{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969700220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934796","title":"Improving the Robustness of Scagnostics","display_name":"Improving the Robustness of Scagnostics","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969700220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934796","mag":"2969700220","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31443018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068526974","display_name":"Yunhai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-6580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunhai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108254488","display_name":"Zeyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0619-3635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University","Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102864747","display_name":"Tingting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-275X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036300289","display_name":"Michael Correll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-3907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163771","display_name":"Tableau Software (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053v5e348","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163771"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Correll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tableau Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tableau Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163771"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005647036","display_name":"Zhanglin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3360-2679"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanglin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036489223","display_name":"Oliver Deu\u00dfen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-2185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Deussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Konstanz University, Germany","Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Konstanz University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen VisuCA Key Lab, SIAT, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037110552","display_name":"Michael Sedlmair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-9292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Sedlmair","raw_affiliation_strings":["VISUS, University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VISUS, University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068526974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87256609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"759","last_page":"769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13398","display_name":"Data Analysis with R","score":0.9333000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.8687306642532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7454543113708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5187549591064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47046101093292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4368148744106293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40714603662490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3821936845779419}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.8687306642532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7454543113708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5187549591064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47046101093292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4368148744106293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40714603662490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3821936845779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84775595","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","issn_l":"1077-2626","issn":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31443018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31443018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6401459825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"251654672","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7234438289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8176060370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61861136012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W646847456","https://openalex.org/W1489273657","https://openalex.org/W1494010375","https://openalex.org/W1528886457","https://openalex.org/W1912832475","https://openalex.org/W1927933524","https://openalex.org/W1936332489","https://openalex.org/W1949897911","https://openalex.org/W1964874934","https://openalex.org/W1965305253","https://openalex.org/W1977810187","https://openalex.org/W2002008002","https://openalex.org/W2013799749","https://openalex.org/W2015755066","https://openalex.org/W2016016887","https://openalex.org/W2025661610","https://openalex.org/W2027714334","https://openalex.org/W2037432955","https://openalex.org/W2043523210","https://openalex.org/W2045831561","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2060669545","https://openalex.org/W2061455250","https://openalex.org/W2072877984","https://openalex.org/W2085466647","https://openalex.org/W2096080031","https://openalex.org/W2097181344","https://openalex.org/W2099837874","https://openalex.org/W2109727435","https://openalex.org/W2119452648","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2131340577","https://openalex.org/W2132631291","https://openalex.org/W2136435231","https://openalex.org/W2137224043","https://openalex.org/W2157379557","https://openalex.org/W2163965546","https://openalex.org/W2176484213","https://openalex.org/W2319794630","https://openalex.org/W2346476940","https://openalex.org/W2395911969","https://openalex.org/W2485962973","https://openalex.org/W2503072324","https://openalex.org/W2732575184","https://openalex.org/W2752257752","https://openalex.org/W2815307792","https://openalex.org/W2888128203","https://openalex.org/W2958488638","https://openalex.org/W2960826148","https://openalex.org/W3011730451","https://openalex.org/W3114932062","https://openalex.org/W3148857070","https://openalex.org/W4233110100","https://openalex.org/W4239908238","https://openalex.org/W4248955066","https://openalex.org/W4251002338","https://openalex.org/W4399583343","https://openalex.org/W6675170159","https://openalex.org/W6787907487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W3124914020","https://openalex.org/W2086397253","https://openalex.org/W2141033859","https://openalex.org/W2077542787","https://openalex.org/W2133122801","https://openalex.org/W2156434174","https://openalex.org/W2071701083","https://openalex.org/W2383687187","https://openalex.org/W2070401501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,18,63,108],"examine":[4],"the":[5,20,82,93,130,145],"robustness":[6,131],"of":[7,12,22,60,81,95,121,132],"scagnostics":[8,23],"through":[9],"a":[10,65,118],"series":[11],"theoretical":[13],"and":[14,33,43,91,102,140],"empirical":[15],"studies.":[16],"First,":[17],"investigate":[19],"sensitivity":[21],"by":[24,105,113],"employing":[25],"perturbing":[26],"operations":[27],"on":[28,99,129],"more":[29],"than":[30],"60M":[31],"synthetic":[32],"real-world":[34],"scatterplots.":[35],"We":[36],"found":[37],"that":[38,72,84,126],"two":[39],"scagnostic":[40,147],"measures,":[41,90],"Outlying":[42],"Clumpy,":[44],"are":[45,75],"overly":[46],"sensitive":[47,77],"to":[48,78],"data":[49,83],"binning.":[50],"To":[51],"understand":[52],"how":[53],"these":[54,106],"measures":[55],"align":[56],"with":[57,67,117,137],"human":[58,138],"judgments":[59],"visual":[61],"features,":[62],"conducted":[64],"study":[66],"24":[68],"participants,":[69],"which":[70],"reveals":[71],"i)":[73],"humans":[74],"not":[76],"small":[79],"perturbations":[80],"cause":[85],"large":[86],"changes":[87],"in":[88],"both":[89],"ii)":[92],"perception":[94],"clumpiness":[96],"heavily":[97],"depends":[98],"per-cluster":[100],"topologies":[101],"structures.":[103],"Motivated":[104],"results,":[107],"propose":[109],"Robust":[110],"Scagnostics":[111],"(RScag)":[112],"combining":[114],"adaptive":[115],"binning":[116],"hierarchy-based":[119],"form":[120],"scagnostics.":[122],"An":[123],"analysis":[124],"shows":[125],"RScag":[127],"improves":[128],"original":[133],"scagnostics,":[134],"aligns":[135],"better":[136],"judgments,":[139],"is":[141],"equally":[142],"fast":[143],"as":[144],"traditional":[146],"measures.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
