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SAN  FEANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  6,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
Kumber    1 . 


HrNTS  TO  MINERS.— NO.  5. 

Formation  of  Deep  Placers. 
When  we  leave  the  quite  recent  deposits 
which  are  due  to  forces  now  in  operation, 
where  the  gold  can  be  traoed  to  its  source, 
either  to  a  ledge  in  a  hill  near  by,  or  the 
older  gravels  which  the  modern  stream  has 
cut  into  and  transported,  and  take  into 
consideration  the  character,  position,  ex- 
tent, etc.,  of  the  auriferous  deposits  of 
earlier  formations,  many  difficulties  are 
met  with.  For  the  purposes  of  miners 
deep  deposits  are  not  traceable,  within 
reasonable  limits,  by  surface  indications  in 
the  places  whore  they  occur.  A  small  stream 
may  be  for  some  distance  easily  traced  by 
the  strata  of  sand,  gravel,  water-worn  peb- 
bles, etc.,  but  when  it  is  followed  towards 
low  level  plains  through  which  the  mod- 
ern stream  has  cut  a  channel,  the  strata  in- 
creases in  thickness  and  it  is  not  always 
possible  to  mark  the  course  of  its  old  bed. 
It  is  hidden  by  layers  of  sand  and  drift, 
and  where  the  distance  between  the  ridges 
which  form  the  valley  is  considerable  it  is 
often  doubtful  that  when  a  miner  stakes 
out  his  claim  it  will  include  any  consid- 
erable  length   of  the   old  stream  bed. 

Of  course  the  probable  direction  of  the 
old  channel  may  be  laid  out  and  it  is  to  be 
supposed  that  the  deposits  nearly  every- 
where run  parallel  to  the  modern  streams, 
but  the  smaller  deflections  are  numerous 
and  there  may  be  many  differences  from 
what  is  supposed  to  be  the  proper  course. 
As  often  occurs,  a  bed  that  is  rich  for  some 
distance  spreads  considerably,  changes  its 
character  and  ceases  to  pay.  In  such 
places  it  is  difficult  to  follow  the  run  of  the 
rich  ground  and  where  the  width  is  very 
great  it  is  easily  lost.  Although  the  works 
may  be  abandoned  and  many  small  claims 
on  the  supposed  course  prove  unremuner- 
ative,  the  lead  is  surely  there.  An  inter- 
esting chapter  on  the  action  of  water  is  ob- 
served in  modern  streams,  occurs  in 
Smyth's  Gold  Fields  of  Victoria  which  we 
condense  for  the  purpose  of  a  more  easy 
understanding  of  the  modes  of  deposition 
of  more  ancient  alluvial  deposits: 

Whether  the  auriferous  drifts,  clays  and 
detritus  are  exposed  on  the  surface  or  cov- 
ered by  basalt,  or  by  quite  recent  sedimen- 
tary deposits,  they  present  as  far  as  is 
known  at  present,  everywhere  the  same 
features.  In  other  words  if  the  superin- 
cumbent strata  were  removed,  the  under- 
lying drifts  and  ranges  of  clay-slates  and 
mudstones  would  not  differ  in  the  mode  of 
distribution  or  occurrence  from  those 
which  are  not  so  covered. 

The  action  of  the  atmosphere  or  rain 
and  wind,  of  the  sun  and  dew,  is  to  wear 
away  and  make  ready  for  removal  by 
streams,  large  or  small,  even  the  hardest 
rocks.  A  stream  once  formed  acts  in  two 
ways;  it  cuts  into  the  rocks  through  which 
it  flows  and  at  the  same  time  deposits  in 
the  line  of  its  course  the  heavier  materials 
brought  down  from  the  neighboring  hights. 
In  this  manner  are  the  alluvia  formed;  and 
if  the  stream  be  strong  and  the  clivity  not 


excessive,  and  the  rocks  soft,  a  compara- 
tively wide  extent  of  drifts  and  clay  ar- 
ranged nearly  in  the  order  of  their  specific 
gravities,  (having  regard  to  the  form  of 
the  particles) ,  will  be  deposited;  and  these 
strata  will  gradually  increase  in  thickness 
until  the  stream  in  its  lower  parts  begins 
by  reason  of  a  fall  of  the  ground  to  act  en- 
ergetically, scooping  out  for  itself  a  deeper 
channel.  This  will  in  a  time  wear  back 
and  a  new  and  deeper  course  will  be  cut 
through  the  alluvia  and  bed-rock.  The 
result  of  this  action  is  shown  in  Fig.  1,  in 
which  xx  is  the  bed-rock;  A  A  the  older 
Fig.  I. 


upper  part  to  fall  down  as  the  under  part 
was  excavated.  The  course  would  shift 
gradually  to  the  right,  and  all  the  mate- 
rials composing  the  cliff,  including  the  in- 
tersecting veinsof  quartz,  would  be  broken 
up  and  carried  away,  to  be  deposited  in 
some  part  of  the  stream  bed. 

Fig.  3,  in  which  a  is  the  stream,  shows 
what  is  effected  when  adverse  forces  co- 
operate. The  water  eroding  the  rocks  on 
the  right  hand  side,  would  cause  masses 
to  fall  from  time  to  time;  but  slips  would 
occur  also  very  frequently.  Surface  water 
finding  its  way  into  layers  of  clay,  as  at 
c  c,  would  facilitate  this  operation,  and  an 
insignificant  stream  would  soon  percepti- 
Fig.  III. 


drift;  B  the  newer  drift,  c  c  the  older  drift 
that  has  been  cut  through  and  carried 
away. 

The  stream  represents  the  gutter  of  a 
lead,  and  the  drifts,  A  A,  the  wash  from 
the  lead.  It  is  often  supposed  that  this 
wash  is  necessarily  younger  than  the  drift 
of  the  gutter,  but  it  is  perhaps  in  some  in- 
stances older.  It  is  easy  to  conceive  that 
many  massive  layers,  all  of  different  ages, 
may  have  been  formed  in  this  way;  and 
where  it  is  capable  of  proof  that  the  stream 
has  always  been  cutting  for  itself  a  deeper 
Fig.   II. 


channel,  we  may  assume  of  a  certainty  that 
the  upper  drifts  are  older  than  those  lying 
at  lower  levels. 

It  is  not  often  that  a  stream  will  con- 
tinue to  deposit  materials  in  the  direction 
of  its  course  for  long  periods,  and  until 
its  course  is  changed,  but  this  sometimes 
happens  in  placers  where  the  bounding 
range  on  either  side  is  very  low,  the 
course  will  silt  up,  and  when  perhaps  by 
some  fall  of  rock  the  waters  are  tempora- 
rily dammed  back,  they  will  find  an  outlet 
over  some  part  of  the  range  into  a  differ- 
ent drainage  area.  Under  such  circum- 
stances it  is  almost  impossible  to  deter- 
mine the  relative  ages  of  the  deposits, 
more  especially  where  the  materials  com- 
posing the  drifts  are  of  the  same  litho- 
logical  character. 

Streams  of  water,  acting  on  highly  in- 
clined strata,  composed  of  argillaceous 
rocks  and  soft  sandstones,  effect  very  im- 
portant alterations  in  a  short  time.  The 
stream,  a,  shown  in  Fig.  2,  would  rap- 
idly wear  away  the  rock  against  which  it 
strikes,  and  every  shower  of  rain  would 
assist  in  eroding  the  mass,  causing  the 


bly  alter  its  channel.  Where  claystones 
in  such  places  form  part  of  the  strata,  the 
layers  will  not  cohere,  and  large  masses 
will  slide  into  the  bed  of  the  creek  or  river. 
Eemarkable  changes  follow  this  kind  of 
erosion,  and  none  iB  more  common  than 
that  shown  in  Fig.  4.  On  examining  an 
ordinary  horseshoe  bend,  one  sees  that  the 
stream  has  at  different  periods  overflowed 
and  denuded  nearly  every  part  of  the  sur- 
face of  the  peninsula,  C,  which  is  therefore 
much  lower  than  the  adjacent  country. 
The  waters  having  finally  cut  a  course  as 
indicated  in  the  diagram,  continue  to  erode 

Fig.   TV. 


the  sides  of  the  range,  at  A  and  B,  in  the 
manner  shown  by  Fig.  2  and  Fig.  3,  until 
at  last  the  isthmus  is  cut  through;  the 
channel  is  deepened,  and  with  the  lapse  of 
time  the  old  course  around  the  peninsula 
is  almost  obliterated.  The  detritus  in  it 
lies  at  a  much  higher  level  than  the  more 
recent  alluvia,  and  when  still  further 
changes  have  taken  place,  its  origin  may 
scarcely  be  traceable. 

The  Absorption  of  Sulphur  by  Gold. 

Mr.  William  Skey,  analyst  to  the  geo- 
logical survey  of  New  Zealand,  has  pub- 
lished an  interesting  paper  on  the  absorp- 
tion of  sulphur  by  gold,  and  its  effects  in 
retarding  amalgamation.  While  investi- 
gating the  causes  of  the  reported  loss  of 
gold  during  the  process  of  extraction  at 
the  Thames  gold  fields,  he  observed  that 
much  of  this  loss  could  scarcely  be  re- 
ferred to  any  of  those  causes  generally 
supposed  operative  for  it.  He  therefore 
tested  the  actual  condition  of  the  natural 
surfaces  of  numerous  specimens  of  Thames 


gold,  in  respect  to  their  behavior  with 
mercury,  and  examined  further  than  has 
hitherto  been  done  into  its  comportment 
with  several  of  those  substances  likely  to 
be  associated  with  it  in  a  natural  way. 

The  results  of  these  examinations  are 
minutely  recorded  in  his  paper,  and  the 
following  short  abstract  of  them  is  taken 
from  the  London  Chemical  News.  The 
author  finds — 

1.  That  numerous  samples  of  bright, 
clean-looking  gold,  of  all  degrees  of  fine- 
ness, refuse  to  amalgamate  on  any  part  of 
their  natural  surfaces,  though  taken  di- 
rectly from  the  reef  and  untouched  by 
hand. 

2.  That  on  such  surfaces  sulphur  is  al- 
ways present. 

3.  That  native  gold,  or  gold  in  a  pure 
state,  readily  absorbs  sulphur  from  moist 
sulphureted  hydrogen  or  sulphide  of  am- 
monium, and  absorbs  it  directly  when  ad- 
ministered in  boiling  water. 

4.  That  surfaces  so  treated  refuse  to 
amalgamate,  though  no  apparent  change 
can  be  observed  in  their  aspect. 

5.  That  gold  so  affected  is  rendered  amal- 
gamate by  roasting  in  an  open  fire,  un- 
less copper  is  present  to  the  extent  of  seven 
per  cent,  (or  perhaps  less) ,  while  the  same 
effect  is  produced  by  the  contact  of  cyan- 
ide of  potassium,  chromic  and  nitric  acid, 
and  chloride  of  lime  acidified. 

6.  That  this  absorption  is  altogether  of 
a  chemical  nature. 

7.  That  sulphates  of  iron,  in  presence 
of  air  and  water,  decomposed  various  me- 
tallic sulphides  common  to  auriferous 
reefs,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  liberate  sul- 
phureted hydrogen. 

The  action  of  sulphureted  hydrogen 
upon' gold,  in  rendering  it  non-amalgama- 
ble  when  placed  in  contact  with  mercury, 
was  demonstrated  with  striking  effect  by 
the  author  before  the  members  of  this  so- 
oiety. 

From  these  results  the  author  has  been 
led  to  suppose  that  a  large  area  of  the  nat- 
ural surfaces  of  native  gold  is  covered 
with  a  thin  film  of  an  auriferous  sulphide, 
and  that  the  greater  part  of  the  gold  which 
escapes  amalgamation  at  the  battery  is 
represented  by  that  portion  of  this  sul- 
phurized gold  which  has  remained  una- 
braded  during  the  processes  of  milling  or 
extraction  from  the  reef;  the  state  of  the 
gold,  rather,  than  that  of  the  mercury, 
therefore,  being  the  greatest  impediment 
to  thorough  amalgamation. 

In  addition  to  these  resultB,  the  author 
communicated  others  relative  to  the  effect 
of  solutions  of  sulphureted  hydrogen  and 
sulphide  of  ammonium  upon  platinum.  In 
rendering  it  non  amalgamable  ,he  believed 
a  sulphide  of  the  metal  had  formed  in 
each  case,  Bince  chromic  acid  rendered  it 
again  amalgamable.  He  also  stated  that  this 
metal  is  also  so  affected  by  ammonia  or  the 
fixed  alkalies  that  it  will  not  amalgamate, 
except  in  presence  of  a  mineral  acid,  from 
which  he  suspects  platina  is  capable  of  su- 
perficial oxidizement  when  in  contact  with 
alkaline  substances,  even  at  common  tem- 
peratures. The  author  found  that  his  sam- 
ples of  gold  were  not  affected  by  the  alka- 
lies in  this  manner,  except  in  the  case  of 
one  from  Victoria,  a  singularity  from 
which  was  argued  the  presence  of  palla- 
dium in  this  particular  sample. 

The  Weather.— Mr.  F.  B.  Pilling  of 
the  Signal  Service  Corps,  has  furnished  us 
with  a  table  showing  the  monthly  mean  re- 
port which  sums  up  as  follows:  Mean 
daily  barometer,  30.09;  thermometer  53; 
rainfall,  inches,  0,436;  prevailing  wind, 
south-west;  number  of  miles  travelled  by 
the  wind  since  the  15th  ult.,  4,430  miles, 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  6,  1872. 


Correspondence. 


RESOURCES  OF  MONTANA. 

[By  Our  Own  Traveler.] 

During  a  recent  visit  to  Virginia  City, 
the  capital  of  Montana.  I  found  it  in  a 
flourishing  condition.  The  Daily  Montan- 
ian,  the  official  paper  of  the  Territory,  is 
printed  by  steam,  and  has  the  second 
steam  press  introduced  into  Montana.  It 
contains  all  the  late  telegraphic  dispatches 
and  the  current  news  of  the  day.  One 
banking  house  in  Virginia  City  received 
$90,000  in  currency  this  fall,  and  paid  the 
same  out  to  miners  in  90  days. 

Mr.  D.  W.  White,  traveling  agent  for 
the  Giant  Powder  Company  of  your  city, 
made  some  experiments  during  my  stay  at 
this  place,  which  resulted  satisfactorily  to 
all  who  witnessed  them,  and  demonstrated 
its  peculiar  adaptibility  for  blasting  pur- 
poses. 

In  November  the  wholesale  rates  of  pro- 
duce were  as  follows:  Flour,  XXX,  $7.50 
per  sack;  XX,  $7.00;  X;  $6.50.  Retailing 
from  50  cents  to  $1,00  higher.  Wheat, 
3%  cents  per  pound;  oats,  2%  cents  per 
pound;  potatoes,  2  cents  per  pound;  but- 
ter, 45  cents  per  pound ;  eggs,  65  cents  per 
dozen;  cabbage,  3  cents  per  pound;  on- 
ions, 12%  cents  per  pound;  dressed  hogs, 
$18  per  hundred  pounds;  chickens,  $9  to 
$10  per  dozen;  beef,  8  cents  on  foot. 
Placer  Mining  in  Alder  Gulch 

J.  M.  Knight  &  Co.  have  a  large  mining 
claim  near  the  city,  in  this  gulch,  and  have 
4,000  feet  of  fluming,  22  inches  wide  in- 
side, and  employ  10  miners.  The  mining 
season  is  from  April  to  November.  They 
own  9,000  feet  of  ground  up  and  down  the 
gulch,  which  has  averaged  $400  per  day. 
The  gold  is  very  fine  (oro  flnoj.  The 
gulch  is  12  miles  long.  At  the  upper  end 
I  noticed  very  fine  washed  boulders. 
There  are  12  flumes  in  the  gulch,  and  each 
company  employs  about  12  men;  and  it  is 
said  that  at  the  present  rate  it  will  be  12 
years  before  the   ground  is  worked  out. 

The  next  claim  visited  was  that  of  the 
Cork  Mining  Company,  situated  a  short 
distance  from  Knight  &  Co's  claim.  Dur- 
ing the  week,  this  company,  with  five  men, 
extracted  $1,260,  or  $50  dollars  a  day  to 
the  hand. 

German  Bar  Fluming  Company, 
Owned  by  Sedman  &  McGregory ,  has  5,000 
feet  of  ground,  and  employs  seven  men. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  claims  in 
the  gulch,  and  yields,  on  an  average,  $400 
a  week.  The  banks  are  22  feet  deep  to  the 
bed-rock.  By  means  of  a  very  ingeniously 
constructed  revolving  wheel,  invented  by 
Mr.  Sedman.  the  large  rocks  are  caught 
and  elevated,  while  the  smaller  ones  drop 
through,  and  pass  on  down  the  gulch. 

Wright,  Pope  &  Lee  have  1,000  feet  of 
ground,  and  employ  six  men,  and  are 
taking  out  $50  a  day  to  the  man.  John 
Donegan  owns  5,000  feet  of  mining  prop- 
erty, employs  six  men  and  has  taken 
out  upwards  $4,000  this  season.  He 
has  an  underground  water  drain  200  feet 
long  and  20  feet  deep.  He  has  also  a  water 
wheel,  used  for  hoisting,  and  so  con- 
structed with  a  clutch,  to  throw  it  in  and 
out  of  gear,  that  after  the  load  of  dirt  is 
hoisted  up  on  a  platform,  the  water  is 
turned  off  the  wheel,  and  used  for  sluicing 
purposes. 

IHcKee's  Bar. 

Mr.  Daniel  Emory  has  a  claim  on  this 
bar,  with  a  shaft  20  feet,  and  is  drifting  in 
gravel.  The  timbers  used  are  nine  by 
three  and  one-half  feet,  and  $30  are  ex- 
tracted to  each  set  of  timbers. 

Pine  Grove  Fluming  Co., 
Is  composed  of  Eobert  McAdams  and  oth- 
ers, who  employ  four  men,  and  elevate  the 
larger  boulders  to  the  surface  by  means  of 
derricks.  The  fall  of  their  flume  is  nine 
inches  in  twelve  feet.  This  claim  is  pay- 
ing handsomely. 

Summit  Mining  District 
Is  situated  at  the  head  of  Alder  Gulch,  8 
miles  from  Virginia  City.  The  Keystone 
lode  averages  2  feet  in  width,  has  3  shafts, 
one  80  feet  deep,  one  125 and  the  other  170 
feet  deep.  About  $25,000  have  been  ex- 
tracted from  this  lode.  It  has  a  good  foot 
wall  of  limestono,  and  a  hanging  wall  of 
granite,  and  bids  fair  to  become  one  of  the 
prominent  ledges  of  the  district.  It  is 
owned  by  E.  B.  Coverly  &  Bro.  Mining 
picks  made  in  San  Francisco  by  Mr. 
Wright,  have  been  introduced  [into  this 
district  and  the  miners  assure  me  they 
give  entire  satisfaction,  and  they  are  well 


pleased  with  them.  There  is  in  this  dis- 
trict one  15-stamp  quartz  mill,  with  two 
arastras  and  one  Wheeler's  pan,  reducing 
ores  from  the  Oro  Cache  and  How  lodes. 
These  lodes  belong  to  the  owners  of  the 
mill,  who  occasionally  crush  custom  ores 
from  the  Keystone.  Oro  Cache  has  two 
tunnels,  one  550  feet  long,  running  in  to  a 
depth  of  200  feet  from  the  surface;  the 
other  is  three  hundred  feet  long  and  strikes 
the  ledge  500  feet  from  the  surface.  The 
upper  tunnel  has  had  about  200  feet  of 
paying  quartz,  varying  from  $15  to  $60 
per  ton.  About  35  tons  per  week  are  now 
taken  out,  averaging  $18  per  ton. 

The  Keystone  is  being  worked  by  Cov- 
erly Brothers,  and  they  are  taking  out 
quartz  for  crushing  at  the  How  mill.  The 
John  How  lode  is  also  taking  out  quartz 
which  is  being  crushed  at  the  mill.  This 
lode  is  opened  by  four  shafts  and  a  tunnel, 
which  is  700  feet  long  and  strikes  the 
ledge  450  feet  from  the  surface.  It  has 
widened  from  a  2 -inch  crevice  to  7  feet, 
and  the  ore  is  estimated  at  $10  per  ton. 
Peyton  &  Co.  are  at  work  on  the  Success 
lode,  Aces  on  the  Emma,  and  Masters  on 
the  Horn,  and  from  appearances  I  judge 
this  is  a  very  prosperous  mining  camp. 

Brown's  Gulch 
Is  located  a  few  miles  from  Virginia  City. 
The  True  silver  ledge,  situated  in  this 
gulch,  is  the  property  of  Mr.  Poznainsky, 
and  is  now  being  worked  by  him.  He  has 
a  tunnel  run  in  on  the  vein  about  175  feet, 
which  shows  a  ledge  about  eight  feet  in 
width,  filled  with  splendid  silver  sulphuret 
that  will  yield  from  $100  to  $200  per  ton. 
The  bullion  is  worth  $3  per  ounce. 

The  Pacific  True,  and  Black  silver  ledges 
have  lately  been  examined  by  parties  sent 
here  from  Salt  Lake  for  that  purpose,  who 
expressed  themselves  highly  pleased  with 
their  appearance.  The  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road mine  assays  $125  per  ton,  and  ore  has 
been  sold  on  the  dump  at  $65  per  ton.  The 
next  district  I  visited  was 

The  Meadow  Creek  Mining  District, 

Situated  some  20  miles  from  Virginia  City. 
The  Mother  Hendrix  mine  is  located  here, 
and  is  owned  by  F.  B.  Merk,  Esq.  It  has 
three  shafts,  60,  100  and  140  feet  deep,  re- 
spectively. The  lode  averages  20  inches  in 
width,  and  contains  good  gold-bearing 
quartz,  with  free  gold  and  a  small  quantity 
of  sulphurets.  Some  24  miners  are  em- 
ployed. Mr.  M.  has  invested  considerable 
money  in  developing  this  property,  which 
will  no  doubt  yield  him  handsome  returns. 
He  has  erected  a  10-stamp  quartz  mill  with 
a  20-foot  water  wheel,  and  has  introduced 
Stevenson's  patent  mould-board  amalgam- 
ating pan,  which  holds  5,000  pounds  to  a 
charge.  Its  operations  have  been  entirely 
satisfactory.  Mr.  M.  was  induced  to  try 
this  pan,  from  having  seen  an  illustration 
of  it  in  the  Scientific  Peess.-  He  claims 
that  its  grinding  qualities  are  superior  to 
those  of  any  pan  in  use  in  the  Territory. 
The  mill  has  a  California  battery,  and  a 
bar  of  gold  is  shipped  to  New  York  every 
week. 

Want  of  Reduction  Works. 
The  great  need  in  mining  in  Montana  is 
proper  reduction  works,  facilities  for  work- 
ing ores,  and  machinery  such  as  is  used 
for  reducing  like  ores  in  other  States  and 
Territories.  The  machinery  necessary  is 
Stetefeldt  furnaces,  stamp  mills  for  dry 
crushing,  and  pans  for  amalgamation. 
Provide  the  quartz  miners  with  works  at 
which  they  can  get  their  ore  reduced,  and 
in  another  year  the  country  will  present  a 
different  appearance  from  the  present. 

w.  H.  M. 

Columbia  District,  U.  T. 

Eds.  Pbess: — Having  been  a  constant 
reader  of  your  valuable  paper  for  some 
years,  and  seeing  so  many  districts  repre- 
sented, and  the  good  results  therefrom,  I 
take  the  liberty  of  addressing  myself  to 
you,  and  if  you  think  it  worthy  of  publica- 
tion please  give  it  room  in  the  columns  of 
your  paper. 

Location, 

Columbia  is  situated  35  miles  southwest 
from  East  Canon,  20  miles  west  from  East 
Tintic,  almost  due  north  of  West  Tintic, 
and  is  that  section  of  country  that  is  known 
as  West  Mountain,  commencing  at  the 
head  of  Bush  Valley,  and  running  thence 
to  Point  Look  Out  on  the  old  Overland 
mail  route. 

The  District  was  discovered  last  Septem- 
ber, but  the  first  locators  were  not  over- 
anxious to  advertise  the  district  till  they 
had  received  titles  to  their  mines.  This 
having  been  done,  winter  closed  in  upon 


us  and  prospecting  ceased  for  a  time  but 
work  is  being  pushed  vigorously  upon  six 
different  mines,  and  will  continue  all  win- 
ter. 

There  are  at  present  writing  104  loca- 
tions on  the  records. 

Formation  and  Class  of  Ores. 

The  mineral  belt  as  far  as  prospected  is 
2%  miles  wide,  and  4  or  5  in  length.  The 
counti'y  rock  or  formation,  is  porphry, 
quartzite,  and  slate.  Nothing  of  any  great 
importance  lias  yet  been  found  in  the  slate, 
but  the  largest  and  best  defined  ledges 
follow  the  quartzite  principally. 

The  ledges  crop  out  boldly  and  in  nearly 
every  instance,  where  much  work  has  been 
done,  argentiferous  galena  and  grey  car- 
bonatas  have  been  exposed;  assaying  from 
$25  to  $125  silver,  and  lead  enough  for 
practical  and  profitable  working — some  of 
the  ore  carrying  as  high  as  80  per  cent.  lead. 
Smelters  are  greatly  needed  for  the  reduc- 
tion of  these  ores.  There  is  wood  and  wa- 
ter convenient,  and  every  furnace  facili- 
ties requisite  for  cheap  and  profitable 
works.  The  ore  in  this  camp  is  self-flux- 
ing, and  the  expense  of  fluxing  material 
will  be  dispensed  with  rendering  smelting 
cheap  and  profitable.  I  have  never  seen  a 
mining  district  possessing  so  many  rare 
advantages  as  does  Columbia. 

The  Washington, 
On  Liberal  Hill,  is  being  worked  with 
good  results.  The  lodge  is  nearly  five  feet 
in  width,  the  foot-wall  pitching  to  the 
south  on  an  incline  of  40  degrees.  The 
mine  is  easily  worked,  being  decomposed 
oxide  of  lead — soft  carbonates — and  inter- 
mixed with  small  bunches  of  galena  assay- 
ing all  the  way  from  48  to  75  per  cent, 
lead,  and  from  $30  to  $86  in  silver.  This 
mine  will  be  sunk  to  a  depth  of  400  feet  in 
the  discovery  shaft  this  winter,  which  will 
pretty  thoroughly  prospect  the  mine. 

The  Gold  Eagle 
Mine  on  Liberty  Hill  is  being  worked  vig- 
orously and  will  commence  shipping  ore 
to  Ophir  City  this  month.  The  ledge  is 
three  feet  wide,  pitching  to  the  west,  and  is 
well  defined  by  two  smooth  walls.  The 
ore  is  of  carbonate  and  galeua  improving 
in  quality  and  quantity  as  the  work  pro- 
gresses. 

Chimney  Corner 
Mine,  situated  on  Montezuma  Hill,  is 
down  twenty-five  feet  on  an  incline,  dip- 
ping to  the  south,  showing  good  ore  from 
the  surface  to  the  bottom  of  incline,  and  a 
ledge  two  feet  and  a  half  wide,  improving 
as  it  goes  down.  We  have  experienced 
but  very  little  winter  yet,  and  do  not  an- 
ticipate much  snow.  The  miners  are  all 
comfortably  situated  in  good  log  and  rock 
houses,  and  some  of  them  being  49ers, 
we  manage  to  pass  a  pleasant  and  profita- 
ble winter,  and  will  show  up  a  district 
next  spring  second  to  none  in  Utah. 

Miner. 

Toole,  Utah,  Dec.  20,  1871. 


Hybrid  Animals. 

It  is.interesting  to  note  how  facts  crowd 
in  on  us  of  a  nature  so  curious  that  a  few 
years  ago  they  would  not  have  received  the 
slightest  credence,  but  which  are  now 
placed  beyond  all  dispute.  It.  is  not  so 
very  long  since  that  hybrids  were  consid- 
ered absolutely  sterile.  The  mule  was 
taken  as  a  type  of  all  this  class.  Now  it  is 
pretty  certain  that,  if  not  the  only  excep- 
tion in  sterility,  it  is  nearly  so,  and  even 
mules  have  been  known  to  produce  off- 
spring. In  other  animals  mules  are  get- 
ting a  varied  existence.  Becently,  at  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadel- 
phia, a  bird  was  exhibited  which  was  a 
hybrid  between  a  Brahmahen  and  a  Guinea 
I  fowl.  It  was  a  very  unique  and  pretty 
bird,  pure  white,  with  more  of  the  grace- 
ful in  its  outline  than  either  of  its  parents. 
The  American  Naturalist,  always  careful  of 
its  facts,  not  long  ago  gave  some  authentic 
details  of  hybrids  between  the  common 
house  cat  and  the  raccoon  of  the  Southern 
States.  All  these  undoubted  eases  pre- 
pare us  for  admitting  the  following  from 
the  Poultry  Bulletin,  as  being  within  the 
bounds  of  probability.  In  this  Mr.  E.  H. 
Rogers,  of  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  sends  a  de- 
scription of  an  interesting  hybrid  produced 
by  mating  a  turkey  cock  to  a  common  hen. 

He  writes:  "I  have  twenty-one  fowls, 
the  result  of  this  union.  At  hatching, 
they  resembled  the  chickens  in  their  form 
and  their  chirping,  though  somewhat 
larger.  After  feathering,  they  assumed  the 
color  of  the  turkey,  and  the  tails,  instead  of 
being  like  that  of  the  maternal  parent, 
were  square,  resembling  that  of  the  turkey. 
The  bill  resembles  that  of  a  chicken  and  a 
turkey.  Some  of  them  have  combs  very 
prominent  at  hatching,  resembling  much 
those  of  the  common  cock,  though  turned 
a  little  to  one  side.  The  others  have  no 
combs  at  all  on  that  part  of  the  head  where 
the  comb  grows.  There  is  a  smooth  place 
at  the  upper  end  of  which  is  a  little  pro- 
jection resembling  that  of  the  turkey  gob- 
bler. They  are  now  about  three  months 
old;  they  have  changed  but  little,  and  are 
as  tall  as  common  hens.  I  expect  to  show 
them  in  different  States  this  year  at  the 
Fairs,  and  I  am  in  hopes  you  will  see  them. 
I  send  you  a  feather  from  the  wing  of  a 
three  months'  old  fowl,  that  you  may  see 
its  character  for  yourself." 

The  greatest  interest  to  poultry-raisers 
is  to  know  whether  these  hybrids  can  be 
perpetuated.  We  have  already  said  that 
progeny  from  hybrids  is  getting  to  be  the 
rule  rather  than  the  exception.  It  was  at 
one  time  supposed  that  the  buffalo  and  do- 
mestic cow  produced  together  a  sterile 
progeny,  but  this  is  now  known  not  to  be 
true. 

Almost  all  persons  who  believe  in  the 
sterility  of  hybrids  try  no  further  after  pro- 
ducing them;  and  we  offer  these  sugges- 
tions to  encourage  those  who  have  been 
fortunate  in  producing  them  to  continue 
on  in  their  experiments. — Philadelphia 
Press. 


Volunteer  "Squibs." 

Public  Benefactors. — Under  this  head  an 
appreciative  correspondent  referring  to  the 
stiff-bound  monthly  and  quarterly  editions  of 
the  Peess,  placed  for  free  reading  on  the  ferries, 
steamers,  sleeping  cars,  in  depots,  etc.,  through- 
out this  coast,  writes  as  follows: — "It 
has  been  my  good  fortune  to  travel  much 
in  California  and  Oregon,  and  generally  by 
public  conveyance,  stopping  often  at  the  travel- 
er's home  (the  hotel),  and  no  one  thing  has 
impressed  itself  so  favorably  upon  my  atten- 
tion, as  a  source  of  pastime  and  pleasure,  as 
well  as  having  a  saving  influence  from  smoking, 
drinking  and  gambling,  as  good,  selected,  short 
articles  of  varied  kinds  of  reading  matter. 
Men  become  restless  and  uneasy  very  quick 
when  the  mind  is  unoccupied,  and  without 
thought  or  intention  of  doing  wrong,  fall  into 
various  vices  to  "kill  time." 

As  diamonds  are  valuable  from  their  superla- 
tive brilliancy,  so  your  bound  quarterlies  be- 
come valuable  from  being  generally  the  only 
fresh  and  really  valuable  reading  matter  given 
to  the  traveling  public)  While  they  ornament 
the  tables  of  the  steamers  and  hotels,  their 
pages  are  ladene'd  with  descriptions  of  mount- 
ains of  treasure,  valleys  of  marrow,  and  mar- 
kets filled  with  fruit  and  fattened  upon  the  dew 
drops  of  Heaven.  They  make  us  anxious  to 
save  time  and  save  money,  and  aid  in  spreading 
your  valuable  papers  before  the  public.  Yours 
is  an  expensive  and  a  noble  wort,  and  a  gener- 
ous public  will  not  fail  to  reward  you  well  for 
your  efforts  to  furnish  the  Pacific  Coast  with 
two  such  valuable  journals  as  the  Scientific 
and  Pacific  Rural  Press.  e.  p.  h. 

The  twelve  principal  private  picture 
galleries  in  New  York  are  computed  as  be- 
ing worth  over  $1,000,000, 


The  World's  Fair  of  1873. 

Americans  should  remember  that  Vienna 
is  to  have  a  world's  fair  in  1873.  At  the 
Paris  exhibition  of  1807  nearly  everything 
sent  from  this  country  took  a  prize,  and 
there  is  no  reason  why  the  same  thing 
should  not  be  repeated  at  Vienna  in  1873. 
The  exhibition  will  undoubtedly  be  the 
largest  that  has  ever  yet  been  seen.  The 
park  set  apart  for  the  exhibition  contains 
four  times  as  many  square  yards  as  has 
ever  been  similarly  occupied,  and  the  prin- 
cipal building  alone  will  have  a  length  of 
4,650  feet.  The  committee  having  the 
matter  in  charge  wish  to  have  full  display 
of  the  raw  materials  and  manufactured 
articles  of  each  nation,  with  statistical  in- 
formation in  reference  to  the  amount  pro- 
duced and  the  trade  therein. 

Special  efforts  will  be  made  to  have  the 
art  collections  as  complete  as  possible, 
and  it  is  proposed  to  have  a  loan  collection 
from  all  the  German  museums,  similar  to 
the  celebrated  one  at  Kensington.  An- 
other speciality  will  be  a  collection  of  arti- 
cles used  by  different  nations  in  their  do- 
mestic affairs,  kitchen  utensils,  furniture, 
dress,  ornamental  objects,  in  fact  every- 
thing used  about  a  house.  As  the  Aus- 
trian nation  has  never  had  an  exhibition  of 
this  character,  they  will  undoubtedly  work 
hard  to  make  it  a  success.  The  opportu- 
nity ought  not  to  be  neglected  by  the  man- 
ufacturers of  this  country. — N.  Y.  Post. 

Cyclones. — Mr.  Meldrum  gives  reasons 
for  believing  that  the  East  India  cyclones 
are  produced  by  the  meeting  of  the  north- 
ern and  southern  trade  winds. 


January  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


ECHANICAL 


^Progress. 


Steel  for  Locomotive  Boilers. 

The  Railway  Master  Mechanic's  Associa- 
ciation,  at  New  York,  recently  sent  out  a 
series  of  questions  to  the  various  master 
mechanics  of  tho  country,  requesting  an- 
swers. Eleven  questions,  in  all,  were  Bent 
out,  tho  first  of  which  was: — "  Do  steel 
boiler  plates,  as  now  manufactured,  have 
the  proper  degree  of  hardness,  or  should 
they  be  softer  and  more  ductile  V" 

The  answers  to  this  query  were,  on  the 
whole,  unfavorable  to  the  use  of  steel;  the 
great  objection  being  that  when  used  in 
the  form  of  fire-box  sheets,  such  sheets  are 
liable  to  crack.  If  they  are  to  bo  ilauged, 
much  care  must  subsequently  be  taken 
in  annealing  them. 

To  the  2d  question: — "  Do  you  advise 
the  substitution  of  steel  plates  for  iron  in 
tho  outside  shells  of   locomotive  boilers  ?" 

Very  few  favored  the  use  of  steel,  be- 
cause when  it  is  so  soft  as  to  be  suitable  for 
such  purposes  it  is  so  little  stronger  than 
iron  that  the  plates  cannot  safely  be  made 
thinner;  and  as  steel  costs  twice  as  much 
as  iron  there  would  be  loss  incurred  in 
using  it.  Steel  in  tube  sheets,  however, 
appears  to  stand  very  well  and  to  give 
good  satisfaction.  Steel  rivets  are  never 
used. 

Tho  8th  query  was  as  follows: — If  man- 
ufacturers will  supply  material  of  the  re- 
quired size,  would  you  advise  making  the 
cylindrical  part  of  tho  boiler  in  one  piece, 
extending  from  the  smoke-box  to  throat 
sheets  ?" 

In  answer  to  this,  all  the  replies,  with  a 
very  few  exceptions  were  in  favor  of  mak- 
ing the  barrel  of  the  boiler  of  a  single 
sheet,  provided  sound  material  of  the  nec- 
essary size  could  be  furnished. 

9th.  "Have  you  used  steel  flues;  if  so 
do  you  prefer  them  to!  copper  or  iron." 
No  one  appears  to  approve  of  the  use  of 
steel  boiler  tubes.  They  are  condemned 
for  the  reason  that  they  will  not  caulk  as 
well  as  iron. 

The  above  are  the  chief  points  of  inter- 
est sought  for.  Thirty-three  answers  were 
received  from  the  master  mechanics  of  as 
many  of  the  principal  railroads  of  the 
country. 

Mineral  Cotton. — At  the  last  meeting 
of  the  Franklin  Institute,  says  the  Journal 
of  the  Franklin  Institute,  Mr.  Coleman  Sel- 
lers exhibited  a  sample  of  a  material  which 
is  now  for  the  first  time  to  be  manufactured 
and  applied  to  useful  purposes  in  the  arts. 

The  product  possesses  a  general  resem- 
blance to  cotton,  for  which  it  may  doubt- 
less in  certain  cases  be  substituted  with 
advantage,  but  on  closer  examination  seems 
more  like  spun  glass,  which  in  reality  it 
is.  It  is  formed  by  allowing  a  jet  of  steam 
to  escape  through  a  stream  of  liquid  slag, 
by  which  it  is  blown  into  the  finest  threads, 
sometimes  two  or  three  feet  in  length. 
These  threads,  though  somewhat  elastic, 
readily  break  up  into  much  smaller  ones, 
and,  the  color  of  the  substance  being 
white,  the  appearance  of  a  compacted 
mass  of  it  makes  the  name  under  which  it 
has  been  described  a  very  appropriate  one. 
The  admirable  non-conducting  property  of 
the  material  for  heat,  as  well  as  that  of 
the  great  quantity  of  air  which  it  retains 
in  its  interstices,  would  seem  to  fit  it  very 
■well  for  a  non-conducting  casing  to  steam- 
boilers  and  pipes,  an  application  for  which 
it  is  at  present  being  tested. 

Artificial  Sausage  Skins. — During  the 
recent  war  in  Europe,  so  great  was  the  de- 
mand for  sausage  skins  that  recourse  was 
had  to  a  substitute.  The  Berlin  pea 
sausage  factory  for  some  time  consumed 
daily  a  hundred  thousand  skins;  but  soon 
the  supply  began  to  run  short;  parchment 
paper  was  suggested  as  a  substitute.  The 
difficulty  in  the  use  of  this  material  was  to 
paste  the  edges  of  the  paper  containing  the 
sausage  together,  ordinary  paste  being 
useless  for  this  purpose.  Dr.  E.  Jacob- 
sen,  however,  prepared  a  paste  which  kept 
the  edges  firmly  united  after  several  hours 
boiling,  and  of  which  5,000  pounds  were 
used  for  pasting  sausages. 

Several  layers  of  parchment  paper  united 
with  this  paste  closely  resemble  parch- 
ment in  appearance  and  strength,  and  the 
material  thus  produced  would  be  very 
valuable  for  many  purposes,  such  as  book- 
binding and  the  like.  Parchment  paper 
may  be  firmly  pasted  to  linen  cloth  with 
the  same  paste,  and  the  article  thus  pro- 
duced is  a  water-tight  paper-linen,  very 
well  adapted  for  packing  purposes.  The 
composition  of  the  paste  is  unfortunately 
not  disclosed.— Manufacturer  and  Builder. 


Mechanical  Puddling  a  Snccess. 

The  Iron  and  Steel  Institute  of  Great 
Britain  recently  dispatched  a  special  com- 
mission to  this  country  to  report  upon 
Donks'  puddling  machine,  which  has  for 
some  time  been  in  successful  operation  in 
the  iron  districts  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
commission  were  so  well  pleased  with  the 
working  of  the  machinery  that  they  sent 
the  following  cable  telegram:  "  Danks' 
furnace  successful.  Construct  furnaces 
for  10  cwt.,  squeeze  or  hammer  single  ball. 
Economy  and  quality  satisfactory."  This 
announcement  will  be  received  with  con- 
siderable interest  by  the  iron  masters  in 
this  country. 

Tho  inventor  of  this  device,  in  a  paper 
recently  read  before  the  Iron  and  Steol 
Institute,  claimed  for  it  the  following  ad 
vantages:  A  great  saving  in  the  cost  of 
labor,  and  also  in  the  consumption  of  coal, 
varying  according  to  the  size  of  the  fur- 
nace; a  superior  and  more  regular  quality 
of  puddled  iron  from  a  given  quality  of 
pig;  a  yield  of  puddled  iron  much  in  ex- 
cess of  tho  charge  of  pig  metal,  instead  of 
the  usual  loss,  the  extra  yield  being  ob- 
tained by  the  reduction  of  the  rich  fettling 
used  in  the  machine;  eight  to  ten  heats, 
whether  of  from  5  to  10  cwt.,  are  made  in 
a  day  of  ten  hours  when  suitable  metal  is 
used;  the  refiuing  process  is  very  com- 
plete, the  whole  of  the  phosphorus  and 
silica,  and  the  sulphur  to  a  large  extent, 
being  removed  by  the  chemical  action  of 
the  lining  mixture;  tho  very  heavy  and 
exhaustive  labor  of  puddling  is  performed 
by  steam  power,  thereby  enabling  one 
skilled  man  to  attend  to  the  working  of  a 
large  quantity  of  iron;  the  bringing  to  na 
ture  and  balling  of  the  iron  is  completed  by 
the  rotary  action  without  the  use  of  rab- 
bling, except  when  the  heat  has  to  be  di- 
vided into  smaller  balls;  and  the  capacity 
may  be  suited  for  heats  of  any  weight  from 
5  cwt.  upwards.  The  cost  of  the  furnace, 
weight  of  product  considered,  is  about  the 
same  as  that  of  the  usual  hand-puddling 
furnaces.  We  understand  that  Mr.  Danks 
will  charge  as  royalty  50  cents  per  ton. 

A  Domestic  Steam  Engine. — It  is  grati- 
fying to  observe  that  a  more  than  usual 
amount  of  inventive  talent  is  being  directed 
to  facilitating  household  and  other  light 
work  about  the  shop  and  farm.  We  notice 
in  this  direction  that  a  small  domestic 
steam  motor,  has  recently  been  brought 
out  by  a  distinguished  mechanical  engineer 
of  Paris.  These  motors  are  constructed  to 
vary  in  capacity  from  one  to  four-fifteenths 
of  a  horse-power.  It  is  intended  to  drive 
a  sewing  machine,  churn,  lathe,  small  saw, 
pump,  ventilator,  and  in  fact  any  and  all 
machines  now  driven  by  hand  or  foot 
power.  The  engine  is  heated  by  a  gas  jet, 
the  boiler  being  vertical  and  of  peculiar 
and  most  perfect  construction  for  utilizing 
the  largest  amount  of  heat.  It  can  be  set 
anywhere  in  a  room,  where  it  can  be  con- 
nected with  a  gas-burner.  The  boiler  is 
large,  so  as  not  to  require  being  fed  of  tener 
than  once  in  four  hours,  even  when  in  con- 
stant use,  and  still  holds  only  four  gallons. 

By  a  peculiar  arrangement  the  speed  of 
the  machine  is  made  to  enlarge  or  contract 
the  volume  of  the  flame,  and  thereby  regu- 
late the  production  of  steam  to  the  amount 
of  work  done.  When  the  machine  is  at 
rest,  the  flame  is  so  reduced  as  to  merely 
keep  the  steam  at  a  low  pressure.  The 
same  device  also  acts  as  a  safety  valve. 
Explosion  would  be  next  to  impossible. 
The  engine  and  boiler  weigh  only  200 
pounds,  is  33  inches  high,  and  costs  in 
Paris  but  $100. 


^CIENTiFIC    ^OGRESS. 


Encke's  Comet. 


This  comet,  a  very  insignificant  object 
in  itself,  has  elicited  much  interest  among 
astronomers  from  the  short  duration  of  its 
orbit,  its  near  approach  to  the  sun — nearer 
than  Mercury— and  the  apparent  uniform 
retardation  of  its  period.  We  made  some- 
what lengthy  mention,  last  week,  of  its 
connection  with  the  theory  of  a  resisting 
medium  in  space,  and  but  lately  alluded 
to  the  telegraphic  report  that  Dr.  Huggins, 
the  English  astronomer,  had  succeeded  in 
obtaining  the  spectrum  of  the  comet.  A 
few  days  since  we  received  an  advance 
sheet  from  the  forthcoming  January  num- 
ber of  the  Boston  Journal  of  Chemistry, 
from  which  we  learn  that  Professor 
Young,  of  Dartmouth  College,  had  also 
obtained  a  spectrum  which  he  has  figured 
in  the  proof-sheet  before  us,  and  which  we 
have  here  reproduced. 

The  comet  itself  as  seen  through  a  tele- 
scope, is  a  rounded  mass  of  nebulous  mat- 
ter, about  5'  in  diameter,  with  no  defi- 
nite outline,  and  without  any  distinct  nu- 
cleus. It  is  considerably  brighter  in  the 
center;  but  so  extremely  attenuated  that  a 
star  even  of  the  ninth  magnitude  may  be 
seen  through  it,  almost  as  distinctly  as 
when  no  obstruction  is  intervened. 

The  spectrum,  the  bands  of  which,  three 
in  number,  herewith  showri,  areapparently 
identical  with  those  in  the  spectrum  of  the 
vapor  of  carbon.  The  middle  band, 
near  "b,"  it  will  be  noticed  is  much  bright- 
er than  the  other  two,  and  is  the  most  posi- 
tive of  the  three.  It  appears  that  Prof. 
Young  was  more  successful  than  Huggins 
in  fixing  the  position  of  the  two  outside 
bands. 

The  spectroscope,  to  say  nothing  of  ob- 
servation, indicates  that  thematerialof  the 
comet  is  gaseous,  and  gaseous  only;    for 


An  Improved  Lamp. — We  notice  the  fol- 
lowing recent  lamp  patent  which  must  be 
a  great  assistance  in  the  awkward  duty  of 
lamp  filling:  The  improvement  embraces 
a  guide  arranged  in  the  body  of  the  lamp 
adjacent  to  the  filling-hole,  and  adapted  to 
guide  a  float  within  the  lamp.  Also,  a 
bright  cap  on  the  float,  so  mounted  in  the 
lamp  as  to  be  conspicuously  seen  in  look- 
ing down  into  the  filling-hole,  and  to  warn 
when  the  filling  is  nearly  completed.  Also, 
a  perforated  cylinder  in  the  hollow  stock 
or  shaft  of  the  lamp,  so  arranged  as  to  re- 
ceive air  freely  below,  and  to  discharge  it 
gently  into  the  space  around,  to  be  thence 
conducted  upward  through  an  annular 
space  to  the  burner. 

Cutting  Threads  by  Pressure.— Of  late 
threads  have  been  raised  by  forging  in- 
stead of  cutting.  The  red  hot  end  of  the 
bolts  is  placed  between  dies,  with  a  female 
screw  thread  cut  into  them.  The  upper 
die  being  pressed  down  on  the  iron,  the 
threads  are  instantly  formed,  and  are 
much  tougher  than  the  old  one. 


there  is  no  trace  of  any  continuous  spectrum  to 
such  as  must  result  from  the  presence 
of  solid  or  liquid  dust,  in  a  state  of  how- 
ever fine  division.  Prof.  Young  obtained 
his  spectrum  observations  on  the  1st,  2d 
and  5th  of  December.  The  observations 
of  Dr.  Huggins  were  made  at  intervals 
from  the  8th  to  the  17th  of  November. 
The  Doctor  says  he  could  not  discover  with 
certainty  any  trace  of  polarization,  and 
asserts  that  incontestably  there  is  no  polar- 
ized light  in  that  of  the  comet  itself. 

We  were  under  the  impression  that  this 
was  the  first  spectrum  obtained  of  a  comet; 
but  we  are  now  reminded  that  Huggins  ob- 
tained one  of  Comet  II,  1868,  which  cor- 
responds exactly  with  the  one  here  shown 
of  Encke's  comet. 

Dr.  Huggins  calls  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  longer  axis  of  the  comet  was  di 
reeted  almost  exactly  towards  the  sun, 
and  that  its  head  and  nucleus  were  turned 
away  from  that  luminary.  This,  he  re 
marked,  appears  to  be  the  rule  with  nearly 
all  the  smaller  class  of  comets.  They 
cany  their  tails  before  them,  and  not  until 
their  smaller  fanshaped  appendages  have 
been  well  warmed  by  the  sun's  rays,  do 
they  begin  to  shoot  out  large  tails  in  the 
other  direction. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  the  cometary 
matter  appears  to  be  thus  directed  towards 
the  sun,  and  that  it  has  not  as  yet  fulfilled, 
in  appearance  at  least,  any  of  the  condi- 
tions requisite  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
theory  that  comets  draw  their  sustaining 
matter  from  the  sun. 

The  aspect  of  the  comet,  according  to  a 
drawing  made  by  Mr.  Carpenter  of  Green- 
wich, was  that  of  "a  somewhat  shuttlecock- 
shaped  nebulous  haze,  with  two  wings  of 
much  fainter  light,  extending  on  either 
side,  giving  a  flattened  appearance  to  the 
head  of  the  comet."  A  drawing  made  by 
Dr.  Huggins  agreed  quite  closely  with  the 
above.  He  thought  that  he  had  detected 
a  minute  but  distinctly  marked  nucleus  in 
the  head  of  the  "shuttlecock." 


Depositing  Aluminum  on  Metals. — J. 
Baynes  Thompson,  of  White  Hall,  Eng., 
writes  to  the  editor  of  the  Chemical  JVews 
that  for  more  than  two  years  he  has  been 
depositing  aluminum  daily  on  iron,  steel, 
and  other  metals,  and  driving  it  into  their 
surfaces  at  a  heat  of  about  500'  Fahr. ,  in 
the  same  way  as  he  does  silver  and  nickel. 
He  also  says  that  ho  can  do  the  same  thing 
with  aluminum  bronze,  of  variest  tints 
from  the  palest  lemon  to  the  richest  gold 
color.  Some  years  ago,  Dore  of  Birming- 
ham, England,  also  claimed  to  be  able  to 
coat  copper,  brass,  and  German  silver  with 
aluminum  by  means  of  electrolysis.  As 
there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  the  veracity  of 
these  gentlemen,  it  would  appear  to  be  a 
fact  that  aluminum  can  ba  deposited  by 
electro-galvanic  action  the  same  as  nickel, 
copper,  and  other  metals.  We  should  be 
glad  to  be  furnished  with  the  details  of  the 
process. 

Gold  in  the  Eozoio  of  Wisconsin. — 
Prof.  Boland  D.  Irving,  of  the  University 
of  Wisconsin,  reports  the  discovery  of 
gold  in  the  Eozoic  of  Vt  isconsin.  He  has 
found  small  quantities  in  the  quartz  veins 
of  Clark  county,  a  few  miles  to  the  north- 
ward of  the  junction  of  the  Potsdam  Sand- 
stone with  the  great  stretch  of  Eozoic 
rocks,  which  underlie  the  northern  half  of 
the  State.  The  prevailing  rocks  in  this 
section,  are  chloritic  and  talcose  schists, 
intersected  by  numerous  veins  of  quartz. 
Associated  with  the  gold  were  small  quan- 
tities of  magnetic  iron  in  scales,  pyrite 
and  mispickel,  as  usual,  scattered  through 
a  barren  looking,  tough  white  quartz,  pre- 
senting none  of  the  reddish  or  rotten  ap- 
pearance common  to  surface  gold  ores  of 
any  value.  He  obtained,  by  assay,  a 
yield  of  20  cents  per  2,000  lbs. 

New  Products  from  the  Oxidation  of 
Carbon. — A  most  important  investigation 
from  Prof.  Schultze  has  just  been  an- 
nounced, upon  the  products  obtained  in 
the  direct  oxidation  of  carbon  with  per- 
manganic acid  in  alkaline  solution.  Be- 
sides oxalic  and  other  acids,  which 
were  thus  obtained  in  considerable 
quantity,  the  savant  just  named 
has  succeeded  in  obtaining  one 
which  he  called  provisionally 
"anthraconic"  acid,  but  which  he 
at  the  time  suspected,  and  sub- 
sequently, with  the  aid  of  Dr. 
Carstanjen  and  Baeyer,  proved 
identical  with  mellithic  acid. 
The  importance  of  this  splendid  discov- 
ery to  theoretical  science  will  be  duly  ap- 
preciated by  the  laborers  in  the  field  of 
organic  chemistry,  and  at  the  meeting  of 
the  scientific  association  at  which  it  was 
announced,  it  was  received  with  enthusi- 
asm ;  while  as  the  pioneer  research  in  a 
field  now  opened  for  future  fruitful  dis- 
covery, its  value  to  applied  chemistry  can 
hardly  be  over-estimated. 
The  mellithic  acid  was 


be 


obtained  from 
various  forms  of  carbon  (amongst  which 
was  the  graphite) ,  and  yielded,  on  distilla- 
tion with  soda-lime,  benzol,  and  this,  upon 
nitration  and  subsequent  reduction  gave 
analine. 


Electricity  as  a  Dental  Agent. — The 
use  of  electricity  as  an  agent  in  aid  of  dental 
surgery  is  a  novel  scientific  application. 
Dr.  Bon  will  exhibited,  at  a  late  meeting  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  an  electro-magnet, 
which  was  constructed  to  drive  a  plugging 
tool  for  filling  teeth.  By  its  agency  the 
work  of  dentistry  is  said  to  be  greatly  les- 
sened, and  the  time  of  an  operation  con- 
siderably shortened. 


Pendulum  Experiments. — A  series  of 
careful  experiments  for  determining  the 
gravity  of  the  Earth  are  about  to  be  made 
at  the  Mont  Cenis  Tunnel.  They  will  be 
made  first  in  a  lateral  chamber  about  the 
centre  of  the  tunnel,  and  will  be  after- 
wards repeated  at  the  corresponding  verti- 
cal point  on  the  mountain,  the  differenc  e 
of  level  being  about  1,600  metres.  In  ad- 
dition to  these  observations  they  propose 
to  determine  the  earth's  magnetism  and 
the  temperature  of  the  strata  to  which  they 
can  obtain  access.  By  preliminary  obser- 
vations they  have  ascertained  that  the 
movement  of  the  trains  will  not' to  any  ser- 
ious extent  interfere  with  the  precision  of 
the  observations.  The  different  points  of 
observation  will  be  connected  with  tele- 
graph wires  for  the  purpose  of  chrono- 
graphic  registration. 


Electrical  Induction.— P.  Blaserma, 
having  experimented  upon  the  velocity  of 
electrical  induction,  estimated  the  rate  of 
propagation  in  air  at  550  metres,  and  in 
gum  lac  at  not  more  than  330  metres  per 
second.  The  latter  velocity  is  about 
equivalent  to  that  of  sound  in  air.  Dr. 
Helmnotz,  suspecting  that  the  results  were 
affected  by  induction  within  the  apparatus 
employed,  has  recently  reported  some  ex- 
periments which  demonstrate  a  velocity 
of  more  than  195  miles  per  second,  or  more 
than  600  times  as  great  as  Blaserma's  esti 
mate. 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  6,  1872. 


®f 


INING  SUMMARY. 


Thb  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
Journals  published  in  the  Interior,  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Globe. — Monitor  Miner,  Dec.  38:  This 
week  the  shaft  has  been  re-timbered  the 
balance  of  the  way  down  to  the  old  level  and 
5  ft.  more  in  depth  made.  The  black  ore 
increases  and  indications  are  very  flatter- 
ing. 
CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

Nugget. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  Dec.  23: 
"We  have  been  shown  a  nugget  of  pure 
gold  weighing  $85,  found  in  the  Jesus  Ma- 
ria creek. 

Driven  out  by  Water. — The  props,  of 
the  Corral  Flat  mine  have  been  compelled 
to  abandon  it  for  the  present  on  account  of 
the  quantity  of  water. 

G-win  Mine. — No  rock  is  being  taken  out 
at  present,   it  being  found  necessary  to 
bail   constantly  to  prevent  the  mine  from 
filling. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Eclipse  Mill  and  Mine. — Inyo  Inde- 
pendent, Dec.  16:  The  Co.  is  just  begin- 
ning to  get  the  new  mill  and  things  con- 
nected with  the  mine  generally,  in  working 
order. 

The  mine  presents  the  most  encourag- 
ing aspect.  For  months  past  an  immense 
body  of  ore,  gold  and  argentiferous  galena 
has  been  uncovered  in  amount  without 
further  developments  to  insure  an  abun- 
dant supply  for  an  indefinite  number  of 
years.  The  tramroad  is  completed  to  a 
point  within  2,500  yards  of  the  lower 
dump.  A  large  force  are  engaged  and  in 
a  few  days  will  have  it  finished,  so  that 
the  teams  now  employed  in  carrying  the 
ore  from  the  dump  to  the  cars  can  be  dis- 
pensed with,  thereby  effecting  a  saving  of 
$1.75  on  the  transportation  of  each  ton  of 
ore,  besides  the  extra  handling.  Measures 
are  in  course  of  execution  to  procure  a 
light  locomotive  for  use  on  the  tramroad, 
which  was  constructed  with  that  object  in 
view.  Fourteen  cars  and  4  horses  are  now 
engaged  in  transporting  the  ore,  at  the 
rate  of  48  tons  per  day.  The  amount  does 
not  equal  the  capacity  of  the  mill,  so  that 
it  will  have  to  be  shut  down  occasionally 
for  want  of  ore..  Thirty  stamps  of  the 
usual  style  are  set  up  and  running,  and  20 
more  to  be  in  place.  In  addition  to 
many  other  contemplated  improvements 
the  long  mill  race  is  to  be  lined  with  grow- 
ing willoHvs  to  protect  its  banks  and  there- 
by increase  its  capacity.  The  steam  hoist- 
ing works  will,  during  next  week,  be  put 
in  place  at  the  mine,  and  then  as  soon  as 
the  dump  and  tramroad  connections  are 
completed  there  will  be  no  trouble  in  de- 
livering ore  enough  to  keep  100  stamps 
constantly  in  motion.  Fifty  additional 
stamps  will  be  put  in  the  mill  as  soon  as 
the  arrangements  for  delivering  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  ore  are  completed.  A  smelting 
furnace  is  in  course  of  erection,  and  will 
soon  be  in  runniug  order. 
NEVADA    COUNTY. 

Town  Talk  Mine. — Grass  Valley  Union, 
Dec.  24:  The  Town  Talk  gravel  mine, 
working  about  a  mile  east  from  Grass  Val- 
ley, had  a  clean  up  yesterday.  A  two 
weeks  run  gave  $2,000  worth  of  gold 
dust. 

North  Bloomfield  Mine. — The  claims 
of  the  Co.  are  in  the  northern  part  of  Ne- 
vada county.  They  own  a  gravel  bed  on 
the  Bloomfield  Bidge,  known  to  be  rich, 
and  it  only  awaits  development  to  be  profit- 
able. A  tunnel  about  a  mile  long  is  to  be 
run,  and  has  been  commenced. 

You  Bet.— National  Gazette,  Dec.  28:  Mr. 
Stone  the  Supt.  of  the  English  Co.'s  claims 
at  You  Bet  informs  us,  that  the  late  rains 
have  filled  all  the  ditches,  and  that  they 
have  3  sets  of  claims  running  under  full 
head. 

Baltic  Mine.—  Grass  Valley  Republican, 
Dec.  28:  The  owners  have  made  arrange- 
ments to  commence  work  immediately. 

Blue  Tent.— The  Sailor  Flat  Co.,  at 
Blue  Tent,  have  been  at  work  hydraulicing 
in  their  claims  for  over  a  week.  They  use 
450  inches  of  water.  The  Enterprise  Co., 
started  up  yesterday  and  used  400  inches. 
The  Killam  Co.  E.  Bond,  Supt.  will  com- 
mence operations  on  their  claims  to-day. 
They  will  use  750  inches  of  water  and  em- 
ploy about  15  men. 

Little  Yobk. — Goodspeed  &  Carney,  at 
Hunts  Hill,  are  running  their  8  stamp 
quartz  mill  night  and  day,  crushing  about 
50  tons  of  cement  each  24  hours.  They 
run  their  mill  by  water  power,  and  employ 
19  men  in  their  mill  and  mine.  Their  ce- 
ment pays  well  and  with  great  evenness. 
A,  G.  Turner,  in   the    Eastern    cement 


claims,  at  Hunt's  Hill,  is  also  doing  well. 
He  is  running  his  8  stamp  water  mill  in 
the  daytime,  and  is  making  arrangements 
to  crush  night  and  day,  when  he  will  em- 
ploy from  18  to  20  men.  W.  Duryea,  at 
Buckeye  Hill,  is  working  4  sets  of  hydraul- 
ic claims,  and  averages  3  pipes  to  each 
claim.  At  Quaker  Hill,  Jacobs  &  Sargent 
are  running  6  sets  of  hydraulic  claims  and 
altogether  2,500  inches  of  water,  and  em- 
ploy 30  men.  At  Little  York,  the  English 
Co.  that  purchased  ditch  property  and 
mining  ground  of  E.  Williams,  last  summer 
have  an  abundance  of  water,  and  are  work- 
ing their  mine  on  an  extensive  scale.  The 
season  in  Little  York  township  opens  fa- 
vorably, and  the  gold  yield  promises  to  be 
larger  than  it  has  been  since  1862. 

Ledge  op  Antimony. —  A  ledge  of  what 
is  supposed  to  be  sulphurets  of  antimony 
has  been  discovered  about  10  miles  from 
Grass  Valley.  The  ledge  is  about  3  ft. 
wide,  in  a  hard  syenite  rock.  An  assay  of 
some  of  the  best  looking  pieces  of  rock 
yielded  75  per  cent,  of  pure  antimony.  It 
also  showed  silver  at  the  rate  of  $30  ton, 
and  gold  at  $18  a  ton.  Steps  will  be  taken 
to  develop  the  mine  immediately,  and  as- 
certain its  value. 

Nevada. 

COPE  DISTRICT. 

Lucin. — Elko  Independent,  Dec.  23d: 
The  smelting  works  of  Buel  &  Co.  started 
up  again  on  Monday,  and  were  turning  out 
at  last  accounts  a  ton  of  bullion  every  2 
hours. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT 

Phcendc  Bun. — Eureka  Sentinel,  Dee. 
29th:  The  Phoenix  Smelting  works  com- 
menced producing  bullion  at  one  o'clock 
A.  m.  Dec.  21st;  and  at  2  o'clook  p.  m.  about 
20  tons  had  been  run  into  bars. 

Uncle  Sam. — A  rich  strike  was  made  in 
the  Uncle  Sam  mine  Dec.  25d.  The  ore  is 
represented  as  a  very  high  order  of  gray 
carbonate,  and  the  indications  are  that  the 
ledge  will  develop  into  unusual  size  and 
permanency. 

Steam  Up.— The  Cons,  got  up  steam 
yesterday  to  dry  the  furnaces.  The  works 
will  resume  operation  in  earnest  on  or 
about  the  5ih  of  Jan. 

New  Mill. — In  the  southern  part  of 
town  J.  P.  Jones  &  Co.  have  in  process  of 
erection  a  5-stamp  mill.  The  building  is 
25  by  40  ft.,  and  in  the  main  building  there 
is'  a  carpenter  shop,  assay  office,  with  as- 
say furnace  attached,  and  in  the  rear  the 
mill  machinery  is  being  put  up.  It  is  in- 
tended to  have  5  stamps,  3  pans,  and  one 
large  settler,  driven  by  a  small  engine. 

Pinto  M.  Co. — Located  in  Pinto  Dist., 
on  the  survey  known  as  the  Dutchman's 
Banch,  about  7  miles  from  Eureka,  is  the 
mill  of  this  Co.  It  contains  20  stamps, 
with  a  Stetefeldt  furnace  of  the  latest  im- 
proved pattern,  and  is  capable  of  crushing 
and  roasting  30  tons  of  ore  per  day.  There 
are  now  200  tons  of  ore  on  the  dumps  of 
the  various  mines  of  the  Co.,  and  the  mill 
is  well  supplied  with  a  sufficiency  for  run- 
ning purposes.  Work  is  steadily  pro- 
gressing, and  new  and  richer  bodies  of 
ore  have  been  developed.  The  famous 
Basye  property,  adjoining  the  well  known 
Geddes  &  Bertrand  series;  has  lately  passed 
into  the  hands  of  this  Co.,  and  the  supply 
of  ores  will  be  ample  for  an  indefinite 
length  of  time. 

ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Pioche  Record,  Dee.  24:  W. 
F.  &  Co.  shipped  since  Dec.  17th,  for 
Meadow  Valley  Co.  19  bars  consigned  to 
New  York,  valued  at  $21,875.23;  11  bars 
from  Baymond  &  Ely,  consigned  to  N. 
Y.,  valued  at  $32,979.52;  7  bars  from 
Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  to  N.  Y.,  valued 
at  $7,853.21. 

Newton  Booth — This  claim  is  on  Pan- 
aca  Flat,  some  400  ft.  northwest  of  the 
Panaca  shaft.  The  upper  portion  of  a 
ledge  was  run  through  at  about  110  ft. 
deep.  The  shaft  is  down  about  130  ft.  A 
ledge  the  full  size  of  the  shaft  has  been 
struck.  The  ore  shows  chlorides  of  silver 
and  some  galena. 

Raymond  &  Ely. — Owing  to  the  burn- 
ing of  a  boiler  sheet  and  the  wearing  out 
of  some  of  the  pans  at  the  20-stamp  mill, 
the  receipts  of  the  Co.  have  fallen  off ;  the 
last  shipment  being  $33,000  (only  $5,500 
a  day).  The  mill  was  stopped  for  48 
hours,  on  Monday,  but  has  started  up 
again.  The  mine  is  improving  daily,  the 
lower  level  showing  over  240  ft.  of  ore  in 
length,  of  good  quality.  The  new  30- 
stamp  mill  will  be  started  before  the  15th 
of  Jan. 

Prospecting  Claims. — The  Excelsior 
West  Ext.  of  the  Alps,  Pacific  Tunnel,  No 
4,  Caroline,  Pioche,  Champion,  Silver 
Chief,  Chief  of  the  Hill,  Gen.  Moltke,  Ivan- 
hoe,  Chapman  and  other  claims  are  being 
steadily  worked.  Some  of  the  claims  show 
good  ore  and  justify  further  developments. 


New  Strike. — The  Newark,  on  the  Black 
Ledge,  about  350  ft.  east  of  the  Lightner 
shaft,  have  struck  fine  ore  at  the  depth  of 
125  ft. 

Good  Showing. — Becent  assays  from 
the  ledge  struck  in  the  Newton  Booth, 
show  remarkably  well  for  the  future  of  the 
claim.  Out  of  half  a  dozen  samples  taken 
from  different  portions  of  the  ledge,  the 
highest  assay  was  $574.93,  and  the  gen- 
eral average  of  the  lot  was  $262. 

The  Alps  is  hoisting  the  usual  amount 
of  ore  per  day.  The  character  of  the  ore 
in  the  east  drift  is  improving  rapidly.  The 
galena  has  nearly  disappeared  at  the  depth 
where  work  is  being  carried  on,  rich  chlo- 
ride and  horn  silver,  having  taken  the 
place  of  the  base  metals. 

Peavtne  Mine. — This  claim  is  on  the 
Peavine  Mt.  commmeneing  1,500  ft.  west 
of  the  Bowery  mine  and  contained  1,000 
ft.  of  mining  ground.  The  ledge  is  trace- 
able on  the  surface  the  entire  claim. 
Three  hundred  ft.  west  of  the  east  end  of 
the  claim  a  shaft  has  been  sunk,  following 
the  ledge  50  ft.  deep.  At  the  30-ft.  level 
a  drift  was  run  west  18  ft. ,  showing  one 
foot  of  ore  in  the  face  of  the  drift.  Through- 
out the  entire  works  the  ledge  is  well  de- 
fined. The  foot-wall  is  solid  and  has  a 
fine  selvage,  showing  it  to  be  a  true  fissure 
vein.  Forty  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  are  as 
beautiful  in  appearance  as  it  is  in  chlo- 
rides of  silver,  and  contains  some  magnifi- 
cent specimens  of  antimonial  silver.  The 
top  rock  is  mostly  argentiferous  galena, 
and  gives  place  to  quartz  containing  large 
quantities  of  chlorides  of  silver.  The 
average  assays  of  the  ore  show  it  to  con- 
tain $160  per  ton. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion  — Unionville  Silver  State,  Dec. 
30:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona 
mine,  since  our  last  issue,  was  $7,767. 

Dun  Glen. — Sprague&  Co. 's  new  quartz 
mill  started  up  on  ore  from  the  Lang  Syne 
mine,  on  Tuesday  and  is  a  decided  success. 
REESE  RIVER. 

Good  Yield.— Beese  Biver  Reveille, 
Dec.  27:  Groves  and  brother  have  had 
another  crushing  from  their  mine.  There 
were  3  lots.  The  first  class  ore  (1%  tons) 
worked  up  to  $903.54  per  ton.  The  sec- 
ond class,  consisting  of  11 %  tons,  re- 
turned $215.58  per  ton  and  the  third  class 
9  tons — gave  $62.44  per  ton. 

Mobey  Ore. — Two  lots  of  ore  from  Mr. 
Ogden's  mine,  Morey  dist.,  have  been 
worked  at  the  Manhattan  mill.  One  lot, 
of  '6%  tons,  returned  $369.00  per  ton.  The 
other  worked  lot,  2%  tons,  yielded  $382.90 
per  ton. 

Summit  Canon. — A  lot  of  ore  from  G. 
Hall's  mine  at  Summit  Cannon  amounting  to 
13%  tons,  recently  worked  at  the  Manhat- 
tan Mill,  returned  $160  20  per  ton. 

Belmont  Obe.  — The  Manhattan  Co. 
have  worked  11  tons  of  ore  from  the  Ari- 
zona mine,  at  Belmont.  It  yielded  $279 
50  per  ton. 

The  Manhattan  mill  Co.  run  through  15 
tons  from  their  mine,  the  Oregon,  this 
week. 

One  and  a  half  tons  returned  $1 ,375  47 
per  ton,  and  13%  ton  yielded  $436  65  per 
ton. 

Lone  Star. — This  property  is  being 
worked  by  its  owner,  and  is  turning  out 
a  large  quantity  of  splendid  ore.  For  sev- 
eral months,  a  constant  stream  of  splen- 
did rock  has  been  coming  out  of  the  mine 
and  it  still  looks  as  good  as  ever. 

Monitor.  The  property  of  the  Co.  con- 
sists of  between  1,500  and  1,600  ft.,  com- 
prising the  Monitor  and  Independence  loca- 
tions. A  tunnel  taps  the  ledge  at  a  dis- 
tance of  250  ft.  from  the  surface  showing 
a  well  defined  ledge  from  3  to  15  ft.  in 
width  with  well  defined  walls  on  either 
side.  The  ledge  has  been  prospected  a 
distance  of  400  ft.  in  length  by  drifts  and 
winzes  and  to  the  depth  of  50  ft.  below 
the  tunnel,  exposing  a  well  defined  ledge 
the  entire  distance,  averaging  in  thick- 
ness as  above  stated;  nearly  all  the  rock 
being  good  milling  ore,  assaying  from  $50 
to  as  high  as  $4,000  per  ton. 

One   hundred   and   sixty    tons    of     ore 
worked  at  the  Manhattan   mill  within  the 
the  last  4  months  yielded  over  $71,000,  an 
average  of  $444,44  per  ton. 
WASHOE. 

Bullion. — Virginia  Enterprise,  Dec.  29: 
A  lot  of  8  bars  of  bullion,  worth  $190,000, 
was  yesterday  shipped.  For  the  past  two 
days  the  shipments  have  been  162  bars, 
worth  $365,000. 

Shipment  fob  the  Month  and  the  Year. 
The  bullion  shipment  for  the  month  of 
Dec.  from  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  was  522 
bars,  39,808  lbs.  valued  at  $981,188.96. 
The  total  bullion  shipment  for  1871  was 
6,612  bars,  195,000  lbs. (97%  tons),  and 
worth  $10,921,412.06.  The  shipments  from 
the  Gold  Hill  office  of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 
are  not  included  in  the  above;  including 


the  bullion  sent  from  Gold  Hill  the  total  is 
$12,500,000.  The  shipmentfrom  thisplace 
for  this  year  exceeds  that  of  1866  by  $3,- 
400,000, 

Shut  Down. — The  Kentuck  mine  is  shut 
down  for  the  present.  There  is  no  getting 
ore  to  the  mills  and  no  getting  it  crushed 
once  it  has  reached  there. 

Ophie  Shaft. — The  new  Ophir  shaft 
was  yesterday  down  1,246  ft.,  leaving  54  ft. 
to  go  before  starting  the  main  drift  for  the 
lead.  Before  this  drift  is  started  a  sump 
will  be  constructed  and  the  pump  put  in 
place  ready  for  action  in  case  a  large  de- 
posit of  water  shall  be  struck  in  the  drift. 

Suteo  Tunnel. — The  Sutro  Tunnel  Co. 
have  attacked  their  great  adit  at  all  points, 
with  everywhere  a  strong  force  of  work- 
men. The  main  tunnel  is  in  2,550  ft.,  and 
is  again  in  pretty  hard  rock.  Shaft  No.  1 
is  down  12  ft.,  in  ground  that  works  well; 
Shaft  No.  2  is  down  30  ft.,  in  a  species  of 
conglomerate  (trachyte) ;  Shaft  No.  3  is 
down  20  ft.,  ground  all  hard,  blasting  rock, 
No.  4  is  down  18  ft. ;  ground  hard.  They 
are  going  ahead  in  good  earnest  with  their 
work.  Once  they  get  the  4  shafts  down  to 
the  tunnel  level,  they  will  be  able  to  work 
in  the  tunnel  itself  at  9  different  points. 

Caledonia  Shaft. — The  new  Caledonia 
shaft  is  down  460  ft.  The  rock  continues 
of  a  favorable  character. 

Items.— Gold  Hill  News,  Dec.  30:  The 
Belcher  still  continues  showing  better  and 
better  as  further  developed.  At  the  1,100- 
f t.  level  the  south  drift  is  in  284  ft. ,  the 
face  showing  good  ore,  assaying  $100  per 
ton  on  the  average.  The  southeast  cross- 
cut from  it  is  in  30  ft.,  and  the  face  shows 
a  mixture  of  quartz  and  porphyry.  The 
south  winze  is  down  11  ft.,  with  good  ore 
at  the  bottom.  The  winze  80  ft.  south  of 
the  north  line  is  up  112  ft.,  and  the  face  of 
it  shows  good  ore.  The  north  winze  is 
down  80  f t. ,  with  its  bottom  in  good  ore. 
On  the  first  floor  the  vein  is  stoped  out  155 
ft.  south  from  the  north  line,  and  the 
breasts  are  still  in  good  ore.  The  second, 
third,  fourth  and  fifth  floors  are  all  look- 
ing finely.  Good  ore  in  all  directions.  At 
the  900-ft.  level  the  east  cross-cut  from  the 
south  drift  is  in  67  ft.,  and  its  face  still 
shows  good  ore.  Last  week  700  tons  of 
ore  were  taken  from  the  Hale  and  Norcross 
mine,  and  1,000  tons  from  the  Savage 
mine,  the  latter  assaying  $27.20  per  ton. 
The  dump  of  both  mines  are  full,  there- 
fore but  little  ore  is  being  taken  out. 
There  is  some  talk  of  the  Savage  suspend- 
ing operations  for  a  while  until  ore  can  be 
again  transported  to  the  mills.  There  is 
plenty  of  good  ore  developed  in  the  mine, 
but  it  is  not  expedient  to  take  it  out  at 
present.  "" 

WHITE  PINE. 

Bullion. — White  Pine  News,  Dec.  23  : 
W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  to-day  to  London, 
for  Eberhardt  &  Aurora  M.  Co.,  ( limited  ) 
7  bars  of  bullion. 

Since  last  report,  the  Eberhardt  &  Au- 
rora Co.'s  mines  have  improved.  In  the 
South  drift,  running  from  the  Lady's 
chamber,  an  immense  body  of  ore  is  in 
sight,  and  the  size  of  the  ore-body  in- 
creases daily.  A  strike  was  made  in  the 
Iceberg — one  of  the  South  Aurora  Co.'s 
mines — of  a  higher  grade  of  ore  than 
usually  taken  out.  Work  in  the  Original 
Hidden  Treasure  and  South  Aurora  tun- 
nels is  steadily  going  ahead,  to  cut  the 
mineral  below  the  workings. 

North  Aurora. — The  usual  force  of  men 
are  employed  in  the  Bisdale  chamber 
breaking  down  ore  and  hoisting  to  the 
surface,  for  shipment  by  tramway.  There 
is  already  a  large  amount  of  ore  on  the 
dumps  from  the  Bisdale  chamber.  In  the 
Lady's  chamber  the  amount  of  ore  in  sight 
is  immense.  The  south  drift  from  the 
Lady's  chamber  shows  the  finest  body  of 
ore  ever  developed  in  the  State.  There  is 
a  quarter  of  a  million  of  dollars  in  sight  in 
the  Lady's  chamber  and  south  drift  since 
the  mine  was  last  reported  on  ;  and  there 
is  no  limit  to  the  ore-body  as  yet — or,  in 
other  words,  there  is  no  wall  either  east 
or  west.  It  is  expected  that  the  Ward 
Beecher  will  connect  with  the  Lady's 
chamber  in  a  few  days. 

Eberhardt.  —The  ore  in  the  Keystone 
shaft  has  improved  since  last  week  in  the 
grade  and  quantity.  Work  will  not  be 
resumed  in  the  open  cut  until  the  weather 
is  favorable.  Working  the  usual  force  of 
men. 

East  Sheboygan. — Since  last  mentioned, 
connections  have  been  made  from  the  dif- 
ferent workings,  and  a  force  of  men  com- 
menced stoping  out  in  the  original  tunnel. 
The  ore  taken  out  during  the.winter  will 
be  piled  on  the  dumps  to  be  worked  by 
the  Company's  mill,  which  is  proposed  to 
be  erected  in  the  spring. 

South  Ex.  of  Hidden  Treasure.— The 
drift  running  North  from  the  Anchor  in- 
cline is  progressing  rapidly,  and  the  indi- 


January  6,  1872.I 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS! 


cations  are  favorable.  The  appearance  in 
the  main  shaft  (  situated  ou  the  North  end 
of  the  ground  )  is  better  than  reported  lust 
week. 

Iceberg. — A  strike  of  rich  ore  was  made 
in  the  mine  the  past  week.  Heretofore 
the  grade  of  the  ore  has  been  of  a  fair 
milling  quality,  but  the  great  improve- 
ment in  the  quality  of  the  ore  since  we 
last  visited  the  mine  astonishes  us. 

Great  Western. — Work  is  suspended 
for  the  winter.  Since  fall  the  amount  of 
shaft  work  done  is  150  ft.  and  the  levels 
run  will  foot  up  07  ft.  There  is  a  large 
body  of  ledge  matter  in  sight,  but  the 
average  assay  will  not  go  over  810  per  ton. 
Operations  will  commence  early  in  the 
spring,  and  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  a 
good  body  of  ore  will  be  opened  out. 

Slow  Drop  Shaft. — Fair  headway  is 
made  sinking,  aud  no  change  to  report  in 
the  appearance  Oi  the  rock.  The  foreman 
of  the  works  is  sangnine  of  opening  out  a 
largo  body  of  ore  after  the  shaft  is  down 
to  the  proper  depth. 

Noonday. — The  ore  in  the  breast  grades 
the  same  as  to  quality  as  reported  last. 
The  thickness  of  the  ore-body  has  in- 
creased. The  amount  of  ore  hoisted  daily 
is  about  threo  tons.  The  usual  force  of 
iin-ii  at  work. 

Ward  Beecher. — The  shaft  in  the  east 
end  of  the  mine  is  going  down  in  ore  of 
average  milling  grade.  The  object  in 
view  is  to  connect  with  the  drift  running 
east  from  the  Lady's  chamber. 

Edoar.— The  parties  working  the  mine 
are  taking  out  ore  that  will  mill  better 
than  the  last  lot  crushed,  and  feel  satisfied 
of  opening  out  a  still  higher  grade  of  ore 
in  a  few  days. 

Silver  Wave. — Work  progresses  in  the 
Lyford,  Perkins,  Chamberlain  and  No.  i 
shafts  as  usual.  The  contractors  are  mak- 
ing good  headway. 

South  Aurora. — Tunneling  and  shaft- 
ing goes  ahead  as  usual.  The  contractors 
are  making  good  headway. 

Gen  Lee. — The  Supt.  informs  us  that 
work  will  be  resumed  in  a  few  weeks  by 
contract. 

Outside  Districts. — Ptermont. — The 
mill  shut  down  for  repairs,  but  will  start 
up  again  in  a  fews  days.  Since  we  last 
made  a  note  of  the  Piermont  Co.'s  mines 
the  ore  has  improved  in  grade,  and  the 
ledge  has  increased  in  width.  The  ore- 
body  is  between  7  and  8  ft.  wide,  and 
there  is  a  breast  opened  150  ft.  long.  The 
whole  underground  force  will  be  at  work 
stoping  out  when  the  mill  starts  up. 

Schell  Crekk  Mines. — The  mill  of  the 
Ruby  M.  &  M.  Co.  will  start  up  on  ore 
from  the  Cow  &  Calf,  one  of  the  best 
mines  in  the  Schell  Creek  Range,  and  af- 
terward will  commence  on  ore  from  the 
Silver  Bluff,  lately  leased  by  the  Co.  As 
far  as  heard  from,  the  mines  throughout 
the  range  are  looking  well.  The  Mc- 
Mahon  shows  the  usual  fine  body  of  ore, 
and  is  represented  to  be  second  to  no 
mine  in  the  Dist. 

San  Juan  Del  Rio. — Work  was  sus- 
pended for  a  few  days,  on  account  of  the 
stormy  weather,  but  operations  com- 
menced again  this  week,  and  a  seam  of 
rich  chloride  ore  was  developed.  The 
general  appearance  of  the  mine  has  im- 
proved since  last  reported.  The  Supt.  in- 
forms us  that  he  will  commence  shipping 
to  mill  immediately  after  the  holidays. 

Pioche. — The  Panaca  mine,  belonging 
to  the  Raymond  &  Ely  Co.,  is  showing  an 
extensive  body  of  ore.  The  Pioche,  Alps 
and  American  Flag  mines  come  up  to  the 
expectations  of  the  managers. 

Mills. — International. — Running  on 
Company  rock. 

Manhattan. — Running  on  tailings;  will 
shut  down  for  repairs  in  a  few  days. 

Standford. — Running  on  tailings. 

Big  Smoky. — Running  on  Hidden  Treas- 
ure custom  rock. 

Swansea. — Running  on  East  Sheboyan 
ore. 

British  Columbia. 

Cariboo. — British  Colonist,  Deo.  21:  On 
Williams  Creek  mining  operations  have 
been  retarded  by  the  severe  weather,  on 
account  of  which  work  has  been  suspen- 
ded in  the  principal  claims.  The  Ballarat 
has  commenced  washing  underground,  and 
the  Cariboo  Co.  are  preparing  to  do  like- 
wise. On  French  Creek  the  Ambrose  Co. 
has  found  good  prospects  on  the  high 
rock.  The  Black  Bull  Co.  are  engaged  in 
getting  their  steam  engine  to  the  claim. 
On  Jack  of  Clubs  Creek,  the  Two  Sisters 
Co.  had  got  into  the  channel  and  obtained 
excellent  prospects.  The  First  Chance  Co., 
on  the  same  creek  continue  to  get  average 


pay. 

During  Nov.  gold  to  the  value  of  $75,- 
415  was  assayed  at  the  Government  Assay 
Office. 

Omineoa. — The    Gold    Commissioner's 


report,  dated  Oct.  23d,  says:  "  It  is  diffi- 
cult to  ascertain  the  amount  of  gold  taken 
from  the  Omineca  mines  during  the  pres- 
ent season,  but  the  returns  that  have  been 
furnished  to  me  by  the  foreman  of  the 
principal  Co.  show  a  yield  of  §300,000, 
and  to  this  may  be  added  not  less  than 
$100,000  more,  taken  away  in  the  hands  of 
which  there  is  no  return,  making  in  all 
$400,000." 

Paine  Claim.— Simulant,  Dec.  20:  The 
Paiue  claim  on  Germansen  creek  produced 
to  3  hands  this  season  $19,000  gold  dust, 
and  thero  was  but  little  expense  connected 
therewith.  Besides  this,  specimens  of 
nearly  pure  silver,  copper  and  platinum 
have  been  taken  out  of  this  claim. 

Idaho. 

Shipped. — Owyhee  Avalanche,  Dec.  23: 
W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  from  here  yesterday 
4  bars  of  bullion,  valued  at  $8,060.50. 

Nick  Zapp  aud  others  have  located  3,000 
ft.  squaro  of  placer  mining  ground  between 
the  Oro  Fino  mine  and  Cape  Horn.  Good 
prospects  have  been  obtained  and  it  is 
thought  that  the  ground  will  pay  well. 

Mining  Record. — The  North  Discovery 
of  the  Oro  Fino  is  yielding  a  large  amount 
of  ore.  It  is  reported  that  a  very  rich 
strike  has  just  been  made  in  that  mine. 

The  South  Oro  Fino,  is  yielding  from 
25  to  30  tons  of  ore  per  day,  which  is  be- 
ing crushed  at  the  Elmore  mill.  This  mine 
is  so  well  opened  that  about  a  ton  of  ore 
to  the  man  is  being  daily  taken  out,  at  a 
cost  to  exceed  $5  per  ton.  There  are  about 
400  tons  ahead  of  the  mill. 

During  the  past  week  a  rich  strike  has 
been  made  in  the  11th  level  of  the  El- 
more 130  ft.  north  of  the  slip  in  the  mine. 
Fifty  or  sixty  dollar  ore  with  a  2  ft.   vein. 

The  Golden  Chariot  is  yielding  fine 
looking  ore  from  both  the  5th  and  8th 
levels.  Additional  hands  have  been  put 
to  work. 

The  Minnesota  is  looking  splendidly. 
The  last  contract  for  100  ft.  of  shaft  is  com- 
pleted which  makes  it  230  ft.  deep.  And 
now,  3  drifts  are  let  to  run  from  the  main 
shaft — one  north  and  two  south:  As  soon 
as  these  drifts  are  in  far  enough ;  stoping 
will  commence.  There  are  already  out  at 
the  mine  over  100  tons  of  ore  that  will 
yield  at  least  $40  or  50  per  ton,  and  will 
be  milled  about  the  last  of  this  month. 

The  Mahogany  shaft  is  going  down  for 
the  5th  level.  About  the  first  of  next 
month  the  shaft  will  be  down  far  enough 
to  be  out  of  the  way  of  cutting  the  ledge 
at  the  4th  level,  which  will  then  be   done. 

The  South  Chariot  is  yielding  fine  ore 
from  the  4th  level  lately  struck  by  Pete 
Nick,  who  is  running  the  drift.  It  is  $35 
or  $40  ore,  with  a  large  ledge.  The  ore 
from  the  drift  will  be  crushed  during  tho 
coming  week. 

The  War  Eagle  continues  to  yield  a  fine 
quality  of  ore. 

Gold  Shipment. — Idaho  World,  Dec. 
21:  During  Nov.  the  bank  of  DuRoll  & 
Co.,  shipped  below,  gold  bars  of  the  ag- 
gregate value  of  $100,892.17. 

Montana. 

Quartz. — Helena  Herald,  Dec.  21:  Work 
on  the  gold  quartz  ledge  "Red  Bluff,"  be- 
low Sterling,  in  the  Hot  Springs  Dist.  is 
being  vigorously  prosecuted  by  J.  Lounds 
who  is  obtaining  good  results.  The  ore, 
which  is  of  a  superior  quality,  is  being 
worked  in  aarstras.  The  quartz  yield  is 
said  to  abundant,  and  the  profit  quite  sat- 
isfactory. 

Silver  Stab. — Deer  Lodge  Independent, 
Dec.  23:  Porter,  Harper  &  Ellis  have 
bought  the  Iron  Rod  lode  and  mill,  and 
intend  starting  it  up  immediately.  The 
Green  Campbell  mill  is  shut  down  for  the 
present,  the  (Jo.  being  engaged  in  putting 
a  shaft  in  the  mine  for  the  purpose  of 
erecting  hoisting  works.  Tripp  &  Ainsly's 
mill  is  frozen  up.  Porter  &  Meagher's 
new  mill  has  made  one  run  from  the  Nug- 
get lode,  which  proved  successful.  Quartz 
interests  generally  are  looking  well  in  Sil- 
ver Star  and  Iron  Rod  dists. 

Panning  Out. — Helena  Gazette,  Dec. 
25:  The  Pittsburg  mill  has  been  crushing 
on  the  Jaw  Bone  lode,  in  the  vicinity  of 
St.  Louis  with  good  success  producing 
$1,200  from  50  tons  of  rock. 

Utah. 

Bullion.— S.  L.  Tribune,  Deo.  27:  W.  F. 
&  Co.,  received,  Dec.  19  seven  bars  of  bul- 
lion 786  lbs  valued  at  $7,853.53,  from 
Meadow  Valley  Co.,  consigned  to  New 
York.  On  the  26  they  received  from  same 
place  and  Co.,  6  bars,  worth  $6,638,  also 
consigned  to  New  York. 

Idaho  Mine. — This  mine,  discovered 
and  developed  nearCorinne  promises  well. 

Little  Cottonwood.-Coi\  same:  Among 
the  most  promising  of  the  Little  Cotton- 
wood mines  are  the  Last-Chance  and  Hia- 
watha, which  have  consolidated,  and  are 
about  300  feet  in  a  westerly  direction  from 


the  Montezuma  and  about  1,500  ft.  from 
the  celebrated  Emma  mine.  The  Hiawatha 
was  discovered  iE  June  1870,  by  J.  DeB- 
puin;  who  with  others,  located  3,000  ft. 
thereon,  but  afterward  Bold  out  to  the 
present  owners  who  have  since  continued 
the  discovery  shaft  to  the  depth  of  125  ft. 
exposing  a  well  defined  vein  of  ore,  of  an 
average  thickness  of  about  20  inches. 
Samples  taken  from  the  bottom  of  this 
shaft  and  assayed  gave  $282.76  silver  per 
ton  and  50  per  cent,  metallic  lead;  but  the 
general  average  assay  of  ores  from  this 
shaft,  of  which  about  40  tons  are  on  the 
dump,  although  carrying  about  50  percent 
of  load,  contains  only  50  ozs.  of  silver  to 
the  ton.  The  course  of  the  Hiawatha  is 
nearly  north  and  south,  while  that  of  the 
Last  Chance  is  northeast  and  southwest, 
and  possesses  all  the  features  of  a  true  fis- 
sure running  diagonally  to  formation,  or 
country  rock. 

It  is  opened  at  3  points  by  inclined 
shafts — one  90,  one  45,  and  one  20  ft. — 
showing  a  continued  vein  of  high  grade 
ore  for  a  distance  of  more  than  200  ft.  in 
length,  and  of  an  average  thickness  of 
about  2%  ft.  2,121  lbs.  taken  at  the  depth 
oifiO  ft.  sampled  and  assayed,  gave  29  per 
cent,  lead,  and  $308  in  silver  per  ton.  15,- 
000  lbs.  were  sold  at  $52  per  ton. 


San  Francisco  Mining  Stock  Market 

Thubsoay  Eve.,   Jan.4, 1872. 

Mining  stocks  were  in  active  demand  during 
the  week.  The  sales  at  the  Stock  Board  for  the 
week  ending  December  27th  were  $1,780,000. 

There  was  no  meeting  of  the  Board  on  Sat- 
urday or  Monday. 

The  stockholders  of  the  Daney  Mining  Com- 
pany have  unanimously  voted  to  increase  their 
capital  stock  from  ",000  shares  of  $60  each,  to 
24,000  shares  of  $100  each.  As  soon  as  the 
necessary  papers  can  be  prepared,  holders  will 
be  presented  with  the  new  issue  at  the  rate  of 
three  shares  for  one. 

During  the  ensuing  week,  $50,000  is  expected 
to  be  received  from  the  Raymond  &  Ely  mine. 
On  the  29th  December,  $22,000  was  shipped 
from  the  Chollar-Potosi  mine.  Thus  far  on 
December  account,  $101,700  has  been  received 
from  the  Meadow  Valley  mine.  Only  78  tons 
ore  were  taken  from  the  Hale  &  Norcross  mine 
last  week,  and  450  tons  from  Savage  mins,  the 
latter  assaying  $31.26  per  ton.  During  the  past 
week,  133  tons  ore  were  raised  from  the  North 
Star  (Grass  Valley)  mine.  The  quantity  re- 
duced was  208  tons,  leaving  120  tons  on  the 
dumps.  The  Superintendent  expects  to  "be 
able  to  make  monthly  shipments  large  enough 
to  make  up  for  the  time  stockholders  have  been 
without  dividends." 

B.  F.  Sherwood,  William  Sharon,  and  K.  F. 
Morrow  have  been  elected  Trustees  of  the  Cen- 
tral Mining  Co. 

The  Board  commenced  operations  in  Septem- 
ber, 1862.  The  annual  sales  compiled  by  the 
Commercial  Herald  are  as  follow: 

1861 $25,832,715  I  1868 $115,913,119 

1865 -10.-/05.820    1869 69,089.731 

1868 32.835,89*    1HT0 51,186,1,50 

1867 66,271,577  1 1871 127.191,631 

The  sales  for  the  past  year  have  been  actually 
$20,000,000  in  excess  of  the  amount  for  the  first 
three  years.  The  nearest  approach  to  the  activ- 
ity which  has  prevailed  during  the  year  just 
closed  was  in  1868.  The  monthly  sales  of  the 
Board  for  the  two  noted  years  compare  as  fol- 
lows: 

1888  1871. 

January $8,698,934  $7,686,931 

February 9.716,596  7,256,615 

March 11,471.630  12,758,146 

April 12.385,304  9,770,935 

Itfay 10,162.396  12.511,516 

June      9,073.063  13.470,665 

July 8,474998  9.744.269 

AuBUBt 11,612,001  10,536,471 

September 10,578,581  11.197,375 

October 10.519.442  14,762,764 

November 6,148,601  9,104,458 

December          7,097,393  8,391,423 

Totals $115,913,119   $127,191,631 

The  months  of  August,  September  and  October, 
in  each  year,  were  remarkably  active. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory — Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  In  the  ScntN- 
tific  PBXfiti  and  other  San  Francisco  Journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

SAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DAT.  OF  ASSESSMENT  DELINQUENT.      Or  BALE. 

Alltambra  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  9,  SOc.Jan.  1:1— Feb.  5* 
Cherokee  Flat,  Butte  Co..  Jan.  3,  $2.50. ..Feb.  6-Feb.  23 

Con.  Vir.,  Nev..  Nov.  9,  $1.50 Dec.  13— Jan.  6 

Daney,  Lyon  Co.,  Nev.,  Nov.  27,  $1 Dec.  30— Jan.  18 

Baffle  QuickBilver,  Cal.,  Oct.  30,  $40 Jan.  6— Jan.  8* 

El  Dorado  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Dec.  7,  25c Jan.  16— Feb.  6 

Ely  Consolidated.  Nev.,  Nov.  27,  50c Jan.  8— Jan.  30 

Oolden  Churlot,  Idaho,  Nov.  15.  $3 Dec.  23— JflTi.  15 

General  Lee  8.  M.  Co..  W.  P,  Dec.  5,  lOc.Jan.  10— Jan.  30 

Hale  k  NurcrosB,  Nev..  Dec.  14,  $5 Jan.  18- Feb.  7 

Ida  Ellmo  e.  Idaho.  Dec.  30  $3.00 Jan.  31— March  4 

.luckson  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Dec.  8,  25c Jan.  10 — Jun.  29 

Kincald  Flat  M.  Co.,  Dec.  ll$2.50 Jan.  17— Feb.  7» 

Knickerbocker M.  Co.,  Storey  Co..  N.,Dec.4-50c  Jan  7, 26 
Lillian  HaUM.Co.,Ely.DlBt.,Nov.l6,  5Uc.,Dec.27,  Jan.  23 
Magnolia,  Eureka  Diet..  Nov.  27,  25o. . .  .Dec.  29— Jan.  19 
Muhogany  M.  Co.,  Idaho,  Nov.  11,  $2. ..Dec.  19— Jan.  10 

Mammoth,  White  Pine,  Dec.  13,  10c Jan.  18— Feb.  8 

Meadow  Valley.  Ely  Dist.,  Nov.  27.  50c... Jun.  9— Jan.  81 

MlnaRlca  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Nov.  15.20c Dec  18— Jan.  8* 

Monitor  fi:  Magnet.  N.  T.  Dec.  4.  25c Jan.  23— Feb.  17 

Nevada  Con.  Borax  Co.,  Nov,  29,  5  ctB..Jau.  lO-^Jan,  29* 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nov..  Dec.  20,  $2 Jan.  24— Feb.  14 

Grig.  Hid.  Treasure,  W.  P.,  Nov.  24,  $1.50.  Jun  3— Jan  25 

Overman,  Nev.,  Nov.  20,  $4 Dec.  25 — Jan.  23 

Overman!  Nev.,  Nov.  25,  $2 Dec.  29 — Jan.  1G 

Peter  Walter,  Pla  erCo.  Cal.,  Nov.  14,  75c,  Dec.20-.lan.  9 
Pnamix,  Lander  Co.,  Nev.,  Nov.  21, 50c.  Dec.  27,-Jon.  16 
Pioche  W.  Ex.  Ely  Dist.,  Nov.  23,  $1.50.  .Jan.  4— Jan.  27 
Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal..  Nov.  29,  $5. .Jan.  6— Jan.  30* 
Quail  Hill  M.  and  W.  Co.,  Dec.  19,  $5. .Jun.  23— Feb.  13* 
Silver  Wave,  White  Pine,  Deo.  19,  $3.. Jun.  26— Feb.  23* 
Spring  Mount  Co.,  Ely  DiBt,  Nov.  27,  50c. Jan.  7— Jan.  29 
Starlight  O.  and  S.  M.  Co..  Nov.  1,  25c. Dec  11-  Jan.  2* 
South  ChariotM.Co.OwyheeCo.Id.,Nov.7,$l  Dec.J8,.Ian.8 
Succor.  M.  M.  Co.,  O.  H.,  Jan.  3,  $1.50... Feb  6  -Feb.  27 

Tecumseh  G.  8.  &  C.  Co.,  Dec.  5.  $3 Jan.  9— Jan.  30* 

Tallnlah  M.Co.,  Humboldt  Co.  Nov., Nov  29-$I,Jan  8,  30 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  4.  $1,00 Feb.  5— Feb.  26* 

Washington  &  Creole,  Nev,  Nov.  27, 50c. .  .Jan.  6 — Feb.  1 
MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Amador  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  15 

Cons.  Virgiuia Animal  Meeting,  Jan.  11 

Ely  Consolidated Annual  Meeting.  Jan.    4 

Emerald  Hill Annual  Meeting,  Jan.    9 

Gold  Hill  Quartz  M.  &  M.  Co..  .Annual  Meeting  Jan.  15 
Meadow  Valley.  East  Ex.  Co.... Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  26 

Pioche,  West  Extension  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  23 

Itaymond  &  Ely Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  16 

Bedington  Quicksilver  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Jan.  9 

San  Juan,  Del.,  Bio.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.    8 

San  Juan  Del  Bio  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  8 

Sierra  Nevada  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  8 

Ward  Beecher Annual  Meotiug,  Jan.  8 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Dec.  II 

Eureka  Cons.,  $1 Payable  Oct.  20 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  6 

Meadow  Valley,  $1.60 Payable  Dec.  15 

Baymond  A:  Ely,  $5 Payable  Dec.  18 

Succor  Mill  and  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  Oct.  16 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  Dec.  5 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


Comparative  Prices — Extremes,  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 


Dec.  28,  Wiilict. 


Alpha $■ 

Belcher 450 

Buckeye — 

Chollar-PotOBi..  335S 

Caledonia  14Su 

Cons.  Virginia...  16 
Crown  Point. ...415 

Daney 7 

Eureka  Cons....  21Ja 
Gould  A  Curry. .114^ 
Golden  Chariot..  29 
Hale  A  Norcross.  131 

Imperial — 

Ida  Elmore 15% 

Kentuok 150 

Meadow  Valley..  24 

Ophir 32% 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.    8 

Overman 30 

Pioche 107a         ' 

Raymond  &  Ely.  82  1 

Savago  46 

Sierra  Nevada...  — 
Wash.  A  Creole..    5Jb 
Yellow  Jacket. ..  — 

St.  Patrick 40 

Seg.   Belcher,...  35)4 

Latest  Prices- 

BID.  ASKED, 

Alpha  Oons —  — 

Amador — 

Belcher 470 

Chollar-Potosi..      27% 
Crown  Point....    460 

Daney — 

Eureka  Cons —      26 

Eureka  22 

Golden  Chariot.  26 
Gould  A  Curry.  107 
Hale  A  Norcross    136 


Lowest.    Jan. 
13% 


IBM 

18 

470 

7 

WV. 
116 

29  a 

136* 


160 
27 
S9% 


410 
7 

22% 
106 

26 
130 

41 

K'4 
116'? 

is'4 

31% 
29$ 


33 
b-4 


475 


470 

107 

26^ 
136  Hi 

42 

17>j 
150 

21 

39% 

Si 


«0 

3« 


7% 
I 


MX         2-tf 


475 
38 
160 


22  Li 
2«^ 

136'a 


Bid  and  Asked. 

(DID.  ASKED 

Tda  Elmore 17  17>* 

Imperial] 40  42 

Kentuck ...149  160 

Meadow  Valley..     20  20,'^ 

Ophir 38&  39 

Orig.  Hid.  Traaa       8>fii  9 

Overman 36  37 

Savage 48J£  48 

Raymond  A  Ely     85  85 

Sierra  Nevada...      —  61$ 

Yellow  Jacket..      &)%  —% 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  HookeriCo.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street, ] 

PRICES  FOR   INVOICES 

fo'ibing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  imitation*. 

Thursday,  January  4th,  1871 

Iron.— Duty;  Pig,  $7  ft  ton :  Railroad,  60c  ft  100  lbs ;  Bar, 
lfnjl'.icft  tb;  Sheet,  polished, 'Jc  ft  lb;  common.  ll2(sH,c 
ft  1W  fPlate,  l'-cft  lb:  Pipe,  l'^oft  ft  ;  Galvanized,  2Sc  ft  tb. 

Scotota  andlEnglish  Pig  Iron,  ft  ton $52  50    @  55  00 

White  Pig,  ft  ton 45  00    @-- 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ft  m —  04    ®  —  05 

Refined  Bur,  good  assortment,  ft  lb —  05    @  —  06 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4  —  05    @ 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  -    ®  -  05 

SheeVNo.  10  to  13 —  05><gl 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —  06    @ 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —06    @ 

HorseShoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod g 

Norway  Iron »?e 

Rolled  Iron ■,-■••„-.■. 5,     ^ 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths.  Miners,  etc.      5     @  6 

Copper.— Duty;    Sheathing,  3)£c  ft  lb;  Pig  and  Bar,  2^o 

Sheathing,  ft  ft 

Sheathing,  Yellow — 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow 

Composition  Nails 

Composition  Bolts 

Tin  Plates.— Duty :  25  ft  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Plates.  Charcoal,  IX  ft  hoi 12  00 

Plates,  ICCharcoal 10  00 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

Banca  Tin.  Slabs,  ft  lb 

Steel.— English  Cast,  ft  ft 

Drill 

Flat  Bar 

Plough  Points  —  v 

Russia  (for  mould^hoardB) 

Quicksilver.— ft  ft 

Lead.— Pig,  ft  ft 

Sheet 

Pipe 

Bar 

ZiNC-ShBets,  ft  ft 

Borax.— Refined 

Borax,  crude 


16 

17 

17 

20 

3  75 

12% 

—  85 

-05% 
-OS 

Z°|g 

-   9 

—  10 

.  08 

—  09 

-  10 

-10% 

—  25 

-  30 

Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weeily  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.(  No.  109  Post  St.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  January  4. 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  tlnn. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  ft  ft 26@29 

Santa  Crux  Leather,  ft  ft 26®29 

Country  Leather,  ft  ft ..........25©28 

The  market  is  well  supplied  with  Irench  stocks,  and 
prices  have  a  downward  tendency.  Heavy  California  skins 
are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8Kil.,  perdoz *«0  00® 

Jodot.  11  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz ib  00©  95  00 

Jodot,  second  choice.  11  to  15  Kd.  ft  doz W  00iq)  80  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  19  Kil  ,ft  doz  95  00® 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  OOfi 

Comcllian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 72  OOfi 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  perdoz 65  OOfj 

Ogerau  Calf,  ft  doz 54  00% 

Simon,  18  Kil.,%  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  ft  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  ft  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00(2 

French  Kipe,  ft  lb ,1  '0®  m 

CaliforniaKip.ftdoz  65  00to80  00 

French  Sht>ep,  all  colors,  ft  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs, ft  lb 115®    1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ftdoz....    8  00@  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Lininga.ft  doz  5  50®  10  50 

California  Rusaett  Sht»ep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Beat  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair  5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Logs,  ft  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ft  lb , 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  ft  doz 

Skirting  Leather,  ft  lb 

Welt  Leather,  ft  doz 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ft  foot 


■i70  00 
)70  00 


'in  00 


.  30  W 


The  Hog  Crop  of  Ohio  for  1871  is  esti- 
mated at  1,008,571  hogs— an  increase  of 
forty  per  cent,  over  that  of  1870. 


SCIENTIFIC1  PRES& 


[January  6,  1872. 


The  Sponge. 

Editobs  Pkess: — Will  you  give  through  the 
columns  of  your  valuable  journal  some  infor- 
mation about  the  preparation  and  bleaching  of 
the  sponge,  and  oblige  many  of  your  readers 
besides  T.  Meimngs. 

San  Francisco,  Dec.  1871. 
The  recent  discovery  of  sponge  on  the  coast  of 
Santa  Barbara  has  attracted  considerable  atten- 
tion to  the  possibility  of  adding  the  production 
of  that  article  to  the  numerous  and  varied  in- 
dustries of  California.    There  is  a  great  range 
in  the  form  and  relative  fineness  and  softness 
of  the  sponge,  varying  in  the  latter  particular 
all  the  way  from  the  velvety  and  almost  white 
sponges  employed  in  the  toilet,  to  those  of  so 
stiff  and  compact  texture,  as  to  crumble  easily 
when  dry.  their  harshness  rendering  them  en- 
tirely useless  in  the  arts.    The  different  varie- 
ties are  sometimes  known  as  sheep-wool,  vel- 
vet, glove,  yellow,  hard  head  and  grass.   Those 
found  on  the  coast  near  San  Buenaventura,  ac- 
cording to  the  Signal,  are  of  very  fine  quality,  and 
although  cast  up  upon  beach,  bear  every  evi_ 
dence  of  having  their  origin  in  that  immediate 
vicinity.  Some  sponges  live  in  very  deep  water, 
others  in  shallow,  and  they  greatly  increase  in 
size  and  number  from  cold  to  warm  latitudes. 
The  sponges  of  commerce  are  mostly  ob- 
tained from  the  Mediterranean  and  the  Bahamas. 
At  the  port  of  Nassau  about  30,000  pounds  are 
gathered  annually.    The  French  and  Austrian 
Governments  have  begun  to  raise  the  sponge 
artificially,  and  the  experiment  has  been  pro- 
nounced not  only  successful  but  very  profita- 
ble.   The  sponge  may  be  as  easily  transplanted 
as  the  oyster.    It  is  propagated  naturally  by 
little  hairy  germs,  carried  out  of  the  body  of 
the  parent  by  currents,  which,  after  floating 
about  awhile,  much  like  the  oyster,  finally  at- 
tach themselves  to  a  rock  or  some  other  con- 
venient substance   and  then  commence  their 
permanent  growth.    If  a  young  and  vigorous 
sponge  is  taken  from  its  original  location  and 
transplanted — its  roots  being  properly  secured — 
it  will  continue  to  increase  in  growth,  and  also 
throw  off  germs  for  new  individuals.  The  pores 
of  the  sponge  are  its  mouths,  through  which  it 
receives  its  nourishment — its  roots  are  merely 
the  means  of  retaining  it  in  place,  not  for  re- 
ceiving nourishment. 

The  sponge  is  considered  the  connecting  link 
between  animal  and  vegetable  life.  A  jelly- 
like substance  fills  the  pores  of  the  living 
sponge,  which  may  be  considered  its  animal 
substance,  while  the  fibrous  material  which 
remains  after  that  is  removed — and  which  con- 
stitutes the  sponge  of  commerce — constitutes  its 
vegetable  substance. 

In  the  larger  and  coarser  varieties  the  animal 
matter  is  very  abundant,  and  of  a  sickish,  dis- 
agreeable odor,  and  soon  enters  into  putrefac- 
tion when  removed  from  the  rocks  and  brought 
to  the  surface.  Such  sponges  are  buried  in 
dry  sand  until  the  animal  matter  has  become 
thoroughly  putrefied,  when  they  are  placed  in 
iron  cages  and  subjected  to  the  action  of  the 
tides.  The  calcareous  matter,  which  is  also 
more  or  less  abundant  in  all  the  varieties,  is 
dissolved  out  by  immersion  of  the  sponge  in 
very  dilute  hydrochloric  acid.  They  are  first 
thus  soaked,  then  dried  and  beaten  until  all 
earthy  matters  have  been  removed. 

To  bleach  sponges,  the  finest  are  selected, 
and  after  the  above  treatment,  thoroughly 
washed  in  clear  water  and  then  submitted  to 
another  bath  (this  time  warm)  of  dilute  hydro- 
chloric acid,  in  which  G  per  cent,  of  hyposul- 
phate  of  soda  has  been  dissolved.  After 
remaining  in  this  bath  from  24  to  48  hours,  the 
sponge,  if  of  a  fine  variety,  will  be  as  white  as 
snow  or  "  sheep-wool " — the  name  by  which  it 
is  known. 

Sponges  are  found  as  far  north  as  Great 
Britain,  on  the  shore  of  which,  it  is  said,  not 
less  than  24  species  have  been  noticed.  The 
climate  of  the  southern  part  of  this  State  is 
probably  as  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  this 
article  as  are  the  French  and  Austrian  shores  of 
the  Mediterranean.  Experiments  in  their  culti- 
vation here  would  undoubtedly  meet  with  much 
success  and  profit. 

Sensation  in  Houses. —  The  fact  that 
horses  and  other  animals  with  broken 
limbs  do  not  appear  to  lose  their  appe- 
tites, have  led  some  scientific  men  to  raise 
the  question  whether  these  creatures  suffer 
as  much  under  the  circumstances  as  men 
do;  for  a  man  could  not  sit  quietly  down 
to  dinner  just  after  breaking  his  leg. 


The  Beet  Sugarie  at  Sacramento. 

We  condense  the  following  facts  with 
regard  to  the  Sacramento  Beet  Sugarie 
from  the  Saucelito  Herald: 

The  success  of  this  sugarie  has  more  than 
ordinary  interest,  because  the  process  is 
essentially  different  from  that  at  the  Al- 
varado.  The  two  processes  are  in  rivalry. 
The  Germans  at  Alvarado  insist  that  their 
system  is  superior ;  while  the  manages  at 
Sacramento,  also  Germans,  proclaim  their 
"Robert,  Diffusion  process"  cheaper  by 
thirty  per  cent,  in  cost  of  labor  and  in 
cost  of  construction,  and  richer  in  yield  of 
sugar. 

The  advocates  of  the  Alvarado  process, 
long  in  general  use,  say  the  sugaries  of 
Germany  which  had  been  changed  to 
the  Diffusion  system,  are  changing 
back  again;  while  Sacramento  has 
advices  of  opposite  import.  It  is  im- 
possible to  convey  an  intelligent  descrip- 
tion of  Robert's  process  without  diagrams. 
But  we  may  say  that,  while  beets  are 
rasped  at  Alvarado,  and  the  juice  extracted 
by  centrifugals;  at  Sacramento  the  beets 
are  cut  xn  thin  slices  and  macerated  in  cold 
water,  dispensing  with  the  use  of  centrif- 
ugals. It  is  claimed  that  the  juice  is 
thus  more  perfectly  extracted,  and  re- 
quires less  chemistry  in  purification.  Cer- 
tainly it  saves  much  power  and  costly  at- 
tendance, and  it  is  equally  certain  that, 
by  either  process,  sugar  making  in  Cali- 
fornia is  a  success. 

The  Herald  suggests  that  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce  of  this  city  invite  Mr.  Wads- 
worth,  of  Sacramento  to  give  a  public  lec- 
ture, with  diagrams  illustrating  both  pro- 
cesses, and  adds  that  while  counties  and 
cities  are  giving  aid  to  railways  it  should 
be  remembered  .that  beet  sugaries  also 
merit  consideration.  They  return  twenty- 
five  per  cent,  yearly  profit;  they  utilize 
1,000  acres  of  land  each;  each  gives  em- 
ployment to  at  least  125  hands,  directly; 
and  no  population  is  more  esteemed  in 
Europe  than  that  of  sugar  towns. 

It  may  be  added  that  the  sugarie  at  Al- 
varado has  inaugurated  a  system  which 
ensures  constant  occupation.  When  the 
stock  of  beets  are  worked  up,  the  mill  is 
converted  into  a  refinery  of  cheap  im- 
ported sugars,  which  is  also  very  prof- 
itable. 

The  sugarie  at  Sacramento  intends  to 
prolong  the  season  of  sugar  making  by 
planting  melons.  They  yield  sugar  equal 
to  beets,  and  the  crop  will  add  three 
months  earlier  milling.  Besides,  we  can 
grow  melons  on  soil  not  adapted  to  beets; 
and  the  melon  syrup  is  excellent  for  table 
use,  while  beet  syrup  is  fit  only  for  dis- 
tillation. 


An  Important  Discovert  inTanning. — 
It  appears,  from  investigation,  that  West- 
ern Texas  has,  in  inexhaustible  quantity 
two  of  the  best  tanning  materials  known 
to  the  world.  The  wood  as  well  as  the 
bark  of  the  mesquite.  a  species  of  timber 
that  abounds  in  great  quantity,  is  found  to 
be  rich  in  tannic  acid. — nearly  as  rich  as 
live  oak.  A  remarkable  and  important 
quality  of  the  tan  of  the  mesquite,  how- 
ever, is  that  instead  of  beginning  on  the 
surface,  it  strikes  through  and  through, 
incising  into  the  hide,  revealing  the  fact 
that  the  process  of  tanning  goes  on  in  the 
centre  equal  with  the  surface. 

The  experiments  made  are  said  to  have 
demonstrated  that  the  wood  of  the  mes- 
quite is  fully  equal  to  black-jack,  which 
stands  among  the  richest  barks  we  use  al- 
though the  live  oak  is  much  richer  than 
either.  A  letter  from  Texas  on  the  sub- 
ject says  the  discovery  will  have  a  very  im- 
portant effect  in  the  supply  of  our  country 
and  the  world  with  the  necessary  article  of 
leather,  the  demand  for  which  is  constant- 
ly on  the  increase.  The  interest  in  this 
discovery  and  its  value  increases  from  the 
fact  of  the  rapid  exhaustion  of  the  materi- 
als for  tanning  in  our  country,  and  in  many 
other  parts  of  the  world. 


Utilizing  Leaves. — Most  of  our  readers  are 
familiar  with  the  late  discovery  by  Mr.  E.  T. 
Bugbee,  of  Vermont,  of  the  new  use  of  leaves 
as  a  substitute  for  bark  in  tanning.  He  finds 
that  leaves  and  bark,  in  equal  proportions, 
make  better,  more  flexible,  and  smoother 
leather,  than  bark  alone,  while  the  work  is 
done  in  less  than  half  the  time. 

Some  of  the  French  economists  are  utilizing 
leaves  in  a  different  way  ;  which,  if  the  alleged 
discovery  of  Mr.  Bugbee  is  as  represented,  is 
rather  a  waste  than  otherwise.  It  is  said  that 
the  authorities  of  Paris  are  gathering  up  the 
leaves  which  fall  from  the  trees  in  the  parks  of 
that  city,  pressing  them,  by  machinery,  into 
hard  masses,  and  distributing  them  among  the 
poor  for  fuel. 


Transplanting  Large  Trees. 

The  transplanting  of  large  trees,  which 
it  is  now  well  understood  can  be  made  a 
success  by  proper  care  in  moving  with 
thorn  a  large  mass  of  earth,  would  be  much 
oftener  practiced  were  it  not  for  the  great 
difficulty  and  inconvenience  attendant 
upon  their  removal.  A  correspondent  of 
a  late  number  of  the  Country  Gentleman, 
however,  has  communicated  to  that  paper 
a  very  convenient  device,  by  which  the 
labor  of  such  work  is  greatly  simplified. 
The  trees  on  which  he  experimented  were 
arborvitses,  some  fifteen  feet  high,  trees 
which  it  is  well  known  are  extremely  diffi- 
cult to  transplant  with  success.  The 
weight  of  earth  which  he  removed  with 
the  trees  was  as  much  as  three  men  could 
lift. 

The  subjoined  diagram  conveys  a  very 
distinct  idea  of  the  manner  in  which  they 
were  taken  up.    A  cut  should  be  made  en- 


tirely round  the  tree,  and  two  or  more 
levers  might  be  used,  according  as  the  size 
of  the  tree  might  require.  After  the  lever 
is  placed  it  should  be  raised  up  as  high  as 
possible  to  insert  the  block  or  fulcrum,  and 
the  wedge  upon  top  should  be  driven  to 
its  place  after  the  fulcrum  is  adjusted. 
The  wedge  should  be  made  quite  broad, 
and  driven  well  under  the  roots.  If  prop- 
erly adjusted  and  proportioned  to  the  Bize 
of  the  tree,  the  latter  will  be  easily  raised. 

The  Air-Tight  Stove. 

The  most  economical  and  healthful  stove 
which  can  be  employed  for  heating  rooms 
is  the  "air  tight,"  and  wood  is  decidedly 
the  best  kind  of  fuel  to  be  employed.  In 
employing  such  stoves,  however,  care 
should  be  taken  that  a  small  vent  be  left 
open  for  the  escape  of  gases  up  the  flue, 
so  long  as  the  wood  continues  to  blaze. 
Green  and  even  dry  wood,  when  first 
lighted,  throws  off  large  quantities  of 
steam  and  gases,  incombustible  in  an  or- 
dinary "air  tight,"  which  must  be  allowed 
to  pass  off,  else  the  gases  will  either  grad- 
ually escape  into  the  room,  to  the  great 
detriment  of  health,  or  they  will  collect  in 
the  stove  until  sufficient  heat  is  genera- 
ted to  fire  them,  when  an  explosion  will 
come,  attended  with  unpleasant  if  not  dis- 
astrous consequences. 

Moreover,  so  long  as  the  wood  continues 
to  blaze,  whatever  the  quantity  put  in,  the 
stove  never  throws  out  so  much  heat  as  it 
does  after  the  wood  has  ceased  to  burn 
with  a  large  flame,  and  the  dampers  of  the 
stove  can  be  safely  closed.  In  a  sick  cham- 
ber, especially,  the  dampers  should 
never  be  closed  so  long  as  a  small  blue 
flame  is  observed  burning  over  the  bright 
embers. 

Lighting  the  Fire  in  a  Stove. 

Many  persons  have  often  noticed  the  ex- 
treme difficulty  encountered  in  lighting 
the  fire  in  a  stove  especially  in  a  still, 
damp  morning.  The  stove  at  first  won't  draw, 
even  vigorous  "blowing"  will  not  suffice; 
and  then  when  it  does  start,  it  is  with  a  sort 
of  an  explosion  or  outward  rush  of  air 
which  fills  the  room  with  smoke  and  gas, 
oftentimes  puffing  the  unpleasant  fumes 
into  the  face  of  the  operator. 

This  trouble  is  caused  by  the  difficulty 
encountered  in  overcoming  the  inertia  of 
the  long  column  of  air  in  the  pipe  or  chim- 
ney, by  the  small  volumn  of  air  that  can 
be  forced  up  through  the  interstices  of 
the  wood  and  coal,  at  the  bottom  of  which 
the  fire  is  kindled.  All  this  may  be  remedied 
by  simply  putting  a  few  shavings  or  bits  of 
dry  paper  on  the  top  of  the  wood  or  coal, 
andfirstlighting  that,  it  immediately  bursts 
into  a  blaze,  because  the  air  has  perfectly 
free  access  to  it  from  all  sides,  the  heated 
air  forces  its  way  into  the  chimney  and 
establishes  there  an  upward  current.  The 
match  can  then  be  applied  to  the  kindling 
under  the  fuel  which  will  readily  light 
and,  if  dry,  burst  into  a  brisk  blaze. 


Box  Hunters. — Two  brothers  of  Treka, 
aged  16  and  17  years  respectively,  have, 
this  season,  killed  seven  bears,  two  of  them 
grizzlies,  a  large  nnmber  of  deer,  and 
found  thirty-seven  bee  trees,  and  attended 
school  during  term  time. 


The  Movements  of  Insects. 

In  the  sultry  noontide,  seated  under  the 
shadowy  grapevine,  I  often  admire  the 
busy  black  ants  marching  up  and  down  or 
pausing  to  milk  their  aphide  cows  that 
feast  sumptuously  on  the  delicate,  juicy 
young  tendrils  of  the  vine.  Then,  as  the 
day  declines,  I  love  to  rest  on  the  hillside 
and  gaze  on  the  myriad  of  insects  floating 
in  cloud-like  masses  over  the  valley,  and 
reflecting  the  light  of  the  sun  now  fast 
sinking  in  the  west.  Almost  simultane- 
ously with  their  swarming,  the  evening 
birds  dart  suddenly  from  secret  recesses, 
and  devour  with  wide  extended  jaws  and 
unsuspended  flight  their  bountiful  evening 
meal.  Why  can  I  never  see  these  birds  in 
the  act  of  coming?  Verily,  the  work  of 
the  fifth  day  of  creation  seems  daily  re- 
peated, and  "  fowl  fly  above  the  earth  in 
the  open  firmament  of  heaven." 

The  groups  of  gay  insects  that  sported 
in  the  sunshine,  their  heads  turned  wind- 
ward as  though  enjoying  the  draught  of 
the  warm  summer  breeze  or  the  aerial  food 
thus  wafted  to  them  unsought,  disappear 
with  the  setting  of  the  sun.  Then  the 
sphinxes  and  the  night  beetles  turn  out  in 
force,  and  the  large  hawkmoths  hover 
round  the  phoix  of  the  garden,  and  silently 
exercise  that  "right  to  life,  liberty  and 
the  pursuit  of  happiness,"  which  the 
cricket,  the  katydid  and  their  fellow  mu- 
sicians noisily  assert. 

The  men  of  this  generation  rejoice  in 
their  conquests  over  time  and  space,  in 
their  iron  horses  and  palatial  cars.  "The 
horrid  things  that  crawl"  and  fly  have  no 
voice  intelligible  to  man,  or  they  might 
advance  just  claims  to  the  possession  and 
practice  of  every  kuowu  variety  of  locomo- 
tion in  a  degree  of  perfection  that  proud 
man,  with  all  the  aid  of  mechanism,  can 
only  rudely  intimate.  As  larva,  pupa  or 
imago,  the  insect  moves  under  the  earth, 
upon  the  earth,  above  the  earth — under 
the  water,  through  the  water,  on  the  surface 
of  the  water — on  tree  and  herb  and  grass — 
on  insect,  bird  and  beast — in  living  tissues 
and  in  the  dead — perhaps  in  the  else  all 
consuming  fire. — Lippincotfs  Magazine. 

BoriiER  Incrustation. — From  a  recent 
discussion  and  interchange  of  views  upon 
the  subject  of  the  incrustation  of  boilers, 
by  many  of  the  master  mechanics  of  the 
railroads  through  the  country,  it  was 
very  generally  asserted  says  the  American 
Manufacturer,  that  the  best  method  of 
keeping  boilers  clean  is  to  wash  them  out 
once  a  week — not  blow  them  off,  as  the 
heat  required  for  this  purpose  hardens  the 
paste  deposit  and  forms  the  scale,  whereas 
if  boilers  were  washed  out  after  cooling, 
with  water  in  them,  this  paste  can  be 
almost  entirely  removed.  The  testimony 
of  some  parties  who  practice  this  plan 
seems  to  show  that  boilers  can  be  so  used 
for  many  years  without  being  troubled 
with  scale.  It  was  found  that  many  par- 
ties practice  the  removal  and  renewal  of 
tubes,  in  locomotive  boilers,  quite  fre- 
quently to  remedy  the  scale  difficulty, 
and  that  the  blow-off  effected  little  else  but 
the  removal  of  mud.  The  washing  pro- 
cess recommended,  seems  like  a  rational 
and  practical  one. 

