GOVIJIKMENT OF INDIA i
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY i
CENTRiAL ARCH/EOLOGtCAL \
LIBRARY '
Call No*
• Acc. No.
^Bi-os/c^R.A'S^
D.G^ 79.
GJPX--ii4—2D. G. Afcb. X. D ^57.^25-9 Se-LOO.OflO.
i'
CONTENTS-
Sob-Coinnutt^ Meeting ..
CouncLI Meetuig
Sub-Couiiuittee Meet big
Innual General Meeting ^
Anaual Report for 19IG
Office-Bearers for 11*17, electioo of
Paper read:—
Ndgadipa and BuddUl'^t ReiniLins m JaffnA "
by P. IS- PiEBTH, 1>- liitt.j M.A+ Cantab.,
Nagadipa In the Tamil Claaiiics,” by Muda-
liy4r C. Rasanayaoam
Diacusalon
Note, by Mb. Johjt M. SENAVEitATKi
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Syriac Words in Tamil*" by H. W. Codrinci^
TOSi B.A. Okoii. , C,G.S.
‘‘Pabtada or Haliknda/^ by A. Mekdis
GuNAsfiEARA, Mudaliyar
1
2
3
4
4
10
11
31
42
45
46
/ W D l
central ARCHAEO' ^
library, NEW.
Aco. No. . 3
Date ; jf' ^ JL ‘ .. ^
Cnii No. ..^Sh.pS^, c,.-
JOURNAL
OF THE
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY
CEYLON BRANCH.
--
SUB-COMMITTEE MEETING,
Cohtnbo Fthmaiy /J, I&I7-
FrfM«fit ;
C- Hartley, M.A., Vice-Prei^ideDt, in the Chur,
Dp. a, NeJU M R.C.B,
Mr. Gerard A* Jo»^ph, C.C+S*, Hoiw^mpy Si.'flTetsry,
/iu3ine4t:
L Reml resolution of Counoil pAsned on Sth Xovomber^
appointing Sub-Committee^
S* Bead letter written to ail aiembera of f5ub-CommittM
eaUin^ for asu^^geutiuoa as to eubjecta and names of Leeturora.
%. Rend letters from Dr. A, Xell and Mudaljy4r A, Alendti
Gima«4kH.ra jn mpjy to Xo, 2-
4. Dmftod lottoT inHting Leetume to be givisa, and approved
liflt of those to be asked.
5, Heaolved,—That the finat b^ture of the series be on " Stoiiiq
Argklteeture of Ceylon,'' by Dr+ A. KeU* md that it be delivered
on March 7, t0i7i at fl'40 p.m.
*1
JOIMNAL, R.A.3. (CEYIjOn). [VoL. XXVI.
COUNCIL MEETING.
Colojnbo March M, 1917.
ProHeot;
Sir PopriHia^Milaiu Arun4£^tmlMU^ Kt.,
Prosiident f in Ch^ir.
Mr. C* M.A., ViEw-President.
Mr, VV. A. Silvia, J.P, i Dr. A. M,R*C.S.
Mr. C. VV. HorsfdU. I
"Mr. Griraird A. Josephp Honorary Socrrstary,
I. Head and coafLrjiied j^linutee of the laat PoonoiJ ^Eeeting
hold on fcho eili Novombor* 191$.
5, Cniuiditimd and pa^sod the oleotion of the foLlomug
Memhcni
Chnrlen Emeat JoDOe« B.A., B.Se.p i E- Wayland.
C.C.SkS ro^ointn&iidc^ by /^l^rard A+ Joseph.
Maliaeatui leirage Don Martin 9ilva:\S. C. Obeyimakare,
^IH^o^mlend«^d by / w. A* de Silva.
JayauiUDoy B. do Silva: reoom-1 W. F. Onnawardhana
mondod by JF. D+ Jayaainha.
Siavait Hirp Wadia* B.A., e.C,8.: 1 Gerard A. JoHaph,
recoinmendod by / P+ E. PieriSr
a. Laid on the table enj^wem t* the Circulftr letter dated
SOth Febmary, l&I7i on Popular liOoturBe.
4- CcmHiderfKl the nomination of Offlce-Bearera for IB 17,
Mr. Jpaoph pointed out that Mesara. \V* A. de Silva and R. G.
AnthoDiAZ mtjro by Beniority and McaHi-g. E. W. Pejejra and
D. B. Jayatiloka by laaet attendniice.
Keeolved.—That MetufH. A. de SDv^a and R. G+ Anthonia*
bft re^loetnd and that Moiiarn. F, Lewbi and R, W. Byrde be
DommattMj in platio of Meiu^rH. E. VV. Porera and D* B. Jay a-
tilaka end liiat tJie pLooe of Mr+ H# Cedrington be filled np
by Mudal iy4r W. Fp Gunavmrdbona.
$. Read and peaked the draft of the Anniml Hepert for
ISlBp iubjeat to a fair alteratieoB.
3
No. 70,—1^17.1
e. Read letter dated the lath Novenibof last from th®
Colombo ApotheoarieR Co-p Ltd,, rogardhig the priAClng oad
bindiog of Andraw'fl Eioboasiee to Kandy.
It was decided that the rmittor do atend o^er.
7- Laid ea the table the Report oa Mr. W* Ap do Silyn-a
Paper eatitled: ^'Tbo Ancient gysleniof Teiwhing S^inhalese.-' by
MudAliy4rs Simoa de SUva sad A.. Mendie Guaasekora.
Roeol^odp—That the Poper be aooepted.
SUB-COMMI'ITEE MEETING-
Colombo Afar^b 27, 1^17.
Preseat j
Mr, 0 . Hartley* 31 .. 4 .^ Vice-President, in tlio €liair+
Mr. Gerard A. Joseph. C-C.S*. Konorary Secretary.
liititneM :
I ^R«ati and eonflnEied ^linntos of the Inst Sub-Committee
Meeting huld on the I3th Febriiary. IS 17.
2+ Laid Cm Gie table answers to tiie CironJar lettora on
Poi>u1ar Leoturesi.
3, Draft letterw lo Ijootureina wore npprovud* and datefl ol
leotoroe pro^KHionally fiiEwd aa follniws:—
1. Sir Ponuambalam .4runuohalaai, Kt., 31.A -1 Ifcli MBy+
1917,
2. 3Ir, a Hartley. M-A., iBth May. 1917-
3. Mr. P, E. Fierbi^ 3LA-t C.C.S.. 1st Junep 1917-
4. Reif. Patiiur M. J, Le Goo . M Aip Ph.D., OrM^I-i IS-tb
Jiinu. 1917-
5. The Hon^ble Sir. T. B, L- Mootiotuale. 29th June. 1917*
6. Mr. J* a. Cp Mendi*. 3LA., 13th Jiily^ 1917.
7. Dr. A, NoU. 31.R*C.ft.. 27tli July. 1917-
S. Mr. VV. A. do SiJva. J.P.. 24tii August, 1917-
9, Mr. Fp LewiM* F.L.S i 7th Septemberp 1917-
10- MudaliyAr W. F* Gimawatdhana, 12th October. 1917,
11, Mr. J. S. Ckmtfti. 9th November, 1917-
4
[CEYLON).
ANNUAL GENER.AL MEETING.
Colombo 3/wfleKm, ^farch 31, 19IT.
lYiwtent T
SiJ FoDnanibftlaTu AniqicholB^m, Kt., 5f.A.*
Prvrtidt^at* in th* Chair^
Mr. pAiil E* M.A.p C.C*S**
Vioiii-Pn^flideDt,
The Hdn ble ,\rr* K. liala.
HiqghHIi:k«
N. K. i^Ti Bharathlndm ThSro.
Sir J. Tlicpiii^b Broom,
Mr. C. H, CoUina. C C S.
Mr. G. J* do Si!v&.
Mrt AUaxkfion H. Gomoe*
Mr. A- P. Ooonerfttne.
Mr. S. B. KunjppijL.
Mr. F. Latvia. I
Mr, A. Mendia-
Mfp C^nird .4* Joseph^ CX,
Dr. A. M.B,C.S.
BlqdaJjyat J, F. Otsey«^kjer«.
^ludatiydr R. C. Proet^r.
\U* J+ E, Kcjde*
air. M. B. M. Silim.
Mr» F. A, TUseverosizighc?.
Mqdaliy&r S. VyihiaqAthan.
Mr. .4lox. \VidkrainiL}{bij^ho«
Mr* C* P, \VsjeyoratH&,
Mr. A- VV. WijtjjtwwUm.
Mr, D. S,
,S«p Hooorary Sieoretory.
1+ R^^ad and eoqlirmed Miuqtefl of tho Inat Geaora! Meeting
held on Int I^ernW^ l91fS-
2r Mr. Oemrd A- Joseph road the
.annual report for 1910 .
The Caimvil of tli* Ceylon Branch of tlie Royal Aaiatie
Sooiely have tlie honour to nubmit their Report for the
year 1916.
Meetings as'o PA?Efs3,
The Annual GenetnJ Meeting woa held iq Moreh^ L91fl,
when iJao .Annual Report waa read and a Paprtr entitled " The
StonoA of the Navaratnap their l&Iyihieal Si^iJSeaqce and
SuperatitioqH Lorep’' by Mr. E. J, Way I and, F.H.C.3.. waa read
on hi* hehall by Mr. C. Hartley. M.A., Vice-PreaideDt-
Three rrannrnJ Mcetinga of the Society were held daring the
year. At the General Meeting held on DeoBiiiber lat. at whjob
Hin Excellency Sir John Anderaoitp ChC.M.CL, K,CpB.. L,L.D..
Fatnxi of^ the- Society + pruuide^J^ Sir Ponnambaliiiiq Arun4-
ohalaza, Kt., M.A.^ Ftcflident^ delivered a lecture on "The
PolonnamwH BreniCH and give Woraltip and Symbolintt.'' In
Oetober, Mr. H. W. Codrington. B.A., C.C.S.. dolMred a
lecture Dll ** C^lon Naiaifnniitica.^'
Nft, m—1017,]
AZ4?i1]AL. EEPQBT^
5
PuBLlOATtOSa.
One nxiinbetr of tho Jounuil* Vol, XXIIL^ No, wnfl iflfpufltl
during the year* It in ftdflitipu to the prooeediaipi of
tho Couiicil anil (Grenoral lii® fol lowing Pipi^ra end
XotAi —
1, ** Tlio tiato ot Buddha'i death and Ceylon Chronologj/*
bj Mr. JoliD M. SeFift%^J^Tat(ii«-
3, NpU>^ oh an. exploration in EftMteni Uvft* fmd ^oiithera
PHnuina Pattu," by Mr, Frederick Lowbp F*L*3*
Parla V. end VI, of thu GeyJon Xotee and Queriee were i^uod
during tho year. They contain the following >—
In Pert V,—1, Tiniitip" by Mr* H, W* Oodrington,
B, A,. C G*S*
3. ■ ■ Anbonio Teixeirap" by Mr- P, E, Pioriii. M.A., C^C^S, ^
3, *■ Dutoh In^ription. In Gallo Fort^^ Anthony JolmnnWp'
by Mr, F. H. da Voa. J.P,
4. ■*' An ancient nama of Northern CoyJon^'' by Mr, John Mt
3ooAvcrBtno,
5, ** A Dutch Eduoationjil lioport,"^" by Mr, H- G* AntboniiT^
Gnvemincnt ArohiviBl,
6. IdontiEicatLon of a nito luentiooud by Knoit,'^ by Mr,
C, S, Vaughan. C,C,S,
7 1 Divt PtinAv^a,'" by Mr. W, Ar di" Silva, J.Pi
In Part VL—I- ** Portrait of n Kandyan Qui>on*'' by Dr^
AndreA^H Xcll,
% +■ Mayiira iiRnd^ya/^ by Mr, H- W, t'odringtonp
CCS
3, irarcin do Orta/" by Mr. P, E, PwriMi M.A., C*C-Sp
4, Id^tjty of Waitulya, tho Propagandist," by 3ir, T. P,
Ponnaiii.balfiiEi Pillai.
6. Fa ■ Hian and tbu deto of Buddha’s death /' by Mr* J ohn
,VIr Senav'i^tno,
6+ ■* Diitcli Inpoription#*^ by Mr,, E- B- F# Suetor, C*C-S,
MEMUEHa,
The Society hoe now on ita rob 447 Alemlient, of whom 47 are
Lifc-3Wbor» ATid 10 Honor nry Mom here. During Dw past year
18 new SlH‘inboi^ were elswtod, viz, 5 O, E, de Sdve* O, E,
Coonetileka, B.A.. ,A* de S. Kanakaratnc, E, W. Kaniumgara,
B.A*. H. S, Kett^hala, H.A., C, Ha-^anaySi^aui, W, RatAnapAle
TIiAro. P* Saiuui^b BhA„ A. SArilankAra Tii6ro, Lidgh Smith*
M.A,* M, ft, y. Sonwatana Thtro, K- S. fturniklha Tli6ro,
K, K. J, A. Syh-a. S, Tamlpyah Pitlai. J- X. C. Tiruchelviini,
J, Viinaiortinkan^, B,A,, M. W, \\\ Widiinipola* S, W- K*
WipulaM^nasabhA ThiSro*
Mr. R, W, Byrde, B.A„ C,C,S.* Mayor of ColomlKi
and M- ftiri NAniBsaru MahA Tli6ro have bocome Life-Membcra
DexTBa.
The Council record with regret the deatlia of MoaHrs.
ft, U. Mahawafjfctcnno^ d.P.* B* Br Strickland* M.A,*
4
jaimXiLLt (OETTLOfl). [VOL- XXVI,
a:^nual genkeal meeting.
Colombo MotcJ^ 3 J. 1917.
Sir PoQnfi.iiilAlacii Kt.p At.A
I^e«ideTit, ill the Cbflij.
Mr. Piiil E. Fkrin, iLA., C.C.S-p
V^ioy-Pn.'sident^
The Mr. K. Bala- Dr.
Hingbaiiu
X. X. Sri BharHihihrlra Th^ro.
3it Ji ThontBou BtooiUr
Mr. C. H. CoLiinB. C C S.
Mr. G^ J. da Silva.
Mr. AlUtiBon H. Gocnos.
Mr. A. P. Goaneratne.
Mr. S. B. Kiotippu.
Mr, T\ Lewis.
A. Nell* M.R.aS.
Mudaliyar J. Fhp ObeyezR^kerar
Mudaliy^r R. C. Froatar.
Mr. J. E* Roda^
Mr. M* D. M. SilvEU
Sft. F- A. TtHsaTt-araaiiiglic.
MudaMyar S.^ VyLhian^thaa.
Mr+ Alex. 'WickramMiDghe+
Mr. A. MendjB^
Mr. C. P. Wiieyatatne,
Mr. A. W. Wijt-yeeiaha,
Mr. D. S. Wijejfwinha*
Mr, Gerard iTDri<?ph* C.C.S.p Honor«ry Senretary.
Rujntt«M:
L. Read and eoailrmed MiDutea of tha JiUit Cieruaral Meeting
held on tat Decenibar, lOllli-
2^ Mr. Garard A. Joaepb rend the
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1^1 e.
The Couiiflil of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Aisiatie
Society have the honour to aubmit their Report for the
year 191^.
MeimNGS A3fD PiFEna.
The .AminaJ Geoeral Meet ini; wa« held in. Ma rch ^ 1916 ,
when the Annual Report wiiii roail and a Pap^r entitled '* The
Sionce of the Navnratna, their Mythical Signifioanoe and
Buper&titioiiii Lore,” by Mr+ Ep J. Way land, P.R.C.S.+ wuh read
OP hie behalf by Mr. C, llartloy, 31.A., Vic»-Pr(jsident,
Three General Meetings of the Society were held daring tlie
year. At th* GenerBl MetJting held on |>ecembi.^r lut* at whieb
Hie Kxcelleney Sir Jolm Ander&on, G.CAl.G,^ X.G.B., L.L.D-ii
Patrop of tbo- Society, presided. Sir Pomiambalam /Vrun^'
ohalftip^ Kt.ip M.A. , PrMaideFit, deljverfd a lecture on **The
Polonnamwa Rron^eA and ^iva Worship and SyinbolitutL^^ In
October p Mr. H. W. Cod^gton, B.A., G.C.S*i delivered a
lecture on Ceylon NiimHmatica+'^
No, 70—1017.]
AJiEjClAl. BEPOBT
5
PcBLlCATlOSiS,
On# Quinber of the Joumuh VoL XXIIL, No. 67+ wi# baaed
duriag the yo&r. It dontAitui in Addition to th* prowKlingH of
the CouOE^ii and <joiaoral Meetings^ the following Papsra and
No tOei :—
1. '*Tlie date of BnddhA'a denth and Ceylon Chronology+'*
hy Jolm 3hl- SenAV'eratne-
2, Note ?3 on an axplonfction to Eaotum and Southorti
Paxiama PattUp*^ by Mr. Frederick Lowb^ F.L.S,
Parte V. aud VI. of tlie Ceylon Notes &nd QqericiM w^ro issued
during the year. They oootam the following t—
In Part V.—1. '-Ridi Tiranip“ by Mr* H. W. Codringtonp
B A C C S’.
2. ** Antonio Teixoira," by Mt- P. E. Pieria, M-A^p C.C.S.
3. " Dutch Inaeription in CaUe Fort, Antliony Johiuuifta+"
by Mr. F. H. do Vos* J.P.
4. ■* An ancient name oI Northern Ceylon*^*^ by Mr. John M.
Sonaveratne,
** A Dutch Kduisationat Keport,”^ by Mr. li. <_i. Anthonlazi
Govomnient AntliivEit.
6. ■* Identllioatlon of a sit« luentionod by Knos,^^ by Mr,
C. V^anghsn. >LA,* U.C^^S.
?, Dhi PbtiAva**- by Mr. W* A. dn Silva^ J4P-
In Pert VI.—1, *' Portrait of a Kandyan Queen,’" by Dr,
Apdiaaa N^ 11* M.K.C^S,
2. " Mayiira Sand^Mya,"' by Mr. W- Codringtoiip B-A.,
C C B
3. ** Garda do Qrta/* by Mr. P, E- i''ietiiab M.A.* 0*CrS+
4^ idonuly of tVaitnIya, tha Propagandbt," by Mr, T. P.
Poanoiul>aLnnL Pillai
fi. ** Fa'TTiiiEi And the date of Buddha^y death/' by Mr» John
M. f^omivLTAtne.
fl. ■* Dutch InHoriptian," by Mr. E- B* F. Suetor^ GiC.R*.
Tho Society has now on it* roll 447 Members, of wbom 4" are
Liro-!^kuii'beT^ a^id 10 ffonorory Membeni. During tlie pact yuar
IS new Miunbojft^ were clcciod, vi?.: E. de Silva. O, E.
Goonetileke, B.A., A* de S. KAnakamtno, E. W. KAnnaDgara,
B.A., K, S. Kau-shaln, B.A., C. Basanayagaiii, W. Ratanap&la
Tliiro, P* Saiiiui^^l, B.A., A- SurMahkAm TliSro, Leigh Smith,
M.A., M. S. V. SojiiarAtaufr Th^ro* K. S- Sum^hft Tls4ro*
K, K. J. A* SyU'tk, S. Tambyab Pillai + .T. N. C. TirudHrlvaiiu
J* R. Vaiinjasiiikani, BvA., M. W* W. Widunj|iolAp S. W* K.
Wiptilas^naaabh^ Th^to.
Mr. H. W, Byrde, B.A., L.L.R., C.C.8., Mayor of Colombo
and M* Siri N4nisaara Mahd Th6ro have become LiFe-Membppe
Deathb,
Th* Council record witJi regret the doatha of Mosars.
S, D. MahawaJatenne* J,P.. ^ B. Strickland, M-A.,
43
JOUBHAL. R.A. 9 , JCETLONI. [VoL. XXVL
Sath J, Willianuii* R» A. P, SiriwardaDap Harriater-at-Law*
E. B. F. Hcnoraiy fiacretary, and ^[ajQ^
Frank Modder.
Mr. E+ B+ F* ^^ueter joined tha Society in 1013, and was
elact4jd Honorary ^ucretary in 1014- At b bold on
£7th Scptoniber, 1916. tlio Council pas^d tka loUawing
reaoIntioD on his death:—
'** Readvcd TiiAt the Gaunell of ihu Cuylon Branch of the
RoyaJ Aniatio Society desiirnt to record ita dot^p regret At tba
death of Mr. B, F, Sueb^r^C.CrS., fTonoraTy Secretary of the
Society for the laat three yi-ara and ita iippreciation of hia thIu-
able aar^iceo and untinDg zeal and devotion to the welfam of
the Society and to o0er ita Rtnoero rondols^oe to Sucter
and tlio ot}ier luemberii of I ho Cainilj,' in llieir berLiaveiLVJTk^+^*
Major Frank Modder joined the Society in 1890, and became
a Ijife^^fomber in 1^96. Bo -wita a riian pf varied gifta. Ho
wji^ expi^rt with pen and pencil and waa an indefati^ablo writer
in all mat tore aff^^ting tlie hwtoTy» languafjteB, literature, arts
and EMMfiaL condiliona of the piH;^ple of the Society. He contrU
biitfld tho following Papera lo the Soriely^a Journal, vii s—I,
^-The Aniuial-Hha^HKl l^oeke of Kumn^la'" in VoL XT,, No, 40 ;
3* ‘^SinhalcBo Weighta and MeEUfuct-e" hi Val. Xll,* No. 43;
3. Kiinm^^nla VifltamyfL = with notea on Koruii^gaLa, ancicat
and modara,*' in VoL Xlll+p Xo^ 44 ; 4 k '* Ancient Cities and
Teiinpli'is ip the Kurun^^ala District" in Vol. XllI,* No. 44;
VoL XlV., Nn. 46, 47; Vol. X V,^ No, 48; 5- A Geological and
MineralQgicnl Sketch of the North-TVovince"' In
Vol. XY., No. 40. Ho waa also the anthof of a uteniJard work
on Kandyan Law, a ^fannal of tho Puttalam Dktrict and a
ITandbook to Kurun^ata and itt^ ncighbourhoqd.
REaiGS'ATlON'8.
The follovlng aevou ^lecubt'ra renigned their ^Eornberflbip, viz:
— J. P. Blackmorc, K. Burgesap C, fl. Coekainup J. Coroa^
Anaparika Dhamiapuju, ft+ C, Kaila,^pillai, Gate Mudaliyir;
W, C, j^laarca^ly.
The Society lia^ RiiCfercd a v^^ry gr^-at kwa by the dc'parture
froTp the Island of iMr. Jolm Ifanrard, He joined the
Society in 18^3 and waw electt^J an Honorary Secretary in the
name year and concinoed to Rerve In tbat capacity until he a'aji
elected Prr?flident of the SociMty ill 1012. Ho resigned tlkia
olHne at the Ix-giiiniiig of the year to our great regret on his
rt-tiriMncnt through ilUieEilth from the of JJiroctor of
Education preparatory to quitting the Inland. Ill rccogniliOD
of his invaluable aemdoeH anti luiwearier! devotion lo thi^
Society during a pnrio<l of 23 yearn and of bin achclarly contri¬
butions to qur .fonTTial and direction of our Society 'h work, he
waa^ at a General Mooting held on thy 2Tth 3Iarch, 1016* ek>ctad
an Honorary Mcnnber under RuId 10 ^ on a motion prapewd by
Sir Fonnanifialaia Arun^chalaiu, Kt,* and aecoadE> 4 ] by Dr.
A. NeU.
No. 70,-1917 .1
ANEiDiLL iLRPOaT.
7
Tht) additions to iIilh Liljrary, including yiATtB oE periodica In .
aumlK^rud H3^ It in IndcbLi^ for (lDnntion.~i to th« foliow>
—the Government of India; the Govb^rtiiaent of Ceylon?
the Govomnii^fit of Bnrijin ; the jiVrehetologicAl l^urv^'y of India ;
Urn tSupiTuiteodont, Archicological Survey of Bumm; the Pali
T*ejLt Society, London; tlie Governiiieut Oremtal Library,
Madras; the Punjab Hij^toriaaL Society» India; the ^duhabodhi
ScKuety; the Forest l>opBrCmcnt of the Madrf^ Ptoideacy ; the
Manaji^er. Indian Tliou^ht; tlie Poatiiiiuiter'Ueneral, C'oylon; tlie
Editor, Milaon HulJuLin'^ ; the PlenterH' Aeiweiatsonp Ceylon:
Mr. A. de S. Kanattaratnfl, ^fr+ C. Mac ready ; tho Manager ^
** National Mqntiily” ; the Editor, ** Collei^ian and Progfiisfi of
India” ; tuid the Editors;, " Ceylon Antiqtiary/*
Valuable escltanp^ of publicationji were niatotitined aTidqthora
efEoctad during tlie year. The Society now hati 40 iti»li tut lone
on itH oxchangt^ liut^
CouN<;ru
On the rcHignntion of Mr, ■lokm liar ward, aa Presj-idf-Dt^
Sir Ponnainbalaiu Aruni^hnluiil, Kt-, M.A+, wan e|eet4.Hl Pro-
iident. Tile vacancy naus^f^l uniicr rule 1?^, by die retiremt^nt
of the ITon'Ido Sir Chrbttqfln l tJbeyeHckcre aa Viw-l^ri'^idt'ntp
woa hill'd by Alt. P. E. Pieris. M.A.t G.C.S. Under rule 20
Dr. A- Nell, and MudaliyAr A. MviidiM (.puna^ekera iwtir^Hi ljy
Bc^niority and Mi'tstitn. P. E. PierLs and F- If- do Vnti by hMUt
atlendan«ie. Two cf tliesje ^i^nth-Ein?n being eligible for re-
electiun^ Afudaliy^r A. M, CLiiiaddknta and l>r, A. Noll w^-ro
ro-eleetii^i; and in place of Mt'?4isr(i. P. E, Pjeriis anil F. H. do Vos,
tliB HnnNjle Sir ClirLmoflel OWyeit^koro and the Hon'hle Afr+ K.
Balaeinghniii w»Te elect+‘<l. Th^- vaenney on ihp CinincEl oaiuied
by tho ap^KNin tincii t of Sir Pouujiiiili>aliiin ArunAchaliiETi. an Pra-
rtidi'nt ivnH filled by the retiring Prot^ident, .Mr. J. [Tarward.
The vacanev by the dp-atb of AIr» JL B. F. Suetor,
C.C.S., waa HUed by Air. H. \V. Codtingtoa, B.A.. C,€.S.. an
llonrirerj*^ SeHjn tarv.
Honorary ArRMnenA an'd P4TnD.^.
.\s [lientionod already undor rule 10, Mr. J. Eforward, M,A.,
robirmg Pne^ident. was 011 * 0 ted an Hon- Afeinl^r. ffis E^icellency
Sir John Antlern^^o. K..C.B , gtiicioii^lj' cenBonted to I^.H30tne the
Patron of tbfi SoeiQty+ following tie? |>ti*cK'dciit of nuany pro-
deoeKdon in hiii efbee.
The annexed bii|ani;i^ alheot diHulo^^H a lialnnco of rupeed
four thousand ono hundrf*d and Mix[y*Kim+ anil eixl4^*en
(Uh. 4A6M6), to the credit of iho Society, nt Hie? end of tho
year. The receipts laat year ainonnted to li». ll,H3T'45 while
the ex[Jondituro wan Ha. 2^703-120. For the visry factory
qonditiqn of tta ILuancoi the Sociaty ia greatly indubtod to tho
care and teal of the Honorary Tresaurt^r, Mr. licrnrd A. Joneph^
C.C.S. Tho accounts have again been audited by Mr. Horbort
Tarrant to whom the Council offer ilh einoere tbankn.
Bataitce Sheet of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for the year 1916,
8
JOOUtlL, B,A,S. (CEYUON). [VOL, XXVI*
Audits Si found correct, Sgii, GERARD *A. JOSEPH,
Ssd. HERBERT TARRANT. - Hotiy. Tn^SHftr.
No. 7ft.—1917.]
A^fNUJtL KEFORT.
9
rOPOLAB LsCTtMlEB.
In XoverftMf, l&Ii&p Br- JD4epl:i Fftiirwaiit B,8cr, Dirottor of
tins Coloi^bt} Miiuvuun, broiagkt up Llw quoflEion of or^^anieiiig
a of popular loctureiEi. A eub-CoimaitUe* oaoptatiug of
:^Ir. Cr ilftrtloy, M.A.. Visjn^ rriMldt-nt. Mr, E. B.
B.A.p C.C.S,, Dr. Joswpli I'turiton. D.SCi, Dr. ^Bidreni: Nell,
UDcl Muduliyir A. Mendb Gui^^^kutfl was Appointed to
orgAoiiio a are'rif]'^ ot populur loetiire^ on ^mbjodtM cooneoted
with the work of Uio Society.
AitCH.E*L<K3Y*
The Coimoii regrot thut thero ^ netbrng to report uDtlor
thb head owing to tlio tiuiipt>iiaion of the opcttatianfi of tlve
Arch no logical Survey. Sinc^^ the duatli of the loto Mrn K- H.
Ayrtont Arohocological ComiotHaionor, in May, IQU, there
bae been no es<^avatioD or reBtoration work imLEertakr-ii. An
thisi Soeioty vrUK luainJy inKtronwuial in indneing tlu!i> Govom-^
to ostab1iB}i the AreKjLuolQgirAl Sur\'ey and lias Binoe
iho Sooioty'fl fuimdatjon in lS45 bwu intercwlod and ketped
in all iiiattera pertaining to Archieoloi^y in Ceylon, the Council
wiflit to point ont the urgeni ncceanity tor tlie early rnwumption,
and fcho oontiiiiianco without break, of the work of tko Arokji 0 o^
logical Survey. l>4ay' ziivan*^ a gr«At inereasi.* in the coAt of the
work Uior and aIho nieiiiiB that many rnonuiii-pnt^ may be lout
Or ruined for ever. The Couueil cameally prc^ac tbie matter on
Bio early attention of Opwriimcnt,
TuE CnAlB^tAN'S Rrm^rks.
3. Tile ChAiriOATi, Sir P, AraiuvrlialaruN naid: — Before putting
to you the raaolution for the adoption of thia Boport X wi.di
to voiOEj tlie Soeieiy^a gr^t D'gTOt at tho illn^w of our Patron.
Hui E^icelleney tho Covemor^ and to expt^aa otir oam^t
wlahei and prayerw for hiB ri|;medy recovery, I fool auru that
it ia a HPOtirnebt in whieh tlie whole poplo ot Ceylon will
jnin nto, for by his n'i^e and Hympatliatic rule ha liaa laid
them under a great uliligniLon and won ihcir hearta aa no
Ciqvartiot ha^^ done within fno idiort a time. {Hear, hean)
They will, I think, de^'in it o disaHter to thbi laland if Bui
ExcelleOcyabould bo coiiip'Ued to leave ua liefore the explmt [rjh
of hbf term. Wo miss him v^^ry greatly to-night and wo are
happy lo leam that ho m mciking good progress, and will soon
be hiireHdf. I do not wisli to detain yon, an wo am all anxious
to hear ^Ir, Paul Pieria, but I would liko to luentioo tliat ths
"‘Papftitclm SiuiaTii,*^ a very iiupormiLt PAli work, for tho
proparatiou and publication of which we are indi-btfd to fho
muniliut ndo of our lato Oovi^mor* Sir Bobert ChalmeTw, and to
tho Rcholarshipof High Prin'St DhariiiArijiLa, and wluch inaugu¬
rates a iw?rieB of Bcholarly works to bo ealh'd the Alu^nh4r4
Edition, in now ready and will iboon be on sale at tkia ()£Bte.
10
JOUBNAi.* BhA-s. {cettlon). [Vol. SXVI.
Httfi, Xt. J. H. X^edeolya mdy^ the mloptmo of the mpoTt*
MuclaHyAr C* Proctor secondud. The irLO-tion waatinaiiiiEtou^y
CArried*
OipricE-BEAsmB^^
Sir James T. Broom propo#i.'d the ejoctioia of the foUow^
mg o9|c;0'bearurK: —
Pr^ndent ^.—Sir PoonambeilaMi Aruoiji^halaTa.
Vi&:-Pr^id€tu*.—MT. €. Hartley and Dt. E* A. CopifiaEoOp
Bishop o-f €dloml>o.
Vvuncil. —Jlr, C. Horflfall+ Dr, Joeeph Pearaoiip ttie Horu
J[r, K+ BalAHln^heiDi, Sir S, Obeypf5ekuro+ Mr, E. B. Denham.
Dr* Aitdremid KTuII, Mr. K. W. Byrde, Mtidaliy&r A. M, Gu^-
xf Sdva, A* ABthoaiez, F. Lawis ami
r . \V^. G ima^'ard haiM.
Trfojurrr,—Jitr. Gererd A. Jnaeph.
5rrrr/orw#, — H. C'odringtnD and Gerard Jofwph*
Mudaliy^ J, p. Obtjyi^tsekero AL'OOiidL'^i—oairied.
The Cbairiiuiri in introducing the lecturer p staid :—
'riiu nr.'xt i^m on die agenda k a Papor by Mr. Paul
Pierk. ilr. I'ioriH ^nrcely needs an Introduction from mo
to you. ^ ou all know him aa a distinguished Ciyll
■bervunt, who has for fiiany ytmra devoted hia B4.'.aiity leifcure to
huitoricaj reaimrcb and lioa by his lBi>aur 3 thrown mucb light,
iMpeoiahy on tha liktory of Goylon in the middle agos. He
h^ now tnmL-d to tlie field of areha^cilagicaj explor^ittoii* and
with eliai^terintic insight and energy he has made discoverii^
which are of the very greatoat interest. Of thcae diAcoveries ha
lias kiniily eon^ent^ lo let mt have glimptiea to-night, 1 have
mueik plensure in calling upon hifo to favour tia with hla lecturi],.
ID. P. E, PiorLs. D. Litt.* M.A.,C.C.S.. r&ad fcho rolldwmg
Paper: — r
No. 70 .—10174
11
HAGADIPA AND BUDDHIST B£HA
IN JAFFNA.
Bt r, E. PlEElS^ 1>. Li'IT’. (CAJfTAU,), C.C.S.
CHAPTEH I.
TL^ connection of Xnrtli Ceylon with Gautoma
Buddha dates back to a period anterior to the Vijavaa
settlement, for it; was at Nagadfpa tliat the Buddha
preached his serm{>n on reconciliation durinjir hia second
visit to Lank^ [Mahdi'a^a i.).
Ill Nagadipa, moreover; there wag an important
harbour;^ Jambukola; this commiiiilcated with Annradba-
pura by the truuk road which ran from the northern ^to
of the Capital, and its distance therefrom may he cal¬
culated frcuo the fact that a great religious pruccssion
starting from the port was fourteen days on the road
before it readied the Capital iJI\ It was from
dambukola that De van amply a Tissa*g ambassadors
started for Aedka^s Court, F^taliputtap and it was here
they landed on their return (M, si.)- Its chief daim to
be rememberGd by Bnddhists arises from the fact that it
was here that SaA^haniitta, accompanyinfr the Bo Tree,
disembarked (M. sdx .); in commemoration of this import¬
ant event one out of the eight shoots which sprang from
the first fruit home by the Bo was planted at Jambukola
Fattanama, and Tissa, not long before liis death* erected
“in Nagadipa the Jambukola Vihira at this Landing
place, the Tissamaha Vihiira and the Pacin^rama/'
(J/. Xi.).
All this was j>iior to 200 B.C^t and for the next three
and a half centuries, which were marked by the turmoil
caused by various Dravidsnri invasions, the MoAdivi^o
gives us no further information regarding Ndgadfpa.
12
40UBNAL, B.A^. (CSVLONs fVoL. XX7I.
The Sinhalese were for existence in the South,
and DO Tnntil record of the events whirh took place in the
North has yet been found- However, by the middle of
the second century of the Christian Era, circutustances
had altered to such an extent that Mahallaka Naga
(whence the name Ndga ?) was able to found the Sail
Fabbata Vihara in Ndgadfpa (.V. sssv.), and a generation
later Kanittha Tissn repaired the "temple” at X'dgadfpa
(.1/, sssTi.). This example was followed by Voliarl^
Tissa, who ascended the Throne in 215 A.D., and who
built walls round the Vihara named Tissu in Nagiidipa
{M, SMV1 + ).
