{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405129275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906","title":"Risk-aware classification via uncertainty quantification","display_name":"Risk-aware classification via uncertainty quantification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405129275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064283689","display_name":"Murat \u015eensoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8806-4508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat \u015eensoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI, London, EC2A 2FA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8806-4508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI, London, EC2A 2FA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022713560","display_name":"Lance Kaplan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-4471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lance M. Kaplan","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-4471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049634973","display_name":"Simon Julier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-137X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Julier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-137X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070701152","display_name":"Maryam Saleki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","display_name":"Fordham University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qnxaf80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Saleki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fordham University, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fordham University, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043937484","display_name":"Federico Cerutti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-0358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Cerutti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-0358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043937484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I79940851"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"fwci":1.6557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87054675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"265","issue":null,"first_page":"125906","last_page":"125906"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7007712125778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-quantification","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","score":0.5868544578552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4158504605293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3558288812637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.34142038226127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33755168318748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.09477972984313965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7007712125778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.5868544578552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4158504605293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3558288812637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.34142038226127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33755168318748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09477972984313965}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/617066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11379/617066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.125906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G241162882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8655-22-1-7017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338456","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338503","display_name":"European Office of Aerospace Research and Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1547531277","https://openalex.org/W1578800471","https://openalex.org/W2069266605","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2130046318","https://openalex.org/W2139580021","https://openalex.org/W2259894692","https://openalex.org/W2487122920","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2767449908","https://openalex.org/W2811513716","https://openalex.org/W2933641289","https://openalex.org/W2947433239","https://openalex.org/W2954301881","https://openalex.org/W2964050365","https://openalex.org/W2997563872","https://openalex.org/W3014596384","https://openalex.org/W3037355691","https://openalex.org/W3102100346","https://openalex.org/W3131119906","https://openalex.org/W3134774296","https://openalex.org/W3164731060","https://openalex.org/W3169290870","https://openalex.org/W3173026327","https://openalex.org/W3178621454","https://openalex.org/W3179767994","https://openalex.org/W3185456481","https://openalex.org/W3195127593","https://openalex.org/W3208185326","https://openalex.org/W3208585296","https://openalex.org/W4200357302","https://openalex.org/W4205387545","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4214751560","https://openalex.org/W4226459723","https://openalex.org/W4254632515","https://openalex.org/W4285787204","https://openalex.org/W4286909493","https://openalex.org/W4287755806","https://openalex.org/W4287865413","https://openalex.org/W4302028121","https://openalex.org/W4313438682","https://openalex.org/W4376502360","https://openalex.org/W4386154906","https://openalex.org/W4391843787","https://openalex.org/W6606837198","https://openalex.org/W6617145748","https://openalex.org/W6630508613","https://openalex.org/W6640454917","https://openalex.org/W6680919041","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6730042731","https://openalex.org/W6733901433","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6739651123","https://openalex.org/W6748865747","https://openalex.org/W6752745768","https://openalex.org/W6757672018","https://openalex.org/W6760667937","https://openalex.org/W6763291628","https://openalex.org/W6763678542","https://openalex.org/W6764214684","https://openalex.org/W6768005612","https://openalex.org/W6768069741","https://openalex.org/W6768698167","https://openalex.org/W6773813882","https://openalex.org/W6779600923","https://openalex.org/W6780891568","https://openalex.org/W6781590101","https://openalex.org/W6781740425","https://openalex.org/W6783779052","https://openalex.org/W6788164384","https://openalex.org/W6797080668","https://openalex.org/W6798738635","https://openalex.org/W6798779344","https://openalex.org/W6840480223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"and":[1,61,81],"semi-autonomous":[2],"systems":[3],"are":[4,83],"using":[5,152],"deep":[6,13,118],"learning":[7,119],"models":[8],"to":[9,73,90,97,123,137],"improve":[10],"decision-making.":[11],"However,":[12],"classifiers":[14,151],"can":[15,134,146],"be":[16,135,147],"overly":[17],"confident":[18],"in":[19,27,112],"their":[20,109],"incorrect":[21],"predictions,":[22],"a":[23],"major":[24],"issue":[25],"especially":[26],"safety-critical":[28],"domains.":[29],"The":[30],"present":[31],"study":[32],"introduces":[33],"three":[34],"foundational":[35],"desiderata":[36],"for":[37],"developing":[38],"real-world":[39],"risk-aware":[40,99],"classification":[41,114],"systems.":[42],"Expanding":[43],"upon":[44],"the":[45,56,125],"previously":[46],"proposed":[47,102],"Evidential":[48,117],"Deep":[49],"Learning":[50],"(":[51],"EDL":[52,62,69],"),":[53],"we":[54],"demonstrate":[55],"unity":[57],"between":[58],"these":[59,92],"principles":[60],"\u2019s":[63],"operational":[64],"attributes.":[65],"We":[66,85],"then":[67],"augment":[68],"empowering":[70],"autonomous":[71],"agents":[72],"exercise":[74],"discretion":[75],"during":[76],"structured":[77],"decision-making":[78,140],"when":[79],"uncertainty":[80,127],"risks":[82],"inherent.":[84],"rigorously":[86],"examine":[87],"empirical":[88],"scenarios":[89],"substantiate":[91],"theoretical":[93],"innovations.":[94],"In":[95],"contrast":[96],"existing":[98],"classifiers,":[100],"our":[101],"methodologies":[103],"consistently":[104],"exhibit":[105],"superior":[106],"performance,":[107],"underscoring":[108],"transformative":[110],"potential":[111],"risk-conscious":[113],"strategies.":[115],"\u2022":[116,131,143],"uses":[120],"Dirichlet":[121,154],"distributions":[122],"represent":[124],"predictive":[126],"of":[128],"neural":[129],"classifiers.":[130],"Pignistic":[132],"probabilities":[133],"used":[136],"model":[138],"rational":[139],"under":[141],"uncertainty.":[142],"Risk":[144],"awareness":[145],"integrated":[148],"into":[149],"evidential":[150],"pignistic":[153],"priors.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