Ancient  Music. — The  Egyptian  flute 
was  only  a  cow's  horn  with  three  or  four 
holes  in  it,  and  their  harp  or  lyre  had  only 
three  strings,  the  Grecian  lyre  had  only 
seven  strings,  and  was  very  small,  being 
held  in  one  hand;  the  Jewish  trumpets 
that  made  the  walls  of  Jericho  fall 
down  were  only  rams'  horns;  their  flute 
was  the  same  as  the  Egyptian;  they  had 
no  other  instrumental  muHic  but  by  per- 
cussion, of  which  the  greatest  boast  made 
was  the  psaltery,  a  small  triangular  harp 
or  lyre  with  wire  strings,  and  struck  with 
an  iron  needle  or  stick;  their  sacbut  was 
something  like  a  bagpipe  ;  the  timbrel 
was  a  tamborine,  and  the  dulcimer  was  a 
horizontal  harp,  with  wire  strings,  and 
struck  with  a  stick  like  the  psaltery.  They 
had  no  written  music;  had  scarcely  a  vowel 
in  their  language;  and  yet  (according  to 
Josephus)  had  two  hundred  thousand  mu- 
sicians playing  at  the  dedication  of  the 
temple  of  Solomon.  Mozart  would  have 
died  in  such  a  concert  in  the  greatest  ag- 
onies. 

The  First  Chinese  Patent. — A  China- 
man of  Canton,  China,  named  Lee  Ping, 
and  another  of  San  Francisco,  named  Pon 
Jib,  doing  business  together  in  the  latter 
city,  have  made  application  to  the  Patent 
Office  for  a  patent  on  a  trade  mark  for  their 
tea.  This  is  the  first  application  from  the 
"Heathen  Chinee"  to  the  Patent  Office. 


There  are  78  railroads  in  Germany  own- 
ing 19,145  miles  of  road. 


January  6,  1872.! 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


UsEfdL     !fJfOf\|VlAJION. 

The  Gloss  on  Silk. 

The  method  of  giving  au  artificial  gloss 
to  the  woven  pieces  of  silk  was  invented 
in  1003.  The  discovery  of  the  method  was 
purely  accidental.  Octavia  Mey,  a  mer- 
chant of  Lyons,  being  one  day  deep  in 
meditation,  mechanically  put  a  small  bunch 
of  ailk  threads  into  his  mouth  and  began 
to  chew  them.  On  taking  them  out  again 
in  his  hand  he  was  struck  by  the  peculiar 
lustre  they  had  acquired,  and  was  not  a 
little  •  astonished  to  find  that  this  lustre 
continued  to  adhere  to  the  threads  even 
after  they  had  become  dry.  He  at  onee 
saw  that  in  this  fact  there  was  a  secret 
worth  unravelling,  and  being  a  man  of  in- 
genuity, he  applied  himself  to  the  study  of 
the  question.  The  result  of  his  experi- 
ments was  the  "glossing  method." 

The  manner  of  imparting  the  artificial 
gloss  has,  like  all  other  details  of  the  weav- 
ing art,  uudergono  certain  changes  in  the 
course  of  years.  At  present,  it  is  done  in 
this  wise:  Two  rollers  revolving  on  their 
axes  are  set  up  a  few  feet  from  the  ground, 
and  at  about  ten  yards,  in  a  straight  line, 
from  e  ich  other.  Round  the  first  of  these 
rollers  is  wound  the  piece  of  silk,  of  20 
40,  or  100  yards  in  length,  as  the  case  may 
be.  Ten  yards  of  the  silk  are  then  un- 
wound, and  fixed  by  means  of  a  brass*  rod 
in  a  groove  on  the  second  roller,  care 
being  taken  to  stretch  the  silk  between  the 
two  cylinders  as  tightly  as  possible.  A 
workman  with  a  thin  blade  of  metal  in  his 
hand,  daiutily  covers  the  uppermost  side 
of  the  silk  (that  which  will  form  the  in- 
side of  the  piece)  with  a  coating  of  gum. 
On  the  floor  under  the  outstretched  silk  is 
a  small  tramway,  upon  which  runs  a  sort 
of  tender  filled  with  glowing  coals.  As 
fast  as  one  mau  covers  the  silk  with  gum, 
another  works  the  tender  up  and  down,  so 
as  to  dry  the  mucilage  before  it  has  had 
time  to  permeate  the  texture. 

This  is  a  very  delicate  operation;  for  if, 
on  the  one  hand,  the  gum  is  allowed  to 
run  through  the  silk,  or  if,  on  the  other, 
the  coals  are  kept  too  long  under  one  place, 
the  piece  is  spoiled.  In  the  first  instance, 
it  would  be  stained  beyond  all  power  of 
cleaning,  and  in  the  second,  it  would  be 
burned.  None  but  trusty  workmen  are 
confided  with  this  task;  and  even  with  the 
most  proved  hands  there  is  sometimes 
damage.  When  ten  yards  of  the  piece  have 
been  gummed  and  dried,  they  are  rolled 
around  the  second  cylinder  and  ten  more 
are  unwound.  This  is  repeated  to  the  end. 
But  the  silk,  with  its  coating  of  dry  gum, 
is  then  stiff  to  the  touch  and  crackles  like 
cream-laid  note-paper  when  folded.  To 
make  it  soft  and  pliant  again,  it  is  rolled 
anew,  some  six  or  seven  times,  under  two 
different  cylinders,  one  of  which  has  been 
warmed  by  the  introduction  of  hot  coals 
inside,  and  this  is  sufficient  to  give  it  that 
bright  new  look  which  we  all  so  much  ad- 
mire in  fresh  silk. 


Scientific  Amusement. 

The  Pull  Mall  Gazette  convoys  to  its  read- 
ers two  delightful  little  experiments  in 
vivisection.  Wo  reproduce  them,  as  tend- 
ing to  afford  both  amusement  and  ocoupa- 
tiou  for  leisure  moments: 

No.  1.— Insert  in  the  back  of  a  rat  the 
end  of  its  own  tail,  having  first  pared  it 
raw  with  a  bistoury;  it  will  heal  and  take 
root  As  soon  as  the  graft  is  complete, 
amputate  the  tail  about  one  third  of  an 
inch  from  the  old  root.  The  rat's  tail  will 
thenceforward  grow  the  reverse  way  and 
out  of  the  back.  During  the  first  'throe 
months  tuo  rat  will  evince  very  feeble  signs 
of  feeling  when  the  tail  is  pinched.  At 
the  end  of  six  or  nine  months,  the  sensi- 
tiveness of  the  part  will  have  much  in- 
creased, but  the  animal  will  not  yet  be 
able  to  guess  where  it  is  pinched.  After  a 
year,  he  will,  however,  be  completely  up 
to  the  trick,  and  will  turn  to  bite  the 
pinchers. 

No.  2. — If  you  amputate*  the  paw  of  a 
young  rat,  partially  skin  it,  and  introduce 
it  through  the  skin  of  another  rat's  side, 
it  will  engraft,  take  nutriment,  grow  and 
acquiro  all  the  ordinary  parts  of  its  struc- 
ture, as  if  it  had  remained  with  its  former 
proprietor. 

The  latter  experiment  is  decidedly  in- 
genious, reflecting  great  credit  on  the 
inventor  for  his  originality.  Possibly,  the 
rats  may  object. 

Ancient  and  Modern  Workers  in 
Wool.— Under  this  caption  the  "  Bulletin 
of  the  National  Association  of  Woolen 
Manufactures  "  for  April,  copies  the  let- 
ter of  our  correspondent,  Mrs.  B.,  of  Min- 
neiska,  Minnesota  (telling  how  she  worked 
up  with  a  knitting  machine  some  250 
pounds  of  wool,  and  pronounced  it  not 
only  ''a  recreation,"  but  profitable  with- 
al) ,  with  the  following  handsome  preface: 

We  have  often  vainly  sought  for  a  worthy 
parallel  for  the  ancient  Boman  matron 
whose  tomb  in  the  Eternal  City  bears  the 
epitaph  commemorative  of  her  domestic 
virtues;  which  were  to  "stay  at  home," 
and   ' '  work  up  wool. " 

*  Domum  mansit, 
Lanam  fecit. 

We  find  the  parallel  at  last  in  the  Min- 
nesota lady,  who  penned  the  following  ar- 
ticle for  the  Western  Rural.  But  if  there  is 
a  parallel,  there  is  a  contrast.  Who,— that 
compares  the  Boman  woman  painfully  toil- 
ing with  her  distaff  all  day  for  a  feeble  pro- 
duct, with  the  American  matron,  by  aid  of 
modern  in  vention,  running  off  inmere  sport 
her  1,500  stitches  a  minute,  and  turning 
out  at  odd  moments  a  product  which  meets 
most  of  her  family  expenses,  —  can  say 
that  the  material  science  of  modern  times 
has  done  nothing  for  domestic  happiness. 


Qood  HE^Ljlf. 


Spiders'  Silk.— Speaking  of  the  silk 
produced  by  a  certain  species  of  spider, 
Dr.  Wilder  says:  "  If  you  can  picture  to 
yourself  a  mass  of  pure  yellow  gold,  which 
not  only  reflects  the  light  as  from  a  smooth 
and  polished  surface,  but  which  has  all  the 
depth  and  softness  of  liquid  amber,  you 
may  realize  in  some  degree  the  wonderful 
appearance  of  a  sheet  of  spider's  silk  as 
seen  in  the  sunshine;  and  even  in  the 
shade  its  lustre  is  greater  than  that  of 
gold.  But  to  compare  the  silk  to  gold  is 
to  tell  only  one-half  the  story;  for  the 
same  spider  yields  silver  as  well,  so  that 
you  may  draw  from  its  body  a  thread  of 
silver,  or  both  threads  together;  their 
union  giving  silk  of  a  light  yellow  color." 

A  Chinese  Wind-Baebow.— One  of  the 
strangest  sights  in  China  is  their  wind 
wheel  barrow;  it  is  drawn  by  a  donkey, 
and  when  the  wind  is  fair  a  sail  is  set. 
The  wheel  turns  in  the  middle  of  a  wooden 
frame,  sustained  by  iron  bars.  Upon  the 
frame  are  hung  all  kinds  of  utensils.  The 
donkey  is  generally  mounted  by  the  pater- 
familas,  the  son  and  heir  is  at  the  stern  as- 
sisting all  he  can,  while  the  mother  and 
younger  ones  ride  on  the  vehicle. 


SALIVATION. 

[Written  for  the  Fiutsa.] 

Salivation  is  literally  au  unnatural  flow 
of  saliva  or  spittle.  As  the  saliva  is  secre- 
ted by  the  parotid,  submaxillary  and  sub- 
lingual glands,  salivation  is  the  result  of 
unusual  irritation  of  those  glands,  caused 
by  the  presence  of  some  poisonous  sub- 
stance introduced  into  the  system.  It  is 
the  first  symptom  of  the  action  of  the  pe- 
culiar poison;  but  unfortunately  not  the 
only  one,  and  is  only  the  introduction  to 
more  serious  consequences  as  will  be 
shown  hereafter. 

Several  drugs  are  capable  of  producing 
salivation;  yet  it  is  my  purpose  to  speak  of 
but  one  in  this  article,  which  stands  pre- 
eminently in  the  front  rank. 

Mercury 
Has  been  used  as  a  medicine  since  the  15th 
century,  and  owing  to  its  uniform  and  cer- 
tain effects  upon   the  glandular  system   it 
has  been  called  the  "great  alterative." 

Its  action,  however,  is  not  confined  to 
the  glandular  system,  for  all  the  tissues, 
even  the  bones  are  affected,  and  in  time 
destroyed  by  it. 

The  condition  produced  by  mercurial 
poisoning  is  technically  call  ht/d'-argyrosis . 

How  it  is  Introduced. 

To  produce  its  effects  upon  the  organism , 
it  is  not,  by  any  means,  necessary  to  pass 
it  into  the  stomach,  for  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membranes  are  capable  of  absorbing 
it,  and  often  do  so,  sufficiently  to  produce 
its  most  violent  and  destructive  constitu- 
tional effects.  By  experience  this  fact  is 
too  well  known  by  those  whose  business 
requires  them  to  handle  it  frequently  or 
almost  constantly— miners  for  example. 
Heat  will  evaporate  it  rapidly;  but  like 
water  it  will  evaporate  at  a  low  tempera- 
ture, even  when  undisturbed.  Place  a 
quantity  of  it  in  an  open  vessel  in  a  house, 
and  it  will  vaporize  sufficiently  to  salivate 
the  inmates  of  the  house.  Amalgam  left 
exposed  to  the  action  of  the  atmosphere 
and  moderate  warmth,  will  do  the  same 
thing,  only  in  a  less  degree.  Agitation  fa- 
vors its  evaporation,  as  is  well  known  by 
those  who  work  around  quartz  mills. 

Inhaling  the  fumes  which  sometimes 
are  carelessly  allowed  to  escape  from  a  re- 
tort, and  working  with  the  hands  in  con- 
tact with  the  metal  are  the  quickest  and 
most  common  ways  in  which  the  poison  is 
introduced  into  the  system,  by  accident. 

Its  Effects. 


organism    by    whatever 


The  Brain  .—It  is  said  that  the  brain  of 
an  idiot  contains  about  one  per  cent,  of 
phosphoric  m  atter,  that  of  persons  of 
sound  intellect,  2%  per  cent.,  while 
that  of  the  maniac  contains  3%  per  cent. 
If  this  be  so,  it  would  seem  that  in  a  man- 
iac the  brain  appropriates  an  undue  pro- 
portion of  phosphoric  matter  from  the  rest 
of  the  system,  whereby  its  functions  are 
materially  impaired. 


Dust  Everywhere.— There  is  dust  on 
the  sea,  on  land,  in  the  valley  and  on  the 
mountain-top;  there  is  dust  always  and 
everywhere;  the  atmosphere  is  full  of  it; 
it  penetrates  the  noisome  dungeon,  and 
visits  the  deepest,  darkest  caves  of  the 
earth,  no  palace  door  can  shut  it  out,  no 
drawer  so  secret  as  to  escape  its  presence; 
every  breath  of  wind  dashes  it  upon  the 
open  eye,  and  yet  that  eye  is  not  blinded, 
because  there  is  a  fountain  of  "the  blandest 
fluid  in  nature  incessantly  emptying  itself 
under  the  eyelid,  which  spreads  it  over 
the  surface  of  the  ball  at  every  winking, 
and  washes  every  atom  of  dust  away.  But 
this  liquid,  so  well  adapted  to  the  eye  it- 
self, has  some  acidity,  which,  under  cer- 
tain circumstances,  becomes  so  decided  as 
to  be  scalding  to  the  skin,  and  would  rot 
away  the  eyelids  were  it  not  that  all  along 
the  edges  of  them  there  are  little  oil  man- 
ufactories, which  spread  over  their  surface 
a  coaling  as  impervious  to  the  liquids  nec- 
essary for  keeping  the  eyeballs  washed 
clean  as  the  best  varnish  is  impervious  to 
water. 


Gold  Pen  Points. —  Gold  pens  are 
dipped  with  iridium,  making  what  are 
commonly  known  as  "diamond  points." 
The  iridium  for  this  purpose  is  found  in 
small  grains  in  platinum,  slightly  alloyed 
with  the  latter  metal.  In  this  form  it  is 
exceedingly  hard,  and  well  adapted  to  the 
purpose  of  the  gold  pen  maker.  The  gold 
for  pens  is  alloyed  with  silver  to  about 
sixteen  carats  fineness,  rolled  into  thin 
strips,  from  which  the  blanks  are  struck. 
The  under  side  of  the  point  is  notched  by  a 
small  circular  saw,  to  receive  the  iridium 
point  which  is  selected  by  the  aid  of  a  micro- 
scope. A  flux  of  borax  and  a  blow-pipe 
secures  it  to  its  place,  and  the  point  is 
I  then  ground  on  a  copper  wheel  with  emery. 


The  first  noticeable  effect  of  mercury  is 
upon  the  salivary  glands  (salivation) ;  then 
follows  soreness  and  ulceration  of  the 
gums  and  inside  of  the  mouth.  If  this  is 
extreme,  the  teeth  loosen  and  fall  out,  or 
else  decay  rapidly.  It  then  attacks  the 
throat,  producing  fearful  ulceration,  and 
sometimes  mortification  and  destruction  of 
the  soft  parts.  Accompanying  these  con- 
ditions there  is  a  very  offensive  odor  of 
the  breath.  Its  destructive  effects  fre- 
quently extend  to  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
producing  inflammation  and  ulceration] 
with,  sometimes,  fearful  hemorrhage 
(bleeding) . 

Its  effect  upon  the  blood  is  to  decom- 
pose it,  make  it  thin  and  dark-colored,  and 
in  a  great  measure  deprive  it  of  the  power 
to  coagulate  when  exposed  to  the  air. 

Hemorrhages  may  occur  from  the  nose, 
the  throat,  the  lungs,  or  the  stomach  or 
bowels;  or  the  blood  may  ooze  out  of  the 
blood  vessels  into  the  cellular  tissues  in 
spots  under  the  skin. 

Its  effects  upon  the  bones  are,  first,  peri- 
ostitis, or  inflammation  of  the  covering 
membranes;  and  secondly,  caries,  literally, 
rottenness  of  the  bones. 

Its  effects  upon  the  skin  are  to  produce 
perspiration,  and  also  to  produce  eruptions 
and  ulcerations.  With  the  lax  and  soft 
condition  of  the  skin  and  constant  perspir- 
ation, there  is  great  liability  to  take  cold; 
while,  at  the  same  time,  all  mercurial 
affections  are  greatly  aggravated  by  taking 
cold. 

Mercury  also  produces  ozena,  ulceration 
of  the  nose;  iritis,  inflammation  of  the  iris 
of  the  eye;  neuralgia  (nerve  pain) ;  rheu- 
matism, gout;  falling  off  of  the  hair, 
trembling  of  the  limbs,  and  even  paral- 
ysis, 

It  produces  swelling  and  induration  of 
the  liver,  testicles,  mesenteric,  parotid, 
cervical,  axillary  and  inguinal  glands. 

The  above  are  only  a  part  of  the  poison- 
ous effects  of  mercury;  but  enough  has 
been  enumerated  to  show  clearly  its  terri- 
bly destructive  tendency,  and  its  posi- 
tively destructive  effects    whenever  intro- 


duced   into    the 
means  soever. 

Shun  the  Danger. 

The  terribly  destructive  effects  of  mer- 
cury upon  the  body.^as  already  shown,  have 
had  the  effect  to  lessen  its  use  very  mate- 
rially as  a  medicine,  and  as  a  knowledge 
of  the  action  of  medicines  increases,  it  is 
believed  that  the  time  is  not  distant  when 
it  will  be  looked  upon  as  a  criminal  act  for 
a  physician  to  salivate  his  patients,  ever  so 
little. 

My  words  of  warning,  however,  are  ad- 
dressed particularly  to  miners,  mill-men, 
and  all  others  who  use  mercury  largely  in 
their  business. 

If  the  adage,  "An  ounce  of 

Prevention 
Is  better  than  a  pound  of  cure,"  ever  had 
any  force  in  any  case,  itdoes  mostemphat- 
lcally  in  this;  for  it  is  a  hundred  fold  eas- 
ier to  keep  it  out  of  the  system,  than  to 
get  it  out  after  it  has  found  a  lodgment 
there.  To  accomplish  this  the  following 
precautions  cannot  be  too  closely  observed. 

1st.  Neither  mercury  nor  amalgam  should 
be  kept  in  the  house,  and  especially  in 
the  sleeping  apartments,  without  being 
bottled  and  closely  corked. 

2d  .Persons  working  at  quartz-mills, 
or  those  employed  in  retorting  or  hand- 
ling mercury  in  any  way,  where  fumes 
from  the  mercury  are  liable  to  arise, 
should  avoid  them  by  keeping  on  the 
windward  side  as  much  as  possible. 

3d.  Clothing,  worn  through  the  day, 
should  never  be  worn  at  night,  nor  should 
it  be  allowed  to  remain  in  the  sleeping 
apartment  at  night. 

4th.  The  strictest  cleanliness  should 
be  observed.  A  thorough  bath  once  a 
week,  at  least,  is  almost  indispensable. 
The  clothing  worn  at  work  should  also  be 
thoroughly  cleansed  at  least  once  n  week. 
It  should  also  be  hung  out  and  exposed  to 
the  action  of  the  wind  and  rays  of  the  sun 
quite  frequently.  By  so  doing  the  parti- 
cles of  mercury  which  have  found  lodg- 
ment there,  will  be  liberated  and  driven 
off. 

5th.  The  mercury  should  never  be  al- 
lowed to  come  in  contact  with  the  hands  or 
any  other  part  of  the  body,  for  wherever  it 
does,  some  of  it  is  almost  sure  to  be  ab- 
sorbed. 

6th.  Fumes   of  mercury  should    never 
be  allowed  to  escape   from  the  retort,  but 
should  be  condensed  with  particular  care. 
Cure. 

Unfortunately  in  hydrargyrosis  as  in 
almost  all  other  affections,  no  single  reme- 
dy can  be  relied  upon  as  a  specific  in  all 
cases;  but  it  has  to  be  treated  as  the  con- 
dition indicates.  I  will,  however,  enu- 
merate some  of  the  most  important  reme- 
dies for  that  purpose: 

For  violent  bone  pains,  ulcers  of  the 
mucous  membrane,  and  congestive  symp- 
toms, nitric  acid. 
For  periostitis,  phosphoric  acid. 
For  caries  and  necrasis,  asafcatida  and 
phosphorus. 
For  ozena,  aurum  muriaticum. 
For  mercurial  rheumatism    and    gout, 
glandular  enlargement,  cutaneous  erup- 
tions, tubercles  and  ulcers,  indurations  of 
the  liver,  parotid,   cervical,    axillary  and 
inguinal    glands,    iodine   and    iodide    of 
potassium. 

For  ptyalism,  chlorate  of  potassa,  and 
creosote. 

Other  most  excellent  remedies,  frequent- 
ly used  in  the  treatment  of  hydrargyrosis 
are  sarsaparilla,  conium,  sulphuret  of 
lime,  sulphur,  sulphate  of  zino,  galvanic 
electricity  and  cinchona;  but  it  would 
be  impossible  to  give  their  special  indica- 
cations  in  an  article  of  this  kind,  as  the 
affections  arising  from  the  same  are  so  va- 
ried, and  so  often  associated  and  compli- 
cated with  the  scrofulous,  syphilitic  and 
sycotic  dyscrasias. 

My  advice  to  all  is,  first,  avoid  by  all 
means  the  absorption  of  the  poison;  second, 
if  the  poison  has  already  been  absorbed 
get  rid  of  it  as  soon  as  possible. 

E.  J.  Frasee,  M.  D. 
No.  102  Stockton  street. 


Exteeme  Old  Age. — A  farmer  lately 
died  in  East  Prussia  who  is  said  to  have 
attained  his  130th  year.  Down  to  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  in  the  enjoyment  of 
the  best  possible  health.  He  was  six  feet 
one  inch  in  hight  and  served  as  body- 
guard under  Frederick  the  Great.  His 
son,  who  lives  on  his  father's  property,  is 
109  years  old.  He  takes  long  walks  every 
day,  can  read  without  spectacles,  and  is  an 
excellent  companion.  The  nephew  of  the 
old  man  is  employed  on  the  East  Prussian 
Bailway,  and,  though  he  is  72  years  of 
age,  he  is  able  punctually  to  perform  his 
duties. 


SCIENTIFIC1  PRESS^ 


[January  6,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editob. 


X>E"WJE2Y  «fc  CO.,  Fubl  is  tiers. 


A.  T.  DEWEY, 
W.'B.  EWEB, 


GEO.  H.  8TB0NG, 
JNO.  1.  BOONE. 


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JSaxi  Franoisoo: 

Saturday    Morning,    Jan.  6,  1872. 
Table  of  Contents. 

Hints  to  Miners,  No.  5. — 111.;  Absorption  of 
Sulphur  by  Gold 1 

Coeeespondence. — Resources  of  Montana;  Co- 
lumbia District,  IT.  T.;  Volunteer  "  Squibs;" 
Hybrid  Animals;  The  World's  Fair  of  1873 .  .2 

Mechanical  Peogeess. — Steel  for  Locomotive 
Boilers;  Mineral  Cotton; Mechanical  Puddling 
a  Success ;  Domestic  Steam  Engine 3 

Scientific  Peogeess. — Encke's  Comet, — 111.; 
New  Product  from  the  Oxidation  of  Carbon .  3 

Mining  Summary. — Stock  &  Exchange  Board; 
Market  Report 4-5 

The  Sponge;  Beet  Sugarie  at  Sacramento;  Air- 
Tight  Stove;  Transplanting  Trees— 111.;  The 
Movements  of  Insects 6 

Useful  Information. — The  Gloss  on  Silk;  Sci- 
entific Amusement;  Ancient  and  Modern 
"Workers  in  Wool;  Dust 7 

Good  Health. — Salvation;  Extreme  Old  Age. 7 

The  State  Geological  Survey;  Borax  Depos- 
its  8 

The  Rainfall;3Hendy's  Improved  Lamont  Gov- 
ernor— 111.;  United  States  Signal  Service 9 

Domestic  Economy — Hard  Beds,  Prevention  of 
Dampness;  Mechanical  Hints;  The  Way  to 
Succeed 10 

Aid  to  Inventors 12 


With  1872 

Commences  volume  XXIV  of  the  Scientific 
Pbess.  Its  life  of  nearly  12  years,  we  verily  be- 
lieve, has  saved  more  to  the  Pacific  States, 
and  imported  more  profitable  and  practical 
knowledge  to  personal  readers  than  any  other 
journal  in  this  new  and  still  developing  field. 
We  wish  to  increase  our  usefulness.  "We  want 
more  subscribers  added  to  our  already  large  list. 
The  publication  of  such  a  first-class  paper  is 
expensive.  We  shall  make  the  Peess  worthy 
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Mining  Accidents. 

On  Dec.  26,  a  mass  of  rock  in  the  600  ft. 
level,  east  of  the  Idaho  mine,  at  Grass 
Valley,  caved  upon  Tobias  Mitchell,  break- 
ing his  right  thigh  and  otherwise  seriously 
injuring  him. 

On  Dec.  23,  a  miner  named  Dennis 
Hays  was  badly  hurt  in  the  North  Star 
mine,  Grass  Valley,  by  being  caught  in 
the  shaft  by  an  ascending  car. 

On  Deo.  23,  both  the  car  and  cage  in 
the  Hale  &  Norcross  mine,  at  Virginia,  fell 
a  distance  of  1,300  ft.,  severely  injuring  a 
miner  named  Wm.  McCleery. 

Harry  Howarth,  a  miner  employed  in 
Moser's  claim  at  Mokelumne  Hill,  was 
badly  bruised  a  few  days  since  by  a  rock 
falling  upon  him. 

•--•»     M      . — * 

Home  Manufacture. — An  iron  rope, 
weighing  9,500  lbs.  has  just  been  com- 
pleted at  Hallidie's  Wire  Bope  Works,  in 
this  city.  It  is  five  inches  wide,  one-half 
inch  thick,  and  2,000  ft.  (nearly  half  a 
mile)  long.  One  hundred  and  fifty  miles 
of  15%  guage  wire  was  used  in  its  con- 
struction. It  is  the  first  rope  manufac- 
tured entirely  of  California-made  wire, 
and  the  largest  ever  turned  out  in  Amer- 
ica. It  will  be  immediately  shipped  to 
Virginia  City,  Nevada,  for  use  in  the 
Empire-Imperal  shaft  of  the  Imperial 
Mining  Company.  This  California  Wire 
Eope  Company  are  the  only  manufac- 
turers of  flat  iron  rope  in  the  United 
States.  They  have  now  on  the  way  from 
Europe,  improved  machinery  for  making 
what  is  termed  flexible  wire  rope.  It  will 
run  13  bobbins,  and  lay  up  a  rope  of  144 
wires,  with  19  wires  in  the  strand. 


The  State  Geological  Survey.— No.  1. 

An  Important  Question. 

Prominent  among  the  questions  which 
the  present  Legislature  will  be  called  upon 
to  decide,  is  that  of  the  further  continu- 
ance or  the  discontinuance  of  our  State 
Geological  Survey. 

This  work  was  commenced  in  1861,  and 
continued  without  intermission  until  the 
close  of  1867.  It  was  then  discontinued 
for  two  years,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the 
Legislature  of  1867-8  made  no  appropria- 
tion for  it.  But  it  was  again  taken  up  by 
the  Legislature  of  1869-70,  and  has  been 
carried  on  during  the  last  two  years  under 
the  appropriation  of  $2,000  per  month, 
then  made  for  its  continuance. 

It  thus  appears  that  the  work  of  the 
Geological  Survey  has  extended  through  a 
period  of  about  nine  years;  and  the  ques- 
tions very  naturally  arise,  what  is  the 
character  of  this  work;  what  have  been  its 
results  in  the  past;  what  are  they  likely  to 
be  in  the  future;  and  what  is  their  prac- 
tical value  to  the  State  at  large? 

If,  as  some  believe,  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey is  doing  nothing  and  producing  noth- 
ing but  elaborate  pictures  of  extinct  shell 
fish  and  minutely  scientific  descriptions  of 
bugs,  then  we  may  well  be  excused  for  be- 
lieving that  "  the  play  is  not  worth  what 
it  costs."  But  if,  on  the  other  hand,  it 
shall  appear  that  it  is  in  reality  an  earnest 
investigation  by  able  brains  and  skillful 
hands  of  the  material  resources  of  the 
State,  and  especially  of  her  mineral  wealth, 
as  well  as  of  the  history  of  the  formation 
of  her  mountain  ranges,  the  cutting  out  of 
her  tremendous  canons,  the  growth  and 
extinction  of  her  immense  volcanoes  on  a 
scale  of  grandeur  far  exceeding  anything 
the  continent  now  shows,  the  extent  of  her 
mines  of  coal  and  quicksilver,  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  gold  in  her  rocks  and  veins,  the 
character,  extent  and  origin  of  her  vast 
masses  of  auriferous  gravel,  the  formation 
of  her  broad  and  fertile  valleys,  the  capac- 
ities of  her  soil,  the  laws  which  govern  her 
kaleidoscopic  climates,  in  a  word,  the 
whole  physical  structure  of  her  frame; — if 
the  money  hitherto  devoted  to  this  work 
by  rthe  State  has  been  wisely  and  econom- 
ically expended  in  the  gathering  of  reliable 
information  upon  subjects  such  as  these, 
and  if  the  Chief  of  the  Survey  is  busily 
employed'  in  sifting  and  classifying  the 
mass  of  information  so  obtained,  deducing 
order  from  what  has  hitherto  been  chaos, 
gradually  solving  the  difficult  problems  of 
our  peculiarly  complex  geology,  and  pre- 
senting as  rapidly  as  possible  in  systematic 
and  intelligible  shape,  the  results  of  all 
this  work  in  his  reports  and  maps,  for  the 
benefit  of  the  people  at  large,  and  for 
their  guidance  in  important  practical  ques- 
tions of  agricultural  and  mining  industry, — 
then  the  matter  assumes  an  altogether  dif- 
ferent shape,  and  the  question  is  rather, 
can  a  State  like  California  afford  to  stop  a 
work  like  this  before  it  be  completed  ? 

We  have  recently  been  investigating 
with  considerable  care  the  work  of  the  Ge- 
ological Survey  and  the  present  status  of 
its  affairs,  and  propose  to  give  to  our  read- 
ers the  results  of  our  investigation. 

The  General  Character  of  the  Work. 

Before  entering  into  details,  however,we 
will  give  a  short  sketch  of  the  general 
character  of  the  work,  its  purpose  and  its 
aims.  And  in  doing  this,  we  shall  make 
the  freest  use  of  an  article  which  appears 
in  the  January  number  of  the  Overland 
Monthly  from  the  pen  of  a  writer  who  is 
evidently  well  acquainted  with  the  sub- 
ject, and  knows  of  what  he  speaks. 

The  object  of  the  Geological  Survey  may 
be  best  made  intelligible  by  stating  that  it 
is  taking  an  inventory  of  the  "natural  re- 
sources" of  the  State,  and  by  the  term  '  'nat- 
ural resources"  is  meant  the  innumerable 
good  things  which  she  has  inherited  from 
mother  Nature, — her  soil,  valleys,  moun- 
tains, plains,  rivers,  lakes,  the  treasures  of 
mineral  and  metallic  wealth  which  lie  be- 
neath her  surface,  the  creatures  which  live 
upon  her  soil  and  in  her  waters,  the  plants 
which  grow  within  her  borders,  these  all 
need  to  be  cataiogued  just  as  a  merchant 
needs  to  have  his  stock  of  goods  invento- 
ried, or  a  farmer  the  boundaries  and  the 
quality  of  his  fields  determined. 

That  the  Legislature  which  in  1860  set 
this  survey  on  foot  took  this  comprehen- 
sive view  of  the  subject  is  clear  enough; 


for  the  Act  authorizing  the  work  calls  for 
"an  accurate  and  complete  geological  sur- 
vey of  the  State,  with  proper  maps  thereof, 
and  a  full  and  scientific  description  of  its 
rocks,  fossils,  soils  and  minerals,  and  of 
its  botanical  and  zoological  productions." 
This  was  the  language  of  the  original  Act, 
and  it  has  not  only  never  been  repealed, 
but  it  has  been  confirmed  again  and  again 
by  successive  Legislatures.  Such  there- 
fore is  the  work  which  it  has  been  the  duty 
of  the  State  Geological  Survey  to  accom- 
plish, so  far  as  the  means  which  have  been 
placed  at  its  command  would  permit. 
Topography. 

It  seems  hardly  necessary  to  point  out 
the  desirability  of  a  geographical  basis  for 
the  geological  work,  or  the  impossibility 
of  any  accurate  delineation  or  intelligible 
description  of  the  geological  features  of  a 
country  without  a  correspondingly  ac- 
curate knowledge  of  the  situation,  extent 
and  outlines  of  its  mountain  ranges,  their 
altitudes  above  the  sea,  the  courses  of  its 
streams,  the  location  and  extent  of  its  val- 
leys; in  a  word,  oi  just  such  features  as 
those  which  are  shown  upon  good  topo- 
graphical maps.  Geological  determina- 
tions, in  fact,  unless  made  available  and 
permanent  by  being  recorded  upon  suita- 
ble maps,  are  of  little  value,  and  of  hardly 
any  account  for  practical  use.  To  be  avail- 
able, the  information  must  be  accurately 
located.  As  well  might  one  attempt  to 
paint  a  picture  on  the  air,  or  put  a  roof  on 
a  house  before  the  walls  were  built,  as  to 
convey  geological  information  without  a 
map  on  which  it  can  be  embodied. 
Physical  Geography. 

Closely  allied  to  the  topography  proper, 
is  the  physical  geography  of  the  State,  or 
the  study  of  the  geographical  facts  from  a 
generalized  point  of  view;  for  instance,  as 
related  to  the  climate,  and  thus  as  bearing 
directly  on  the  agricultural  and  sanitary 
condition  of  the  people.  Consider  for  a 
moment  how  important  even  one  class  of 
simple  facts  in  this  department  may  be- 
come. We  refer  to  the  determination  of 
hights  above  the  sea-level,  by  which  the 
relative  differences  of  elevation  are  deter- 
mined and  the  form  of  the  surface  made 
out.  This  kind  of  information  is  of  the 
greatest  practical  value  in  its  bearings  on 
all  questions  of  drainage,  irrigation,  road 
building  and  the  like.  There  is  hardly 
any  great  branch  of  industry  in  the  State 
which  may  not  be  in  some  degree  bene- 
fitted by  this  part  of  the  work. 
Geology. 

It  is  popularly  supposed  that  the  geo- 
logical part  of  the  Survey  means  merely 
"prospecting"  the  ground  for  the  pur- 
pose of  making  new  discoveries  of  valua- 
ble deposits  of  ores  or  minerals.  This  is 
by  no  means  the  case.  There  are  pros- 
pectors enough  already  in  the  field.  It 
would  be  difficult  to  find  a  gulch  in  Cali- 
fornia into  which  some  indomitable  indi- 
vidual had  not  already  penetrated;  neither 
would  it  be  easy  to  find  any  kind  of  worth- 
less rock,  which  had  not  been  supposed 
by  some  one  to  be  of  value.  The  object 
of  the  Geological  Survey  is  something 
very  different  from  mere  prospecting.  It 
is,  rather,  to  examine  everything  which 
has  been  already  discovered,  and  from  the 
accumulation  of  such  observations  to  coin- 
bino  the  experience  and  knowledge  of  all, 
so  that  general  results  may  be  obtained 
which  shall  be  of  great  value  as  tending 
to  put  a  stop  to  wasteful  expenditure  and 
misdirected  explorations;  while  incident- 
ally of  course  a  large  amount  of  informa- 
tion is  gained  which  is  of  essential  service 
in  properly  guiding  the  active  exploration 
and  development  of  our  mines.  The  Geo- 
logical Survey  makes  no  pretensions  to  the 
kind  of  knowledge  that  is  claimed  by  the 
charlatans  of  the  "  divining  rod  "  and  the 
"  goldometer." 

It  is  folly  to  suppose  that  the  geologist 
should  always  be  able  to  tell  beforehand 
precisely  where  a  shaft  must  be  sunk  or  a 
tunnel  driven  to  strike  rich  pay.  No  man 
can  see  through  fathoms  of  solid  rock.  No 
good  geologist  or  mining  engineer  ever 
pretends  to  do  it.  But  he  ought  to  be  able 
after  a  careful  examination  of  the  ground 
to  understand  and  weigh  the  probabilities  of 
the  case  with  a  sounder  and  better  founded 
judgment  than  a  man  of  less  experience 
and  information  can  do.  And  with  refer- 
ence to  the  mines  it  is  precisely  those 
facts  of  observation  and  practical  experi- 
ence combined  with  a  proper  knowledge 
of  the  character  and  distribution  of  rocks 
and  ores  upon  which  the  judgment  of  a  re- 
liable mining  engineer  is  always  based, 
that  it  is  the  province  of  the  Geological 
Survey  to  gather,  and  systematize,  and 
publish  to  the  people  for  their  better 
guidance  in  the  ever-hazardous  work  of 
mining  enterprise. 

Having  thus  briefly  touched  upon  a  few 
of  the  most   salient   points  in   the   broad 


field  which  a  geological  survey  of  a  State 
like  California  should  cover,  we  propose 
in  our  next  issue  to  give  some  definite  ac- 
count of  what  the  survey  has  actually  been 
doing,  and  then  to  enquire  in  how  far  it 
has  met  or  has  failed  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  the  original  Act  which  ordered  it, 
and  the  legitimate  expectations  of  the  peo- 
ple. 

Our  Borax  Deposits. 

Within  the  past  two  years  large  deposits 
of  the  Borate  of  lime  and  the  Borate  of 
Soda  have  been  discovered  at  various 
points  in  the  State  of  Nevada,  the  most 
extensive  being  those  of  the  Columbus 
and  the  Eish  Lake  Valleys,  situated  in  the 
southern  part  of  Esmeralda  county.  At 
Rhode's  Marsh,  15  miles  north  of  Colum- 
bus, the  quantity  is  also  represented  to  be 
quite  large.  The  other  localities  where 
this  material  has  been  found  in  considera- 
ble abundance,  though  not  always  suffi- 
ciently concentrated  to  render  it  readily 
available,  are  near  the  Hot  Springs  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  a  short  distance 
northeast  of  Wadsworth;  at  Sand  Springs, 
on  the  old  overland  stage  route,  12  miles 
east  of  Carson  Lake;  at  Double  Springs, 
10  miles  east  of  Burgess'  old,  now  Camp- 
bell's station,  on  Walker  River,  as  well  as 
on  the  large  alkali  plain,  30  miles  still 
further  east;  at  Teal's  Salt  Marsh,  10  miles 
west  of  Columbus;  in  Death  Valley  and 
about  the  sinks  of  the  Amargosa  and  the 
Mohave. 

In  some  of  these  localities  the  Borate  of 
both  lime  and  soda  are  met  with,  while  in 
others  but  one  of  these  substances  is 
found.  There  is,  for  example,  but  little 
of  the  latter  at  the  Hot  Springs,  while  at 
Sand  Springs,  Teal's  Marsh  and  Double 
Springs,  the  deposit  consists  chiefly  of  the 
Borate  of  lime.  At  Rhode's  Marsh  and  in 
Columbus  and  Pish  Lake  Valleys,  the 
two  substances  occur  intermixed  and  in 
great  abundance.  So  little  soda  is  there 
in  the  Hot  Spring  deposits  that  parties  ex- 
perimenting in  the  manufacture  at  Wads- 
worth,  with  raw  material  from  that  local- 
ity, are  obliged  to  seek  the  requisite 
amount  of  soda  elsewhere,  obtaining  it  for 
the  present  from  a  small  pond  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Ragtown,  30  miles  distant. 

Owing  to  this  and  other  obstacles  these 
parties  have  not  yet  met  with  much  suc- 
cess, but  little  merchantable  borax  having 
thus  far  been  turned  out  from  these  works 
at  Wadsworth.  At  Ragtown,  J.  V.  Lewis 
is  producing  some  200  pounds  of  refined 
borax  daily.  He  procures  the  crude  sub- 
stance from  Sand  Springs,  25  miles  dis- 
tant, being  unable  to  carry  on  the  refining 
process  at  a  nearer  point  for  want  of  wood 
and  water.  He  is  said  to  make  a  good 
article,  though  operating  on  a  small  scale, 
and  laboring  under  some  disadvantages. 

These  two  are  the  only  points  in  the 
State  of  Nevada  at  which  the  manufacture 
of  borax  or  even  the  concentration  of  the 
crude  article  has  yet  been  attempted.  A 
considerable  amount,  not  less;  perhaps, 
than  sixty  or  seventy  tons  of  the  Borates, 
has  been  shipped  to  this  city,  where  it  was 
subsequently  worked  and  disposed  of 
through  local  dealers,  whose  customers 
gave  it  a  preference  over  the  imported  ar- 
ticle, it  having  been  found  of  greater  pur- 
ity and  strength  than  the  best  English 
borax. 

There  seems  now  no  question  but  we 
have  the  native  product  in  great  quantities 
on  this  coast;  a  late  careful  examination 
made  in  the  interest  of  the  Nevada  Consol- 
idated Borax  Company  establishing  the 
fact  that  they  have  several  hundred  thou- 
sand tons  of  the  Borates  within  the  limits 
of  their  survey  in  the  Columbus  and  Fish 
Lake  Valleys.  This  company  havo,  how- 
ever, without  any  doubt,  not  only  the  most 
extensive,  but  in  every  respect  the  most 
valuable  deposits  to  be  found  on  this 
coast,  or  perhaps,  elsewhere  in  the  world. 
The  quantity  covered  by  their  claim  is 
ample  to   meet  all   the    requirements   of 


January  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


commerce,  the  substance  here  existing  un- 
der the  most  favorable  conditions,  save 
only  the  cost  of  transportation  to  market. 
These  beds  are  150  miles  from  Wadsworth, 
the  nearest  point  on  the  Central  Pacific 
railroad,  the  intermediate  country  being 
sandy,  hilly  and  barren,  rendering  the 
road  a  hard  one  to  freight  across. 

This  company,  however,  having  ample 
moans,  propose  to  obviate  this  troublo  by 
the  construction  of  an  improved  wagon 
road,  and  possibly  of  a  railroad  at  an  early 
day.  Meantime,  they  will  erect  works  and 
proceed  to  concentrate  the  Borates  on  tho 
ground,  preparatory  to  their  shipment  to 
market.  The  members  of  this  company 
are  mostly  residents  of  Sacramento,  and, 
besides  being  men  of  large  means,  have  an 
excellent  standing  in  the  business  commu- 
nity, and  who  having  embarked  earnestly 
in  this  enterprise,  will  be  likely  to  make 
it  an  early  and  an  entire  success. 

While  the  Borates  exist  so  plentifully  at 
a  few  points  in  the  State  of  Nevada,  it  is, 
nevertheless,  the  case,  that  their  distribu- 
tion is  by  no  means  so  general  as  was  atone 
time  supposed ;  it  having  transpired  through 
numerous  tests  lately  made  of  material  ob- 
tained from  different  localities,  and  sup- 
posed to  be  rich  in  boracic  acid,  that  it 
contained  but  little,  and  in  many  instances 
not  even  a  trace  of  that  substance.  In 
consequence  of  this  determination  thou- 
sands of  acres  of  land  that  had  been  taken 
up  in  that  State,  the  locators  having  mis- 
taken the  carbonate  of  soda  and  the  chlo- 
ride of  sodium  for  the  Borate  of  soda,  will 
have  to  be  abandoned. 

But,  while  tho  supposed, Borate  fields  of 
Nevada  are  thus  likely  to  suffer  curtail- 
ment, rumors  come  to  hand  of  important 
discoveries  of  this  material  having  been 
made  in  Del  Norte  county; — a  quantity 
rich  in  this  valuable  salt  having  lately 
been  brought  to  this  city,  said  to  repre- 
sent a  large  deposit  existing  in  that  quarter 
of  the  State.  How  much  there  may  be  in 
fact,  or  what  would  be  the  cost  of  hauling 
to  a  shipping  point,  we  have  not  been  able 
to  ascertain,  though  there  is  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  the  quantity  reported,  has,  as  is 
usual  with  the  first  announcement  of  min- 
eral discoveries,  been  somewhat  exagger- 
ated. 


The  Rainfall. 

The  late  storm  has  been  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable which  has  occurred  since  the  advent 
of  the  Americans  on  this  coast.  For  over  two 
weeks,  with  slight  interruptions,  it  rained  more 
or  less  of  the  time,  day  and  night,  until  the  2d 
instant.  Now,  however,  the  storm  seems  to 
have  fairly  passed  away,  and  at  this  present 
writing  the  sky  is  beautifully  clear  and  pleasant. 

The  amount  of  rain  which  has  fallen  has  also 
been  remarkable — probably  the  largest  amount 
which  has  been  recorded  in  so  short  a  time 
since  1849 — and  when  added  to  that  which  had 
previously  fallen  during  the  season,  makes  the 
largest  total  on  record  up  to  December  31st.  It 
may  also  be  added,  as  another  remarkable 
fact,  that  no  great  storm,  with  an  equal  rain- 
fall, has  done  so  little  damage,  or,  so  far  as 
present  appearances  show,  been  productive  of 
such  a  vast  amount  of  good  to  the  State  at 
large. 

The  temperature  has  been  exceedingly  favor- 
able for  both  grass  and  grain — the  thermometer 
in  this  city  marking  the  high  average  of  53°  for 
the  month  of  December.  The  rain  has  also 
been  general — all  over  the  Stale — and  has  fallen 
so  moderately,  that  the  thirsty  earth  has  been 
able  to  drink  it  up  to  a  much  greater  extent 
than  usual. 

It  is  with  unfeigned  pleasure,  that,  in  the 
light  of  these  facts,  we  look  forward  to  the  en- 
suing year  as  one  of  unparalleled  productive- 
ness and  prosperity.  Everybody  looks  smiling 
and  happy,  and  the  customary  salutation  of  the 
season,  as  passed  around  on  Monday  last,  was 
no  unmeaning  word;  but  was  uttered  with  the 
almost  certainty  that  we  all  should  indeed  be 
happy. 

The  miners  are  also  rejoicing  in  view  of  the 
abundance  of  water  for  mining  purposes.  The 
Territorial  Enterprise  says  that  even  though  no 
more  rain  or  snow  should  fall  for  the  winter, 
water  would  be  abundant  in  that  vicinity  for  a 
year  or  two  to  come — a  good  store  of  water 
being  laid  up  in  the  hills,  all  of  which  are  great 
natural  reservoirs. 

The  fall  in  this  city  to  January  1st  has  been 
20.29  inches.  The  highest  previously  noted 
was  in  '51  and  '52,  when  19.31  fell.  The  fall 
at  other  localities  is  reported  as  follows: 

Sacramento to  Dec.  31 12.42 

Stockton "    31. ...10.80 

San  Andreas "     23 10.89 

Turlock  (Stanislaus  Co.)-- ■         "    31....  8.52 

Los  Angeles "     30 8.21 

Shasta "    26. ...30.25 

Nevada "    29.... 36.00 


Hendy's  Improved  Lamont  Governor. 

A  great  necessity  in  any  establishment 
using  steam  power  is  a  good  governor  to 
the  engine.  The  great  difficulty  with 
governors  has  been  that  they  were  not 
sensitive  enough  to  changes  of  load  on 
engine  to  prevent  too  much  speed.  Be- 
side being  very  sensitive,  a  governor 
should  possess  the  property  of  being  able 
to  stop  the  engine  in  case  tho  governor 
belt  breaks  or  slips  its  pulley,  or  any  acci- 
dent happens  which  would  stop  the  gov- 
ern from  working  properly.  When  this 
happens  theengine  frequently  "runs  away 
with  itself,"  so  to  speak,  as  was  the  case 
a  short  time  since  with  one  in  Stockton, 
in  which,  by  some  disarrangement  the 
governor,  stopped  and  the  fly  wheel,  by 
reason  of  increased  speed,  broke,  a  por- 
tion going  through  the  roof,  and  the  ma- 
chinery was  damaged  to  ftie  extent  of  some 
§3,000. 

By  referring  to  the  accompanying  cut 
it  will  be  seen  that  there  are  two  balls, 
each  attached  to  au  arm.     These  arms  are 


HENDY'S  IMPROVED  GOVERNOB. 

pivoted  to  short  cross  pieces  which  are  se- 
cured so  that  the  revolution  of  the  spin- 
dle turns  the  whole.  The  arms  extend  be- 
low their  fulcrum  so  that  there  is  no 
tendency  for  them  to  spread  too  far  for  the 
proper  opening  of  the  valve,  for  the  lower 
ends  will  strike  the  sleeve  and  arrest  their 
separation.  A  hollow  pipe  passes  up 
through  the  cross  piece  and  extends  into 
a  sort  of  sleeve  which  has  its  upper  end 
closed,  and  the  rod  is  fasten'ed  to  the  up- 
per end  of  the  sleeve,  which  is  attached  to 
the  valve.  A  spring  is  curved  into  an 
elliptic  yoke  or  any  other  convenient 
from  and  its  ends  firmly  secured  to 
the  balls.  The  central  portion  of  the 
spring  stands  considerably  higher  than  the 
ends,  and  at  this  point  it  is  secured  to  the 
top  of  the  sleeve  or  the  valve  stem. 

The  operation  is  as  follows:  When 
the  engine  begins  to  move  the  governor 
rotates  and  the  balls  are  separated  by 
centrifugal  force.  This  increases  the  ten- 
sion or  strain  on  the  spring  by  partially 
straightening  it.  Any  decrease  of  speed 
allows  the  force  of  the  spring  to  overcome 
the  centrifugal  force,  and  the  balls  are 
drawn  nearer  together,  the  valve  being  cor- 
respondingly affected. 

There  is   a  small  button  formed  on  the 


lower  end  of  the  rod  as  shown  in  the  cut.that, 
when  it  is  connected  to  the  catch,  raises 
and  lowers  the  valve  by  the  expansion  or 
contraction  of  the  balls.  When  the  balls 
come  close  together  by  the  governor 
stopping,  the  catch  is  drawn  up  against 
the  sleeve  which  disconnects  it  from  the 
upper  part  of  rod  allowing  the  valve  to 
drop,  which  shuts  off  the  steam.  By  re- 
versing the  catch  or  turning  it  half  way 
round  it  may  be  attached  to  the  stem 
so  that  in  shutting  down  with  the  throt- 
tle valve  it  will  not  disconnect. 

At  the  lower  end  of  the  rod  is  a  screw 
working  in  tho  valve,  which,  by  turning 
the  catch  round  will  increase  or  diminish 
the  speed  of  the  engine  as  desired,  without 
the  necessity  of  stopping  the  governor. 
As  will  be  seen  from  this  description,  if  the 
governor  belt  breaks,  the  balls  immedi- 
ately close,  the  catch  is  unfastened,  the 
valve  drops  and  the  engine  is  stopped. 
Over  200  of  these  governors  have  been  sold 
by  Mr.  J.  Hendy,  from  whom  further  in- 
formation may  be  had  by  addressing  him  at 
32  Fremont  street,  in  this  city. 

United  States  Signal  Service. 

There  being  considerable  interest  at 
present  concerning  the  Signal  Service 
Corps,  some  slight  sketch  of  their  ex- 
tended system  of  meteorological  reports, 
which  is  so  invaluable  to  agriculture  and 
navigation  and  the  people  generally,  may 
be  interesting.  A  short  time  since  the 
War  Department  issued  a  circular  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  the  public  at  large  some 
general  idea  of  the  workings  and  object  of 
the  Signal  Service  Corps.  The  circular  is 
entitled  "  The  Practical  Uses  of  Meteoro- 
logical Reports  and  Weather  Maps;"  and 
our  information  is  principally  derived 
from  its  pages. 

In  pursuance  of  the  duty  imposed  upon 
the  Secretary  of  War  by  the  law  providing 
for  the  announcement  by  telegraph  and 
signal  of  the  approach  and  force  of  storms, 
and  under  his  direction  the  office  of  the 
Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the  Army,  at  the 
War  Department,  causes  meteorological 
observations  and  reports  to  be  made  daily 
and  nightly  at  62  stations.  The  Office 
Division  of  Telegrams  and  Reports,  for 
the  benefit  of  commerce,  is  organized  for 
the  preparation,  receipt  and  use  of  these 
reports. 

At  every  station  three  observations  are 
taken  daily,  at  the  same  moment  of  actual 
(not  local)  time  for  all  stations,  by  the  Ob- 
server Sergeants  of  the  Signal  Service. 
The  reports  are  immediately  telegraphed 
to  the  office  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  at 
Washington. 

Use  of  the  Telegraph. 

By  a  carefully  arranged  system  of  tele- 
graphic operations,  copies  of  the  fuli  re- 
ports of  all  stations  thus  transmitted  to 
Washington,  or  of  portions  of  them,  are 
sent  at  the  same  time  to  many  of  the  Signal 
Service  stations  in  principal  cities  and 
towns.  At  each  station  so  receiving  a 
tabular  report,  one  or  more  bulletins  are 
published.  The  observations  are  made 
synchronously  at  the  different  stations  at 
the  exact  hours,  7:35  a.  M.,  4:35  p.  m.  and 
11:35  p.  M.,  Washington  time. 
Reports. 

The  full  reports  from  all  stations  are  tele- 
graphed to  and  received  at  Washington, 
translated  from  cipher  and  published  in 
the  form  of  bulletins  of  reports  by  the 
hours  of  9  a.  M.,  6  p.  m.  and  1am.  res- 
pectively (Washington  time) .  The  bul- 
letins wherever  published,  at  Washington 
or  elsewhere,  exhibit  the  following  par- 
ticulars, viz:  Hight  of  barometer;  change 
since  last  report;  thermometer;  change  in 
last  24  hours;  relative  humidity,  in  per 
cent.;  direction  of  wind;  velocity  of  wind, 
in  miles  per  hour;  pressure  of  wind,  in 
pounds  per  square  foot;  force  of  wind,  re- 
duced to  Beaufort's  scale;  amount  of  cloud; 
rainfall  since  last  report,  in  inches  and 
hundredths,  and  state  of  weather. 
Weather  Maps  and  Bulletins. 

At  the  more  prominent  stations  and 
those  in  large  cities,  Weather  Maps  are 
posted  conspicuously  every  morning,  show- 
ing, by  means  of  variable  symbols,  the 
morning  reports  of  the  different  stations. 
The  midnight  report  is  gratuitously  fur- 
nished to  morning  newspapers  that   are 


published  in  a  city  where  a  station  of  ob- 
servation may  be,  and  the  morning  report 
is  also  delivered  to  the  afternoon  papers  in 
time  for  publication. 

In  addition  to  these  bulletins,  a  table  of 
Synopses  and  Probabilities  is  prepared  at 
the  office  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  and 
issued  thrice  daily,  at  1  a.  m.,  10  a.  m.  and 
7  p.  m.  A  weather  map  is  also  issued, 
showing  the  condition  of  the  weather  in 
all  places  which  are  in  communication 
with  the  Corps.  We  shall  give  to  the 
readers  of  the  Press  a  fac  simile  of  one  of 
j  these  maps  in  a  future  issue,  so  that  they 
may  be  able  to  judge  of  their  efficiency 
and  completeness. 

Instruments  Used. 
The  observations  taken  three  times  a 
day  by  the  observers  at  their  respective 
stations  and  telegraphed  to  Washington, 
,  are  made  by  the  use  of  the  following  in- 
struments :  the  thermometer  for  ascertain- 
ing the  temperature  of  the  atmosphere  ; 
the  barometer  for  the  weight ;  the  hy- 
grometer for  the  humidity  or  amount  of 
moisture  ;  the  pluviometer  or  rain  gauge 
for  the  amount  of  rain  which  has  fallen  ; 
and  the  anemometer  to  tell  the  velocity  of 
the  wind.  All  these  observations  are 
taken  simultaneously,  and  a  result  is  eas- 
ily reached  and  predictions  made  from 
deductions  drawn  from  the  data  thus  col- 
lected at  one  point. 

Utility  of  the  System. 

As  we  remarked  in  a  former  issue,  the 
verification  of  the  prediction  of  the  Signal 
Service  Corps  by  our  last  storm  has  caused 
more  general  attention  to  be  drawn  to  its 
benefits  on  this  coast,  although  the  system 
has  been  thoroughly  inaugurated  through- 
out the  East,  and  is  now  in  good  working 
order.  The  maps  and  bulletins  are  con- 
sulted by  merchants,  ship  owners,  farmers, 
and  in  fact,  by  all  who  are  enlightened 
enough  to  appreciate  them,  and  have  al- 
most become  as  necessary  as  town  clocks. 
When  the  entire  system  has  become  thor- 
oughly organized  in  our  part  of  the  cou  n- 
try  it  will  be  of  great  advantage  to  all 
classes  who  may  be  at  all  interested  in  me- 
teorological changes. 

The  science  of  meteorology  is  still,  so  to 
speak,  in  its  infancy  and  it  cannot  there- 
fore be  expected  that  the  exactness  of  more 
favored  sciences  can  be  attained,  and  until 
more  data  and  generalizations  are  pro- 
procured,  the  public  should  make  due  al- 
lowance for  any  discrepancies  which  occur 
between  weathor  prognostics  and  the 
weather  following.  The  Chief  Signal  offi- 
cer of  the  army  has  just  issued  from  his 
office  a  small  pamphlet,  entitled  "Caution- 
ary Signals"  which  fully  describes  the 
signals  to  be  employed  by  his  corps  of  ob- 
server sergeants  at  the  various  stations 
and  points  throughout  the  country  and 
he  says  that  "aware  of  the  immense 
difficulty  of  attaining  unerring  and  uni- 
form accuracy  in  the  display  of  signals, 
and  anxious  to  aid  the  citizens  as  much  as 
possible  in  forming  a  correct  estimate  of 
coming  changes,  great  pains  are  taken  to 
state  clearly  that  wherever  a  signal  is 
hoisted  it  is  simply  cautionary,  and  is  only 
designed  to  forewarn  of  probable  danger. 
Disastrous  and  extensive  storms  rarely  fail 
to  give  premonition  to  every  one  who  care- 
fully observes  the  daily  rise  and  fall  of 
mercury  in  the  barometer.  The  caution- 
ary signal,  combined  with  weather  reports 
from  which  it  is  deduced,  cannot  fail  to 
convey  to  all  who  are  really  concerned  to 
know  the  future  weather  a  necessary 
warning  of  the  danger  that  is  probably  ap- 
proaching. " 

Signals. 

The  signal  is  a  square  red  flag,  with  a 
square  center  of  black  for  denoting  danger 
by  day,  and  a  red  lantern  to  denote  danger 
by  night.  The  official  text  says  that  this 
observance  of  the  cautionary  signal  calls 
for  frequent  examination  of  local  barome- 
ters and  other  instruments,  by  those  inter- 
ested, and  the  study  of  local  signs  of  the 
weather,  as  clouds,  etc.  By  this  means 
those  who  are  expert  may  often  be  con- 
firmed as  to  the  need  of  the  precaution 
to  which  the  cautionary  signal  calls  atten- 
tion or  may  determine  that  the  danger  is 
overestimated   or  past. 

We  will  give  in  a  f  uture  issue  some  de- 
tails in  regard  to  laws  already  known  re- 
specting storms,  and  will  continue  to  fur- 
nish weekly  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  are 
interested  in  meteorological  science,  the 
result  of  the  daily  observations  of  the  Sig- 
nal Service  Corps  for  those  particular  local- 
ities which  will  be  of  interest  to  persons  on 
this  coast.  Of  course  these  figures  will 
come  to  our  subscribers  too  late  for  them 
to  make  any  satisfactory  predictions,  but 
they  will  be  of  value  as  recording  the  vari- 
ous changes,  rainfall,  etc. ,  of  stations  men- 
tioned. 


10 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS! 


[January  6,  1872. 


JOMESTIC     ECONOMY. 


Hard  Beds. 

The  preference  for  hard  beds  as  being 
more  healthy  than  soft  ono3,  is  worthy 
only  of  those  who  have  settled  down  into 
a  Diogenes-in-the-tub  life.  It  is  true  a 
tired  person  will  sleep  soundly  on  a  hard 
bed,  and  habit  may  make  such  a  bed  accep- 
table; but  whoever  has  felt  the  almost 
human  kindliness  and  warmth  of  a  soft 
hair  mattress,  cannot  go  back  to  husks  and 
straw  without  a  pang.  Let  us  look  at  the 
matter  physiologically.  The  spinal  col- 
umn is  composed  of  24  pieces  of  bone  fas- 
tened together  by  cartilage,  with  a  little 
cushion  of  highly  elastic  cartilage  nicely  fit- 
ted in  between  each  to  prevent  friction  and 
permit  perfect  freedom  of  movement.  The 
spiue  is  not  straight  but  curves  in,  as  ev- 
ery body  knows,  at  the  small  of  the  back 
and  curves  out  again.  In  a  perfect  bed 
every  part  of  this  vertebral  column  will 
be  supported,  but  in  a  hard,  unyielding 
surface  this  is  not  possible.  One  portion 
of  the  body  rests  firmly  on  the  bed  beneath 
it,  while  another  in  a  line  with  it  receives 
no  support.  Sleep  on  such  a  bed  will  not 
restore  the  wearied  frame  nearly  so  well  as 
repose  on  an  elastic  couch  where  every 
part  of  the  body  is  equally  supported.  We 
do  not  recommend  softness  but  elasticity. 

Feathers,  except  in  very  cold  weather, 
are  unwholesome,  because  they  retain  an 
excess  of  warmth  about  the  body,  and  also 
because  they  absorb  the  insensible  perspi  • 
ration  thrown  off  by  the  pores,  and  permit 
the  body  to  re-absorb  the  excrementitious 
matter.  A  bed  of  soft,  fresh  straw,  evenly 
distributed  and  covered  with  a  thin  cotton 
or  woolen  mattress,  may  be  a  good  resting 
place,  and  furnish  sweet  sleep.  But  how 
can  man  or  woman  rise  refreshed  from  a 
couch  of  straw  or  a  shuck  mattress  which 
has  been  in  nightly  use  without  renewal 
for  a  series  of  years  ?  Yet  there  are  por- 
tions of  this  very  land  of  plenty  where 
travelers  are  put  to  sleep  upon  just  such 
beds  as  this. 

Every  man  in  grazing  districts  may  own 
a  dozen  or  two  coarse  woolen  Bheep. 
These  and  their  increase  will  in  a  short 
time  give  him  wool  mattresses  than  which 
none  are  more  pleasant,  more  wholesome, 
or  durable.  The  tag-locks  washed  and 
carded  should  be  hoarded  by  every  farm- 
er's wife  for  this  purpose.  In  cities  and 
villages,  and  in  the  more  populous  parts 
of  our  country,  those  who  can  afford  good 
sleeping  places  generally  have  them.  The 
degree  of  refinement  and  cultivation,  as 
well  as  wealth  one  has  attained,  may  be 
easily  read  by  one  glance  at  their  sleeping 
apartment. 

How  to  Cook  a  Beefsteak. — A  beef- 
steak is  always  best  broiled;  but  the  fol- 
lowing method  is  recommended  by  a  lady 
writer,  when  broiling  is  not  convenient: 

The  frying  pan  being  wiped  dry,  place  it 
upon  the  stove  and  let  it  become  hot. 
In  the  meantime  the  steak — if  it  chance  to 
be  a  sirloin  so  much  the  better — pepper 
and  salt  it,  then  lay  it  on  the  hot,  dry  pan, 
which  instantly  cover  as  tight  as  possible. 
When  the  raw  flesh  touches  the  heated 
pan,  of  course  it  seethes  and  adheres  to  it, 
but  in  few  seconds  it  be  comes  loosened  and 
juicy.  Every  half  minute  turn  the  steak; 
but  be  careful  to  keep  it  as  much  as  possi- 
ble under  cover.  When  nearly  done  lay  a 
small  piece  of  butter  upon  it,  and  if  you 
want  much  gravy  add  a  tablespoonful  of 
strong  coffee.  This  makes  the  most  de- 
licious, delicately  broiled  steak,  full  of 
juice,  yet  retaining  the  healthy,  beef  flavor 
that  any  John  Bull  could  require.  The 
same  method  may  be  applied  to  mutton 
chops,  or  ham,  only  they  require  more 
cooking  to  prevent  them  from  being  rare. 
An  excellent  gravy  may  be  made  by  ad- 
ding a  little  cream,  thickened  by  a  pinch 
of  flour,  into  which,  when  off  the  fire 
and  partially  cool,  stir  the  yolk  of  an  egg 
well  beaten. 


Importance  op  Cookeky. — The  prepara- 
tion and  cooking  of  food  should  receive  its 
proper  share  of  attention,  if  the  greatest 
amount  of  benefit  is  to  be  derived  from  its 
introduction  in  the  system.  Blot,  the 
professor  of  this  art,  says  that  green  vege- 
tables, such  as  cabbage,  spinach,  etc., 
should  be  put  in  boiling  water,  but  dry 
vegetables,  as  beans  and  peas  should  be 
put  in  cold  water  to  cook,  after  having 
been  previously  soaked  in  lukewarm  water. 
In  the  case  of  potatoes,  the  eyes  or  germs 
are  to  be  cut  out,  and  the  skin  rubbed  or 
scraped  off,  then  steamed  or  roasted.  He 
thinks  that  fish,  although  containing 
twenty    per   cent,    of    nutritious    matter, 


ought  to  be  partaken  of  at  least  twice  a  week, 
as  it  contains  more  phosphorus  than  any 
other  food,  and  serves  to  supply  the  waste 
of  that  substance  in  the  system,  and  par- 
ticularly of  the  brain. 

Prevention  of  Dampness. 

Dampness  in  walls  is  often  a  great  an- 
noyance to  housekeepers,  and  in  moist  cli- 
mates good  precautions  should  be  taken  to 
keep  it  out  of  the  walls  and  buildings. 
It  may  be  prevented  from  rising  in  brick 
or  stone  walls  by  a  thorough  application 
of  asphaltum  to  the  upper  portion  of  the 
foundation,  or  to  several  of  the  lower  tiers 
of  bricks.  Asphaltum  thoroughly  applied 
to  the  outside  of  brick  work  will  also  pre- 
vent the  ingress  of  dampness.  The  walls 
may  be  painted  over  the  asphaltum,  if  de- 
sired. 

Another  method  is  also  recommended  by 
by  a  leading  scientific  paper  as  follows: — 
Three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  mottled  soap 
are  to  be  dissolved  with  one  gallon  of 
boiling  water,  and  the  hot  solution  spread 
steadily  with  a  flat  brush  over  the  outer 
surface  of  the  brickwork,  taking  care  that 
it  does  not  lather;  this  is  to  be  allowed  to 
dry  for  twenty-four  hours,  when  a  solu- 
tion formed  of  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of 
alum  dissolved  in  two  gallons  of  water  is 
to  be  applied  in  a  similar  manner  over  the 
coating  of  soap.  The  operation  should  be 
performed  in  dry,  settled  weather.  The 
soap  and  alum  mutually  decompose  each 
other,  and  form  an  insoluble  varnish  which 
the  rain  is  unable  to  penetrate,  and  this 
cause  of  dampness  is  thus  effectually  re- 
moved. 

Alum  is  also  a  valuable  prevention  of 
mildew.  Cloths  or  other  fabrics  dipped 
into  strong  alum  water,  are  proof  against 
mildew,no  matter  how  much  they  may  after- 
wards be  exposed  to  damps  or  other  causes 
favoring  the  growth  of  this  disagreeable 
fungus. 

About  a  year  ago,  says  a  correspondent 
of  the  Journal  of  Chemistry,  I  was  filling 
up  a  large  scrap-book,  and  in  the  course 
of  my  work  used,  in  connection  with  a 
goodly  amount  of  paste,  a  small  quantity 
that  had  alum  in  it.  A  spell  of  wet 
weather  coming  on  before  my  book  was 
dry,  caused  it  to  mildew  badly  throughout, 
except  where  the  alum  paste  had  been 
used;  there,  no  trace  of  mildew  was  to  be 
seen.  Upon  observing  this,  I  began  try- 
ing various  experiments  with  alum  as  a 
mildew  preventive,  all  of  which  succeeded, 
though  put  to  the  most  severe  tests.  I 
therefore  feel  that  I  have,  by  the  merest 
accident,  made  a  valuable  discovery,  and 
as  such  I  take  pleasure  in  offering  it  to  the 
public. 

The  Boast  Tdbkey. — Here  is  the  New 
England  method:  Select  a  fine,  plump, 
yellow-skinned. turkey,  weighing  from  ten 
to  twelve  pounds.  Examine  it  thoroughly 
to  see  that  all  the  pin  feathers  are  taken 
out;  hold  it  over  a  blaze  to  singe  any  fine 
hairs  that  may  remain;  wash  it  thoroughly 
inside  and  out,  and  rub  it  over  with  salt. 
Take  the  gizzard,  heart  and  liver,  put  them 
into  cold  water,  and  let  them  boil  until 
tender.  When  done,  chop  them  very  fine. 
Take  stale  bread,  or  the  large  Boston 
crackers,  and  grate  or  chop  them.  Add 
salt,  pepper,  and  some  sweet  herb,  if  liked, 
to  the  bread  crumbs ;  after  which  beat  up 
two  eggs  with  which  to  moisten  the 
crumbs;  add  and  mix  thoroughly  with 
this  the  chopped  ' '  inwards, "  not  forget- 
ting to  put  in  salt  and  butter.  Fill  the 
inside  of  the  turkey  with  the  dressing, 
taking  care  that  the  neck  and  crop  is  made 
to  look  plump,  and  sew  the  openings, 
drawing  the  skin  tightly  together.  Then 
rub  a  little  butter  over  your  turkey,  and 
lay  it  upon  the  grate  of  your  meat  pan. 
Cover  the  bottom  of  the  pan  well  with 
boiling  water.  After  a  half  hour  baste 
the  turkey  by  pouring  over  it  the  gravy 
that  has  begun  to  form  in  the  pan.  Be- 
peat  the  basting  once  in  about  fifteen  min- 
utes. In  an  oven  of  average  temperature 
a  12-pound  turkey  will  require  at  least 
three  hours;  but  every  oven  has  its  own 
way  of  baking,  and  the  cook  must  be  gov- 
erned by  it. — Bearth  and  Home. 

The  Boast  Goose  is  to  be  prepared  in 
the  same  manner  as  the  turkey.  The  dress- 
ing should  be  made  of  mashed  potatoes, 
seasoned  with  salt,  pepper  and  sage,  or 
onions,  if  according  to  the  taste  of  the 
family.  Make  giblet  sauce  by  boiling  the 
"inwards"  until  very  tender,  chopping 
them  fine,  and  adding  them  to  a  gravy 
made  by  using  the  liquor  in  which  they 
were  boiled,  thickened  with  flour,  and  to 
which  has  been  added  one  ounce  of  butter, 
and  pepper  and  salt  to  suit  the  taste. — 
Hearth  and  Home. 


Mechanical  Hints. 

The  Use  op  Sckews. — Mechanics  gen- 
erally drive  screws  into  wood  without  any 
precaution.  But  in  cabinet  and  all  other 
fine  work,  especially,  it  would  be  well  to 
use  certain  precautions  which  are  given  as 
follows  in  the  Manufacturer  and  Builder : — 
When  the  wood  is  very  hard,  it  may  ease 
the  labor  of  getting  the  screw  home  when 
you  grease  it;  and  when  you  expect  that 
the  screw  will  some  time  have  to  be  taken 
out,  it  is  well  to  grease  or  oil  it,  to  pre- 
vent it  rusting  Also  when  the  object  is 
exposed  to  dampness,  screws  should  be 
protected  in  this  way.  When  the  wood  is 
very  soft,  or  when  some  strain  may  cause 
the  screws  to  work  loose,  warm  them,  dip 
them  in  melted  glue,  and  also  put  a  few 
drops  of  glue  in  the  hole.  The  latter  is 
useful  when  in  repairing  an  article  it  is 
found  that  the  holes  are  rather  large.  If 
you  cannot  get  other  screws  large  enough 
to  fill  the  hole,  use  a  wooden  plug  inserted 
with  glue,  and  make  a  new  hole  in  the 
plug  or  next  to  it.  If  the  objects  are  ex- 
posed to  dampness,  apply  powdered  resin, 
the  only  precaution  being  to  heat  the 
screw  sufficiently  to  melt  the  resin.  If 
you  want  the  screws  to  stick  so  fast  that 
they  can  not  be  got  out  without  breaking, 
put  some  vinegar  or  other  suitable  acid  in 
the  hole,  which  will  rust  them  in. 

Colored  Cements. — A  writer  in  Comptes 
Rendits  states  that  colored  cements  which 
harden  rapidly  may  be  made  as  follows: 
He  takes  a  solution  of  silicate  of  soda  (sp. 
gr.,  1,298)  and  adds  to  it,  while  stirring, 
first  pulverized  and  previously  washed, 
lixiviated  chalk,  so  as  to  form  a  thick  mass 
like  butter,  to  which  are  added,  for  color- 
ing purposes,  the  following  substances: 
Finely  pulverized  sulphuret  of  antimony 
for  black,  iron  filings  for  gray,  zinc  dust 
for  whitish  gray,  carbonate  of  copper  for 
bright  green,  oxide  of  chromium  for  deep 
green,  cobalt  blue  for  blue,  red  lead  for 
orange,  vermillion  for  bright  red,  and  car- 
mine for  a  violet  blue.  This  cement  hard- 
ens within  from  six  to  eight  hours,  and 
may  afterward  be  polished,  becoming  like 
marble. 

Alloy  of  Copper  and  Cast  Iron. — 
The  alloy  of  equal  parts  of  copper  and 
cast  iron,  introduced  by  Soret,  is  not  as 
well  known  as  it  deserves  to  bo.  It  has 
the  appearance  of  zinc,  is  much  harder 
than  copper,  and  tougher  than  cast  iron. 
In  casting  it  does  not  adhere  to  the  forms; 
it  does  not  rust  in  the  air;  and  it  may  be 
used  successfully  for  many  parts  of  ma- 
chinery, statues,  etc.  After  casting,  it 
may  be  easily  electroplated,  or  the  copper 
may  be  exposed  by  dissolving  the  iron 
from  the  surface  with  a  suitable  acid. 


The  Way  to  Succeed. 

Fortune,  success,  position  are  never 
gained  but  by  piously,  determinedly, 
bravely  striking,  growing,  living  to  a  thing 
till  it  is  fairly  accomplished.  In  short,  you 
must  carry  a  thing  through  if  you  want  to 
be  anybody  or  anything,  no  matter  if  it 
does  cost  you  the  pleasure,  the  society 
and  the  thousand  pearly  gratifications  of 
life.  No  matter  for  these.  Stick  to  the 
thing  and  carry  it  through.  Believe  you 
were  made  for  the  matter,  and  that  no  one 
else  can  do  it.  Put  forth  your  whole  en- 
ergies. Be  awake,  electrify  yourself,  and 
go  forth  to  the  task.  Only  once  learn  to 
carry  through  a  thing  in  all  its  complete- 
ness and  proportion,  and  you  will  become 
a  hero.  You  will  think  better  of  yourself, 
others  will  think  better  of  you.  The  world 
in  its  very  heart  admires  the  stern  and  de- 
termined doer.  It  sees  in  him  its  best 
sight,  its  brightest  object,  its  richest  treas- 
ure. Drive  right  along,  then,  in  whatever 
you  undertake,  and  consider  yourself  am- 
ply sufficient  for  the  deed.  You  will  be 
successful . 

Building  Character. — There  is  a  struct- 
ure which  everybody  is  building,  young 
and  old,  each  one  for  himself.  It  is  called 
character ,  and  in  every  act  of  life  is  a  stone. 
If  day  by  day  we  be  careful  to  build  our 
lives  with  pure,  noble,  upright  deeds,  at 
the  end  will  stand  a  fair  temple,  honor- 
ed by  God  and  man.  But,  as  one  leak  will 
sink  a  ship,  and  one  flaw  break  a  chain,  so 
one  mean,  dishonorable,  untruthful  act  or 
word  will  forever  leave  its  impress  and 
work  its  influence  on  our  character.  Then 
let  the  several  deeds  unite  to  form  a  day 
and  one  by  one  the  days  grow  into  noble 
years,  and  the  years,  as  they  slowly  pass 
will  raise  at  last  a  beautiful  edifice,  endur- 
ing forever  to  our  praise. 

We  should  never  throw  out  against  a  man 
broken  hints  and  dark  inuendoes,  which 
would  leave  the  hearers  to  suspect  anything 
and  everything  that  ill-nature  can  sug- 
gest. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

Ko.    814    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

BAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

And    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  superior  quality,  fresh  from  the 

MILLS.    It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  ineveiy 
way  snperior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 
We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold    THeclals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for   the   superiority   of   out 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HEROTJLES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  Buperior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  he  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 


S«MEft 


A  Delightful  Hiss.— There  is  the  hiss  of  ridicule, 
the  hiss  of  scorn,  the  hiss  of  snakes  in  the  grass;  but 
the  moBt  delightful  hiss  is  that  of 

Tarrant's  Efferveeoent  Seltzer  Aperient 
In  the  sparkling  goblet,  giving  assurance  to  the  invalid 
that  his  thirst  will  be  deliciously  assauged;  that  his 
6tomach  will  he  refreshed  and  purified;  that  if  he  is 
feverish,  his  body  will  be  cooled  by  healthful  evapo- 
ration; that  if  he  is  constipated,  the  difficulty  will  pass 
away  without  a  pang,  and  that  if  the  condition  of  his 
general  health  is  impaired,  it  will  be  speedily  restored. 
Of  course,  he  will  take  euro  to  procure  none  but 
the  genuine. 

SOU)  BY  ALL  DRUGGISTS. 


SEL1M1K 


AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Roasting    Ite1>ellloxxs    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  sulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  addreeB 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONROE    THOMSON, 

At  444  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  26v23-3m 

Longshore's  Combination  Tool. 


This  device  is  just  what  its  name  indicates.  As  a 
Kitchen  Tool  it  is  indispensable.  It  will  fit  and  lift 
with  perfect  safety,  any  Stove  Lid,  Frying  Pan,  Pie  Pan, 
Pot,  Kettle,  or  any  other  vessel  or  dish  used  about  a 
stove.  It  is  a  complete  tool  for  Btretching  carpets, 
driving  tacks,  pulling  tacks,  &c,  Jtc.  It  answerB  the 
duuble  purpose  ol  hammer  and  pincers,  and  is  also  a 
good  Nut  Cracker.  It  is  made  of  the  best  malleable 
iron,  and  the  Hammer,  Pincers  and  tack  puller,  are  all 
hardened  so  as  to  stand  the  roughest  usage.  An  Agent 
is  wanted  in  every  town  on  the  Pacific  Coast  to  Bell  this 
valuable  little  implement.  Retail  price  fifty  cents. 
WIESTEE,  &  CO., 
17  New  Montgomery  street  {Grand  Hotel) , 

San  Francisco. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 
MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

—FOR— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 


A.  J.  SMITH, 
PLUMB  ER, 

— AND— 

Manufacturer  of  Pumps  and  "Water  Closets, 

No.  220  Fremont  street,  opposite  Fulton  and  Mtna, 

J-'on  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

18v23-3m 


January  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


11 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BHOWNE, 

oflice.  >'«>.  'in  BCoikt^oniery  jiiocK, 

San  Fhuhtooo,  0u>. 


Spectacles  My   Specialty. 

C.  HDTXEB,  OptteLu, 
300  Montgomery  »tr.  •■(,  Bnu  Blook. 


JOHN    E0A0H,  Optician, 

Hit  removed  from    j-'-    Mniituoinory  street  to 
5  1D  Wuahlnxlon  »lrcct, 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


STOUT,    MILLS    &    TEMPLE, 

PBOrBlETOUft  OP  THE 

GLOBE     IRON     WOKKS, 

DAYTON.    OHIO. 


E.  J.  FRASER,   M.  D., 


SURGEON, 


No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Farmers  and  Mechanics 
BANK    OF    S*  A.  V  I  N  G  !s! , 

No.  »*.»  Human.  Mir.-,-!. 

lDt.re.tp.ld  on  Depu.lta.    Money  Loaned  on  Real  Estate. 
II.  BUTTON,  President. 
QEO.  II.  COS  DEE   Caabler.  19vl6Jru 


N.    P.    LANOLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SAWYER, 

No.  485  Brannun  8trcet 3an  Francisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St..  bet.  First  and  Second, 


■Jlvi.l.tf 


Sackammo. 


.   a.RTLIHC. 


NaT  i:i':iiill. 


BARTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

.">o.",  Cluy  street.  tNouthwest  cor.  Sanaome), 
15vl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


P3A.1V    FRANCISCO 

CORDIS  E     C  O  M  P  A  1ST  T . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    AIbo,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.     Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropen 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TTJBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

26  611  and  613  Front  street. 


JOSEPH    GILLOTT'S 

STEEX.    deists. 

S0I1I  by  all  Dcalera  throughout  the  World. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

e  E  A.  I_      E  IV  G  K,  A.  "V  E  H, , 
A.NB  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  tiOS  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

This  Favorite  House  is  located  on  Jackson  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery;  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.  The  International  Coach  will 
b<-  at  each  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In- 
ternational Hotel,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Hotel 
free,  and  to  Hny  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates. 
F-  E.  WEYGANT  fc  H.  C.  PARTRIDGE, 

24v22-3m  Proprietors, 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 

Meerschaum   Pipe    Manufacturer, 


Hydraulic 

ENGINEERS 


No.    341     KEARNY    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Fine  Btreets,  San  Francisco. 

The  flrBt  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  CoaBt. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieceB  Fitted. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FRANCISCO.  , 

Capital,   One   Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BKUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 
o.    415    CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

25v20-qy 

STEINWAY  &  SONS' 
Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 


CRAIG    &    BREVOORT'S 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 

PUMPS,    &e. 


Manufacturers 


American   Turbine   Water  Wheel. 

MILL  HEARING  AND  SHAFTIXO 
Of  all  Descriptions,  and  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

Water  Powers  Estimated  and  Plans  Furnished. 

A.  L.  STOUT.  W.  M.  MILLS,  J.  TEMPLE. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circular.  2'2v23-3ui-sa 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad    Co., 


OFFICE,  12  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


TO    CONTRACTORS,     MINERS,     ETC. 


Pianos  to  Let- 


A.    HEY1AN, 


I  Btreet,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


By  this  invention,  one  man,  with  one  horse  and  five 
cars,  does  the  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horses  and  ten  carts. 

Highly  Approved  by  aU  wllo  Use  Them. 

OAKS    AND    TRACKS     FOR     SALE     OR     TO    LET 

Samples  at  the  office.    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Sale. 

23v22eo-\v26t 


HOOVER'S 

New     and     Superior     Chromos. 

The  Changed  Cross,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Faithful  Crowned,  size  22  by  28. 

"Virgin  Mary  and  St.  John,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Holy  Family,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Beautiful  Snow,  size  16  by  22. 

Delhi,  Delaware  County,  N.  "Z.,  size  20  by  28. 

ALL    REAL    GEMS    OF    ART. 

Sold  by  Leading  Dealers  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  "Wholesale  by  the  Pub- 
lishers. 

J.    HOOVER, 

804    Market    Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
5v23-8m-oow 


ROSS    PATENT 

MONITOR    MOLDING     MACHINE, 

MADE   BY 

R.    BALL   &   00.,    "Worcester,  Mass., 

Manufacturers  of  the  latest  Improved  Wood-working 
Machixeky  for  Planing  Mills,  Car  Shops,  Agricultural 
Implements,  Furniture,  Sash,  Blind,  and  Door  Facto- 
ries., etc.,  etc.  Send  for  Illustrated  Catalogue  andPrice 
List. 
RICHARD  BALL.  E.  P.  HALSTEAD. 

m4-eowly 


NO.    1. 

The  unuexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  in- 
tended to  be  attached  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  bringing  it  within  the  class  of  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  Ub  wort  in  the  cylinder,  In- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  1b  con- 
ducted to  the  condenser,  on  its  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  pump,  and  is  Lmmedi- 
att-ly  condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  section  of  the 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevutiou. 

The  flange  D  is  bolted  to  the  Buctlon  orifice  of  the 
pump,  and  the  flange  S  to  the  pipe  leading  to  the  well, 
or  whatever  source  of  Bupply  the  pump  may  have;  W  is 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  aud  with  which  the  suction  pipe,  S,  com. 
iuunicates,  permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  the  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valve  to  enlarge  or  contract  the  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  The  pipe  P,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  as  a 
guide  to  float  F. 

The  valve,  C,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem — shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpose  of  in 
creasing  or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
the  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  iB  attached. 


Situation  as  Chemist  "Wanted. 

The  undersigned,  having  completed  the  working 
course  of  Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College,  Easton,  Pa., 
including  Dry  Assay  of  Ores  and  Blowpipe  Analysis, 
desires  a  situation  requiring  a 

Practical  Knowledge  of  Chemistry. 
By  permission  refers  to  Dr.  Traill  Green,  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College. 

B.  CHAMBERS,  Jb., 
20v23-3m  Chambersburg.Pa. 


The  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  -way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  side  of  the  steam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  time  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhaust  pipe, 
into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  the  steam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  done  the 
pump  is  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORP, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City 


8ELF-OILERS. 

WATERS' 
SELF-OILERS. 

PATENTED  October  21,1862; 
July  6,  1867;  July  23  and  Sept. 
22,  1868,  and  June  20,  1869. 

Glass  reservoir,  with  white 
metal  coupling  cast  on. 

Substantial  braBS  stem,  with 
graduating  plug— V  slot  on 
one  side,  xs  shown  in  magni- 
fied cut— in  the  top. 

The  best  and  cheapest 
OILER  in  the  market;  perfect 
lubrication  on  loose  pulleys  and  all  kinds  of  bearings. 
Any  kind  of  Oil  in  any  kind  of  weather.  Price,  $4.50 
per  dozen    Liberal  discount  to  agents  and  to  the  trade. 

WATERS    &    CO., 
nol8-3m      164  Elm  st,  near  Fourth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bbidgeb,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Etc. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli 
cation  to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila 
delphia.  ap8-ly 


Travelers'  Guide. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 


OVERLAND     TRAINS. 


Kl|ltVBB 

DaiW.ria 
Oakland 


Daily,  ril 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y. 

MICROTI  OPES. 

Illustrated    Price    List    sent    free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  illustrated,    sent    free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York 

3v23-ly 


LEAVE 

7.00  AM 
i.lAAM 
7.50 
8.35  am 

1121  A  M 


I il. 30  A  M 
12. 'O  P  M 
2.00  P  M 
.VI'.  I'M 
12.4S  AU 

9.10  am 

12.00     M 

1.1"  PM 
6.20  A  M 

AltKIVE. 


Dec.  6. 

isn. 


..Sao  Francisco... 

-Oakland 

..  San  Jose , 

...Nilea 

...Stockton 

...Valkjo  

...Davis 

. .   Sacra iuca to 

.  L'olfax 

..  .Reno 

.  ..Winuemucca 

...Battle  Muuutaiti 

...Elko , 

. .  Ogden 


laily.vii 
ITtUojo. 


L'ij>res» 
Daily,  vi- 
Oakland 


5.3"  PM  , 
3.10PM  . 
130  1-  m 
10.20  E>  V 
2.10  a  H 
4.  15  pw 

1.25  V  M 
8.45  a  M 
5.20  I' Ml 
LEAVE' 


ARRIVE. 
8.30  PM 
i  R.UO  P  M 
8.30  PM 
7.05fm 
4.22  P  M 


Sau  Francisco  and  San  Jose. 


7.10  PM 
B.30PM 

akihv  >:. 


i.K\\  f:. 
3.00  I-  M 

4.40   r  M 

■5.30  P. v 
AHKIVE. 


...San  I-'raDci 
. .  Nilea  ....  , 
..  .San  Jose.. 


Alt  111  VE. 

10.40  a  M 
8.35  am 
7.  0am 
LEAVE. 


5.3fl  p  m 
4.10  PM 
LE«VK. 


San  Francisco,  Stockton  and  Modesto. 

LEAVE.         LEAVE.  ABHJVE.     ARRIVE. 

"4.00  1'Mi    7.00  AMI San  Francisco..]    tUiO  pm  1*12.40  i-  m 

8.I0pm|   11.U.5  am|...   Latlirop 4.45  pm      8.10a 


9.20  pm|    5.50  pm! Modesto 


7.W  .« 


Sacramento,  MarysvLUe  and  Tehama. 


LEAVE. 

•8.45  AM 
10.25  a  m 

I. .VI  l-M 

8.00  pm 


ARRIVE 


LEAVE. 

2.15  p  M 
3.25  P  M 
5.15  pm 
8.35 
9.30  PM 

ARRIVE. 


ARIUVE. 

Sacramento 

1.05  p  M 

•4.45  I'M 

Junction.. 

12.15  PSJ; 

3.25  P  M 

10.20  am1 

12.00  CK 

H-OOam 

LEAVE,    i 

LEAVE. 

OAKLAND  BRANCH. -Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00, 
8  10,  9  2  ,lo  10  and  11  20  a.m.,  12  HI,  1  50.  3  00,  4  00,  5  15,630.  8  0S 
9.20  and  '11  30  p.m.    (9  20,  II  2"  and  3  (.HI  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  •5  30,  6  40,7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  130. 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10.  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Lkave  Oakland,  *5  40.  6.50,  8  00,  9  10,  10  00.  and  11  10  a. 
m.,  1200, 1  40,  2  50.  3  ,50,  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH. -Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20,  9  00, 
and  1 1  15  a.  m.,  1  30.  4  00,  6  30  and  7  00  p.  m.  (7  20,  11  15  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Lf.'VEH<VWakdh,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fuuit  Vale,  * 5  25.  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m.,  130. 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 


CALIFORNIA   PACIFIC 

RAILROAD. 

Leave 
S.  Fran. 

Leave 
Vallejo. 

Arrive  at 
Calistoga. 

Arrive 

Marys'le. 

Arrive 
Saera'to. 

8.30  a  M 
"4.  0  pm 

+8.30  A  M 

10.30  A  M 

5.45  p  m 
10.35  A  M 

■*i.30pm 

8,15  ha 
1.00  pm 

4.00  PM 
10.25  r  M 

5  1.1  I'M 

1.30  I'M 

H.40PM 

Leave 

Sacra' to. 

•7.30  am 

2  30pm 

Leave 

Marvs'le. 

Leave 
Col  is  toga. 

Arrive 
Valleio. 

Arrive 
S.  Fran. 

12.15  pm 
7.30  r  M 
7.30  pm 

6.UUAM 
'11.30  am 
tl  0.4-5  a  M 

7.50  a  M 
*2.15pm 
3.00  pm 

10.15  .  M 
5.30  P  M 
5.20  P  M 

Sacramento,  Davis  and  MarysvLUe. 

11.45  am 
7. 1 5  p  M 
2.30  P  M 


12.50  P  M 
H.05  P  M 
13.  10  P  M 


Arrive 
Wood'ld 

1.2. 

S.3.5 
3.38 

'  M 
■M 
'M 

4.00  PM 
10.35  p  M 
5.15  PM 


"6.00  A  M 
•11.30  AM 
+10.45  A  M 


7.35  A  M 
2.30  P  M 
12.30pm 


8.15  a  M 
3.10  PM 
3.10  pm 


9.00  A  M 

4.00  PM 
1.30  PM 


12.15  PM 
7.30  P  M 
7.30  PM 


SAN   FRANCISCO    &    N.   PACIFIC  R.  R. 


'2.00  p  M 
4.35  P  M 
5.00  P  M 
6.00  P  M 
6. 45  p  M 


.San  Francisco.  . 
..Donahue 

.Petaluina 

..Santa  Rosa 

-Healdsliurg  


1100  AM 

8.45  AM 
8.20  AM 


CAL.  P.  R.  R.  CO.'S  STEAMERS. 


Leave,  J  Leave. 
'4.00  p  m  •4.00  PM 
6.00  pm    6.00PM 

2.00am 

2.00am    

Arrive.  I  Arrive. 


I  Arrive.  I  Arrive. 
..San  FranciHCo.   ..  MO.OO  P  M  *8.00  PM 

..Benitift S.00PM    6.00  p  M 

..Stockton 2.00pm 

, .Sacramento 12.00  M. 

I    Leave.  I  Leave. 


•Sundays  excepted.        tSundays  only. 
T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt.  Gen'l  Suj: 


UNION    PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

Running  from  Ogden,  Utah,  lo  Omaha,  Nebraska— over 
one  thousand  miles,  without  change  of  cars. 

MAKING   DIRECT    CONNECTIONS 

AT  OGDEN  with  the  Central  Pacific  R.  R.  (from  San 
Francisco) ;  also  with  the  Utah  Central  R.  R.  to  Salt  Lake 

AT  CHEYENNE  with  the.DENVER  Pacific  R.  R.,  for 
Denver  City  and  the  Mining  Districts  of  Colorado. 

AT  OMAHA,  for  Chicago,  Eastern  and  other  cities,  with 
the  Chicago  and  Northwestern;  Chicago,  Rouk  Island  and 
Pacific;  Burlington  and  Missouri  River:  St.  Joseph  and 
Council  Bluffs  Railroads ;  also,  for  St.  Louis  and  all  South- 
ern citiea. 

EXPRESS  TRAINS  RUN  DALLY.— The  TJ.  P.  R.  R.  use 
the  Westinghouse  patent  air  brake;  Miller  s  patent  trussed 
platform  and  elastic  car-coupler:  and  the  most  approved 
construction  of  cars  for  the  comfort  and  Bafety  of  passen- 

g  PULLMAN'S  MOST  MAGNIFICENT  PALACE  SLEEP- 
ING CARS  attached  to  express  trains. 

T.    L.    KTMBAT.T,, 
General  Passenger  Agent,  Omaha. 


LUBRICATING    OIL, 

THE    BEST    IN    THE    WORLD! 

The  attention  of  the  public  is  called  to  GRUBER'S 
NEW  PATENT  LUBRICATING  OH. 

For  running  Machinery  of  all  kinds  it  has  no  equal. 

It  will  not  gum,  and  runB  perfectly  smooth,  cool  and 
clean. 

This  OLL  offers  special  inducements  to  Farmers, 
Livery  Stable  Keepers,  etc. 

It  will  be  found  far  Superior 

To  any  other  Oil   or  Grease  now  in  use.  for  Carriages 
Wagons,  and  all  kinds  of  Farming  Machinery. 

Mill-men,  Printers,  and  all  others  having  occasion  to 
use  a  Lubricator,  will  find  a  decided  advantage  in  using 
this  Oil-one  gallon  being  equal  to  two  of  the  best  Oil 
in  the  market. 

Perfect  Satisfaction  Guaranteed 
OR    MONEY    REFUNDED. 
Orders  per  Mail  or  Express  wUl  receive  prompt  at- 
tention. 
B^"  Office  and  Salesroom— 

GRTJBER  LUBRICATING  OIL  CO., 

Corner  Drumm  and  Market  streets San  Fbancisco 

no25-3m-bp-sft 


12 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  6,  1872. 


RAIN  TABLE. 

We  publish  below  the  monthly  rainfall  at 
Sacramento,  from  the  year  1849,  including 
1871.  The  average  rainfall  at  that  point  is 
about  20  inches,  and  it  will  be  seen  from  the 
table  that  up  to  Jan.  1st,  of  this  year,  -within 
7%  inches  of  this  total  had  fallen.  As  the 
mean  amount  of  rainfall  for  January  is  3% 
inches,  and  the  maximum  15  inches,  we 
may  calculate  with  a  degree  of  certainty  of 
having  more  than  the  average  quantity  of  rain 
this  season.  - 

we  giTe  this  table  that  our  readers  may  use 
it  for  reference,  and  will  republish  it  with  ad- 
ditions, at  some  future  time. 


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Miners,  Bead  Youk  Mining  Journal. — 
Mr.  George  Bower,  Superintendant  of  the 
Bower  mine,  on  the  Mokelumne  Eiver,  as 
we  stated  last  week,  -was  soverely  injured 
the  week  before,  by  the  explosion  of  a  car- 
tridge which  he  had  placed  on  a  stove  to 
dry.  The  doctor  would  have  missed  a  fee 
and  Supt.  Bower  saved  an  eye  and  sev- 
eral fingers,  probably,  if  he  had  read  an 
article  on  the  proper  way  to  dry  these 
cartridges,  in  the  Scientific  Pkess  of  Dec. 
)th,  1871.  We  sympathize,  however,  with 
Mr.  Bower,  or  any  miner  who  is  suffering 
from  an  accident,  many  of  which  are  of 
;ourse  unavoidable.  We  advise  all  our 
'riends  in  mining  communities  to  read 
;heir  paper  and  they  will  surely  be  able  to 
{lean  some  information  which  will  be  of 
jither  immediate  or  ultimate  benefit  to 
ihem  in  one  way  or  another. 

A  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences 
yas  held  on  Tuesday  evening,  theproceed- 
ngs  of  which  we  will  give  next  week. 


We  call  the  attention  of  miners  gener- 
illy,  to  an  article  on  "  Salivation,"  on  the 
rth  page.  ■ 


Daily  Record, 


By  the  U.  S.  Army  Signal  Service,  for  the  week  ending 
Wednesday,  January  3,  1872. 


3§£ 


>  a)  ^1 


x-Z 


State   of 
Weather 


Eg  Thursd'y. 29.79 

§  Friday.... 29.14 

■*J  Saturday  30.02 

3  Sunday...  30.00 

S  Monday.. 29.1W 

?■  Tuesday..  30.2 1 

3  Wed' day.. 30.28 

Thursdy..  30.00 

£  Friday... 20.08 

s  Saturday.30.16 

H  Sunday...  30.18 

?  Monday. .30.1'^ 

'*  Tuesday..  30.22 
Wed'day.. 

^  Thursd'y.  27.82 

~"  Friday..-. 

■9.  Saturday, 

s.  Sunday... 29.01 

-  Monday. . 

fe  Tuesday.  .30.15 

£  Wed'day.  .29.15 

Thursd'y.  29.59 

a  Friday.  ..  29.49 

®  Saturday.  9.51 

=■  Sunday... 29.85 

5  Monday.. 

■*  Tuesday.  29.90 

Wed' day.. 30. 10 

5  Thursd'y  .28.99 

1  Friday.. ..'29.07 

2  Saturday.  28. 97 
a  Sunday... 29.47 
i*  Monday. . 

S  Tuesday.  29.90 

i*  Wed'day..29.87 

b  Thursd'y  29.37 

»  Friday..  . 

5  Saturday. 29.33 

3  Sunday... 29.89 
Monday. . 

S>  Tuesday.  29.96 

•-  Wed'day.. 29.89 

o  Thursd'y.. 30.08 

3  Friday.... 29.76 

=.  Saturday  29.37 

a  Sunday... 30.29 

Monday. . 

<!  Tuesday.  29.87 

p-  Wed'day..30.01 

fct  Thursd'y..30.48 

=  Friday....  30. '2 

3  Saturday  29.81 

•s  Sunday.. .30.09 

°  Monday. . 

~  Tuesday.  29.96 

n  Wed'day.. 30.32 


S.         Fresh  1.05  Threat's 

S.  E.    Fresh  .45  Cloudy 

S.  W.  Gentle  .82  Cloudy 

S.         Fresh  .01  Cloudy 

Ca'm  1.70  Cloudy 

Calm  .01  Cloudy 

E.         Gentle  Clear 

E.        Gentle  .02  Cloudy 

S.         Fresh  .01  Threat'g 

E.         Gentle  .48  Threat'g 

N.  K.    Gentle  .05  Fair 

Calm  Cloudy 

13.          Gentle  .05  Fair 


31       89     W.      Fresh 
11       39     N.  E.  Light 


W.  Fresh 
N.  E.    Gentle 

S.  W.  Fresh 
S.  W.  Fre-h 
W.  Gentle 
S.  W.  Brisk 

S.  W.  Fresh 
Calm 

W.  Brisk 
"W.  Fresh 
W.  Brisk 
S.  W.  Fresh 


Cloudy 

Cloudy 

.04    Fair 
.07    Cloudy 

.47    Cloudy 

Li .  Rain 
.55  Lt.Sn'w 
.04    Cloudy 


C'oudy 
Fair 

Cloudy 
Clear 


S. 
W. 


Gentle 

Fresh 


Calm 
Calm 

S.         Gentle 
N.  W.  Brisk 

S.        Light 

S.         Light . 

S.        Fresh    .1 
N.E.  Gentle 
S.  E.    Gentle 

N.  W   Gentle 


24       86 


Clear 
Hazy 
Cloudy 
Cioudy 


Lt.  Sn'w 
Cloudy 
Cloudy 
Cloudy 

Clear 
Fair 


METEOROLOGICAL    REPORTS. 

San  Francisco. 

The  following  is  the  meteorological  report  of  the 
month  as  computed  by  Mr.  Thomas  Tennent  of  this  city: 

Babometeb. — Mean  bight  at  9  a.  m.  30.17;  Mean  hight 
at  12  M.  30.16;  Mean  bight  at  3  p.  m.  30.14;  Mean  bight 
at  6  p.  m.  30.13;  Greatest  hight  on  the  4tb  at  9  A.  M.  30.42; 
Least  hight  on  the  21st  at  12  m.  29.69. 

Theemometee. — In  the  shade  and  free  from  reflected 
heat.  Mean  hight  at  9  a.  m.  54;  Mean  hight  at  12  si.  57; 
Mean  hight  at  3  P.  m.  58;  Mean  hight  at  6  p.  m,  56; 
Greatest  bight  on  the  20th,  at  3.  p.  m.  62;  Least  hight  on 
the  11th  at  9  a.  m.  46. 

Self-Registering  Thermometeb. — Mean  hight  dur- 
ing the  night,  42;  Greatest  bight  on  the  morning  of  the 
19th,  54;  Least  hight  on  the  morning  of  the  11th,  33. 

Rain  Gauge.— 2d,  0.16  in.;  17th,  0.63  in.;  18th,  3.22 
in.;  I9tb,  3.49  in.;  20th,  0.62  in.;  2lBt,  0.93  in.;  22d,  0  32 
in.;  23d,  3.48  in.;  26th,  0.15  in.;  27th,  0.74  in.;  28tb,  0.23 
in.;  29th,  1.04  in.;  30th,  0,13  in.;  31st,  1.60  in.  Total 
(during  the  great  storm  in  December) ,  16.74  in  14  days. 
Total  for  the  season,  20.60  in. 

Winds.— North,  NE  and  NW  on  12  days;  South  ana" 
SE  on  17  days;  West  on  2  days. 

Weather.—  Cioudy  on  18  days;  variable  on  8  days; 
clear  on  5  dayH. 


Stockton. 

[Reported  by  G.  A.  Shthitleff,  M.  D.,  Superintendent 

State  Insane  Asylum.] 

MONTHS. 

ISM 

1841 

1855 

1B5S 

1867 

1868 

I860 

I.S.I 

1871 

September 

03 

October... . 

.31 

.45 

.K>. 

a 

1115 

.15 

14 

November 

.111 

III 

VI 

.tu 

■>  III 

IM 

K 

.64 

1  in 

December 
Total  to 
Jan.    1st. 

1.3b 

.'23 

2.42 

2.99 

6.48 

3.45 

1.55 

1.35 

11.4! 

1.96 

.55 

3.16 

4.27 

9.29 

1  10 

3.43 

2.17 

12.72 

MONTHS. 

1853 

1HM 

1855 

1856 
4  SO 

— 

1868 
5.07 

1869 

1570 
1  H7 

1871 

1  47 

January... 

411 

?  H4 

2  90 

4.1R 

February . . 

.Hi 

H  !H 

a  vi 

1  ir> 

2.1* 

3  17 

'  ill 

1  711 

March 

!in 

:i  mi 

'2  "II 

1  2fi 

Sal 

'M9 

.9S 

30 

May 

'  'in 

:l  M 

H.VH 

1.16 

1  56 

1.59 

71 

I.Wi 

H. 

Mil 

1  IV 

,82. 

12 

1  llll 

111 

August. . . 

Total 

8.99 

25.01 

1..78 

12.37 

21.7a  16.3S9.23 

6.87 

Note.— IB57  to  1866  inclusive,  not  taken. 

The  above  has  been  sent  us  by  solicitation,  in  order  that 
the  readers  of  the  Press  may  compare  the  rainfall  of  Stock- 
ton with  that  of  other  points.  It  ia  reported  to  precisely  12 
p.  ai.,  December  31st,  1871. 


Sacramento. 
[ByT.M. Logan,  M.D.,  Secretary  State  Board  of  Health. 

Dec.  25, 1871.  Eainfall  for  the  season  to  date.  .9  .050  inches 
"      3L, 3.37!    *• 


Total  for  the  season  up  to  Jan  1, 1872 12  .421  inchs. 

Remarks.— The  average  annual  rainfall  at  Sacramento, 
is  about  twenty  inches,  lt  will  be  seen  from  the  above 
statement  that  we  have  received  within  seven  and  ont- 
half  inches  ol  this  total,  as  the  mean  amou tit  of  rainfall  for 
January  is  three  and'ooo-half  inches,  and  the  maximum 
for  this  month  fifteen  inches,  we  may  calculate  with  a 
degree  of  certainty  of  having  more  than  the  average  Quan- 
tity of  rain  this  season. 


Center  vtlle. 
Amount  of  rainfall  at  Centerville  from   December  15th 
Ion,  to  January  3d,  1872. 


Aid  to  Inventors. 


Editoks  Pbess:— The  Manufacturer  and 
Builder  mentions  a  very  useful  institution 
now  being  organized  in  New  York.  San 
Francisco  would,  I  believe,  derive  equal 
benefits  from  similar  associations.  It  is 
designed  to  assist  inventors,  by  giving 
them  a  place  and  the  use  of  tools.  There 
will  be  committees,  to  whom  inventors 
may  refer  their  ideas  or  their  models.  If 
the  report  be  favorable,  the  Society  will, 
in  consideration  of  an  interest  in  the  patent 


rights,  advance  means  to  develop  them. 
There  will  be  lecturers  and  artists  skilled 
in  drawing  designs  and  making  models; 
workshops  and  other  apartments,  with  con- 
veniences for  the  use  of  inventors. 

The  aim  will  be  to  enlist  all  mechanics 
in  the  scheme,  and  to  hold  regular  exhibi- 
tions, having  the  character  of  Pairs. 

This  movement  has  its  origin  in  the 
widespread  dissatisfaction  given  by  the 
awards  of  the  last  Fair  of  the  American 
Institute. 

There  is,  in  the  climate  of  California, 
something  that  stimulates  invention;  but, 
between  high  rents,  dear  money  and  ex- 
pensive steam  power,  inventors  find  unu- 
sual obstacles  to  the  exploitation  of  new 
conceptions.  "We  know  no  institution 
which  would  be  of  more  profit  to  the  State, 
considering  its  cost,  than  an  inventors'  aid 
association;  and  I  believe  there  would  be 
little  difficulty  in  getting  up  such  an  or- 
ganization, d.  R. 

Keal  inventors  are  often  poor  and  mod- 
est, and  need  cash  assistance.  Such  men, 
however,  know  the  merits  of  their  inven- 
tions better  than  committeemen.  If  lib- 
eral and  honest  men  in  this  city  will  devote 
sufficient  money  and  time  for  the  organi 
zation  and  perpetuation  of  such  an  associa 
tion,  we  hope  to  see  it  established.  Sev 
eral  small  associations  with  a  similar 
object,  however,  have  been  attempted  here 
and  failed.  One,  in  1869,  was  termed  the 
S.  F.  Inventors'  Association.  We  shall 
look  with  interest  for  and  report  any  suc- 
cess this  New  York  organization  meets 
with. 


Scribneb's  Monthly. — The  January  number 
is  a  rare  publication,  and  its  numerous  en- 
gravings are  finely  executed.  The  publishers 
apparently  aim  to  raise  the  reputation  of 
Ameiican  magazines  for  beautiful  wood  en- 
gravings, in  which  effort  they  are  eminently 
successful.  Printed  Ton  superior  paper  with 
artful  impressions,  pleasing  and  attractive  de- 
lineations form  pictures  indelible  in  the  memo- 
ries bi  the  most  cultivated  readers.  Scribner's 
views  of  the  Yellowstone,  in  volume  second, 
and  Yosemite  in  the  present  number  we  have 
never  seen  excelled.  No  one  will  be  disap- 
pointed who  reads,  this  new  and  first  class 
monthly*  We  append  a  summary  of  the  table 
of  contents  for  January: 

The  Orphan's  Christmas-Tree  —  Poem — Il- 
lustrated; The  Wonders  of  the  West — No.  1; 
The  Big  Trees  and  the  Yosemite — Illustrated; 
Song — Poem;  A  Christinas  Carol — Poem — Il- 
lustrated; Stephen  Skarridge's  Christmas — 
Illustrated;  A  Christmas  Symphony — Poem — 
Illustrated;  The  Last  Man  of  Mexican  Camp; 
The  two  Mrs.  Scudamores — Concluded;  Christ- 
mas— Poem;  Hunting  Adventures  in  India — 
Illustrated;  The  Oak  Tree's  Christmas  Gift; 
The  Great  Sea-Serpent;  A  Day  of  Scottish 
Games;  Some  Kinds  of  Spiritual  Quackery; 
Wilfrid  Cumbermede ;  Assault  of  Antinous  upon 
Ulysses;  At  His  Gates — Chapters  I  .-III — Illus- 
trated; Topics  of  the  Time;  The  Old  Cabi- 
net; Home  and  Society;  Culture  and  Pro- 
gress Abroad;  Culture  and  Progress  at  Home; 
Etchings — Christmas  in  Ole  Virginny. 

Published  by  Chas.  Scribner,  654  Broadway, 
$4  per  annum.  Bound  volumes  from  its  com- 
mencement, July  1,  1870,  can  be  obtained,  and 
will  be  highly  prized  by  those  who  desire  an 
excellent  magazine . 


A  Valuable  "Work. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Com- 
panion, by  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E  ,  recently  published  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  San  Francisco,  is  a  wort  which  will  com- 
mend itself  to  the  public,  not  only  for  the  completeness 
and  clearness  of  the  information  it  supplies,  but  for  the 
practical  assistance  it  affords  to  men  not  scientifically 
educated,  to  do  their  own  aBsuying.  It  is  a  handsome 
volume  of  640  pages  with  81  engravings.  The  work  is 
divided  into  five  sections,  treating  severally  of  Geology 
and  Mineralogy,  Explorations,  Assaying  and  Discrimi- 
nations, Mining  and  Engineering,  and  Metallurgy.  We 
know  of  no  work  on  these  subjects  in  the  English 
language  at  once  so  comprehensive,  practical  and  intel- 
ligible.— Golden  Era*  Dec.  YWi. 


TjKrvEEsrrv  of  California. — The  Preparatory  Depart- 
.nf-nt  is  under  the  charge  of  five  Professors  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  sis  tutors. 

Besides  the  studies  of  the  public  schools,  Algebra, 
Geometry,  Latin,  Greek,  German,  French,  Spanish  and 
Book- Seeping  are  taught. 

Terms:  Board  and  tuition,  4  weeks,  $30.  Students  re- 
ceived at  any  time.  George  Tait,  Oakland,  Master 
Fifth  Class.  ee9bptf 

$5  to  $20  per  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7-  strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  Wire  Works,  75  William  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-12mbp 


Ladies  Debiting  to  Procure  a  First-Class  Sewing 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21vl-12mbp 

A  Tea  Cultuiust  wants  a  situation.  Zaniba,  a  young 
Japanese,  now  stopping  at  614  Pine  street,  San  Francis- 
co.   Can  also  do  ornamental  hair  work. 


Continental  Life   Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


Our    .Agents. 

Otjb  Friends  can  do  much  in  aid  of  out  paper  and  the 
cause  of  practical  knowledge  and  Bcience,  by  assisting 
Agents  in  their  labors  of  canvassing,  by  lending  their 
influence  and  encouraging  favors.  We  intend  to  send 
none  but  worthy  men. 

Wm,  F.  Spencer— California. 

W.  H.  Murray — General  Traveling  Agent. 

C.  H.  Dwinelle—  Special  Corresponding  Agent. 

I.  N.  Hoag—  Sacramento,  General  Agent. 

F.  M.  Shaw— San  Diego. 

L.  P.  McCarty — California. 

M.  B.  Starr — Pacific  Coast. 

A.  C.  Knox,  City  Soliciting  and  Collecting  Agent. 


Mining  Companies 


Should  advertise  their  Meetings,  Assessments,  and  Sales, 
in  the  Scientific  Press.  Rates  more  than  one-half  less 
than  daily  publi cations.  Stockholders  should  take  the 
hintand  request  their  managers  to  truly  economize  by  ad- 
vertising in  a  Mining  Journal,  where  all  noticesmay  be 
seen  by  cheaply  purchasing  and  examining  a  weekly.  You 
will  thus  save  money  and  uphold  a  journal  which  upholds 
your  interests. 


FOR  25  CENTS  we  will  send,  postpaid,  four 
sample  copies  (recent  numbers)  of  the  Press.  This, 
we  believe,  will  induce  many  to  subscribe  who  have  not 
yet  read  our  paper.  It  is  a  cheap  and  valuable  favor  to 
send  a  friend  anywhere. 


MARAVILLA  C0C0A-— No  breakfast  table  is  complete 
without  this  delicious  beverage.  The  C/ofresays:  "Various 
importers  and  manufacturers  have  attempted  to  attain  a 
reputation  for  their  prepared  Cocoas,  but  we  doubt  whether 
any  thorough  success  had  been  achieved  until  Messrs. 
Taylor  Brothers  discovered  the  extraordinary  qualities  of 
'llaravilla'  Cocoa.  Adapting  their  perfect  Bystem  of 
preparation  to  this  finest  of  all  species  of  the  Theobroma, 
they  have  produced  an  article  which  supercedes  every  other 
Cocoa  in  the  market.  _  Entire  solubility,  a  delicate  aroma- 
and  a  rare  concentration  of  the  purest  elements  of  nutri- 
tion, distinguish  the  Maravilla  Cocoa  above  all  others,  Foi 
homoeopaths  and  invalids  we  could  not  recommend  a  more 
agreeable  or  valuable  beverage."  Sold  in  packets  only  by 
all  Grocers,  of  whom  also  may  be  had  Taylor  Brothers, 
Original  Homoeopathic  Cocoa  and  Soluble  Chocolate 
Steam  Mills— Brick  Lane,  London.  Export  Chicory  Mills, 
Bruges,  Belgium. fe26-ly 

The  Fruits  and   Fruit  Trees   of    America,  or 

the  Culture.  Propagation,  and  Management,  in  the  Gar- 
den and  Orchard,  of  Fruit  Trees  generally,  with  descrip- 
tions of  all  the  finest  varieties  of  Fruit,  Native  and 
Foreign,  cultivated  in  this  country.  By  A.  J  Downing 
Illustrated;  1098  pages;  1869.  The  best  authority,  and 
only  complete  work.  Price,  in  cloth  and  gilt,  $5,  post 
paid,  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  this  office 


J.    R.    ANDREWS 


SUCCESSOR  TO 


:e\  manseltj  &  co., 

House    and     Sign    Painters, 

412   PLNE   STREET,    SAN   FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  st. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental  Sign  Work. 


Country   Orders   Atteixclocl  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     Dispatch. 
26v23-3m-bp 


Mechanics7  Institute. 

Entrance  27  Post  Street  (bet.  Kearny  and!  Montgomery) , 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 

The  Library  of  Reference,  the  Library,  Reading  Room 
and  Chess  Room  are  open  from  8  a.m.  until  10  p.m.  every 
day,  {except  8undays  and  Legal  Holidays). 

The  Society  possesses  a  Library  of  18,000  volumes— 
the  moBt  valuable  technical  and  scientific  library  on  the 
Coast,  embracing  the  transactions  of  the  leading  Scien- 
tific Societies  of  the  United  StateB  and  Europe,  (among 
which  are  the  philosophical  transactions  of  the  Rojal 
Society  of  Great  Britain,  complete),  and  the  standard, 
scientific  and  technical  works;  and  is  in  immediate  re- 
ceipt of  all  new  standards  publications. 

The  Reading  Room  is  supplied  with  the  current  peri- 
odicals and  newspapers  of  the  day. 

The  Mechanics'  Institute  is  open  to  all.  and  th- 
Trustees  will  be  pleased  to  have  visitors  and  others  ine 
spect  the  Roome. 

Entrance  Fee,  81.00.  Quarterly  Dues  (in  advance) 
$1.60.     Life  Membership,  $50. 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheum,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist- 
ance of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  mos- 
effective,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  60  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v23-3m 


STEAM    POWER. 

The  second  and  third  stories  of  the  west  half  of  the 
Mechanics'  Mill,  corner  of  Mission  and  Fremont  streets, 
to  let,  with  Steam  Power.  Frontape  about  70  by  127 
feet,  but  the  rear  half  is  only  about  40  feet  wide.  To  be 
let  in  whole  or  in  part,  to  one  or  more  tenants. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

FRANK  KENNEDY, 
26v23-lm  604  Merchant  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGAN'S  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30),  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  cIobs  consignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HALT-TO  IB,  519  Front  Btreet,  S.  F. 


FARMS  AND  STOCK  RANGES, 

On  Government,  State  and  Railroad  Lands, 
IN    NEVADA. 

Having  snrveyed  a  large  portion  of  the  public  domain 
in  Northern  Nevada,  I  am  prepared  to  select,  locate  and 
obtain  title  for  parties  desiring  to  secure  such  lands,  in 
qnantitieB  to  suit,  and  on  the  most  favorable  terms. 
Address  or  apply  to  A.  J.  HATCH, 

22v2-3msa  U,  S.  Deputy  Surveyor,  Reno,  Nev. 


January  6,  1872. ] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


13 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


Ovuifj  19  t\4  Hint  n»e**arv  to  mititf  tf\*  pr-tmt  tar'}-   -<■ 
&-\*ittiM-     Pre**    1 
inj— t.  kith  it  <A«  T'rylaUM  hetnr  m«  m«  r«rar«a/ir«r(M*«rta*. 


Alhambra  Hill  Mining  Company— Location 

ut    work*.    Aiir.unl.ru   Hill;   PlntO  LhMricl,  White   1'tiip 

i  nuiii),  H«Ttd«V 

NotiM  is  hsnbj  ffivi'D,  that  at  a  nu«ctiDK  of  ttio  Boanl  of 
Trmu*«»  of  «aid  oompany,  iudd  on  tin-  «th  day  ->t  Deoi  nbi  1 
1n7).  an  lOR-wiiirui  (No.  \i  ol  BO  gaoll  per  »han-  »a»  lei  »<l 
U[iuu  tbo  capital  -(-ok  0!  naid  cuii.au>.  |-a>nl|.-  In  1  i.n.l 
States  aulil  cum,  on  Ul«  I3t],  day  ■•(  December,  1B7I.  to 
Hi-nrj  ti.  Ijumli-)!  HI'  Clay  itTMt,  ftan  Fnueisoo,  <  .'aliform* 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  a->f>siui'iit  shall  n -main  uu[mui 
on  the  Utli  day  of  January,  l*7i  ohall  bu  deouu-d  di'lin- 
■  tueat.  and  will  he  duly  ndviTti»<i-d  fornalcat  public  auction 
and  tint  cm  payment,  ahall  bo  made  before,  will  bi  Bold  on 
Monday.  tin-  6th  (lay  0/  February.  I8TJ,  to  pay  the  dultn- 
i|uent  aaneiwiuuiit.  tOK?Llu<r  witli  ciint*  of  advrrti-im;  nml 
expense*  of  nil...  IlKNKY   I,     I.ANi.I.KY,  Secretary 

Office,  KO.  Sla  1  I...  Itm  ',  Bu  l'ranci-co.  Cal.  delti 

Eagle  Quicksilver  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation or  mines,  Eagle  Minium  District,  S;inta  Barbara 
Cuunly,  California. 

Nunc*.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  shares  of  the 
following  named  pii-sons,  uu  account  of  UUBSmtml 
levied  on  the  JUth  day  of  October,  1871.  the  Bfivenl 
amounts  aet  opposite  the  name*  ot  the  respective  share- 
holders, at)  follows: 
Nam.-*.  No.  Certificate. 

Bush,  A  F unissued 

Hawley,  K  U unissued 

Piocbe,  FLA unissued 

Pearson,  11  H unissued 

Sinclair,  Peter OSiMUed 

Williams, Mrs  Su  rah. uuihrimil 
Townsend,  Jas  B..  .unissued 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  the  articles  of  agree- 
ment of  said  company,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  thereof,  made  on  the  30th  day  of  October,  1871, 
the  whole  or  such  undivided  part  of  each  delinquent 
share  in  said  mines  as  may  be  necessary  to  pay  said 
assessment  upon  each,  will  be  sold  to  the  highest  bid- 
der at  public  auction,  for  cash,  in  United  States  gold 
coin,  at  the  office  oi  the  compuny.  Room  5,  No.  302 
Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco,  California,  on 
Monday,  the  8th  day  of  Junuary,  1872,  at  the  hour  of 
2  o'clock,  p.m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  the  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  togetbor  with  costs  of  advertising 
nd  expenses  of  sale. 

WM.  H  WATSON.  Secretary. 
Office,    Boom    5,   No.    302    Montgomery    street,    San 
Francisco,  California.  janC-H 


.  shares. 

A 1 int 

1 

HuOO 

1 

iUUU 

2 

80  00 

1 

40  00 

1 

40  00 

1 

40  00 

2 

80  00 

Kincaid  Flat   Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Tuolumne  County,  State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  tfiven,  that  at  a  raoeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  no  the  1 1  th  day  of  December, 
IrJil.an  assessment  ot  two  dollars  and  fifty  cents  ($2,511)  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  Haid  company, 
payablo  immediately,  in  United  Stales  sold  coin,  to  the 
Sec'y,  at  hi*  office,  No.  220  Clay  street.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assesMment  nhall  remain  unpaid 
on  Wednesday,  the  17th  day  of  January.  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  and  unlesw  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the  7th  day  of  February,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  R.  H.  CORNELL,  Secretary. 

Office,  220  Clay  street.  Son  Francisco.  del6-Jw 


Nevada  Consolidated    Borax   Company— 

Location  of  works,  Columbus  and  Fish  Lake   ValleyB, 

Esmeralda  county,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  mooting  of  the  Trustees 

f  the  above  named  company,  held  November,  2Hth,  1871,  an 
assessment  of  nveio)centa  per  share  was  levied  on  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  said  company,  payable  on  ami  after  the  30th  day 
of  November,  1871,  iu  U.  S.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  company,  No,  42\)  Montgomery  Btreeb,  San 
Francisco.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  January  lUth,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  deliuqueui,  and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  uale  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  at  public  auction  on  Monday,  January  2Uth, 
1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  L.  SANFORD.  Secretary. 

Office— Room  1,  ild  story,  No.  420  Montgomery  streei,  San 
Francisco,  California. 

San  Francisco,  Decemhor  6th,  1B71 .  dS-St, 


Pocahontas  Gold  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works.  Mud  Springs,  El  Dorado  County,  State 
of  Calilornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  2iltn  day  of  Novem- 
ber, 1871,  an  assessment  of  Five  Dollars  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  and  silvercoin,  to  the  Secre- 
tary, at  the  office  of  the  company.  Room  No,  i;fi,  Hnyward's 
Building,  No.  419  Calilornia  street,  San  Francisco,  Calilor- 
nia. Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  Saturday,  the  lith  day  of  January,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before 
will  bo  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  30th  day  of  January,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  D.  A.  JENNINGS,  Secretary. 

Office.  Room  No.  26.  Haj-ward's  Building,  419  California 
■treet,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  de2-5w 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Salt  Springs  Valley,  CalaveraB  Coun- 
ty, Cal. 