Tb^ Siiiliiiltae power was once more firmly
eatablislicd io ibe Norths and tkouj^h suticeedirig^ warps of
invasiou dreDobeil tbe province with blood and no doubt
added cousiderably to tbe Tainil-apeakiug in habit ants
who were already there, the Siobalose Kiogs who from
time to tidie were powerful euou^^li to hold the flood in
cIiK-k, eoLSJStejjtly iisiierted their supremacy over Xaga-
dipa. Thus in the sixth century’ Ajj^ibddhi built the
rtdic house Rajjiyairiaa ia N^ag-adipo (.1/. xlii,), and wlieo
tour centimes later Vallabhap Kinp of Cola/ “sent forth
an arniy to ^"agudfpa to coutjiier this countri/'
Lafik&. M ah in da IV, despatched (here his Genertd xSeoa
aod rotnjielleil I be iiivjider to sue for peace (d/, liv+^^
while ill the elevefitb eentiny Vijaya Bahii the First, in
the course of his long rcigii of fift^^-fiTe jchtSt once again
repaired Jauibukobi Vihara (J/. lx.). This supremacy
must have been more than maiDtaiued daring the efliciput
rule of ParahrainEi Baku the Great t it is hard to imagine
that the \ ihjiras of Xagadijiii did not receive a sliaro
in the attention whieli under him was eo freely bestowed
on religious buildings; so uiiiuerous. however, were Ids
Works of piety that the Sinhalese Chronicler had at last
to content himRclf by giving only their numbers^
*TUe iTorda '^King of Cela"
1913, p.
are not in the Pali text
Xo. 10—mi7,]
TikQkDf^A.
13
CHAPTER II.
The above brief akcteh will have tuade it clear that
in til* fifteenth ceiiturj a Sinhalese ^holar could have
been no more ignorant of the TK>aittou of a spot ao aacrcd
as Ndgadipa, than be could have beeUp for matance» of
the position of Mahiyangann^ Fortimately such a scholar
lias left to us n very clear indication at any rate of hia
belief. This informatiuii is contained in the Nam Pata^
which is u list compiled in that centun^ of the most
important religious centres in La^d- This contains a
flection which begins: “In the Deniafn which
is, of course, Jaffnapataiiu It continues as follows;—
Kovila
Kadiirugoda Yi ha ray a
Tdipola
Mails gamn
Minivsiigoniti Yiharaya
Tanoi Divayioa
Xign Divuyilia
Puyongn Bivayina
Kara Divayiua''
It is not difficult to identity these under their present
nameSf which nre:^—Xagar Kd^dl, in Yad^iniardchchi j
KantarddaL^ TeUipalal, Jlalldkam, and Viniahhanism, in
Valikdniam; and the Islands Tana Tivu fKuytE)j Apalai
Tivii, NayLni Tiv a, Fankudu Tivu, and Kora TiVu.
It will be a perverse mind which is able to believe
that the author of the Nam Pa(a, when he spoke of Ndga
DIvayina, referred to anything else than the small Island
of Xnj.'ipfS Tfvu, The ndigbus associations of thifl Island
are pruhahly tnucli earlier than the date of the Buddha:
the alleged snake or Xdga vrorship of the place was a
soiirire of irritation to the Portuguese and their successors
the Dutch during their temporary occupation of the
Kingdom of tlaflfnnpataui: and to-day at is the scene of
one of the most important pilgrimages in the Xortheru
Province. At the same time it is obvious that the Mahd-
could not, under the description Xdgadipap have
14
JOURNAL,. B.A.3. (CEYLON). [VoL. XXVI.
referred exclusively to this Island. Great Kings with
tlieir armies would have hardly crossed over there to fight
battles such as the Buddha carae to prevent. The ChoU-
yan* Vallabha would bardlj have seat forth his army to
XayiDa Tfvu for the purpose of eoDqueriajr Lanka, aor
would a Siubalcse army have considered it necessary to
follow the enemy there; and finally, NavLqi Tfro has no
harbourage.
I have very little doubt that the name Dipa^ os
used in the n+fons to the same thiojr as Demala
Patt^nama and Yapa Fa^iiiKi^ that is, to the entire Penin-
sola with its Islands^ eiLtending roughly from Xdjrar
K6viJ to Xayiijd Tfvu. It nught be urged that Xaga Dfpa
must necessarily be an Island, Ihfipn ; the answer to that
objection that Jali'na ia more of an Island than is
Jambudwfpa, India. I would further suggest^ for the
cDDsideration of those more competent than I am to
decide a philological point, that the origin of the name
YaiMpafuna is to he sought in the name of
J&mbnkoJa Patt^iiama.
Let us turn once again to the story of Sinhalese
supremacy in the Xorth. After the death of Parakrama
Buhu another series of ferocious Dra^idiau incursions
ended in the cstaHtshment within the Pattnnamof a Tamil
Principality which even threatened the complete estinc-
tiou of Sinhalese power. The Buddhist sacred places were
destroyed or given over to priTate parties, and the Island,
north of a line from l^olonuanjwn to 51ap.par, wm largely
in lamil hands. The success of Parakraitia
Bdhii Served, after a time, to keep the enemy in checkp
but it is doubtful if he was able at any time to enforce his
supremacy beyond the Vanni. At any rate the dawn
of the fifteen til century' once again found the Tamils
so threatening in t]ie South, that it was only the genius
and military capacity of AlakiS^wsm Mantri which pre¬
pared the way for the peaceful accession to the throne of
Enkul^ ParAkrama Bdhu, who commenced his long reign
of fifty4wo years in 1415 A.D,
•ScMf note on pago
No, 7^.—1917.}
15
CHAPTEJl III.
Eyewitnesses and contemporaTy writers Iiave left
to UB a vivid record of the events wbitli took place in
JaiFtia at this time. Arya Chakravarti, a powerful
Canai'cse (Kopul \\ 23fi) of the Kira|a
{K.*S. 251) Clau^ wjis still the independent ruler of the
Norths and it appeared to Parakroiiia Uahii not seemly
tliat another should exercise kinffly j.KJWer in any part of
Lftokd* The King's o wn son, the gullaiit So pumaJ
Kutnaravii, was selected for the task of wiping off this
stain from the royal honour^ and he advaiiced nortliTvards
at the head of an army comijosed, not only of “Si^bahij
Maiala, Doluwarap'^ but alswv^ it is interesting to notoi of
“Beiualft,” nr Tamils., 2511- The passage of the
liUim l>ya or tTppii Arii was strongly held by the enemy
at Javaka K6dd^b a s|;K>t between Xav&tkiiii railway
station and the Arn ; but titey ivere driven away with loss
and the Prince pnsbed on to Nalldr, the Capital, which
was carried by storm. An eyewitness has preserved a
lively account, which is no doubt familiar to stn^lents of
the Rdjdiy4tii/af of this incident. "The Senanayaka Sapii
Kumaraya, mounted on bis sable charger,. led bis great
army within YapApatnna Nn^vara. Now a powerful
a Moor^ was lying in ambush, determined
to cut down and kill the Prince and hia burse; whereupon
tiie Prince rode his horse at the Moor and run him throngh
the breast, so that the spear-head protruded from bis
buck. Instead^ however, of shaking off the body^ he
secured it on the prongs of his spears which he supported
under bis arm like a banner, and in this fashion he gal¬
loped round the four streets. After this he captured ibe
Aryas there in nets like to a herd of deeTj and woo for
himself the name of Ariya Perumiii| **
Arja Chakravai'ti fletl to the opposite coaat (K.S^
2&i) and the victoriDus Sapumul took np his residence at
Nallur as Sub-Eing. To Mm the President of the
Irxigulkula Tilaka College, or Pirivena, at that ancient
and historic spot, Mulgirigula, sent a message. It was
a beautiful message, glowing with exiilicrant imagery.
10
JOUBNAt, B.A^. (CfiYUOS). (VoL, XSVI.
ricb witb warm appreeiatjou of the beauties of nature,
weighty with digniHed leamiqg, and of infinite Talne as
a codtemporary deaoriptioii of the country traTeraed on the
road from Devi Nuwara—the City of the Gods—in the
South, to Xallur—the City Fair— in the Xorth. This
tnessijge is the Kavnf Sandifaya, a poem of 383 verses.
"Beloved/' says the learned priest to his chosen mea*
senger, the £okIla, "wing thy way to Yapa Fatnnft, Dar
Huynl Prince Sapumal has Jiiveii away from there Eiof;
A^a Chakravarti, and lias established himself in warlike
might. To him offer this my dutiful mesaaEc” (v. S),
Arya Chakravarti beheld his glory, dazzling as the
glory of the Sun. He beheld his might, which was noised
throughout the Fighteea Ratos, Thereupon grief
entered into bis heart; he ahandoned bis realm and fled
beyond the Sea" (v. 2C3).
Ijo, he sits upon the Lion Throne, our Prince
Sapumal; he, the stainless one, gifted with wisdom, good¬
ness, and fortune; he, for ever the loving Defender of the
Faith ol the liuddha" (v, 366).
Xoi long lifter the Prince returned to and of
his return has sung one greater than the Parive^ddipati
—the Tljuya Ualiu Sangha Rdju, gri Hahula of Tofago-
muwa, the greatest name in Sinhalese literature.
"Dear one, behold, here comes Prince Sflpumal, The
Captain of our host, Conqueror of Yapa Pftt«nn; he iides
his dark-bay steed; above him is the white sesat, and hie
jewelled splendour is as that of the Lord of the Day”
^dW^ripi, w 28 ).
The Prince left Jaffna, but he is not forgotten there;
everyiky the gods are reminded of him under his royal
name of Bhuvanaifcu Bdhu at the Enndaswaml Kovif at
Xalliir.
chapter IV,
I think I have sufficiently outlined the intimate cou-
Oection n hich existed tlirriugh eighteen centuries between
the Siiihalese and their religion, and the North of Ceylon.
No. 70.—1017.]
n
Abimd^iit ovideoce of the Sinhsle^ occupation is avail¬
able on all aides in the place names. T^likdmam (W^li
gama)^ the main divL^ton ^uf the Peninsula, atlU prefervoy
their poLiticalj 5uat Kodik&mam^ (Godigomuwa) does
their village^ divisions; Udat^i/ and Kat Pokka^ai (Gal
Poku^) their system of irrigation | Ko^lttinJi (kanda),
Tethpcijicii (pota), Udn|Jrii (pitija) and Ampa^i, their
geographioal distinetions; Putafaoui {Biiddha Ar^ma)
and Sadk&vatta! (Sa]^hay4< watta) and tho nnenerous
sites known or Pnttar Kovil (Buddliiat Temple), their
religion; T<ija vattai, TumpaM vattai and Fol vattai,
tho nature of thoir cultivation; KarnTH^zld vattai and
Vi^ut'd vattai their ocoui>ations: their Bower
gardens; Kitipd vattai and iri^r®fl»ffriinjta Pulini^a^
their names; and perhaps Puvanmka
(Bhuvanaika) \’nattai+ Ativfra Yaku (Baku) t^van €kini4
^nd Si^a Vaku t^va^ Kurichohi^ the names of the South
Indian Generals employed by tho Sinhalese Kings. This
opens up s large field for inquiry, which has recently been
receiving aGaniion and is, I am glad to siiy^ being
exhaustively dealt with by a competent Tao^il student^
Mr^ Coomaraswamij of the Pulice Office^ Jafifna. I need
only add that the Siiihale.se term G^ma was officially'
in Dom Philippe ^IsRcarenhsa’' jPoraf of Jofonapuido
1645 A^D^p to describe the lands in the Yanni which were
allotted to the Tamils for purpoaea of cultivation.
What then was the port in Ndgndfpa where the Bo
Tree was landed? It is obvious from the 3Jahdmma
narrative that it was tho chief centre for commupucatjon
with North India, in the same way as Mahiti|tha or Man-
tola, was the port For South India. It was a aeven days^
journey by water from Tamraliptl at the mouth ol the
Ganges, and a very easy fourteen daya^ journey from
the Northern gate of Auuridhapura. A glance at th^
map will show that either KAnk^£jsatU|wi or Paruttittufai
must have been the place in question, and there is one
important conaideration which will assist us in arriving
at a decision.
Long before the arrival of Yijaya there were
in LaBkd five recognised Ismram. of §Lva which
IS JOU^AL. K,A.3. (Crri^ON). [VOL. XXVI.
clflimed And receiv^od the adoration of all Lidia. These
were Tjrukk^ifevnrani near Mahatittha^ Munaissaro^u
domi Dating Snlawata and the Pearl Fisberr, TaniJAs^
rarato near Mantota, Tirukkonfevarain opposite the grant
Bay of Knddiy^r and Xakuleavaram near K^.hk4sftnturai.
Tbeir eitnation clrpse to those ports eaniiot be the
result of accident or caprine, and was probably deter¬
mined hy the concourse of a wealthy inereaiitile j>opn]a-
tioD whose religious wants called for attention. The
temples in Sea Street in Colombo are a modem ilingtTation
of the ope lotion of the same principle. The presence of
Xaknl^svararii and of the lempic at now
the holiest in the Peninsula, near Kink^santtarab
immediately fmint to this latter as having been the chief
IK>rt in the Peninsula in y^ty early times. It ^iiU he
urged, and with much reason, that CrAtumi, tile modem
Kayts^ is a better harhemr than K&nketiaptupaj, and that
it affords safe anchorage all the year through, which
K&hk^^aptufai does not^ It Tuay he also conceded that
in Portuguese times Uraturai was the port for the King¬
dom of HTaffnapatam, though this might have been
intlueneed by the fact that their Custom House, where
all goods had to be landed, was at the present town of
Jaffna, comiuanded by the guns of their fort of Noua
Senhora dos Prior to the arrival of the
Portuguese dso tjr4tur%i was a port of importance, es
is proved by a Tamil stone inscription at Nayi^jA Tivu,
though there again convenience of communicatiou wUh
the later capital of Nallur, by way of Ko|uniputiniai+ no
doubt affected its position. Against this contention,
however, must be urged the fact that iJrituFai is on an
iakod, Tana Tivn, and that to reach the Peninsula from
that port two arms of the seft have to h& orossed first;
whereas in the Mohdvan^a narrative there is no hint that
the great procession which esrorlcd the Bd Tree began
its march hy being rowed aver two sheets of water. Such
a port would not have been selected so long as another,
wbich did not necessitate conveyance hy waterj was avail¬
able. I am inclined to the opinion that K^nk^saptu^i
was the chief port of the Peninsula at the time, and that
No. 70,-1917.]
N^iGADfPA.
19
it Was at Kank4]9flpturfti that Saj^ghamittd landed,’*^
It appears tmm the Makdm'^ that the 36 Tree
procession on the first day of its progress halted for the
moroLug meal at a spot which would command the utmost
venerotioD of all Uuddhista^ being none other than the
place where the Buddha alighted on his visit to lYaga-
dipn. This was the site of the future Facina Yihara
and here Tiasa erected numerous monuments to mark the
sites connected with the visit of the Buddha (J/. xrs).
Ln view- of the refection hour of the priests the pro¬
cession must have halted at about 10.39 a.m,^ and it can
hardly be cApected that with all the delays iDcidental to
getting a great body of men started on the road^ the dis¬
tance covered on that morning was much more than sii or
seven miles. Ecre was, in the eyet? of the BuddbisU, the
sacred spot in Xdgadipn; it was here that one would
naturally expect great religions hnildings to he erected.
Throughout the centuries of Sinhalese influence, this
spot mnst have loomed large as the Buddhist
centre in Nagadipa. The text of the .t/a/jHnap,fa is
stiU too uncertain, and onr knowledge of the application
of early place nanies still too meagre, to allow of any dog¬
matising f^ased nil its somewhat inconsistent uarrativc;
but lentotively I advance the three following sugges¬
tions ;—
Ui) Nagadipa is the peninsula of YApu|>atuna;
(A) The B6 Tree was landed at Kuhk^i^inturui'
(r) The site of the Buddha ^a second \dsit to Lankd
should he looked for at the distance of a com¬
fortable morniiig^s stroll from KAnkAri^antu^i
on the road to Anuradhapnra.
CHAPTER Y.
Some montha ago^ while on my way to
I chanced to look out of the window of my railway car¬
riage when approaching ChunnAkam (Sink. Hunngama)
station^ when my attention was drawn by the appearance
of a mound close by and to the west of the rail track.
another idbntiUcaEicm <3i *' Jambukola' ' , wem p. -SS iA/tra.~E(i ,
30
joubnal, (ceylok). [Vot. XXVI.
Eyery moiiiid Jfi au object of interest in a country where
the greatest natural eleyatioE is oulj thirty feet, and in
addition there was Bomething peculiar about the shape of
this tiiouiid. Some months later I went and inspected
the tuTiiidHif, and thus discovered the first dagoba in
Jafnapatam.
On this second occasion I learnt from a villager that
about fifty years ago a canned stone had been found in
digging a well in the same village, and had been removed
to the once r<jyal village of Kdppay^ I therefore
Went to Kdppay and traced the stone and discovered that
it was a perfectly preserved limestone ^ terminal of a
dAgoba spire. The stone is a !^ugar-loaf twenty-one inches
high and deeply- grrvoved into six parallel diminishing
bands. The base is twelve inches in diameter and is
hollowed out to be fixed Into another stone below, while
the top is prepared fora metal finial. It is shown staD<ling
on a jiedestal in Plate Tl. The owner willingly
surrendered the prerioua £tDne when I pointed out to him
its signifieancep and it was removed in triiimph to -laffiia
Fort.
nidden aivay in the C'omfoHablo garden which the
generosity of Mr. Dyke had provided for the delertation
of those who from time to time should be his successors
in the office of Governnieiit Agent of tkifl out of the way
Province, is a fine icuage of the Buddha, also of lime¬
stone, dug up in 1!K)2 at Kodd^ivi Yattai, once a
Sinhalese ff o/ia, and now a hamlet of Ghiipiiikani- I
visited the sfjot where the image had been found, and
discovered close by a structnre of large ancient bricks.
I reported matters to this Society^ and through its
aBsistance obtained from Government a sum of Rs. 150
for teat escavatioiis. I commenced at Tidal as the spot
is locally called^ for Hifal fa Tamil meana a mound;
and four days work, m which T waa greatly assisted hy
Proedor ilr, T. Coomaraswaiiii^ revealed all that I desired
to know. Wc uncovered the hrick platform of a dngoha,
measurmg roughly forty feet a side. The space within
wpa built up with large blocks of hard rough atone, known
No. 70.—1917.]
nAgadIpa-
21
locally Kadi^iklal or rnirsitialp act in lime pbiBter^
The garlrh^ or bell had ronaUted of the same material,
faced with strong lime cemebt three inches thick. The
basal Tinf^s unJ the Aofrrr^ Irofutm, etc*^ had been faced
with coral stone, handsomely moulded in various designs;
this and tlie plastering had either fallen down or been
broken down anti quantities of the corat atone^ white and
clear cut, was found among the debris. Till six years
ago the had risen about twelve feet above the
platform; and then eatae the usual vandal, who lias done
so much at up idly ignorant mischief to valuable antiqui-
tica, and cartloads of the dagoba atones were dug out
with pickoxes and removed for use on the railway line*
Fortunately the coral monldinga hidden in the earlier
debris, escaped. Funds were short, and T stopped the
work here at this point (see Plate I*). There are brick
foundations on the same land on the other side of tlie
railway awaiting exeavation. Mr. Coomaraswaiiu kindly
obtained for me a Tiion Massa of Parakmma Bnliu said
to have been found In the rillagcs hut he was iiiiEible to
be pf.>sitivc E.B to the locality.
t)u certain ioformation received I next vbited the
village of Kantarddai* which, as already iMunted out+
is the iSinhalese Kadiiriigoda. The ifitermediate stage
ill the development of the name appears in Masc^areiihas"
Ff^raL where the village Candaraendde is pflacsaetl for the
l-iiofl Tax at 37 pardtios^ 1 cfiacran^ 171 ftitinmti and for
the Poll Tox at 6. 1. 10. At the last Census the
population consisted of 444 males and 437 females.
Tile termination tjod'i, being pronounced by the Tamil
as (cudde), soon developed into oda and the Tamil
6dai, so that in decals of the middle of the last century
the village even appears as 6dai Xuricbchi* The
descriptive name ^^>4^ can be well applied to the Tillage^
as the undulating nature of the ground is very noticeable
in this flat enuntrr* It is situated six miles south by
West of Kankesantnrai, and adjoins Uduvil, a village
which is entitled to much more attention than it has yet
received + if it be only by rirtne of its important tank.
22
JOIBWAL, ^CEYtON). [VoL. XXVI.
Tbe size and massive ronstructinn of Its bund, a portion of
wJiicL is now ironverted into a eoconut ^rden, aa ivell m
t-lie lar^e airetdies of fioe (ielils which are adjacent, indi¬
cate an extensive scheme of irrigation. The tank itself
is connected with tliiee others, and a large channel leading
from it still HuryiTes in spite of all the encroaching
activity of adjoining landowners. Kaiitardd»i and
Uduvil, with Chiti^kaai. form the centre of the solid
westerii chunk of the Peuinaula which bears the Sinhalese
name of Tdlikamam, and they are links in the chain of
Sinhalese names, inclnding Tellipalat, Vimafikdinam,
MDllftkaui. Chun^kfim, U(hivil, Iijurii, Kondavil. and
Kokkiivil, which roniieet Kankdsantutai with the
Capital.
I was fortunate enongli on my first expedition to
meet Mr, I’roctor t. S. Poniiambalatu, who very kirnUv
accompanied ore through the viUnge. I fotind a new
well heing opened, and o„ looking down into it my
attention was attracted by some blue specks, I therefore
de.scciidecl into the well and found there so much of
inte«.Nt that the next week I opened a pit for the purpose
of fiinhcj investigation. The sf'ot is a palmjTa garden,
nnd ejiiite flat, and at a depth of three or four feet the
debris of hnitdiiigs was cTieouutercd. This consisted
pntnaniy of routing tiles mixed witJi large fragmeots of
strong IiiuD plaster about three inches in thickness. For
a width of about six feet the tiles found were glazed or
enamelled on the upper surface, which was grooved, in a
rich blue lyilour laid uu very thickly and fired. There is
grooving not only on the upper surface but also on the
under surface, to admit of the tiles fitting into each other.
Belo w these tiles was a large deposit of slabs of coral stone
moulded and otherwise, and all wedge-shar>ed, having
manifestly been used in a ilagoba or other ciixjular build¬
ing.^ It is not possible to ascertain at present the
beautiful tiles. Tlie Superintendent
of the Madras ^luseum informs me that such
tiJes are nnhnown there nnd no similar tOes are on
mew at our Museum: but a lump of " enamel ” of the
No. 70.—1917.]
23
fiazue coloiiFp fotiiid i^t Anuradhapura, ia ahown^ I found»
however, on eiramibiug the atore-room here a couple of
fragments of similar tilea brought from TiaaamaliiLr4iuaf
and datiog about the first century before Christ. Appar¬
ently what I bad found had. been used as a roof over a
dagobUj and I bad alighted upon the site of a ddgoba of
speciol importance.*
I DOW began a more methodical examination of tJie
village^ vffliting a large number of the carefully screened
dwelling compounds. I was accompani&d by Rasana-
yagam Sludaliydr, the Secretary of the District Court of
Jaffnap to whose persisteocy^ wide and accurate informa¬
tion, and inteOigeut co-operatfon+ f nm under a deep
obligation. What we discovered filled me with astonish-
ment i; we had discovered a village scattered oil over with
broken tiles. It does not require much knowledge of
ancient sumptuarj’ laws to know that tiles indicate a
palace or a temple, and here there is no tradition of a
palace. Tiles lay about in profusion on every side^, in
thick layers. Here and there masses of brickwork were
aeen^ but hnrks are much in demand in a country where
bricks worth the name cannot be produced for lack of
suitable clay. It was, Iioweveri the wells which soon
began to attract our attention; their number is great and
the majority" of them are built up of wedge-shaped coral
blocks taken from dagobas, while set in the plaster works
are aocieni roofing tiles. At one of these wells was
half a stone and low down in another waa a portion
■ SLr. \\\ N. lift*. Acting Govnninu»kit Ao*Jp»t. hfka- kinilly
nifllifld me with t|^ following import
^'The wofl about half 4 nikllbnOtTci tliLtk andwaa very mudli
ora^kna.
It wwf cuiLy wpii.ratadi [roiil tii» aubBtaxtee nt the tile and wu
cuy U7 powdnr.
SntAU pierafl an «iuiniiT>Atioa uniitr th# injcmBCOpfr appe«™l
tmn^Tp^mnt* *iid cantaiiwd bubhte« : hoibl^lM iliow irufUfhvrOiit
liQHting.
A qualitati\'n eXominatian dE b portion oE tho glaxih showed the
proflonco oE; Ferrieircui^ Alutninium, Ldnd, dJcSiun, iSodium, Coppor
Btkd iSahen.
Uko glnzo thoreEoEv im m soft gUuiA, tho cdEoitf m du4 to tbo prwtnw
of copper nnd ic nuodiUsd to hoido tnetont by the preaeQC# oE fomo
24
journal. h,a.3. (Ceylon). XXVI.
of a stone frieze, pointed out to me by a little boj Trho
Itbew it as the ‘“Eride and BridegroomIt should bo
not&i that coral stone is not to be found in the oeighbonr-
hood, and that all the imirnense quaotitj of dressed coral
which littered the village, had at one time been employed
for buildings, mainly of a cireiilar sl^ape.
The presence of several artificial mounds of a
moderate size, for the largest of them probably did not
exceed sixty feet in diameter, explained the abundance
of the coral blocks. These mounds are the remains of
ddgobas. and it seems strange that so large a number
should be found in one smaU village. There Tvere+ I
should think, quite a do^en of them, and so far we have
found the stone kofnt of sixteen of them; a few of these
are sliowo in l^latc II, There was no iiecesBily to
spend much out of the scanty stock of money available, in
order to asc^ertoin what these mounds were. The largest^
or one of the largest, is known as the Turumpn Tid»l> the
Mound of the Turumpas, a very low caste equivalent to the
Sinhulese Apullaijttd.q, who live round it. These have
been utilisLiig the material of the dagoha for many years,
and when I vi^iitcfl the sjiot a large coUectioo of the
I iiirfjkLil fiy>iu the ffarhftn had been dug up and was lying
ready for reiiioyal. fn various part-s the sites of build¬
ings were indicated by rows of the atone bases of columns.
These baaes consist of large blocks of VairaBai, some-
timeii three feet ncroas. roughly Tounded. and show'ing
DO the top a deep socket of about six ioches square, which
hod been meant to receive a column. Some of these
bases stiind clear above ground, and some w-ere found
under a couple of feet of earth.
The T%^mi] villager is intensely religious and fre¬
quently seeks a remedy for the ills of this life by erecting
a Vayiravar shrine, a remnant apparently of ancient Hero
Worship, Often the Bhrine consists of nothing more
than an iron trident fixed on a stone or log of wood and
pliired under a tree. Opprjaite this is set up a block of
hard atone against which on solemn occasions roconute are
broken to the honour nf the deity, and several of the
i
No. 70.—1017.] 25
kota^ were found ntDised for this piirpoee, heingr fised in
the ground with the base uppermost. The most interest¬
ing of the coral atone finda, namely, the nimiature dagoba
which is shown in Plate II. was also being similarly
used. Numerous temples In the District, I wos informed,
have drawn upon the ruins at- Kantnri6d*i for limestone.
On reJiching one portion of the village^ alt interest
in tiles, bricks and coml stone disappeared in the dis¬
covery of Hzueatone reuiains. This limestone, which
is simitar to what is fretiuently seen in .4&uriiidhapura+
is not to be obtained in the Peninsula, nnd along with
granite had all been imported from olsowhere. In this
portion of the village nearly every dwelling compound
yielded some interesting specimen. The large fragment
of the torso of what must have been at one time a
gigantic statue (see Plate IX.) was being used at a well
for washing clothes on- A drain by another well yielded
the tallest of tlie shown in Plate 11.+ the base of
the circular column in Plate HL and the massive block
of limestone on which the heail is shown iii Plate ^
This last block is a coping *ttone, one of several found
at various spots, and is stunicirrular above with a fiat
base grfMived down the middle for setting in the plaster.
Another well yielded the specimen of Ihiddhist railing
ornament shown to the right of Plate III. A fine specimen
of this type, complete with a hnsidsoiue projecting mould¬
ing on one sidc^ is be i tig used at a Kifi Kdvik These
slabs were no doubt used in the ornamentatioii of dngobas,
though I cannot suggest the use of the similarly orda-
meuted cylindrical block on the left of Plate III. and which
has a socket at the top, unless it be the top of a pillar
prepared to receive the capital. The slab by the side of this
last was found at an old woman's hut; it will be seen that
it once formed part of a circle, the diameter of which Mr.
Baker. Su^Nerin ten dent of Surveys at Jaffna, estimatefl
at approximately 60 feet. This must have formed port of
Ode of the basal rings of a dagoba^ A portiod of a granite
pzllarp buried as the door step of another hot, was the
only specitneii uf granite found.
24893
26
JOuRifAi., a.i^. (CETLOX). [VoL. XXVI.
What was perhaps of a^j much ictereet as anything'
else were the great fragments, sometimes nearly three
feet across, of lime concrete, which were found used as
stopping stones and at wells. This concrete is from fire
to sii inches thick, and freely miseij with shells. 1
was told that there is an entire roadway paved with this
concrete, but have not excavated for it vet. Some little
distance away, at the PillaiyAi K6vil at Mnkayappiddi-
another Siuhalese name—is the pretty sheet of water
shown in Plate Yl. On either aide of the flight of steps is
^t lip a Mock of audent stonework ; that appearing in the
illustration once formed the feet of o gigantic statue of
either a royal personage or of the Hflitrevn Buddha as
appears from the HratHi/on the ankles. ’
Among the most valuable of the finds are the two
portions of the body of an image of Buddha found
sepurately In a field where there are some stone pillar bases
m 9itu. The feet of this had been formed of a iseparate
block nr had been lirokrn oflp and subae(]ueiitly fastened
to the body by means of iron tods, the hollows for which
may be seen. Similarly the right arm had been formed of
u seimrate piece. The sinue field yielded the second
argest koK, in Plate II., as well ns the head of a Buddha of
hmnic a,Be shown in pjate I V. The head had been broken
off from the Imdy and the fracture had l.eeii repaired in
^tlie fiame fashion as in the case of the feet of the other
Bud<lha. These jwem to indicate a period of foreign
imaaion followed by a Buddhist revival.
At the edge of this field is a dngoba, to which the
iota had probably belonged. A trench was sunk across a
portion of this and revealed the fact that It was similar
in its constnu'tion to the one at Chupi^kam though of
much greater si^e. There was however a striking lack
of the remains of plaster work. About ten yards
beyond, amongst numerous stone pillar bases. Rasa-
nayagam lludaliyar detected a projecting piece
of limestone which he insisted on my digging op.
A whole day was occupied in the task, the excite-
ment of the workmen Increasing with the increase
sIoadIpa.
27
No, 70,- 1017 ]
in tba apparent AitB of Lk& block; at last wkb a aliont of
tritimph they turned over what was found to be the body of
an immeDae liii^Idbaj the fiag^meiiLt weighing nearly three
quartern of a ton (l^late V.). Here again the Hght arm
had originally been formed of a tH^parate block and haa not
yet been traced. The left arm had been smashed in the
fall and uutnerous small fragments, iucludiog the portion
shown ill the illustratioQ, were dug up. It is quite easy,
however^ to calculate from what is left that I lie figure when
complete most have tneasured nearly five and a half feet
across the shoulders. The image bad fortunately fallen
from its on its face, and the folds ol the drapery
are iu beautiful preservation + Further digging revealed
a great block of a special quality of V&irakkul, which
appears in the middle of the Plate j with a raised circular
disc, on which the image, which must have been sedent^
was no duiibt originally fijxed. A,t the same spot waa
found the slab of liuiestoiie appearing in the back-
gTOund; this is moulded down one aide and is marked by
u fuirly deep large hollow with a smaller and shallower
hollow to the right of it. The corresponding portion on
the left is broken, ,Mr. Natlianielsz. D.E.* Pallai, to whom
1 am indebted for the photographs^ suggested the explana¬
tion that this stone formed part of the flooring in front of
the add that the hollows had been formed where the
knees and the hands respectivelj of kneeling worshippers
rested on the ground. I think the explanation is highly
probable. The ske of this Image can leave little doubt
as to the high degree of sanctity which once attached to
the place. The building in which it had been placed, ao
far DS one can judge at present, cousisted of a central
nove running east and west, with aisles to north and
southH The is at the western end, and the image
was placed facing the east, with a verandah or passage
behind it. The floor was reached at the depth of four
feet and was found to be of thick concrete. So far as
the excavatioD has gone this floor measures 56 feet
from east to west and 36 feet from north to south. To
the south of the dsunu and about ten feet from it we found
JouBNALp B.A;a. (CeYiXjnJ, [VoL- XXVL
2S
a fine alab of stone whicU iSp roughly^ five feet square, and
nine inrbes tkirk. On it are six depressiDDS which
require expLanation, tbou^fh T nni ioelliied to think the
stone was used either ns a mat. d^ana or a Itanda
The quantity of tilee so Ear met with is singnbrly small,
and there la no eertnin indicatLon as to how the building
came to he destroyed, Not a fragfment of nietnl was
found anywhere.
The field adjoiniiif^ on tlie east is a very promising
site, where the tiles are heaped up thick among stone
pillar bases. It is obvious that a religious establishment
of great imjKjrtanee Imd at one time occupied these three
adiaceot lands^ which are within a shout's distnnee oE ihe
Uduvil Tank,
Jlr. V, Mudlr^ Muttuveln Fillaip one of the most
promiueut landowners of Jaffnap who had been of very
great assisianee in the eotirse of our iiiquirie5+ in¬
formed me that some years back, while a well
was being dug In one of his numerous lands in
the villagej the workmen founds at a depth of about
aixteeu feetp what he considered to be a piece of square
mosaic work set in copper; thi* he subsequently pre¬
sented to a Catholic priest and the article can no
longer be traced. A specimen of crystal ornament
answering to this description and found at Anuradhapura
is on view at this iluseuta. He also informed me that in
one hamlet thete is a dei>osit of millions of the cores of
chank shells which had been cut for purposes of
firnament; he showed me some of thcni^ and he himself
hud iitilisfrd several cartloads for burning lime. 1 was
unable to investigate thi.^ ancient centre of an industry
which la no longer found in Ceylon. He further told
ine^ ami in tliiH he w^as confirmed by several others, that
near some of the mounds fragments of gold are found
in the water channels after heavy showers, and T was
able to obtain a few samples of the ancient beads, etc.,
which had been picked up by the vtllnge urchins and
wdijch arc similar to the articles found at AnuTadhapum.
He finally presented me with a cornelian seal engraved
siOADfPA.
29
No. 70—1917.]
with 0 «i‘omati's head, obd mounted in silver, wlneh had
also been dug up In the village. The seal itself might be
of any European pge, but the metal ^vork is probably
Portuguese; 1 find from the Forni that in 1645 amoTi|^
the landowuera of Candarcudde were Isabel SnaT’eA^ wife
of lianoel da Sylveira Coutiolio; Martim Cnrralbo, and
Francisco Siieyrn de Ares.
Kantar6^ai appears to me to he a mioiature
Anurddbapura buried lq the Tamil country. Nothing
gave me more pleasure than to witness the intelligent
interest with wbicb my investigations were followed by
the villagers, Xot one grudged to surrender his pro¬
perty when be was assured that they were being collected
for the benefit of bis own j»eople, to be kept in a central
place where all could see them. Only where any masqnrv
work bad to be destroyed was it found neceasary to pay
some little eonipensation to assist in restoring the same,
Mr, K, Thiyaganijft Pillai, the owner of the land where the
chief e:xcavations were carried on^ not only willingly
acquiesced in nur trespass^ but also rendered us great
assistance securing the nec essary labour. All the work
at KantArodai cost less than Es. 100.
I finally investigated Vimank4inam the ufher
Vikdra mentioned in the Naai P&ta. I bad no difficulty
m tracing the site of the hiiildingj and a morDing^s work
laid bare twn small chambers on an eitensive site, I
examined the village and peered down every one of the
numerous wells which I passed; in pot a single other
place did I find a fragment of coral or Umestone.
