{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194071981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2021.3107367","title":"Event-Triggered Optimal Control for the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor System","display_name":"Event-Triggered Optimal Control for the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194071981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2021.3107367","mag":"3194071981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2021.3107367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2021.3107367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773770","display_name":"Wei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-726X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168337820","display_name":"Chongqing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03n3v6d52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-726X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620233","display_name":"Jun Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-6620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168337820","display_name":"Chongqing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03n3v6d52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003431936","display_name":"Lizhong Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-9349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168337820","display_name":"Chongqing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03n3v6d52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhong Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-9349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101543486","display_name":"Guorong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-014X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168337820","display_name":"Chongqing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03n3v6d52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guorong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Technology and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100773770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168337820"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91422405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"228","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10675","display_name":"Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-stirred-tank-reactor","display_name":"Continuous stirred-tank reactor","score":0.9541909694671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7543423175811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.7001869678497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5011119842529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.47966885566711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.4633612632751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4482173025608063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4385571777820587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4330250024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41852355003356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4143250584602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.41199544072151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.38419800996780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34562402963638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.28775355219841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1603390872478485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15710601210594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10500383377075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10206595063209534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67334161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457904","display_name":"Continuous stirred-tank reactor","level":2,"score":0.9541909694671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7543423175811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.7001869678497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5011119842529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.47966885566711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.4633612632751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4482173025608063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4385571777820587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4330250024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41852355003356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4143250584602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.41199544072151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.38419800996780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34562402963638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28775355219841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1603390872478485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15710601210594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10500383377075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10206595063209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tai.2021.3107367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tai.2021.3107367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169448","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2691-4581","issn":["2691-4581"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2851736324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51805059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5106847063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573503290","https://openalex.org/W1891098503","https://openalex.org/W1978518835","https://openalex.org/W2032736119","https://openalex.org/W2060992176","https://openalex.org/W2072627105","https://openalex.org/W2093831009","https://openalex.org/W2104843094","https://openalex.org/W2110905806","https://openalex.org/W2114669221","https://openalex.org/W2124829859","https://openalex.org/W2148439597","https://openalex.org/W2150841368","https://openalex.org/W2291165559","https://openalex.org/W2320262435","https://openalex.org/W2332672415","https://openalex.org/W2464333320","https://openalex.org/W2473265833","https://openalex.org/W2480536132","https://openalex.org/W2515370279","https://openalex.org/W2518470966","https://openalex.org/W2605603065","https://openalex.org/W2802027610","https://openalex.org/W2810912845","https://openalex.org/W2884094885","https://openalex.org/W2888132296","https://openalex.org/W2892583524","https://openalex.org/W2902820720","https://openalex.org/W2906221518","https://openalex.org/W2951840178","https://openalex.org/W2969235832","https://openalex.org/W2990539589","https://openalex.org/W2999249770","https://openalex.org/W3003594828","https://openalex.org/W3014535293","https://openalex.org/W3135757144","https://openalex.org/W3209518740","https://openalex.org/W6634288218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285537323","https://openalex.org/W2379312070","https://openalex.org/W2136173754","https://openalex.org/W4377299729","https://openalex.org/W2332086753","https://openalex.org/W2953025626","https://openalex.org/W2499081552","https://openalex.org/W2110050003","https://openalex.org/W2241910713","https://openalex.org/W2366053282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"stirred":[1],"tank":[2],"reactor":[3],"(CSTR)is":[4],"essential":[5],"equipment":[6],"found":[7],"in":[8],"chemical":[9,33],"processing":[10],"industries.":[11],"Control":[12],"of":[13,31,112,137],"the":[14,25,32,52,57,61,65,68,76,83,87,91,98,106,109,113,127,135,143,155,164,171,176,189,196,200,208,215,222,232],"CSTR":[15,53,144,209,234],"process":[16],"has":[17],"long":[18],"been":[19],"a":[20,38,70],"challenging":[21],"issue":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,125,133,153,169,207,225],"high":[26],"complexity":[27],"and":[28,60,67,175,181,192],"strong":[29],"nonlinearity":[30],"process.":[34],"In":[35,131,179],"this":[36],"article,":[37],"novel":[39,71,88],"event-triggered":[40],"(ET)":[41],"adaptive":[42],"dynamic":[43,141,158],"programming":[44],"(ADP)":[45],"optimal":[46],"control":[47,92,173],"algorithm":[48],"is":[49,80,101,123,151,167,205,228],"developed":[50,124,168,201,216],"for":[51,82,142,231],"system.":[54,210,235],"To":[55],"reduce":[56],"computational":[58],"load":[59],"communication":[62],"data":[63],"between":[64],"controller":[66,114,204],"actuator,":[69],"event-triggering":[72,89,99],"condition":[73,100],"based":[74,159],"on":[75,160],"Taylor":[77],"series":[78],"expansion":[79],"designed":[81],"ET":[84,128,172,202,217],"controller.":[85,130],"With":[86],"condition,":[90],"policy":[93],"does":[94],"not":[95,102],"update":[96,110,223],"unless":[97],"satisfied.":[103],"Compared":[104],"with":[105],"time-triggering":[107],"mechanism,":[108],"frequency":[111,224],"can":[115,219],"be":[116],"obviously":[117],"reduced.":[118],"Then,":[119],"an":[120,139,146],"identifer\u2013actor\u2013critic":[121],"structure":[122,166],"implement":[126],"ADP":[129,203],"particular,":[132],"overcome":[134],"challenge":[136],"establishing":[138],"exact":[140],"system,":[145],"identifier":[147],"neural":[148],"network":[149],"(NN)":[150],"employed":[152],"reconstruct":[154],"unknown":[156],"system":[157],"offline":[161],"data.":[162],"Furthermore,":[163],"actor\u2013critic":[165],"obtain":[170],"law":[174],"value":[177],"function.":[178],"actor":[180],"critic":[182],"NNs,":[183],"weights":[184],"are":[185],"turned":[186],"just":[187],"at":[188],"triggered":[190],"instant":[191],"remained":[193],"constant":[194],"during":[195],"interevent":[197],"times.":[198],"Finally,":[199],"applied":[206],"Experimental":[211],"results":[212],"show":[213],"that":[214],"approach":[218],"cut":[220],"down":[221],"66%,":[226],"which":[227],"very":[229],"significant":[230],"real":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}