{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209412357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3121680","title":"Stage-Aware Feature Alignment Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Street Scenes","display_name":"Stage-Aware Feature Alignment Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation of Street Scenes","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209412357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3121680","mag":"3209412357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3121680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3121680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.04031","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027545277","display_name":"Xi Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-688X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xi Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-688X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395059","display_name":"Yan Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-7160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-7160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073464445","display_name":"Si Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5631-7942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5631-7942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079361172","display_name":"Jing\u2010Hao Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-610X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Hao Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-610X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044594971","display_name":"Hanzi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-9786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanzi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6913-9786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027545277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96414549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"7","first_page":"4444","last_page":"4459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8233072757720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7343460321426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6680215001106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.650905966758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6099124550819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5620436072349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-feature","display_name":"Semantic feature","score":0.5263612866401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5036484599113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.50058913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41868484020233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36422616243362427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8233072757720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7343460321426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6680215001106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.650905966758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6099124550819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5620436072349548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.5263612866401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5036484599113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.50058913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41868484020233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36422616243362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3121680","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2021.3121680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115173108","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","issn_l":"1051-8215","issn":["1051-8215","1558-2205"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2203.04031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.04031","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.04031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10140454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10140454/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology     p. 1.   (2021)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2203.04031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.04031","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.04031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2143830251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020J01001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6528361795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8044447001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021J011185","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8055606312","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2171943915","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2741701287","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2762439315","https://openalex.org/W2791392402","https://openalex.org/W2793132020","https://openalex.org/W2799018616","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2921495890","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963418739","https://openalex.org/W2963419596","https://openalex.org/W2963516811","https://openalex.org/W2963782415","https://openalex.org/W2963794428","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963890956","https://openalex.org/W2964217532","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2965380104","https://openalex.org/W2971198903","https://openalex.org/W2981689412","https://openalex.org/W2997563949","https://openalex.org/W2999972254","https://openalex.org/W3011301260","https://openalex.org/W3011933327","https://openalex.org/W3023138874","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3034926724","https://openalex.org/W3035656430","https://openalex.org/W3040304705","https://openalex.org/W3048402753","https://openalex.org/W3093591919","https://openalex.org/W3100271703","https://openalex.org/W3109301572","https://openalex.org/W3110440461","https://openalex.org/W3133630855","https://openalex.org/W3196904463","https://openalex.org/W4234117503","https://openalex.org/W4251033893","https://openalex.org/W4289751823","https://openalex.org/W4293406525","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4308909683","https://openalex.org/W4309845474","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6717372056","https://openalex.org/W6730845260","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6753396716","https://openalex.org/W6754123467","https://openalex.org/W6766273390","https://openalex.org/W6774377731","https://openalex.org/W6774585302","https://openalex.org/W6776044926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4390516098","https://openalex.org/W2181948922","https://openalex.org/W2384362569","https://openalex.org/W2142795561","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W4205302943","https://openalex.org/W2561132942","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W3155418658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,28,42,47,52,57,63,79,96,127,133,140,162,172,194,204,211,255],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"deep":[5],"convolutional":[6],"neural":[7],"network-based":[8],"methods":[9,22],"have":[10],"made":[11],"great":[12],"progress":[13],"in":[14,51,139],"semantic":[15,29,101,224],"segmentation":[16,36,102,225],"of":[17,60,62,103,122,136,158,226,241,248],"street":[18,104,227],"scenes.":[19,105,228],"Some":[20],"recent":[21],"align":[23,116],"feature":[24,43,66,123,159],"maps":[25,124,160],"to":[26,69,115,151,170,191],"alleviate":[27,193],"gap":[30],"between":[31,218],"them":[32],"and":[33,54,117,155,179,220,238,251,258],"achieve":[34],"high":[35],"accuracy.":[37],"However,":[38],"they":[39],"usually":[40],"adopt":[41],"alignment":[44],"modules":[45],"with":[46,175],"same":[48],"network":[49],"configuration":[50],"decoder":[53,64,72,182],"thus":[55],"ignore":[56],"different":[58],"roles":[59],"stages":[61],"during":[65,203],"aggregation,":[67],"leading":[68],"a":[70,75,87,107,142,176,215,265],"complex":[71],"structure.":[73,183],"Such":[74],"manner":[76],"greatly":[77],"affects":[78],"inference":[80,205,246],"speed.":[81],"In":[82,126,164,229],"this":[83,165],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,167],"present":[86],"novel":[88,143],"Stage-aware":[89,108],"Feature":[90,109,145],"Alignment":[91,110],"Network":[92],"(SFANet)":[93],"based":[94,231],"on":[95,232,254],"encoder-decoder":[97],"structure":[98],"for":[99,222],"real-time":[100,223],"Specifically,":[106],"module":[111],"(SFA)":[112],"is":[113,149,189],"proposed":[114,212],"aggregate":[118],"two":[119],"adjacent":[120],"levels":[121],"effectively.":[125],"SFA,":[128],"by":[129,262],"taking":[130],"into":[131],"account":[132],"unique":[134],"role":[135],"each":[137],"stage":[138],"decoder,":[141],"stage-aware":[144],"Enhancement":[146],"Block":[147],"(FEB)":[148],"designed":[150],"enhance":[152],"spatial":[153],"details":[154],"contextual":[156],"information":[157],"from":[161],"encoder.":[163],"way,":[166],"are":[168],"able":[169],"address":[171],"misalignment":[173],"problem":[174,197],"very":[177],"simple":[178],"efficient":[180],"multi-branch":[181],"Moreover,":[184],"an":[185],"auxiliary":[186],"training":[187],"strategy":[188],"developed":[190],"explicitly":[192],"multi-scale":[195],"object":[196],"without":[198],"bringing":[199],"additional":[200],"computational":[201],"costs":[202],"phase.":[206],"Experimental":[207],"results":[208],"show":[209],"that":[210],"SFANet":[213,234],"exhibits":[214],"good":[216],"balance":[217],"accuracy":[219],"speed":[221],"particular,":[230],"ResNet-18,":[233],"respectively":[235],"obtains":[236],"78.1%":[237],"74.7%":[239],"mean":[240],"class-wise":[242],"Intersection-over-Union":[243],"(mIoU)":[244],"at":[245],"speeds":[247],"37":[249],"FPS":[250,253],"96":[252],"challenging":[256],"Cityscapes":[257],"CamVid":[259],"test":[260],"datasets":[261],"using":[263],"only":[264],"single":[266],"GTX":[267],"1080Ti":[268],"GPU.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}