{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791926710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026818500037","title":"FSLLE: A Fast K Selection Algorithm for Locally Linear Embedding","display_name":"FSLLE: A Fast K Selection Algorithm for Locally Linear Embedding","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791926710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026818500037","mag":"2791926710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1469026818500037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026818500037","pdf_url":"https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S1469026818500037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206936884","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","issn_l":"1469-0268","issn":["1469-0268","1757-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S1469026818500037","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061787859","display_name":"Jin\u2010Hang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Hang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024540054","display_name":"Tao Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-7246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102017822","display_name":"Xiaogang Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School of Software, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School of Software, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090396922","display_name":"Kunfang Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunfang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038863732","display_name":"Minghua Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghua Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101561002","display_name":"Ming Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-4016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074593997","display_name":"Xinrong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-669X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"XinRong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical and Computer, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055848820","display_name":"Xiao Qiang Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shelby Center for Engineering, Technology, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849-5347, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shelby Center for Engineering, Technology, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849-5347, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024540054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01813533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"01","first_page":"1850003","last_page":"1850003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.7213996648788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6723459362983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6650303602218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isomap","display_name":"Isomap","score":0.6587929725646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.6539860963821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.6208919286727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-point","display_name":"Data point","score":0.5126756429672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-dimension","display_name":"Intrinsic dimension","score":0.504257321357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.4796917140483856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4634195864200592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4541782736778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering-high-dimensional-data","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","score":0.4466540515422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.42910975217819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3972291946411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37911370396614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31966662406921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.10119354724884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09355878829956055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.7213996648788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6723459362983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6650303602218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778626561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6086067","display_name":"Isomap","level":4,"score":0.6587929725646973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.6539860963821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.6208919286727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.5126756429672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30732413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092636","display_name":"Intrinsic dimension","level":3,"score":0.504257321357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.4796917140483856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4634195864200592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4541782736778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184509293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136711","display_name":"Clustering high-dimensional data","level":3,"score":0.4466540515422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.42910975217819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3972291946411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37911370396614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31966662406921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.10119354724884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09355878829956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1469026818500037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026818500037","pdf_url":"https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S1469026818500037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206936884","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","issn_l":"1469-0268","issn":["1469-0268","1757-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s1469026818500037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1469026818500037","pdf_url":"https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S1469026818500037","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206936884","display_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","issn_l":"1469-0268","issn":["1469-0268","1757-5885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311754","host_organization_name":"Imperial College Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Imperial College Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2791926710.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2791926710.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979182421","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2068695566","https://openalex.org/W2137971377","https://openalex.org/W2598912124","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W4242361805","https://openalex.org/W4250857377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148415967","https://openalex.org/W3003257333","https://openalex.org/W2123981743","https://openalex.org/W2132734978","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W3123770282","https://openalex.org/W2153105632","https://openalex.org/W2366127399","https://openalex.org/W2162490024","https://openalex.org/W2623252221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"in":[1,8,183,195],"a":[2,9,30,81,96,148,218],"high-dimensional":[3,15],"data":[4,22,103,149],"space":[5],"may":[6],"reside":[7],"low-dimensional":[10],"manifold":[11,21,32,184],"embedded":[12],"within":[13],"the":[14,62,69,77,101,113,125,139,161,165,176,202,211],"space.":[16],"Manifold":[17],"learning":[18,33,185],"discovers":[19],"intrinsic":[20,145],"structures":[23,146],"to":[24,94,110,143,159,192,210],"facilitate":[25],"dimensionality":[26],"reductions.":[27],"We":[28,189],"propose":[29],"novel":[31],"technique":[34],"called":[35],"fast":[36],"[Formula:":[37,55,118,132],"see":[38,56,119,133],"text]":[39,134],"selection":[40],"for":[41],"locally":[42,70],"linear":[43,71],"embedding":[44,72],"or":[45],"FSLLE,":[46,154],"which":[47,121,196],"judiciously":[48],"chooses":[49],"an":[50],"appropriate":[51],"number":[52],"(i.e.,":[53,179],"parameter":[54,117,131],"text])":[57],"of":[58,80,83,107,116,138,147,167],"neighboring":[59,84],"points":[60],"where":[61],"local":[63],"geometric":[64],"properties":[65],"are":[66],"maintained":[67],"by":[68,135],"(LLE)":[73],"criterion.":[74],"To":[75],"measure":[76],"spatial":[78,97,126,140],"distribution":[79],"group":[82],"points,":[85],"FSLLE":[86,108,129,174,191,197,207,216],"relies":[87],"on":[88],"relative":[89],"variance":[90],"and":[91,163,181,186,224],"mean":[92],"difference":[93],"form":[95],"correlation":[98,127,141],"index":[99,142],"characterizing":[100],"neighbors\u2019":[102],"distribution.":[104],"The":[105],"goal":[106],"is":[109,208],"quickly":[111],"identify":[112],"optimal":[114],"value":[115],"text],":[120],"aims":[122],"at":[123],"minimizing":[124],"index.":[128],"optimizes":[130],"making":[136],"use":[137],"discover":[144],"point\u2019s":[150],"neighbors.":[151],"After":[152],"implementing":[153],"we":[155],"conduct":[156],"extensive":[157],"experiments":[158],"validate":[160],"correctness":[162],"evaluate":[164],"performance":[166],"FSLLE.":[168],"Our":[169],"experimental":[170],"results":[171],"show":[172],"that":[173],"outperforms":[175],"existing":[177],"solutions":[178],"LLE":[180],"ISOMAP)":[182],"dimension":[187],"reduction.":[188],"apply":[190],"face":[193,204,212],"recognition":[194,205,213],"achieves":[198],"higher":[199],"accuracy":[200],"than":[201],"state-of-the-art":[203],"algorithms.":[206],"superior":[209],"algorithms,":[214],"because":[215],"makes":[217],"good":[219],"tradeoff":[220],"between":[221],"classification":[222],"precision":[223],"performance.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
