{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009325754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014294","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Service Migration in Vehicular Networks","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Service Migration in Vehicular Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009325754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014294","mag":"3009325754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102852227","display_name":"Yan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-2933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343973","display_name":"Ling Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-9088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040456231","display_name":"Yiqing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4553-5207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106716610","display_name":"Jinglin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3770-608X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinglin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334711","display_name":"Jintao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-741X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102852227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88007093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.8017808198928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7277024984359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7205981612205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6864180564880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5830285549163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-qos","display_name":"Mobile QoS","score":0.499753475189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.47364747524261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4654577076435089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-traffic","display_name":"Cellular traffic","score":0.4190068244934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3321690559387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.30303242802619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1794300079345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.16440758109092712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1157979965209961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.8017808198928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7277024984359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7205981612205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6864180564880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5830285549163818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169761439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6886951","display_name":"Mobile QoS","level":4,"score":0.499753475189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.47364747524261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4654577076435089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133972139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058371","display_name":"Cellular traffic","level":3,"score":0.4190068244934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3321690559387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.30303242802619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1794300079345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.16440758109092712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1157979965209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014294","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1830924607","https://openalex.org/W1970750044","https://openalex.org/W1993997180","https://openalex.org/W2017161722","https://openalex.org/W2025652426","https://openalex.org/W2139058102","https://openalex.org/W2145102520","https://openalex.org/W2344607369","https://openalex.org/W2414239518","https://openalex.org/W2562344159","https://openalex.org/W2761862361","https://openalex.org/W2769210275","https://openalex.org/W2769243964","https://openalex.org/W2792281126","https://openalex.org/W2902319104","https://openalex.org/W2905053357","https://openalex.org/W2905766790","https://openalex.org/W2921712339","https://openalex.org/W2946574388","https://openalex.org/W4235923271","https://openalex.org/W6681494411","https://openalex.org/W6704420688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W2533125852","https://openalex.org/W1577320633","https://openalex.org/W1982342997","https://openalex.org/W2604317121","https://openalex.org/W2094659299","https://openalex.org/W2095655338","https://openalex.org/W2088108628","https://openalex.org/W2146269461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"edge":[1],"computing":[2],"(MEC)-enabled":[3],"vehicular":[4,14],"networks":[5],"can":[6,183,226,236],"improve":[7],"the":[8,18,29,43,54,57,73,84,92,118,125,142,161,179,185,197,206,215,220,224,233],"quality":[9],"of":[10,13,32,75,77,94,117,127,217],"service":[11,36,46,68,122,167],"(QoS)":[12],"networks,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,91,141,196],"round-trip":[19],"time":[20],"(RTT)":[21],"and":[22,59,86,96,121,130,146,232],"transmission":[23],"control":[24],"protocol":[25],"(TCP)":[26],"throughput.":[27],"However,":[28],"high":[30],"mobility":[31],"vehicles":[33,108,218],"requires":[34],"frequent":[35],"migrations":[37,47],"among":[38],"MEC":[39],"servers":[40],"to":[41,110,133,159],"maintain":[42],"QoS.":[44,112],"Frequent":[45],"incur":[48],"prohibitive":[49],"migration":[50,60,69,87,119,168,177],"cost.":[51],"To":[52],"achieve":[53],"tradeoff":[55],"between":[56,144],"QoS":[58,85,216],"cost,":[61],"this":[62],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"a":[65],"novel":[66,149],"dynamic":[67,166,181],"scheme,":[70],"which":[71,200],"considers":[72],"effect":[74],"velocities":[76],"vehicles.":[78],"The":[79,103,113,136,191],"main":[80],"idea":[81],"is":[82,139,157,208],"that":[83,173],"cost":[88,114,120,123],"are":[89,99],"modeled":[90],"function":[93],"velocity,":[95],"then":[97],"they":[98],"jointly":[100],"considered":[101],"economically.":[102],"system":[104,137,162,186,192],"captures":[105],"incomes":[106,145],"from":[107],"according":[109],"their":[111],"(expenditure)":[115],"consists":[116],"for":[124],"use":[126],"computing,":[128],"communication":[129],"memory":[131],"resources":[132],"provide":[134],"service.":[135],"utility":[138,187,193],"defined":[140],"difference":[143],"costs.":[147],"A":[148],"deep":[150,155],"reinforcement":[151],"learning":[152],"algorithm,":[153],"i.e.,":[154],"Q-learning":[156],"employed":[158],"maximize":[160],"utility,":[163],"by":[164,229,239],"designing":[165],"scheme.":[169],"Simulation":[170],"results":[171],"show":[172],"compared":[174],"with":[175,188,219],"existing":[176],"schemes,":[178],"proposed":[180],"scheme":[182],"increase":[184],"various":[189],"velocities.":[190],"gain":[194],"increases":[195],"velocity":[198,207],"increases,":[199],"reaches":[201],"about":[202],"2":[203,230],"times":[204],"when":[205],"larger":[209],"than":[210],"30m/s.":[211],"Moreover,":[212],"it":[213],"improves":[214],"higher":[221],"mobility,":[222],"where":[223],"RTT":[225],"be":[227,237],"decreased":[228],"times,":[231],"TCP":[234],"throughput":[235],"increased":[238],"1":[240],"time.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}