{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021457531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3383219.3383276","title":"Exploring the Challenges of Developing and Operating Consortium Blockchains","display_name":"Exploring the Challenges of Developing and Operating Consortium Blockchains","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021457531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3383219.3383276","mag":"3021457531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3383219.3383276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3383219.3383276","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420135","display_name":"Shanshan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-5603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102950299","display_name":"Qianwen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-7193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianwen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045326792","display_name":"Peiyu Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-5812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyu Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070800159","display_name":"Xiudi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiudi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101713994","display_name":"Yanze Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9807-204X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanze Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101620325","display_name":"He Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-207X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073751973","display_name":"Guoping Rong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-0524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Rong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Software Institute, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100420135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0676,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83119337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"398","last_page":"404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8788742423057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6982730031013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5751268863677979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/devops","display_name":"DevOps","score":0.5174282193183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.47458720207214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4539882242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4468819797039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microservices","display_name":"Microservices","score":0.42283278703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.39087992906570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3507812023162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.26780104637145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2625789940357208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23196929693222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.15806525945663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.11640077829360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8788742423057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6982730031013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5751268863677979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9903902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025536","display_name":"DevOps","level":3,"score":0.5174282193183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.47458720207214355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4539882242679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4468819797039032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.42283278703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39087992906570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3507812023162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26780104637145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2625789940357208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23196929693222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.15806525945663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.11640077829360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3383219.3383276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3383219.3383276","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1565898793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.61572251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327720","funder_display_name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327720","display_name":"Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125869453","https://openalex.org/W2104577574","https://openalex.org/W2162739315","https://openalex.org/W2293740362","https://openalex.org/W2306253114","https://openalex.org/W2538848838","https://openalex.org/W2589660059","https://openalex.org/W2780293078","https://openalex.org/W2894955077","https://openalex.org/W2901625255","https://openalex.org/W2913125079","https://openalex.org/W2919061719","https://openalex.org/W2942596262","https://openalex.org/W2945960166","https://openalex.org/W2975871742","https://openalex.org/W2995871203","https://openalex.org/W3118817917","https://openalex.org/W3210030168","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4248731954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361214931","https://openalex.org/W2790825102","https://openalex.org/W2889011733","https://openalex.org/W4200327854","https://openalex.org/W4387490256","https://openalex.org/W4306309376","https://openalex.org/W2884367066","https://openalex.org/W4309491067","https://openalex.org/W4283065844","https://openalex.org/W4229067906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"and":[1,9,19,25,39,52,88,95,115,143,155,185],"smart":[2,190],"contracts":[3],"are":[4],"being":[5],"embraced":[6],"by":[7,120],"more":[8,10],"industrial":[11],"practitioners":[12,126],"in":[13,91,130,179],"multiple":[14],"domains":[15],"including":[16],"agriculture,":[17],"manufacturing,":[18],"healthcare.":[20],"As":[21],"a":[22,97,106,110],"distributed,":[23],"immutable,":[24],"partly":[26],"public":[27],"ledger,":[28],"the":[29,44,47,53,57,65,72,78,86,118,131,136,150,153,170,174,180],"consortium":[30,58,98,112,158],"blockchain":[31,59,188],"demonstrates":[32],"its":[33],"potential":[34,144],"to":[35,64,83],"enable":[36],"trustworthy":[37],"interoperability":[38],"collaboration":[40],"between":[41,46],"organizations.":[42],"However,":[43],"mismatch":[45],"unruled":[48],"software":[49,81],"engineering":[50,82],"practices":[51],"increased":[54],"interest":[55],"of":[56,67,80,93,127,141,152,157,169,177],"technology":[60],"may":[61],"pose":[62],"threats":[63],"quality":[66],"systems":[68],"implemented.":[69],"To":[70],"mitigate":[71],"possible":[73,89],"threats,":[74],"this":[75,102],"study":[76,108],"takes":[77],"angle":[79],"systematically":[84],"understand":[85],"challenges":[87,142],"solutions":[90,145],"terms":[92],"developing":[94],"operating":[96],"blockchain-based":[99,113],"system.":[100],"For":[101],"purpose,":[103],"we":[104,161],"conducted":[105],"case":[107,132],"on":[109,125,135],"typical":[111],"system":[114],"exhaustively":[116],"collected":[117],"data":[119,137],"two":[121,164],"rounds":[122],"in-depth":[123],"interviews":[124],"different":[128],"roles":[129],"project.":[133],"Based":[134],"analysis,":[138],"eight":[139],"pairs":[140],"were":[146],"identified,":[147],"which":[148,172],"cover":[149],"phases":[151],"development":[154],"operation":[156],"blockchains.":[159],"Moreover,":[160],"also":[162],"captured":[163],"implications":[165],"after":[166],"further":[167],"analysis":[168],"findings,":[171],"worth":[173],"special":[175],"attention":[176],"researchers":[178],"near":[181],"future,":[182],"i.e.":[183],"DevOps":[184],"microservices":[186],"for":[187],"or":[189],"contracts.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