I bad profared this aefouut by the remark that at the
distance of a tiitkrning's stroll from Kankusantupil Bud¬
dhist remains were to he looked for, and such remainn have
been discovered at the prukper distance in overwhelming
quaiitity in a country sup^Kised to be devoid of them.
I suggest that Katitar6d»i is the scene of tlie Buddha^s
\Tsit to Xagndipa, Aie then the numerous koltut the
relics of Devanauipiya Ti>isa^s "mouumeuta'^?
I have done my Uttle^ in a line of inquiry which is
not familiar to me, to place before the public facts which
30
JOURNAL p a.A-a. (CEYMW). [YoL. XXVi.
seem to me to I>e of great interest and whicli I think are
of value to tbe student; and I hope that ttda Society will
be able, lu the absence of an Axcta^loBigal Commiesioiier,
to take action to organise a systematic investigation.
iSTo 70 — iDlT.
J'BtXCEEDINGS.
31
Miidalsyttr R+ VyLliiniiflthjm rea^i the foUpwing nota
meat m by Muduliyur Cr Jt.4aAxi¥j.GA^t —
XAGADIPA " IX THE TAinL CLASSICS.
About thfH begiuning of U^h Buddhist t'ra, Oayion wiw
peopled by two tuc&a, the Yakklaafl and Ndgaa, the foroipi-
Muupyiog iJji- pontre &t Jdojid, and tlie latter Xag^ipa
in the norlii and Kalynni {K^aniya) in tJio weat, Theaa
two ratno became extuiE.^t centurloa ago mill the exception gf
a few atniggling survivtim who were absorbed into liio per¬
manent iropalaiion.
Several attempts have boen made to locate the ancient
N4gadipa, snrne idenlifying it witJi the MtnalJ island of Najin-
4tiVn and olhera locaii^ it near KoJpitiya.
The MaJidva^ rt^ntt^ how t wo N4^a kingi^, MaJjudam and
Cli1odLim> were preparing with tlioir armi^fji to wage a war b,%
Nagadipii for the posHc^ion of & gern^t throne left by a
Naga queen. Buddha took eompafisjoti on tiaem rmd apppared
before them and pToaehed to them a aermon on rocoaeiliatioo.
The kings ihi-reupoD gladly gawi up tho gom^t throne
to the divine laage, and from that seat ho (Byddha]! converted
eighty koiig of to his faith aofl pre8«>iitud the pmoioua
tltrono to tho X4ga kings o.h an object af worship.
This version gf the second visit of Buddha to C^ylan i&
corroborated in almost evt>ry detail by an aneiont Tamil
Sangham work cahtid 3/animftaZai.
Alanijn^kokii ift a Tamil |joemp written al)out the middle of
the Bccond eentiiry after Christ, by Chittalaioh-ChAttAndr.
a poet of the third Tamil Sanghoiu and a Buddidst. It tr^ at*
about tho life of MauiiEi^knlai, tho daughtor of the fatuons
dancer for whom Kovalrtn, the hiisbaud gf Kannaki, (known
as PattinI r>ewiy6 in Sinhalese) aWdoncd his faithful wife,
and of her nmunciation of tho world end bpconiing a Buddhist
reclnjwi-. Hence the title J/ani;,iqrl-akii Turffim or tho Bcntm-
ciatJon of Manimokalai,''
MnnitiiAkalai in tho cguniO of her wanderings is represenled
to have viaitcjd the island of MenipaUavaru, which was tlicn
on important ]jJaLe of pilgrimagv for the Buddltiats. The
AOjit^tiiy of thn place win dno to tliu prps^mce of a gem-^set
ae&t of Buddha, which had thu inherent virtue of enlightening
th€> ht^holih-r about liia prcvlouM births, and to the fact tlmt
Buddlin visited the island to stdtie a dispute between two XAga
kinp^, each of whom claimed tho seat as hio.
The story of Buddha^R visit to Manipallavaiti in thua described
in AfoaiWA-o/iii, Canto YlII*(b2, 4a-fl3>:—
QiamQ&fssr pQpQsjT^^
^^j£i 9px oftjr.9
32
JOUBNAl;* ft.A.3. (CRYLrONl. fVOL. XXVI
iLjcj^rGujESf optsifTp^
^ QlHiTi^UJt^ Qp^Ss^ Lfl.*«rjpr
,g)4^*t9-S3f *a^Lli^iE QiiSsrjpM
O ^LD
iLT^^^rp Qizi^CjD
i9;pa3ir^ Ojr.fliiffjpr
upsstmJtL^ Qp ^ 'iS^^p iLJiT,H0.O-^5i"
^iAlLl uj'ruSffOTfltJ
i9^ui-/dSflvr^s7 iu iuj^esr-h
SipSB!f iJi(^i}S g>.*.^ir Lir^
L 80 «uf insirtfirdu Oj«r0fiu|^^
OiULfl^ Q:ij®<i«s iM/rjP(]yif
_d5iiiGo0tfl up^ r^E^j-.f
^Li Qu0i^ CS^&rr JflJT® Q&r^^^u
^000^0 Qeurj^ifi
Qiji0^^£]J Qpa^sii ^snjr^0L£
OL/T0a/j^ Lj®>ir3c/ir
^dF0U] Cp^iTeJr^C/ p.T*sQ^gff
** In thii »eA-gjrt IhlcieI qt Munipalli^viaiEi .... — ^^ ,
Btifur^ th? of iLut* ttiuH ‘kvandr-riiig^ filono, thi^ra app4»^ed
the Btyst, plo^ti tlujrq Uj^ (Indra) xUn Km^^ of
tlic (i^llr^tialfl—n euM of iKM^QEiilog BpIendouT^ HpiNi^ailln^ ei^xil'
gent mjii of lilght. Rising from tho groujid to the auodard
height of thn^.^ cuhitH and oxtiiiiiiuig tnwuriia all direotiooi
into a widti] of nine euhila, ^ot nU round with cryat&l glriau
Out to ciiflfr^ront forniti anil efiapea, mid oxhibiting a iquaro
with podirra (Lottui) deH-igag Htoci-d tbu sent of Buddlia- Here
the treea dare not ehed any but fra^runt fiom^ne, nor tim
birds dare iiio-ke noiae even witii their fluttering plumes.
Now for this sctat of Dharmn of aph-ndoitr effulgent, endowed
with th*^ virtue of ita beholders of the Jr provioiia
hJrtlia, there app^red in rntiUvat two Na^ kingH from tlio
lower* regiona, caeh clainiing the Bjeat for liiinaolf. Unable
iPBre they to nmiove it nor c^o^l|d tln'y rid thi^'^iuM'<ivra of their
atrong deeire to pofwewi it. There, whpe with iiLkglity arinita
thoy waged a fiefTO strife with blood^shot ryee and liearte
aflame with mge, the nuiltero Muni (Buddha) ijodu them oraae
their atlife and rivalry. Bring at^att'd theroon hts preaehed
to them hi-^ Dhariiui., So xToAiy of reveroiiee even by the
devotoi^a of nxatehl«>»a expelli-noa is that seat of Dhaima which
now apf^Nurod before Slanuu^kalai.^'
• By the word ** Jower *" t» nkoant llie POuatTH lying towardd th4
■auth. Tlia northern landn wetv caUid £UXa and thuiO lo the
■Oulh 9 ^ ^ CU
No, 70—1917.]
FBOCEEDISOS.
33
it ill Liior^fora eyidont thstt tho bland of ^rarJpallavaiiL
Enentiionad in b no Dthor tiuLn N&gndipa of tl>o
ckronjuks anti th^^nj ia auffialent mati^rfaL ia Mani-
r^iikdlai to 4?iiabLo ua to locatu tiia oxact poAition of D^Iani-
palLavam.^
Ita diatHDco from KAvirippunipad4ii^»^nip tha anotant oapltal
of tho {7h6]a aountry, at tho looutb of tlia nvar K4v4ri^ b tltu-ii
deoeriJjod in Canto W-:—
y®0«Ti^ ^^sk&ifru Quif.^ 'h
€t!T£Bipsh^ (SiUj^Sssr^^
OjS^SSf ^ SsniT
—210-214.
^*Tfia j^oddEEiB >fiii>ini^kMlai* htild thaglrl in a clcsaa ambraco
and bvariog lior HOuthwiiircb^ liiirtj yojd’futs throtig}i the air,
dopoaiiad \mr in wavo^^irt Mauipallavaiu and departed."
A yojana b a nii^afiiim of diatanee vnryiiiK from 3 to 13 rnUoa.
It b, liowovoPp urtuaLJy calciilat€M:l ait i milefi and the
of Manipallavam from the riiout]i of the KAv^i oim l^a isafety
down in mtk^ an 11!0^
111 Canto XL ooDor tho following linoai—
aariutfu^^ ^srp^s/r
Q^Sif Ai^iUS- i&iSsSiF
iup^i-t^ fidp li&j rf-^STi^jJefeer JUtrSiu
i9p^ QiJEk^ih Qu^iEfSt^^ eSQm^
w p^ iUrf .®05Tr
in/tfosQ^j aw® fiu.^(3*aif®0*’_2L2G,
** Adifl^^^nl to thia [^laiiipa1]aviiin) b Batnodipa^ In it
atmidH the Jqfty ftoak Samaota on ^rhoso aummit are tho fo&t
of Qoddtia, a sbip of ri^^ht^uMDfnia to orof» the oeoan of birth.
Thom havo I woi^hippad and returned hithor,^'
Again in Canto 2 $, 107-109-
ajrts s?fldF^«ar®t£,^.? ^0Lo^=jjrsjQf •f/'' j|0i/Eij5
'■ The pn-aohurB ofDbamia who woro ro timing after won^hip-
ping tile pv&k in LajikAdipak^'
SanLBnra and Sanianoll both refor to Adam'a pyok, for tlio
wOotity of Uie Ih chie to the proo^nro of Hnddha's
foot-prJnta on It, and tlie AAnio b mid to bu at Ratnadipa
or Lankadfpa, thiia proving that Coylon ivait than known by
both thtwo naineM,
It should bo noted here that the pilgrimBi who woraliippod
Adarn'ri peak went to ManffM^tlavaiEi for tho purpose of doing
* Tk^ ^eddoAa after wh am the lieroina b thamcdi
:*4 JOURNALp B,A,3. (CEYLON[VOL. XXVl.
rny^rfince to fcho ae&t of Buddbn on their way liack
to Indio.
Aa Manip&Uavacn id adjorcent to tho lelnnd of hnok^ and
mfi it ia 120 raik^ to this aouth of the mouth of tliu Klvdrl,
It is not di^cult to ids’lltify it witli tho pemibcola of Ja^iyw,
wliieh 13 aa island but for the narrow Isthmus conneoting it
with die rrmlnlaiid. Protiobly in tho early dayH tJio Klu-
pLsTtfi-psssi lagoon eirtniidiid to tlio Bay of Bemgah thus niniking
Jaffna an bland.
1^10 dossoription of tha bland ba DoAtain&d in Maj^imikslui
is fill uxcioliciiit soeount oi what may bo aeon even to-day.
Thu,^ in Canto Vtll., linc^ aS-SS:—
0^3" U ^^eLTiLfOl ^flSsSipU UpSSiSH]!^
QlhQg,^ JP Qun £9i^:g S^pQpQpW^
u&^pLj
u.rs^^smp Lo«ir639.f u.Jt^ (Suffstf
uiTuS QssrSQ{r0
^ ^ BP ^0^ (9xjd ^ p {^sk
iUfr 1^ 0 rP’J ^ T ^
'* Sho (ManiiirLekivlai) wiuidoired ©verywhere over the baok-
wi^turs wliicli wpire thronged with binb hoating on the wavo-
orests+ or Aontlng aloft with outstretched wingsr Here the
ChiWti nnes in tlio iiir only to dsah down again i yonder is
thw Afuforal with foldi'd wing^ — birilH of every hue which,
widl the mahs swanta as thpir kin^> roost ranging theEnaolva©
tio art to tvffprtible th© opposing hosts of kings al war encampt-d*
and on long sandy dunes around thoso baok-watoTYi.''*
SuL-:li indoed would l>© a fanuliar aight to a sportsman who
frequmts the Imck-waters in JafTna.
Anti again in Canto XJ., Ikies 2-5:—
QaiSBaiTi^p r^Apopth (pjir^iL|J^
ffOTqsjrjifi Qo.f
M3 si /E’i
* * A t ManipiiLla^miii, when ManirU'^kAla had ednwiy wandered
about a Mi-ufom," looking at iho wiulo sand dunes, bloii«onim:;
groves an<l (jonds of cool wahata.^*
Tire whiio pwind dunK^s pro still faindiar features of our
lHndsciafs\
ft is Ihc^fiL'forp eJaar tlmt Xilgikdipoi reforrud to by the Sin-
holiMe ehranieiona is identical with tiro J>tffnn pcminsuJit. It
was luinwTk as X'ngadlp« to those in i^uth Ceylon, aa it was
• A mramiia yf disianm, innid to be about tsn UiilrS, or 7^ nafiloi
{Sintu-p^y«> U^alking disMiiloci. la the word ibiraJoei derived ffpfp
Sinb. ^fiYi Of ribff rffsci ^ — Ed.
Ko. 70.—iyi7.]
PACK: Kill)
35
paptitat4Kl by thi^ tribu gf Ndga^p and kndwn by tli* bc^auLi^ 1 d
parue of MnmpaLla^raixi* to iha Budldfiif^t pUj^^rUniB of South
Indift. Wliutiior th^ latb;-r luaciio o wiad i in origin to tlio prp&^oiCHi
of ttfiisafl mani) or to (yuwl it la now
diMoxiIr to eay,
Ab Janibukoln in X^bi4ipa was tho nortlirrn port of the
b^liind ol Ceylon in ancient and aa Nagadipa was an
important cuptnii of ptigrinuige to the Buddhiatap sottloni ftpcn
In^a and South Ceylon po doubt crowded into the country*
and tliu XugaSp cither by aubjugutlgn or by a^ieorption, becnmc
oxtinetf while the Tacnihi and Sinhaloun JivLd side by aida to
puBeu and hariuouy for so^nral centiiriea, os fa evident from
tlic nainua oi nnd lands HtilJ found In the p^piinjiula,
Unic^ the Tamibi emd SinlnLiose lived aide by aide at the
HOJiuf tune—at one time undvr the yoke of thi" Tamil kinga,
and at another un^lqr that of the Siiiliatenq kingn—thpag ipunca
wobild not have eiirvived at bIL
Tliat the X4L^a.’l were el flowed otit eim \yo nnen from the
fact tikal a vUlagu hy the name of Xiignr-kbvd m in tliM
us^treme eadt, and on ioJand by the name of Xagntivu is in
the eitremw west* This laliinrh wiihah at the timti of the
unthor of the SampitUM waj* known as Xugativu, haa lost that
DOjne and now called Xiiyiiihiivn, ils n Brahmin called
Xaiyn4|Mittar jurttliid at tlii^ plar^ and rehuilt the temple
that ivoh in nLlna at thu tiuie gf Ida arrival.
'Fhat the were ahaorbed into the laU-r oettlerH of
xKntLh Ceylon i» uvideneed by the pH"f?vnfta of Ruch RAitiCB aa
Xiipi^n, N^LLmma, N4g]p XAg^iaziip Xn^gamuttii, Xdgalingamt
XAgtpdriiii, Aic,, ui:i,d hy tfie worship of XA^iambirtni and
Ndganiiit^i^
The port oF Jumbukola vma probably what ia oow known
Jamb^i'tur^i or Samba[-turai, three mOeB west of Kkimalai.
Jstubukola, or, more corrwcily, dambiikola, pi more a Tamil
name than a t?mhah>fln one. ft id akin to .lamhuk^laru or
^rariihukdvajnin (ibonfir/am-^^i capo or hood-landh a naiiio given
to tiie iicad-land over thu harbour, to di«tingniHih it from
Kovalaiji on the extreme west end Kat-kovalam oa thu
uxtrouiu vast faear pDmtd\idroy* on the northern coast of
the PuniiiimiH. If M4toLa near Mujiii^r uould have at otiu
tiiTie nerved an a uhiuf port wliure Greek and Homan nfiipn
rodu at onirhor, Jamba^tupii uoultl ce^rtainly have served an
tlie landing plouiii of Sahgaiaittd and lier iftl-truo.
It U atab'd in tlio that D^vAnampiya Tisea
planted at Jamhukola one of the planta ghtainiHl from thu
original iSd-tree* Ho ecn.oted aleo a VUidra at the jjort of
Jiimhukola in Xagodipa i likowido the Tiseapiahdvihdra and
the Fheiii4vUiiIra nt the Bame port. The mina of a vihAra
and a digoba at a npot BtiU called by the viJIagure Go thu-
* Cojiipnie this JiLkinc WLtli Mjuai-^iiagadJpo-of ^nieof the SmhaleHO
wrik'rs.
(CEVLOS). [VoL. XXFI,
:t6
[uolu^a—a corrupt ion of within a Jiundr^d yard-i
of Jnnrbutut^i, probably nmrk the spot whore tho Bd-troo wad
planted j and an i^xtoimiva tract limd in CliulipuniRi, about
half a Dxilc to the i^uth of Janibuturab ealLxd Tis^sariuilutni,
prnbabLj piwer^'ea the luemoiy of D^vinainpiya Tisaa^ii viait
and of hia TieifiaiiiahavilidraL At TiHaunialuwa ai os at
Bodhimaluit'a H?an even now bo aeon ihe baap-a of pillar^,, such
aa ore ho frequent at KantarddaL
The ljuddliidtie Luportonee of Jambuhnla can be al^
from tbf^ exidtoniia by th«' »M:^a'fihoro of a j^pot callod Tiru^'odj
Xilflj ( th« jjlACB of the ^cred ffc>et ) witfiin a
quarter of ft mile of thu jjort. Thia ia now uaed by the Hindus
for the piirpoAo of pc'rfomifcng their funeral anif
ritt^i bqE it muHt at one time liave oon-
uiimid an impn^HHion of tlie It-^L of Ltuddha^ aa tlio Tamil name
impLiea. The iuot-prinl must tiave been an object of werakip
for tho TftituL UiiddiiUtd nnd takt^iiis bwrk: to the time when thn.i
toftierity of the Tamiln too wt^re^ BuddhiaUf.
From tlic extendive Budclhidtio mins that nan be found
over a Jnrj^e area of the village of KLuntarodai, ouu ia UkI to
think tl^fil d|x‘eiiLj lieyal favour was btsUewed on it for the
eroetion of \dhftrnfl and D&golns^ and as many aiieh acts are
tuentioned in the 3fo4di7o;^ap Kantororhii n:utrkH tho spot
wlkcre Buddhft Ieuh.Ii's;! and pr^-nchod his Dhftrruft on hiB t^econd
vifljt to Ceylon p and where ^lacumi^kalni saw the wondF^rful
l^rn-Het MAt wiiieh madks her coofielouH of lier [previous
births.
S* Mftr F* Cj ti ?i AW'AJtDH AS A H ^IitdalLyAr, expressed hi*
Itreat appreajatiom of Mr. Pier is' Pap-r, wMcrh o|H.moil up quib-
a new held of rt>aearqh in conniietion with the history of (Itoylon.
tfe honied Bio work initiated by itr- Pieros would Ivad to srpat
resultSr }Vith rh^gard te ati incidental point , bo wever, he liad U>
oxprotM his d wfl gTi'erneot. i^apunie] KiimAray4 was no t th i-k aon of
Parakratiia Bdhu VI., but only his adopted son. 7*he
i-Sondr^yci luaketi thia plain, d'ljat work wah eompised to pmy
to the tiltolary (^orJ of Kclftniya for a son to the Kinj^^H daughter
Lliikudayft D^vi, E^i siKs^eed to the throne; and in the isaiua
work, mention is PUft<3o of Sapunml Kumdmyd ah aln-ady ft huc-
uikRsfut ^'nH-^mJ jriat th^ n roturning from tb?' conquisit of JalPbia.
If ha WAS the KingV Own son. tliero would have l>#!ea no oneoHion
for a daughtcr'a non to jsuccetil to tiu^ thronk^
0+ !^fHr Hi. C. PnocTOH-^Arter iutrorlnctory retiiarka—said:—
fn the Tamil bookn of 1,800 yearA ago^ tho authors Atludu to
ilia sinking of a i inland fndift end Ceylon owing to An
cftrtliquBke, That a portion of oitr wi-stem coaat was an
iToaeb^-d upon by the isea is also Attested by historians. If wo
ftSAUine tliaE the llArbour Jaiuhukolftrufarred to in the 2nd
rentury B. C- still exiats, thea the A-ngvimente ftdvAneod by the
loetnw^r idenlifyiiig it with KAuk^HAnlumi mav be accept+id aa
worthy of iMmsicleratioq, Ihiddhism pm vailed in South IndiA
FFOCEEDlxNGS*
37
No. 70.-1017.]
till tls6 10 til LH^ntury .4.D.^ fliitud iirlidii begm to ruviv^.
$aivit« Kmgii^ hcivnn'er, wpro toLturant unough to patronise
fiuddiiiMui both in Ct-yloo ond South India. The objftot of the
insoriptioa oja tiio Ifipyden pinto wAi^ to fdi.'Ord tiiB* of n
TilLago by a ^iVLto Kiog (UBja Raja L) to a BuddJiUt Leinplo
at NegapAtum.
In the reign of Bhuvao^kji j^iu I. (L272-12BE^) & TaiEiil Com-
mandfr, Ariyn Chakravarij, oaptured tbE" citySubhagiri | Yapahu}
and carried a^ay lh^'^ %'tKiierablo Tooth-relic to Jafihia,'" It waa
roBtored to thfl Sinlmleflo King after iiiniiy yeorit. There wore
Ruddliiat tompIcEi in Jafhia duriog thL-n pcrjotfi. According to
the in 1380 (iSakn)i the JaCbia King liad a 111121 -
uaclerHtandjDg with Bbuvaodka tho Sinhalaee King^
regarding tlie p^^arl fishery and viioqidBlied the latter^ The
wliolo of Tlankai (Ceylon) oanui under tho flag of Jaffna
COomim*' bolding a lyre) for 12 yt^ar^. Through the inter-
ferenco of the PAndyan King^ who portioniilly guaruuti.^d the
dtie [^yment of a trJbutOi whiah wa-s ^ttkid, the Kaikdyan
Kingdoiu waH raatored to ParakraEua EBAhu^ Wo know wiiat
followed a^hen a gpeoeRHor of tlie Sinhalese King rolio^L to pay
the tribute.^ and caiiiKd the Agi-'Ul^ of tho .faffna King, who ireri!
sent to demand tho payment of thotrfbuUs to bo banged. It ia
Maid tliat a general of ihts ilaffna King oofiiiiiandod tho Oiinew
an Ely, who raptured the SinlialeBe King who wan carried away
an captive to China.
AcoorcUng to the and unnio Portiigu^iou mitosTM,
tlic victory of SapuiiiaL Kuniaraya not easily wOD» In two
eng^emeulHi tli^ ^inlialnitHe army had Uien woretetL .At thbi
purincl many Binlialriu? lived in Jaffna a-i MubjeetK of the Jaffna
King. Tlicflo took up ioining the enemy. Wliat tho
valour of tliu SinlialeHO army had f[d|ed to aeronipliAh^ tliat
Uio trnitor'B aruti and didoyalty atiiong tlia Sinhalese Inhabi-
tanlM of iTaflnji neoured for Saj^unui] KuindrayA. The aentinn of
people rotforriKl to in the PR|jer om Xlofuion-Tf Ughting on the aido
of thEH Sinhalese, perlmpn: if the atiggii'ritifjn Implied hy the
word Imi accept4-d^ <leni>led a p^^opJo who WE^ra ** Reiigiou?i
Metayers" living on the landn wliich wnm the gifte of the .TiiCIna
King to Buddliiist templea- Upwevcr tliat may lie* tho Jaffna
King Ikuil to flee the country with Uii Qneirn and two Eioiw.
Jaffna fell int^j tho liands of thi' SinhaLeee. flapumal Kumarayd
mJed .leffha for two yi<iara and departed lo K6ttAp leaving the
prineipelity to ho nilecl hy hia brother, who wbr« known an
Pnnnhi LiiindA ofioj Jaya \VirR alton Jaya The latter
* The .V/dAdiucun dbitmedy Htatn that Ary a Clukkraviirti waa a
great Muiiitar " Wnt by ' ^ tlbe fiva brethren wh^S governed the Pandiaa
kingdom.” He carrLefi away the Toolh-relio and *' mturm'd to the
Pnodian country. Alid tlierO he gave thfl Tooth- relic UEito llie king
Kulaaekhara " MC., -13-471. Tlure t& net a word of JaHiia.
Arya Chiikrmvafti figuma in the Tiruppulhlni iiucription ef the
37th yeitf (A.D. 1305; of ]k1 ofavarman KiduOklLara 1. tAnauoJ ^^p<3rl
c+t Epi^pS^, No. \ 10 of 1903).—^d.
38
JOCB^'AL, P.A .3. tCEYLOSj. [VOL. XXVI,
Jalfna for 15 compelling the JafTna pooplu to adopt
tbo Sinhftleac dr6«H, luannorR wnd oudtoiiiu and fl^^ve^t4y pimiah-
fDj; thciLi if tliL^y followed tlielr own The Jaffna King
retumt'd wicii aii army from India mid drove otit the Siolinlc?c 4 e-
Pamrasa 84karaiii, tiio eldt^t son of tlio Kin^, assumed tho
Crown, and punii^fied ihw Sintialctflii for their traitoroufi conduot.
I Hugi^tTSt that tlio ruana diAoovofi-d of Uuddhi^t teinpic?®?,
belong to thL^ date, la Soutli Ceylon afiooi this time, the Bud-
dhiat prie^tliood waa actively partieipaltng in Court inirigueti
and political murdom^ and encouraging war and plunder^* It
would Hot bo g^trsago, Ltiea^ if Parardsa Si[^karaEii ordered the
eKpJajon of tlio Buddiaint pries tzs froni .faffna.
The roferonco to *" Turumpars," a kind of low caste pt-oplo,
l^oipg near tiu- 7Sdal (mound of rnini^) as its custodians^ wag to
a fwople analogous to whoso eoato tlioro waa iioao in India
to-day.
Till recent Liuic^i^ they were [Kiople eqnaignefi to live away
from the rt.-rti and wli^nevor they went out they were expected
to trail h shuaf of palmy rah qlag buhfpd, so that the nuiso of tho
trailing olm U'OuId notify to the Otlaw cloiis of people tliat
Turumparswere about, and those who could not hear the
Hound Haw the truue of the oloa on the aanrh Tliey were not
aUowcd to laavo ihctir Jiandi-t axeopt artor duHk^ The implica^
[fon of the CEuttoin ia thm this people wi^e such an necursed lot
that the ruat of tho people were provided against the uiisfortumiH
of ^^eholding their fnees and tho chonet* of treading on their
foot-printa. EroweyerT tiie TunimparTa ” of to-day are roputoil
to be well versed in the black art of P^lH, Ac. I
suggest that th«w people are tho doesicndanrH of the lay ousio-
dians of the Bucldllist (>F:mples* when they oxistodp anti that to¬
day they boar silant testimony to the terrlbie punishmenta in¬
dicted oii their forefathcra for disloyalty lo the Kini! and tha
State {Rd^adfohoh
fv&puohnl %vns a TaniiL Hia namo Uiing Senpaka Farum^l,
prolwbly a ’I’ishnuvito by religion. Ilh 'father was a South
Indian adventurer wlio wna ri-ccivcd at the Court of K^tl^ with
graat tLiarkii of favour* for he was versed in the military Acianco
of the {lay, Udfig a Panikknn by eaflto,*
Thonnrno ‘^'Bhuv^nL^ka R^hii'" of which ^‘the gods are reminded
every dfty^" at the Kniidaswimi K6vil at ^Tallur has uo re-
ference to Prince Sapmnah It really refers to Bhav^n^ka
Biliu, the Frinii- Minisler of the first Jaffna King who occupied
Xahur. It was he who had the temple built and tlio same
dpclicated to the god Kandai^wikmi in S70 8ekii areording to the
A^ayifd^ar^idlai and
10. Mr. D+ Sp WrjRVKSiscEE* najd;—
It iiuH only in Septofnljer lant that Sir. A- ^[cndjs GufiRiekftra
published In Ceyfon *Vcite^ and ijwrriff” an account nf Niga-
ihpa, and the Jeamed author locate* it in Puttalam and Chilaw
5Ir. Procter aheulil give hi* tefer^noH for thene statement*. — JStf
No. 70.-190.1
PROCEEDS DC 03^
39
iLiatri-ctb. TLo li?arn(?cl autiior of to-dayPapar ni?>ana to locate
it in JullTiia. N'ow^ it bi not a qiazatlon of finding out who ha*
QiiCQOBilod ill proving thtw -Hif fniag difEwn-act.'. Proliably bpLh
ore right Iwcsaiiao our onuttiiit. HnddliLit and worha
of thrtHf Nagadipaa^ ood^ 1 think I ain nut. wrong in
iusuarting that the third Xagiwiipa is whitt h known oh K^Ia-
niya; for we find in tdio (iriit eiiepter of tho that in
tJio conBiut between tlio Noga kinge jMalicKifiru and Culodam^
tile inateroal uaolu of MehodJini the NAga king of K^aiiiyap
Maniakkhika by iLaEiit.s procoedod there to ungego in that war
and bo having heard the «»^rtTiun preaehud by Buddita auppli^
eatod him to viait hirtplaL-o of rotiitEeneOiK^laniya. Thu
ml-ufo TFan^Runn alludea to tills visit.
Nigediiia nupud not nncf^i?ari]y be op Dip<i need not be
u place ent irely sniTonnded by water., A por I ion of land iicime-
what detBjched from the am Inland rnny be a Thu lenn
tiipn lif uaed to give isomo important’ lo tiiu pln4>^^
The Dxi.stenuu of BnddliiHL ruins lu JafInA i^? notetraugu. Wo
find io tbu Ttrifw™ il/dfni or tliu history of the
kingdoEii of Jiififnn nt |Migc tliat in the year 879 in thu
reign of Vikkrmniy^ii'ikas Ariyan*, a great diritorbaneo arose
bntwiHMi tbu SinliFilene of Y^lpaiwin wliu wum JjuddhbtH end
the Tandte ip miittcfti connuet^ with religioD. TIh? King in¬
quired ijifco tbu matter an^i E^xeciiUtl Punc^lii UnndA, the rinp-
iuader of the SinhaJetw. fniLl an ujcpt^rt can imdertnko to say
the probable of these iniageii, it is tuisafo to oouclu-la that
liioy were ercet^id in conuninnorBiion of dm event ruEerred to in
the present Paiwr.
11. MulifltitVirnfit WALTUft K offered the fell ow¬
ing commeiUti
He vfOA of Cl pinion tliat tlie tlieory aElvuncod by the lost
apeaker (Air. Wijuyvsinghe)* viz.^ that K^laruya might be xht*
NAgadipa rnfui™:l to was negaliveii by the details of tiiu utory
a** appearing in the Mahdcfti^, whicli shoa-etl tiiat tlio King of
K^laniya had travullod to tliu ncane of the buttle from hiii n\Tii
seat io support one of the combatimtat and that he t1ioro> in
NAgadipu. iiod invited the nuddhu to favour liim also with a
visit to whieli the Bnddlia did on hU third visit to
Uie Island. This iiiakea it impossible that the NAgwiipn of tbe
aeconrl visit wn;« also Kulapiys.
Another point to iw abaktrvnMl woa thot the narrator of the
story in the Mtthdmiyta referred to thof?e NigaH in ronfhot ns
hill N&gosi^^ so that, it augi^estud Ltaelf to nno lo locate the
scene of the conflict in the hill country. In this connection it
was interesting to notu that th* Nigadipa viHited by pilgrhus
woe in the tivaDistnet, not far from Jlabiya^gona^ and that
* Tha dut^ :^ka cicciirB Only an p. LT with rtrfDreiiOO Vo the
builibagof tiMs KwrlddtfviiDE temple at NallAr by this king'* grand-
fatlUT.—
40
JOCKS:Al., (CEVLOS). fVOL. XXVI.
tliia i{^iitiiirnitiD[i helmed to bu iii purMuaney of tradition—
inulition irliiuh^ le Ltiuso ffiatlurw* not aifreq^uontly pro¥od to bo
moro tuliabJo tlian tlndsng^ on Archscrtlogical rL->iiOBrch,
It might aljdo tao Enontionod ihot thero w&e u ^dl 4 d to
tlio wor^ip|kKr.^ of tho BuddJtLAp wiiioh snontionod aJl tho oixteon
sitoA jiuppoBtid to have Kh-h viaited by tlio Buddha. AH the
od»wr titioon were partieuJar upotH aueh Odi !^I&ikjyHngiaEUi« or Sri
Pddap fir Ketuoiya and b, wholo ].iieaimiiJa such an uuggetktod ijy
tli 0 learned loetiuer would not httingly hud a plane in Huch a
category. It Buggocited N^gadi[>a a ipot oTi^itibII area, rather
tlian an exteiUnive Iraet of couotry. It waa not olaimod that
thoso fat'te altogi'ther outwEdghed the other foots from wliith
the ieanie<l|ieetiJTer hnd derivod hi a- ooncluaion, hut the apealter
oonaicLemd that t]iey zuiglht mereSy be addod to the body of
factH upon whieh ripoculation iiould bo ha«wd.
.Mudaliydr J^^a^nioyngniii, io tlm oourse ol hia Paper, had
alAo rabtid the interesting Uieme of the probiible atnaJg&me*
tiOD of the original ^inhnlu^- inhobilanU of the Jaffna pAalnaula
end of the Nugay witli ih© 1 ‘nmil invndoTA, os ovidenciMil by tlio
AUrsdval ui tlici Sinliflletau pliicc names and of the term Ndga in
perriOQA, Thtifo were many ineidimtA oven in thi«
Alu/tava^jta narrative whicKs went to show that the aborigini^,
the \ okklmA and Xigas-. wore not eompJemly wiped out but
eoaJtftfOi-d With ttie races which Aufioeeded thieu. One ouch
reierencie wm the aaslotanco receivml froni ^^e>rtain Yi^kklioo,
with whom ho siil:i(deqiioi]idy kharod the sovereignty, by Paiidii-
knbhayih, tlie first King to reign at .4nur4d}iapma. Tbe^ugh Ll
i^y di’^appoint thaw^ who are wc-dded to notions of race purity,
theJ^t Rooimfd to that the Tamils of the North abaiortjod
tho Naga an^i ^inhalewi^ population whom they subdued „ junt as
thi^ binha]. 2 ^ ali«ori»d tho Vakkha, X^gn and TamU oleineam
they found in ihnir midst. As a 8 inJmLese tho Rp^nkcr took
prjd!* jn tlie rejection tliat the Sinhalm^n hati contribiitiKl to the
evoliuEon of tliD entorpriAing men of the JafTnciso.
^ 12^ SIh. F. Lewis, the n^st HpoakoTK produced a map, a copy
oi an old nvip wlsich is in the nritlsh Museum. It wa^ made
by Ptolemy in the first century* Listening to the niont excel¬
lent Paper read by Mr. Pieris, In? found oertaio spots nienLiuo^^d
m the reaper on that map. He might mention one spot. Ho
would k^pell ihf^ name and Is-^avo its promirLciatJou to his
fi^rery* It wOH Nanai^^ Diba. Tfje spot on the map wa.^^ north
of thi- MaliawelLganga on the eastern side of the country. It
notcKaetly near Jaffna, fuit not very far from it. ft wos
Hhewn OA approximately of Anurndhapurii* R<if./rring to
the iziap Mr. Lewis H*id that there wsa another upot on it which
coujo be recognized os Trint'oiiialu^ immtHliately south of it waa
tmugCHp Urn name hy Ftolemy t* the MahawcLiganga^
Tiien there was another place marked Siokana, the Okanda of
Fluvius. which was the
Kumbukkiui itivor. He (Mr* Lewiel said lie would proseat a
copy of this map to ihu Museiim-
Xo. 70.-1917.
FfLOL^EEtnNWS-
41
VoTt OF Thanks to thK Lecti'hkr.