Notice  in  hereby  given,  thnt  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  I9th  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1871,  an  assessment  of  Five  Dollars  per  shaie  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable 
immediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary. 
409  California  street  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  23d  dayof  January,  1872,  shall  be  deemsd  delinquent, 
and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tues- 
day, the  13th  dayof  February,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  ex- 
penses of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  F.  CRONISE.  Secretary. 
Office,  40ft  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. d23-4w 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company — Location 

of    works.   White   Pine     Mining   District,   "White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  Sltli  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1871,  an  assessment  of  Three  Dollars  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  Company's  office.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assess- 
ment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  2flt.li  day  of 
January,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly 
advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Friday,  the  23d  day  of 
February,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  J.W.   CLARK,  Secretary 

Office,  418  California  St.  San  Francisco.  De30-4w. 


er  Min- 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and 

ing  Company.— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  f>tb  day  of  De- 
cember, 1871,  an  assessment  of  Three  (S3)  dollars  per 
ahare  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin, 
to  (the  Secretory,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No. 5 16  Kearny  street,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any 
Btock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  9th  day  of  January,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly,  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be 
Bold  on  Tuesday,  the.30th  day  of  January,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 
PUJCO  OlfSLLearqy  street  dStd. 


THE  HESSE  GRINDER  AND  AMALGAMATOR, 


This  machine  is  the  most  complete  ami  desirable  grinder  and  amalgamator  now  in  use. 
Owners  of  Quartz  Mills  and  Sulphurot  Works  will  find  it  greatly  to  their  interests  to  use  this 
machine.  The  following  are  some  of  its  many  advantages,  viz:  The  comparatively  little  power 
required  to  run  it;  tho  small  wear  of  metal  in  comparison  with  other  grinders;  the  large  amount 
of  work  that  may  be  accomplished  in  a  given  time,  being  about  three  times  the  amount  usually 
performed  in  ordinary  pans;  the  continuous  working  process,  whereby  the  labor  of  handling  the 
ore  is  avoided;  the  peculiar  arrangements  and  action  of  the  currents  in  the  machine,  whereby  all 
the  particles  of  ore  are  brought  in  contact  with  amalgamating  surfaces,  and  are  discharged  as 
soon  as  ground  to  the  required  degree  of  fineness,  thus  saving  an  unnecessary  waste  of  power 
and  metal. 

IN  THE  REDUCTION  OF  SULPHURET  ORES, 

this  machine  is  especially  valuable,  the  particles  are  ground  exceedingly  fine  and  uniformly 
sized,  which  greatly  facilitates  the  concentration  of  the  sulphurets,  and  leaves  them  in  the  best 
condition  for  roasting.  The  Hesse  machines  are  successfully  working  in  several  important 
quartz  mills  and  sulphuret  works  in  this  State.  For  further  particulars  send  for  Circular,  or  ap- 
ply to 

LORD    «fc    PETERS, 
fell-tf  304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


JLIQHT, 


CARS, 

STRONG     AND     ELEGANT. 


Omnibuses     of    Every     Style, 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  Bending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  eBpecial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Guilders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-12t 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


Phelps'  Patent  Animal  Trap, 


FOR  GOPHERS,  SQIRRELS,  RATS,  CAYOTES, 
and  other  "Varmints." 

ThiB  Trap,  as  may  be  seen,  Is  of  simple  construction 
and  not  likely  to  get  out  of  order,  and  very  durable. 

It  is  Very  Efficient 
and  can  be  need  conveniently  by  women  or  children. 
THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST  YET  INVENTED.  Price 
50  cents.  By  mail,  prepaid  (to  places  where  express 
charges  are  high),  $1.  A  liberal  discount  to  clubs  or 
dealers  who  buy  by  the  dozen.  Address  the  inventor 
and  manufacturer,  D.  N.  PHELPS, 

al-ly-awbp  San  Leandro,  Alameda  County,  Cal, 


w.  H.  GonnrLL,  PrcB't. 


F.  MAT.00N,  Sec'y. 


Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  Wooden   and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  specifications  furnished  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  sent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  stone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

AddreBs  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

3v2-3na-eow  Oakland  Cal. 


THE    CALIFORNIA 

Safety  Gas  Lamp. 


This  New  Gas  Lamp  takes  the 
place  of  the  Caudle,  the  Coal  Oil 
Lamp  and  Coal  Gas,  and  costs  only 
One-Half  Cent  per  Hour. 
Any  person  who  will  take  the 
trouble  to  examine  this  Lamp  care- 
fully, will  see  that  it  will  hot  ex- 
plode. 

The  flame  is  as  white  and  brilliant 
as  coal  gas,  and  produces  neither 
Smoke  nor  Smell.    No  ChiMNEY  is 
Required, 
It  makes  its  own  gas  as  fast  as  it  is  required,  and  when 
the  light  is  blown  out  the  gaB  ceases  to  be  generated. 
One  Burner  is  Equal  to  Six  Candles. 
This  Lamp  burns  Refined  Petroleum,  Gasoline,  Dan- 
forth's  Oil  or  Taylor's  Safety  Fluid.     Oil  expressly  pre- 
pared for  the  Lamp  furnished  by  the  undersigned  in 
quantities  to  suit.  WIESTER  &  CO., 

17  New  Montgomery  street,  Grand  Hotel,  S.F. 


BETTS'S  CAPSULE  PATENTS. 

To  prevent  INFRINGEMENTS,  NOTICE  IS  HEREBY 
GIVEN,  that  BETTS'S  NAME  is  ON  EVERY  CAPSULE 
he  makes  for  the  principal  merchants  in  England  and 
France,  thus  enabling  vendor,  purchaser,  and  consumer, 
not  only  to  identify  the  genuineness  of  the  Capsule,  but 
likewise  the  contents  of  the  vessel  to  which  it  is  applied. 
The  Lord  Chancellor,  in  his  judgment,  said  that  the  Cap- 
sules are  not  used  merely  for  the  purpose  of  the  ornament, 
hut  that  they  are  serviceable  in  protecting  the  wine  from 
injury,  and  insuring  its  genuineness. 

Makufactomeh:-1,  WHABF  ROAD,  CITY  ROAD, 
LONDON,  AND  BORDEAUX,  FRANCE. 


Union  Gold  Mining  Company— Location  of 

Rowland  Flat,  Stern  county.  State  el  OaWornla. 
Notia  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  ol  the  Board  ol 

of  aaid  Company,  held  Od  the  Ithdeyol  Jnnuan'. 

wBsmenl  "f  one  dollar  ($1)  per  share  was  levied 
npon  thddapital  stock  oi    aaid,C pany,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  sold  00m    i"  the  Secretary, at    Hie 
■    unpad]    Room  Ha  23.  Merchants'    ESzohange, 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

■  k  anon  which  -^ut  aBsaasmenl  whnll  remain  un- 
paidonl  he  -'>i  a  daj  of  February  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
i|  i'  M,  ami  will  In-  duly  iidviTtint-d  Inrwiilc  at  public  ROOti 

and  unless  payment  ahairbe  made  before  vvili  \><-  Hold  on 
Monday  theSoth  daj  *>f  February,  is;:',  to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  mid  expenses 
of  sak-.    Bl  oraerol  the  B»nrd  of  Trustees, 

ALFKKD  K.  IH'UHKOW.  Svctvtary. 

Office— Room  No.  23  Merchant*'  Kxohange,  California 
■treet,  San  Francisco,  1  Sal  jn4-4w. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IK 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  und  614  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  cull  the  special  attention  of  Asjayers. 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies.  Milling  Companies. 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  ut 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  Hiiro 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacihc  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances— L.  Oertllngs,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  As  Bay  Moulds,  Scoriil- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  HesHian   or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Leud  Crucibles  aud  Covers — 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware -  a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS   AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carbuys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi- 
cally pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Lithatce. 

Assay  Lead  in  bare,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'a. 
|jy  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf    JOHN  TAYLOR  fc  CO. 

HILL'S  PATENT 

EUR  E  KA    GANG    PLOW, 


The  undersigned.  Manufacturers  of  "HILL'S  PAT- 
ENT EUREKA  GANG  PLOWS,"  take  this  method  of 
calling  Ihe  attention  of  Agriculturists  throughout  the 
Pacific  States  and  Territories  to  the  merits  of  the  above 
named  Plows,  and  offer  the  following  reasons  why  they 
are  entitled  to  preference  over  any  other  Plow  in  use. 

They  are  made  of  the  best  material,  and  every  Plow 
warranted. 

They  are  of  light  draught,  easily  adapted  to  any 
depth,  and  are  very  easily  handled. 

They  will  plow  any  kind  of  soil,  and  leave  the  ground 
in  perfect  order. 

FIRST    PREMIUMS  I 

These  Plows  took  the  First  Premium  at  the  State  Fair 
in  Sacramento,  in  1870;  at  the  Northern  District  Fair  in 
Marysville,  1870  and  1871;  and  at  tho  Upper  Sacramento 
Valley  Fair,  Chico,  1870  and  1871.  At  the  Mechanics' 
Fair,  held  in  San  Francisco  in  1871,  a  Silver  Medal  was 
awarded  these  Plows;  and  tho  State  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, at  the  last  Fair,  offered  a  premium  of  $40  for  tho 
best  Gang  Plow.  The  committee  was  composed  of 
practical  farmers  from  the  agricultural  counties,  who, 
alter  a  fair  test  and  thorough  competition  with  the 
leading  plows  of  the  State,  awarded  the  premium  to  the 
Eureka  Gang  Plow.  From  this  it  -w  ill  be  seen  that 
these  celebrated  plows  still  maintain  their  reputation 
over  all  competitors.    Patented  Sept.  7, 1869. 

Champion  Deep-Tilling  Stubble  Plow, 

which  took  the  First  Premium  over  all  competitors  at 
the  State  Fair,  1871.  It  turns  a  furrow  14  inches  deep 
and  24  inches  wide. 

ThiB  Gang  Plow  combines  durability  with  cheapness, 
being  made  entirely  of  iron  by  experienced  workmen,  of 
the  best  material.  Over  three  hundred  are  now  in  use, 
and  all  have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

Manufactured  and  for  sale  at  the  corner  of  Third 
street  and  Virgin  Alley,  Marysville,  by 

HILL  &  KNATJGH, 
And  also  by  most  leading  Agricultural  Dealers  in  the 

State.    All  others  are  invited  to  apply  at  once  for 

Circulars,  prices,  etc.  16v23-tf 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Ityf         m$.2  Fig.  3  Tif^ 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  6haped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  DressingMill-Bnrrs, Emery- Wheels,  GrindstoneB, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  DiamondB.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-0m  J.  DICKINSON,  U  Nassau  St,,  N,  Y, 


14 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


-^ J.^,.   ._—..,.,_-.,-. 


fjanuary  6,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

BSTABliISHBD    X85X. 

PACIFIC    IKON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fiemoat  streetB, 

SAN  FBANOISCO 

IEA   r.  BASED,  A.  P.  BBAITOir, 

OKO.  W.  FOfiS,  Superintendent. 

ft*  team  Engines  and  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
•rices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

■^Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Rpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  SODDARD  &  CO. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

P.  I.  CTJBKY  Sate  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  'Works),  Proprietor. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANUFACTURER 8    Of 

©Tia^M!    ENGINES, 
Quartz.    Flour    and    Saw   Mills, 

Bares*  Improved  Steam  Pump,  Brodle's  Im- 
proved     CraBher(      Mialujr     Pampi, 
Anialijam.itor*,  and* all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

N.  E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How* 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


High,  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


CELEBRATED 


SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

jo  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 

All  kinds  of 

(JOBBING 

and 

Repairing" 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

[YOUR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beach    Street,    Philadelphia,    Peun. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

*=7"  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors , 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere— and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERX  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
Into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND   PHOTOCRAPHS. 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and  111   Mission  Street, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Worts  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM     ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
^Printing    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEX"  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MANUFACTUBKB  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Pracy's     Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


I-    IV.    WILFONG'S 


PATENT    C1ECULAT1NG 

STEi^MJBOILER. 

This  cut  represents  an  improvement  on  the  old 
style  of  Cylinder  Boiler,  and  combines  all  the  fol- 
lowing great  advantages:  Rapid  circulation  and 
generation  of  steam;  economy  in  fuel;  durability, 
safety,  and  simplicity  of  construction:  requires  but 
little  attention;  is  easily  repaired,  and  moderate  at 
first  cost. 

"We  bave  now  a  number  in  successful  operation, 
and  respectfully  refer  to  the  following  well  known 
parties:  Hastings  &  Co.,  Seventh  and  Cherry  streets; 
Jos.  Lea  k  Co.,  128  Chestnut  street;  J.  S  Huber, 
Germantown;  Holt  &  Bro.,  Sixth  and  Susquehanna 
avenue;  Albion  Print  Works,  Conehohocken,  Pa.;  S. 
H.  Dickey,  Oxford,  Pa  — all  of  which  are  giving  EN- 
TIRE SATISFACTION.  Parties  wishing  to  investi- 
gate the  success  of  our  new  Boiler  can  do  so  by  call- 
ing at  any  of  the  above  named  places,  or  to 

I.  N.   WILFONG, 

131  and  135  North  Twenty-second  St., 
PHILADELPHIA,    PA., 

Manufacturer  of  all  descriptions  of  Boilers  (Rogers 
&  Black's  patent  included),  Tanks,  Stills,  Pans,  and 
general  Iron  Work.  Orders  solicited  from  all  parts 
of  the  country,  and,  when  received,  promptly  at- 
tended to.  State  and  County  Rights  and  Royalties 
for  sale  as  above.  5v23-Gm-eow 


PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

SAN   FRANCISCO,   CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manulacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  "Variety  o±  8hat'tino;, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES    f 
Steamboat    Shaft*,   Oranbi,    Piston    and    Con- 
necting Bods,  Car  and  JLocomotlve  Axles 
and   Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED      ITtOPT 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

J6F-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
SOMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  wM  raceive 
■rompt  attention 

13-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron.        QvUSm 


THE    I4ISr>01V 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30, 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION     OF    WORKS  : 
Corner  of  Mi  »h-  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  TappetB,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

J  H  rector* s 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLaNE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MtflAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


WHY  THE  WILSON 


Patent    Steam   Stamp    Mill 


IS  THE  BEST  AND 


WLi*  Desirable  Mill  fop  Crushing  Ores. 


Because  the  company  give  a  responsible  guarantee 
that  the  purchasers  shall  be  under  no  expense  for  re- 
pairs for  TWELVE  MONTHS,  and  guarantee  the  mill  to 
crush  (regular  work)  On"  Ton  Per  Hour  of  the  Hardest 
Quartz  through  the  ordinary  screens. 


THERE    IS    A    SAVING 


of  from  Twenty  to  Forty  per  cent,  running  expenses . 

To  put  one  of  the  Wilson  Mills  over  the  mountains , 
from  $10,000  to  $18,000  is  saved  in  First  Cost. 

The  Wilson  Mill  will  Bave  in  working  expenses  and 
repairs  enough  every  six  months  to  PAX  FOR  ITSELF. 


IN  EVERT  PARTICULAR 

This    Mill   is   Greatly   Superior  to   the 

Ordinary   Cam   Stamp    Mill. 
RECOLLECT 

Fully  Guaranteed 

to  do  and  he  all  we  claim  for  it. 

DO    NOT    BE    DECEIVED 

a  cry  of  "Humbug,"  but  call  and  investigate  its 
s.    One  can  always  be  seen  at  the  Pacific  Iron 

1  of  these  Mills  are  now  in  operation, 
further  particulars  address 

TCii<soar. 

San  Francisco. 

TRAVIS  &  WAGNER! 

AGENTS   FOR 

Dufour  &  Co's., 

Celebrated    Dutch 
Anchor  brand  Bolt- 
ing Cloths;    Smut 
Machines;     Bran 
^  Dusters;  Mill  Picks: 
^|  Mill  Picks  dressed; 
^b  Mill  stones  repaired 
^  rebuilt   and    hal- 
ted anced. 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

I.IOITT  Ml)  HBATT  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  2,vl6qr 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

Tlrst  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folaom,  San  Franoisoo. 

Machinery  and  Casting*  of  all  kinds. 

7t23W  I.  L.  HORTLHBAT,  President. 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

BAHUTACTUREBS  OF 

©TIEA-M  DEWTGrriVES,  SOIXdBRS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Dnabar'i  Patent  Self-Ad.  listing  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  IV  and  O  streets, 

l*'l  StflRAHKIfTO  OlM 


MAISTJFACTTntEES  OF 

French  Burr    Mill 

Stones,       Portable 

Mills  of   all  sizes, 

irom  lb  to  36  inches,   for  grinding  Corn,  Barley,  ieed, 

Salt,  Paints,  Drugs,  &c.     Mills   specially  adapted  for 

grinding  Quartz. 

2v22-lyins  41  First  st.,  San  Francisco. 


MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

TENONING:  AND  SHAPING 
IVIACIIIIVJES, 

SAWS, 

SCROLL.    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 

F»r  Railroad,  Cab,  and  Aoni- 

cuxtubal  Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 

0&~  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

A.   FAY   &  CO., 

CiNcnwATi,  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANTJFACTTJIIERS     OF 


SHEET    IliOlV    IMPE- 

THE 

Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 
Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  tu 
lay  the    same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing    a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS.  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rites. 

B^"  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24y22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

!  No.  1.2S  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kihdb  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Jastings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Vails,  Rudder  Braces,  HInBC9,Ship  and  Steamboat  Bolls  and 
'Jongs  of  superior  tone.  All  klndsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
iraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
J®-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -ffi* 
J.   H.  WEED-  V.  KINGWELL. 


OAST    IRON    PIPE, 

FOR    WATER    AND    GAS. 

PIPE  of  all  sizes,  of  a  very  superior  quality,  is  now 
being  made  at  the 

Pacific  Iron  Works, 

In  this  city,  under  the  Patents  of  Farrar  &  Whiting, 
17v23-3m  •  GrODDARD  &  CO. 


WOOD-WORKING   MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 
Philadelphia. 


BE?"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v23-ly 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Diventors.    All  kinds  of  Dies, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

beBt  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.        19v23-3m 


CAST    STEEL    FILES. 

John  T.  Bunker  &  Co.'s— We  wish  to  inform 
Dealers  and  Iron  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  these 
celebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  superior  inducements 
to  introduce  them.     (22-v23-3m)         HOOKER  &  CO. 


January  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  tin-  Hechuilcs'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
oIbco,  mill  Btote  Pair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
Thefic  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  bo  superior  to  nuy  tiny  have  ever  lined;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  uoibr  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
(tut  through  chirk  valve  and  pipe  B  into  i lie  steam  pipe 
C;  it  t  en  becomes  greasy  steam,  pannes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  Btroke.  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rod*'  and  stems  lasts  lunger,  and  the  rfxurs  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  I, 
sliding  gbuge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stoppB; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
entor  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  Febru»ry  14,  1871,  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOVE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

WILLIAM    FPvIEL,    Manufacturer, 

No.  09  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.     Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.    Coiinty  Eights  for  sale. 

10v23-Cm 


NELSON    &■  OOBLE, 

.AGENTS  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sledge*.    Hanmerx,    Stone    Cuttem*.    Black 
i_  •oiltha*  and  IfoMe-Shoent'  Tool*. 

13  ana  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market.  San  Francis 

RICKARO  &   DURDEN'S 
ANTI-SCALE     COMPOUND, 

For  the  Prevention  of  Incrustation  in  Steam  Boilers, 

.Patented  July  25,  1871. 

The  Cheapest  and  Most  Effectual  Material   for  the 
purpose  ever  introduced. 
References— Eison  Bros.,  Pioneer  Flour  Mills;    U  S 

B.  Mint,  S.  F.;  Korbel  k  Bros.,  South  Park  Saw  Mills' 
Miners"  Foundry,  Pacific  Iron  Works,  Etna  Iron  Works! 
Pacific  S^w  Factory,  Nclscn  k  Doble,  Messrs.  Hobb6  & 
Gllmore,  Etc.,  Etc.  Send  for  Circular  with  Testimo- 
nials and  Directions. 

A.  GEPfTS  : 

EnwAnn  Gallagher C19  Front  street,  S.  F. 

C.  M.  Cornell 72  South  C  street,  Virginia,  Ne* . 

Mott,  Fish  &  Co Main  street,  Hamilton,.  Nev. 

JOS.    TtlOrtlVHIHiL, 

BRICRLATER    AND     CONTBACTOB. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kindB  of  Fire  Work, 
Bnch  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,  &c, 

Orders  left  with  0.  W.  White,  47  Clay  Street,  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  1612  Mason  St.,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to,  24v21-3m 


Hoskin's  Patent  Little  Giant  Hydraulic  Pipe  Joint  and  Nozzle. 


The  Btst  Apparatus  fur  Hydraulic  Mining*  In  the  market 
Guaranteed  to  give  BaUsfhCtlan.  Portable,  Simp!.-,  Durable, 
not  likely  to  need  repairB,  and  easily  repaired. 


By  arrangement  with  Me**™.  It.  R.  k  J.  CRAIG.  I  am  their 
Bole  licensee.  1  Bell  the  only  apparatus  whk-h  does  not  In- 
fringe -Hi  MIS  Other  patentB.  All  eihers  lnlriiifcV  ,111  I'raijn-'  or 
Honkm'8,  and  partleB  found  using  without  consent  of  pat- 
ent. .  s  will  l.-'  prosecuted. 

Send  for  Circular  and  Testimonials  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Plat,  Cal. 


CAMEKON'8 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

FIChI  RING'S 
Engine    Regulatoi-s. 

GIFFARD'8 

INJECTORS. 

BAItTOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface    Condensers. 
DAVllTsTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  P. 


THE     SELDEN     PUMP 


PATENTED 
Aug-.  2,  1870. 
Dec.  20, 1870. 


Combines    Simplicity   and    Durability    to   a    Remarkable   Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

A.    GARB, 

43  Gortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v2D-ly-eow 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIBST   PREMIUM 
American  Institute,  1867  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MANUFACTTJREK 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-Acting 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED     IN      ENGLAND,     BELGIUM      AND 
FBANCE.       SEND   FOB   CIECTJLAB. 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
CharleB  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  thin  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  Btreet.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
r»^TTEHN«     AND     MODELS, 

{Over  W.  T.  Garratt'B  Brass  Foundry). 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F,    En- 
trance on  Natoma  street,  6v23-3na 


California  File  Manuf 'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  FileB  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 

ici:.vri:it  v\i>  mow£S  sections, babs 

AND  KNIVES  COMPLETR, 
at  a  Baving  of  50  per  cent.     Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by; 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

BOILER      MAHEKh 

AND  UEHKRAI.  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  at.  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  8an  Francisco. 
Srtl-tl 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MEKCHANT8, 

ADVANCES   HADE 

On  oil  kind,  of  Ore,  and  particular  attention 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  GOODS. 

*Yl&3m 

Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

rtunAHPSON  A  Co.  have  boon  for  thirty  yearn  eitablisliei 
in  NwiujM-H  <iv  Aiffnts  for  tin-  prejiuruiioii,  humi'lintf,  Axsnj- 
inp,  and  Sale  of  Copper,  Sih.-r,  Gold,  Lead, V.iao,  and  all 
other  Oren  tint!  Metal*,  fnr  which  tlit-v  ImveestrnBiveWnre- 
liounes  anil  Whtirve»  unilcr  cover.  1.1KHJ  feet  Ol  Ijuuv  Front- 
age within  the  Floating  Dook,  mid  tin-  most  Complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Aji]iliunci'S.  They  ure  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  Hgiiinst  Ores  in  anticipation  of  realization,  unit  to 
ttuurantue  all  payments  when  required.  5v22-lyH 

LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist. 

421   Montgomery  Hi.  ii|>  stall*. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  OrfBj 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mim-rul  WatorSj 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Arraying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-:fin 

LEOPOLD    KUH, 

{Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallurgical 
CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint-\ 

San  Ftianoisco,  Cal.  7T21-3ra 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  Bt„  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

RIOTTE  <fe    I, I  *  lilB.V  1C  l> T. 

Orei    Crushed,   Numpled  and    A»nuyed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  teBts  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  2CV21-iim 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    513    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  'West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.   A.   MARS,   Assayer. 
W  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc,        lDv2C 


a.  w. STEONG. 


W.  L.  STlluNU 


G.   W.   STRONG   &  CO., 
Metallnrg-ical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,   San  Fbanoisco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  aud 
Tests  made  with  eare.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  MetalB.  23v22tf 

"  PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H. M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  Btreet,  Now  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pp'ehased.  22V18 

Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  haB  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  conBtant  and  increasing  de- 
maud  for  them  Ib  sufficient  evidence  ol  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows  i 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plateB  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  aregular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setters 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


GOLD-SAVING- 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOR    MINERS    AND    MILL    MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Plating:  "Works,  656  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated, 

Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  G.  DENNISTON,  Proprietor. 
2*v22-3m 


AVERILL'S 
CHEMICAL     PAINT, 

Of  any  desired  Shade  or  Color, 
Mixed  ready  for  application,  and  sold  by  the  gallon 

It  1b  Cheaper,  Handsomer,  more  Durable  and  Elastic 
than  the  best  of  any  other  Paint. 

Office,   corner    Fourth    and    Townsend    streets, 
Francisco.  HELY  &  JEWELL,  Agents, 

15v23-3m 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


f  January  6,  187a; 


The  Scientific  Press  for  1872 
Still  Marching  Onward! 

Our  careful  system  of  compiling,  judiciously  con- 
densing, and  conveniently  arranging  into  regular  de- 
partments, has  been  heartily  endorsed.  It  renders  the 
paper  worth  more  to  readers,  who  can  find  handily  that 
which  interests  them  most.  This  plan  will  he  con- 
tinued in  Volume  XXIV. 

The  weekly  iBBues  of  the  Press  will  contain  reliable 

Information  for  Practical  Miners, 

Treating  on  the  Opening  of  Mines ;  Mining  of  Ores ; 
Milling  of  Ores ;  Smelting  of  Ores ;  Separation  and 
Roasting  of  Ores  ;  Amalgamation  ;  Saving  of  Gold  and 
all  precious  Metals  ;  New  Processes  of  Metallurgy;  New 
Discoveries  of  Mines;  Mining  Engineering  and  Hy- 
draulics. 

For  Inventors,  Mechanics  and   Manufac- 
turers. 

All  new  and  important  developments  in  Scientific 
and  Mechanical  Progress;  Patents  and  Inventions  of 
the  Pacific  States  ;  Progress  of  Home  Industries  ;  Hints 
for  Local  Manufacturers ;  Illustrations  of  New  Ma- 
chinery ;  Reports  of  Popular  Scientific  and  Industrial 
Lectures. 

Our   Mining  Summary 

Gives  the  progress  of  mining  work  from  week  to  week 
in  the  various  counties  and  districts  throughout  the 
principal  mining  regions  of  the  United  States ,  arranged 
in  alphabetical  order.  It  is  the  most  extensive  record 
of  mining  operations  published  in  the  world.  It  affords 
the  intelligent  miner  a  rare  opportunity  to  know  and 
profit  by  the  work  and  experience  of  his  neighbors. 
Miners  have  few  sources  of  practical  information  in- 
their  calling,  and  should  embrace  every  reliable  means 
for  improvement.  Mining  Operators  and  Shareholders, 
at  home  and  abroad,  weekly  examine  our  Summary  with 
Increased  interest  and  profit. 

For   Self-Improvement, 

Every  issue  of  the  Press  abounds  with  articles  of  an 
elevating  character,  to  stimulate  the  higher  virtues  and 
natureB  and  progressive  intellects  of  both  men  and 
women. 

Our  "  Domestic  Economy " 

Embraces  new  and  important  facts  which  should  be 
known  In  every  cabin  and  household.  Short  and  inter- 
esting— the  articles  under  this  heading  are  freely  read 
and  practiced  with  profit  and  improvement  to  the  read- 
ers. 

The  Pkesb  is  not  strictly  a  "paper  for  profeBsiona, 
scientific  men,"  but  rather  a 

Liberal  and    Popular  Scientific  Journal, 

Well  calculated  to  make  practically  scientific  men  from 
our  intelligent  maases.  This  is  our  stronghold  for  ac- 
complishing good.  Plain,  correct  and  pleasing  language, 
easily  comprehended  by  all,  confined  mostly  to  short 
articles,  is  our  endeavor. 

The  New  and  Novel  Developments 

In  the  progress  of  this  comparatively  new  section  of  the 
Union,  but  recently  settled  and  now  rapidly  increasing 
With  a  population  of  the  moBt  intelligent  and  venture- 
some people,  attracted  from  nearly  every  quarter  and 
clime  on  the  globe,  enable  us,  with  due  enterprise,  to 
display  vigor  and  freshness  in  our  columns  not  met 
with  in  similar  journals  elsewhere.  The  same  circum- 
stances also  render  such  a  paper  more  especially  valu- 
able to  its  readers  in  a  new,  and  to  a  certain  measure, 
untried  field,  where  the  best  methods  and  processes  of 
industry  are  not  so  well  established  or  traditionally 
known  as  in  older  communities.  Published  experiences 
often  Bave  costly  experiments  and  disastrous  resultB. 

Hundreds  of  Dollars 

Are  oftentimes  saved  to  the  readers  of  this  paper  by  a 
single  hint  or  article  of  information  in  its  columns; 
such  instances  have  been  repeatedly  reported  to  the 
editors  and  proprietors  during  their  long  connection 
with  the  Pbess.    Onr  paper  presents 

A  Great  Variety  of  Industrial  Information, 

In  brief  and  fresh  form,  suited  to  the  wants  and  tasteB 
of  the  readers  of  this  coast,  which  is  not  obtainable 
otherwise  so  timely,  or  in  so  cheap  and  convenient 
form.  As  an  industrial  publication,  meeting  the  wants 
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THE 


C-SPRING    ROLLER    SKATE, 

PATENTED    18M. 


A 


;F  i 


Rights   and   Skates   for  Sale. 

This  superior  Skate  is  now  beginning  to  attract  the  attention  of  Rink  Owners,  it  being  the  only  Cramping 
Skate  now  before  the  public  (except  the  Plympton  Skate)  that  can  run  without  infringing  a  former  patent. 

This    Skate    is    Positively    no    Infringement 

of  anybody's  patent.  It  is  made  in  the  most  substantial  and  workmanlike  manner,  and  possesses  the  following 
points  of  merit:  Beauty,  Elasticity,  EaBe  of  Movement,  Strength,  LightnesB,  and  does  not  injure  the  skating 
floor  as  much  as  the  ordinary  skate. 

Every  pair  Warranted  to  be  just  what  it  is  represented.    PartieB  intending  to 

START    A.    RINK, 

Should  examine  and  test  this  Skate.    Sample  pairs  sentC.  O.  I>.  on  application. 
»*  For  City,  County  or  Rink  Rights,  call  on  or  address  "WTESTER    &    CO., 

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THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDER,  A   IVO.    S    GIANT    POWI>ER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  Its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BA.NK     BIjA.9TIXG,     COAL     MTIVE^, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROCK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 
Price.    SO   Cents   per    Pound. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANBMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 

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NATHAN    &    DREYFUS' 

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MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTIOK 
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Over  One  Hundred  Pages, 
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Hundred  Engravings  of  Flowers,  Plants  and  Vegeta- 
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Directions  and  plans  for  making  Walks,  Lawns,  Gar- 
dens, etc.  The  handsomest  and  best  FLORAL  GUIDE 
in  the  World.  All  for  Ten  Cents,  to  those  who  think 
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of  1871.    Address  JAMES  VICE, 

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BY  i>i:\vi.y    .v    *•<»., 

Pntcni    SolhlKMs. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  13,  1872. 


VOJL-VMJS     XXIV. 

Auiuber    %£ . 


Freeman's  Grain  Separator. 

Tin-  accompanying  illustration  represents 
Freeman's  improved  grain  separator,  which 
belongs  to  a  class  of  machinery  in  which 
our  local  mechanics  excel  Eastern  manu- 
facturers in  producing  for  this  Coast.  It 
is  intended  for  farmers  and  warehouse  nse, 
and  will  be  found  especially  useful  to  the 
latjer  iu  cleaning  seed  grain.  The  grain 
is  fed  into  the  h'>pper  and  passes  over  a 
wire  sieve  to  which  is  imparted  a  peculiar 
tossing  motion  and  at  the  same  time  moves 
forward  and  back  rapidly.  It  then  drops 
on  to  the  perforated  zinc  plates  of  which 
screens  there  are  three,  and  while  dropping 
through,  a  blast  of  air  from  the  fan  be- 
low, blows  off  the  chaff  and  other  impuri- 
ties. These  plates  may  be  lowered  by 
thumb-screws  so  as  to  stand  at  any  desired 
incline.  They  have  a  lateral  shaking  mo- 
tion so  as  to  facilitate  the  passage  of  the 
grain  through  the  holes. 

The  cheat  and  other  deleterious  sub- 
stances drop  through  the  sieve  into  the 
cheat  box  below  and  the  cleaned  grain  into 


Freeman's  Grain  Separator. 
its  proper  receptacle.  The  different  boxes 
have  separate  outlets  and  are  so  arranged 
that  the  contents  may  easily  be  sacked 
without  the  necessity  of  anything  falling 
on  the  floor.  The  machine  is  run  by  hand 
and  can  be  easily  moved  from  place  to 
place.  It  will  be  found  especially  useful 
in  cleaning  grain  of  the  Siiene  Gallica,  or 
French  catch  fly,  a  sort  of  pod  which  trou- 
bles the  farmers  in  many  parts  of  Califor- 
nia. 

The  screen  may  be  removed  and  attached 
to  any  threshing  machine,  doing  away  with 
the  chaffing  screen  and  performing  the 
work  at  one  operation.  There  are  three 
Bets  of  zinc  plates  and  screens  for  different 
kinds  of  grains  and  they  can  be  changed 
in  a  few  moments  without  trouble.  This 
improvement  is  the  invention  of  a  practi- 
cal man  and  one  who  has  had  great  experi- 
ence with  threshers.  Right  of  use  may  be 
hnd  by  applying  to  W.  H.  Freeman,  To- 
males,  Marin  county,  Cal.,  who  will  also 
give  further  information  to  those  desir- 
ing it. 


New  Dam  Project. — Certain  parties 
contemplate  purchasing  Bear  Valley  of  its 
present  owners,  says  the  Grass  Valley  Ke- 
niMican,  and  constructing  a  dam  50  or  60 
feet  high  at  the  lower  end.  Suoh  a  dam 
would  overflow  several  hundred  acres  and 
furnish  a  large  amount  of  wator  for  min- 
ing purposes.  Bear  Valley  is  about  4,000 
feet  above  sea  level.  Water  from  the  val- 
ley could  be  taken  to  the  mines  at  Dutch 
Flat,  Little  York,  Quaker  Hill,  or  even 
down  the  Washington  Ridge  to  Omega,  or 
Nevada  City. 


Hoisting  Works  of  the  Eberhardt  & 
Aurora  Co. 

In  the  issue  of  the  Scientific  Press  of 
Dec.  23,  1871,  we  gave  a  discriplion  of  the 
mines  of  the  Eberhardt*  Aurora  Co.,  in  the 
illustration  of  which  several  shafts  were 
shown,  and  promised  at  that  time  to  give 
a  view  of  the  manner  iu  which  the  hoist- 
ing was  done  so  that  only  one  engine  was 
required  for  hoisting  from  the  entire 
number  of  shafts.  Our  special  corres- 
pondent, Mr.  Murray,  obtained  for  us  at 
the  time  of  his  visit  a  sketch  of  the  gear 
from  which  our  engravings  were  made. 

The  arrangement  consists  of  a  pulley 
mounted  upon  a  turn-table  on  a  suitable 
frame,  so  that  it  can   be  turned   upon  a 


Hoisting  Apparatus ' 

swivel  to  face  in  any  desired  direction. 
The  rope  passes  round  a  drum  which  is 
revolved  by  the  engine  and  passes  under 
the  pulley  marked  E  in  Fig..l. .  A,  A,  A, 
is  the  frame  work  for  supporting  the  turn- 
table and  pulley,  and  is  made  stationary 
also;  the  rope  passing  under  it  and  up 
through  the  centre  of  the  turn-table  over 
the  pulley,  B.  B  represents  the  turn- 
table upon  which  the  pulley,  B,  is  sup- 
ported in  a  frame-work  so  as  to  be  carried 
around  by  the  revolution  of  the  turn-table 
in  order  to  face  it  in  the  desired  direction. 
The  plate  or  turn-table,  B,  is  made  of  the 
best  of  iron  and  is  three  feet  and  one  inch 
from  rim  to  rim.  The  outside  rim  is  half 
an  inch  thick  and  the  groove  is  1  %  inches 
wide.  The  rope  comes  up  through  the 
center  of  the  turn-table  and  passes  over 
the  pulley,  as  shown.  E  shows  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  rope  may  come  from  the 
drum  and  passing  up  through  the  hole  over 
the  pulley,  B,  transmit  the  power  in  a  di- 
rection at  right  angles,    The  arrows  indi- 


cate the  direotion  to  the  various  shafts  that 
can  be  operated  by  the  hoisting  gear. 

A  stationary  frame  with  a  pulley  over 
which  the  rope  passes  is  placed  over  each 
of  the  ore  shafts;  this  is  raised  enough  to 
bring  the  level  of  the  rope  on  a  line  with 
the  revolving  pulley,  B,  When  it  is  ne- 
cessary to  hoist  from  any  particular  shaft, 
the  rope  is  detached  from  the  bucket,  the 
end  taken  to  the  proper  shaft,  passed  over 
the  pulley  and  the  revolving  pulley  reg- 
ulated so  as  to  point  in  that  direction,  and 
it  is  ready  for  use.  The  contrivance  is 
said  to  give  general  satisfaction  and  an- 
swer all  the  requirements. 

In  this  mine  there  is  a  very  large  de 
posit  of  ore  and  several  shafts  are  neces- 
sary in  consequence;  this  ingenious  ar- 
rangement has  been  contrived  so  as  to  re- 
Fig.  II. 


remove  the  necessity  of  a  hoisting  engine 
at  each  shaft.  The  mountain  on  which 
the  mines  are  situated  is  a  very  high  one 
and  there  is  a  great  scarcity  of  wood,  what 
is  used  being  carried  up  on  mules' backs, 
making  it  expensive.  The  water  used  for 
the  engine,  which  is  of  20-horse  power, 
is  obtained  from  the  White  Pine  Water 
Co. ,  by  whom  it  is  forced  to  the  top  of  the 
hill. 


The  Paul  Process. 

We  have  from  time  to  time  called  the  at- 
tention of  the  mining  community  to  thisrad- 
ically  new  system  for  the  working  of  ores. 
We  say  radically  new,  as  while  other  modes 
gather  the  precious  metals  by  wet  amalga- 
mation, this  is  by  electro- galvanic  dry 
amalgamation.  Connected  with  this  proc- 
ess is  also  a  new  plan  of  pulverization  of 
the  quartz,  which  is  done  by  a  self-feeding 
and  self-discharging  pulverizing  barrel 
whereby  quartz  is  made  to  reduce  quartz, 
thus  turning  all  wear  and  tear  of  pulveri- 
zation to  a  profit,  instead  of  a  tax. 

We  are  informed  that  the  new  six-ton 
mill  recently  erected  at  Dun  Glen,  Nov., 
by  Messrs.  Sprague  &  Co.,  and  where  this 
process  and  machinery  is  in  practical  oper- 
ation has  demonstrated  the  process  to  be 
all  Mr.  Paul  has  claimed  for  it.  We  have 
been  shown  some  of  the  ore  as  first  reduced 
and  passed  through  a  No.  10  wire  cloth; 
also  the  pulverized  ore,;and  the  pulverized 
amalgamated  ore  containing  20  per  cent. 
of  mercury,  without  a  particle  being  per- 
ceptible to  the  naked  eye,  so  finely  dissem- 


inated is  it  through  the  ore,  and  lastly,  a 
bottle  containing  gold  as  amalgamated, 
which  is  infinitesimal  in  fineness,  that  we 
are  satisfied  cannot  be  collected  by  water 
in  motion.  We  have  also  seen  a  bar  of 
gojd  worth  several  hundred  dollars,  one  of 
several  already  extracted,  and  which  is  es- 
timated at  .080  fine. 

There  is  one  thing  in  connection  with 
this  process  which  seems  to  be  of  peculiar 
value,  and  that  is  no  base  substances  such 
as  lead,  zinc,  antimony,  copper  or  arsenic 
appear  to  enter  into  combination  with  tho 
precious  metal  or  vitiate  the  mercury.  To 
use  Mr.  Paul's  expression: — "  They  are 
placed  in  antagonism  during  the  process 
of  amalgamation,  the  mercury  having  an 
affinity  only  for  the  precious  metal." 

We  are  glad  to  know  that  Mr.  Paul,  af- 
ter so  many  years  of  labor  to  develop  this 
system,  is  likely  to  be  amply  rewarded, 
and  the  great  interest  of  mining  ou  this 
coast  to  be  also  substantially  benefitted. 
We  shall  keep  our  readers  posted  on  the 
process  as  substantial  and  reliable  data 
presents  itself. 


Academy  of  Sciences. 

The  Academy  of  Sciences  held  their  reg- 
ular meeting  on  Tuesday  evening,  Jan.  2d; 
24  members  present.  Professor  Ehrenberg 
and  Professor  Darwin  were  elected  honor- 
ary members.  The  President  stated  that 
according  to  the  revised  constitution  the 
Trustees  were  empowered  to  propose  an- 
nually the  names  of  two  ordinary  mem- 
bers for  life  membership  in  consideration 
of  important  services  rendered  the  Acad- 
emy. The  names  of  H.  G.  Bloomer  and 
W.  G.  Hartford  were  proposed  to  be  acted 
upon  at  the  next  meeting. 

In  accordance  with  the  usual  custom, 
President  Blake  read  an  interesting  ad- 
dress, reviewing  the  condition  of  the  Acad- 
emy, speaking  of  its  prospects,  and  com- 
menting forcibly  on  the  general  advantage 
of  the  diffusion  of  scientific  knowledge. 
He  spoke  of  what  science  had  done  and 
what  it  will  do,  made  some  interesting  re- 
marks on  science  being  necessary  to  health ; 
the  need  of  scientific  teachers;  the  natural 
advantages  of  San  Francisco  for  scientific 
study;  the  scientific  eduoation  of  women, 
and  closed  his  address  with  some  refer- 
ence to  the  State  Geological  Survey. 

Mr.  H.  G.  Bloomer,  the  curator  of  the 
Museum,  read  his  annual  report,  showing 
a  growth  of  both  the  cabinet  an3  library. 
Mr.  H.  G.  Hanks  also  presented  his  re- 
port as  curator  of  minerals,  etc.  The 
Treasurer,  Mr.  Elisha  Brooks,  showed  by 
his  annual  report  that  the  total  receipts 
were  $1,279.35;  disbursements,  $1,166.50; 
balance  on  hand,  $112.85. 

The  result  of  the  election  of  officers  for 
the  ensuing  year,  was  as  follows:  Presi- 
dent, Prof.  George  Davidson ;  Vice  Presi- 
dent, Dr.  John  Hewston;  Recording  Sec- 
retary, Dr.  George  Hewston;  Correspond- 
ing Secretary,  Henry  G.  Hanks;  Treasu- 
rer, Elisha  Brooks;  Director  of  Museum, 
H.  G.  Bloomer;  Librarian,  C.  M.  Ellin- 
wood;  Trustees:  Dr.  C.  M.  Hitchcock,  Dr. 
James  Blake,  Gen.  John  Hewston  and 
Gen.  David  Colton, 


18 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  13,  1872. 


Correspondence. 


Mill  and  Mining  in  Plumas  Co. 

Editoks  Press: — The  recent  heavy  rains 
coming  as  they  did  upon  a  considerable 
body  of  snow,  ensures  plenty  of  water  for 
mining  operations  during  the  next  twelve 
months,  and  indeed  gives  to  mining  mat- 
ters generally  in  this  county  a  more  favor- 
able aspect  than  for  many  years  past. 

During  the  past  two  years  some  very1 
important  discoveries  have  been  made  in 
various  portions  of  the  county,  both  in  the 
way  of  quartz  and  placer  mines,  but  have 
lacked  development  in  a  great  measure  for 
the  want  of  water. 

Mills. 

A  number  of  new  quartz  mills  have  been, 
and  are  being  erected,  and  will  be  ready 
to  commence  operations  with  the  opening 
of  spring.  At  the  Indian  Valley  mine,  re- 
cently purchased  by  Messrs.  Applegarth 
and  Drake,  of  San  Francisco,  a  thirty- 
two  stamp  mill  is  being  erected  which  will 
be  ready  for  work  in  a  few  months.  Of 
the  old  twelve-stamp  mill,  six;  stamps  are 
now  running,  the  rock  yielding  an  average 
of  about  $15  per  ton.  I  learn  that  the  tew 
proprietors  purpose  to  push  operations 
rapidly,  and  to  thoroughly  prospect  and 
develop  the  mine  during  the  coming  year. 
The 

Greenville  Mining  Co. 
Are  at  work  upon  rock  from  the  Union 
ledge  located  near  to,  and  supposed  to  be 
an  extension  of  the  Indian  Valley  ledge. 
This  company  have  a  twelve-stamp  mill 
running  upon  rock  paying  from  $15  to 
$28  per  ton.  Mr.  H.  C.  Bidwell,  the  Supt., 
informs  me  that  upon  the  completion  of 
the  new  tunnel,  now  being  run  at  a  depth 
of  460  feet,  the  mill  will  be  removed  to 
a  point  very  near  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel, 
the  only  trouble  now  being  the  expense  of 
hauling  the  rock  over  a  mile  from  the 
mine  to  the  mill.     At 

Round  Valley 
The  new  mill  of  J.  D.  Compton  is  crush- 
ing some  twenty  tons  of  rock  per  day,  the 
returns  being  from  $15  to  $18  per  ton. 
This  mill,  although  of  only  six  stamp  ca- 
pacity is  one  of  the  new  patents,  being  a 
double  battery  with  a  double  discharging 
apparatus,  and  crushes  as  much  rock  as 
the  ordinary  twelve-stamp  mill. 

Mr.  H.  Gregg  is  running  the  old  Bach- 
elder  mill  on  rock  taken  from  the  Grass 
ledge,  but  with  what  result  I  did  not 
learn.     The 

Crescent 
Mill  has  been  icle  for  some  months,  only 
the  pumps  are  kept  running  to  keep  the 
water  out  of  the  mines.  The  Supt. ,  Capt. 
Brenpford,  informs  me  that  the  mine  has 
been  sold  to  a  company  of  English  capit- 
alists, who  are  now  on  their  way  out  to 
commence  operations.  The  Crescent  has 
proved  itself  to  be  one  of  the  richest  gold- 
bearing  ledges  in  northern  California,  the 
yield  up  to  the  time  of  the  suspension  of 
work,  being  nearly  one  million  of  dollars. 

Placer  Mining 
Is  not  carried  on  very  extensively  in  this 
portion   of  the  county,  though  there  are 
some    claims  on   Indian    Creek  that  are 
paying  moderately  well. 

Around  La  Porte.Port  Wine,  Gibsonville, 
Saint  Louis  and  Howland  Flat  extensive 
preparations  are  being  made  for  next 
year's  mining,  and  more  gold  will  be  taken 
out  than  for  some  years  past. 

At  La  Porte  a  tunnel  is  being  run  under 
Bald  Mountain,  lying  to  the  northward 
of  the  town,  and  a  rich  gravel  bed  discov- 
ered. 

This  deposit  has  been  prospected  at  va- 
rious points  and  found  to  extend  all  the 
way  to  Gibsonville,  a  distance  of  some 
nine  miles.  Dr.  Brewster  showed  me  his 
claim  on  Slate  Creek,  which  he  proposes 
o  work  next  year.  The  doctor  has 
at  a  very  heavy  expense,  run  a  tunnel 
under  a  point  of  rocks,  changing  the 
course  of  the  stream,  and  gaining  some  20 
feet  of  fall.  He  is  now  putting  in  slui- 
ces for  he  purpose  of  sluicing  out  the 
tailings  in  the  bed  of  the  creek,  that  have 
accumulated  there  since  '49  and  '50.  He 
is  very  sanguine  of  success  and  no  man 
better  deserves  it. 

Other  claims  are  to  be  mined  on  a  more 
extensive  scale  than  heretofore,  of  which  I 
shall  speak  in  my  next.  w.  M.  A. 

Crescent  Mills,  Dec.  22,  1871. 


The  Succession  of  Seasons.    , 

Editoks  Pkess: — Following  is  the  rain- 
fall in  this  locality  for  December,  1871. 
■With  the  exception  of  a  shower  on  the  2d, 
the  month  continued  so  dry  until  the  night 
of  Sunday,  17th,  that  many  and  grave 
were  the  predictions  of  "  another  dry  year." 

Since  then,  we  have  had  OuT-share  of  tha 
abundant  rains  which  have  fallen  through- 
out our  State,  to  make  glad  the  hearts  of 
our  people.  The  heavy  rains  commenced 
between  7  and  8  p.  m.  the  17th.  The  re- 
suit  for  the  month  is  as  follows: 

DATE.  INCHES. 

Dec.  2 — Showers  between  5  and  9  a.  si 0.04 

"  18— To  7  a.  m 2.66 

"  19— To  7  a.  m ■.: 1.93 

"  20— To  7  a.  m 0.58 

■J  21— To  noon 0.12 

"  23— To  8  p.  m 0.54 

"  24— Showers  to  7  A.  M 0.02 

"  27— Between  7  and  12  A.  M i 0.17 

' '  28— To  7  a.  M 0.11 

"  29— To. 8  p.  m 0.44 

' '  30— To  8a.m 0.11 

"  31— To  midnight 0.47 

Total  for  December,  '71 7. 19 

Add  for  October  and  November,  '71 1.33 

Total  to  date  for  the  season ..  8.52 

This  makes  an  inch  and  a  quarter  more 
than  fell  all  last  season ;  the  entire  amount 
then  being  7.24  inches.  In  December, 
alone,  we  have  had  almost  as  much  as  fell 
in  the  season  of  '70  and  '71. 

If  those  who  have  a  complete  copy  of 
Dr.  Logan's  Rain  Table  giving  the  rain 
for  each  month,  at  Sacramento,  since  '49, 
will  compare  the  amount  of  rain  this  De- 
cember, with  the  number  of  inches  each 
December  succeeding  a  dry  year,  they  will 
find  another  remarkable  agreement  that 
tends  to  confirm  the  principle  of  a  regular 
succession  in  our  seasons,  which  was 
pointed  out  in  the  Rural  Press' for  No- 
vember 11th.  Attention  has  already  been 
called  to  the  fact  that  as  far  as  past  ob- 
servations go,  the  Sacramento  rain-table 
answers  very  well  for  our  valley. 

That  table  gives  fo»  Dec,  1851 7.07  inches 

"       "     1857 6.63      " 

"       "     1864 7.°6      " 

Now  we  have  for  Dec,  1871 7.19      " 

That  is,  for  each  December  immediately 
after  a  dry  year,  our  valley  has  had  a 
little  more  or  less  than  7  inches  of  rain. 
Is  this  not  a  striking  correspondence  in 
seasons,  to  say  the  least? 

It  is  very  easy  to  say,  "  It  just  happened 
so."  But  does  it  not  look  as  if  there  is  a 
principle  of  succession  here  that  has  its 
origin  in  the  laws  of  nature  which  produce 
the  seasons  in  our  valley  ?  And  does  it  not 
tend  to  confirm  the  inference  that  we  may 
confidently  expect  a- rainfall  this  winter 
ranging  at  least  from  17  to  22  inches? 

While   speaking    of    these   agreements, 
notice  another,  though   not  an  important 
one,  between  the  seasons  of  '04  and  '71. 
Whole  rain  at  Sacramento  in  winter 

of  63  and '64 7.86  inches 

Whole  rain  at  Sacramento,  Dec,  '64.7.86  " 
Wholerain  here, winter  of  '70  and  '71.7.24  " 
Whole  rain  here,  Dec,  '71 7.19      " 

Close  race  that,  -between  these  Decem- 
ber rains  and  the  preceding  seasons. 

J.  w.  a.  w. 

Turlock,  Stanislaus  Co.,  Jan.  1,  1872. 


Unfermented  Juice  of  the  Grape. 

Editors  Press:— I  have  recently  seen  it 
stated  that  Dr.  B.  F.  Headen  of  Santa  Clara, 
has  invented  a  process  by  which  the  juice 
of  the  grape  may  be  preserved  sweet  or 
without  fermentation  any  length  of  time. 
What  the  invention  consists  of  I  do  not 
know. 

I  will  give  you,  however,  and  the  read- 
ers of  the  Press  our  mode  of  preserving 
the  juice  of  the  grape,  or  the  juice  of  any 
other  fruit,  free  from  fermentation  for  any 
length  of  time.  The  process,  as  practiced 
by  my  wife,  is  original  with  her.  She  ha? 
so  preserved  the  juice  of  the  grape  for  the 
last  ten  or  twelve  years.  That  is  to  say, 
she  has  put  up  more  or  less  of  it  every 
year  for  that  length  of  time.  It  has  not 
kept  so  long,  however,  because  it  is  too 
good  to  keep.  She  has  it  now  two  years 
old,  and  I  think  some  that  is  three. 

You,  and  more  particularly  those  "mak- 
ing inquiries  as  to  where  this  unfermented 
juice  is  manufactured,"  will  perhaps  be  a 
little  surprised  to  learn  that  the  process  is 
identical  with  the  one  practiced  by  almost 
every  housekeeper  in  the  land  in  the  pres- 
ervation of  fruit  in  tin  cans,  glass  jars, 


bottles — that  and  nothing  more.  Both  de- 
pend for  success  on  the  same  principle — 
the  exclusion  of  the  air. 

Any  one  who  can  put  up,  and  preserve, 
without  fermentation,  a  bottle  of  grapes', 
hulls,  seeds  and  all,  can,  in  the  same  way, 
preserve  the  juice  -without  the  hulls  and 
seeds.  Why  noW  It  is  a  temperance 
drink,  pure  and  wholesome,  and  Contains 
not  a  particle  of  alcohol. 
~  That*  none  may  fail  who  destreto  try  it, 
I  give  themodein  detail: — Gather  clean-, 
ripe  grapes;  strip  them  from  the  stems; 
"put  them  -into  a  stew  kettle  and  bring  to 
the  boil;  turn  them  into  a  sack,  press  out 
the  juice;  put  the  juice  -back  into  the 
kettle  and  bring  it  again  to  the  boiling 
point;  then  set  it  off  and  with  a  funnel,  fill 
it  into  bottles — champagne  bottles  are 
best — till  they  are  full.  My  wife's  mode 
of  sealing  is  as  follows:— Have  some  strong 
muslin  cut  into  pieces  two  inches  square, 
as- many  as  there  are  bottles  to  be  filled; 
then  melt  some  resin  in  a  convenient  ves- 
sel ;  add  thereto  sufficient  tallow  to  render  it 
slightly  elastic,  so  that  it  will  not  break  or 
orack  in  cooling  and  admit  air.  With  this 
melted  resin  cover  one  side  of  the  two- 
inch  square  cloth;  lay  it  over  the  mouth  of 
the  bottle  and  with  the  hand  press  it  down 
around  the  neck  of  the  bottle;  tie  a  little 
string  around  it,  then  put  a  little  more 
resin  over  the  top.  If  the  work  is  prop- 
erly done  I  will  guarantee  it  to  keep  from 
one  to  a  thousand  years — if  not  sooner 
drank.  Hiram  Pomeroy. 

Milpitas,  Dec.  25,  1871. 

Reproduction  of  Forest  Trees,  Etc. 

Editors  Press:—  I  noticed  sometime 
since  an  article  in  your  paper  in  regard  to 
the  reproductiveness  of  certain  native 
timber.  I  have  been  a  resident  of  this 
State  twenty-two  years,  during  which  time 
I  have  had  ample  opportunity  for  observ- 
ing the  growth  and  reproductive  qualities 
of  our  different  forest  trees. 

Redwood — Which  is  the  principal  mate- 
rial used  for  nearly  all  ordinary  building 
purposes  in  this  State,  and  which  is  being 
so  rapidly  used  for  the  purposes  men- 
tioned, that  the  day  is  not  far  distant  when 
it  will  be  among  the  scarcest  of  our  tim- 
ber trees,  reproduces  itself  by  suckeriug, 
which  process  is  so  slow  that  it  can  only 
become  beneficial  to  generations  in  the 
very  distant  future. 

In  proof  of  this  I  will  mentipn  a  stump 
from  which  the  tree  was  cut  18  years  ago. 
This  stump  is  six  feet  in  diameter,  and  has 
put  forth  three  suckers  or  shoots — the 
largest  of  which  has  attained  a  hight  of 
about  twenty  feet,  and  is  ten  inches  in 
diameter  at  the  base.  Now,  if  we  cut  this 
eighteen-year  old  sapling  down,  we  will 
discover  that  the  solid  wood  part  is  only 
about  one-fourth  the  thickness  of  the 
whole  tree,  and  the  balance,  owing  to  its 
spongy  nature,  is  unfit  for  any  use,  and 
will  decay  a  short  time  after  being  cut. 

The  Oaks — Of  which  we  have  several  va- 
rieties, including  what  is  known  as  white 
oak,  black  oak,  red  oak,  live  oak,  and  tan- 
bark  or  chestnut  oak,  are  all,  with  one  ex- 
ception (white  oak) ,  reproductive  by  suek- 
ering;  but  none  of  which  thus  far — owing 
perhaps  to  climatic  influences — have  to 
any  great  extent  been  utilized,  except  for 
fuel  and  for  tanning  purposes. 

The  chestnut  oak,  is  a  very  beautiful 
evergreen,  much  resembling  the  Euro- 
pean chestnut  in  foliage.  It  is  a  rapid 
grower  and  can  easily  be  raised  from  the 
acorns  which  are  found  scattered  in  abund- 
ance beneath  the  trees,  in  the  months  of 
September  and  October,  I  think  when 
this  tree  becomes  better  known  it  will  take 
the  place  of  many  other  sorts  now  planted 
for  shade  and  ornamental  purposes. 

The  California  Laurels  also  sends  up 
shoots  from  the  stump  when  the  old  tree 
is  destroyed.  Of  this  tree  too  much  can 
not  be  said  to  encourage  its  propagation 
among  husbandmen  throughout  the  State. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  wood  of  no  t.'ee 
in  the  world  takes  a  finer  polish,  and  none 
that  can  be  converted  into  more  beautiful 
articles  of  cabinet  work  than  this  laurel. 
It  is  bound  to  become  one  of  our  most 
valuable  forest  trees. 

This  tree  is  also  easily  grown  from  the 
nut,  which  can  be  procured  in  auy  quantity 
from  the  old  trees  in  the  fall  of  the  year. 

The  laurel  flourishes  best  in  moist 
places,  though  often  seen  on  high  ground. 
It  is  most  frequently  met  with  along  the 
banks  of  all  the  perennial  brooks  of  our 
State,  where  it  rejoices  in  the  fullness  of  its 
glory,  its  sweet,  aromatic  fragrance  re- 
minding ns  of  its  presence  before  we  be 
hold  its  glossy  beauty. 

Clemimus  Kahp. 

San  Jose,  Jan.  3,  1872. 


Eureka  Lakes. 

Were  the  reader  traveling  in  Nevada 
County,  climbing  up  the  hills  and  paus- 
ing in  the  gorges  to  take  a  drink  from  a 
dancing  streamlet,  then  on  again  up  among 
the  increasing  boulders  and1  canons,  a  sur- 
prise would  burst  upon  him  in  the  shape 
of  a  group  of  Lakes— twenty-four  in  all- 
clustering  around  each  other  like  the  set- 
ting of  ~a_cluster-ring,  and  more  beautiful 
in  appearance  than  all„the  diamond  clus- 
ters in  the  world. 

Twenty-four  —  the  largest  only  three 
miles  long  and  scarcely  a  mile  wide — all 
sizes  and  shapes,  set  in  the  hills  with  such 
a  variety  of  scenery  that  one  hardly  knows 
where  to  look  first,  or  what  particular 
point  to  admire  most  Pines  and  oaks  or- 
nament the  strips  of  land  between  them, 
while  a  numerous  variety  of  gorgeous 
flowering-shrubs,  such  as  the  wild  lilac 
and  manzanita,  perfume  the  clear  air  with 
an  exquisite  fragrance.  There  is  nothing 
particularly  marked  about  any  one  of  these 
Lakes,  but  the  entire  group  of  waterlets 
(if  we  may  coin  the  word)  presents  a^Jre 
rnarkable  scene  to  the  eye.  They  are  situ- 
ated in  the  eastern  part  of  Nevada  County, 
and  ought  to  be  one  of  the  fashionable  re- 
sorts of  the  State. 

Nothing  so  really  lonely  and  unique  can 
be  found  elsewhere  on  the  coast'  as  this 
group  of  twenty-four  pure- water  Lakes;  at 
a  distance  some  of  them  look  as  if  one's 
arms  could  span  them — 

"So  wondrous  wild,  the  whole  might  seem 
The  scenery  of  a  fairy  dream." 

From  any  approach  they  seem  to  smile 
a  welcome,  and  they  really  possess  the 
look  of  "intelligent  nature."  If  "the  air 
hath  voices,"  Eureka  Lakes  have  smiles, 
and  countenances  that  seem  to  change  in  a 
variety  of  sweet  expressions  as  one  changes 
position. 

The  smallest  appears  from  a  distance  like 
'  'A  narrow  inlet,  still  and  deep, 
Affording  scarce  such  breadth  of  brim 
As  served  the  wild  duck's  brood  to  swim; 
Lost  for  a  space  through  thickets  veering, 
But  broader  when  again  appearing." 

Another,  but  a  trifle  larger,  hemmed  in 
with  flowering  shrubs,  its  quiet  face  re- 
flecting the  shadows  of  the  clouds;  then 
still  another,  sparkling  with  glimmering 
rays  of  sunshine  that  rest  in  silver  lines 
across  it  from  shore  to  shore.  And  so  we 
may  spend  days  among  them,  hardly  know- 
ing which  to  admire  the  most,  and  wonder 
if  other  lands  can  have  anything  more 
lovely.—  Lisle  Lester.    • 

Apples  Without  Blossoms. — Some  time 
last  spring  there  was  considerable  talk 
about  apple  trees  that  never  bloom,  and 
which  have  been  very  productive.  During 
the  summer  Mr.  Ely,  of  Norwich,  Conn., 
sent  some  of  these  apples  to  the  Farmers* 
Club  of  New  York.  The  apples  came 
originally  from  the  farm  of  Mr.  Ely's 
father,  in  Litchfield  county,  of  the  same 
State.  The  original  tree  has  borne  for  over 
50  years  and  still  has  never  shown  a  per- 
ceptible blossom.  The  shape  of  the  blos- 
som end  is  very  peculiar,  and  Mr.  Fuller 
was  requested  to  dissect  one,  and  make 
such  remarks  as  he  might  see  fit  and  which 
might  be  of  interest  to  all  who  participated 
in  the  former  discussion  or  read  about  it 
in  the  papers. 

Mr.  Fuller  remarked  that  Mr.  Ely  had 
not  examined  closely,  or  he  would  have 
found  that  his  trees  do  bloom.  We  have 
in  these  specimens  the  proof  that  these  are 
blooms — not  perfect,  however,  because 
there  were  no  petals,  and  this  is  why  the 
man  thinks  there  are  no  blossoms.  The 
petals  in  almost  any  flower  is  merely  an 
ornamental  organ  and  not  essential  to  the 
production  of  fruit  or  pulp.  These  apple 
blossoms  had  a  calyx,  for  it  is  now  upon 
them;  they  had  also  pistils,  for  they  con- 
tain seed  and  probably  stamens,  as  I  find 
the  dried  up  fragments  of  the  same  within 
the  calyx.  If  our  correspondent  will  ex- 
amine his  apple  trees  very  carefully  he 
will  find  that  they  do  really  bloom,  al- 
though the  flowers  may  be  inconspicuous 
on  account  of  an  entire  want,  or  deformed 
petal. 

FineChromos. — Thechriunolithographic 
art  has  now  been  brought  to  such  perfec- 
tion in  America  by  Mr.  J.  Hoover,  of 
Philadelphia,  that  lovers  of  beautiful  pic- 
tures can  supply  their  homes  with  "  per- 
fect counterfeits  "  of  the  rarest  touches  of 
the  most  gifted  artists  of  both  old  and 
modern  days.  The  popular  pictures  are 
unmistakably  cultivating  a  new  and  ele- 
vating taste  for  fine  arts  in  the  American 
community.  Mr.  Hoover  is  constantly 
adding  to  his  already  long  list  of  home 
prints.  We  have  examined  those  men- 
tioned in  his  advertisement  in  the  Press 
and  can  say  they  are  among  the  most  at- 
tractive and  popular  of  any  yet  published 
in  this  country. 


January  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


19 


ECHANICAL 


Progress. 


The  Durability  of  Timber. 

A  lute  edition  of  Tredgold  on  carpentry 
furnishes  the  following  interesting  and 
useful  facts  with  regard  to  the  durability 
of  different  kinds  of  timber: 

In  regard  to  the  durability  of  different 
woods,  the  most  odoriferous  kinds  are  gen- 
erally considered  to  bo  tho  moat  durable; 
ajtao  woods  of  a  close  and  couipuet  texture 
arc  generally  moro durable  than  those  that, 
are  open  and  porous,  Wut  there  are  excep- 
tions, us  the  wood  of  the  ovorgreen  oak  is 
more  compact  than  that  of  the  common 
oak,  but  not  nearly  so  durable. 

Sir  H.  Davy  has  observed  that,  "in  gen- 
eral, the  quuntity  of  charcoal  afforded  by 
w Is  offers  a  tolerablo  accurate  indica- 
tion of  their  durability ;  those  most  abun- 
dant 111  charcoal  and  earthy  matter  are 
most  permanent;  and  those  that  contain 
tin-  largest  proportion  of  gaseous  elements 
are  the  most  destructible.  "Amongst  our 
own  trees,"  he  adds,  "the  chestnut  and  the 
oak  are  pre-eminent  as  to  durability,  and 
the  chestnut  affords  rather  more  carbon- 
aceous mutter  than  the  oak.  But  we  know 
from  experience,  that  red  or  yellow  fir  is  as 
durable  as  the  oak  in  most  situations, 
though  it  produces  less  charcoal  by  the  or- 
dinary process.  The  following  tablo  of 
the  quantity  of  charcoal  afforded  by  100 
parts  of  different  woods  is  added,  for  the 
information  of  the  reader; 

Oak.  ilry 22.6  |  IMno 20.0 

Chestnut S3.3    Boofoh  Pluo in. I 

Mahogany 25.4  I  Ash 17.ll 

Walnut S0.6  I  Norway  i  m.   111.2 

Blm 10.5    Sallow ib.4 

Beech 19.fl  I  Birch 17.4 

Fir 15.0  1  Sycamore l'J.7 

But  it  does  not  appear  that  the  propor- 
tion of  charcoal  is  a  satisfactory  criterion 
of  the  durability. 

An  experiment  to  determine  the  compar- 
ative durability  of  different  woods  is  re- 
lated in  Young's  "Annals  of  Agriculture," 
which  will  be  more  satisfactory  than  any 
speculative  opinion;  and  it  is  much  to  be 
regretted  that  such  experiments  have  not 
been  oftener  made. 

"Inch  and  half  planks  of  trees  from 
thirty  to  forty-five  years'  growth,  after  ton 
years'  standing  in  the  weather,  were  exam- 
amined  and  found  to  be  in  the  following 
state  and  condition: 

Cedar,  perfectly  sound;  larch,  the  heart 
sound,  but  sap  quite  decayed;  spruce  fir, 
sound;  silver  fir,  in  decay;  Scotch  fir, 
much  decayed;  pinaster,  quite  rotten; 
chestnut,  perfectly  sound;  abele,  sound; 
walnut,  in  decay;  sycamore,  much  de- 
cayed; beech,  sound;   birch,  quite  rotten. 

This  shows  at  once  the  kinds  that  are 
hest  adapted  to  resist  the  weather;  but 
even  in  the  same  kind  of  wood  there  is 
much  difference  in  the  durability,  and  the 
observation  is  as  old  as  Pliny,  that  "the 
timber  of  those  trees  which  grow  in  moist 
and  shady  places  is  not  so  good  as  that 
which  comes  from  a  more  exposed  situa- 
tion, nor  is  it  so  close,  substantial,  and 
durable;"  and  Vitmvius  has  made  similar 
observations. 

Also  split  timber  is  more  durable  thau 
sawed  timber,  for  the  fissure  in  splitting 
follows  the  grain,  and  leaves  it  whole, 
whereas  the  saw  divides  the  fibers  and 
moisture  finds  more  ready  access  to  the 
internal  parts  of  the  wood.  Split  timber 
is  also  stronger  than  sawed  timber  be- 
cause the  fibers,  being  continuous,  resist 
by  means  of  their  longitudinal  strength; 
but  when  divided  by  the  saw,  the  resist- 
ance often  depends  on  the  lateral  cohesion 
of  the  fibers,  which  is  in  some  woods  only 
one  twentieth  of  the  direct  cohesion  of  the 
same  fibers.  For  the  same  reason  whole 
trees  are  stronger  than  specimens,  unless 
the  specimens  be  selected  of  a  straight 
grain,  but  the  difference  in  large  scant- 
ling is  so  small  as  not  to  be  deserving  of 
notice  in  practice. 

Of  the  durability  of  timber  in  a  wet 
state,  the  piles  of  the  bridge,  built  by  the 
Emperor  Trajan  across  the  Danube,  are 
an  example.  One  of  these  piles  was  taken 
up,  and  found  to  be  petrified  to  the  depth 
of  three  fourths  of  nn  inch;  but  the  rest 
of  the  wood  was  little  different  from  its 
ordinary  state,  though  it  had  been  driven 
more  than  sixteen  centuries. 

The  piles  under  the  piers  of  old  London 
Bridge  had  been  driven  about  600  years, 
and,  from  Mr.  Dance's  observations  in 
1746,  it  did  not  appear  that  they  were  ma- 
terially decayed;  indeed  they  were  found 
to  the  last  to  be  sufficiently  sound  to  sup- 
port the  massy  superstructure.  They 
were  chiefly  of  elm. 

Also,  in  digging  away  the  foundation  of 
old  Savoy  Palace,  London,  built  nearly 
700  years  ago,  the  whole  of  the  piles,  eon 


sistiug   of   oak,  elm,  beech,    aud  chestnut, 
were  found  iu   a  state   of  perfect  sound- 
1  also  was  the  planking  which   cov- 
eted the  pile  ■ 

i  >n  opening  one  of  the  tombs  at  Thebes, 
M.  liolzoni  discovered  two  statues  of  wood, 
in  gooil  preservation;  the  only  decayed 
parts  being  the  sockets  to  receive  the  eyes. 
The  wood  of  these  statues  is  probably  the 
oldest  in  existence  that  bears  the  traces  of 
human  labor. 


Mechanical  Progress  in  the  United 
States. 

Thorn  is  nothing  which  brings  the  ma- 
terial progress  of  the  United  States  into 
more  prominent  light  than  a  retrospec- 
tive view  of  the  condition  of  affairs  forty 
years  ago,  in  regard  to  the  capacities  of 
OUT  mechanics  to  produce  machinery.  In 
1828,  the  first  locomotive  was  imported 
from  England,  to  draw  the  coal  cars  on 
the  Carbondale  and  Houesdale  Railroad, 
l'a.;  the  second  in  1830,  to  run  passen- 
ger-cars on  tho  Mohawk  aud  Hudson 
Railroad.  Tho  first  American  locomotive 
was  built  in  1830,  in  the  United  States 
foundry,  at  West  Point,  for  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad,  and  the  third  in  1831, 
for  tho  Mohawk  and  Hudson  Railroad, 
which  road  was  soon  abandoned  and  bro- 
ken up  for  want  of  patronage. 

Iu  the  same  year  Baldwin,  of  Philadel- 
phia, made  a  miniature  locomotive,  which 
could  draw  two  little  cars  with  four  per- 
sons; he  exhibited  it  in  Peale's  Museum, 
in  Philadelphia,  and  this  exhibition  laid 
tho  foundation  for  his  forlune,  aud  the 
largo  machine  shop  in  that  city,  still 
bearing  his  name.  In  the  following  year, 
he  received  an  order  from  the  German- 
town  Railroad  Company  to  build  a  large 
locomotive.  It  would  have  frightened  any 
other  man  of  less  pluck,  as  in  the  whole 
city  thore  wore  only  five  men  who  were 
able  to  help  him,  and  no  proper  tools  at 
all.  He  therefore  commenced  at  once  to 
make  tools  aud  patterns,  and,  incredible 
as  it  seems,  in  six  months  tho  locomotive 
was  ready.  It  appears  to  have  been  a 
very  delicate  affair,  as  the  advertisements 
in  the  Philadelphia  papers  of  that  day 
prove.  They  say,  "Passengers  to  Ger- 
mantown  will  go  with  a  train  of  cars 
drawn  by  the  new  engine,  when  the 
weather  is  fair;  when  it  rains,  the  horses 
will  draw  the  cars. " 

Notwithstanding  this,  Baldwin's  reputa- 
tion was  settled;  before  the  end  of  1834, 
he  had  finished  live  locomotives.  He  was 
then  able  to  finish  two  small  ones  in  a 
year;  now  the  same  shop  finishes  one  of 
large  size,  with  tender,  etc.,  every  day. 
The  first  small  locomotives  could  run  with 
a  velocity  of  ten  miles  an  hour,  and  draw 
one  or  two  tons;  the  present  locomotives 
have  a  speed  of  40  miles  per  hour,  and 
draw  1,000  tons. 

A  business  commenced  in  1831,  with 
five  men,  without  proper  tools,  in  a  small 
shop,  (which  stjll  stands,)  has  increased 
in  1871  to  a  large  manufactory  grown 
around  it,  occupying  a  quarter  of  a  mill- 
ion square  feet,  employing  2,000  men,  and 
manufacturing  four  million  dollars  worth 
of  locomotives  per  year,  which  are  sent 
to  California,  Canada,  South  America, 
Europe,  etc.,  in  spite  of  European  com- 
petition, of  cheap  labor,  and  cheap  ma- 
terial.— Manufacturer  and  Builder. 

Experiments  with  Lubricators. 

A  very  elaborate  sories  of  experiments 
were  recently  made  in  New  York  to  test  the 
relative  value  of  different  lubricators. 
The  experiments  were  continued  during  a 
period  of  fourteen  months.  The  following 
were  the  general  results  and  inferences: 
The  consumption  of  oil  varies  with  its  tem- 
perature when  applied. 

Winter  sperrn  oil,  sustained  the  heaviest 
pressure,  and  was  taken  as  the  initial  of 
comparison  for  all  others,  and  their  per 
cent,  of  lubricating  value  determiued  by 
it.  The  tests  of  mineral  oils  and  mixtures 
of  animal  and  fish  oils  with  them  would 
not  sustain  an  equal  pressure  with  the 
sperm,  when  equal  quantities  of  the  oil 
were  applied,  without  rapidly  increasing 
the  temperature  of  the  journals,  and  pro- 
ducing an  abrasion  of  their  surfaces. 

When  the  pressure  on  the  bearings  were 
made  equal  with  winter  sperm,  it  required 
from  100  to  400  per  cent,  increase  of  oil,  to 
keep  the  temperature  of  the  journals  below 
100°  Eahr. 

Experiments  were  made  at  varied  veloc- 
ites,  with  the  same  oils.  The  results  proved 
that  as  the  velocity  was  reduced  the  pres- 
sure could  be  increased,  and  the  relative 
consumption  of  oil,  applied  at  equal  tem- 
peratures, was  decreased  in  almost  equal 
ratio. 


iCIENTiFIC 


Progress. 


Wl 


Meteorites— Their  Orbits,  Etc 

Much  attention  has  of  late  years  been 
given  to  that  erratic  class  of  heavenly 
bodies  known  as  meteors,  or, .as  they  are 
sometimes  called,  shooting  stars.  In  raro 
instances  these  bodies  roach  the  earth,  and 
when  they  do,  they  are  usually  called 
aorolites,  or  motooric  stones,  from  the 
character  of  their  composition.  Those 
which  reach  tho  earth  are  not  supposed  to 
be  in  any  way  different  from  those  which 
merely  blaze  out  for  an  instant,  or  shoot 
across  a  portion  of  the  heavens,  leaving*  a 
bright  train  of  light  behiud. 

When  they  fall  to  the  earth,  their  direc- 
tion is  such  as  to  lead  to  an  unavoidable 
collision;  those  which  become  visible,  for 
a  moment  only,  aud  do  not  fall,  enter  into 
and  pass  through  the  upper  and  more  rari- 
tied  portions  of  tho  atmosphere.  If  their 
direction  is  such  that  they  enter  deeply 
into  tho  atmosphere,  but  not  pointed 
directly  to  the  earth's  surface,  their  motion 
is  so  much  retarded  by  the  friction  of  the 
air,  that  their  direction  is  sufficiently 
changed  by  gravitation  to  bring  them  to 
the  earth,  and  thus  end  their  existence  as 
separate  and  distinct  bodies  in  space. 

Meteors  are  of  all  sizes,  from  those  of  a 
few  grains  in  weight  to  those  of  many 
pounds  or  even  tous.  The  former,  on  en- 
tering deeply  into  the  atmosphere,  are 
rapidly  dissipated  by  the  great  heat  which 
is  created  by  their  friction,  and  the  con- 
suming effect  of  the  oxygen  with  which 
they  come  in  contact.  The  larger  ones  are 
usually  fractured  by  the  great  heat  pro- 
duced upon  their  surface,  and  fall  in  frag- 
ments to  the  earth.  Their  fracture  is  usu- 
ally attended  by  concussion,  which  often 
sounds  like  the  report  of  distant  cannon. 
The  continued,  subdued  roaring  which  is 
often  heard  during  their  flight  across  the 
heavens  in  their  approach  to  the  earth,  is 
produced  by  the  rushing  past  them,  later- 
ally, of  the  air,  which  falls  rapidly  in 
behind  them,  to  fill  the  partial  vacuum 
caused  by  their  motion. 

It  has  been  calculated  that  not  less  than 
an  average  of  Beven  millions  of  meteors 
might  be  seen  from  all  parts  of  the  earth, 
every  twenty-four  hours,  provided  the 
earth  should  move  during  that  time 
through  a  clear  sky,  without  any  light 
from  the  sun  or  moon.  If  all  the  meteors 
which  so  pass  the  earth  within  the  time 
specified  could  be  brought  into  the  field  of 
a  telescope,  it  is  calculated,  on  reliable 
authority,  that  the  number  would  reach 
fully  four  hundred  millions! 

All  these  bodies  move  around  the  sun, 
and  late  observations  have  established  the 
fact  that  many,  if  not  most  of  them,  move 
in  approximately  concentrated  orbits, 
like  the  asteroids;  but  unlike  the  aster- 
oids, in  extremely  elliptical  orbits,  like 
comets.  The  path  of  the  "  November 
meteors"  has  its  aphelion  just  beyond  the 
orbit  of  Uranus,  and  its  perhelion  at  or 
near  the  earth's  orbit,  and  inclined  about 
17  degrees  to  that  of  the  earth. 

Careful  observations  have  led  to  the  sup- 
position that  there  are  at  least  fifty  differ- 
ent rings  of  meteors,  such  as  the  Novem- 
ber ring,  of  which,  however,  that  is  by 
far  the  most  extensive.  Chemical  analysis 
has  revealed  the  presence  of  at  least  twen- 
ty-three different  elements  in  these  me- 
teors, out  of  the  whole  number  of  sixty 
five  thus  far  discovered  as  composing  the 
earth's  substance.  The  names  of  these 
elementsare  as  follows:  Oxygen,  hydrogen, 
nitrogen,  sulphur,  phosphorus,  carbon, 
silicon,  nickel,  chromium,  tin,  aluminum, 
magnesium,  calcium,  potassium,  sodium, 
cobalt,  manganese,  iron,  copper,  titanium, 
lead,  lithium  and  strontium.  The  pres- 
ence of  these  elements,  found  also  in  the 
earth,  suggests  a  common  origin. 

The  asteroids  probably  compose  a  "  ring" 
very  similar  to  the  November  meteors;  but 
its  great  distance  from  the  earth  will  not 
admit  of  any  except  its  larger  component 
parts  being  seen,  even  by  the  telescope. 
No  doubt  a  closer  view  would  reveal  an 
almost  illimitable  number,  even  down  to 
bodies  not  greater  than  the  larger  aster- 
oids. These  bodies  are  supposed  to  be 
either  the  fragments  of  an  exploded  planet, 
or  a  planetary  body  thrown  off  from  the 
sun  in  the  form  of  a  ring,  and  aggregated 
into  a  great  number  of  small  bodies,  in- 
stead of  into  one  large  body,  like  the  earth 
and  other  planets. 

From  the  eocentrity  of  the  orbits  of  the 


meteorites,  wemight  perhaps  suppose  them 
to  be  fragmentary  portions  of  a  cometary 
body,  widely  scattered  iu  space,  instead  of 
being  ooncentrated  into  a  single  body,  as 
are  the  bodies  known  us  comets. 

The  spectrum,  that  wonderful  instrument 
of  comparatively  recent  discovery,  which 
is  just  beginning  to  be  employed  in  the 
observation  of  cornels,  appears  to  indicate 
that  these  erratic  bmlies  are  composed  of 
gases  at  a  very  elevated  temperature.  A 
careful  microscopio  study  of  many  of  the 
asteroids  which  have  fallen  to  the  earth, 
shows  most  conclusively  that  these  bodies 
have  at  some  time  been  in  a  state  of  vapor 
— as  tho  comets  now  are — and  that  proxi- 
mately they  are  made  up  of  sraull  rounded 
globules,  which  have  accumulated  and 
been  more  or  less  fractured  by  mutual  im- 
pact, and  finally  consolidated.  These  sup- 
posed facts  would  seem  to  indicate  a  com- 
mon origin  for  comets  and  meteors. 

Action  of  Sulphurous  Acid  on  Phos- 
phates.— B.  W.  Gerland  has  been  making 
some  important  experiments  on  the  action 
of  aqueous  sulphurous  acid  upon  phos- 
phates, which  have  developed  some  points 
of  great  practical  importance,  especially 
in  their  bearing  on  the  manufacture  of  ar- 
tificial composts  and  soluble  phosphates. 
He  finds  that  aqueous  sulphurous  acid 
does  not,  like  the  strong  acids,  wholly  de- 
compose the  phosphates,  but  transforms 
them  into  soluble  modifications.  The  or- 
dinary bone  phosphate,  called  tribasic,  is 
easily  soluble  in  sulphurous  acid,  and  if 
the  solution  be  hastily  boiled  and  evapor- 
ated in  open  vessels,  a  crystalline  double 
salt,  a  mixture  of  tribasic  phosphate  with 
a  sulphate  of  lime,  will  separate.  This 
new  and  remarkable  body  is  said  to  be 
quite  permanent,  and  in  reference  to  its 
use  as  a  disinfectant,  aud  upou  farm  land 
it  is  certainly  deserving  of  special  notice. 
If  we  can  by  means  of  sulphurous  acid  de- 
compose the  phosphates,  we  shall  avoid 
the  expense  of  sulphuric  acid,  which  must 
first  be  made  from  sulphurous  acid,  and  ob- 
tain a  product  not  so  difficult  to  handle, 
and  capable  of  a  greater  variety  of  uses 
than  the  superphosphates  made  in  the  old 
way.  Mr.  G.  has  studied  the  behavior  of 
sulphurous  acid  towards  other  phosphates, 
the  results  of  which,  however,  being  purely 
theoretical  we  omit  them. 


Bromide  or  Potassium. — The  increasing 
use  of  bromide  of  potassium,  another  of 
chemistry's  contributions,  would  have 
been  impossible,  were  it  not  for  the  extra- 
ordinary discovery  of  an  apparently  evap- 
orated sea  water  bed  in  Germany.  The 
amount  of  bromide  consumed  in  medicine 
is  now  enormous,  and  most  of  it  is  derived 
from  this  source.  The  same  mines  have 
also  completely  changed  our  sources  of 
potash;  they  produce  far  more  thau  all 
the  other  sources  of  England  and  France 
put  together,  and  have  so  reduced  the 
price  that  carbonate  of  potash  is  now 
largely  made  in  England  at  a  price 
which  competes  most  favorably  with  Amer- 
ican pearlash,  and  will  ultimately  drive 
it  out  of  that  market.  Bromide  of  potas- 
sium is  an  instance  of  a  substance  long 
used  in  medicine  before  its  valuable  prop- 
erties were  discovered. 


Inhalation  of  Dust  by  Workmen. — 
The  injurious  effect  of  exposure  to  the 
dust  of  various  manufacturing  establish- 
ments has  not  unfrequently  been  dwelt 
upon  with  more  or  less  force;  but  we  are 
hardly  prepared  for  the  result  of  certain 
specific  investigations  on  this  subject.  It 
has  long  been  a  disputed  point  whether 
the  particles  of  iron,  silica,  etc.,  merely 
lodge  within  the  air-cells  of  the  lungs,  or 
penetrate  through  their  walls  into  the 
tissuo  between  them.  But  Professor  Zen- 
ker informs  us  that,  on  examining  the 
lungs  of  a  woman  who  had  been  exposed 
to  the  dust  of  iron  oxide,  used  in  prepar- 
ing books  of  gold-leaf,  he  found  the  pow- 
der in  the  tissue  between  the  air-cells  and 
in  their  walls,  as  well  as  in  their  cavities. 
From  less  than  two  ounces  of  this  lung 
over  twelve  grains  of  iron  oxide  were  ob- 
tained by  chemical  methods;  so  that,  if 
equally  distributed  through  both  lungs, 
there  must  have  been  at  least  three-quar- 
ters of  an  ounce  inhaled.  In  another 
case — that  of  a  workman  exposed  to  the 
dust  of  a  mixture  used  in  preparing  ultra- 
marine substances — he  found  a  quantity 
estimated  at  fully  an  ounce. — Harper's 
Magazine. 

M.  Devergie,  a  French  chemist,  finds 
that  water  containing  only  one  four  thou- 
sandth of  its  weight  of  carbolic  acid  suf- 
ficed for  the  disinfection  of  the  Morgue  in 
Paris  during  the  hottest  weather,  when  it 
contained  six  or  seven  bodies, 


20 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  13,  1872. 


INING  NUMMARY. 


The  following  Information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  clOBe  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Jackson  Ledger.— San.  6:  The  recent 
storms  do  not  seem  to  have  affected  quartz 
mining  throughout  the  county,  as  we  learn 
all  our  quartz  mills  are  busy  crushing  rock, 
and  the  mines  worked  without  any  inter- 
ruption caused  by  the  storms. 

Good. — Jackson  Dispatch,  Dec.  30:  D. 
M  orley  informs  us  that  his  recently  dis 
covered  claim,  near  Drytown,  still  con- 
tinues to  yield  as  brilliant  prospects  as 
ever — he  being  able  to  get  sometimes  as 
much  as  $8  or  §10  to  the  pan. 
CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

Gwin  Mine, — Calaveras  Chronicle,  Dec. 
30 :  Operations  have  been  resumed  in  the 
upper  mine  at  Lower  Eich  Gulch,  the 
shaft  having  been  freed  from  water  on 
Thursday  last.  Eock  has  constantly  been 
taken  from  Alexander  shaft,  water  not 
proving  an  obstacle. 

"What  Gheeb. — A  very  good  quality  of 
gravel  is  being  taken  from  the  "What 
Cheer  mine.  In  consequence  of  the  storm 
but  a  small  working  force  is  at  present  en- 


Good  Hope. — After  running  a  tunnel 
350  ft.  through  solid  rock  the  owners  have 
"struck  the  lead"  and  paying  quartz  at  the 
same  time.  Scarcely  a  piece  of  rock  can 
be  taken  from  the  lead  that  does  not  carry 
free  gold.  The  ledge  is  about  3%  ft.  wide 
and  has  every  appearance  of  being  a  per- 
manent one.  The  Good  Hope  is  an  ex- 
tension of  the  celebrated  San  Bruno  mine, 
and  there  is  every  reason  for  believing 
that  it  will  prove  equally  as  valuable  as 
the  latter. 

Petticoat. — The  main  shaft  in  the  Pet- 
ticoat mine  at  Eailroad  Plat  has  reached 
the  depth  of  350  ft.  A  fair  quality  of  ore 
has  been  struck,  and  levels  are  to  be  com- 
menced immediately. 

,  Eich  Eock. — Calaveras  Citizen,  Dec.  30: 
We  were  shown  yesterday  about  a  ton  of 
quartz  from  the  claim  of  B.  K.  Thorn, 
about  one  mile  from  town,  which  surpass- 
es in  richness  any  quartz  heretofore  found 
in  this  part  of  the  county.  It  was  taken 
from  a  depth  of  240  from  the  surface,  and 
gold  is  visible  all  through  it.  The  lead 
at  this  depth,  from  hanging  to  foot  wall 
is  12  ft.  wide,  about  4  ft.  of  which  shows 
the  above  kind  of  rock,  which  will  yield  at 
least  $300  per  ton. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

At  Wobk. — Inyo  Independent,  Dec  23: 
"Work  on  the  big  tunnel  from  the  lower 
town  of  Cerro  Gordo,  to  tap  the  Front  at  a 
depth  of  1,000  ft.,  is  being  energetically 
pushed  by  the  projectors,  Messrs.  Brady 
&  Simpson.  Two  years  will  be  required 
to  complete  the  work. 

NEVADA    COUNTY. 

Locations. — Nevada  Transcript,  Jan.  3: 
During  tbe  past  year  178  instruments,  lo- 
cating claims  or  water  rights  for  mining 
purposes,  have  been  entered  upon  the 
books  of  the  County  Eecorder.  The  num- 
ber of  claims  is  not  so  large,  but  the  ex- 
tent of  ground  covered  by  each  Co.,  is 
much  greater  than  formerly. 

The  Hibernia  Co.  in  Grass  Valley  town- 
ship, have  located  1,200  ft.  of  mining 
ground  near  the  tunnel  of  the  Ural  Co. 

Bannee  Mine. — Grass  Valley  Republi- 
can, Jan.  5:  Eich  ore  has  been  discovered 
in  the  south  drift  of  the  fourth  level  of  the 
Banner  mine. 

Daisy.  Hell.— The  storm  has  delayed  the 
owners  of  the  Daisy  Hill  mine  in  getting 
their  pumping  and  hoisting  machinery 
into  operation.  If  the  weather  contiuues 
fair  the  machinery  will  be  in  working  order 
in  four  five  days. 

Beanoh  Mint  Tunnel. — The  owners  of 
the  Branch  Mint  tunnel,  this  side  of  Pitts- 
burg mine,  have  at  last  struck  the  ledge 
in  their  tunnel,  which  is  in  the  hill  or  ridge, a 
distauce  of  700  ft.  The  ledge  is  about  14 
inches  wide,  and  prospects  well.  A  con- 
tract has  been  let  for  taking  out  a  crush- 
ing of  25  or  50  tons  of  rock  for  a  test. 

Items.-  Grass  Valley  Union,  Jan.  4:  The 
mill  at  the  Greenhorn  mine  started  to  work 
on  the  1st  iust.  after  months  of  idleness. 
There  is  plenty  of  rock  on  hand  to  keep  it 
running  while  water  lasts.  The  shaft  of 
the  mine  is  down  227  ft.  and  levels  have 
been  started.  The  ledge  is  from  3  to  5  ft. 
wide  and  shows  well  in  free  gold.  'The 
Schuylkill  mine,  in  Mary's  Eavine  at  the 
foot  of  Hueston  Hill,  has  a  tunnel  in  315 
ft.  to  the  ledge.  The  Co.  have  230  ft.  of 
backs.  The  ledge  averages  a  foot  in  thick- 
ness and    contains   splendid   sulphurets. 


Drifts  are  being  run  both  ways  on  the 
ledge.  The  Co.  has  been  2%  years  run- 
ning their  tunnel.  The  ground  is  very 
hard  some  of  the  work  in  running,  cost  $24 
per  foot.  The  Fill ibnster  Co.,  operating 
in  Gravel  on  the  Washington  Bidge  8 
miles  above  Nevada  city,  has  been  success- 
ful. On  Saturday  before  Christmas  miners 
struck  into  gravel  which  prospects  from 
$2  to  $3  to  the  pan.  The  Co.  has  run  800 
feet. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

La  Pobte.— Quincy  National,,  Dec.  23: 
Kirk,  MeClellan,  Hiland,  and  He'rsom  have 
taken  the  contract  to  run,  the  Bordwell  & 
Co.  tunnel.  It  will  take  2  years  to  finish  the 
contract. 

The  members  of  the  Illinois   G.  M.  Co. 
held  a  meeting  on  the  11th  inst.,  and   or- 
ganized. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — San  Diego  Union,  Deo.  21: 
There  was  shipped  by  W.  F.  &  Co.  on  the 
steamer  California,  bullion  amounting  to 
.-$1,100. 

The  Mines. — The  news  from  the  mines 
in  our  county  continues  to  be  most  en- 
couraging. Nearly  every  lead  is  bring 
worked,  and  many  improving  in  richness 
as  they  go  down.  The  mills  are  steadily 
employed  night  and  day  in  crushing  rock 
and  the  only  trouble  with  the  miners  is 
that  the  facilities  for  taking  out  the  gold 
are  not  sufficiently  extensive.  The  addi- 
tion of  the  new  mill  to  those  already  in 
operation  will  remove  this  trouble  in  a 
measure.  The  work  done  by  the  mills  at 
present  gives  satisfaction  to  the  owners  of 
quartz  ledges,  as  they  are  run  in  good 
style.  The  mills  of  Gunn,  Eeynolds  &  Co. 
and  De  Frees  &  Co.  are  both  engaged  at 
present  on  rock  from  the  Owens  lead. 
They  commenced  crushing  quartz  from 
this  mine  2  weeks  since,  and  both  mills 
have  been  steadily  at  work  night  and  day 
ever  since  on  the  ore.  The  clean  up,  which 
will  take  place  in  a  day  or  two,  will  be  the 
largest  yet  made  in  the  mines.  The  Whit- 
ney &  McMechan  mill  has  been  running  for 
some  days  on  ore  from  the  Golden 
Chariot  mine.  As  the  ore  is  of  the  same 
character  as  that  crushed  some  time  since, 
which  yielded  $153  per  ton,  we  may  expect 
a  large  result  at  the  clean  up. 
SAN  LUIS  OBISPO  COUNTY. 

The  New  Quioksilveb  Mines.— San  Luis 
Obispo  'lYibune,  Dec.  23:  Capital  mines 
have  been  discovered  in  the  new  diggings. 
The  croppings  of  quicksilver  ore  are  very 
extensive,  and  have  been  followed  for  a 
distance  of  5  miles  northwesterly  from  the 
Pine  mountains,  and  southeasterly,  in  the 
direction  of  Santa  Eosa  creek,  a  distance 
of  over  10  miles.  The  most  promising  lo- 
cations are  those  of  the  Pine  Mountain  Co. 
the  Little  Almaden,  the  Garibaldi  and  the 
Occidental.  The  latter  is  considered  one 
of  the  most  promising  locations  in  the  min- 
eral range. 
YUBA     COUNTY; 

Oekgon  Hill — Marysville  Appeal,  Jan. 
4:  The  miners  in  this  section  are  all  at  work 
excepting  those  who  have  creek  claims. 
These  claims  are  lying  idle,  owing  to  the 
water,  which  is  higher  than  it  has  been 
since  the  winter  of  '61  and  '62.  It  is  sup- 
posed that  this  season  will  be  the  best 
for  mining  purposes  of  any  since  the  win- 
ter mentioned. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Lucin. — Elko  Independent,  Jan.  6:  The 
Buel  &  Bateman  furnace  will  start  up 
again  on  Wednesday  next.  The  mines  gen- 
erally, are  looking  well.  Tbe  Iron  Clad, 
No  1,  has  an  incline  down  40  ft.,  showing 
a  ledge  from  7  to  10  ft.  wide,  of  carbonate 
of  lead  ore,  which  assays  50  per  cent,  in 
lead  and  about  $20  per  ton  in  silver.  New 
ledges  are  being  struck  almost  daily,  some 
of  which  present  flattering  prospects. 
About  100  men  are  now  burning  coal  for 
the  smelting  works.  Ore  is  being  shipped 
from  the  dist.  to  Eeno  for  reduction. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

New  Yoke  Canon.— Eureka  Sentinel, 
Jan.  3:  Much  work  is  being  done  in  the 
mines  in  the  neighborhood  of  New  York 
Canon.  The  South  Eureka  M.  Co.  are 
prosecuting  work  on  their  mine  (X.  Y.  Z. ) , 
and  have  more  ore  than  they  can  find  room 
for  on  their  dumps.  J.  Driesbach  is  work- 
ing the  Fourth  of  July  mine  with  gratify- 
ing prospects.  A  splendid  vein  has  been 
disclosed,  which  is  continually  increasing 
in  size  as  depth  is  attained.  The  Golden 
State  has  fine  prospects.  The  main  shaft 
is  down  70  ft.,  and  a  splendid  body  of  ore 
has  already  been  developed. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Pioche  Record,  Deo.  31:  W. 
F.  &  Co.  shipped  since  Dec.  24th,  bullion 
valued  at  $182,041.72,  of  which  amount 
$33,060.23  was  shipped  by  the  Eaymond  & 
Ely. 


Eich  Stkike. — A  rich  strike  is  reported 
to  have  been  made  on  the  divide  between 
Pioche  and  Highland. 

Ouk  Mines. — On  the  Page  &  Panaea, 
work  has  been  commenced  at  the  lower 
level  to  sink  a  shaft  an  additional  100  ft. 
before  drifting  to  the  ledge.  The  shaft  of 
the  Newton  Booth  has  been  sunk  through 
the  ledge,  now  sinking  in  very  hard  quart- 
zite.  The  American  Flag  is  looking  very 
well  and  shipping  the  usual  quantity  of 
ore.-  ThB  Chief  of  the  Hill  is  rapidly  de- 
veloping into  a  first  class  mine.  The  ledge 
improves  in  solidity  and  richness  of  ore  as 
depth  is  attained.  The  Hermese,  Newark, 
Ingomar,  Oneida  and  other  claims  on  the 
Panaea  flat  are  being  worked  steadily  with 
good  prospects.  Every  portion  of  the  Eay- 
mond &  Ely  mine  is  looking  well.  The 
Pioche  is  still  doing  dead  work  and  pros- 
pecting for  ore;  mine  steadily  improving. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Golconda  Dist. — "Unionville  Silvei-  State, 
Jan.  6th:  A  San  F.  Co.  will  commence 
work  on  the  Cumberland  mine  immedi- 
ately. The  Cumberland  ledge  was  one  of 
the  first  locations  made  in  the  dist.,  and  is 
considered  one  the  best  mines  in  the  lo- 
cality. The  ore  is  argentiferous  galena, 
worth  on  an  average  about  $70  per  ton  in 
silver.  A  portion  of  the  ore  contains  suf- 
ficient lead  for  smelting. 

Impeoving. — The  incline  started  some  2 
months  since,  is  down  about  135  ft.  The 
vein  is  full  4  ft.  in  width,  and  continues  to 
improve  in  quality.  The  mine  through- 
out is  yielding  well,  and  in  good  working 
condition. 
REESERIVER. 

Bullion  Shipment  in  1871. — Eeese 
Eiver  Reveille,  Jan'.  3:  "W. F.  &  Co.  shipped 
from  this  city,  during  the  past  year,  1272 
bars  of  bullion,  103,231  lbs.,  valued  at  $1  ,- 
166,707.31.  This  does  not  -include  ship- 
ments by  the  Stage  Co.,  and  by  fast  and 
slow  freight,  which  would  bring  the  total 
shipments  up  to  more  than  two  millions, 
most  of  which  is  the  product  of  the  mines  in 
the  vicinity  of  this  city  and  Belmont. 

~W.  F.  and.Co's.  .Bullion  Shipment  for 
Dec. — "W.  F.  and  Co.  shipped  during  Dec. , 
172  bars  of  bullion,  12,496  lbs.,  of  the 
value  of  $137,561.74. 

Manhattan  Bullion  for  Dec. — The 
Manhattan  Co.,  during  Dec,  turned  out 
and  shipped  from  their  mill  77  bars  of 
bullion,  6,662  lbs.,  and  of  the  value  of 
$87,502.49. 

During  the  9%  months  which  the  Man- 
hattan Mill  was   running  in  the   last  year, 
it  turned  out  834  bars  of  bullion,  valued  at 
$894,465.98. 
WASHOE. 

Bullion. — Virginia  Enterprise,  Jan.    6: 
The  Crown  Point   Co.   yesterday   shipped 
$40,000    in    silver    bars.      "Weight    1,600 
pounds. 
WHITE  PINE. 

East  Sheboygan. — White  Pine  News, 
Dec  30:  Connection  is  made  between  the 
South  Original  tunnel  and  the  North  shaft, 
and  all  the  works  of  the  mine  are  ventila- 
ted. Two  drifts,  one  to  connect  the  Ex- 
change and  Original  drifts,  and  the  other 
turning  East.  There  are  about  1,500  tons 
of  ore  on  the  dumps,  and  the  Manager  es- 
timates that  there  are  24,000  tons  of  ore  in 
sight  in  the  different  openings.  The  last 
crushing-out  of  ore  turned  out  $95  to  the 
ton,  pulp  assay.  A  force  of  24  men  is  em- 
ployed at  present  in  and  about  the  mine, 
and  the  same  number  will  be  employed  du- 
ring the  winter,  breaking  down  ore  and 
hoisting  it  to  the  dumps. 

North  Aurora. — Since  the  tramway 
started  up  with  a  new  cable,  the  ore  that 
accumulated  on  the  dumps  of  the  Eisdale 
chamber  is  being  shipped  to  the  Interna- 
tional mill.  The  ore  in  this  chamber  holds 
out  in  quantity  and  grade.  The  south 
drift  in  the  Lady's  chamber  still  shows  an 
extensive  body  of  ore  (much  of  it  assaying 
high) ,  and  the  body  increases  as  the  cham- 
ber is  opened. 

Ebeehabdt. — Stormy  weather  prevents 
work  in  the  open  cut.  The  drift  from  the 
Keystone  shaft  is   going  ahead  as   usual. 

Truckee.  — This  mine  is  on  Blue  Hill 
There  is  a  cut  running  into  the  hill  100  ft. 
in  length,  showing  ledge  matter  the  whole 
distance.  There  is  a  fair  quality  of  ore 
in  the  face.  It  is  estimated  that  there  are 
100  tons  of  ore  on  the  dumps  that  will  mill 
from  $35  to  $40  per  ton. 

South  Aurora. — The  main  lower  tunnel 
is  pushed  ahead  rapidly  by  contract.  Mr. 
McDonald,  Foreman  of  the  South  Aurora 
Go's,  mines,  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  tun- 
nel will  tap  the  mineral  belt  about  the  1st 
of  April. 

South  Ex.  of  Hidden  Treasure. — The 
ledge  matter  in  main  north  shaft  looks  fa- 
vorable for  the  development  of  a  fine 
mine.  The  drift  from  the  Anchor  tunnel 
is  pushed  ahead  rapidly. 

Iceberg— This  mine  turns  out  over-aver- 


age milling  ore.  At  present  the  ore  is 
hoisted  and  piled  on  the  dumps,  for  ship- 
ment to  mill  when  the  storm  subsides. 
The  whole  underground  force  of  miners 
is  employed  breasting  out. 

San  Juan  Del  Eio.-  The  ore-body  in 
right  has  increased  in  size  since  our  last 
report,  and  bunches  of  rich  ore  come  in 
mixed  with  the  second  class. 

Silver  Wave.— Persons  who  have  vis- 
ited the  mine  report  work  going  ahead  vig- 
orously in  the  Perkins,  Lyford,  Chamber- 
lain and  No.  4  shafts. 

Noonday. — The  bad  condition  of  the 
roads  prevents  shipment  of  ore  to  mill. 
The  ore  is  piled  on  the  dumps.  Hoisting 
about  3%  tons  daily. 

Ward  Beecher. — The  ore  in  the  east 
end  of  the  mine  is  of  a  fair  milling  quality, 
and  holds  out  the  usual  body. 

The  proceeds  of  the  mines  for  the  year 
will  foot  up  nearly  $2,500,000;  and  had  sev- 
eral of  the  prominent  mines — now,  and 
for  the  past  4  months,  doing  dead  work 
for  the  purpose  of  prospecting  and  making 
openings — been  operating  in  ore,  the 
turn-out  of  bullion  would  have  reached 
$3,000,000. 

Outside  Dists.—  Euby  Hill. — The  mill 
of  the  Euby  M.  &  M.  Co.  is  ready  to  start 
up  as  soon  as  quicksilver  arrives,  which  is 
on  the  way.  The  Cow  &  Calf  has  several  tons 
of  ore  on  the  dump,  estimated  to  go  upward 
of  $1,000  per  ton,  ready  for  shipment  to 
this  place,  and  a  lot  of  second  class  which 
will  be  worked  by  the  Euby  mill. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining. — Prescott  Miner, 
Dec  16  :  In  Yavapai  Co.  work  is  progress- 
ing upon  the  Tiger,  Lorena  and  other  lodes, 
in  Tiger  Dist.  From  information  recently 
received,  we  give  it  as  a  fact  that  the  Tiger 
mine,  at  this  time,  shows  better  than  at  any 
previous  time,  which  implies  the  fact  it  is 
richer  and  larger.  At  a  depth  of  100  ft. 
and  at  the  end  of  a  100  ft.  tunnel — driven 
northwards  along  one  face  of  the  lode 
cutting  across  the  vein — has  developed  32 
ft.  of  rich  quartz,  most  of  which  will  pay 
to  ship.  Out  of  the  Lorena,  too,  some 
very  rich  rock  is  being  taken. 

In  Pine  Grove  Dist.  Jackson,  Shoup  & 
Co.,  are  making  things  tell.  They  have 
recently  struck  a  good-sized  vein  of  water, 
and  their  little  mill  is  thumping  away. 

In  Walker  Di6t.  Mr.  Pointer  and  others 
are  taking  out  ore,  and  many  placer  mines 
are  "  rocking."    The  water  is  yet  "  light." 

In  Hassayampa  Dist.  placer  miners  are 
making  fair  wages  with  rockers.  "Work 
upon  the  new  series  of  silver  ledges — Ben- 
jamin, Bismarck,  etc.,  is  being  pushed. 
Col.  Bigelow's  report  is  favorable.  He 
has  3  tons  of  ore  sacked  and  ready  for 
shipment. 

Col.  Cany  appears  to  have  a  "big  thing" 
on  quartz  in  the  Black  Hill  region. 

In  Walnut  Grove  Dist.  some  mining  is 
being  done,  and  it  is  thought  that  Mr. 
Bush's  mill  will  be  set  up  in  the  Dist. 

In  Weaver  Dist.  the  Great  Sexton  and 
one  other  lode  are  being  worked  with 
great  satisfaction. 

In  Wickenburg  Dist.  the  Vulture  Co. 
have  changed  Supts. 

In  Mohave  Co.  Wallapai  Dist.  is  giving 
a  good  account  of  itself. 

In  Yuma  Co.  the  CastleDome  mines  are 
turning  out  well.  Considerable  placer 
mining  is  being  done  at  the  Laguna,  Gila 
city  and  other  points. 

In  Pina  Co.  the  mines  near  Florence  are 
now  the  text  upon  which  miners  preach. 

Maricopa  Co.  has  some  rich  mines  which 
are  being  developed,  rather  slowly,  but 
surely. 

Colorado. 

Shipped. — Georgetown  Miner,  Dec.  14: 
The  Stewarts.  EeducingCo.  have  shipped 
for  the  week  ending  to-day,  bricks  (gold 
and  silver)  valued  at  $3,381. 6S,  also  2  lead 
bars  valued  at  $508.68.  Palmer  &  Nich- 
ols have  shipped  for  the  same  time  1  bar 
729  fine,  valued  at  $964.81,  Campbell  & 
Clark  are  shipping  ore  taken  principally 
from  the  Clark  S.  M.  Co.  in  the  Terrible 
lode.  Gen.  J.  Marshall  is  shipping  very 
rich  smelting  ore  to  Swansea,  Wales.  He 
has  now  a  car  load  of  Equator  ore  in  prep- 
aration for  shipment  to  the  same  place. 
Since  our  last  issue,  Baily  &  Nott  have 
shipped  on  account  of  owners,  only  5 tons 
of  ore.  The  heavy  state  of  the  road  has 
prevented  larger  shipments. 

New  Mill. — N.  B.Judd  &  Co.,  of  Chicago 
and  F.  W.  Crosby,  of  this  place,  Supt. , 
will  commence  the  work,  this  week,  of 
preparing  the  ground  for  the  erection  of 
a  large  mill,  for  the  treatment  of  silver 
ores  at  an  early  day  in  the  spring  of  1872. 
The  site  selected  and  purchased  for  the 
mill  is  just  below  the  devil's  gate.  The 
mill  will  be  built  on  the  most  approved 
plan,  and  will  be  run  by  water  power. 

Caribou.— Caribou  Post,  Dec  23:  The 
weather  is  not  cold,  and  mining  continues 


January  13,  1872.! 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


21 


■wherever  suitable  shaft-houses  are  limit 
over  the  mines.  The  splendid  opening  of 
the  Wabash  lode,  on  Caribou  hill,  about 
1,000  ft.  south  from  the  Caribou  lode,  and 
running  parallel  with  it,  is  most  encourag- 
ing. 

Pillars  of  "ground  "containing  sur- 
face quartz  are  still  being  mined  on  the 
Gregory  lode,  where  it  was  supposed  none 
existed.  Parties  are  at  work  taking  out  o 
"pillar  of  quartz"  about  40  ft.  from  the 
surface,  that  carries  a  crevice  of  pay  ore 
12  or  15  inches  in  width,  that  looks  as  if  it 
would1  yield  a  handsome  return. 

Myers  k  Co.  are  putting  up  an  Arey  fur- 
nace in  the  Bufoid  Li.  M.  Co.'s  mill  at 
Maaonville. 

D.  Hodgson,  who  is  working  a  coal  mine 
near  Saint  Yrain  post  office,  35  miles  down 
tin'  Platte,  is  taking  out  from  15  to  20  tons 
of  coal  per  day.  The  vein  furnishes  about 
5  ft.  in  thickness  of  good  clear  coal. 

Xk-huls  A  Co.  aro  making  active  prepar- 
ations for  work  on  the  0.  P.  K.  lode. 

Pbospbotb  of  1872. — Central  Herald, 
Dec.  27  :  Among  the  new  works  ready  for 
oree  and  those  that  will  be  completed  early 
next  spring,  are  Breed  &  Cutter's  at  Middle 
Boulder,  capacity  at  least  20  tons  daily; 
the  Boston  As.  Works  at  St.  Johns,  Sum- 
mit Co.,  capacity  25  tonsormore;  St.  Law- 
rence Works  at  Montezuma,  Summit  Co., 
20  tons  daily  ;  Prof.  On  Bois'  Smelting 
Furnace  and  Chlorination  Works,  Buck- 
skin, Park  Co.,  capacity  not  known  to  us  ; 
Works  in  Ward  Dist.,  Boulder  Co.,  capac- 
ity not  known  to  us  ;  and  Baker  Mill  at 
Bakerville,  Clear  Creek  Co.,  capacity 
about  20  tons  daily.  Among  the  projected 
works  whose  construction  next  summer 
seems  quite  certain,  are  the  Miner's  Smelt- 
ing and  Reducing  Works,  to  be  located  in 
Gilpin  or  one  of  tho  adjoiuing  counties  ; 
Smelting  Works  of  large  capacity  at  or 
near  Georgetown,  in  Clear  Creek  Co.; 
Smelting  Works  at  or  near  Fair  Play, 
Park  Co.;  Mill  and  Furnace  in  Lake  Co. , 
near  Oro  City  ;  and  Smelting  Works  near 
the  San  Juan  silver  mines  in  Conejos  Co. 
In  addition  to  these  stamps,  mills  will  be 
erected  at  different  points  in  the  gold  dists. 
and  some  old  works  which  have  been  sil- 
ent for  years,  again  be  put  in  operation. 

A  considerable  quantity  of  rich  ore  is 
being  milled  from  the  Gunnel  lode,  on 
which  8  claims  are  worked.  The  Church 
Bros,  have  recently  put  in  one  of  Clark's 
patent  furnaces  at  the  Gunnel  Central  Co.'s 
claim,  which  they  are  working  under 
lease. 

The  heaviest  gold  producing  lodes  in 
Gilpin  Co.  at  present  are  the  Kansas,  Kent 
Co.,  Leavitt  or  Kip,  and  California  lodes. 
The  Illinois,  Prize,  Sudeburg,  Fiske,  Ash- 
tabula and  many  other  mines  are  also  being 
more  or  less  extensively  worked.  The  i 
first  mentioned  lodes  keep  over  200  stamps 
in  motion,  of  which  the  Kansas  employs 
nearly  100. 

The  various  stamp  mills  of  Black  Hawk 
aud  Nevada  are  well  supplied  with  ore  and 
with  an  abundance  of  water.  Fourteen  or 
fifteen  mills  are  in  operation  in  Black 
Hawk  and  6  in  Nevada  and  Eureka  Gulch. 
Nichols  &  Fisher  started  up  the  Cons. 
Gregory  on  Tuesday  on  Kent  Co.  ore. 

A.  N.  PvOqers  is  pushing  work  vigor- 
ously at  the  Black  Hawk  tnnnel,  below 
Gregory  Point.  Nine  men  are  employed 
under  ground,  2  outside,  and  1  at  the 
blacksmith  shop.  Work  has  progressed 
during  the  past  3  weeks  at  the  rate  of  11 
ft.  per  week,  and  the  head  of  the  tunnel  is 
now  485  ft. ,  being  very  near  the  line  of  the 
Fisk  lode. 

J.  Smith  has  been  busily  engaged  for 
many  weeks  in  enlarging  and  timbering 
the  shaft  of  the  Coleman  mine  on  the  Gun- 
nell  lode,  which,  previous  to  this  Fall  had 
been  idle  for  many  years.  At  great  labor 
and  considerable  expense  the  mine  has 
been  put  in  first  class  working  order,  and 
sinking  and  drifting  will  be  resumed  next 
week.  The  ore  is  unusually  rich  and  the 
crevice  of  fair  proportions.  The  shaft  is 
65  ft.  deep. 

Geanb  Island. — The  Caribou  mine  is 
being  worked  energetically  and  is  produ- 
cing large  quantities  of  silver  ore.  At  the 
bottom  of  the  main  shaft,  235  ft.  below 
the  surface,  the  body  of  ore  is  8  ft.  in 
width.  Four  levels  are  being  worked, 
and  the  greatest  length  of  the  mine  now 
opened  extends  350  ft.  from  east  to  west. 
Gn  the  east  side,  the  upper  drift  has  been 
stoped  out  to  within  12  ft.  of  the  surface. 
One  hundred  and  thirty  ft.  is  another 
shaft,  over  which  a  whim  house  is  being 
built.  Ore  from  the  west  shaft  is  raised 
by  a  windlass.  These  shafts  are  now  all 
connected  beneath  the  surface  by  a  level. 
Sixty  men  are  employed  in  the  mine, 
which  force  will  soon  be  largely  increased. 
Mr.  Breed  expects  to  have  the  mine 
opened  within  the  next  month,  so  that  25 
tons   of    first  class,    and  a   much   larger 


quantity  of  second  olass  quartz  can  be 
raised  per  day. 

The  reduction  works  at  Middle  Boulder 
were  to  have  commenced  operations  to-day 
with  E.  Sherman  as  Supt.  and  E.  E.  Peters 
as  assayer  and  refiner.  Eight  men  will  be 
required  to  run  the  mill  and  as  many  more 
will  be  employed  outside  in  connection 
with  the  establishment. 

Among  tho  lodes  worked  near  Caribou 
are  the  Elephant,  Eureka,  Grand  View  (  re- 
ported sold  to  St.  Louif  parties),  the 
Seven-Thirty,  Boulder  Co.  and  Trojan. 

Tho  late  new  discoveries  in  Peewink 
Dist.  0  miles  northeast  of  Middle  Boulder, 
are  exciting  much  interest;  among  them  is 
one  which  displays  a  3  ft.  crevice  showing 
much  silver  glance. 

At  Middle  Boulder  Hinds  &  Hetzer's  10 
stamp  mill  is  running  steadily  on  Trojan 
and  Boulder  Co.  (gold)  ores.  Claims  on 
the  latter  are  worked  by  Congdon,  Morgan 
and  others,  from  which  the  selected  ore 
yields  about  9}£  ozs  under  the  stamps-the 
gold  selling  in  Central  at  §17  per  oz.  The 
Trojan  quartz,  at  the  same  mill,  as  it 
comes  from  the  mine,  without  assorting, 
runs  from  7  to  14  ozs. 

J.  MriiiiEK  is  working  tho  Kip  or  Leavitt 
lode.  It  produced  126  tons  of  ore  in  Nov. 
from  which  over  800  ozs.  of  gold  were  ob- 
tained from  the  stamps,  or  considerably 
over  813,000  product  of  the  month.  Dur- 
ing that  time  18  men  were  employed  in 
the  mine  and  about  50  stamps  in  crushing 
the  ore. 

The  only  claim  worked  on  the  Gregory 
Second  lode  at  the  present  time  is  Cave  & 
Mellor's.  They  are  sinking  and  drifting 
ata  depth  of  265  ft.  though  out  of  pay  at 
present. 

B.  P.  Haman  has  struck  a  lode  near  by 
his  house  in  Russell  dist.  which  yields  8 
ozs.  of  gold  to  the  cord. 

Sullivan  &  Wheeler's  claim  on  the 
Kansas  lode  enables  them  to  keep  40 
stamps  at  the  New  York  mill  in  constant 
motion. 

Idaho. 

South  Mt.  Assays. — Silver  City  Ava- 
lanche, Deo.  30:  Mr.  Deniston  furnishes 
us  with  the  following  assays  of  St.  Croix 
ore;  Surface  ore,  $53.39  in  silver;  decom- 
posed ore,  5  ft.  from  surface,  $186.80;  ore 
from  shaft,  16  ft.  deep,  $356.43.  The  vein 
is  well  defined  and  10  ft.  wide. 

The  recent  strike  in  the  7th  level  of  the 
Elmore  is  proving  rich  beyond  all  expec- 
tations. 

Bullion  City. — Cor.  same:  Work  in 
the  mines  has  almost  been  suspended  on 
account  of  the  recent  bad  weather.  B. 
Cook  is  still  at  work  on  the  Bay  State, 
which  looks  splendidly.  Wm.  Hastings 
has  commenced  work  on  the  May  Queen 
which  opens  out  well. 

Montana. 

Philipseurq. — Deer  Lodge  New  North 
West,  Dec.  23:  Everybody  is  at  work  in  and 
around  Philipsburg.  Col.  Morse  says  of 
the  90  men  in  camp,  none  are  idle.  Brown 
&  Plaisted  are  developing  the  Cordova, 
the  first  lead  discovered  in  Flint  Dist., 
and  getting  out  very  rich  ore.  They  are 
also  at  work  on  Comanche  extension. 
Other  leads  are  being  developed,  and  there 
are  several  hundred  tons  of  custom  rook 
out.  Col.  J.  J.  Lyon  is  making  a  success 
of  his  enterprise.  The  mill  will  start  up 
in  Jan. 

Cable. — S.  Cameron  brought  in  from 
Cable,  on  Thursday,  264  ozs.  of  gold  bul- 
lion— value,  $4,884 — crushed  from  125  tons 
of  Cable  ledge  ore,  in  a  5  or  6  days  run 
finished  on  Tuesday.  Mr.  Cameron  has 
been  prosecuting  work  vigorously  on  the 
ledge,  aud  has  10  ft.  of  very  rich  rock  in 
the  shaft  at  231  ft.  In  the  incline  on  the 
south  wall  he  has  plenty  of  quartz  but  not 
very  rich.  He  has  a  drift  now  in  from  the 
shaft  190  ft.,  and  believes  he  is  within  15 
or  20  ft.  of  the  ore.  Twenty  men  are  work- 
ing in  the  mine,  and  there  are  about  50, 
all  told,  in  the  Camp. 

Cedar  Creek. — Missoula  Pioneer,  Dec 
23:  The  prospects  for  the  coming  season 
are  very  flattering.  There  are  about  300 
miners  wintering  there  engaged  in  drifting 
and  preparing  their  claims  for  a  vigorous 
mining  campaign  next  season.  A  new  dis- 
covery was  made  on  a  bar  above  Forest 
City,  late  in  the  fall,  which  promises  to  be 
very  rich,  although  the  extent  has  not  yet 
been  ascertained.  Mr.  Roosevelt  reports 
having  made  an  important  discovery  while 
en  route  from  Cedar  to  this  place. 

Utah. 

Or-HTR.— Cor.  S.  L.  Tribune,  Dec.  27:  I 
visited  the  Mayflower  tunnel,  the  loca- 
tion of  which  'is  some  250  ft.  below  the 
Silver  Exchange  and  Sunny  Side  mines. 
The  object  of  this  tnnnel  is  to  prospect 
for  "blind"  leads  that  may  be  lying  be- 
tween the  starting  point  of  the  tunnel   and 


the  top  of  Lion  Hill.  In  its  course  the 
Sunny  Side,  Silver  Exchange,  Mountain 
Lion  and  Defiance  mines  will  be  tapped. 
Two  men  have  in  4  months'  time  driven 
the  Mayflower  tunnel  through  solid  lime- 
stone rock  for  a  distanofl  of  120  ft..  The 
proprietors  calculate  that  about  125  ft. 
further  will  bring  them  to  the  first  of 
above  named  mines;  but  from  indications 
existing  in  the  face  of  the  tunnel,  it  is  be- 
lieved that  a  deposit  of  ore  is  in  the  imme- 
diate neighboorhood. 

Camp  Floyk.  —  Cor.  S.  L.  R,-riew,  Doc. 
23:  The  Silver  Cloud  Co.  are  employing  a 
large  force  and  are  taking  out  a  steadv 
supply  of  fine  ore.  They  find  it  better  the 
further  they  go.  All  the  mines  on  the  Sil- 
ver Hill  side  of  the  canon  provo  to  be  of 
immense  extent  and  richness  the  further 
they  are  developed. 

The  Camp  Floyd  M.  Co.  have  struck 
largo  bodies  of  horn  silver  on  the  Last 
Chance  and  Sparrow  Hawk.  I  should  es- 
timate the  ore  in  sight  at  the  mouth  of  the 
tunnel  on  the  last  named  mine  to  be  worth 
at  least  $20,000  without  entering  the  tun- 
nel or  counting  the  ore  piled  on  the  dump. 
The  Last  Chance  shows  plenty  of  horn  sil- 
ver and  sulphurets  in  almost  every  piece 
of  their  quartz.  These  mines  have  been 
opened  recently  by  3  new  tunnels,  and  all 
show  the  most  unmistakable  signs  of  pay- 
ing ore  within.  The  peculiar  formation  of 
this  vast  vein  or  deposit  of  ore  presents 
the  most  favorable  opportunities  for  work- 
ing by  tunnels.  So  far  as  has  been  proved, 
the  vein  has  a  dip  of  only  about  18  or  20 
degrees  towards  the  north,  with  a  slight 
dip  to  the  east,  so  that  a  tunnel  run  in  a 
northwesterly  direction  will  have  an  al- 
most level  course,  from  which  side  entries 
can  be  run  north  and  south. 

The  Queen  of  the  West  after  lying  idle 
for  several  weeks,  opens  up  again  on  Mon- 
day next,  and  will  run  continually  the  rest 
of  the  winter,  purposing  I  believe,  to  have 
a  large  quautity  of  ore  ready  for  spring- 
crushing. 

Fine  Bullion. — W.  F.  &  Co.  received  on 
the  2d,  from  the  Raymond  &  Ely  works, 
1 1  bars  of  bullion  worth  $33,060,23.  Yes- 
terday the  same  house  received  from  the 
Meadow  Valley  works,  5  bars  worth  $5,845,- 
83,  all  of  which  has  been  shipped  to  New 
York. 

Timmtns  Dist. — A  large  number  of  the 
mines  are  being  worked  with  good  results, 
though  no  great  depth  has  yet  been  at- 
tained. The  principal  ones,  are  the  Mam- 
moth, 28  ft.  down,  the  Sultana,  40  ft.,  the 
Mountain  Queen  and  the  French,  20  ft., 
Olive  Branch,  25  ft.,  Great  Western  25. 
Besides  these  there  are  a  great  many 
claims  upon  which  sufficient  work  has 
been  done  to  hold  them.  The 'prospect 
is  that  labor  will  be  continued  on  most  of 
the  mines  mentioned,  through  the  winter. 
Timmins,  Dist.  is  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Nebo, 
5  miles  from  the  town  of  Nephi,  Juab  Co. 
70  miles  from  S.  L.  City. 

In:  the  Vermillion  mine  the  ore  is  chlo- 
ride and  galena.  The  mine  is  bonded  for 
a  large  sum,  consequently  there  is  no 
work  [being!  done  on  it  now. 


Sari  Francisco  Mining  Stock  Market. 

