{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412877155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","title":"RL4CO: An Extensive Reinforcement Learning for Combinatorial Optimization Benchmark","display_name":"RL4CO: An Extensive Reinforcement Learning for Combinatorial Optimization Benchmark","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412877155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099447652","display_name":"Federico Berto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-8365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Berto","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-8365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039806945","display_name":"Chuanbo Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-792X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanbo Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7700-792X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354909","display_name":"Junyoung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-7632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-7632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057531645","display_name":"Laurin Luttmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-7263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113456305","display_name":"Leuphana University of L\u00fcneburg","ror":"https://ror.org/02w2y2t16","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113456305"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurin Luttmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["L\u00fcneburg Leuphana University, L\u00fcneburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-7263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"L\u00fcneburg Leuphana University, L\u00fcneburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113456305"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081047744","display_name":"Yining Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-8547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yining Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-8547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050870827","display_name":"Fanchen Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-3902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanchen Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-3902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639354","display_name":"Jiarui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-6016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiarui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-6016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015329124","display_name":"Haoran Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-3716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-3716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029810193","display_name":"Minsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3072-3660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164802","display_name":"Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05c22rx21","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164802"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mila, Montreal, Canada and KAIST, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3072-3660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, Montreal, Canada and KAIST, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100586326","display_name":"Sanghyeok Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghyeok Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7589-9425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099447653","display_name":"Nayeli Gast Zepeda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nayeli Gast Zepeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6616-908X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005733219","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Hottung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-9093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Hottung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-9093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101725631","display_name":"Jianan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-148X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4896-148X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087259245","display_name":"Jieyi Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-3434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jieyi Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-3434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100561761","display_name":"Yu Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0155-3442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012853051","display_name":"Fei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-0409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-0409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018663324","display_name":"Hyeonah Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-1879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeonah Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Mila, Montreal, Canada and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-1879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, Montreal, Canada and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102520427","display_name":"Jiwoo Son","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwoo Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1032-6318","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085178629","display_name":"Haeyeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9496-4036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haeyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Mila, Montreal, Canada and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9496-4036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mila, Montreal, Canada and Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117640992","display_name":"Davide Angioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-7817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Angioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8825-7817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103284134","display_name":"Wouter Kool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-1454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I907135538","display_name":"Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0481e1q24","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I907135538"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Kool","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORTEC, Rotterdam, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-1454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORTEC, Rotterdam, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I907135538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021597928","display_name":"Zhiguang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-759X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4499-759X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000546219","display_name":"Qingfu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-0671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046623632","display_name":"Joungho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joungho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436659","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-7581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-7581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028609723","display_name":"Kijung Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-1526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kijung Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-1526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102933746","display_name":"Cathy Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-303X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110987","display_name":"IIT@MIT","ror":"https://ror.org/01wp8zh54","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326","https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathy Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8594-303X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107897596","display_name":"Sungsoo Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1227-4573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungsoo Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1227-4573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088976879","display_name":"Guojie Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-2520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031497042","display_name":"Changhyun Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-6396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhyun Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-6396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047606053","display_name":"Kevin