13, Dr, Nej-l Haid liiat In' Jiitr waa eipeukiiig ww
b^liQlf of all pixitiisat, in Baking ike CliAinoaii lo aocord a vote of
tkooks to Mr. Pii'riii for tli« vi-iy Papet* Hhj plt5*ided
guilty to having takvn down a Jew not -s while the Paper
fc*iog read, but did not do so to raiBC any diHCumion. Mr
Pieritf had broken new ground. Tlieru i™ no doubt it wm
moat valuable liiat there tdiould lio now focUp Mr# “““J
drawn infenmoes whiok wtito very atrongly ftUpfMjrtod by loutop
He wOA ijerfeotly cerlam that tlio beat siolution would bo t* visit
and wee ihe ruin!^. Speaking entirely for hiiiiaell. m w«a
convinLed of the juHtiec of tho inftirenry:! Mr. Pierta liad i^ wn.
He proposes! n liiiatly voto of ihankH to Sir. Pierb for the ex-
coptionoby interet*ling and very otirefully proparkd Paper.
f Applause.) "
14. The CnAnatAS ;—1 take it* geutliimen,yuu nil agroo witti
the motion of Dr, Xell. I will not detain you at tliis labi honr,
but 1 should like to mentiun, mth referenee to the rfijggeation
ntode by Mr. Pierln at the r.oneluHion of lus Papti-fp that ttib
^iety will not \ye able to ot^aiiize a Miwlematie explnratiou
OS sugg)r"^led^ os our resoureert art* VL-rj^liniieed. and ftoyomment
ilaelf iu not In a poiiition to help ns ^ in fact, it Inis wilkdrawn
frorn iw the grunt to which we have bei^n ai'eUr-^totin^d for yoani.
I would suggost tliat Siidiate-e genUt inen, s^iecirtily Huddhtita—
1 some of tlioin hero, geniiemt- 4 ru’ coni^idt arable wealth.—
1 would anb'g'Mt that they hiHp I lie Society with funds to carry
ontliisuio^t prouiisifig invcfitfgiition r They will be follow!'ig the
e-xample of wK’^flltiiy nn^n in other eou .trice# Mr. Ratun lata
of Hoinbay. hua contribiiiod twenty-I housniid rupees a your
for some yea™ to carry out ttie osq^loratlon of the nuns lU
Fatalaputm near Bnddho-Uaya. I do not ask for ao iivucki
Whatuvor is given^ tho Society will flee it lo thi- be^t
advantage' uUiiiT the diiroetion oi ilr. IH- ris and with the
co-op^rution of th^^ <l&vvmniciit Ag»:nt, Northern Provinre. I
liavo much pleasure in conveying to Mr. FierLs our hearty
thunks for his most inten^sting h^cture. (f^ud appluuott.)
1^. Sir. Pierii* in wiknawEedgiiig the vole of thanks dewirL^ to
exprefla bb grutiheation. not indeed n-^ Uie nuthur of that 11 tile
Paper, but Ofi the Vice-Pn^Hident of ihe Hocioly, at tho result of
that nightdoViate, for ho siiticipitAAl se veral raijers from the
learned Kpeakerp. IHi hop(^d tJuiiPiwurdhanft .MudahyAr would
aotiJe for ilsoin once anil for all wheiher SapuTual Kumuraya
woe son or grandson or ado[>Uid son or son-in-hi w of I'arAkmrua
□Ahm Ho hoptfd Mr. Ptocuor woulil givo tlietii a I*tt|3er on the
hiknimm chamis of the Turuinbar* a subject ho wofl so well
nualkhi^d to ih al with, 'fhero bad l>4 en many roferences that
niglit to the Vaiptiva Mdhi- llial b & modem epTupilation, of
little or no authority a» it standfl- Thero are undoubtedly to be
found m it valuable irailitionw and important but the
present text is very corrupt, and he ha|^l Sir, Proctor would
Acriouflly take Up She qut^tion of editing the lost and preparing
42
JOlfftKAU, FLI^. IVOL. XXVI.
fi Qow traanlatian. La^itiy^ ho cxp^tad from Jllr. LawU a Paper
on the v'Liiuable 3rap which ho Jiad pmei^ntod lo the Society,
Am fi>i- NA^^ipa, the evide.^nE>& of takr o witli the
mLtTiit.ive^ plaeoil it boyond deubt iJiat in iho
Aeoood c^tury of the Chrif^tian arn/tlic gtto of tliu TJuddha'a
aedoQd yiiak vraA tH^ieved to bo in Jaflna; the deaerJption in
ia uflllli.‘«takll^4'L^ Ifo concluded, by jRtating^ that
ft ib^T of tho Soeiuty^a Cksiincil h&d plitcc^ o simi of rnoDey
at biii diu|>oaBJ for ^jontimiing thdii work of ftxcavationr
lO, VoTij OF I'haxks to Till: Crajer.
U^r LEwia propoeud a hearty vot4^ of tliaoka to tlie
Cliaimmn.
Mr. C. P. Wuevehatne Beeondod—Carried.
Tlie ineeting ternimatfid at li-4S p.m.
17. XOTE OX aiU. PlEliLS’ PAPER.
Hv John M. Senateratne^
The l^iipur utidoubtodJy a v'ftEuabla eoniributioni not go
mnuh for the light—eotiwidyrabJe though it bo—whicli it throwa ou
li niiLltor hitlbertu oonifMiriitivi^y little knoien, hb for tl:iu field of
ftctivity it up ill a dineotioii full of vaat pOfleibilitiea.
Mr, Plena' diAcaverkm norvo to eoufirru whot itjih for ft long
tune diL-«peutod and more reoontly placed beyond ulJ doubt by
^le valuable rt'ftoarcheH of Mr. B. Horaborgh, C.C.8. and JVlr.
J* I. Lewi^, t..M-tr+, C.C^Si (Retd,,) vii,, a iSlnbalLoiro RuddldHt
oooupatioo of the PeninRola bt>fora the Taiuila.
itr. Elorwburgh wrote in Julvp 1916:—
*! the Sinhalfflc oceii|>i?Mj the northern portion of tha
mamlwi, whiob noiv Tamil L-JOiintry, tliero U aniplo ovidenct^
ear red III ft tone all over ihn Mannar and xMullaiuivu Difitrieta
Imt the foot that they Wi^re 6ettJe<l also in the Ja^ Pioinaula
before tho TftmilH oaiiie. deponda for itg proof mainly un the
evidence fumiKhed by the ploco naniee tliay horn left bc-hind
1 vtiry few atone relic.s that have Iwtvn
found. * And cridenco of ploco-namea ho Ilob diBeuftoedf
with an inrilght and fciebolanihip which coiuicit but prove helpful
to a duo appr^Huiatjon of the ret^ulta^ now before ub. of \rr
Pierw laboure.
Mr. too hftH givan ua boiuo interoaftina inforcnalion
*^ut flud^uftt rcniama in the Jaffna Penineulat and it is lo hk
discovery of the fine iinaco
of the Budd^ from CbuMfikaiu, which Mr. Pieris refora to on
page i-0 of hia lapi»r. There wrb, till ole van yearn ago^ onpthar
- Crs/hn Aniuftfarjj!. Vul, 11,, p,
t Ibid, Vol, IL, pp B4'53; 107-174,
t /&iif, Vol [I+, p|i. 96-DT,
Ko. 70 —1917,]
PROCEED IT? iiS.
43
tinjo t^laadin^ Buddlm iiriagn—^tht? Vallipurftm BuddlkR—up
in thg Old Bark at Jadim. it dug up a Lining tim& ugo at
tho vilingit of V'allipuraiii and. arcMjrding to Mr. ri*injim(HJ
in tho luml>er-roqm of thi' \"alLipi;irarii for yiL^arw untile
in 1002, hu E&^kcd tiu' ^laDB.>^>r of Um linupUf t* liatid it ov%^r t*
ium, a'hich was donOr Mr. Li^wi^ Ikad it set up in the Old Park
ftt once, but in I9l>§ tha iuiagiLk " pnis- nuid by Oovomor
Sir Ilonry Blak{> to the King of Siam, who wha |!iiiirticularly
onxintis to h*vo it, bm itim^^ Huppoiisod to be of an orehaio typo-*^
[ Eumt'S prijatii of photographs of th<k Cimnnakaiii and ValJj-
pxiram BiiddhaSh ^
In view of tlie ijitori4<itiivg diacovorif^ made by ^fr. Pieris m ar
about the spot whi^ro tbo PhunuiLkaiu Bmldha was unearthfMl,
it seomsi almoTit cj^Ttain that similar—or oven betUir—rowidta
will b*> obt^liJlL'd from i^x-cavAlion work ut VaJIiputmu. " for it k
aiLid to be itio site of a city, lung ago biirj»:rd in the sand heapo.^'
Years ago Mr. found it strewn with what^ at lirnt
appK^iTed to Lkci moHSOS of enral roek, but oki ejtaiiiioation it was
found that the s^^ming roi'ikif wore not rcniks at all, but were
formed of a apjoies til ceiin nt which broke into piefOa on being
atruek. The exhr-nt of the Band eontaining these
of broken cement blookw hi said to be tbroi' niiles in length, from
north-w^tttt to isoutlk-i-iisU and on*T mile in width. At one sfiot
there was b dense heap of broken |}Ote, tiles, efCr, j?howing that
there must bilvi? fiocu a m'ttlem^'nt of pottera there. Ainong
the olher ** llnds'^ at VallipLirum was an Iraktt or Darafta
Sinhalese coin of very debased gold.
The three sugg^istLons which ^Er. Plerls advances tentatively
{page 10) have an air of plausibility wlrieh makes tbem inteteat¬
ing. Tlio evidence we have, however^ bt loq eaiitradiotqry to
justify any dogmatizing at pru's^-nt. They arc ut leu^it worth
testing, but thiiii cannot very well be uTidortak^m at Hiioh *Lhort
notice and wiLhiii thelimitationa impc3«cd oo a ^uto hucIi ns tEi ta¬
in regard, to the Kuggeslion—that Xagftdipa i»i the
PeniiLsiila of Y^pdpatunn—^Mr* A» ^fendis ihmSKv^kara, .Miidn-
iiydr^ hos—to inv mind, very foreibly—dejiionstrauxl^ recently
(1) that tie’' name Kiuxadlpa was originally uppb> d to on island
and art€>rwards to the mainland compHslng at Jeoat tSio msri-
time jMirts of Piillalaui and Oh Haw dlatricls, (2) that in courco
of time, oiving to natuniL eiiunge^. NAgatlipa fuMscvino n part of
the mainland and included l>qtli PQfiyanA;^'avila and StnnanA-
p^vda of the pre^ient day, and (3) tliat the name Nagafhpa is
not conncctctl with the whether regarti^'d os aunkoa or aa
a cioaa of pt'Opli^
Tlkere are just two minor (toints I would Ilka to noto
en pof^^ani i—
(Net ri^pFoduced* Ceyton Vol, It., Part 2,
p,
t Cfffifm and Pt- YtJ, (Sepl. iHlOb pp. 129-124.
44
JOTONAL, R.A^. (CIJYIXJN)* [¥OL. XXVL
(L) Mr* Pierifl pBAcea VoLi4rika Tiasa'ei oocL^ion at 215 ArD.
(p. 2j. Thiji iifl not correct. I^DholarH* are now a^^rei^iJ tliAt> up
io the llth century at Ictistf, the ora current in Ceylon wUd
riMkoned froni 483 B-C. ^ wh[ch was ihtr doto for tlie Parintb-
Mfu of the Buddha; Mud the ^Vilsd^ feolb m that
VobArika Tinsa a^eendrd the throne " 752 years, 4 months and
10 days after the dedith orButldlLa.^f Hiw aeoe^aioii, thereforei+
took place In 269 A JK (t.E*, 732 luiilua 463).
■(2} The 52 years which Mr. Pieria aaiii^niii fp, 14) to Eiikql^
Parikrama BAliu popresenta. it h true, the generally aocc^pted
extent of tins king'a reign; hut it miiat not be forgotten that
Viddgatna^ in the eolopbon to his Kdvya Ijakj*huna
nAyn that the uurk waa coinpnood in lAc S4Vt yrnr" of the
satne ICuig'a rei^.
In conclusion 1 aliould like to congratulate boBi Mr, Pieria
and the Ceylon j\alatio Soetoty on this ATilujiblt- Paper^ Mr,
Pieria hoa placed! atudenta of Ceylon HiNtery under a debt of
gratitude to hiizi+ atid the Society cannot do blotter than give
effect to tbo hope lie exprt^^!^ and take action to organii^ n
RyntamAtie Investigation without delay. Mr. Pieria'ofiEorta*^ aa
illuatrated in hia Paperare full of promise and guarantee a rieb
mid valuable hann'cat of archuK^logicol autl htstorlcal truaauro.
* FIcetp Ceip^r, WickreiniuimghD and otJiers. (Dr. Fl^t in hia
O^n 6f tht BitddhQz^Tiha {J M.d.S., IflOfl) eecHbes the ft&tfibluilijnorit
of the era of 544 B.C. to tli^ reign of ParAkranui BAhu L, and
further tue of a TOckoniog from the death
of Huddh* » trmsoahle in Ceylon after the year 236. until we oome to
the Buddhavareha " p. 32$), Aa far il« the leiitli and eleventh
«fituiiea m coneertbed, the argument JulduoDd by Wid^mMingbe
to pror^ the exut<m<!e of an era calculaled from 483 B.C./U baaed
^ an intar^latken by Wijaaiulia in hia treiuJatien of 3foAdra{iH^
"H" *■*% ™ cons^Hpieiit eiToneijm avuehronksm between
Wickremaainghe hai b»u
follomii bhmily by Ceifier See CefMrihyJ ibn« fa ^inAoftn CArWfco-
by !>. Kuliitsch in J.B.A.S., 19J3, pp, 525 aiid 527.9,—ffd.)
^ Buddhn-a Death and Ceylon Chrono^
bgy {C.B R A S. Jourmil^ I5U, Vo!, XKlII.. No. ai. pp. 141-SaOi
•ought to eirtand the period to the l5th century.
* MuduliyAr W. F, CurkawardhimaV Edilion (I903j[, p, 12.
Ko. ?€.— 19170 SOTE3 ANJS gxjMiaisa,
45
NOTES AND QUERIES.
SYRIAC WORDS IN TAMIL.
By H. W. Codbikgton, C.C.S-
The Sinhalese CftthoUce call "" cmssiand bishop ” bj
the names karmq/n and ebviouajy the
Portuguese ** crniand bisjjo.** The TAniila' us^e
or slt^vat lor the hr^t, and vispu or
miiiird^ydr Idt the ^leeond. Thi^f without ibe
honorific termination would be ni^ird^P.
Pope has recognized the origin of siiul'ai in the S^Tiae
the usual word for croi^ ** 10 that language, la
Malayalam it la slitd^
The word for '^biabop'^ in Malayalam is iFicfrdMi+or rnitrdn
(Guodeft) the Syriae m^mn aod Arabic mnfran^ hcith uf
which ^ though etymologica^lly ** metro politaup'^* are used
indifferently of any bishop. Can the Tamil miUird^iydr he
originally the same T Its preaeat lono may well be the
reaidt of ^^atriYing after meaning" on the port of the
learned,, who make it high autthnrity.”
It is noticeable that it retain a the bard i of the Syriac, now^
abBOnt in the Malayalam.
1 am indebted to llTi O* Kurien for the Mala^-alam
words.
PALIKADA OR HALIKADA?
Bv A. AIknpis GunasAraba MudaliyAb.
One of the proper natnect ecciuiruig in the inacriptione at
Vessagiri in ^Anurddhapura is deciphered in the £pi^j-a;iAia
44j
JOUBl^AL. E.A (CEYIjONJ. [YoL, XXYL
Zttjtani{:u* us “ PaSikada/* Dr, E. Miiller him gi^itas
* ^ PaUkada But Dr. P . Goidachiuidt * the B rfit Archseologieal
Commi^i^ioiior, who discovered these Inscriptions^ hi 1875^
read the name as Ualika^dUp^^ as will he seen from the
EoILowinf; extraoti from an ofi&cial report made by him
to Government :—
'■The inscriptions at Wes^agiri refer to the donations
of two caves by the wife aiut son re 3 |>cctivelj^ of the
Brahman Halikadap who seems txO be the identicBi Brahman
mentioned in the Mahiwa^^ as one of the AmbosMidorB
jsent by King De%-anam|>iyfttisBa to King iDharma^oka*
Thesi\ together with many other cave inscriptions ^ in
which Brahmans appear as donora^ furnish ua with the
interesting fact that originally the Btahmiin caste must
have been a [mw'erfiiJ and zealous mcm1>er of the Buddhist
comnumlty of Coy Ion.*'
No attempt has Iwn made in the Epi^ap^m
to juHtiiy the reading Palikada** or to give either the
dertvaiion of the word nr its Sanskrit or Puli eqiiivalaot^ aa
it has lieen done in the case of Bome of the other proper
names ap|H^aring in the inscriptions. The character repre¬
senting //t if bocome obscure, may lie easily mistaken for P.
Referring to these inscriptions, Dr+ Mliller sa_V3 some of
them are almost illegible^ ae the rock rapidly decays under
tho induenoe of huniidity/''^ When they w'ere visited by
Dr. Goldschmidt they were doubtlee^Ly iii a better state of
presentation.
Thai Halikadais the correct reading is further support^
cd by the fact that Halipabbaia,^* given in the Makdm^sa
Tfitrri as the name of the BrabmaD of the embassy referred
to, is exactly a translation of tlalikada into Pall.
■ Vol, I; pp. iS-lfl.
t Imcriptiop^ e/ C^sffsa, p. 34.
I Sosflicnal pupeirS for l@Tfi, p. 100,
jr AfKunt in*frtptionM of 33.
No. 70, 1^*17,] NOTES AND QOEBIKS.
47
(Hall Hall, *a clas^nf p&i>ple^; Kada--^ pabhata ^monntam' :
i.e. “ the mountain occupied by the Hali^/)*
Tlie nuiue “ Halii^abbivlA ” ha^ ^Iraiigety biiiffemd in a
similar way, for t find that it ia gi^-en aa '* Tfilipabbata ’’ in
the printed edition of the T’fMf (Commentaiy") to the
J/d/mva^^K The English tranalatioii of tho by
Mr. George Tumour, C.C.S-, gives "* brakaman (of the Hall
mountain)," { ahoalng that tlio name he found in the eopiofi
of the "pikA consulted by bint was Kalipabi>flrta and not
“ Tih]mhbatn All Slnhnlose manii-soript copies a Inch 1
have been abb to oNatnine finchtding the copy In the
OuLombo ^riisouni Library^) give Halipabhata ", and that
tbUi is the correct word evident a|ao from the fact that it
is supported by the excellent <'amhi>diaii copy§ of the yttu
pfest^rved in the said library.
Hali[»abbaia, ae the name of a nu^^untain or hiJl (after
which the Hrahman referred to was naiuod] is the aame as
Salipabhata, frequently mentioned in the
The follow'ing extract will bo found interestiug for
jjeiusal iu coniiectinn with this note :—
Those anciont |ieople, who arc grouped along the
western heights of the Grecian Toiuarua^, from north to
Souths are the Hellopos, Tliene are the mt'storious l>eings
who have for eentimet!!! provoked the curiosity and the de«*
pair of the oLassical student. They are the Heb-pcs" or
** Chiefs of the and their land is caUo<l IloHojiLa — the
land of the Hela Chisf:i ; their country “Helln- Dos*^ or the
'"Land of Kela, their tribe the I>oda/" and their priests are
named Solii or Brahmins/^
• Cf+ oH^ of the ii-iOTvo { Vttwa ^ 'a o\ people': fftW*
'inoimtain'^; i "tlio nieiiuktaLu occupierd by tim ) Vidu Mahd-
Ch. XX. V. re.
t Govt. Edition of p, 211,
I EilitiDn of 1S3T, p, d9
Vide foot nolo on p. 78 'if Prof. Goij^r'id EiigEuli irmiifMatiori of
the
I India in by K, FoJ30Gka+ p. l3e iWt.i
PI.ATE r
li.
I’iii; uirNsAtiAM kxcava i ion.
[fcSVi' ■ I
I
I
?I,.\TK It-
IS’lfXNK h’(X]ALS I'KOM ivAN TAStl^tJAl.
i.Sfi- :t4, JS. JA. J
I
PLATE in.
KJ* m i M iCKsi f s K 2^T( >s. !■: wt ) u i; f jio^t k a kt \i i <'i i >.\ i.
ESrt
• 7 • J
W
► •
m
I
T,
■ J
I
[’LATR IV
I’ll.Mi.UHNTS iH?' HritlJlIlsr FIIOM KAXJ'AUrH>AI.
(iJrc- fiitjCi' Jti )
i
v
PLATE V.
kfllAQilKNT ClF TltK LAUilK HUDmiA AT KAMAK^IJAl.
|.S« pagv 17 }
V i
I
PLATK VI.
lust: (Jl' A Kixa s SrA'J'CJW .VT .^T.VKAYAri'lDUl,
fiire pu£c Jnl-j
NOTICE
Geiijer'ji “ iluldiviuii IJternry Studio/'
translated b 3 ' WiHie nnd edited witli Appeii’'
diees and Pktea by IT. C* P. Bell (Journal
Vol, XXVII,, Extra Xmober, 1019), k
now uvoliable^ and ion l>e obtained frniii the
Hunoniry Secretary" at the CidomlM) Miigeiiiu,
at the price of Ha- 5/- Ut JilettitieTs of the Society
and Us. 7/50 to nthcra.
JOURNAL
OF THE
CEYLON BRANCH
or THE
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
1918.
VOLUME XXVL
No. 7i.—Part L
Jf^tJREfAL or A TOCR TO IS Tm Vk* tt ITSHJ. (C'ijmIrf J
Am iMscnTFTiDN or Qaia HAhl- IL
Notb« 4ifD Qvimmr.§.
The of the SeelatT ie *e InttStnie juid p-tDmDtclinqolFlci
Into the HEitorj^, LingUAgu. LJiiir&tap«, ArU,
Sciences, ftnd atcJiU Condklon of the pKient 9.^4
forinttr lofaRbitiuiti of the Hlmnd of CeyLpn-
COLOACBOi
Tee Coidubo Aiwiivo^itiES Co.^ Ltel* PRiNTriijk
CONTENTS.
Page.
Special General Meeting: Februar 3 ' 13, 1910 .. 1
Council Meeting: March 11. 1018 .. 2
Special Council Meeting: March 27, 1918 ,. 4
Andrews' Journal of a Tour to Candia in the Year
1798. Edited by J P. Lewis, C.M.G., C.C.S.
(retired).— . . ,, .. fl
An Inscription uf Gaja Bahu II., by H. W.
OODRINOTON, C.C S. .. .. ..53
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Inscribed Pillar-slab at Nuwara Eliya, by H. C. P.
Bell, C.C S. (/felircrf) ,. ..61
A Padalai from Jaffna, by P. E, P, ,, .,65
JOURNAL
OF THE
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY
CEYLON BRANCH.
--
SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING,
Cotomho Muieum^ Ffiruar^ /J, 1913,
PrcBoni:
Mr. E. B. Dell hum, C.C.S.^ Director of fCdncutidii^
m the ChBLLr+
Mr. W. Dian BajidiLfHAALka.
Sir J. HkdiiiiMiii Broom, Kt.
Mr. H. L C^rtwri^t.
„ R. H, FergosoOp B.A.
H, Gotium.
pp O. E. GoonctilkkOpB.A.K
,, T*
C. Hartleyp M,A,
,, a W, Horsfall.
£. W. KaBnaagam, B.A.,
(Lond.).
.Mr. F. Lewia, F.L.S.
The Hon'ble Mr. J. H. Me*-
dflnjya.
Dr. A. Nell, 5!jl,aS,
Rev. W. J. Noble.
Mr. W, A, Saaiarmflinha.
kk l^igli Smith, M.A.
,p^ \\\ T. Southdoip B.A.^
C.C.S.
p, J. N. C_. TimehelTain.
It ^ * A. TiafiiareraFilHglie.
Mr, Gerard A. Joseph, G.O.S. 1 Hooorarr
pj 11, ColhELfg^ B,A., CpC.S. i Soeretar^.
TiBitora: 14 Ladies and 30 GeiitlemeD.
t. The Chairiiinii !iitro<liiced Dr. Ssyco and iavitcKl him to
deliror his leetiire uii Reoeiit E^caTatioaa at Meroe — ^tho Ancient
OapitaJ of Ethiopia.'^
2. Dr. Sayoe tberEmpon dehrerod a most liiterestmjiE loeCuro
dealing with the disoorery himself of the nneioDt eapitaJ pf the
land oFCtiah and Ethiopiap Meroe^ and tha wmk doiie thcro through
the generosity of the UnlTorsity of Lirerpool and of an annnyfflona
Japanese friend of Ihe lecturer. Amcmg nther intereatinK woHr
2
JOCTB^lL, B.A.a. (CEI'MIN)- [VOL, XSVi.
dope, ft krgft of tbe Tompip of Ammon, of tbe bi££OAt
tompIoA 1n_ uU had be«ti ftnd it had b^oa BEoim
that tha cit^s wEch hod a langtli of & niilca from DoHbb to Hmih,
WmJs a. very ictBi^iiific^nt 0130,
3- A dUcysaion onauLKl, In tha courso of which Dr. Sayco
pointod out that the people of Merfle w»Ttt of a difFereot race miin
tbe EfijptujLa^ Imping futurefl more like thm of the Gifoek^.
fttmted that the muftt Lave been the fiome as that of tbo royal
of Al^adxiiana tc-day , wEch po&aaqsBg the same characteriatio
f«ftturM.
4. A Tote of thanka lo the Ucbe^er was proposed by Sir A,
Bertram and seconded hy Mr, Hartley, and was carried with
aednmation. A rote of thanks to the chair prnpo^ hy Dr. Nell
and seconded bj Mr^ F, Lewis bronglit the proesMingB to a clase.
COTJSCIL MEETING.
Colombo MtiKum, Jltirch IIj lUlS.
Preaeut z
Sir Potmambaiain A^nP4isbalam^ M.A^,
Preaideiitp in the Chair.
Dr, P. E. Piciis, D.Litt,. C.C.S., Vico^Pr^sident.
R. D, Antbonisa. Air+ C. W, HorafalL
A, MandU GnnaaekarE,
Mudftliyar. Dr. A. Nelh M.R.O.S,
VV, E. Dunawardhana, •
Mudali:har. Mr. F. Lewis, FJ^,S.
Mr+C. H, B,A,, C^C.S. 1 HnoorarT
PI Gerard A. doseph, C.C.S. / Secretaries.
ffu-rinw;
1, Read and conbrmed iisinutes of the last Council MeetinK
held on the 29th NovembeTp 1917,
3, Hoad and passed draft aunual Report for 1917,
3, CoDsiderod an offer by Mr. John M. Seqavoratno to
trac^te and annetato certain articles by Mr. ^jjTam tmri
publiahed in the Journal AsiaLiquo, iJte.
the Council tbank Mr, SenaTeratno for hia
kind offer hnt regret tbev lamnot see their way to undertake the
piibbcation of the translations at present.
4, Considered Mr, Senareratne^a Paper on " RoyaltT in
Ancient Ceylon.”
RosolT^-^^ftt the Paper l« referred to a subHCouimiLtee con-
jutmg of Mr. C H. Onlbnft and .Mudaliyar W. F. Gimawardh™
™ the fftTDTir of their opinions as te the n»diiiK of the Paper at a
General ^leeDng and its pubheatien in the Society's Journal.
T i ‘^*^*** adrance copy of the 2nd quarter's
JourcLai, 1&J7,
No. 7L—10IS ]
riiOCEEDINGS.
a
6. GonsidfiircHi a prDpoj^l to publUli MnldiriM
Studies as a special monograjih.
ficMlTed.—^That tliu Sttidies be piibli&lied ba a eipecifll number
of tbo JouruDl^ tliDt Mr^ H. C+ P, BelPs kind offer tc tba
number be Bocepted vith tbanks, and that all urrani^Eiicuta bo
left ill the bendB of Mr. C. H. Golliina.
7. Considered what artieloE Bbould be publiEbed in tho
Journal after coEUptetian qf AndrowH^ EEubBsapcs-”
^[r. CoULiiJi explained the ftitnation. The Council approved af
the BnnangBlIlentB made bim.
Si- Considered and approved a BUt^cstiou by Dr. P. E. Fietii
that tbo nanios of Qfbccjrs and CouncU of tha Sorioty be printed in
each QQpj of tbo Jouruuh
0. Considered ntid pHsaed th# oleetion of the following new
Enembersi—
fa) QiarloN Laa‘^n?tice Weerasie-
knra Ferera : remttiimended
bj
(b}' Ckui Frederick SuraweerB;
reeolu mended by
fo) fa nan Hioman de Si Ira Ama-
msekaru. L.L.B., ll^nd.ll t
recommend lid by
(d) Janies Benjamin de SEitra
Jayam tne: reconinioniled
(») Patrick de SilrB Kularntne^
B.Se. (London):
recommended by
ffj SdsansnansMaiik^m VVngis^
wara ^ Kamptitui^la Sri
Dhammaldhn: recom^
mendid
(g) Dmuysioui^ Dias ChandraBe-
kara ^lutucuniai-BiiB;
Fecommendod by
(h) K. B. Vonkataraiimn^ B.A.!
recdmmoiidvd by
fh Hnrsbur^b.
E. Ih Denlmn].
VV+ A. do Silva.
F- D. Jayasimbn.
(.kifard A. Josepb.
O. H. Z. Femaudn.
A, At. Guna^kara.
D. Sirinira^HsM^
F, Ih Jayosinha.
Gerard A, .Fosepb,
P. r>. Jaynsmha.
Gonird A. Jasapb^
F. D. Jayasinha.
A. Ah Gunasoknra.
C. Ih Collins.
Gerard A, Josepb.
ID. Corcstdered tbe uomlaDtion of OSce-BearcrE for IDIS,
Mr. Joseph pointed out that under Buie 20, Afr. 0. W. Hers-
rali and Dr. Josojib FearMin retire by seniority and the Hon^ble
Mr. K. fialaEingliam and Mr, ti, AV. Byrdo by leant attenchtncc,
and also under liulc 18 that Air. C, Hartley^ the Senior Vico-
Praaident retires by Longest ccntiuiioas seridoa.
Resolved .^That Afr. H. W. Byrdi^ and the Hoii''bki Air* K.
BalaELngbam be dee^med to haTo retired by kaat uLtondauoe and
that AIcsstb. C. Hartley, C. W. Horsfall^ AfudaUyar Blmozi da Silva
and Dt. C. Ar Hewaritarniiie bo nominated for the four yacanciaa
DU the Council, and tbnt in place of Air* C+ Hartley as
President Sir Anten Bertram be nomlnot^^p and fading
aocepling such office ALr, E. B* T^nham be asked to do so.
4
(C£Vloh). ^YaL. XXYl^
R«&Qk«d-—Thmt the folio wing Office-Beartra bo nommate^l
ms:
V lce-Pjr€!^ildllE :
Tho Hon^blo Sur ADipii Bertrmia^ Kt.,T
Coiigqp :
The Hou'bl* Sir S. C. Olm^e-
iokara.
Mr. E. B. I>piihaiiip B..%.p
€.C.S.
Ur. A. \>llp
A. M. Gnnuokpj-B,
31uda1i>-«r,
Mr* W, A. do Silva* J.F. |
Mr. R. (j. Antbaaiaa.
,l F. LewLf.
\V* F, CnnawardlmfiA,
^fod&liynr.
Mr. C. HiLrtlpv* M.A.
pp a W\ HprsJiOl*
Ur. C, A, Hr-waTitarasB.
Simon do SIIta, G&to Mnda-
li^par, J.P.
HonorAry TroAEuror;
Mr, Gorard A* JqEpph, C.C.8,
Honorary Socnetbnoar
^lofiErK. C. H* C.C.S. and Gorard A. Josopli, CX.8.
11. CoUfiid^r^ dato and bimuicEa for th^ Ahhisb] Gonoral
M toting.
Refiolrod,—That tbo AiuiiibI General .>[cotiDg bo held on the
£2nil Marcti. and that Lbe huaine^a be aa follows;^
(a) MinutoE.
(b) Presidential addroas.
(e) Annual Report for 1917.
<d) Kti'Otion of CoIciDel la^ggo na an Honorary Aiomber for
Life.
(o> Paper by Air* W. A. d© SiLra on *■* The Ancient Sycfcani
of Teaching SinkaleBe."
SPECIAL COUNCIL MEETING.
Cohmbo JhiSEum^ J/®rrA 27^ 1918.
Fre^nt :
Sir PanoBrnbalam ArunAcbmlAm, Kt.p M.A.p
Proiident, La the Chair.
Mr. C. Hartley p Ai.A.p Vico-Prosident.
l>r. P, E., PLerlip HXitt.p C.C.S. , Vice-Preoident.
A. At. GunoEekara.
Muda%4r*
W- F- Gunairarditanci,
Mudnliyar.
Mr* C. W* HonfaJJ.
Mr, F, F.L.S.
Dr, A. Nell, M.R.C.3.
The Htih. Sir S. C. Obaje^
fiokarip Kt.
Afr. C- Hl CalliEtB, B.A,, C.C.S. \ Honorary
,p Gerard A, Jotoph, C,C.S. / Secrotnrtefl^
No. 71.—19180
PROCEEDtSOS.
5
ifuJinUJ ;
L Rpud aod csottfirtncd mmiites of the last Cqnuicil
held an Mondayj the ILth Mairh, 39 L8.
3, Tlie Frealdont, in moving th* resolo tion Tef^rdlnn Sir John
Anderson's death, said: Wa ore met here bo-da? to diBchsrjie a
YOty duty—to record our grief on the death of onr Fotraiit
Hifi ^ceUency Sir John Andm^n, ood topnas a r&to of eondoleiM^
irith his fiimi\v in their berDavoment. Eionllenej^ wm much
interested in oiir work. But oirin^ to his prewcofwition with th«
grave AfToIrsof State, which confrouted, him on arriml iu the EsSand
and engaged his attention over afterwards during the two yeani
of his administratifia, he was not nhle to attend our meetiugs aa
often as he would liarc liked. We felt cheered and stimulatf^ hy
his enroursgtng wards and looked forward tn mote frooutut risiti^
Rut this was not to be. Great as our Society^a loss is. his
death has been a calaiuity to the general ndmimstration of the
Island. The profound and univer^l mourning during the last few
days shows flow deeply he impressed hunaelf on the popular
imagination. Ho wiU li?e in the tuple's heajria as the emlx^-
ment of tho best ideaU nf British ehAracter and atatesmanship;
and by laving deep the foundafeipu of British rule in the people^s
loTo he has proved a faithful servant of the King and a true
builder of his empire^
1 move that we do plaoe on record the erieJ of this Society on
the doath of its Patron^ Hia Exocllenc? SLr John Auderiwin,
G.C.^f.G.p K.C.B.p and oa^rcas to Captain and ilre.
Ander.soo and tho other memliers of hli family aur deep sympathy
with them in their heroarement.
Tho motion wai unanimously passed* the Conncil standing in
nilence.
J. Hesolved.—That the 11th of Sip? be hied as the date for
the Annual General IJeeting.
V
6
JOCRiEAL, R.A.S (CEVLOS), {Voi.- XXVI,
AN DREWS' JOURNAL OF A TOUR TO CANDIA IH
THE YEAR 1796,
Kditep hy J. P, LeiiYis, c*m-g. , c.c-8, (RefiVetf,}
First Interview with the King of Caadia,
U o’clock a.in., Hr. Andmrs received a uicssaf^c
from (ho Eiog, "deairiu^ his attendance at Conrt this
eveaLii^j when he elioad be admitted to his presence”.
This intimation was eonvcyed with the same fonn as that
on a like and late occaeion.