Tkdesday  Eve.,  Jan.  11,  1872. 

The  mining  stock  market  has  been  moder- 
ately active  this  week.  The  sales  at  the 
Stock  Board  for  the  week  ending  "Wednesday, 
Jan.  3d,  amounted  to  $2,702,800.  On  Decem- 
ber account  $117,200  have  been  received  from 
the  Raymond  &  Ely  mine.  During  the  past 
year  this  mine  has  turned  out  $1,361,600  in 
bullion,  of  which  $615,000  have  been  disbursed 
as  dividends.  The  Belcher  and  Crown  Point 
Co.'s  have  again  begun  to  declare  dividends 
as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  our  Sharehold- 
ers' Directory.  The  assessments  of  the  Em- 
pire Mill  and  Imperial  companies  will  amount 
to  $12,000  and  $40,000  respectively. 

The  receipts  from  the  North  Star  (Grass 
Valley)  mine  for  December  were  $19,850  which, 
after  deducting  the  amount  drawn  for  expenses 
left  enough  to  declare  a  $3  dividend,  aggregat- 
ing $9,000.  The  dividend  of  the  Belcher  of 
$10  per  share  will  amount  to  $104,000  and  is 
the  first  one  ever  declared  by  the  company,  al- 
though the  mine  has  been  worked,  for  years. 
On  the  5th  of  October,  1870,  the  mine  was 
worth,  according  to  the  value  of  the  stock  ($1 
per  share)  $10,400,  but  on  the  2d  inst.,  accord- 
ing to  the  same  basis  ($490  per  share)  it  was 
valued  at  $5,096,000. 

The  receipts  for  December  from  the  Savage 
mine  we're  $56,131.  At  the  annual  election  of 
the  San  Francisco  Stock  and  Exchange  Board 
on  Monday,  the  following  officers  were  elected 
to  serve  the  ensuing  year: — President,  E.  P. 
Peckham;   Vice-President,  Geo.    VF.    Smiley; 


Caller,  B.  H.  Coit  (re-elected);  Secretary, 
Franklin  Lawton(re-elected) ;  Treasurer,  Henry 
Schmieden  (re-elected). 


Comparative  Prices—Extremes 

Decline 

-S.  F 

.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

ran,  ■!. 

17.  r.    •.    / 

An.  II 

i- 

175 

i'i 
85 

10 
45* 

Belcher. ...  ... 

Bvii-krve. 

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27 
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W  . 

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Golden  Obrirtot, 

109 

131 

1(17 

120 

ii 

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«!« 

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21 

hk 

XorcroBi 

149 

1  ,', 

115 

IJs 

imperial  ...    .. 

■  42 

SIX 

4H 

51 

1 

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19 

18 

15 

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Savage        . .  ... 

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st.  Patrick    .... 

46 

46 

See.  Belcher... 

48 

at 

32 

37 

— 

11 

Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 

Din.  ASKED. I 

lis 
51 

.230 

Sill 

Iin|i 

rail 

50 

4V> 
S8 

je-i 

38^ 

Kentuek . . 

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I'.ii'j 

Crown  Point.  . . . 

460 

1711 

Oph 

411 

Oriif.  Hid. 

frens 

«7» 
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EurekA  Cons.  .. 

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24 

T". 

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HI 

52 

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W4 

m 

Raymond  *  Ely 

96 

97 

Gould  A  Curry. 

117 

118 

Halo  &  NoEcBoaa 

144 

115      Yell 

JivJiH 

ket.. 

61 

Wi 

Mining  Shareholders'  Directory — Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scien- 
tific Press  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.) 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  ASSESSMENT  DELINQUENT.      OF  SALE. 

Alhambra  Hill  M.  Co.,  Ncv.,  Dec.  9,  50c.Jan.  13— Fib.  5* 
Buckeye  G.  k  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9,  $L.  .Feb.  13.  Mar  4 
Cherokee  Flat,  Butte  Co..  Jan.  3,  $2.50. -.Feb.  G    Feb.  23 

Daney,  Lyon  Co.,  Nev.,  Nov.  27,  $1 Dec.  30- Jan.  18 

Eagle  Quicksilver,  Cal.,  Oct.  30,  §40 Jan  G— Jan.  s* 

El  Dorado  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Dec.  7,  25c Jan.  24— Feb.  14 

Ely  Consolidated,  Nev.,  Nov.  27,  50c Jan.  8— Jan.  30 

Empire  M.  &  j\t.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  5.  $10. .  .Feb.  3— Eeb.  2fi 

Golden  Chariot,  Idaho,  Nov.  15,  $3 Dec.  23— Jan.  15 

Genera]  Leo  S.  M.  Co.,  W.  P,  Dec.  5,  lOc.Jan.  10— Jan.  30 

Hale  &  Norci'oBS,  Nev. ,  Dec.  14,  $5 Jan'.  18  -  Feb.  7 

Ida  Ellmore,  Idaho.  Dec.  30  $3.00 Jan.  31— March  4 

Imperial  S.  M,  Co.,  Nev  ,  Jan.  5,  $10 Eeb.  8,  Feb,  26 

Jackson  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Dee.  8,  25c.... Jan.  10— .Tun,  29 

KiucaidFlat  M.  Co.,  Dec.  11$2.50 Jan.  17— Feb,  7* 

Knickerbocker  M.  Co.,  Storey  Co.,  N.,Dec.4-50e  Jan  7,  26 

Lemon,  Nev.,  Jan.  6,  50c Feb,  10— March  2 

Lillian  HallM.Co.,Ely  Dist., Nov. 18,  50c.,Dec.27,Jan.  23 
Magnolia,  Eureka  Dist.,  Nov. 27,  25c,... Dec.  29— Jan.  19 

Mammoth,  White  Pine,  Dec.  13, 10c Jan.  18— Feb.  8 

Meadow  Valley,  Ely  Dist.,  Nov.  27,  50c... Jan.  9-Jan.  31 

Monitor  &  Magnet,  N.  T.  Dec.  4,  25c Jan.  23 — Feb.  17 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan  a,  25c. Fe  5—  Fe  22* 
Nevada  Con.  Borax  Co.,  Nov,  29,  5  cts..  Jan.  10 — Jan.  29* 
Nevada  L.  and  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9.  4c. Feb.  13— Mar.  4* 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  20,  $2 Jan.  24— Feb,  14 

Orig.  Hid.  Treasure,  "\V.  P.,  Nov.  24,  $1.50.  Jan  3— Jan  25 

Overman,  Nev.,  Nov.  20,  $4 Dec.  25— Jan.  23 

Overman,  Nev.,  Nov.  25,  $2 Dec.  29— Jan.  16 

Phoenix,  Lander  Co.,  Nev.,  Nov.  21,  50c.  Dec.  27,-Jan.  16 
Pioche  W.  Ex,  Ely  Dist.,  Nov.  23,  $1.50.  .Jan.  4— Jan.  27 
Pioche  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  18,  $1.60. .  .Jan.  25— Feb.  16 
Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Nov.  29,  $5. .Jan.  6 — Jan.  30* 
Quail  Hill  M.  and  W.  Co.,  Dec.  19,  $5. .Jan.  23— Feb.  13* 
Silver  Wave,  White  Pine,  Dec.  19,  $3.  .Jan.  25— Feb.  23* 
Spring  Mount  Co.,  Ely  Dist,  Nov.  27,  50c. Jan.  7 — Jan.  29 
South  ChariotM.Co.OwyheeCo,Id.,Nuv.7,Sl  Dec.l8,Jan.8 
Succor,  M.  M.  Co.,  G.  H.,  Jan.  3,  $1.50.  ..Feb  6  -  Feb.  27 

Tecumseh  G.  S.  &  C.  Co.,  Dec.  5,  $3 Jan.  9— Jan.  30* 

Tallulaa  M.Co.,  Humboldt  Co.  Nev.,No\  29-$l,Jan  3,  30 
Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  4.  $1,00.. ..  .Feb.  5— Feb.  26* 
Washington  &  Creole,  Nev,  Nov.  27,50c. .  .Jan.  5 — Feb.  1 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Amador  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  15 

El  Dorado  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  23 

Ely  Consolidated Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  24 

Gold  Hill  Quartz  M.  &  M.  Co..  .Annual  Meeting  Jan.  15 

Knickerbocker  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  19 

Marble  Falls  M.  Co ....Annual  Meeting,  Jan,  22 

Meadow  Valley,  East  Ex.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  26 

Pioche,  West  Extension  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  23 

Raymond  &  Ely Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  16 

Spring  Mount  M.  Co. . .  < Annual  Meeting,  Jan,  22 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $10 Jan.  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1. Payable  Deo.  11 

Chollar  Potosi,  Si Payable  Jan.  10 

Crown 'Point,  $10 Payable  Jan.  12 

Eureka  Cons.,  $1 Payable  Oct.  20 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  6 

Meadow  Valley,  $1.50 Payable  Dec.  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Jan.  10 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  Dec.  18 

Succor  Mill  and  M.  Co.,  60c Payable  Oct.  16 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  Dec.  5 

.'Advertised  in  this  journal. 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  St.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  January  11. 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  Bunply, 
and  nrices  atill  continue  Arm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,^  ft 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather.  ■$>  3) 26@29 

Country  Leather,  ^  ft 25@28 

The  market  ib  well  supplied  with  Frenoh  stocks,  and 
prices  have  a  downward  tendency.  Heavy  California  skins 
are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8Kil.,  perdoz SBO  0Q@ 

Jodot,  11  tol9Kil.,perdoz 76  OOlSj  95  00 

Jodot,  second  choice.  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz. 60  00(g)  80  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  19  Kil-.^doz  95  00@ 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil„  perdoz 68  00@  70  00 

C'ornetlian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 72  (I0!& 

Cornellian,  12  to  1-1  Kil.,  perdoz ...  65  00M  70  00 

OgerauCalf,  f  doz 54  00® 

Simon,  18  Kil.,%  doz   65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  ft  doz...: 1  68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  9  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00©  40  00 

French  Kips.  *  ft  1  -f  0©    I  30 

California  Kip,  il  doz  65  00  to  80  00 

(■'n  nehSh''ep.  ;ill  colors,^  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  ft  lb 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ft  doz 8  00@  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,  ft  doz 5  SO®  10  .50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75@    5  50 

licst  .To.int  I  'a'f  Bunt  U--s.    f'  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 4  50@    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,ft  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ft  ft 30®    37.M 

Fair  Bridlo  Leather,  ft  doz 48  00@  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ft  ft 34®    37W 

Welt  Leather,  ft  doz 30  00(3)  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot 17@       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ft  foot 18®      20 


22 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS^. 


[January  13,  1872. 


Our  Mining  Prospects. 

The  prospects  throughout  our  mining 
regions  are  the  brightest  that  have  been 
seen  since  1864,  and  the  constantly  increas- 
ing confidence  in  mining  operations  is 
due  to  the  continued  yield  of  paying  prop- 
erties, new  discoveries,  and  improved  facil- 
ities for  extracting  and  working  ores.  In 
Washoe,  the  lowest  grade  ores  are  now 
made  to  pay,  and  in  California,  gold  quartz 
veins,  whose  gross  yield  is  not  more  than 
from  $6  to  $8  per  ton,  are  worked  to  great 
profit.  An  article  on  the  mining  review  of 
the  year  in  the  Bulletin  says  that  the  past 
year,  although  it  has  not  been  distin- 
guished for  a  large  production  of  the  pre- 
cious metals  on  this  coast,  has,  neverthe- 
less, been  generally  propitious  to  the 
mining  interest;  many  improvements  hav- 
ing been  introduced  into  the  business  and 
many  substantial  gains  effected,  while  cap- 
ital has  come  to  its  aid  more  freely  than 
ever  before.  The  amount  of  money  in- 
vested on  account  of  legitimate  mining 
has  greatly  exceeded  that  of  any  former 
year;  these  investments  having  been  made 
as  a  general  tiling,  with  such  circumspec- 
tion and  judgment  as  must  insure  for  them 
favorable  results.  To  the  drouth  that 
has  prevailed,  for  two  successive  years, 
having  been  especially  stringent  during 
that  justclosed,  is  due  this  restricted  yield 
of  the  precious  metals;  it  having  been  so 
severe  as  to  seriously  interfere  with  both 
vein  and  placer  mining.  Owing  to  this 
cause  many  ore  crushing  mills  dependent 
on  water  power  for  propulsion  and  even  a 
considerable  number  driven  by  steam  were 
obliged  to  remain  idle  both  in  this  and 
the  adjoining  State  of  Nevada,  thereby 
greatly  curtailing  the  product  of  both  our 
gold  and  silver  bullion. 

New  Improvements. 
Invention  has  been  rife  during  the  year, 
our  mill-men  and  miners  giving  hearty  en- 
couragement to  every  process  or  device 
promising  to  secure  a  saving  of  labor  or 
more  efficient  mode  of  amalgamation.  As 
a  consequence,  a  great  many  economizing 
agents  and  a  more  potent  metallurgy  has 
been  generally  introduced,  this  spirit  of 
innovation  having  extended  to  every  line 
of  improvement  and  pervaded  every  branch 
of  this  industry. 

We  have  had  improved  screens,  stamps 
and  batteries,  mill-gearing,  pumps  and 
nozzles;  patent  drilling  machines, furnaces 
and  amalgamators,  concentrators  f or  saving 
the  sulphurets,  aud  new  methods  for  their 
chloriuation,  with  tramways  for  the  cheap 
and  speedy  transmission  of  ore  from  the 
mines  to  the  mills,  and  a  great  variety  of 
other  inventions  for  expediting  operations 
and  saving  the  metals. 

Nor  in  this  eagerness  for  securing  larger 
pecuniary  gains  have  higher  considera- 
tions been  lost  sight  of,  more  efficient 
plans  have  been  adopted  for  the  ventila- 
tion of  the  mines,  valuable  additions  have 
been  made  to  the  safety  cage,  and  a 
means-  discovered  for  laying  the  nitrous 
fumes  of  Giant  powder  and  similar  explo- 
sives with  numerous  other  beneficent 
schemes  and  agents  calledin,  or  suggested, 
for  insuring  the  health,  life  and  limb  of 
those  employed  in  underground  opera- 
tions, in  all  which  we  perceive  that  our 
mining  population  has  been  undergoing  a 
valuable  schooling  of  late,  tending  to 
qualify  them  for  an  enlightened  and  suc- 
cessful prosecution  of  this  great  industry 
which  has  been  advanced  meantime  to  a 
much  higher  plane  than  it  occupied  but  a 
little  while  ago. 

Future  Product  of  Bullion. 
With  all  these  aids  and  improvements 
these  reforms  effected,  with  so  much  auri- 
ferous earth  and  milling  ore  accumulated, 
and  more  than  all,  with  the  present  pros- 
pect of  an  abundant  water  supply,  we  mav 
safely  count  upon  an  immense  produc- 
tion of  bullion  for  the  coming  year.  Indeed 
it  is  quite  likely  that  the  out-turn  of  the 
precious  metals,  including  the  entire  scope 
of  country  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  will 
greatly  surpass  that  of  any  preceding  year. 
In  California  we  shall  have  as  new  contribu- 
tors towards  such  results  a  number  of  large 
hydraulic  claims  with  much  drift  ground, 
latety  opened  and  fitted  up  for  operations; 
also  in  this  State,  several  additional  ce- 
ment mills,  many  new  and  enlarged  quartz 
mills,  with  similar  establishments,  besides 
numerous  more  efficient  roasting  furnaces 
and  new  smelting  works  throughout  the 
entire  mining  regions.  We  shall  have  the 
capacious  ditches  and  reservoirs,  the  im- 
proved processes,  the  aid  of  capital  aud  all 
the  minor  agents  and  applianeess  before 
mentioned  for  active  allies,  making  sure  of 


a  large  and  constantly  increasing  product 
of  bullion  hereafter.  With  the  advent  of 
the  current  year  we  shall  enter  upon  a 
new  and  better  era  in  onr  mining  history, 
the  first  fruits  of  which  we  are  already 
beginning  to  reap. 

Utilizing  the  Low  Grade   Material. 

Some  idea  may  be  gained  of  the  im- 
provements lately  effected  in  mining  on 
this  coast  from  the  fact  that  we  are  now 
everywhere  reducing  with  profit  a  class  of 
ores  that  would  not  a  few  years  ago  have 
yielded  enough  to  pay  the  cost  of  their  ex- 
traction. In  the  Washoe  district  thou- 
sands of  tons  of  such  ores  are  being  milled 
annually  with  satisfactory  results,  not- 
withstanding the  greater  depths  from 
which  they  have  now  to  be  lifted;  while 
the  working  of  the  tailings  there,  that 
were  before  suffered  to  run  to  waste,  con- 
stitutes at  present  a  large  and  lucrative 
branch  of  business;  extensive  mills  hav- 
ing been  built  and  other  costly  prepara- 
tions made  for  that  purpose. 

In  California  large  fortunes  are  being 
realized  by  the  reduction  of  gold  bearing 
qi.artz  that  affords  not  more  than  $8  or  $10 


our  dead  rivers,  table  mountains  and  deep 
gravel  beds,  as  well  as  in  our  recently-dis- 
covered seam  diggings,  we  meet  with  geo- 
logical wonders  and  strange  modes  of  de- 
posits, not  common,  nor,  perhaps,  at  all 
encountered  elsewhere  in  the  world. 
A  Cheerful  Outlook. 
In  conclusion  we  may,  after  having  thus 
briefly  surveyed  the  field,  repeat  the  re 
mark  made  at  the  outset,  that  the  past 
has  been  a  generally  auspicious  year  for 
the  mining  interest;  adding  that  the  out- 
look was  never  more  cheerful  than  now,  at 
its  close.  Purged  of  its  mistakes,  and 
with  confidence  restored,  the  future  of 
this  industry  is  full  of  encouragement. 
Ytith  capital  ready  to  aid  legitimate  enter- 
prise, and  a  practical  education  guaran- 
teeing for  it  safe  and  profitable  employ- 
ment, we  may  safely  count  on  more  favor- 
able results  than  have  heretofore  generally 
attended  this  business.  What  is  learned 
in  the  school  of  adverse  experience  is  apt 
to  be  learned  well — no  lessons  being  'so 
fraught  with  wisdom  as  those  of  personal 
trial.  We  are  now  building  a  superstruc- 
ture on  the  bed-rock— rearing  up  a  gener- 


PERSPECTIVE     VIEW    OF     A     CHEESE     DAIRY. 


to  the  ton;  and  even  much  money  made  in 
milling  rock,  where  all  the  conditions  are 
favorable,  that  gives  a  gross  average  re- 
turn not  exceeding  $6  or  $8  to  the  ton. 
With  the  powerful  nozzles,  improved  un- 
der-currents,  riffles  and  other  appliances 
now  in  use,  auriferous  gravel  can  be 
washed  that  yields  only  five  cents  to  the 
cubic  yard;  and  although  it  is  difficult  to 
see  how  much  more  can  be  accomplished 
in  that  direction,  it  is  probable  that  as  in 


ation  of  miners  practically  trained  to  the 
business,  and  who,  being  familiar  with  all 
its  mysteries  and  requirements,  will  be 
fitted  to  respond  to  them  in  an  intelligent 
and  capable  manner. 

Dairying  in  California. 

Since  no  State  in  the  Union,  perhaps, 
contains  a  larger  area  of  land  suitable  for 
dairying,   and   certainly   none  where   the 


IllllllllllnlJ 

0      o 


GROUND     PLAN. 


the  past,  so  every  coming  year  will  bring 
with  it  something  gained  in  the  efficiency 
and  economy  of  this  class  of  operations, 
thereby  giving  corresponding  enlargement 
to  the  area  of  our  available  mines  and 
finally  carrying  this  industry  into  fields  now 
considered  hopeless,  or  perhaps  wholly 
unknown. 

Already  we  are  in  advance  of  all  other 
gold  and  silver-bearing  countries,  both  as 
regards  perfection  of  machinery,  efficiency 
of  processes,  and  novelty  of  invention. 
Our  ore  crushing  apparatus  and  amalga- 
mating pans  have  not  been  surpassed  else- 
where; our  safety  cages  are  an  improve- 
ment over  all  others;  the  employment  of 
immense  powder  blasts  for  shattering  and 
breaking  down  masses  of  earth,  seem  to 
have  originated  with  us,  while  the  hy- 
draulic mode  of  washing,  with  its  ingen- 
ious paraphernalia,  not  only  had  its 
origin  in,  but  seems  thus  far  to  have  been 
confined  to,  California;  not  to  mention  a 
multitude  of  minor  but  highly  useful  and 
ingenious  contrivances  for  which  our  peo- 
ple may  justly  claim  the  credit  of  inven- 
tion. 

With  so  much  that  is  new  and  peculiar 
in  the  means  used  for  working  them,  our 
mines  themselves  present  some  features  of 
novelty.     In  our  gold  beaches  and  bluffs, 


climate  is  better  adapted  to  the  business, 
than  California,  it  is  not  a  little  remarka- 
ble that  nearly  one-half  of  all  the  butter 
and  cheese  we  consume  should  be  trans- 
ported to  us  over  the  longest  railroad  in 
the  world,  and  at  the  highest  rate  of 
freight  anywhere  known.  Some  claim 
that  over  one-half  of  the  butter  and  cheese 
consumed  here  is  thus  imported;  but  the 
question  is  not  how  much,  but  why  any 
amount  whatever  is  thus  obtained. 

Very  good  dairy  land  can  be  had  here 
at  from  $5  to  $'20  per  acre,  and  convenient 
to  transportation.  Dairy  cows  can  be 
raised  and  pastured  here  as  cheap  or  cheaper 
than  in  the  Atlantic  states,  and  can  be 
kept  for  less  than  half  the  cost  there.  La- 
bor is  very  nearly  as  cheap  as  at  the  East 
and  living  much  cheaper.  Of  course  noth- 
ing need  be  said  with  regard  to  the  supe- 
riority of  the  climate  of  California,  where 
neither  stable  feed  or  shelter  is  used  (al- 
though  it  might  be    used  to  advantage). 

Singular  it  certainly  must  appear  to  vis- 
itors here,  that  with  all  these  advantages 
in  our  favor,  Eastern  dairymen  are  growing 


rich  on  their  cold,  bleak,  rocky  farms,  in 
making  butter  and  cheese  for  the  Califor- 
nia market;  and  yet  we  are  told  that  the 
few  who  have  gone  into  business  here, 
with  intelligence  and  energy  have  made 
money  at  it — probably  less  failures  having 
occurred  in  that  business  than  in  almost 
any  other  which  could  be  named.  We 
might  give  names  and  facts  and  figures; 
and  at  some  future  time  perhaps  we  may 
do  so,  as  there  are  about  1,000  dairies  in 
the  State,  averaging  from  30  to  300  cows 
each — a  few  being  much  larger. 

Perhaps  the  greatest  drawback  is  the 
uncertainty  of  the  labor  market  in  this 
State,  and  the  disinclination  of  laborers 
to  go  out  from  the  great  centres  of  popu- 
lation to  engage  in  hard  work.  Quite  too 
large  a  proportion  of  our  people  are  in- 
clined to  stick  to  the  cities  and  towns  to 
do  head  work.  Single  men  are  particu- 
larly so  inclined,  and  when  the  cares 
of  the  family  begin  to  press  upon  the  mar- 
ried man,  he  is  too  often  forced  to  forego 
a  favorable  opportunity  to  enter  upon  the 
dairy  or  some  other  good  business  in  the 
country  because  his  helpmate,  cannot  en- 
dure the  isolation  of  California  life  in  the 
country — where  the  latest  style  of  a  Pa- 
risian bonnet  is  never  seen.  What  we  want 
here  is  a  few  thousand  active  energetic 
young  men  with  small  capital  who  will 
take  hold  of  "outside"  enterprises  with  an 
energy  and  a  will  that  takes  no  note  of 
hard  work,  dull  times  or  personal  isola- 
tion; but  who  will  rest  perfectly  satis- 
fied with  a  legitimate  and  moderate  reward 
of  industry. 

Many  of  the  readers  of  the  Scientific 
Press  are  located  in  mountainous  districts 
where  more  attention  given  to  dairying 
and  gardening  would  add  to  the  comfort 
and  cheapness  of  living,  and  we  think  it 
not  amiss  to  present  in  our  columns  some 
facts  about  California  dairying,  and  an  il- 
lustration of 

A  Cheese  Dairy  House. 
The  plan  here  shown  consists  of  a  build- 
ly,  stories  high,  with  a  broad  spreading 
roof  of  45°  pitch.  The  ground  plan  is  10 
feet  high  between  joists,  and  the  posts  10 
high.  An  ice  house  may  be  placed  at  one 
end  (if  wished) .  A  wood  shed  is  placed 
at  the  other  end. 

The  building  is  supposed  to  be  erected 
near  the  milking  sheds  of  the  farm  and  in 
contiguity  to  the  feeding  troughs  of  the 
cows,  or  the  piggery  and  adapted  to  the 
convenience  of  feeding. 

Interior  Arrangements. 
The  front  door  is  proteoted  by  a  light 
porch,  a.  Entering  by  a  door,  b,  the  main 
dairy  room,  the  cheese  presses  c,  c,  occu- 
pying the  left  end  of  room,  between  which 
a  passage  leads  through  a  door,  I,  into  the 
wood  shed,  h,  open  on  all  sides,  with  its 
roof  resting  on  four  posts  set  in  the  ground. 
The  large  cheese  table,  d,  stands  on  the  op- 
posite end.  In  the  center  of  the  room  is  a 
chimney, e,  with  a  whey  and  a  water  boiler 
and  vats  on  each  side.  A  flight  of  stairs, 
/,  leading  into  the  storage  room  above  is 
in  the  rear.  A  door,  b,  on  the  extreme 
right,  leads  into  the  ice  house,  g. 

There  are  four  windows  to  the  room, 
two  on  each  side,  front  and  rear.  In  the 
loft  are  placed  the  shelves  for  storing  the 
cheese  as  soon  as  sufficiently  prepared  on 
the  temporary  table  below.  This  loft  is 
thoroughly  ventilated  by  windows,  and 
the  heat  of  the  sun  upon  it  ripens  the 
cheese  rapidly  for  market.  A  trap  door 
through  the  floors  over  which  is  hung  a 
tackle  admits  the  cheese  from  below,  or 
passes  it  down  when  preporod  for  the  mar- 
ket. 

The  cheese  house  should  be  placed  on  a 
sloping  bank  when  it  is  designed  to  feed 
the  whey  to  pigs,  and  even  when  it  is  fed 
to  cows  it  is  more  convenient  it  to  pass  to 
them  on  a  lower  level,  than  to  carry  it  out 
in  buckets.  It  may  however,  if  on  level 
ground,  be  discharged  into  vats  in  a  cellar 
below  and  pumped  out  as  wanted.  A 
cellar  is  convenient,  indeed  almost  indis- 
pensable, under  the  cheese  dairy,  and 
water  should  be  so  near  as  to  be  easily 
pumped  or  drawn  into  the  vats  and  kettles 
used  iu  running  up  the  curd  or  for  wash- 
ing the  utensils  used  in  the  work. 

When  the  milk  is  kept  over  night  for 
the  next  morning's  curd,  temporary  tables 
may  be  placed  near  the  ice  room  to  hold 
the  pans  or  tubs  in  which  it  may  be  set 
and  the  ice  used  to  temper  the  milk  to  a 
proper  degree  for  raising  the  cream  if  the 
dairy  be  of  such  extent  as  to  require  larger 
accomodation  than  the  plan  here  suggest- 
ed a  room  or  two  can  be  added. 


The  Wheeler  Expedition  has  concluded 
its  scientific  explorations  throughout  Cal- 
ifornia, Nevada,  Utali  and  Arizona,  and 
the  officers  are  now  in  this  city  en-route  to 
Washington. 


January  13,  1872.I 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


23 


UsEfdL     lflfO!\[K;\TION. 


Ai.vantagesok  Crying.— A  French  phy- 
sician is  out  in  a  long  dissertation  on  the 
advantages  of  crying  and  groaning  in 
general,  and  especially  during  surgical  op- 
erations. He  contonds  that  groaning  and 
crying  are  two  grand  operations  by  which 
nature  allays  anguish;  and  those  patients 
who  give  way  to  their  natural  feelings 
more  speedily  recover  from  accidents  and 
operations  than  those  who  suppose  it  un- 
worthy a  man  to  betray  such  symptoms  of 
cowardice  as  either  to  groan  or  cry.  He 
tells  of  a  man  who  reduced  his  pulse  from 
one  hundred  and  twenty-six  to  sixty,  in 
the  courso  of  a  few  hours,  hy  giving  full 
vent  to  his  emotions.  If  people  aro  at  all 
unhappy  about  anything,  let  them  go  into 
their  rooms  and  comfort  themselves  with 
a  loud  boo  hoo,  and  they  will  feel  a  hun- 
dred per  cent,  bettor  afterward. 

In  accordance  with  the  above,  the  cry- 
ing of  children  should  not  be  too  greatly 
discouraged.  If  it  is  systematically  ro- 
pressed,  the  result  may  be  St.  Vitus'  dance, 
epileptic  fits,  or  some  other  disease  of  the 
nervous  system.  What  is  natural  is  use- 
ful; and  nothing  can  bo  more  natural  than 
tho  Crying  of  children  whin  anything  oc- 
curs to  give  them  either  physical  or  men- 
tal pain.    

Eating  WrrnouT  an  Appetite. — It  is 
wrong  to  eat  without  an  appetite,  for  it 
shows  that  there  is  no  gastric  juico  in  the 
stomach,  and  that  nature  does  not  need 
food;  and  not  needing  it,  there  being  no 
fluid  to  roceive  and  act  upon  it,  it  remains 
there  only  to  putrify,  tho  very  thought  of 
which  should  be  sufficient  to  deter  any 
man  from  eating  without  au  appetite  for 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  If  a  tonic  is 
taken  to  whet  the  appetite,  it  is  a  mistaken 
course,  for  its  only  result  is  to  cause  one 
to  oat  more  when  already  an  amount  has 
been  eaten  beyond  what  the  gastric  juice 
supply  is  able  to  prepare. 

The  object  to  be  attained  is  a  larger  sup- 
ply of  gastric  juice,  not  a  larger  supply  of 
food,  and  whatever  fails  to  accomplish  that 
essential  object,  fails  to  have  any  efficiency 
toward  the  cure  of  dyspeptic  diseases.  The 
formation  of  gastric  juice  is  directly  pro- 
portioned to  the  wear  and  tear  of  the  sys- 
tem, which  is  to  be  the  means  of  supply- 
ing, and  this  wear  and  tear  can  only  take 
place  as  the  result  of  exercise.  The  ef- 
ficient remedy  for  dyspepsia  is  work  — out- 
door work — beneficial  and  successful  in 
direct  proportion  as  it  is  agreeable,  inter- 
esting and  profitable. — Hall's  Journal  of 
Health. 

Bad  Effect  of  Haik  Restorers. — A 
correspondent  of  the  Country  Gentleman 
says  that  he  has  under  his  care  two  inva- 
lid ladies.  "One  has  been  paralyzed  on 
the  right  side  for  nearly  three  years,  and 
has  been  utterly  helpless  most  of  that 
time.  Her  vision  has  been  very  imperfect; 
her  knowledge  of  past  events  has  utterly 
departed  from  her;  recently  she  appears 
to  be  recovering  her  recollection,  and  can 
count  with  tolerable  accuracy  as  high  as 
twenty."  He  attributes  her  prostration 
entirely  to  the  use  of  a  popular  hair  re- 
storer. "The  other  case  is  not  so  bad,  but 
bad  enough.  For  the  past  year  her  eyes 
have  been  an  occasion  of  constant  torture. 
The  retina  has  become  so  sensitive  to  the 
light  as  to  make  a  dark  room  indispensable. 
Wheels  of  burning  flame  revolve  con- 
stantly before  her  eyes,  attended  by  light- 
ning-like flashes,  which  are  terrible  to 
bear.  She  is  another  victim  to  the  poison- 
ous lead  contained  in  the  same  popular 
hair-restorer."  

Chemical  Experiments. — Most  persons 
have  an  idea  that  it  requires  a  great  deal 
of  expensive  apparatus  to  show  or  perform 
chemical  experiments.  Such,  however,  is 
not  the  case;  a  great  many  pleasing  and 
instructive  experiments  can  be  shown  with- 
out any  more  apparatus  than  can  gener- 
ally be  found  in  every  dwelling.  And  with 
the  addition  of  a  few  glass  tubes  of  vari- 
ous diameters,  a  dozen  or  two  test-tubes, 
a  pint  flask  or  two,  and  an  assortment 
of  ordinary  glass  bottles  and  corks,  there 
is  scarcely  an  experiment  that  may  not  be 
attempted  with  fair  prospect  of  success. 
In  order  to  make  bell  glasses  it  is  only 
necessary  to  cut  the  bottom  out  of  bottles, 
and  grind  the  surface  of  the  incision. 

Cukious  Facts. — A  curious  observer  has 
discovered  that  men  and  boys  invariably 
run  the  heels  of  their  boots  and  shoes  over 
outwardly,  while  women  and  girls  always 
run  theirs  over  inwardly.  Out  of  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-seven  men  and  boys  that 
passed  tho  observer  at  a  given  point,  this 
fact  was  true  in  every  instance;  out  of 
sixty-seven  women  that  passed,  it  was  true 
in  every  instance  but  one. 


Qood  HeA.ltH- 


Detebioration  in  Milk  in  Feeding 
Bottles.— I'rof.  Uuuuiug,  the  Govern- 
ment Analyst  at  Amsterdam,  writes;  I  ob- 
'•  ject  to  the  infants'  bottles  in  all  instances 
whore  any  part  of  them  is  composed  of 
caoutchouc  or  india-rubber,  or  any  like 
material.  There  ia  nothing  so  ill  suited  to 
tho  constitution  of  tho  human  body  as  the 
material  in  question.  When,  in  conse- 
quence of  suction,  tho  pores  of  the  caout- 
chouc aro  enlarged,  some  portion  of  the 
milk  always  remains  behind  in  tbem, 
which  cannot,  or  at  least  caunot  without 
great  difficulty,  bo  moved.  This  milk 
quickly  becomes  bad,  and  spoils  the  fresh 
milk  with  which  it  comes  in  contact.  The 
caoutchouc  material  in  question  is  made 
up  of  several  ingredients.  White  zinc,  or 
white  lead,  is  very  commonly  employed, 
which  is  very  poisonous.  My  objections 
ai'e  not  founded  exclusively  upon  a  priori 
conclusions.  In  thia  country  many  fatal 
oases  have  happened  among  infants,  which 
on  solid  grounds  may  be  ascribed  to  the 
use  of  these  bottles." 

If  some  enterprising  inventor  will  give 
the  world  a  substitute  for  rubber,  he  will 
confer  a  great  favor  and  make  money  be- 
side. 


Throat  Diseases  are  so  prevalent 
at  this  time  that  we  commend  to  our 
friends  a  new  remedy  which  is  fully  de- 
scribed in  a  late  number  of  the  Pacific 
Medical  Journal.  It  is  bisulphite  of  soda, 
in  large  and  continuous  doses.  Dipthe- 
ria,  inflammation  of  the  tonsils,  and  quinsy 
through  local  exhibitions,  have  their 
source  in  poisonous  fermentations  of  the 
blood,  the  same  as  scarlet  fever  and  other 
zymotic  diseases.  It  is  held  that  the 
salt  prescribed  enters  into  the  circulation 
and  retards  putrefactive  fermentation. 
Dr.  Tyrell  failed  of  success  -when  he  ad- 
ministered it  in  small  doses  and  in  three- 
hour  intervals;  but  when  he  gave  thirty- 
grain  doses  every  hour,  day  and  night,  so 
as  to  saturate  the  system  with  the  salt,  he 
was  almost  invariably  successful  in  re- 
moving all  the  severe  symptoms  in  twenty- 
four  hours.  The  object  of  publication  is 
to  induce  physicians  to  give  this  medicine 
a  trial,  that  tho  curative  effects  may  have 
more  extended  proofs. 


Keeping  Frdit  in  our  Rooms.  — We 
should  be  chary  of  keeping  ripe  fruit  in 
our  sitting-rooms,  and  especially  beware 
of  laying  it  about  a  sick  chamber  for  any 
length  of  time.  That  complaint  which 
some  people  make  about  a  faint  sensation 
in  the  presence  of  fruit,  is  not  fanciful — 
they  may  be  really  affected  by  it;  for  two 
continental  chemists  have  shown  that 
from  the  moment  of  plucking,  apples, 
cherries,  currants,  and  other  fruits,  are 
subject  to  incessant  transformation.  At 
first,  they  absorb  oxygen,  thus  robbing 
the  surrounding  air  of  its  vital  element. 
Then  they  evolve  carbonic  acid,  and  this 
in  far  greater  volume  than  the  purer  gas  is 
absorbed,  so  that  we  have  poison  given 
us  in  the  place  of  pure  air,  with  com- 
pound interest.  Temperature  affects  the 
rate  of  changes,  warmth  acceleratiug  it. — 
Good  Health. 


Pumpkins  for  Inflammatory  Rheuma- 
tism.— At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  New 
York  Farmer's  Club,  a  correspondent 
wrote  of  the  virtues  of  pumpkin,  giving 
the  following  instance  of  its  value  for  in- 
flammatory rheumatism:  A  woman's  arm 
was  swelled  to  au  enormous  size  and  pain- 
fully inflamed.  A  poultice  was  made  of 
stewed  pumpkins,  which  was  renewed 
every  fifteen  minutes,  aud  in  a  short  time 
produced  a  perfect  cure.  The  fever 
drawn  out  by  the  poultice  made  them  ex- 
tremely offensive,  as  they  were  taken  off. 
I  know  a  man  cured  of  inflammation  of 
the  bowels  by  the  same  kind  of  applica- 
tion. 

How  to  Treat  a  Sty. — The  sty  is  a 
small  boil  protruding  from  the  eyelid.  It 
will  usually  pass  away  of  itself,  but  its 
cure  may  be  hastened  by  applying  a  warm 
poultice  of  bread  and  water  in  a  small 
linen  bag.  Apply  three  or  four  times  a 
day,  and  each  time  foment  the  eye  with 
warm  milk  and  water. 


Drinking  at  Meals. — In  the  use  of 
liquids  as  of  solid  food,  desire  is  the  best 
guide.  We  should  drink  when  we  are 
thirsty,  and  as  we  are  usually  thirsty  at 
meals,  especially  when  our  food  contains 
little  water,  we.should  drink  with  freedom, 
and  usually  to  the  full  extent  of  the  desire. 


RAILROAD  ITEMS. 

Facifi  The  Northo  Railway  Compnny  has 
been  incorporated.  Its  purpose  is  to  build 
a  railroad  from  Saueclito.  Marin  county, 
through  said  county  and  Son. .ma  county, 
to  a  point  on  the  M'alhalla  river,  a  distance 
of  90  miles. 

Trains  upon  the  California  and  Oregon 
Railroad  arc  running  into  Red  lilnfT. 

(irading  upon  the  Virginia  and  Trockee 
Railroad  is  being  pushed  ahead  vigorously 
between  Washoe  and  Carson.  An  extra 
force  has  been  put  to  work  ou  tho  two  tun- 
nels near  the  head  of  Washoe  valley. 

The  Central  Pacific  has  taken  possession 
ef  the  Stockton  aud  Visalia  aud  Stockton 
and  Copperupolis  railroads. 

Tie-  tracklayers  on  the  road  south  of  the 
M.rced  river  are  making  satisfactory  pro- 
gress. The  cars  are  now  running  to  a 
point  but  a  few  miies  from  aud  within 
sight  of  Hear  creek*. 

The  Hood  surveying  party,  which  has 
been  laying  out  the  line  of  the  California 
and  Oregon  Railrond  noar  the  line  divid- 
ing the  two  States,  have  returned,  being 
forced  by  the  suow  storms  to  ceaso  opera- 
tions. When  they  quit  operations  they 
had  advanced  a  distance  of  about  20  miles 
into  Oregon. 

Although  the  surveys  have  been  made 
for  a  railroad  from  Napa  Junction  to  Peta- 
luma,  to  connect  with  tho  Sonoma  Railroad, 
and  work  was  actually  commenced,  the 
change  of  ownership  of  the  California  Pa- 
cific stopped  movements  in  that  direction. 
There  are  assurances  for  stating  that  the 
Sonoma  connection  will  be  made  in  time 
for  moving  the  next  year's  crops.  Recently 
the  engineers  of  the  Central  Pacific  rail- 
road company  have  been  running  lines 
from  the  Summit,  two  or  three  miles  above 
the  Junction,  across  the  tules  toward  Peta- 
lnma,  with  the  purpose,  it  is  stated,  of 
looking  a  route  through  to  Sancelito. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  San  Diego  k  Los  Angeles  Railroad 
Company,  it  was  resolved  that  a  survey  be 
made  with  a  view  to  the  permanent  loca- 
tion of  the  route  from  San  Diego  to  Los 
Angelos.  Mr.  Chas.  J.  Fox  will  act  as 
Chief  Engineer  of  the  surveying  expedi- 
tion. The  party  will  commence  the  survey 
at  Old  Town  and  working  toward  Pawn, 
from  thence  toward  San  Luis  Rey  and 
Santa  Margareta  to  San  Juan  Capistrauo 
and  Anaheim,  finally  terminating  at  Los 
Angeles.  The  route  for  a  branch  from 
Anaheim  to  San  Bernardino  will  also  be 
surveyed.  From  all  we  can  gather  the  San 
Diego  &  Los  Angeles  Railroad  Company 
means  business. 

The  Bakersville  Courier  rejoices  in  an- 
ticipation of  the  early  connection  of  Kern 
county  with  the  balance  of  the  State  by 
rail.  It  has  information  of  a  character 
which  leads  it  to  believe  "that  the  exten- 
sion of  the  San  Joaquin  Valley  Road  to 
that  place  early  in  the  Spring  is  a  cer- 
tainty. 

The  Supervisors  of  Marin  county  have 
passed  an  order  calling  for  an  election,  to 
be  held  on  January  24th  next,  at  which 
time  the  people  will  vote  whether  or  not 
the  county  shall  issue  bonds  to  the  amount 
of  $160,000  in  aid  of  building  a  railroad 
from  San  Rafael  to  Tomales.  The  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad  Company  who  de- 
sign to  construct  a  road  from  Sancelito  to 
the  Walhalla  river,  by  the  way  of  San  Ra- 
fael and  Tomales,  have  signified  a  desire  to 
accept  of  such  a  subsidy,  and  will  build 
the  road  if  the  County  Supervisors  can 
agree  with  them  on  the  route  to  be  fol- 
lowed. 

The  object  of  the  road  is  mainly  to  open 
up  to  the  San  Francisco  market  greater 
facilities  in  obtaining  lumber  from  the 
Northern  Coast  counties. 

The  Central  and  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road Companies  are  about  to  commence 
very  extensive  improvements  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  San  Francisco  and  on  Mission 
Bay.  The  Central  Company  has  a  grant 
of  sixty  acres  of  land  in  Mission  Bay,  which, 
it  is  said,  can  be  made  available  at  a  cost 
of  about  700,000.  It  is  further  reported 
that  a  contract  for  filling  in  that  part  of 
Mission  Bay  covered  by  the  grant  has  been 
entered  into  already.  By  the  terms  of  the 
grant,  the  Company  will  be  obliged  to  ex- 
pend the  sum  of  $200,000  on  the  work  be- 
fore March  21st,  1873. 

The  new  track  now  being  built  between 
San  Leandroand  Melrose  (Simpson's,  Ala- 
meda county) ,  is  progressing  rapidly — a 
train  of  construction  cars  has  been  lately 
employed  in  transportating  large  quantities 
of  railroad  iron.  The  road  is  completed 
about  half  the  distance.  When  finished 
the  old  track  between  these  two  places  will 
be  removed. 

The  San  Joaquin  Republican  says  a  large 
number  of  (four  or  five  hundred)  men  are  I 


employed  in  grading  the  track  for  the 
branch  road  tho  Central  Pacific  Company 
are  building  from  the  main  trunk  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river  down  the  valley, 
Tho  branch  will  leave  the  main  road  about 
three  aud  a  half  miles  west  of  Bauta's,  and 
follow  the  most  direct  route  down  the 
valley.  The  town  of  Antioeh  will  not  bo 
the  water  terminus.  The  road  will  pass 
some  three  miles  to  the  west  of  that  place 
and  reach  deep  water  at  a  point  below. 

Hazlett's  surveying  party,  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Narrow-gauge  Railroad,  re- 
turning from  the  survey  of  the  route  to 
Needles,  below  Hardyville,  on  the  Colo- 
rado, tho  present  terminus  of  the  road, 
have  arrived  at  Cam))  Cody,  all  well.  They 
find  a  good,  practicable  route  to  the  Colo- 
rado. 

Tho  surveying  and  locating  of  the  Walla 
Walla  and  Columbia  River  Railroad  has 
been  completed.  A  considerable  amount 
of  the  grading  will  be  done  this  winter. 
It  is  expected  that  the  road  will  be  in  run- 
ning order  within  a  year. 

The  surveying  party  under  Cant.  Max- 
well has  been  ordered  to  Pend'Oreilee 
Lake,  to  maku  surveys  during  the  winter. 

Gen.  Spragne,  T.  B.  Morris  and  E.  S. 
Smith  have  gone  to  Puget  Sound,  and  the 
Kalama  Beacon  says  their  visit  is  supposed 
to  be  connected  with  the  location  of  the 
terminus,  between  Olympia  and  Steila- 
coom. 

The  track  is  laid  and  construction  trains 
are  running  on  the  line  nearly  eighteen 
miles,  extending  five  miles  and  a  half  be- 
yond Kidder's  Camp,  up  the  Cowlitz.  A 
side  track  has  been  put  down  opposite 
Freeport.  The  material  for  the  Toutle 
river  bridge  is  being  transported  up  the 
Cowlitz  by  steamer;  and  as  every  part  of 
the  bridge  is  ready  to  be  put  together,  its 
completion  is  but  the  work  of  a  few  days. 

The  Oregon  and  California  Railroad  has 
been  graded  to  a  point  CO  miles  above 
Eugene  City,  in  the  Umpqua  Valley.  The 
track  is  laid  but  14  miles  above  Eugene, 
and  cannot  be  extended  further  until  a  new 
supply  of  iron  arrives. 

Col.  Martin,  Engineer  Northern  Pacifio 
Railroad,  has  just  completed  a  survey  up 
Fish  creek,  in  Montana.  The  line,  as  run, 
has  a  grade  of  105  feet  to  the  mile.  This 
route  is  said  to  be  50  miles  shorter  than 
the  Lou  Lou  Fork  route. 

The  Burgess  party,  who  have  been  sur- 
veying a  route  for  the  Northern  Pacifio 
Railroad  through  the  Pipestone  Pass,  state 
that  this  route  will  be  some  50  miles  shorter 
than  that  by  the  Deer  Lodge  Pass. 

A  suit  is  in  progress  at  Omaha  between 
the  Union  Pacific  Company  and  T.  C.  Du- 
rant,  to,  compel  the  latter  to  deliver  to  the 
railroad  company  about  one  million  dol- 
lars' worth  of  property  deeded  to  him  by 
individuals  in  trust  for  the  railroad  com- 
pany in  1803  and  18G4. 

Work  on  the  western  division  of  the 
Colorado  Central  is  progressing  rapidly. 
The  road-bed  is  graded  ready  for  the  iron 
to  station  275,  at  Huntsman's  Ranch,  and 
it  is  in  a  forward  state  of  completion  to 
station  375.  The  large  force  now  employed 
between  station  335  and  Elk  Meadow,  at 
Elk  creek,  brings  the  working  parties 
within  four  and  a  half  miles  of  the  Forks, 
where  they  will  commence  operations  on 
or  about  the  first  of  February. 

The  work  of  pushing  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  Railroad  westward  is  progressing 
at  a  rate  hardly  surpassed  by  the  opera- 
tions which  characterized  the  building  of 
the  Union  Pacific,  a  few  years  ago.  Al- 
ready the  line  is  completed  to  Vinite,  35 
miles  west  of  the  Missouri  line. 

The  final  survey  has  been  made  on  the 
Iowa  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  route  is 
better  in  all  respects  than  that  surveyed 
before.  The. work  will  probably  be  com- 
pleted on  the  road  in  Ida  county  this  year, 
and  east  of  Fort  Dodge  it  is  progressing  so 
rapidly  that  the  whole  line  from  Wells  to 
Fort  Dodge  will  be  graded  by  spring. 

At  a  recent  special  election,  Gonzales 
county,  Texas,  voted  to  take  $200,000,  and 
Caldwell  county,  $159,000,  in  bonds  of  the 
Western  Texas  and  Paoific  Railroad. 


Tin;  Manufacture  of  Platinum. — As 
an  item  worthy  of  record  amongst  our  me- 
chanical news,  we  would  notice  the  estab- 
lishment in  our  country  of  a  new  manu- 
facturing industry,  namely,  that  of  tho 
manufacture  from  the  raw  material  of  pla- 
tinum vessels,  wire,  etc.,  for  the  use  of 
the  chemist,  and  of  those  engaged  in  tech- 
nical pursuits.  For  our  supply  of  these 
materials  we  have  been,  until  the  estab- 
lishment of  this  enterprise,  entirely  de- 
pendent on  European  makers.  The  estab- 
lishment is  now  successfully  conducted  in 
New  York  by  Mr.  H.  M.  Raynor,  and  we 
wish  the  undertaking  all  success. — Frank- 
tin  Institute  Journal. 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  13,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Seniob  Editor. 


DEWEY  «Sfc  CO.,  Putolisliers. 

A    1.  DRWII,  0E0-  H-  STBONO, 

W.  B.  IWEB,  ««>•  *  B00>n5- 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  opposite 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s.  

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advebubino  Bates  .— 1  week,   lmonlh.    Smonlhs.   ly?""- 

Perline  25  -80  52.00         S5.00 

(toe-half 'inch $1.00        $3  00  7.60         20.00 

Onemci 2.00         6.00  14.00         36.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  paita  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  spooial  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advanoe— For  one  year,  U; 
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@a,n  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Jan.  13,  1878. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 

San  Pbancisco,  "Wednesday,  January  10,  1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying  01  % ;  selling,  92  H .  Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  108>i.      

Table  of  Contents. 

Freeman's  Grain  Separator  —  111.;  Hoisting 
Works  of  the  Eberhardt  and  Aurora  Co.— 111. ; 
The  Paul  Process;  Academy  of  Sciences. . .  17 

Cobhespondence.— Mill  and  Mining  in  Plumas 
County;  The  Succession  of  Seasons;  Un- 
f ermented  Juice  of  the  Grape ;  Reproduction 
of  Forest  Tress;  Eureka  LaKes 18 

Mechanical  Peogbess.  —  The  Durability  of 
Timber;  Mechanical  Progress  in  the  United 
States;  Experiments  with  Lubricators 19 

Scientific  Peogbess.— Meteorites— Their  Or- 
bits; Action  of  Sulphuric  Acid  on  Phos- 
phates  i 19 

Mining  Summary. —Stock  &  Exchange  Board; 
Market  Report 20-21 

Our  Mining  Prospects;  Dairying  in  Califor- 
nia-Ill  ■•22 

Useful  Infobmation. — Advantage  of  Crying; 
Eating  Without  an  Appetite 23 

Good  Health.— Deterioration  in  Milk  in  Feed- 
ing Bottles ;  Throat  Diseases  23 

Railroad  Items,  Etc 23 

The  State  Geological  Survey— No.  2;  Table 
of  Altitudes;  The  Storm 24 

Home  Industries;  Hints  to  Miners,  No.  6. — 111.; 
Sutro  Tunnel;  Careless  Blasting .25 

Domestic  Economy — How  to  Make  a  Coal  Fire; 
Water-Proof  Boots ;  Mechanical  Hints 26 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 

Old  Quicksilver  Flasks. — We  can  in- 
form 0.  S.,  Utah,  that  one  firm  in  San 
Francisco  pays  50  cents  each  for  second- 
hand flasks.  We  should  think  it  econ- 
omy for  many  mine  owners  to  return 
them  to  this  city. 

Post  Office  Changes. 

Following  are  the  Postal  changes  in  the 
Pacific  States  und  Territories  during  the 
■week  ending  December  30,  1871. 

Post  Offices  Established. -Hot  Spring, 
Siskiyou  county,  California  —  George 
Townsend,  Postmaster;  Mount  Fairview, 
San  Diego  county,  California  —  B.  F. 
Jones,  Postmaster;  Schellbourne,  White 
Pine  county,  Nevada — Melchoir  D.  Eaum, 
Postmaster;  Woodburn,  Marion  county, 
Oregon — Adolphus  Mathiot,    Postmaster. 

Postmasters  Appointed.  —  Caliotoga, 
Napa  county,  California — William  P.  Lit- 
ten;  Ellsworth,  Nye  county,  Nevada — P. 
O.  Tyler;  Hiko,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada 
— Charles  G.  Heath;  Rock  Creek,  Owyhee 
county,  Idaho — J.  S.  Delavan;  Eocky  Bar, 
Alturas  county,  Idaho — Warren  P.  Cal- 
lahan. 

Discontinued. — Port  Orchard,  Kitsap 
county,  Washington  Territory.  • 

Name  Changed. — Emmaville,  Salt  Lake 
county,  Utah,  to  Granite  City,  and  Joseph 
J.  Snell  appointed  Postmaster. 

Duty  on  Quicksilver. — A  concurrent 
resolution  has  been  offered  in  the  Assem- 
bly by  Mr.  Everett,  asking  the  influence 
of  our  Representatives  in  Congress  to  aid 
in  securing  the  abolition  of  the  duty  on 
quicksilver.  This  resolution  will  surely 
find  favor  among  all  classes  interested,  and 
should  be  adopted.  This  necessary  article 
is  used  so  very  extensively  not  only  for 
milling  purposes,  but  also  among  manu- 
facturers, etc.,  that  it  should  he  brought 
"within  easy  reach  of  all  at  moderate  prices, 
especially  since  we  on  this  coast  use  more 
of  it  than  any  other  part  of  the  world. 

On  File.— Letter  from  C.  H.  S.;  Com- 
munication from  C.  S. 


The  State  Geological  Survey— No.  2. 

In  our  last  week's  issue  we  made  some 
general  remarks  upon  the  character  of  the 
Geological  Survey,  the  purposes  for  which 
it  was  instituted,  and  what  may  legitimate- 
ly be  expected  from  it.  These  remarks 
might  easily  have  been  extended  to  far 
greater  length,  showing  how  broad  and 
complex  is  the  field  which  falls  within  the 
proper  scope  of  such  a  work,  and  how  diffi- 
cult are  many  of  the  problems  with  which 
it  has  to  deal. 

But  our  space  would  not  permit  it.  For 
the  same  reason  also,  in  reviewing  what 
has  already  been  clone  we  cannot  attempt 
any  detailed  history  of  ttie  work  from  its 
inception  down  to  the  present  time;  but 
after  a  brief  notice  of  the  most  important 
publications  of  the  survey  prior  to  its 
stoppage  by  the  Legislature  of  1867-8,  we 
shall  pass  rapidly  on  to  the  work  of 
the  last  two  years,  of  which  our  ac- 
count will  be  somewhat  more  detailed. 
Those  who  desire  fuller  information  must 
be  referred  to  the  published  volumes  of 
the  report,  and  to  the  printed  biennial  let- 
ters of  the  State  Geologist  to  the  Gover- 
nor, giving  detailed  reports  of  the  prog- 
ress of  the  work  year  after  year. 
Earlier  Publications. 

The  first  published  volume  of  the  report 
was  issued  in  1864,  and  formed  a  portion 
of  the  Paleontology,  being  devoted  to  a 
description  of  the  invertebrate  fossils  be- 
longing to  the  formations  lower  than  the 
tertiary.  It  was  finely  illustrated  with 
plates  engraved  on  steel  and  stone,  the 
text  being  the  work  of  Messrs.  Meek  & 
Gabb.  It  is  an  important  portion  of  the 
work,  since  the  fossils  found  in  the  rocks 
form  the  only  sure  and  certain  guide  by 
which  to  solve  the  intricate  question  of 
the  relative  ages  of  the  rocks.  But  it  pos- 
sesses little  interest  to  the  general  reader. 

The  next  publication  was  a  volume  of 
the  Geological  Series  proper,  issued  in 
1865,  and  entitled  a  "  Eeport  of  Progress 
and  Synopsis  of  the  field-work  from  1860 
to  1864."  This  volume  consists  of  about 
500  royal-octavo  pages  of  handsomely 
printed  text,  'profusely  illustrated  with 
geological  sections,  and  sketches  of  our 
grander  mountain  scenery,  and  crowded 
with  valuable  geological  facts  and  data 
from  almost  every  portion  of  the  State. 
It  ought  to  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  every 
intelligent  miner  throughout  the  State. 

The  next  publication  was  a  second  vol- 
ume of  the  Paleontology  in  1867,  to 
which  the  same  remark  will  apply  as  to 
the  first. 

In  1867  also,  was  published  the  topo- 
graphical "  Map  of  the  Eegion  adjacent  to 
the  Bay  of  San  Francisco "  on  a  scale  of 
two  miles  to  the  inch,  and  covering  an 
area  about  88  miles  long  by  66  miles  wide, 
which  is  nearly  equivalent  to  the  com- 
bined areas  of  the  two  States  of  Connecti- 
cut and  Ehode  Island.  This  was  the  first 
really  accurate  map  ever  published  of  any 
considerable  portion  of  California,  and  is 
to-day  the  finest  topographical  map  yet 
published  of  any  equal  area  of  mountain- 
ous country  in  the  United  States.  We 
now  pass  to 

The  Work  of  the  Last  Two  Years. 

On  the  resumption  of  the  work  by  the 
last  Legislature,  the  "Map  of  Central  Cal- 
ifornia "  was  one  of  the  first  and  most  im- 
portant matters  which  engrossed  attention. 
This  magnificent  topographical  map,  if  the 
means  are  furnished  to  complete  it,  will  not 
only  be  an  honor  to  the  State,  but  its  practi- 
cal value  for  all  time  to  come, will  only  grow 
more  apparent  year  by  year.  Its  scale  is 
six  miles  to  one  inch.  It  embraces  the 
central  portion  of  the  State  from  Owen's 
Lake  and  Visalia  on  the  south  to  Lassen's 
Peak  on  the  north,  and  from  Bodega  Bay 
on  the  west  to  Cerro  Gordo  on  the  east. 
It  is  in  four  sheets,  each  twenty-four 
inches  square,  and  covers  an  area  of  about 
eighty  thousand  square  miles,  of   which 


however,  about  eighteen  thousand,  in  the 
northeastern  portion  of  the  map,  are  within 
the  State  of  Nevada. 

It  covers  about  one-third  of  the  whole 
area,  and  probably  ninety-five  per  cent,  of 
the  population  of  the  State  of   California. 

The  southwestern  quarter  of  this  map 
was  already  in  the  hands  of  the  engraver. 
For  the  purpose  of  completing  the  south 
eastern  quarter,  a  party  was  fitted  out  to 
explore  and  map,  the  Inyo  and  White 
Mountain  ranges  and  the  region,  south  of 
Mono  Lake.  ,  This  party  consisted  of  Mv- 
C.  F.  Hoffman,  topographer,  Mr.  Alfred 
Craven,  assistant  topographer,  Mr.  W.  A. 
Goodyear,  geologist,  and  Mr.  Chester 
Averill  barometrical  observer.  They  took 
the  field  on  the  20th  of  April  1870,  and 
proceeded  to  Owen's  Valley  crossing  the 
Sierras  by  Walker's  Pass.  After  working 
up  the  topography  and  geology  of  the  Inyo 
and  White-  Mountain  ranges,  the  region 
south  of  Mono  Lake  was  explored  and 
mapped. 

They  then  proceeded  to  Aurora  where 
Prof.  Whitney  joined  them,  and  together 
they  surveyed  the  country  around  and  to 
the  west  of  that  place,  and  about  the  heads 
of  the  East  and  West  Walker  including  a 
portion  of  the  Sierra  between  the  heads  of 
the  Stanislaus,  the  Tuolumne  and  the 
Walker.     - 

This  whole  trip  occupied  four  months. 
Meantime  Mr.  Wackenreuderj.was  al  o  in 
the  field  engaged  in  mapping  a  portion  of 
the  High  Sierra.  And  later  in  the  season 
Messrs.  Craven  and  Goodyear,  with  two  as- 
sistants spent  three  months  in  mapping, 
and  working  up  the  oomplex  but  extreme- 
ly interesting  geology  of  the  region  in  the 
Coast  Eange  extending  from  the  head  of 
Napa  Valley  northwesterly  some  distance 
into  the  higher  mountains  beyond  Clear 
Lake. 

From  the  field-work  previously  done  by 
the  survey  in  the  northern  Sierra,  and 
from  the  maps  of  western  Nevada  furnished 
without,  expense  to  the  survey  and  in  ad- 
vance of  their  publication, by  Mr.  C.  King, 
Chief  of  the  U.  S.  Fortieth  Parallel  Sur- 
vey, the  means  are  in  hand  for  the  comple- 
tion of  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  map. 
To  furnish  the  means  of  completing  this 
map,  it  only  remains  then  to  work  up  the 
topography  and  geology  of  about  one-third 
the  area  of  the  northwestern  quarter,  i.  e., 
a  strip  in  the  Coast  Eange  northwest  of 
Clear  Lake,  and  a  portion  of  Tehama 
county,  which  will  require  a  party  in  the 
field  some  three  or  four  months.  The 
beautiful  engraving  of  this  map,  which  is 
of  necessity  a  slow  and  costly  work,  is 
already  almost  half  done,  and  if  the  means 
are  furnished  the  whole  thing  can  be  com- 
pleted, the  engraving  finished,  and  the 
map  a  published  fact  within  the  next  two 
years.  It  is  proposed  to  publish  two  edi- 
tions of  this  map,  one  as  a  splendid  topo- 
graphical and  geographical  map,  and  the 
other  as  a  geological  map  on  which  the 
different  geological  formations  will  be  ac- 
curately laid  down.  Moreover,  the  geo- 
logical field-work  for  this  map  is  being 
done  simultaneously  with  the  topograph- 
ical work  so  that  as  soon  as  the  map  is 
finished,  it  will  only  remain  to  color  the 
geology  upon  it,  and  publish  the  descrip- 
tive volumes,  which  can  then  be  quickly 
done. 

Few  people  have  any  adequate  concep- 
tion of  the  amount  of  labor  involved  in 
the  production  of  such  a  map;  but  every 
one  who  travels  in  the  mountains  can  ap- 
preciate its  practical  value  when  once  it  is 
completed.  It  would  be  a  great  loss  to 
California  not  to  have  this  map  completed 
and  published. 

Ornithology. 

We  must  not  omit  to  mention  one  other 
publication  of  the  survey.  The  first  vol- 
ume of  the  "Ornithology  of  California," 
devoted  to  the  land  birds  of  the  State, 
made  its  appearance  in  the  spring  of  1871. 
This  beautiful  volume  is  finely  printed, 
and  illustrated  with  662  engravings  on 
wood  and  copper.  The  plan  of  these  il- 
lustrations is  as  follows.  Each  species, 
over  three  hundred  in  all — has  a   life-size 


figure  of  its  head  colored  from  the  life,  by 
hand,  while  full  length  portraits  illustrate 
the  general  appearance  of  some  one  repre- 
sentative of  each  genus,  to  which  are  also 
added  diagrams  carefully  drawn,  and  exe- 
cuted in  relief  on  copper  by  the  "  Jewett 
Process,"  which  exhibit  the  minute  details 
of  the  external  anatomy.  This  is  by  far 
the  handsomest  volume  yet  published  by 
the  Survey.  The  coloring  of  the  engrav- 
ings is  finely  and  delicately  executed.  It 
forms  a  most  elegant  standard  work,  and 
should  be  found  in  every  gentleman's  li- 
brary. 

In  our  next  we  shall  have  something  to 
say  of  another,  and  extremely  interesting 
department  of  the  Survey-work. 

Table  of  Altitudes. 

The  following  list  of  altitudes  above  the 
sea-level,  which  has  been  furnished  us  for 
publication,  -by  Mr.  W.  A.  Goodyear,  As- 
sistant Geologist,  will  doubtless  be  inter- 
esting to  many  of  our  readers.  The  local- 
ities named  are  most  of  them  in  the  region 
between  the  North  and  Middle  Forks  of 
the  American  river.  The  determinations 
were  made  with  the  barometer  by  the  State 
Geological  Survey  during  the  summer  of 
1871.  The  results  are  not  absolutely  exact; 
but  most  of  them  will  be  found  very  near 
the  truth,  and  accurate  enough  for  practi- 
cal purposes: 

Feet  above 
level  ol  the  sea. 

Colfax 2,421 

Toll-house  at  Kice's  Bar,  North  Fork  of 

American  River 1,146 

Parker  House,  Iowa  Hill 2,867 

Summit  of  1st  Sugar  Loaf,  Iowa  Hill 3,084 

Mr.  Teasland's  House,  Wisconsin  Hill . .  2,880 
Highest  crest  of  Ridge  between  Elizabeth 

Hill  and  King's  Hill 3,065 

Crest  of  main  ridge  between  Iowa  Hill  and 
Damascus,  just  southwest  of  head  of 

Green  Valley  Gorge 4,139 

Hotel  at  Damascus 4,016 

Crest  of  main  ridge  immediately  south  of 

Damascus 4,691 

Mouth  of  Humbug  Canon,  south  branch 

of  North  Fork,  American  River 2,051 

Fork's  House,  on  ridge,  south  of  Damas- 
cus   4,789 

Crest  of  ridge  between  Forks  House  and 

Hog's  Baok 5,468 

Secret  House 5,486 

Summit  of  Secret  Hill 6,651 

Yank's  Cabin,  Canada  Hill 6,229 

Northwest  summit  of  Canada  Hill,  Bald 

Mountain 7,179 

Miller's  Defeat 5,812 

Last  Chance 4,545 

Bottom  of  Canon  of  North  Fork  of  Middle 
Fork  of  American  River,  on  trail  be- 
tween Last  Chance  and  Deadwood 2,719 

Crest  of  ridge  near  the  Devil'B  Basin. . . .  4,390 

Hotel  at  Deadwood 3,943 

Bottom  of  El  Dorado  Canon,  on  trail  from 

Deadwood  to  Michigan  Bluff 1,821 

Express  office,  Michigan  Bluff' 3,488 

Bottom  of  Volcano  Canon,  on  road  from 

Michigan  Bluff  to  Bath 2,871 

Forest  House,  Forest  Hill 3,230 

Martin  B.  Tubb's  Saloon,  Yankee  Jim's.  2,574 

Todd's  Valley 2,730 

Ford's  Bar,  at  mouth  of  Otter  Creek,  on 

Middle  Fork  of  American  River 795 

The  Last  Storm. 

We  have  been  visited,  since  our  last 
issue,  by  another  storm,  which  set  in  on 
Sunday  night  and  continued  with  very 
little  intermission  for  about  fthirty-six 
hours.  A  large  amount  of  water  fell  dur- 
ing that  time,  and  the  rain  was  very  gen- 
eral throughout  the  State,  as  far  south  as 
Visalia.  We  append  the  total  of  rainfall 
in  several  localities,  the  excess  of  which, 
over  our  last  week's  report,  shows  the 
amount  received  during  this  storm: 

Napa,  to  December  29th 26.99 

Vallejo,  to  January  8th 19.30 

San  Rafael,  to     "     9th 38.35 

Stockton,  to       "    8th 15.17 

Sacramento,  to  "    8th 14.33 

San  Francisco,  to  Jan.  9th 24.60 

Shasta,  to    Jan.      5th 50.14 

Oakland,  to    T'        9th 23.18 

Woodland,  to"        9th 20.10 

Petaluma,  to"        9th 23.45 

Visalia,  to       "        9th 6.15 

This  storm  in  the  mountains  has  also 
been  unusually  severe  and  attended  with  a 
very  large  amount  of  rainfall.  Lake  Ta- 
hoe  has  risen  22  inches  notwithstanding 
its  large  outlet.  The  average  depth  of 
snow  on  the  eastern  Summit  of  the  Sierras 
is  said  to  be  about  seven  feet,  and  about 
one  foot  on  the  western  slope.  Some  con- 
siderable damage  has  been  done  to  dams 
and  ditches  in  the  mountains  ;  but  not  so 
much  as  might  have  been  expected. 


January  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS^ 


25 


Home  Industries. 

Carriage  Spring  Manufactory. 

Among  the  nnmher  of  our  manufactures 
which  have  withstood  the  pressure  inci- 
dent to  the  opening  of  the  Pacific  R.  R., 
and  now  in  successful  operation  in  this 
•  ity,  may  be  mentioned  the  enterprise  of 
Wm.  M.  Betts  &  Bro.  Tjiese  gentlemen 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  springs  of 
all  kinds,  from  largest  locomotive  to  the 
1  carriage  spring,  nearly  four  years 
ago.  They  have  recently  erected  a  build- 
ing 40x80,  at  218  Fromont  St.  opposite  the 
Fulton  Foundry,  provided  with  all  the 
necessary  furnaces  for  tempering,  draw- 
ing and  forging,  (two  of  each  kind)  to- 
gether with  grindstones,  emery  wheels  and 
all  other  appliances  for  the  proper  prose- 
cution of  the  work. 

The  best  steel  for  the  purposo  is  con- 
signed to  the  firm  of  Nelson  &  Doble  from 
Firth  k  Son,  Sheffield,  England,  coming  in 
bars  of  the  required  width  and  thickness. 
Being  cut  into  suitable  lengths,  the  sec- 
tions are  then  forged,  punched,  slotted  and 
fitted.  After  which  they  are  ground,  pol- 
ished, put  together  and  thoroughly  tested 
by  lever  purchase,  when  they  are  prepared 
for  the  market.  The  number  of  hands  at 
present  employed  is  fourteen.  Besides  a 
gold  medal  received  at  the  Mechanic's 
Fair,  they  exhibit  testimonials  from  the 
leading  carriage  makers  of  this  city  and 
coast  in  commecdation  of  their  work. 
They  have  filled  a  number  of  large  orders 
fnr  car  springs  from  the  Central  Pacific 
Riilroad  Co.  In  short,  they  claim  to  man- 
ufacture a  spring,  unsurpassed  in  make, 
shape  or  temper,  by  any  imported  or  other- 
wise. 

The  Occidental  Foundry 
Is  the  name  of  another  establishment  re- 
cently opened  in  this  .city  at  137  and  139 
First  street,  on  the  old  stand  of  the  Vulcan 
Foundry.  It  is  owned  and  conducted  by 
Messrs.  Steiger  &  Boland,  who  bring  into 
the  new  enterprise  an  experience  in  the 
business  of  some  twenty  years  on  this 
Coast.  Many  of  the  best  moulders  form- 
erly associated  with  them,  have  again  found 
employment.  We  understand  also  that  the 
former  foreman  of  the  pattern  department 
of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works  is  to  have  charge 
of  the  designs  and  patterns  for  the  new 
firm. 

For  the  main  foundry  a  new  building 
has  taken  the  place  of  the  old,  which  is  said 
to  be  as  large,  and  as  well  arranged  in  all 
its  internal  workings  as  any  of  the  kind  in 
the  city,  while  its  advantages  for  proper 
ingress  and  egress  are  all  that  could  be 
desired  ;  the  whole  building  running 
back  from  First  street  137%  feet  taW.T. 
Garratt's  Brass  Works,  with  a  frontage  of 
57  feet  on  Natoma  street.  Everything  has 
been  provided  to  make  it  a  first-class  cus- 
tom foundry — their  motto  being  "prompt- 
ness and  neatness  in  the  execution  of  all 
orders."  Of  the  work  on  hand,  we  no- 
ticed some  large  kettles  and  tauks  for  the 
San  Francisco  Assaying  and  Refining 
Works.  Retorts  and  a  variety  of  other 
manufactured  articles  for  two  of  our  prin- 
cipal sugar  refineries  (the  Bay  and  the 
California) ,  a  good  display  of  different 
kinds  of  implements  for  the  San  Francisco 
Screw  and  Bolt  Works  of  Phelps  Bros., 
Drumm  street;  sundry  sections  of  pomp 
machinery  for  David  Stoddart's  Machine 
AVorks,  as  also  a  choice  collection  of  cones, 
swedge  blocks  and  tweer  irons  manufac- 
tured for  the  Glasgow  Metal  and  Iron 
Works  Co.,  Fremont  street,  together  with 
a  quantity  of  milling  and  mining  ma- 
chinery, for  this  city  and  the  interior. 

Safety  Fuse  Manufactory. 
It  may  not  be  generally  known  that  a 
manufactory  of  this  kind  exists  in  this 
State.  Our  correspondent,.  L.  P.  He, 
furnishes  us  with  the  following:  There 
are  three  such  establishments  in  the  State, 
the  principal  one  of  which  is  situated  two 
miles  southeast  of  Alameda,  and  about 
twelve  miles  from  San  Francisco,  and  is 
known  as  the  branch  works  of  Toy.  Bick- 
ford  &  Co.,  the  original  works  being  at 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  and  were  started 
thirty-five  years  ago.  The  works  near 
Alameda  are  run  by  an  engine  of  35  horse 


power,  and  wore  started  five  years  since. 
The  greater  part  of  the  fuse  used  on  this 
Coast  is  now  manufactured  at  this  estab' 
lishment,  and  their  capacity  is  sufficient 
to  supply  the  entire  demaud.  Twelve  men 
are  regularly  employed. 

Oregon  Stoves. 
The  Oregon  Iron  Works  some  time 
since  commenced  the  manufacture  of 
stoves,  of  which  they  are  turning  out 
a  very  lino  article,  and  averagiug  about 
a  do/.en  a  day.  Thoy  make  two  patterns 
of  cooking  stoves,  throe  parlor,  two  box, 
one  cylinder;  and  have  sent  for  other  pat- 
terns. There  is  some  boldness  in  this 
movement,  says  the  Willamett  Farmer, 
as  it  requires  a  permanent  investment  of 
about  seventy-five  thousand  dollars  to  car- 
ry on  the  work.  The  present  indications 
are  that  the  company  will  find  this  a  profit- 
able branch  of  their  business. 

Hints  to  Miners.— No.  6. 

Formation  of   Deep  Placers— Continued. 

As  a  rule,  auriferous  alluvia  are  found 
deposited  in  or  near  the  present  drainage 
courses,  except  in  such  instances  as  the 
following: 

1.  Where  the  old  valley  beds  have  been 
silted  up  to  high  levels  forming  wide  allu- 
vial flats,  as  illustrated  in  Fig.  5,  in  which 
a  is  the  water  channel;  6  wash  dirt  and  c 
wash  dirt.  In  this  case  the  run  of  gold 
may  be  found  at  a  considerable  distance 
from  the  existing  water-channel,  although 
in  the  same  flat  or  valley.  This  deviation 
seems  to  have  been  caused  by  the  creek 
undergoing  a  constant  change  across  the 
valley  during  the  process  of  silting  up  by 
fluviatile  action,  as  indicated  by  the  alter- 
nate layers  of  sand,  shingle  and  clay  form- 
ing the  depo  ,.ls. 


2.  It  is  sometimes  found  that  the  old 
drainage  beds  containing  alluvial  deposits 
of  gold,  after  being  silted  up  to  a  consid- 
erable bight,  as  described  above,  have 
been  subsequently  made  to  assume  the 
form  of  hill  ridges  by  the  erosion  of  newer 
and  deeper  valley  beds  on  each  side  of 
them,  as  shown  in  Fig.  2,  where  a  repre- 
sents the  modern  water  course,  b  the  wash 
dirt  and  c  the  modern  watercourse.  A 
well-known  hill  iu  Victoria  presents  a  no- 
table example  of  this  sort,  as  it  shows  on 
the  outside  the  appearance  of  an  ordinary 
clay-slate  spur;  but  it  consists  chiefly  of 
deposits  of  sand,  shingle,  and  clay;  and 
alluvial  gold  in  considerable  quantities 
has  been  found  in  it  from  time  to  time  di- 
rectly under  the  present  summit. 
Fig.   VI. 


3.  Again,  where  the  Silurian  claystones, 
etc.,  have  been  wholly  or  partly  capped  by 
flows  of  basalt,  the  existing  water  courses 
or  lines  of  drainage  often  differ  very  much 
in  direction  from  the  older  valleys  beneath 
them,  but  conform  to  them  so  far  as  the 
general  direction  of  the  drainage  from  the 
dividing  ranges  to  the  sea  coast  or  princi- 
pal rivers  is  concerned.  Figs.  7  and  8  are 
examples  of  this  kind  of  change. 

Fig.  7  in  which  a  and  b  are  wash  dirt 
and  c  the  existing  water  course,  represents 
a  tract  of  country  wholly  covered  with  ba- 
salt, upon  which  new  lines  of  drainage 
have  been  worn  out,  conformable  to  the 
depressions  and  slopes  of  the  newer  sur- 
face, and  under  which  deep  leads  of  gold 
often  occur,  occupying  the  position  of  the 
older  valleys  as  at  A  and  B. 


In  Fig.  8,  a  and  c  are  the  wash  dirt  and  b 
and  d  the  existing  water  course.  This 
figure  shows  a  flow  of  basalt  originally 
confined  to  the  bed  of  an  old  alluvial  val- 
ley of  the  older  sedimentary  rocks,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  bounded  on  each  side 
by  hills,  as  showu  by  the  dotted  lines;  but 
the  basalt,  from  its  indurated  oharactor,  be- 
ing much  more  impervious  to  the  decom- 
posing and  woaring  action  of  the  atmos- 
pheric elements  than  the  adjacent  clay- 
stone  rocks,  newer  valley  beds  at  a  much 
lower  level    have    been    eroded    on    each 

Fig,  vji 


side,  and  the  original  level  of  the  surface 
reduced,  leaving  the  old  valley  capped  by 
the  harder  rock  to  appear  as  a  small  ele- 
vated plateau.  This  formation  may  be 
observed  in  many  places  where  the  flows 
of  basalt  have  been  confined  to  narrow 
channels. 

4.  But  reverting  to  the  hill  deposits  of 
surfacing  which  have  been  alluded  to,  they 
appear  to  specially  illustrate  the  extraor- 
dinary changes  that  have  taken  place  in 
the  drainage  courses  formed  in  the  older 
sedimentary  rocks  by  the  ordinary  agen- 
cies that  are  now  in  operation.  The  opin- 
ion entertained  by  most  miners  to  account 
Fig:    17.7. 


for  shallow  auriferous  deposits  on  the  hill, 
is,  that  they  are  of  more  recent  date  than 
the  gold  in  the  drifts  of  the  valleys,  and 
are  the  results  of  a  later  disintegration  of 
rich  quartz  veins  in  their  immediate  vicin- 
ity, which  has  caused  the  gold  to  lodge  on 
the  slopes  of  the  hills  directly  under  these 
veins.  This  view  may  be  correct  with  re- 
gard to  those  surface  deposits  of  gold 
which  do  not  lie  directly  upon  the  bed- 
rock; but  it  does  not  appear  to  be  so  in 
this  instance,  as  they  are  found  in  imme- 
diate contact  with  the  silurian  strata,  and 
the  water  course  character  of  the  gold 
and  quartz  detritus  indicates  that  they 
have  been  subjected  to  the  same  friction 
and  disturbance  as  the  shingle  and  gravel 
drifts  of  the  valleys. 


Careless  Blasting. — We  have  had  to 
record  in  our  list  of  mining  accidents  this 
week  two  different  ones  that  recently  hap- 
pened, both  from  the  same  cause,  that  of 
going  back  to  a  faulty  blast  before  it  was 
time.  When  a  shot  does  not  go  off  prop- 
erly, it  is  only  after  the  utmost  precautions 
have  been  taken  and  a  proper  delay,  that 
miners  should  approach  the  spot.  Shots 
have  been  known  to  go  off  fully  ten  min- 
utes after  they  had  been  lighted.  Num- 
bers of  dreadful  accidents  have  happened 
in  consequence  of  too  great  haste  on  the 
part  of  the  miner  in  his  anxiety  to  return 
to  his  post,  to  draw  the  charge.  In  many 
districts  in  Europe  this  is  not  allowed; 
there  new  holes  have  to  be  made.  If  no 
such  rule  exists  here,  there  should  be 
some  regulations  made  by  superintendents 
as  to  the  length  of  time  employes  should 
wait  before  returning  to  the  hole.  Acci- 
dents from  this  cause  are  of  so  frequent 
occurence  that  there  should  be  some  pre- 
ventive applied  at  once. 

James  C.  Conkot,  the  senior  member 
of  the  firm  of  Conroy  &  O'Connor,  a  well- 
known  house  in  this  city,  died  at  his  resi- 
dence in  San  Rafael  on  Tuesday. 


Patents 


NVENTIONS. 


Full    List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to 
Pacific  Coast  Inventors. 

[Fbov  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  A  CO.,  TJ.  8.  and 
Foukiqk  Patent  Agents,  and  Pcbushebb    of 

Till:   SCIXNTD7tO  I'KESS.J 

Foe  the  Week  Ending  December  26. 

Saw  Collar.— Frank  A.  Huntington,  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

Shingle  Ma  chine.—  Frank  A.  Hunting- 
ton, San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Lamp. — Emil  Boeseh,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Note.— Copir s  of  U.  8.  and  Foreign  PateDts  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  In  the  shortest  time  possible  bv  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  iiiv.-ntors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  iu  much  less  tinte  than  by  any  other 
agency. 

Report  of  the  Sutro  Tunnel  Commis- 
sion.— The  report  of  the  Sutro  Tunnel 
Commission  was  transmitted  to  the  Senate 
on  the  9th  inst.  The  Commissioners  re- 
port that  the  tunnel  is  entirely  feasible 
and  may  be  constructed  in  less  than  two 
and  a  half  years  at  a  cost  of  about  $4,500,- 
000.  They  believe  that  the  Comstock  is  a 
true  fissure  vein,  continuing  downwards 
indefinitely,  and  express  an  opinion  that, 
while  the  tunnel  is  not  a  necessity  for  ven- 
tilation or  draining,  yet  any  scheme  which 
promises  increased  economy  in  the  work- 
ing of  the  mines  and  rendering  valuable  a 
vast  amount  of  now  worthless  low  grade 
ores  in  the  Comstock  lode,  becomes  of 
national  importance.  Whether  the  Sutro 
Tunnel  project  will  fulfil  this  condition 
of  economy,  depends  upon  the  efficacy 
of  the  methods  now  employed  in  Germany 
and  other  countries  of  JEurope  for  the 
concentration  and  profitable  working  of 
low  grade  ores.  On  this  point  the  Com- 
missioner has  not  in  this  country  by  per- 
sonal  investigation  been  able  to  obtain 
the  desired  information.  In  conclusion, 
the  report  commends  the  Sutro  Tunnel  to 
favorable  consideration  as  an  exploring 
work  for  deep  mining. 

Mining  Sales. — It  is  reported  that  the 
Lexington  mine  in  Little  Cottonwood 
Canon,  TJ.  T.,  has  been  sold  to  S.  G.  Phil- 
ips of  London  for  $75,000.  The  former 
owners  were  Messrs.  Connor,  Moore, 
Pierson  and  Laurence. 

The  Prussian  Hill  mine  near  Railroad 
Flat,  Calaveras  Co.,  is  also  reported  sold 
to  a  San  Francisco  Co. 

The  Santa  Maria  mine,  Cerro  Gordo 
District,  Inyo  Co. ,  has  been  sold  by  the 
sheriff  in  execution  for  $100,011  to  sat- 
isfy judgment  for  $97,000,  the  purchaser 
being  P.  W.  Bennet.  The  Inyo  Independ- 
ent thinks  that  Mr.  Dorr,  the  former  own- 
er, will  redeem  the  property. 

The  Jackson  Ledger  says  that  a  report  is  - 
current  in  the  neighborhood  that  two  im- 
portant sales  of  quartz  mines  have  been 
affected  to  an  English  Co.  The  mines 
are  the  Kennedy,  near  Jackson,  for  $150,- 
000,  and  the  Amador,  or  Hayward  mine, 
at  Sutter  at  $300  per  share,  aggregating  for 
the  last  named  mine  the  sum  of  $1,140,- 
000. 


Original  and  Solid. — Contrary  to  ordinary 
custom,  much  of  the  original  matter  in  the 
Press  is  set  solid,  iu  order  to  give  the  readers 
as  much  information  as  possible.  Hence  some 
of  our  neighbors  have  often  failed  to  give  us 
credit  in  copying  original  articles.  For  in- 
stance, we  find  the  Humboldt  Better  crediting 
our  article  "Saee  Brush  as  a  Fertilizer"  to  the 
Reese  River  Reveille.  Written  for  us  by  a  very 
intelligent  and  observing  lady,  it  was  probably 
taken  by  the  Reveille  without  credit.  We  have 
foreborn  noticing  such  instances  heretofore, 
although  we  frequently  meet  with  them,  pre- 
ferring to  see  our  articles  traveling  abroad, 
without  credit,  rather  than  staying  at  home. 
We  are  aware  that  such  things  are  sometimes 
the  result  of  inadvertence,  as  we  have  learned 
in  our  own  experience.  Probably  this  might 
have  been  such  a  case.  We  simply  rise  to  ex- 
idaiu — that's  all. 

W.  R.  Eckabt,  C.  E.,  recently  returned 
to  San  Francisco  from  the  East.  Mr.  E. 
happened  to  be  one  of  the  snow-bound 
passengers  delayed  on  the  TJ.  P.  R.  R.  He 
suggests  the  plan  of  elevating  the  snow 
and  conveying  and  discharging  it  at  a  suit- 
able distance  from  the  track  by  use  of  two 
conveying  screws  placed  one  on  each  side  of 
the  locomotive,  the  forward  ends  approach- 
ing each  other  in  V  form  so  as  to  receive 
snow  from  a  properly  shaped  snow-plow. 
The  screws  to  be  worked  by  connection 
with  the  engine. 


26 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  13,  1872. 


JOMESTIC     ECONOMY. 


How  to  Make  a  Coal  Fire. 

The  art  of  making  and  maintaining  a 
Goal  fire  properly  is  possessed  by  but  few. 
We  believe  that  there  would  be  a  sensible 
diminution  in  the  number  of  domestic 
quarrels  and  soured  tempers,  if  a  knowl- 
edge of  it  were  more  general.  Husbands 
would  not  have  to  growl  and  scold  over  so 
many  late  dinners,  nor  wives  fret  them- 
selves to  skin  and  bone  over  obstinate 
fires  that  will  neither  bake,  roast,  nor  boil. 

There  are  many  faults  in  the  usual  con- 
struction of  a  coal  "fire.  A  common  fault 
is  to  use  too  coarse  wood  for  kindling,  and 
too  much  of  it.  This,  while  it  generally 
succeeds  in  lighting  the  coal,  leaves  a  bed 
of  ashes  below  the  coal  which  inteferes 
with  the  draft  unless  raked  out.  The 
wood  should  be  of  some  rapidly  burning 
variety  which  gives  a  quick  and  high  hea  t, 
and  should  be  split  fine.  It  should  be  so 
placed  that  the  coal  will  remain  on  the  top 
of  it  and  not  fall  through  to  the  grate, 
leaving  the  kindling  on  the  top  of  any 
part  of  the  coal.  A  good  rule,  where 
stoves  or  furnaces  have  a  good  draft,  is  to 
use  coal  as  small  as  can  be  used  without 
inconvenience  from  its  sitting  too  freely 
through  the  grate. 

Grates  should  have  their  bars  closely 
set  for  stoves  that  are  cleaned  out  daily, 
and  have  fires  lighted  in  them  each  morn- 
ing, while  those  which  are  intended  to 
have  firea  kept  in  them  continuously  for 
days  and  weeks  will  not  admit  of  fine 
grates,  on  account  of  the  accumulation  of 
ashes  and  small  "clinkers." 

There  is  much  difference  in  coal  in  re- 
gard to  the  formation  of  clinkers.  These 
are  nothing  but  vit:idedB  or  partially  vit- 
rified earthy  matters,  and  only  can  form 
when  a  high  heat  is  maintained  ;  they  are 
apt  to  be  troublesome  when  there  is  too 
great  a  draft.  A  coal  stove  or  furnace 
should,  therefore,  be  so  constructed  that 
its  draft  can  be  perfectly  controlled. 
The  bottom  draft  should  admit  of  being 
closed  air-tight,  as  nearly  as  is  possible  to 
make  it,  and  there  ought  always  be  provis- 
ion made  for  a  top  draft.  If,  however, 
the  draft  of  a  chimney  should  be  so  strong 
that  air  in  too  great  quantities  is  drawn  in 
at  the  bottom  when  the  dampers  are  closed, 
a  damper  in  the  pipe,  which  will  close  it 
partially,  must  be  employed,  though  in 
sluggish  chimneys  such  a  damper  is  apt 
to  force  the  gases  of  combustion  into  the 
room,  and  therefore  it  ought  always  to  be 
avoided  when  possible. 

The  practice  of  putting  ashes  on  the  top 
of  a  fire  to  keep  it,  is  very  productive  of 
clinkers,  although  it  answers  very  well  in 
other  respects.  Damp  coal  screenings  are 
better,  and  may  be  economically  burned 
in  this  manner.  If  a  ccal  fire  gets  very 
low,  the  quickest  way  to  extinguish  it  is 
to  rake  it  at  the  bottom.  To  preserve  a 
fire  under  such  circumstances,. a  little  coal 
should  be  placed  on  the  fire,  and  when  it 
has  caught,  more  may  be  added,  and  the 
raking- deferred  untilit  has  got  well  ignited. 
When  the  fire  bricks  have  become  bur- 
dened with  clinkers  which  have  fused  and 
adhered,  they  may  be  cleaned  by  throwing 
oyster  or  elam  shells  into  the  fire  box 
when  the  fire  is  very  hot,  and  allowing 
the  fire  to  go  out.  The  clinkers  will  gen- 
erally cleave  off  without  the  use  of  much 
force  the  next  moruing.  From  two  quarts 
to  one-half  a  peck  will  be  sufficient  for 
most  stoves,  and  the  operation  can  be 
repeated  if  some  of  the  clinkers  still  ad- 
here. 


Water-Proof  Boot  Soles. 

If  hot  tar  is  applied  to  boot  soles,  it  will 
make  them  water-proof.  Let  it  be  as  hot 
as  leather  will  bear  without  injury,  ap- 
plied with  a  swab,  and  drying  in  the  fire. 
The  operation  may  be  repeated  two  or 
three  times  during  the  winter,  if  neces- 
sity. It  makes  the  surface  of  the  leather 
quite  hard,  so  that  it  wears  longer,  as  well 
as  keeps  the  water  out.  It  is  a  good  plan 
to  provide  boots  for  winter  during  the 
summer,  and  prepare  the  soles  by  tarring, 
as  they  will  then  become,  before  they  are 
wanted  to  wear,  almost  as  firm  as  horn, 
and  wear  twice  as  long  as  those  unpre- 
pared. 

Ten  years  ago,  says  a  correspondent  of 
the  Country  Gentleinrw,,  I  met  with  a  di- 
rection similar  to  the  above,  and  with 
some  hesitation  I  concluded  to  have  it 
tried  on  the  soles  of  a  pair  of  field  boots. 
By  a  piece  of  superarrogance,  a  pair  of 
thin-soled  morocco  boots  was  tarred  with 
the  others,  the  soles  being  saturated  and 
the  seaming  too,  all  round,  including  the 
lower  rim  of   the  morocco   all   round   the 


soles.  As  these  boots  are  doing  service 
yet,  and  have  been  much  used  every  sum- 
mer during  the  ten  years,  I  mention  the 
fact  because  it  furnishes  what  I  then 
wished  for,  namely,  a  proof  that  the  tar 
would  not  burn  or  otherwise  hurt  the 
leather.  The  soles  remain  like  horn,  and 
have  never  required  any  repair,  and  even 
the  thin  upper  apparently  cracked  in  a!I 
directions  from  the  first,  has  never  torn 
but  a  little  on  one  boot,  at  the  bend  on  the 
outer  side  of  the  foot.  It  has  been  oiled 
but  once  each  summer,  but  the  soles  re- 
ceived only  the  one  thorough  tarring. 
Boot  soles  will  take  the  tar  best  after  hav- 
ing the  grain  worn  off  slightly.  It  soon 
dries  in,  if  exposed  to  the  sun,  and  the 
odor,  even  of  gas  tar,  is  quickly  overcome 
by  the  all  conquering  effects  of  dry  earth. 
A  short  walk  over  a  fallow  field  will  re- 
move it,  completely,  and  make  it  entirely 
unnecessary  ,  to  imitate  the  eastern  cus- 
tom of  taking  off  the  boots  at  the  house 
entrance,  unless  there  be  some  other  rea- 
son for  it  than  fresh  tarred  soles. 


Out  Door  Cellab. — In  the  first  place, 
select  the  most  elevated  spot  of  ground 
conveniently  near  to  your  dwelling  house 
and  throw  out  the  dirt  to  the  depth  of  two 
feet.  Build  a  double  brick  wall  at  the 
base  of  the  excavation,  leaving  a  vacant 
space  of  six  inches,  between  the  walls, 
which  should  be  tied  at  the  corners  and 
several  places  in  the  sides,  being  careful, 
however,  to  leave  vacant  places  for  vent 
holes,  to  admit  a  free  circulation  of  air 
thronghout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
walls.  The  night  of  the  walls  when  com- 
pleted, nine  feet  from  base  to  top.  The 
surplus  dirt,  banked  up,  on  outside  four 
feet  in  hight.  Floor  overhead,  two 
thicknes  of  well  seasoned,  matched  floor- 
ing, and  cover  the  whole  with  good 
shingles;  construct  a  flue  extending  up- 
wards and  at  the  top  of  the  building,  to 
allow  impure  air  to  escape.  A  drain 
should  be  constructed  by  which  any  water 
which  might  penetrate,  would  run  off.  Of 
course  a  proper  floor  should  be  construct- 
ed for  the  cellar/ 

A  correspondent  of  the  Prairie  Farmer 
Says  he  has  used  such  cellars  for  upwards 
of  twelve  years  and  ever  found  them  sure 
depositories  for  fruits  and  vegetables 
in  winter,  and  for  milk,  butter,  etc.,  in 
summer. 


Mechanical  Hints. 


Many  mechanics  complain  of  inability 
to  set  a  machine  to  be  driven  at  right 
angles  from  the  line  or  counter-shaft,  with* 
out  continual  trouble  with  friction  from 
the  shifter  on  the  belt,  and  the  slipping  of 
the  belt  to  the  tight  or  loose 'pulley.  The 
operation  is  a  simple  one,  and  just  as  ef- 
fectual as  to  drive  in  a  direct  perpendicu- 
lar or  horizontal.  Take  the  center  of  the 
off  or  contributing  side  of  your  drive  pul- 
ley and  drop  from  it  a  plummet;  let  this 
line  decide  the  center  and  perpendicular  of 
the  side  of  the  tight  and  loose  pullies 
which  takes  your  belt  at  a  right  angle  be- 
low. Unless  your  eye  is  accustomed  to  the 
angles  which  are  given  to  the  appearance 
of  the  belt,  from  either  side,  you  will  con-  i 
demn  the  position  without  trying,  but  if 
you  are  careful  to  get  an  exact  perpendic- 
ular in  the  manner  described  there  can  be 
no  mistake. — Am.  Manufacturer. 

To  Impeove  Woods. — An  ingenious 
Frenchman  has  invented  a  process  for 
treating  common  woods,  which  makes  them 
of  a  closer  texture,  harder  grain,  and 
greater  density,  and  so  enables  the  cheaper 
kinds  of  wood  to  take  a  polish.  The  mode 
is  as  follows:  The  surface  is  first  planed 
perfectly  smooth,  and  then  rubbed  with 
diluted  nitrous  acid.  An  ounce  and  a  half 
of  dragon's  blood,  dissolved  in  half  a  piut 
of  spirits  of  wine,  and  half  an  ounce  of 
carbonate  of  soda  are  mixed  together  and 
filtered;  and  the  liquid  is  then  laid  on  the 
wood  with  a  soft  brush.  The  treatment 
should  be  repeated  after  a  short  interval, 
and  the  wood  will  then  possess  the  out- 
ward appearance  of  mahogany.  If  the  pol- 
ish is  not  sufficiently  brilliant,  rubbing 
with  cold  drawn  linseed  oil  will  improve  it. 

White  Lines  in  Cabinet  Wobk.— The 
Chinese  are  supposed  to  use  a  combina- 
tion of  rice  gluten  and  fresh  shell  lime  in 
their  inimitable  white  work;  indeed,  they 
use  rice  paste  made  by  pounding  boiled 
rice  into  a  sticky  mass,  for  a  great  number 
of  purposes.  Rice,  when  pounded  as 
above,  with  a  little  plaster  of  Paris,  is  a 
capital  substance  for  inlaying.  In  Eu- 
rope, isinglass,  dissolved  in  a  strong  white 
spirit,  and  any  pale  coloring  ingredient 
added,  constitutes  artificial  ivory.  The 
dust  of  ivory,  bone,  box,  or  holly,  made 
up  with  gelatine  into  paste,  is  also  used. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPOETEBS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  iimd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

"WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  "Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Imp  roved,  Lined  -with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muflks,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Pcorifl. 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annenling  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Load  Crucibles  aud  Covers— 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard 
ware    a  full  assortment, 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi- 
cally pure. 

Bi  Carb  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  AsheB,  Lithatee. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam. 
Sulphate  of  Copper.  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
B^"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  valrte 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Graius  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAXLOR  &  CO. 


THE    CALIFORNIA 
Safety  Gas  Lamp. 

This  New  Gas  Lamp  takes  the 
place  of  the  Candle,  the  Coal  Oil 
Lamp  and  Coal  Gas,  and  costs  only 
One-Half  Cent  per  Hour. 
Any  person  who  will  take  the 
trouble  to  examine  this  Lamp  care- 
fully, will  sea  that  it  will  not  ex- 
plode. 

The  fl  ame  is)  as  white  and  brilliant 
as  coal  gas,  and  produces  neither 
Smoke  nor  Smell.    No  etUMNEt  is 
Requihed. 
It  makes  its  own  gas  as  fast  as  it  is  required,  and  when 
the  light  is  blown  out  the  gas  ceases  to  be  generated. 
One  Burner  is  Equal  to  Six  Candles. 
This  Lamp  burns  Refined  Petroleum,  Gasoline,  Dan- 
forth's  Oil  or  Taylor's  Safety  Fluid.     Oil  expressly  pre- 
pared for  the  Lamp  furnished  by  the  -undersigned  in 
quantities  to  suit.  WIESTER  &  CO., 

17  Ne-w  Montgomery  street,  Grand  Hotel,  S.F. 


J.    R.    ANDREWS, 

SUCCESSOR  TO 
3P\    MANSELL    &    CO., 

House    and     Sign     Painters, 

412   PINE   STREET,    SAN   FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  St. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental Sign  "Wort. 


Country  Orxlex'S  A-ttoncLecl  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     Dispatch. 
26v23-3m-bp 


Mechanics7  Institute. 

Entrance  27  Post  Street  (bet.  Kearny  and]  Montgomery) , 
'  SAN    FRANCISCO. 

The  Library  of  Reference,  the  Library,  Reading  Room 
and  Chess  Room  are  open  from  8  a.m.  until  10  p.m.  every 
day,  (except  Sundays  and  Legal  Holidays) . 

The  Society  possesses  a  Library  of  18,000  volumes— 
the  most  valuable  technical  and  scientific  library  on  the 
Coast,  embracing  the  transactions  of  the  leading  Scien- 
tific Societies  of  the  United  States  and  Europe,  {among 
which  are  the  philosophical  transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Great  Britain,  complete),  and  the  standard, 
scientific  and  technical  works;  and  is  in  immediate  re- 
ceipt of  all  new  standards  publications. 

The  Reading  Room  is  supplied  with  the  current  peri- 
odicals and  newspapers  of  the  day. 

The  Mechanics'  Institute  is  open  to  all,  and  th- 
Trustees  will  be  pleased  to  have  visitors  and  others  ine 
spect  the  Rooms. 

Entrance  Fee,  $1.00.  Quarterly  Dues  (in  advance) 
$1.50.    Life  Membership,  $50. 


VICk'8 

FLORAL    GUIDE     FOR    1872. 

Over  One  Hundred  Pages, 

Printed  in  Two  Coloiis,  on  superb  Tinted  Paper.  Foun 
Hundred  Engravings  of  Flowers,  Plants  and  Vegeta- 
bles, with  Descriptions,  and 

TWO    COLORED    PLATES. 

Directions  and  plans  for  making  Walks,  Lawns,  Gar- 
dens, etc.  The  handsomest  aud  best  FLORAL  GUIDE 
in  the  World.  All  for  Ten  Cents,  to  those  who  think 
of  buying  Seeds.  Not  a  quarter  the  cost.  200,000  sold 
of  1871.     Address  JAMES  VICE, 

22v23  Rochester,  N .  T. 


New   Gas    Light. 


WIESTER  &  CO.,  17  New  Montgomery  street, 
no25-sa  (Grand  Hotel),  SaD  Francisco. 


Longshore's  Combination  Tool. 


This  device  is  jiist  what  its  name  indicates.  An  a 
Kitchen  Tool  it  is  indispensable  It  will  fit  and  lift 
with  perfect  safety,  any  Stove  Lid,  Frying  Pan,  Pie  Pan, 
Pot,  Kettle,  or  any  other  vessel  or  dish  used  about  a 
stove.  It  is  a  complete  tool  for  stretching  carpets, 
driving  tacks,  pulling  tacks,  &c,  &c.  It  answers  the 
double  purpose  ol  hammer  aud  pincers,  and  is  also  a 
good  Nut  Cracker.  It  is  made  of  the  best  malleable 
iron,  and  the  Hammer,  Pincers  and  tack  puller,  are  all 
hardened  so  :is  to  stand  the  roughest  usage.  An  Agent 
is  wanted  in  every  town  on  the  Pacific  Coast  to  sell  this 
valuable  little  implement.  Retail  price  fifty  cents. 
"WIESTER  &  CO., 
17  New  Montgomery  street  (Grand  Hotel), 

San  Francisco. 


BEAD     THIS.. 


HL 


A  POLISHING  AND  FLUTING  IRON  that  should  be 
in  every  house  in  California.  It  flutes  collars,  cuffs  and 
ruffles  of  every  description,  without  injury  to  the  finest 
fabrics.  As  a  Polishing  Iron  it  cannot  be  excelled, 
being  made  of  the  best  material  and  highly  polished. 
The  fluting  of  the  Iron  is  made  of  finely  polished  brass, 
which  adds  much  to  the  beauty  as  well  as  the  utility  of 
the  article.  We  want  a  few  good  agents  and  will  be 
pleased  to  receive  communications  from  persons  who 
mean  business.  WIESTER  &  CO., 

17  New  Montgomery  st.  (Grand  Hotel) ,  S.  F. 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY. 

109  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,    Caskets,   Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 


12v*3-3m 


J.  "W.  TAYLOR,  A^ent. 


A.  J.  SMITH, 
PLUMB  ER, 

—AND— 

Manufacturer  of  Pumps  and  "Water  Closets, 

No.  220  Fremont  street,  opposite  Fulton  and  iEtna 

J~on  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

18v23-Sro 


GILES  H. GBAY.  JAMBB  M.   HATE5. 

&RAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

En  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.,  N.  E.  corner  Call- 

rornlaan<   Leldesdortl  streets, 

RAW  FRANOICO. 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGAN'S  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30) ,  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HALLrDIE,  519  Front  street,  S.  F. 


San    Francisco    Wire    Works, 

NO.  liG5  MISSION  STREET, 

Near  Third  Street San  Francisco. 

C.  H.  GRTJENHAGEN  &  CO, 


January  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


27 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BROWNE, 

Onioo,  >ro.  -l."5  MoiitKomory  Block, 

Ham  Faincisco,  Cal. 


Spectacles   My   Specialty. 


^s 


0.  mi  i.i.kii.  Optician, 

206  Montgoiu.ry  Ntr.  •  t.  Ku.s  Block. 

JOHN   BOAOH,  Optician, 

Hai  removed  from    ill   Montgomery  it  reel  to 
."»lO  Wit«hlnKtoa  •Crert, 

Ka»i  of  Munri;  . 
Hurvryintc  IiKtrtiniviit^  nia.tr,   repaired  and  adjusted 

Ufl3*9sa 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 


SURGEON. 


No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 


Farmers  and  Mechanics 
BANK    OF    H  AV  I  IN  O  N  , 

N<>.    -■'-".  s;ui Mlrevt. 

Intereat  paid  on  Deposits.     Money  Loaned  on  Keai  Entalc. 
if.  DUTTOH,  President. 

OBO,  M    COSOKE    Cwhler.  19vl6-3m 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL     HA.WYKU, 

R"0.  186  Uranium  Btnet San  FltAWCISCO. 

Aud  No.  'J  Q  St.,  bet.  First  aud  Second, 


Sivj'Mf 


S.UIHM:  NTOi 


VII.    BARTI.IBC. 


lll'NKr    KtMRALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDER,*, 

Paper  Eulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

.~>t».»  lliiy  street,  {Hnulhwpst  tor.  SuDAome), 
l&vlMm  SAN  FRANOISI'O. 

SA.IV    FRANCISCO 

COEDAG  E     C  OMPiNY. 

MntilU  Hope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 

I roririLintly  OH  bond.     Tarred  Manila  Mining  Hopes 

of  any  size  and  length  mAnnfaotiired  to  order. 
TUBES  k  CO.,  Agents, 

26  611  and  f.i :;  Brunt  street. 


JOSEPH    GILLOTT'S 

STEELPENS. 
SoMliyull  De/il.T^  Ihr  .nu-li....!  Ih"  Wut-Ul. 


J.  F.  PAG-ES, 

SUAI.      ENGRATEK, 
AID  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  6O8  Sacramento  street, 
Ban  Francisco.    Orders  l>y  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

This  Favorite  House  is  located  on  Jackson  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery;  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.  The  International  Coach  will 
be  at  oach  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In- 
termtlional  Hotel,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Hotel 
free,  and  to  any  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates. 
F  E.  WETdGANT  &  H.  C.  PARTRIDGE, 

24v22-3m  Proprietors. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 

Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    S41     KEAKKY    STKEET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  aud  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
"fvl  Ki-.u.-ii  hai'ms  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


The    Merchants'  Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN     F  It  A  A  CISCO.  ft3 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS ITcBldent. 

B.  N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE. 
o.  415    CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

25v20-qy 

STEINWAY  &  SONS' 
Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 
8   OKAHD,  'SatJAEE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let.  f§^SPP! 


A.    HEYMAN, 

p  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
Opposite,  old  Capitol,  SacbamentP. 


Eastern  Advertisements. 

STOUT,    MILLS    &    TEMPLE, 

PKnPKlKTOItS  or  TUE 

GLOBE     IKON     WORKS, 

DAYTON.    OHIO. 

Hydraulic 

ENGINEERS, 

Patentees 

AND 

Manufacturers 

Pit    cfiit.    ut    Power    guaranteed 

Or  THE  i.|oal  tu  any  Overshot  Wli.-.-l, 

American   Turbine  Water  Wheel, 

MILL  GEARING  AND  SHAFTING 

Of  all  Descriptions,  and  General  Mill  Furulfhlug. 

Watt  r  PoWLTK  Kstlmnttd  tmd  Plans  Furnished. 

A.  L.  STOUT,  W.  M.  MILLS,  J.  TEMPLE. 

Send  for  !»■  s,  riptivi-  Circular.  22v23-3in-sa 


OVER    300    IN     USE. 

BEST    IN    THE    MARKET. 

Engines,    Pumps,    Etc.,    Manufactured    and. 
on  Hand. 

tST  For  pamphlets  and  testimonials  address 

ROOT  STEAM  ENGINE  CO., 
Twenty-eighth  Street,  roruer  Second  Avenue, 
20v22-eow-26t  New  Yolk. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Fig.  2        Fie/,  2  Fitj.  3  Tig.  4- 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs, Emery  Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  21th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1S70.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  114  Nassau  St..  N.  T. 


SELF-OILER8. 
WATERS' 

PATENTED  October  21, 1862; 
July  6,  1867;  July  28  and  Sept. 
22.  1868,  and  June  20,  1869. 

Glass  reservoir,  with  white 
metal  coupling  cast  on. 

Substantial  brass  stem,  with 
graduating  plug — V  slot  on 
one  side,  os  shown  in  magni- 
fied cut— in  the  top. 

The  best  aud  cheapest 
OILEIt  in  the  market;  perfect 
lubrication  on  loose  pulleys  and  all  kinds  of  bearings. 
Any  kind  of  Oil  in  any  kind  of  weather.  Price,  $4.50 
per  dozen    Liberal  discount  to  agents  and  to  the  trade. 

WATERS    k    CO., 
nol8-3m      164  Elm  st,  near  Fourth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    KEEVES    &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bridges,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Etc. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album    of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli 
cation  to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila 
delphia.  ap8-ly 


Situation  as  Chemist  Wanted. 

The  undersigned,  having  completed  the  working 
course  of  Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College,  Easton,  Pa., 
including  Dry  Assay  of  Ores  and  Blowpipe  Analysis, 
desires  a  situation  requiring  a 

Practical  Knowledge  of  Chemistry. 
By  permission  refers  to  Dr.  Traill  Green,  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College. 

B.  CHAMBERS,  Jr.. 
20v23-3in  CUamberaburg.Pa. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y. 

MK'lUWl    OLM^f-.. 

ninsbrnted    PriM    List    sent    free. 

Ma«-ic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catoh'uuc.    priced    &Dd   illustrated,    sent    fne. 

McALLISil.H.  Optician.  IB  Nassau  street,  New  York 

Jv-JiMy 


The  California  Powder  Works 

So.    311    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

SAN  FRAXCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING. 

And    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FItOM  Till' 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  receivd  and  transported 
Into  the  Interior,  Is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
row  <lays  of  the  time  ot  its  manufacture,  and  is  lneveiy 
waj  superior  to  any  otner  Powder  in  Murket. 

Vie  have  been  awarded  successively 

Tlireo     Gold    M.-<1;i1m 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
ltli ti.ti K\L  SOCIETY    lor   the    aupcriority   of  our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  Btrong  explosive 
OOW  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blabtin 
eo.vDEn,  tints  mukiug  it  vastly  superior  to  auy  other 
nonipound  uow  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow 
ocr  can  bo  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-8m  JOHN  F.  LOUSE.  Secretary. 


LEl    &    PERKINS' 

CEL.KU  RATED 

Worcestershire    Sauce, 

Declared  by  Connois- 
seurs to  be  the  only  good 
O  Sauce     The  success  of 
>    this  most  delicious  and 
m    unrivalled     Condiment 
o    having  caused    certain 
'    dealers    to    apply    the 
p    name  of  "Worcestershire  Sauce"  to  their 
own  inferior  compounds,  the  public  is 
hereby  informed   that  the  only  way  to 
secure  the  genuine  is  to  abk  for  Lea  It 
Pkj.rinb'    Sauce,    and    see    that    their 
names    are.    upon    the  wrapper,   labels, 
stopper  and  bottle. 

Some  of  the  foreign  markets  having 
been  supplied  with  a  spurious  Worcester- 
shire sauce,  upon  the  wrapper  aDd  labels 
of  which  the  names  of  Lea  and  Perrins  have  been 
forged,  L  aud  P.  give  notice  that  they  have  furnished 
their  correspondents  with  power  of  attorney  to  take  in- 
stHiit  proceedings  against  manufacturers  aud  vendors  of 
such,  or  any  other  imitations  by  which  their  right  may 
be  infringed. 

Ask  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Snuce  and  see  name  on 
wrapper,  label,  bottle  and  s'opper 

Wholesale  and  for  export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worces- 
ter; Crosse  &  Blackwell,  London,  kc,  &c.j  and  by 
Grocers  and  Oilmen  universally.  Agents,  CROSS  & 
CO.,  San  Francisco.  lv22-lyoow 


FA-TtlWCER,©  and   MECHANICS 

Are  especially  invited  to  call  and  see  a  Model  of  the 

Self-Opening     and    Self-Closing     Gate, 

The  Simplest  and  Most  Practicable  now  in  use. 

—ALSO  THE— 

Verticle  and  Straight  Mould-Board  Plow, 

Which  is  Cheaper  of  Construction,  opens  its  furrow 

Wider  and  Cleaner,  and  with  20  per  cent. 

Le6S  Draft  than  ordinary  Plows 

of  the  same  cut. 

These  Plows  are  being  manufactured  TO  ORDER  by 
HILL  k  KNAUGH,  of  Marysville,  and  S.  CONRAD,  of 
Petaluma.    RightB  for  sale  by 

WIESTER  &  CO., 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOR— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  "Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
25v23-tf 


CUNDURANG0. 


BLISS.  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cnncer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheum,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  tho  Genuine  Cumin- 
rango  Bark,  1'roni  Lo.ja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  t-be  assist- 
ance of  the  authorities  of  trrit  country.  It  is  the  mos- 
effeciive,  prompt  and  certain  al'erative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
iug  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  10  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v23-3tti 


Travelers'  Guide. 


CENTRAL   PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 


OVERLAND    TRAINS. 


Bxpn  >^ 
Daily,  via 

Uar.loi.ui. 

Express 
Valfejo. 

Oec.  O, 

IfTl. 

Rxpress 

Daily,  via 
Vallejo. 

Daily. 

LEAVE 

1.00  1  M 

leav'£  ' 

UO    1  M 

.  .San  Francisco — 

AKBIVE. 
1.30  r  H 

AlllUVK. 
h.'JIt  p  M 

JM  A  u 



B.30  i-  m 

II. SI  AM 

10.30  A  Hi. 

12.60  p. 
2.00  i-  m 
ME  r  H 

1J..6AM 

9-lttAM 
12.00  IC    . 

mopmJ. 

ftW  AM'. 
ABH1VF-. 



..Davis 

■Beno 

.wianemaocs 

.  .llaltlc  MuuiHain 

sTopu 

2.3W  B  M 
lOSO  pi) 
2.10  am 
U5PM 

1.2WM 

B.45  a  m 
5.20  f  ii 
LRAVE' 

L22  V  M 

LIS  I'M 

AiLIUM  . 

s? 

SJ5  r  m 
LSAVK. 

i 

■d 

& 

San  Francisco  and  San  Jose. 


7.10  FM 

8.30  P  m 
ABKIVL. 


3.WI  I  M 
LIU  fu 
\30  PI 


. .  .Sari  Francisco. 

..  Nllei 

. .  .Sjui  Jose 


.'.BltlVt. 

10.40  a  M 


6.30  PM 
1.10  I'M 
LEAVE. 


San  Pi-ancisco,  Stockton  and  Modesto. 

lea™.      i  innirE. 

•I, (Hi  I'M.     T.lll  am| Sun  rrai.cisco..!     O.flO  PMl*12.40  PM 

H,1U  I'M     ILOfi  a  M   ...  L«tliro|>.. t.iii  I'M      8.10  AM 

9.20  i'  m|    5.!WPMi....MOQceto  I 7.00  \  M 


Sacramento,  Marysville  and  Tehama. 


I    LEAVE. 
2.33  PM 
3.2&PW 
.     S.l.'.l-M 

am  i-  m 

9.30  I'M 
1  ABBIVR. 


...Saoramem 
..  .Junction. 
...MarjBville 
...Teliaiim... 

...Kfl  Blull liOOAM 

I    LEAVE.   1   LSAVK, 


.ulki\i-:.| 
LOS  I'M 

\-i.\SVM\ 

10.20  AM 

e\no . 


AKBIVE 

•J.I'iPM 
i.85  v  v 

I'.', (HI  PM 
ft.  30  A  M 


OAKLAND  URANCH.-LEAVi:  Saw  FitANdsro.  7  •»*' 
8  Id,  !i'J  ,  in  111  mid  II  JO  a.  m..  VI  ill,  I  UK  :i  nO,  i  lilt,  ,r.  1.  ,  i>;hi.  m  \( 
9.20  and  *113tlp.  m.    (9  20,  II  Wand  3  Oil  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brohklyn,  *5  3ii.  h  411,  7  M,  ii  00  ttDd  11  UU  a.  in.,  1  30. 
2  40,  4  M,  6  10,  7.40  mid  10  10  p.  m. 

Leavk  Oaki.anm,  *,t  40,  fSH,  MOO.  9  10.  1000,  and  1110  a. 
m..  1200,  140,  2.W.  3. W,. 10ft.  ti  20,  T.ftO  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.- Lnwr.  San  I'liANcinCO,  7  20,  900, 
and  11  15  a.  m„  1  311.  4  00,  5  30  and  7  00  p.  m.  (7  20.  11  1ft  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Ll'.»VE  HaXWaBUS,  "4  30,  7  00  and  I0  45n.  m„  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  V.vle,  Ti  2\  7  3,'i,  yoound  1120  a.  m.,  130, 
4 05 nod  ft 30  p.m.  


CALIFORNIA    PACIFIC    RAILROAD. 


8.30  A  M 

■I.    II   I'M 

+8.30  A  U 


10.30  A  M 
bASeu 

huh  a  m 


"I.*)  I'M 

H.\r,  rn 

1.00  PM 


■4.00  PM 
10*5  P  u 

ftir-  i-M 


Leave 
Calistoga. 


*t.30AMl  6.00amI 
2  30  i-M  *ll.:in  A  Ml 
Itll).4".  A  mI 


7-ftO  A  M 
•2.15  i-M 
3.00  i'  M 


Sacramento,  Davis  and  MarysviUe. 

Leave 
S.  Fran. 

Leave 
Sacra'lo. 

Leave 
Davis: 

Arrive 
"Wood' Id 

Arrive 
Mar'ville 

8.30  A  M 
*4.00  P  M 
8. 30  A  M 

"11.4.1  A  M 

7.lfti-  M 
2.30  t  M 

12.50  Jf  M 
8.05  r  M 
+3.  10  p  M 

Li- i-ai 

5  35  1'  M 
3.38  I-  M 

4.00  I1  M 
10.35  r  M 
6. 15  P  M 

"0.00  A  M 
"11.30  AM 

+10.45  AM 


8.15  AM 
3.10  PM 

ii.iopm 


ll.llll  AM 
4.IHI  I'M 

1.30  r  M 


12.15  I'M 
7.30  p  m 
7.30  p  m 


SAN   FRANCISCO    &    N.    PACIFIC  R.  R. 


Leave 

2.ii;i  v  m 
4.35  P  M 
5.00  P  M 
6.00  1'  M 
GU5  P  M 

San  Francisco.  . . 

•11.00  ami  Arrive 

flealdehuri?  . 

Arrive. 

K.45  a  m|  Leave. 

CAL:  P.  R.  R.  "CO.'S  STEAMERS. 


Leave, 
*4.00 T  M 

Leave. 

•4.00  P  M 
(i.00  P  M 
2.00  A  M 

I   Arrive. 
.1*10.00  p  M 

2.00  L>  M 

|     Leave. 

Arrive. 
•8.00  F  M 

Arrive. 

Arrive. 

Leave. 

•Sundays  excepted.       tSundays  only. 
T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Poss'prand  Ticket  Aftt.  Gen'ISur 


UNION    PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

Running  from  Ogden,  Utah,  to  Omaha,  Nebraska— over 
one  thousand  miles,  without  change  of  cars, 

MAKING   DIRECT    CONNECTIONS 

AT  OGDEN  with  the  Central  Pacific  R,  R.  (from  San 
Francisco) ;  also  with  the  Utah  Central  R.  R.  to  Salt  Lake 
City. 

AT  CHEYENNE  with  the  Denver  Pacific  R.  R.,  for 
Denver  City  and  the  Mining  Districts  of  Colorado. 

AT  OMAHA,  for  Chicago,  Eastern  and  other  cities,  with 
the  Chicago  and  Northwestern;  Chit-ago,  Rm/k  Island  and 
Pacific:  Burlington  and  Missouri  River:  St.  Joseph  and 
Council  Bluffs  Railroads ;  also,  for  St.  Louis  and  all  South- 
ern cities. 

EXPRESS  TRAINS  RUN  DAILY.— The  TJ.  P.  B,  R.  nee 
theWestinghouse  patent  air  hrake:  Miller's  patent  trussed 
platform  and  elastic  car-coupler:  und  the  most  approved 
construction  of  cars  for  the  comfort  and  safety  of  passen- 

epULLMAN'S  MOST  MAGNIFICENT  PALACE  SLEEP- 
ING CARS  attached  to  express  trains. 

T.    L.    KIMBALL, 

General  Passenger  Agent,  Omaha. 


LUBRICATING    OIL, 

THE    BEST    IN    THE    WORLD! 

The  attention  ol  the  public  is  called  to  GRUBER'S 
NEW  PATENT  LUBRICATING  OLL. 

For  running  Machinery  of  all  kinds  it  has  no  equal. 

It  will  not  gum,  and  run6  perfectly  smooth,  cool  and 
clean. 

This  OIL  offers  special  inducements  to  Farmers, 
Livery  Stable  Keepers,  etc. 

It  will  be  found  far  Superior 

To  any  other  Oil   or  Grease  now  in  use.  for  Carriages 
Wagons,  and  all  kinds  of  Farming  Machinery. 

Mill-men,  Printers,  and  all  others  having  occasion  to 
use  a  Lubricator,  will  finds  decided  advantage  in  using 
this  Oil -one  gallon  being  equal  to  two  of  the  best  Oil 
in  the  market. 

Perfect  Satisfaction  Guaranteed 
OR    MONEY    REFUNDED. 
Orders  per  Mail  or  Express  will  receive  prompt  at- 
tention. 
63"  Office  and  Salesroom  — 

GRTJBER  LUBRICATING  OIL  CO., 

Corner  Drumm  and  Market  streets, San  Francisco 

no25-3m-bp-sa 


28 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  13,  1872. 


Mining  Accidents. 

Edwin  Edmonds,  a  miner  in  the  Idaho 
mine,  was  killed  by  a  cave  in  the  shaft,  on 
the  4th  inst.  Deceased  was  well  known 
and  much  esteemed  in  Grass  Valley. 

Daniel  Schneider  recently  fell  a  distance 
of  20  feet  in  the  Union  mine,  Cerro  Gordo, 
and  besides  breaking  a  rib,  sustained  an  in- 
jury of  the  spine  which  has  nearly  para- 
lyzed his  lower  limbs. 

John  Kasher,  an  employee  on  the  Kan- 
sas lode,  Nevada,  while  passing  over  an  old 
shaft,  which  was  temporarily  covered  for 
convenience  of  stoping  in  its  vicinity,  fell, 
by  reason  of  the  planking  being  insecure, 
a  distance  of  60  feet,  He  struck  some  ob- 
struction at  20  feet  which  turned  him  over 
and  when  taken  from  the  bottom  it  was 
found  that  he  had  fractured  his  skull  and 
received  a  number  of  flesh  wounds  on  his 
body.  It  is  believed  that  his  injuries  will 
not  prove  fatal. 

An  Italian  by  the  name  of  J.  Camari  em- 
ployed in  the  Gwin  mine,  Calaveras  coun- 
ty, was  severely  cut  and  bruised  about  the 
head  and  face,  a  week  since,  by  the  explo- 
sion of  a  blast  which  hung  fire,  and  which 
Camari  was  re-adjusting. 

Another  accident  occurred  at  the  Yellow 
Jacket  mine,  in  which  Samuel  Holden 
working  in  the  1.100-foot  level,  was  se- 
verely injured.  Both  these  latter  acci- 
dents were  from  the  same  cause.  The 
blasts  did  not  go  off  when  they  should  have 
done  so,  and  the  miners  went  to  them  for 
the  purpose  of  seeing  what  was  the  mat- 
ter, wh6n  they  exploded  and  hurt  the  men. 

A  Winter  Musk-melon. 

In  the  issue  of  the  Scientific  Press  of  De- 
cember 3d,  1870,  reference  was  made  to  a  new 
and  singular  melon  which  Mr.  B.  Marchella,  of 
Oroville,  has  raised  the  previous  season.  They 
were  the  only  specimens  of  the  kind  which  had 
ever  been  raised  in  the  State,  or  probably  in 
America,  and  were  the  product  of  about  100 
seeds,  which  had  been  obtained  at  much  cost 
and  trouble,  from  some  portion  of  Turkey.  The 
botanical  name  of  the  melon  is  given  as  Bitchiri. 
One  of  these  melons  has  been  left  at  this  office 
where  it  was  cut  and  devoured.  It  was  plucked 
from  the  vine  some  three  months  previously, 
but  was  as  sound  and  perfect  as  the  day  on 
which  it  was  picked,  and  to  all  appearance 
might  have  been  kept  for  several  months 
longer.  The  appearance  of  the  melon  differs 
but  little  from  those  of  the  ordinary  growth, 
except  that  the  skin  is  a  little  darker  and  hard, 
like  that  of  a  winter  squash,  a  fact  to  which  is 
probably  chiefly  due  its  keeping  quality.  If 
hung  up  in  a  dry  and  cool  place,  we  are  in- 
formed, it  may  be  kept  good  the  year  round. 
The  taste  was  of  a  slightly  nutmeg  flavor;  but 
the  specimen  we  tried  was  not  as  rich  as  some 
of  the  ordinary  melons.  Its  peculiarity  and 
great  value  consists  in  the  fact  that  it  will  fur- 
nish a  genuine  and  very  good  musk-melon  for 
the  table  the  year  round;  as  such  it  is  invalua- 
ble, and  will  no  doubt  be  largely  sought  for. 

