{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399759292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2406.10054","title":"SmartOracle: Generating Smart Contract Oracle via Fine-Grained Invariant Detection","display_name":"SmartOracle: Generating Smart Contract Oracle via Fine-Grained Invariant Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399759292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2406.10054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2406.10054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.10054","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.10054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.10054","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063591976","display_name":"Jianzhong Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-944X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Su, Jianzhong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086118824","display_name":"Jiachi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-9992"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Jiachi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109508609","display_name":"Zhiyuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-759X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Zhiyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004134770","display_name":"Xingwei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5048-2516"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Xingwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000449889","display_name":"Yutian Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-4564"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Yutian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000582109","display_name":"Zibin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-4330"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Zibin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063591976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9549000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9549000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7547737956047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.6186751127243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.4797336161136627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44799134135246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3333701193332672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2551819384098053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2307499349117279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15996578335762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.1344640552997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-physics","display_name":"Mathematical physics","score":0.09132421016693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7547737956047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6186751127243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.4797336161136627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44799134135246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3333701193332672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2551819384098053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2307499349117279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15996578335762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.1344640552997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.09132421016693115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2406.10054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.10054","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.10054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2406.10054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2406.10054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2406.10054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.10054","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.10054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399759292.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399759292.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2073713056","https://openalex.org/W3110702597","https://openalex.org/W2078761926","https://openalex.org/W2110441383","https://openalex.org/W2125620709","https://openalex.org/W1498872724","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4376606592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"decentralized":[1],"applications":[2],"(DApps)":[3],"proliferate,":[4],"the":[5,110,123,130],"increased":[6],"complexity":[7],"and":[8,20,49,96,103,146],"usage":[9],"of":[10,132],"smart":[11,118,188],"contracts":[12,159],"have":[13,28],"heightened":[14],"their":[15],"susceptibility":[16],"to":[17,31,66,99,108,194],"security":[18,162],"incidents":[19],"financial":[21],"losses.":[22],"Although":[23],"various":[24],"vulnerability":[25,57,87],"detection":[26,95,145],"tools":[27],"been":[29],"developed":[30],"mitigate":[32],"these":[33],"issues,":[34],"they":[35,44],"often":[36],"suffer":[37],"poor":[38],"performance":[39],"in":[40,126,186],"detecting":[41,187],"vulnerabilities,":[42,190],"as":[43,83],"either":[45],"rely":[46],"on":[47],"simplistic":[48],"general-purpose":[50],"oracles":[51,85],"that":[52,78,156],"may":[53],"be":[54],"inadequate":[55],"for":[56,86],"detection,":[58,134],"or":[59],"require":[60],"user-specified":[61],"oracles,":[62],"which":[63],"are":[64],"labor-intensive":[65],"create.":[67],"In":[68,129],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"we":[71,152],"introduce":[72],"SmartOracle,":[73],"a":[74,154],"dynamic":[75,143],"invariant":[76,133,144],"detector":[77],"automatically":[79],"generates":[80],"fine-grained":[81],"invariants":[82,107,125,140],"application-specific":[84],"detection.":[88],"From":[89],"historical":[90],"transactions,":[91],"SmartOracle":[92,116,135,164],"uses":[93],"pattern-based":[94],"advanced":[97],"inference":[98],"construct":[100],"comprehensive":[101],"properties,":[102],"mines":[104],"multi-layer":[105],"likely":[106],"accommodate":[109],"complicated":[111,195],"contract":[112,119,189,196],"functionalities.":[113,197],"After":[114],"that,":[115],"identifies":[117],"vulnerabilities":[120],"by":[121],"hunting":[122],"violated":[124],"new":[127],"transactions.":[128],"field":[131],"detects":[136,166],"50%":[137],"more":[138],"ERC20":[139],"than":[141],"existing":[142],"achieves":[147],"96%":[148],"precision":[149,173],"rate.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"build":[153],"dataset":[155],"contains":[157],"vulnerable":[158,178],"from":[160],"real-world":[161],"incidents.":[163],"successfully":[165],"466":[167],"abnormal":[168],"transactions":[169],"with":[170],"an":[171],"acceptable":[172],"rate":[174],"96%,":[175],"involving":[176],"31":[177],"contracts.":[179],"The":[180],"experimental":[181],"results":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"its":[184],"effectiveness":[185],"especially":[191],"those":[192],"related":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2024-06-18T00:00:00"}