{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390097863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd58817.2023.00016","title":"MNHOKA - PPA Efficient M-Term Non-Homogeneous Hybrid Overlap-free Karatsuba Multiplier for GF (2<sup>n</sup>) Polynomial Multiplier","display_name":"MNHOKA - PPA Efficient M-Term Non-Homogeneous Hybrid Overlap-free Karatsuba Multiplier for GF (2<sup>n</sup>) Polynomial Multiplier","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390097863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd58817.2023.00016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd58817.2023.00016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd58817.2023.00016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 41st International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102552928","display_name":"Gogireddy Ravi Kiran Reddy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gogireddy Ravi Kiran Reddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103002482","display_name":"Sanampudi Gopala Krishna Reddy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanampudi Gopala Krishna Reddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016234872","display_name":"D R Vasanthi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasanthi D R","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061397479","display_name":"Madhav Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-9148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhav Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India","International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology,Bangalore,Karnataka,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102552928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5734,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8689936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"38","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9588000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operand","display_name":"Operand","score":0.8458157777786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.7525231838226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5591844916343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial-basis","display_name":"Polynomial basis","score":0.5229414701461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.5225655436515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadence","display_name":"Cadence","score":0.48522305488586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.48150500655174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4400368332862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4374357759952545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.43524619936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4200679361820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.35961997509002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19289261102676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.14172279834747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.09881570935249329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07501339912414551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55526617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719375","display_name":"Operand","level":2,"score":0.8458157777786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7525231838226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5591844916343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778406171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901742","display_name":"Polynomial basis","level":2,"score":0.5229414701461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.5225655436515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777125575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14088448","display_name":"Cadence","level":2,"score":0.48522305488586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.48150500655174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4400368332862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4374357759952545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.43524619936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4200679361820221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.35961997509002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19289261102676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.14172279834747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.09881570935249329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07501339912414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd58817.2023.00016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd58817.2023.00016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 41st International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561369259","https://openalex.org/W1566706564","https://openalex.org/W1773872090","https://openalex.org/W1875532805","https://openalex.org/W2078100633","https://openalex.org/W2094812471","https://openalex.org/W2117822320","https://openalex.org/W2430735257","https://openalex.org/W2508330072","https://openalex.org/W2547545620","https://openalex.org/W2602052759","https://openalex.org/W2611320502","https://openalex.org/W2617479905","https://openalex.org/W2766908437","https://openalex.org/W2953289753","https://openalex.org/W2978569441","https://openalex.org/W2989906196","https://openalex.org/W3130406170","https://openalex.org/W3151565855","https://openalex.org/W4205605218","https://openalex.org/W4213306896","https://openalex.org/W4377969826","https://openalex.org/W4378801080","https://openalex.org/W6638172849","https://openalex.org/W6990745491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289538008","https://openalex.org/W2967107136","https://openalex.org/W2072220574","https://openalex.org/W4285082868","https://openalex.org/W2162004439","https://openalex.org/W2558076308","https://openalex.org/W4317402486","https://openalex.org/W2120552212","https://openalex.org/W2775775183","https://openalex.org/W2042089017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,51,98,139],"the":[1,8,16,29,105,130,166,182,187,203,217,249,261,268],"constantly":[2],"evolving":[3],"field":[4],"of":[5,18,104,147,156,181,193,206,216],"multiplication":[6],"architectures,":[7],"Karatsuba":[9,31,66,77,91,114],"algorithm":[10,33],"and":[11,47,89,108,129,151,160,197,210,256,270],"its":[12,109,120,222],"extensions":[13],"have":[14,259],"captivated":[15],"minds":[17],"researchers":[19,269],"with":[20,186,221],"their":[21,230],"performance":[22,121],"metrics.":[23],"One":[24],"such":[25],"optimized":[26],"design":[27,185,225,263],"is":[28,117],"Overlap-free":[30,65,90],"(OKA)":[32],"which":[34,70],"has":[35],"emerged":[36],"as":[37,61],"an":[38],"innovative":[39],"architecture,":[40],"specifically":[41],"aimed":[42],"at":[43],"enhancing":[44],"power,":[45],"performance,":[46],"area":[48],"(PPA)":[49],"parameters.":[50],"this":[52,99],"paper,":[53,100],"we":[54,258],"introduce":[55],"a":[56,101,241],"novel":[57],"technique":[58],"referred":[59],"to":[60,165,267],"M-term":[62,85],"Non-Homogeneous":[63],"Hybrid":[64,113],"polynomial":[67],"multiplier":[68,78,82,87,92],"(MNHOKA),":[69],"surpasses":[71],"existing":[72,235],"state-of-the-art":[73],"(SOTA)":[74],"designs,":[75],"including":[76],"(KA),":[79],"M-Term":[80,111],"Karatsuba-like":[81,86],"(MKA),":[83],"Composite":[84],"(CMKA),":[88],"(OKA),":[93],"across":[94],"various":[95],"operand":[96,154],"sizes.":[97],"detailed":[102],"analysis":[103],"proposed":[106,183,218],"MNHOKA":[107,142],"corresponding":[110],"Non-homogeneous":[112],"Algorithm":[115],"(MNHKA)":[116],"presented,":[118],"highlighting":[119],"improvements":[122,146],"on":[123],"both":[124],"Cadence":[125],"45":[126],"nm":[127],"process":[128],"ZYNQ":[131],"ZCU-104":[132],"FPGA":[133,179],"board":[134],"for":[135,153,202],"popular":[136],"bit":[137],"widths.":[138],"ASIC":[140],"implementations,":[141],"achieves":[143],"significant":[144,242],"ADP":[145,191],"28.33%,":[148],"28.99%,":[149],"58.23%,":[150],"11.95%":[152],"sizes":[155],"128,":[157,207],"232,":[158,208],"282,":[159,209],"750":[161,211],"bits,":[162],"respectively,":[163],"compared":[164],"best-case":[167,188],"SOTA":[168,189,236],"design.":[169],"Furthermore,":[170],"our":[171],"method":[172],"yields":[173],"lower":[174],"power":[175],"consumption.":[176],"When":[177],"comparing":[178],"results":[180],"MNHKA":[184,224],"works,":[190],"improvement":[192,199],"22.72%,":[194],"16.10%,":[195],"2.52%,":[196],"11.36%":[198],"was":[200],"achieved":[201],"respective":[204],"bit-widths":[205],"bits":[212],"respectively.":[213],"The":[214],"advantages":[215],"MNHOKA,":[219],"along":[220],"equivalent":[223],"variants,":[226],"are":[227],"evident":[228],"in":[229,248],"superior":[231],"hardware":[232,262],"characteristics":[233],"over":[234],"designs.":[237],"This":[238],"research":[239,255],"represents":[240],"step":[243],"towards":[244],"realizing":[245],"efficient":[246],"Cryptosystems":[247],"immediate":[250],"future.":[251],"To":[252],"foster":[253],"further":[254],"innovation,":[257],"made":[260],"files":[264],"freely":[265],"available":[266],"designer":[271],"community.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}