Having prepared ourselves hy an early dinner wb
were ready to meet the Supper Gama iJcssah, who arnTed
at this side of the water a little after 4, with orders from
his itajesty to conduct Mr. A., and the Gentlemen
attending' him, to C’andia. The Suppergama and
OwtapnlUh De,*isahs, a number of Talloomaare, with an
immunao suite reached cur quarters i after 4, The KinKs
pleasure being again sigiiihed, the letter apartment was
oiitered—the letter Inken out of tho Imx it had until then
been in—and with infinite form and (aution folded anew
in a variety of fine clothe, particular care being taken to
use such only as fitted in a certain degree. This accom¬
plished, the letter was deposited in a large silver hasoii
or salver, over which were first laid a certain numher of
square pieces of fine Hncn, and the whole covered by a
Gobi cloth. Thus lodged and To!>ed, was the letter
handed over to Mr, .kndrews, who placing it on his head,
proceeded to the outward door, over a carpet like cloth
spread for his passage. Arrived there, he gave up his
burthen to one of two of his Writers prepareil to he the
71*—JOURSAL OF A TOUR tO CASDIA. T
liearets. Tlie moiueul ilr. A. had baffun to niflvep as
just desi^ribed, a din of ftOiiiids issued from ov@ry uuiirter.
which exceeded in variety and force what we had heeii
previously a<MiUstoiiicd to. Uniuis of European mannfuo
ture Rud lufUt’ after the manner of the Dutch, with silver
truiupi-ts, were brought in to play on this oceasion. 1’he
letter oarrie<l under a canopyp supported hy 4 persons of
middle rank, nud preceded by the presents^ with
BurruuJiding gii arils ^ of our Sepoy a and those of Candio,
we ail proc^eeded — handing the roepeedivo great iiieiit in
regular order* The Troopa first crossed the river* then
the Palankeen and seiwanls i the horae and other pn^senta
immediately before the letter: and last of all, Mr. A* and
his partj'j acimtnpanied by the Candian Gentn^. We
reached the opposite banks of the river exactly at k ]past
6- The Supiier Gama Do then told Mr, A.+ he woud
move on iu frontp and that after a short lime the gentle¬
men might follow in Palaiikeeas. Matters tvere thus
arranged for our better convenience* as we coud not
proceed in front of the procession* we therefore waited
a reasonable period, and did noi reach the Choultry, at
w'hicli all were to rendevons, until i past 8.
This place is full 3 miles from the river, and better
than J of a mile from the Poiace. The weather proved
unfavourable; rain oontiuued to fall {luring alitiost
the entire evening: the roads were consequently in
many places extremely unpleasant* whicdi iuduLed, or
indeed obliged us to walk a good deal, as the bearers got
on with great difficulty when we were iu the Palankeens*
There is how'ever but one very bad passage, which leads
through Paddy fields for about J a mile with the estre-
inities steep and rm ky. We ctosaed n bridge formed by
one stone, upward-s of 18 feet in length and from 7 to 8
in breadth: the work beneatli is composed of brick and
cbitinm. Five barriers of slender texture are placed
along this road at different siatiuns^ earh of which was
» JOCBSAL, B.A,S. (CfcVTXlN). [VoL. XXVI.
^aarded by about 20 mru, all Malays—d^seiirters no doubt
from the Dtitcli. At tlie three last were placed 2 sinal)
bra$s {^uus (2 puuaders) one oii each side the toad, ruu
through, close to the barriers^ and pointing towards
the Quarter we advanced from. 'The 'ITillaf'es, or
oiuneriins houses dispersed alonjr, appeared principally
inhabited by the above class of people, who were to be
seen, of both seie*. younjf and old. The Choultry we
halted at, is a wretched hovel, little suited for the
reception of an Ambassador, particularly when &□ near
to the seat of Empire; or iudee{l is it of a piece with our
late accomodations. Here we had to remain until 1 past
port of wbirb time wo passed at Supper.
The approach of the Attamh Corleh, Supper Gama,
aud Oudapalleh Bcssahs with some Talloomaare beiajr
aiuiounced. wo again got under way in the same order we
had proceeded from the river. Here a messa|;D was again
delivered fiom the King, intimaliug his Boyal pleasure
as before. Proceeding a few hundred yards, we met the
2nd JHnister, whose approach bad, as usual, been
anm.iineed by the cracking of Wbiijs, Changinn pattnin
as the rank of those by wboiu we were escorted rendered
it necessary, and then entering the Town, wo shortly
arrived under cover of a Bogaba tree of immense size, its
branches extebding Quite across the street, which was here
very broad: the body stimd at some distance to the right,
encompassetl in o work of stone apparently ancient that
added much to its native Majesty. ITnder this tree was
ranged in regular order a post of great men. with the
Prime -Minister at tbefr bead.
Innumerable lights blazing forth from small iwts,
resembling chafing dishes, with long handles affixed to
them, and carried by boys, rendered every surrounding
object discernible, and displayed a sight which nU com¬
bined to render equally grand as it was novel and
imiTOsiog, The Candian Court dress which all the great
Xo+ 71. —1®1S4 JOOBXAL OF A TOITR TO CASDIA^ O'
p<>ople wore oe tbift occ^^ioEj is nch^ Abowy aod woEiler-
full}’ ^alcolat^d^ wheti to express elevated tank.
Upwards of 30 io tbis attire* formed one linep
immediately in the rear of whkb stood attendants
bearing KittLsaula^ TaUipotAp and the varioufii insiiTEla
of office and rank. Here commenced the street of Troops,
which line the remainder of the way to the palace,
ilr. Andrews received a last Message from Majesty,
rather more peremptory than former ones; it was delivered
by the Prime Minister and e^^preised the King’s Ord^r-t
that he i"Mr. A) and the Gentlemen oceompan^dng him
shond repair as soon ns possible to his presence. Again
ushered by new Friends, we advanced at a slow pace,
the streets decorated on both sides with flowers, and
various kinds of verdure, snsiiended in different forms
from ropes passed along poles placed at short distances
from each other: and here niid there in front of the
houses of great men, eihibifions of difl^erent orders of
architecture and other ornamental matters^ of a stately,
pompms, and what is eJciraordlEary, of a regular and well
proiH>rtioned 8ppearanre”the whole advantageously lit
up, and perfectly dLscernihla,
The streets, towards the close of this wa}% displayed
an encrease of show in everything-—the Troops of ilotleyp
curious, but improved appearance, drawn up in various
order; a range of Elephants in the n^ar; isume of the
finest T had ever seen) crowds of spectators; the
variegated^ grand and curious apiiearaucfi of all in
luotion ; and the air echoing with whatever was conducive
to sound—left only room for wonder at all beheld.
We at length arrived at tlie Area opp<'»site the Palace,
w'liert* having haltnl a few minutes, we advanced through
a lenipfuiiry Anhp formed by a grand piece of machinery
in front—this led to the outward gateway which was
entered iiuiler a discharge of guos and the coutinuntion of
former uproar. flaving reached an irregular square.
m
JOURNAL, R,A43. (OEYLOS ). [Voi-^ XXVI.
surrounded by difPerent buildiiif^a^ to which the Sepoys
and qur immediiate servants were admitted^ Mr. A.
resumed his former hurt ben and passing a lar^re fdhlint:
door attended by the two MiniAteraj was introduced
directly into the body of the Palace:* the Gentlemen
ottendini' Mr. A. T. ^Mootiali Jloodelier and P* A.
Moodelier^ the Company's Interpreters^ with a writer
Myly Condapub, were the only persona admitted here.
The atepe leading up to this door^ as well as those on the
outside of atlj were lined by a class of men, difierinjr in
dress and features^ as well as in the superiority of their
■Heydt"* descriptian of tljff appriMwh of the embaasy whicll ha
aoogmp^nicd to the palsce and into tha pretence of the Kinj^
sgrws exBrCt!^ with tho accounts of Andmwji' eippriencesf idven
hrr^r 1 annex a sketch of b fc^ntaiiro rostomticn of the palace
kindly fumisbed by "Sir. Codrln^tan which win help to make ihmm
accountB better understood ApiMi'iidLE B), In 17&5 a now
Auiliunoc Hetll was bc^titi hy linjailld- in sll prebahLIity it li the
pnsent building knewu by thnt njunp, Tlio dimensjonA gtren
by Pybui&i 60 feec by 30 more or Itss aijrec ^\l\i thou of the prcAent
Audience HbU^ and it U likely that Rajadbi wont on the same lines
ns the old one. Pp'^sibljT 0 P& end of the building was uud ns an
Audience Hail st the time of And row s^ rijilt. Slr+ Codriaffton
says '^Thero is no ^iibt that cases were hesrd hy the chiefs in the
Hall and the King sometbues listaiied ULrongb a window.
D'Oyljf't ia)CJ-lSI3, iTientiOha thu 5LnhA Maprjap^ of the
MahnWaulm^^ .
^ ''nic King sat at the M^tigawa end behind a ^rcoa with a
dirLKion In it, and Fridkam estk that in his time there were
pointed walk fire feet thick routid that end^ 'Tlicy ore shown in eld
pictures.
There la also appended i Appendix C) a i^omponitiet* table nf
different stoges of approach to the myal presence of the six
emhaji^icft-^^Ai^eeii (liRfS), PyhuB (17621^ Boyd (17S2K Andraws
(1705 and 17^) and Macrlownll (IBDO). They agree mere or lesi
except as regards the audience hall. In Pybus' case it waji raining
and m was apparently hurried round by a aide yerandnli to np inner
conrt and so miesod the outer haU <Xo. 6 tn sketch!, BetwiHiEi
1762 and 1796 die Dutch had sacked and posfnhly burnt Kandy.
In riew of the pillars In the presedt audienpo hall lioing mere
and more ornamented as eue goes towards ^ho old PalBce end^
Mr, Codringtort is inclined to think that it rorresponck to No. 5
m the sketch (AppondLs B). In 1803, after the rebuilding of the
palace, it may have been used hy the Ksue is an audience hall,
or it may hare lioen pei-mauently turned into one^
[^o fftet that the pillars am less ornamental st the
Maliptawa end of the Andience Hall la AC€onnte<l for by the
originid pillars haring ln?en removed owing to decay and rcpiaccd
hy others takesi: from the hnildiag now used aa the Kandy
^1 useum—f[. WX, ]
Xo. T! HUB,] JOUHNAlv or a TOUK to t-ANDU.
[L
n.nd luak^^ from any we bad before seen; t-bey weiro
armed with sword and both of immense sise—the
former undrawn with a red scabbard, and advanced io the
cavalry cliargiog position, I understand these Troops
to be Tanjoreoiififc mid that a series of the same people
have for a coDsiderable length of time served the Kings
of Candia, Without, and close to this last entrance stood
a nimieroua band of 3Iusicians^ dressed in a superior
stile—Trumpets and a species of Hautboy were their
principal instmiaants^aiid tho’ giving' a full scope to
their Inngs^ the ear was not affected to the same dis^
ngreoable pitch, which others had done: them was some
thing in their stile of playing uncommon, and net
altogether displeasing.
Wc were now entered the palace, and a sudden
transit from the thundering sounds abroad, to the perfect
stillness that succeeded, prepared the mind in some
measure for what ensued-—a scene the most extraordinary,
1 may say, the most marvellous that foried fancy coud
well picture! ^tud one which impresaod me with more of
unusual sensation—whether of wondert horror, or disgust,
than 1 had ever experienced at any time of my life.
A hall of consiJurahle length first presented itself;
on each side and round the whole were rows of TiillaTs,
distributed through which and along tlie walls
appeared regular ranges of Troops, uniformly placed
together-—some supporting spears in different positions,
others^ undmwn swords, and man 3 ' firelocks cased over
widi white cloth, as the swords were wdth red, or
sheathed in scabbards of that colour. Turbans of
iinusuol dimenaionst hclinetfl, and bonnets, chiefly dis-
tinguished the respective body a—^all preserving most
stotiie-^lihq |x>stures as we advanced, ushered by fbe
principal oflBcers.
Thus early did the scene summons my utmost
ania^ement: Stage effect on some Tragic occasion had
[2
JOURNAL. R,A-S. (CEVLOs). [VOL. XXVI.
given but a faint idea of wkat I saw. The entrance to
this hall was near the right extremity. Having proceeded
to the end we reached an open space forming a sniall
square^ to the right of which was a hnl] of inferior size—
twti sides of which, opposite each other^ were formed by a
double row of pillars^ the third constituted the boundary
between iAs>, and the mered part of the Palace—^an arch
woy^ with a white curtain drawn across it, nearly filled
up the other^ to whicli^ as directed, we instantly fronted,
Hr. Andrews standing in the Center, l>eariag, as already
mentioned, the silver dish &c* All was silence and
expectationr At n partioular signal the outward curtain,
or that of the arch nest us, being removed, six different
curtains,* passed between as many arches in front, lint
in a separate opartmeut, succesaively followed: a thin
gauaie one, only, remaining acroas an Arch at the further¬
most extremity leading to a third apartment. This for a
few' s€>conds gave a dim view of Majesty^ whicli on it's
rcMuoval hla^A'd forth Jn greatest spleudourp distant from
w’liere ive were aboiit 34 ^'^rds. imniediatel 3 ' knelt—
■ lic^dt a*va notJli^g of curtflins+ he mentionji the
wliiM? hneii doth with ■rhicb the halls vrm
Hih lUuEitptioii no 274 of th<! iCinK’s rmption
of tli^ ^owB a fine piece of taiicjitr^ fiUinK up tlio
emirc end of the Andieuce Hull^ behind the Klng^, who li Acat«d
on liJft thi^ne. tapes depict a oh interTiew hotwe^^u thrM
(or fDiir?|i Dutchrnra m Jute scr^ntceuth or eiirljp oightBooth
wntiirv costume with three-CHiruered lints, anJ throe (or two?I
i ciue of ths Ihitcbuiea ia jwstod under a tree, and the
Dthira are spjmreatiy proventiug the Kandyanri to him. The
Liftt Randy a 11 hai^ at his heeb a doE with a curb tail—w-e
have ttp hre^ at the prcjicnt day in Oybn. There ia open
l^hlnil with a mountain Tcry life# Alsgalla in the hack-
; Jii* Upsstry mu At have I«a?& prosented to tho King hv
the ^ rM OrieiitaJ alK>nt it except
U tt had ppulmhij rotted a Way in the moiat climiite of
Kamiy thiriUu the i|[ULrtor nf a contUrr >b&fi>™ the orril al o^ PVbufc
or he doos not rtientiori thla nor any Upcatiy. Ho atatea that
there were Kix ciirtaEfia (tiriding the audience haU iotn jundionA.
nml - bheu the ifocoud was red, tlio third white,
^ ^ ‘ Andrew* utcntiaitt^ thrw
,.f ' J'arphprimh WJ'i ihjit « at the entrwnce lo the hall
Of audiiAiire xeTcrMl curtama were drana".
Xu. 7L IIMS.] JOURNAL OF A TOL'R TO C4NDIA l3
tbe 2 tuininter^, Trith tb« 5 ^real Bos^abi? to the and
L^ft ill front I and tlie *i iuterE^r(^tf?rB in tbf? raai't f^U pro:i-
trat«?p tliPir cIipMs toui-hln^ip th<? p^ronnd, nnd Lalf minj^
Tvitb as umcb psptFdition i>ossibk, repeated the mmv
t Trice] bet Tree n each time certain inYorations were spoken,
and after tlie '^nl followed a prayer. The Kiiijjr here apoke^
ordi^rin^r tkeui^ aa I imderstooil to remain. They sfrain
propitiated theinseh'e^ ri sepanite times, in tbe tpame
manner^, and with the same invocations as l^efore. The
Kinjr uttered some rrords; the ione of voice conveyed
iiimsual sensations] it seemed to issue aa from some
concavity, and was not attended Ijy any motion on liis
part* The prostrating crew once more ufeted a few
words in supplicating tone, when something briefly pro¬
noun ced by the King caused all to rise^ and ascending by
3 steps leading up to the arch in front, we entered the
apartment that bad just opened to our view, moncbed
on about 4 steps and again knelt, while the ceremony just
now descriljed was performed by the ‘«ame ^lersons.
Rising once more, and having advanced a like distance we
readied a cai-pet with which the remainder of the Moor
was covered; here we knelt anil the others went tbrongb
the former prostratintia^ amounting in all to 18* This
over^ Mr. Andrews rose (we inferior characters remaining
Mxed) and attended by the 2 Ministers on bis right und
left^ advanced to the foot of the Throne^ where he knelt
while the King, who himself uncuvereti the bason, toojf
cult the letter, and placed it by him. Mr* A* was tbeii
conducted back, in Tvkicb directum be moved, fronting
the King all the while, and resumed liis place kneeling in
the center of ua. The 2 Ministers repaired to the right
and left of the furthermost arched way, which formed the
center of a jiartition that separated the room we were in,
from that in which stood the Thrune — elevated on a stage
of 3 feet high I further on a ver}*^ few yards — here they
knelt invisible to the King, but at the moment of
14
JOURNAL, H,A.S. ^CETLO^')* * * * ***** [VOE- XWL
aJilre^^itiji^ him^ wLi^ii the [vetitiouiug poKtur& of tlje head
and haiidfl di&f OTti'ed those parts + Immediatelv iii front
of us, to the rij^ht and left, knelt the tliffereuf Dessahs,
one of whic h (tiie xvith u C'andiuu Interpreter,
remained dose to nnr^, who eoiiimniiioated directly with
ilr+ A*
This lieing the station we iuostly occupied whilst the
rays of j^lorions Unjesty beamed forth on our humbled
persons^ I shuU postpone detailing what followed, to take
a Tiew of the lla^ic M-eiie that bad just oju?iied.
Tike apartment is about SfJ yards in leuf^th and 12
iu breadth — crossed bj 6 Uj?ht and elej^ant arehep, cam-
loosed entirely of ornamental materials. On each sidep
f? pillors connected by arches similar to the others of which
they are the comnioD support—the whole dec-orated with
white Muslin puckered into a variety of shapes,^ and hero
and there flowers, form ranges entirely distinc^t from the
center, and from within which the Kiujj is not visihle.
Round the pillars and in front of the lutermediatn spares
were phired Chandeliers nnd other Machines w'itli lights;
the former contained Caudles of uncommon jiize. those
from (heir whiteness 1 jud^e to have been made of
cinnamon oil or wa:^, the exclusive bIka of which the K of
Cnndin rcserres for liimself^ Directly in a Une with the
pillars were mnped men in plain white (^tndian dress,
one on each side otnreat the Throne held representations
of the Sun nnd Moon, the nest, two ver^’ large bows
haiulBoniely jiainted, and at tending them ? persons with
clusters of variously painted arrows, partly covered over
* Tiiu DiaiLn A of tSv^ woa Ae^miiiAEk&.
Imoirn a* rtli pdt^mo^ihe Kondysn style of decora-
r® tormed ReroMi It, witli Iwmboo or boih* other kind of
muslm. mtermiied ^rith
™ ^ spotted bRndkerthiefK, puffed mudi in
M^ niatner o Ifcdy^H niff for her neck” (Pybufi. p. 7S).
***** ^*T“ piiUra that HiipporE^ theia, nnd
twu ail™, to the riKht and left, were Tery pretlllv adorned
with fest^K>ns of muihjis. etc., of Tmnous tolodrs ” (Bord, p. S121.
15
'So, 71 .— 1918 .] OF A ^riJlTH TO CAXOtA,
with n ffold and silver hiud of rlotli, tbe remainder*
apeara^ a words and low#f and amall flfold a ad silver tipped
aticka. The meo that held the hows and aiTQwa and
apeajM, had ii white taped!ke strap placed heoeath the
tinderlip—from which it phased upwards to the hack part
of the boiiBct, otid there fastened,
lu the rear of tbe^e perac>tis knelt all Inferior
courtiers—that m —every one under the rank of Desaah.
The partition in our front, l>y which this rouiii was
separated from that where stood the Throne* appeared
very hrilliant. To the ripht and left were 4 immense
looking ^lasses^ Iwtweeq which a a weU ns aimve and
below* were dispersed a variety of f^olA iiud silver nnd
otlier decoratimifl. The arch was marked hy vorioua
coloured mouldings^ uud hnn^ round with irold fringe_
above it was a lUnunutivc repreflcntation of the Sun and
Afoon in pold and silver.
ithin this urcb at the shoi-t disfance 1 already
mentioned, was the King—seated on Ids Throne—in nil
the pomp, inng-iiilicent-e, and luster, that it is iiossible to
concudve. The Thnine oppeored of solid pold, rariously
worked, ami resenibliti^^ in form a larpc si^ed arm chair,
of ^old, risinp to a |]eak in the center of the Imrk, on
which Was placed a larpe knob of R:o!dj worked in to an
oval form; this part, ofl well as the whole of the Thnane,
Was studded with piwione stones of every ilescription and
size.
The King magoifiriently dresseil; but his roheH my
bedaubed with gold* and so played upon by the counter-
octing luster of innumerahle gems, that I can m^t he
particular in ascertain itig any part of it, [ roud observe
that contniry to the geiieifil |iriuci]}lc of dress in Candia,
Ids sleeves reached as low down as the wrist—soineddnir
very ponderous or unwieldy hung from hjs neck, to the
loMTer part of which and alioiit the place where onr wxtlidi
chain makers its apiiearanre was nffised an emerald of the
IG
JOURNAL, (CEYLON). [TOL. XXVL
lar^e-it diw^a^ioos 1 bad ev^r beard of. From under bU
robeiii, immediately below the kuees, appeared looff
draAYs of n red oad yellowisL colour, oud very rich —
alK>ut half the small of tbe wns risible, and
ornaioented with a gold tape or ribbon^ drawn across in
the old Rmuaii stile. Tlie slippers covered with gold and
inlaid here and there with different kinds of stones, were
pulled up behind. The arms partly placed on tbe Throne,
allowed bis hands to rest in an easy poature alniut the
center of the thigh : in the left hand he liold a haiidker-
chief, in tlie right, ns yearly as T was abk' tn discern, a
fiubre ill mibiahire, about S or G inches long, the scabbard
blacky tipd with gohl —^a bluziog stone was all I coud
distinguish of the batidle. The legs ^nd thighs lomiiug
a convenient single^ allowed his feet to rest apparent! v at
ease in front. (Jn the whole liis position was eictremely
graceful, and highly' niojestick^ tlm^ for some time he
looked a perfect slatue^ one very gentle motion of his
body, and the left band brought up twice to the forehead,
diBcovered^ liowaver, that this Candian divinity existed
and gave strong reasons for supposing that the voice we
had lieartl wus in ivality bis, which niigbt hax'e been
previously cloub+eil; for never at the moment of warmest
delusion, was sj>ectjjcle so stnioge^ so altogether niagicaL
painted to my fancy — no}!^ even at the period of youth
w'lien such risLuna are most likely to be encoiimged.
The Crown was also of solid goldj light and elegantly
constructed. It seemed of quadrangular form, from each
point of which i&aued a prong ornamented with precious
stones—to the right and left of the center were also two;
J cannot say whether a something dark on the end of them
was of a precious nature or not. Throughout file l>ody of
the Crown appeared rubies, emeralds, 4c., Ac. In short
“the Crown, Throne and dress of the King appeal^ed to
be made np of or ornamented v^^itll every sparkling,
gaudyr and precious quality, that the mineral world had
Sq. Tl.—1918.] OF A Tore to c.indl4. 17
to bestow—and in the order aud methud wLiieli te^ulnted
tlieir distributioD^ as well m that of the torrespoiidiujkr
emhleriis on and about big |>ersoii there was eriual subject
for admiration and DStoiiigliiiient. Over the Throne hiin^
a Canopy made of white muslin^ fine elothp or mjjrht
possibly have been Gold Cloth — it was very neatly shaped
— the species of work fraoi the distance I was at looked
more like fili^free than any other, the iKjrder or festonu
that hmifr lowest was worked in to a variety of well dis¬
posed and regular forios^ Three steps led np to the ThrouCp
to the ri^ht and left of which were placed two lar^e
square cushions^ eoveiled with silver eloth, which seiwed
to i^Lve it a beconniig fullness. The inside of the partition
1 have descril>ed, was entirely Ut upi and reflet“ted diretuly
on the i>erson of the and Tlirone, while the spare
in the rear^ not very extensive^ tended by its riliseurity to
render both more refnl gent. Here stood m or 13 men
(Tanjoreeus) unarmed^ or without any insii^nia of office.
To the right and left, on the inside the ai>?h were ijlaced
the persons {the^- ore said to have been feniyles) who acted
as: (Jhowrey Inirdaurs.* The motion of the rliown^y was
all we coud distiiiguiah.
Thus as nearly as I con recoUect, or my confined
capaf!ity for description will allow' me to relate, was
composed the scene we had to gaze 00, situated, as already
meiitioned, at the extreme liorder of a carpet which
coi'ered the space between us and the Throne. To speak
the efi’etds a combination so extraordinary tiiMsi have bad
on any person contemplating such a spectacdr for the
first time, wood be attempting at niore than peihai>s those
better qualified wood presume to do. Hoping therefoi'c,
that my situation is conceived as having entiwl this
luminous apartment or hall (the center arches in
perspective) so Ht up as to express it's most trifiing oriun
* Women CKriytna fanfl [fly-whisba mide of jak taila.^
H.W.C.] </7Adaia»'at tainlk.|i &h rDpreH^nted on the innvr witlla of
the {>M Fmlacc at Kandy +
JOURNAL^ (cETXOX)^ [YOL- XXTl_
liients—tbe v^rioiia orders of Courtiers and otbera-
dispersed nloog^ and behinii the Coloiiades on eaoli aide
—tlie splendid dress of the former^ to^tber with the
suppliennt post urea of all—-these extraordinary objects
con tamed to tbe turthennost extremity, where tbrouKh
an arcb in its center^ decorated in the most artful and
saperb stilej tbe Kinji^ appearsfl seated up on bis Throne^
blazinj^ fortb in every li^bt Likely to express Majeaty^
and with de»iurep Linperiuoa,H tiiid ubsoLute deportmeut^
a deport me Jit well suited to the humbled at ate of his
TOttuies, and aervaota^—trusting, 1 any that such my
situation^ is in £ome meastire understoodp I will return to
what tEKjk place while we remained here.
The King^ who when lie spoke did not otherwise
ap[pe:ir to do m than that a sound was beard to come from
nl>ont the Tlirone, (si:i majestically iiiotiQiiless did he
rermuij) some iiiomeuts after Mr, A*n return to our
kiii-eUng rowp saiil a few words, which the Prime
Minister on the left side the Arch (os olreody described)
took nji—and from iiu easy state of the kneeling position
(the Ijody teslitig backwards on the feet, hands clasped,
by the fingers passing through each other ond placed on
the lap) he brought his bend down to within a few inches
of the floor half turning to his left, with bunds closed,
fingers extendedp and projecting diagonally downwards,
in which situation he implDrcfi or addresseil tbe King.
Having done which^ Olid ret^eived aa I suppose an order to
make known bis royal will, he brought himself back to
tbe first positinn. am! then snug out bis Mftjestys titles,
after them followeil what was intended for Mr.
The Oweh Dessab, who, as 1 have observed, was
inimediatebv next us, imparted what the Minister bad
repeatedp to bis own interpreter, in the language he had
received it, (the Cingalese) this interpreter explained it
to the Company^fl iq Malabar and by the latter person wns
conveyed to Mr, Andrews in English; it expr€^ftsed his
Xn. 7L— 1918.] Jortt.VAL of a tofh to vskbix.
orfli^r to Mr^ Amirews ami tlie with
hiiD to ait dowa* Tbiit^ in iibeciieut^ to eatfiliUshed
etiquette, liS ^rantin^ estraoriiinary atid roiides^'emlin#e
imiulgente, we coud not romjdy with, until eiifnired Hv
a second niaiidate. Such being nnide known thiough the
proper persona (the some) and understoiHl by the King,
he again deigned to re|>eat Uifl former pleasure^ wliinh
w'as iiiT.piirted tlirough th# loriuer ehxinnel and with the
same eereiHQn 3 '. We (krtf all sat dciwii^ careful to avoid
placing our feet m front i as such forgetfulnesja woud have
been deemed as ins ailing to Mfliest>% as Imd we stood up,
or used aii^' otlier niode of lieiiig more fully at ease. In
this tnaiiiier at as delivered every 4|Uestioii nr order from
the King to Mr. A,, and answered by the latter with the
same regularity. From the mnment of Mr. A*s C'om mu bl¬
eat ing any question or observatinii to Liis iiiletpreter, lo
the time that the answer vr-At> given liim hy the regular
conrsey tliere wns generally' a lapse of Wtween 20 iiTid -W
miimtes, more frequently nearer the latter period.
The King tlieu iiiforniLKi himself of Lonl Hedjart^s
health—that of the difereui memli^rs of the Government
of Madras, and Geaerul Stewart's* He closed those
t list a lives of his benevolently grucious goodness by asking
how Mr. A, had been treated since he arrived within his
dubiinionSj and whether he had enjoyed health since that
period. We were all Lanludeil in the lalter part* He
next bestowed his blessing on I^rd Hobart, and I think
some of the other great men, which Mr. Andrews
answerei] by bowing twice^ in gratitude for sufdi honnty
towards his su|>erioTfl.
The object of Mr. A'a missiem was alliHled to—by
Avhom he bad been sent—and whether he atob the hearer
of any presents fur Majesty. Mr. AndreAvs replied^ that:
if permitted he w'ou^d disclose the object nf his mission,
tt^hich answer became necessary', aj* his being alloAved to
do so,was to be considered an imlulgence, and therefore
20 E.A.s. (cETfLON). [Vot- XXTI.
tn be ordeieil tirice. This part of tbe Kiii^r*8 pleaaci^
T^'ifcsi not bo«r eiiforc^ilt but Mr. A, merely ordered to
witlidiaw and deliver over to tlte lliui&terfi the preeentg
he had brought. We eouftequeiitly all roBe^ the
MiiJiBtei-jq and otkera Laving liret gone through the flame
uuuiber of prostrations practieed when advaociog at the
clofle of every €+ a few words ia like luaDoer repeated by
the King, permitted no doubt of their retiring, as he
formerly giauted leave to approach. We fronted towards
his Majesty duiiug our progress bac'kwards, and kneeling
at the regulated distaneei! reached our first station at the
outwaixl archM way^—the curtain of which being drawn
afrroBflj we sttusd up, and handed as before returned by
the way wo had entered. All were fixed in the stations
they uroupied when we first made our appearaiiLC,
Reaching the outward door of the bwly of the Palace^ we
pa-ssecl into the Court yard, where some conversation took
place iHUween Jlr, A, and tlie Ifinistera, and having
delivered over charge of everythiag in the way of
presents, we shortly again stood in front of the Areh
which was once more to bless us with the sight of this
great King.
The cereiimny was exactly the same that attemleJ
our first entr^, for 1 cannot term it introduction.
The King in his present enquiries^ noticed the Army
atiil Xavy; and lieing informed that liis orders concerning
the presents were duely attended to, he adTcrted to 3Ir,
Andrews's niissioii, who beged leave to say, ** that he
had the honor of being the hearer of a letter from the
Giivernment of Madress to his Majesty^ accompanied by
the Treaty agreed ou between hia Majesty's servants and
the alx»ve Goverjiment, the preliminaries of which had
been fully corihrme^ hy his ilajeflty. This Treaty being
unw perfe^-ted on the piirt nf the Madrass Govern!nent, it
only Waited to be itluiuiiintcd by his Jiajesty's approval*
to be made completely valid/'
71.— JOUH^M- 07 A torit TO CAJrniA. 21
“Tlie Madra.^ GnYPriuiieat ansiouft for tbe Iioijnr
ol soek na alliaiice vvitli hij^ Slaiy.. us well as raaviae^il
of iLe odYimtugiffl that woiid in coaBefiiienct mutually
accrue to the depeudaais ou botk atatee, bad eliai jred bhn
to eJECirt every meaiia towards efFec^tiniP' this desired object
with all jMjssible expeditioo. He trusted therefore that
on these consideratioiiB H- M. woud coiiLdeck:enti to (rive
I be matter bis attentioii, and Ue fTracionsly pleased to
honor the present Treaty with his siKHOture.''
The Kiiipf briefly ^ave to nntlerstaudj I hat it was bis
intention to consider on the Imsiuess now proposeili and
that be sboud hereafter apprise Mr. A. of his pieusure-
Mr* Andrews attempted in vaiu to nrirue, to inform
himself more particularly on the score of this
peremptoryp and uuesptHded kiii(;^iia|?e—but to no pur¬
pose. He was told in a private oonversation with the
Oweb and Supi>er O-aim^b DessahSp wbieb latter came
forward at this crLtical iKrcasioii, very suflii ieiit proof
of the part he has been suspected of acting alt alonj^) that
bis Majy/ii dei^laration must lie rereived pcjsilivi^^—
that any uUeratiou ia it eoud not Ue as iiiiirb as pro^msed
—and to convey such proiMisitiobj wood be tn forfeit tbeir
lives I He was therefore to rest satisfied with what he
bud heard. There was no other channel tliiuu^rh which
to address the King, but the i'onrt Interpreter, the t^web
Dessah, and the good Supper Gama apiieared earefill ^
indeed deterniinodp that no remoiistnmre or esjdanatiou
from Mr. Andrewa aiiond be offered (a most v^^nvokiup^
situation for Mr^ A. to imve been plai’ed in find a true
picture of the bonda^^e as well as the ijruoiance in wbiBdi
the i«>verei|jfn of Candle is endrtded!)
ilr. A. warned these j^entlemon to recollect that lie
luul attempted to urge the wishes of the Govemmeut of
Muilruss, and the acceptance of the Treaty this night,
ns it did not follow that be wood have it in his iiower to
wait his llajeaty^a pleasure for a more floal answer:
JOUHNAL, tt.A.S. (CETLOX). [V«L. XXVT-
ili c^siiie uf u failure of the measure he had mow in vain
exerted hiiu^elf tu hriiifT a bout ^ uo blunie croud
eQoa^ciuently full to bis siiure. ^ To this the Slipper Qainu
Desstrili peevislily replied, that Mr. A, need not make
himself uneasy as to an)' delay lie waa to experienee—
nolle IVas likely to happen; and he mijrht rest assured of
beio)c shortly by his llEijesty \ This mi|;ht
possibly liave been differently meant from the lij^ht io
TV hick it struck me—to me-—appears uner^niTTieally to
denote wliat further may be expected from this Court on
the prpfieiit oeciision.
This private debate at mi end the resumed la
]i:irolep and ordered Mr, Audrews and tils party to return
to their <|iiarter&; ive in consefiuence rose, and withdrew
os foTmerly. Having^ reached the Jwjuare abmadp a few
words passed lietween Hr. A* and the first Minister^ after
wbieb we were banded to a lar^e building on one Hide of
the Court* nml bavitt|< ascended a fli|rht of i^teps, we
entered a lon^ unioea 111111; room^ lined throiiirhoiit Tvitb
white clot Si. At one end atcHjd 3 clumsy Tobies spread
w'itb fruit and sweetmeats, and placed in front of benches
erected olon^ the wall, We remaiued hero from nhout 1
until [la&t d o^elock+ when acc|uuiuted that some frreat
men waiteil our atten<iam^e below i we repsiired there,
IIlid ill a short lime after were conducted out of the Palace,
ill tlic same manner we liad cuteieih wltli the exception
tliat no discharge of guns took place, nor did any roiisic k
play.
The Ministers haring at^^ompauied us about lOO
yiirds. tofik their leave. The Des^ahs continued until we
got out the TdwHp and then handed us over to certain
Andr^iTH \a extremely unpnpiilaT jit. Court of K^ndv, for
nonconformitT and oj?en contempt of ridicukiuii and tireftomo
thoUKfi not dpgmdini; $iointi of etiquette. Both imriien ennRidcr
.A ndrcPTis,' Treatj oa contrarr to their intere^ta.^"
to l^rd StorninEion, doted 27
IVtoiter. ITw?,, m Cri^on /xiferar^ V"ol, IL^ p. 2J30.1i
SOr JOrfiNAL OF A TOUH TO CASPJA. 23
TiillaomaaTaj, cljargecl by bin Majesty to sei^ us safe baek
to our Quarters, Arliieli duty they effected tiiost
punctiliously. We took leave of eacb otUer J before
5 o'clock*
Tbe distiiOce from our preseiit residenre to Cuodiap
or more properly k the Kiu^’s |iolai‘e whlrli wus our utmost
atretcb^ 1 reckon three miles iibd a bo If — and our omfrreeSi
^ tediuua aud disagreeable was eutirely qwioj: to tbose
causes already mentioned.
Among^ tbe Troops drawn out to receive us this
eveuiuffj wkicb I kave forgot to notiue, wus a corps
dressed iu a most wkuDskul sty le—t heir imifonu
tt^^oibiiug whut tbe Fortugue^ie wore some centurya
ago« In features they appear like tbe Idtick people
generally known by that ap|iellation, tbo' bearing more
marks of European dlstincthiUp tlian are iisiially met witb.
