{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:11:22Z","timestamp":1760242282286,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61202433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61202433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Basic Scientific Research of China","award":["JCKY2016602B002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCKY2016602B002"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Technology Support Program of China","award":["2013BAC03B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013BAC03B02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Data acquisition is the foundation of soft sensor and data fusion. Distributed data acquisition and its synchronization are the important technologies to ensure the accuracy of soft sensors. As a research topic in bionic science, the firefly-inspired algorithm has attracted widespread attention as a new synchronization method. Aiming at reducing the design difficulty of firefly-inspired synchronization algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with complex topologies, this paper presents a firefly-inspired synchronization algorithm based on a multiscale discrete phase model that can optimize the performance tradeoff between the network scalability and synchronization capability in a complex wireless sensor network. The synchronization process can be regarded as a Markov state transition, which ensures the stability of this algorithm. Compared with the Miroll and Steven model and Reachback Firefly Algorithm, the proposed algorithm obtains better stability and performance. Finally, its practicality has been experimentally confirmed using 30 nodes in a real multi-hop topology with low quality links.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T07:42:58Z","timestamp":1488958978000},"page":"544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Testing a Firefly-Inspired Synchronization Algorithm in a Complex Wireless Sensor Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0512-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuangbo","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xiongjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Ministry of Education), Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2008.12.012","article-title":"Data-driven soft sensors in the process industry","volume":"33","author":"Kadlec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. 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