{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323519403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.131.2200394","title":"Everyone-Centric Heterogeneous Multi-Server Computation Offloading in ITS with Pervasive AI","display_name":"Everyone-Centric Heterogeneous Multi-Server Computation Offloading in ITS with Pervasive AI","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323519403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.131.2200394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.131.2200394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.131.2200394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715151","display_name":"Xiaoqin Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-3083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China","Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008013136","display_name":"Bowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-8493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China","Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103248844","display_name":"Xinting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8150-6967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China","Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037600623","display_name":"Shumo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3782-9950"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022040924","display_name":"Tiecheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-0179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090971","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf0ab87","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["BD","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiecheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University,China","Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877","https://openalex.org/I4210090971"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072780737","display_name":"Guoliang Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-7751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoliang Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,China","The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453028","display_name":"Fang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-3878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,China","The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101715151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89138213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"62","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8961737751960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6645417809486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.606316328048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5989104509353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5847299695014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5489367842674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5289357304573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.520878791809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4864223003387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23405686020851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17712202668190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.17478260397911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12471473217010498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8961737751960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6645417809486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.606316328048706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5989104509353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5847299695014954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5489367842674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5289357304573059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.520878791809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4864223003387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23405686020851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17712202668190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.17478260397911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12471473217010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mnet.131.2200394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mnet.131.2200394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186584794","display_name":"IEEE Network","issn_l":"0890-8044","issn":["0890-8044","1558-156X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Network","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3281299522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345137574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1600104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2781935635","https://openalex.org/W2952142122","https://openalex.org/W2954039338","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W2972088616","https://openalex.org/W2978955357","https://openalex.org/W2979096292","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3081708644","https://openalex.org/W3134843574","https://openalex.org/W3178964360","https://openalex.org/W3183931182","https://openalex.org/W4287890958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105","https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W3200145713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"challenges":[1],"of":[2,38,58,86,177],"everyone-centric":[3],"customized":[4,84],"end-to-end":[5],"(E2E)":[6],"service":[7],"experience":[8],"are":[9,156],"spurring":[10],"the":[11,15,36,50,108,143,150,160,169,173],"worldwide":[12],"interests":[13],"on":[14,120],"sixth-generation":[16],"(6G)":[17],"networks.":[18],"Nevertheless,":[19],"in":[20],"current":[21],"intelligent":[22],"transportation":[23],"systems":[24],"(ITS),":[25],"fixed":[26],"roadside":[27],"units":[28],"(RSUs)":[29],"based":[30,100,119],"multi-access":[31],"edge":[32],"computing":[33],"(MEC)":[34],"has":[35],"defects":[37],"poor":[39],"flexibility,":[40],"unbalanced":[41],"utilization":[42],"and":[43,55,75,95,111,146,153,168,175],"high":[44],"deployment":[45],"cost,":[46],"which":[47],"cannot":[48],"meet":[49],"diverse":[51],"requirements":[52,85],"for":[53,83],"computation-intensive":[54],"latency-sensitive":[56],"Internet":[57],"vehicles":[59],"(IoV)":[60],"services.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"article,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"a":[67,115],"novel":[68],"MEC":[69],"architecture":[70,152],"with":[71],"multiple":[72],"heterogeneous":[73],"servers":[74],"pervasive":[76],"intelligence":[77],"to":[78,106,125,135,141,158],"provide":[79],"computation":[80],"offloading":[81,109,117,127],"cooperatively":[82],"task":[87],"vehicle":[88],"users":[89],"(TVUs).":[90],"A":[91,163],"potential":[92],"game":[93,121],"theory":[94,122],"federated":[96,131,154],"deep":[97,138],"reinforcement":[98],"learning":[99,132],"approach,":[101],"namely":[102],"GT-FDRL,":[103],"is":[104,123,133,166],"proposed":[105,179],"decouple":[107],"decision":[110],"resource":[112],"allocation.":[113,148],"First,":[114],"binary":[116],"model":[118],"utilized":[124],"make":[126],"decisions.":[128],"Secondly,":[129],"horizontal":[130],"introduced":[134],"multi-agent":[136],"double":[137],"Q-network":[139],"(DDQN)":[140],"optimize":[142],"channel":[144],"assignment":[145],"power":[147],"Furthermore,":[149],"client-server":[151],"aggregation":[155],"used":[157],"maintain":[159],"global":[161],"model.":[162],"case":[164],"study":[165],"presented":[167],"simulation":[170],"results":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"effectiveness":[174],"robustness":[176],"our":[178],"approach.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}