This CTening a messeuger waited on Mr, Andrews nu
tbe part of tbe Kiug^ desiring to know tbe state of lib
health after the fatigues iif yesterday, and whether he
had reached his quarters in safety. These mighty kind
euquiries replied to^ Hr. Andrews requested tbe
iue^*5eHger to convey a message from him to his
Majesty's MinisterSp to the foUnwiug purport^^^ That the
end for which he (Mr. A) was deputed to bis (/undiau
Majesty* not having been* contrary to his especlutioast
answered in any degree, or u period fixetl for its accom¬
plishment, during his viflit at Court the night before—be
was now under the necessity of ileclaring, in consequenee
of letters be had lately received, as well as from other
considerstionsr that if not admitted the following evening
to an audience, in order to perfect or establish the object
of his mission, he woud most positively, io suoh case*
set out on hk return to Coin in Im t\k& foUowing morning/'
A long conversation took place on this occasion*
where some very poultry allusions were made to the pre¬
sents brought by Mr, Andrews ami even doubts started
15th.
24
JOirttiAL, K A.s, [Vol. XXVI.
\\mt the like Lnd ever been mieiicletl hy the Gutemor
of 3Jadrafli^ for the King t>i Cnmlia. He, hoWEVer, com¬
batted these gent km en ^tliout mmh. difficulty, and seized
the ojiiMirtunity to be verj' eiplicit on the present Tektiee
eitnatioii of our X at ion and theirs—observing—^tliat,
such were the presents the Madrass Goverunient had
thought proper to send, not lu the Ugbt af Tribute aa
the Dutch were wont to do, but as a matter of compliment
from a great Na4ion'^^
Hr. A., Was further urged to recollect that the
impcntaui-e of the businesa he was the bearer of, demanded
on the part of the Candiaji GoTenimeiit great delibera¬
tion, and *ircuHiapef'tioJi—farcical mode of reasoniiLg
at this crisi#^ and which was given itk proper weight.
A repetition of Hr. A.^'s bnal determination concluded tho
meeting.
Arroi'ding to bis declared intention Mr. A. directed
every preparution lor departure, in the event of the
King's not previously intimating hia wish^ or ordert for
his uttendanc-e at Court this night.
Again were the eieriions and sensibility of our
yiiung triend ttie iJessLih ealleil into action—this 1 had a
particutar opportunity of witnessing. About 111 o'cilock
at night happening to he at bis house on some private
pursuit^ I wns reijiiested to he the hearer of a Message
be has just received from Condia, and also to convey to
Mr. A. his wish to lae allow'ed to visit him just then.
The unseasonable hour rendered his i:¥cept[ou doubtful—
and Hie im}iortance of the communication he bad to
make made him extreniely anxious to communicate
eitlter imiiieiliatel^' with Mr, A, or through any person
having access to him, I was therefore intreated in the
most earaest mauiit^r to add my influence to many
arguments offered to induce Mr, A., to delay his intended
departure the iollowing morning. I shoud thereby,
w'as it added, confer not linlv a general obligation on bis
2l1
Xo. 71.-1918 ] jor^tNAL of a TotJJt to canpja.
aervfliitSp but add to tbuae he (the younff
Des»ah) already aekuDW led fifed hiiuaelf under to tue.
Early thiM morniufif we ^^ere prepare;! tu set out on
our return tu Cnlumlnj. At the inatunce,, howeTer, of
our friendp Mr. A. agreed to wait until 10 o'clock, being
assured that intelligence satialactory to Mr^ A. would be
received before tlial hour.
At 10 the Desj^flh visited Mr. A, None beside the
interpreters attended. It wps then agreed tn deW our
journey until the 19tli when solenin ppomisea wore given
that we shoud be then received at Cnurt.
Mr. A,* was informed this tuortiing of the Prime
iMiiiistera being taken illp and that hia vi^lt to Candia must
consequently be postponed. A lueaaenger was on tlua
instantly dispatched to Ministers^ to say'—-"^if Hia
Majesty did aot think proper to receive as he had
been pleased to inliuiate—he trusted H. ily- wnud in that
case grant him. leave to return to Colundio- And lu the
event of such leave not being granted him, he woud then
be under the necessity of returning^ niuthout bis Majestys
sanction*'.
About 8 o^clock this nighty as Mr. A. was about to
dispatch a letter to the King of Candia. iutimutiug his
Hnal resolution of departing, enumerating the various
and ^ucce&sive ortler of uiiueceSBary and frivolnus causes
brought forward to prolong his stay here to the present
lengthened period^ ut this critical moment o messenger
from our friend the ])e,'fSub acquainted Mr. A. that he
was on hie way to visit liiDi.
The strongest assurances were unw given that we
shoud Ihs seen the 20tb at night. But promiaea as
solemnly made, had been frequently' broken i and had it
not been ou account of him who was at preseot the
I nearer of them, and the mode io which he vouched for
their sincerity^ Mr. Andrews woud notp after what had
iTtlu
mh.
26
I9th.
JOCKNAL, H.A.S. (CEVI.ON). [Tol. XXVI.
alrea^i}" Lap|ieiied^ baTg run tlie risk of any further Insult.
It was agreed ou to reniain.
J this day walked out about 6 miles from our quarters
and took a very considerable circuit in my way home.
1 coud discover iiothiug deserviTig of |jatticiikr attention
— no retuains of anckiit buildings, or modern ones of niiy
importanue. The serene was in general however filled up
by objects more inimediutely iuterestiDK—a country
most faiicLfully disjjosed displaying a variety of lieatitys,
and presenting throiighnut the eft'ects of high cultivation
and the most jH^rseveriDg industry.
We were given to understand this momiug that his
Caudian Majesty had issued the incist peremptory Di-ders
to prevent the falling of any rain until Mr, Andrews
ahoud hnve performed Ids visit at Court— Xay —the
great King even extended his Imuntiful mandate to a few
day A beyoiiil such period, for our greater couvenJeiicc^
Whoever has visited (/audia will not find much
cause for surprise, or even disgust in this instance of
Kingly presuiuptiou : it is a natural enianatiou from a
mind tutored, and organised as must be that of it's
uiight}' Sovereign—^the suprM>sed priiiciple of nil power
and infallibility and the Heavens, willing, ns far as
de]>ended on them, to support this general faith, with-
held even tlieir gentlest showers.
This inr^rfcrcnce on the part of the King, was
attended with the happiest effects, which, to ue proved
eiiremely gnileful: for since mir arrival at Gominrawebt
scarcely a day had passi-d without min. The climate is
however very jileasiiut, and its temperaturep notwith¬
standing the impending, ami surrounding clouds, must
be the St longest promoter of henltli^
Second Intsnriew with the KLnl of G&ndm-
The usual intimation of his Mujcatyk pl€afUf‘€ was
given by a Couit Messenger, and our departure for
!So. 71.-1918-] jouE>.%L m \ TOUtt to 27
Cfiiidia ccjtnmeneej with the same attezidaiifs^ oa on a
iormer cceasion. We were this time exempted from a
variety of di^fti^eablea which the ceremony in cob se¬
quence of the letter had before subject^^t us to—our
march was simply lunrked by n uuiuber of li^hts^ and
pre<^eded by uci others than the frreot meu who had rbiue
ne olir escort»
Id the eourfle of tluB visits the inattention or
indifference of the Court of Canilia dii;played itself on
many occoalods, and wos no doubt intended for ^Lr.
Andrew's observationt who coiid not hut be forcibly
flh-ueh with itB dcTiation from the notice he had eit^ri-
enced, when firat in a public character here.
We arrived at the t-houllry about 8 o'clock,, and a'ere
detained there—until past 11. The Oudaimllch and some
other De&Bah^s then summoned onr attendance—^we were
conducted to the itreat Boj^ahali tree, ond there a^iin
detained until 13- At length the 2ftd Minister joined ns
and we proceeded to the l^ihice, iu front of which stou<t
the Prime Minister and a bum her of courtiers^ I'an^d as
fornierl}'. The delaj' here was un accounts hi y long; it
wasi nearly 1 o’clock b3’ the tiiae we were admilted. This
last ceremony was performed with the same ejsac'tbcss^
as already described—with the eai^ceptiob, that Mr- A-,
not having to advance to the foot of the Tbrrme in con¬
sequence of the letter—the prostrations at the last stage
Were obly 3 and made the whole amount to 15^ ouly^ in
lieu of 18j the former number.
The usual enquiries conceniing Mr. A.+ the treat-
meikt be experiencedp Ac., Ac., being mode^—the King
signified his pleasure that Mr. Andrews shnnd retiiTii to
Coliimbo, and condescended to say that he woud take
time to consider of the business with which he liad been
charged, and give his answer thereon, at n future period,
to the Ob verb brent of Madmss.
Mr. Abdrew's here again attempted in vain to obtain
28
JotjftxAL, (ceitijox), (Tol. XXVI,
A or positive on the subject of the Treaty;
The Suppergama Bei^uh interfered ae usual—represent¬
ing iu strong tenufl, but in a low tone of voiee, ike
impropriety of urging Linytliing, after tbe King had once
declared bis will. This brought on a eonTersakion^
tbrougli the luedLiiiu of the Interpreters, between Mr, A.
and the Oweb ond Suppergania Bejisahe—^Juringf which
the latter roso^ and passing to the right, withdrew along
that rangOi We very soon obserred the King to incline
Ilia bead towards Ins right downwards, whence the
Supperguma B. addressed him from behind the Throne.
He afterwards resumed bis place, soon after which the
King put ail end to any further hiiaiiiess by a few words
to tbe Prime Jlinister*
The Bessahs to tbe right and left iiinde 3 prostrations
—three passed into the ranges to the right and left^—and
two withdrew. The latter shortly alter returned with
the presenis the King hod ordered for the Amhossador
and his apendaiita,
A gcdd chain of curious^ but fliiiisy work, was first
put round Mr. A.'s neqk^ and a ring on tiis finger. The
same was done to iia, one after the other—-the articles
decLiuiiig In velue, as we appeared to them in conae<^uence
or rank. Next was brought and given to each a aalver,
eontaining a few articles—some of solid silver, and others
lead and iTOTi plated. Then a fiinall hale of cloth, con¬
sisting of some odd scraps—none fine, anti a few yards
of silk; both this, nnd the salver, we went through the
form of placing on our heads. The Interpreters were
then served. They received no chain, hut in other
respects, were treated nearly as we were, at least as to
the number of Articles. This over* we bowed twice for
the favors we had received, and the interpreters
prostrated theiuselvea three times.
Ilaving withdrawn, wisich was performed in the
usual mode, we had to wait some rime in the outward Hall
XO. 71.-1913.] OP A TOTTR TO CAXOfA,
for tke Priid.9 Mioierter and Supperj^tua B, who vr^re
with tbe King. They at last made tbeir appearance when
a diecourj^e perfectly of a piece with all we had bebeld
and experienced» eo&ued. The Suppergnma D. acted aa
interpreter to tbe Ifiuiaterp wbicb office lie nnnecessarily
arrogated to himself^ the Court ioterpreter being present.
Hjg behaviour 7 however, on this, as well os every other
Dccasiou, left no room to doubt tbe object he has all along
bad in view. Independent of a Line of bebavioaTf not
to be expressed^ he once or twice had the presumption to
give answers to Mr^ Andrews' questiona^ without deign¬
ing to consult the MiiiistBra^ who as well as every other
person here seemed to give way to this royal favorite;
and there is no doubt but his Enachinations (the grounds
of which are as manifest, as tbe causes that have impelled
him to action) have solely operated against the acceptauce
of tbe Treaty.
Tbe King granted the request of some of our inmple
who Were anxious to behold him. Tbe Suhabdatir,
jemqhdauiv and sergeant of the Troops^ with five
sen'ants, were adijiilted to the outward arcbwav lor a few
minutes.
Wonderfully imposing and unusual as tlie wliok
scene appeared on the night of our first visit^—on this
cxicasion it hud lost much of its effects^ The delusion
waa underAtoad—the mind wns prepared for it, and eon-
sequoutly not liable to impression a, the effects of a
combination of moat extraordinary causes, unforeseen and
unexpected. Besides this^tbe King in his deportmeot
neglected much of that decorum be W'^as so remark able
for on a former night. He very fi’equently moved—at
one f inie, as f have just said, inclined bis body to converse
udtb a person behind the Throne—and in other respects
he behax-ed in a manner by no means calculated to carry
on the Magic which seemed to pervade the whole asseiuhJy
the first time.
30
JOFRX.Oip R.A.S. ^CEYLON), \Ta\., XXVI,
Our return bcime wag marked witk the same
form as that described ud a like Dccasioa^ It was about
J after 5 when we scpanited from the persoua who formed
our escort^ lieartiij tired, of Court attendaiice; and
partieularl 3 ^ affeetcti that so much of toil nod patieuee
shoud hare been bi^atowed;^ without any part of the
desired or looked for object bein^ the result.
The Slid Minister Visited Mr. Andrews at 2 o^clock
by His Majesty's orders to formallY'' permit of our
departure. He attended our mareh for about 200 yards,
With a ouiuerous retiuuOj, which was the game he had
when he met Mr* Aiidrevrs here on his arrival.
Two miserable lookiDg Europeans waited on Mr.
Andrews this lunrniiig and solicited permission to return
to Cotumbo under his protection. They mentioned
being then 8 years inhabitants of Caudia. whither they
had fled from Trineomalee. They tharo found 16 other
Europeans, under like circumstances, the whole of whom
—themselves and 4 others eiccepted who made their
escape some months hefore^had fallen vlotima to want
and improper treatment.
The Wretched appeamnee of these poor men seemed
to attest the truth of their story, and Mr. A. felt much
inclined to give them every assistance in his power* He
coud not, however, openly ofiord them proleetiou, nnlesB
formally discharged by the King of Candia, having been
in his service, and so long supported by him. At the
moment of departure, this matter was mentioned to the
Minister, who did not think any objections vroud be
made to their returning with Mr, A.; he added that they
might proceed^—and should H. My* be displeased at such
measuj^p advice woud be sent thereof to Mr. A., who
ivoud then order them to be given up. TVe however had
the satisfaction to get them safe back at Colnmbo, with¬
out any other trouble than that they themselves gave,
from inability to walk*
JTo. 7L—1918.] JOF&NAI, OF A TOPIE TO SI
We porened the seme road in our way back we bad
oome^ and wbllai In Caudiaii Terriiory made the same
BUiges. Having reached Seetavalda we took leave of
three Tallonmaara that accompanied os tbna far by the
Kiog^s orders. Their principal btieiness bad been to see
that provisions and cooleys were provided for ns at the
different stations.
At Avisawelle, where begin the Companys districts
in this quarter, Mr. Andrews and Lt, CampbeU^ after
taking a little refreshment^ set out on horsEhack for
fkilnrabo, they arrived that nightH We here heard of
Mr. Atkinfion who had left na at Attapettee a few hours
after we got there. He bad to travel about 70 miles or
Upwards, whioh he completed tbs following night
between 8 and 9 o^clockj a great part on foot—the whole
of our horses being at Avisawelle.
- 1 reached Columbo the 36th the very day month I
had left it for Candia.
sirt.
appendix a, ( 1 .) iTiNEamiES—C olombo to Kanpy.
32 JOUaXAL, U.A.S. (cEVLOX). [VoL. XXVI.
.a|.3
^ I
■»» G u
C ^
^ pp ^
,i M .3
"S 3
if
£ I
a
Si
o d
g a
c
* c
4 4
;= C5
"i -fl
I
S: ^
s ^
i-
a §
£ t
< S
a -=
£ ^
: f:
£ a
»■ m
Eli
API’KNDIX A. (2.) ItlC^KKAlUlta — TltlNCoMALKR TO Kanoy.
33
Fybiu iLiahoi ll^ tliiLanixi he Lravelkcl ^0? milea, Mnyd ivckaiia hJa UL |73ikikil ^Vniirfiwe* jn^urnoy worka At Nl, Inil^
thci lOAHth at itHs difforent i« inaTuly gn«awflrk, ttitd « nft<ii3 pEuinly iiuiOCUfalie Itoyd wm Ukknii by a ]DJig mund trom
Ut CJatitiAruwA, in order «C«-niibly Uint ho intglii Approneh ^iidy ui if Jio wore coming (rom Coiombo ae ** il liaid
alwByi been bbo QliJbofti far aiDbuiaAdDTi Lc gp to Candy by way qf Cqion:ihq/^ (p.
34
JOITRITAL, H.A.S. (CK¥Ii03f). [VoL* XXVI>
APPENDIX B.
TfitiTArive P^aroEATioN of Kiso's Palace-
[Thu urtoWl fthow thfl dinHotiion la whipb Andrfti?* w*a LMun ]
L Women*^9 apartmenta, with mfreehment room at the
end the M41ig4wti [now the Old Paleee).
2. Alapatta Mai^tjapA (for the j^iiard).
a. QuadnmglOi
A. WikhiUkii4A- It i* Hhown in the pletniiQ of tUo |»iaoe hy
Lieqt. Lyttleton, wluak forme tb* frcmtispleQe to
Davy'a •Vlntanor of Ceylon."' It may have Htood a
little more forward titan m shown heri^
5. !l[aha |rijan^p4 (prasent Audienee Hall^.
(1+ Quadrangle,
Former Audietion HalL
B. The now V^^ahalkai^ inade by ^ri Wjkmma R4ja Bi^ha,
APPENDIX Access to Pal<i€e.
X TJ6— .
l7aa~FTllDJ.
mS-B&Tti.
17^—
ntfQ Am>iiewh
ISOO GmeqiJiL M^cipowaui
L %o
Bntand door of house
Outer gala with IB stopa
Outer gate
Outward Oateway
1
In front, dight of itone aiap#
3. Building xnth WMdflCL pii-
luti whcra gu&rd^ knpL
watch
Faued Sqddoor
Verandah (guards and idiiafi)
doaoanJed by anptbor
flight of ttopa into
a. ** Plat:? od*r Vorhor^ in
or which a :atonp
path Inadixig to
A square omiTt (3 olapKAiits
a4!Td hourea]
Largt court
^paciout equare
lrxt*^;4Jiir aCiilare lurTounded
hy huildinga
Large square iiirteonded hy
a high Wall
4.
Door
SSccaiid gateway
loLdbg door into body
of Falaoo
Al oppoaite ade, a largo
arthed gatoway leading
to
S. A by tiding. Very long and
talrlj broad. RoaEraatad
on doiible row of woodon
piLtan batwecQ which
were eaiiaon . Wont
through th^ au oul at
right and
fJttIc verandah IhTough ihil
into
SpaciouB innar ooim, partly
covered anil partly open
paved with slonfe
! Long gallery lr«y cfved ai far
ad cxtwmo feft
Hall of coiuidarablii fength
witli pitlami Tfoopt'
entniTbOe near right ex.^
tcomity
Proceeded to end
Inner court (reatdeMoaof King
and principal Dfficero). MaUy
and Malabar guards On
r%hl aide of iniHir court, open
arch (entrapeo oJ Hall of
audience)
*'Auf ainom PJatat^^
Anothar opoQ ranuadoh JS' by
£0' (|3 guuzdd) laadkDg
direoUy into
Open *paoo In ooxitro
(Open apaoo not mentianed )
At
:•! reached ati ofi«n apace
to right of which was
7> Alldjance Hall
Audienoo Hall ^ by
Facing Ic right appaftre ardi
with ourtaio OpOtiiiig
into long hall with
doublo row of pilfcare
Thming to right an arched
door with ourtiBin^ npen-
iug into Audienoe Hall
Htll et irdolior aire : double
raw of pidan AreHnay
ct.ith white eurtairw
Audionca Hall
Xo, 71 -—^ 1918 .] JOUHNAL OF A TOUH TO CANBO. 35
APPENDIX D.
Tofoobapky of Town of Kandy.
Stbeetb (Datea aro thoae whoa thma atmita mtu lootitioiiud in
&iJird of CoiiiJiii^isionerB^ OorroapoDdArkDeHi
1703* whioh. la ffom mi Ol* Dwd,}
1-^—Widlya (IS 18.)
2r —Boro^r^ Widiya flSlS.)
Kaik^ra Widiya (ISIS), (In a
of a lot of ^roimd KaikAm
Widiya La parallol to
S.^Kazabakanu Wftliya
4.—Kotu^od^ld VVidiya
WidJya nnd in joioed to it by
Wail^ntl Widiya).
5. —UdnDu wnfa Widiya of Fn1l4j;l£:^ntyH Widiya {lS2-t).
6. —Daakara* Widiya.
7+—liAjn of Hfstti Widiya (1793^ 1618).
S.^WaLkunti ^Vidiya (IS18, 1823J or K6mutti WIdJya (1B21) z
a Crosa Street toade by Laat kiu^ 4 of Q before th^i
EngfiMb camo to Kandy vide Board of f>>miniHflionorfl*
Cbireapdodencur Vol, 16, 1823, and flketob, tiide KaLkira
Widiya.
9.—Kaml^ WidLya.
10. —^vamna Kaly&na Wldiya (1813).
11. —Bidi Wi<iiya (1821}.
12. —Dajada or Ktirn^ruppd or Az^tawnka Wfdiya.
(Plan of 1830 qhowa a Lot of gtouod LKtwoen Da|ada
SVidiya and iho
Thoro 13 seme oonfnaien beln'i» 9 n this road and th&
KuinAnipp^^ n a&pu tre« near Fi|]aiy4r K6vU+ tbo
westom gravet; D‘OylyV Diary distizietly siiews that
Mnlalsar St. wHA Kundkruppt^ Widiye.)
l3>^MaM D^wAl^ Widiya (1818).
14.—AlQt Widi^ (IS 18k
(Tbote is still Alul WitlLya Ijy the loduistrlaj ^hooL.)
16.—Kadavrat* Widiya (1824 k
(Out^^ido Colombo Cate
or VV&dugodnpltiya Widiya^
Mont ion in 1824 of Bnlawltiya*' Widiya* perkap« the samo
ns No. 6 ante. {N.B .—-Bajoiwjla was Hampattu.)
Thk Pora GftAYETs aa Hat aba Wahalkada (irithia whioh
no ohtof ooaid beat tomdoinKk
a. Kori4 WalLalkad^
by Mililary Dtjetor's r^uarters (a. Capt. C'ltrwn^a
pie tare some iiay Kora Wahnlkada-F^toti Wahab
kada, taking KdrA to bo Kanthm. the bowl of watA^r
m whhieh tlio p4t^ fLoatod-
'Thare ia a vilLago Daikara in Uda Nnwara.
36
Joua^JAij (cbvijOJj). [Tot,. XXVI.
U Bi^andhlrA Wahnlknda
said to b® bfltween Walker’s aatl tb® Apothocariea’ Com
pany Sbara^p but probably Lo w®r do mi where KAtu,^
bo^infl.
Ndgaba W&hBlkada
itira to the Towa HoLip fr-oto Trlfmoiiiallo Street.
d- Ampi^ya Wnhalka^JIa
beyond the Tuimui Court at the hi^ad of tbo JUake-
IVS 3£:3 OR KiDAWATi
L M^khALy&wa tree at end of Triaeomiiio St.}
watohod by mm^ oF Holloliiw^ Mubnndimm Wa.wn^
if. B6gamlj&ra watebiid by rqeD of I>oicitfb&g6 M^ihtiniliroiu
WofeMiiu. Kuiii4mpp^ (Hapu n-f^r PiUaiyar K6vil: aiiKi
enllod Hapti4^a1iAg4wa K.fc«,Uwatay watched by jiion of
De|jalAta Mqhiyidimii:i W&oata. Wadu|'04^pi tiy^ WidlyA
KatjlawAtn— tfapu^fm^Awa Kadawata.
Katqkol^^
Ampi^lya (Diwiinim B6 treeb
III. Buif^Iikad^ (jak troo at jimotion of ^lebibar St, and
Lady Lon^dcn'd dri^'O}.
K&tukel#.
{KumAriipp^ ECadawatAp atmo^IL Kumampp^
Wjdiya*
Goanubiiwa ** Gatc^wf Bann^liira Wohalkatja, at wcqt
and ol town (io npolt in Board of narnm.iBs1aaerB'
CoTTOtiporiLdonca,
Fall&de.iiiy4i W^ifa wae oIho kiiawii og B-6|phiab&ra
Wqwu,
SiTEi^ or WalaWuas (According to Ratwatt^, BofriiAyiLke
N^OomA of the Mah4 D4w&l4
Walawwa of ^i^Kpola
,, Pdfuiia Talawvr^
Seotii' Kirk
Pavdion
,, MigaeLfcin6
Old Jail
ArawwAwida
JDiwa NilaiaS^b Jiou^
Rat watts
oppoHite Ddb^wS'tk
KApuwatl4
Kia^wood Sohon]
MidlSgama
St. AatlionyV Catliadral
Queen's Hotel
XtuUigoda
aiUlerV
J^h'^Spala^a loat Walawwa wda
on tlia Kite ql CarglliU' Store.
Govemment rmLud part of KapnwattA'a lioii^, I think in
Trin<9orMli« StrMt.
37
So. 71.—1918.] JoraN.4i of a tovm to ca.ndi.^.
[Extras frvm iU^i,]
APPEND! K K
I. DESCatt^lQN OF KaNUIT ASD OF R^CEPl’IO^ «F
Daniel Aorkbn* *^ E5Iba83t^
Altorn^kiJitef OftagfApbiioli-Und TopogTApluMlier
Von Afri^^b und Qfl-t-lndi«zi" by Hoydt,
Wilhurmsdorin. 17-14]
Tblfi iQven would bfl good ouou^h . . i i( ooJy tho buiUUngiJt
worts Drw?fced in ft iiiosru utatoLy fanhion - . . * Ont eftttoace
o^ct^nided right dovm the street ne one cotiiee fromtho direotioo
of Oumuior,' We llAd jiuizuied bt^youd ihre* side strotdA when
our whole o^tont earoe int<> view nod aa ^ar Rii I oould two it
etrelohed ^tlM liirtherf ^ , Tlie Httuebs are wide and jitraight
the whole town litfcf at the loot of a ftiountaiii, ho that we
always itad to luotmt up towards the palace of thn king^ and as
the etrnebi are not all paved bh L-i gencraUy iho Cftse in etuch
toxviLs vritli na* tlioy wuro often mightily tom from the violent
raiiiri whiah oft*?n fell and one wtiv in phu-es grcsit holcfl dqwn
into wliicti tlie ivntetr rOii. The groiiiid La very hiird and cisyoy,
mt^rd with HiiiaU Ptoa^ callt^ by the Dutcih eapok^t very
«4h<irp aad pointed, and th^se ruaka very liad walking on
aeronnl of tnair eharpiieaii. Hie InhahitentK make use of tliin
soil to huiUl their I'loascs: they smisar it pretty thickly p lay or
on laycf^ AiciiJ whiiu dry the housea are ptoof the rain«
Such a huusa survlvm & long time, and aa 1 have
alreafly said, they build them for thorivMeivwi, They are only
ono Htory hLgh and have small doorii, so that one iniu^t’ creeji
through them douhltHd up. The windows consist only of -small
holes which they lenve unbuilt in the walls- One among
the CingnLlew who livo in the diptrial of the Company hner and
better houses than La the royal t-dim of Ondy.
After -we hail passed the 4th of th^ side straetn which x-rere
all of the name size, as far as the top on the left tiand sidop to
the second strf.'Ct, wr* had then on our right some largo trees
and a nquare with hotisss| IrontLag to the strtKut round it.
We eontiaued qa our way until wo came to two Bagaboh^
surrounded l>y sqojira stones. where the Imperinl Adigar
or Aihgar met us and received the Dutch Amljassador, He led
ns between the two ahoTO-mentioni'd trees where wo discovered
* GaimArilWA
* AppsmcitLy the Imigth of the prope^ion 4 idArtinB the
smhoMy
t tabook
I bkieridlj Stratified houses.'^
I gaha
38
JOURNAL, H.A,S. {CEYLON). [VoL, XXVL
Bvv^r&I t.-SepliRiiti^ botw^Oen ^ be&utiful gardtiil and waU which
nm clown from Lho royal palace. They were placed there In a
rfi*w facing the town.
The j^^^clfiii wa-i nuirouiidedi everyw^orc with a beautifal
wliite-painted w&U.'* At the aide where we cainc m or towards
tluB towti, atO€Ki a long and quite low huUdiog^ ko far aa one
OOnJd aeo rroEn below.^ at thu foot of the |.>alaee ^tepa^.
The gardent waa filled with planta of every kind, but oae
i^onld not discover that it wa* laid out on any partieular plan-
There was al^io a round tempto to be seen in Lt. rapreecnting
their id«a ol a pagoda^ aa k their custom. But whetlior aa k
the ca^ at Ad^n'n Mountainp the aahos of a saint or of aome
arktocretic family remuin buried undi^r it^ I leave to aon^
lecture^ or whether the whole square wa^ dedicated to it 1
cannot say^ For the rest, many coconut and arcka-nut trees
Htood in tlik Hquare. All alon|^ the wall itaelif aad also at the
trees oa iho right^hsnd aide, which were i>eautifuily grown,
were posEed OH both sidm CingalcFiep holding in their right
haujLls tonahes^ and in tlieir left* in front of the foot, hmoee
aliout seven feet long. Aa eocli one awiing hk (tomhl round
eoatinualty* and a-^ our entrance took place at night, the many
eirclse by tlio continiml swingiu^^ g&vo a sort of impree-
siveness to ihc scene, and as it aeemed to mCp denotcid a
poeuliar qeruiponiou^ness ancl homage on tlio part of ttie people.
A Vo wijro then escorted to the ontrance of the palace, £
round which several elephants of most gigantic warn Btand-
ing. Amongsl the others wnn to b<i niocn the whito elephant so
much valued by thetUp which was Indisputahly the biggest of
them all- A very old Cingalese with a snow-white lioapd wa^
seated on thk one, and other Cingale^fe stood borom him with
their poinhnl Hpears turned towards his trunks so that he
could not movo. There wo Iwd to n»nain standing until the
otJTnTEuind; earns from the King that thn lEnpotia,l Adigar should
bring the aEulms^sdors forward, which soon happen^r Then the
lattor prBoontacl privahdy tho lottt^cB of the Company, on a
flilirer tray B|Mseially zniido for thotUr . . Tho pr^^sents wen*
all hronght up, oven ihe horses had tfl elimh up tlia stons stops,
which were about 19 in unTiiber* and wore brought before the
King. This entrance is provided in front with a beaiitlful thick
wi^ll tmilt of squared Atone, car\nE>tL On the other liand* the
rt-jst of tho buildings are constmoted merely of tho aamo kind of
earth as those in the town. After wa had peuwd through thk
entrance and a building in the interior resting on wooden
pillars In front of wiiieh* os I could ace, tho King's people kept
* It still sibsts, no longer paicLted, a decided improvemsat .
f The Natha DswaIs wsii built in this garden hy Karriianra
Si^hAp apparently after die visit of this embaBy, aa » tiot msfi-
Imued l^re- The dagoba eaid to ccntA.iti Buddha^s bowl (ho
M ahiwBCAaL whieh stands near ths ^^Lba DAwAlA, was built by
Wikrsma B4hu .
; TIm WhlMlkMia
No, 71,—^1918.] JQCSNAL OF A TOTJHl TO CaNDIA, 39
wAt^h^ w+? rAiAA on to a boautiful flquAro our in thu
iniilxlh df tfhidh wab a Htona wbk^i Idd from tho
oDtnuit^ to another buiLdlng.* Thia buildini^ wm very luag
and fairly widf'. Tho roof rrated on a doahlu raw of wooden
pillarsp juat aa with ua t>ama (or ahuda} an^ genorally buLft.
BetwoLiit these pillars stood l^utiftd gunSp alwut 4 to
feet long* iiiadti of nvitAl end reetiog on Jiniall aupporte^
Some of these they had taken from tlie some
they had received a^ presents from the Company. Thi^ docora-
tion conaialcd of nothing elai!! tikan some old tApeatTieap but the
empty apaeus were eovered with white oolyp and the
piJIarg or lour-oomered beams on which the roof roated. wore
also wrapped roimd with tliia last Wo went through thin
building and at the end of it out on the rightdiand aido : theru
we Riodd before another audiencef hall of a squafw ahape.
Thia was the place where the king nat on hia tlnoiie. , - -
The main IxNly of ns eotdd now Btm, close to the entrance
on tho left and next To the building throngh which the upper
pathway led»a nArraw yet long building markfid high up with
a large Hgixre 5r% It had in tho centre N pillars supporting the
roof. 'Iliia iH the plaro where the ambassadors with tlioir
following, that with their Accompanying Kiiropeana, Later-
pratom. InAcara and elavoSp are receii^d,
Tho floor of all these bnildinga is covered wiili clayey earth,
just AS some bam doors are made. In those daySp however,
when a Dutch ambaasiAdor arrived or any othor Dccaaion waa to
be eelobrAtedj tlso dqor was Mnieared over tliinly with cow-diing
whiah made it wry smooth, and when it wba dry, prwluced a
pleftHant HmalJ as of the herbs the aniriLal eats,
(Hero Ifeydt proceUKla to explain hia Aocompanytng
aki^tches.)
Further an thera La to ba scon ft small tower resting on
piles, which in viaible ffam without aa well an from within the
courtyard, On tho right in a long tall bmldingl ornanieniod
with every kind of dragon and trellis work painted in rod and
yellow and havdng an entranrai- To my inquiry wliat it waa
the interpreter told me tlmt it wan a pagoda in which BraJunina
eeefuded Theinselvee and conducted their prayers,
Kvarj* one of the buildings which I raw thereabouts waa
coveretl with coeon^it iraTvs or long grass, the latter is moro
cuHlorkiary tlaan tho fomior* One would more cii^iily niistuke
these buildings for bam a than for royal paJAcas. It Is a pity
^ E^quibly the Mahn W4te1n himh^ Mapdiip^ {see D'Oyly'i
DiAfj'i.
t LLtaraJIv plcaauTa hall,'" hut the Englkh lengua^ does aot
rMogikLu Huch an edillca, though it knows of a ^■plBamre-hQuiia/'
and of a bAuquetiug hall ■
t Evidently Heydt mietock the aymhol of the saemd ward
for the dgpira 5- There » Sotae iraiOinblanoe, et least to a liasty
dboeirvar,. nct-familL^ with thin ■ymbol,
S Tike DaEbdA MAHgAwa.
4U JOURNAL, R.-V,S. (CEVXON). [ToL. XXVI.
th&t tho aro bio ^Tilled and will not adniit that all
tkidp in the mtnr^ ol tbioi^p cnu.‘ 5 t in timo l>a ziiipODMHludp while
their king fears thal stnmgcrft may spy out the land. For this
ronmn the amhoriiJMlijrB ol thu Coin^>any were always rigonourily
taken bfi^;kwaT’dit and forwards by night, and tlm reset of tho
time wer^^ obliged to make tlieir halt at (Tananor, which wns a
rwiting place Imilt for tliukix^ situated two hours from Candy.
The omboai^dora were in thnae days occompimied on tii«
there imd back again by many court son^onta^
^ino years Ijefoixs un a Captain Snow« a Swodsj by birth,
who aerved inidur the Doin|iany, ^ma sent to tliia Ramo Court
and as ho was a very inquieltlvo meui, he took a sea-coinpasa
with him and fisted it abov'e in hLn Adniof or sofitm-chair ro that
lie could alwayu 000 wbieh din*etian they were travs'lJing in.
This is Aupposod to hat-e been dlacovored hy one of the King's
finrv&ntM on the ndum journey as the CoiiV|Any wan travetBing
the eoimtry. A very bod face was put on this for biiu, aa t
liave Iwr^n told, ami the Kmg of Candy would not have
re^Ttordiid hin curiosity in the kindtiat way if he liad ntill been in
his country and under his dominion. On account of it he was
aftoru'^ards sent to Batavia to mako iiie defence there- Wiicn I
eame to Batavia^ I myanlf aervtMi un-^ler this man. wha had then
Isecofnu a Captaln-^iajor, on the v*^.Ty l*a.Rtion uidoed on which
he Ijvei], It woR in my tinm too,^ after the death of hia wile^
who left him a conRiderable auiu of nioney^ tliat h^^ rotqmod to
the Fatherland.
