{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108027679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2038406","title":"In a Blink of an Eye and a Switch of a Transistor: Cortically Coupled Computer Vision","display_name":"In a Blink of an Eye and a Switch of a Transistor: Cortically Coupled Computer Vision","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108027679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2038406","mag":"2108027679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2009.2038406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2038406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042749874","display_name":"Paul Sajda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-1342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Sajda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","[Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001907974","display_name":"Eric A. Pohlmeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-3296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Pohlmeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","[Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384686","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-5735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, NY, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng, Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng, Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079902276","display_name":"Lucas C. Parra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-816X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.C. Parra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., City Coll. of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., City Coll. of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016916869","display_name":"Christoforos Christoforou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-5862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Christoforou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., City Coll. of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., City Coll. of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067697868","display_name":"Jacek Dmochowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-5691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Dmochowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA","Dept. of Biomed. Eng., City Coll. of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Biomed. Eng., City Coll. of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110270440","display_name":"Boniecka Piekarska Hanna","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Hanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuromatters Limited Liability Company, New York, NY, USA","Neuromatters, LLC, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromatters Limited Liability Company, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromatters, LLC, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032338259","display_name":"Claus Bahlmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-2860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Bahlmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, NJ, USA","Siemens Corp. Res., Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corp. Res., Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062755809","display_name":"Maneesh Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-4695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.K. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, NJ, USA","Siemens Corp. Res., Princeton, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corp. Res., Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069745958","display_name":"Shih-Fu Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Fu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, NY, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng, Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng, Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042749874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":154,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9646842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"3","first_page":"462","last_page":"478"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7534289360046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4443443715572357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4290693402290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.42809027433395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3906474709510803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7534289360046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4443443715572357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4290693402290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.42809027433395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3906474709510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2009.2038406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2038406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.158.6718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.158.6718","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://newton.bme.columbia.edu/~lparra/publish/C3VProcIEEE.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930310849","https://openalex.org/W2000840148","https://openalex.org/W2007226897","https://openalex.org/W2009814490","https://openalex.org/W2016647632","https://openalex.org/W2041346309","https://openalex.org/W2043149073","https://openalex.org/W2056719047","https://openalex.org/W2078039428","https://openalex.org/W2091845343","https://openalex.org/W2097267381","https://openalex.org/W2098069002","https://openalex.org/W2098611214","https://openalex.org/W2108082645","https://openalex.org/W2108315404","https://openalex.org/W2112786982","https://openalex.org/W2113264066","https://openalex.org/W2114415669","https://openalex.org/W2114538779","https://openalex.org/W2125311180","https://openalex.org/W2125680649","https://openalex.org/W2129259757","https://openalex.org/W2141250485","https://openalex.org/W2142337462","https://openalex.org/W2151035455","https://openalex.org/W2156163061","https://openalex.org/W2163027455","https://openalex.org/W2167765625","https://openalex.org/W2169600004","https://openalex.org/W2310144827","https://openalex.org/W2485261912","https://openalex.org/W2549813707","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W4230400655","https://openalex.org/W4239269065","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6676515226","https://openalex.org/W6682997041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891287906","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2058170566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"Our":[3,176],"society's":[4],"information":[5,16,23],"technology":[6],"advancements":[7],"have":[8,19,214],"resulted":[9],"in":[10,35,131,154],"the":[11,36,50,62,85,95,110,119,231],"increasingly":[12],"problematic":[13],"issue":[14,120],"of":[15,38,54,89,97,107,121,184,219],"overload\u2014i.e.,":[17],"we":[18,25,43,83,150,196,213],"more":[20,32],"access":[21,45],"to":[22,76,81,92,103,134,169,203],"than":[24,34],"can":[26,44],"possibly":[27],"process.":[28],"This":[29],"is":[30,129],"nowhere":[31],"apparent":[33],"volume":[37,106],"imagery":[39,204],"and":[40,57,79,123,164,224,228],"video":[41,56,70],"that":[42,87],"on":[46,118],"a":[47,171,206],"daily":[48],"basis\u2014for":[49],"general":[51],"public,":[52],"availability":[53],"YouTube":[55],"Google":[58],"Images,":[59],"or":[60,71],"for":[61,173,181,200,216,230],"image":[63,174],"analysis":[64],"professional":[65],"tasked":[66],"with":[67],"searching":[68],"security":[69],"satellite":[72],"reconnaissance.":[73],"Which":[74],"images":[75,86],"look":[77],"at":[78],"how":[80],"ensure":[82],"see":[84],"are":[88,100,188,198],"most":[90],"interest":[91],"us,":[93],"begs":[94],"question":[96],"whether":[98],"there":[99],"smart":[101],"ways":[102],"triage":[104],"this":[105,148,217],"imagery.":[108,125],"Over":[109],"past":[111],"decade,":[112],"computer":[113,127,162,222],"vision":[114,128,163,166,223],"research":[115],"has":[116],"focused":[117],"ranking":[122],"indexing":[124],"However,":[126],"limited":[130],"its":[132],"ability":[133],"identify":[135],"interesting":[136],"imagery,":[137],"particularly":[138],"as":[139,168],"\u201cinteresting\u201d":[140],"might":[141],"be":[142],"defined":[143],"by":[144],"an":[145],"individual.":[146],"In":[147],"paper":[149],"describe":[151,210],"our":[152],"efforts":[153],"developing":[155],"brain\u2013computer":[156],"interfaces":[157],"(BCIs)":[158],"which":[159,187],"synergistically":[160],"integrate":[161],"human":[165],"so":[167],"construct":[170],"system":[172],"triage.":[175],"approach":[177],"exploits":[178],"machine":[179],"learning":[180],"real-time":[182],"decoding":[183],"brain":[185],"signals":[186,195],"recorded":[189],"noninvasively":[190],"via":[191],"electroencephalography":[192],"(EEG).":[193],"The":[194],"decode":[197],"specific":[199],"events":[201],"related":[202],"attracting":[205],"user's":[207],"attention.":[208],"We":[209],"two":[211],"architectures":[212],"developed":[215],"type":[218],"cortically":[220],"coupled":[221],"discuss":[225],"potential":[226],"applications":[227],"challenges":[229],"future.":[232],"</para>":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}