{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399039794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2024.124422","title":"Industry-Oriented Detection Method of PCBA Defects Using Semantic Segmentation Models","display_name":"Industry-Oriented Detection Method of PCBA Defects Using Semantic Segmentation Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399039794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2024.124422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jas.2024.124422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2024.124422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484288132","display_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","issn_l":"2329-9266","issn":["2329-9266","2329-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083875496","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-9264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-9264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071742323","display_name":"Xiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7615-3491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7615-3491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098879584","display_name":"Zhifan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8085-3837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","SigmaStar Technology Limited, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8085-3837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SigmaStar Technology Limited, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004076829","display_name":"Ze Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6737-0290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6737-0290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102732281","display_name":"Ke Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0177-3384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0177-3384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076431826","display_name":"Sanchuan Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1032-1310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanchuan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1032-1310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011747421","display_name":"Yuanhao Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5973-1493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijing Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5973-1493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071987984","display_name":"Xiaotao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8786-2962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8786-2962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102882479","display_name":"Yawen Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0728-8737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawen Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0728-8737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073740877","display_name":"Shanpeng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2489-5797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanpeng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2489-5797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute,Department of Internet of Things Technology and Application,Beijing,China,100053","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064469610","display_name":"Zhenqi Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-9650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenqi Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-9650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008633924","display_name":"Bin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-983X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-983X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040105498","display_name":"Huaqiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-7997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaqiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-7997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China,100084","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083875496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3298,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94200108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"1438","last_page":"1446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5727552175521851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5071244239807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5022156238555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32629910111427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32349133491516113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5727552175521851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5071244239807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5022156238555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32629910111427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32349133491516113}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jas.2024.124422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2024.124422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484288132","display_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","issn_l":"2329-9266","issn":["2329-9266","2329-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188655508","https://openalex.org/W360623563","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1982088376","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2125150158","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2941001797","https://openalex.org/W2943694032","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963325280","https://openalex.org/W3009674471","https://openalex.org/W3010937596","https://openalex.org/W3034713821","https://openalex.org/W3046341154","https://openalex.org/W3114273261","https://openalex.org/W3134389753","https://openalex.org/W3137088683","https://openalex.org/W3176378302","https://openalex.org/W3203668486","https://openalex.org/W4294811295","https://openalex.org/W4378905046","https://openalex.org/W6607701154","https://openalex.org/W6612134913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"optical":[1],"inspection":[2],"(AOI)":[3],"is":[4,66,75],"a":[5,52,60,78,86,139,155,170],"significant":[6],"process":[7],"in":[8,22,114,124],"printed":[9],"circuit":[10],"board":[11],"assembly":[12],"(PCBA)":[13],"production":[14,104,119,133],"lines":[15,105],"which":[16,41],"aims":[17],"to":[18,83,118],"detect":[19],"tiny":[20],"defects":[21],"PCBAs.":[23],"Existing":[24],"AOI":[25],"equipment":[26],"has":[27],"several":[28],"deficiencies":[29],"including":[30],"low":[31],"throughput,":[32],"large":[33],"computation":[34],"cost,":[35],"high":[36],"latency,":[37],"and":[38,121,159,173,179],"poor":[39],"flexibility,":[40],"limits":[42],"the":[43,71,92,95,115,132,161],"efficiency":[44],"of":[45,94,163],"online":[46],"PCBA":[47,54,99],"inspection.":[48],"In":[49,68],"this":[50,69],"paper,":[51],"novel":[53],"defect":[55,80,87],"detection":[56,88],"method":[57,137,150,167],"based":[58],"on":[59],"lightweight":[61,125,156],"deep":[62],"convolution":[63],"neural":[64],"network":[65],"proposed.":[67],"method,":[70],"semantic":[72],"segmentation":[73],"model":[74,116,177],"combined":[76],"with":[77],"rule-based":[79],"recognition":[81],"algorithm":[82],"build":[84],"up":[85,169],"framework.":[89],"To":[90],"improve":[91],"performance":[93],"model,":[96],"extensive":[97],"real":[98],"images":[100],"are":[101],"collected":[102],"from":[103],"as":[106],"datasets.":[107],"Some":[108],"optimization":[109,180],"methods":[110],"have":[111],"been":[112],"applied":[113],"according":[117],"demand":[120],"enable":[122],"integration":[123],"computing":[126],"devices.":[127],"Experiment":[128],"results":[129],"show":[130],"that":[131],"line":[134],"using":[135],"our":[136],"realizes":[138],"throughput":[140],"more":[141],"than":[142,146],"three":[143],"times":[144],"higher":[145],"traditional":[147],"methods.":[148],"Our":[149],"can":[151],"be":[152],"integrated":[153],"into":[154],"inference":[157],"system":[158],"promote":[160],"flexibility":[162],"AOI.":[164],"The":[165],"proposed":[166],"builds":[168],"general":[171],"paradigm":[172],"excellent":[174],"example":[175],"for":[176],"design":[178],"oriented":[181],"towards":[182],"industrial":[183],"requirements.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}