A  year  ago  the  seed  could  not  have  been 
purchased  for  love  or  money — the  entire  first 
year's  crop  being  reserved  for  the  importer's 
own  use  and  propagation.  The  seeds  are  for 
sale  at  this  office. 

These  melons  are  for  sale  by  Geo.  Hughes, 
No.  315  Washington  street. 

With  1872 

Commences  volume  XXIV  of  the  Scientific 
Phess.  Its  life  of  nearly  12  years,  we  verily  be- 
lieve, has  saved  more  to  the  Pacific  States, 
and  imparted  more  profitable  and  practical 
knowledge  to  personal  readers  than  any  other 
journal  in  this  new  and  still  developing  field. 
We  wish  to  increase  our  usefulness.  We  want 
more  subscribers  added  to  our  already  large  list. 
The  publication  of  such  a  first-class  paper  is 
expensive.  We  shall  make  the  Phess  worthy 
of  double  its  present  circulation  this  year. 

Every  old  subscriber  who  can  feel  the  value 
to  himself  and  the  community  of  a  journal  that 
seeks  its  patronage  through  articles  instructive, 
elevating,  and  interesting,  and  without  trash  or 
sensation,  we  earnestly  solicit  to  renew  his  own 
subscription  and  to  speak  a  good  word  for  the 
Pbess  to.others.  The  commencement  of  a  new 
year  and  volume  is  a  good  time  to 

Send  Us  Yodb  Sobsckiptions. 

Jan.  1,  1872. 


Foeest  Destruction.— It  is  estimated  that  at 
the  present  rate  of  destruction  that  not  one  of 
the  forest  pines  will  remain  in  either  Wisconsin 
or  jdlchigan  in  30  years  from  this  time. 


The  Best  Varieties  of  Grapes. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Grape  Growers' 
Association,  held  at  Napa,  on  the  16th  ult., 
a  paper  was  read  by  Dr.  Lockwood,  from 
the  Committe  on  vines,  on  the  best  varie- 
ties for  vineyard  planting.  The  varieties 
recommended  by  the  Committee  were  pure 
black  grapes,  Zenfridel  and  Black  Mal- 
voise  ;  pure  white  grapes,  the  Golden  Ar- 
apelas  and  Boyer  ;  pure  musk  grapes,  the 
Rhenish  Muscat.  These  were  commended 
for  their  productiveness,  although  Ries- 
lings would  be  entitled  to  the  first  place, 
if  their  good  bearing  qualities  were  satis- 
factorily established. 

In  response  to  an  inquiry,  Mr.  Baufeton 
stated  his  Grey  Rieslings  averaged  15 
pounds  to  the  vine. 

Dr.  Crane  has  found  that  Rieslings  were 
abundant  bearers  when  trained  high. 
Without  high  training  they  were  shy 
bearers.  The  weight  of  fruit  on  a  single 
vine — an' exception,  of  course — thus  train- 
ed, has  by  careful  estimate  been  placed  at 
70  pounds.  Not  only  is  the  Riesling  a 
good  bearer,  but  the  superior  quality  of 
its  product  gives  it  special  value.  He  had 
found,  in  the  East,  no  difficulty  in  selling 
Riesling  wine,  when  that  from  Mission 
grapes  was  neglected. 

Mr.  Krug  would  confine  his  selection  to 
a  very  limited  variety,  naming  as  his  fav 
orites  the  Rieslings  (Schaumberg  and 
Erankling),  the  Zenfridel  and  Muscatel. 
He  was  aware  that  these  would  not  suit  all 
localities.  Thus  Rieslings  did  not  pros- 
per in  Sonoma.  Mr.  Craig  confirmed  Mr. 
K's  statement  of  the  unsuitableness  of 
Rieslings  to  Sonoma.  His  Riesling  vines, 
trained  on  stakes,  suffered  from  wind- blast 
and  yielded  badly.  Col.  "Walton  had  no 
success  with  his  Rieslings  while  he  pur- 
sued the  practice  of  low  training  and 
short  spurs.  He  now  reserves  three  canes 
to  be  tied  together  at  the  upper  extremi- 
ties. The  increase  over  his  former  treat- 
ment is  600  per  cent.  He  trains  some 
other  varieties  (Chepelas,  Muscats,  etc.) 
in  the  same  way. 

Mr.  Harazthy  deprecated  the  especial 
attention  paid  to  varieties  without  any 
consideration  of  the  different  qualities  of 
soil.  Planting  should  be  done  with  refer- 
ence to  the  adaptation  of  soils,  to  produce 
the  qualities  of  wine  desired.  At  Stock- 
ton, wines  partook  of  the  character  of  Port 
and  Madeira.  At  St.  Helena,  Claret  was 
indicated  by  depth  of  color. 

A  Trespass  Law  Wanted. 

The  following  resolution  was  adopted 
by  the  Convention  : 

Resolved,  That  this  Association  earnestly 
recommend  the  immediate  attention  of 
the  Legislature  to  the  Trespass  law,  al- 
ready memoralized  for,  and  that  the  Asso- 
ciation invite  their  special  attention  to  the 
remedy  necessary  to  carry  into  effect  the 
proposed  law  ;  that  the  remedy  by  action 
in  the  courts  of  justice  of  this  State  is  not 
satisfactory,  and  that  a  system  of  pounds, 
and  the  impounding  of  estrays  should  be 
established  in  each  county,  dividing  the 
same  into  districts. 


Our   Tule  Land  Levees. 

A  difference  of  opinion  exists  in  regard  to 
the  stability  of  the  levees  now  finished  or  in 
course  of  construction  around  the  delta  islands 
of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  rivers.  Of 
course  everything  depends  upon  the  hight  and 
strength  of  such  levees;  mere  hight,  without 
sufficient  width  of  both  base  and  top,  will  not 
afford  the  security  desired.  Nor  under  certain 
circumstances  will  both  of  these  suffice. 

Unless  these  levees  are  secured  against  im- 
pinging waters,  caused  by  the  natural,  rapid 
flow  of  the  rivers',  or  the  washings  of  the  waves 
from  passing  steamers,  their  endurance  is  yet 
problematical.  At  the  present  season  of  high 
water  the  rivers  are  more  than  bank  full,  with 
the  backing  up  of  the  tides,  the  steamer  wave 
passing  freely  over  that  portion  of  laud  between 
the  river  bank  and  levee  is  doing  considerable 
damage  to  a  portion  of  the  levee  on  the  east  of 
Grand  Island  by  washing  away  its  base. 

This  might  be  almost  entirely  prevented  by 
setting  out  and  growing  a  thick  copse  of  wil- 
lows on  the  strip  of  land  between  the  river 
bank  and  the  levee.  If  more  land  was  given  to 
such  border  by  building  the  levee  further  back 
from  the  river,  it  would  afford  far  greater  secur- 
ity, at  the  same  time  that  the  land  could  be 
made  to  pay  a  good  per  cent,  upon  its  value,  in 
the  simple  production  of  willows  or  other 
woods  for  fuel.  If  the  yellow  or  golden  willow 
of  the  Eastern  States  is  not  already  introduced 
here,  it  should  be  at  once,  being  the  most  valu- 
able willow  for  river  bank  protection  in  the 
world. 


Pecan  Nuts  in  Texas. —The  pecan  treesin 
San  Antonio  county,  Texas,  were  reported 
as  breaking  down  with  fruit.  The  crop 
in  that  immediate  section,  it  was  thought, 
would  bring  over  one  million  of  dollars; 
the  nuts  selling  at  82.50  per  bushel.  The 
crop  in  Louisiana,  is  reported  at .  25  per 
cent,  over  that  of  last  year. 

The  Five  Per-Oent.  Law. — In  the  Senate, 
Jan.  9th,  the  bill  to  repeal  this  obnoxious  law 
came  up,  and  without  debate  was  passed  by 
the  following  vote:  Ayes,  30;  Noes,  7.  Senator 
Duffy  gave  notice  that  he  should  move  for  a  re- 
consideration, but  it  will  be  quite  useless.  The 
voice  of  the  people  through  the  press,  has  re- 
moved the  odious  law  from  our  statutes. 


Daily  Record, 


By  the  TJ.  S.  Array  Sisnal  Service,  for  the  week  ending 
"Wednesday,  January  3,  1872. 


a 

tJ"H  O 

c     -2 

sit 

o 

is  a 

Si 

11 

see; 

=  §■■* 

State   of 
Weather 

r/3 

Thursd'y.3J.07 

52 

68 

S.  E.    Brisk              (Threat' g 
Calm                           Fair 

~ 

Friday.  ...30.13 

47 

85 

JSatiu'dav  HO.  16 

50 

88 

AT.  W.  Fresh             Fog 

Sunday...  311.00 

52 

79 

S.         Light     .04    Cioudy 

51 

86 

Calm                   .45    H.  Rnin 

■J. 

Tu.-dw.. '-11.82 

49 

85 

N.  E.    Gentle    .29    Lt.  Ruin 

a 

Wed'day..30.l7 

47 

" 

S.         Fresh             Fair 

Thursd'y.  30.22 

4S 

92 

E.        Light     .02    Fog 

JJ 

Friday .  . 

& 

Sunday... 30.10 

4H 

77 

N.  W.  Light           Fair 

■ff 

Monday.. 30.01 

48 

85 

N.  E.    Gentle         Fair 

■a 

Tuesday.. 
"Wed'day.. 

^ 

Thursd'y. 29.72 

21 

74 

S.  E.  FreBh    ■         Cloudy 

Friday.. ..IW.M 

a 

79 

S.  E.  Gentle             Clear 

-a 

Saturday  ■J'>.7-r> 

18 

82 

S.       Fresh             Fair 

Sunday...  Ifii.bO 

V.l 

81 

S.         Fresh              Cloudy 

Monday..  2LI.63 

22 

75 

S.  E.   Uentle           Fair 

X 

Tuesday. . 
Wed'day.. 

38 

66 

S.  W.  Brisk               Clear 

Thursd'y  30.18 

31 

79 

N.        Gentle             Cloudi- 

Friday.... W.3.r> 

29 

85 

ly.        Gentle             Clear 

Saturday  3'i.2;l 

\H 

85 

N.        Fresh              Fair 

•i. 

Sunday.. .30.13 

19 

85 

N.  W.  Light            Cloudy 

4 

Monday..  3H.  06 

■m 

76 

N.  W.  Gentle            Cloudy 

Tuesday.  80.01 

41 

56 

S.  K.     Light            Cloudy 

•\Ved'day..2!i.™ 

39 

5G 

S.  W.  Fresh             Cloudy 

Thursd'y  .30.05 

311 

59 

W.        Brisk              Clear 

Friday.... 30.21 

is 

79 

N.  W.  Fresh            Clear 

^ 

Saturday- 30.ui; 

8 

W 

W.  S.  Lightj             Clear 

14 

61 

Calm.                        Char 

Monday..  29.SW 

32 

48 

N.  W.  Fresh              Fair 

a 

Tuesday.  30.1)1 

38 

56 

Calm                           Cioudy 

•■a 

Wed*day..29.92 

34 

52 

S.  W.  Gentle           Fair 

b 

Thursd'y  .30. 10 

31 

79 

S.         Fresh             Fair 

» 

85 

Calm                     03     Clear 

^ 

Saturday. 30.13 

!) 

78 

S.  W.  Gentle            Clear 

Suadny...  30.01 

13 

81 

S.         Fresh             dear 

Monday  .30.1)1 

22 

85 

S.          Gentle             Clear 

Tuesday.  30.03 

37 

53 

S.  W.  Fre-h              Cioudy 

■■** 

Wed'  day..  29.02 

44 

3D 

W.       Fresh              Fair 

© 

Thursd'y- 30.26 

4 

74 

N.  W.   Light           Clear 

=i 

Friday.. ..30.11 

26 

75 

N.  W.    Fre3h           Cloudy 

ta 

Sunday..  .30.29 

18 

84 

Calm                   ,      Foggy 
S.            Light           Cloudy 

Monday.. W.21 

211 

85 

Tu.^dav... 3:Ul) 

27 

88 

S.            Geutle         Fair 

f 

Wed'day.. 29.% 

33 

89 

S.           Fresh         Fair 

r-. 

Thursd'y..30.13 

18 

67 

N.  W.     Brisk           Threat, 

J 

Fridav..   .  3U.0H 

34 

79 

••-.  W,     tieutie         Uiear 

Saturday  "0.:.7 

22 

85 

N.  E.       Fresh           Fair 

Sunday.. .30.3i 

24 

88 

N.  E.       Fresh         Cloudy 

if 

Monday..  S1.37 

IB 

83 

N.            Fresh           Clear 

-" 

Tu'^dav.  30.31i 

■Hi 

an 

S.           Fresh          Cloudy 

!■< 

Wed'day 

» 

Sacramento. 
[ By  T.M.  Logan,  M.D.,  Secretary  State  Board  of  Health. 

Jan.  1,1872.  Rainfall  for  the  season  to  date,  .12.421  inches 
"      10,     "  "         from  Jan.  1       "     "     ...3.0:;0     " 

Tolal  for  the  season  up  to  Jan  10,  1372 15.45]  inchs. 

Remarks.— The  succession  of  southeast  storms,  which 
set  in  on  the  17th  of  Dec.  last,  appears  at  last  to  have  ex- 
hausted themselves,  leaving  our  plains  deluged  and  an  am- 
ple supply  of  water  impounded  on  our  mountain  summits, 
in  the  form  of  snow.  At  all  events  the  indications,  at  the 
present  writing,  are  favorable  for  clear  weather.  Wind 
N.  W.  and  barometer  steadily  rising. 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  A  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street.] 

PRICES  FOR  INVOICES 

/oWn.9  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
foXlourina  quotations. 

Thursday.  Jantiarv  11, 1872 

InoN.— Duty:  Pig,  S7  ^  ton:  Railroad,  60c  "tj>-  100  lbs;  Bar, 
ll^l.^c^.  lb:  Sheet,  poiiahed.  3c  ^  lb;  common.  l^&l^c 
¥1  ft;  Plate,  I'-o'f1  lb  ;  Pipe,  ll=c  V-  tt. ;  Galvanized,  2'*c%l  lb. 

Scotch  and[Engh3h  Pig  Iron,  $  ton $52  SO    im  55  00 

White  Pig,  $  ton 45  00    to 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  "$  lb —  04    (3  —  05 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  ^  ttt —  05    @  —  06 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4  —  05    tal 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 @  —  05 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13...  .  —  05Mrfll 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —  06    @ 

Sheet, No.  24to27 —06    g> 

II orse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 9 

Norway  Iron 1% 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.      5     @  6 

Copper.— Duty :  Sheathing,  3>;>c  "$>  lb;  Pig  and  Bar,  2'ijc 
$  lb- 

Sheathing,  3A  ft —.24    @  —  26 

Sheathing,  Yellow — —  24    ®  —  25 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow — 11    @_  \\% 

Composition  Nails —  24         — 

Composition  Bolts —  24         — 

Tin  Plates.— Duty:  25  ^  cent,  ad  valorem. 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  '£  box 12  00 

Plates,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00 

Rooting  Plates 11  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs,  ft  lb 

Steel.— English  Cast,  ft  ft —  16 


10  50 


Drill  .... 

Flat  Bar 

Plough  Points 

Russia  (for  mouldiboarda) . 

gUICKSILVER.— H  0) 
EAD.— Pig,  ^  lb 

Sheet 

Pipe 

Bar 

ZI2JC.- Sheets,  S  ft 

Borax.— Refined 

Borax,  crude 


20 


—  85 

—  Ofi!£ 


Mining  Companies 


Should  advertise  their  Meetings.  Assessments,  and  Rales, 
in  the  Sen-:  tihc  Phess.  Rates  more  than  one-halfless 
than  daily  publications.  Stockholders  should  take  the 
hint  and  request  their  managers  to  truly  economize  by  ad- 
vertising in  a  Mining  Journal,  where  all  notices  may  be 
seen  by  cheaply  purchasing  and  examining  a  weekly.  You 
will  thus  .-■nve  money  and  uphold  a  journal  which  upholds 
your  interesfce. 


Oixr    A  £*■  exits. 

Ouk  Friends  can  do  much  in  aid  of  our  paper  and  the 
cause  of  practical  knowledge  and  science,  by  assisting 
Agents  in  their  laborB  of  canvassing,  by  lending  their 
influence  and  encouraging  favors.  We  intend  to  Bend 
none  but  worthy  men. 

Wm.  F.  SpErJoF-n— California. 

W.  H.  Murray— General  Traveling  Agent. 

C.  H.  D'wtnelle — Special  Corresponding  Agent. 

I.  N.  Hoag— Sacramento,  General  Agent. 

F.  M.  Shaw— San  Diego. 

L.  P.  McCarts — California. 

M.  B.  Starr — Pacific  Coast. 

A.  C.  £j*ox,  City  Soliciting  and  Collecting  Agent. 

COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Press  can  be  had  from  January  1, 
lfUil,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
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the  industry  of  this  coast  ol  nny  work  published. 


FOR  25  CENTS  we  mil  send,  postpaid,  four 
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MARAVILLA  COCOA.— No  breakfast  table  is  complete 
♦vithout  this  delicious  beverage.  The  Globe  says:  "  Various 
importers  and  manufacturers  have  attempted  to  attain  a 
reputation  for  their  prepared  Cocoas,  but  we  doubt  whether 
any  thorough  success  had  been  achieved  until  Messrs. 
Taylor  Brothers  discovered  the  extraordinary  qualities  of 
■Maravilla"  Cocoa.  Adapting  their  perfect  system  of 
"preparation  to  this  finest  of  all  species  of  the  Theobroma, 
they  have  produced  an  article  which  supercedes  every  other 
Cjcoa  in  the  market.  Entire  solubility,  a  delicate  aroma- 
aud  a  rare  concentration  of  the  purest  elements  of  nutri- 
tion, distinguish  the  Maravilla  Cocoa  above  all  others.  Foi 
homccopaths  and  invalids  wo  could  not  recommend  a  more 
agreeable  or  valuable  beverage."  Sold  in  packets  only  by 
all  Grocers,  of  whom  also  may  be  had  Taylor  Brothers, 
Original  Homoeopathic  Cocoa  and  Soluble  Chocolate 
Steam  Mills— Brick  Lane,  London.  Export  Chicory  Mills, 
Bruges,  Belgium^ -  fe25-ly 

University  of  California. — The  Preparatory  Depart- 
ment is  under  the  charge  of  five  Professors  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  six  tutors. 

Besides  the  studies  of  the  public  schools,  Algebra, 
Geometry,  Latin,  Greek,  German,  French,  Spanish  and 
Book-Keepiug  are  taught. 

Terms:  Board  and  tuition,  4  weeks,  $30.  Students  re- 
ceived at  any  time.  George  Tatt,  Oakland,  Master 
Fifth  Class.  se9bptf 

$5  to  S20  pee  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  yon  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7  strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  Wire  Works,  75  William  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-12mbp 


Lames  Desiring  to  Procure  a  FrRST-CLASs  Sewtng 
M .j.chiiic  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  2Gth,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  2lvl'-12mbp 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


Scientific  and  Practical  Books 
on  Mining,  Metallurgy,  Etc. 

Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  DEWEY  & 
CO.,  Scientific  Press  OOlce,  S.  F. 

BY  GUlDOTlOJSTEL, 

Mining  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 
Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  anfl  tlie 

Extraction  of  their  Respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.    1870. 

This  rare  hook  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver 
ores  without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  and 
crammed  full  of  facts.  It  gives  short  and  concise  de- 
scriptions of  various  processes  and  apparatus  employed 
in  this  country  and  in  Europe,  and  explains  the  why 
and  wherefore. 

It  contains  142  pages,  embracing  illustrations  of  fur- 
naces, implements  and  working  apparatus. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  merit,  by  an  author  whose  repu- 
tation is  unsurpassed  in  his  speciality. 
Price  $2.50  coin,  or  $3  currency,  postage  free. 


Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds) ,  in- 
cluding the  Chlorination  Process  for    Gold-bearing 
Sulphurets,  Ai-Keniurets,  and   Gold  and  Silver  Ores 
generally,  with  120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1867. 
This  work  is  unequaled  by  auy  other  published,  cm- 
bracing  the  subjects  treated.    Its  authority  is  hiyhly 
esteemed  and  regarded  by  its  readers  ;  containing,  as  it 
does,  much  essential   information  to   the  Miner,  Mill- 
man,  .Metallurgist,  and  other  professional  workers  in 
ores  and  minerals,  which  cannot  be  found  elsewhere  in 
print.    It  also  abounds  throughout  with  facts  and  in- 
structions rendered  valuable  by  being  clearly  rendered 
together  and  in  simple  order.    It  contains  120  diagrams, 
illustrating  machinery,  etc.,  which  alone   are  of    the 
greatest  value.    Price,  S7.00,  postage  paid., 


Nevada  and  California  Processes  of  Silver 

and  Gold  Extraction,  for  general  use,  and  especially 
for  the  Mining  Public  of  California  and  Nevada,  with 
fuU  explanations  and  directions  for  all  metallurgical 
operations  connected  with  silver  and  gold  from  a  pre- 
liminary examination  of  the  ore  to  the  final  casting 
of  the  ingot.  Also,  a  description  of  the  general  metal- 
lurgy of  silver  ores.     iaG4. 

As  its  title  indicates,  this  work  gives  a  wide  range  of 
information,  applicable  to  all  vein  miners  and  workers 
in  precious  metals,  afl'ording  hints  and  assistance  of  ex- 
ceeding value  to  both  the  moderately  informed  and  the 
most  expert  operator. 
Price,  $5  in  cloth;  $0  in  leather— coin. 


BY  OTHER  AUTHORS. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration.  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Poe- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant,  Comprising  B40  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  cc-in  or  its  equivalent) .  In  leather,  $12.  Postage, 
50  cents  extra.  Issued  and  for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co., 
Patent  Agents  and  Publishers  Scientific  Press,  8.  F. 

The  Quartz  Operator's  Hand-Book;  by  P. 

M.  Randall.  Revised  and  Enlarged  Edition.  Cloth 
bouud,  175  pages.     Price,  $2. 

Sulphurets  :  "What  They  Are,  How  Con- 
centrated, How  Assayed,  and  How  Worked:  with  a 
Chapter  on  the  Blow-Pipe  Assay  of  Minerals  By 
Wm.  M.  Barstow.M.D.;  1867;  cloth  bound,  114  pages. 
Printed  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.  I  rice,  $1;  postage 
free.  The  best  written  "work,  and  most  complete 
work  on  the  subject  treated, 


January  13,  1872] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


29 


Mining  and  Other  Companies.  KNQWLES,    pATENT    STEAM    PUMP. 


■ 
■ 


Alhambra  Hill  Mining  Company—Location 

i*mbr»  HilC  Pinto  District,  B 

1  oaotf,  -Ni-vaiifc 

'  .  irivi-n,  tlmt  at  &  met  link' of  tin 
1 
IWI.  »o  imm nmmi  (No.  1    "!    SO  cant*  p«i  than  iru  If  i*"l 

i!llj>»lljr,    jajaU'-    111    l  illicit 

t.at»u    thu    I  JU<  <Ui 

I 


•tr.-«i,  b*u  Fr*iicmto,Califi.rm». 


..  uiinaid 

uu   Ihf   Will   iUv  o(  January,   1872.  atlkll    bv   dMned    lleUo- 
d  fur  x*lo «{  publK- BUi-i tun. 
■11 J  unli-u  |«iyi>)<-ii(   nLull    bv   inula  before,  uilllw  suit]  on 
Huuday.  tit*-  Mb  .Uy  ol   1 

tlinr  «  ith  coata  of  advert  lainjr  ami 
!   ■...i...'1  ,  Bei 
Mo.  SUCUy  »tr« 


l&ry. 

.1.1., 


Caution— Eagle  Quicksilver   Mining  Com- 

1  1  [(nrh.\ra  < loODty,  <  \tl. 

Not  li      1     lii  rabj   oivon  to  the.  public  nol  to  pu 

■     for  lilt'    full 

il..-  ua f  in*  delinqumt  owners  in  Urn  1  agU  Uuick- 

■■■■  ere   -lu l>    *d .    1 
«.IJ  in  full  at  pubU 

nl  provided,  by  John  Hidaleton 
■  ■i*.  on  Monday,  the  ftth  daj  "i  January,  l^TJ,  foi  di-lin- 

in  ami  ;n:^niirik'  '-'"-'-    Of    ml',  erl  i-- 

ins  and  fiTponnwi  ol  *»U\  and  will  nut  b«  trajofioiTOd  by  Hid 
company. 

Shares  sold. 

Btinh.  A.  9 1 

1     I.    A 2 

N.    ]{ 1 

1    .James  B 'J 

.Siaebur,  I'    tfti  1 

William*.  Mr*   Sarah.. 1 

WM.  M.  WATSu.V 
i.-il.iT  MiiuQk-  Company,  Room  3, 
M "iiiK'>iin.*ry  sirwet.  San  PraoofeoD,  1  ol. 
January  \  BW.  j«13-3t 


Kincaid  Flat   Mining  Company — Location 

of  wurka,  Tuolumne  County,  Sute  of  Cttlifortuk. 

,     eby  .■■■..::.  that  at  a  meeting  of  ttio  Board  of 

1  dd <    irnpwy,  held  on  the  llilidnyoi"  Deotunbi  r, 

atol  two  dullam  and  fifty  oenta  (.92.50)  per 

share  was  levied  upon  the  capital   stock  of  naid  company, 

£1  ■  ly,  in   united   Statea  gold  coin,  to  thu 
■  "    |r,a1  oiBoffloe.No.  220  Clay  ttreet.  Snu    Kraneim'o,  Cat. 
Any  stock  upon  which  smd  .nit-iil    ilmll  remain  unpuid 

OD    Weda lay,    the     VfttX   day  of  January.   I8i2.   shall  he 

hii'ju-nt,  and  will De duly  advertised  lor  sole  at 
public  auction,  and  unleaft  piiymunt  shall  he  made  before, 
will  ho  Bold  "O  Wednesday,  t  Jit--  7th  day  of  February,  1872,  to 
1  liniment  Maeasment,  togethexwitJa  coats  ol  adver- 
tising and  •■xpvu?ed  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustee*.  R.  H.  CORNELL,  Secretary. 

OtHce,  220  Clay  strret,  San  Frnneincn.  del 6-4 W 


Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 

pany— Location  of  worlu.  First  Carole,  Tuolumne  county, 

L'ali  t  "i 

n  h.Ti-hy  given,  that  at  a  iheeting  61  the  Board  of 
Trmtoea  "I  laid  I  kimpaiu  .  held  on  the  Sth  day  of  January, 
Itfii,  an  .1  imenl  ol  jTwunty-flve  cents  per  tiha.ro  wo* 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  Maid  company,  payable  lm- 
medfatefy,  i"  United  States  cold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
iii"  company 'a  offloe.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  ns  ■■•  .-■■- 
ment  siuill  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  ■>  )i  dav  of  Feb- 
rnary,  JoTi,  -lull  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  dulj 
advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction, and  unless  payment 
shall  be  made  before  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p,  af„  will  be 
sol  1  "ii  1  rmraday,  the  23d  day  of  February,  I8T2,  to  pay  the 
(l'limiuent  n4.Htmn1.11t.  mcether  wilh-costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  oale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  1'iuslii-s. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office.  4ly  California  street,  San  Francinco.  jalJ-4w 


Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company— Lo- 

cation,  Spruce  Mountain,  Antelope  and  Clifton  Districts, 
*  BlkoOoonty,  State  ol  Nevada. 

Notice  1-  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  nf  the  Board  of 
TrusteuM  of  .-.aid  company,  held  on  the  9th  day  of  January. 
18T2,  nn  assessment  ..1  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
tike  capital  Stock  of  ».tid  uoiupauy,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  toe  Secretary,  at  the  company '* 
office],  Room  .1,  Ko  -i"-  Montgomery  street,  San  FraoeiRco, 
t'.il.  Any  -lui'k  upon  which  wml  u-M'-sment  i-hull  remain 
tttrpaid  on  Tnesdoy,  the  13th  day  of  L'eiiruary,  1B72,  Bhall  be 

deal I   delinquent,   and  will  he  duly  advertised  for  sale  m 

public  auction;  and  unless  payment  Bhall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  4th  day  of  March,"  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  a=^e^ment,  together  with  coals  ol  ttdvertis"- 
ingand  expennes  of  sale.  * 

By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

UM.  II.  WATSON-,  Secretary 

Office,  Room  5,  No.  3U2  Montgomery  btreel,  San  Fran- 
Cisco,  Cal  jal3-3w 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Company- 
Location  ol  worta),  Salt  Springs  Valley,  Calaveras  Coun- 
ty, Cal. 

Isotice  13  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  lifth  day  of  Decem- 
ber. 1HT1,  an  assessment  of  Five  Dollars  per  shaie  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  -paxabhi 
immediately,  in  United  State.-  gold  coin,  to  tbe  Si  cretarj . 
4IW  California  street  tup  .-tairs),  San  F*ancisco,  Cul.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  asie.-iHuicnt  ^liall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  i3d  day  of  January,  IH72,  shall  be  deemsd  delinquent, 
and  wilt  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  unction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tues- 
day, tbe  Kith  day  of  February,  1H72,  to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  ex- 
penses ol  sale.    By  order  uf  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T,   I'.  C-KONISK.  Secretary. 
Oflico,  10!)  California  street.  San  Francisco,  Cul.        d23-4w 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company — Location 

of    works,    White    Pine     Mining   District,    White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  o( 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  Hth  day  of  Decem- 
ber. 1871,  an  assessment  of  Three  Dollars  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in. United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
tbe  Company's  office.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assess- 
ment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  25th  day  oi 
Junuaiy,  JK72,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly 
advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  bo  made  before,  Will  he  sold  on  Friday,  the  23d  day  of 
February,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  wide.  By  order 
of  the  Board  ot  Trustees.  J.W.  CLARK,  Secretary 

Office,  IIM  California  St.  San  Francisco.  ■     De30-4w. 


Awarded   First   Premium   and   Diploma 


O  ver  all  (.'«-  inj  i.-titors,  at  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  San  Francisco, 
Meoal  and  Diploma  at  State  lair. 


1871  ;  also  Special 


-1"      gS^THWflmfKiBK 


It  has  110  Crunks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  il 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  handiwork  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  tilled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  dili'erence  in 
economy. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC  R.  R.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC! 
Sacramento,  Cal.,  April  14, 1871.  J 

A.  L.  FISH,  Esq.,  Ageut  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  San  Francisco— Dear  Sir:  Iu  reply  to  your  inquiry  as 
to  the  merits  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  in  uBe  upon  this  road,  I  will  say  that  we  have  nineteen  of  theiu  in 
use  on  this  road  as  fire  engines,  and  pumping  water  lor  shop  and  station  use.  I  consider  the  Knowles  Steam 
Pump  the  best  in  use,  and  prefer  it  to  auy  other.    Yours  truly,       A.  J.  STEVENS,  General  Muster  Mechanic. 


THE 


WE    BUXLD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

LARGEST    STOCK   OF    PUMPS   IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Eyery  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

Ifo   O  First  .Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


BLAKE'S    STEAM    PUMPS. 

STURTEV ANT'S    BLOWERS. 


Wood-working   Mac^bnory,    Machinists'   Tools,    Engine  cits' 

3v24-tf  BERRY  &  PLACE,  Machinery  D<pot,  112  Calif *d 


SxinpUos,   Etc. 

in  St.,  San  Francisco. 


P.  DAVIS'  WIRE   AND   PICKET  FENCE. 


Union  Gold  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works.  (lowland  Flat.  Sierra  county,  State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  thai  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  suid  Company,  held  un  the  1th  day  of  January, 
INT'J,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  (Si)  per  share  watt  levied 
upon  the  capital  stoek  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  Stites  trnld  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  tbe  Company,  Room  No.  ••■>,  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  whieli  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  5th  day  of  February  1*7^,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  he  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction. 
and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before  will  be  sold  on 
Monday  the 26th  day  <d  February,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  sale.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

ALFRED  K.  DURBR0W,  Secretary. 

Office— Room  No.  'ii  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Col.  jn4-4w 


MINERS,  ATTENTION! 

MINEBS  AND  MANDFACTDREKS  ABE  HEREBY 
cautioned  against  Making,  Buying,  Bklling  or  Using, 
what  is  known  as  R.U.  &  J.  CKAIG'S  NEvV  AND  IM- 
PROVED HYDRAULIC  JOINT  OR  NOZZLE,  as  the 
same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  tbe  un 
dersigne.l  seeured  by  Letters  Potent  No.  108,658,  dated 
Oct.  25th,  1870,  known  as  Watson's  "  Hydraulic  Uham 
pion,"  and  all  parlies  participating  in  such  infringe- 
ment will  be  rigorously  prosecuted. 

THOMAS  WATSON, 
Proprietor  of  Watson's  Hydraulic  Champion. 

Dated  Nevada  City,  Jnn,  2d,  1872,  2v2Mm 


Although  about  two  hundred  different  styles  of  fences  have  been  invented  and  patented  in  the  United  States 
within  tbe  past  ten  yeare,  yet  ibis  Fence,  for  GENERAL  FARM  USE,  stands  at  the  head  of  tbe  list.  This  is  a 
Virginia  invention,  and  the  actual  cost  of  the  Fence  complete  in  that  State  is  less  than  fifty  cents  per  rod.  Three 
men  can  put  up  six  hundred  yards  per  day.  Price  of  territory,  and  circular  with  full  description  of  fence,  sent 
on  application.  TVIEbTEB  «fc  CO.. 

"  No.  17  Now  Montgomery  street  (under  Grand  Hotel) ,  San  Francisco. 


Nevada  Consolidated  Borax  Company- 
Location  of  Works:  Columbus  aud  FisuLak.-  V:,lle\s. 
1"..-:ii,  r;iLi:L  C"Ui;t y.  GtAt,    of  Nivjida. 

— There  are  dellnqui  ut    opoD    the   IbllowiDg 

ii      rlbed  ■'■•',.■" .mi  pf      -,  --m,  in  levied  od  the 

■jviii  daj  nf  November,  i>7t.  tne  BeverHr  mnonnts  set 
.  in". .-in  thenuneaof  the  respecUve  shareholders,  as 
f  Uowb: 
Nuaea,  Ivft. &  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.    Ain't. 

Charlt'8  Wvrtttauj IE  3501       1178  65 

I  hurli  s  Mwli'tiiK 1"  8CTI  17s  .V, 

Charles  M\rt.m. 22  250  1!  "il 

Charles  M%Ttetus 55  1220  CI  00 

Charles. Ball 1  5M5         '»J7  7;. 

Charles  Bill 20  2000  100  00 

Charles  Bell 27  200  lu  on 

Charles  Bel] 28  lf.0  5  00 

Charles  Bell 29  (tHiS         31201$ 

Charles  Bell 30  2000  100  00 

Charles  Brll 31  200  

Charles  Bell 32  2000  lift)  on 

Charles  Boll.. 88                         20  100 

CbarlesBell 61  211.1 -j  ]nsis>, 

i:  Rolcombe 21                   200  12  00 

S  E  Hili'iMiiU- 35  4117  208  35 

BEHolcombe 50                   722  36  15 

)'  iv  1'nti j.7                ;.".()  12  r.o 

V  W  1'rilt 62  41  2  05 

Ami  in  aocordaace  with  law,  and  an  order  "f  the 
lioiinl  nf  Trin-ti-is,  uniile  on  the  20th  day  of  November, 
ls7l.ni  many  shares  nf  each  parcel  "f  said  slock  as 
may  be  necessary,  will  be  snld  at  public  auction,  at  the 
office1  of  the  conn  any,  420  Montgomery  street,  Room  No. 
l.  n'.dsioryt  SanJBTancisco,  Cal.,  on  Monday,  tho29lh 
day  of  Jiiiiunry,  1872,  .  t  the  hour  of  11  o'clock  a.  m.  of 
said  day,  to  pay  said  Oelinqueht  assessment  thereon, 
together  with  costs  of  advertfslns  and  eip-  nsi  s  of  sale. 
.1.  I..  SANFOltD,  Secretary. 
Office,  No. -120  Montgomery  Street,  (lluom  No.  1)  3d 
story,  San  Francisco,  CaL 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office. 


Important    to    Millers. 

FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current    and     Sluices, 

For  Sai-ing  Fine  Gold  and  'Floating  Quicksilvt  r. 



For  pariiculars  address 

■ 
WATERS  «*fc  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24i3m 


T3E  BEST  PERIODICALS  OF  THE  DAY. 
THE    GR  EAT 

ENGLISH    QUARTERLIES 

AND 

Blackwood's  Edinburgh  Magazine, 

REI'HTNTED   BY 

The    Ieonard    Scott  ■Publish. na:  Oompsuy, 

140  Fulton  Street,  New  York, 
Al   about   one-third    the  price  of   the  originals. 

THE  EDINBURGH  REVIEW. 

THE  WTNTMIXSTKR  REVIEW, 

THE  LOM'miX  til  ARTERLY  REVIEW. 

THE  BRITISH  (QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 
Published  Quarterly— January,  April,  July,  October— 

AND 

BJacIcicood's     Edinburgh     Magazine, 

{A  fttc-simile  of  the  original) .    Published  Monthly. 
TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION: 

For  any  one  Review ; ...  .$4  00  per  annum. 

For  any  two  Reviews 7  00  " 

For  any  three  Reviews.... 10  00  " 

For  any  f  mr  Reviews 12  00  " 

For  Blackwood's  Magazine 4  00  " 

For  Blackwood  and  one  Review 7  00  " 

For  Blackwood  and  two  Reviews 10  CO  " 

For  Blackwood  and  three  Reviews 13  00  " 

For  Blackwcod  and  the  four  Reviews.  .16  00  " 

Postage,  two  cents  a  number,  to  be  prepaid  by  the 
quarter  at  the  office  of  delivery, 

CXjTJISjS. 

A  discount  of  20  per  cent,  will  be  allowed  to  clubs  of 
four  or  more  persons.  Thus:  four  coi  ies  of  Bjack.wood 
nr  of  one  Review  will  be  sent  to  one  address  for  $32.80; 
four  copies  of  the  four  Reviews  and  Blackwood  f<  r  £48, 
and  so  on. 

To  clubs  of  ten  or  m^re.  in  addition  to  the  above  dis- 
count, a  copy  gratis  will  be  allowed  to  the  getter-up  of 
the  clnb. 

TREMIUMS. 

New  subscribers  for  tbe  year  1872  may  have,  without 
charge,  the  number  for  the  last  quarter  of  1871  of  such 
periodicals  as  they  may  subscribe  for. 

Or  int-tead  of  the  above,  new  subscribers  to  any  two. 
three,  or  four  of  the  above  periodicals,  may  have,  as 
premium,  one  of  the  '  Four  Reviews'  for  1871;  subscrib- 
ers to  all  five  may  have  two  of  the  '  Four  Reviews'  for 
1871.  Neither  premiums  to  subscribers  nor  discount  to 
clubs  can  be  allowed  unless  the  money  is  remitted  di- 
rect to  the  publishers.  No  premiums  can  be  given  to 
clubs 

To  secure  premiums,  it  will  be  necessary  to  make 
early  application,  as  the  stock  available  for  that  purpose 
is  limited. 

Circulars  with  further  particulars  may  be  had  on  ap- 
plication. 

THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO., 

140  Fulton  street,  New  York. 
THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO.  also  publish 
THE    FARMER'S    GUIDE 
To  Scientific  and  Practical  Agriculture, 
By  Hevry  Stephens,  F.  R.  S.,  Edinburgh,  and  the  late 
J.  P.  Norton,  Proiessor  of    Scientific  Agriculture  in 
Yale  College.  New  Haven. 

Two  vols.  Royal  Octavo.  1600  pages  and  numerous 
engravings.    Price,  $7;  by  mail,  post  paid,  $8.      3v24sa 


3D 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


fjanuary  13,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


ISSTABIjISHED    XS51. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  ami  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

IKA   r.   BANttlUT,  A.  P.  BBATTOS, 

G£0.  W.  FOGG,  Superintendent. 

Steam  Engines  and  Boilers, 

MAE1NE  AND  STATIONAKT, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTING-S 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  wort  generally  done  at  flrst- 
elaes  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
jrices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

tt&~  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Wort  and 
Rpairs. 

S.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HOTTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  GODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    Or 

«T  13  A  HE    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Flour    and    Saw   Mills, 

Hayes'  Improved   Steam  Pump,  Brodle's  Im- 
proved      Crusher,      M  Inline     Pumps, 
AninlKo.ma.tors,  nnil  all  binds 
of  Machinery. 

N.  E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  S-qy 


G-EORGE  T.  PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and    111    Mission    Street, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

SUABTZ    MACHINERY 
^Printing    Presses, 
AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  "with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,   MANUFACTOBEH   AND   SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Praey*s     Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


PACIFIO 

Roiling  Mill  Company, 

8AN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD   AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AWD  — 

Eyery  "Variety  of  Shaftings 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES    f 

Steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con. 

nectlnir  Soda,  Car  and  X>ocomotlve  Axles 

and   Frames 

—  ALSG- 
HAJVIIwnERfciD      IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

.K9"  Orders   addressed  to     PACIFIC    ROLLING     MILL 

30  MP  ANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  will  rsceive 

prompt  attention 

«-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron.        9vU3m 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

1IOHT  AXD  HEAVT  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 
First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Feancisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  aU  kinds. 
7v23tf  I,  L.  MOBTLHBAP,  President, 


BALDWIN    LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS. 


M.   BAIRD   &  CO.,    Philadelphia, 

MANUFACTURERS   OF  LOCOMOTITE  ENGINES, 
Especially  adapted  to  Every  Variety  of  Railroad  Use,  including 

Mining  Eugines  and  Locomotives  for  Narrow  Gauge  Railways. 

ALL    WORK   ACCURATELY    FITTED    TO    GAUGES,    AND    THOROUGHLY    INTERCHANGEABLE. 


Plan,  Materials,  Workmanship,  Finish  and  Efficiency  Fully  Guaranteed 
M.  BAIRD,  CHAS.  T.  PARRY.  WM.  P.  HENSZEY, 

GEO.  BURNHAM  EDWARD  H.  WILLIAMS,  EDWARD  LONGSTRETH. 

By  Williams,  BlanchAed  &  Co.,  Agents,  218  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  apl-eow26t 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

F.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

.    of  all  descriptions. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

jo  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 

All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

[YOUR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beach    Street,    Philadelphia,    Perm. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

t&~  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROWGAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  aud  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  -were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND   PHOTOGRAPHS. 


THE    RISDOIV 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL 51,000,000. 

LOCATION~OF    WORKS: 

Corner  of  Beale  and  howuiil  Streets, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  loweBt 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  dtftable  than  ordinary  iron. 

IHractorat 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brcnham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

Jumes  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MfiAD Secretary. 

2*vl7-qy 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OT 

STEAM  JEHVGIIVIES,  BOIL.ER8, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

Dunbar'*  Patent  Self- Ad  lasting  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 
And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery- 
Front  Street,  between  IV  and  O  streets, 

1**1  StimwuHwi  Citt 


Machinery. 


HYDRAULIC    CHIEF. 


WHY   THE   WILSON 

Patent    Steam    Stamp    Mill 

IS  THE  BEST  AND 

Most  Desirable  Mill  for  Crashing  Ores. 


Because  the  company  give  a  responsible  guarantee 
that  the  purchasers  shall  be  under  no  expense  for  re- 
pairs for  TWELVE  MONTHS,  and  guarantee  the  mill  to 
crush  (regular  work)  On«  Ton  Per  Hour  of  the  Hardest 
Quartz  through  the  ordinary  screens. 


THERE    IS    A    SAVING 


of  from  Twenty  to  Forty  per  cent,  running  expenses. 


To  put  one  of  the  Wilson  Mills  over  the  mountains, 
from  $10,000  to  $18,000  is  saved  in  First  Cost. 


The  Wilson  MiU  will  save  in  working  expenses  and 
repairs  enough  every  six  months  to  PAY  FOR  ITSELF. 


IN  EVERY  PARTICULAR 

This    Mill   is   Greatly   Superior  to   the 

Ordinary   Cam   Stamp    Mill. 
RECOLLECT 

This    Mill    is    Fully  Guaranteed 

to  do  and  be  all  we  claim  for  It. 

DO    NOT    BE    DECEIVED 

by  the  cry  of  "  Humbng,"  but  call  and  Investigate  its 
merits.  One  can  always  be  seen  at  the  Pacific  Iron 
Works. 

Ten  of  these  Mills  are  now  in  operation. 

For  further  particulars  address 

FUR  MAN    IE.     WILSON, 

San  Francisco. 


TRAVIS  &  WAGNER! 


m 


m. 

h 


agents  r on       • 

Dufour  &  Co's., 

Celebrated    Dutch 
Anchor  brand  Bolt- 
ing Cloths;     Smut 
Machines;     Bran 
^  Dusters;MillPicks: 
Sg:  Mill  Picks  dressed; 
^  Millstonesrepaired 
^  rebuilt   and    bal- 
ftg='  a  need. 

§S'   MANUFACTURERS  OF 

W    French  Burr    Mill 

Stones,       Portable 

Mills  of    all  sizes, 

from  Id  to  3fi  inches,   for  grinding  Corn,  Barley,  Feed, 

Salt,  Paints,  Drugs,  kc.    Mills   specially  adapted  for 

grinding  Quartz. 

2v22-lyius  41  First  st.,  San  Francisco. 


SM 


Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


SHEET    IROIV    PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 
Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  tu 
lay  the    same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing    a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  OAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rites. 

BS?*  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  1S5  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kikdb  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Sails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges. Ship  and  Steamboat  Bellsand 
■Songsofauperiortone.  All  klndsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Jly 
traullc  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
»®-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -ffiff 
J.   H.  WEED'  V.  KINGWELL. 


OAST    IltOIST    PIPE, 

FOR    WATER    AND    GAS. 

PIPE  of  all  sizes,  of  a  very  superior  quality,  is  now 
being  made  at  the 

Pacific  Iron   Works, 

J?In  this  city,  under  the  Patents  of  Farrar  &  Whiting. 
17v23-3m  GODDARD  &  CO. 


MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing.  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
3F»r  Rahjioad,  Car,  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
Q&r  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

A.   FAY   &  CO.. 

ClNCTNNATI,   OFJTO. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  C0.; 

MANUFACTURERS     OF 


WOOD-WORKING   MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 
Philadelphia. 


8^"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v23-ly 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Diqs, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.        19v23-3m 


CAST    STEEL     FILES. 

John  T.  Bunker  &  Co.'s— We  wish  to  inform 
Dealers  and  Iron  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  these 
celebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  superior  inducements 
to  introduce  them.     (22-v23-3m)         HOOKER  &  CO, 


January  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


31 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE    HIGHEST    PREMIUM 

Awarded  by  the  Mt  eli;uius'  In^lituh.-  Fair.  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  Bute  Fair,  SaiTuJuciitn,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  nil  rngiueers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  lined;  feed  con- 
ntniitly  by  prestmre  of  condensed  Wafer  supplied  by 
pip*'  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and fovced 
out  through  chock  valve  and  pipe  B  iuto  the  strain  pipe 
C;  It  t>  on  becomes  greasy  Hteam,  passes  to  :ill  tin 
Valve*  and  cyltnd'  r  at  ever?  Strobe  Ot  the  engine;  glass 
tube  1  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
toil.,  uiid  stems  lasts  lunger,  uud  the  rims  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode,  One  pint  i.f  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  spued  and  size  of  engine;  1, 
Aiding  gaugdi  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  BioppB; 
H,  F,  valve*  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  dots  not 
cnterthecup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  M.  1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  BrasB  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24V23ti 


THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOYE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

"WTJLIilAM    ERIEIi,    Manufacturer,! 

No.  09  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.    Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.     County  Bights  for  sale. 

10v23-6m 

NELSON   -&  DOBLE, 

AGBNTB  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sledsea,    Huminen,    Stone    Cutter**,    Black 

•mllhV  it  mi  Btorge-Shoerg'  Tool*. 
13  and  lli  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
WvUur 

RICKARD  &    DURDEN'S 
ANTI-SCALE     COMPOUND, 

For  the  Prevention  of  Incrustation  in  Steam  Boilers, 
Patented  July  25,  1871. 

The  Cheapest  and  Most  Effectual  Material  for  the 
purpose  ever  introduced. 
References— Eisen  Bros.,  Pioneer  Flour  Mills;   TJ.  S. 

B.  Mint,  S,  F.;  Korbel  &  Bros.,  South  Purk  Saw  Mills; 
Miners'  Foundry,  Paciiic  Iron  Works,  Etna  Iron  Works, 
Pacific  S"w  Factory,  Nelson  &  Doble,  Messrs.  Hobbs  & 
Gilmore,  Etc.,  Etc.  Send  for  Circular  with  Testimo- 
nials and  Directions. 

A.&EJS  TS: 

Fjdwabu  Gallagheb, 610  Front  street,  S.  F. 

C.  M.  Cornell 72  South  C  street,  Virginia,  Not  . 

Mott,  Fish  &  Co Main  Btreet,  Hamilton,  Nov. 

JOs*.    THORNHILL, 

BKnsi.viEK     AND     CONTRACTOB. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Work, 
such  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,  &c, 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  White,  47  Clay  Street,  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  1612  Mason  St.,  near  Green,  will  he 
promptly  attended  to,  24v21-3m 


Hoskin's  Patent  Little  Giant  Hydraulic  Pipe  Joint  and  Nozzle. 


Tho  H.,1  .\j>i>:li:i|ui.  C,r  Hyilnuliu  Mining  iii  Hi.  nuikel 
Ounnteed  to  glTe  MtifiAicllon.  PorUblo,  siwpiw,  I'urabi, 
not  likely  lo  Deed  repairs,  und  eastlv  repaired. 


By  BrrfiDK0mcut  with  Mi'sbi-h.  R.  R.  fcj.  CRAIG.-J.  am  Ihoh 
M)le  llconseo.  lull  the  only  apparatus  which  does  not  In 
Mnge  on  any  other  patents.    All  uthera  tatrtn 

Hoskin'b,  anil  parties  found  uhing  without  conaant  or  ijut- 
onteea  will  be  prosacuti  il. 
Send  for  Circular  uuil  Testimonials  to 

E.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal. 


CAMERON'S 

>.rj:.v>i    pumps. 

PICKlBDia'S 

Uiijjiiio    Regulators, 

QITFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOI/S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface   Condensers. 
DAVlFsTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  P. 


HUGHES'    PATENT 

REMOVABLE    GLOBE    LANTERN. 

Since  the  time  whoa  King  Alfred  made  the  first  lantern  by  surrounding  a  caudle 
with  a  transparent  casing  of  horn,  this  class  of  appliances  has  been  one  of  the  greatest 
utility  and  most  extended  use.  Among  the  latest  improvements  in  itgjgpnBti notion  ih 
that  illustrated  in  tho  accompanying  engravings,  and  designed  to  secure  tho  threefold 
objecCof  providing  for  the  easy  cleansing  of  the  glass  portion,  the  secure  retention  of 
the  upper  in  place  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  lantern,  and  the  affixing  of  the  ball  to  the 
top  of  the  lantern  in  a  durable  and  efficient  manner.  The  base  of  the  lantern  is  pro- 
vided with  tho  usual  detachable  lamp,  and  at 
one  Bide  has  hinged  to  its  upper  edge  a  wire 
frame  desigped  to  carry  and  protect  the  glass 
portion  or  body  of  the  lantern,  andat  the  upper 
end  of  which  is  the  cylindrical  top,  perforated 
in  the  ordinary  manner  to  permit  the  escape  of 
the  products  of  combustion  from  tho  lamp. 
Arranged  at  that  side  of  the  baBO  opposite  the 

hinge  is  an  angular  spring-catch  so  applied  as  to  catch  over  the  annular  lower  rim  of 
the  wire  frame,  and  in  conjunction  wilh  the  hinge,  to  hold  the  said  frame  firmly  in 
place  upon  the  base  as  required  when  the  lantern  is  in  use.- 

This  Lantern  is  offered  as 

The    Best    and    Most    Desirable    in    Use, 

all  things  considered.    Its  price  is  reasonable,  and  when  once  tried  no  other  will  be  accepted. 

Individuals,  Dealers,  Railroad  Companies,  and  all  persons  and  institutions  about  to  purchase  Lanterns, 
should  inquire  for  this  bind  ;  and  if  not  for  sale  in  your  locality,  address  the  inventor  for  circular  of  full  de- 
scription, price  list,  etc. 

Patented  August  10  and  December  28, 18G9,  by 

JOHN    HUGHES. 

Address  1811  Sidney  street,  East  Birmingham,  Pa,  3v23-2t  am6m 

Samples  May  be  Seen  at  Wiester  &  Co.'s 

17  New  Montgomery  Street,  San  FranciFco,  Cal. 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  Btreet,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BEAPEKAN1)  MOWEB  SKC'flO.XS.BARS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  GO  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  OvlO-by 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
UOILER,     MAKERS* 

AND  GENERAL,  MACHINISTS, 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     AND     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Bcass  Foundry) . 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.     En- 
trance on  Natoma  street.  6v23-3m 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and . I.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  bstere,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  KANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GTJS.  BURT. 


STEAM    POWER. 


The  second  and  third  stories  of  the  west  half  of  the 
Mechanics'  Mill, corner  of  Mission  andFremont  streets, 
to  let,  with  Steam  Power.  Frontage  about  70  by  127 
feet,  but  the  rear  half  is  only  about  40  feet  wide.  To  be 
let  in  whole  or  in  part,  to  one  or  more  tenants. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

FRANK  KENNEDY, 
604  Merchant  street,  San  FruiKisco. ■ 


2Sv23-lm 


ALL    NEW    AND     OLD    PROCESSES 


Mining,  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately   described   and   discussed,    and   the 

Latest    Ne-ws 

From  American  and  Foreign- Mines;  together  with  the 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  the  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Club,  ' 

and  other  Scientific  Bodies,  and 

WEEKLY    POPULAR    ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
"Will  be  found  in  tho 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R.  W.  RAYMOND  and  W.  P.  WARD,  Editors. 

Subscription,  $4,  currency,  per  annum  ;  $2.25  for  six 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Company, 

WILLARD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Row,  New  York. 
P.  O.  Box  4404.  25v23-tf 


AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Roasting'    Pteoelllons    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  sulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost.. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  Scientific  Pukss  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONROE    THOMSON, 

At  444  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice,  26v23-3m> 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  nil  kind,  of  Orel,  and  purlleulur  attention 
PAID  TO 

COXMUXM  EXTN  OF  GOODS. 

«v)63m 

Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

RiCBAnnspM  a-  Oo.  ban  been  tor  thirty  ream  utoblfehej 

mi  Sw«nwAa«  A eunts  tor  th.t  nri'jmnii  ioo.  Nu milling,  A-oiir- 
iii(t,  and  S.-.I.-  Mt  (■„,,!„.,.,  silMT.  <;.,!. I.  I,. ■n.1,  ziiH'.niiri  all 
utlii-r  Orumiml  MihU  -,  i.-rwhi-jh  th.n  li.iv,  >\U  -iiMve  Ware- 
houses and  WharvuH  uiulcr  cover,  l,0u0  feet  of  Qunv  I'nml- 
aga  within  the  [floating  Dock  and  the  mott  complete  Mm- 
ohinory  and  Appliances,  Thpj  art  also  prepared  to  make 
liilvunces  .ttru.Dst  Urea  in  anticipation  of  reili/ation,  ami  to 
guarantee  all  payments  uhon  required.  Stitt-lya 


LOUIS  FALKENATJ, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

•l'-M    Montiroiut-ry  N|.  up  »talrn. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Orra, 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Prodmlts,  Mimtrul  Vetera, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practl- 
cal  instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
brunch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 

LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  TJ.  8.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.J 

Assayer  and  Metallurgical 
CHEMIST. 

No.    Ol  1     di  m  in  or*.' l  ;i  l    Street. 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Minti 

San  Francisco,  Oal.  7v21-3m 


NEVADA  METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

10  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

1CIOTTK  A     MCK1IAKIIT. 

Ores   Cr  imbed,    Suihi>UmI    nnd    Annuyed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  we  now  prepared  to 
malte  Vt'orkiug  tests  by  any  process,  unsay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  K*unTanteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  2Gv21-3m 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY    OFFICE 

No.    513    CALIFORNIA.    STREET, 

Ono  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Fbancisco. 

J.    A.    MAES,    Assayer. 
C^1"  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v20 


a.  \v.  smotia. 


W.  L.  STltONQ 


G.   W.   STRONG   &  CO., 
Metallurgical    "^Vor-lcs, 

No.  10  StevenBon  Street,  near  First,-  San  Fkakoisgo 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23y22tl 

~  PLAflNUF" 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  P.AYNOK, 
25  Bond  Btreet,  New  Tork. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pi'^ehased.  22vL8 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  DIacliines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  moiits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows* 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pull- to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  appertnre-  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Tnence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Sellers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


GOLD-SAVING 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOR    MINERS    AND    MILL    MEN, 

AtSan  Francisco  Plating-  "Works,  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 

Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  Q.  DENNISTON,  Proprietor. 
2tv22-3m 


AVERILL'S 

Of  any  desired  Sriade  or  Color, 
Mixed  ready  for  application,  and  sold  by  the  gallon 

It  is  Cheaper,  Handsomer,  more  Durable  and  Elastic 
than  the  best  of  any  other  Paint. 

Office,  corner  Fourth   and   Townsend   streets, 
Francisco.  HELY  &  JEWELL,  Agents, 

16v23.3m 


32 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


f January  13,  187a. 


The  Scientific  Press  for  1872 
Still  Marching  Onward ! 

Oar  careful  system  of  compiling,  judiciously  con- 
densing, and  conveniently  arranging  into  regular  de- 
partments, has  been  heartily  endorsed.  It  renders  the 
paper  -worth  more  to  readers,  who  can  find  handily  that 
■which  interests  them  most.  This  plan  will  be  con- 
tinued in  Volume  XXIV. 

The  weekly  issues  of  the  Pbess  will  contain  reliable 

Information  for  Practical  Miners, 

Treating  on  the  Opening  of  MineB ;  Mining  of  Ores ; 
Milling  of  Ores ;  Smelting  of  Ores ;  Separation  and 
Roasting  of  Ores  ;  Amalgamation  ;  Saving  of  Gold  and 
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ting specifications  from  Eastern  agencies  back 
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Confidential. 

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DEWEY   &  CO.' 

SoTENnna  Pbess  and  Pacific  Ritual  Pkess 
Office,  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


BY    DEWEY    &    CO. 
Patent    Solicitors*. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  20,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
W  umber    3. 


Rickey's  Improved  Bung  and  Bung 
Inserter. 

A  cheap,  convenient  and  perfoctly  tight 
bung  has  long  been'a  necessity,  especially 
for  brewers  purposes,  where  they  are  liable 
to  leak  or  be  blown  out  if  they  are  not  per- 
fectly fitted  and  secured.  Many  different 
kinds  of  patent  bungs  have  been  offered 
to  the  pnblic  from  time  to  time,  but  each 
of  them  has  been  thrown  to  one  side  after 
a  short  trial  as  defective  or  wanting  in 
some  particular.  The  illustration  pre- 
sented herewith  represents  Bickey 's  Patent 
Bung  and  Bung  Inserter,  the  latter  being 
an  instrument  devised  by  Mr.  Biekey  for 
screwing  the  bushing  into  which  the  bung 
or  plug  fits,  into  the  barrel  stave.  The 
bung  seems  to  us  to  be  quite  complete  and 
we  see  no  reason  why  it  will  not  eventually 
take  the  place   in  the  market  of  all  others. 

By  referring  to  the  outs,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  central  figure,  A,  is  the  metallic 
ring  or  bushing,  which  is  provided  with 
internal  and  external  screw-threads  in  the 
ordinary  manner.  This  ring  is  made 
slightly  tapering  or  conical  and  the  threads 
narrow  at  the  base  and  quite  sharp,  so  that 
when  it  is  screwed  into  a  hole  of  the  proper 
size  it  will  out  its  own  threads.  This  may  be 
done  by  theuse  of  the  bung  inserter,  shown 
on  the  left-hand  side.  The  inserter  consists 
of  a  metal  standard,  E,  in  the  upper  end 
of  which  is  a  hole.  The  base  of  this  stand- 
ard is  made  of  tbe  same  size  as  the  bung 
and  provided  with  screw  threads  as  shown. 
Besting  upon  this  base  and  encircling  the 
standard,  E,  is  a  ring,  g,  in  the  upper  face 
of  which  and  opposite  each  other,  are  two 
oppositely  inclined'depressions,  as  shown, 
and  passing  through  the  standard  so  that 
its  opposite  ends  will  rest  in  these  depres- 
sions is  a  bar,  /. 

To  use  this  inserter  the  base  is  screwed 
into  the  bushing  until  the  ring,  g,  is 
brought  down  against  the  face  of  the  bush. 
The  standard,  E,  is  then  turned  until  the 
ends  of  the  bar,  f,  rest  as  far  as  possible 
up  the  incline  of  the  depressions.  The 
base  is  then  screwed  down  until  the  ring 
rests  upon  the  face  of  the  bushing.  A 
proper-sized  hole  having  been  first  made 
in  the  barrel  stave  by  means  of  a  bung 
borer,  the  bushing  is  started  into  it,  when, 
by  placing  a  rod  through  the  hole  in  the 
standard  as  a  lever  the  bushing  can  be 
screwed  into  the  hole  in  the  stave  until  it 
is  snugly  down;  and  when  once  it  has 
been  thus  forced  down  so  as  to  cut  its  own 
thread  it  cannot  be  started  by  ordinary 
means,  and  will  not  leak.  After  the  bush- 
ing has  been  firmly  screwed  down  the  in- 
serter can  be  readily  removed  by  turning 
the  standard,  E,  in  a  reverse  direction 
which  causes  the  bar,  f,  to  move  to  the 
lowest  part  of  the  depression  and  relieves 
the  pressure  on  the  screw. 

In  the  ordinary  bung  the  washer  is 
merely  placed  on  the  projecting  seat  on 
the  lower  end  of  the  bushing  and  the  bung 
screwed  down  upon  it,  thus  leaving  it  free 
to  be  washed  out  every  time  the  barrel  is 
cleansed,  and,  if  left  for  any  length  of  time 


tho  leather  becomes  hard  and  adheres  both 
to  the  seat  in  the  bushing  and  to  the  bung 
so  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  remove 
the  bung.  Tho  one  illustrated  entirely 
obviates  this  difficulty  and  is  also  provided 
with  more  convenient  means  for  being 
turned.  B  represents  a  top  view  of  the 
bung  which  is  cast  with  a  square  socket  in 
its  upper  face,  the  sides  slightly  convexed 
into  which  the  wrench,  R,  is  made  to  fit. 
The  Fig.  marked,  B,  C,  D,  shows  the 
bottom  of  the  bung  with  the  disk,  C,  at- 
tached by  means  of  the  stem  as  seen  at  B, 
in  the  right  hand  figure.  0  represents  a 
metallic  disk,  having  a  projecting  flange 
on  its  under  side  around  which  a  groove 
is  turned.  The  washer  (either  leather  or 
rubber)  is  stretched  over  the  lower  flange 
so  as  to  fit  in  the  groove,  around  the  outer 
edge  of  the  disk  and  thus  be  permanently 
fixed  upon  it.     The  stem  projecting   from 


and  the  leverage  obtained  by  using  a  bar 
in  the  hole  in  the  standard  of  that  tool, 
the  bushing  can  be  screwed  down  as  deep 
as  required. 

The  importance  of  this  ingenious  and 
useful  invention  is  readily  seen  when  the 
number  of  barrels  and  casks  that  are  used 
on  this  coast  are  taken  into  consideration, 
and  all  made  of  imported  material,  causing 
them  to  be  an  expensive  article.  The 
wear  and  tear  on  barrels  is  principally  on 
the  bung  stave,  which  is  always  the  best 
stave  in  the  barrel,  but  nevertheless  the 
first  to  give  out,  owing  to  the  difficulty  in 
always  finding  a  bung  of  the  proper  size  or 
shape,  in  consequence  of  the  hole  becom- 
ing elongated.  The  wood  in  the  hole  pre- 
sents two  different  surfaces,  one  with  the 
grain  of  the  wood  at  the  sides  and  the 
other  against  it.  To  avoid  this  it  becomes 
neeesssary  to  frequently  bore  or  burn  them 


RICKEY'S    IMPROVED     BUNG     AND     BUNG     INSERTER. 


the  upper  center  of  this  disk  passes  up 
through  a  hole  in  the  bottom  of  the  bung, 
B,  as  shown,  into  the  socket  where  a 
washer  is  placed  over  it  and  it  is  headed 
down.  By  this  means  the  disk  is  attached 
to  the  bottom  of  the  bung  so  as  to  revolve 
independently. 

The  object  of  this  is  to  allow  the  disk 
and  washer,  as  soon  as  the  washer  has 
touched  the  seat  in  the  bushing,  to  remain 
stationary  until  the  bung  is  firmly  screwed 
down.  When  the  bang  has  remained  this 
way  any  length  of  time  and  it  is  desired 
to  remove  it,  by  unscrewing  the  bung,  the 
disk  and  washer  will  be  lifted  directly  up- 
ward by  the  screws  aud  thus  avoid  the 
trouble  heretofore  experienced  on  account 
of  its  adhesion.  Z>  represents  the  washer 
which  is  to  be  stretched  into  the  groove  in 
the  disk,  and  can  be  made  either  of  leather 
or  rubber  as  desired. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  bushing,  A,  as 
shown  in  the  lower  cut,  sets  below  the 
face  of  the  stave.  This  is  done  without' 
any  preparation  of  the  hole,  with  the  use 
of  but  a  common  bung-borer.  The  threads 
of  the  bushing  are  sharp,  and  as  said  be- 
fore, the  bushing  is  made  slightly  taper- 
ing, so  thatby  the  use  of  the  bung  inserter 


out,  in  order  to  keep  them  round.  Each  op- 
eration qf  this  sort  necesearily  enlarges  the 
hole  and  weakens  the  stave,  and  for  this 
reason  the  bung  in  a  new  barrel  is  left 
much  too  small  for  convenience.  More- 
over, if  by  carelessness  or  an  extra  quali- 
ty of  timber  the  hole  is  not  enlarged  by 
this  means,  it  becomes  necessary  after 
awhile  to  take  out  the  head  of  the  cask  to 
get  at  the  corks  that  have  been  driven  in. 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  that  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  keep  these  holes  of  uniform  size, 
and  consequently  a  great  variety  of  diff- 
erent sized  bungs  are  required,  and  these 
have  to  be  selected  with  care  for  each  dif- 
ferent barrel,  consuming  considerable 
time.  These  bungs  "are  frequently  made 
of  old  staves  and  vary  in  thickness.  The 
thin  ones  if  a  good  fit,  form  a  shoulder  at 
the  bottom,  which,  when  a  thicker  one  is 
driven  in,  is  broken  and  the  lower  end  of  the 
wood  around  the  hole  becomes  a  mass  of 
splinters,  rendering  it  difficult  to  clean,  and 
liable  to  leak.  The  object  of  the  above  men- 
tioned improvement  is,  not  only  to  pro- 
vide a  means  that  will  preserve  the  bung- 
stave  as  long  as  any  other  stave  in  the  bar- 
rel, but  to  furnish  a  safe  and  reliable 
bung  which  will  be  a  great  saving  of  la- 


bor. This  improvement  has  been  thor- 
oughly tested  by  all  the  brewers  of  San 
Francisco,  and  has  given  general  satisfac- 
tion. One  firm  alone  in  this  city,  Messrs. 
Mangels  &  Co.,  of  the  Albany  Brewery, 
have  about  1,(100  in  use,  and  heartily  rec- 
ommend them.  The  patent  for  this  de- 
vice was  secured  through  the  Scientific 
Press' Agency  by  D.  B.  Bickey,  who  may  be 
addressed  at  No.  Ill  and  113  Davis  street, 
San  Francisco. 


A  New  Stock  Board. 

The  amount  of  business  which  has  been 
transacted  in  mining  and  other  stocks 
during  the  past  few  mouths  in  the  San 
Francisco  Stock  Board  and  on  the  streets 
has  been  much  greater  than  at  any  time 
since  its  formation.  The  protracted  ses- 
sions and  heavy  business  of  the  old  Board 
has  caused  considerable  dissatisfaction 
among  some  of  the  dealers,  who  complain 
that  they  cannot  transact  their  full  busi- 
ness. The  meetings  of  the  Board  have  been 
necessarily  prolonged  over  the  usual  time 
in  order  to  permit  the  brokers  to  buy  and 
sell  the  full  amount  of  their  orders.  In 
view  of  this  a  number  of  dealers  and  bro- 
kers convened  on  Saturday  evening  last 
at  John  Middleton  &  Son's  auction  rooms 
for  the  purpose  of  organizing  a  new.Board. 

The  new  organization  is  to  consist  of  40 
charter  members  who  are  to  pay  an  initia- 
tion fee  of  $100  each,  and  to  these  may  be 
added  at  the  discretion  of  the  Board,  ten 
special  members  who  are  to  pay  inSOO  each 
for  that  privilege.  The  name  adopted  is 
"The  California  Stock  and  Exchange 
Board."  Two  meetings  are  to  be  held 
daily — from  quarter  past  10  to  11  a.m. 
and  from  quarter  past  2  to  3  p.m.  These 
hours  have  been  chosen  so  as  to  permit 
persons  to  transact  business  in  the  in  old 
Board,  which  meets  after  the  adjournment 
of  the  new  one.  The  price  to  be  paid  for 
placing  any  stock  on  the  list  of  the  Board 
is  to  be  $50.  With  this  exception  all  the 
rules  of  the  San  Francisco  Stock  Board 
have  been  adopted,  as  they  have  been 
found  to  work  well  in  practice.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  40  charter  members: 

George  W.  Bamage,  T.  J.  L.  Smiley, 
John  Middleton,  E.  J.  Baldwin,  W.  W. 
Lawton,  A.  Difthat,  A.  C.  Chick,  J.  F. 
Crossett,  C.  Hosmer,  B.  M  Eudsdale,  T.  J. 
Poulterer,  T.  J.  Sanborn,  F.  Wolff,  E.  L. 
Smith,  E.  Broderick,  H.  S.  Logan,  E.  S. 
Tibbey,  J.  McKenty,  H.  S.  Fitch,  J.  Ma- 
rina, J.  P.  Canton,  George  S.  Sorren,  M. 
D.  Townsend,  W.  H.  Wright,  J.  H. 
Owens,  E.  J.  White,  P.  H.  Phebe,  B.  T. 
Kent,  Samuel  Barrell,  Simon  Marks,  C.  A. 
Kenney,  William  H.  Brown,  D.  Fay,  J. 
Kloppenstein,  W.  J.  Smith,  Samuel  Hein- 
eman,  George  Bogers,  Charles  L.  Wel- 
ler,  W.  J.  Williams,  John  Harper. 

Mineral  Discoveries  in  Asiatic  Eussia. 
Mines  of  extraordinary  value  are  said  to 
have  been  recently  discovered  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Semipalatinski,  Siberia.  Copper 
mines  yielding  60  per  cent.;  lead  mines  of 
70  per  cent.;  silver  "  one-seventh  of  pure 
ore  "  and  coal  yielding  60  to  90  per  cent, 
of  coke  are  reported. 


34 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  20, 1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mines  Near  Deer  Lodge,  M.  T. 

[By  Oun  Otto  Tba-veleb.] 
Deer  Lodge. 
This  town  is  the  county  seat  of  Deer 
Lodge  county,  and  is  situated  in"a  valley  of 
the  same  name.  A  number  of  fine  build- 
ings have  been  erected  during  the  past 
year,  but.  like .  many  other  towns  on  this 
coast  its  future  prosperity  seems  to  depend 
on  the  movements  of  a  certain  railroad 
company  more  than  on  its  own  merits. 
Still,  if  the  inhabitants  would  place  more 
faith  in  the  really  excellent  mines  in  their 
vicinity  and  in  the  advantages  they  possess 
in  having  a  fine  stock  range  and  a  country 
well  adapted  for  agricultural  pursuits,  in 
my  opinion  a  railroad  would  make  much 
less  difference  to  them  than  they  suppose. 
The  Odd  Fellows  and  Masonic  Fraternity 
are  well  represented  here  and  their  lodges 
are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Two  week- 
ly papers  are  published  here,  the  New 
North  West  and  Independent,  both  excellent 
publications  and  well  adapted  to  the  wants 
of  the  community.  Through  first-class 
tickets  are  sold  from  this  place  to  San 
Francisco  for  $115,  and  second-class  for 
$95. 

Gold  Production. 
In  this  place  are  two  banking  institu- 
tions, both  buying  gold  dust  from  the  min- 
ers. To  give  you  some  idea  of  the  pro- 
duction of  gold  of  this  country  I  will  fur- 
nish you  with  a  few  figures,  given  to  me 
from  the  books  of  one  of  these  firms,  Bo- 
lim  &  Co.,  of  the  amount  shipped  by  them 
during  four  months  of  this  year.  For  the 
month  of  June  they  shipped  118,000  ozs. ; 
July,  219,000;  August,  25;i,000;.September, 
109,000,  making  a  total  of  699,000  ounces. 
"When  you  take  into  consideration  the  fact, 
that  besides  the  other  bank  here,  there  are 
a  number  of  them  in  Helena  only  about  six 
hours  ride  from  here,  which  are  all  buying 
dust,  and  that  large  quantities  are  carried 
away  by  individuals,  the  grand  total  of  dol- 
lars is  enormous.  The  above  firm  informs 
me,  moreover,  that  their  shipments  have 
fallen  off  since  last  year  fully  25  per  cent, 
for  the  reason  that  a  number  of  the  miners 
are  shipping  direct  to  the  States  and  a 
large  amount  is  being  invested  in  improv- 
ing and  developing  mining  properties. 
The  Mines. 
There  are  quite  a  number  of  mining  dis- 
tricts in  the  vicinity  of  Deer  Lodge  within 
a  radius  of  50  miles,  and  the  mines  are 
principally  placers.  The  quartz  mines  at 
Phillipsburg  are  in  a  flourishing  condition 
and  work  is  being  prosecuted  vigorously. 
The  Speckled  Trout  mine  is  one  of  the 
principal  ones,  and  developments  prove  it 
to  be  a  ledge  of  more  than  ordinary  rich- 
ness. Captain  Plaisted  took  out  of  a  mine 
that  he  was  working  last  winter  $24,000, 
and  last  fall  he  leased  a  10-stamp  mill  with 
six  pans,  which  will  work  ores  from  the 
Alta  and  other  mines  in  the  district.  The 
process  of  reducing  base  metal  ores  by  dry 
crushing,  roasting  with  salt  and  barrel 
amalgamation ,  has  been  practically  proved 
a  success  in  this  District,  and  the  per  cent, 
of  the  assayed  value  of  the  raw  ores  saved 
by  mills  working  free  ores. 
Pioneer  City 
Is  situated  but  a  few  hours  ride  from  Deer 
Lodge.  It  is  a  flourishing  placer  mining 
camp  containing  four  large  groceries,  two 
hotels,  a  good  school,  two  breweries,  etc. 
The  gold  taken  out  in  the  camp  is  worth 
from  $18.50  to  $19  per  ounce.  Near  the  city 
are  located  many  valuable  claim ;  the  first 
I  visited  was  one  known  as  the  Pioneer, 
owned  by  Thomas  &  Bros,  2,400  feet  on 
the  bar  and  1,500  feet  wide.  They  have 
two  pipes  running  night  and  day.  They 
clean  up  weekly  from  $1,000  to  $5,000. 
The  mining  season  lasts  here  from  about 
the  15th  of  April  to  November.  ;They  have 
cleaned  during  the  lastseason  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  $60,000.  Twelve  hands  are 
employed. 

A  short  distance  from  this  is  another 
good  claim  owned  by  B.  S.  Kelly,  J.  S. 
Pemberton,  and  S.  Gibbons.  The  gravel 
banks  vary  from  6  to  18  feet  in  depth  and 
the  gold  is  very  coarse.  The  claim  pays 
handsomely.  The  property  of  this  claim 
is  three-fourths  of  a  mile  long  and  800  feet 
wide.    They  use  gum  hose,  5  inches  in 


diameter,  which  will  stand  a  pressure  of 
200  pounds.  These  two  companies  are  the 
two  leading  ones  of  the  place.  A  few 
miles  distant  is 

Yam  Hill, 
Which  is  located  between  Pike's  Peak  and 
Pioneer  city,  and  is  a  very  rich  camp.  The 
waters  furnished  to  the  miners  is  sold  at 
25  cents  per  inch  for  first  head,  and  15 
cents  second  head.  The  miners  complain 
of  the  high  price  and  say  that  if  it  was  re- 
duced to  12%  cents  per  inch  it  would  put 
three  times  as  many  men  at  work  in  the 
diggings  during  the  mining  season  as  there 
are  now.  Near  Yam  Hill  is.  a  place  called 
Pilgrim  Bar. 
On  this  bar  is  a  claim  owned  by  Wm. 
Boes,  from  which  $50,000  were  taken  out 
in  August,  and  in  September  $46,000  (cur- 
rency) .  This  will  give  you  some  idea  of 
the  value  of  the  placer  mines  in  the  vicin- 
ity.   There  are  a  number  of  other 

Mining  Localities, 
Scattered  in  different  directions  through- 
out this  section,  all  of  which  seem  to  be 
prospering.  At  the  Henderson  Gulch  a 
number  of  men  are  at  work,  some  of  them 
averaging  as  high  as  from  $12  to  $20  per 
day  to  the  hand.  French  Gulch  and  Fe- 
nian Gulch  are  both  furnishing  their  quota 
to  the  bullion  product  of  the  country. 
Independence  Gulch  also  contains  some 
good  mining  ground.  The  Cable  City 
mines  are  producing  a  goodly  quantity  of 
"dust."  The  claims  at  the  Eace  Track 
mines  are  turning  out  well;  they,  like  most 
of  the  others  are  worked  by  hydraulic  pro- 
cess, but  the  expense  of  water  is  a  serious 
drawback.  w.  H.  si. 


Remarkable  Succession  of  Floods. 

How  To  Prevent  Destruction    by  Floods. 

It  is  a  notable  fact  that,  for  the  past 
sixty  years,  commencing  with  1812,  and 
concluding  with  the  present  year,  this  con- 
tinent has  been  regularly  visited  by  delu- 
ging floods  about  every  tenth  year.  In 
the  winter  of  1811-12  the  valley  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi was  flooded  to  such  an  extent 
that  boats  losing  the  channel,  were  drifted 
into  the  interior  and  stranded  upon  plan- 
tations, many  miles  away  from  the  river. 
In  1822,  ten  years  later,  this  coast  was 
visited  by  the  greatest  deluge  ever  known 
here.  In  1832  the  valleys  of  the  Ohio  and 
Mississippi  were  visited  by  another  memo- 
rable flood — in  fact  the  waters  of  the 
Ohio,  at  that  time,  rose  to  a  point  never 
attained  since.  At  the  same  time  the  Pa- 
cifice  coast  was  deluged,  but  not  to  such 
an  extent  as  in  1822. 

In  1842-'52-'62  and  now  in  1872  these  plu- 
vial visitations  have  occurred  invariably 
at  the  close,  or  rather,  at  the  beginning  of 
every  decade  as  can  be  proven  by  living 
witnesses. 

The  regular  recurrence  of  this  meteoro- 
logical phenomenon  should  be  enough  to 
satisfy  the  most  sceptical  that  astrono- 
mers and  other  scientists  are  correct  when 
they  affirm  that  disturbances  upon  the 
sun's  photosphere,  which  occur  about 
every  tenth  or  eleventh  year,  also  produce 
simultaneous  disturbances  in  the  electrical 
currents  of  the  earth  and  atmosphere, 
thereby  creating  storms,  tornados,  earth- 
quakes, typhoons  and  devastating  floods. 
If  this  be  true  (and  the  experience  of 
sixty  years,  as  well  as  philosophical  the- 
ory, renders  it  at  least  plausible)  we  may 
reasonably  expect  the  recurrence  of  a  flood 
every  tenth  or  eleventh  year  and  predict 
its  advent  with  as  much  precision  as  we 
can  predict  the  phases  of  the  moon,  or 
changes  of  the  season. 

In  view  of  the  absolute  certainty  of  these 
periodical  floodings,  it  is  the  duty  of  peo- 
ple living  in  the  valleys  and  on  the  mar- 
gin of  the  rivers  and  creeks,  in  this  State 
to  adopt  some  plan  to  save  their  farms 
and  gardens  from  being  overflowed  and 
ruined  by  the  rivers.  The  chief  source  of 
destruction  to  valley  lands  bordering  the 
streams,  is  the  abrasion  and  wearing  away 
of  the  banks  by  the  swollen  waters. 

For  some  inexplicable  reason,  an  Amer- 
ican farmer  never  can  learn  the  value  of 
trees  and  shrubs.  About  the  first  thing 
he  does  after  enclosing  his  farm  is  to  chop 
down,  grub  up  and  burn  up  every  natural 
tree,  bush  and  shrub  on  the  place.  Now 
every  rational  person  knows  that  a  loose, 
loamy  soil,  such  as  we  have  in  California, 
when  not  cemented  and  stayed  by  the 
roots  of  trees  and  shrubs  must  necessarily 
crumble  and  wash  away  when  attacked  by 
rapidly  running  streams. 

At  a  venture  we  suggest  that  the  banks 
of  all  the  streams  in  the  country  subject 
to  abrasion  be  immediately  planted  with 
yellow  German  willow,  or  common  basket 
willow  of  commerce.    This  shrub   grows 


rapidly  from  cuttings;  has  an  enormous 
spread  of  roots  and  the  more  it  is  cut  off 
the  wider  it  continues  to  spread.  In  ad- 
dition to  its  being  a  strengthener  of  the 
banks  against  abrasion,  it  will,  to  some  ex- 
tent be  valuable  in  the  manufacture  of 
wicker  ware. 

"We  merely  suggest  this  as  'a  starter 
without  stopping  to  consider  its  practica- 
bility; at  any  event;  something  should  be 
done  to  save  the  land  from  abrasion  by 
devastating  floods,  and  that  too  quickly. 

Truckee,  Nevada. 

During  a  recent  visit  to  this  place  I 
went  to  see  the  Truckee  Smelting  Works 
owned  by  Swain  &  Co.,  of  San  Francisco. 
These  large  and  extensive  works  are  situ- 
ated on  the  banks  of  the  Truckee  Biver. 
The  main  building  is  30x80  feet,  and  the 
ore  house  40x40  feet.  There  are  two  fur- 
naces 30  feet  high,  4  feet  square,  and  hav- 
ing a  capacity  of  10  tons,  each  lined  with 
the  best  fire  brick  from  San  Francisco. 
The  engine  used  is  10-horse  power.  An 
assay  office  is  connected  with  the  works 
under  the  management  of  M.  L.  Cross. 
The  bullion  is  sold  to  Selby  &  Co.,  of  San 
Francisco.  In  the  last  run  made,  before 
my  visit  they  turned  out25  tons  of  bullion 
in  10  days  which  averaged  148  ounces  of 
silver  to  the  ton.  They  have  a  large  shed 
40x80  feet  for  storing  charcoal,  and  have 
on  hand  for  winter  use  about  25,000  bush- 
els, which  cost  them  12  cents  per  bushel. 
Ores  are  brought  from  many  districts  in 
Nevada  and  Utah  along  the  railroad,  for 
reduction  at  these  works.  Mr.  Adlington 
is  foreman. 

Truckee  is  one  of  the  best  places  for  the 
lumber  business  in  Nevada,  and  a  large 
amount  of  the  very  best  lumber  is  out  and 
sawe  dhere.  Mr.  E.  Ellen  has  a  large  saw- 
mill from  which  he  turns  out  shingles, 
laths  and  all  descriptions  of  lumber.  The 
Truckee  Lumber  Co.  have  extensive  works 
here  also,  getting  their  water-power  from 
the  river  as  does  the  other  mill.  The  saw- 
mill is  50x120  feet  and  the  planing  mill 
40x120.  They  make  doors,  sashes,  blinds, 
etc.,  and  all  kinds  of  building  material. 
The  capacity  is  80,000  feet  of  lumber  per 
day  when  running  full.  A  turbine  wheel 
of  80-horse  power  is  in  use.  The  Truckee 
Hotel  at  the  railroad  depot,  kept  by  John 
F.  Moody,  is  the  best  in  the  place  and  has 
good  accommodations.  The  city  is  built 
up  with  good  substantial  edifices. 

W.  H.  M. 


The  Paul  Process  at  Dun  Glen. 

Editoes  Press: — In  my  last  I  spoke  of 
the  Lang  Syne  mine,  and  unwillingly 
made  an  error  which  demands  of  me 
another  letter  in  order  to  set  right.  The 
name  was  all  right  as  its  former  one  but 
recently  it  has  been  conveyed  to  the  in- 
corporation known  as  the  Great  Central 
Mining  Company  of  San  Francisco,  of 
which  G.  O'Hara  Taaffe  is  President. 
Sprague  &  Company  to  whom  I  attribu- 
ted its  ownership  are  the  large  owners  in 
it  however.  This  mine  is  now  being  de- 
veloped into  a  mine  of  some  importance. 
The  adit  tunnel  is  now  in  some  225  feet 
which  gives  100  feet  of  "backs"  to  work 
out.  They  have  two  fine  strata  of  pay  ore, 
and  have  out  for  hauling  to  mill  some  100 
tons  of  first-class  ore  and  as  much  more  of 
lower  grade.  The  ore  will  be  worked  by 
the  Paul  process  at  Sprague  &  Company's 
mill  of  which  I  wrote  you  in  my  last. 
This  mill  has  reduced  and  worked  ore  with 
such  success  that  it  is  now  considered  a 
risk  of  the  metal  to  work  by  the  old  way. 
Paul's  new  self -feeding  and  self-discharg- 
ing pulverizing  barrel  has  been  set  to  work 
lately  and  proves  to  be  a  thorough  and 
fast  pulverizer  and  is  as  great  a  success  as 
his  Process.  It  moves  without  the  least 
trouble  or  attention,  doing  a  large  amount 
of  work  and  takes  the  ore  from  No.  12  wire 
screens.  With  many  other  miners  I  have 
had  my  prejudices  against  "  Processes" 
and  new  things,  but  I  am  compelled  to 
accord  to  Mr.  Paul  the  credit  of  having 
brought  forth  something  radically  new, 
that  has  genuine  merit  in  it.  The  bullion 
of  base  ores  is  fine.  It  gets  more  metal 
out  of  our  ores  than  pans  possibly  can,  $2 
to  $1,  and  runs  right  along,  and  why  should 
not  one  give  in  to  such  stubborn  facts. 
Mr.  Paul  left  here  for  San  Francisco  about 
a  week  ago,  having  the  satisfaction  of  see- 
ing his  work  a  complete  success  and  re- 
ceiving the  good  wishes  of  all,  for  in  con- 
nection with  the  enterprise  of  Sprague  & 
Company  our  almost  deserted  camp  is  re- 


ceiving renewed  life  and  an  increase  of 
population.  Work  on  the  Tulalah  is  being 
pushed  ahead  vigorously. 

HUMBOLDTEE. 

Dun  Glen,  Nov.,  Jan.  11th,  1872. 

How  to  Keep  Prom  Freezing. 

Editoes  Peess: — I  have  heard  of  many 
persons  throughout  the  mountains  getting 
their  hands  and  feet  frozen  while  travel- 
ing; of  course  they  are  away  from  houses, 
or  material  for  the  speedy  kindling  of  a 
fire,  and  before  they  can  get  to  shelter  or 
timber,  frost  does  its  work.  Now  my  ob- 
ject in  communicating  this  to  the  Peess, 
is  that  a  slight  protection  against  such 
mishaps  may  receive  a  wide  circulation,  in 
mining  localities  situated  far  back  in  the 
mountains,  whore  snow  is  the  deepest,  and 
cold  intense.  At  South  Pass,  in  the  win- 
ter of  '68,  I  tried  the  method,  here  given, 
and  found  it  a  good  one. 

Take  an  ordinary  "  Dark  Lantern"  and 
fasten  it  at  the  waist,  in  front  of  the  per- 
son ;  have  the  coat,  cloak,  or  blanket  to 
cover  it,  so  that  if  riding  or  walking  the 
hands  can  b'e  placed  directly  on  it;  have 
the  vessel  that  contains  the  oil  so  fastened 
that  it  will  not  jostle  about,  even  if  you 
should  jump  up  and  down,  %r  fall  down. 
Use  oil  in  burning. 

The  one  I  used  was  a  small  affair,  and 
had  a  contrivance  to  close  over  and  ob- 
scure the  light,  and  also  an  arrangement 
fixed  so  that  a  belt  could  be  passed 
through  it,  and  around  the  waist,  thereby 
holding  it  firmly  in  its  place.  It  is  then 
convenient  for  the  hands,  andjin  an  extreme 
emergency  it  can  be  taken  off  and  the  feet 
warmed. 

For  persons  who  have  a  long  distance 
to  travel,  a  small  canteen  could  be  filled 
with  oil,  and  slung  over  the  shoulders,  a 
supply  would  then  be  on  hand  to  replen- 
ish the  lamp  or  to  aid  in  kindling  a  fire,  if 
necessary.  It  is  a  fact  that  most  persons 
are  frozen,  when  out  doors,  while  in  the 
act  of  kindling  a  fire  ;  the  material  is 
either  damp,  covered  with  snow  and  ice  or 
a  light  cannot  be  struck  ;  and  it  is  fre- 
quently the  case,  that  not  until  the  last 
minute  do  they  conclude  to  build  a  fire. 
With  one  of  these  dark  lanterns — com- 
monly called  a  "  Bnlls-eye" — and  a  little 
oil  the  traveler  has  constantly  with  him  a 
fire.  True,  it  is  but  a  small  blaze,  but 
what  a  delight  that  blaze  can  create  in  the 
feeling  of  lost  and  cold  travelers  ! 

Another  advantage  gained  by  having 
along  this  little  companion  on  a  dark  night, 
is  that  the  sliding  door  can  be  opened,  and 
the  light's  rays,  concentrated  through  the 
thick  glass  in  front,  thrown  along  the 
pathway  and  the  correctness  of  your  route 
determined,  or  any  obstruction  laying  in 
your  way  seen  and  its  passage  or  removal 
accomplished. 

The  advantage  of  this  little  lantern  can- 
not be  fully  understood,  or  rather  appre- 
ciated until  one  is  caught  far  from  settle- 
ments in  a  cold  dark  night. 

If  I  may,  through  these  few  instructions, 
be  the  cause  of  saving  any  one  from  freez- 
ing, the  mere  knowledge  will  be  a  pleas- 
ure to  me  through  life.       N.  L.  Tubneh. 

Ophir  City,  U.  T.,  Jan.,  1872. 


The  Cost  of  Epidemics. — The  statistics 
of  small-pox,  as  it  has  been  raging  in  Lon- 
don, are  frightful,  and,  all  things  consid- 
ered, mortifying,  since  they  show  that 
man  is  such  a  fool  that  he  cannot  profit  by 
the  knowledge  which  Providence,  or  his 
own  luck,  vouchsafes  to  him.  Notwith- 
standing the  assured  safety  which  vaccina- 
tion offers,  not  less  than  5,000  persons 
have  died  of  the  disease  in  London,  while 
at  least  100,000  have  been  maimed,  disfig- 
ured and  pauperized.  The  money  cost  to 
the  metropolis  of  the  epidemic  has  not 
been  less  than  $500,000.  But  this  disre- 
gard of  ordinary  precautions  is,  perhaps, 
no  greater,  though  it  may,  perhaps,  be 
better  defined  than  the  recklessness  which 
courts  the  advance  of  cholera  by  neglect- 
ing a  few  simple  sanitary  precautions. 
One  would  think  that,  as  a  race,  we  hated 
life,  instead  of  loving  it  too  well.  Our 
theory  is  that  to  its  preservation  all  other 
things  must  defer;  the  law  allows  every 
one  to  defend  it,  and  hangs  those  who  un- 
lawfully take  it;  but  for  all  this  we  go  on 
risking  it  and  losing  it,  as  if  we  had 
ninety-nine  existences  at  our  disposal  in- 
stead of  one. — Medical  and  Surgical  Re- 
porter.       

Heav?  Wheat. — Culpepper  county,  Va. , 
Farmer  says,  that  from  three  quarts  of  the 
Touzelle  wheat  sown  on  one-tenth  of  an 
acre,  he  harvested  five  bushels,  weigh- 
ing 66  pounds  to  the  bushel.  It  ripened 
June  lst,about  eight  days  earlier  than  other 
varieties. 


January  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


35 


^Jechanical   |?rogres& 


Machine  Puddling  a  Success. 

Ni.  improvement  in  modern  days  has 
been  more  earnestly  desired  by  tin.'  iron 
trade  than  a  successful,  practical  ma- 
chine pnddler.  The  attainment  of  such 
an  invention  can  not  be  considered  of  any 
less  value  than  the  Bessemer  process  of 
making  steel.  Various  devices  have  been 
tried  with  greater  or  less  sucoess,  the  most 
promising  of  which  have  been  based  upon 
the  principle  of  employing  a  rotary  cham- 
ber in  which  to  perform  tho  work.  Such 
devices  have  been  tried  both  in  this  coun- 
try ami  in  Europe,  and  have  been  found 
perfectly  practical  with  the  single  excep- 
tion of  tho  difficulty  attending  tho  pro- 
curement of  a  durable  liuiDg  for  tho 
chamber. 

During  tho  past  year,  snecess  in  this 
important  particular  has  been  claimed  by 
a  Mr.  Danks,  of  Cincinnati,  who  has  de- 
vised a  lining  which  is  said  to  fully  meet 
all  reasonable  requirements.  Mr.  D., 
after  putting  such  a  furnace  into  success- 
ful operation  in  Cincinnati,  went  to  Eng- 
land, of  which  country  ho  is  a  native,  and 
explained  his  process  in  au  elaborate  paper, 
lead  before  the  Iron  and  Steel  Institute. 
His  deportment  was  such  as  to  secure  the 
confidence  of  that  association  to  such  an 
extent  that  it  appointed  a  committee 
of  experts  to  return  with  him  and 
thoroughly  examine  into  the  merits  of  the 
alleged  invention.  This  commission  left 
England  early  in  October  last,  taking  with 
them  about  40  tons  of  different  kinds  of 
English  pig-irons,  (such  as  they  had  un- 
successfully experimented  with,)  to  be 
operated  on  as  a  crucial  test.  This  com- 
mission has  telegraphed  to  England,  as 
stated  in  our  issue  of  last  week,  that  they 
had  found  the  invention  a  complete  suc- 
cess, a  result  which  will  at  once  insure  its 
general  adoption  in  England  and  on  the 
Continent. 

The  Dank's  Furnace, 
Aside  from  its  obvious  general  mechanical 
arrangement  and  construction  .consists  of  ro- 
tating upon  a  horizontal  axle  one  end  of  a 
chamberwhich  communicates  with  a  furnace 
in  which  the  flame  is  urged  by  fan-blasts, 
and  the  other  with  a  flue;  this  latter  being 
closed  by  a  detachable  head  while  the  ap- 
paratus is  in  use.  The  rotation  of  the 
chamber,  duly  charged  with  molten  pig, 
of  course  insures  the  requisite  movement 
of  the  metal,  and  consequently  the  results 
commonly  obtained  by  the  action  of  the 
puddler's  tool.  At  the  proper  stage  of  the 
process,  the  head  of  the  chamber  is  taken 
off,  the  flue  moved  aside  out  of  the 
way,  and  a  large  fork  suspended  from  a 
crane  is  thrust  in.  A  few  turns  of  the  cham- 
ber then  causes  the  ball  to  adhere  to  the  fork, 
and  the  latter  being  withdrawn  conveys  the 
ball  to  the  squeezing  machinery.  The 
method  of  lining  this  chamber  is  described 
as  follows: 

"The  foundation  for  the  lining  consists 
of  a  mixture  of  pulverized  iron  ore  and 
pure  lime,  worked  with  water  into  the 
consistency  of  a  thick  paste.  Upon  the 
completion  of  the  initial  lining,  a  quanti- 
of  pulverized  iron  ore,  about  one-iifth  of  the 
total  amount  required  to  line  the  appara- 
tus, i3  thrown  in,  the  fnrnance  is  heated 
and  made  to  revolve  slowly  until  the  iron 
is  found  to  be  completely  melted,  when 
the  apparatus  is  stopped.  That  part  of 
the  molten  iron  which  has  not  been  con- 
sumed by  glazing  the  initial  lining  sur- 
face runs  to  the  lowest  level  of  the  furnace, 
and  there  forms  a  pool,  into  which  there 
are  put  a  number  of  small  and  large  lumps  of 
iron  ore  of  such  dimensions  as  will  be  requir- 
ed to  allow  the  said  lumps  to  project  over  the 
surface  of  the  liquid  ore  by  from  two  to 
six  inches.  This  part  of  the  lining  is 
allowed  to  set,  when  a  fresh  quantity  of 
pulverized  ore  is  thrown  in.  The  furnace 
is  again  made  to  rotate  slightly  until  the 
newly  added  ore  is  liquefied,  when 
the  apparatus  is  again  stopped,  and  the 
pool  filled  with  lumps  as  before.  The  op- 
eration is  continued  in  this  way  until  the 
whole  of  the  vessel  is  properly  lined. 
From  2  to  2%  tons  of  iron  ore  are  re- 
quired to  line  a  700  lbs.  furnace. 

The  London  Mining  Journal  in  alluding 
to  the  reported  success  of  this  invention, 
says:  "The  news  appears  too  good  to  be 
true.  The  problem  will,  however,  soon 
have  its  solution.  We  shall  then  know  if 
in  the  United  States  there  is  at  work  a  ro- 
tary puddling  furnace  which,  although 
not  very  different  from  that  with  which 
Mr.  Menelaus  has  been  experimenting,  yet 
has  distinguished  itself  with  important 
difference  of  having  been  a  success,  while 
the  British  machine  cannot  be  so  re- 
garded." 


Our  cotemporary  has  ere  this  found  the 
"news"  both  "good"  and  "true,"  aud  the 
meeting  of  the  Iron  aud  Steel  Association 
before  whom  Mr.  Danks  read  his  paper, 
already  referred  to,  will  become,  as  the 
said  it  would,  if  the  expectations 
thus  raised* Were  realized,  "more  memor- 
able  in  tho  history  of  the  iron  trade  than 
that  meeting  in  Cheltenham,  at  which  Mr. 
Bessemer  read  to  the  British  Association 
his  famous  paper,  will  prove  to  tho  steel 
trade." 

It  thus  appears  that  this  American  in- 
vention is  destined  to  take  its  place  foremost 
among  the  improvements  adopted  by  the 
greatest  iron-making  country  in  the  world. 
Tho  real  value  of  the  principle  is  shown 
not  only  in  the  doing  away  of  the  severe 
manual  labor  in  the  puddliug  operation, 
but  also  in  the  production  of  larger  balls  at  a 
single  heat  than  could  be  done  by  the  old 
method;  in  an  increased  economy  of  fuel, 
aud  a  groator  yield  of  iron  from  a  given 
grade  and  quantity  of  ore.  In  the  fur- 
naces at  Cincinnati,  puddled  balls  ranging 
from  050  to  1,000  pounds  are  conveniently 
made,  and  no  special  difficulty  appears  to 
have  been  met  with  in  forming  into  a 
single  ball  the  product  of  a  heat  of  1,400 
pounds. 

The  iron  is  charged  into  the  furnace  either 
in  a  solid  or  molten  condition.  When 
charged  in  the  shape  of  pig-iron,  the  melt- 
ing down  occupies  from  30  to  35  minutes, 
during  which  a  partial  rotation  is  given  to 
the  furnace  from  time  to  time  in  order  to 
expose  equally  all  sides  of  the  charge  to  the 
flame.  When  the  whole  of  this  is  thor- 
oughly melted,  the  furnace  is  made  to  ro- 
tate only  once  or  twice  per  minute  during  the 
five  or  ten  minutes,  in  order  to  obtain  the 
most  perfect  action  of  the  cinder  upon 
the  molten  iron.  But  this  article  has  al- 
ready become  quite  too  long  to  admit  of 
any  further  details  of  the  process  at  this 
time. 

Pulverized  Fuel — A  Serious  Draw- 
back.— An  "  eminent  engineer,"  who  has 
had  some  experience  in  the  use  of  pulver- 
ized fuel,  says  that  although  perfectly  suc- 
cessful at  first,  it  grew  gradually  unsatis- 
factory from  the  glazing  produced  upon 
the  flues,  grates,  etc.;  the  percentage  of 
silex,  etc. ,  which  in  ordinary  stoking  and 
burning  is  carried  off  as  slag  and  refuse, 
being  carried  against  the  throat,  etc., 
brings  on  a  vitreous  diptheria  which  is 
fatal  to  the  flues.  It  is  intimated  in  reply 
that  in  the  use  of  this  kind  of  fuel,  much 
will  of  course  depend  upon  the  character 
of  the  material.  If  the  refuse  is  easily 
vitrified,  then  the  result  described  may 
possibly  occur;  but,  if  the  refuse  is  not 
easily  vitrified,  it  will  be  carried  out  of  the 
chimney  in  the  form  of  dust.  Pulverized 
fuel  has  been  successfully  used  by  several 
establishments  for  a  year  or  more,  and 
is  no  doubt  the  most  economical  way  in 
which  coal  can  be  used,  when  the  objection 
above  referred  to  does  not  interpose.  By 
reference  to  another  column  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  principle  is  about  to  be  intro- 
duced into  one  of  the  principal  machine 
shops  in  this  city. 

Improved  Construction  of  Sheet-iron 
Stacks. — Sheet-ircm  stacks,  especially  for 
heating  and  puddling  furnaces,  are  now 
being  made  in  separate  rings,  instead  of 
one  whole  length  as  formerly.  Each  ring 
has  a  band  of  flat  bar-iron — horseshoe  bar 
— about  two  inches  from  the  lower  edge, 
firmly  riveted,  and  by  which  each  is  sup- 
ported as  it  fits  into  and  rests  on  the  edge 
of  the  one  next  below.  By  making  the 
stack  in  this  way  in  short  sections,  it  can 
be  more  conveniently  erected,  and  also  can 
be  repaired  by  renewing  any  worn-out  part 
or  burnt  Bection  at  less  cost  and  much  less 
labor  than  when  otherwise  constructed. 

Speed  of  Ocean  Steamers. — The  steam- 
ship Oceanic,  of  the  new  "  White  Star" 
line,  during  a  late  trip  from  New  York  to 
Liverpool,  ran  384  knots  in  a  single  day, 
which  is  spoken  of  by  some  of  the  news- 
papers as  being  the  greatest  distance  ever 
made  in  twenty-four  hours.  This,  says 
the  American  Artizan,  seems  to  be  a  mis- 
take, for  we  find  by  reference  to  our  rec- 
ords of  the  passages  of  steamers,  that  the 
City  of  Baltimore,  of  the  "Inman"  line,  ran 
385  miles  in  twenty-four  hours,  in  the  year 
1866.        

Iron  Ship-building;  in  the  United 
States. — No  iron  ships  were  built  in  the 
United  States  in  1867.  In  1868  six  small 
vessels  were  constructed,  having  an  aggre- 
gate of  2,800  tons;  in  1869  ten  were  built, 
of  an  aggregate  of  4,584  tons;  in  1870 
fifteen,  with  an  aggregate  burthen  of  8,281 
tons;  and  in  1871,  up  to  the  middle  of  No 
vember,  twenty  were  constructed,  measur- 
ing an  aggregate  of  15,479  tons.  Of  the 
twenty  iron  vessels  built  during  .the  year 
ending  January  31,  1871,  nineteen  were 
steamers. 


.ciENTinc  Progress. 


The  Force  of  Life. 

There  have  been  writers  who  affirmed 
that  tho  pyramids  of  Egypt  were  the  pro- 
ductions of  Nature.  Wo  now  regard  them 
as  tho  work  of  men's  hands,  aided  by  ma- 
chinery of  which  no  record  remains.  Tho 
blocks  in  this  case  were  moved  by  a  power 
external  to  thomselves,  and  the  final  form 
of  tho  pyramid  expressed  the  thought  of 
the  human  builder. 

Lot  us  pass  from  this  illustration  of 
building  power  to  another  of  a  different 
kind.  When  a  solution  of  common  salt  is 
slowly  evaporated  the  water  disappears, 
but  the  salt  remains  behind.  At  certain 
stages  of  concentration  particles,  or  mole- 
cules, as  they  are  called,  begin  to  deposit 
themselves  as  minute  solids,  so  minute,  in- 
deed, as  to  defy  all  microscopio  power. 
As  evaporation  continues,  solidifications 
goes  on  and  we  finally  obtain  a  mass  of  salt 
of  adefinte  form. 

What  is  this  form  ?  It  sometimes  seems 
as  a  mimicry  of  the  architecture  of  Egypt. 
We  have  little  pyramids,  terrace  above  ter- 
ace  forming  a  series  of  step?  resembling 
those  of  the  pyramids.  The  human  mind 
is  as  little  disposed  to  look  at  these  little 
salt  crystals  without  further  question  as  to 
look  at  the  pyramids  of  Egypt  without  in- 
quiring whence  they  came.  How,  then, 
are  those  salt  pyramids  built  up  ? 

Guided  by  analogy,  we  may  suppose 
that  swarming  among  the  constituent  mole- 
cules of  the  salt  there  is  an  invisible  popu- 
lation, guided  and  coerced  by  some  invisi- 
ble master,  and  placing  the  atomic  blocks 
in  their  positions.  This,  however,  is  not 
tho  scientific  idea,  nor  do  I  think  your  good 
sense  will  accept  it  as  a  likely  one.  The 
scientific  idea  is  that  the  molecules  act 
upon  each  other  without  the  intervention 
of  slave  labor;  that  they  attract  and  repel 
each  other  at  definite  points,  and  in  certain 
different  directions,  and  that  the  pyramidal 
form  is  the  result  of  this  play  of  attraction 
and  repulsion.  While  then  the  blocks  of 
Egypt  were  laid  down  by  a  power  external 
to  themselves,  these  molecular  blocks  of 
salt  are  self  posited,  being  fixed  in  their 
places  by  the  forces  with  which  they  act 
upon  each  other. 

I  take  common  salt  as  an  illustration, 
because  it  is  so  familiar  but  almost  any 
other  substance  would  answer  equally  well. 
In  fact,  throughout  organic  Nature,  we 
have  this  structural  energy  ready  to  come 
into  play.  It  is  present  everywhere.  The 
ice  of  our  winters  and  of  our  polar  regions 
is  its  hand-work,  and  so  equally  are  the 
quartz,  feldspar  and  of  mica  of  our  rocks. 

This  tendency  of  matter  to  organize 
itself,  to  grow  into  shape,  to  assume  defi- 
nite forms  in  obedience  to  the  definite  ac- 
tion of  force,  is  all-pervading.  It  is  in  the 
ground  on  which  you  tread,  in  the  water 
you  drink,  in  the  air  you  breath.  Incipi- 
ent life,  in  fact,  manifests  itself  throughout 
the  whole  of  what  we  call  inorganic  Na- 
ture. 

The  forms  of  minerals  resulting  from 
this  play  of  forces  are  various  and  exhibit 
different  degrees  of  complexity.  Men  of 
science  avail  themselves  of  all  possible 
means  of  exploring  this  molecular  archi- 
tecture. For  this  purpose  they  employ  as 
agents  of  exploration,  light,  heat,  magnet- 
ism, electricity  and  sound.  Polarized  light 
is  especially  useful  and  powerful  here.  A 
beam  of  such  light,  when  sent  into  the 
molecules  of  a  crystal,  is  acted  on  by  them 
and  from  this  action  we  infer  with  more  or 
less  clearness  the  manner  in  which  the 
molecules  are  arranged.  The  difference, 
for  example  between  the  inner  structure 
of  a  plate  of  rock-salt  and  a  plate  of  crys- 
tallized sugar  is  thus  strikingly  revealed. 

And  now  let  us  pass  from  what  we.  are 
accustomed  to  regard  as  a  dead  mineral, 
to  a  living  grain  of  corn.  When  it  is  ex- 
amined by  polarized  light,  chromatic  phe- 
nomena similar  to  those  noticed  in  crys- 
tals are  observed.  And  why?  Because 
the  architecture  of  the  grain  resembles  in 
some  degree  the  architecture  of  the  crys- 
tal. In  the  corn  the  molecules  are  also 
set  in  definite  positions,  from  which  they 
act  upon  the  light.  But  what  has  built 
together  the  molecules  of  the  corn  1  I 
have  already  said,  regarding  crystalline  ar- 
chitecture, that  you  may,  if  you  please, 
consider  the  atoms  and  molecules  to  be 
placed  in  position  by  a  power  external  to 
themselves.  The  same  hypothesis  is  open 
to  you  now.  But,  if  in  the  case  of  crys- 
tals you  have  rejected  this  notion  of  an 
external  architect,  I  think  you  are  bound 
to  reject  it  now,  and  to  conclude  that  the 
molecules  of  corn  are  self-posited  by 
the    forces    by    which    they    act    upon 


each  other.  It  would  be  poor  phil- 
osophy to  invoke  an  external  agent  in  the 
one  case,  and  reject  it  in  the  other. 

But,  I  must  go  still  further,  and  affirm 
that  in  the  eye  of  science  the  animal  body 
is  just  as  much  the  product  of  molecular 
force  as  the  stalk  and  ear  of  corn,  or  as 
the  crystal  of  salt  or  sugar.  Many  of  its 
parts  are  obviously  mechanical.  Take  the 
human  heart,  for  example,  with  its  ex- 
quisite system  of  valves,  or  take  the  eye  or 
hand.  Animal  heat,  moreover,  is  the  same 
in  kind  us  the  heat  of  a  fire,  being  pro- 
duced by  the  same  chemical  process.  An- 
imal motion,  too,  is  directly  derived  from 
the  food  of  the  animal. 

As  regards  matter,  the  animal  body  cre- 
ates nothing  ;  as  regards  force,  it  creates 
nothing.  Which  of  you  by  taking  thought 
can  add  one  cubit  to  his  stature?  All 
that  has  been  said  regarding  the  plant 
may  bo  re-stated  with  regard  to  the  animal. 
Every  particle  that  enters  into  the  com- 
position of  a  muscle,  a  nerve,  or  a  bone, 
has  been  placed  in  its  position  by  a  mole- 
cular force  ;  and  unless  the  existence  of 
law  in  these  matters  be  denied,  and  the 
element  of  caprice  be  introduced,  we  must 
conclude  that,  given  the  relation  of  any 
molecule  of  the  body  to  itB  environment, 
its  position  in  the  body  might  be  pre- 
dicted. Our  difficulty  is  not  with  the 
quality  of  the  problem,  but  with  its  com- 
plexity ;  and  this  difficulty  might  be  met 
by  the  simple  expansion  of  the  faculties 
which  man  now  possesses.  Given  this 
expansion,  and  given  the  necessary  mole- 
cular data,  the  chick  might  be  deduced  as 
rigorously  and  as  logically  from  the  egg 
as  the  existence  of  Neptune  was  deduced 
f rom[the  disturbances  of  Uranus,  or  as  con- 
ical refraction  was  deduced  from  the  un- 
dulatory  theory  of  light. — Condensed  from 
a  lecture  by  Tyndall. 

Iron  Electrotypes. 

The  art  of  electrotyping,  says  a  contem- 
porary, already  applied  to  myriad  uses, 
shows  constant  evidence  of  progress,  es- 
pecially in  the  successful  deposition  for 
practical  purposes  of  metals  that  have 
hitherto  been  considered  intractable. 
Nickel-plating  is  now  common,  and,  while 
cheaper,  is  for  some  purposes  superior  to 
silver;  and  there  is  some  reason  to  sup- 
pose that  by  the  employment  of  a  small 
percentage  of  Borne  other  metal  to  dimin- 
ish the  brittleness,  the  rather  refractory 
nature  ofthenickel  coating  may  be  brought 
more  completely  under  the  control  of  the 
burnisher,  in  lieu  of  the  polishing  wheel, 
than  is  now  the  case. 

There  are  many  purposes,  however,  for 
which  a  plating  of  iron  would  be,  all  things 
considered,  better  than  any  of  those  now 
familiar  in  electro-metallurgy;  and  to  se- 
cure this  has  occupied  the  attention  of 
some  foreign  experimenters,  who  have, 
apparently,  been  very  successful  in  their 
efforts. 

At  the  late  London  International  Exhi- 
bition (1871)  were  exhibited  bank-note 
plates,  medallions,  and  a  page  of  printing- 
type,  eleetrotyped  in  iron,  by  a  process 
devised  by  M.  Eugene  Klein,  who  is  at  the 
head  of  the  Chemical  Department  in  the 
Imperial  State  Paper  Manufactory  in  St. 
Petersburg. 

The  advancement  of  the  iron  electrotype 
to  a  practical  success  has  not  been  accom- 
plished without  the  expenditure  of  much 
thought  and  experiment,  and  many  diffi- 
culties have  had  to  be  surmounted;  but 
the  scientific  interest  which  attached  to 
the  new  development,  and  the  eminently 
useful  applications  of  which  he  saw  it  was 
susceptible,  especially  in  the  departments 
of  engraving  and  printing,  stimulated  M. 
Klein  to  continue  his  experiments,  against 
what  appeared  to  be  almost  or  quite  in- 
surmountable hindrances. 

His  starting  point  was  the  steeling  of 
engraved  copper-plates,  which  process  was 
effected  in  a  bath  composed  of  chlorate  of 
ammonia  and  iron,  to  which  he  added  a 
small  quantity  of  glycerine.  On  leaving 
the  bath  the  iron  is  as  hard  as  tempered 
steel  and  very  brittle.  Beheated  it  loses 
much  of  its  hardness,  and  becomes  mallea- 
ble at  cherry  red,  when  it  may  be  cut  with 
the  graver  as  readily  as  soft  steel. 

Of  the  importance  of  the  practical  ap- 
plication of  the  process  there  can  be  no 
doubt  whatever.  By  replacing  plates  of 
copper  by  those  of  iron,  greater  facilities 
will  be  afforded  for  producing  publications, 
works  of  art,  and  especially  bank-notes  and 
checks.  Iron  electrotype  plates  are  found 
to  be  almost  indestructible  in  the  process 
of  printing,  while  copper  soon  wears  out — 
much  sooner,  in  fact,  than  wood.  A  late 
issue  of  Engineering  gives  in  detail  the  ex- 
periments through  which  this  important 
process  has  advanced  to  a  condition  of  high 
practical  value. 


36 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  20, 1872. 


INING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Monitor  Miner,  Jan.  3:  'Work  is  going 
on  at  both  quartz  mills  as  fast  as  possible 
under  the  circumstances. 

Changed  Hands..— Silver  Mt.  Chronicle, 
Dec.  30:  Several  valuable  mines  in  Scan- 
dinavian Canon,  Silver  Mt.  Dist.,  have 
this  week  passed  into  the  hands  of  English 
capitalists. 

Schenectady  (Tabshtsh)  M.  and  M.— 
The  mill  is  rapidly  approaching  comple- 
tion. It  would  have  been  ready  to  com- 
mence work  on  New  Years  Day  had  it  not 
been  for  the  impossibility  of  obtaining  a 
sufficient  number  of  skilled  mechanics.  It 
is,  however,  expected  it  will  be  in  running 
order  early  in  Feb.  The  machinery  con- 
sists of  20  stamps,  650  lbs  each,  which  will 
work  at  the  rate  of  90  blows  per  minute; 
6  amalgamating  pans  of  a  capacity  of  from 
2,000  to  3,000  lbs  to  the  charge.  There 
are  3  settlers,  7  ft.  in  diameter,  with  clean- 
up pan,  etc. — all  driven  by  a  60  horse- 
power engine,  with  two  fine  boilers  capa- 
ble of  generating  steam  in  considerable 
exee.sss  of  the  present  anticipated  require- 
ments of  the  mill.  The  roasting  furnace 
in  connection  with  the  mill  is  on  the  re- 
volving principle.  The  mine  is  looking 
well;  much  first-class  ore  is  coming  out  of 
the  lower  tunnel,  assays  of  which  run  from 
$100  to  §1,000  per  ton.  It  is  expected  this 
tunnel,  with  the  150  ft.  level,  will  furnish 
sufficient  ore  to  keep  the  mill  running  at 
the  rate  of  20  tons  per  day,  without  touch- 
ing the  large  body  of  reserves  in  the  upper 
works  for  some  time. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Rich  Strike. — Amador  Ledger,  Jan.  13: 
On  Tuesday  last,  workmen  in  the  third 
stope  in  the  Kennedy,  struck  the  richest 
rock  ever  yet  discovered  in  that  mine. 
The  main  ledge  in  this  stope,  is  9  ft.  in 
thickness,  and  the  whole  body  of  rock 
equal  to  the  best  average  rock  in  the  coun- 
try. In  addition  to  the  main  ledge,  on 
the  day  above  stated,  a  strata  of  rock  about 
13  inches  thick  was  discovered  on  the  foot 
wall  of  extraordinary  richness — we  were 
shown  a  piece  of  the  rock  from  this  strata, 
weighing  3%  lbs,  literally  filled  with  the 
precious  metal,  estimated  at  $40  in  value. 
Gold  Brick. — We  were  shown  by  P. 
Reichling's  assayer,  a  gold  brick  of  the 
value  of  near  ©8,000,  the  result  of  16  days 
run  of  the  mill,  on  rock  taken  from  the 
Kennedy  mine. 
CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

Thoepe  Mine. — Calaveras  Citizen,  Jan. 
6:  Matters  are  progressing  favorably  with 
the  Thorpe  Mine,  at  Fourth  Crossing. 
The  battery  is  kept  running  night  and  day, 
and  about  40  tons  of  rock  have  already 
been  crushed.  The  mine  is  flooded,  but 
there  is  rock  enough  out  to  keep  the  bat- 
tery going  lor  6  weeks  or  more.  New 
hoisting  works  are  being  erected. 

Sandy  Gulch.— Calaveras  Chronicle,  Jan. 
15:  The  mines,  so  far  as  the  rich  placers 
are  concerned,  around  this  camp  are 
nearly  worked  out.  But  there  have  been 
several  new  quartz  discoveries  made  oi 
late.  The  latest  discovery  of  a  mineral 
character,  was  made  by  C.  Brown,  who 
accidentally  found  a  lead  that  will  prove 
to  be  a  rich  and  valuable  mine.  It  is  in 
the  "Devil's  Half  Acre,"  a  short  distance 
from  the  Old  Store.  As  soon  as  the  roads 
are  again  in  a  passable  condition,  the  nec- 
essary machinery  for  the  development  of 
the  mine  will  be  placed  in  position  and 
set  to  work.  The  main  shaft  is  down  25 
ft. ,  and  the  lead  from  25  to  30  inches  in 
width,  showing  free  gold  in  almost  all  the 
rock  taken  out.  The  old  Woodhouse  mine 
is  being  worked  with  renewed  .energy. 
From  25  tons  of  rock  taken  from  the  mine 
and  worked  at  the  mill  of  the  proprietor, 
§1,400  was  obtained.  The  owners  expect 
to  take  out  500  tons  of  first-class  ore  this 
■winter.  The  rock  being  taken  out  is  of 
excellent  quality.  The  "Big  Mine,"  just 
across  the  South  Fork  is  getting  along 
nicely.  The  shaft  is  down  200  ft.  and  ore 
of  an  excellent  quality  is  being  taken  out 
of  the  levels  being  run.  The  ledge  is  wide 
and  well  defined. 

Gwtn  Mine. — Operations  at   the  Gwin 
mine  will  be  resumed  next  Monday. 

Sluice  Eoebeeies. — The  sluice  boxes  of 
Domingo  &  Co.  and  Mike  McGrath,  en- 
gaged in  mining  operations  at  Buckeye, 
were  robbed  on  Saturday  last.  Domingo 
&  Co.  lost  from  10  to  12  ozs.  of  dust.  We 
have  not  learned  how  much  McGrath  lost. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 
Little   Deer   Creek. — Nevada    Trans- 


cript, Jan.  14:  The  Murchie  Bros,  have 
started  work  in  their  hydraulic  claims  be- 
tween Little  Deer  creek  and  the  Bed  Dog 
road.  They  are  running  2  hydraulic  mon- 
itors, and  employ  12  men. 

The  Murchie  quartz  mine  near  Little 
Deer  creek,  is  also  being  worked.  They 
have  about  40  tons  of  rich  rock  at  the  mill, 
but  the  roads  are  so  bad  that  they  are  pre- 
vented from  hauling.  The  mine  continues 
rich. 

Pittsburg  Mine. — The  Pittsburg  mine, 
has  not  been  impeded  in  work  in  the  least 
by  water,  during  the  late  storms.  The 
mill  is  kept  in  constant  operation  and  the 
rock  which  is  being  taken  out  is  first  rate. 

Banner  Mine.— The  mine  is  looking 
well  and  men  are  at  work  in  the  400  ft. 
level. 

Peeein  Mine.— The  Perrin  mine  on 
Wolf  creek,  below  grass  Valley  is  looking 
splendidly.  They  are  taking  out  rock  at 
the  rate  of  24  tons  per  day  when  the  mill 
is  kept  at  work.  The  rock  is  rich  and  the 
expense  in  working  is  light. 

Location. — Fayette  Battis  &  Co.  have 
located  6  claims  for  mining  purposes  on 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Diamond  creek,  be- 
low the  F.  Meister  claims,  in  Washington 
township. 

North  San  Juan. — Cor.  same:  The 
mines  at  this  place,  Manzanita  Hill,  Birch- 
ville,  French  Corral,  Empire  Flat,  Kenne- 
bec Hill  and  Moore's  Flat  are  all  in  suc- 
cessful operation,  and  reports  say,  all  of 
the  Co's.  are  doing  well. 

The  American  claims  at  Manzanita  hill, 
within  a  mile  of  this  place,  are,  and 
have  been  for  months  past,  paying  imm- 
mensely 

At  Columbia  Hill,  recently  a  company 
has  been  organized,  to  construct  a  tunnel 
from  a  point  near  the  South  Ynba  river, 
about  half  a.  mile  above  Cooper's  bridge, 
and  extending  from  thence  to  the  mining 
ground  of  the  Co.  about  2,000  ft.  distant 
from  the  starting  point. — When  com- 
pleted, this  tunnel  will  drain  all  the  mines 
at  and  near  Columbia  Hill,  Kennebec  Hill 
and  in  those  neighborhoods,  for  it  is  the 
intention  of  the  Co.  to  commence  the  tun- 
nel low  enough  to  work  that  entire  coun- 
try. 

Hydraulic. — Grass  Valley  Republican, 
Jan.  14:  The  Baltic  Gravel  M.  Co.,  near 
Randolph  Flat,  are  actively  at  work  hy- 
draulicing.  They  employ  7  men,  and 
have  an  abundance  of  water. 

Quartz.  — The  owners  of  the  Wyoming 
ledge  on  Wood's  ravine,  2  miles  from  Ne- 
vada, have  250  tons  of  quartz  out  ready 
for  crushing.  The  rock  it  is  said  will  av- 
erage $25  a  ton. 

PLACER  COUNTY. 

Ophir. — Cor.  Placer  Herald,  Jan.  13th: 
On  the  Greene  mine,  Green  &  Co  ,  have 
erected  a  double  engine,  one  for  hoisting 
the  dirt  and  ore  from  the  shaft,  and  the 
other  for  pumping  purposes.  Some  time 
ago  the  Co.  let  a  contract  to  parties  to  sink 
the  shaft  100  ft.  deeper.  The  contractors 
are  getting  along  very  well,  and  will  com- 
plete their  contract  by  early  spring.  The 
ledge  in  the  shaft  is  of  good  size,  looks 
well  and  will  pay  rich. 

We  will  follow  along  tho  Green  ledge 
and  the  next  mine  in  operation  is  the  orig- 
inal Peter  Walter  mine.  This  Co.  has 
erected  steam  hoisting  workson  their  mine 
and  have  a  25  horse-power  engine.  The 
levels  that  are  being  run  are  at  the  depth 
of  116  ft.  from  the  surface,  and  they  find  no 
variation  in  the  quality  or  quantity  of  the 
rock,  it  continuing  to  look  well,  the  quartz 
showing  free  gold  and  plenty  of  rich  sul- 
phurets.  The  ledge  is  a  good  size,  and  in 
a  short  time  the  mine  will  be  opened  thor- 
oughly. The  Co.  contemplate  erecting  a 
10-stamp  mill  as  soon  as  the  weather  will 
permit. 

North  of  the  Peter  Walter  some  300 
yards  is  the  Bellevue,  originally  the  Buck- 
eye. This  Co.  have  at  their  dump  pile 
near  500  tons  of  ore  that  is  No.  1.  I  have 
no  doubt  but  what  they  will  realize  from 
this  rock  $15,000  in  free  gold,  and  proba- 
bly $5,000  more  in  sulphurets.  They  in- 
tend to  crush  this  oar  at  the  St  Patrick 
mill,  and  will  begin  about  the  20th  of  this 
month.  The  Bellevue  Co.  are  still  raising 
rock  to  the  surface. 

