{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083868436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2393347.2396307","title":"Detecting text in the real world","display_name":"Detecting text in the real world","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083868436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2393347.2396307","mag":"2083868436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2393347.2396307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2393347.2396307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110767730","display_name":"Trung Quy Phan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Trung Quy Phan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025871978","display_name":"Palaiahnakote Shivakumara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palaiahnakote Shivakumara","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111664929","display_name":"Chew Lim Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chew Lim Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110767730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96764647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"765","last_page":"768"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7372453808784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7184350490570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7049012184143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6130184531211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","score":0.6066299676895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5174568295478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5131564736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5041998624801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5010256767272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.4781530797481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.4739423096179962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1310195028781891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09834599494934082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7372453808784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7184350490570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7049012184143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6130184531211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6066299676895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5174568295478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5131564736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5041998624801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5010256767272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4781530797481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4739423096179962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1310195028781891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09834599494934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2393347.2396307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2393347.2396307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/41518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/41518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.259.7871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.259.7871","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/%7Etancl/publications/c2012/mm12_crc.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497790312","https://openalex.org/W1998042868","https://openalex.org/W2015787694","https://openalex.org/W2024959534","https://openalex.org/W2078997308","https://openalex.org/W2090571927","https://openalex.org/W2131673214","https://openalex.org/W2142159465","https://openalex.org/W2142907989","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2145803225","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2165569569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655720158","https://openalex.org/W2369361542","https://openalex.org/W1499828956","https://openalex.org/W647759170","https://openalex.org/W2366854666","https://openalex.org/W2492925340","https://openalex.org/W2595523213","https://openalex.org/W2006176066","https://openalex.org/W103088352","https://openalex.org/W2900275675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,153],"problem":[1],"of":[2,12,20,50,82,150,163],"text":[3,34,91,119],"detection":[4,128],"in":[5,96,159],"natural":[6,142],"scene":[7],"images":[8],"is":[9,76],"challenging":[10],"because":[11],"the":[13,21,36,40,43,47,54,62,94,118,122,127,136],"unconstrained":[14],"sizes,":[15,97],"colors,":[16,98],"backgrounds":[17],"and":[18,46,99,101,121,144,174],"alignments":[19],"characters.":[22,68],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"proposes":[25],"novel":[26],"symmetry":[27,38,56,83],"features":[28,120,124],"for":[29,141],"this":[30],"task.":[31],"Within":[32],"a":[33,51,160],"line,":[35],"intra-character":[37],"captures":[39],"correspondence":[41],"between":[42,65],"inner":[44],"contour":[45,49],"outer":[48],"character":[52,112],"while":[53],"inter-character":[55],"helps":[57],"to":[58,78,125,135],"extract":[59],"information":[60],"from":[61],"gap":[63,102,123],"region":[64],"two":[66],"consecutive":[67],"A":[69],"formulation":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72,138],"Gradient":[73],"Vector":[74],"Flow":[75],"used":[77,158],"detect":[79],"both":[80,117],"types":[81],"points.":[84],"These":[85],"points":[86],"are":[87],"then":[88],"grouped":[89],"into":[90],"lines":[92],"using":[93],"consistency":[95],"stroke":[100],"thickness.":[103],"Therefore,":[104],"unlike":[105],"most":[106],"existing":[107],"methods":[108],"which":[109],"use":[110],"only":[111],"features,":[113],"our":[114,131],"method":[115,132],"exploits":[116],"improve":[126],"result.":[129],"Experimentally,":[130],"compares":[133],"well":[134],"state-of-the-art":[137],"public":[139],"datasets":[140],"scenes":[143],"street-level":[145],"images,":[146],"an":[147],"emerging":[148],"category":[149],"image":[151],"data.":[152],"proposed":[154],"technique":[155],"can":[156],"be":[157],"wide":[161],"range":[162],"multimedia":[164],"applications":[165],"such":[166],"as":[167],"content-based":[168],"image/video":[169],"retrieval,":[170],"mobile":[171],"visual":[172],"search":[173],"sign":[175],"translation.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
