{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916391703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2897497","title":"ROBIN: Monolithic-3D SRAM for Enhanced Robustness with In-Memory Computation Support","display_name":"ROBIN: Monolithic-3D SRAM for Enhanced Robustness with In-Memory Computation Support","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916391703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2897497","mag":"2916391703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2897497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2897497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066731099","display_name":"Srivatsa Srinivasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-6642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Srivatsa Rangachar Srinivasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-6642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063414404","display_name":"Akshay Krishna Ramanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3789-7790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Krishna Ramanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764674","display_name":"Xueqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-3345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-3345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743982","display_name":"Wei-Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2787-3088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044276472","display_name":"Sumeet Kumar Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumeet Kumar Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023225287","display_name":"Meng\u2010Fan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng-Fan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085567454","display_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-490X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014048994","display_name":"Jack Sampson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Sampson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101919131","display_name":"Vijaykrishnan Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6266-6068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijaykrishnan Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6266-6068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066731099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88464963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"7","first_page":"2533","last_page":"2545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xnor-gate","display_name":"XNOR gate","score":0.8536134958267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.851216197013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7265351414680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6915321350097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nand-gate","display_name":"NAND gate","score":0.5235647559165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5034491419792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.45365726947784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.44159021973609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.4285741150379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.42453616857528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.36957234144210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.25031352043151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1319507658481598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12574338912963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12168076634407043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57684291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1336142","display_name":"XNOR gate","level":4,"score":0.8536134958267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.851216197013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265351414680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6915321350097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124296912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575178","display_name":"NAND gate","level":3,"score":0.5235647559165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5034491419792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.45365726947784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.44159021973609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.4285741150379181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.42453616857528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.36957234144210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.25031352043151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1319507658481598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12574338912963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12168076634407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2897497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2897497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2120408128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1317560","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4101446553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE-1723687","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5806313514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-722557","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8465995287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D15AP00089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8660805891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1718474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981220134","https://openalex.org/W2015907089","https://openalex.org/W2058490651","https://openalex.org/W2082375193","https://openalex.org/W2094332102","https://openalex.org/W2101865620","https://openalex.org/W2112980698","https://openalex.org/W2129960401","https://openalex.org/W2136268150","https://openalex.org/W2146704626","https://openalex.org/W2149373426","https://openalex.org/W2149949040","https://openalex.org/W2509960745","https://openalex.org/W2574398399","https://openalex.org/W2613569094","https://openalex.org/W2738297527","https://openalex.org/W2745308777","https://openalex.org/W2775637085","https://openalex.org/W2784309942","https://openalex.org/W2785609473","https://openalex.org/W2790511620","https://openalex.org/W2888422814","https://openalex.org/W6671305378","https://openalex.org/W6732076682","https://openalex.org/W6748967906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2809950606","https://openalex.org/W3046969929","https://openalex.org/W2069684819","https://openalex.org/W2347708070","https://openalex.org/W2033342070","https://openalex.org/W2086344757","https://openalex.org/W3200424893","https://openalex.org/W4378374359","https://openalex.org/W2332558089","https://openalex.org/W2070216313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,90],"present":[1],"a":[2,7,146],"novel":[3],"3D-SRAM":[4],"cells":[5],"using":[6],"monolithic":[8],"3D":[9],"integration":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12],"realizing":[13],"both":[14],"robustness":[15],"of":[16,32,86,118],"the":[17,36,69,83,93,104,112,116,121,166],"cell":[18,28,61,122],"and":[19,53,76,80,102,130],"in-memory":[20],"Boolean":[21],"logic":[22,47,78],"computing":[23,151,164],"capability.":[24],"The":[25],"proposed":[26,88],"two-layer":[27],"designs":[29],"make":[30],"use":[31],"additional":[33],"transistors":[34],"over":[35,141],"SRAM":[37,97,113,144],"layer":[38],"to":[39,163],"enable":[40,56],"assist":[41,75,94],"techniques":[42,95],"as":[43,45,50,161],"well":[44],"provide":[46,66],"functions":[48],"(such":[49],"AND/NAND,":[51],"OR/NOR,":[52],"XNOR/XOR)":[54],"or":[55],"content":[57],"addressability":[58],"without":[59],"degrading":[60],"density.":[62],"Through":[63],"analysis,":[64],"we":[65,81],"insights":[67],"into":[68],"benefits":[70],"provided":[71],"by":[72,100,107,139],"three":[73],"memory":[74,167],"two":[77],"modes,":[79],"evaluate":[82],"energy":[84,133,157],"efficiency":[85],"our":[87],"design.":[89],"show":[91],"that":[92],"improve":[96],"read":[98],"stability":[99],"2.2\u00d7":[101],"increase":[103],"write":[105],"margin":[106],"17.6%":[108],"while":[109],"staying":[110],"within":[111],"footprint.":[114],"By":[115],"virtue":[117],"increased":[119],"robustness,":[120],"enables":[123],"seamless":[124],"operation":[125],"at":[126],"lower":[127],"supply":[128],"voltages;":[129],"thereby,":[131],"ensures":[132],"efficiency.":[134],"Energy":[135],"delay":[136],"product":[137],"reduces":[138],"1.6\u00d7":[140],"standard":[142],"6T":[143],"with":[145],"faster":[147],"data":[148],"access.":[149],"When":[150],"bulk":[152],"In-memory":[153],"operations,":[154],"6.5":[155],"\u00d7":[156],"saving":[158],"is":[159],"achieved":[160],"compared":[162],"outside":[165],"system.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}