The  St  Patrick  mill  contains  15  stamps, 
and  with  all  the  improvements,  sufficient 
to  save  the  gold  and  adequate  pans  to  work 
the  blanket  washings  and  sulphurets.  This 
mill  is  run  by  steam,  and  in  connection 
with  it  the  Co.  have  a  ledge  called  the 
Perchy  that  they  are  prospecting  with  a 
tunnel  and.shaft.  The  tunnel  will  cut  the 
ledge  about  130  ft.  from  the  surface.  The 
shaft  is  down  to  the  depth  of  75  ft.,  and 
they  are  running  a  level  at  this  depth  and 
finding  a  good  sized  ledge  and  good  ore. 
The  St  Patrick  mine  is  still  in  operation; 
they  are  running  a  bottom  level  with  a 
good  prospect.  They  are  crushing  ore  from 


this  mine  at  their  mill,  and  judging  from 
appearances,  it  is  paying  very  rich.  They 
have  a  large  pile  of  ore  at  this  mine  which 
they  will  finish  crushing  as  soon  as  they 
get  through  with  the  Bellevue  rock. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Eureka  Sentinel,  Jan.  7:  Our 
furnaces  are  doing  excellent  "work,  and 
turning  out  an  immense  amount  of  bullion 
daily.  The  Richmond,  Eureka  Cons.,  and 
Phenix  have  each  made  extraordinary  fine 
runs  for  the  past  week. 

Nearly  Completed. — The  new  furnaces 
of  the  Richmond  Co.  are  nearly  completed 
and  will  in  a  few  days  be  ready  for  active 
service. 

EurekaJ  Cons.  —Four  thousand  tons  of 
ore  are  now  on  the  dumps  and  at  the  fur- 
naces. 

The  Richmond. — As  explorations  are  ex- 
tended and  depth  attained,  the  same  mam- 
moth, unbroken  mass  of  ore  is  everywhere 
met  with.  Within  the  last  two  weeks  a 
winze  30  odd  ft.  deeper  than  the  old  or 
lower  workings  has  been  sunk,  which  de- 
monstrates the  continuity  of  rich  smelting 
ore  in  unlimited  quantities  to  that 
depth,  and  the  end  is  not  yet.  Driftshave 
also  been  run  at  right  angles  with  the  gen- 
eral course  of  the  vein,  establishing  the 
average  width  of  the  deposit  at  this  point 
to  be  not  less  than  134  ft. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion  Shipment  for  Dec. — Pioche 
Record,  Jan.  4:  During  Dec.  203  bars  of 
bullion, valued  at  $333,659.76  were  shipped 
from  this  Dist.  W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped 
since  Dec.  31st.,  bullion  valued  at  $18,680 
07. 

Red  Cloud  Ledge  is  on  the  mountain 
side  about  700  ft.  above  the  Washington 
&  Creole  mine.  The  shaft  is  down  15  ft. 
deep.  Last  week  a  contract  was  let  to 
sink  60  ft.  deeper.  After  the  work  was 
commenced  and  the  old  shaft  cleared,  the 
contracters  sunk  about  8  ft. ,  when  a  4  ft. 
ledge  was  struck.  The  walls  are  hard  and 
smooth,  of  quartzite,  and  pitch  nearly  per- 
pendicular. An  assay  made  from  an  aver- 
age sample  of  ore,  or  what  was  supposed 
to  be  an  average  sample,  gave  $840.56  in 
silver  and  $50.23  in  gold,  making  atotal  of 
$890  79  per  ton.  Work  will  be  prosecuted 
from  this  time  forward  until  the  the"  mine 
is  fully  developed. 
REESERIVER. 

Bullion  prom  the  El  Dorado  South. — 

Reese  River  Reveille,  Jan.  6th:  W.  F. 
Leon  Supt.  of  the  El  Dorado  South  Mine 
of  Belmont,  started  the  Stetefeldt  mill  on 
the  25th  of  last  Oct.,  since  which  time  up 
to  Dec.  31st,  he  had  shipped  107  bars  of 
bullion,  valued  at  $52,181.45.  During  a 
run  of  25  days  in  Dec.  his  shipment 
amounted  to  43  bars,  of  the  value  of  $22,- 
509.39.  The  Pacific  Co.  have  shipped  16 
bars  of  bullion  valued  at  $14,513.39.  Pax- 
ton  &  Co.  shipped  during  1871,  492  bars  of 
bullion  of  the  value  of  $309,910.50  and 
during  Dec.  68  bars  of  bullion  valued  at 
$40,224.80.  Twelve  bars  of  bullion,  val- 
ued at  $6,050.47,  were  shipped  from  the 
Montezuma  mill  during  Dec. 

Oregon  Mine.  —  Recent  workings  of 
ore  from  the  Oregon  Mine,  gave  the  fol- 
lowing yield  of  silver  per  ton;  lot  one,  5 
tons,  $680.19;  lot  two,  9  tons,  $433.34;  lot 
three,  7%  tons  $313.38. 

Diana  Mine. — Three  tons  of  ore   from 
the  Diana  Mine  worked  last  week,  returned 
63  per  ton. 

Ophir  .  Canon. — This   once  lively  camp 
is  very  quiet,  though  some  work  is  still 
being  done. 
WASHOE. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — Virginia  Enterprise, 
Jan.  7:  The  Tunnel  was  yesterday  in  2,- 
670  ft.;  ground  hard.  Shaft  No.  1  is  down 
55  ft. ;  ground  good.  No.  2  is  down  58  ft., 
and  is  also  in  ground  that  works  well. 
No.  3  is  down  40  ft. ;  ground  hard.  No.  i 
is  down  45  ft.;  ground  is  also  hard. 

The  Savage  last  week  yielded  ore  to  the 
value  of  $14,035.74. 

At  Dayton,  Janin's  mill— running  on 
tailings — has  again  started  up. 

The  Yellow  Jacket  mill,  Carson  river, 
started  up  20  stamps  last  Saturday. 
Other  mills  are  still  engaged  in  repairing 
damages  to  flumes,  dams,  etc. 

Eueeka  Mill. — Work  upon  the  new 
Eureka  mill,  Carson  river,  is  being  vigor- 
ously prosecuted.  The  frame  is  up  and 
the  building  nearly  inclosed.  The  battery 
timbers  are  framed  and  in  place,  and  all 
the  other  timber-work  is  fast  advancing 
toward  completion. 

Rye  Patch. — Reno  State  Journal,  Jan.  6: 
The  Butte  M.  &  M.  Co.  of  that  place  have 
resumed  operations,  and  the  Alpha  Co. 
have  struck  a  rich  body  of  ore.  The 
Butte  Co.  have  been  offered  $120,000  for 
their  mill  and  mine. 

The  Mills. — Carson  Register  Jan.    10: 


The  Morgan  mill  near  Empire  City,  is 
now  running  30  stamps  on  high  grade  ore 
from  the  Crown  Point  mine.  Both  the 
Brunswick  and  Mexican  mills  (56  and  40 
stamps  respectively) ,  belonging  to  the 
same  company,  will  be  ready  to  start  up 
early  next  week,  the  damages  by  the  late 
floods  having  been  repaired. 

WHITE  PINE. 

Eberhardt  &  Aurora  Co's  Works. — 
White  Pine  News:  A  few  days  ago  we 
visited  the  mines  and  works.  In  the  Ward 
Beecher  we  first  descended  to  the  bottom 
of  the  open  cut,  a  distance  of  45  ft.,  where 
the  ledge  pitches  east  at  an  angle  of  32  °. 
Connecting  with  it  is  the  Phillpots  cham- 
ber, through  which  the  ledge  can  be  easily 
traced  for  a  distance  of  85  ft.  In  the  east 
end  of  the  chamber  a  large  body  of  fair 
milling  ore  is  in  sight.  We  found  a  force 
of  men  at  work  making  an  opening  pre- 
paratory to  breasting  out.  In  the  bottom 
of  the  chamber  there  are  about  300  tons  of 
ore  broken  down.  Retracing  our  steps 
from  the  chamber  to  the  open  cut,  we  en- 
tered another  large  chamber,  running 
north  and  opened  out  for  a  distance  of  240 
ft.,  which  brought  us  to  the  line  of  ground 
in  dispute  between  the  English  Co.  and  the 
Beecher  Co.  It  is  estimated  that  there  are 
5,000  tons  of  ore  in  sight  above  the  floor  of 
the  chamber.  The  depth  of  the  ore  in  the 
bottom  has  not  been  determined.  There 
is  a  fine  showing  of  it  in  sight,  and  as  in 
other  parts  of  the  mine,  it  dips  to  the  east. 
From  the  south  side  of  the  open  cut,  a 
drift  is  pushed  ahead  south  to  connect  with 
the  Lady's  chamber,  and  connection  will 
be  made  with  that  portion  of  the  mine  in 
a  few  days.  Visited  the  east  and  west 
drifts,  running  to  tap  the  ore  in  the  Phill- 
pott's  chamber,  and  found  fair  ore  in  sight. 
The  next  place  examined  was  the  raise 
(and  drift)  to  tap  the  open  cut  in  the  south 
end  of  the  Ward  Beecher  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Phillpott's  chamber.  Then,  into  a 
drift  running  south  from  the  to]}  of  the 
Lady's  chamber,  for  the  purpose  of  open- 
ing out  into  the  south  drift.  The  south 
drift  is  in  a  distance  of  130  ft.  from  the 
chamber.  For  most  of  the  distance  it  cuts 
through  a  mass  of  low-grade  ore.  The  re- 
cent strike  was  made  at  the  end  of  the 
drift,  and  shows  rich  ore.  The  ore  in  the 
bottom  looks  fully  as  well  as  any  other 
part  of  the  chamber.  Also,  a  fine  showing 
in  the  east  and  south  facings.  The  distance 
from  Risdale  chamber  to  the  south  line  of 
the  ground  owned  by  the  Eberhardt  & 
Aurora  Co.  is  220  ft.,  and  the  length  of  the 
ground  from  the  north  to  south  line  is 
about  1,400  ft.  There  are  over  500  ft. 
north  of  the  Risdale  chamber  untouched, 
and  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the 
same  streak  of  ore  found  in  North  Aurora 
runs  through  to  the  Risdale. 

Great  Valley  M.  Co.  —  The  mines 
owned  by  the  Great  Valley  M.  Co.  are  at 
the  foot  of  Babylon  Hill,  near  Sherman- 
town,  and  consist  of  Great  Valley  and 
"Union  mines,  with  a  length  of  2,000  ft.  of 
ground.  The  location  of  the  ground  was 
made  in  April,  1868.  A  tunnel  was  started, 
and  run  west  a  distance  of  200  ft.  in  ore. 
Fifty  ft.  from  the  end  of  the  tunnel  a  shaft 
was  put  down  and  ore  found.  An  air  shaft 
was  sunk  125  ft.  deep  and  they  found  a 
fine  body  of  ore  the  whole  distance  down. 
Afterward  a  shaft  30  ft.  deep  was  sunk  on 
the  side,  and  a  ledge  of  mineral  5  ft.  wide 
developed — making  altogether  a  depth  of 
155  ft.  in  ore,  from  the  top  of  the  air  shaft 
to  the  bottom  of  the  30-ft.  shaft.  Three 
other  shafts  are  down  on  the  line  of  the 
ledge,  and  ore  found  in  all  of  them.  The 
ledge  is  prospected  for  a  distance  of  1,000 
ft.,  showing  ore  wherever  the  ledge  is 
opened.  Five  hundred  tons  of  ore  were 
extracted  from  the  mine;  100  tons  were 
disposed  of  at  the  Matteson  Furnace,  and 
400  to  the  other  furnaces  in  the  Dist.  It 
is  estimated  that  75  tons  of  ore  can  be  ex- 
tracted daily  from  the  present  openings, 
and  the  number  of  tons  increased  after 
further  openings  are  made. 

Original  .  Hidden  Treasure. — Work 
was  suspended  for  a  few  days.  Teams  will 
be  put  on  to  ease  the  dumps  during  the 
coming  week,  If  the  condition  of  the 
roads  will  permit;  and  as  soon  as  the  dumps 
are  cleared  of  rock  the  usual  force  of  men 
will  go  on  in  the  mine. 

Silver  Wave. — The  Perkins  shaft  is 
down  60  ft.  A  new  contract  was  let  on  the 
25th  of  last  month  to  sink  75  ft.  deeper. 
The  Ly f ord  shaft  is  down  60  f t. ,  and  the 
incline  is  down  to  a  depth  of  25  ft.  Now 
running  east  from  the  bottom.  The  form- 
ation in  sight  in  the  Chenoweth  is  black 
spar.  Running  cross-drift.  Drift  also  run- 
ning east  from  No.  4  shaft,  with  good  indi- 
cations ahead. 

East  Sheboygan.  —  Connections  have 
all  been  made,  and  the  manager  will  soon 
have  the  Exchange  shaft  and  original  tun- 
nel, also  the  Exchange  incline  and  Regent 


January  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


37 


shaft  connected.  The  manager  claims  that 
there  is  sufficient  ore  in  sight  to  Bupply  a 
imp  mill  fur  3  years. 

Second  South  Ex.  ovHzddbnTrhabohb. 
The  drift  running  north  from  the  foot  of 
the  Anchor  incline  is  carried  along  upon 
the  stratified  spar  wall,  which  dips  easterly 
under  the  Edgar  shaft,  and  carries  the 
gnat  ore  gouge.  At  the  depth  of  GO  ft.  in 
the  North  shaft,  on  Nevada  street,  a  drift 
has  been  started  running  in  an  easterly  di- 
rection. Working  10  men  and  proseouting 
work  day  and  night. 

Boi  in  A i 'iioka. — Work  is  pushed  on  in 
the  tuuuol  without  intermission.  All  the 
works  show  favorable  indications  of  find- 
ing ore  when  the  point  aimed  at  is  reached. 

EdoaB.— There  are  150  tons  of  ore  on 
the  dumps,  which  will  bo  shipped  to  mill 
when  the  roads  are  in  good  condition.  A 
i  :,  ,  .f  10  men  are  at  work  in  the  breast. 
The  body  in  sight  is  about  50  ft.  wide 
and  increasing  in  width. 

I  KBKBQ. — The  heavy  fall  of  snow  on 
ire  Hill  set  back  work.  The  breasts 
show  well  as  far  as  the  mine  is  opened. 

Colorado. 

Skipped. — Colorado  Miner,  Jan.  4:  The 
Stewart  S.  Beduoing  Co.  shipped  for  2 
weeks  ending  to-day,  'J  bricks  valued  at 
0042.08,  als,.41ead  bars  valued  at  $2502.44. 

Palmer  i  Nichol's  shipments  for  the  week 
amount  to  2  bars  valued  at  S2247.21. 

Campbell  &  Clark  shipped  during  Dec. 
15  tons  of  rich  smelting  ore  for  and  on  ac- 
count of  owners.  The  ore  was  taken  prin- 
oipally  from  the  ground  of  the  Clark  S.  M. 
Co.,  on  the  Terrible  lode. 

B.iily  &  Nott  shipped  during  Dec.  for 
and  on  account  of  owners,  81,509  lbs.  of 
rich  smelting  ore  to  Swansea,  Wales. 

There  are  15  teams  hauling  ore  to  the 
Colorado  &  Boston  Smelting  Works,  Black 
Hawk.  The  value  of  the  monthly  ship- 
ments of  ore  from  Clear  Creek  Co.  to  the 
above  works  amounts  to  about  $50,000. 

Pelican  Lode. — We  acknowledge  that 
do  language,  at  our  command,  can  do  jus- 
tice to  the  rich  ore  deposits  of  this  great 
true  fissure  vein.  The  mine  is  being  well 
opened  by  cross  cuts,  adits  and  winzes. 
Hardly  any  stoping  has  been  done.  The 
amount  of  ore  in  sight,  in  the  mine,  we 
will  not  undertake  to  estimate.  Large  de- 
posits of  valuable  ore  are  met  with  through- 
out the  whole  mine. 

The  discovery  of  the  Pelican  is  on  Sher- 
man Mt.,  on  the  east  bank  of  Cherokee 
Gulch.  There  are  4  adits  in  the  vein  ag- 
gregating in  length  420  ft.  The  depth  ob- 
tained from  the  surface  in  the  gulch  is  85 
ft.  The  greatest  depth  obtained  from  the 
surface  in  the  lower  west  adit  is  about 
200  ft.  This  adit  is  cut  in  the  gulch  by  a 
tunnel  about  100  ft.  in  length.  A  tunnel, 
100  ft.  in,  is  now  being  driven  300  ft.  in 
length,  to  cut  the  vein  110  ft.  from  the 
surface.  A  winze  is  being  sunk  on  the 
vein  from  the  lower  adit  to  intersect  the 
line  of  the  long  tunnel  where  it  will  cut 
the  vein.  By  the  first  of  June  the  mine 
will  be  in  condition  to  yield  20  tons  of 
rich  milling  ore  a  day.  The  lower,  middle 
and  second  adits  are  connected  by  air 
shafts  or  winzes.  The  mine  is  well  tim- 
bered. 

The  Pelican  is  a  large  true  fissure  vein. 
The  walls  are  defined  with  almost  mathe- 
matical exactness.  The  north  wall  is  por- 
phyry and  the  south  wall  granite.  The 
breadth  of  the  vein  between  walls  averages 
from  5  to  8  ft.  The  vein  matters  consists 
of  argentiferous  galena,  copper  and  iron 
pyrites,  gray  copper,  black  sulphurets  of 
silver,  blende,  and  native  silver.  Among 
many  assays  we  select  the  following  :  No.  1 
2823  ozs.  silver  ;  No.  2,  1700  ozs.  silver  ; 
No.  3,  fine  galena,  1782  ozs.  silver  ;  No.  4, 
blende,  428  ozs.  silver  ;  No.  5,  gangue, 
808  ozs.  silver. 

The  Eclipse  tunnel  has  been  driven  into 
Griffith  Mountain  490  ft.  One  large  lode 
has  been  cut  in  this  tunnel,  and  drifting 
will  commence  on  it  in  a  short  time. 

The  Matilda  Fletcher  lode,  Democrat 
Mountain,  is  in  a  royal  body  of  ore. 
There  is  in  this  mine,  from  1  to  3  inches 
of  ore,  that  yields  from  4,000  to  5,000  ozs. 
in  silver  per  ton. 

Trojan. — Central  Herald,  Jan.  3:  The 
Trojan  lode,  Grand  Island  Dis.,  continues 
its  steady  yield  of  rich  gold  ore.  The  en- 
tire width  of  the  3  ft.  crevice  is  composed 
of  7  oz.  ore,  with  the  exception  of  from  4 
to  10  inches  of  smelting  ore,  worth  from 
$100  to  $150  per  ton. 

P.  P.  Peek  has  purchased  300  ft.  on  the 
Buckeye  lode,  Cariboo  hill,  Grand  Island 
Dist.,  for  $230,  The  crevice  is  3  ft.  wide 
and  is  largely  composed  of  $100  ore. 

Some  gulch  mining  is  being  done  below 
Idaho  at  Grass  Valley  bar.  Pair  pay  is 
being  obtained  by  several  parties.  Fur- 
ther down  a  party  of  Frenchmen  are  mak- 
ing money. 
In  Clifton  lode,  2  shafts  are  being  sunk 


and  a  tunnel  driven  into  the  mountains. 
In  one  of  the  shafts  the  crevice  had  boen 
taken  out  (as  far  as  worked,)  5ft.  wide,  of 
fine  looking  ore,  when  a  shot  was  put  into 
the  hanging  wall  at  one  side,  which  blew 
out  a  block  of  quartz  18  inches  wide  and 
ore  still  in  sight.  An  English  mining 
captain  and  34  men  are  employed  alto- 
gether in  and  about  the  lode.  Quartz 
from  this  lode  has  yielded  as  high  as  500 
and  $600  in  silver  per  ton. 

Central  City  Register,  Dec.  27:  The 
shaft  on  the  Garrison  claim  on  the  Kansas 
lode,  at  the  depth  of  2G5  ft.,  has  opened 
out  into  a  very  fine  crevice  of  ore  10  inches 
iu  width.  In  the  underhand  stope,  the 
width  of  the  crevice  is  improving,  and  the 
ore  in  quality.  Eastward,  the  next  claim 
but  one,  D.  L.  Southworth  is  working. 
The  prospect  is  more  encouraging  than  at 
any  time  since  the  discovery  of  this  prop- 
erty. In  the  shaft  105  ft.  deep,  a  small 
crevice  of  copper  and  iron  pyrites  is  com- 
ing in  that  is  very  promising,  and  the  in- 
dications are  that  it  will  soon  open  out 
into  a  large  crevice  of  ore. 

Saint  Vkain. — Greeley  Tribune,  Jan  3: 
The  St.  Vrain  mine  opens  so  well  that  the 
supply  seems  inexhaustible. 

IIouerts,  Murray  &  Co.,  are  sinking  a 
shaft  for  coal  5  miles  northeast  of  town, 
and  they  are  now  down  95  ft.  The  indica- 
tions are  said  to  be  uncommonly  good. 

Idaho. 

Shipped. — Silver  City  Avalanche,  Jan. 
6:  W.,  F.  &  Co.  shipped  from  this  place 
during  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1871,  gold 
dust  valued  at  $45,128.38,  and  bullion  val- 
ued at  $936,231.37.  This  amount  exceeds 
the  treasure  shipments  for  1870  by  $175,- 
288.26. 

Local  Becord. — The  South  Oro  Fino 
Discovery  is  owned  and  worked  by  the  Ida 
Elmore  Co.  It  appears  that  Sup.  Minear 
was  authorized  to  purchase  a  mine  for  his 
Co.,  if  he  could  find  one  to  suit.  So,  after 
due  consideration,  he  bought  this  mine, 
for  which  he  paid  $22,500,  and  is  now  tak- 
ing out  about  25  tons  of  ore  per  day.  Be- 
sides this,  Sup.  Minear  has  opened  up  a 
rich  vein  in  the  7th  level  of  the  Elmore, 
and  has  let  a  contract  in  the  6th  level  to 
run  the  drift  far  enough  north  so  as  to  be 
able  to  sink  a  winze  from  the  6th  to  the 
7th  level  through  the  rich  body  of  ore  re- 
cently struck. 

Ore  of  a  splendid  quality  is  being  taken 
from  the  Golden  Chariot,  between  the  7th 
and  8th  levels  south  of  the  shaft.  Sup. 
Davies  informs  us  that  he  will  have  500 
tons  ready  for  the  O  wyhee  mill  by  the  15th 
inst. 

The  Minnesota  shaft  is  down  230  ft. ,  well 
and  substantially  timbered,  and  drifts  are 
being  run  both  north  and  south  on  a  fine 
looking  vein  of  ore.  The  ore  taken  from 
the  shaft  and  drifts  is  being  worked  at  the 
Elmore  mill.  Some  of  the  amalgam  was 
assayed  yesterday,  showing  nearly  $5  per 
ounce,  from  whieh  it  is  estimated  that  the 
ore  is  milling  over  $60  per  ton.  The 
Cosmos  mill  will  soon  start  up  and  be  kept 
running  steadily  on  Minnesota  ore. 

The  Mahogany  ledge  was  cut  yesterday 
at  the  4th  level,  where  a  rich  vein  2  ft. 
wide  wa3  struck,  and,  judging  from  the 
appearance  of  the  ore,  it  will  mill  from  $60 
to  $75  per  ton. 

We  learn  that  the  South  Chariot,  adjoin- 
ing the  Mahogany,  has  a  fine  2-ft.  ledge  in 
the  4th  level,  of  ore  that  will  mill  from  $35 
to  $40  per  ton,  and  easily  worked.  The 
Sup.  thinks  that  the  ore  can  be  mined  and 
worked  in  their  own  mill  at  from  $18  to 
$20  a  ton. 

Work  continues  to  be  vigorously  prose- 
cuted in  the  Bed  Jacket  tunnel,  which  is  in 
about  150  ft.  Mr.  Wells  had  some  of  this 
ore  assayed  this  .week  which  went  $812.59 
per  ton  in  gold  and  silver. 

Mr.  Fassett,  Sup.  of  the  Elmira  (N.  Y.) 
Co.,  is  still  drifting  north  on  the  Empire, 
and  taking  out  some  fine  looking  ore. 

Minear  &  Hanks  are  in  the  Empire,  tak- 
ing out  the  richest  kind  of  silver  ore. 

Loon  Creek.  — There  are  only  31  white 
men  and  35  Chinamen  wintering  at  Loon 
creek,  and  all  hands  are  at  work. 

Flint.  — Gilmore  &  Winchester  went  to 
Flint  Dist.  this  week  and  brought  back 
with  them  between  500  and  600  lbs  of 
bullion  for  Warnkee  &  Co.  Hanson  &  Co., 
of  Twilight  gulch,  are  having  30  tons  of 
ore  worked  in  Black's  mill. 

Montana. 

Bannock. — Cor.  Bozeman  Avant  Courier, 
Jan.  4th:  The  Blue  Wing  Dist.  is  yielding 
large  bodies  of  very  fine  ore.  A.  Bessette 
is  working  10  men  on  the  Brick  Pomeroy, 
which  shows,  as  far  as  developed  from  5  to 
10  ft.  wide  of  quartz,  worth  35  per  ton  on 
the  dump.  Mr.  B  is  working  from  5  shafts. 

The  Saint  Paul,  also  in  this  Dist.,  is  one 
of  the  best  developed  lodes  in  the  vicinity, 
and  is  owned  by  Merry  &  Brown,  who  have 


5  shafts  down  and  are  working  the  lode  at 
a  depth  of  110  ft.,  at  which  depth  it  retains 
its  original  width  and  richness  of  ore.  This 
vein  is  about  5  ft.  wide  and  the  rock  will 
yield  about  $80  per  ton.  The  Dacota 
Swin^',  Kent  and  Wadhams  lodes  are  all 
working  with  good  bodies  of  paying  ore  in. 
sight. 

Hot  Sprisos  Dist. — Cor.  same:  Pros- 
pecting and  the  development  of  mines  in 
this  locality  progresses  slowly  but  surely. 

Louu  &  Mullory  have  loased  Mr.  Hyde's 
Mill  at  Sterling,  and  are  crushing  oro  from 
the  Bed  Bluff  Lode.  They  are  employing 
a  new  force  of  miners  for  that  lode. 

Baldwin  it  Dorr  continue  sinking  the 
shaft  on  the  Appalachian  Lode.  This 
mine  improves,  and  the  vein  widens  aswoi  k 
progresses.  Mr.  Bradley's  Bradly  Lode 
looks  as  well  as  ever.  Hapgood  &  Good- 
win have  let  a  contract  for  sinking  on  the 
Bullion  Lode.  The  contractors  are  now 
at  work.  Very  rich  ore  has  boen  taken 
from  this  mine. 

Silver  Mining. — Helena  Gazelle,  Jan.  1st: 
Work  is  going  on  quite  actively  on  the  sil- 
ver lodes  iu  different  directions  from  Hel- 
e"i.  We  hear  of  several  lodes  being 
worked  on  upper  Ten  Mile,  while  the  min- 
ers at  Jefferson  and  elsewhere  are  generally 
as  busy  as  the  weather  will  permit,  and 
there  will  be  many  tonsof  ore  on  the  dump 
in  May  next.  The  Reduction  Works  will 
start  up  again  on  the  10th  of  Jan.,  by  which 
time  they  expect  to  have  on  hand  some- 
thing over  200  tons  of  ore. 

Grizzly  Gulch. — At  this  place  the  dia- 
mond City  mill  has  been  leased  by  Court- 
right  &  Harvey.  The  mill  has  20  stamps 
and  2  arastras.  The  mine  is  4  ft.  in  width, 
a  tunnel  has  been  run  113  ft.,  20  miners 
are  employed  breaking  the  rock,  which 
gives  from  $20  to  $25  per  ton  in  gold. 

Utah. 

Forwarded. — S.  L.  Tribune,  Jan.  10th: 
W.  F.  &  Co.  forwarded  yesterday  to  New 
York  9  bars  of  bullion  worth  .$11,108.43 
from  the  Meadow  Valley  works. 

The  Sp arrow-Hawk,  Camp  Floyd. — 
Capt.  E.  H.  Shaw  is  pushing  this  mine 
through  with  a  purpose.  He  has  43  men 
on  the  ground,  and  yesterday  a  20  Btamp 
mill  for  the  working  of  the  ore  was  ship- 
ped from  S.  F. 

Lion  Hill. — To-day  we  were  shown  a 
specimen  of  ore  from  the  Sunnyside  mine, 
Lion  Hill,  Ophir  Dist.,  it  is  a  very  inter- 
esting specimen  to  all  interested  in  mines 
on  Lion  Hill;  as  it  proves  that  the  chlo- 
rides which  are  found  at  or  near  the  sur- 
face, change  into  sulphurets  with  depth. 
In  this  case  the  change  occurred  at  100  ft. 
The  Sunnyside  mine  is  owned  by  W.  Hus- 
sey,  and  its  shaft  is  now  the  deepest  on 
Lion  Hill. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scten- 
Tii'ic  pREtiti  and  Other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION.  AMOUNT  AND  DAY  DAT 

DATK  OF  AH^KSSMCNT  DELINQUENT.      OP  9ALE. 

AJhambru  Hill  M.  Co.,  X-  v..  Deo.  9.  WC-Jan.  IB— Feb. 5* 

eyo<3    &8.  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  Jan.  9,  $1. Fob.  13,  Mar  14 

Obi  rokee  Flat,  Butta  0o„  Jan.  3,  S2.60. ..Feb,  B    Feb.  98 

El  Dorado  M.  Cu,.  Oal.,  Deo.  7.  '■'" >»u.  24—  Fob.  M 

Ely  Consolidated,  nvv„  Nov.  27,50c Jim.  S— Jim  30 

Em.  ruld  Hill  M.  Co..  U.T.,  Jan  11.  2>e.-Feh.  19,  Mar.  H 
Empire  M.  &  M.  Oo.,  Nov.,  Jan.  5,  $10.. .Feb.  s-i  b.  26 
General  Lee  s.  m.  0  >..  W.P,  Deo,  "-.  WcJan.  10— Jan. 80 

HalO&  NoreXOBS,  N-v.,  Dee.  N,  ?."> Jan.  18  -Feb.  7 

[da  BUmore,  Idaho.  Deo.  30  $3.00 Jan.  31— March  i 

[muerlal  9.  M.  <-'"-.  Nov  .  Jan.  ■',,  |io Fob.  S,  Fob,  2fl 

i  ..    II.  Co.,  Eureka,  Deo.  8.  25c..,. Jan.  10— Jan.  29 

ri  iicaid  i  Lai  Iff.  0o.,J>      "    I  W ran.  17— F.b.  7* 

Knickerbocker  If.  0o„  Nov.,  Deo.  -i,  '•>><-.  .Jan.  7— Jan.  26 

Lemon,  Nov.,  Jan.  fl.  60c Fab,  10  -March  2 

Lillian  HhnM.r....r.iYl>ifct.,N<-.v.ls,  5Qo.,Deo.27,  Jan.  28 

Mammoth,  White  I'm.-.  D<  o.  18,  LOo Jan.  Lfl     Fob.fi 

Meadow  Vail  i  !■•  D  i„  Not.  27,60c...  Jan.  9-Jan.  31 
M.  On..  Oal.,  Jan.  10,  2Dc.Fi  b.  19— March  n* 
Monitor  ft  Magnet,  N.  T.  Deo.  4,  26b.... Jan.  23— Feb.  17 
"■It.  .I.'tV.'rsuii  M.  \  M.  «'"..  riil..  Jan  h,  25e. .l'e  5-  Ft  22" 
n.  v  tda  Con.  bonix  Co.,  Nov,  29,  "'  Qte..Jan.  10— Jan.  29* 
N-evadaL.  and  M.  Co.,  »  s  .  Ji  a.  9.  I     F.  b    L3-Mar.  4* 

Ophir  B.  aL  Co.,  Nov..  Deo.  30,  $2 Jan.  24— Ft  b.  li 

Oris.  Hid.  Treasure,  W.  P.,  Nov. '-'»,  $1.60  Jan  S— Jon 26 

i  iverman,  Nev.,Nov.  20,  $4 Dee.  25 — Jan,  23 

Ploche  \V.  Ex.  Ely  Dist.,  Nov.  38,  $1.50.. Jan.  4— Jan.  27 
Pioehe  S,  M,  Co.,  Nev.,  Doc.  18,  $1.60. ..Jan,  25— Feb.  16 
Pocahontas  O.  M.  Co.,  Oal.,  Nov.  29.  $6..Jan.  0— Jan.  SO* 
Quail  Hill  M.  HiidW.  Co.,  Dec.  19.  $5. .Jim. 23— Feb.  i;;- 
Silver  Wave,  White  Pine,  Dee.  19,  $3.  .Jan.  26— Feb.  23* 
Spring  Mount  Co.,  Ely  Dint,  Nov.  27,  50c.  Jan.  7 — fan.  29 
Succor.  M.  M.  Co.,  G.  H.,  Jan.  3,  $1.60... Feb  G    Feb.  27 

Ternmseh  G.  S.  &  C.  Co.,  Dec.  5,  $3 Jan.  9— Jan.  30* 

Tallulah  M.Oo.,  Humboldt  Co. Nev., Nov  29-$l,Jau  3,  SO 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  4.  $1.00 Feb.  6— Feb.  2G* 

Washington  &  Creole,  Nev,  Nov.  27,50c.  ..Jan.  5— Feb.  1 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Belcher  Minim:  Co. Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  30 

Black  Diamond  Ooal  M.  Co  ...Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  24 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Co.  .Annual  Meeting,   Feb.  :J 

El  Dorado  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jim.  23 

Ely  Consolidated Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  24 

Globe  Mining'  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  25 

Keystone  Con    M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  23 

Marble  Falls  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  22 

Meadow  Valley.  East  Ex.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  20 

Pioehe,  West  Extension  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  23 

Spring  Mount  M.  Co Annual  Meeting.  Jan.  22 

Starlight  (i.  &  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  Jan.  25 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  MonthB). 

Belcher,  $10 J»n.  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1. Payuble  Dec.  11 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Jan.  10 

Crown  Point,  $10 Payable  Jan.  12 

Eurelta  Cons.,  $1 Payable  Oct.  20 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  6 

Meadow  Valley,  $1.50 Payable  Dec.  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Jan.  10 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  Dec.  18 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  Bee.  5 

,*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board, 

Mining  stocks  have  been  active  and  firm  for 
the  week  past  and-  the  Board  has  held  protract- 
ed sessions  owing  to  pressure  of  business. 

On  January  account  $32,400  have  been  re- 
ceived from  the  Meadow  Valley  mine.  The 
sum  of  $50,72G  has  been  received  from  the  Ray- 
mond &  Ely  mine — the  bullion  product  up  to 
the  13th  inst.  A  motion  to  change  the  hour  of 
session  is  under  consideration  by  the  Board, 
Owing  to  x^ress  of  business  it  is  the  general 
wish  to  meet  at  10%  instead  of  11  a.m.  The 
new  Board  spoken  of  in  another  column  con- 
sists of  40  charter  members.  There  are  over  80 
members  belonging  to  the  San  Francisco  Stock 
Board.  Stocks  to-day  are  still  steady  and  ad- 
vancing in  prices. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 


Jan.  11. 

Alpha $- 

Amador — 

Belcher ....  — 

Buclceye $}4 

Ctaollur-Potosi..  39jjj 

Caledonia 15 

Coat.  Virginia. ...  19 
Grown  Point.... 172,^ 

Daney — 

Eurelta  Cons....  24!<i 

Eureka 20 

Empire — 

Gould  &,  Curry..  120 
Golden  Chariot..  21 
Hale  &  Norcross.145 

Imperial 51 

Ida  Elmore 15 

Kentuck — 

Mammoth — 

Meadow  Valley..  17 

Occidental — 

Ophir 39M 

Oris.  Hid.  Treas.    7'it 

Overman 35 

Pioehe 11 

Raymond  &  Ely.  98 

Savage 52A 

Sierra  Nevada...  — 

Hlvor  Wave — 

Wash.  Jfc  Creole..  5 
Yellow  Jaokefc...  fi2 

St.  Patrick 46 

Seg.  Belcher....  37 


Highest. 
21 


Jan.  18. 
26 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  HookerA  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street.] 

PRICES  FOR  I.VV01CK3 

Jobbing  price*  rule  from  ten  tofiftf.cn  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  guntott'ms. 

TmmsDAY,  January  18, 1872 

lRS0Jotch  andJEnglish  Pig  Iron,  $  ton $52  50    @  55  00 

"White  Pig,  fl  ton 45  00    (g) 

Retined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  $  lb —  04    ©  —  Qiii 

Relmed  Bur.  Rood  assortment,  $  tb —05    (o)  —  05>£ 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4  —05    @  — — 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 ~7iiM~05 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 -  05 H® 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —Ob    fry 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —06    @ 

Horse  Shoes "  ™ 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron j* 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.     5    @  6 

Copper.— 

Sheathing.  "#  lb 

Sheathing.  Yellow"- 

Sheathing  Old  Yellow 

Composition  Nails 

Composition  Bolts 

Plates!  Charcoal.  IX  ft  box 12  00 

Plates.  I  (J  Charcoal  10  00 

Ro.ifinK  Plates H  00 

Banea  Tin.  Slabs  ^ft       -  - 

Steel.— English  Cast,  ■$% —  Jb 

Drill 18 

Flat  Bar _  !{ 

Plough  Points ■■    *  "J, 

Russia  ( for  mould^boards) \&h 

Quicksilver.— ft  tb —  — 

LEAD.-pig.ftft -m 

Sheet ~°l 

Pipe -Ql 

Bar ™ 

ZiNO.-Sheets,  ft  lb —  ]» 

Borax.— Refined —  &1 

Borax,  crude —    & 


-24    @- 

—  24 

—  24 


—  45 

-17 

17 


—  85 

—  06^ 

—  8tf 


J5"i 

38 

17 

19 

29 

IS* 

IM 

45f> 

1 

(i« 

V>\i 

2a 

20 

18,'* 

13  a 

143 
45 
15* 


62)4 

39^ 

Vi 
39 

33* 

11 

9M 

98* 

92 

61 

51* 

27 

23 

5% 
63^ 
46 
46 


17^ 
165 
Ml 
11% 

60 

41 


(5}£ 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 

|bid.  asked 


Alpha  Cons 2J 

Amador — 

Belcher 525 

Chollav-Potosi 
Crown  Point. .- 

Daney 

Eureka  Cons.... 

Eureka  

(Jolden  Chariot. 
Gould  &  Curry. 
Hale  itNorcross 


525 

24% 

19 

21^ 


Ida  Elmore.. 

Imperial] 

Kentuck 

Meadow  Valley.. 

Ophir  

Orig.  Hid.  Treas 

Overman 

Savage 

Raymond  A  Ely 
Sierra  Nevada... 
Yellow  Jaoket.. 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Bolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  st.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  January  18. 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  |»rices  still  continue  firm.  octvjg 

City  Tanned  Leather,,  #  ft nS^oo 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  ft  ft „S^,,o 

Country  Leather,  ft  ft .........................2S@28 

The  market  is  well  supplied  with  Irench   stocks,   and 
prices  havo  a  downward  tendency.    Heavy  California  skins 
are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 
Jodot,8Kil.,  perdoz $$  00® 

£» lloon! jaSTifSu Kii. ft doz" •::::■.:  £  S U 11 

Lomoine.  16  to  19  Kil.,  19  dps  g  JO® 

Levin.  12  and  13  Kil..  pet  dos 68  00»  .0  00 

Corncllura,  16  Kil.,  per  doz      .0  00® 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kd.,  per  doz 60  00(g)  68  00 

Ctaruu  Calf.  *doz SJ  SR™ 

Si,,,., n.  I-.  Kil.,r'dos    6J  ™ 

Simon,  211  Kil.  ji  doz M  00 

ISSSa^ldfe::::::::::::::."::::::::".  i  @  « oo 
asM^V^"'*:i:::"::""""v";  &if°®  S 

French  Shre|,.  a"  colors .»  dos 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs. »  lb 1  15®    1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Toppmp,  all  colors,  $  doz. . . .    8  00®  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  LininKS,^  dos 5  50f5)  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  LininKB 1  <5@    5  50 

Beet  Jodot  O'i  Boot  Legs,  *  pair.. 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  LOES.'S  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  LeKS.ia  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  $  lb 30g    87* 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  fl  doz 48  OOra  ,200 

Skirting  Leather,  $  it 34g    3,* 

Welt  Leather,  »  doz »  ™M  50  05 

Buff  Leather,  *  foot 1M       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  V~  foot 18®      20 


There  are  60,000,000  acres  of  wheat  lands  in 
California,  of  which  only  2,600,000  are  under 
cultivation. 


as 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  13,  1872. 


Elephant  Hunting. 

'  In  this  country  when  we  -wish  to  hunt  for 
large  game,  the  buffalo  is  supposed  to  fill  the 
requirement;  but  in  this  respect  African  hunt- 
ers have  the  advantage  of  us  by  being  able  to 
make  an  expedition  against  that  giant  of  the 
forest,  the  elephant.  Many  of  our  readers 
have  no  doubt  seen  this  huge  beast  in  a  menag- 
erie or  a  circus,  where  they  are  tame  and  docile 
and  trained  to  perform  various  tricks;  but  all 
this  is  quite  a  different  thing  from  meeting  one 
in  his  native  wilds,  especially  if  in  the  situation 
of  the  man  shown  in  our  illustration;  who,  in 
addition  to  the  danger  from  the  proximity  of 
the  evidently  enraged  animal,  has  a  baulky 
or  frightened  horse,  which  just  at  a  critical  mo- 
ment, refuses  to  stir. 

The  elephant,  even  in  a  wild  state,  is  one  of 
the  most  wary  of  animals;  in  strength  the 
mammoth  of  modern  days,  and  most  averse  to 
human  intrusion  in  habit.  It  is  a  reflecting, 
contemplative  animal  with  strongly  developed 
tastes  for  solitude  and  peace.  When  they  are 
wounded  or  cornered,  however, 
they  charge  their  assailants  with 
great  fury,  and  the  approach  and 
attack  requires  considerable  cour- 
age and  presence  of  mind.  "When 
the  hunters  find  an  elephant  they 
approaoh  very  carefully,  and  ob- 
serve certain  precautionary  rules 
which  only  experience  in  the 
habits  of  the  animal  would  cause 
to  be  followed.  For  instance, 
Du  Chaillu  informs  us  that  the 
natives  say  you  must  never  ap- 
proach an  elephant  but  from  be- 
hind, as  he  cannot  turn  very  fast, 
and  you  have  time  to  escape  after 
firing.  Great  care  must  also  be 
taken  that  the  vines  which  are  so 
fatal  to  the  elephant  do  not  also 
catch  the  hunters.  When  they 
charge,  the  person  who  wears 
bright  clothing  will  be  likely  to 
get  more  than  his  share  of  the 
fun,  unless  in  a  place  of  safety. 

The  natives  of  Africa  hunt  them 
in  several  ways.    The  forests  in 
some  places  are    full    of    strong 
climbing  plants,  running  to  the 
tops  of  the  trees,  and  the  natives 
twist  and  weave    them    together 
ingeniously  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  make  a  .huge  fence  or  obstruc- 
tion not  sufficient  to  hold  the  ele- 
phant, but  quite  strong  enough 
to  check  him  in  his  flight  and  en- 
tangle him  in  the  meshes  till  the 
hunters  can  have  time  to  kill  him. 
Once    caught    they    surround    him    and    put 
an   end    to    his    existence    by    discharges    of 
spears,  etc.    The  first  motion  of  the  animal 
on  seeing  an  enemy  is  flight.    He  rushes  ahead 
blindly,  but  is  brought  up  by  the  barriers  of 
vines,  which  enrages  and  terrifies  him,  and  he 
tears  up  everything  within  reach,  but  in  vain; 
for  the  tough  vines,  nowhere  fastened,  give 
way  to  his  blows,  and  the  more  he  labors  the 
more  closely  he  is  held. 

Another  plan  is  to  construct  a  nghal  or  inclo- 
sure,  surrounded  by  a  low  fence,  which,  how- 
ever, is  sufficient  to  keep  the  elephants  within, 
for  even  when  enraged  by  a  wound  they  hesi- 
tate to  charge  an  assailant  across  an  intervening 
ridge,  but  will  hurry  along  to  seek  an  opening. 
They  are  entrapped  or  driven  into  this  enclo- 
sure and  then  caught.  It  seems  strange  that 
so  intelligent  an  animal,  will,  with  the  utmost 
calmness,  walk  into  this  trap  and  remain  con- 
fined within  a  fence  not  strong  enongh  to  resist 
a  calf;  but  it  is  nevertheless  true. 


Our  Wool  Product. 


An  important  export  of  California  is  its 
annual  wool  clip,  and  whatever  interests  the 
buyers  of  our  wools,  is  of  equal  interest  to 
the  producers. 

McLennan,  Whelan  &  Grisar's  Wool 
Circular  contains  some  very  interesting 
matter  to  all  connected  with  the  wool 
trade  on  this  coast.  We  learn  from  it 
that  the  receipts  of  California  fleece  for 
the  year  1871  were  74,037  bales,  or  22,- 
187,188  lbs,  and  the  total  receipts  from  all 
quarters  were  79,791  bales,  or  22,478,649 
lbs.  The  wool  was  generally  of  short 
staple,  and  in  many  instances  tender. 
With  the  exception  of  the  Southern  clip, 
which  contained  much  less  burr  than  in 
former  years,  it  did  not  come  up  to  the 
standard  of  1870,  though  some  extra 
choice  lots  were  received.  The  Circular 
says  that  owing  to  a  combination  of 
causes  the  spring  clip  of  this  year  was 
bought  immediately  on  its  arrival,  and 
passed  directly  into  the  hands  of  consum- 
ers, represented  in  this  market  either   by 


does  not  any  longer  yield  any  combing  or 
delaines. 

Comparison  with  Former  Years. 

The  receipts  of  California  wool  for  the 
four  years  last  past  has  been  as  follows: — 
for  1868— 12,987,527 pounds;  for  1869,— 
13,677,720  pounds;  for  1870,-19,472,660 
pounds;  for  1871,-22,187,188  pounds. 
Receipts  from  Oregon  for  the  same  period 
have  been:— 421,460;  1,039,460;  1,403,970; 
921,000. 

Frauds. 

The  Circular  complains  of  frauds  com- 
mitted by  shippers,  such  as  corral  dirt 
hidden  in  the  middle  of  the  fleeces,  sand 
thrown  in  between  layers  of  wool  and  wet 
fleeces  packed  among  dry  ones. 

A  Suggestion. 

The  Circular  appeals  to  the  good  sense 
of  our  farmers  to  add  a  few  head  of  sheep 
to  their  general  farming  stock,  as  is  done  in 
Canada.  These  sheep  will  be  a  benefit  to 
their  farm  in  eating  the  grass  which  other 
stock  do  not  consume,  and  giving  the  best 
manure  inTeturn.  These  small  herds  can 
be  better  cared  for  than  large   ones,   they 


ELEPHANT     HUNTING. 


White  Gutta-Percha. — The  Journal  of 
Applied  Chemistry  gives  the  following 
method  of  preparing  this,  for  dentist's  use 
and  for  other  purposes.  Pour  ounces  of 
of  pure  gutta-percha  are  digested  with  five 
pounds  of  methyl-chloroform  until  the  so- 
lution is  thin  enough  to  pass  through  fil- 
tering paper.  It  is  then  filtered  (an  addi- 
tional pound  of  chloroform  will  facilitate 
this) ,  and  should  then  be  clear  and  nearly 
odorless.  Alcohol  is  now  added  in  suffi- 
cient quanity  to  precipitate  the  gutta-per- 
cha in  a  voluminous  white  mass,  which  is 
washed  with  alcohol,  pressed  in  a  cloth, 
and  dried  in  the  air.  It  must  finally  be 
boiled  in  water  in  a  porcelain  vessel  for 
half  an  hour,  and  while  still  hot  rolled 
into  sticks.  The  chloroform  can  be  separ- 
ated from  the  alcohol  by  adding  water  and 
the  alcohol  reoovered  by  distillation. 


owners  or  agents  of  Eastern  manufacto- 
ries. 

The  Prices 
Obtained  were  very  high,  the  market 
having  been  considerably  excited  at  the 
immediate  opening  of  the  season — an  ex- 
citement which  continued  without  inter- 
mission until  its  close,  prices  having 
steadily  advanced  from  day  to  day. 

The  following  facts  will  undeniably  ac- 
count for  the  great  demand  and  rapid  ad- 
vance in  the  price  of  wools: 

First; — The  great  scarcity  of  medium 
wools  in  the  Eastern  market,  as  well  in 
the  hands  of  dealers  as  manufacturers; 
consequently,  California  being  the  first 
source  of  supply  open  to  fill  the  require- 
ment, the  buyers  were  eager  to  avail  them- 
sellves  of  it. 

Second — The  wool  markets  all  over  the 
world  have  considerably  advanced  the 
prices  for  that  article,  as  a  necessary  con- 
sequence the  price  of  manufactured  wool- 
en goods  has  likewise  increased. 

The  total  value  of  the  receipts  of  1871 
is  set  down  at  $6,605,132.  The  average 
price  of  spring  wool  is  set  down  at  29c.  per 
ft) ;  fall  wool  at  25c. ;  Oregon  wool  at  40c.  and 
Foreign  wool  at  45c.  The  latter  amounted 
to  only  §164,475  of  the  total  amount  of 
value. 

The  Receipts  Irom  Oregon,  Etc., 

Are  set  down  at  921,000  pounds  and  from 
foreign  ports  365,461.  The  condition  of 
Oregon  shipments  are  reported  not  as 
good  as  in  former  years;  some  lots  being 
of  tender  staple  and  poor  texture.  For- 
merly, says  the  Circular,  Oregon  wool  was 
characterized  by  freedom  from  burrs,  seed 
and  tags;  it  was  lustrous  and  well 
adapted  for  combing  purposes.  Since 
then  the  nature  of  this  wool  has  com- 
pletely changed,  and  with  the  exception  of 
a  few  privileged  counties,  where  the 
breeding  has  been  better   attended  to,  it 


are  more  easily  kept  clean,  and  their  wool 
will  always  command  a  higher  price  than 
others.  Long-wooled  sheep  especially 
prosper  well  in  small  bands. 

Rain  by  Machinery. — The  latest  agri- 
cultural experiment  in  England  is  surface 
irrigation  by  artificial  rains.  This  has 
been  tried  at  Stoke  Park,  the  surface  ex- 
perimented upon  being  a  tract  of  twenty 
acres  in  grass.  Every  night,  except  when 
natural  rains  made  it  unnecessary,  during 
the  season  of  1871,  water  has  been  applied 
in  artificial  showers.  The  apparatus  con- 
sists of  pipes  laid  in  the  ground,  supplied 
from  elevated  reservoirs,  into  which  the 
water  is  pumped  by  machinery.  The  fol- 
lowing figures  will  show  the  result  per 
acre:  Interest  (5  per  cent)  on  cost  of  ma- 
chinery and  pipes,  $7.50;  superstruction 
and  fuel,  $7.50;  manure,  other  top  dress- 
ing, $67.50;  cost  of  harvesting,  $12.50 ; 
to'al  expense,  $95.  The  value  of  the  prod- 
uct of  each  is  stated  as  $200;  the  net  profit 
is  thus  $105;  Land  of  the  same  character 
and  in  the  same  tract,  not  so  irrigated, 
netted  only  $45  per  acre. 

Volcanic  Eruptions  — In  the  eruption 
of  Vesuvius,  A.  D.,  79,  the  scoria  and 
ashes  vomited  forth,  far  exceeded  the  en- 
tire bulk  of  the  mountain;  while  in  1660, 
iEtna  disgorged  more  than  20  times  its  own 
mass.  Vesuvius  has  sent  its  ashes  as  far 
as  Constantinople,  Syria  and  Egypt.  It 
hurled  stones,  eight  pounds  in  weight,  to 
Pompeii,  a  distance  of  six  miles,  while 
similar  masses  were  tossed  up  2,000  feet 
above  its  summit.  Cotopaxi  has  projected 
a  block,  109  cubic  yards  in  volume,  a  dis- 
tance of  nine  miles;  and  Sumbawa,  1815, 
during  the  mOBt  terrible  eruption  on  re- 
cord, sent  its  ashes  as  far  as  Java,  a  dis- 
tance of  300  miles  of  surface;  and  out  of  a 
population  of  12,000  souls,  only  twenty 
escaped. 


Amendment  of  the  Mining  Law. 

The  following  is  a  copy  in  full  of  the 
bill  now  before  the  Legislature  authoriz- 
ing summary  removal  of  Trustees  of  min- 
ing 'companies,  at  a  called  meeting  of 
shareholders: 

An  Act  supplemental  to  an  Act  entitled 
an  Act  concerning  Corporations,  passed 
22d  April,  1850. 

The  People  of  the  State  of  Calif orna  rep- 
resented in  Senate  and  Assembly  do  enact 
as  follows: 

Section  1.  On  petition  of  one-third  of 
the  shareholders  formed  for  the  purpose  of 
mining  to  the  County  Judge  of  the  county 
where  said  corporation  has  its  principal 
place  of  business,  verified  by  the  signers 
to  the  effect  thoy  are  severally  the  holders 
on  the  books  of  the  company  of  the  num- 
ber of  shares  set  opposite  their  signatures 
to  the  foregoing  petition,  the  County 
Judge  shall  issue  his  notice  to  the  share- 
holders of  said  company  that  a  meeting  of 
the  shareholders  will  be  held,  stating  the 
time,  not  less  than  five  nor 
more  than  ten  days  after  the 
first  publication  of  such  no- 
->-.,  tice,  and  the  place  of  meeting 

_; "J-_  within  said   county,   and  the 

^-_^  '■  object  to  be  to  take  into  con- 

pgT  sideration  the  removal  of  offi- 

Hssl       eera  °f   sa"^   company,  which 
ftSJI-      ,       notice,    signed    by    the    said 
T"1|BB1      County  Judge,  shall  be  pub- 
'- r    ...":'.      lished  daily    in    one    or  more 
daily  newspapers  published  in 
said   county  for  at  least  five 
days  before  the  time  for  the 
meeting. 

Section  2.  At  the  time  and 
place  appointed  by  said  notice, 
those  claiming  to  be  share- 
holders who  shall  assemble 
shall  proceed  to  organize  by 
the  appointment  of  a  Chair- 
man and  Secretary,  and  there- 
upon those  claiming  to  be 
shareholders  shall  present 
proof  thereof,  and  only  those 
showing  a  right  to  vote  shall 
take  part  in  the  further  pr  oceed- 
ings.  If  it  appears  that  at  the 
time  appointed,  or  within  one 
hour  thereafter,  shareholders 
of  less  than  one-half  the  shares 
are  present,  no  further  pro- 
ceedings shall  be  had,  but  the 
meeting  shall  be  ipse  facto  dis- 
solved; but  if  the  holders  of 
more  than  one-half  of  the 
shares  are  present  they  shall 
j}roceed  to  vote,  the  Secretary 
calling  the  roll,  and  the  mem- 
bers voting  yea  or  no  as  the 
case  may  be.  The  Secretary 
shall  enter  the  same  upon  his 
book,  and  when  he  has  added 
up  the  list  and  stated  the  result,  he  shall 
sign  the  same  and  hand  it  to  the  Chairman, 
who  shall  also  sign  the  same  and  declare 
the  result. 

Section  3.  If  the  result  of  the  vote  is, 
that  the  holders  of  a  majority  of  all  the 
shares  of  the  company  are  in  favor  of  the 
removal  of  one  or  more  of  the  officers  of 
the  company,  the  meeting  shall  then  pro- 
ceed to  ballot  for  officers  to  supply  the  va- 
cancies thus  created.  Tellers  shall  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Chairman,  who  shall  collect 
the  ballots  and  deliver  them  to  the  Secre- 
tary, who  shall  count  the  same  in  open 
session,  and  having  stated  the  result  of 
the  count  in  writing,  shall  sign  the  same 
and  hand  it  to  the  Chairman,  who  shall 
announce  the  result  to  the  meeting. 

Section  4.  A  report  of  the  proceedings 
of  the  meeting  shall  be  made  in  writing, 
signed  by  the  Chairman  and  Secretary  and 
verified  by  them,  and  delivered  to  the 
County  Judge,  who  shall  thereupon  issue 
to  each  person  chosen  a  certificate  of  his 
election,  and  the  petition  and  report,  in- 
dorsed, with  the  date  and  fact  of  the  issu- 
ance of  such  certificate,  shall  be  delivered 
to  the  County  Clerk,  to  be  by  him  filed  in 
his  office,  and  thereafter  the  persons  thus 
elected  officers  shall  be  the  duly  elected 
officers,  and  hold  office  until  the  next  reg- 
ular annual  meeting,  unless  removed  un- 
der the  provision  hereof. 

Section  5.  For  all  services  in  these  pro- 
ceedings, the  County  Clerk  shall  receive 
$10  on  the  issuance  of  the  notice,  and  $10 
on  the  issuance  of  the  certificate. 

Section  6.     All  acts  or  parts  of  acts  con- 
flicting with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 
Section  7.     This  act  shall    take  effect 
immediately. 

Tea  Culture. — Col.  Hollister,  of  Los  Angeles 
county  is  making  extensive  preparations  for  the 
culture  of  tea. 


January  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


39 


f 


*gOPULAR   ^ECTURES. 

Industrial  and  Agricultural  Needs  of 
the  State. 

IBy  Prof.  Ezn»  S.  CiWt,  ol  the  Col.   S 
Ufam  the  Mkluani.    \        I    1] 

tuto  Hull,  s.  F.  Reported  expn&alj  fur  ibe  Passu] 
Lectciie  No.  IV,  Jan.  13,  1872.—  The 
course  of  leotniee  before  the  Mechanics' 
Arts  College  was  resumed  on  Saturday 
evening  before  n  full  class.  Mr.  Hal- 
lidie  announced  that  the  next  lecture 
of  tho  courso  would  bedolivedby  Professor 
Kellogg  of  tho  Chair  of  English  Literature 
in  the  University.  Prof.  Carr  announced 
as  his  subject  tho  "Industrial  and  Agri- 
cultural needs  of  tho  State."  He  began  by 
contrasting  the  present  condition  of  the 
English  laborers  with  those  in  America; 
and  thought  that  the  greatest  proof  of  the 
power  of  freo  institutions  lay  in  the  amount 
of  information  possessed  by  American 
laborers  in  the  face  of  the  carelessness 
shown  in  their  education,  and  if  Europe 
was  daily  more  and  more  preparing  for  a 
republican  form  of  government,  how  care- 
ful should  our  Government  be  to  secure 
the  perpetuation  of  its  freedom  by  a  thor- 
ough education  of  its  working  classes. 

The  first  great  requirement  in  this  land 
is  the  fullest  and  inost_  liberal  education  of 
of  the  masses.  It  is  not  sufficient,  in  order 
to  train  a  boy  to  vote  intelligently  upon 
the  question  of  free  trade,  that  he  should 
simply  understand  arithmetic  and  gram- 
mar but  that  he  should  be  liberally  educa- 
ted. The  time  is  approaching  when  scientific 
study  of  human  nature  will  be  a  necessity. 
Until  the  laws  of  life  and  the  manner  in 
which  they  affect  social  problems  are 
learned  and  understood,  legislation  will  re- 
main a  series  of  legalized  experiments.  A 
vital  question  is  how  shall  we  educate  our 
young  men  so  as  to  make  more  farmers, 
mechanios  and  producers.  The  lecturer 
gave  a  very  graphic  account  of  the  causes 
which  have  led  to  the  decline  to  the  coun- 
try and  farm  life  in  its  social  aspect,  and 
said  that  one  man,  by  leaving  a  rural  home 
for  the  pleasures  of  city  life  on  the  ac- 
quirement of  riches,  would  unsettle  the 
minds  of  many  of  his  neighbors  and  ren- 
der them  dissatisfied  with  their  lot.  Peo- 
ple must  rely  upon  co-operation  and  com- 
munity and  begin  to  care  more  for  neigh- 
bors than  for  acres.  The  people  of  the 
little  settlement  of  Anaheim  have  profited 
by  understanding  this  principle. 

While  drawing  a  vivid  jpicture  of  rural 
life  and  labor,  he  said  that  it  was  useless 
to  eulogize  callings  from  which  farmers' 
and  mechanics'  sons  were  turning  in  dis- 
gust. When  they  grew  up  they  began  to 
see  that  the  trades  of  their  fathers  kept 
them  in  a  lower  position  in  the  social  scale 
than  they  wished  to  be,  and  they  desired 
to  become  clerks  and  abandon  the  business 
of  their  fathers  as  beneath  them.  He  al- 
luded to  the  fact  that  already  in  California 
we  are  to-day  looking  to  the  lower  class  of 
foreign  immigration  for  manufacturers, 
mechanics  and  laborers  in  the  field.  We 
must  learn,  and  at  last  are  beginning  to 
learn,  that  the  farm  and  factory  are  to  be 
the  foundations  of  success  in  this  State  as 
in  other  ones.  The  lecturer  gave  a  graphic 
account  ofthe  causes  which  led  to  the 
decline  of  country  life,  attributed  it  to  de- 
fective education,  and  advocated  a?sthetical 
culture  as  its  cure. 

The  prejudice  against  "book  learning" 
on  agricultural  matters,  and  the  old  notion 
about  "  mother  wit  and  plenty  of  manure," 
has  passed  away  and  had  its  day.  In- 
ventors, mechanics  and  newspapers  are 
rapidly  bringing  about  a  proper  acknowl- 
edgment of  the  benefits  of  science  as  ap- 
plied to  the  affairs  of  every-day  life,  and 
in  enlightening  and  improving  the  world. 
The  increasing  popularity  of  agricultural 
and  mechanical  colleges  is  one  of  the  best 
assurances  of  a  rapid  change  for  the  bet- 
ter.    The   lecturer  followed  with  a  highly 


interesting  account  of  the  agricultural  and 
mechanical  colleges  of  Europe,  especially 
those  of  Prussia,  where  tho  government 
at  the  expense  of  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  dollars  annually  maintains  and  supports 
schools  and  colleges  devoted  to  tho  prac- 
tical teaching  of  agriculture,  mechanic  and 
productive  arts.  Here  thousands  of  schol- 
ars, from  the  sons  of  nobles  to  those  of  the 
poorest  peasant,  receive  a  liberal  educa- 
tion at  tho  expense  of  the  government;  and 
some  of  them  do  manna]  labor  in  the  fields 
and  workshops,  and  attend  tho  schools 
dining  their  leisure  time. 

Prof,  Carr  here  reviewed  the  condition 
of  the  same  institutions  in  this  country, 
which  are  yet  in  their  infancy,  and  gave  a 
description  of  what  our  own  State  Uni- 
versity intends  to  do,  paid  a  glowing  trib- 
ute to  tho  Regents  for  their  liberal  spirit 
in  throwing  open  the  doors  to  all,  without 
distinction  of  sex,  and  closed  tho  lecture 
with  an  eloquent  tribute  to  agriculture  as 
the  first  foundation  of  all  arts. 


Qood   h|E\LTrj. 


UsEfllL     If<pOr\|vI^7IOM. 


Concord  Axles. — For  fifty  years  the 
name  of  Concord,  N.  H.,  has  beeu  familiar 
on  overy  stage  road  as  a  great  center  for 
the  manufacture  of  coaches,  and,  iu  many 
sections  of  the  country,  famous  not  only 
for  its  coaches,  but  also  for  its  wagons  and 
carriages  of  almost  every  description. 
Many  shops  throughout  the  country  may 
claim  to  produce  as  finely  finished  work, 
but  for  durability  and  perfect  action  none 
have  more  justly  deserved  the  enviable 
reputation  they  have  acquired  than  the 
Concord  manufacturers.  One  very  im- 
portant reason  of  the  superiority  of  their 
manufacture  has  been  the  quality  of  the 
axles  used.  It  is  claimed  by  Messrs.  D. 
Arthur  Brown  &  Co.,  proprietors  of  the 
Concord  Axle  works,  located  at  Fisher- 
ville,  a  village  in  the  town  of  Concord,  N. 
H.,  that  the  material  used  by  them  in  the 
manufacture  of  axles  is  of  a  quality  supe- 
rior to  that  usually  employed  for  this  pur- 
pose, and  that  by  a  process  of  manufacture 
peculiar  to  them,  their  axles  wear  longer, 
run  truer,  and  carry  a  heavier  load  than 
any  in  market.  The  present  firm  com- 
menced operations  in  18G4,  the  business  of 
the  establishment  having  been  previously 
begun  in  1858.  They  are  now  manufac- 
turing from  200  to  250  tons  of  finished 
axles,  besides  about  300  tons  of  stove  and 
other  castings  per  annum.  Their  goods 
are  sold  extensively  throughout  New 
England,  in  many  of  the  Western  cities, 
and  largely  in  California  and  along  the 
Pacific  Coast. 


An  Improved  Crucible. — A  crucible  for 
melting  metal  has  been  invented,  which 
consists  in  providing  the  ordinary  cruci- 
ble of  plumbago  or  other  substance  with 
a  flue  or  passage  from  the  bottom  to  the 
top,  for  allowing  the  heat  to  act  upon  the 
center  of  the  mass  of  metal  contained  in 
the  crucible  more  directly  than  it  other- 
wise can.  This  passage  is  surrounded  by 
a  shell  or  tube  of  the  same  material  of 
which  the  crucible  is  made.  The  inven- 
tor also  grooves,  or  indents,  or  constructs 
the  sides  of  the  crucible,  both  inside  and 
out,  so  as  to  form  projections  to  interlock 
with  the  paste  or  clay  or  other  substance 
with  which  the  crucible  is  coated,  to  cause 
the  coatings  to  be  retained  much  longer 
than  they  now  are,  thereby  preserving  the 
crucible  much  longer,  and  reducing  the 
cost  of  melting  steel  or  other  metals. 

The  substitution  of  slate  for  boxwood  in 
engraving  is  found  to  be  specially  adapted 
for  engravings  in  relief.  It  is  stated  that 
while  blocks  of  slate  are  easily  cut,  they 
will  wear  as  well  as  electrotypes,  and 
furnish  over  one  hundred  thousand  sharp 
impressions  without  loss  of  detail.  The 
plates  are  not  affected  by  oil  or  water,  do 
not  vary  with  temperature,  and  never  be- 
come warped,  which  is  the  grand  fault 
with  box  wood  Tinder  certain   conditions. 


Raising  Silkworms. — Garret,  of  Cham- 
bery,  by  a  peculiar  system  of  warming  a 
and  ventilation,  is  said  to  have  reduced  the 
period  of  breeding  silkworms  to  eighteen 
or  twenty  days.  As  an  evidence  of  the  ad- 
vantages which  sericulture  has  derived 
from  scientific  research,  M.  G.  Raulin 
states  that  an  ounce  of  the  eggs  furnished 
by  M.  Pasteur  yield  about  three  times  as 
much  silk  as  an  ounce  of  the  ordinary 
eggs. 

A  Big  eel  in  a  water-pipe  stopped  "a  three 
hundred  horse-power  engine  in  Lancaster 
Mills,  Clinton,  a  few  days  since. 


Doctors  and  their  Fees. 

Only  quacks  advertise  "  No  cure,  no 
pay."  All  honorable  physicians  charge 
for  their  time  and  trouble  in  proportion  to 
their  talent  and  reputation,  no  matter 
whether  the  patient  remains  sick,  or  gets 
better,  gets  worse,  or  dies. 

Many  physicians  make  a  discrimination 
in  regard  to  these  charges,  according  to  tho 
wealth  of  the  patient;  and  this  appears  no 
more  than  fair,  as  a  poor  man  is  unable  to 
pay  as  much  as  a  rich  man.  Not  that  his 
life  is  worth  less;  it  may  be  worth  more, 
for  all  that,  as  the  poor  man  ma}'  perform 
useful  labor,  while  the  rich  man  may  be  a 
useless  consumer  of  tho  goods  of  creation; 
but  that  ought  not  to'eause  a  physician  to 
charge  a  rich  man  less,  as  the  best  rule  for 
them  is,  to  let  the  rich  pay  for  the  poor, 
and  to  help  the  very  poor  for  nothing,  as 
all  respectable  doctors  actually  do. 

The  Medical  Gazette  reports  that  previ- 
ous to  the  thirteenth  century  tho  law  reg- 
ulated the  fee  for  doctors  proportionally 
to  the  rank  of  the  patient;  so  for  curing  a 
bishop  or  local  chief,  he  had  forty-two 
cows,  and  for  a  member  of  the  lowest  rank 
only  six  cows.  This  was  for  serious  com- 
plaints; for  slight  complaints,  it  was  less 
in  proportion,  and  if  no  cure  was  per- 
formed, there  was  no  pay. 

Dio  Lewis  declares  that  our  present  sys- 
tem of  employing  doctors  is  all  wrong, 
and  advises  people  to  make  contracts  with 
them  at  S200  for  each  family,  and  a  de- 
duction of  two  dollars  for  each  case  of 
sickness.  This  is  the  Chinese  system. 
There  every  family  of  note  has  its  physi- 
cian, who  has  a  salary  of  a  certain  sum 
per  head,  to  keep  them  all  in  good  health. 
The  amount  of  this  salary  is  according  to 
the  social  condition  of  the  family  and  the 
reputation  of  the  doctor.  As  soon  as  a 
member  of  the  family  is  sick,  his  share  in 
the  salary  is  stopped,  and  not  commenced 
again  before  his  health  is  restored.  It  is 
seen  that  the  doctors  in  China  are  not  en- 
couraged to  protract  the  sickness  of  rich 
persons,  as  is  the  case  with  us. 

The  Use  of  Camphor. 

When  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  nose, 
frontal  sinuses,  etc. ,  is  affected  by  catarrh, 
a  strong  solution  of  camphor  frequently 
and  for  some  hours  snuffed  up  the  nose, 
and  five  or  six  drops  taken  internally  on  a 
lump  of  sugar,  at  first  for  every  ten  min- 
utes, then  every  hour,  will  usually  put  a 
stop  to  the  affection.  Ordinary  cold  and 
even  influenza,  if  treated  in  this  manner  at 
the  very  beginning  of  the  attack,  are  gener- 
ally controlled  by  the  same  treatment. 

Attacks  of  incessant  sneezing  and  pro- 
fuse running  at'the  eyes  and  nose  will  gen- 
erally yield  to  a  strong  solution  of  cam- 
phor diligently  sniffed  upjthe  nose.  In 
summer  diarrhoea  no  remedy  is  so  effica- 
cious as  camphor,  if  employed  at  the  very 
commencement  of  the  disease;  later  it  is 
without  effect.  Its  influence  over  cholera 
is  equally  remarkable.  Dose:  six  drops  of 
a  strong  alcoholic  solution  of  camphor, 
given  at  first  every  ten  minutes;  after- 
ward, as  the  symptoms  abate,  less  fre- 
quently. 

To  Avoid  the  Ague. 

Editors  Press: — There  are  a  few  mala- 
rious districts  in  California  where  ague  or 
chills  and  fever  are  more  or  less  prevalent. 
A  residence  of  20  years  in  one  of  the  most 
malarious  districts  of  Michigan,  and  a 
close  observation  of  cause  and  effect,  con- 
vinced me  that  one  of  the  best  preventives 
to  ward  off  the  attack  of  this  troublesome 
malady,  is  found  in  fortifying  the  stomach 
with  a  full,  hearty  breakfast,  as  soon  after 
getting  up  in  the  morning  as  possible,  and 
before  taking  hold  of  any  of  the  severe 
labors  of  the  day.  w. 

Treatment  or  Footsoreness. — The  Lan- 
cet states  that  the  Inspector-General  has 
directed  that  every  man  suffering  from  feet 
blistered  by  marching  is  to  be  taken  at  eve- 
ning parade  to  the  medical  officer,  who 
should  cause  him  to  wash  his  feet,  and  then 
to  pass  a  needle  with  a  worsted  thread 
through  each  blister,  cutting  off  the  thread 
a  little  distance  outside  the  blister  at  each 
side,  and  leaving  a  portion  in  it.  The  part 
is  then  to  be  rubbed  with  common  soap, 
the  sock  put  on  and  wetted  over  all  promi- 
nent points,  and  tho  soap  again  rubbed  over 
them  freely.  When  properly  attended  to, 
no  man  should  be  unable  to  march  the 
following  day  on  account  of  blistered  feet, 
unless  the  cuticle  has  actually  been  re- 
moved, leaving  a  raw  surface  exposed. 


Biliousness. 

Persons  inclined  to  biliousness  should 
carefully  avoid  all  mental  disturbance  or 
excitement  at  meal  time,  or  just  before  or 
after  it.  It  is  wonderful  with  what  prompt- 
ness in  some  individuals  the  least  mental 
excitement  or  disturbance  will  stop  diges- 
tion in  the  stomach;  eating  too  hurriedly; 
a  little  vexation  because  the  dinner  is  not 
ready  or  because  it  is  not  cooked  to  suit; 
being  engrossed  in  some  perplexing 
thought  or  revolving  some  wild  scheme 
while  eating,  are  all  so  many  injunctions 
on  the  stomach-work  of  sensitive  bodies. 
Time  to  eat  should  be  taken,  and  no  more 
than  on  tho  sanctity  of  the  family  devo- 
tions, should  anything  else  be  allowed  to 
encroach.  We  ought  at  that  time  to  con- 
sign to  a  momentary  banishment  all  petu- 
lance and  bad  tempers,  and  be,  for  the 
time,  smiles  and  benignity  all  over. 

The  digestion  of  animal  foods  is  not  in- 
terfered with  to  nearly  as  great  a  degree  by 
mental  and  nervous  causes  as  that  of  vege- 
table origin;  hence  it  is  proper  to  eat  quite 
largely  of  meats  and  milk,  but  they — the 
meats— should  be  carefully  prepared  with 
regard  to  digestion. 

We  cannot  but  believe  that  the  lining  of 
the  stomach  which  induces  many  of  these 
attacks,  is  brought  about  by  too  frequent 
meals.  Many  do  not  allow  time  for  diges- 
tion and  rest  for  the  organism  between  the 
meals,  a  second  eating  of  hearty  food  is 
brought  for  digestion,  before  the  first  is 
fairly  disposed  of.  People  ought  to  arise 
early  enongh  to  take  an  early  breakfast,  or 
else  they  should  take  a  very  light  one,  and 
the  supper  ought  to  be  postponed  until  at 
least  six  hours  after  dinner. 

For  bilious  attacks  of  spring  we  must 
regulate  our  diet  to  the  changing  of  the 
season.  Decrease  the  amount  of  fat  pro- 
ducing, carbonaceous  food  consumed;  eat 
less  fat  meat — better  eat  none  at  all ;  dis- 
card the  ham — not  the  eggs,  drop  off  the 
buckwheat  cakes,  and  put  away  the  syrup 
pitcher  for  another  year,  or  use  it  very 
sparingly.  Bring  in  instead  of  these — the 
eggs,  lean  meat,  milk  and  vegetables,  being 
always  sure  to  have  them  cooked  with  most 
scrupulous  care  as  to  their  digestibility. 
Avoid  constipation,  and  keep  the  body  well 
clad  and  protected  against  the  chilling 
winds  of  the  season. 

Replanting  a  Tooth. — When  the  tooth 
is  somewhat  loose,  and  painful  to  bite 
on,  with  swelling  at  the  gum,  and  suppur- 
ation, the  tooth  is  taken  out;  all  the  dis- 
eased parts  are  scraped  from  the  roots,  and 
it  is  washed  and  disinfected  iu  carbolic 
acid,  but  those  portions  of  mucous  mem- 
brane which  are  commonly  attached  to  the 
neck  of  a  tooth,  and  appear  healthy,  are 
not  scraped  away.  The  socket  from  which 
the  tooth  was  drawn  is  also  properly 
cleaned,  and  the  tooth  is  put  back  in  its 
former  place,  and  in  a  number  of  cases 
takes  root,  and  fixes  itself  firmly  in  the 
course  of  a  fortnight,  and  then  becomes 
as  serviceable  as  the  other  teeth.  This 
i%  a  remarkable  instance  of  vital  force. 
By  the  small  portion  of  living  tissue  left 
adherent  to  the  tooth,  attachment  to  the 
jaw  is  renewed ;  and  though  failures  occur, 
there  is  reason  to  believe  that  as  in  other 
surgical  operations,  they  will  become  fewer 
as  the  operators  acquire  experience.  The 
teeth  are  so  important  to  life  and  health, 
that  whatever  tends  to  preserve  them 
should  be  encouraged. 

In  Fevers. — As  long  as  the  patient  is 
able  he  should  sit  up  out  of  bed,  at  least 
one  hour  of  the  day — longer,  if  he  should 
not  be  raised  while  he  is  perspiring.  Tho 
bed  should  be  constantly  made  every  day, 
the  sheets  and  linen  should  be  changed 
every  two  days,  taking,  however,  the  great- 
est care  that  they  are  dry  even  as  tinder. 
Nothing  more  induces  to  protract  a  fever 
than  keeping  the  sick  constantly  in  bed, 
and  withholding  a  constant  and  regular 
supply  of  fresh  linen. 

Healthful  Effect  of  Atmospheric  Pres- 
sure.— M.  P.  Bert  has  been  experimenting 
upon  the  vital  effects  of  varying  atmos- 
pheric pressure.  He  finds  that  a  sudden 
diminution  of  pressure  to  the  extent  of  15 
or  18  centimeters  speedily  produces  death, 
but  if  the  diminution  is  gradual,  the  life  of 
mammals  may  bo  sustained  even  under  so 
low  a  pressure  as  12  centimetres.  The  con- 
sumption of  oxygen  and  the  temperature 
of  the  body  diminish  with  the  diminution 
of  pressure. 

The  cundurango,  alleged  to  be  a  cure 
for  cancer,  is  not  a  tree,  as  has  been  sup- 
posed, but  a  vine  similar  to  the  grape, 
and  its  fruit  is  about  twelve  inches  long 
and  four  in  diameter.  The  sap  of  the 
vine  is  the  color  of  milk,  and  this  is  be- 
lieved to  contain  the  valuable  elements  of 
the  vine. 


40 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  20,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


GEO.  H.  STRONG, 
JNO.  L.  EOONE. 


DEWEY  «Sfc  CO.,  Publishers. 

A,  T.  DEWEY, 
W.  B.  EWER, 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St. ,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  opposite 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising  Kates,  —lweek.  lmovth.   ZmonQis.   lyear. 

Perline 25  .80  $2.00        $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3  00  7.60         20.00 

Oneinch 2.00  5.00  14.00  36.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rateB. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4; 
sis  months,  $2.50;  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 


San.  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Jan.  20,  1872. 

Gold  and  Iiegal  Tender  Bates. 

San  Francisco,  Wednesday,  January  17,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying  91?i ;  selling,  92H-  Gold  in  New  Yorfc 
to-day,  109. 


Table  of  Contents. 

Rickey's  Improved  Bung  and  Bung  Inserter;  * 
A  New  Stock  Board Page  33 

Correspondence. — Mines  near  Deer  Lodge  M. 
T. ;  Remarkable  Succession  of  Floods;  The 
Paul  Process  at  Dun  Glen;  How  to  Keep 
from  Freezing;  Truckee,  Nevada 34 

Mechanical  Progress. — Machine  Puddling  a 
Success  ;  Pulverized  Fuel ;  Improved  Con- 
struction of  Sheet-iron  Stacks ;  Speed  of 
Ocean  Steamers 35 

Scientific  Progress. — The  force  of  Life;  Iron 
Electrotypes  ; 35 

Mining  Summary. — Eeports  from  Mines  in 
various  States  Counties,  and  Districts;  Stock 
Reports;  Metal  and  Leather  markets;  Share- 
holder's Directory 36—37 

Elephant  Hunting;*  Our  "Wool  Product;  Rain 
by  Machinery;  Amendment  of  the  Mining 
Law 38 

Useful  Information. — Concord  Axles;  An  Im- 
proved Crucible;  Raising  Silkworms.  Good 
Health.— Doctors  and  their  Fees;  The  Use 
of  Camphor;  To  Avoid  the  Ague;  Bilious- 
ness; Replanting  a  Tooth 39 

Geological  Survey;  Hints  to  Miners — No.  7;* 40 

New  Line  of  Steamers  to  Europe;  Knowles' 
Patent  Steam  Pumps;*  California  Brandies; 
Quartz  in  Granite;  Whelpley  &  Storer's  Pul- 
verizer   41 

Domestic  Economy. — Cooking  and  Architec- 
ture ;  Powders,  Perfumes  and  Flavoring  ; 
Cooking  Ham.  Mechanical  Hints. — A  New 
Zinc  Paint;  Salt  Water  in  Steam  Boilers 42 

*  Illustrated. 


Park  Commissioners'  Report. — We  have  re- 
ceived from  the  hand  of  William  Hammond 
Hall,  Engineer  and  Superintendent  of  the 
Golden  Gate  Park,  the  first  Biennial  Report  of 
the  Park  Commissioners.  It  is  an  elaborate 
document  setting  forth  the  contemplated  im- 
provements and  the  actual  progress  made  in 
laying  out  and  beautifying  the  grounds,  the 
amount  already  expended  and  the  balance  on 
hand. 

It  appears  that  the  eastern  end  of  the  Park 
and  the  Avenue  Reserve  have  received  the  first 
attention  from  the  engineer,  and  already  give 
evidence  of  a  master  hand.  In  a  few  months, 
pleasure  grounds,  lawns,  conservatories  and 
flower  gardens  will  beautify  the  landscape,  and 
carriage  drives  and  avenues  will  meander 
through  the  Park,  in  the  midst  of  natural 
shrubbery  and  around  artificial  lakes.  We  can 
even  now  congratulate  our  citizens  on  the  pros- 
pect of  a  Park  that  will  be  second  to  no  other 
in  the  United  States.  San  Francisco  has  the 
money  to  make  it  so,  and  we  have  seen  New 
York  Central  Park. 


A  New  Trade. — Several  months  since  an  ex- 
perimental shipment  of  doors  and  sugar  pine 
lumber  was  made  from  this  port  to  Melbourne. 
The  last  steamer  from  that  port  brought  news 
of  the  result  of  the  venture,  which  is  sufficiently 
favorable  to  warrant  further  and  larger  ship- 
ments of  the  same  kind.  Heretofore,  Boston 
has  almost  monopolized  the  Australian  market 
for  doors,  sash,  blinds,  and  pine  lumber,  and  it 
is  a  matter  of  considerable  importance  to  find 
that  San  Francisco  will  henceforth  be  able  to 
control  a  portion  of  this  trade. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. — The  com- 
munication of  C.  H.  S.  will  be  answered 
next  week.  Will  our  correspondent  C.  S., 
who  sent  ns  a  communication  last  week 
send  us  his  address. 


On    File. — Communication  from  ' 
ile,"  and  one  from  "  W.  C.  " 


Ex- 


The   State    Geological  Survey— No.  3. 

In  our  last  issue  we  gave  some  account 
of  the  general  character  and  plan  of  the 
much  needed  map  of  Central  California, 
and  the  progress  made  by  the  survey 
towards  its  completion. 

During  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1870, 
while  Messrs.  Hoffman,  Craven  and  Good- 
year were  employed  upon  the  general  to- 
pographical and  geological  work  demanded 
for  the  construction  of  this  map,  Messrs. 
Amos  Bowman  and  W.  H.  Petee  were  en- 
gaged in  a  very  different  department  of 
the  work,  and  one  which  possesses  a  pe- 
culiar interest  for  the  people  of  the  min- 
ing regions.  This  was  a  careful,  detailed 
and  systematic  study  of 

The  Ancient  Auriferous  Gravel  Deposits, 
Which  form  our  hydraulic  and  deep  tunnel 
mines,  together  with  sueh  investigations 
as  time  and  means  would  permit  of  the 
auriferous  quartz  veins,  and  the  more  de- 
tailed geology  of  the  bed-rocks  and  the 
volcanic  formations  of  the  Sierras.  In  the 
course  of  the  season,  these  gentlemen 
thus  completed  a  minute  investigation  and 
careful  survey  of  the  region  between  the 
North  Fork  of  the  American  and  the  Yuba 
rivers. 

The  expense  of  all  this  field  work  com- 
bined with  the  costs  of  office  work,  and  of 
printing  and  engraving,  which  during  that 
year  were  also  large,  ran  considerably  in  ex- 
cess of  the  regular  $2,000  per  month  allotted 
to  the  survey.  Hence  it  became  necessary 
to  largely  curtail  the  field-work  during  the 
subsequent  year  of  1871.  Nevertheless, 
Mr.  Goodyear  after  finishing  up  his  notes 
of  the  work  of  1870,  and  making  a  full  in- 
vestigation and  report  upon  the  quicksil- 
ver mines  of  the  State,  again  took  the  field 
in  May,  1871,  in  order  to  continue  the  de- 
tailed survey  of  the  gravel  mines  in  the 
country  to  the  southeast  of  the  North 
Fork  of  the  American.  From  that  time 
until  the  7th  of  December,  1871,  he  has 
been  constantly  engaged  upon  this  work, 
and  has  extended  his  investigations  south- 
easterly as  far  as  the  Mokelumne  river. 
The  Character  and  Purpose  of  this  Work. 

The  objects  of  this  investigation  of  the 
auriferous  gravel  question  are,  first,  to 
ascertain  the  definite  location  and  the  ap- 
proximate extent  and  magnitude  of  the 
masses  of  auriferous  gravel,  and  to  acquire 
such  reliable  information  as  can  be  ob- 
tained respecting  their  past  and  present 
yield,  as  furnishing  the  only  data  from 
which  we  can  form  any  trustworthy  esti- 
mates of  what  they  may  be  expected  to 
yield  in  the  future.  Second,  to  lay  down 
the  gravel  upon  the  map,  on  a  scale  of  two 
miles  to  one  inch,  and  thus  exhibit  clearly 
to  the  eye  its  situation  and  extent,  show- 
ing by  different  colors  the  localities  where 
its  surface  is  uncovered  and  where  the 
mass  can  be  worked  by  hydraulic,  and  the 
localities  where  it  is  deeply  buried  beneath 
heavy  masses  of  volcanic  matter,  and  can 
only  be  worked  by  tunnelling  and  drift- 
ing. Third,  to  determine  its  exact  geo- 
logical age,  i.  e.,  when,  and  at  what  period 
it  was,  in  the  history  of  the  formation  of 
the  mountains  and  valleys  of  California, 
that  this  gravel  was  accumulated  and  laid 
down,  what  trees  then  grew,  and  what 
curious  animals  then  lived  in  the  country. 
Fourth,  to  settle,  if  possible  (and  pos- 
sible it  is) ,  the  much  vexed  questions  of 
where  this  gravel  came  from,  how  and  by 
what  means  it  has  been  spread  so  far  and 
wide  over  the  country,  here  perched  upon 
the  topmost  crests  of  mountain  peaks  and 
ridges,  there  buried  a  hundred  fathoms 
deep,  here  but  a  single  foot,  and  there  a 
hundred  yards  in  thickness,  and  present- 
ing such  endless  variations,  in  fact,  sueh 
seemingly  chaotic  confusion  in  all  the  de- 
tails of  its  distribution  and  arrangement, 
as  to  have  baffled  with  its  riddles,  not 
simply  the  miner,  but  the  scientific  world 
as  well,   for  twenty  years;  how  all   these 


things  were  accomplished,  whence  came 
the  gold  that  this  gravel  contains,  and  how 
was  it  concentrated  there.  And  lastly, 
why  did  this  gravel  cease  to  accumulate, 
and  what  are  the  wondrous  changes  that 
have  since  been  wrought  in  the  whole  face 
of  the  country,  and  what  were  the  causes 
and  the  modus  operandi  of  those  changes  ? 

These  are  the  objects  which  this  survey 
of  the  gravel  is  meant  to  accomplish,  and 
these  are  the  questions  which  it  is  expected 
to  answer.  The  work  is  not  an  easy  one. 
Only  those  who  are  acquainted  with  the 
deep  gravel  mines  can  understand  the  com- 
plexity of  the  puzzle  they  present,  and 
those  who  are  most  familiar  with  them  can 
best  appreciate  the  difficulties  of  the  prob- 
lem. It  has  never  yet  been  satisfactorily 
solved.  The  miner  has  worked  and  studied 
these  mines  for  twenty  years. 

For  20  years  California  has  been  visited 
from  time  to  time  by  leading  scientific 
men  from  almost  all  parts  of  the  civilized 
world,  who  have  come,  and  looked  at  the 
gravel  and  gone  away  and  theorized 
upon  it.  And  almost  every  agency,  that 
is  capable  of  moving  rocks,  from  salt  wa- 
ter oceans  to  enormous  fields  of  ice,  has 
been  called  in,  to  account  for  the  presence 
and  distribution  of  the  gravel.  Yet  this 
one  problem  has  defied  them  all.  It  well 
illustrates,  therefore,  the  value  of  two  years 
of  earnest  systematic  work  devoted  to  a  defi- 
nite purpose  by  trained  and  skillful  hands  as 
compared  with  20  years  of  cursory  flying 
trips  by  even  the  ablest  men,  when  it  is 
added  that  this  two  years'  work  of  the  survey 
has  in  all  probability  furnished  the  means 
at  last  for  the  true  solution  of  this  com- 
plex problem.  We  do  not  wish  to  be  un- 
derstood as  saying  that  the  survey  has  suc- 
ceeded in  unraveling  all  the  intricate  de- 
tails ot  this  problem.  This  was  not  to  be 
expected.  It  will  yet  take  many  years  of 
careful  and  laborious  investigation  to  ac- 
complish this,  if  indeed  it  can  ever  bo  done. 
But  we  believe  that  this  two  years'  work 
has  furnished  the  key  by  which  alone  the 
mystery  can  be  solved;  the  means  of  de- 
veloping the  only  general  theory  which 
can  by  any  possibility  account  for  all  the 
complex  phenomena.  Andj  this  is  more 
than  20  years  had  previously  effected. 
Conclusion. 

The  practical  value  of  this  map  of  the 
gravel  when  completed  will  be  readily  un- 
derstood by  all.  The  value  of  the  mass  of 
detailed  information  which  has  been  gath- 
ered respecting  not  simply  the  gravel 
mines,  but  also  the  quartz  veins,  the  mar- 
ble, the  slate,  the  granite,  and  the  whole 
geology  of  that  portion  of  the  country, 
when  revised  and  presented  in  clear  and 
intelligible  shape  to  the  people,  as  it  can 
be  in  a  little  while  if  the  means  are  fur- 
nished, will  be  even  greater  still. 

We  have  by  no  means  exhausted  this 
subject,  and  we  may  refer  to  it  again  here- 
after. But  we  think  that  enough  has 
already  been  said  to  show  that  aside  from 
all  the  purely  scientific  portion  of  the 
work,  there  is  much  of  the  deepest  practi- 
cal value,  and  of  no  little  importance  to 
the  people  at  large  in  the  State  Geological 
Survey  of  California.  It  is  not  simply  in 
the  hands  of  competent  and  able  men,  but 
of  earnest  and  practical  workers  too.  In- 
complete as  it  is,  it  has  already  saved  far 
more  to  the  people  of  this  State  than  it  has 
ever  cost  them,  and  its  value  when  once 
completed  will  not  only  be  great  and  last- 
ing, but  will  be  felt  and  acknowledged  by 
all. 

We  do  not  ask  in  conclusion,  therefore, 
whether  the  Legislature  are  willing  to  in- 
cur the  odium  of  the  scientific  world,  as 
they  would  surely  do  by  the  stoppage  of 
this  work  now;  but  we  do  ask  in  all  earn- 
estness whether  the  people  of  California 
can  afford,  in  a  practical  and  pecuniary 
sense,  to  have  this  great  work  stopped  to- 
day, and  all  the  material  so  nearly  ready 
for  publication,  thrown  away  ? 


Hints  to  Miners— No.  7. 

Formation  of  Deep  Placers— Concluded. 

Some  of  these  descriptions  and  sugges- 
tions may  appear  trivial  to  persons  not  prao- 
tically  acquainted  with  gold  mining,  or  who 
have  Dever  turned  their  attention  to  geolog- 
ical investigations,  but  they  are  connected 
with  problems  which  mining  managers 
have  often  to  solve,  or  fail  in  the  work 
they  have  in  hand;  and  geologists  find  in 
these  subjects  as  many  interesting  and  dif- 
ficult questions  as  in  any  branch  of  science . 
"  Smyth's  Gold  Fields  of  Victoria,"  from 
which  this  article  is  condensed,  as  before 
mentioned,  is  a  work  which  should  be  bet- 
ter known  than  it  is,  being  one  that  con- 
tains a  large  amount  of  valuable  informa- 
tion. 

Some  of  the  agencies  supposed  to  have 
been  busy  in  effecting  the  change  of  posi- 
tion of  a  main  drainage  course  have  al- 
ready been  mentioned,  but  there  is  another 
Fig.  9. 


which  should  attract  some  attention, 
namely,  the  tendency  of  hills  to  wear  away 
more  rapidly  in  proportion  to  the  greater 
inclination  of  their  sides,  by  the  increased 
scour  of  the  drainage  water  upon  the 
steeper  slopes,  and  this  action  would  be 
probably  accelerated  where  these  slopes 
are  most  exposed  to  the  prevailing  wet 
winds.  Well,  supposing  the  several  agen- 
cies named  to  have  been  in  active  opera- 
tion upon  a  valley,  and  the  valley  to  have 
deepened  and  changed  its  direction  to  the 
eastward,  the  section  and  plan  in  Figs.  9 
Fig.   10. 


and  10  would  probably  represent  the  ef- 
fect of  the  alteration.  In  Fig.  9,  A  repre- 
sents the  old  hill;  6,  old  valley;  c,  old  hill; 
d,  new  valley,  and  e,  the  existing  water- 
course. The  newer  valley  would  occupy 
a  different  position  and  the  course  of  the 
old  valley  would  be  found  to  cross  the 
summits  of  the  newly-formed  hill  spurs. 
This  and  other  irregularities  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  alluvial  deposits  may  be  rea- 
sonably set  down  to  some  of  the  causes  al- 
ready explained. 

A  brief  recapitulation  of  some  of  the 
principal  causes  that  seem  to  have  been  in 
operation  in  effecting  the  great  changes  of 
position  of  many  of  the  valleys  is  as  fol- 
lows; 

1.  The  greater  disintegration  of  rocks 
that  are  more  argillaceous  in  their  com- 
position than  others  in  the  same  water- 
shed area. 

2.  The  tendency  of  rocks  to  wear  chiefly 
in  the  direction  of  the  dip  of  the  strata, 
through  a  more  direct  and  penetrating  in- 
fluence of  rains,  frost  and  heat,  upon  the 
edges  that  are  most  exposed. 

3.  The  more  rapid  disintegration  of 
those  hills  that  have  the  steepest  incline, 
owing  to  the  rapidity  of  the  drainage,  and 
the  increased  scouring  action  of  the  rains 
upon  their  slopes. 

4.  The  diversion  of  the  drainage  from 
one  valley  to  another  of  less  elevation,  by 
the  erosion  of  a  channel  through  the  di- 
viding ridge  lying  between  them. 

5.  The    scouring    action     of    drainage 


January  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS: 


41 


waters  from  tributary  gullies  in  a  lateral 
direction  across  main  valleys. 

Much  has  been  said  and  written  respect- 
ing the  position  in  which  gold  is  found  in 
the  drifts.  In  some  strata  it  is  distributed 
throughout  from  the  snrface  to  the  bed- 
rock— in  other  places  it  is  seldom  found  in 
appreciable  quantities  except  in  the  thin 
layer  of  quartz  pebbles  and  drift  imme- 
diately overlying  the  bed-rock.  In  many 
parts  false  bottoms  occur;  strata  of  clay 
and  sand  and  drift  are  sunk  through,  for 
15  or  20  feot,  to  the  auriferous  drift,  which 
is  taken  out  and  washed.  A  miner  per- 
haps ignorant  of  the  usual  mode  of  occur- 
ence of  gold  in  tho  lead  whore  there  is  this 
arrangement  of  strata — breaks  through  the 
false  bottom,  and  sinks  a  shaft  down  to 
the  true  bed-rock  and  finds  there  another 
auriferous  layor. 

How  does  it  happen  that  the  gold  inva- 
riably finds  it  way  to  some  stratum  imper- 
meable to  the  surface  waters  ?  That,  as  a 
rule,  it  lies  on  tho  bed-rock?  We, know 
that  snrface  water— rain  water  is  rapidly 
absorbed  by  the  thin'drifts  overlying  the 
bed-rock;  that  by  this  reason  of  the  litho- 
logical  character  of  the  underlying  rocks 
a  covering  of  clay  is  soon  formed  on  them 
that,  in  fact,  they  puddle  themselves ;  and 
that  the  water  derived  from  the  surface 
finds  its  way  along  the  course  of  the  bed 
and  through  the  drift,  very  much  in  the 
same  way  as  it  does  in  a  running  creek. 
Whatever  influence,  therefore,  the  surface 
waters  in  the  drifts  may  have  in  determin- 
ing the  position  of  the  particles  of  gold,  it 
is  certain  that  it  does  not  continue  to  any 
appreciable  depth  in  the  bed-rock,  aDd 
must  cease  as  soon  as  an  impermeable  stra- 
tum is  reached. 

A  Line  of  Steamers  for  the  Trans- 
mission of  Ores  to  Europe. 

Mr.  John  Boyle,  of  England,  is  about 
starting  a  line  of  steamers  to  run  between 
New  York  City  and  Cardiff,  Wales,  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  the  refractory  ores  of 
this  State  to  that  country  for  reduction. 
The  Virginia  Enterprise  of  Dec.  30,  has  made 
an  extract  from  a  letter  to  Mr.  Louis  Janin 
from  Mr.  Boyle  in  relation  to  the  new  en- 
terprise. It  will,  perhaps,  interest  the 
miners  of  Eastern  Nevada,  where  most  of 
the  smelting  ores  are  produced:  "The  ob- 
ject of  my  visit  to  America  is  the  establish- 
ment of  a  line  of  steamers  between  New 
York  and  the  South  Wales  ports  in  the 
Bristol  Channel.  Cardiff  is  the  port  to 
which  the  vessels  will  sail,  it  being  the 
only  one  in  that  part  of  the  country  at 
present  capable  of  admitting  first  class 
steamers  of  the  size  we  are  building. 
However,  we  intend  to  carry  from  America 
at  the  same  rate  of  freight  to  all  the  Bris- 
tol Channel  ports,  so  that  this  line  of 
steamships  may  be  said  to  be  a  direct  line 
from  New  York  to  Swansea,  among  other 
ports.  The  consignments  brought  to  Car- 
diff for  Swansea  are  to  bo  immediately 
transhipped  into  our  own  coasting  steam- 
ers and  forwarded  thither  without  further 
cost.  I  believe  this  fact  will  interest  all 
engaged  in  the  shipment  of  ores  to  Swan- 
sea, or  England  generally,  and  who  have 
hitherto  been  sending  them  to  Liverpool. 
This  will  no  longer  be  necessary  or  expe- 
dient; and  inasmuch  as  they  are  now  be- 
ginning to  smelt  copper  and  silver  ores  at 
Cardiff,  it  seems  likely  tt  at  the  course  will 
come  to  be  to  consign  direct  to  Swansea  or 
Cardiff,  the  ores  which  are  now  sent  to 
London,  and  thence  round  by  sailing  ves- 
sels to  Swansea. 

It  is  evident  that  the  saving  of  this  last 
item  of  cost,  namely,  the  freight,  12s.  9d. 
from  Liverpool  to  Swansea,  will  add  con- 
siderably to  the  value  of  the  ores,  and  tend 
to  benefit  those  engaged  in  this  business.  I 
think  if  the  American  railways  can  be  in- 
duced, in  their  own  interests,  to  reduce 
their  rate  to  a  proper  figure,  the  refractory 
ores  may  be  taken  profitably  to  Europe, 
and  thus  a  new  branch  of  mining  operation 
and  adventure  be  happily  inaugurated. 
And  in  this,  my  line  of  steamers  will  be 
a  valuable  contributory  part.  In  this 
view  I  am  in  communication,  or  shall  be 
shortly,  with  that  section  of  the  railroads 
whose  action  at  present  is  the  greatest-ob- 
stacle to  the  transmission  of  ores." 


Knowles'  Patent  Steam  Pump. 

We  give,  herewith,  a  representation  of  an 
old  and  well-tried  portable  strum  pump — com- 
pact, effective  and  durable,  and  at  the  same 
time  a  very  simple  machine  for  forcing  witter 
from  springs  or  wells  to  hotels,  private  rcsi- 
dead  B,  railway  stations,  etc:  It  is  also  spe- 
cially adapted  to  irrigation  purposes,  raising 
water  for  stock,  or  for  any  other  purpose  for 
which  water  is  required  to  be  raised  to  a  great 
hight.  Several  of  these  machines  have  already 
been  sold  in  this  State  for  irrigation  purposes 

Tho  machine  is  portable,  calculated  to  be 
placed  at  or  near  the  point  from  which  water  is 
to  be  taken,  and  force  it  to  any  distance  that 
may  be  required. 

Its  simplicity  is  such  that  very  little  skill  is 
required  to  operate  it;  it  has  no  cranks,  fly- 


mitteo  of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practi- 
cal machinists  on  this  coast ,  it  was  awarded  the 
;n-i  premium  over  all  competitors — the  com- 
mittee reporting  that  it  lost  but  11%  per  oi  ut.; 
while  some  puiups  which  wero  tested  lost  as 
high  as  40  per  cent. 

It  also  received  a  diploma  and  medal  at  the 
last  State  Fair  at  Sacramento,  which  evidences 
of  ne  rit  may  be  seen  at  tho  company's  offices  in 

tins  city. 

lie  Central  Pacific  Railroad  has  19  of  these 
pumps  in  use  along  the  line  of  the  road  for  tire 
engines  and  for  pumping  water  for  shop  and 
Btatiorj  um'. 

A.  L.  Fish,  at  No.  9  First  street,  is  the  agent 
for  their  sale  in  this  citv. 


California  Brandies. 

The  IFi'/ie  Dealers'  Gazelle  for  January, 
commenting  on  the  values  and  qualities  of 
California  Brandies,  undoubtedly  compar- 
ing them  with  those  of  other  countries,  ar- 


KNOWLES'    PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 


Academy  of  Sciences. — A  meeting  of 
the  Academy  of  Sciences  was  held  on 
Monday  evening  last,  but  no  business  of 
general  interest  was  transacted. 


wheel  or  dead-points,  and  is  always  ready  to 
start  as  soon  as  steam  is  turned  on. 

It  is  made  in  regular  sizes,  so  that  all  parts 
of  any  one  machine  of  a  given  size  will  fit  in 
its  place  in  any  other  machine  of  the  same 
size;  thus  in  case  of  wear  or  accidental  break- 
age, an  order  to  the  agent  in  this  city  by 
mail  or  telegraph  can  be  promptly  filled  with- 
out the  necessity  of  visit  in  person  or  the  as- 
sistance of  a  machinist  to  adjust  the  broken 
part. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Company  are  at  92 
and  94  Liberty  street,  New  York.  One  of  the 
proprietors  of  this  paper  recently  visited  the 
warehouse  in  that  city,  and  had  the  pleasure 
of  a  personal  inspection  of  the  extensive  busi- 
ness done  by  the  firm  in  this  line,  and  of  the 
admirable  order  and  system  with  which  every- 
thing is  accomplished.  The  company  is  said 
to  have  one  of  the  largest  stocks  of  pumps  in 
the  country — embracing  all  sizes,  and  calculat- 
ed for  every  conceivable  character  of  work. 

The  pump  herewith  shown  took  the  highest 
premium  at  the  two  great  Mechanics'  Fairs  in 
the  country  in  1869-the  Massachusetts  Fair  at 
Boston  and  the  American  Fair  at  New  York . 

The  pump  was  also  exhibited  at  the  late  Fair 
of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  in  this  city, 
where,  after  a  trial  of  steam  pumps,  by  a  Com- 


rives  at  a  favorable  conclusion  in  relation 
thereto,  and  adding  a  cheering  word  for 
the  producers  ;  it  says  :  A  few  of  them  un- 
derstand their  business  well,  and  make  an 
article  of  brandy  that  will  command  a  sure 
and  profitable  market  after  they  shall  have 
had  time  to  gain  the  reputation  which 
they  deserve.  Many  circumstances  give 
our  State  peculiar  advantages  for  the  pro- 
duction of  brandy,  and  our  people  will  not 
neglect  a  resource  so  important.  When  a 
more  liberal  policy  has  lightened  the  bur- 
dens and  vexations  now  imposed  on  the 
distillers,  when  experience  and  study  have 
improved  their  skill,  and  wealth  and  re- 
duced interest  enable  them  to  ripen  their 
brandy  before  selling,  will  drive  the  best 
French  cognacs  from  the  markets  of  the 
Western  world. 


The  Oveeland  Tea  Tkaffic— In  1870  only 
1,700,000  pounds  of  tea  passed  over  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Eailroad;  while  15,000,000  pounds 
passed  over  that  road  during  the   year    just 

closed. 

* — »    ^    i  ■ 

Soap. — The  soap  trade  is  improving,  in  view 

of  the  prospect  of  an  early  advance  in  the  article 

on  account  of  the  recent  advance  in  sodas  and 

high  price  of  rosins. 


Quartz  in  Granite. 

A  good  many  practical  miners  are  pre- 
judiced against  quartz  ledges  that  are 
found  in  granite  and  pronounce  always  in 
favor  of  those  located  in  slate  formation. 
They  say  that  their  general  experience  is 
that  although  many  rich  ;  ledges  exist  in 
granite  formation,  that  they  are  apt  to 
pinch  out  and  become  poor  as  the  depth 
increases.  This  prejudice  has  discouraged 
many  owners  of  ledges  from  fully  devel- 
oping their  properties,  and  generally  as 
soon  as  they  showed  signs  of  decrease  in 
width,  as  all  ledges  do  in  places,  the 
mines  would  be  abandoned. 

As  a  practical  illustration  of  the  fallacy 
of  this  prejudice,  as  a  general  conclusion, 
the  Grass  Valley  Republican  cites  the  in- 
stance of  the  [Pennsylvania  Mine  which 
paid  well  at  the  surface,  but  began  to 
lessen  in  yield  as  it  went  down.  Old 
practical  miners  at  work  in  the  mine  shook 
their  heads  when  questioned  about  the 
Pennsylvania,  and  said  it  was  "petering 
out"  like  all  mines  in  granite.  The  mine 
was  considered  by 'thorough  practical  men, 
who  had  worked  in  it  for  years,  as  prop- 
erty that  would  never  pay  for  working. 
But,  there  were  a  few  men  acquainted 
with  it  that  believed  that  by  woking  100 
or  200  feet  deeper  through  the  "horse"  or 
barren  quartz,  better  ore  could  be  reached. 
Mr.  Harry  Helm  after  spending  about 
$10,000  in  sinking  and  putting  his  incline 
down  to  a  depth  of  nearly  500  feet  from 
the  surface  struck  one  of  the  best  paying 
ledges  in  Nevada  County.  The  levels 
run  since  Mr.  Helm  sold  out  ^disclose  a 
continuous  lead  with  as  perfect  wall  rock 
as  was  ever  seen  in  a  quartz  mine.  The 
rock  pays  with  great  evenness,  and  yields 
from  $40  to  $50  per  ton. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Nevada  City  the  mines 
are  mostly  in  granite,  and  many  of  them 
paid  largely  for  the  first  hundred  feet 
from  the  surface,  but  when  much  deeper 
than  that  would  either  pinch  out  or  the 
ore  would  decrease  in  value.  The  devel- 
opments in  the  Pennsylvania  go  to  dis- 
prove the  generally  preconceived  theory 
that  "granite  ledges"  do  not  carry  gold  to 
any  great  depth,  and  the  Republican  sug- 
gests that  some  of  the  other  mine-owners 
follow  the  example  set  them  and  sink 
deeper  on  their  mines  instead  of  giving 
them  up. 

Whelpley  &  Storer's  Pulverizer. 

We  recently  visited  the  Mechanics'  Mill 
Building,  corner  of  Fremont  and  Mission 
Sts.  to  witness  the  operation  of  the  Whelp- 
ley &  Storer  Pulverizer.  This  Pulverizer 
is  constructed  solely  for  the  reduction  of 
sand  or  gravel  to  dust  and  cannot  be  used 
as  a  crusher.  It  consists  of  a  series  of  pad- 
dles which  revolve  in  an  iron  drum  or  cyl- 
inder and  generating  vortices  of  air  which 
reduce  the  gravel  and  sand  into  dust  by 
the  mutual  attrition  of  the  particles.  A 
suitable  feeding  device  is  provided, 
and  by  means  of  a  fan  blower  the  dust  is 
carried  to  a  receiving  chamber  as  fast  as 
produced.  We  believe  that  this  is  the  first 
time  this  machine  has  been  put  into  actual 
operation  on  this  coast  although  it  has 
been  long  used  successfully  in  the  Eastern 
Stales  for  pulverizing  ores,  manganese, 
bone,  plaster,  paint  stuffs,  shellac,  grains, 
etc.  A  breaker  is  used  in  conjunction  with 
the  pulverizer  so  that  all  the  materials 
shall  be  less  than  three-fourths  of  an  inch, 
when  fed  into  the  pulverizer.  The  ma- 
chine has  been  successfully  employed  to 
pulverize  coal  and  feed  it  to  the  furnaces 
of  steam  boilers,  with.it  is  said,  a  saving  of 
about  thirty  per  cent,  of  the  fuel.  The 
small  machine  now  here  is  intended  for 
this  purpose,  but  a  larger  one  for  quartz 
pulverizing  will  soon  be  set  up,  when  our 
millmen  can  inspect  it.  We  hope  in  a  fu- 
ture issue  to  illustrate  the  machine  when 
we  shall  give  a  more  extended  notice  of  its 
working. 


42 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  20,  1872. 


MOMESTIC 

too 


CONOMY. 


Cooking  and  Architecture. 

Perhaps  one  of  the  greatest  treats  that  a 
cook  could  enjoy  is  to  be  served  with  a  din- 
ner cooked  by  some  one  else.  The  reason 
of  this  is  that  the  constant  smell  of  cooking 
nauseates  the  stomach,  making  it,  by  the 
sympathetic  action  of  the  several  nerves  of 
the  system,  disinclined  to  receive  what  it 
has  so  long  anticipated  through  the  action 
of  the  senses.  In  some  instances  the  smell 
of  dinner  will  be  perceivable  in  other  parts 
of  the  house  to  a  greater  extent  than  in  the 
kitchen.  To  a  delicate  person  this  is  suffi- 
cient entirely  to  destroy  the  appetite,  and 
it  is  due  solely  to  defective  construction. 

The  cook  is  too  often  blamed  when  the 
architect  is  in  error;  and,  while  few  know 
where  to  assign  the  fault,  fewer  still  know 
how  to  remedy  it;  but  it  may  be  taken  for 
granted  that  the  evil  will  not  disappear 
from  amongst  us  until  the  art  of  house 
construction  is  based  upon  a  more  scien- 
tific principle  than  it  has  hitherto  attained. 
Art  and  decoration  and  the  convenient 
arrangement  of  accommodation  occupy  in 
the  present  day  far  too  much  of  the  consid- 
eration of  the  architect;  whilst  sanitary  ar- 
rangements are  neglected,  and  the  health- 
fulness  of  buildings  suffers  in  consequence. 

In  order  to  arrive  at  a  true  appreciation 
of  the  causes  that  lead  to  the  kitchen  being 
a  nuisance  in  the  house,  instead  of,  as  it 
should  be,  the  means  of  imparting  pleas- 
ure and  comfort,  we  must  consider  first 
what  is  a  smell  and  how  it  is  conveyed.  A 
smell,  then — and  here  we  are  referring,  it 
will  be  understood,  to  a  smell  that  ought 
not  to  exist — is  matter  in  a  wrong  place, 
and  consequently  it  is  dirt;  and  not  only 
is  the  smell  of  cooking  when  it  pervades  a 
house,  dirt,  in  a  scientific  sense,  but  it  is  so, 
absolutely. 

The  smells  arising  from  cooking,  consist 
of  minute  particles  given  out  from  food  of 
all  kinds,  owing  to  the  partial  decomposi- 
tion which  takes  place  during  the  applica- 
tion of  heat  and  which  are  carried  off  and 
mixed  with  the  surrounding  air  by  steam 
or  other  vapors  arising  therefrom.  With 
a  properly  constructed  kitchen  range  and 
flue,  these  will  all  be  conveyed  up  the 
chimney,  and  carried  away  from  the  house. 
In  such  a  case  they  are  harmless  and  be- 
come immediately,  so  to  say,  deodorized  by 
admixture  with  a  preponderating  amount 
of  atmospheric  air. 

When,  however,  they  are  permitted  to 
escape  into  the  house,  they  do  not  meet 
with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  air  to  render 
them  inocuous;  and,  upon  condensation 
of  the  vapors  by  which  they  are  conveyed, 
they  will  settle  upon  the  interior  walls  and 
gradually  cover  them  with  a  coating  of 
grease  and  vegetable  matter.  These,  if 
not  constantly  removed,  will  accumulate, 
and  in  time  decompose,  giving  off  still 
more  objectionable  and  unhealthy  smells, 
but  which  are  not  so  noticeable  in  conse- 
quence of  the  more  powerful  odors  arising 
from  a  continuance  of  that  evil  from  which 
they  fitst  had  their  origin. 

It  will  repeatedly  be  found  that  the 
smell  of  cooking  is  strong  in  other  parts  of 
the  house  and  especially  upon  the  floor 
immediately  above  the  kitchen,  whilst  the 
kitchen  itself  is  apparently  free — or  almost 
so — from  the  inconvenience;  and  the  reason 
of  this  is,  upon  a  little  consideration,  made 
perfectly  clear  and  intelligible. — Food 
Journal. 

Powders,  Perfumes  and  Flavoring. 

A  charming  recipe  for  scent  powder  to 
be  used  for  wardrobes,  boxes,  etc.,  far  finer 
than  the  mixtures  sold  at  shops,  is  the  fol- 
lowing: Coriander,  orris  root,  rose  leaves 
and  aromatic  calamus,  each  one  ounce; 
lavender  flowers,  two  ounces;  rhodium 
wood,  one  fourth  of  a  dram;  musk,  five 
grains.  These  are  reduced  to  a  coarse 
powder.  The  scent  on  the  clothes  is  as  if 
all  fragrant  flowers  had  been  pressed  in 
their  folds. 

A  perfume  for  note  paper  said  to  be  that 
used  by  the  Queen  of  England  is  made  of 
powdered  starch,  one  half  ounce;  ottar 
roses,  ten  drops.  Put  this  in  bags  and 
keep  in  the  desk  with  paper. 

All  delicate  flavors  may  be  improvised 
by  keeping  the  delicate  substance  in  deo- 
dorized alcohol.  How  deodorized  ?  filter- 
ing through  animal  charcoal  or  bone  black 
in  powder,  the  black  may  be  used  many 
times  over;  a  thick  flannel  bag  with  wire 
on  the  top  will  answer  for  a  filter.  Pill 
it  with  the  black  dust  and  pour  the  alcohol 
in  it,  leaving  it  to  settle  through.  Have 
wide  mouth  bottles  with  glass  stoppers 
ready,  and  fill  with  alcohol;  then  fill  with 
powdered     lemon     peel,     peach    leaves, 


almonds,  slices  of  pineapple,  raspberries 
or  fresh  cherries,  and  she  will  have  a  finer 
assortment  of  flavors  than  any  manufac- 
turer will  furnish  her.  If  she  wishes, 
however,  flavors  which  are  out  of  reach,  it 
is  best  to  use  compounds  of  which  she  is 
not  ignorant. 

Banana  may  be  imitated  with  oil  of  jas- 
mine and  a  very  little  tartaric  acid. 

Strawberries  with  a  strong  tincture  of 
orris  and  a  very  little  acetic  ether — one 
ounce  of  the  tincture  and  one  eighth  of 
ether. 

Strong  tincture  of  orris  root  resembles 
raspberry. 

Pineapple  is  made  of  butyric  ether,  the 
acid  itself  coming  from  the  transformation 
of  rancid  butter  by  a  chemical  process. 

Very  little  of  these  preparations  is  need- 
ed to  give  the  desired  flavor. 

Pour  ounces  of  the  tinctures  mentioned 
will  supply  flavor  enough  for  constant  use 
during  an  entire  summer. — Harper's  Ba- 
zaar. 

Cooking  Ham. — The  late  Gen.  Winfield 
Scott,  an  acknowledged  authority  in  the 
culinary  art,  was  of  opinion  that  few  cooks 
knew  how  to  cook  a  ham,  because  they  did 
not  boil  it  until  soft  enough  to  be  eaten 
with  a  spoon  !  A  great  artist  once  told  the 
writer  never  to  serve  a  ham  under  one  year 
old;  it  was  then  to  be  soaked  all  night  in 
soft  water,  and,  if  possible,  running  water; 
it  was  then  to  be  put  on  the  fire  in  a  large 
pot  of  cold  water,  and  slowly  boiled  at  least 
twenty  minutes  for  ever  pound  it  might 
weigh;  and  as  for  skinning  a  ham,  he  held 
it  to  be  an  outrage,  a  sacrifice  to  mere  ap- 
pearance, which  no  sensible  man  should 
be  guilty  of.  If  your  ham  is  to  be  served 
cold,  as  is  always  done  in  Europe,  it  should 
be  souzed  in  snow  or  ice-water  immedi- 
ately after  coming  from  the  pot,  because 
the  sudden  cold  arrests  the  flow  and  escape 
of  the  juices. 

Cooking  Steak. — A  lady  correspondent 
of  the  Ohio  Farmer,  who  knows,  advises — 
First,  get  tender  steak;  no  matter  what 
part  it  is  from,  so  it  is  tender;  let  it  be 
three  fourths  of  an  inch  thick.  Cook  it  at 
the  last  moment,  when  every  other  dish  is 
ready  to  be  set  on  the  table.  Use  a  wire 
broiler  if  you  can  get  one.  Have  a  hot 
fire  and  when  it  is  crisped  on  one  side, 
turn  it  over  and  crisp  it  on  the  other.  If 
fat  drops  and  blazes,  throw  a  pinch  of  salt 
on  the  coals.  Don't  do  anything  else  while 
it  is  cooking.  Have  your  plate  hot  and  a 
lump  of  butter  melting  in  the  bottom. 
Put  butter  on  the  upper  sides  and  eat  it  in 
five  minutes  after  cooking.  More  steak  is 
spoiled  by  slow  cooking  than  by  any  other 
fault. 


TJBDE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOVE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smote,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

WILLIAM    FRIEL,    manufacturer,!} 

No.  09  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.    Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.    County  Eights  for  sale 

10v23-Cm 


Mechanical  Hints. 


A  New  Zinc  Paint. — M.  Artus,  connect- 
ed with  the  Belgian  Zinc  Company,  has 
prepared  a  zinc  white,  made  up  with  sili- 
cate of  potassa  or  soda  and  used  to  paint 
zinc  and  other  objects.  The  cement  is 
something  in  the  nature  of  a  cement  or  ar- 
tificial stone,  and  will  withstand  the  action 
of  the  air,  sun  and  water.  It  can  be  em- 
ployed to  advantage  on  metal  roofing,  also 
on  plaster,  brick  and  wood.  Its  chief  value 
will  be  in  rendering  wood,  paper  and  tis- 
sues uninflammable,  and  for  this  purpose 
ought  to  be  generally  known.  The  value 
of  the  mixture  for  cements  will  also  attract 
attention  to  it,  and  we  shall  probably  hear 
of  its  extensive  use  as  a  constituent  of  ar- 
tificial stone.  The  heat  of  rooms  under 
roofs  painted  with  this  mixture  was  found 
to  be  10  degrees  less  lhan  under  the  paint- 
ed metal. 


Salt  Watek  in  Steam  Boileks.' — Engi- 
neers using  salt  water  in  their  boilers 
should  be  provided  with  a  Salinomeler, 
having  four  made  points  measured  on  the 
scale,  one  for  fresh  water,  one  for  sea  water 
(water  containing  1.32  of  salt)  one  for 
water  containing  2.32  of  salt  and  one  for  wa- 
ter containing  3.32  of  salt.  When  the  spe- 
cific gravity  has  increased  from  the  mark 
1.32  to  2.32,  it  is  a  proof  that  the  propor- 
tionate quantities  of  salt  and  water  is  such 
that  the  amount  of  salt  is  double  that  of 
sea  water.  This  is  considered  the  limit; 
and  when  this  point  is  passed,  it  is  time  to 
blow  off  water.  As  a  saturated  solution  of 
salt  in  water  contains  37  per  cent,  of  salt, 
or  about  one- third,  it  is  clear  that  engineers 
blow  off  long  before  the  point  of  saturation 
has  been  reached. 


Papek  Box  Manufactuee. — There  were 
in  1840  but  five  paper-box  manufactories 
in  this  country,  with  an  aggregate  busi- 
ness of  $20,000  per  annum.  Single  estab- 
lishments now  turn  out  millions  of  dollars' 
worth  of  goods  annually,  and  it  is  said  that 
an  average  of  seventy-five  new  shops  are 
started  every  year. 


THE  BEST  PERIODICALS  OP  THE  DAY. 
THE    GBEAT 

ENGLISH    QUARTERLIES 

AND 

Blackwood's  Edinburgh  Magazine, 

BEPRIKTED   BY. 

The    Leonard    Scott   Publishing  Company, 

140  Pulton  Street,  New  York, 
At   about   one-third    tlie  price   of   the  originals. 

THE  EDINBURGH  REVIEW. 

THE  "WESTMINSTER  REVIEW, 

THE  LO\piJX  i,K  ARTERLY  REVIEW, 

THE  BRITISH  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 
Published  Quarterly— January,  April,  July,  October— 

AND 

BlackxcoooVs    Edinburgh    Magazine, 

(A  fac-simile  of  the  original) .    Published  Monthly. 

TERMS  OP  SUBSCRIPTION: 

For  any  one  Review $4  00  per  annum. 

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quarter  at  the  office  of  delivery. 

CliUBS. 

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four  or  more  persons.  Thus:  four  copies  of  Blackwood 
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four  copies  of  the  four  Reviews  and  Blackwood  for  $48, 
and  so  on. 

To  clubs  of  ten  or  mn're,  in  addition  to  the  above  dis- 
count, a  copy  gratis  will  be  allowed  to  the  getter-up  of 
the  club. 

PREMIUMS. 

New  subscribers  for  the  year  1872  may  have,  -without 
charge,  the  number  for  the  last  quarter  of  1871  of  such 
periodicals  as  they  may  subscribe  for. 

Or  instead  of  the  above,  new  subscribers  to  any  two, 
three,  or  four  of  the  above  periodicals,  may  have,  as 
premium,  one  of  the  '  Four  Reviews'  for  1871;  subscrib- 
ers to  all  five  may  have  two  of  the  '  Four  Reviews'  for 
1871,  Neither  premiums  to  subscribers  nor  discount  to 
clubs  can  be  allowed  unless  the  money  is  remitted  di- 
rect to  the  publishers.  No  premiums  can  be  given  to 
clubs. 

To  secure  premiums,  it  ■will  be  necessary  to  make 
early  application,  as  the  stock  available  for  that  purpose 
is  limited- 
Circulars  with  further  particulars  may  be  had  on  ap- 
plication. 

THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO., 

140  Fulton  street,  New  York. 
THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO.  also  publish 
THE    FARMER'S    GUIDE 

To  Scientific  and  Practical  Agriculture, 

By  Henhy  Stephens,  F.  R.  S„  Edinburgh,  and  the  late 
J.  P.  Norton,  Professor  of  Scientific  Agriculture  in 
Yale  College.  New  Haven. 

Two  vols.  Royal  Octavo.  1600  pages  and  numerous 
engravings.    Price,  $7;  by  mail,  post  paid,  $8.      3v24sa 


Mechanics'  Institute. 

Entrance  27  Post  Street  (bet.  Kearny  and'  Montgomery) , 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 

The  Library  of  Reference,  the  Library,  Reading  Room 
and  Chess  Room  are  open  from  8  a.m.  until  10  p.m.  every 
day,  (except  Sundays  and  Legal  Holidays) . 

The  Society  possesses  a  Library  of  18,000  volumes— 
the  most  valuable  technical  and  scientific  library  on  the 
Coast,  embracing  the  transactions  of  the  leading  Scien- 
tific Societies  of  the  United  States  and  Europe,  (among 
which  are  the  philosophical  transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Great  Britain,  complete),  and  the  standard, 
scientific  and  technical  works;  and  is  in  immediate  re- 
ceipt of  all  new  standards  publications. 

The  Reading  Room  is  supplied  with  the  current  peri- 
odicals and  newspapers  of  the  day. 

The  Mechanics'  Institute  is  open  to  all,  and  th- 
Trustees  will  be  pleased  to  have  visitors  and  others  ine 
spect  the  Rooms. 

Entrance  Fee,  $1,00.  Quarterly  Dues  (in  advance) 
$1.50.    Life  Membership,  $50. 


FARMERS  and  MBCHANIGS 

Are  especially  invited  to  call  and  see  a  Model  of  the 

Self-Opening     and     Self-CIosing     Gate, 

The  Simplest  and  Most  Practicable  now  in  use. 

— ALSO   THE — 

Verticle  and  Straight  Mould-Board  Plow, 

Which  is  Cheaper  of  Construction,  opens  its  furrow 
Wider  and  Cleaner,  and  with  20  per  cent. 