Bo It iH Btrictly forbidden to uoilortako anythinft m thofw
parte I hut may appt>ar sunpleLoiis to the ChngaleMu^ [ havo
many times found drawings by attondantzi of the King of
Candy, Honiotiiitaa of the town itaelf In booikSp in which no
architectural Kphutiour won to I>e observed or any other articles
of vEklue portrayed, while in reality I have met with MOlliethmg'
entirely different (pp. SdB-D).
[Heydt, p. 275 -]
IL ■pEaf itlPTTOSf OF THE BeTUSUE OF THE DUTCTT
AMnASSAPon Oa>’tel Aorehs os tsc Joursey
TO Casdea is the Vfar 1736.
It is the liAiia! t-hini^ tliat on behalf of the Company an
omboBRy nhould be went yearly lo tin* King of Camdy with
presents, not only to renew the bond already exL^tiog ^tweon
them, but also to request from him whatovor to the
promotion of trado.
Sueh an embciBAy would be as fsw as passible Sited out with
every poRAjhle BtatelineHB and onieitt^ktlcmp and tlierofore would
bo dubbed by many ** the Colombo Kirmofi^^^ Ijocauae of the
many ceTienianiD!i and the great uproar it created. Although
41
NfK T1.~191S,] JOUHSAL OF A tOlTft TO CaNIHA.
onfii was jM'nt pff every year %o the Cuiupany the King pf
Candyp yet it did not approach this euiljaaey of the Coru|»ny'a
Ln fsiwd^
Aitliaugh liELder tho rule oJ Governor Vtm Diimljrurg^
■^edition had Bprimg op in tfio Inland of Ceylon . « nxany of the
tn^tlcontK^TttH in my foliowiii|j lied proimned to udlbdraiT from
it ^ » After Herr Giwtav Willteijn von [nihof Bti:ipj:ied into the
place of Von Diunbnrg Governor on hia dcatli, lie Have
ltijiLS<-lf every iiuoginLLble trouble to eet eftide tiio existin^^ dk-
Bgret uiGiib^ between the Company and the King of Cimdy and
to atiolirih them.
He H 4 jlwt€K] therefore Djmiel Agrmm tp go aa J^m'bikasadar to
Candea, to whom at that tune the Dizeavoiiay of the Coliiinlio
lliHtrietn WW 3 fnmisted, and who had atn-wly ooniioeted thnw
emba^ii^TH tiiere'. who, aa a man to wlioJii the peculiariliea and
natural kiclination:^ of the Cingidese were very ^rell known»
know how to ingratiate thffiu. and, AS hf- ly no moaos allowed
the prasimtrt for the dependt-ntfl of the Court of Candea which
were Jar the purpOHo of niding hfa oahao, to fall shorty hia
erabAwy had a di^irabk cndiiig- Aa ho occupied an im|iortaiit
po 3 t. I^mg the first administralor Of all Dutch apjK?intii]ent!i m
QolomljOp and as so imiiortant a Tnan had not iwn sent to that
oourt for many years, the equi[>a>ge and pieaentu of the Com'
pany had to ^ arranged in acuonlanos with his Atanding.
fin th« 9th S'qvciaber, 1736* was chosen for hia leaving
Coltimljo for Candea^ after the preaenm of the Compony liad
Ijuen parkcti up and n^ady for nocne tiitu'. I t m u^^ual in tlseiHi.H
Iriirtd to wrap up all the obesta and oittf.-s in which such offerings
are jwrked wLtli white Hnen and I hi* applieB evt'H to the carry ing
polEw. Of l>i^uliful elothcfl with which the mnliaBsadom aro
cxpecttKl to provide thcmsoh'os^ there i» no atuit^ AltboiigJi
thoso of the ComiJHny receive a considerable sum of moooy to
defray their personal gif la to the court at tern Ian to as ^vcll as
olber exp^msos coTiiiiolad with thcntF atilS this jh not nearly
enouRh to Enclude alT lliat tltey must pay out on ^\mh a journey.
So* after all hotl bi^u arranged for tiio very best, we net forth
from Colombo on tiu? 9 th of N'oveiiiber, a well-ordered
following, to the sound of druituii^ innEnpeEa^ tamloniara* and
otfcjor inwtmilliontfl and the thiiiider of gun», in snoh magni-
liconoe as if we were to api^i^-ar Ijefom tlu- King. There were
in the emliasHy many KnfOjjeans, namely the Afniiaismlor
liimiudC a ecoond .Amluisaador^ a Secretary and a Rook-ki.-eper,
Ioyself as Corporal with eight uoldierH miiier me nnd controller
over the AmhassAdor's luggage, lia^gagt' and an Etjuerry
over the tlirec homes for iho King whioh had magnificent
tra]>pinKts decorattnl vrilh aiUNT on thcra+ and one of which
wai shod with silver shoe^ i a aftilor who had i^harge of two
houmLs which had trome a nhort limn iTcforc from Persia and
which wern of an extraordinary alae and iliapo, rather like
* Dutch Tcmlwwhin^iic. diiDimitive of tamboehja^ tmaborioe
(bCC Vol X , p note]
42
^OCJl>ALj a.A.5. {ciE:VtO?f)p [VoL. XXVI,
English lUAStifi^ with bUck jowb and yellow coatia, iivara
baPiUtifuL (MUani and chaicu of ohaacd eilvor, Ono of thao^
liOiiods diod durmg tlio fir^fc night by raason of lilm and
I’atnents, having l>€<]oiiid too hoatad and osJiaasUKL Whan ira
roaoh^ tho Hr^t niaung plow in tha donntry of tbo King of
C&ndija^ tbroa tdmggy w&t^tr dogis, also wiAting silvor collars:
Olid ohaim woro put in his plaoo, aCtar wa liad ascertained
fro in the court qhlofa that they would be acqoptabJe lo the
Kiiig-
On® hour away fforn Colombo on thu Cmnd Pass and then
the last cntortainLasat wud givea to the Ajiibassodor and his
suite by Lha Governor, and after tlia usual ct^ramoEdtiB and the
completion of our final pre|i«rfltiona* wo set CMilTon out march
and tooched Hangwello on idio wma day^ Wo paasod the niglit
therui We ware hospitably rodalved by die Conimamlant the
who was on Ensign. Tho next day wu marched as far as
Uituaqnu imdsr eocort of two coruponics mt on Iho hmt day.
Sara ugain a splendid meal was prepared, and after partaking
of it we liadu farowoll to tlicso, ea ordered in the of tJia
CoEiipany^ and set out over the l>order^ which wu did at tliu
firing of! three times of the smell arnie of the two compoiilcs
above mantionod, nnsworing thom by our soiall forces Instead
of a note of tlienks, until we hod arrived right up to the
resting plooo of Citnaque whore from this tiiuc our daily
Huhsistonue would be obtained ffoni, the King of Candea.
.Intioqipating rhat tlie latter would not be arranged in
iiocordanciT with European notions^ we had provided oureelves
liberally with all kiuiils of neccasaries.
We stayed until the 27 th of November, and during this
time we Teoeived & daily visit from the great onen of the
Court who inquired after the welfare of the ainbaKyaders, os
also of the Governor ut Colombo# We runeived aTuong others
many presents of eatables. We tlien went on and come the
sanif) day to Huanelle.
On the 23th wo preceotlod once more on our journey and
reached Hittlmully, whore wu stayed tho nighty and came into
Cawollcampa on the 20th*
On thu 30 tl) we wuqt oXk Our way end reeohetl Atiputty,
which is a place where the amhaasadare gcncniUy must Uo
quiet for a time, which now for four teen days wai our fate, t
mu.it here ri’^enUect to mention that we marched away from
Oituaqoe with 22 elophante, which went out at the same hour
^vary mornings and so os we uutored a holtLcig pUme they
stood ofl if on parade in a row along whioh we hod had to
paaB.k These were decora hid with diiferbiit little bells, wlilch
Ofl they wont along lujada a harmony os if oou liad I^Us
playing a tnnn^ They ramoined with ua np to the lost halt¬
ing place. The remainder of the SiXp^MJltion wam arranged as
f have described hare, and as 1 suiruyed it frorn a gCKnl
distance in lanny different pLaoeSk and it waa in this tnnnncr?—
(l)cama tlio elephants and afterwards roilowe<l at once
(2) the ambassadors^ baggage together with ourM^ tben (3)
43
Xo, 71. —i9l8,J JOFUNAL. OY A TOUH CAXDIA.
bftiLte 30 Aod odd iu£iii witli flpriDg^ LiADdD, whkKi nm wL^apoiia
ducK a4 thcHio with which wc chop dbpp^l, and wLucb uvi»ry
tirn« wa L‘qt4;rvU ^ haltCPR plftL-^ lay m. a rqw oQ fork^, and W«rnJ
duscliargt^d la amsh good order tiu&tr L vras quito lutgimded.
(4) Xext cuEue a gcM^y number witfi and onoLher with
bowH auci ajTdwM, anti atiil Hpqitior wLlEi pick.^^ After tiieeo
folLoiiTHil (6) tlio lamJtDLkpna,. the drutuiiierBp tnuuptJtorEi and
other BiiniiJar wiad-Ln^tmeueut playore, amoDg whoiit one bluw u
curn^d hqm wliiqh vcAu about two olid loOg.
Tiiifl niuaic Isa tod wJlliout ceoumg throughout the ontira
march and mode a pitiable aoiiio. Behind th^ise oaiiie tG} the
Leileru or pupofti oE the Com^riiny which wore aLaaiJily escorted
under a canopy by (men of) four raoea, the let Lera thcimadvee
Iwing carried by a patrictiaii oE tliuir people, bearing them on a.
Miiver tray ou hL> liead. From firat to lo^t titure were eo many
of tiieiu diat they could not bcE each otlier free when necofteary,
fa front and iiehind they wvsv eov^^red by our militia, oaiong^it
whom many little Htaudardii were to be j^een carried by the
King'a pi-ople Then came the imperial archerfl and hoihc of
our Jojicure. Ktest the AmbaKuodorap carried in their
which ill every cortu were e»norted by our lascara end the
imperial aoldierfl armed with pikee, and behind whom EuUowed
the giftH uE the Com^?aiiy to tlie King At Caiidea+ Ib-^idea each
of Iheee divkiona ruarched Home of tlie King^n cocirt chiehi, to
keep <! very tiling in good ordorp and a party of die royal hou-sc-
hold brought up the- roar. Here I rnurit note that nearly L,5O0
coolie^ or carriers were employed for the cGnvt^yauae nf tliL*
pruaentj? mad other baggage, from which onu can easily form an
idea what this provaaaion must hare Ikm^ii in length ami yot T
have not included in it the aimvc-mentLqued trn>Ets which woiPt'
no fewer In number. On the lanreh very few IiuILk called,
and wo had to go through wfiter and marsh just oh it came,
even if it had h&m r&iniug cats and dogs (/feU^part^n),
a*i\ tlie saying is. We aften, both on the outward
and ho?upward journey, met with tauoh heavy rain that nut a
dry thread wsh tO bo foLuid on luc. Tlie Imperial chief courtlcni,
howi^vi^r high their rank, may nov«»r allow Lhetmtclvua to be
carried, hut must always go ou foot and tlmt barefooL, becainic
they are in no case pcruii t ted to be oarrieHi p tliat being the'
prorogslive of the King, Convcyanciwi arc rare or [mknown in
those pnrm on account of the Idgh mountains to be foimd all
avor this Island 03Cir!epting on the sea-coast, Ceriauily this won
a welbbi?hni'cd proceeHion wlicn one odds tq it all the music
Ijotwwn the high mountains and deep volleys, and wry worthy
to Ijtobohh Thh order wua msmUiinqd throughout the mareh-
AU halting places in awry part were decorated with i^hibt?
ILnen^ the b^^-steods were finished wiUi thin ^niycfn • only,
liotmdi together. Thu amliaasodorH however Iwi their hold-
l^s and chalra with them, and our men al«o bad to bring
their bed-arrangemenbi.
* J do not knew tlrt signideatica ol thii wc^d-
44
3'OFBy.tL^ (i.A.s. (cEVLOx), [Vot,* XXVI,
At Atipiltty vm lAjr qiliet mi til lUh of Deeomb^r^ amd
X^wa. dt laat wis rw^ived coiurnMid to dtart u^fiin. oali^ on
this fisnio day to Walvftgmt#/ whiTO wo halttnl for tlio night,
and on tho nuit day* thia l5thi wft r^ac^hml tlit^ lost. halUn^ plaoo.
Canatior.f which lica livo liours aa-uy from Csndea, After we
had lain quiet tht^re until the 24th p the ainlituiaadDnj received
oomtnand to ap|>L*ar at court and to hand over the papena of iho
Company. During thia titne tho lorgiir uuiuber of the pt'cipltj
under iny pare were sick, and 1 myi^eli yeiz^ with a fever of
Huch a degreo that on the third day I could uo lons^er walk
from wflakneaap neverthelees I hati in two daye by tho help of
a certain rt-inedy gi\™ nio by a Cingalese. so far recovered
that 1 not* only fo^m^i luyatilf able on the appolnbetl clay fcO’
accompany the otimra to Candoap but also sliortly aftorwarda to
join in the homeward march, whieh in fact enHuod on tlie Slstp
after the amb&B 4 tfidors had had their sai^ond amlitnoo and had
negotiat'jd with the King on the 30 ih Decaniber. . .
[//ejfdf, p. 575.]
III. EeCJS^IOX of THK AM^tA^S^^^IU01tS BIT TETE FlltST
AdKpAh
'* and All That Happanod on This Oceasiotk. Evcr^'tliing
da«:ribed From lifo./^
^ « As we came up into the town, which fiMWi hdl ujw-n
idllfc not far from tliotse two enclosed Bogfikn. treoa . . the royai
Adlgar came towards tis^ as the Fimt aSLaister of the court* to
welcome tho Amliomadiom, He had permmion. as a sp^ial
dhtinetion* io hdug switehera with him, that is. Hiac or eight
Cingalese marehed in front ef hinip placed, wide apart from each
other, ijiAoU of them had a long whip with a short handle in his
liandp Hiich aS p with us» shepherds use for driving their fiocka.
These lh»y cracked os hard as thvy ct^tddp ormik afti>r crock, os
if EunAll pistols we™ liciog let oS. This among thr ui denolcH
great rank on the part of the pereonage so <hiiting^iiHhH'dp and
goes on HO long as he is on the tnorchp or wherever he may
decide to go. 1 proved the truth of thiw iiiviwlf after a time.
becHUAe when wc returned to Cananorp he luid to wicompany us
by royal command^ and now during the whole of the tinto
whfle we werw on our way to the halting pLoco* the switchera
never cracking and wldppingp and ho long na we could
hear him retiiroing after hi^ had taken leave of the
Amhaasadors* it wunt on caotiniially, natwilhi&tandiiig tliat,
barring his own retaEnarn, ho was alone.
• WnJgrtwn’Agoda. See iioto to AndrewT?^ Jotitlial of I79fi. FL.A 3.
C,B. Joumah Vol- XXVJ., Xo> 70, page 1^7.
^ Gaao6niwn
No. Ti.—1918 J JOUflXAL OF X TOITH TO C.ODIA.
43
Tiii-s Ctaking of whipH on Uio aqoAra ^rfiero h& (irut nHH^ived
ua ^audL^d noi: merely amo^oinoot on tbo part of thosw who
liad neither booq nor hoard anyt^iiog^ Hko it buforo, hut mnd*
the homea lo tbo laat oxtreiiUty%
I h&vo already m^-ntjoued that among othaf preBontfi for
the KjDg^ we itad threo homes with ud, of which one lied
ronviiniHl behind at (Jananor on aocotmt of a bed foot which
it liad ipt through sILding down Over the sharp atones on, a
mountain oe w* tmvullecl, but the two othera were very niagnh
Scoot, fldth beautiftii cloth-a, resembling thoae worn by horses
at funerals with na. One was of cloth of silverp and tfie otii&r
of blue velvet, and tliey hung down to the grotimJ.
AlEhough those hor»Ofi were not very big, tJiey were very
wild, bpcauso of the training tlioy hid had* and wh^n they
heard tlio violent sinking of the wliips, having perha|M
mlvm also hod occaMion to fEsed them durk^ the courge of thoir
training, they began through fright to jump olout ho much that
they eotild only with great difficulty be held by the black boya
who were leading theiu* and at last they grew «o frfjnzied ihat
they got their hoofs in the long oloths, and tone and potmded
thn^se do thoroughly that hardly anything of them wtki loft
whole.
But through all this, though there was tlie greatest danger
to the boys who led the horsas, ao iatcriQUU^ion of the whip¬
cracking was fd^miittod, but e^ch one had to crock aa hard oh
ho could, and one of them, prdljably not int^^utionally, raught
me on the calf^ no that next day I bad a jwuiukg^ like a linger
on it which cbuemhI me grrat pain.
With thofift corexnonies then the royal Adigur ancompaaied
our w^ort for a good way out of tlio town before he turned
Ijoek^ and they are so sell-willed that they would certainly not
forego any of the honours on the way* At Huch an intorvlowp
botwtMm u chief Courtier and ambassadors^ they Imvu a cuatom
Ql spraying each other with rose-water, wliich woe in round
vessels made of silver with bag oeoks and small holes at the
toph just our watering cans have, and which are spoctally
made for the pur[>asc^ Hiis happened again oa wo took our
leave.
But tho untertaininpnti which they Bori'vd to each other
ooQfiiistod of fjotel leaves tog^i-tliE^r witli I^nangk or nrrack,*
eardamoms and Oember, and Jit tie brown cakes of diHcrent
khods which were aming<?d on a frilver laK^er* aa<l alter inquiries
firf to Oar gencri] wi^lfsiro^ ashort convorastion was huld+ which
was very tedious because it had to Iai oontfoually inu^rpreted-
But here we will stop and next describe the banquet with
wliicli we were then sU re^ed.
* AnAcs nut
40
JOCltNALj R.A.S, (CKVIA)N)+ [VoL. XXVI.
ilti/dt, pp. 37if-5.
IV. Tmk AirpiESCE Give>' by thk Kisp to the
. . . cm the ifhol® jourjioy fmui Colanibo to CHatl€4 I did
not Bw one apartment so splendid thEa Audience
Chnmbcr^ nltbuiigh oo very nor ersttnordmary deeurataons
m?re to be ict^a In it. , - nt the end of it sat the Kio^ on e
chair aliout two or three eteps high which the Comijony imd
to him among other gifts and which wea imuJu to serve as n
tltrooe. Whether it lied n e&nopy or not I caanot positively
say^ becniyce the Mhortnoas of the time alleged did not permit
me to qljtsefvo everything partimUrijp hut titia 1 did remark^
that ta|jcstTief!i embTojcleTc^ with ligurea were suspended over itt
whieh appeared also to Liavo bc^-n a gift from tin? Qoiii|>aoy.
His costimie was in form no €hll<*rent friHu tliat of ah the
others, excepting that ho ivoro a t>lack collar* round Eiii'i ncN^k,
like what our fuinale^it wear, only that it did not hung doivn so
far in front. This sparkled Koznawhat anil was proljaljly worth
a gTEiat Htim of moiuy^ on occoont of tlie gems set in it. For
the rest, he hod on a kind of short shirt (Baytgcm) which cam,
down to hhi navel r . On hia head ba had a red cap of Hcarlfcrte,
embroidh^red a little with gold and having a round brim. Thi^
Bttt very amall on hia head, as is to ba seen everywhere beref
The rest of his body ivaa wrappiid romid widi a truantity of
lincn^ jrist in the minie way as other Cingaiosa^ as already
dosoribed. t£o and the higha^t pamonagoB pf hia etato alone
wore i^d raps, those of lesser rank had theiTS made of white
linen, but of exaclly the same shapes The King on thhi occa¬
sion sat v'ery BolBmply in his ohalr^ the Lini'H lie hod round Jiim
being fastened together with a white belt, and as he waa already
somewhat in yoars^ and had a thick, ccal-bloak^ cnrllDg beard
hanging down over hia chesty this gaA*^ him a noticeabla
appearance. The anna and hands were nnkiKlI and al»a the
feett neithor shoes nor iJipporH eoijld I percoive on th^^tn. FCts
colour wa** likw that of the othom, only a litths darker brown i
like the Molaljars who are very hlack. Ha liad a alaff in one
hand which moat llkaly repreac^nteil a sceptre, and in tl:tu othor
a while liandkorchlef. When he gives the Diiteb nmljasBadars
an aiidicpce, they miiflt appear bofore him km.s>liDg—the usual
cuslom here- They then JioM the papers on their heacLs^ and
th^^fto ho takes ofT hirrv^df and piitei on a small table at hie left
IuukU but 1 mn told lie did not do this to the Rtiibassfidor
"Do nToeog who waa sent to him hy the Company a year before
we cams, because lie was by birth a native although he had a
Furopean father^
* SiJih.
t Sinh, fispo^iyn.)
47
Xu. Ti.—lyiS.J JOFEXAL oy A ‘mvn to
Witli tha JtiJt imtid in the tiioat c&reiiiioniouB^ and
they are bo partieulAr aljout it tiiAt thi^y wiU not entdly gira it
to u Fktmnipur,* But there h nothing ptMSuliar about tins tight
one. Far thin roation too* «tand on their rights except the
body'^gujAidp which for iho tnoBi p&tL tuu^Lt jitand in eiuintiaaca
*n thiii Bide. AU who the King tuuBt bind their
QioiithB and noaca niih a blook l>ncid of a hand'a widlk 4 .t bo
that no foul breatli riia^' reach hltn ; even thoBe who caoy liie
ricti through the htreot'i and who pre^^arv the food before hini
mmiit do the aaiuo, end m iJie upe^n etroetK no one must
approu^di witliin ec»veral of the latter^ even thoiig^i the
rice IB Biill raw and ujicooked, Witliiu tlm (3haiiil>er Bto^ two
ro^iTH of plUara or rat hi r four-conii*n?d boa^IlB^ wound round wit h
while Wtwn* Kuppqrting the roof. Between llitao aat archera
holding bowa and arroiwa in their handH^ and clo^o to tiieiii end
on tixtj wall bnliind (the further n-ail) wore very bad Jarup-
holdera uiatie of earthy ju_Ht in the way 7Mrn'd'>fw; are mndo
witli ue» and on t1u»^ ^^tood BiiiaJJ lamp^ m^u of day o^d fillod
wiUi oiIk whioh iiad to light up tlui whole chain‘fhe root
of tluB hall I or rather lianUp wub covered with white linen
in-Htead of pktxirefl or etucco work,^ and alBo tho two walla
bokliid the pillar whtm^ver tJsey werr^ not onuiruentotl tvilh
ta|»eBtTy^ The door ob in the otliar rngwiuH woh paved with
day—BiuOfLred with cowdung-
Wlion wo had tho Kocond audience with the King, the
royal Adigar liad to introduce m to him, iio that ho (iind wo
might see hIB great glory. VV^e liad on acorlot Rjothi^, tricked
out with goldt and on our headB hiLta with wide gold lace^ ali of
which oven down to iho eq«t of iiiAking them, were given ub
by the Company.
Wa Htood outalde ilio chambor in a row. The royal
Adigar Bt<^ bet wee i ub m the iniddlt% and Miiil that when tho
third curtain in tlm liall wxs drawn Ijnck [one litmg clpMt to us,
one in the iniddle of the ehainlHtr^ and one not far from the
Kingh mu-ti all fFill down on our knet^, which wo t\UL Ah
soon an the tliiird curtain wa-* pulled hank, the re^^al Adigar,
no?c;t to whom 1 had placed myself^ tlmiw tiiuLnelf on the ground
BO violently that I thought ho would drive hu hifiui into it. TTo
raiitfid hliTiAelf again tt little, kneeling, with uplifted hands, and
again fell down. Thiri iiappon^.id throe timi.^> and each time he
oath.^ out in thoir own tongue Long liw the King^'' Tho
lEist tim"* ho added ihat we wen^ tho SpE^-H of the ambiia^rlors
[thia ie what they eall the escort of an amliawador)* and bo
reinatned on hi^ knees.
After the King hod looked at uh a short rim®, and wb at
hitii, Iw beckoned with the handkei^hief. Ka^dng In hw own
’ Hey tit has here got hold of live wrwigend of th^ Btiek. ITiej*
are reasoUB why tlB> left hoxiil IB withhold, hut It il nel becauw." it is
tuore ccTc iiioaioui than tho H|^lit, but tho rovcoie.
\ g ImvitAa Utv^n ^n4tnakrd.1
^ Creasola^
iS
JOURNAL, (cEVLON). [ToL. XXVI*
lADguAg^ tliftt wrr-re to Iw givt^n oa. After tEnut the
eortaiiiit drawn egfrin Berorts* but wo had to n^niaiD
on our kiii^ until the pri^eabt wbich were lying boaido ob
ready to be given ^ were diotrtbutod to eanh oqo aa ho oaino next
in rank, Soiiio of the multitude liad bad to reninin behind*
Iwauaa they wsre not fitted to oonid In nnd th«fio received tlioir
gif la jiiat AS i! they had been really present. The gifta wore put
upon Our hoJida and ho we went* after complimeiitiiry thenkap
through tliu alui^ve-inent toned pleHstiro-cliomber, whuru the guns
htood* back into the courtyard- Wo wore flooa brought into
that same long building, next to the entrance to the court and
there rega1i‘d aa abatl prosentiy be told.
[f/cyeff, rp. 2rS-&.}
V. Dkschiptios of the Banquet.
After we had received our pnriaenta* ae related above* wo
were all TtL-aHlod, but b^doro 1 talk pf tl^at , I iiiudt first say wliat
they oorepiaUal oL Tho Ajiiliassador reeoivfid! a tame dopliant*
a Cingalee<^ axu (Hword) with a gilded hilt and a scabb 4 ird
ontiroly of aih-or^ with a broad ribbon attuchod to it* wlueh
they at ouco plaeod over hia right shoulder* so tliat tho blade
hunt; dpivn under hia left anu, and tbiif bo was obLigod to wear^
after handing aver hla ow^n nword to tho alavos. They furthor
received a liow‘-an<l airoiv Quit^or, two beautiriil big gold rings
with numy good thqugl'k un|K>liehod Ktouos aot in them* aa Ih
their curitoiiL^ thn^ different piacoa of silk and Hno liaou, Rome
eomliis matle of ivory with artiatie carved figures on there which
tbi^ir women bi t hi'ir hair i a lit tie ttholL'^likD box *
boautifuUy workixJ in silver aueb as they always carry thoir
betehehaw in, end other little oddn and ui.iln such as kniveRi
Pynanghf pLneors and such like* *11 very dvlksattdy constri;tat4'd,
Tho 8<™od Ainlimwador recoivod aomowbat bissi, as also the_
Socrutary and the Bookkeoper, Tpr niysrlf 1 roceivod Rome
pieces of linen, a pieoo of ailk Ktuff, a Imife and a penholder
beantifnlly inlaid with ail vor* a flunaug;|; or HlteU-lMtx: the
qthors received still less again down to the sla^tts, who fuich
rccelvcKi at Uviet a doth such aa they usually wear*
Ah soon an wo bad rccoivod all tliCHD tbings* w'o were led in
ro tho now often moutioned long butlding, where a eojtt wah
arranged for tiio Ambassador* his Secretary and Bookkia'per,
right up ai the top end of tha baU. Tho seat ^rAn ah long as
the width of the buildingH. about ono foot high off the ground,
and covered with stuffc^d mats made of straw on which thc^y
sank down- On the right aido^ down tho length of the wall,
lay other HtnAll mate, on which wo seated ourselveSi But tlwkso
lay on the 1>are ground. On the other sbia the ^fondeliar or
Sinh. kHfdir, box for DhunkiTL.
t FitUmg-nut =-*rekA-piit.
I Chunam.
Xo, 71.— 191S.] JOUR'S At OF .1 TOCE TO C^^DIA
49
First Itit^rprat^>r^ tlie ^lahfiDiiimp Amdgt^ imd Lascars or
fioldiors and all tli^ir aitendaiits had their i^ia* jxuit as o\mi aat
with q^.
As Boon aa evory onia ^kad taken hid seat, oni* of tJie King'a
ttofvanta oamo with a big haAkot in whioh lay many l^ysang
leavi^ cut In ta pieona. Ho then began t* dividti thciw up and
to give BvorybcKly a hiuidrul, which wo put down npon our
mat boAido ua. Thon oaina another with a ULsketfuJ of baked
cakes of which ha two or three itandrids first lo the
Aml>ik££adorHr S^^cretery and Uookkm-p<w and tlien to everyIxjdy
oLsa in descf'iidiEig scale of rank.
Ho waa followed by a tliird, who Jxajided round anodioir
kiod of bakeiy, called by the Portngu-Lfse Each of the
dlstributioru was niado by two servantA, on..^ gkviny to tho
KuropBAfts and the otl^er to the CingaJetw anirong the Ain 1 > 0 AAa^
dom' Huile. Wlkcn ie^nerol dist-rlbutioiCkA had been made, overy-
0116 + according to eqstonir took one of tiiese cut-np piueca from
the leavL^ mentioned above^ oia which he had loft the food
iyfog and aal hjmjself down on the Ooor which had to do duty
as labk ikiid chair.
Tlime courses went on pretty olten^pepper-ball^, eugar,
PymkngdnjitB and bo on: Vjut everything wqa cohL After
at'wrEd couTsea of this kind had been handiKi rounds a IxHaaLifid
blaak drinking veBBol, very deheately iiiadB+ wan placfKl before
the AmbafiAadoti JUled with freob water inAtead of good wine*
and this hapfM>'iied also to tfia ScMzood AmbaeAadpr, the
Secretaryp Btmkkeopor, my«elf, the Mudliar^ Mahanrum, and
the Captain of tho Ciagaloso in tho AmhagAador^s tram. The
other EuropeaiOA howev^nr liod to oharv the vbabbIa,, two by two,
and tlia bIuvbs were given drinking cups of coiatnoa iriat4>riaL
Tlieiio %'etuiek wLieh the Dutch bavn namEMi (7tir^4'ifrrA,* becAtiAo
thny Imve underneatb a titlek tonod bulge or lielly, and in-’^ide
at the neck many little holes through which the water ninB+
niaking a gurgling all the tin^e, are esoeedingly voinslile at
Dolqmiio, beeaujHO they Jiave not the nect^sary day there to
make them with, and none La brought outAidu the domi^itts of
the King of Candaa to Iw rfold. Wo took iJiose sway with us,
and the AtabaAAadorB i^.'ceived several othurs of did'orent kindo
OA gifta^ it Ijeing well known to them that tliesa would \io kopt
with great oarei and would proKcntetl as vehtable proscntii to
their good rri^r^ndu wlien they got Ijoek to Colombo.
1 liave written enough about the houAehcld arrangementHi
of the CingalesB, end wOl only add that while it m the custom
in thf^ partA+ because of tlie great heat, for high and low
alike often to drink fresh water, it taHtea mnob better and
fresher out of theao it^Kek then out of any Dthers. The water
ia &o fresh in tliem as to bo a Aubjeot for wonder, and os it ia
not bo in nnv other veoBcls. it muAt Vhc due to tlm day of which
^ He ahoald have said " the rortu^cBs.'' TIjb worii for a
goglot cj)B<l m Siriheieaa is ^urul4ituita^ whjcli b fro?ik
thfk PoiiUfpieBB to gus}\ out).
.10
U«A.S. (CEV1,0?^), [VOL. XX VT.
tilpy uru mfldci. Eve^r^^bcrfly tit>w liad 4Ti caiviidt^niblu iiiiAnrity
df linked Hti^er utid, fruits lyln^ bi'forts hijiL, wtjrt*
in,*! truei imi that we were to make not merely n show of e*! mg,
but aIho of fully approeintiit^ what wo w’om eatmili ^ I hut there
ahould be no imnoynuce eaused to tha royal eervJinU tliraugh
their uotii^itiy: that wo did not coniimu' the food* oh might
happi^ii partly owinj; to tlie oond-tant laughter %Thich we hod to
give way to Kriiong ooreelx'o^ at the oitraordinary eoyt of
fiOfiipitality iihown, and jnrtly to a poor appetite for their dh>.he9.
In titnt case, thej*^ iidglifc \^ry Lilwly pa.'i.s tHintenco upi'in
wliDtliE^r the fact wad na they Huppoded or no. Wo iitighi
thereby very eajsily Jiave ioegrred many venattoCMip aie^i this
eaeh one of tie IumI to oooaider. seeing thut they tidght aaaily for
tlia Hligliteat reason (ind a protect for not allotting u^ to leave
their country for many u ioiijg day. This was wliat happened
to that De Jo^iPig who was AmljHasadar tlieto the yar l^-dore
us* and who was kept for sev. n months in CawoHiiampa,^
the firflt halting place below C^nanor+ people wert? pro-
lubly not a Little delighted vrhvn he r^Kseived permisHion to go
l>aek to Colombo^ The mhiili thing might hapi>En to us, verily
for the Hlighteet oversight, since lawidea tliAt the whole eountry
between Colombo and thhi pli^ee was tilled with re^itlcHs herds»
an even grtMifor misadventuro might befall iiA. The CingaleFHs
at tliat tjjoe already to eome extent threatened ns that whim
we came to their King^a Conntry* or to Cananor, vsv would idl
Iw hiiiignd or thrown in front of the dephanta* which threats I
myaelf hc^rd on differoni oacoaions. Wo therefore*
because we saw ourat'lvtw prisoners as it wer^s Iwhaved in
conformity with the instructions given ns by our First
Interpreter, who hml been often to tliis Court! and was an
old, grey-haired, ami* dt'Spite bis bla^jk skin, faithful servant of
the Company. So long as w-* fttayi'd at that place we w«.-ro
allow'KHi to send a iiicwHung>^r wovkiy to Colombo, so tliat we
rd^eived liack occurivto infonuation of all tlmt hapfjencHl there,
with newly leaked bread, on each oecasifjn. Such a conecasion
was not however gratitod to fleer Do Joi-ng, as Iniig os he lay
at the above^inentionod halting plotie^ was allowt.Nl to
write nellher to the Go^'emornor to other good fricntls, no. not
even to his own wife,, who thereupon got ho despondi-nt atrout
Lt that she promised the messenger who should hr mg her the
first letter from her hmslsiild* a feo of Hevt'ra] pagodas, a
pmcniiH^ which fixrthunuom aho actually fid filled. Ho himself
on tills account fell into a slate of vision toon^tcmatlan, bocauj^
he wua no longs"? Kiififeiently Huppllr^d with pfovisionH, but the
* L'rebably Evebellagaharu ppe at Ratukivalo in MdmidAwejA*
bctwHiBk Pedikawala aiid BaltMia L'awehcaTvpa^"" an pag<i -12,
lay betwM^a H»^t|unulla and AGilpipya. and is an eirer* perhaps for
Doinl^gnliaruppu^, which ia on tlw other side of the !Malia By a*
i.e., towanls ifeltimulla.—H.W .C,).
^ Heydi olaewliere Btutes that lliW was liiii twfiaty-finkirtif
jaaraDT te the Court of [Candy *; p. 1.
