{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2037776979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2409024","title":"Automated Vessel Segmentation Using Infinite Perimeter Active Contour Model with Hybrid Region Information with Application to Retinal Images","display_name":"Automated Vessel Segmentation Using Infinite Perimeter Active Contour Model with Hybrid Region Information with Application to Retinal Images","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2037776979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2409024","mag":"2037776979","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25769147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2015.2409024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2409024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/7229384/07055281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/7229384/07055281.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057905491","display_name":"Yitian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-4592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yitian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom","School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042797231","display_name":"Lavdie Rada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-4962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128277893","display_name":"Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yze4d93","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128277893"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lavdie Rada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128277893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452006","display_name":"Ke Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-6623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072357388","display_name":"Simon Harding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-1158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon P. Harding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081186911","display_name":"Yalin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-0922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yalin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057905491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":1516,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1635},"fwci":29.1165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":399,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99860226,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"9","first_page":"1797","last_page":"1807"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7493407726287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6877549290657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-contour-model","display_name":"Active contour model","score":0.647147536277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6138941049575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5602942109107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5345256924629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5008280277252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47896602749824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hausdorff-distance","display_name":"Hausdorff distance","score":0.44338271021842957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7493407726287842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6877549290657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112353826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127313","display_name":"Active contour model","level":4,"score":0.647147536277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6138941049575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5602942109107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5345256924629211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5008280277252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47896602749824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141898687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501997","display_name":"Hausdorff distance","level":2,"score":0.44338271021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000792","descriptor_name":"Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000792","descriptor_name":"Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000792","descriptor_name":"Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2015.2409024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2409024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/7229384/07055281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25769147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25769147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:87318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1536981.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/87318/1/Zhao-etal-IEEE-TMI-2015-Automated-vessel-segmentation-using-infinite-perimeter-active-contour-model.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2015.2409024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2015.2409024","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/42/7229384/07055281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4362778620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"092668/Z/10/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307874","funder_display_name":"Wellcome"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6684904542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"092668/Z/10/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G742166611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K036939/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307874","display_name":"Wellcome","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037776979.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2037776979.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32702003","https://openalex.org/W1974954013","https://openalex.org/W1979393293","https://openalex.org/W2004747602","https://openalex.org/W2020898814","https://openalex.org/W2044880603","https://openalex.org/W2045227075","https://openalex.org/W2051578148","https://openalex.org/W2069951134","https://openalex.org/W2074640356","https://openalex.org/W2078239496","https://openalex.org/W2083467426","https://openalex.org/W2092266133","https://openalex.org/W2096301059","https://openalex.org/W2100072940","https://openalex.org/W2104195344","https://openalex.org/W2108764134","https://openalex.org/W2109037308","https://openalex.org/W2116040950","https://openalex.org/W2116628223","https://openalex.org/W2118548945","https://openalex.org/W2119399382","https://openalex.org/W2121913681","https://openalex.org/W2123303981","https://openalex.org/W2123434300","https://openalex.org/W2128457244","https://openalex.org/W2129534965","https://openalex.org/W2132513126","https://openalex.org/W2135269154","https://openalex.org/W2139005425","https://openalex.org/W2139478903","https://openalex.org/W2140776918","https://openalex.org/W2147723609","https://openalex.org/W2148284840","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2152990105","https://openalex.org/W2153392724","https://openalex.org/W2163344010","https://openalex.org/W2166524747","https://openalex.org/W2168005337","https://openalex.org/W2169937061","https://openalex.org/W2170092083","https://openalex.org/W2171459511","https://openalex.org/W2254176045","https://openalex.org/W2316348143","https://openalex.org/W3163200468","https://openalex.org/W6679367408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136359393","https://openalex.org/W2387003628","https://openalex.org/W3125779006","https://openalex.org/W3197673523","https://openalex.org/W3047746737","https://openalex.org/W4287691568","https://openalex.org/W1522196789","https://openalex.org/W2885157826","https://openalex.org/W2159463658","https://openalex.org/W4388208420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"detection":[1,61],"of":[2,8,14,33,52,56,62,75,95,99,106,146,161,206],"blood":[3],"vessel":[4,128],"structures":[5,66],"is":[6,121],"becoming":[7],"crucial":[9],"interest":[10],"for":[11,59,84,123],"better":[12,60,85],"management":[13],"vascular":[15],"disease.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18,38],"paper,":[19],"we":[20],"propose":[21],"a":[22,76,138],"new":[23],"infinite":[24,43],"active":[25],"contour":[26],"model":[27,91,149,172],"that":[28],"uses":[29],"hybrid":[30],"region":[31,100],"information":[32,108,135],"the":[34,53,68,73,89,93,104,131,144,147,188,198,207],"image":[35,133,157],"to":[36,153,204],"approach":[37],"problem.":[39],"More":[40],"specifically,":[41],"an":[42],"perimeter":[44],"regularizer,":[45],"provided":[46],"by":[47,150],"using":[48,96],"L(2)":[49],"Lebesgue":[50],"measure":[51],"\u03b3":[54],"-neighborhood":[55],"boundaries,":[57],"allows":[58],"small":[63],"oscillatory":[64],"(branching)":[65],"than":[67],"traditional":[69],"models":[70],"based":[71,112,118],"on":[72,197],"length":[74],"feature's":[77,140],"boundaries":[78],"(i.e.,":[79],"H(1)":[80],"Hausdorff":[81],"measure).":[82],"Moreover,":[83],"general":[86],"segmentation":[87],"performance,":[88],"proposed":[90,148,171],"takes":[92],"advantage":[94],"different":[97],"types":[98],"information,":[101],"such":[102],"as":[103],"combination":[105],"intensity":[107,134],"and":[109,165,183,193],"local":[110,116],"phase":[111,117],"enhancement":[113,119],"map.":[114],"The":[115,170],"map":[120],"used":[122,181],"its":[124,174],"superiority":[125],"in":[126],"preserving":[127],"edges":[129],"while":[130],"given":[132],"will":[136],"guarantee":[137],"correct":[139],"segmentation.":[141],"We":[142],"evaluate":[143],"performance":[145],"applying":[151],"it":[152],"three":[154],"public":[155],"retinal":[156],"datasets":[158,160],"(two":[159],"color":[162],"fundus":[163],"photography":[164],"one":[166],"fluorescein":[167],"angiography":[168],"dataset).":[169],"outperforms":[173],"competitors":[175],"when":[176],"compared":[177],"with":[178],"other":[179],"widely":[180],"unsupervised":[182],"supervised":[184],"methods.":[185],"For":[186],"example,":[187],"sensitivity":[189],"(0.742),":[190],"specificity":[191],"(0.982)":[192],"accuracy":[194],"(0.954)":[195],"achieved":[196],"DRIVE":[199],"dataset":[200],"are":[201],"very":[202],"close":[203],"those":[205],"second":[208],"observer's":[209],"annotations.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}