{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407244842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.03718","title":"Following Devils' Footprint: Towards Real-time Detection of Price Manipulation Attacks","display_name":"Following Devils' Footprint: Towards Real-time Detection of Price Manipulation Attacks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407244842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.03718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.03718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03718","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.03718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.03718","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088088709","display_name":"Boao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Bosi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001079464","display_name":"Ningyu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5119-4701"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Ningyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740226","display_name":"Xiaohui Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-9820"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Xiaohui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072236662","display_name":"Kai Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427179","display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2124-3453"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Haoyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088088709"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.901199996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.901199996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.8550018072128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3690932095050812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34342044591903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13313603401184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.062419235706329346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.8550018072128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3690932095050812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34342044591903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13313603401184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.062419235706329346}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.03718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03718","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.03718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.03718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.03718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.03718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03718","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.03718","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407244842.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Price":[0],"manipulation":[1,59,127],"attack":[2,47,72,84,224],"is":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,39,65,275],"the":[6,26,50,63,75,96,99,112,115,130,155,259],"notorious":[7],"threats":[8],"in":[9,49,74,86,102,104,129,177,192,245],"decentralized":[10],"finance":[11],"(DeFi)":[12],"applications,":[13],"which":[14,53,178],"allows":[15],"attackers":[16],"to":[17,35,70,114,269],"exchange":[18],"tokens":[19],"at":[20],"an":[21],"extensively":[22],"deviated":[23],"price":[24,58,126],"from":[25,111],"market.":[27],"Existing":[28],"efforts":[29],"usually":[30,68],"rely":[31],"on":[32,139,200,262],"reactive":[33],"methods":[34],"identify":[36,82],"such":[37],"kind":[38],"attacks":[40,60,128,191,265],"after":[41,258],"they":[42,67,196],"have":[43,197,266],"happened,":[44],"e.g.,":[45],"detecting":[46],"transactions":[48],"post-attack":[51],"stage,":[52],"cannot":[54],"mitigate":[55,95],"or":[56],"prevent":[57],"timely.":[61],"From":[62],"perspective":[64],"attackers,":[66],"need":[69],"deploy":[71],"contracts":[73,85,225],"pre-attack":[76,131],"stage.":[77],"Thus,":[78],"if":[79],"we":[80,90,107,118],"can":[81,91,189],"these":[83],"a":[87,121,165,201,242],"proactive":[88],"manner,":[89],"raise":[92],"alarms":[93,255],"and":[94,141,148,157,216,247,273],"threats.":[97],"With":[98],"core":[100],"idea":[101],"mind,":[103],"this":[105,186],"work,":[106],"shift":[108],"our":[109],"attention":[110],"victims":[113],"attackers.":[116],"Specifically,":[117],"propose":[119],"SMARTCAT,":[120],"novel":[122],"approach":[123],"for":[124,228,280],"identifying":[125],"stage":[132],"proactively.":[133],"For":[134,151,169],"generality,":[135],"it":[136,153,171,179,251],"conducts":[137,180],"analysis":[138,182],"bytecode":[140],"does":[142],"not":[143],"require":[144],"any":[145],"source":[146],"code":[147],"transaction":[149],"data.":[150],"accuracy,":[152],"depicts":[154],"control-":[156],"data-flow":[158],"dependency":[159],"relationships":[160],"among":[161],"function":[162],"calls":[163],"into":[164],"token":[166],"flow":[167],"graph.":[168],"scalability,":[170],"filters":[172],"out":[173],"those":[174],"suspicious":[175],"paths,":[176],"inter-contract":[181],"as":[183,241],"necessary.":[184],"To":[185],"end,":[187],"SMARTCAT":[188,208,220,240],"pinpoint":[190],"real":[193],"time":[194],"once":[195],"been":[198],"deployed":[199],"chain.":[202],"The":[203],"evaluation":[204],"results":[205],"illustrate":[206],"that":[207],"significantly":[209],"outperforms":[210],"existing":[211],"baselines":[212],"with":[213,232],"91.6%":[214],"recall":[215],"~100%":[217],"precision.":[218],"Moreover,":[219],"also":[221],"uncovers":[222],"616":[223],"in-the-wild,":[226],"accounting":[227],"\\$9.25M":[229],"financial":[230,271],"losses,":[231,272],"only":[233],"19":[234],"cases":[235],"publicly":[236],"reported.":[237],"By":[238],"applying":[239],"real-time":[243],"detector":[244],"Ethereum":[246],"Binance":[248],"Smart":[249],"Chain,":[250],"has":[252],"raised":[253],"14":[254],"99":[256],"seconds":[257],"corresponding":[260],"deployment":[261],"average.":[263],"These":[264],"already":[267],"led":[268],"$641K":[270],"seven":[274],"them":[276],"are":[277],"still":[278],"waiting":[279],"their":[281],"ripe":[282],"time.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
