{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417508383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3643124","title":"Riding Over Two-Way Carrier: A Dual-Sided RIS-Enabled Symbiotic Backscatter System","display_name":"Riding Over Two-Way Carrier: A Dual-Sided RIS-Enabled Symbiotic Backscatter System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417508383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3643124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3643124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3643124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111311789","display_name":"Xiaoyi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0851-2625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7817-1984","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085315242","display_name":"Haiyang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-5216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-5216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015911360","display_name":"Gang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3959-4761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3959-4761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015335741","display_name":"Maged Elkashlan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-0160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maged Elkashlan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5168-0160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049894961","display_name":"Jules M. Moualeu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-1931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jules M. Moualeu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-1931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333209","display_name":"Xiaofeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-9717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Support Force Engineering University, Wuhan, China","School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6199-9717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Support Force Engineering University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111311789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77493235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"9246","last_page":"9263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.8578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5568000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42829999327659607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.8578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6736999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5568000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.33180001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86024645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795632","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","level":4,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2025.3643124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2025.3643124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/212493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/212493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1810414518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3340420827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2EP50124-0032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G531055343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987380770","https://openalex.org/W2040824660","https://openalex.org/W2079882399","https://openalex.org/W2135328009","https://openalex.org/W2158342661","https://openalex.org/W2320115123","https://openalex.org/W2775135700","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2962732150","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2981174761","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2998509114","https://openalex.org/W3012255535","https://openalex.org/W3023949112","https://openalex.org/W3041878473","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3134538157","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3163967602","https://openalex.org/W3165173280","https://openalex.org/W4285122328","https://openalex.org/W4285172132","https://openalex.org/W4285217804","https://openalex.org/W4289827291","https://openalex.org/W4293370822","https://openalex.org/W4312398955","https://openalex.org/W4312847278","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4317042424","https://openalex.org/W4320029365","https://openalex.org/W4320067087","https://openalex.org/W4376480576","https://openalex.org/W4382118983","https://openalex.org/W4385804969","https://openalex.org/W4385945562","https://openalex.org/W4385992376","https://openalex.org/W4386921323","https://openalex.org/W4389779024","https://openalex.org/W4399110231","https://openalex.org/W4401326387","https://openalex.org/W4402159424","https://openalex.org/W4403534948","https://openalex.org/W4405180061","https://openalex.org/W4410583170","https://openalex.org/W4416557427"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,51,84,99],"investigate":[4],"a":[5,12,44,53,59,158],"two-way":[6,68],"backscatter":[7,46,74,92,159],"communication":[8,69,117],"system":[9,70,88],"assisted":[10],"by":[11,156],"dual-sided":[13,66,96,176],"reconfigurable":[14],"intelligent":[15],"surface":[16],"(RIS)":[17],"which":[18],"consists":[19],"of":[20,114,144,174],"active":[21],"or":[22],"passive":[23],"elements.":[24],"By":[25],"altering":[26],"the":[27,64,73,79,86,95,101,111,115,134,139,149,163,171,175,183,194],"switch":[28],"status":[29],"within":[30],"each":[31],"RIS":[32,177],"element,":[33],"different":[34],"transmission":[35],"and":[36,58,90,107,125,146,165],"reflection":[37],"coefficients":[38],"can":[39,152],"be":[40,153,180,186],"achieved,":[41],"thus":[42],"enabling":[43],"binary":[45],"modulation.":[47],"To":[48],"begin":[49],"with,":[50],"propose":[52],"maximum":[54],"likelihood":[55],"(ML)":[56],"detector":[57,62,136,141],"maximal-ratio-combining":[60],"(MRC)-based":[61],"for":[63],"proposed":[65],"RIS-assisted":[67],"to":[71,109,185,189],"decode":[72],"signal":[75,184],"as":[76,78],"well":[77],"end-users\u2019":[80],"respective":[81],"signal.":[82],"Moreover,":[83],"compare":[85],"underlying":[87],"with":[89,182],"without":[91],"modulation":[93],"at":[94],"RIS.":[97],"Subsequently,":[98],"analyze":[100],"corresponding":[102],"symbol":[103],"error":[104],"rate":[105],"(SER)":[106],"throughput":[108,150],"highlight":[110],"performance":[112,151],"differences":[113],"various":[116],"modes":[118],"under":[119],"perfect":[120],"channel":[121],"state":[122],"information":[123],"(CSI)":[124],"imperfect":[126],"CSI.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"numerical":[129],"results":[130],"reveal":[131],"that:":[132],"(1)":[133],"ML":[135],"significantly":[137,154],"outperforms":[138],"MRC-based":[140],"in":[142,162,193],"terms":[143],"SER":[145,195],"throughput;":[147],"(2)":[148],"improved":[155],"adopting":[157],"modulation,":[160],"especially":[161],"medium":[164],"high":[166],"signal-to-noise":[167],"ratio":[168],"regimes;":[169],"(3)":[170],"phase":[172],"shift":[173],"element":[178],"should":[179],"aligned":[181],"decoded":[187],"first,":[188],"guarantee":[190],"an":[191],"improvement":[192],"performance.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-11T23:08:45.486102","created_date":"2025-12-19T00:00:00"}