Tierney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-4907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Tierney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-4907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035157812","display_name":"Lin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51783024","display_name":"Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxx3e24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51783024"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus and Senftenberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus and Senftenberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51783024"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023509025","display_name":"Jinkyoo Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-1479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinkyoo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-1479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea and Omelet, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":9,"institutions_distinct_count":33,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099447652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98955099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5278","last_page":"5289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8992998600006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7709851861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6879797577857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5843228101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","score":0.501178503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47240179777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11466604471206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07446637749671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.05778178572654724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8992998600006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7709851861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6879797577857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5843228101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.501178503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47240179777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11466604471206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07446637749671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.05778178572654724}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/201830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/201830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.leuphana.de:openaire/64dbbc32-648d-4fc4-b902-61a90283eb80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://fis.leuphana.de/de/publications/rl4co(64dbbc32-648d-4fc4-b902-61a90283eb80).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400489","display_name":"Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Berto, F, Hua, C, Park, J, Luttmann, L, Ma, Y, Bu, F, Wang, J, Ye, H, Kim, M, Choi, S, Zepeda, N G, Hottung, A, Zhou, J, Bi, J, Hu, Y, Liu, F, Kim, H, Son, J, Kim, H, Angioni, D, Kool, W, Cao, Z, Zhang, Q, Kim, J, Zhang, J, Shin, K, Wu, C, Ahn, S, Song, G, Kwon, C, Tierney, K, Xie, L & Park, J 2025, RL4CO : An Extensive Reinforcement Learning for Combinatorial Optimization Benchmark. in L Antonie, J Pei & X Yu (eds), KDD 2025 - Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, vol. 2, Association for Computing Machinery, pp. 5278-5289, 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, KDD 2025, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 03.08.25. https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a7db5d37-809a-489e-aaea-f1836c99f530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2031/a7db5d37-809a-489e-aaea-f1836c99f530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055387","display_name":"CityU Scholars","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"33 authors, including, Berto, F, Hua, C, Park, J, Luttmann, L, Liu, F & Zhang, Q 2025, RL4CO : An Extensive Reinforcement Learning for Combinatorial Optimization Benchmark. in KDD '25 - Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. vol. 2, Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, pp. 5278-5289, 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2025), Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3/08/25. https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3711896.3737433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3711896.3737433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15274158","https://openalex.org/W1482186473","https://openalex.org/W1986056047","https://openalex.org/W1989019664","https://openalex.org/W2008454042","https://openalex.org/W2020930121","https://openalex.org/W2604738573","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3005922958","https://openalex.org/W3015084943","https://openalex.org/W3047863327","https://openalex.org/W3097232108","https://openalex.org/W3100536750","https://openalex.org/W3133471011","https://openalex.org/W3146106549","https://openalex.org/W3175764193","https://openalex.org/W3183892796","https://openalex.org/W3214598513","https://openalex.org/W3214868035","https://openalex.org/W3216772467","https://openalex.org/W4211130072","https://openalex.org/W4229658977","https://openalex.org/W4281758439","https://openalex.org/W4285024875","https://openalex.org/W4294358747","https://openalex.org/W4294610442","https://openalex.org/W4300445707","https://openalex.org/W4306705633","https://openalex.org/W4321337724","https://openalex.org/W4381785805","https://openalex.org/W4391315348","https://openalex.org/W4393160633","https://openalex.org/W4401863699","https://openalex.org/W4406779522","https://openalex.org/W6608490358","https://openalex.org/W6725207838","https://openalex.org/W6912515347","https://openalex.org/W6941249815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Combinatorial":[0],"optimization":[1],"(CO)":[2],"is":[3,168],"fundamental":[4],"to":[5,13,50,61,151],"several":[6],"real-world":[7],"applications,":[8],"from":[9,142],"logistics":[10],"and":[11,16,37,55,75,87,96,105,115,129,155,167],"scheduling":[12],"hardware":[14],"design":[15],"resource":[17],"allocation.":[18],"Deep":[19],"reinforcement":[20],"learning":[21],"(RL)":[22],"has":[23,159],"recently":[24],"shown":[25],"significant":[26],"benefits":[27],"in":[28,99,164],"solving":[29],"CO":[30,84],"problems,":[31],"reducing":[32],"reliance":[33],"on":[34,92,124],"domain":[35],"expertise":[36],"improving":[38],"computational":[39],"efficiency.":[40],"However,":[41],"the":[42,135,165],"absence":[43],"of":[44,82,108],"a":[45,73],"unified":[46,74],"benchmarking":[47],"framework":[48],"leads":[49],"inconsistent":[51],"evaluations,":[52],"limits":[53],"reproducibility,":[54],"increases":[56],"engineering":[57],"overhead,":[58],"raising":[59],"barriers":[60],"adoption":[62],"for":[63,175],"new":[64,153],"researchers.":[65],"To":[66],"address":[67],"these":[68],"challenges,":[69],"we":[70],"introduce":[71],"RL4CO,":[72],"extensive":[76,118,148],"benchmark":[77,149],"with":[78,117],"in-depth":[79],"library":[80],"coverage":[81],"27":[83],"problem":[85],"environments":[86],"23":[88],"state-of-the-art":[89],"baselines.":[90],"Built":[91],"efficient":[93],"software":[94],"libraries":[95],"best":[97],"practices":[98],"implementation,":[100],"RL4CO":[101,120,158],"features":[102],"modularized":[103],"implementation":[104],"flexible":[106],"configurations":[107],"diverse":[109],"environments,":[110],"policy":[111],"architectures,":[112],"RL":[113],"algorithms,":[114],"utilities":[116],"documentation.":[119],"helps":[121],"researchers":[122,163],"build":[123],"existing":[125],"successes":[126],"while":[127],"exploring":[128],"developing":[130],"their":[131],"own":[132],"designs,":[133],"facilitating":[134],"entire":[136],"research":[137],"process":[138],"by":[139],"decoupling":[140],"science":[141],"heavy":[143],"engineering.":[144],"We":[145],"finally":[146],"provide":[147],"studies":[150],"inspire":[152],"insights":[154],"future":[156],"work.":[157],"already":[160],"attracted":[161],"numerous":[162],"community":[166],"open-sourced":[169],"at":[170],"https://github.com/ai4co/rl4co.":[171],"\u00a9":[172],"2025":[173],"Association":[174],"Computing":[176],"Machinery.":[177],"All":[178],"rights":[179],"reserved.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}