{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293370554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201889","title":"5G Enabled Freeports: A Conceptual Framework","display_name":"5G Enabled Freeports: A Conceptual Framework","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293370554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3201889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201889","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09867988.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09867988.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606330","display_name":"Yingli Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5630-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingli Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logistics Systems Dynamics Group, Logistics and Operations Management Section, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5630-9558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logistics Systems Dynamics Group, Logistics and Operations Management Section, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030032809","display_name":"Andrew Potter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3157-9735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Potter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logistics Systems Dynamics Group, Logistics and Operations Management Section, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logistics Systems Dynamics Group, Logistics and Operations Management Section, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084994170","display_name":"Mohamed Mohamed Naim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-9400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Naim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logistics Systems Dynamics Group, Logistics and Operations Management Section, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-9400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logistics Systems Dynamics Group, Logistics and Operations Management Section, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013375462","display_name":"Antonis Vafeas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-3465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonis Vafeas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Smart Internet Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Smart Internet Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022232756","display_name":"Alex Mavromatis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6007-7160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Mavromatis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Smart Internet Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6007-7160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Smart Internet Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030580652","display_name":"Dimitra Simeonidou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-544X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitra Simeonidou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Smart Internet Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-544X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Smart Internet Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100606330"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1305,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80369014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"91871","last_page":"91887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6088061928749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"Conceptual framework","score":0.5156639814376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46857428550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.464677631855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.45961707830429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.4160378873348236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.39619889855384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.39034169912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3280409276485443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.3219677805900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.1754988431930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.0855836570262909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08367776870727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.07811960577964783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6088061928749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.5156639814376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46857428550720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.464677631855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.45961707830429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4160378873348236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.39619889855384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39034169912338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3280409276485443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3219677805900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1754988431930542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0855836570262909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08367776870727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07811960577964783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3201889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201889","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09867988.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/d5b1496d-6863-475d-a5d1-2b296e6e284a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/d5b1496d-6863-475d-a5d1-2b296e6e284a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wang, Y, Potter, A, Naim, M, Vafeas, A, Mavromatis, A & Simeonidou, D 2022, '5G enabled Freeports : A conceptual framework', IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 91871-91887. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3201889","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:152093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e15309367af4495bbdc0bd5367bdcd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e15309367af4495bbdc0bd5367bdcd4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 91871-91887 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/d5b1496d-6863-475d-a5d1-2b296e6e284a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/d5b1496d-6863-475d-a5d1-2b296e6e284a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3201889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3201889","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09867988.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293370554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4293370554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623638859","https://openalex.org/W1548825518","https://openalex.org/W2007283757","https://openalex.org/W2018077672","https://openalex.org/W2019909480","https://openalex.org/W2044483797","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2059957782","https://openalex.org/W2089993100","https://openalex.org/W2245221888","https://openalex.org/W2259327114","https://openalex.org/W2316815201","https://openalex.org/W2337442676","https://openalex.org/W2521876175","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2745156229","https://openalex.org/W2897209212","https://openalex.org/W2905628336","https://openalex.org/W2945712931","https://openalex.org/W3012438347","https://openalex.org/W3021475808","https://openalex.org/W3137981520","https://openalex.org/W3138617868","https://openalex.org/W3157503767","https://openalex.org/W3214546922","https://openalex.org/W3216527716","https://openalex.org/W4250285352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W4390585229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"conceptual":[2],"framework":[3,17],"is":[4,18,68,123,132],"developed":[5],"that":[6,100,108],"depicts":[7],"a":[8,24,42,50,140,152,163],"generic":[9],"Freeport":[10,55,66,86,165],"model":[11,44,142,161],"underpinned":[12],"by":[13,169],"5G":[14,25,30,53,74,145,164,183],"technology.":[15],"The":[16],"based":[19],"on":[20],"preliminary":[21],"findings":[22],"from":[23,33,103,172],"testbed":[26],"project":[27],"and":[28,36,54,60,70,96,115,149],"secondary":[29],"use":[31,166],"cases":[32],"both":[34],"practice":[35],"academic":[37],"literature.":[38],"We":[39,154],"first":[40],"provide":[41],"descriptive":[43],"of":[45,49,91,93,121,158,182],"the":[46,58,89,94,119,127,156,159,179],"current":[47],"state":[48],"port":[51],"without":[52],"status,":[56],"identify":[57],"challenges":[59,82],"opportunities":[61],"for":[62,83],"logistics":[63,78,136],"flows":[64],"if":[65],"status":[67,87],"attained":[69],"then":[71],"prescribe":[72],"how":[73],"may":[75],"enable":[76],"seamless":[77],"flows.":[79],"With":[80],"multiple":[81],"ports":[84],"generally,":[85],"increases":[88],"level":[90],"complexity":[92,131],"core":[95],"support":[97],"business":[98],"processes":[99],"deliver":[101],"goods":[102],"origin":[104],"to":[105,134,143,146,176,178],"destination.":[106],"Despite":[107],"increased":[109],"complexity,":[110],"Freeports":[111,122],"can":[112],"attract":[113],"investment":[114],"generate":[116],"revenue,":[117],"thus":[118],"enablement":[120],"notionally":[124],"beneficial":[125],"in":[126,184],"long":[128],"run.":[129],"As":[130],"anathema":[133],"smooth":[135],"flows,":[137],"we":[138,174],"develop":[139],"prescriptive":[141,160],"exploit":[144],"improve":[147],"efficiency":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"within":[151],"Freeport.":[153],"demonstrate":[155],"application":[157],"with":[162],"case":[167],"supported":[168],"simulation":[170],"results,":[171],"which":[173],"aim":[175],"contribute":[177],"overall":[180],"adoption":[181],"Freeports.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