Less  Draft  than  ordinary  Plows 
of  the  same  cut. 

These  Plows  are  being  manufactured  TO  ORDER  by 
HILL  &  KNAUGH,  of  Marysville,  and  S.  CONRAD,  of 
Petaluma.    Rights  for  sale  by 

"WTESTEK  &  CO., 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPOETEES  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
513  >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

-We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

— AND— 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 

the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

"WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Ealances— L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  "Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick:  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifi- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  'or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers — 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware -  a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi- 
cally pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s, 
8£?"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  tor  computation  of  assays  in  Graius  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled* 

r  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  aB  Follows. 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  mnller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examinethese  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


GOLD-SAVING 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOB   MINERS   AND    MILL   MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Platingr'Works,  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  ol  every  description  Plated. 
Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  G.  DENNISTON,  Proprietor. 

2tv22-3m 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGAN'S  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30),  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HALLIDLE,  619  Front  street,  S.  F. 


THE    CALIFORNIA 
Safety  Gas  Lamp. 

This  New  Gas  Lamp  takes  the 
place  of  the  Candle,  the  Coal  Oil 
Lamp  and  Coal  Gas,  and  costs  only 
One-Half  Cent  per  Hour. 
Any  person  who  will  take  the 
trouble  to  examine  this  Lamp  care- 
fully, will  see  that  it  will  not  ex- 
plode. 

The  flame  is  as  white  and  brilliant 
as  coal  gas,  and  produces  neither 
Smoke  nor  Smell.    No  CIumney  is 
Required. 
It  makes  its  own  gas  as  fast  as  it  is  required,  and  when 
the  light  is  blown  out  the  gas  ceases  to  be  generated. 
One  Burner  is  Equal  to  Six  Candles. 
This  Lamp  burns  Refined  Petroleum,  Gasoline,  Dan- 
forth's  Oil  or  Taylor's  Safety  Fluid.     Oil  expressly  pre- 
pared for  the  Lamp  furnished  by  the  undersigned  in 
quantities  to  suit.  WIESTEE.  &  CO., 

17  New  Montgomery  street,  Grand  Hotel,  S.F. 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheum,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist- 
ance of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  mos- 
effective,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  60  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v23-3m 


January  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


43 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BROWNE, 

OiTl*'.*,  >  ".     I.~»    >Iuul  ic<»m«-i-.\     IEItM'l., 

Saj;  Fba!cci*co,  Cajl. 


Spectacles  My   Specialty. 


<|V 


0,  MULLER.  Optician. 
205  Montgomery  street,  Hub.  Block. 


JOHN   EOAOH,  Optician, 

Hat  ren.ov._-j  from    B23   Munlunruory  street  to 

54  O   Wttnlilnutfiu  •ir^rt, 

Kail  of  Montgomery. 

Surveying  ln-t  required  and  Adjusted 

17  3m 


E.  J.  FRASER,   M.  D., 


SURGEON. 


No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Farmers  and  Mechanics 
BANK    OF    SAVINGS, 

No.  »«.»  Hun.orne  Street. 

interest  paid  on  Deposit..    Money  Loaned  on  Real  Estate. 
II.  DUTTOX,  President. 

OEO.  M.  CON  DEE    Cashier.  19vl6-3ro 

N.    P.    LAHOLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL,    SA.WYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Filancisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St.,  bet.  First  ami  Second, 
JlvJitf  SaOBAUKtrrO. 


II.  BAKTLI.ll].  UKNRT   KIMBALL. 

BARTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDER!"!, 

Paper  Bulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

•AC.  C'luy   street,  (soulh  west  cor.  Salisouie), 
IBTUUm  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


HA.IV    FRANCISCO 

CORDA& E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Bope  of  all  01268.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Une  constantly  on  hand.    [Tarred  Muni  la  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TURKS  A.  CO..  Amenta, 

26  611  and  613  Front  street. 


JOSEPH    GILLOTT'S 

STEEL     FEISTS. 
Sold  by  nil  Dealers  throughout  the  World. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAIi      E  IV  O  R  A.  "V  E  R  , 
AND  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  tfOS  Sacratnento  street, 
8au  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
This  Favorite  House  is  located  on  Jacltson  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery;  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  FamilicB.    The  International  Coach  will 
he  at  oach  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In. 
toruational  Hotol,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Hotel 
11:1  .j: .  and  to  any  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates. 
F.  E.  WETGANT  4:  H.  C.  FAItTBEDGB, 
24v22-3m  Proprietors. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


STOUT,    MILLS    &    TEMPLE, 

paoraiKTOna  or  the 
GLOBE     IKON     WORK!*, 

I'AYTON.    HUM. 

Hydraulic 

ENGINEERS. 

Patentees 

AM> 

Manufacturers 

.',  _     ...  in.     ..I     Power     guaranteed 

or  fl' I' i-  I  >  nn>  Overshot  Wheel. 

American   Turbine  Water  Wheel. 

MILL  QKABJNQ   AND  SllAJ ■T1NO 
Of  all  Descriptions,  and  QflDflnl  Mill  Furnishing. 

Water  Powers  BattDUttod  and  Plans  Furnislp  d. 

A.  L.  BTOUT,  w.  M.  mills,  ...  TEMPLE. 
Send  for  Descriptive  Circular.  22v23-! 


No.    »41     KEAK1V1T    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francieco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad    Co. 


OFFICE.  42  BROADWAY.  NEW  YORK. 


TO    CONTRACTORS,     MINERS,     ETC. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SJL1V     FRANCISCO. 

Capital,   One   Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 
o.    415    CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

25v20-qy 

STEINWAY  &  SONS' 
Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

.GRAND,  [SaTJARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let-"         f^Trffi 

A.^HEYTJIAN, 

^1  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mal8-ti  OppQBjte  old  Capitol,  Sacbamentq. 


By  this   invention,  one  man,  with  one  horse  and  five 
curs,  duet;  the  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horses  and  ten  carts. 

Hig-hly  Approved  by  all  wno  Use  Them. 

ARS     AND    TRACKS     FOR     SALE     OR     TO    LET 

Samples  at  the  office.    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Sale. 

23v22eo\v20t 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

my.l-        Ficj.  2  Fly.  3  Ftyd 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crudo,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery -Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened'  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  aud  27th,  I860;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stump  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 

SELF-OILER®. 
WATERS' 

PATENTED  October  21,  1868; 
July  6.  1867;  July  23  and  Sept. 
22,  1868,  and  June  20, 1869. 

Glass  reservoir,  with  white 
metal  coupling  cast  on. 

Substantial  brass  stem,  with 
graduating  plug— V  slot  on 
one  side,  38  shown  in  magni- 
fied cut — in  the  top. 

The  best  and  cheapest 
OILER  in  the  market;  perfect 
lubrication  on  loose  pulleys  and  all  kinds  of  bearings. 
Any  kind  of  Oil  in  any  kind  of  weather.  Price,  54.50 
per  dozen    Liberal  discount  to  agents  and  to  the  trade. 

WATERS    &    CO., 
no!8-3m      164  Elm  st,  near  Fourth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


HOOVER'S 

New     and     Superior     Chromos. 

The  Changed  Cross,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Faithful  Crowned,  size  22  by  28. 

Virgin  Mary  and  St.  John,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Holy  Family,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Beautiful  Snow,  size  16  by  22. 

Delhi,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y.,  size  20  by  28. 

ALL    REAL    CEMS    OF    ART. 

Sold  by  Leading  Dealers  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  Wholesale  by  the  Pub- 
lishers. 

J.    HOOVER, 

804    Market    Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


Phoenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    BEEVES    &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Betdoes,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Eto. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album    of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  onappli 
cation  to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila 
delphia.  ap8-ly 


Situation  as  Chemist  "Wanted. 

The  undersigned,  having  completed  the  working 
course  of  Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College,  Easton,  Pa., 
including  Dry  Assay  of  Ores  and  Blowpipe  Analysis, 
desires  a  situation  requiring  a 

Practical  Knowledg-e  of  Chemistry. 
By  permission  refers  to  Dr.  Train  Green,  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College. 

B.  CHAMBERS,  Jr., 
20v23-3m  tOhaxaberBburgjPa  • 


RU8S    PATENT 

MONITOR    MOLDING     MACHINE, 

MADE  BY 

R.     EALL   &   CO.,    Worcester,   Mass., 

Manufacturers  of  the  latest  Improved  Wood-working 
Machinery  for  Planing  Mills,  Car  Shops,  Agricultural 
Implements,  Furniture,  Sahh,  Blind,  and  Dour  Facto- 
ries., etc.,  etc.  Send  for  Illustrated  Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 
RICHARD  BALL.  E.  P.  HALSTEAD. 

m4-eowly 


FLORAL    GUIDE     FOR    1872. 

Over  One  Hundred  Pages, 

Printed  in  Two  Colors,  on  superb  Tinted  Paper.  Form 
Hundred  Engravings  of  Flowers,  Plants  and  Vegeta- 
bles, with  Descriptions,  and 

TWO    COLORED    PLATES. 

Directions  and  plans  for  making  Walks,  Lawns,  Gar- 
dens, etc.  The  handsomest  and  best  FLORAL  GUIDE 
in  the  World  All  for  Ten  Cents,  to  those  who  think 
of  buying  Seeds.  Not  a  quarter  the  cost.  200,1)00  sold 
of  1871.    Address  JAMES  VICK, 

22v23  Rochester,  N .  Y. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y 

MICK05i(  OPE8. 

Illustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  illustrated,    sent    free. 

McALLISTiR,  optician,  40  Nassau  street.  New  York. 

3v23-ly 


Travelers'  Guide. 


CENTRAL   PACIFIC    RAILROAD. 


OVERLAND    TRAINS. 


Eaprvae.     I 

Daily,  via  Daily,  via 

Uakfaud.  Vallejo. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.  314   CAI.IFOH.IVIA    STJttEKT. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  band 
SPORTING, 

1.IIIVI1VG, 

A.na    B0CIA.8TI1VG 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  ERESH  PROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  tbe  interior,  is  delivered  to  tbe  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  Buperior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   lor   the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  aud  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

— FOR— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
25v23-tf 


7.50  am 
B.S5  A  U 
11.27  AM 


Dec.  i 
1871. 


10.30  AH 

U.'oi  PM 
2.00  l-  U 
MB  r  u 

■ 
9.10  a  m 

12.00  m 

4.  Ill  I'M 
AKKi.  j:. 


..San  Francisco... 

■Oakland 

,  San  Joso 

.Nilea 

.  .Stockton 



,.l)a%  is 

..Sacramento 

.  .ClllfllX 

.  .Reno 

,  .Wionomuoca 

. .Battle  Mountain 

1      ■ 
..Ogdon 


Expresi    I 
vallojo.  Oakland. 


AllltlVE. 

-. 'M 

8.00  PM 
8.30  PM 
7.0*  P  M 
1.23  PM 


B.S»PM  , 

3,10  I'M 

2.30  pm  2.35  PM 
10.20  r  M  LEAVE. 
2.10AU 

4.15  m  £ 

1.25PM  ^ 

B.4S  am  -o 
5.20  PM  g 
LEAVE-      M 


Sa,n  Francisco  and  San  Jose. 


7.10  I'M 

■ 
Aiucivr. 


■ 
5.30  p.m 

,KIJVI.. 


.  .  .S..P1    I     ,.    : 

.  .    .Nil.  , 

. .  San  .!"-'■  ■     . .. 


10,  .11  IN 
B.35AH 

7.  (I  A  M 
LEAVE. 


5.30  p  M 

1.1(1    I'M 

Mil. 


San  Francisco,  Stockton  and  Modesto. 

11        1  LEAVE.                                                  ARRIVE.     AiiimiT. 

•LOU  PMt  7.00  a  Ml.... San  Francisco.. I    B.30  pmI,1'_..4U  pm 

n.Iiipm    [1.05 AMI  ...Lathrop.. 4.15pm     8.10am 

9.20  pm|    5.50  PM I        Moilt-ato | .      7.00  a  M 


o  nil  11,27a  mi. 

I1VE.  |  ARRIVE.  I 


LKA.  1  . 


Sacramento,  Marysville  and  Teharna. 
LaEAVE.   i    LEAVE.    I 

■8.45  am      2,35  PM Sacramento  . 

10.25  a  M      3.25  pm  Junction 

l./KI  I'M      5.15PU  ....Murjsvillo.... 

8.00  pm     8.35pm  ....Tehama 

.Bed  Bluff.... 


ARRIVE   I  AllKIVJ 


ABRTVE. 

A  ii  hue 

1.08  i'  m 

■4.45  I'M 

12.15  i  v, 

3.25  PM 

10.20  AM 

[2.00  I'M 

6.60  a  H 

■Villi  AM 

LEAVE. 

LEAVE, 

OAKLAND  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francibco.  ,im 
B  Hi,  82  , 1(1  HI  nnd  11  20  n~  in.,  12  ill.  1  50.  a  Hi),  4  im,  .ri  IS.C30  6  Dl 
9.'Jltand  *.H  311  p.  in,     OH'".  II  2ll;tnil  J  IM)  to  Oukl;ind  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *S3".  ii  10.  7  .W.  you  and  11  00a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  41).  4  55.  ti  10,  7.-10  and  10  10  p.  in. 

Lkave  Oahlanp,  •5-.0.  6.r>t).  8  00,  9  10,  10  00.  and  1110  a. 
m.,  1200.  1  40,  2  50,  3  50,  5  05,  Ii  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francesco,  7  20,  900, 
and  11  15  a.  iu.,  1  30,  4  00.  5  DO  and  7  00  p.  in.  ,7  2D,  II 16  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

LEaVE  KaYWaBJDS,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m„  and  3  30  p.  in. 

Leave  Fun  it  VaLE,*625.  7  35,  y  00  and  II  20  it.  ni.,  130, 
■I  05  and  5  1)0  |i,  m. 


CALIFORNIA 

PACIFIC 

RAILROAD. 

Leave 
S,  Fran. 

Leave 
Vallejo. 

Arrive  at 

Arrive 

Miirvs'li'. 

Arrive 

Sacra 'to. 

8.30  A  M 
"4.-0  PM 

t8.;«iA  m 

10.80  a  u 
5.45  pm 
10.85  A  M 

*).30  pm; 
8.15  I'M 

1.00  I'M 

•4.00  PM 
10.25  P  M 
5  15  p  M 

1.30  f  M 

8. 10  p  M 

Leave 
Sacra'to. 

Leave  J 
Marys'le.l 

Le;n  ti 
Calisto«a. 

Arrivo    1    Arrive 
Vallejo.     S.  Fran. 

*7.ao  a  m 

2  30  r  M 

6.00  amI 
•U.8Q  am 
tl0.45  a  mI 

7.50  AM 
*2.15rM 
3.00  pm 

10.15  a  mI   12.15  pm 
5.30  PMl     7.30  P  M 
5.20  PM|     7.30  I'M 

Sacramento,  Davis  and  Marysville. 


8.1)0  A 
*4.00  P 

e.  30  a 


4.00  P  M 
10.35  P  M 
5.15  pm 


•6.00  a  U 
»11.30am 

+10.45  AM 


7.35  am 

2.30  p  M 
12.30  pm 


6.15  a  m 
3.10  pm 

3.10  I'M 


9.00  am 

■1.0(1  P  M 

1.30  pm 


GILES   U.  GRAY.  JAMES  M.    HAVEN. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTOK»EVSAJID  CODKSEhOKS  AT  LAW, 

In  Building  of  PhcIAc  Insurance  Co.,  N.  E.  corner  Calt 

foiuiaano  LeideKdortl  streets, 

SAN  FKANCICO. 


SAN    FRANCISCO    &    N.   PACIFIC  R.  R. 


'li.OII  I'M 
4.35  p  M 
5.00  p  M 
li.OII  P  M 


.San  Francisco. 

..Donahue 

.Petaluma 

.  .Simla  Rosa 

.  .llii-filiiHl.urt:   .^ 


ve 


•11.00  AMI  Ar. 

B.45AM 

8.20AM  

7.30  AM    

ii.45  A  M|  Leave. 


CAL.  P.  R.  R.  CO.'S  STEAMERS. 


Leave.  J  Leave,  f  I   Arrive.  |   Arrive. 

•4.00  pm  '1.00  pm  ....  San  Francisco.   ..  "10.00  p  m  r*8.00  pm 

6.00pm    U.00  pm  j.  ...Benicia 8.00  pm    6.00  pm 

2.00am  ....Stockton 2.00  pm 

2.00  am  ....Sacramento 12.00  m. 

Arrive.  I  Arrive.  |  |     Leave.  I  Leave. 


•Sundayfi  excepted.       tSundays  only. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt.  Gen'l  Suv 


UNION    PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

Running  from  Ogden,  Utah,  to  Omaha,  Nebraska— ovei 
one  thousand  miles,  without  change  of  cars, 

MAKING   DIRECT    CONNECTIONS 

AT  OGDEN  with  the  Centraij  Pacific  R.  R.  (from  San 
Francisco);  also  with  the  Utah  Central  R.  R.  to  Salt  Lake 
City. 

AT  CHEYENNE  with  the  Denver  Pacific  R.  R.,  for 
Denver  Citv  and  the  Minim;  Districts  of  Colorado. 

AT  OMAHA,  for  Chicago.  Eastern  and  other  cities,  with 
the  Chicago  and  Northwestern;  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and 
Pacific;  Burlington  and  Missouri  River;  St.  Joseph  and 
Council  Bluffs  Railroads;  also,  for  St.  Louis  and  all  South- 
ern cities. 

EXPRESS  TRAINS  RUN  DAILY.— The  TJ.  P.  R.  R.  u*e 
theWestinghouKe  patent  air  brake;  Miller's  patent  trussed 
platform  and  elastic  car-coupler;  and  the  moBt  approved 
construction  of  cars  for  the  comfort  and  sufety  of  passcn- 

g  PULLMAN'S  MOST  MAGNIFICENT  PALACE  SLEEP- 
ING OARS  attached  to  express  trains. 

T.    L.    KIMBALL, 
General  Passenger  Agent,  Omuha. 


LUBRICATING    OIL, 

THE    BEST    IN^  THE    WORLD! 

The  attention  oi  the  public  is  railed  to  GRUBER'S 
NEW  PATENT  LUBRICATING  OIL. 

For  running  Machinery  of  all  kinds  it  has  no  equal. 

It  will  not  gum,  and  runs  perfectly  smooth,  cool  and 
clean. 

This  OIL  offers  special  inducements  to  Farmers, 
Livery  Stable  Keepers,  etc. 

It  will  be  found  far  Superior 

To  any  other  Oil  or  Grease  now  in  use.  for  Carriages 
Wagons,  and  all  kinds  of  Farming  Machinery. 

Mill-men,  Printers,  and  all  others  having  occasion  to 
use  a  Lubricator,  will  find  a  decided  advantage  in  using 
this  Oil-  one  gallon  being  equal  to  two  of  the  best  Oi  1 
in  the  market. 

Perfect  Satisfaction  Guaranteed 

OR    MONEY    REFUNDED. 

Orders  per  Mail  or  Express  will  receive  prompt  at- 
ten  I  ion. 

H£?"  Office  and  Salesroom— 

GRTJBEE  LUBRICATING  OIL  CO., 

Corner  Drumm  and  Market  streets, San  Francisco 

no25-3m-bp-sa 


44 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  20,  1872. 


Mining  Matters. 

The  Commercial  Herald  in  its  annual 
reviewof  mining  matters  says  that  there  can 
be  no  question  but  everything  wears  a  most 
cheering  aspect,  and  that  the  product  for 
the  coming  year  will  prove  to  be  un- 
usually large.  When  we  take  into  con- 
sideration the  entire  situation — the  im- 
mense gains  we  have  now  made  in  the 
business  of  mining;  the  improved  processes 
and  machinery  lately  introduced,  coupled 
with  the  great  number  of  new  reduction 
works  erected,  and  the  certainty  of  ample 
water  supplies  the  approaching  season,  we 
find  here  an  aggregate  of  recently  accruing 
advantages  that  warrant  us  in  predicting 
for  the  current  year  a  yield  of  the  precious 
metals  equivalent  to  eighty-five  or  ninety 
millions  of  dollars,  and  should  nothing 
transpire  meantime  to  mar  the  present 
prospect,  there  would  be  little  ground  for 
surprise  should  the  product  reach  a  hun- 
dred millions  by  the  end  of  the  year. 

Everywhere  new  ore-crushing  mills  have 
been  erected,  the  most  of  them  of  large 
capacity,  and  nearly  all  capable  of  doing 
better  work  than  the  average  of  those  be- 
fore put  up.  Imjjroved  furnaces  have 
been  built  for  roasting  the  rebellious  ores 
;md  a  great  number  of  smelting  works  con- 
structed in  the  base  metal  districts.  In 
the  ditches  and  reservoirs  built  in  this 
State  the  past  year,  our  water  -supplying  fa- 
cilities have  been  increased  fully  twenty  per 
experienced — such  aid  having, in  fact, never 
cent,  while  capital  the,  most  powerful  aux- 
iliary of  all,  has  come  to  our  assistance, 
with  a  freedom  and  readiness  never  before 
before  been  so  fully  deserved.  "With  all  these 
helps,  and  the  many  new  discoveries  being 
made  and  rich  mines  constantly  developed, 
we  feel  confident,  that,  with  no  untoward 
turn  of  events,  there  will  be  gathered  from 
the  mineral  regions  west  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  a  hundred  million  dollars  with 
in  the  next  twelve  months. 

Dividends,  Profits,  Etc. 

With  this  free  production,  the  profits 
arising  from  mining  operations  the  past 
year  have  been  correspondingly  large,  lead- 
ing to  liberal  investment  in  stocks  and 
properties  of  this  kind,  causing  the  latter 
to  advance  steadily,  and,  in  some  cases, 
with  extreme  rapidity.  Many  of  the  older 
mines,  which  had  for  a  long  time  been 
worked  with  little  or  no  profit,  have  been 
rescued  from  the  assessment  and  restored 
to  the  dividend-paying  roll.  Others,  which 
had  never  before  contributed  anything  to- 
ward the  cost  of  their  development,  have 
begun  to  yield  pay-ore,  and  even  afford  in 
same  cases  handsome  returns;  while  still 
another  class,  that  had  been  struggling  for 
years  with  an  adverse  fate,  their  stock  de- 
pressed to  mere  nominal  figures,  have  ad- 
vanced many  hundred  per  cent. ,  and  that 
Avithout  undue  inflation,  there  being,  to 
all  appearances,  a  good  margin  for  them 
to  further  appreciate  on  their  merits. 

Several  new  mines,  some  of  them  only 
discovered,  or  at  least  brought  to  a  pro- 
ductive condition,  within  the  year,  have 
already  yielded  large  and  profitable  re- 
turns, sufficient,  in  some  instances,  to  have 
reimbursed  their  purchase  money,  with 
cost  of  plant  and  other  improvements. 
This  has  been  the  case  with  a  number  of 
mines  in  Nevada  and  Utah,  while  almost 
all  the  early  locations  on  the  Comstock 
Lode  have  so  improved  in  appearance  or 
actual  ore  production  as  to  greatly  en- 
hance their  value.  The  Crown  Point  and 
Belcher  grounds,  which,  a  little  more  than 
one  year  ago,  could  have  been  bought  for 
less  than  one  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
are  now  selling  at  rates  that  would  aggre- 
gate more  than  three  million  dollars  each. 
Nor  are  these  rates  at  all  extravagant,  such 
large  bodies  of  high-grade  ore  having  been 
developed  in  these  mines  as  fully  warrant 
them.  Already  these  companies  are  pay- 
ing enormous  dividends,  and  it  is  quite 
probable  that  their  net  profits  will  amount 
the  current  year  to  several  millions. 


on  the  north  side  of  Boach  Hill,  was  sud- 
denly swept  out  by  a  land-slide  which 
started  from  the  surface  at  the  back  part 
of  the  claim  and  passed  through  where  he 
was  standing  holding  the  pipe.  He  was 
carried  over  a  high  precipice,  down  a  steep 
ravine  which  leads  into  the  N  orth  Fork  of 
the  American  river.  The  body  has  not 
been  found.  Mr.  Clark  was  49  years  of 
age,  and  from  the  State  of  Illinois. 

John  Larimer,  proprietor  of  Larimer's 
mill,  while  adjusting  something  in  the 
battery,  had  his  left  hand  badly  crushed 
by  one  of  the  stamps  falling  on  it. 

New  Incorporations. 

Herctjles  S.  M.  Co.— Jan.  10,  1872.  Capi- 
tal stock  $3,000,000  in  30,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees: Henry  Eaymond,  C.  P.  Hall,  C.  L.  Eoe, 
John  Bisanz,  Julius  Ordway. 

Pioche  Tunnel  Co. — Jan.  8.  Capital  stock 
$3,000,000 in  30,000  shares.  Trustees:  Geo. 
H  earst,  F.  A.  Benjamin,  Samuel  Linkton,  E. 
Skerritt,  H.  C  Kibbe. 

Centhal  Hxdkaulic  M.  Co.,  Jan.  12.  Capital 
stock  $1,200,000  in  12,000  shares.  Trustees: 
W.  H.  Knight,  Sam.  B.  Drury,  H.  C.  Lee. 

Union  Hydraulic  M.  Co.— Jan.  9.  Capital 
stock  $3,000,000  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees: 
Dexter  Tafft,    Edmund  Green,  E.  E.  Brewster. 

South  Emma  M.  Co. — Jan.  10.  Capital 
stock  $3,000,000  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees: 
J.  E.  de  la  Montague,  DelosLake,  B.  F.  Sher- 
wood, M.  Mayblum,  Cornelius  O'Connor. 

Oakville  Quicksilver  M.  Co. — Jan.  18.  Cap- 
ital stock  $300,000  in  3,000  shares.  Trustees: 
E.  N.  Boynton,  S.  Hutchinson,  0.  P.  South- 
wick. 

Floral  Spring  "Water  Co. — Capital  stock 
$200,000  in  2,000  shares:  Trustees:  J.  E.  Wil- 
son, W.  M.  Subbock,  F.  F.  Coffin,  M.  J. 
McDonald,  C.  H.  Hobbs. 

May  Henrietta  First  North  Ex.  Co.— Jan. 
10.  Capital  stock  $2,000,000  in  20,000  shares. 
Trustees: |Orville  Strong,  J.  B.  Bidleman,  S.  D. 
Woodhull,  Geo.  D.  Nagle,  Samuel  Purdy. 

Moreau  Machine  Factory, — Jan.  6.  Capital 
stock  $500,000  in  5,000  shares.  Trustees: 
Isaac  Jessup,  "W.  B.  Isaacs,  Samuel  Hill,  A. 
Eoserffield,  J.  W.  Stow. 


Meetings  and  Elections. 

Amador  Mining  Co. — Jan.  15.  Trustees:  D. 
D.  Colton,  M.  S.  Latham,  A.  K.  White, 
Fred.  A.  Hill.  Subsequently  David  D.  Colton 
was  chosen  President;  Milton  S.  Latham,  Vice 
President;  Fred.  A.  Hill,  Secretary;  John  A. 
Steinberger,  Superintendent. 

Eaymon  &  Ely  M.  Co. — Jan.  15:  Trustees: 
Al.  Bull  (President);  W.  H.  Baymond,  C.J. 
Brenham,  L.  A.  Booth  and  A.  E.  P.  Harmon. 
Andrew  J.  Moidder  was  retained  as  Secretary 
and  C.  W.  Lightnes  as  Supt. 

San  Francisco  Gas  Co. — Jan.  15.  Trustees: 
Peter  DonalniQ  (President),  J.  A.  Donahue 
Vice-President);  John" Parrot,  J.  D.  Walker 
and  Charles  E.  McLane.  J.  G.Eastland,  was 
continued  as  Secretary. 

Gold-  Hill  M.  and  M.  Co. — Jan.  16.  Trus- 
tees: John  H.  Turney  (President),  P.  G.  Ve- 
nard,  L.  Iinhaus  Friedberg  and  P.  Sabatie. 
Richard  Wegener  was  chosen  Secretary  and  H. 
Huguet,  Supt. 

Calipornia  State  Telegraph  Co. — Trustees: 
Geo.  H.  Mumford,  James  Gamble,  Geo.  S. 
Ladd,  H.  H.  Haight,  W.  C  Ealston,  Chas.  E. 
McLane  and  F.  McCrellish.  Subsequently  G. 
H.  Mumford  was  chosen  President;  H.  H. 
Haight,  Vice-President;  Geo.  S.  Ladd,  Treasur- 
er and  Secretary;  and  James  Gamble,  General 
Supt. 

Consolidated  Virginia  M.  Co. — Trustees: 
Edward  Barron  (President) ;  S.  Heydenfeldt, 
J.  C.  Flood,  William  O'Brien,  B.  F.  Sherwood; 
Secretary,  D.  T.  Bagley;  Superintendent  James 
G.  Fair. 


Mining  Accidents. 

Geo.  W.  Bogers,  working  at  the  Belcher 
mine,  had  his  leg  broken  on  the  8th  inst. 
by  the  collision  of  two  cars  on  a  switch, 
whereby  one  of  them  was  thrown  upon 
him. 

John  Byan  fell  from  a  scaffold  at  the 
North  Star  mill  last  week,  and  severely 
injured  his  back  and  spine. 

John  McClafferty  fell  into  a  shaft  of  the 
Big  Gun  claims,  at  Michigan  Bluff,  re- 
cently, and  died  from  the  effects  of  injuries 
received. 

W.  W.  Clark,  while  working  in  his  claim 


Fine  Metal  Feom  Base  Obes. — The  bar 
of  gold  and  silver  bullion  of  which  we 
spoke  in  our  last  issue  as  extracted  by  the 
Paul  Process — simple  amalgamation,  from 
ores  wherezinc,  lead  and  arsenic  were  pres- 
ent, proved  by  Mint  assay  to  be  .989  fine, 
lacking  onlyll-l,000thof  being  chemically 
pure. 

With  1872 

Commences  volume  XXIV  of  the  Scientific 
Press.  Its  life  of  nearly  12  years,  we  verily  be- 
lieve, has  saved  more  to  the  Pacific  States, 
and  imparted  more  profitable  and  practical 
knowledge  to  personal  readers  than  any  other 
journal  in  this  new  and  still  developing  field. 
We  wish  to  increase  our  usefulness.  We  want 
more  subscribers  added  to  our  already  large  list. 
The  publication  of  such  a  first-class  paper  is 
expensive.  We  shall  make  the  Press  worthy 
of  double  its  present  circulation  this  year. 

Every  old  subscriber  who  can  feel  the  value 
to  himself  and  the  community  of  a  journal  that 
seeks  its  patronage  through  articles  instructive, 
elevating,  and  interesting,  and  without  trash  or 
sensation,  we  earnestly  solicit  to  renew  his  own 
subscription  and  to  speak  a  good  word  for  the 
Press  to  others.  The  commencement  of  a  new 
year  and  volume  is  a  good  time  to 

Send  Us  Your  Subscriptions. 

Jan.  1,  1872. 


Old  Laud  Makes. — We  were  shown 
this  week  an  ancient  map  of  North  Amer- 
ica, published  in  England  in  1755,  upon 
which  we  cannot  find  "our  own  country" — 
so  to  speak.  The  engraving  and  printing 
is  finely  executed;  but  the  geographical 
outlines  of  coasts,  lakes,  rivers,  etc.,  are 
terribly  at  fault  with  our  latest  surveys. 
We  are  reminded  by  looking  over  this 
map  that  our  land  was  not  at  that  date  a 
"gridiron"  of  railways,  though  we  have  be- 
come so  accustomed  to  them,  that  it  seems 
strange  how  people  could  ever  have  done 
without  them.  This  map  was  found,  with 
an  old  newspaper  announcing  the  death 
of  General  Washington,  and  a  number  of 
other  antique  publications,  in  a  trunk  left 
by  his  ancestors  to  J.  H.  Blethen,  Jr.,  of 
this  city. 

CONTRIBUTIONS    TO      OUR     CABINET No. 

551. — Specimen  from  Ella  Copper  Mine, 
Bailroad  District,  28  miles  south  of  Elko. 
Character  of  ore  carbonates;  mine  worked 
by  shaft  75  feet  deep  and  tunnel  140  feet 
long;  width  of  vein  21  feet  at  first  level. 
Ore  shipped  to  San  Francisco  and  sold  to 
manufacturers  of  blue  stone.  They  have 
out  now  200  tons  of  choice  ore  and  will 
continue  to  ship  as  fast  as  means  of  trans- 
portation will  admit;  A.  J.  Boulstone,  Supt. 


Japanese  Silkworm  Eggs. — Hon.  Frederick 
Watts,  Commissioner  of  the  Agricultural  De- 
partment at  Washington,  has  been  pleased,  on 
the  recommendation  of  Senator  Cole,  to  for- 
ward to  Secretary  Johnston,  of  the  California' 
Cotton  Growers  and  Manufacturers'  Associa- 
tion, a  lot  of  Japanese  eggs.  They  are  the 
Bombyx  Mori  variety.  Amateurs  and  profes- 
sional silk  breeders  can  have  some  of  these 
eggs,  if  timely  application  shall  be  made  either 
to  James  Dale  Johnston,  107  Sansome  street, 
or  to  President  Ellsworth,  at  the  salesrooms  of 
the  California  Silk  Manufacturing  Company, 
Market  street,  hear  Sansome. 


New  Book  on  Mining,  Assaying,  Etc—  We  have  re- 
ceived a  volume  from  the  pen  of  J.  S.  Phillips,  mining 
engineer,  entitled  "  The  Explorers',  Miners'  una  Metal- 
lurgists' Companion:"  Dewey  h  Co.,  San  ITrancisco, 
publishers.  It  is  a  book  of  over  COO  pages,  and  contains 
a  practical  exposition  of  the  various  departments  of  ex- 
ploration, mining,  engineering,  assaying  and  metal- 
lurgy.  It  appears  to  be  an  excellent  work,  and  must 
prove  of  great  use. — Daily  Call,  Dec.  l'Uk. 


Daily   Record, 


By  the  U.  S.  Army  Signal  Service,  for  the  week  ending 
"Wednesday,  January  17,  1872. 


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Sacramento. 
[By  T.  M.  Logan,  M.  D.,  Secretary  State  Board  of  Health. 


Total  for  the  season  up  to  Jan  10,  1S72 16.451  inchs. 

Remarks.— The  indications  of  approaching  fair  weather, 
pointed  out  in  last  week's  report,  are  being  fully  realized; 
and  a  moderate  northerly  wind  with  a  steady  r  se  of  the 
Barometer  would  lead  U>  tho  conclusion  of  its  continnance 
for  a  while.  It  will  bo  observed  iu  our  published  tables 
that  prior  to  the  1st  of  Jau.  we  have  reed  12.421  inches  of 
rain.  It  is  not  probuble,  according  to  the  theory  broached 
in  this  paper  last  year,  will  be  more  than  tho  amount  subse- 
quently to  the  1st.  of  Jan.,  which  would  make  the  total  for 
the  season  about  24  inches.  On  this  1  think  we  may  safely 
calculate,  as  we  have  already  received  16.421  inches,  four 
inches  of  which  hns  fallen  this  month. 


Our   Agents. 

Oub  Friends  can  do  much  in  aid  of  our  paper  and  the 
cause  of  practical  knowledge  and  science,  by  assisting 
Agents  in  their  labors  of  canvassing,  by  lending  their 
influence  and  encouraging  favors.  We  intend  to  send 
none  but  worthy  men. 

Wm.  F.  Spencer— California.         , 

W.  H.  Murray — General  Traveling  Agent. 

C.  H.  Dwtnelle—  Special  Corresponding  Agent. 

I.  N.  Hoag— Sacramento,  General  Agent. 

F.  M.  Shaw— San  Diego, 

L.  P.  MoCarty — California. 

M.  B.  Stare — Pacific  Coast. 

A.  C.  Knox,  City  Soliciting  and  Collecting  Agent. 

Our  Printed  Mail  List. 

Subscribers  will  notice  that  the  figures  found  on  the 
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verted letterH(i;ii;[,  etc.,)  occasionally  used  are  marks  of 
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Mining  Companies 


Should  advertise  their  Meetings,  Assessments,  and  Sales, 
in  the  SciE'TiFic  Press.  Rates  more  than  one-half  less 
than  daily  publications.  Stockholders  should  take  the 
hint  and  request  their  managers  to  truly  economize  by  ad- 
vertising ina  Mining  Journal,  where  all  notices  may  be 
seen  by  cheaply  purchasing  and  examining  a  weekly.  You 
will  thus  -iivi.-  money  and  uphold  a  journal  which  upholds 
your  interests. 

COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Press  can  be  bad  from  January  1, 
18C4,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  aud  best  information  on  miuing  and 
the  industry  of  this  coast  of  any  work  published. 


FOE,  25  CENTS  we  will  send,  postpaid,  four 
sample  copies  (recent  numbers)  of  the  Press,  This, 
we  believe,  will  induce  many  to  subscribe  who  have  not 
yet  read  our  paper.  It  is  a  cheap  and  valuable  favor  to 
send  a  friend  anywhere. 


MARA  VILLA  COCOA.— No  breakfast  table  iB  complete 
without  this  delicious  beverage.  The  Globe  says :  "  Various 
importers  and  manufacturers  have  attempted  to  attain  a 
reputation  for  their  prepared  Cocoas,  but  we  doubt  whether 
any  thorough  success  had  been  achieved  until  Messrs. 
Taylor  Brothers  discovered  the  extraordinary  qualities  of 
'  Maravilla'  Cocoa.  Adapting  their  perfect  system  of 
preparation  to  this  finest  of  all  species  of  the  Theobromu, 
they  have  produced  an  article  which  supercedes  every  other 
Cocoa  in  the  market.  Entire  solubility,  a  delicate  aroma- 
and  a  rare  concentration  of  the  purest  elements  of  nutri- 
tion, distinguish  the  Maravilla  Cocoa  above  all  others.  Foi 
homoeopaths  and  invalids  we  could  not  recommend  a  more 
aereeable  or  valuable  beverage."  Sold  in  packets  only  by 
a!l  Grocers,  of  whom  also  may  be  had  Taylor  Brothers, 
Original  Homtcopathio  Cocoa  and  Soluble  Chocolate 
Steam  Mills— Brick  Lane,  London.  Export  Chicory  Mills, 
Bruges,  Belgium.  fe25-ly 

University  of  California. — The  Preparatory  Depart- 
ment is  under  the  charge  of  five  Professors  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  six  tutors. 

Besides  the  studies  of  the  public  schools,  Algebra, 
Geometry,  Latin,  Greek,  German,  French,  Spanish  and 
Book-Keeping  are  taught. 

Terms:  Board  and  tuition,  4  weeks,  $30.  StudentB  re- 
ceived at  any  time.  George  Taix,  Oakland,  Master 
Fifth  Class.  se9bptf 

$5  to  $20  per  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  White  V7ire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  AddresB  Hud- 
son River  Wire  Works,  75  William  street,  N.  T.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23yl-12mbp 


Ladies  Debhung  to  Procure  a  Fibst-Class  Sewing 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York. 
Good  work  at  high  prices  If  desired.  21vl-12mbp 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont^ 
gomery  street,  corner  of  Pine. 


Watson's  Patent  School  Desk. 


This  late  ana  important  improvement  in  adjustable  fur- 
niture for  schools,  balls  and  other  purposes,  is  now  ottered 
to  the  public  on  libpral  terms.  All  its  superior  points  of 
usefulness  and  merits  can  only  be  realized  upon  witnessing 
its  actual  operations.  Address  Wiley  Watson,  Visalia.  Tu- 
lare Co.,  Cal.,  for  further  information.  2v24-2t 


BETTS'S  CAPSULE  PATENTS. 

To  prevent  INFRINGEMENTS,  NOTICE  IS  HEREBY 
GIVEN,  that  i'.KTTS'S  NAME  is  ON  EVERV  CAPSULE 
lie  makes  for  the  principal  merchants  in  England  and 
Franco,  thus  enabling  vendor,  purchaser,  and  consumer, 
not  only  to  identify  the  genuineness  of  the  Capsule,  but 
likewise  the  contents  of  the  vessel  to  which  it  is  applied. 
The  Lord  Chancellor,  in  his  judgment,  said  that  the  Cap- 
sules are  not  used  merely  for  the  purpose  of  the  ornament, 
but  that  they  are  serviceable  in  protecting  the  wine  from 
injury,  and  insuring  its  genuineness. 

Manufactories:-!.  WTTARFROAD,  CITY  ROAD, 
LONDON,  AND  BORDEAUX,  FRANCE, 


January  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS^ 


45 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


'"  mail  (At  prt*rri 

•  ■■  to  pre**    ON    /"Aur-t-iv  "■■""- 

(11/— wAi<-A  H  (A*  r*ry  fulr^  hour  *r«  <■<!«  ttrrit*  -i  ti"ti+*ut'nt* 


Alhambra  Hilt  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Alhaiubra  Hill,  Piutu  District,  White  Fine 

county.  Nevada. 

Notice— Tban  ar»  delinquent   upon  tlu   foUowtDfi 
i  Mock,    "ii   aooount  of  Am* Miueut  (Ho.    it 

levied  "U  tli-'  Ninth  da\  oJ    Doa  mbl  r,  1*7] ,  : 
unoanta  set  opposite  tho  nunc*  of  the  rc*pccme  share- 
holders as  follow*: 
Names.  No  of  certificate.        No.  shares.        Amount. 

Andreas  Vtahex doI  Issued,  1136.00 

K.  Beverlj  Dole ••       ■■  1               13(1.00 

R.  Sla\rmb "        "  353                 120.60 

C.  1'.  Bchmldt   " 

B,  Btelnbi  [mot ■•        "  '2W  136  BO 

J.UkUHUJI'lKtcr "  "  1 'Jrt, 60 

D.  H.  Javk-on *■  600  983.00 

L.  tschumai  h-r *'         "  101  bu.SO 

J.  Naptualj "         "  ltJl  bU.50 

l>.  B.Amnrsmlth..,    "       "  ltil  80.60 

.  .  otu "     •'  loi  ao.oa 

Thos.  J.  Bood "       "  80)i  4.u.£i 

And  in  accordance    with    law,   mul   an  order  of    tho 

Board  uf  Trustees,  Olsde  on  the  Ninth  day  of  December, 

iniiy  (.hares  of  each  par. el  ol  BSid  Stock  «s  may 

„rj'.  Will  bS  Mdd  at  public  auction  by  Maun.e 

Do.,  si  No.  831  UoDgomerj  street,  uu  the  l*»lth 
day  of  February,  lb72,  at  the    hour   of    13   o'clock  M.,  of 

said  day.  to  poj  Batd  delioqoflBl  assessment  thereon, 
together  with  coeia  uf  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
HENRY  g.  LANGLEY,  Secretary. 
Office— 419  Olaj  street,  Ban  Franolsoo,  Oil.       jrau-4w 

Caution — Eagle  Quicksilver   Mining  Com- 

p*ii>— Location  ■•!  worn,  Santa  Barbara  County,  Oal. 

hj   given  to  the  public  Dot  to  purchase  or 

n>fK<»tiot«'  (t  the  folio  wing  nam  fit  than  •,  designated  03 

ol  tbs  dslinonent  owners  in  the  bssleUuialc- 

hilver  Minnie.  Company.  They  were  duly  advertised  and 
nold  in  full  at  public  auction,  as  by  law.  11  mi  the  aruolss  ol 
agreomeni  provided,  bj  John  afiddleton  and  Son,  Auction- 
eers, on  Monday,  the  5th  day  ol  January,  1873,  for  delin- 
o,uent  u.nne»ntiieMM  thoruon  and  accruing  co*ts  of  advertis- 
ing and  expe-usen  uf  sale,  and  will  not  bu  transferred  by  said 
company. 

Names.  •        Shares  sold. 

Bash,  A.  F 1 

Pioehe,  F.  L.  A ■> 

Pearson,  n.  11 1 

'('■  ■  h  asend,  James  B....     2 

Sinclair,  Peter  1 

William*.  Mr*   Sarah.. I 

WM.  II.  WATSON, 
Secretary  of  Eagle   Quicksilver  Mining  Company,  Room  5. 

No.  W2  tfontfomerj  street,  San  E  ranoteao,  C'al. 

Januarys,  18W  jal3-3t 

Kincaid   Flat  Mining  Company— Location 

uf  works,  Tuolumne  County,  State  of  California. 

Notice, — There,  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  levied  on  the 
llth  day  of  December,  1871,  the  several  amounts  set  op- 
posite the  names  of  the  respective  Shareholders  as  fol- 
lows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate  No.  Shares.  Am't. 
F.  Vassault 03 5U $125  00 

And  in  uccordauce  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  niudo  on  the  llth  day  of  December,  1S71,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  nec- 
essary, will  bo  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  Secretary's 
Office,  No,  220  Clay  Btrett,  San  Francisco,  California, 
on  Wednesday,  the  Vthday  of  February,  187'2,  at  the 
hour  of  1U  o'clock  a.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  s.id  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  Adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale. 

R.8H.  CORNELL,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  220  Clay  ttreet,  San  Francisco,  Cal.       j2U3t 

Mina  Rica  Mining  Company — Location  of 

works,  Auburn]  District,  Placer    oounty,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

No-ice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  Kith  day  of  January, 
1873,  an  assessment  ol  Twenty  (30)  cents  per  share  wus  levied 
upon  the  capital  stuck  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  Unned  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secre- 
tary at  the  oitice  ol  the  company,  room  No.  2,  418  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  winch  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Monday,  the  luth  day  of  February.  '872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  by 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  be  made  before,  will  be 
Bold  on  Monday,  the  llth  day  of  March,  1*72,  to  pay  the  de- 
linuuent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
GEO.  B.SP1NNKY,  Secretary. 
Office— Room  No.  2,  third  floor,  418  California  street,  San 
Francisco,  California-  ja2u-5w 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 

pany— Location  of  works,  First  Garote,  Tuolumne  county, 

California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  Bth  day  of  January, 
)8i2,  an  assessment  ol  fwonty-fivo  cents  per  share  wai 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  im. 
mediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  company's  office.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assess- 
ment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  .r>th  da.  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1873,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly 
advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  be  made  before  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  r.  m.,  will  be 
sold  on  Thursday,  the  22d  day  of  February,  1872.  to  pay  the 
delinquent,  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  118  Californiastreet,  San  Francisco.  jaliMw 


Nevada  Consolidated  Borax  Company- 
Location  of  Works:  Columbus  aud  Fish  Lake  YalleyB; 
Esmeralda  County,  State  of  Nevada. 
Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  Btock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
29th  day  of  November,  1871,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  of  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.    Am't. 

Charles  Myrtetus 15  3571        *178  55 

Charles  Myrtetus 16  3!>71  178  55 

Charles  Myrtetus 23  260  12  50 

Charles  Myrtetus 55  1220  61  00 

Charles  Bell 1  5955  297  75 

CharleBBell 26  2000  100  00 

CharlesBell 27  200  10  00 

CharlesBell 28  100  5  00 

CharlesBell 29  625  J-a        31  2G?J 

CharleBBell 30  2000  100  00 

Charles  Bell 31  200  10  00 

CharlesBell 32  2000  100  00 

Charles  Bell 33  20  1  00 

CharlesBell 61  2161  %      108  OSJ-i 

S  E-Holcombe 24  250  12  50 

S  E  Holcombe 35  4167  208  35 

SEHolcombe 69  729  36  45 

F  W  Fratt 25  250  12  50 

F  W  Fratt 62  41  2  05 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  tho 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  29th  day  of  November, 
1871,  bo  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as 
may  be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the 
office  of  the  company,  420  Montgomery  street,  Room  No. 
1,  (3d  story)  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  on  Monday,  the  29th 
day  of  January,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  11  o'clock  a.  m.  of 
said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
J.  L.  SANFORD,  Secretary. 
Office,  No.  420  Montgomery  Street,  (Room  No.  1)  3d 
Btory,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


TALPKA S      PATENT 

H^ND      SAWMILL     AND     J  JO     SA.W 
For  Carpenters9  and  Woodworkers'  Use- 


Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company— Lo- 

Spraoi  Uoon tsio,  Antelope  and  Clifton  D 

Klko  Cou 

"Joi    si    hereby sivon, thatstamaaUnffof  thoE 

i  ■■■  1  '.■  91  'i  dsj  -'i   Jaoi  si  ■ 

ol   four  cents  pei      1   ■■■   t    is  levied  upou 

■  ;-  inunsdistelj .  iu 

d  coin,  t"  tho  SeoreUu  1 .  at  tho  companj  - 

office,  R 6.  No   J".'  Honteomori  atreot,  San  Francisco. 

Osi.    Any  -took  upon  which  snid  assessment  shall  remain 
nun. mi  OD  Tuesday,  the  13th  day  of  Frhruiiry.  I*?.',  shall  be 

di  1  mod  delinquent,  and  « <n  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  nt 

public  auction,  and    unless   payment   shall  be  made  before, 

wUlbesold  on  Monday,  the  Kb  day  >-t   Uaroh,  1872.  to  raj 
the  dellnqoeni  assess nt,  togei  bar  with  costs  of  aavertts- 

oi  sale. 
By  order  ol  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

WM.  II.   WATSON.  Secretary 
1      Office,  Room  5,  No.  302  Montgoimij  itrset,  Ban    1  ran- 
Cisco.  Cal.  jjii  j-.;»s 


This  successful  invention  is  now  introduced  in  California,    It  ib  self-feeding,  and  one  man  can  operate  it 
easily,  doing  the  work  ol  several  hands.    Being  a  real  convenience, 

It    Is    an    Article    of  Economy 

For  every  well  regulated  shop,  where  time  aud  labor-saving  is  appreciated.    Examine  it  in  operation. 

Price  Low— $125  for  both  Jig  and  Circular  Saws.  "W.  I.   TTJSTIN,  Agent, 

23v2-lam-3m  At  whose  Bhop,  corner  Market  and  Beale  sts.,  it  can  be  seen  in  operatio 


CARS, 

LIGHT,     STEONG     ^.ND     ELEGANT. 


Omnibuses     of    Every     Style 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  sending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  variouB  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-12t 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


J,    JR.    ANDREWS 


SUCCESSOR  TO 


F*.    IH-AJVSELIj    &    CO., 

House    and     Sign     Painters, 

412    PINE  STREET,    SAN   FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  Bt. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental  Sign  Work. 


Ooxxntry  Orders  ^ttezidod  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     DiBpatch. 
26v23-3m-bp 


Important    to    3iinors. 

FRET'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 
For  pariiculars  address 
WATERS  «fc  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24-3m 


w.  H.  GoiutiLL,  Pres't. 


P.  MAL00N,  Sec'y. 


Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  'Wooden   and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  wpecirications  furnished  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  sent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  Btone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

Address  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

3v2-3m-eow  Oakland  Cal. 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Company — 

Location  ol  WOr^H,  S.Jt  .- prm^   \'ull>  ^ ,  1   .J... .  ..i-.  1  ■  on 

tf,  Oal. 

given,  that  at  a  mostins  ol  the  Bnurd  of 
Trustee  ol  laid  1  tompany,  asld  on  tliv  19th  dny  of  Decora 
ber,  1871,  an  assessment  "t  Five  Dollars  per  shaie  wm 
levied  upon  the  <''irit.il  stuck  of  ^mi  company,  payable 
i  mm --I!  mi  riv.  in  I'niti-d  Static  Kuid  cuiii,  to  the  Secretary. 
KM  California  Btreet  Cupstairs),  San  Francieoo,  Cal.  Any 
Stock  Upon  which  mud  a.-s''>-uo'nt  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
tiif  23d  da]  "i  January,   1*72,  shall  bo  doemad  delinnuL-nt, 

and  will   be  duly  advtTtitsod  for  sale  nt  public  atidt m.i 

unless  jmyiui'iit   nliall  hr  linidc   l-ctoru,  i1.  ill  In-  Mold  on  Tut-»- 

day,  the   [3th  dayol  fc'ebroary,  ISTvVto  pay  the' delinquent 
a-.      11. -in.   together  witli    oosto  ol    advertising  and  ex- 
l  3  ■  ■      Ii>  order  of  tlu-  Itn.ird  nt  Trust t-i*s. 

T     F.  <   Kii.MSh,  Svi-retajj-. 
Ofllce.  -lOft  California  streiM.  San  Framrihuo.  Cal.        d'.'i-lw 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company — Location 

of  works,    White  Pine    Mining   District,  "White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at.  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  1  lompany,  bold  on  the  9tn  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1871,  an  assessment  of  Three  Dollars  per  share  »u« 
levied  noon  the  capital  stock  of  wild  <  ionipany,  payable  iiu- 
mediately,  in  Doited  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  Company's  otllce.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assi 
menl  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  2-ritii  day  ol 
January.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  "ill  be  duly 
advertaeed  for  Mali',  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment 

shall  be  made  In-foru,  will  he  M.ld  on  Friday,  the  23d  das  ol 
February,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order 
of  the  Board  ol  Trustees.  J.W.   CLARK..  Secretary 

Office,  418  California  St.  San  FranciBco.  De30-4w, 


Union  Gold  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works.  Ilowiand  Flat.  Sierra  county.  State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  Riven,  thai  at  B  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  4th  day  of  January, 
1872,  an  assessment  oi  one  dollar  (Mi  per  Bhare  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  Stutes  «old  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  Company.  Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  street,  Han  Francisco.  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment,  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  -Hli  day  of  February  l*7J,  shall  In-  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  he  duly  advertised  forsale  ;it  public  auction, 
and  unless  payment  shall  he  made  before  Will  he  sold  on 
Monday  the'JIith  day  of  February,  l*7J,  to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  togetherwith  costs  of  advertising  aud  expenses 
of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  ofT  'uetees. 

ALFRED  K.  DURBROW.  Secretary. 

Office— Room  No.  22  Merchants'  txchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  jn4-4w. 

J.  S.  PHILLIPS,   M.  E., 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer, 
Mineral  Assayer,  Analyst,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Author  of  "  The  Explorers',  Miners',  and  Metallurg- 
ists' Companion." 

Inventor  of   the    Explorers',   Miners',  Millers',   and 
Smelters'  Friend,  the  Prospectors'  "  WEE  PET  "  Assay- 
ing Machine,  etc.,  which  obtained  a  Gold  Medal  at  the 
San  Francisco  MechanicB'  Institute  Fair  of  18C9. 
Patented  September  7,  lSG.t. 


Arranged  fer  the  general  purposes  of  the  Analj  st  and 
Assayer. 
Price,  with  instructions,  tools  and  fluxes,  $100. 

Practical  Instructions  in  all  kinds  of  Assay- 
ing, Discrimination  and  Analysis. 

23-v23-tf 


Phelps'  Patent  Animal  Trap, 


FOR  GOPHERS,  SQIRRELS,  RATS,  CAYOTES, 
and  other  "VarmintB." 

This  Trap,  as  may  be  Been,  is  of  simple  construction 
and  not  likely  to  get  out  of  order,  and  very  durable. 

It  is  "Very  Efficient 
and  can  be  used  conveniently  by  women  or  children, 
THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST  YET  INVENTED.  Price 
50  cents.  By  mail,  prepaid  (to  places  where  express 
charges  are  high),  SI.  A  liberal  discount  to  clubs  or 
dealers  who  buy  by  the  dozen.  Address  the  inventir 
and  manufacturer,  D.  N.  PHELPS, 

al-ly-awbp  San  Leandro,  Alameda  County,  Cal 


H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  Bizes,  for 
Mining  PumpB. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


DIVIDEND    NOTICE. 
Sarinffs  and  Loan  Society, 

619  CLAY  STREET,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

A  DrVTDEND,  Free  of  Federal  Tax,  of  10  per  cent,  per 
annum  on  all  deposits  for  the  six  months  ending  De- 
cember 31,  1871,  has  been  declared,  payable  immedi- 
ately.   By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

jal3-2w  CYRUS  "W.  CARMANY.  Secretary. 


46 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


fjanuary  20,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


ESTABLISHED    1S51. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 


First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

IBA    V.    KAWKIN.  A.  P.  BKA1TOH, 

GEO.  W.  FO»G,  Superintendent. 

Steam  Engines  audBoilers, 

MAB1NE  AND   STATIONABY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  tbe  lowest 
prices,  and  of  tbe  best  quality. 

v&r  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Rp&ixs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED  PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  GODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

KANOFACTORERB    OF 

QTE-A-M    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    I^loixr    and    ©aw   Mills, 

Unyew'  Improved   Steam  Pamp,  Krodte'n  Im- 
proved      Crnsher,      Mlnintr     Fnmpg, 
Amaleamatori,  and  all  kind* 
of  Machinery. 

N.  E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How. 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qv 


G-EORG-E    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission   Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  inoreased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM     ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OP  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequalea  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  HoiBt  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MANUFACTURER  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOR 

Pracy's    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


PA.CI3FIO 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

SAN   FRANCISCO,   CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND   OTHER    IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  "Variety  of  jSlia,f%injg, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  .  f 

Steamboat    Shafts    Crank*,    PlMton    and    Con. 

nectlag  Bods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 

and  Frames 

HAMMERED      IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

*W*  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
30MPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  will  receive 
prompt  attention 

*S-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron.        9vl4Sm 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA.      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

LIGHT  AND  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 
First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Casting's  of  all  kinds. 
7v23tf  I.  L.  MORTLHRAP,  President. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street, 

I\  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  'Works), 
High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
SOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

OELEBltATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


San  Francisco. 

Proprietor. 

Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  lands  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Bailroad  Corporations. 

[TOUR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beach    Street,    Philadelphia,    Perm. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

83"  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere— and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  -weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND    PHOTOGRAPHS. 


CRAIG-    &    BREVOORT'S 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 


THE    I£ISI>OISr 

Iron  and  locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION~~OF    WORKS  : 
Corner  of  lit  nit-  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary),  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors! 
Wm.  Alvord,  0.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walter. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President 

0.  E.  MoLANE Vice  President 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent 

LEWIS  R.  M0AD Secretary, 

24vl7-qy 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 
Sacramento. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTDKEHS  OT 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Dnnbar's  Patent  Self-Ad  lusting  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  binds  of  Mlnlnic  Machinery. 

Front  Street*  between  N  and  O  streets* 

]<Vl  RaOR*  WKNTO   ClTf 


Machinery. 


NO.    1. 

The  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  in- 
tended  to  be  attached  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  bringing  it  within  the  class  of  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  its  work  in  the  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  iB  con- 
ducted to  the  condenser,  on  its  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  pump,  and  is  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  section  of  the 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

The  flange  D  is  bolted  to  the  suction  orifice  of  the 
uump,  and  the  flange  S  to  the  pipe  loading  to  the  well, 
or  whatever  source  of  supply  the  pump  may  have;  W  is 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  the  suction  pipe,  S,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  the  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valve  to  enlarge  or  contract  the  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  The  pipe  P,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  as  a 
guide  to  float  F. 

The  valve,  0,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem— shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
the  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  is  attached. 


HYDRAULIC    CHIEF. 


Kl 
IM 

O 


2  g 

a 

LU        H 

5   W 

I  s 


Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kinds  of  Brasa,  Composition  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Mails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  and  Steamboat  Bells  and 
Oongsof  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
iraulicPipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
J®-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -ffit 
J.   H.  WEED-  V.  KINGWELL. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1S71. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  tbey  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by- 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  1  he  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodfc  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rim;8  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  1, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14,  1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


The  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  courBe  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exliauBt  side  of  the  steam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  lime  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  iB  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhaust  pipe, 
into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  the  steam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  done  the 
pump  is  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORf, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANWACTUBEHS     OF 


k       =  IMa 

MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHIKES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCKOLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
Eer  Bailroad,  Car,  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
B^~  Superior  to  any  ill  use. 

J.    A.   FAY   &   CO., 

ClNCrNNATT,   OHIO. 


■WOOD-WORKING   MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 
Philadelphia. 


tt3"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v23-ly 


THEODORE   KALLENBEEG, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Muker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Dioe, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 

streets,  San  Fhancisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Piles. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BEAPERAND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


SHEET     ITfcOiV     FIFE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  auy  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  "con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rjtes. 

f£&~  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


OAST    IRON    FIFE, 

POR    WATER    AND    GAS. 


PIPE  of  all  sizes,  of 
being  made  at  the 


a  very  superior  quality,  1b  now 


Pacific  Iron  Works, 

In  this  city,  under  the  Patents  of  Farrar  &  Whiting. 
17v23-3ra  GODDARD  &  CO. 


January  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


47 


WHY  THE   WILSON 


Patent    Steam    Stamp    31  ill 


IS  THE   BEST   AND 


Most  Desirable  Mill  for  Crushing  Ores. 


BeranM  the  company  giro  a  responsible  guarantee 
that  the  purrbaiMTH  rlial!  be  under  no  orponno  lor  re- 
p»ir»  for  TWKLVK  MONTHS,  and  guarant..  the  mill  to 
cttibIi  (nnular  work)  On"  Tun  Pit  Hour  of  the  Uardeat 
Quartz  through  the  unliuary  mtwan. 


THERE    IS    A    SAVING 


of  from  Twenty  to  Forty  per  cent,  running  expensea. 


To  put  one  of  tho  Wllnon  Mills  over  the  mountains, 
from  Jlu.wu  to  IIH.IXK)  La  saved  in  First  Cost. 

Tho  Wilson  Mill  will  save  In  working  nxpemufl  and 
repairs  enough  every  six  months  to  PAY  FOK  ITSELF. 


IN   EVERY  PARTICULAR 

This    Mill    is    Greatly   Superior   to    the 

Ordinary   Cam   Stomp    Mill. 
RECOLLECT 

This    Mill     is    Fully   Guaranteed 

to  do  and  b«  all  we  claim  for  it. 

DO    NOT    BE    DECEIVED 

by  the  cry  of  "  Humbug,"  but  cull  and  inveBtlgato  Its 
merits.  One  cau  always  be  Been  at  the  Pacific  Iron 
Works. 

Ten  of  these  Mills  are  now  in  operation. 

For  further  particulars  address 

FDBUAN    It.     V.II.so\, 

San  Francisco. 


JO*    THORNHILL, 
BRICKLAYER    AND     CONTRACTOR. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Worli, 
such  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,   Ranges,   &c, 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  White,  47  Clay  Street,  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  11*12  Mason  Bt,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  24v21-Jiin 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Hnlt  k  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  Sun  FranciBco,  Nov.  24,  1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 

STEAM    POWER. 

The  second  and  third  stories  of  the  west  half  of  the 
Mechanics'  Mill,  corner  of  Mission  and  Fremont  streets, 
to  let,  with  Steam  Power.  Frontage  about  70  by  127 
feet,  but  the  rear  half  is  only  about  40  feet  wide.  To  be 
let  in  whole  or  in  part,  to  one  or  more  tenants. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

FRANK  KENNEDY, 
26v23-lm  604  Merchant  street,  San  FranciBco. 


NELSON    «&  r>OBLE, 

AGENTS   FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Sledveii,     HiimmerN,    Stone    Cutters',    Blitck 

Moiltha'  and  Horse-Shoer*'  Tool*. 

13  and  1A  Fremont  street,  near  .Market,  San  Francis 
luvUqr 


THE 

Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

109  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting.  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 

12v?3-3m  J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Ag-ent. 


I.    BT-    WILFONG'S 

E     CmcPLATTXO 

STEAM^OILER. 

This  col  npnunta  u  in..  Uw  old 

■tyleof  Oylindi  |  oomblnei  all  the  foU 

lowing    great    advam  rculation    and 

generation  of  iteun;   economy  in  fuel;   durability, 
sarcty,  and  simplicity  of  construction;  requires  bnt 
little  attention;  1»  easily  repaired,  and  moderate  at 
■ 
Wo  have  now  a  nuuil"  r  in   moMSBftil  operation. 
■nd  tv*j»  ol fuiiy  i,i.  t  to  ibe  followlnfl  Wl  11  known 
Hastings  A  Co.,  Beventn  and  i 
i    i  k  Co.,  128  Chestnut  street ;  J.  S  Hober, 
Qi  rmantown;  Rolf  ft  Bro.,  Sixth  and  Susquehanna 
avenue;  Albion  Print  Works,  Oonal  i  .  p».;  s. 

h.  Dickey,  Oxford,  Pa  —all  of  which  are  giving  EN- 
TIKE  8AT18FAI  rms     ParUes  wishing  to  investl- 
■  :      r  new  Boiler  i  ohy  call- 

ing at  any  of  tho  above  named  plant  t,  or  to 

I.  N.   WILFONG, 

131  and  135  North  Twenty-oecond  St., 
PHILADELPHIA,    PA., 

Manufacturer  of  nil  descriptions  of  Boilers  (B 
St  Blacks  patent  Included),  Tanks,  Stills,  Pans, and 
general  Iron  Work,    Orders  solicited  from  all  parts  t 
of  the  country,  and,  when  received,  promptly  at-  * 
tended  to.     State  and  County  Rights  ami  Royalties 
for  sale  as  above.  5v33*0D>eoiv 


A.  J.  SMITH, 
PLUMBE  It, 

— AND— 

Manufacturer  of  Pumps  and  "Water  Closets, 

No.  220  Fremont  street,  opposite  Fulton  and  .Etna 

I"on  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

18v23-3m 


THE     SELDEN     PUMP. 


Combines    Simplicity    and    Durability    to    a    Remarkable   Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to   all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

A.    CARR, 
43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v23-ly-eow 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST   PREMIUM 
American  Institute,  1867  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE   MANUFACTTTKEK 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-Acting 

Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED    IN     ENGLAND,    BELGIUM     AND 
FRANCE.      SEND   FOK   CIECULAK. 


CAMERON'S 

steam:  pumps. 

PICKLRING'S 

Engine    Kegulators. 

GIFFAIiD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface    Condensers. 

DAVirTsTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  F. 


m 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &   CO., 
UOIEER,     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 


CAST    STEEL     FILES. 

John  T.  Bunker  &  Co.'s— "We  ■wish  to  inform 
Dealers  and  Iron  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  these 
celebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  superior  inducements 
to  introduce  them.    (22-v23-3m)         HOOKER  &  CO. 


J.   M.    STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     A.7SI>     MODELS 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt'B  Braes  Foundry). 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  6v23.3m 


Improved   Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  SanJFrancisco. 
3v2i-3m  IVII.  CALDWELL 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  all  kind,  or  Ore.,  and  particular  nttrntlo. 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  GOODS. 

<vl6-3m 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 
.  Righardboh  .t  Co.  hava  boon  for  thirl  v  roan  ntabUsDafl 
ni  Swansea  at  Agente  for  tlia  preparation,  Bamplin 

nig.  and  Salu  of  Oopper.  Sliver,  <;..l.l,  L.-tul,  /in.-.  ;hi<<  .ill 
other  Okih  ami  Metals,  for  will  oh  they  have  extensive  \\  are- 
aouaee  and  Wharves  undercover,  l.dtio  fe.'t  of  Quay  ETront- 
Ut  within  the  Floating  Dock,  ami  tbo  most  oomplete  M,<- 
ohinery  and  Appliance*.  Thej  an  al  □  pri  pared  to  nuke 
aavonoi  walnat  Oroa  in  anticipation  of  realization,  and  i« 
Kuarantce  all  payments  when  required.  Krat-lyfl 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consnlting  Chemist, 

421   Honltrt'inery  St.  np  «tiilr*. 

Particular  attention  given  to  tho  Analysis  of  Ores, 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mineral  Watare, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3in 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  U.  8.  Branch  Mint,  8,  F.) 
Assayer  and  Metallixi-gricn^ 

CHEMI8T, 
\<i.     Oil    Commercial    Street* 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Miuti. 

San  Fhancisco,  Cal.  7v21-3ic 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  St.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

BIOTTE  de  LDCKHAKDT. 

Ore*   Crushed,   Sampled    and    Assuyed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Return  8  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metaUuc- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  2Gv'21-3m 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY    OFFICE 

Itfo.    513    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.    A.    MARS,    Assayer. 
B^"  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v2C 


q.  w.  STRONG. 


W.  L.  STRONH 


G.   W.   STRONG   &  CO., 
Metallurgical    "Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Franoisco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  28v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  "Wire,  Etc.,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
26  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Oro  purchased.  22V18 


ALL   NEW   AND    OLD    PROCESSES 

—  OF  — 

Mining,  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately  described   and   discussed,    and   tho 
Lat<ist    IVe'ves 

From  American  and  Foreign  Mines  ;  together  with  the 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  tho  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Club, 

and  other  Scientific  Bodies,  and 

WEEKLY    POPULAR    ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
Will  be  found  in  the 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R.  W.  RAYMOND  and  W.  P.  WARD,  Editors. 

Subscription,  $1,  currency,  per  annum ;  $2.25  for  six 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Company, 

WILLAItD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Row,  New  York. 
P.  O.  Box  4404.  25v23-tf 


AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Roasting    Rebellious    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  tho  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  Bulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  AU  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  wns 
given  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONROE    THOMSON", 

At  444  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  25v23-3m 


48 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  20, 1872. 


The  Scientific  Press, 

Established  in  18G0,  is  now  the  Largest,  Most 
Original,  Best  Illustrated  and  most  Ably  and 
Carefully  Edited  Practical  Mining  Journal  on 
the  Western  Continent.  Its  contents  are  made 
up  of  fresh  intelligence  in  a  condensed  and  inter- 
esting style,  easily  appropriated  by  the  reader, 
■who  finds  its  columns  replete  with  new  facts 
and  ideas  not  obtainable  in  the  books  of  the 
past  or  in  any  one  other  of  the  journals  of  the 
day. 

Varied  in  its  carefully  compiled  and  con- 
veniently arranged  departments,  representing 
the  special  and  leading  industries  of  the  Pacific 
States— Mining,  Mechanism,  Manufacturing, 
Building,  Improvements  and  Inventions — it 
becomes  a  weekly  informant  to  all  Scientific, 
Mechanical,  Manufacturing  and  Industrial 
Progressionists  on  the  coast,  an  immense  list 
of  whom  testify  to  its  pleasant,  profitable  and 
elevating  influence. 

The  progress  of  our  journal  has  been  steady 
and  unvarying.  Encouraged  by  a  liberal 
slass  of  readers  who  exhibit  their  appreciation 
in  a  substantial  way,  we  shall,  with  our  in- 
creasing facilities,  experience  and  information, 
make  each  coming  issue  superior  to  its  prede- 
cessor. 

Let  every  friend  of  Science  and  Industry  on 
this  side  of  the  continent  take  pride,  not  only 
in  sustaining,  but  accelerating  the  advancement 
of  a  faithful  representative  of  its  highest  inter- 
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Subscription  $4  a  year,  in  advance.    Address 

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Publishers  and  Patent  Agents,  338  Montgomery 
St.,  S.  E.  corner  California  St.,  S.  F. 


H.    &    L.    AXLE    GREASE. 

The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  esperience  of  over  twenty  teaes,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to 

KEDUCE  THE  PRIOTION  ON  AXLES, 

And  thus  Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 
Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H.  &  L.  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  AT  AS  LOW  A 
RATE  as  any  of  the  inferior  compmnds  now  being 
forced  upon  the  market, 

HUCKS     &    LAMBERT 

Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the 

H.    *    Xj.    -AJXH-lf;    GREASE. 


See  that  the  brand  H.  &  L. : 
package,  and  take  no  other. 


.  on  the  red  cover  of  the 


HUCKS    &    LAMBERT, 

Manufacturers  and  Sole  Proprietors. 


Factory,  145  Natoma  street, 
Depot,  320  Jackson  street, 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 
3v24-eowr 


MINERS,  ATTENTION! 

MINERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  ARE  HEREBY 
cautioned  against  Making,  Buying,  Selling  or  Usinu, 
what  is  known  as  R.  R.  &  J.  CRAIG'S  NE\V  AND  IM- 
PROVED HYDRAULIC  JOINT  OR  NOZZLE,  as  the 
same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  un- 
dersigned secured  by  Letters  Patent  No.  108,658,  dated 
Oct.  25th,  1870,  known  as  Watson's  "  Hydraulic  Cham- 
pion," and  all  parties  participating  in  such  infringe- 
ment will  be  rigorously  prosecuted. 

THOMAS  WATSON, 
Proprietor  of  Watson's  Hydraulic  Champion. 

Dated  Nevada  City,  Jan.  2d.  1872. 2v24-lm 

WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAG-E    SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  stre<t,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted, 

3v24-3m 


ACTIVE  MEN! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publisb- 
ot  ere  the  SCIENTIFIC  PRESS  and  the  PACIFIC  BU- 
BAL PBES8,  No.  411  Clay  street,  S.  F. 


Huntington's   Improved   Shingle   Machine. 

r.VrjGWTEI}    DECEMBEB    T ,    1870. 


.'   3 


z 

H 

"1 

B 

Q 

t> 

W 

<) 

u, 

a 
5 

h 

< 

s 

These  Machines  are  in  use  at  the  Mills  owned  by  the  following  parties:    Macpherson  &  WetheTbee,  ! 
Francisco;    Pope  &  Talbot,  San  Francisco;   Hanson  &  Co.,  Redwood  City;    Rice  &  Haliburton,  Woodside;    S.  1 
Pharis,  Woodside;  Harrington  &  Co.,  Pescadero;  Burch  &  Co.,  Pescadero;  A.  Saunders,  Point  Arena. 

Steam  Engines,  Sawmills,  Planing,  Lath  and  Picket  Machines,  etc.,  made  to  order,  at  short  notice. 
3v24-lam-6m  F.  A.  HUNTINGTON.  18  and  20  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


NATHAN    &    DREYFUS' 

PATENT    SELF -OILERS 

And    Cylinder    Cups 

Save  from  75  to  95  per  cent,  of  Oil.  No  better  investment  for  the  amount 
can  be  made  by  any  person  having  machinery  or  running  shafting.  They 
are  so  well  known  as  to  need  no  description.  All  the  trouble  of  "oiling  up" 
is  avoided.  There  is  ne  waste  of  oU,  and  no  cans  are  needed.  A  single  trial 
will  prove  their  value. 

We  will  put  them  into  any  mill,  and  if  not  perfectly  satisfactory,  they 
may  be  returned  at  our  expense,  and  the  price  will  be  refunded.  We  havea 
large  stock  on  hand,  of  all  sizes,  adapted  to  all  descriptions  of  boxes. 

Send  for  Price  List  and  Circular. 

BERRY    &    PLACE, 
lv24-eow-tf  112  California  Street,  San  Francisoo. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 

GIANT    POWDER,  A.   NO.    S    GIANT    POWDER., 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BANK     BLA.8TIXG,      COAL      1HI1VES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROOK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 
Frlce.    SO   Cents   per    Found. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.    210  Front  Street. 


N".  W.  SPAXTLDIlfG, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTURER   OF 

SPAXJLDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


W.  T.  GARRATT  &  CO 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  All  union  and  Fremont  Street*, 

MANtTFACTUBEBS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Meta) 

C  A8TING8, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN    AND        „  A  N  I>     BELLS,    00X4*8, 

FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND   LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  -Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished  with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

(^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP 
PER  and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GABBATT,  JAMES  TTTT.T.MAN,  W.  T,  LITTLE. 


Hubbard,    Lippincott,    Bakewell  &    Co. 


RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  HOTTER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 


MAGAZINES. 

Harper's 

Atlantic 

Godey 

New  Vork Ledger... 

Blackwood- 

Hoars  at  Home 

Good  Words 

Peterson's 

Arthur     

Lady's  Friend 

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Chimney  Corner.... 

Literary  Album 

London  Society 

All  the  Year  Round 
London  111.  News... 


3  00 

5  00 

[6  00 
15  00 


W.  E.  LOONIIS, 
News  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

SUPPLIES    AT.T. 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THE 

Year,  Month,  or  Number. 


MANUFACTURERS. 

J.  E,  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  axe  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lippencott  <£ 
Tutlle's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  of 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbard  Bro.  &  Co.  and  Lippencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADES. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  will  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest  Market  Prices, 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

8&~  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  addreBB 

HUBBARD,  LIPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
mall-16p-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


To  Inventors   in  the  Pacific 

States. 


The  best,  speediest,  and  surest  method  for  you 
to  obtain  patents,  file  caveats,  or  transact 
any  other  important  business  with  the  Patent 
Office  at  "Washington,  or  with  foreign  coun- 
tries, is  through  the  agency  of  DEWEY  & 
CO.,  PUBLISHERS  OF  THE  SCIENTIFIC 
PRESS,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  an  able,  respon- 

"  sible,  and  long-established  firm,  and  the 
principal  agents  on  this  side  of  the  continent. 
They  refer  to  the  thousands  of  inventors  who 
have  patronized  them,  and  to  all  prominent 
business  men  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  who  are 
more  or  less  familiar  with  their  reputation  as 
straightforward  journalists  and  patent  solicit- 
ors and  counsellors. 

"We  not  only  morereadily  apprehend  the  points 
and  secure  much  more  fully  and  quickly  the 
patents  for  our  home  inventors,  but  with  the 
influence  of  our  carefully  read  and  extensively 
circulated  journals,  we  are  enabled  to  illus- 
trate the  intrinsic  merits  of  their  patents,  and 
secure  a  due  reward  to  the  inventor,  besides 
serving  the  public  who  are  more  ready  to  give 
a  fair  trial,  and  adopt  a  good  thing,  upon 
the  recommendation  of  honest  and  intelligent 
publishers . 

To  Obtain  a  Patent, 

A.  well-constructed  model  is  generally  first  need- 
ed, if  the  invention  can  well  be  thus  illustrated. 
It  must  not  exceed  12  inches  in  length  or 
hight.  "When  practicable,  a  smaller  model  is 
even  more  desirable.  Paint  or  engrave  the 
name  of  the  article,  and  the  name  of  the 
inventor,  and  his  address  upon  it. 

Send  the  model  (by  express  or  other  reliable 
conveyance),  plainly  addressed,  to  "Dewey 
&  Co.,  Scientific  Pbess  Office,  San  Francis- 
co." At  the  same  time,  send  a  full  descrip- 
tion, embodying  all  the  ideas  and  claims  of 
the  inventor  respecting  the  improvement, 
describing  the  various  parts  and  their  opera- 
tions. 

Also  send  $15  currency,  amount  of  first  fee  of 
the  Government.  The  case  will  be  placed  on 
our  regular  file,  the  drawings  executed,  and 
the  documents  made  up,  and  soon  sent  to  the 
inventor  for  signing. 

As  soon  as  signed  and  returned  to  us  with  the 
fees  then  due  us,  it  will  be  sent  straightway 
to  the  Patent  Office  at  "Washngton. 

When  the  invention  consists  of  a  new  article  of 
manufacture,  a  medicine,  or  a  new  composi- 
tion, samples  of  the  separated  ingredients, 
sufficient  to  make  the  experiment  (unless 
they  are  of  a  common  and  well-known  char- 
acter), and  also  of  the  manufactured  article 
itself,  must  be  furnished,  with  full  description 
of  the  entire  preparation. 

For  Processes,  frequently  no  model  or  drawings 
are  necessary.  In  such  case,  the  applicant 
has  only  to  send  us  an  exact  description,  and 
what  is  desirable  to  claim. 

For  designs  no  models  are  necessary.  Dupli- 
cate drawings  are  required,  and  the  specifica- 
tions and  other  papers  should  be  made  up 
with  care  and  accuracy.  In  some  instances  for 
design  patents  two  photographs,  with  the 
negative,  answer  well  instead  of  drawings. 

We  do  not  require  the  personal  attendance  of 
the  inventor,  unless  the  invention  is  one  of 
great  complication.  Usually  the  business 
can  be  well  done  by  correspondence. 

For  filing  a  caveat,  which  affords  the  inventor 
protection  for  one  year,  we  only  require  a 
rough  sketch,  and  a  clear  desciption  of  the 
invention. 

It  will  cost  inventors  less  to  have  their 
business  thoroughly  and  speedily  done 
through  our  agency  than  to  patronize  less  able 
and  responsible  agents. 

For  further  information,  send  a  stamp  for  our 
illustrated  circular,  containing  a  digest  of  Pa- 
teni  Laws,  112  illustrated  mechanical  move- 
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the  eights  and  privileges  of  inventors  and 
patentees,  which  will  be  furnished  post  paid. 
Also  a  copy  of  NEW  PATENT  LAW  of  1870. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 

United  States  and  Foreign  Patent  Agents ,  pub- 
lishers Scientific  Press  and  the  Pacific  Rural 
Press,  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  corner  of 
California  St.,  San  Francisco. 


MINING    BTJEfcEATJ 


Pacific   Coast. 


Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Consulate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Building) ,  Room  32,  Third  floor. 

JJ.  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.JHutchins,  Secretary. 

N.  B. — Application  for  Registry,  t  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary, San  Francisco  office. 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  FranciBco. 

STEIGER  &  BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  making  of 
©nperior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


BY    DEWEY    A    CO. 
Patent   Solicitor** 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  27,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
dumber   4. 


The  Line  of  Steamers  for  Carrying 
Ores  to  Europe. 

The  paragraph  going  tho  rounds  01  the 
press  with  tho  nbovo  caption,  and  which 
we  published,  last  week,  avows  tho  pur- 
pose of  establishing  a  line  of  stoaniers  for 
transporting  ores  containing  the  precious 
metals  from  the  Pacific  Slope  to  Swansea, 
for  treatment.  The  simple  proposition  of 
establishing  a  lino  for  such  a  purpose 
ought  to  arouse  tho  capitalists  of  San 
Francisco  from  their  lethargy  in  regard  to 
the  great,  but  neglected  mineral  resources 
by  which  they  are  surrounded.  Whother 
tho  project  will  bo  accomplished  or  not, 
and,  if  accomplished,  whether  it  will  prove 
profitable  or  not,  is  not  tho  question. 
The  fact  is  patent  that  tho  mining  eye  of 
England  is  upon  our  minoral  wealth — that 
in  England  they  have  better  appreciation 
of  that  wealth  than  we  have  at  home. 

During  the  past  two  years  English 
agents,  familiar  with  the  business  of  met- 
allurgy, have  visited  our  shores  and  dis- 
covered tho  immense  mineral  wealth  which 
lies  dormant  from  our  want  or  knowledge 
how  to  realize.  They  are  prepared  to 
purchase  our  mines  and  our  ores,  and  are 
doing  both.  Ores  shipped  to  England 
may,  and  no  doubt  do,  realize  more  for 
their  owners  than  they  would  if  worked 
upon  the  spot;  yet  none  but  the  richest 
ores  will  warrant  the  cost  of  transporta- 
tion. What  is  to  become  of  the  poor  ores, 
of  which  we  have  an  unlimited  quantity? 
If  we  cannot  treat  the  rich  ores  to 
advantage,  we  certainly  cannot  the  poor. 
There  is  now  more  or  less  ore  which  goes 
to  Europe,  forwarded  at  low  rates,  because 
it  is  taken  in  return  vessels  as  ballast,  that 
would  remain  where  it  was,  were  it  not  for 
this  advantage. 

To  forward  ores  from  Utah,  Montana 
and  Nevada  by  rail  to  New  York,  and  then 
run  a  special  line  of  steamers  to  carry 
them  to  Europe,  as  proposed,  would  be 
an  expensive  business,  and  of  course  none 
but  the  richest  could  be  sent.  If 
there  is  trade  enough  to  supply  a 
line  of  Bteamers  to  Europe,  there  is 
surely  capital  enough  at  the  different 
points  west  of  New  York  to  erect  works  to 
do  the  business,  and  skill  enough  to  make 
it  more  profitable  to  work  the  ores  here. 

In  practical  metallurgy,  the  English  are 
probably  ahead  of  the  world;  while  in  the 
United  States  the  business  is  as  novel  as 
was  that  of  treating  gold-bearing  quartz 
twenty  years  ago,  in  California.  "Why  is 
it  that  the  capitalists  of  the  States  on  the 
Pacific  Slope,  many  of  whom  have  made 
their  fortunes  from  the  mines,  and  who 
still  continue  in  the  business,  do  not  se- 
cure the  aid  of  English  metallurgists  of 
experience  to  instruct  the  thousands  of 
young  men  in  our  midst  who  would  glad- 
ly avail  themselves  of  such  facilities  ? 

Is  there  not  enterprise  and  public  spirit 
among  our  millionaires  to  prompt  them 
to  advance  the  money  necessary  to  secure 
the  greatest  want  of  our  coast — metallurgi- 
cal works  upon  a  scale  worthy  of  the  ob- 
ject in  view?    Such  works  could  be  made 


self  sustaining,  if  not  profitable,  after  they 
were  once  under  way,  whilo  they  could 
bo  made  to  afford  practioal  instruction  to 
those  having  the  intelligence  to  learn,  and 
tho  willingness  to  labor. 

Tho  only  works  of  importance  in  our 
midst  aro  kept  inviolate  from  the  public 
eye,  and  although  it  is  probable  that  tho 
processes  there  used  are  nothing  more 
than  aro  common  in  English  works  of  the 
same  class,  even  the  doubtful  advantage 
of  merely  looking  on  is  denied  us.  There 
must  be  a  reason  for  this,  which  it  is  not 
to  the  advantage  of  tho  proprietors  to  be 
made  known. 

We  suggest  that  immediate  steps  should 
be  taken  to  ascertain  whether  a  staff  of 
practical  -English   metallurgists  cannot  be 


will  have  to  close  our  mouths  for  ever- 
more, and  not  boast  of  enterprise,  skill  in 
working  ores,  capital,  etc  Either  we  are 
mistaken  in  tho  enterprise  of  our  people 
or  that  line  will  have  to  look  to  some 
other  branch  of  business  for  support. 


Track  Car  Brakes. 

We  herewith  givo  an  illustration  of  a 
new  track  and  wheel  brake  combined, 
that  has  been  in  operation  for  several 
months  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  R.  R., 
where  it  is  said  to  have  given  general  satis- 
faction. The  men  that  work  it  every  day 
state  that  they  can  stop  a  train  in  much 
less  time  and  with  greater  ease  than  with 
any  brake  in  use. 

All  the  brakeman  is  required  to  do  is  to 


PATENT    TRACK    CAR     BRAKES. 


secured,  with  the  purpose  of  estab- 
lishing such  works  on  this  coast  as  we 
have  spoken  of  above,  with  the  two-fold 
object — profit  to  promoters,  and  instruction 
for  those  who  need  it — a  very  large  class. 
When  this  is  done  we  shall  have  no  need 
to  even  think  of  shipping  ore,  for  the  ad- 
vantages the  English  possess  in  experience 
will  be  lost  to  them,  while  we  have  that  of 


Brown's  Patent  Lamp. 

being  near  by  the  most  extensive   scope  of 
mineral  country  in  the  world. 

All  ores  shipped  to  Europe  must  be  first- 
class,  and  every  one  familiar  with  mining 
operations,  knows  that  it  takes  a  large 
number  of  tons,  in  the  aggregate,  to  fur- 
nish one  ton  of  sufficient  value  to  pay  for 
shipping  to  Europe.  That  we  could  sup- 
port a  line  of  steamers,  however,  no  one 
doubts,  our  mineral  fields  are  certainly 
broad  enough,  but  our  opinion  is  that 
outside  jDf  an  exceptional  lot,  we  should 
do  the  work  on  this  side  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.     If  this  line  is  established  we 


"  put  on  the  brakes  "  in  the  usual  way. 
The  moment  the  shoes  F,  /,  come  in 
contact  with  the  wheels,  their  friction 
therewith  tilts  the  oscillator,  o,  with  the 
rear  track  shoe  s,  on  the  rail,  retarding 
the  train  to  an  amount  about  double  that 
applied  by  the  man  at  the  wheel.  When 
backing,  the  friction  motion  changing,  the 
oscillator  is  reversed  and  what  was  the 
forward  end  (now  becomes  tho  rear)  is  now 
put  upon  the  rail,  the  same  as  above  de- 
scribed. 

It  is  so  Bimplo  that  it  can  be  applied  to 
any  style  of  track,  by  using  the  same  ap- 
pliances for  working  (by  hand  or  by 
steam)  that  are  found  on  all  cars;  the 
chains,  levers,  wheel-shoes  and  brake- 
beams  being  the  same  as  in  the  ordinary 
brake.  The  only  difference  being  that  in- 
stead of  being  suspended  from  the  truck 
frame,  the  brake-beams  are  hinged  to  a 
bar  oscillating  at  its  center  pin,  P,  said 
bar  or  oscillator  having  shoes,  s,  s,  at 
each  end  flanged  the  same  as  the  wheels, 
for  friction  on  the  track. 

The  brake  is  held  to  the  truck  by  the 
bolt  ipin  P  passing  through  the  frame 
bars,  A,  a,  and  into  a  corresponding  bar 
on  the  inside  of  the  track,  holding  the 
brake  in  its  proper  position,  with  the 
assistance  of  small  springs  for  relieving  it. 
It  will  be  seen  that  the  device  is  a  combi- 
nation of  the  forces  of  the  wheel  and  track 
brake,  and  the  power  thus  augmented  will, 
it  is  claimed,  stop  a  train  in  much  less 
time  than  the  methods  now  in  use,  and 
with  less  pressure  against  the  wheel;  in 
fact,  it  is  desirable  the  wheel  should  have 
a  lively  motion  as  it  imparts  more  f  rictional 
force  to  the  track  brake,  which  latter  be- 
ing in  a  dragging  position  has  no  rigidity, 


but  holds  back  on  a  train  upon  the  correct 
principles  of  a  car  brake. 

The  manufacturers  guarantee  all  they 
claim,  and  will  fit  up  a  train  complete  on 
any  road  in  California,  without  any  de- 
tention to  the  cars,  and,  if  they  do  not 
give  satisfaction,  ask  no  pay,  and  will  re- 
store their  old  brakes  free  of  ooBt.  M.  W. 
Griswold  &  Co.,  104  Chamber  St.,  N.  Y., 
are  the  manufacturers  and  patentees. 

Brown's  Mill,  Mine,  and  Hydraulio 
Lamp. 

Passers  up  Montgomery  street  last  Mon- 
day evening  were  somewhat  astonished  at 
the  sight  of  a  new  and  peculiarly  mounted 
light  in  front  of  our  business  office  on 
Montgomery  street.  The  light  referred  to  is 
the  one  represented  in  the  accompanying 
engraving,  and  is  the  invention  of  C.  B. 
Brown,  Esq.,  of  Placerville,  Cal.  The  ob- 
ject of  the  inventor  in  constructing  this 
lamp  was  to  render  it  available,  more  es- 
pecially for  lighting  up  the  banks  at  night 
in  our  hydraulic  mines,  against  which  the 
miners  are  "piping;"  but  it  can  also  be 
used  in  the  tunnels  and  other  parts  of 
mines  and  in  quartz  mills. 

The  lamp  or  lantern  as  constructed  is 
about  two  feet  in  diameter  across  its  larg- 
est end,  and  somewhat  resembles  in  shape 
the  old-fashioned  coal  scuttle  bonnets 
which  our  grandmothers  used  to  wear. ' 
The  lamp  is  mounted  upon  a  low  trestle 
or  frame,  and  the  whole  can  easily  be 
moved  about  from  place  to  place  as  re- 
quired. The  light  used  is  produced  by  a 
gasoline  burner  on  the  inside  of  the  lan- 
tern, which  is  fed  with  gasoline  from  the 
box  or  fountain  seen  above  it  at  its  rear 
end.  Just  back  of  the  burner  is  a  reflector, 
and  the  entire  inside  of  the  lantern  is  made 
of  a  bright  reflecting  material  so  as  to  em- 
ploy the  light  produced  to  the  very  best 
advantage. 

One  of  these  lamps  when  placed  at  a 
distance  of  200  feet  from  the  bank,  will 
light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet  in 
length  and  100  feet  in  hight,  and  that  to 
a  much  better  advantage  than  any  other 
light  heretofore  tried.  The  expense  of 
maintaining  the  light  will  not  exceed  five 
cents  por  hour,  thus  saving  to  the  miners 
two  or  three  hundred  dollars  per  year  in 
this  one  item  alone. 

Mr.  Brown  holds  letters  patent  covering 
the  invention  and  is  preparing  to  intro- 
duce the  light  in  all  of  the  mining  districts 
in  the  State.  For  further  particulars  ad- 
dress C.  B.  Brown,  Placerville,  Cal. 


Mining  Coepokations. — The  Assembly, 
on  the  23d  inst.,  passed  the  bill  in  relation 
to  mining  corporations  which  we  published 
in  our  issue  of  Jan.  13th,  but  it  has  been 
amended  so  that  a  majority  of  shareholders 
can  call  a  meeting  at  any  time  and  that 
two-thirds  of  the  stock  can  oust  the  Trus- 
tees. Another  amendment  was  added 
which  provided  that  one-third  of  the  share- 
holders may  at  any  time  compel  the  Trus- 
tees by  vote,  to  render  statements  and  ex- 
hibit the  books  of  the  company.  It  now 
goes  to  the  Senate. 


50 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  27, 1872. 


Correspondence. 


Eureka  District,  Nevada. 

Eds.  Press.—  Although  little  writing 
has  been  done  for  this  district,  it  having 
grown  to  its  present  importance  as  a  min- 
ing locality  through  its  gradual  develop- 
ment by  persevering  prospectors,  and 
nothing  like  the  White  Pine  excitement 
has  ever  been  awakened  in  regard  to  it,  yet 
it  may  be  confidently  asserted  that  no 
other  region  has  ever  been  explored  on  the 
Pacific  slope,  which  has  yielded  so  large  a 
return  for  so  small  an  outlay  of  capital  and 
labor,  as  has  the  one  named  in  the  caption 
of  thisj  article.  Extensive  mining  opera- 
tions were  not  commenced  in  Eureka  un- 
til after  the  White  Pine  fever  had  sub- 
sided, and  its  disappointed  victims  had 
begun  to  seek  in  other  localities  the  min- 
eral wealth  they  had  hoped  to  obtain  there. 

The  First  Discoveries 
In  Eureka,  however,  were]  made  in  1865, 
and  a  mining  district  then  organized;  but 
it  was  not  until  the  rush  to  White  Pine 
had  brought  a  great  number  of  adventur- 
ers to  this  part  of  the  State,  that  its  merits 
as  a  field  for  successful  mining  began 
to  be  known.  The  few  prospectors  who 
entered  the  district  in  1865  were  discour- 
aged by  the  "base"  character  of  the  ore  at 
first  encountered;  and,  while  "chloride" 
was  all  the  rage,  and  White  Pine  the  cen- 
ter of  operations,  the  extensive  mining 
ground  of  Eureka,  only  38  miles  to  the 
northwest,  lay  almost  wholly  unoccupied. 
The  failure  to  realize  profitable  returns 
from  the  base  ores  of  White  Pine  caused  a 
scattering  of  prospectors  in  all  directions. 
Many  went  to  Utah,  others  to  Pioche, 
while  a  considerable  number  turned  their 
steps  to  Eureka.  To  these  latter,  and  the 
few  who  remained  from  the  first  discover- 
ies, is  the  present  importance  of  the  dis- 
trict due. 

Smelting  Operations. 
Capital  was  soon  attracted  by  the  num- 
ber and  richness  of  the  mines,  and  in  1870 
the  first  successful  smelting  operations 
were  performed,  with  very  inferior  works. 
But  these  were  supplanted  by  more  efficient 
ones,  until  now  the  furnaces  of  the  Rich- 
mond Consolidated,  Eureka  Consolidated, 
Phcenix,  Jackson,  Buttercup,  and  the  Bos- 
lin  works  are  capable  of  turning  out  im- 
mense quantities  of  metal  from  the  ores  of 
the  district,  which  are  of  easy  reduction 
by  the  smelting  process. 

Eureka  may  challenge  any  other  mining 
district  to  exhibit  a  mineral  deposit  of  the 
extent  and  richness  of 

The  Richmond  Mine, 
Buby  Hill.  Although  the  property  was 
sold  to  an  English  company  for  $750,000, 
the  value  of  the  ore  in  sight  at  the  time 
greatly  exceeded  that  amount,  and  some  of 
the  trustees  of  the  American  company  were 
even  in  favor  of  repudiating  the  act  of 
their  agent  in  making  the  bargain  for  the 
sale  of  the  mine.  The  sale  was  made, 
however,  and  the  mine  and  reduction 
works  transferred,  at  the  figures  named. 
Large  as  this  amount  is,  negotiations  have 
been  pending  for  some  time,  for  a  second 
sale  at  the  enormous  price  of  $2,000,000. 
If  this  amount  should  be  obtained,  it  will 
be  the  largest  ever  paid  for  a  mine  in  the 
United  States. 

Prominent  ^Mines. 
The  Buckeye  and  Champion  mines,  be" 
longing  to  the  Eureka  Consolidated  Com- 
pany, of  San  Prancisco,  are  also  on  Buby 
Hill,  and  are  nearly  of  equal  value  with 
the  Bichmond. 

These,  with  the  Empire,  Lexington, 
Otho,  and  Jenny  Lynch,  belonging  to  the 
Phoenix  Company,  keep  five  furnaces  in 
operation  constantly;  and  the  Bichmond 
and  Phoenix  companies  are  both  about  to 
add  two  new  furnaces  to  their  reduction 
works. 

The  Buttercup  and  Roslin  Works 
Are  at  present  idle;  but  the  former,  with 
the  mines  of  the  company,  have  been  re- 
cently sold,  under  attachment,  to  George 
Hearst,  of  San  Francisco,  and  the  Boslin 
furnace  and  mines  are  bonded  to  a  com- 
pany proposing   to   purchase   them   for 


$250,000.  The  mines  of  the  Boslin  com- 
pany include  the  Hamburg,  Union,  Fanny 
B.,  and  others. 

Mining  Titles. 

A  large  number  of  the  mines  of  lesser 
note  have  been,  and  many  still  are  under 
bond  to  various  individuals  and  companies 
who  propose  to  purchase-  them.  Such  are 
the  General  Lee,  Wide  West,  Bullwhacker, 
Valentine,  Byron,  Excelsior,  Gaslight,  and 
others.  Many  of  the  parties  agreeing  to 
purchase  have  since  declined  to  do  so  un- 
less they  can  derive  title  from  the  United 
States. i&This  is  especially  the  case  with 
English  companies;  and  the  reason  as- 
signed is  the  recent  announcement  of  Com- 
missioner Drummond,  that  only  citizens 
of  the  United  States  can  convey  titles  to 
mines.  Other  parties,  American  as  Swell 
as  English,  now  insist  that  a  patent  shall 
be  obtained  from  the  Government  by  those 
in  possession,  before  a  sale  shall  be  con- 
cluded. This  will  therefore  soon  be  done 
by  the  owners  of  all  our  really  valuable 
mines. 

Orange  Mine  and  Lemon  Mill. 

The  deepest  mine  in  the  district  is  the 
Orange,  which  is  now  being  worked  at  a 
depth  of  300  feet,  with  ore  valued  at  $200 
and  $300  per  ton.  It  is  situated  on  Pros- 
pect Hill,  upon  which  also  are  the  Elise, 
Hamburg,  Union,  Lemon,  and  other  valu- 
able mines.  The  last  named,  belongs  to 
the  Lemon  Mill  and  Mining  Co.,  recently 
incorporated  in  San  Francisco,  whose 
mill  near  the  town  of  Eureka  is  nearly 
completed  and  ready  for  work. 

Mines  on  Prospect  Mountain. 

The  highest  hill  in  the  district,  known 
as  Prospect  Mountain,  which  lifts  its 
Devonian  cliffs  to  an  elevation  of  8,500 
feet,  is  full  of  valuable  mines,  in  a  more 
or  less  forward  state  of  development.  One, 
called  the  Valentine,  already  mentioned, 
was  lately  bonded  at  $25,000;  but  the  bond 
was  allowed  to  fail.  The  mine  has,  how- 
ever, since  been  taken  at  the  figures  named. 
The  Golden  Gate  is  another  valuable 
property,  in  which  large  bodies  of  ore  are 
encountered  within  8  and  15  feet  of  the 
surface.  It  has  a  shaft  down  80  feet,  and 
a  large  quartz  vein,  four  feet  in  width,  has 
just  been  uncovered  at  that  depth.  The 
ore  assays  from  $65  up  to  $125  per  ton. 
The  X.  Y.Z.,  belonging  to  the  South  Eu- 
reka mining  company,  of  San  Francisco, 
is  on  the  same  mountain,  and  is  being  vig- 
orously prospected.  There  is  more  ore 
in  sight  than  can  be  moved  from  the  mine, 
on  account  of  the  present  depth  of  snow 
on  the  mountain.  The  "Fourth  of  July" 
is  another  promising  mine,  owned  by  four 
citizens  of  Carson,  and  having  a  well-de- 
fined vein  of  silver-bearing  quartz,  envel- 
oped in  strata  of  argillaceous  oxide  of 
iron,  white  and  grey  carbonates  of  lead, 
arseniate  of  lead,  etc.  The  ledge  and  ore- 
bearing  strata  are  at  present  five  to  six 
feet  in   width. 

The  Diamond  and  Antelope  mines  are 
also  well  developed,  and  show  large 
bodies  of  ore.  The  Diamond  was  discov- 
ered and  opened  by  two  returned  Arizona 
miners,  one  of  whom  is  upwards  of  70 
years  of  age.  He  is  still  working  upon 
another  location  near  by,  while  the  drifts 
of  snow  upon  the  mountain  side  are  from 
three  to  five  feet  deep.  His  name  is 
Bridge;  and  he  has  a  prospect  of  bridging 
over  25  years  more  of  the  present  century 
with  the  remainder  of  an  active  and  useful 
life.  The  Enterprise  Nos.  1  and  2,  are  also 
valuable  properties. 

One  peculiarity  of  all  the 
Ores  of  Eureka 
Consists  in  the  large  percentage  of  gold 
which  they  contain,  and  which,  for  lack  of 
mills,  has  been  suffered  to  run  off  in  the 
slag  of  the  furnaces,  to  a  very  wasteful  de- 
gree. The  construction  and  operation 
of  the  Lemon  Mill,  and  of  that  at  Pinto, 
8  miles  distant,  will  remove  this  difficulty 
in  part;  $80,  and  sometimes  $100  in  gold, 
is  the  yield  from  a  ton  of  ore.  The 
same  ore  will  frequently  work  up  to  an  es- 
say of  $150  and  $200  in  silver,  and  con- 
tains but  a  comparatively  small  percent- 
age of  lead.  By  roasting  out  the  latter, 
the  ore  is  rendered  extremely  profitable 
for  milling.  The  Pinto  Mill  has  a  roast- 
ing furnace  attached,  and  the  Lemon  Co. 
contemplate  erecting  one  also. 

Milling  and  furnace  ores  exist  togeth- 
er, or  in  close  proximity,  in  the  same 
mines  throughout  Eureka  district.  In 
this  particular  the  mineral  development 
is  wholly  different  from  White  Pine.  In 
the  latter  district  the  base  ores  have  a  range 
of  hill  to  themselves.while  chloride  silver  is 
mostly  confined  to  Treasure  Hill.  Fur- 
thermore, the  gangue  is  also  different. 
For  while  both  free  and  base  ores  in  White 
Pine  seem  to  be  always  indicated  and  in- 
vested by  calc-spar,  with  a  very  small 
showing  of  quartzite,  in  the  mines  of  Eu- 


reka there  is  a  notable  absence  of  the 
spar,  and  a  corresponding  increase  in  the 
size,  and  a  uniformity  in  the  course  of  the 
veins  of  quartz.  In  fact,  the  quartz  is  the 
silver-bearing  rock  of  the  district,  although 
the  investing  coatings  or  strata  of  baser 
ore,  consisting  of  arseniates  _  and  car- 
bonates of  lead,  with  occasional  accretions 
of  galena;  and  the  oxides  of  iron  also  con- 
tain both  silver  and-  gold  in  paying  qaun- 
tities. 

Geology  of  the  District. 

The  mountain  ranges  of  Eastern  Nevada, 
south  of  the  Humboldt  river,  trend  due 
south.  But  those  portions  of  each  range, 
in  which  are  situated  valuable  mineral 
belts,  are  posited  in  a  different  manner.  At 
least,  this  is  the  case  with  White  Pine  and 
Eureka  Districts.  For  the  hills  comprised 
in  these  two  ore-belts,  lying  respectively 
in  the  Buby  and  Diamond  ranges,  form 
an  acute  angle  with  those  ranges,  with  a 
course  or  bearing  northwest  and  southeast. 
And  the  veins  of  ore-bearing  rock,  with 
their  accompanying  strata,  have  a  strike 
corresponding  to  the  same  direction.  It 
would  appear  from  this,  that  these  mineral 
belts  are  of  a  later  date  in  their  formation 
and  upheaval  than  other  portions  of  the 
ranges  in  which  they  lie.  They  seem  like 
immense  dikes,  intruded  into  and  dividing 
these  ranges  into  several  parts. 

The  entire  length  and  breadth  of  the 
Eureka  belt  is  an  enormous  network  of 
quartz  veins,  imbedded  in  strata  of  earthy 
and  base  minerals,  the  whole  inclosed  in 
limestone  and  calcareous  shale.  Wher- 
ever an  opening  has  been  made,  upon  in- 
dications of  ore,  either  in  the  shale  or 
limestone,  and  the  exploration  continued 
to  a  suitable  doplh,  quartz  has  been  inva- 
riably uncovered.  The  veins  dip  in  all 
directions,  according  to  their  situation  and 
with  every  possible  slope  to  the  horizon. 
But  their  course  is  always  northwest  and 
southeast.  The  depth,  length,  and  breadth 
of  the  strata,  bearing  the  earthy  ores  sur- 
rounding the  veins,  vary  in  the  different 
openings.  In  the  Bichmond,  Buckeye, 
Champion,  Tip-top'  Marcellina  and  others 
upon  Buby  Hill,  they  appear  in  immense 
deposits  or  fields,  hundreds  of  feet  in  ex- 
tent, and  thousands  of  tons  have  been  ex- 
tracted therefrom,  and  reduced  to  the 
metallic  state  by  smelting.  As  many  tons 
of  the  silver-bearing  quartz  remain  to  be 
reduced  by  the  mills.  In  the  General 
Lee,  Lexington,  Empire,  Wide  West, 
Newport,  Meredith  and  others  upon  Em- 
pire and  Adams  Hills,  the  quartz  is  mostly 
in  limestone,' the  shalebeing  very  limited  in 
extent.  These  veins  are  composed  of  mill- 
ing rock,  and  the  earthy  strata  are  small. 
In  the  Bullwhacker  series,  with  which  this 
extraordinary  mineral  belt  terminates  on 
the  northwest,  the  Otho,  the  Jenny  Lynch, 
and  the  Bullwhacker,  are  in  an  immense 
bed  of  shale,  and  yield  large  quantities  of 
galena  as  well  as  a  great  deal  of  the  earthy 
ores.  Yet  these  last  named  mines  are  a 
little  more  than  a  mile  distant  from  Em- 
pire and  Adams  Hills,  just  mentioned. 

At  the  southeastern  end,  comprising 
Prospect  Mountain — Buby  Hill  being  sit- 
uated in  the  center  of  the  district — the 
quartz  and  earthy  ores  are  found  together 
in  beds  of  shale  which  alternate  with  cliffs 
of  limestone.  The  shale  is  sometimes 
comminuted  and  cemented  together  very 
compactly  by  the  oxides  and  a  little  clayey 
matter.  Boulders  of  limestone  are  also 
intermixed.  The  presence  of  ore  is  indi- 
cated by  floating  pieces  of  quartz,  accom- 
panied by  the  peroxide  and  protoxide  of 
iron;  also  by  the  dissemination  in  the  sur- 
face soil  of  the  arseniate  of  lead,  which  is 
of  a  brilliant  straw  or  lemon  yellow  color. 
There  is  also  some  galena  found  in  the 
limestone,  as  well  as  antimonial  sulphuret 
of  silver.  But  these  ores  are  more  plenti- 
ful on  the  southeastern  and  southwestern 
end  of  Prospect  Mountain,  comprised  in 
Secret  Canon  and  Spring  Valley  Districts. 
Free  ore  is  also  abundant  in  Secret  Canon, 
with  only  just  enough  base  metal  to  need 
a  chloridizing  roasting.  This  may  be  ob- 
tained at  the  Pinto  Mill,  near  by. 

The  numerous  quartz  veins  and  the  abun 
dance  and  variety  of  the  ores  of  Eureka  and 
neighboring  districts, show  that  the  country 
rock  is  an  older  formation  than  the  do- 
lomite of  White  Pine.  It  is  truely  a  cav- 
ern limestone;  for  immense  caves  have 
been  found  in  the  Orange  and  other 
mines,  the  floors  of  which  were  covered 
to  a  great  depth  with  earthy  ores,  rich  in 
silver.  One  was  barely  entered,  not  ex- 
plored; for  it  seemed  to  have  no  limit  as 
to  sides,  top,  or  bottom.  We  shall  know 
more  of  it  by-and-by,  as  explorations  pro- 
ceed. 

Yieidof  Ores. 

The  results  of  mill  and  furnace  work 
show  that  the  ores  of  all  descriptions 
found  in  Eureka  will  yield  from  $40 
in  silver  up  to  $500  per  ton;  and  from  $10 


to  $80  and  even  $100  in  gold.  A  lot  of  ore 
from  the  Silver  Lick  mine,  having  been 
previously  carefully  assayed  by  sampling, 
and  found  to  contain  at  the  rate  of  $80  per 
ton  in  gold,  was  sent  to  the  Manhattan 
mill,  at  Austin,  to  be  reduced;  but  the  mill 
made  only  return  of  the  silver  obtained 
from  the  ore,  and  ignored  the  go.ld  alto- 
gether. How  much  the  ore  of  the  Corn- 
stock  lode  will  yield  even  $80  in  silver  ? 
Yet  the  mills  on  that  lode  will  work  ore  at 
a  profit  when  it  contains  only  $8  per  ton. 
The  inference  against  the  return  above 
given  is  obvious  enough.  Miners  will  not 
continue  to  send  their  oro  to  custom  mills 
to  be  reduced  at  such  ruinous  rates. 
Climate,  Etc. 
The  climate  of  Eureka  is  not  so  severe 
in  winter  as  that  of  White  Pine.  Only  the 
high  hills  and  northerly  exposed  points 
are  subject  to  deep  snows.  The  town 
itself,  which  is  2,000  feet  lower  than  Trea- 
sure City,  is  at  this  time  entirely  free  from 
snow.  It  lies  in  a  canon  among  low  foot- 
hills, a  short  distance  east  of  Diamond 
valley,  which  is  a  broad  plain  of  20  miles 
or  more  in  width.  Heavy  rains  have  thor- 
oughly soaked  the  plain,  so  that  the  roads 
across  it  are  very  difficult  to  travel  at  this 
time.  Freighting  from  Palisade  is  conse- 
quently very  costly.  All  this  is  changed 
in  the  summer  season,  and  the  ensuing 
summer  will  be  a  brisk  season  for  Eureka 
District.  m. 


Mines  Near  Raderstrarg,  M.  T. 

Eds.  Pkess:— The  Left  Hand  lode  is 
a  true  fissure  vein,  with  a  crevice  aver- 
aging about  20  inches  in  width.  It  crosses 
the  line  of  stratification  at  right  angles, 
dips  70  degrees  to  the  south,  runs  due 
east  and  west,  and  crosses  the  Keating  lode 
at  right  angles  at  a  point  about  250  feet 
from  its  discovery  shaft,  at  a  depth  of  60 
feet. 

The  Left  Hand  lode  is  developed  to  a 
depth  of  150  ft.,  at  which  point  it  shows  a 
2-f  t.  crevice.  Levels  are  being  run  east  and 
west  from  this  point.  The  upper  portion 
of  the  lode  for  200  feet  by  50  feet  deep, 
has  been  stoped  out  and  crushed,  the  ore 
returning  about  $35  per  ton. 
The  Keating  Lode 
Buns  north  and  south  with  the  lines  of 
stratification;  it  pitches  about  70  degrees 
to  the  west.  Keating  &  Blacker  are  run- 
ning about  70  men,  having  levels  run  and 
have  out  about  300  tons  of  rock  and  are 
now  increasing  their  working  force. 

Mr.  Allen  has  put  on  a  new  force  on  the 
Alien  Lode. 
His  six-stamp  mill,  the  only  one  run- 
ning in  camp,  is  crushing  at  the  rate  of 
80  tons  per  week.  Out  of  his  thousand  ton 
dump,  the  quartz  averages  about  $15  per 
ton.  The  Davis  mill  now  being  thoroughly 
overhauled,  will  soon  commence  crushing 
this  quartz. 

Other  Mines. 

TheBica,  Hidden  Treasure,  and  a  score 
of  other  mines  are  being  developed  this 
winter;  they  all  show  free  gold  and  look 
promising.  The  Jaw-bone  lode  near  St. 
Louis,  on  Indian  rCreek,  has  just  made  a 
run  of  fifty  tons  of  ore;  it  yielded  about 
$25  per  ton,  and  was  crushed  at  the  Dia- 
mond Mill.  A  large  mill  will  be  put  up 
here  this  coming  spring  by  the  Clancy  Co. , 
and  a  company  is  being  formed  upon  con- 
solidated interests  on  the  Iron  Clad  lode, 
which  we  understand  will  put  up  a  mill, 
and  steam  hoisting  works  on  their  lode. 

The  new  impetus  in  quartz-mining 
taken  in  connection  with  the  certainty 
of  an  abundance  of  water,  on  account  of 
the  unprecedented  fall  of  snow,  promises 
that  the  coming  season  will  be  one  of 
great  prosperity  in  this  and  adjoining 
camps. w.  c. 

How  to  Select  Pecan  Nuts  foe  Plant- 
ing.— The  Memphis  Farmer,  in  recom- 
mending the  pecan  tree  for  cultivation 
says:  Select  best  Texan  pecans,  largest  and 
thinnest  shells,  and  plant  in  December, 
January,  or  February.  By  transplanting 
carefully  every  two  years  (cut  off  tap  root 
first  year), for  two  or  three  times, they  will 
fruit  in  eight  or  ten  years,  and  when  15  years 
old  will  bear  a  bushel  each;  when  fully  ma- 
tured, one  or  two  barrels  of  the  best, 
worth  generally  $20  to  $30  per  barrel. 
Plant,  say  30  feet  apart,  and  leave  to  your 
children  a  snug  income. 

BisuroTH  in  Saxony. — It  appears  that 
that  country  produces  32,000  lbs.  of  the 
metal  annually,  and  that,  since  bismuth  is 
as  yet  nowhere  produced  in  any  consider- 
able quantity,  Saxony  rules  the  market  of 
this  article. 


January  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


51 


ECHANICAL     ^ROGRESS. 


Titanic  Iron  and  Steel. 

Considerable  attention  was  drawn,  three 
or  four  years  since,  to  tlio  manufacture  of 
a  very  superior  iron  made  from  an 
admixture  of  titanic  iron  ore,  with  other 
more  common  ores  of  iron.  Numerous 
experiments  were  made  in  this  direction 
in  the  production  of  the  mixed  iron  as 
above,  of  iron  from  the  titanic  ore  exclu- 
sively, and  of  a  steel,  the  latter  more  gen- 
erally known  as  "  Bfushet's  Bpeoial  Steel." 
Extensive  works  were  put  up  in  England 
for  tho  manufacture  of  these  superior  qual- 
ities of  iron  and  steel,  but  the  difficulties 
encountered  in  the  reduction  of  the  titanic 
ores  (or  sands  as  they  generally  occur) 
seem  for  a  while  to  have  operated  as  an  ef- 
I  discouragment  to  the  expenditure 
of   money  for  this  purpose  by   capitalists. 

Wo  have  lately,  however,  seen  some  ev- 
idences of  a  renewal  of  efforts  in  this  direc- 
tion, by  a  new  company,  located  at  Shef- 
field. This  movement,  according  to  En- 
gintering,  appears  to  have  resulted  from 
the  successful  persistency  with  which  Mr. 
Atoahet  has  advocated  the  use  of  titanium 
in  the  production  of  high  class  iron  and 
steel.  The  extraordinary  strength  and 
toughness  of  Mr.  Mushct's  titanic  steel  as 
shown  by  Dr.  Fairbairn's  experiments,  was 
the  subject  of  remark  in  these  columns  at 
the  time  of  those  experiments  being  made 
public.  "More  recently"  says  the  journal 
above  named,  "  we  gave  from  personal  ob- 
servation some  particulars  of  the  remarka- 
ble properties  of  Mr.  Mushet's  new  non- 
hardening  special  steel.  Now  that  the 
manufacture  of  these  steels  has  passed  into 
the  hands  of  Messrs.  Samuel  Osborn  and 
Co.,  they  will  doubtless  be  still  more  ex- 
tensively used.  When  speaking  some  time 
ago  of  the  non-hardening  special  steel,  we 
directed  attention  to  its  endurance  when 
used  for  tools  in  machines  driven  at  higher 
speeds  than  usual,  and,  at  the  present  time, 
when  with  the  shorter  hours  of  labor  it  has 
become  more  than  ever  an  object  with  en- 
gineers to  get  as  much  work  out  of  their 
lathes  and  planing  machines  as  they  can  in 
the  shortest  space  of  time,  this  point  is 
worthy  of  notice." 

In  view  of  the  growing  importance  which 
must  soon  attach  to  this  description  of  iron 
ores  by  means  of  its  peculiar  adaptability 
to  the  manufacture  of  steel,  and  its  almost 
entire  freedom  from  sulphur  and  phos- 
phorus, it  may  be  interestingtoknow,  that 
while  English  ironmasters  are  thus  far  al- 
most entirely  dependent  upon  the  distant 
island  of  New  Zealand  for  their  supply, 
they  occur  abundantly  in  the  United  States. 

The  principal  deposits  of  titaniferous 
iron  ores  in  this  country  are  in  Northern 
New  York,  Missouri,  Tennessee,  North 
Carolina,  Virginia,  and  Maryland. 

The  deposits  in  the  northwestern  part 
of  North  Carolina,  owned  or  controlled  by 
a  Philadelphia  company,  have  been  found 
by  a  recent  survey  to  extend  in  almost  a 
continuous  line  for  over  300  miles.  The 
deposits,  which  affects  the  form  of  a  nearly 
vertical  vein,  has  a  thickness  of  from  i  to 
10  ft.  The  per  cent,  of  titanio  acid  varies, 
but  is  about  10  on  an  average.  The  sup- 
ply of  ore  may  be  considered  as  inexhaus- 
tible, and  charcoal  is  abundant  every- 
where. Bituminous  coal-fields  will  be 
soon  reached  by  projected  railroads. 

Titanic  iron  ore  in  the  form  of  sand  is 
found  on  the  ocean  beach  to  the  westward 
of  this  city  (San  Francisco) ,  and  a  com- 
pany was  organized  some  few  years  since 
to  take  up  and  work  this  deposit. 

The  Ikon  Interest  or  the  United 
States — Effect  of  Feee  Trade  Upon  It. 
Kluepfel,  a  German  writer  of  much  dis- 
tinction, and  well  versed  in  the  iron  trade, 
has  written  a  carefully  considered  series 
of  articles  for  a  German  periodical,  in 
which  the  conclusions  arrived  at  are,  that 
if  the  present  tariff  were  done  away,  with 
and  free  trade  substituted;  1st,  the  pro- 
duction of  cheap  pig  metal  of  inferior 
quality  would  be  impossible  east  of  the 
Alleghanies,  owing  to  the  lack  of  cheap 
ores  and  the  cheapness  with  which  the 
metal  could  be  obtained  from  England 
Besides,  the  production  of  malleable  iron 
would  only  be  possible  to  a  slight  extent, 
owing  to  the  cost  of  coal.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  production  of  a  large  amount  of 
foundry  iron,  as  well  as  forge  pig, 
might  be  possible.  The  foundry  iron 
could  be  used  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
the  works,  while  the  forge  pig  could  be 
sold  to  the  Pittsburg,  etc.,  rolling  mills. 
2d,  it  would  be  impossible  to  produce  con- 
siderable amounts  of  pig  metal  in  West- 
ern Pennsylvania,  owing  to  the  lack  of  ore. 
On  the  other  hand    the    production  of 


wrought  iron  and  cast  steel  from  pig  metal 
imported  from  other  places  could  be  done 
on  a  large  scale.  3d.  The  same  conditions 
would  be  true  for  Northern  Ohio  as  for 
Westo  n  Pennsylvania,  while  it  is  probable 
that  a  small  district  exists  in  Southern 
Ohio  where  blast  furnaces  and  rolling 
mills  conld  be  profitably  worked.  4th. 
The  production  of  all  kinds  of  pig  metal 
could  bo  carried  on  profitobly  in  Mulli- 
gan, Wisconsin,  and  tho  other  States  bor- 
dering on  the  Great  Lakes.  0th.  The 
same  is  true  of  Eastern  Missouri. 


^CIENTiFIC    jflgRlX     zs 


Fire-Proof  Buildings. 

The  Providence  Journal  publishes  the 
following  extract  of  a  letter  from  the  Sculp- 
tor Powers  to  a  friend  in  Khode  Island. 
It  furnishes  some  valuable  and  timely  hints 
with  regard  to  the  construction  of  fire- 
proof buildings : — 

But  it  may  be  asked,  "  Is  it  possible  to 
make  a  city  fire-proof?"  I  answer,  yes, 
and  without  any  great  extra  expense.  To 
prove  this,  I  have  only  to  say  that  although 
there  have  been  frequent  fires  in  the  city 
of  Florence  during  the  thirty-four  years 
of  my  residence  in  it,  not  one  house  has 
been  consumed,  except  a  theatre,  and  that 
was  not  entirely  destroyed.  Booms,  full 
of  goods,  have  been  heated  like  ovens  by 
ignited  calicoes,  straw  hats,  etc.,  but  as 
the  floors  above  and  below  were  all  cov- 
ered by  thin  brick  tiles,  the  goods  burned 
without  ventilation.  And  as  there  was  no 
flame,  a  smell  like  that  of  a  coal  pit  soon 
gave  the  alarm,  and  the  fire  was  soon  ex- 
tinguished by  no  other  engine  than  a 
squirt  holding  about  a  gallon,  which  dis- 
charged a  well-directed  stream  through 
some  aperture.  I  once  beheld  some  fire- 
men marching  to  a  fire  in  Florence.  First 
were  three  men  with  picks,  next  four  men 
with  buckets,  then  three  men  with  highly 
polished  brass  squirts  on  their  shoulders ; 
all  marching  with  an  air  of  pomp  and  im- 
portance! The  fire  was  at  the  residence 
of  Mr.  Clevenger,  the  American  sculptor, 
and  had  been  burning  24  hours  on  the  end 
of  a  joist  just  under  his  fire-place.  He  had 
smelt  something  like  a  coal-pit  for  some 
time,  and  at  length  perceived  smoke  rising 
from  the  brick  floor.  On  going  below  he 
found  the  room  full  of  smoke,  and  a  rush- 
bottomed  chair  just  under  the  joist  was 
partially  consumed.  But  the  joist  was 
not  yet  burned  off,  and  why  ?  Because  the 
fire  was  bricked  down.  It  could  not  rise 
and  burst  into  flames. 

The  secret  of  fire-proof  building,  then, 
is  this:  It  must  be  made  impossible  for 
the  flames  to  pass  through  the  floors  or  up 
the  stairway.  If  you  will  have  wood  floors 
and  stairs,  lay  a  flooring  of  the  thickest 
sheet-iron  over  the  joists,  and  your  wood 
upon  that;  and  sheath  the  stairs  with  the 
same  material.  A  floor  will  not  burn  with- 
out a  supply  of  air  under  it.  Throw  a  dry 
board  upon  a  perfectly  flat  pavement  and 
kindle  it  as  it  lies  if  you  can.  You  may 
make  a  fire  upon  it  and  in  time  consume 
it,  but  it  will  require  a  long  time.  Pre- 
vent drafts,  and  though  there  will  still  be 
fires,  no  houses  will  be  consumed.  The 
combustion  will  go  on  so  slowly  that  dis- 
covery is  certain  in  time  to  prevent  any 
great  calamity.  But  the  roofs,  how  about 
them?  Slate  or  tiles?  Zinc  melts  too 
easily.  I  believe  that  hard-burned  tiles, 
if  flat,  would  stand  the  frost  at  home;  and 
if  so,  they  constitute  the  best  roofing.  My 
house  has  no  joists.  All  the  floors  are  of 
tiles  resting  on  arches.  One  of  these  arches 
was  made  over  a  room  twenty-five  feet 
square,  by  four  men  in  four  days.  The 
brick  are  about  one  and  one-half  inches 
thick,  and  laid  edgewise,  with  plaster  of 
Paris.  There  was  no  framework  prepared 
to  lay  them  on  unless  you  would  so  term 
four  bits  of  wood  which  a  man  could  carry 
under  his  arm.  And  yet  this  arch  is  so 
strong  as  to  be  perfectly  safe  with  a  large 
dancing  party  on  it.  I  never  have  heard- 
of  one  of  those  floors  falling,  and  they  are 
absolutely  fire-proof.  Of  course  light 
arches  like  these  would  not  do  for  ware- 
houses. It  would  pay,  I  think,  to  send 
out  here  for  an  Italian  brick-mason  who 
knows  how  to  build  these  thin  but  strong 
arches  for  dwelling  houses.  I  know  that 
there  is  a  prejudice  at  home  against  brick 
or  composition  floors.  "Too  cold  in  win- 
ter," it  is  said.  And  so  they  are,  if  bare, 
but  cover  them  with  several  thicknesses  of 
paper  and  then  carpet  them,  and  no  one 
can  discover  the  slighest  difference  be- 
tween their  temperature  and  that  of  wood 
floors.  Who  doubts  this  let  him  try  the 
experiment  with  the  feet  of  the  thermome- 
ter. The  truth  is  that  the  brick  of  com- 
position floor  is  no  colder  in  itself  than 
the  wood — the  thermometer  attests  this — 
but  it  is  a  better  conductor.  I  do  not  in- 
sure my  house,  as  I  know  that  it  is  not 
combustible. 


