{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414750886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.18052","title":"The PIMMUR Principles: Ensuring Validity in Collective Behavior of LLM Societies","display_name":"The PIMMUR Principles: Ensuring Validity in Collective Behavior of LLM Societies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414750886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.18052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.18052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18052","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.18052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.18052","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065854759","display_name":"Jiaxu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-0700"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Jiaxu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119816314","display_name":"Jen-tse Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Jen-tse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044677624","display_name":"Chao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1785-3969"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Xuhui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114087930","display_name":"Man Ho Lam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lam, Man Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081423918","display_name":"Xintao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xintao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084768551","display_name":"Hao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3147-8678"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755182","display_name":"Wenxuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9653-7918"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Wenxuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015128745","display_name":"Maarten Sap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0701-4654"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sap, Maarten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065854759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14102","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Law","score":0.9473999738693237,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14102","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Law","score":0.9473999738693237,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.9126999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-behavior","display_name":"Human behavior","score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rigour","display_name":"Rigour","score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontier","display_name":"Frontier","score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realism","display_name":"Realism","score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raising","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-factors-and-ergonomics","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","score":0.33169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117035363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3769299","display_name":"Human behavior","level":2,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71008984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890076","display_name":"Rigour","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100339178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2548752","display_name":"Collective behavior","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777932401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471594","display_name":"Collective action","level":3,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37497375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623971","display_name":"Social control","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5570062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3919817","display_name":"Behavioural sciences","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162222271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871","display_name":"Public good","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23213167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351730","display_name":"Scientific progress","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.18052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18052","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.18052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.18052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.18052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.18052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18052","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.18052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4,105,112],"increasingly":[5],"deployed":[6],"to":[7],"simulate":[8],"human":[9,134,149],"collective":[10,96],"behaviors,":[11,136],"yet":[12],"the":[13,66,141],"methodological":[14,113],"rigor":[15],"of":[16,26,49,72,76,143],"these":[17],"\"AI":[18],"societies\"":[19],"remains":[20],"under-explored.":[21],"Through":[22],"a":[23],"systematic":[24],"audit":[25],"39":[27],"recent":[28],"studies,":[29],"we":[30,92],"identify":[31,65],"six":[32],"pervasive":[33],"flaws-spanning":[34],"agent":[35],"profiles,":[36],"interaction,":[37],"memory,":[38],"control,":[39],"unawareness,":[40],"and":[41],"realism":[42],"(PIMMUR).":[43],"Our":[44,120],"analysis":[45],"reveals":[46],"that":[47,61,81,94,108,123],"89.7%":[48],"studies":[50],"violate":[51],"at":[52],"least":[53],"one":[54],"principle,":[55],"undermining":[56],"simulation":[57],"validity.":[58],"We":[59],"demonstrate":[60],"frontier":[62],"LLMs":[63,144],"correctly":[64],"underlying":[67],"social":[68,118,135],"experiment":[69],"in":[70],"50.8%":[71],"cases,":[73],"while":[74],"61.0%":[75],"prompts":[77],"exert":[78],"excessive":[79],"control":[80],"pre-determines":[82],"outcomes.":[83],"By":[84],"reproducing":[85],"five":[86],"representative":[87],"experiments":[88],"(e.g.,":[89],"telephone":[90],"game),":[91],"show":[93],"reported":[95],"phenomena":[97],"often":[98],"vanish":[99],"or":[100],"reverse":[101],"when":[102],"PIMMUR":[103],"principles":[104],"enforced,":[106],"suggesting":[107],"many":[109],"\"emergent\"":[110],"behaviors":[111],"artifacts":[114],"rather":[115,131],"than":[116,132],"genuine":[117],"dynamics.":[119],"findings":[121],"suggest":[122],"current":[124],"AI":[125],"simulations":[126],"may":[127],"capture":[128],"model-specific":[129],"biases":[130],"universal":[133],"raising":[137],"critical":[138],"concerns":[139],"about":[140],"use":[142],"as":[145],"scientific":[146],"proxies":[147],"for":[148],"society.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-08T06:01:36.053099","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}