51
> U, 71,—lyiS.] JOUE^A^ l}^ A TOUtI TO CANDIA.
on tho eoutmry wiire ourtAilod^ wkibt kk own had Iw'H
alz^fidy oonsumt^ tml no fr^ln mjpplioB could he obtaiooil Jjfofo
Colunibo OH Jio wiu Dot aLlovr^d to ^nd any uiotu miDiiiomca-
tionji thhhor. Tlioui^h he perflint*Ki m lik ond-eavoura to i^et tho
King to tsanotioD suidi b ct]rrc>H[XiELdoiioe, he irari not given,
u It waa jiiat the aanie when ho deniEindod an audience
and hk dkiniaBal, and tbu plo^u wlietu ho loy with hk nva
a horriblo wildurtijtH3H wli4»r«9 the eoorpEoiti, s^antip^dL^a end
Hitakes fta woU os tho groat HpiderH lott them no peace, end
flirt hf«niiopo owing to the noiii^hniont which they derivuii Jfom
the men, cuntinuaily increawod naore and niert^ ao that ea one
and all averred^ ovary day IxH^aDiO to tliom like a week anti
everj'' wwk a year+ All thoBe voxatioii:^ tlilngja wori^ eh?! bofoiro
ori in * pretty livttly fof^hion hy our old luiurptoter, an much bo
that each one willingly Itvod Bccordiiig to lik instructioiu, not
only iljo Env'oy , who liIo:‘wiBO did hk best ho to adnioniKli hj
that he tuigiit Bullfer no vesation on oiir Eiccount, but all llie
reat ol usi toOp. made it our caro to eat end drink what woEild
i^rteinly havo tanted well to us If it liad been in tho Icaet bit
good. Ouli or othor of the royal sorvania Domo Invariably and
odked in their Language how it touted. Thereupon, we gavo
tliF^ni to underBiantl that it waa very gecHL but in our hE^arM
wD l^L'w it waa a lie. They anktil ns further wbi^tlier we
want^^l mere and &o lortb, Aa there were enough attendanta
thtFro, nml aH wo could gather from tlieir clotiiing, they wb^fo
a imply Court grandees who liad thus questioned us. Our
fntorprtder loo eonhrnii'd thk. As soon a>i we thought we liad
fiat long enough (for it coiiik>s hard to a Enropeon to nii kd long
on tlio ground with eutrstretohod legs), the Envoy got up* and n
long converBatlon vm§ carri<wl en Ijotwt'en bim and tSio rSourt
grundpirii wlio apologiiEed for the wrotehed hospitality hIiowh
him ami iK> 2 »otight uj to be nontent aa their country could
furnish nothing lietlor. Out- wlav'es came iiiiiuediately op out
risUig anei took eaeli the tESod bk inBator had left Eind put it in
a clotli to carry homo with him^ The Envoy as welt as all of
us displayed by our out ward show a great pleasure at tho
honour WH tiAiL there roceLvod anfl ertjoyed, aocl after a long
convor&atieu \\*ef made our rt?treat onco moro to the hFiiting
place usunby BasigniHl u.-s, Cananori whithor eevoral of them*
whohadalarpj relinuc, acconipaoit^d iw, returning therefrom
to report everything to th« King* Ah soon eis the oi^ond
audk^nca was over Eind w*^ had received our presonta, poriiikrtion
wiL-^ at onE-'o given us to Tetnm honie^ which wo forthwith
acted upon. Wo had everything packed imineUiatoly and the
next tlay wo took our march the eacort of the royal
Adigars and otlier DksavnB, ami keopLag up a continuous
converHatiim* which, as atnlod alx>va+ laaled for aljout an hoijr^s
journey beyond Qmanor where tliA.*y necomponacti ua so far on
tho return journey to Colombo. They than took loava of tu,
with the exception of a few who were aftsign!>d to tw, aufi
betook thema^voH Ijock to Csmdpa. hut the others reiiiained
with us till m?ftr Citoaque wliere th^'y likewise parted from us*
52
JOURNAL, E.A,S. (cETIjOS), [VoL. XXYl,
After they bcul finat bom-u m^rti pfiminiteHi witli gift^ by V(A
Mtl j^prinkled with rose WAberp whkh hnppeiu^ at «iaeb tiWAtiog
Ad airyAcJy mCmtioniHi^ Thpy Accprcimgly miidp their my to
the Court and we ours to the territory' of tho CompAiiy> where
already a CeiimiAndQ wofi WAitlDg, seat to meet us freni
Colombo and to a^ompaFiy us the root of the joumoy homop
which woH very pleessat oad gratifyiiig to every one of us.
Sovf^ral perHOTM were very ill and two indeed had to bo earried.
Our retinue had deeri'OsiKJ no greatly that it could no longer ho
eompartd with the one with which wo liad origiimUy sot oatp
and inosiuuoh we hnd eleo left f>ehind our pr^ents.
ecriHum^d tlie eatables^ and. dmok all our winop boor and
brandy r our baggage was considerably lightened p so Lliat wu
aoiromplisliod iho whole juumiy from Candea to Colombo in
seven daysp liaving loft Cananor on the lant day of Docomher^
1736. and roaobing Colombo the flth of Jonunryp 1737. But
altogether we wem away for ort« tnoiith and two days, from
ftth Novemberp l730p to 6th Januaryp 1737, Ooneeming tho rent
of the advmturoH and great exertions whiah wo we^ti^ put to,
not only on this jouriiey^ bnfc aJeko at the limiting pJoees where
wv worn obliged to remain on the way^ all of which 1 have
pketehed os far as tho time allowHp there would still be much
to mention, but I will rceerve this for another opportunity**
ThJi intentiofk Heydt doM not HVtn lo have fnMIled,
No* 71*—191S,] ISSCItIPTION OF GAJA BAHU tl.
5^
AN INSCRIPTION OF GAJA BAKU II.
liv Er W* CODRINOTON, C,C^.
This slab-piUar stands m on opon spaeo adjoining a
paddy dold at Ka|>urii Oya in the LagguJa Pall^siya
Fattuwa of I)iBtrjct^ a few yards to the north of the
path leading from RananmrA to Wilgoinuwa, and a boot 1^
miles to the east of ^iloingaha Ulpota, the first vjJlage below
the bills.
It ifi 3 feet S Inches in height, and I foot 4 inches
in breadth, by S inches in depth: the top has Ijoeo datuagad,
having been used by the cultivators as a whot-stone.
Mr. S. M. Burrows, AasLsiant Goveminent Agent for the
MatalA District from 13S7 to 1800 and again in 189G, is said
to have ordered the pillar to be raised from it^ then fallen
position ; but his Diaries do not show that bo ever went
nearer to Kapuru Yfdu than Hett^pola, two miles away.
The inscription does not form part of the records of the
ArehsDoIogicai Commission, and U now published for the
first time (Plate 1.).*
The subject is the grant of immunities to a viUage, t he
name of which appears at the foot of the southern side (B)
of the pillar; but is now' illegible.
The grantor is King Gaja BAhu If. > who reigned
from about A.D, 1131 till 1153, when he abdicated in
favour of Parakraiua Bdhu I. The Lnscription bs uijic|ue
as being the only Sii^hiileso grant of this King know'n*
though his name appears in the Dimbulagala (MiirAvidij6]
Cave In^rlptlon No. 3, recording a dedication by hL^ mother:!
* Tlie And c«t«nipiL^ iiro b^iiig prc«ejilfld to tJiD
Arch^ii!iO0^l Survey ta ^ added to tho tL'ayJen Government
vollii?etion.
f Anii^uaryf VoK Itl , Part U
5i IDURNAL, W.A.S. (CEITOX). [YOL. I.
nad in two Tamil retjords at Fo]onniiriiwa,* Xq i:«gna|
year ta gi^en, but, m Jaya li&hu ia not assooktecl with him,
it may be aurmised thAl it dates froin a period subaequeot
to the death of that Ruler, whose la^t Iciiown year ia bis
thirty-eighth, A-B* 1145-tj.t
Thu style of the grant obisely follows that of the Tenth
Cantury iriacriptiojis+ The Language ia Lnterestiiig ai lieing
Sl^ialese in the hist aUgo of development before the
itifuaion of Sanaki-it^ whbh became fashiouable m com^-
quouce of the revival of learning under Paraktama Bahu 1.
Sidt A : lino 7. The title ChakraiarH [Sig, Sak^itl)
appears in the Tamil inacription of Vijaj'a Rihu I. at
Fojoniiaruwa, in which that King's titles read Ko Sri
Sanjhabrid^timrftian Choh^aiwlikal Sri Vija^ B^iAu Divar;
and in the Budmnutt4w'a rerord of the eighth year of ^ri
ChitkravariHkaf^ Jaya Edhu Dh'rsrl
It* use hero, therefore, b in accordance with tlie nsago of
the periods
Linos 10, IL The e:cpreseion Poionn^-uru-nd Vijuya-
r4/u*purayu k also the e^act counterpart of Ftdanari-ifdnta
y ijayaFdjtt'^piiram in Vijftya Bahub Inscripthati above
referred Ux The title pfosumably was given to Poloiinaruwa
by Vijaya Bihia himself to replace the CMJa name Jma-
natfia-purdm^^ Ljiter on it gave way, under Ni^nka
Alalia, to KdlrngupTiniya. I
Line 17. Fu^l'Hnfo Lft jx^rhaps the same OJi raitu^a,
an epithet of Vhihj|^u» In view of the almost mvariahlo
presence of a shrine of this god in t^iAnri^ this interpretation
is not iniprohebleH
Side. B : lines 1-2. Tbo wornaA^Aar^ read so or a, cl
or and possibLy It Is suggested that the Erst read
* ^’KrtYfir. Afteiwl tteport. 11)07, p. ■ 1!^,
pp 2 S, 21
tibid impp 20.27
tiind )V1M2. p. lit und Xe 94
I ifrid IfiOa^p. 27: p 27,
I LiiflcHptiQD, Ep. Vol II., Xo. 17 : B, lina 7
Xo. 71 . — tsfScGiiTiois or oaja bahit ii.
55
pffii "imagesp"* which suits the sense. The readbg peii
pifima kalfi p4fd Ls tempiingp but soems hardly warmnted
by the estampago.
lines 3-5, The meaning here is very obscure. ^Ir-
H+ C, 1^, BeU, late Archseological Conmissioner, is inclined
to suspect names p and the translation has been rendered
accordbigly^ If the reading J?a% m line IG is correct,
the names occur, at in part, twice.
Lines 13-15. For MelS^urthi Mr. Bell proffers
the possible alternative reading 3!€ldndu ahhidu.
S $4t C : line 1. In another estampage I he s<ocoiid al'sh am
apj'Oars clearly as til, We bavCf therefore, two parallel
sentences: Bangi dd-ge //indii hhidi^-t'u /Jawiw^a defiMC^i In
B, lines 4-7 ■ and Bang M-ge * + - - - rti [r^rdaJtAa
parnMina hopi dl in B, lines 10-17 , and 0, Ibies 1-2-
Line 2. The only orthographical error in the whole
record is the omission of the at the end otsat^. This is
clearly meant for satur*^ and has been so translated.
Lines 3, 9, II, 12, Arakhitnawm stands for the usual
Amhamai^n. and J/cfeMI should Ijo
compared with the forms prevalent in the Ninth and Tenth
Centuries- These are; mangdiv pigadiv, mawjdim pbjadivat
magiv /Jediu, fiaajlyira inniX^ira piiferi/im, unJ
piyu^iva for the first; and AleWifsE, Jlc/uf^En,
-VcfdatSi Mddtti, and J/Jaiat^dn for the second.
lines 14, 15. Tha Soli soldiers axe, of course, those of
Ch61a descent, rwudi ar® perhaps tho i>eoiile of Tondi in
South India The names apfiear on the Timbirivewa
Inscription t where Mr. Wichteuiaajnghe has read
Fdndif' but the plate seenus to agree with the reading in our
record. ^ i t
Lino 17, UvartAW^ usually equals tiprttfajmn't with tho
meanings “ Ltupleiuentfl, materials, moons j provUions for a
journey; iu-^ignia of royalty^* {Clough)* These seem in^
~ * Ep. Ztj/i. Vol II., So- 3 [iAa fo TuAdi, bc*
VoL tv., pp, 21-S3, whicli nppetuvcl nfnJr pmseial Barmr
to pr™.—EJd
5ii
jorasALj (cetlon). [Vol, XXVI,
appUcalile here; tbougb lbs tii^otence posaibly mny mean
'* niatoriala (for food)/" that Is, •" food^prt>ducmg trees,
5uch as palmyraSp e[>cDEut treft^ and the like/^ The word,
however^ has been taken as coDiposed of uva (Skt. upa), and
urann (Ski, with the same meaning as ii|>eiraaa^
kind of garden j grove ^ wUdernesa bordering a V'illage^'
(Clough).
Sidi D: iLnea 7-S. The reading a 4 lAa[ina}n “unjustly,''^
which suits the eerwe, U that suggested by A. Aloudis Ounas^-
kflra* Mudaliydr, It ha^ been arlopted provisionally, though
the second akshara would seem to be writteu with the hal; cf
MetdLfhi in C, lines 11, 12, but gor g b D, line Id.
Lines Id, 14, IT. SammaUi normally means gouoral
oonsent,^" Hero, howovor, there can be little doubt that
foimmaia paha^^ has the same sense as the fiumJL'aJd poAoM
and mmvald jJoAan of the Buddhnnn^hola and Kamb^wa
Inscriptions,^ and mmmi of the Mayilagostota
pillar.* Ihe word has been translated **edictar'
accordingly.
Lines 15, The stone apparently bas sifiSLfid or, as
there h a slight mark bEide the sfdAiind. The former
word being a contraction of ' * stoodthe sentence
iiia 3 ' road: The edict-al stone .. ^ . stood as a meritorious
act (reaching as far as) the Bro^r^o The involitite
form, howeveris not in harmon}'^ with the Sinhalese idiom.
On the other hand sidhuJtd ( ^aiddha-und) requires some such
form as paAai|^m; thus, Merit (reaching as far as) the
Brcthma w’as acquired by (means of) the edlctal stone.”
The translationi given below presupposes the omission of
some such word os aifavd after pci/ra^. It is by no mcani^ a
fiatisfactory solution of the problem.
TheexprassioD Bumba fe pin has been interpreted with
reference to the idea that meritorious acts are heard as far
as that heaven (S* ^KJSh
• Ep.Zn^ . Vol. l.,3io, 10: VcL II , Na, iSr Val. H., Mo IJ.
No. 71, - IDJS.j II«9CllIPT!ON or GAJA BaHI- D.
57
The quej^tion whother the hal is ettache^l to the Biial O
apd certain other in doubtfuL la the word
Meldfshi m O, Ime^i 11 and 12, the htd iu ceTtaiply preBent,
and is formed by the oontinimtioii upwards of tho right jjfcle
of the alr^i^ra. It h also aimoat csrtaidir prownt in Lai^
div. in lino 4. In the word kofa in Mno 2, and D, line
7,f£f^iafa m lino II, and in />, lino IG, it h
nbBont, Doubtful caae.^ are bnia and t$ga in Aj lino^ 2 and
3, both of w'hlch are worn, desfifa in 4, bnos 14 and J5,
dojfil i in lino 3^ Irofti in C, linos 14 and 16, and D* bno
and in D, line 11. In tbose, as woll as in uocira^i or
uura^ in Cy line 17, there U a f^light stroke above the centre
of the Letter^ whiph, if not a Haw' in the stone, might he
taken for the hid as formed in the Tenth Cobtnry.
In the caee of in D, lino 12, in addition, there Fjeems
to be the word thus readuig , a form which
agrees with the orlhogtaphy prevalent under Parikraiiia Bihu
I. The correct reading of all these Ib doubtful; but as the
Mirnvidiy^ Inscription above referfod to appears to haA^e Xota
distinctly, I have ventured to read the final a as without hai
throngbout. The variations toff and koin are paralleUed
by vtiff. and itirfi in C, lines 0 and 9.
JXnfa/ij wiwfandiff the translation follows the rendering
of similar inscriptions published by &Lr. Wickremasinghe in
the Zeylanica.
TexL
A . East
2
3 rn3
6 D ^
7 E|-«^
^ d'rf’e3?>e&sf*«
Transcript.
1 Oka(va.^> l^ajapil](^apll)re-
2 n bata K^t osaba-
3 na^e aga uiehesu-
\ n-vu I-ak div pedo-
h"^ yon parapureu hi’
6 mi raja pamupn v^ si^i
7 ajria SakvUl Gala
S B^hu rajsp^vahniise
9 ^ineti gana pirivA-
58
JOFRSALp k.A.S. (CEYLOS). [Vf>L. XXVI.
Text. Cmtd.
.4. Ir3a^t.
10 ds •3j»(53BFiflH
11 B^J5
la ©^Si^i ^&3a#^S 0L
13
14 aH®i
15 ©li^csfe
16 difl
17 0ci^^K3Oi> g,2^sJi
B.
I
a, (•}®
3
i f»ja)
5
6 I ag^
7 Hi # «S tSg
8 eg ia
9 f£©iCj5ri3Stsf
10 ^(jrt=b
11 rfd"*!
12 €toirf#e 0
13 •£<
14 ^
15 g
16 si
17 . . , , .
1 . g
2 *2333 ? as®t
3 ^<£j^ ^
4 tna
5 I? gi36^ m
6 0d (Se
7 ^ 6?>5B^ 5*3 %
8 cfl*^ ftsjjjrfjsoi ip^fSfiai
9 ^iri 0^ z^SfCCa *4;0tf5
10 mfs^^ $1 4^®
11 D Bce^0t
7'raRs«5rip^^
10 li FalonnektAFii'VU
11 Yljayarajapurayehi
12 ehitnskii|ii nikn^iip&yi&bi vf-
L3 bjn<l^ rdjEiidliura viokaf4
14 h^Tiie tun h i kalamand de-
Lfi aata verastha pamii];^u vEidd-
Id nina suRiAyelii hYfc^ha pdjd
17 vaykiuita prat inid etu-
^Diith.
1 hi70(|>eti) .
2 . iu[^) ka]a pdjd
^ Dasata da Fa-
4 ra Bang! dafga}
^ Hlnab! hinda-
I G VR pamui^g dc-
7 nneji KUi-
^ ngy Navini Ka-
0 Ebalnavatl
10 dakvi 0aja
Bahu raiapA-
12 Tahflii^jfl va-
13 dAlejia Me-
. 14 landuFehii-
I 15 YU Ulaiitiya¥a-
16 tt Rangidage)
17 , , . . .
Weat.
j 1 - vA[YeY'Qaltlwi poinunu
I 2 kot^ di m 0 garti^ eata
3 dig-bi hun e^uki-vA ta-
4 nat^ attaiji ka^u bh
.1 ndiivaimat4 a Navini Ka
I 0 ibalaavaii var^ Kill-
7 n£u Navmi Raknina
l^ Ma-
B haig Kotta Arakhiuna-
0 nan ^^ra Kundasala
Devana
10 Saturn ek m y^ me gaina
11 tft inaugiv^ piyaflglYe ^!e-
No. ?l.— 1918 +] iSSCRIPTlON OF OAJA BAHT II,
59
Text. Conid.
C. Weat.
J2 CjBsS Ot®=s
13 irf
11 0 ^ 3 ^ f csj frsca
15 Q d«i-^
16 ȣj30 <55s> :^irf gd
17 SEsi
D.
I ^a^*£Sb 0
II 9^- •
3 Sb 90 ©
4 !ff3 ©iK
5 MjjJ gdg sa©
6 td:
7 ^ETS I|^c5
8 [®J Erf *53 fflt W
9 ip.aosj
16 ©^sh
U *©«^
1 ^ tflo *B 5 »i 0 ^ea
{3 *E!^ Si
J4 C®isj
15 ase 9(3^
16 (@i©e
IT *£
J& dsD^d m<i^ S5
12 la^ahi rajakol-k^miya-
13 n doruvan^ de-kanvtau no
14 vadnn4 boja wa Tundl So
15 fi bakt rgh^i^a no gasanu
16 kop^ bi tnlan pu!u-
. 1| [UlTl 4
Xortb.
1 kApanu bota
2 bd imui ko-
3 |a mo gam ra-
4 iia gani-ves^-
i> Han iniilu-viil gami-
6 u pitaikaranii
7 kol^a indadha-
8 [mij n me gam gH*
9 ttaii ^tata
10 ay^ilotvii
11 mekii^a beha a-
12 na kola Is4
13 k} tab Ha-
14 niiualn paba(i^}
15 Bambalo [ikl
16 Hldhdnd (ba)v'at:a
17 mo samniata po^
18 f^h^m deim vt
Translatiom
WbjDii Ili4 Mftjeflty the Cha^vaFii ni£inarch^ Kitiff ^aja Bihn^
who l!iaj!l HMHCHleid thfr tlironjo^ lord by Iicroditar^' Hueocflaion of tho Hoil
of Iha lalimct of L&fikA, which h iv chief £|uevii to th^ Kfl^atTiya pHuc^a
dHiKBiicisd in Toyal nucCMtioa ffom Ikshvdku^ ww^ rented Hurrouadtd
by Ih* miUtitutkj of bii oourtisrfl m the in lIJa^j^iLFaJa^
purayii. to wit FoloaseTturap and, TOAkioe enquh™ loKuchioR tlni
buaineHa of State, wm voiKJhflAfijiR: hoiTitablv Timii« granted by edict in
evv^ry piftce in wMteooVOr diroetjon plcasod hkn, EMiafa EATfal
Kail^lnaYaD repitMWeited t4i*t, ( t having set up] ininfif« Inoludlog
\mnm of Viflhou {with I a Lm of ofTiariiigB, he wsa giving tbetfe offoiin^
whieh he hid made {oxid) lieritablo Ino^ at Daiata-da dm-
SinahS.
Lit. ** TAricgaUKl/’ ml^rnod with pminting^ curving, out.
60 JOVUSAI., it.A.s. {cKrijON)* [VoL. XXYI,
Hertiftblo landa having bfiefi efAntw! by edioi mt UlunjftY&a
ftMtf id»ge; -- -in Ke3»iiiliij-k^ KilLn^a N^vlid Makam& of tba
liiuxogQ uT NitYlaL KubulnavAD HJid KundAAAtA DiavuiA Situm of iba
linaAga af the QhM Seoratfliy Kait*. APAhItARAoul, tfrbo cansa nt tb&
BorninAnd a[ Hia Mikiaaty Ktli^ QaIa BA.hu to bsI up pillan of Coun-eil
Waminty for tha plAOO inCi^lJiiing tlia boundarlefl of Ms village in tbo
four difooLiona,, to^thor (proolAlJQMd tbo foUQWing inunmufioai <»
will tli&b tminpA aod vAgrozita, ■ork^onti oC fbo Royill
houwhald, nod Koldara of two plADM oE buaJjHwi ahotlld aot outer
tihoroin, tijfti the Tai^di Kid So4i ealdjora ahouJd not nooee tboroin, lliAt
palmynu, »»ootiiit-tn»4 ond tbs Idee And the ffumnindin^ woodland
ahouid lio'l be out down^ ibnt villai^ia, ivbe Ti&yid^ killed enyoTia ■ball
flee to these lands^ ahould be expelled from tlio whole ^dUftgO p Kad that,
d fuiy taka theaa laride imjiuitly they ahould be drlveo forlh and thob
property mst out.
Tlie ediotnl etona (lecordingj theae aforesaid (pHyileges liBfl been
set up, sndi Enorit (tmohing cya: far a?] the .HraAnu] fetitw acquired. To
thie effect thceo adjctnl ammunities hn^'e boOa glYann
I am very greatly obligjed to Mr- H. C. P* Bell for hi8 kindly
h^lp inobctiking my reading of the IniMfipllon, and for many
useful AuggestioiiB, ati well as for seeing thla tbrougb
the press •
* { EdiliOd Sf fil 4 rroti*A sccarditig tO SJ z*. CH^drifigton'^s
Ma.*'E*py“—Bd
Jottr7>alC, .-1. 5., To;. A'AT/., Xo. 71.
MATALE DI&TRICT,
1M.ATK 1.
INSCRini^U) pillah «F OAJA BAHIT 11.
I
V *
Xo* tl.—1918*]
NOTES AND OlTERIES*
Ul
NOTES AND QUERIES.
IHSCIllBED PILLAR-SLAB AT NUWARA ELIYA.
riv H. C. P. Bbi.u C,C.S. (fftliretf).
If onif ivere asked to select the t|U.ite most iinJikelf
site in Cejioq for the distorety of n lithic ioficription
doting- hack to the Tenth Century, the choice would, with
considerable reason, fall on Xowarn EJiya, the present
fashionable “Sanitarium" of the Tslnnd.
Even in the mid Uth eentiirj-—and, indeed, mnch
Inter-^a pilgrimage to "Aduin'e Peak”—not a far-rry
from Xiiwam Eliya—that faniet] Mountain, sacred to
many religinns cnlts, through a stern rtonntry of ragged
hill and dense forest infested with elephants, was an
undertaking demanding no small courage, and idvolving
much hardship and enduronce: lai^. that much trareUcd
Moor of Morocco, Ibn Batiita, who made tJie journey, in
l^'t, from Puttajam riii Kiirun^gaJa, apparently bv
the Qalaged&ra Pass, through PiradoniyA, Gamjtola. and
the present district of Ud* Bojatgama to the ncttml fuaient
at Maskeliya—then obviously the more trying mute,
and speaks feelingly, of Takir Br.U (" the path of Father
Adam ”) as “ rough and difbcnlt ",
Less than a ueutury has elapsed since Xiiwara Eliyo
was a place mostly to be avoided, save by some chnnre
"two legged miscreant" sportsman.
Hamilton's Emt India Gazettc^ir*’ thus describes
the distrirt in 1828 :—
HvTnled mnuntsm tmet in
Ceylnn sitqA^ atmiit thirty-thr^e miles south fnjm Csndv, In
point of elerstioa this region pmhnKb siirpasses nnv other In the
Island, as for a spa™ of from Eftreu to taontT miles in cirenm-
|j 2 JorwNALj a.A.s. [Vor„ XXXI.
fer^^noe the height uiay he estituateiJ ac a ,.300 feet ntioi'e
tlie lo^el oE the !^a.
Beinj^ yurroiin-Jed by ih^ lops of mDUntaion^ which hal'e the
appearance of ii]0<]erate sbcd hilkj itiE appearuQCe is that of a table¬
land^ eloToted and dvpros£j[^ by uumerDiLs hills and holioti^s.
IWnntkflll aa this tract is^ and passe^^in^ a probablj healtlij
eliimtLu, like the similar heigh Es of ^latura^a and Fort ecdunald,
it Js whulk a^mndoned io the frrti^ finfurpfp more especially ta the
grove elephant which, ticitwithsLanding tbo coolness of the temperm^
ttire, makes it his abodo^ being attracted by the exoallence of its
pasture^ the lioclubioti of its recesses^ and» aboce alb by the
nWnoe of his fM^rseoiiEor, the two le^ed miscreant.*
The loeatiun of a BuddhiaE Tciiiple nt Xuwiirii Eliya
□early a tkoiisaiid years ogti^ is strikiu^i^ tesHaiuiiy
to the relif^dous zeal of the or Forost-dweUin^,
monks, who buried themselves atiiid utuifist xvilds, which,
after a milleauiiiin, have beoome oae of Ceyiuii's most
easily accessible '‘Hill Statioiis**.
There is uo jioflsible doubt of the eiiisteoce of siicli a
Viltiru during the period, broadly speaking, frcani AJ>.
[Hui to A.l>. imu.
“ l^roof positive** is afforded by tbe broken half of
the inscribed pillar-slab (now Ijeidg safegu:irded at the
Xntvara Eliya Kacrhrhon against furl her destmetidny,
of whjcli the sc^ript absolutely refers itstdf to the parly
tenth Century^ tbaugb tbe name of the King hy wlmm
this was granted is not on the lower porlion
of the stone, which alone has sijrvive<L
In June 1801 the writer chauied to he in ]\uwara
Eliya; and, having been entrusted the year 1>efore with
charge of the Arc Ideological Survey of Ceylon, a rough
slahj said to bear letters^ was brought to his iioljce^.
The stone then lay on the bank of the atreaoiT known
as the 7'atagali^^^g^^ “ near the turning to the rfnil since
defonct. The weather was, at ilie time, very wet, and little
suited for the reading of an sineient inscription Lilt on
acecunt by fjeut. WatAda, ^th Regt.+ and
Liieiit, Tl^th Rpgt., of their exploration inora than eighty
**S^ from Xuwara KIiva of wild country fwhich they named
Elk Plain " anti ** llHhrtfm Plain/') appeared in the Ceylon
/lozrtf^ of the <ifty, and fhi Ob^ti^r it C^niincma*
Hdrerfi^^r. April h\ 1834 ,
Xo. 7i.—I&IH.]
NOTES _ANIJ OUERTE5,
Ii3
gT^y Ifrauile, \y\ik-h bdil suffened tuiub from oxiiasure to
the eletiieutf^ i'ur t:ejjtiiries. But *niue at tempt woe made
to take a pn^visiDual, if dnuhtfiil. **eye-eopy” of the
iadistiiict record.
Two yeara iater (May Mtli, the following hi iff
notes were furiiiehed, ut the request of Sir E, Xoel
Wiilker, fieuteooot Governor aiid Colouial SefiTetaiy,
then 5tu3'ia{r at *^TIie tQueen's f,'otlage‘\ Xiiwara Eliya ■—
1 *ieo, hy my nrhte^> tll«t i (on June in heMty
rain I A centAtive eyu-eopy of hs much of the wcathemi writian an i s
hitW at all lo^ilk on thin htnuo—only the IxiUom portion of an
LoacritH^ pillar-slBL^
Tlie charpqt^*rs* arc of the lOtli Century. Xatumllv vt^ry little
foJifii'ftwl tan be niado of u rocoreJ ao Y»rnh^n ami irnrn. Side
A contninsi “ tho HoyaL dccri^ ” [ ■ hut the naine of the
King—doubtleaA ono of tho many ruling of the j>eriod with Llie
nlternatiiifr (epithets] Siri or ^'^'nfnra^i-
—ift not AKcertaiDablo: it mus^t have bv^n on tl^e np|i«^r part
of the Slone now missings
Tlsis llthic r^rd, fri&itmentaiy' though it l)C. Ift of eOll ftiderable
ini crest, AS proving the existence of a BiiddhiHt Temple ut Xitiitora
Kliya ruildel- u hutever name then IcilOI^'n) nearly LtNK) veor.s ago.
Since the iusertption has nat Iiceti examined
eicept vitariously. In lODT the Head Oversper nf
the Artduefjluijipal Survey, A, P, Kiriwardhnnu (spppially
tTiiined to copy old ju-^-ripti.oiii&i), wheti nt work iu the
Cetitral Provinre, was ilirpeted to make uu from
the stoop.
The shih wo,< llieii reported to be lyitif? near The
YoJuutpor Barrarks''. The squeeze taken diil not
prove satisfactory, being too faint and somewhat blurreiT
KeoentK% ttie Assistant tjovemnient A^jeui id
Xdwam Eliya, ^Ir. M. if. \Vt>dderhum* has wisely had
the stone remiived from where it lay* near the pre^tent
^Wrmoury.” to the Kaehcheri i>i'i^uiises. AnoilnT
'"squeeze'* lias been secured, of ivhicdi a photograph is
reproduced on the aecoiupaujing Plate II.
It seems most probable^ from the wortling of the lines
on the side marked A in ffie ['late, that the iiiseription
pommeELtPil OP that fare; was pniitiuued, to proper left,
along' Sides B and V j and finished on D.
*54
JOFRXAI,, H.A,S, (cKTmx), [VoL. XXVi.
Till? lines of 'n^riting, between rulingp still (ii»f?eraible.
in wliole or in part^ an these four sides are:—A, linen fi
(coivering v<^rticnlly 1ft. 4iii,); B, lines 9 (1ft, 8in.);
Cj iioee 13; IX two Unes traoeohle, with fsiat inflicatlonfl
of others below.
Only the Teitp TnmsK!ri|>t and Translation «1 Side A
of the pillar-slab are offered: of the probable contents of
the rest of the slab mere suggestiou nms* suffice.
Side
T&tf.
I-
2 .
3,
4, atssd
5, ^
ti. (Sg)*>s»d'
A.
Trori^scripl.
l..jELasa(ra} samda-
ruvamo ek so (v^)
vadAla ek samb
yen Kohomba
g^ina{t) Elasnra A-
{nibu)nora Talagaitia atu
Translation.
(...) rn]i(Wo tlie Chiefs, b^ini^ usu^idbled
toj^thsr mt (thbi) nlte^ (dc^^lare) upon the ord^r lof Fllft
that t^ltvekrn nt KolidznbagnrrbB^ X (labll) nora^ Tnla^untn, A VO.
Sides B.C.D.
Tbe recurreiicei not onoe nor twine, nl im (*.e.+ the
modern oonjimction *■/« = English omper^iond *^^and"')
points with high probability to the repetition on this stnne
of the almost stereotyped inium tions"" regurding the
Tioktion of Temple rights and property, found on nearly
every piUar inscription of the medieval centuries-*
But — with the except ion perhaps of the &emi4egible
"r .Ue/dJ^ri no-iWnd line.*? 2, 3, 4) **aiid
fforeigners^ irt. ? Moors) shaD (not be allowed)
to enter (the Temple preeLnets)” — it would be unsafe to
construct phrases from letters occurring heTe and there,
which, albeit in themselves fairly clear, do not necessarily
form part of familiar words^ into which it ia tempting to
weave them.
* Sw " Epigrmphifl KeyLamcm ”
repeated ad nauAyini^
INUitm, for thesa pnohlbitioELi
Jimnmt C. A. S,. V&l. A’A'I’/., AV 71.
NUWARA EL[YA.
l'J,ATE II.
l\Si lUUKIi
I
i
I
i* ’,
r
I ►-
4 f 'ftl^mm 9
m *
t
I
*1
r
71.—1918-] 3fOfE« AXft QVEftlES. tia
A PADALAI FROM JAFFNA.
TLe enclosure uf ca*ljaii ar OIjci wlikh
tbe rultivu of the Tamil maq of Juifua, and wliicU toimB
such an y^ly feature in the country scenery" of the
Feninsob , is too weU known to need further rkscrlptiou.
At tlje eotmiice there is generally small portico^ oitco
raised on two pillars. This portico plays an important
part in the Hooial life of the Taiuil, and at one time
similar striirtores were commoii in the Sinhalese roontry
as well. The gate almost inrariably is made of palmy to h
woml, and is calleti A patftlai ; the iinLuro of the tiiuber has
fixed the gezitml design^ for the palm does not yield
|>lanks of iiioro thari six inches in widlh. The po^alai ui
secured to oqo of the supports of the portico hy n ring of
imn or wood^ and l>eIow it turns hi u socket hollowed in
a atone which is let iuto the ground. It is rendered self-
closing by an ingenious littk airongeincnt made ont of o
piece of coir rope weighted with a atones ami is kept cloised
with the help of a short iron ehain^
l^laie L, which ia from o photograpdi hy Dr, Andreas
Xell, shows nil exceptionally clahomte and artistic aiwci-
lOon of a po^Oi. The greaie^^t hoight of the original is
ii* 6^1 and its widtii is 4^ This beautiful specimen was
secured by foe at Chullipuraiu^ where it was found in the
l*ai k yard of a wealthy Unilinfiin. and comhiries utility
with l>eanty in a remarkable degree. No metal has been
utH'd in its coiistmctinn except for the hamlle ami chain,
and the thickness of the timber is such that ii caunoi l>e
idiioiiied €-xcept from trees of rery great ago+ **A
thousand years in life^ and a thousand years in deatlr’ is
the Tamil proverh which dcM-rihes the palmy rah. The
nature of the tiiidter has limited the size of the squares
into ubieh tho padahti ifi divided, and which show an
inner measurement of 4^ only.
fi6 H.A.s. (rEvr^N). [VoL. XXTI.
Tbq arti&t—be wa« aot nn artii^an—^who made this
lias fitiovin romarkabte idclll in wbai is
Ijeuerally regarded aa material tmpnaaible for artisiie
work—palm timber. Tbe aeale of the illustration,
Plate does not render it possible to see tbe details of tbe
work, which are tberotore .‘Jhowii Ln Plate IL* its is^keiched
by tuy son. As iq all good Eftstem work, the artist did
not starve bis work for lack of imogination, nor confine
himself to tbe oorrow limits of a bard and fast paper
design^ For iiMitaiice^ note the variety sbown iq the detail
of the diamond bosseS:, and in tbe partitions of tbe
sfjuares. Mitiinture lingam were ottneked to the five
iron rings hatLging below. The bases of tbe two side
timbers end iq Mtthira heads over conventional scales^
R E. P.
Juvrnal C. A. S., Vot. A'A’ I'/., *Vo. 71.
n.ATK tn.
A PADAI.AI FRiiM -lAKKNA.
n.ATK JV.
l^KTAM.S ^VN ll^>ALAl.
[ -i. t;it-|Lt ftuil Mt a. rl|l^^*^a^LnE
t-ucli ^t*A-tirfi liiirio. &. U-n,i tiTiMiinlH-
rt. Drai^ni whiivi' lit*:* ring5a
I
— V * *
Ir^'
*‘A book that is shui is but a block*
^^.AEOLOq.
<c
GOVT* OF INDIA ^
iV Department of Archaeology ^
^ NEW DEEHI.
8 ^
Pleftae help us to keep the book
clean and moying.