A  Substitute  for  the  Spectroscope. 

E.  Lommel  has  devised  three  very  sim- 
ple instruments  called  the  erytiiophytvsiope , 
the  erytltroscope,  and  the  melanoscope, 
which  can  be  advantageously  used,  instead 
of  the  spectroscope,  for  the  detection  of 
substances  by  their  colors  and  colored 
flames.  Two  colored  plates  of  cobalt  blue 
and  dark  yellow  oxide  of  iron  glass  are 
laid  upon  each  other,  and,  by  inserting 
them  in  black  pasteboard,  with  a  slit  for 
the  nose,  something  like  a  pair  of  specta- 
cles is  made  of  them.  The  combined 
glasses  are  only  transparent  for  the  ultra 
red,  for  yellow  green,  for  blue  green  and 
blue  rays;  and  they  cut  off  all  other  colors. 
Substances,  known  to  possess  these  colors 
or  to  impart  them  to  the  flame  of  a  spirit 
lamp  or  Bunsen  burner,  can  be  detected  by 
viewing  them  through  Buch  spectacles. 
The  erytltroscope  consists  of  a  cobalt  glass 
and  ruby  glass,  which  only  admits  the  ul- 
tra red,  beyond  Fraunhofer's  line  B,  to 
pass.  The  third  combination,  called  the 
melansocope,  consists  of  a  dark  red  and  clear 
violet  glass  which  only  allows  the  middle 
red  tints  to  pass.  Anyone  who  possesses 
the  facility  of  alternately  using  the  right 
and  left  eye,  could  employ  two  combina- 
tions at  once  and  thus  cover  nearly  the 
whole  length  of  the  spectrum.  For  the 
use  of  students  in  laboatories,  we  should 
think  that  the  simple  arrangement  describ- 
ed above  could  be  frequently  employed 
to  advantage  for  the  detection  and  separa- 
tion of  a  large  class  of  bodies  which  give 
characteristic  colors  to  flames;  and,  by 
practice,  the  learner  would  soon  be  able 
to  assign  the  true  position  to  each  color 
nearly  as  well  as  if  he  used  the  scale  usu- 
ally attached  to  the  spectroscope. 

Olive  Oil  as  a  Purifier  of  Carbonic  Acid. 

In  the  manufacture  of  carbonic  acid  for 
mineral  waters  and  soda  fountains,  in  con- 
sequence of  impurities  in  the  limestone 
employed  for  the  evolution  of  gas,  certain 
disagreeable  empyreumatic  oils  and  offen- 
sively tasting  gases  are  apt  to  go  over;  and, 
unless  separated  in  some  way,  they  will 
impart  an  unpleaant  flavor  to  the  mineral 
water.  To  obviate  this  difficulty,  E. 
Pfeiffer  suggests  saturating  pumice  stone 
with  olive  oil,  and  passing  the  gases 
through  it  in  the  usual  way.  The  oil  ab- 
sorbs the  bad  gases,  and  can  be  regenera- 
ted for  subsequent  use  by  heating  it  to 
expel  the  absorbed  impurities.  After  be- 
coming quite  impure,  it  is  still  suitable 
for  the  manufacture  of  blacking  or  for  ap- 
plicaton  as  a  lubricator.  It  is  said  that 
Mallett  employed  this  method  to  absorb 
the  hydrocarbon  products  in  his  process 
of  obtaining  ammonia  directly  from  coal  tar. 
As  much  of  our  limestone  contains  organic 
matter,  which  gives  a  peculiar  smell  to 
carbonic  acid  made  from  it,  this  method 
of  purifying  the  gas  by  passing  it  through 
olive  oil  is  worthy  of  trial. 

To  Deodorize  Kerosene  Oil.  —  The 
odor  of  a  substance  is  in  most  cases  adhe- 
rent, like  color  or  any  other  physical  prop- 
erty, and  not  accidental  or  extraneous. 
Where,  as  in  the  case  of  kerosene  oil  or 
the  lighter  petroleum  naphthas,  the  sub- 
stance is  a  mixture  of  many  constituents, 
it  is  difficult  to  decide  which  of  them  is 
the  objectionable  one,  and  so  long  as  this 
has  not  been  determined,  we  can  devise  no 
rules  for  getting  rid  of  it,  or  for  destroy- 
ing it  in  any  other  way.  Practically, 
therefore,  we  are  unable  to  deodorize  the 
products,  and  especially  the  lighter  ones 
of  the  distillation  of  petroleum;  but  we 
may  conceal  them  in  the  same  way  as  for- 
merly the  disagreeable  odors  incidental  to 
sick  rooms  and  even  to  ordinary  apartments 
were  hidden  by  the  liberal  use  of  strong 
smelling  liquids  or  the  fumes  of  incense. 
The  best  adapted  fluid  for  this  purpose  is, 
perhaps,  the  artificial  oil  of  bitter  almonds 
or  mirbane  oil;  a  little  of  it  will  go  a  great 
way  in  disguising  the  odor  of  petroleum 
effectually,  and  as  it  has  a  very  high  boiling 
point,  it  will  accomplish  its  purpose  most 
durably. — Druggist's  Circular. 

Separating  Ftbees. — In  a  recent  num- 
ber of  the  Moniteur  Scientijique  a  paper  was 
contributed  by  Dr.  E.  Kopp,  on  the 
"Means  of  Detecting  and  Separating  Silk, 
Wool,  and  Vegetable  Fibres  from  each 
other"  by  hydrochloric  acid.  The  prac- 
tical bearing  of  this  discovery  was  exempli- 
fied by  the  immersion  of  several  so-called 
pure  silk  ribbons  and  other  fabrics  in  the 
acid,  when  the  silk  was  dissolved,  leaving 
the  adulterated  material  intact.  Somewhat 
similar  experiments  were  made  last  year 
by  Mr.  John  Spiller. 


Recent  Progress  in  Chemistry. 

I  wonder  what  Sir  Humphrey  Davy 
would  have  said  to  any  one  who  talked 
about  stellar  chemistry.  That  great  man, 
in  ridiculing  the  idea  of  lighting  London 
with  gas,  triumphantly  asked  the  fanatics 
who  proposed  such  a  wild  scheme,  whether 
the  dome  of  St.  Paul's  was  to  be  the  gas- 
ometer? Yet  we  cannot  imagine  Kegent 
street  illuminated,  or  rather  darkened, 
with  dips  again,  and  to  us  stellar  chemis- 
try has  a  real  meaning.  Who  will  venture 
to  bound  a  science  which  reaches  far  away 
through  space,  and  with  unerring  accu- 
racy tells  us  the  composition  of  distant 
worlds  and  distant  suns?  What  can  be 
more  humiliating  to  our  small  intelligences 
than  the  reflection  that  a  distant  star  will 
photograph  its  spectrum  on  a  sensitive 
surface  with  the  ray  of  light  that  left  it 
when  the  oldest  man  in  this  room  was  a 
boy  ?  What  would  the  great  father  of  Brit- 
ish chemisty  have  said,  had  he  stood  in  the 
lecture  room  of  the  Boyal  Institution, 
where  his  great  discoveries  were  made,  and 
seen  tho  burning  hydrogen  extracted  by 
our  great  countryman  Graham,  from  a 
meteorite,  the  heat  and  light  of  another 
world;  or  could  he  look  with  Lockyer  on 
the  burning  flames  of  hydrogen,  which 
dart  up  from  the  sun  to  a  bight  of  50,000 
miles,  or  could  he  read  the  flashing  tele- 
grams which  run  so  rapidly  round  our 
world,  that  all  our  notions  of  time  are 
completely  upset,  and  we  actually  receive 
intelligence  to-day  which  was  sent  to-mor- 
row? Excuse  the  apparent  absurdity;  it 
only  shows  how  powerless  language  is  to 
keep  up  with  human  progress.  Had  he 
lived  with  us,  he  would  have  seen  a  large 
city  dependent  entirely  for  its  communica- 
tion with  the  outer  world  by  a  marvellous 
kind  of  photography,  so  minute  that  it  en- 
abled a  pigeon  to  carry  a  proof  sheet  of 
the  Times  under  its  wing.—  E.  C.  C.  Stan- 
ford. 

Determination  of  Sulphur  and  Phospho- 
rus in  Iron. — The  presence  of  the  least  trace 
of  phosphorus  and  sulphur  in  iron  will  de- 
stroy it  for  many  purposes,  and  a  correct 
and  easy  way  of  detecting  these  substances 
is  therefore  of  importance.  K.  Meineke  dis- 
solves the  finely  pulverized  iron  in  chloride 
of  copper,  separates  the  reduced  copper  by 
treatment  with  an  excess  of  chloride  of  cop- 
per and  common  salt,  filters  through  a  lay  er 
of  asbestos,  brings  the  insoluble  portion  ad- 
her  ing  to  the  asbestos  into  a  breaker  glass 
and  oxidizes  by  strong  nitric  acid  and  chlo- 
rate of  potash;  then  he  evaporates  with  hy- 
drochloric acid  and  determines  the  sulphur 
by  baryta,  as  sulphate,  and  the  phosphorus 
by  molybdic  acid  in  the  usual  way.  The 
novelty  of  this  method  is  in  the  substitu- 
tion of  chloride  of  copper  for  the  chloride 
of  iron  employed  by  other  chemists,  and 
its  advantages  are  said  to  be  in  the  greater 
facility  with  which  the  various  liquids  and 
solutions  can  be  filtered.  It  also  yields 
more  accurate  results  than  the  former 
methods. 


A  New  Liquid  Fire. — Guyot  says  that 
when  bromine  and  flowers  of  sulphur  in 
excess  are  mixed  together  in  a  close  ves- 
sel, and  filtered  through  asbestos,  a  red- 
dish, oily  fuming  liquid,  hyposulphurous 
bromide,  SBr  2,  is  obtained.  When  treated 
with  ammonia,  it  soon  begins  to  boil  vio- 
lently,evolving  copious  white  thick  fumes. 
The  same  action  takes  plaoe  when  the  bro- 
mide is  mixed  with  carbon  disulphide,  but 
the  heat  evolved  is  not  sufficient  to  in- 
flame the  CS2,  unless  a  fragment  of  phos- 
phorous be  previously  dissolved  in  it.  A 
liquid  made  of  this  mixture,  and  contain- 
ing phosphorus,  the  author  proposes  to 
call  "the  new  Lorraine  fire."  Bectified 
petroleum  may  be  substitutec1  for  the  di- 
sulphide. 

Magnetism. — A.  Casin,  after  describing 
a  new  method  of  measuring  magnetism, 
(the  method  not  given  in  the  journal  before 
us  ) ,  gives  the  following  law  for  the  mag- 
netism of  electro-magnets:  "When  the 
core  of  iron  fills  exactly  the  coil  of  an 
electro  magnet,  the  quantity  of  magnetism 
is  independent  of  those  parts  of  the  core 
which  are  beyond  this  coil." 

A  New  Process. — Corntes  Rendus  con- 
tains a  posthumous  paper  by  E.  L.  Bivot, 
for  a  new  process  for  treating  gold  and 
silver  ores,  the  main  feature  of  which 
consists  in  causing  the  steam  to  act  at  a 
high  temperature  on  the  mineral  sul- 
phides. 

Cleaning  Glass  Vessels,  which  have 
contained  petroleum,  may  be  effected  by 
milk  of  lime,  which  forms  an  emulsion 
with  petroleum,  and  by  chloride  of  lime, 
which  destroys  the  smell. 


52 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  27, 1872. 


TNING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Acacia. — Alpine  Chronicle,  Jan.  13:  The 
Exchequer  Co.  are  running  on  with  the 
old  Acacia  tunnel,  to  strike  the  140-ft. 
level  of  the  Exchequer  mine.  This  -will 
drain  the  mine  and  enable  the  Co.  to  run 
out  their  ore  more  expeditiously. 

Monitok  Mill. — Monitor  Miner,  Jan. 
13:  This  mill  will  be  ready  and  go  to  crush- 
ing quartz  on  Monday  next. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 
Deytown. — Amador  Ledger,  Jan.  20:  The 
new  discovery  made  by  D.  Worley,  looks 
remarkably  well  and  gives  flattering  evi- 
dence of  future  value.  Other  strikes  have 
been  made  in  the  vicinity  that  bid  fair  to 
prove  valuable  and  lasting. 

Preparations  are  being  made  to  resume 
work  on  a  number  of  quartz  lodes  in  the 
neighborhood. 

BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Golden  Bah. — Butte  Record,  Jan  13: 
On  the  10th  inst.  the  Supt.  of  the  Spring 
Valley  M.  Co.,  of  Cherokee,  brought  down 
a  bar  of  bullion  weighing  $8,600. 

The  Miners  are  all  busy  at  Cherokee, 
the  storms  having  supplied  every  ravine 
with  a  sluice  head  of  water. 

CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

Discoveky. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  Jan. 
20:  On  Saturday  of  last  week  F.  Barney, 
of  Mosquito  Gulch  discovered  a  very 
promising  quartz  ledge  near  that  town. 
The  lead  shows  over  3  ft.  wide  on  the  sur- 
face and  the  rock  prospects  handsomely. 
Work  is  to  be  commenced  immediately. 

Petticoat. — Exceedingly  rich  rock  has 
recently  been  struck  in  the  Petticoat  mine 
at  Railroad  Plat.  The  sinking  of  the  shaft- 
to  a  depth  of  350  ft.  was  completed  some- 
time since  and  a  level  commenced.  A 
large,  well  defined  lead  was  developed, 
but  the  rock  contained  no  gold.  One  day 
this  week,  the  explosion  of  a  blast  dis- 
closed quartz  in  which  free  gold  is  plainly 
visible. 

Zacetaea  Mine. — Work  will  shortly  be 
resumed  upon  the  Zacetara  mine  near 
AYest  Point,  idle  for  2  years. 

Good  Hope. — A  level  has  been  run  30 
ft.  on  the  pay  chimney  without  getting 
through  it.  The  ledge  is  3%  ft.  wide  and 
all  the  rock  contains  gold.  Ashbury  & 
Smith,  have  made  arrangements  to  have 
100  tons  of  quartz  crushed  in  the  old  Vance 
mill. 

Geavel  Mining. — At  the  What  Cheer 
mine,  work  is  being  pushed  forward  vigor- 
ously with  satisfactory  results.  The  in- 
cline, with  its  connecting  level,  is  about 
700  ft.  in  length,  in  addition  to  whieh  a 
number  of  "drifts"  have  been  run  across 
the  channel  at  various  points.  The  gravel 
looks  well  and  prospects  good. 

In  Shaw's  great  hydraulic  claim  opera- 
tions have  not  been  commenced  in  earnest 
yet,  but  quite  a  number  of  hands  are  en- 
gaged ground  sluicing.  Next  Monday 
water  will  be  turned  on  through  the  pipe. 

Brackett  &  Co.  are  taking  out  gravel  of 
unprecedented  richness.  The  yield  of  the 
mine  for  the  past  2  weeks  was  $1,000 — a 
net  profit  of  over  $(300.  The  claim  is 
worked  through  a  tunnel,  the  gravel  ob- 
tained being  crushed  in  a  5-stamp  battery. 
Fifteen  men  are  constantly  employed  and 
work  is  pushed  ahead  with  vigor.  A  little 
further  up  the  gulch  we  encountered  the 
tunnel  claim  of  Bates  &  Co.  These  gen- 
tlemen have  been  "off  the  lead"  for  some 
time  past  and  suffered  considerable  incon- 
venience from  water;  recently,  however, 
they  have  succeeded  in  getting  rid  of  their 
aqueous  difficulties,  "struck  it"  again  and 
are  taking  out  pay  gravel. 

In  Corral  Plat  Champion  &  Co.  have 
commenced  bailing  out  the  water  that 
drove  them  from  their  "diggings"  a  short 
time  since. 

At  Sport  Hill,  Moser  &  Co.'s  hydraulic 
is  in  full  blast  and  doing  good  execution. 

In  the  same  locality  Johnson  &  Co.  are 
busily  engaged  in  their  tunnel  claim  and 
getting  fair  returns. 

Gwin  Mine. — The  water  is  being  taken 
out  from  the  shaft  in  the  lower  mine  and 
it  is  expected  that  the  "Alexander"  battery 
will  be  put  in  motion  next  week. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

New  Blowek. — Inyo  Independent,  Jan. 
13:  The  Swansea  furnace  has  just  been 
fitted  with  a  new  fan  or  blower,  of  in- 
creased size  and  power. 

New  Tunnel. — TheWittekind  boys  have 
started  in  a  new  tunnel,  to  tap  a  large  body 
of  exceedingly  rich  ore,  which  has  been 
opened  below  their  present  working  level. 


It  will  intersect  the  ledge  about  120  ft.   in 
depth  and  be  200  ft.  long. 

Thirty  Stamps.  —The  Eclipse  new  mill 
is  being  run  with  a  full  battery  of  30 
stamps,  with  very  favorable  results. 

MONO  COUNTY. 

Rich  Oee. — Reno  Slate  Journal,  Jan.  20: 
The  Auburn  mill  has  worked  22  tons  of 
ore  for  A.  Mack,  taken  from  one  of  his 
mines  in  Hot  Spring  dist.  which  yielded 
$700  per  ton. 

NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Locations. — Nevada  Transcript,  Jan.  20: 
Grannan  and  others  have  located  800  ft.  of 
Daisy  Hill  ravine,  in  Grass  Valley  dist. , 
from  Sebastopol  Gulch  up  the  ravine  to 
the  road. .  C.  E.  Olney  and  others  have 
located  2,100  ft.  on  a  quartz  ledge,  near 
Frenchman's  Bar,  on  the  South  Tuba  river 
in  Nevada  township. 

RichSttke. — On  Wood's  RavinePhilips 
&  Molar  found  several  quartz  specimens, 
and  among  them  a  piece  worth  $97,  and 
another  worth  $100.  J.  Schmidt  struck  a 
pocket  in  his  father's  ranch  on  the  ravine, 
from  which  he  has  taken  out  $600. 

Biechville.  —  At  Birchville  the  Bed 
Rock  Tunnel  Co.  are  at  work.  This  Co. 
is  running  500  inches  of  water  and  will 
clean  up  in  a  week  or  so. 

Hunt's  Hill. — Every  Co.  is  at  work  in 
the  vicinity  of  Hunt's  Hill  and  every  man 
is  employed. 

Feench  Coeeal. — All  the  Co.'s  at  Kate 
Hays  Flat  and  French  Corral  have  started 
up  and  have  plenty  of  water  and  good 
prospects. 

Commenced  Woek. — We  hear  of  a  gen- 
eralactivity  among  miners  throughout  the 
Co.  In  nearly  every  camp  the  word  is,  all 
our  Co.'s  are  running,  with  plenty  of  water 
and  good  prospects. 

Blue  Tent. — Three  Co.'s  are  at  work  at 
Blue  Tent,  running  a  large  amount  of  wa- 
ter, and  having  a  splendid  prospect. 

San  Juan  Hill. — Co.'s  are  at  work  on 
San  Juan  hill,  just  beyond  the  limits  of 
the  town  of  San  Juan.  Davis  &  Boun  and 
Davis  &  Co.  have  been  washing  sometime; 
and  Denniker  &  Co.  are  fitting  up  for  work 
at  the  lower  end  of  the  hill.  They  are 
building  a  flume  and  will  be  ready  to  com- 
mence work  in  a  week. 

QuakeeHill. — All  the  claims  at  Quaker 
Hill  are  in  splendid  running  order  and 
more  men  employed  than  ever  before. 
Jaeobs  &  Sargent  have  in  operation  4  of 
the  largest  size  monitors  which  are  wash- 
washing  off  the  ground  at  a  very  rapid 
rate. 

Scott's  Flat. — Ashburn  &  Baker,  in 
whose  claims  an  extensive  cave  occured  2 
years  ago,  filling  up  their  diggings,  are 
now  putting  up  a  new  flume  to  avoid 
slides  hereafter.  They  are  engaged  in 
building  a  ditch  to  bring  water  out  of  Cen- 
tral Canon. 

Thos.  Holmes,  whose  operations  were 
stopped  a  short  time  since  by  a  slide  in  his 
claims,  has  started  up  in  a  new  place.  He 
has  rich  ground  and  big  pay.. 

At  Woek. — Gentry  &  Co.  on  Oustomah 
Hill,  have  commenced  washing  in  their 
claim.  They  have  abundance  of  water  and 
a  prospect  for  a  splendid  season. 

The  Manzanita  Claims. — These  claims 
are  being  run  to  their  full  capacity  and 
employment  is  given  to  about  20  men. 

Rich  Rock. — Grass  Valley  Republican, 
Jan.  21:  We  saw  two  pieces  of  rock  from 
the  Seven-Thirty  mine  yesterday.  One 
piece  weighing  15  ounces,  was  estimated 
to  be  worth  $100.  Thirteen  tons  of  rock 
from  their  incline  crushed  at  the  Gold 
Hill  Mill,  yielded  $504. 

Nevada  Quaetz  Ledge. — The  incline  on 
the  Nevada  quartz  ledge  at  Sogg's  mill 
is  down  100  ft.,  and  the  rock  is  good — 
growing  better  as  they  progress  down- 
ward. The  incline  is  down  74  ft.  below 
the  bed  of  Deer  creek. 

New  Yoek  Hill  Mine.  —  We  notice 
some  fine  specimens  of  rock  from  the  New 
York  Hill  mine  at  the  bank  of  A.  Delano. 
The  rock  is  from  the  fourth  level  of  the 
mine,  where  they  have  a  splendid  ledge 
from  IS  inches  to  three  ft.  wide. 

Noeth  Stab. — Grass  Valley  TJn ion,  Jan. 
21:  This  mine  is  doing  well.  The  skim- 
mings from  the  batteries  from  the  6th  of 
Jan.  to  the  18th,  yielded  $7,100. 

Idaho. — The  run  of  the  Idaho  mine  and 
mill  for  the  last  week  was  a  good  one.     In 
the  six  working  days,  with  15  stamps,  gold 
to  the  value  of  .$10,000  was  taken  out. 
PLACER  COUNTY. 

Disooveey. — Placer  Herald,  Jan.  20: 
We  have  been  shown  some  talcose  and 
quartz  rock  taken  from  a  new  and  unex- 
plored vein  not  far  from  here,  which 
shows  sulphurets  and  free  gold  in  plenty. 
The  ledge  is  about  18  inches  wide. 

Eclipse.— This  mine  is  east  of  the  St. 
Patrick  and  south  of  the  Greene,  about  two 
miles  west  of  here,  and  is  generally  known 
as  the  Patterson.     The  main  shaft  is  down 


75  ft. ,  and  60  ft.  from  the  surfaces  a  level 
is  being  run,  from  which  over  50  tons  of 
rock  have  been  taken,  showing  finely  in 
free  gold.  This  rock  will  mill  from  $30 
to  $40  per  ton. 

Gold  Yield. — Auburn  Stars  and  Stripes, 
Jan.  18:  A  few  days  ago  there  was  a 
crushing  at  Pugh's  mill,  of  quartz  from 
the  ledge  of  W.  H.  Puffer  &  Bro.,  on  the 
south  side  of  Auburn  ravine,  a  short  dis- 
tance below  Newcastle.  The  yield  from 
50  tons  of  rock,  just  as  it  came  from  the 
ledge,  was  126  ounces  of  retorted  gold, 
valued  at  $15  per  ounce. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Nice  "Slugs." — Plumas  Herald,  Jan. 
13:  D.  Bushman,  at  work  near  the  head 
of  Blackhawk,  one  day  last  week,  picked 
up  a  piece  weighing  about  six  ounces,  and 
another  worth  about  $17. 
SAN  BERNARDINO  COUNTY. 

Tin  Mine. — Butte  Co.  Record,  Jan.  13: 
N.  W.  Clark,  formerly  a  resident  of  Butte 
Co.,  but  for  the  past  two  years  a  dweller 
in  San  Bernardino  Co.,  has  discovered 
there  a  tin  mine. 

The  mine  shows  a  face  of  33  ft.  in  front, 
and  cut  in  two  places  150  ft.  apart,  a  front 
of  22  ft.     Some  of  the  ore  that  was  tested, 
yielded  from  20  to  40  per  cent,  pure  tin. 
SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — San  Diego  Union,  Jan.  11: 
About  $400  was  taken  up  by  W.  F.  &  Co's. 
Express.  The  mills  have  resumed  work, 
and  large  shipments  may  be  loooked  for 
shortly. 

Julian. — Cor.  same:  Our  four  quartz 
mills  in  Banner  and  this  dist.  have  b  een 
keptcrushingquartz  nearly  all  thetimefor 
the  last  month. 

Wilson  &  Leuzarder's  steam  stamp  mill 
will  soon  be  ready  for  business.  They 
will  commence  work  on  the  Helvetia  mine, 
which  they  have  bought,  and  from  which 
they  will  be  able  to  get  quartz  sufficient 
to  keep  their  mill  running. 

SOLANO  COUNTY. 

Quicksilvee  Mines.  —  Vallejo  Chron- 
icle, Jan.  20:  The  Vallejo  Quicksilver 
Mines,  on  Brownlie's  ranch,  have  received 
considerable  detriment  from  the  late 
storms.  One  of  their  tunnels  which 
has  caved  in  several  places,  and  it  will  be 
impossible  to  get  timbers  upon  the  ground 
to  shore  it  up  at  present.  This  Co.  smelt- 
ed 20  flasks  of  quicksilver  in  their  fur- 
naces last  week  at  one  charge. 

TRINITY    COUNTY. 

Douglas  City. — Cor.  Trinity  Journal, 
Jan.  13:  The  Portuguese  miners  on 
Smith's  Flat  are  all  busy  at  work. 

On  the  western  side  of  Reading's  creek, 
near  its  mouth,  Jesse  is  making  good  use 
of  the  high  water  sluicing  away  his  top 
dirt. 

Still  further  up  Reading's  creek,  Butch- 
er &  Stigger  are  making  fair  wages  on  the 
west  side.  Above,  Butts  &  Abbott  have 
enlarged  and  extended  the  old  "Treat 
Ditch,"  and  are  almost  ready  for  work. 
In  Clement's  Ranch  are  located  the  cele- 
brated claims  of  Smith  &  Wallace. 

On  a  branch  of  Reading's  creek,  Sears 
is  said  to  have  a  good-paying  claim. 


Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

New  Yoek  Canon. — Eureka  Sentinel, 
Jan.  17:  In  the  Golden  Gate  shaft  at  a 
depth  of  80  ft.  a  fine  well  defined  ledge  of 
free  quartz  was  struck  one  day  last  week. 
The  ore  is  strongly  impregnated  with  a 
greenish-colored  chloride  of  sliver,  and  as- 
says on  an  average  about  $125  per  ton. 
Surrounding  the  milling  or  crystallized 
quartz,  which  is  5ft.  in  width,  is  a  mass  of 
decomposed  carbonate  ore  susceptible  of 
easy  reduction  by  the  ordinary  smelting 
process.  A  drift  has  been  cut  along  the 
ledge  for  13  ft. ,  with  constantly  improving 
prospects.  The  Fourth  of  July  mine,  is 
also  improving  in  appearance.  During 
last  week,  at  a  depth  of  75  ft.,  a  splendid 
vein  of  high  grade  ore  was  disclosed,  and 
a  large  amount  of  ore  was  being  brought  to 
the  surface.  Assays  have  been  obtained 
ranging  from  $80  to  $125  per  ton. 

Running  Finely. — The  furnaces  of  the 
Cons.  Co.  are  running  finely,  and  bullion 
is  being  made  at  a  rapid  rate. 

Richmond  Wobks. — The  furnace  in 
course  of  erection  will  soon  be  in  condi- 
tion to  add  their  quota  to  the  already 
large  amount  now  being  produced  there. 

Will  Steam  Up. — The  Lemon  mill  will 
get  up  steam  for  a  trial  run  in  a  few  days. 

Peospecting. — During     the     pleasant 
weather  of  the  last  few  days  the  hills  have 
been  full  of  prospectors. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Ely  Record,  Jan .  18:  W.  F. 
Co.  shipped  since  Jan.  4th  bullion  valued 
at  $165,818.20. 

Yeaely  Shipment. — The  shipment  for 
the  year  is  about  $4,000,000. 


Assayed. — J.  Cahill  during  the  week  as- 
sayed bullion  valued  at  $52,778.06. 

Ely  Dist.— With  only  75  stamps,  our 
shipment  of  bullion  for  the  quarter  ending 
Dec.  31st,  1871,  was  $1,203,542.83. 

Chapman  Mine.— On  Friday  last  we 
visited  this  mine  and  examined  all  of  its 
workings  thoroughly.  The  shaft  is  200  ft. 
deep,  following  the  ledge,  which  is  nearly 
perpendicular  for  that  depth,  and  the  ore 
is  about  18  inches  wide  on  an  average. 
At  the  depth  of  50  ft.  a  drift  was  run  on 
ore,  connecting  the  Chapman  and  Chapman 
No.  2  shafts.  At  the  200  ft.  level  a  drift 
has  been  run  east  along  the  ledge  for  28  ft. 
At  this  point  the  ledge  is  well  defined, 
with  good  walk,  and  the  ore  is  of  high 
grade,  giving  a  pulp  assay  of  $200  per  ton. 
The  ledge,  is  much  wider  at  this  point,  a 
chamber  having  been  opened  which  shows 
the  ore  to  be  fully  4  ft.  in  width.  The 
Supt.  has  commenced  to  grade  for  a  whim, 
which  will  be  erected  at  once.  The  shaft 
is  to  be  newly  timbered. 

Ingomae. — This  mine  is  on  Panaca  Flat, 
northwest  of  the  old  Panaca  location.  A 
fine  vein  of  ore — the  Lightner  ledge — was 
struck  in  the  drift  on  the  14th  inst. 

Rich  Strike. — The  Meadow  Valley  Co. 
struck  a  rich  deposit  and  a  large  one  too, 
in  the  600  ft.  level,  east  of  No.  7  shaft,  on 
Tuesday  night.  The  mine  is  looking  well 
in  every  department,  and  the  large  quan- 
tity of  ore  at  the  mill  and  the  body  struck, 
make  this  mine  a  good  claim  to  invest  in. 
Bullion  Stolen.— On  Thursday  last  3 
bars  of  bullion  were  stolen  from  the  Salt 
Lake  stage  at  Desert  Springs  station, 
while  the  driver  and  passengers  were  in 
the  house  eating  supper.  Two  of  the  bars 
were  found  next  day  about  a  mile  from  the 
station. 

Newton  Booth. — They  are  drifting  for 
the  ledge  from  the  lower  level. 

Page  and  Panaca. — On  the  15lh  inst. 
a  fine  body  of  ore  was  struck  in  the  east 
drift  running  from  the  155  ft.  level.  The 
ledge  is  about  4  ft.  wide,  with  a  pay  streak 
of  about  30  inches. 

The  mines  of  the  dist.  are  steadily  im- 
proving in  character  of  ore  and  extent  of 
deposit  as  the  work  progresses.  The  Cre- 
ole shaft  of  Raymond  &  Ely  mine,  shows  a 
large  ledge  of  very  high  grade  ore.  The 
Burke  mine  looks  well  although  no  ore  is 
being  hoisted  at  present.  The  Lightner 
shaft  iB  steadily  improving  in  every  re- 
spect. The  mill  is  constantly  running  on 
first  class  ore.  The  American  Flag,  Alps, 
Chief  of  the  Hill  and  Meadow  Valley  are 
still  hoisting  the  usual  amount  of  ore. 
Page  and  Panaca,  Newton  Booth,  Lafay- 
ette, Justice,  Silver  Chief  and  Chapman 
mines  are  energetically  at  work  sinking, 
timbering  and  preparing  for  steady  work. 
Alps  is  being  worked  by  a  full  force  of 
men.  The  ledge  is  larger  at  the  lower 
level  than  ever  before,  showing  over  6  ft. 
of  fine  milling  ore.  The  Chicago  mill  is 
now  running  on  ore  from   the  Alps. 

Pacific  Tunnel  No.  4. — This  claim  has 
been  sold  for  a  good  round  sum.  The 
claim  is  directly  west  of  the  Chapman,  is 
a  true  fissure  vein  and  over  2  ft  in  width. 
Two  hundred  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  to- 
gether with  the  showing  along  the  ledge, 
speaks  for  itself.  Sufficient  ore  can  be  ex- 
tracted to  run  a  10  stamp  mill  steadily. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  Slate,  Jan. 
20:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona 
mine,  since  our  last  issue,  was  $5,802. 

Woek  Resumed. — Work  has  recently 
been  resumed  on  some  mines,  several 
miles  south  of  town,  which  were  located 
several  years  ago. 

Dun  Glen.— The  new  mill,  recently 
built  by  Sprague  &  Co.,  at  Dun  Glen,  is  in 
operation,  and  the  machinery  working  en- 
tirely satisfactory. 

Good  News. — Humboldt  Register,  Jan. 
20:  From  Butteville,  Galena  dist.,  we' 
learn  that  the  Nevada  Butte  M.  Co.  are 
going  to  start  up  their  mill,  and  put  a 
large  force  of  miners  to  work  on  the  Butte 
and  Trinity  mines  immediately. 
REESERIVER. 

Mohawk  Mine. — Reese  river  Reveille, 
Jan.  8:  The  following  are  the  returns  from 
the  last  working  of  ore  from  the  Mohawk 
mine  at  the  Manhattan  mill;  3y2  tons — 
first  class— $2,536.92  per  ton;  10%  tons— . 
second  class— $543.52  per  ton;  21  Yt  tons — 
third  class— $194.78  per  ton.  The  whole 
produced  a  net  profit  of  $13,723.45. 

Stetepeldt  Mill. — The  manufacturing 
of  bullion  has  been  suspended  for  a  short 
time  at  the  Stetefeldt  mill  in  Belmont,  ow- 
ing to  the  breakage  of  the  water  jacket  on 
the  furnace. 
WASHOE. 

Belcher  Mine.  —  Virginia   Enterprise, 
Jan.  20:  This  mine  has  never  looked  better  . 
than   at  present.     Throughout  a  length  of 
320  ft.  every  stope,  crosscut  and  opening 
of  any  kind  on  the  great  pay  deposit,  shows 


January  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


53 


magnificent  ore.  The  north  winze  being 
sunk  on  the  1,100  level,  is  down  13j  ft. 
It  descends  at  an  angle  of  40  degrees  and  is 
all  the  way  in  ore  of  exceeding  richness — 
ore  average  assays  of  which  are  from  (ISO 
•i  the  9th  level  Of  the  old  mine, 
whoic  the  ore  body  has  been  cut  throngh, 
the  pay  ground  is  found  to  be  30  ft.  in 
width  and  very  rich. 

Ks'icki:!:i!i»'ki:h  Mine. — Work  is  pro- 
grewing  favorably  on  the  new  Knicker- 
bocker shaft.  It  is  being  substantially 
timbered,  and  is  divided  into  8  compart- 
ments. A  drift  will  be  started  for  the 
ledge  when  the  shaft  shall  havo  attained   a 

:    of  500  ft. 

Sirui  TrvMi..  -The  Sutro  tunnel  is  in 
a  distance  2,687  ft.  Tho  ground  in  tho 
face  of  tho  tunnel  isveiy  hard.  Shaft  No. 
1    is  down    "I   ft.  the   ground  works    well. 

Shaft  No.  2  is  down  To  ft.  tho  ground  is 
fivor.iblo  ami  sumo  water  is  coming  in. 
Shaft  No.  8  is  down  46  ft.  in  very  Imnl 
ground,  as  in  tho  case  in  shaft  No.  4. 
which  is  now  down  14  ft. 

A  LinoE  amount  of  prospecting  is  at 
present  being  done  in  the  Yellow  Jacket 
mino.    Little  ore  is  being  raised. 

BaXiORBB  A*n>  t'nowx  I'oisi  I'.i  M.TON. — 
We  yesterday  saw  upon  the  counter  of  tho 
Bank  of  Cal.  silver  bricks  from  tho  Belcher 
mino  valued  at  850,188.20;  also,  Crown 
Point  bricks  to  the  value  of  $23,34  l.79,mak- 
ingatotal  of  $78,529.99. 

Ovbbuas  Mine. — Tho  new  shaft  of  tho 
Overman  SI.  Co.  is  down  -1-10  ft. 

Jilia  Wise. — Work  is  progressing  fa- 
vorably. Their  main  shaft  is  down  500 
ft.  and  tho  rock  through  which  they  are 
sinking  is  favorable  in  appearance.  When 
their  shaft  shall  have  attained  tho  depth 
of  1. 1011  ft.  they  will  drift  for   their   lead. 

They  expect  to  be  ready  to  drift  in 
about  90  days.  They  have  a  belt  of  vein 
matter  about  '200  ft.  in  width,  in  which  to 
look  for  ore  deposits. 

Danbx  Mine.— Cold  Hill  News,  Jan.  18: 
Work  progress  well,  as  usual,  in  this  mine 
with  fiuo  prospects  ahead.  The  drift  for 
the  ledge  at  the  500  ft.  level  in  100  ft.  from 
the  shaft,  and  the  rook  works  well.  At 
the  400  ft.  level  the  main  drift  cut  the 
ledge  at  270  ft.  from  the  shaft,  and  the 
drift  north  from  it  is  95  ft.,  following  the 
ledge  in  fine  looking  quartz  assaying  from 
$6  to  S10  per  ton.  The  prospeots  for  find- 
ing a  good  body  of  pay  ore  are  better  than 
for  a  long  time. 

Alpha  Mine. — Reno  Stale  Journal,  Jan. 
20:  The  Alpha  M.  Co.  at  Eye  Patch,  have 
just  struck  an  extensive  chamber  of  very 
good  milling  ore  in  their  mine.  It  mills 
$70  per  ton. 

Arizona. 

Minks  and  Mining. — Preseott  Miner,  Jan. 
6th:  The  quartz  miners  of  Yuma  and  Mo- 
have Co.'s  are  busily  engaged,  getting  out 
ore.  Yuma  Co.  will  soon  have  another 
mill,  that  which  Mr.  Borger  is  bringing 
out,  to  work  ore  from  the  Constantia  mine, 
near  Ehrenberg.  The  miners  of  Castle 
Dome  are  still  taking  out  ore  and  shipping 
to  S.  F. 

In  Mohave  Co.,  a  5-stamp  mill  is  being 
run. 

In  Yavapai  Co.,  the  Vulture  Co.'s  40- 
stamp  mill,  near  Wickenburg,  is  still  busy 
freeing  gold  from  its  matrix.  At  Bradshaw 
every  lick  struck  upon  the  Tiger,  and  Lo- 
rena  lodes  exhibits  ore  of  wonderful  rich- 
ness. 

In  Pine  Grove  Dist.,  Jackson,  &  Co., 
have  been  doing  well,  and  have  struck  an 
abundance  of  water  to  run  the  mill  14  hours 
every  day. 

J.  Rush  has  about  made  up  his  mind  to 
place  his  little  mill  ou  the  Hassayampa,  at 
Walnut  Grove,  and  to  workuire  from  the 
Josephine  and  other  lodes,  wliich  we  know 
are  rich  in  free  gold. 

Placer  miners  are  still  making  some- 
thing, on  Lynx  Creek  and  the  Hassayampa. 

The  Benjamin  and  its  "  Bister  "  silver 
lodes,  near  Preseott,  are  growing  better  as 
fast  as  developed. 

Colorado. 

Shipped. — Georgetown  Miner,  Jan  11th: 
Baily  &  Nott  have  shipped  since  our  last 
issue  15  tons  of  smelting  ore  on  account  of 
owners. 

Gen.  F.  J.  Marshall,  of  the  Marshall  S. 
M.  Co.,  sent  forward  last  week,  2  car  loads 
of  smelting  ore  to  Swanzea,  valued  at  about 
$16,750  in  coin. 

Campbell  &  Clark  have  shipped  on  ac- 
count of  owners,  since  our  last  issue  10 
tons  of  rich  smelting  ore. 

Palmer  &  Nichols  have  shipped  since 
our  last  issue,  one  silver  bar,  900  fine, 
valued  at  $1,785.41,  coin. 

The  Stewart  S.  Reducing  Co.  have 
shipped  for  the  week,  4  silver  bricks  valued 
at  $2,744  06  coiu,  and  also  one  lead  bar 
valued  at  $528.17  coin. 

Montezuma. — A  fair  ore  vein  has  been 
struck  in  the  Napoleon,  and  a  great  deal 


of  native  copper  is  found  intermixed  with 
the  ore  and  vein  material.  Work  ou  the 
Silver  Wing  lodo  is  steadily  progressing. 
All  the  machinery  for  mill  of  Boston  S .  M. 
ition,  has  been  transported  from 
Breokenridge  to  St.  Johns.  Tho  mill  of 
the  St.  LawrenceS.  M.  Co.,  amalgamating, 
and  the  mill  of  tho  Boston  S.  M.  A 
tiou  smelting  and  amalgamating,  will  be 
comploted  at  an  early  day  in  the  summer 
of  1872. 

1  i  .n:u.  Orrs  Emitter,  Jan.  3d:  The 
■  ground  of  Harper's  claim  on  the 
California,  300  ft.  from  tho  surface  still 
holds  out,  and  is  producing  a  very  fine 
grade  of  mill  aud  smelting  ore,  2',;  ft.  in 
width.  Mr.  Harper  has  leased  a  claim  to 
A.  M.  Jones,  adjoining  him  on  tho  west, 
and  started  a  drift  last  Tuesday  to  open  up 
this  property.  The  breast  of  the  drift  dis- 
closes a  view  of  the  celebrated  California 
oro  over  2  ft.  in  width. 

Nichols  .v,  Co.  have  leased  and  started 
the  mill  on  tho  Cons.  Grogory  Co.,  it 
Black  Hawk  and  aro  running  it  on  Kent 
Co.  ore. 

'I'm:  Ilolbrook  property,  adjoining  tho 
Uiniine  claim  on  tho  west,  has  been  leased 
to  Anion,  Briggs  &  Co.,  who  have  com- 
menced sinking,  and  are  taking  out  a  very 
fair  grade  of  ore  that  is  paying  from  5  to  6 
ozs.  per  cord.  The  shaft,  129  ft.  in  depth, 
is  well  timbered  and  in  excellent  condition 
for  working.  The  lessees  purpose  sinking 
30  or  40  ft.  deeper,  when  they  will  com- 
mence drifting.  This  will  give  a  stope 
something  over  100  ft.  in  depth. 

Items. — Central  Herald,  Jan.  10th:  Dur- 
ing Dec.  tho  Leavitt  lode  yielded  nearly 
$11,000.  The  crevice  is  from  4  to  6  ft.  in 
width  and  the  ore  is  very  easily  mined. 
Assay  give  from  $100  to  $400  per  ton.  The 
greatest  depth  reached  in  the  miue  is  200 
ft.  B.  S.  Buell  has  just  leased  the  ground 
on  either  side  of  that  worked  by  Mellor. 
There  is  a  very  large  quantity  of  ore  in 
sight,  and  the  prospects  are  that  the  past 
unusual  yield  will  continue  for  a  long  time 
to  come.... The  Kansas  Co.  are  meeting 
with  fair  success  on  the  property  purchas- 
ed of  Hardesty  on  the  Kansas  lode.  Last 
week's  return  gave  a  retort  worth  $1,000. 
. ...Capt.  Philip's  claim   on   the  Jones  is 

paying   well Waterman's  Eureka  20- 

stamp  mill  is  crushing  Sudeberg  ore  for 
N.  Young  &  Co.  and  for  Kenwing  &  Quail, 
their  ore  being  from  a  lode  just  south  of 
the  Gardner,  on  Quartz  hill The  Ste- 
vens 14-stamp  mill  at  Black  Hawk,  is  run- 
ning on  quartz  from  the  Cincinnati,  and 
from  the  Rob.  Emmet.  The  former  is  not 
paying  as  well  as  formerly,  but  the  latter 
has  the  appearance  of  being  very  valuable. 
....  Cave  tfe  Mellor  have  again  came  into 
rich  pay  on  the  Gregory  Second,  and  keep 
5  stamps  employed  at  the  Mellor  &  Borum 
mill.  The  remaining  15  stamps  are  crush- 
ing Leavitt  ore. . .  .Mead's  mill  is  crushing 
ore  from  the  Gunnell,  Burroughs  and  Rod- 
erick Dhu  lodes. 

Idaho. 

Local  Recokd. — Silver  City  Avalanche, 
Jan.  13:  The  North  Oro  Fino  Discovery 
continues  to  yield  25  to  30  tons  per  day — 
which  is  worked  at  the  Owyhee  Co.'s  mill. 
A.  P.  Minear,  is  running  it  in  connection 
with  the  South  Oro  Fino,  belonging  to  the 
Ida  Elmore  Co.  The  latter  mine  is  yield- 
ing about  25  tons  of  ore  daily.  Mr.  Mi- 
near  is  also  working  the  North  Oro  Fino 
Co.'s  ground  through  the  same  shaft,  aud 
has  let  a  contract  to  run  the  3d  level  drift 
in  the  Discovery  claim  to  the  line,  which 
will  break  through  into  the  2d  level  of  the 
North  Oro  Fino,  where  there  is  already  a 
large  body  of  ground  opened. 

The  7th  level  drift  of  the  Ida  Elmore  is 
in  about  40  ft.  on  the  rich  body  of  ore 
lately  discovered  in  that  portion  of  the 
mine.  Some  of  the  ore  will  be  worked  in 
the  Co.'s  mill  next  week.  The  6th  level 
drift,  in  the  same  mine,  is  also  being 
driven  north. 

Stoping  is  actively  going  on  in  the  8th 
level  of  the  Golden  Chariot,  where  the 
vein  is  over  2  ft.  wide  and  the  ore  of  excel- 
lent quality.  Next  week  there  will  be  500 
tons  ready  for  the  mill. 

The  Minnesota  mine  bids  fair  to  be  one 
of  "the  best  mines  in  camp.  Drifts  are 
being  run  both  north  and  south  as  fast  as 
possible  on  a  good  vein  of  ore,  which  is 
easily  worked  in  both  the  mine  and  the 
mill.  Ten  stamps  of  the  Elmore  mill  have 
been  running  on  Minnesota  ore  for  the 
last  2  weeks.  It  pays  about  $60  per  ton 
chiefly. 

The  Mahogany  is  turning  out  richer  ore 
from  its  4th  level  than  was  ever  before 
seen  in  that  mine.  Drifts  are  being  driven 
both  north  and  south'  on  tho  4th  level,  also 
a  winze  from  the  3d  level  down. 

There  is  quite  an  excitement  about  the 
ore  in  the  4th  level  of  the  South  Chariot, 
which  is  very  rich.  The  ore  from  that 
drift  will  be  worked  this  week. 


In  the  War  Eagle  mine  a  winze  is  being 
sunk  from  the  2d  to  the  3d  level,  about  100 
ft.  south  of  tho  shaft  through  a  rioh  ohim- 
ney  of  ore. 

Montana. 

Piiii.Lipsiii-nn. —  Deer  Lodge  Indepen- 
<l-  nt,  .lau.  13:  Brown  .v.  Co.  are  working  11 
men  on  the  Cordova  ledge.  They  have  an 
8-ft.  ledge  of  good  ore.  Tho  St.  Louis  & 
Montana  M.  Co.  have  let  a  contract  to  run 
a  tunnel  to  tho  Camaucho  ledge.  Brown 
A  i  !o.  have  a  body  of  ore  10  ft.  wide  in  the 
Last,  rn  Camanche  that  is  considered  fair 
milling  ore.  Col.  Lyon  him  started  op 
his  furnace  on  Speckled  Trout  ore.  The 
smelter  works  well.  The  ore  smelted  so 
far  pays  $150  per  ton.  Estell  A-  Holland 
have  about  200  tous  of  lirst-cluss  ore  rcaih 
to  haul  to  tho  mill. 

Man  Cheek.—  The  Fry  lodo  V.;  miles 
above  tho  Pioueor  Tannery,  on  Mill  Creek, 
has  been  opened  to  the  depth  of  20  ft.  and 
shows  a  well  defined  lode  of  gold-bearing 
quartz,  from  7  to  11  ft.  thick.  A  large 
quantity  of  oro  has  been  taken  out.  The 
ore  already  milled  has  paid  $15  to  tho  ton. 

J.  How  is  running  the  Oro  Cache  mill, 
Summit  Co. ,  ou  rock  from  the  mine  of  the 
same  name,  with  favorable  results. 

Jeffekson  Mines. — Helena  Gazette,  Jan. 
8:  Bell  &  Co.  are  at  work  on  their  lode, 
tho  "El  Dorado,"  and  have  been  taking  first- 
class  ore  out  oi  both  shaft  and  tunnel,  and 
still  there  is  a  large  body  of  ore  in  sight. 
The  "Minnesota"  is  being  worked  by  the 
owners,  and,  is  considered  to  be  the  best 
lode  in  the  dist.  There  are  quite  a  number 
of  miners  in  camp  prospecting  and  run- 
ning tunnels,  trying  to  tap  lodes  they  have 
discovered  heretofore.  Among  the  latter, 
are  Dr.  Brooks  &  G.  Gregorie,  whose  tun- 
nel, running  to  one  of  their  late  discov- 
eries, bids  fair  for  galena  soon.  J.  Hal- 
ford  is  running  a  tunnel  for  the  "  Self 
Supporter"  with  fair  prospects  of  a  good 
"streak". 

Utah. 

Bullion. — Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Jan.  11  : 
W.  F.  &  Co.  forward  to-day  to  New  York, 
17  bars  from  the  Raymond  <ib  Ely  works, 
worth  $51,134.57.  On  the  16th,  (same 
paper  Jan.  18,)  they  forwarded  to  same 
place  from  Meadow  Valley  works,  7  bars, 
worth  $9,087,81,  and  on  the  18th.  they 
forwarded  4  bars,  316  lbs.,  valued  at  $5,- 
172.89  from  the  Pioche  S.  M.  Co.,  also 
consigned  to  New  York. 

N.  P.  Woods  shipped  from  the  12th  to 
the  15th  of  Jan.,  about  17  car-loads  of  base 
bullion  to  Omaha,  one  car-load  going  to 
Chicago. 

Columbia  Dist. — The  mines  that  are 
being  worked  are  the  Chimney  Corner, 
Gold  Eagle,  Champion,  and  the  Washing- 
ton. 

Chimney  Corner  is  down  on  an  incline 
35  ft.,  showing,  bunches  of  chloride  ore 
which  appears  to  bo  very  rich  in  silver. 

Gold  Eagle  has  been  laying  idle  for 
some  time  owing  to  a  conflict  of  titles. 
The  original  owners  have,  however,  re- 
sumed work  at  their  discovery  shaft  with 
the  view  of  sinking  and  drifting  through 
to  the  Augusta  which  is  about  150  ft.  south 
of  the  original  discovery  of  tho  Golden 
Eagle. 

Champion  Co.  have  tapped  their  ledge 
at  a  depth  of  35  ft.  in  their  tunnel,  expos- 
ing a  large  body  of  gray  carbonate  and  ap- 
parently rich  in  silver. 

The  Washingtons  are  improving  as  work 
progresses. 

A  new  discovery  was  made  last  week  by 
Cox  &  Linton  on  Liberal  Hill,  about  150 
ft.  east  of  the  Champion  mine  and  proba- 
bly the  richest  discovery  in  the  dist.  Very 
little  has  been  done  and  a  large  body  of 
ore  is  in  sight  that  assays  high  in   silver. 

American  Fork — The  Sultana  works  are 
in  a  flourishing  condition.  The  Co.  em-' 
ploy  40  teams  day  and  night  and  are  mak- 
ing a  very  successful  run  on  their  fur- 
naces, having  100  tons  of  bullion  already 
on  hand,  and  coal  enough  to  smelt  200 
more.  The  pre  in  the  mine  ( the  Miller  ) 
seems  to  be  holding  out  well.  A  contract 
has  been  let  for  the  delivery  of  1200  tons. 
East  Canon. —  Cor.  same :  On  the 
north  side  of  this  canon,  about  6%  miles 
from  town,  very  rich  deposits  have  been 
found.  Further  up  the  mountain  and  we 
come  to  the  San  Joaquin  in  50  ft.  Chlor- 
ide Gem,  rich  ore.  Chry3opolis,  down  .60 
ft.  with  rich  ore.  Cricket,  very  rich. 
Lincoln  tunnel,  Sphynx,  Ward  Beecher, 
Silver  Emporium,  etc.,  all  evidently  good 
mines.  The  Mariposa,  Marvin  and  other 
prospects,  all  chloride  ores.  On  Office 
Hill  are  several  good  prospects.  On  Base 
Hill  ( so  called )  are  the  Sevier,  Veloci- 
pedes 1  and  2,  Miner's  Delight,  Silver 
Shield,  Wild  Delirium,  Hidden  Treasure, 
Fairview,  McCullum,  Antelope  and  others 
— all  yielding  good  smelting  ore  and  ap- 
parently heavy  bodies. 


In  Dry  Canon  we  have  the  Fourth  of 
July,  Chicago,  Soverign,  Kearsarge,  Mon- 
itor, Silver  Eagle,  Uncle  John,  Crown 
Point  and  others.  The  foothills  abound 
in  rich  deposits  and  contain  several  good 
leads.  Below  Ophirare  a  number  of  leads 
and  prospects  located  by  the   English  Co. 

The  El  Capitau,  a  mine  on  Chloride 
Hill,  is  promising  well.  It  has  a  vein  of 
oro  16  inches  in  thickness,  which  assays 
on  an  average  $300  per  ton. 

The  Clark  and  Gardener  is  yielding  con- 
siderable ore,  which  is  worth  $180  per 
ton. 

Rioh  discoveries  have  lately  been  made 
on  Shoo  Fly  Hill,  consisting  of  horn  and 
native  silver. 

Arastrasare  doing  well.  One  started  a  few 
days  ago  by  Williams  &  Co.,  works  up  to 
70  per  cent,  of  tho  assay  value  of  the  ore. 
The  Ophir  M.  l&  S.  Co.  will  start  their 
Furnace  again  next  Monday. 

Mr,  Akin  will  have  his  furnace  roady 
by  the  last  of  the  month,  when  it  is  un- 
derstood the  Pioneer  Mill  will  again  steam 
up. 

Coming.— Salt  Lake  Review,  Jan.  18: 
The  machinery  for  the  construction  of  a 
20-stamp  mill,  for  the  Sparrowhawk  M. 
Co.  of  Camp  Lloyd,  is  expected  to  arrive 
within  a  week. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board, 

San  Fhancisco,  January  25,  1872.    • 

Mining  stocks  have  been  unusually  active 
during  the  past  week.  The  San  Francisco 
Stock  Board  will  hereafter  meet  at  10%  a.m. 
instead  of  11  a.m.,  a  change  caused  by  pressure 
of  business.  The  new  stock  of  the  Dauey 
Mining  company  is  ready  for  delivery;  on  sur- 
rendering certificates  holders  will  receive  three 
shares  of  new  issue  for  one  of  old.  From 
January  Oth  to  January  23rd  the  receipts  from 
the  Meadow  Valley  mine  were  $GG,000.  The 
December  receipts  from  the  Original  Hidden 
Treasure  mine,  were  $12,515  from  600  tons  of 
ore. 

The  sum  of  $7,0G0  was  received  here  last 
week  from  the  Succor  mine.  Nearly  700  tons 
of  ore  were  extracted  from  the  Hale  &  Norcross 
miue  last  week.  From  the  Savage,  300  tons 
were  taken,  averaging  $38  per  ton.  For  the 
week  ending  on  the  21st  inst.  1,820  tons  of  ore 
were  taken  from  the  Crown  Point;  assay  value 
$8G,000.  For  the  week  ending  last  Saturday, 
the  North  Star  mine  shipped  $7,050.  On  the 
lGth  inst.  $8,000  were  sent  down  from  the  Min- 
nesota mine,  taken  from  137  tons  of  ore. 

The  Pioclie  West  Extension  company  have 
elected  the  following  Trustees: 

H.  Kozmieusky,  Charles  Forman, .  A.  E. 
Head,  Augustus  J.Bowie,  Jr.,  and  M.  J.  Mc- 
Donald; Spring  Mount  company,  H.  A.  Lyons, 
L.  Maynard,  Thomas  .Hell,  J.  W.  Gashwiler, 
and  C.  D.  O'Snllivau;  Ely  Consolidated  com- 
pany, H.  A.  Lyons,  Ogden  Hoffmar.,  0.  D. 
0 'Sullivan,  M.  Skelly,  H.  Kosmiensky. 

Comparative  Prices — Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.—  S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Jan.  18.   ITiffhext,   Lowest.    Jan.  25.   Ado.   Dec. 


Alpha $26 

Amador — 

Relcher — 

Biu-k^ve 4 

Chollar-Potosi..  45 

Caledonia  17 

Hon-.  Virginia....  27^ 
Crown  Point....  — 

Danoy — 

Eureka  Cons —  2P.J4 

Eureka.., — 

Empiro — 

rjnntil  *  Currv..l2B 
fiolden  Chariot. .  22 
Halo  A  NorcrOBS  170 

Imperial 70 

Ida  Elinoro MH 

Kentuok 165 

Mammnth 60c 

Meadow  Valley..  17M 

Occidental — 

Ophir 60 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.  — 

Overman 43 

Pioche ll!<t 

Raymond  A  Ely.  102 

Savage..    64!8 

Sierra  Nevada...  — 

-ilver  Wave — 

Wash.  Jfc Creole..  5 
Yi'llmv  Jacket...  65'.: 

St.  Patrick — 

Seg.  Belcher .10 


m 


2II5S 

140 
25 

2(10 


S'4 
53 
14^ 


125 

1SK 
165 

62 

15?.! 
160 
60c 

2«« 

m« 

7 
37 
10-* 

92 

59 


48 

24 

6.50 
2« 

■:r, 

18 
130 


205 
MIc 

tin 


so 

ws 

112 
HI'S 
27« 

61JJ 


6« 
1)7 


7 

10 

3 


Latest  Pi-ices— Bid  and  Asked. 


Alpha  Cona 

Amador ziro 

Belchor 595 

Chollar-Potosi..      471;; 
Crown  Point. ...    625 

Danev 2% 

Eureka  Cons. . . ,      24J| 

Eureka 17!$ 

Onlden  Chariot.      14'4 
Gould  A  Curry.     128 
Hale  &  Norcross    180 


BID.  ASKED 
.  2J  23 

.200         260 


•2t  V, 

17  'i 
H'j 


ilim.  ASKED 

Ida  Elmore 15         16 

Imperiali —  — 

Kentuok 200        205 

Meadow  Valley..  17!it       17; 

Ophir 53         54 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas 

Overman 

Savage 

Raymonds  Ely. 
Sierra  Nevada... 
Yellow  Jacket. . 


7« 

mi 


26'i 


7« 
49 
67 

WK'i 
87 


Hoisting  Wokes  Btjbned.- — The  hoisting 
works  of  the  Manhattan  company  on  Gold 
Plat,  near  Nevada  City  were  burned  on  the 
night  of  the  19th  inst.  The  loss  is  about 
83,300;  origin  of  the  fire  not  known.  These 
works  were  built  more  substantially  than 
those  destroyed  by  fire  last  October,  when 
the  loss  was  $25,000.  The  Manhattan  com- 
pany seems  to  be  afflicted  by  fires. 

Total  Bain-Fall.— At  Green's  Ranch,  four 
and  a  half  miles  from  Davisville,  Yolo  county, 
from  Nov.  7th  to  Jan.  10th,  was  24.03  inches. 


54 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  27,  1872. 


Artesian  Wells. 

Important  Results  Obtained  in  Los  Angeles  Co. 

The  remarkable  success  attending  the 
efforts  of  artesian  -well  prospectors,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Santa  Ana,  is  really  astonish- 
ing. Fineflowing  wells  have  been  "struck" 
in  all  portions  of  this  county,  but  an  unu- 
sual number  of  them  seem  to  have  been 
especially  successfully  bored  in  and  around 
Santa  Ana.  The  low  depth  at  which  these 
wells  are  discovered  is  a  matter  of  sur- 
prise. One  would  imagine  there  mast  be 
a  sheet  of  water  covering  an  area  of  many 
miles,  a  few  feet  under  the  surface;  at  all 
events  the  indications  point  that  way,  and 
strengthens  the  supposition,  as  six  wells 
have  been  struck  during  the  last  year,  the 
deepest  of  which  is  the  San  Joaquin  well, 
which  did  not  answer  to  the  "call  of  the 
augur  "  until  a  depth  of  one  hundred  and 
forty  feet  was  reached.  Most  all  of  the 
other  five  wells  commenced  to  flow  at  a 
much  shorter  depth  than  the  San  Joaquin 
well.  A  fine  flow  of  water  was 
obtained  by  Mr.  MeCullough 
on  his  place  last  summer,  at 
the  exceedingly  shallow  depth 
of  twenty-nine  feet;  another 
shallow  well  about  a  half  mile 
from  this  one,  was  struck 
last  spring  by  Mr.  McFadden, 
at  the  low  distance  of  thirty- 
nine  feet  beneath  the  surface. 
So  confident  w;is  Mr.  McFad- 
den of  securing  artesian  water 
that  he  did  not  go  to  the  expense 
of  buying  any  kind  of  well- 
boring  material,  but  construct- 
ed a  simple  boring  instrument, 
after  his  own  notion,  which 
was  auything  but  artistic.  He 
depended  principally  on  luck, 
and  the  irrepressible  presenti- 
ment that  an  entire  sea  of  fresh 
water  laid  a  few  feet  under  the 
ground  in  his  vicinity. 

This  well  throws  a  constant 
stream  of  water,  twenty-one 
inches  in  circumference,  to. an 
elevation  eleven  feet  above  the 
ground.  The  water  is  always 
cold,  and  as  pure  as  crystal. 
Two  and  a  half  miles  from  this 
well  is  auother  that  throws  a 
column  of  water  several  feet 
high.  This  one  was  struck  at 
the  distance  of  ninety-one  and 
a  half  feet,  on  Welche's  ranch. 
Another  well,  from  which  a 
fine  flow  of  water  was  obtained, 
was  opened  with  the  common- 
est instruments,  on  Mr.  Layman's  place, 
and  water  obtained  at  a  distance  of  twenty- 
seven  feet. 

Mr.  "Weigan  entered  into  the  well-bor- 
ing mania  with  considerable  enthusiasm, 
anticipating  that  he  would  strike  water  at 
a  very  short  distance  from  the  top  of  the 
earth;  but  unfortunately  he  did  not  touch 
the  spontaneous  fountain  until  the  earth 
had  been  penetrated  one  hundred  and 
thirty-five  feet.  He  has  all  the  water  he 
wants,  and  some  to  spare  in  ease  of  drouth. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that,  within  a  radius 
of  four  miles,  six  of  Nature's  perpetual 
pumps  are  in  operation,  throwing  up  and 
distributing  at  least  one  million  gallons  of 
water  per  day. 

The  earth  is  bound  to  have  a  certain 
quantity  of  water  that  can  either  be  utilized 
or  saved  for  future  use,  by  catching  the 
water  in  a  reservoir  or  plugging  up  the  ar- 
tesian pipe  and  stopping  the  flow. 

There  are  about  one  hundred  artesian 
wells  throughout  the  county.  Probably  half 
of  them  are  in  good  running  order.  The 
business  made  in  this  line  as  an  assistance 
to  agriculture  in  this  county  is  really 
wonderful.  Three  years  and  a  half  ago 
there  was  not  an  artesian  well  in  the  lower 
country,  and  to-day  we  have  in  this  county 
alone,  enough  of  them  to  redeem  the  coun- 
try from  drouth,  should  that  plague  visit 
us  again. — Los  Angeles  Star. 

Low  Barometer  in  Polar  Regions  and 
in  Cyclones.  —  Observations  show  that 
there  is  a  marked  depression  of  the  barom- 
eter in  the  polar  regions  and  in  the  central 
part  of  cyclones;  but  no  very  satisfactory 
explanation  has  as  yet  been  given  of  the 
cause  of  this  phenomenon.  Reliable  ob- 
servations show  that  there  is  a  depression 
of  more  titan  one  inch  below  the  average  at 
the  equator,  in  that  portion  of  the  Antartic 
region  which  has  been  visited  by  observ- 
ers, and  about  half  as  much  in  the  Arctic 
region.  It  is  also  known  that  during  the 
continuance  of  a  cyclone,  the  barometer 
stands  from  one  to  two  inches  lower  in  the 
central  portion  of  the  same,  than  when  ex- 
posed in  the  exterior  part. 

Learning  makes  life  sweet. 


The  Lightning  Rod  Capitol. 

Since  the  St.  Louis  Fair,  held  in  Oc- 
tober 1871,  has  taken  such  a  conspicuous 
place  among  such  exhibitions,  an  illus- 
tration of  some  of  its  peculiar  displays 
will  be  of  interest.  A  number  of  the 
exhibitors,  in  a  healthy  competition,  spent 
large  sums  of  money  in  placing  their  ar- 
ticles as  conspicuously  before  the  public 
as  possible;  but  perhaps  the  most  exten- 
sive and  liberal  preparations  were  made 
by  Messrs.  Cole  Bros. ,  proprietors  of  the 
Franklin  Lightning  Bod  Works,  723 
South  Seventh  St.,  St.  Louis.  This  en- 
terprising firm,  desiring  to  show  their 
work  to  the  best  advantage,  conceived  the 
idea  of  hitting  upon  a  popular  question 
of  the  day,  and  constructed  a  miniature 
representation  of  the  United  States  Capi- 


was  examined  and  its  topography  commu- 
nicated to  General  Crook.  The  mines 
along  the  route  were  carefully  inspected 
and  a  large  mass  of  information  of  an  in- 
dustrial character  collected.  The  great 
canon  of  the  Colorado  was  ascended  for 
sixty-five  miles  from  its  mouth. 

The  photographer  was  kept  constantly 
employed,  and  has  obtained  views  of  all 
the  prominent  places.  The  San  Diego 
Union  says  that  when  the  results  of  the 
labors  of  the  photographers  are  given  to 
the  public,  a  sensation  will  be  created;  for 
among  the  scenes  he  has  portrayed  by  the 
aid  of  the  camera,  are  some  of  the  most 
grand  and  striking  conceivable. 

The  report  of  the  Mineralogist  on  the 
mining  resources  of  the  Territory  of  Ari- 
zona will  show  that  the  mineral  wealth  of 
that  country  has  not  been  overestimated. 
The  new  silver  mines  recently  discovered 
in  the  Pinal  Mountains  were  examined, 
and  Dr.  Hoffman  gives  it  as  his  opinion 
that  they  are  unequalled  by  any  mines  yet 


'THE     LIGHTNING     ROD     CAPITOL." 


tol,  built  wholly  of  lightning  rods,  and 
inscribed  "The  Capitol  removed  to  St. 
Louis." 

The  hit  was  a  happy  one,  and  the  unique 
structure  was  surrounded  by  thousands  of 
spectators  every  day  of  the  Fair.  The 
building,  of  which  our  cut  is  a  faithful 
representation,  was  45x22  and  was  sur- 
mounted by  a  dome  45  feet  high,  the  whole 
composed  of  lightning  rods  of  various  sizes 
kinds  and  colors,  ingeniously  arranged 
and  combined  as  shown.  More  than 
60,000  feet  of  lightning  rods  entered  into 
its  construction,  jet  black  iron,  bright  cop- 
per, and  white  rods,  being  harmoniously 
blended,to  form  the  walls,  while  a  gorgeous 
display  of  glittering  stars,  gilded  balls  and 
silvered  tops,  ornamented  its  front  and 
dome.  The  total  value  of  materials  used 
was  nearly  $10,000,  and  when  the  sun 
shone  on  this  glittering  mass,  bristling 
with  points  and  other  ornaments,  the  effect 
was  dazzlingly  beautiful  and  challenged 
universal  admiration. 


The  Wheeler  Expedition. 

The  "Wheeler  Exploring  Expedition,  sent 
out  last  spring  to  examine  the  country  be- 
tween the  Pacific  Kailroad  at  Elko  and 
Southeastern  Arizona,  has  completed  its 
labors;  but  the  results  of  the  expedition 
will  not  be  properly  known  until  commu- 
nicated to  the  public  by  the  publication  of 
the  official  report  at  Washington.  We 
have  learned  enough,  however,  to  satisfy 
us  that  a  large  amount  of  valuable  and  in- 
teresting information  has  been  obtained. 

The  expedition  examined  the  topography 
of  a  district  about  seventy-five  miles  wide 
and  six  hundred  long.  Thirteen  main 
topographical  points  were  determined  pre- 
cisely, and  many  minor  points  approxi- 
mately. The  country  from  Elko  to  the 
Colorado  was  found  not  unfavorable  for 
railroad  purposes.  In  Arizona  a  consider- 
able district  occupied  by  hostile  Apaches 


discovered  on  this  continent.  The  expe- 
dition will  undoubtedly  result  in  throwing 
more  light  on  the  history  of  the  mysterious 
Aztec  race.  Many  ruins  never  before  heard 
of,  were  discovered  by  the  explorers,  and 
sketches  and  photographs  of  them  made, 
and  their  surroundings  carefully  noted. 
The  report  of  Lieutenant  Wheeler,  when 
ready,  will  only  be  equalled  by  a  descrip- 
tive book  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Hoffman. 
The  former  will  possess  statistics  and  in- 
formation invaluable  to  the  student,  and 
the  latter  will  be  pleasing  to  the  lover  of 
stories  of  strange  adventure  in  an  almost 
unknown  country. 

Great  Bee  Fight. — The  Jackson  (Tenn.) 
Whig  and  Tribune  of  a  late  date,  relates 
the  following  interesting  account  of  the 
resentment  and  courage  of  the  honey  bee. 
Capt.  Brown,  of  this  city,  recently  robbed 
three  hives,  and  Dr.  West,  a  neighbor, 
robbed  four.  The  bees,  thus  deprived  of 
the  fruits  of  their  labor,  became  furious; 
and  uniting,  making  an  army  of  seven 
hives,  they  invaded  the  premises  of  Mr. 
Horace  Bledsoe,  and  made  a  fierce  attack 
on  five  of  his  hives.  Bledsoe's  bees  were 
taken  by  surprise,  and  although  outnum- 
bered, fought  for  their  homes  with  desper- 
ation. The  battle  lasted  several  hours, 
and  four  of  Bledsoe's  hives  were  literally 
destroyed.  The  invaders  were  finally  re- 
pulsed, after  being  almost  annihilated. 
The  ground  for  yards  around  was  black 
with  dead  bees.  Mr.  Bledsoe,  although  a 
serious  loser,  buried  the  dead  warriors 
with  the  honors  of  war.  Few  of  the  in- 
vaders survived  the  battle,  and  from  out 
of  five  of  the  defending  hives,  four  were 
destroyed.  It  was  the  bloodiest  bee  battle 
on  record,  and  deserves  to  be  handed  down 
to  posterity. 

Grape  Sugar. — The  manufacture  of  this 
substance  in  Germany  in  186S  occupied 
sixty  establishments,  which  produced  in 
that  year  22  million  pounds  of  syrup,  and 
8,800  pounds  of  sugar.  Since  that  time, 
the  industry  has  much  increased,  and  large 
tracts  have  been  applied  to  the  cultivation 
of  potatoes  from  which  the  grape  sugar  is 
manufactured. 


Gold  and  Silver. 

Twenty  years  since,  when  California  gold 
discoveries  had  become  fully  demonstrated, 
a  sort  of  panic  set  in  among  the  govern- 
ments of  Western  Europe,  to  a  lesser  ex- 
tent in  England,  and  more  modified  in  the 
United  States.  The  question  which  pre- 
sented itself  was  the  probable  change  in 
the  value  of  gold  consequent  upon  its  in- 
creased abundance.  It  was  supposed  that, 
both  in  relation  to  silver  and  other  com- 
modities, gold  would  have  a  lower  value; 
that  is,  that  a  perpetual  fixed  income,  like 
an  annuity,  or  a  ground  rent,  would  gradu- 
ally diminish  in  real  value,  so  the  recipient 
of,  say  $1,000  per  annum,  would  gradually 
get  less  and  less  for  the  money  as  its  pur- 
chasing power  diminished.  Most  govern- 
ments appointed  Commissioners  to  inves- 
tigate the  matter.  The  United  States 
passed  the  Mint  bill  of  1852,  which  made 
gold  alone  a  legal  tender.  The  French 
did  the  same;  but  Holland,  under  the  sup- 
position that  if  gold  alone  was 
produced  in  greater  quantities 
it  would  lose  its  relative  value, 
but  that  silver  would  maintain 
its  position,  adhered  to  silver 
alone  as  the  standard  by  which 
permanent  incomes  would  re- 
tain their  purchasing  power. 
It  happened,  however,  that  for 
the  first  ten  years  of  gold  pro- 
duction here,  aided  by  Aus- 
tralia, gold  did  not  much  de- 
teriorate in  value,  and  its  rela- 
tive value  to  silver,  15%  to  1, 
was  not  changed.  In  the  last 
ten  years,  however,  a  change 
has  taken  place,  not  in  respect 
to  silver,  but  in  relation  to 
commodities,  and  the  fact 
shows  itself  in  greatly  in- 
creased expenses  of  living  all 
over  the  world. 

It  is  estimated  that  in  Eng- 
land $i  now  is  not  more  than 
equal  to  $3  ten  years  since. 
On  the  continent  of  Europe 
the  change  is  still  greater,  and 
still  more  in  Australia  and  the 
United  States.  But  through- 
out India  the  purchasing 
power  of  money  has  undergone 
still  greater  reduction.  An 
important  element  of  this 
change  in  the  last  ten  years 
has  been  the  United  States 
war.  When  the  war  broke  out 
there  was  in  circulation  about 
$200,000,000,  bank  notes,  and 
$300,000,000,  coin.  There  is  now  in  circu- 
lation $700,000,000  of  paper  money,  and 
little  or  no  coin.  The  latter  has  passed 
off  into  the  markets  of  the  world,  greatly 
increasing  the  general  supply.  At  the 
same  time  there  was  a  great  reduction  in 
the  quantity  of  commodities  produced — 
cotton,  tobacco,  rice,  manufactures,  etc. 
Of  the  first  article,  India  became  the  source 
of  supply,  and  silver  poured  out  of  Europe 
profusely  into  the  Indian  market  for  raw 
commodities  and  for  railroad  construction, 
so  glutting  it  that  English  official  reports 
show  that  the  natives  used  the  silver  for 
wagon  tires  and  other  unusual  purposes. 
The  gold  of  the  United  States  and  Aus- 
tralia more  than  supplied  the  vacuum 
caused  by  sending  the  silver  to  India,  and 
a  rapid  decline  in  the  purchasing  power  of 
money  has  taken  place.  Such  a  moment 
is  the  favorable  one  for  a  return  to  specie 
payments  in  the  United  States;  to  call  in 
the  superfluous  paper  money  and  substi- 
tute the  coin.  But  there  are  no  signs  as 
yet  of  such  a  consummation. 

The  prospect  now  is  of  a  reflux  from  the 
India  market  and  from  China,  while  the 
production  of  silver  on  this  coast  promises 
to  rival  that  of  gold.  A  London  financial 
authority  states,  in  relation  to  the  Indian 
flow  of  silver:  "The  reader  can  draw  from 
this  his  own  conclusions;  for  it  is  undeni- 
able that  the  yield  of  silver  is  rapidly  in- 
creasing on  the  Pacific  Slope,  and  soon 
will  attain  to  such  dimensions  that  there 
will  be  a  material  fall  in  the  value  of  the 
metal.  The  broad  rule  ought  therefore  to 
be  kept  in  view  that  a  fixed  income  is  less 
desirable  than  an  income  derived  from  real 
estate  or  industrial  undertakings,  for  it 
undergoes  a  diminution  in  its  purchasing 
power  through  a  constant,  if  slow,  process, 
which  must,  however,  be  felt  severely  at 
the  end  of  ten  or  twelve  years."  Without 
assenting  to  the  full  scope  of  this  propo- 
sition, since  there  will  no  doubt  be  a  re- 
stored activity  in  the  production  of  com- 
modities, which  will  tend  to  compensate 
for  the  increase  of  the  precious  metals 
and  maintain  an  equilibrium,  there  is  no 
doubt  but  the  part  California  is  to  play  in 
the  world's  operations  will  be  more  im- 
portant in  the  future  than  in  the  past. 


January  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


55 


UsEfdL     l[<FOr\r*AJION. 

Sardines,  Where  They  Come  From 
and  How  Preserved. 

There  are  few  delicacies  so  well  known 
unil  so  highly  esteemed  as  the  sardine.  The 
delicious  flavor  of  the  Bah  when  the  tin  is 
lirst  opened,  and   the   m  if  the  oil 

(always  supposing  a  go  [,)  print 

their  charms  upon  the  memory.  It  will  be 
unwelcome  news,  however,  to  many  to  be 
told  that  anything  good  in  this  way  is  ex- 
ceedingly scarce  this  season.  Unfortu- 
nately, it  was  the  samo  last  year.  Then 
the  destroying  demon  of  war  took  away 
the  fishermen  from  the  villages,  and,  ad- 
ded to  this,  the  fish  were  scarce,  bo  that 
more  were  contracted  for  than  could  be 
delivered.  This  year  it  is  worse.  Few  fish 
of  any  size  have  been  caught  (except  some 
vory  large,)  least  of  all  those  ol  the  tiucst 
quality.  Tho  consequence  is,  the  Freuch 
manufacturers  are  again  unable  to  carry 
out  their  contracts. 

The  fishery,  says  tho  London  Ore 
carried  on  generally  from  July  to  Novem- 
ber, all  along  tho  west  coast  of  France. 
Two  of  tho  largest  stations  are  at  Donor- 
neinz  and  C'onearnean.  Fleets  of  boats 
go  out  some  few  miles  and  spread  out  their 
lets,  by  tho  side  of  which  some  cod  roe  is 
thrown  to  attract  tho  fish.  The  nets  are 
weighed  on  one  end  and  have  corks  at- 
taced  to  the  other  so  that  they  assume  a 
vertical  position— two  nets  being  placed 
close  to  each  other,  that  the  fish  trying  to 
escape  my  bo  caught  in  the  meshes. 
Brought  to  laud,  they  are  immediately  of- 
fered for  sale,  as,  if  staler  by  a  few  hours, 
they  become  seriously  deteriorated  in 
valuo,  no  first-class  manufacturer  caring  to 
buy  such.  They  aro  sold  by  the  thousand. 
The  curer  employs  large  numbers  of 
women,  who  cut  off  the  heads  of  the  fish, 
wash,  and  salt  them.  The  fish  are  then 
dipped  into  boiling  oil  for  a  few  minutes, 
arranged  in  various  sized  boxes,  filled  up 
with  finest  olive  oil,  soldered  down,  and 
then  placed  in  boiling  water  for  some 
time.  Women  burnish  the  tins;  the  labels 
are  put  on,  or  sometimes  enameled  on  the 
tins,  which  are  afterwards  packed  in  wood- 
en cases,  generally  containing  100  tins, 
and  then  are  ready  for  export. 

It  does  not  always  seem  to  be  remem- 
bered that  the  longer  the  tin  is  kept  un- 
opened the  more  mellow  do  the  fish  be- 
come; and,  if  properly  prepared,  age 
improves  them  as  it  does  good  wine.  But 
if  they  are  too  salt  at  first,  age  does  not 
improve  them — they  always  remain  tough. 
The  size  of  the  tins  are  known  as  half  and 
quarter  tins.  There  are  two  half  I  ins,  one 
weighing  eighteen  ounces  and  the  other 
sixteen  ounces  gross.  The  quarter  tin  us- 
ually weighs  about  seven  ounces,  but  there 
is  a  larger  quarter  tin  sometimes  imported. 
Whole  tins,  and  even  larger  ones  still,  are 
used  in  France,  but  seldom  seen  here. 

As  is  well  known,  the  sardine  trade  is  an 
important  branch  of  industry,  very  large 
quantities  being  consumed  in  Franco;  and 
the  exportation  to  England  and  America  is 
truly  wonderful — Scientific  American. 

Progress  and  Popular  Science. 

M.  Sogg,  of  Neuchatel,  writes  to  the  Ed- 
itor of  Les  Mondes  as  follows:  "Since 
the  world  is  inclined  to  ridicule  your  at- 
tempt to  popularize  science,  permit  me  to 
ask  what  is  the  science  which  loses  itself 
in  the  clouds  of  thought  without  a  desire 
to  come  down  to  the  practical,  other  than 
an  error,  the  glory  of  standing  by  the  side 
of  those  other  honors  which  elevate  the 
individual  and  debase  the  nation  ?  What 
would  astronomy  be  if  it  did  not  serve  to 
measure  time  and  to  guide  us  on  our  way 
upon  the  land  and  sea?  To  separate  pure 
Bcience  from  applied  science,  is  to  condemn 
each  to  sterilty;  they  can  no  more  exist 
alone  than  our  heads  can  exist  without 
our  arms  and  legs. 

' '  Thenard  would  be  fogotten  if  he  had 
not  found  the  cobalt  blue  which  bears  his 
name;  it  is  alkimetry  and  alcohometry 
which  have  rendered  popular  the  name  of 
Gay-Lussac,  and,  in  spite  of  all  his  admi- 
rable works,  the  name  of  Chaptal  would  be 
forgotten  if  he  had  not  connected  it  ad- 
vantageously with  the  manufacture  of  beet- 
root sugar. 

"  Consider  how  the  intelligence  of  our 
great  men  is  developed  and  you  will  find 
always  that  they  step  upon  the  scientific 
stage  with  works  as  brilliant  as  they  are 
useless  to  human  society;  later  on  and 
gradually,  experience,  the  daughter  of  age, 
teaches  them  to  devote  themselves  to  prac- 
tical application,  and  they  are  more 
pleased  with  and  more  proud  of  having 
perfected  an  industrial  process,  found  the 
formula  of  a  fertilizer,   or  discovered   a 


new  ailment,  than  if  they  had  devised  one 
of  those  brilliant  theories  which  Hash 
across  the  scientific  heaven  like  fulling 
stars,  in  the  spaco  of  the  firmumont,  and 
leave  no  trace  behind." 


Qood  He^ltH. 


Glycerine  Composition  for  Leather. 

As  is  well  known,  glycerine  has  found  ex- 
tenaive application  in  tanning,|aa  it  be 

red  that  it  adds  materially  to  the 

elasticity  and  strength  of  the  leather.  Es- 
pecially has  it  been  found  of  groat  value 
in  protecting  leather  bar.ds  of  machinery 
from  cracking  and  drying.  The  partially 
tanned  leather  is  immersed  for  consider- 
able time  in  a  bath  of  glycerine,  by  which 
the  pores  are  filled  and  such  an  elasticity 
and  soilness  is  imparted  that  objects  man- 
ufactured from  it  aro  less  liable  to  break. 

In  order  to  prepare  a  neutral  gutta- 
percha composition  with  glycerine  take  3 
to  4  pounds  lamp  black,  %  pound  burnt 
bones  (burnt  ivory),  cover  up  in  a  Bailable 
vessel  with  5  pounds  glycerine  and  5 
pounds  common  syrup,  and  stir  well  until 
the  whole  is  intimately  mixed  and  free 
from  lumps.  Four  or  livo  ounces  of  gutta- 
percha, finely  cut,  are  to  be  put  into  a  ket- 
tle, and  after  melting  must  be  mixed  with 
20  ounces  of  sweet  oil  and  dissolved,  and 
two  ounces  of  stearine  added.  While  still 
warm  the  gutta-percha  solution  must  bo 
incorporated  with  the  syrup  and  lamp  black 
and  after  this  isdone,  ten  ounces  of  Senegal 
gum  dissolved  in  1%  pounds  of  water  is 
also  added.  In  order  to  impart  an  agreea- 
ble odor  to  the  mass  a  small  quantity  of 
rosemary  or  lavender  oil  may  be  introduced. 

In  using,  the  glycerine  gutta-percha 
paste  must  be  diluted  with  three  or  four 
parts  of  water.  It  gives  a  fine  lustre  and, 
as  it  contains  no  acid,  it  does  not  injure 
the  leather,  but  makes  it  soft  aud  elastic 
and  adds  very  much  to  its  durability. — 
Journal  of  Applied  Chemistry. 

Lint. 

Next  to  cotton,  the  vegetable  fibre  most 
extensively  used  for  textile  fabrics  is  flax, 
the  Latin  name  of  which  is  linum, — hence 
come  the  names  of  linen  and  lint.  The 
fibres  of  cotton  and  flax,  viewed  under  a 
microscope,  will  be  found  to  be  different; 
the  fibre  of  cotton  is  angular,  or  bladed, 
while  that  of  flax  (linen)  is  perfectly  round 
and  smooth.  It  is  this  difference  in  their 
natural  formation  that  constitute  the  supe- 
riority of  linen  over  cotton  as  a  material 
for  dressing  wounds,  or  as  a  fabric  for 
clothing  the  body.  Lint  is  the  unwoven 
fibre  of  linen.  By  wear,  and  much  wash- 
ing, which  it  necessarily  undergoes,  linen 
becomes  softer  than  when  new ;  it  under- 
goes a  partial  decay,  and  the  much-prized 
linen  eventually  becomes  "rag."  In  this 
state  it  is  fit  only  to  be  converted  into  pa- 
per or  lint.  Lint  is,  in  fact,  the  woolly 
fibre  of  old  linen,  "thrown"  or  slightly 
"felted"  together  (as  manufacturers  term 
it)  into  the  material  form  so  named.  The 
flax  plant  yields  not  only  linen  by  means 
of  its  fibre,  but  it  also,  by  expression, 
gives  a  valuable  oil  from  its  seeds,  known 
in  commerce  as  linseed  oil.  The  residue, 
after  the  oil  is  expressed,  is  called  linseed 
cake,  and  excellent  food  for  cattle.  Each 
product  of  the  flax  plant,  both  in  peace 
and  in  war,  has  its  value  either  as  linen, 
linseed,  or  lint. — Scientific  American. 

How  to  Use  the  Thermometer. — Sig- 
nal Officer  Singleton,  of  St.  Louis,  allud- 
ing to  some  statements  respecting  discrep- 
ancies between  government  reports  of  the 
weather, the  Btate  of  the  thermometer,  etc., 
and  those  made  by  private  individuals, 
says:  "A  thermometer  should  be  placed 
in  an  open  space,  out  of  the  vicinity  of 
high  buildings,  or  any  object  that  impedes 
the  free  circulation  of  air.  It  should  face 
the  north,  to  bealwaysintheshade,  should 
be  twelve  inches  from  every  neighboring 
object,  should  be  about  fifteen  inches  from 
the  ground,  and  should  be  protected 
against  its  own  radiation  to  the  sky,  and 
against  the  light  reflected  from  neighbor- 
ing objects,  or  the  ground  itself.  The 
thermometer  should  be  read  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  as  the  heat  from  the  body  or  the 
breath  influences  the  instrument.  I  have 
taken  a  thermometer  belonging  to  a  gentle- 
man in  this  city,  that  read  seven  degrees 
above  the  standard  instrument  in  this  of- 
fice, and  after  removing  the  back,  which 
was  of  metal,  painted  black  and  varnished, 
( with  a  radiating  power  of  seventy-seven 
degrees  at  night) ,  placed  it  in  my  instru- 
ment shelter,  after  ascertaining  the  error, 
by  my  standard,  (which  was  but  three- 
tenths  degrees,  the  instrument  being  an 
imported  article  and  very  flue) ,  I  found  it 
to  read  exactly  with  the  standard.  Out  of 
470  observations  at  all  hours  of  the  day 
and  night  it  varied  but  once,  and  then  was 
but  two-tenths  degrees. 


Why  do  Not  Our  Teeth  Last  a  Life 
Time? 

That  our  teeth  are  made  perfect,  if  the 
right  materials  are  furnished,  there  cannot 
be  a  doubt.  But  are  the  necessary  ele- 
ments furnished  to  children  as  they  are  to 
the  young  of  other  animals?  And  do  we 
not  subject  our  teeth  to  deleterious  inllu 
euces  from  which  animals  that  obey  their 
natural  instincts  aro  exempt?  The  form- 
ing young  of  othor  animals,  while  depend- 
ing on  tho  mother,  get  lime,  and  phospho- 
rous, and  potash,  and  silex,  aud  all  the 
other  elements  of  which  the  teeth  aro  com- 
posed, from  the  bloq,d  or  milk  of  the 
mother,  and  she  gets  them  from  tho  food 
which  Nature  provides  containing  those 
elements  in  their  natural  proportions. 

But  whoro  can  the  child  in  its  forming 
state  get  these  necessary  elements,  whose 
mother  lives  principally  on  starch  and 
butter,  and  sugar,  noither  of  which  con- 
tains a  particle  of  lime,  phosphorous,  pot- 
ash or  silex?  Nature  performs  no  miracles. 
She  makes  teeth  as  glass  is  made,  by 
combining  the  elements  which  compose 
them  according  to  her  own  chemical  prin- 
ciples. And  this  illustration  is  more 
forcible,  beoause  tho  composition  of  the 
enamel  of  the  teeth  and  of  glass  is  very 
nearly  identical,  both,  at  least,  requiring 
the  combination  of  silex  with  some  alka- 
line principal. 

If,  then,  the  mother  of  an  unborn  or 
nursing  infant  lives  on  white  bread  and 
butter,  pastry  and  confectionary  which 
contains  no  silex,  and  very  little  other  ele- 
ments which  compose  the  teeth,  nothing 
short  of  a  miracle  can  give  her  a  child  with 
good  teeth,  and  especially  with  teeth 
enameled.  But  what  article  of  food  will 
make  good  teeth  ?  Good  milk  will  make 
good  teeth,  for  it  makes  them  for  calves. 
Good  meat  will  make  good  teeth,  for  it 
makes  them  for  lions  and  wolves.  Good 
vegetables  and  fruit  will  make  good  teeth, 
for  they  make  them  for  monkeys. 

Good  corn,  oats,  barley,  wheat,  rye,  and 
indeed,  everything  that  grows,  will  make 
good  teeth,  if  eaten  in  their  natural  state, 
no  element  being  taken  out;  for  every  one 
of  them  does  make  teeth  for  horses,  cows, 
sheep,  or  some  other  animal.  But  starch, 
sugar,  lard  or  butter  will  not  make  good 
teeth.  You  tried  them  all  with  your 
child's  first  teeth,  and  failed;  and  your 
neighbors  have  tried  them,  and  the  result 
is  that  a  man  or  woman  at  40  with]  good, 
sound  teeth  is  a  very  rare  exception. — Phi- 
losophy of  Health. 

Glycerine  as  Food  and  Medicine. 

Glycerine  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  ar- 
ticles our  pharmacopia  can  boast  of,  while 
as  an  article  of  food,  it  is  one  of  the  best 
and  most  fattening  nutriments.  Sweet 
oil,  or  olive  oil.  has  for  ages  been  an  ar- 
ticle of  daily  diet  in  Palestine  and  other 
old  countries,  and  glycerine  is  an  essence 
of  it.  It  is  a  perfectly  natural  and  bland 
fluid,  and  the  most  penetrating,  perhaps, 
in  all  Nature.  Oil  itself  will  penetrate 
where  water  will  not,  and  glycerine,  which 
may  be  considered  the  etherial  part  of  oil 
has  this  property  to  a  most  remarkble  de- 
gree— it  penetrates  the  solid  bone. 

A  medical  journal  tells  us  that  if  poured 
into  a  mixture  of  blood  and  matter,  such 
as  is  expectorated  from  consumptive  lungs, 
it  will  get  between  the  globules  of  each 
and  show  them  with  greater  distinctness. 
Being  thus  penetrating,  it  is  the  very  best 
application  for  feverish  sores,  for  inflamed 
or  dry  surfaces,  simply  from  its  quality  of 
penetration  and  evaporability.  If  ap- 
plied with  a  common  brush  to  the  surface 
of  the  throat  in  diptheria,  in  a  few  min- 
utes its  permeative  quality  enables  it  to  sink 
between  the  molecules  of  the  false  mem- 
brane, dissolving  and  detaching  it  in  a 
few  hours.  It  is  the  best  application 
known  in  case  of  burns. 

Glycerine  for  Putrid  Sore  Throat. 

Dr.  J".  T>.  Palmer,  in  the  Journal  of  Phar- 
macy, says:  I  have  found  this  an  invalu- 
able remedy  in  putrid  sore  throat,  as  well 
as  in  many  other  affections.  Not  long  since 
a  case  occured  in  which  its  healing 
properties  were  fully  tested.  The  patient, 
a  little  girl,  seven  years  of  age,  had  been 
suffering  several  days  before  I  saw  her, 
and  the  various  remedies  employed  had 
made  no  impression  on  the  disease.  _  As  it 
was  with  great  difficulty  and  pain  she 
swallowed,  and  her  pulse  being  very  weak 
and  quick,  it  was  important  that  the  reme- 
dy adopted  should  possess  healing,  nour- 
ishing, and  antiseptic  properties;  and 
glycerine  possessing  these  properties,  was 
administered  in  teaspoonful   doses  every 


six  hours.  The  first  dose  caused  some 
smarting,  the  second  less,  ond  before 
giving  tho  third  there  was  obvious  im- 
provement. The  case  was  dismissed  in 
three  days. 

The  Unwearied  Action  of  the  Heart. 

Tho  effeot  of  everything  that  touches  the 
heart  is  multiplied  by  the  intensity  of  the 
heart's  own  changes.  Hence  it  is  that  it  is 
so  sensitive.  S3  true  and  quick  an  index  of 
tho  body's  state.  Hence,  also,  it  is  that  it 
never  wearies.  Let  me  remind  you  of  the 
work  done  by  our  hearts  in  a  day.  A  man's 
total  outward  work,  his  whole  effect  upon 
the  world  in  twenty-four  hours,  has  been 
reckoned  about  350  foot-tons.  That  may  bo 
taken  as  a  good  "hard  day's  work."  Dur- 
ing the  same  time  the  heart  has  been  work- 
ing at  the  rato  of  120  foot-tons.  That  is  to 
say,  if  all  the  pulses  of  a  day  and  night 
Could  be  concentrated  and  welded  into  one 
great  throb,  that  throb  would  bo  enough 
to  throw  a  ton  of  iron  120  feet  into  the  air. 
And  yet  the  heart  is  never  weary.  Many 
of  ns  are  tired  after  but  feeble  labors;  few 
of  us  can  hold  a  poker  out  at  arm's  length 
without,  after  a  few  minutes,  dropping  it. 
But  a  healthy  heart,  and  many  an  unsound 
heart,  too — though  sometimes  you  can  tell 
in  the  evening,  by  its  stroke,  that  it  has 
been  thrown  off  its  balance  by  the  turmoils 
and  worries  of  life— goes  on  beating  through 
tho  night  when  we  are  asleep,  and  when  wo 
wake  in  the  morning,  we  find  it  at  work, 
fresh  as  if  it  had  only  just  began  to  beat. 
It  does  this  because  upon  each  stroke  of 
work  there  follows  a  period,  a  brief  but  a 
real  period  of  rest;  because  the  next  stroke 
which  comes  is  but  the  natural  sequence 
of  that  rest,  and  made  to  match  it;  because, 
in  fact,  each  beat  is,  in  force,  in  scope,  in 
character,  in  everything,  the  simple  ex- 
pression of  the  heart's  own  energy  and 
state. — Applelons  Journal. 

Throat  and  Lung  Diseases. — Most  of 
the  throat  and  lung  diseases,  which  indi- 
rectly lead  to  consumption,  are  occasioned 
by  sheer  carelessness.  A  delicate  woman 
often  sits  for  two  or  three  hours  in  a 
crowded  theater  or  church,  breathing  an 
atmosphere  tainted  by  the  exhalations  from 
the  lungs  of  hundreds  of  other  people,  her 
system  is  exhausted,  her  skin  is  excited  by 
unwonted  action,  and  when  she  leoves  the 
building  and  goes  out  into  the  cold  air  her 
blood  is  suddenly  driven  to  the  interior  of 
the  body,  and  then  ensues  a  more  or  less 
permanent  congestion  or  inflammation  of 
some  of  the  internal  organs — usually  the 
air  tubes  in  or  leading  to  the  lungs.  This 
process  being  repeated  many  times,  a 
chronic  bronchitis  is  finally  established  in 
persons  otherwise  healthy,  and  life  is  ever 
after  rendered  miserable  by  this  periodical 
overheating  and  sudden  chilling  of  the 
body,'even  if  the  more  dangerous  malady, 
consumption  does  not  interfere,  and  put 
the  abused  body  into  the  grave. 

New  Use  for  Electricity. — Electricity 
has  achieved  a  new  triumph.  Already  em- 
ployed to  restore  vigor  and  nimbleness  to 
the  gouty  limbs  of  decrepit  ions  vivants, 
the  recent  discoveries  of  Dr.  Bernier,  a 
French  physician,  show  electricity  to  be 
an  efficient  remedy  for  the  evil  effects 
of  excessive  drinking  on  the  human  nose. 
The  doctor  maintains  that,  by  the  appli- 
cation of  an  electric  current  to  noses  even 
of  the  most  Bacchanalian  hue,  the  flesh 
may  be  made  "  to  come  again  as  the  flesh 
of  a  little  child;"  and  he  supports  his  as- 
sertion by  a  case  performed  on  a  female 
patient  of  his  own,  a  woman  of  high  rank. 

Female  Physicians. — The  prospects  of 
medical  education  for  women  are  brighten- 
ing. The  medical  faculty  of  Moscow,  Rus- 
sia, it  is  stated,  have  not  only  decided  that 
the  privilege  of  acquiring  a  thorough 
medical  knowledge  would  be  of  utility  to 
women,  but  have  "  resolved  to  admit  them 
to  the  educational  courses  and  lectures  of 
the  University,  and  to  the  privilege  of 
following  all  the  labors  of  the  Medico  Chi- 
rurgical  Academy." 

To  Stop  the  Bleeding  from  Leeches. 
Make  a  ball  of  cotton  about  the  size  of  a 
pea;  put  this  pellet  of  cotton  or  lint  upon 
the  wound;  press  it  down  firmly;  keep  up 
the  pressure  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  Re- 
move the  finger  cautiously,  taking  care  to 
let  the  pellet  remain. 

Turpentine  for  Headache. — Dr.  Beb- 
bie,  of  the  Edinburgh  Medical  Journal, 
advocates  the  use  of  turpentine  for  the 
headache  to  which  nervous  women  are 
subject. 

To  Prevent  Discoloration  from 
Bruises. — Apply  repeatedly  cloths  wrung 
out  of  hot  water,  or  the  tincture  of  arnica. 


56 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  27,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Senioe  Editor. 


DEWJET  «fc  CO.,  TuTjlisliers. 


GEO.  H.  STRONG, 
JN0.  L.  BOONE. 


A.  T.  DEWBT, 
W.  B.  EWER, 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  opposite 
■Wells,  Farg-o  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising  Rates—  1  week,  lvionth.    Smontlis.   lyear. 

Perlino 25  .80  $2.00        $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3  00  7.50         20.00 

One  inch 2.00         5.00  14.00         36.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rales. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance — For  one  year,  $4: 
eii  months,  $2  50:  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
nameB  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance 
will  pay  for  1 H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  per  3-ear,  £1  3a.:  6 
months,  Us.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  insertion.  1b.  : 
subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  advertisements  at 
special  rates. 


San  Franciaoo: 
Saturday  Morning,  Jan.  27,  1872. 


Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates. 
San  Francisoo,  Wednesday,  January  v4,  1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying  92;  selling,  92M.    Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  109!J.      ^^^^^^^^^^^ 


Table  of  Contents. 


The  Line  of  Steamers  for  Carrying  Ores  to 
Europe;  Track  Car  Brakes*;  A  New  Mining 
Lamp* 49 

Correspondence.  —  Eureka  District,  Nevada: 
Mines  Near  Hadersburg,  M.  T 50 

Mechanical  Progress. — Titanic  Iron  anrl 
Steel;  Fire-Proof  Building 51 

Scientific  Progress. — A.  Substitute  for  trie 
Spectroscope;  Olive  Oil  as  a  Purifiei  of  Car- 
bonic Acid;  To  Deodorize  Kerosene  Oil;  He- 
cent  Progress  in  Chemistry;  A  New  Liquid 
Fire 51 

Mining  Summabv. — Reports  from  Mines  in  va- 
rious States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock 
lteports;  Metal  and  Leather  Markets;  Share- 
holder's Directory 52 — 53 

Artesian  Wells;  The  Lishtning  Rod  Capitol*: 
Gold  and  Silver;  The  Wheeler  Expedition.  .54 

Good  Health. — Why  do  not  Our  Teeth  Last 
a  Lifetime ;  Glycerine  as  Food  and  Medicine : 
Unwearied  Action  of  the  Heart.  Useful  In- 
formation.— Sardines,  Where  They  Come 
From;  Lint;  Progress  and  Popular  Science 
55 

Hints  to  Miners;  Mining  Dividends  in  1871: 
Raymond  &  Ely  Report 56 

The  Hydraulic  Fire  Extinguisher;  A  Patent 
Safety  Lamp*;  Notices  of  Recent  Patents: 
Mining  Prospects  57 

Domestic  Economy — Mechanical  Hints,  etc.  .58 

*  Illustrated. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 

Editors  Press: — Will  yon  please  inform 
me  in  what  order  stems  drop  in  a  six- 
stamp  battery,  J.  w.  mo. 

Some  25  combinations  can  be  made  with 
a  battery  of  the  size  yon  speak  of ,  and  no  two 
Btamps  drop  together.  It  is  always  advisa- 
ble that  no  two  stamps  follow  eaoh  other. 
Supposing  the  stamps  to  stand  in  their 
order  1,  2,  3.  4,  5,  6,  a  good  order  for  them 
to  drop  in,  is  6.  2,  4,  1,  3,  5.  Among  the 
other  combinations  are.  1,  3,  5,  2.  4,  6, 
and  2,  5,  3,  6,  4,  1.  >■  Different  mill-men 
have  their  own  theories  on  this  subject, 
but  the  first  order  given  will  answer  your 
purpose  as  well  as  any.  Some  people 
consider  this  a  good  order,  1,  2,  6,  5,  3,  4. 
because  it  brings  the  wash  to  the  center, 
but  by  this  combination  the  stamps  follow 
each  other  more  consecutively  than  you 
might  think  proper. 

Mining  Sales. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Pennsylvania 
mine,  near  Nevada,  has  been  sold  in  this 
city  to  an  English  company.  The  amount 
paid  is  stated  at  $150,000. 

The  IXL  and  Buckeye  No  1  have  also 
been  purchased  by  an  English  company. 
The  price  is  not  stated.  These  mines 
are  located  in  Scandinavian  Canon,  Silver 
Mountain  District,  Alpine  Co.  According 
to  the  Silver  Mountain  Chronicle  there  are 
probably  no  better  mines   in   the   county. 

The  IXL  made  a  short  run  a  few  years 
ago  and  shipped  some  $50,000,  but  incom- 
petent management  soon  demoralized  the 
company,  and  for  several  years  past  no 
work  has  been  done.  In  the  Buckeye 
shaft,  when  rich  ore  was  reached,  a  heavy 
body  of  water  drove  out  the  miners  and 
the  company  being  unable  to  erect  the 
necessary  hoisting  and  pumping  works  the 
mine  has  lain  idle  for  a  long  time.  The 
plans  of  the  new  owners  for  working  the 
mines  are  said  to  be  on  an  extensive  scale, 
and  will  give  employment  to  a  large  num- 
ber of  men. 


Hints  to  Miners— No.  8 

The  proper  cleaning  and  retorting  of 
gold  amalgam  is  an  art  which  all  mill-men 
do  not  understand.  It  is  often  found  diffi- 
cult to  separate  the  amalgam  from  iron. 
The  bullion  comes  from  the  retort  looking 
like  soot,  yet  the  management  of  amalgam 
is  simple  and  when  once  understood  there 
need  be  no  failure.  We  do  not  say  that 
many  amalgamators  do  not  thoroughly 
understand  it;  it  is  for  the  inexperienced 
that  this  is  written.  To  those  who  have 
had  but  little  practice  we  trust  that  a  de- 
scription of  the  whole  process  from  the 
starting  of  the  mill. until  the  retorting  is 
completed,  will  be  interesting  and  useful. 
In  preparing  this  description  we  have 
made  free  use  of  some  notes  placed  at  our 
disposal  by  Mr.  H.  G.  Hanks,  one  of  the 
most  experienced  assayers  of  this  city. 
Amalgamating  in  the  Battery. 

When  quicksilver  is  used  in  the  battery, 
the  art  to  acquire  is  how  to  introduce  just 
the  proper  quantity  to  suit  the  rock.  The 
quicksilver  is  put  in  by  the  feeder  at  regu- 
lar intervals,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
amalgamator  to  see  that  the  right  quantity 
is  employed.  The  general  rule  is  to  put  it 
in  every  half  hour. 

On  the  inside  of  the  battery  two  plates 
of  copper  4  or  5  inches  wide  extend  its 
whole  length  on  both  sides  of  the  stamps 
and  inclining  at  an  angle  of  45°  towards 
them.  Sometimes  a  strip  of  copper  is 
tacked  to  the  inside  of  the  frame  of  the 
screen;  upon  these  plates  and  upon  the 
apron  in  front  of  the  screen — which  is  also 
covered  with  copper,  most  of  the  gold  col- 
lects. Some  amalgam  forms  about  the 
shoes  and  dies,  and  pieces,  generally  of 
small  size,  get  broken  off  from  the  plates 
and  are  found  in  the  loose  stuff  when  the 
"run"  is  finished. 

Amalgam  on    the  Plates. 

The  experienced  amalgamator  judges 
from  the  appearance  of  the  apron  whether 
the  feeder  is  using  the  proper  quantity  of 
mercury.  He  frequently  washes  the  pulp 
from  the  copper  plate  on  the  apron  and 
carefully  examines  the  appearance  of  the 
amalgam  on  its  surface.  It  is  a  common 
saying  that  "there  should  be  no  fluid 
quicksilver  outside  of  the  battery,  and  still 
there  should  be."  In  other  words  the  mer- 
cury and  gold  should  be  made  to  equalize 
each  other. 

The  more  amalgam  allowed  to  remain 
in  the  apron,  the  more  rapidly  will  the 
particles  of  gold  and  amalgam  be  arrested 
as  they  pass  over  its  surface.  The  ex- 
perienced amalgamator  takes  great  pains  to 
keep  his  plates  just  in  the  proper  and  most 
sensitive  condition.  When  the  gold  is 
coarse,  from  60  to  80  per  cent,  remains  in 
he  battery.  As  a  general  rule,  each  ounce 
of  gold  per  ton  in  the  rock  will  require  an 
ounce  of  mercury. 

Preparing  New  Plates. 

New  plates  are  almalgamated  by  first 
rubbing  them  bright  with  dilute  nitric  acid 
and  sand.  This  is  washed  off  and  the 
plate  wet  with  a  solution,  made  by  heating 
mercury  and  nitric  acid  together,  the  mer- 
cury being  always  in  excess;  that  is  to  say 
there  must  always  remaiu  some  mercury 
undissolved  when  the  acid  no  longer  acts 
upon  it.  The  plates  are  then  rubbed  with 
metallic  mercury  and  a  strong  solution  of 
cyanide  of  potassium.  This  process  must 
be  repeated  if  necessary  until  the  surface 
of  the  copper  is  perfectly  amalgamated. 
Cleaning   Up. 

When  the  intended  run  is  completed  the 
stamps  are  hung  up  and  the  battery  screen 
removed.  All  the  large  fragments  of  rock 
are  taken  out  by  hand  and  thrown  aside. 
In  removing  those  of  medium  size  they 
must  be  examined  for  lumps  of  amalgam, 
which,  if  found,  are  to  be  placed  in  a  olean 
iron  pan.  'The  finer  portion,  consisting  of 
quartz,  particles  of  iron,  amalgam,  etc., 
must  be  placed  in  buckets  for  washing  at 
the  proper  time.     The  shoes  and  dies  must 


be  removed  and  every  part  of  the  battery 
scraped  down  with  some  convenient  iron 
tool.  The  copper  plates  must  be  scraped 
with  a  piece  of  stiff  rubber  belting  or  with 
a  scraper  made  of  copper.  The  amalgam 
is  to  be  placed  in  the  clean  iron  pan  with 
the  detached  pieces  from  the  battery. 
Frequently^  if  an  insufficient  quantity  of 
mercury  was  used  the  amalgam  on  the  in- 
side plates  is  so  hard  that  it  cannot  be 
removed  without  using  a  cold  chisel  or 
some  other  iron  tool.  In  this  case  great 
care  should  be  taken  not  to  lacerate  the 
copper.  The  outside  plates  must  be 
scraped  with  the  belting  in  the  same  man- 
ner, and  the  amalgam  carefully  transferred 
to  the  pan. 

The  washing  of  the  fine  battery  stuff  is 
done  in  an  iron  pan  just  as  a  pan  of  placer 
dirt  is  washed.  There  generally  remains 
some  dirty  quicksilver,  pieces  of  iron  from 
the  stamps,  lumps  of  amalgam  and  black 
iron  sand.  The  residue  is  washed  out  into 
some  convenient  vessel,  and  the  operation 
continued  until  the  whole  of  the  contents 
of  the  bucket  is  so  treated.  It  is  then  all 
replaced  in  the  pan  and  a  considerable 
quantity  of  quicksilver  poured  in  with  it. 
Most  of  the  water  is  removed  with  a 
sponge,  and  a  few  lumps  of  cyanide  of  po- 
tassium are  put  in.  When  these  are  dis- 
solved the  whole  is  to  be  stirred  with  a 
stick  for  some  time,  after  which  a  stream 
of  water  is  turned  on  until  all  the  cyanide 
is  washed  away.  The  hands  are  then 
plunged  in  and  the  mercury  allowed  to 
pass  through  the  fingers;  any  lumps  of 
amalgam  can  be  crushed  and  the  frag- 
ments of  iron  or  quartz  removed.  This 
subject  will  be  continued  in  our  next  num- 
ber. 


Mining  Dividends  in  1871. 

The  following  are  the  amounts  disbursed 
as  dividends  during  the  year  1871  by  some 
of  the  mining  companies  of  California,  Ne- 
vada, and  Idaho,  whose  offices  are  located 
in  this  city: 

The  Amador  (California)  mine  disbursed 
in  April,  .$14,800;  May,  $9,250,  and  omit- 
ted dividends  during  the  other  months. 

Chollar-Potosi  disbursed  during  Janu- 
ary, February,  March,  April,  and  May 
$280,000  a  month,  June  and  July  $56,000 
each  month;  and  in  August,  September, 
October,  November,  and  December,  $28,- 
000  per  month. 

Crown  Point  paid  dividends  only  during 
the  months  of  June,  July,  August,  and 
September,  and  then  $120,000  per  month. 

Eureka  (California)  January,  February, 
March,  April  and  May,  $40,000  per  month; 
June  and  July  $20,000,  and  none  during 
the  remainder  of  the  year. 

Eureka  Consolidated,  February,  $50,000; 
March,  $37,500;  April,  $37,500;  August, 
September,  and  October,  $50,000. 

Golden  Chariot  (Idaho) ,  January,  $40,- 
000;  February,  $60,000;  March,  $70,000. 

Greenville  (California) ,  in  June,  $4,000. 

Hale  &  Noreross,  January,  February, 
March,  and  April,  $40,000  per  month; 
omitted  during  remaining  eight  months. 

Keystone  Quartz,  in  September,  $5,000; 
November,  $7,500;  December,  $7,500. 

Meadow  Valley,  January,  February,  Ju- 
ly, August,  and  September,  $60,000  per 
month;  October,  November,  and  Decem- 
ber, $90,000  per  month. 

North  Star  (California) ,  January,  Feb- 
ruary, March,  and  April,  $9,000 per  month; 
June  $12,000,  and  July  $6,000. 

Pioche  paid  a  dividend  of  $20,000  in 
September. 

Baymond  &  Ely,  March,  April,  June, 
July,  and  August  $30,000 ;  September, 
$45,000;  October,  $120,000;  November  and 
December  $150,000  per  month. 

Eedington  •  Quicksilver,  April,  May, 
June,  July,  and  August  $6,300  per  month. 

Sierra  Nevada,  one  dividend  of  $20,000 
in  January. 

Succor  Mill  &  M.  Co.  paid  one  of  $11,- 
400  in  September. 

Yellow  Jacket,  January,  February,  and 
March,  $48,000  each  month;  April,  May, 
June,  July,  and  August  $60,000  per  month. 

Yule  Gravel,  August  and  September  $5,- 


000  per  month;'  October,  $10,000;  Novem- 
ber and  December  $5,000. 

The  yield  for  the  different  months  from 
the  above  named  mines  sums  up  as  follows: 
January,  $537,000;  February,  $587,000; 
March,  $554,500;  April,  $517,600;  May, 
$407,550;  June,  $308,300;  July,  $363,300; 
August,  $359,300;  September,  $344,400; 
October,  $298,000;  November,  $280,500, 
December,  $280,500,  making  a  total  of 
$4,837,950. 

These  disbursements  compare  with  the 
amounts  paid  by  the  same  and  other  min- 
ing incorporations  for  the  previous  year  as 
follows: 


1870. 

Amador $115,400 

Argenta 21,000 

Chollar-Potosi 658,000 

Crown  Point 

Eureka     430,000 

Eurelia  Consolidated 

Golden  Chariot 75,000 

Golden  Rule 3,000 

Greenvi:le 

Gould  &  Curry 48,000 

Halo  &  Noreross •  504,000 

Ida  Elmore 20,000 

Kentuck 30,000 

Keystone 

Meadow  Valley 150.000 

Metropolitan  MiU 10.000 

Nor  h  Star 10,500 

Original  Hidden  Treasure 32,000 

Pio.che 

Baymond  &  Ely 

Redingcon  QuickBilver 

Sierra  Nevada 37,500 

Succor  Mill 

Union 30,000 

Yellow  Jacket 

Yule  Gravel 

Wheeler 0,000 


1871. 
$24,050 


1,052,000 
480,000 
240/00 
275,000 
170,000 


4,000 

ito.ooo 


20,000 
570,000 


00,000 

"  20,666 

615,000 
31,600 
20,000 
11,400 

444,666 
35,000 


Totals $2,226,400    $4,837,950 


Raymond  and  Ely  Mine. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Kaymond  & 
Ely  Mining  Company  was  held  last  week, 
and  the  folllowing  Trustees  elected:  Al- 
pheus  Bull  (President),  W.  H.  Baymond, 
C.  J.  Brenham,  L.  A.  Booth  and  A.  K.  P. 
Harmon.  Andrew  J.  Moulder  was  re- 
tained as  Secretary  and  C.  W.  Lightner  as 
Superintendent. 

The  Superintendent  reports  the  produc- 
tion of  the  mines  for  the  year  as  follows: 
From  the  Vermillion  mine,  78  tons;  Burk 
mine,  2,764  tons;  Creole  mine,  2,690  tons; 
Panaca  mine,  6,708 — making  in  all  12,240. 
There  were  10,574  tons  sent  to  the  20- 
stamp  mill  at  Bullionville,  and  1,707  tons 
on  the  dumps,  exclusive  of  125  tons  sec- 
ond class  ore  and  200  tons  base  metal  ore, 
the  latter  at  the  Burk  mine.  The  total 
quantity  worked  was  10,373  tons,  the  gross 
yield  from  which  was  $1,361,590,  or  an 
average  of  $131.27  per  ton.  All  the  mines 
were  in  good  condition,  and  there  was  at 
least  enough  ore  above  the  233-foot  level 
to  keep  a  50-stamp  mill  running  for  three 
months.  Before  the  expiration  of  that 
time,  the  323-foot  level  will  have  been 
opened,  and  from  present  indications  the 
ore  there  will  exceed  the  level  now  being 
worked.  The  new  30-stamp  mill,  recently 
purchased  at  a  cost  of  about  $90,000,  is 
almost  ready,  and  when  completed  will  be 
the  finest  in  that  section.  The  Secretary's 
report  shows  the  receipts  to  have  been, 
$1,395,975.57,  and  disbursements  $1,331,- 
289.89  leaving  a  balance  on  hand  of  $64,- 
680.68  as  shown  by  the  following: 

THE  RECEIPTS. 

From  bullion  product $1,301,628.78 

jTOrn  waterworks 560.10 

Sale  Of  supplies 2,517.96 

Mill  salaries 733.28 

Superintendent's  drafts  advised,  but  not 
presented 30,521.45 

Total $1 ,395,976.67 

DISBrmSEMENTS. 

Property  and  claims,  water  works  and  legal 

expenses .' $124,148X7 

Mining  expenses 228,929,54 

Improvement  at  mine 35,688.32 

Milling  expenses 116.532.87 

Improvement  at  mill 31 ,643.91 

New  30-stamp  mill 89,482.60 

Taxes  on  property  and  bullion 10,563.07 

Dividends  to  stockholders 015,000.00 

Discount  on  bullion  yield 21,642.77 

Miscellaneous 7,657 .74 

$1,831  ,'89.89 

64,680.68 


Total  disbursements 

Oash  on  hand 


Total $1,395,970.67 

Dividends. 

There  are  30,000  shares  in  the  company. 
The  disbursements  to  stockholders  have 
been  as  follows: 

1871                                                   Per  share.  Total. 

March $1  $30,000 

April 1  30,000 

June 1  30,000 

July 1  30,000 

August 1  30.000 

September 1JS  45,000 

October 4  120,000 

November 5  150,000 

December 5  150,000 

Totals S201S     $615,000 

Nearly  45  per  cent,  of  the  bullion  yield 
($1,361,628.78)  has  been  realized  by  the 
stockholders.  Parties  who  purchased  their 
stock  .when  the  operations  first  began,  less 
than  a  year  ago,  have  received  back  their 
principal  and  still  have  their  stock. 


January  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS: 


57 


The  Hydraulic  Fire  Extinguisher. 

The  trial  of  Parker  and  Cook's  Hy- 
draulic Fire  Extinguisher  was  made  last 
Saturday,  in  the  presence  of  a  largo  num- 
ber of  spectators,  in  front  of  Hobbs  and 
Gilmoro's  three-story  building  on  BealeSt. 
The  want  of  an  apparatus  by  which  the 
roofs  of  buildings  could  be  reached  in  case 
of  fire  lias  been  long  felt,  and  any  improve- 
ment which  would  supply  the  deiiciency 
looked  for  with  interest. 

The  apparatus  in  question  is  very  sim- 
ple in  its  construction.  It  consists  of  a 
series  of  iron  tubes  shutting  into  eacli 
other  like  the  sections  of  a  telescope.  The 
whole  things  stands  upright  on  a  firm 
framework  pedestal.  The  tubes  when 
fully  extended  reach  a  hight  of  47  feet. 
The  first  tube  or  that  connected  with  the 
framework  on  tho  ground,  is  eight  inches 
in  diameter,  the  smallest— that  which  is 
the  last  projected— is  four  and  a  half  inches 
in  diameter  ;  the  intermediate  ones  grad- 
ually vary  in  size,  according  to  the 
substanco  of  the  tubo.  A  staging,  or 
cradle,  rests  on  the  top  of  the  fourth  sec- 
tion, for  men  to  stand  upon,  which,  when 
the  sections  are  not  extended,  rests  on' the 
end  of  tho  first  section,  and  is  reached  by 
an  ingeniously  contrived  ladder,  which, 
with  the  sections  fully  extended,  reaches 
from  the  staging  on  the  top  to  the  ground. 
This  cradle  is  also  movable.  It  can  be 
turned  around  or  moved  at  pleasure.  As 
it  is  raised  np,  it  runs  parallel  with  the 
wall,  but  when  the  desired  elevation  is 
reached,  it  is  turned,  end  to  the  wall,  and 
run  out  so  as  to  rest  on  the  roof  or  on  the 
window-sill,  forming  a  gangway  by  which 
either  can  be  reached  without  danger  or 
risk  of  any  kind.  By  this  means  the  con- 
trivance can  be  placed  so  as  to  secure  the 
firemen  from  danger  of  falling  signs,  cor- 
nices, etc.  For  no  matter  how  far  the  ex- 
tinguisher is  placed  from  the  building,  the 
fact  that  the  staging  can  be  run  to  the  roof, 
forming  a  gangway  from  the  apparatus  to 
the  roof  or  window,  allows  either  to  be 
conveniently  reached  by  the  firemen. 

The  test  on  Saturday  was  very  satisfac- 
tory. Two  men  went  into  the  cradle,  and 
in  less  than  30  seconds  they  were  raised  to 
a  hight  of  45  feet.  They  ran  out  their 
staging  and  crossed  to  the  roof.  A  No.  2 
nozzel  was  attached  to  the  eoek  at  the  top 
of  the  tubing  and  a  copious  stream  thrown 
from  it.  Descending,  the  men  stopped  at 
one  of  the  windows,  turned  their  staging 
and  went  into  the  room.  To  descend,  an 
escape  pipe  is-  opened,  and  as  the  water 
piurs  out,  the  staging  eomes  down.  The 
apparatus  weighs  from  1,000  to  1,300  lbs., 
and  can  be  easily  hauled  on  a  truck.  It 
lacks  the  complicated  machinery  which 
all  the  other  apparatus  intended  for  this 
purpose  possess,  and  is  easily   bandied. 

The  apparatus  is  worked  by  hydraulic 
power.  A  hose  is  fastened  to  the  hy- 
drant and  attached  to  the  base  of  the 
apparatus  and  the  pressure  forces  the  tubes 
upwards.  The  ordinary  hydrant  pressure 
of  50  pounds  will  force  up  a  weight  of  800 
pounds.  "When  the  requisite  hight  is 
reached  a  faucet  is  turned  and  the  water 
shut  off,  holding  the  apparatus  in  posi- 
tion. There  is  a  cock  at  the  top  of  the 
tubeing  to  which  a  hose  is  attached  so 
that  a  heavy  Btream  can  be  thrown  with- 
out the  necessity  of  having  to  haul  up 
hose  by  a  ladder.  When  the  water  to  sup- 
ply this  stream  runs  through  the  tubing, 
it  is  held  in  position  by  cranks  and  wire 
ropes  extending  from  the  frame  work  to 
the  top  of  the  apparatus. 

Another  Line  or  Steamers. — In  view 
of  the  proposed  line  of  steamers  for  con- 
veying ores  to  Europe,  spoken  of  in 
another  column,  we  learn  by  a  telegram 
from  Oregon,  dated  the  22  inst.,  that  the 
i  representative  of  an  English  firm  has  lately 
been  in  Portland  for  the  purpose  of  mak- 
ing arrangements  for  another  line  of  ves- 
sels between  that  place  and  England  for 
shipping  spars  and  wheat. 

The  Quail  Hill  Mining  &  Water  Co. 
are  about  introducing  water  into  the  deep 
gravel  beds  at  "Whisky  Hill.  The  mines 
are  said  to  be  rich  and  a  large  yield  is  ex- 
pected this  spring.  The  principle  owners 
in  this  mine  are  residents  of  Stockton. 


Patent  Safety  Lamp. 

The  accompanying  illustrations  repre- 
sent the  Bright-Union  Safety  Lamp,  one 
which  possesses  considerable  merit,  since 
it  is  the  only  one  that  has  the  burner  con- 
nected with  the  tube  separate  and  distinct 
from  the  reservoir  containing  the  oil ,  and 


Patent  Safety  Lamp. 

in  case  it  should  be  upset,  the  oil  will 
flow/ram  the  burner  and  not  oome  in  con- 
tact with -the  flame.  Most  of  the  lamps  in 
use  have  the  burner  screwed  direct   on  to 


the  fount,  or  oil  tube  containing  the  oil, 
there  being  nothing  in  that  case  to  pre- 
vent the  accumulation  of  gas,  and  from 
that  cause  we  hear  of  numberless  acci- 
dents from  explosions. 

This  lamp  is  constructed  with  two  tubes, 
as  will  be  seen  in  the  cut,  the  outside  one, 


D,  intended  only  for  the  attachment  of  the 
burner,  and  the  inside  one,  C,  to  contain 
oil  and  receive  wick.  As  there  is  no  con- 
nection between  these  tubes,  it  will  be 
evident  that  there  can  be  no  possibility  of 
communicating  any  heat  to  the  oil,  and  as 
long  as  the  oil  in  a  lamp  can  be  kept  per- 
fectly cool ,  there  is  no  chance  for  an  ex- 
plosion. The  tube  to  which  the  burner  is 
attached,  D,  is  free  from  the  oil  tube,  G, 
and  a  space  for  air,  passing  from  the  lower 
end,  between  the  tube  of  the  burner  and 


the  tube  of  the  oil,  keeps  it  always  cool. 
The  oil  receptacle  represented  by  A  ad- 
mits the  oil  through  an  opening  in  the 
top  whenever  it  passes  down  through  the 
tube  B  into  the  tube  C.  E  represents  the 
burner. 

When  the  burner  is  attached  to  the  lamp 
it  will  be  seen  that  there  is  no  opportunity 
for  the  oil  to  escape,  should  it  be  over- 
turned, and  in  case  any  accident  should 
result,  the  worst  consequences  that  would 
occur  would  be  tho  breaking  of  a  chimney 
or  shade.  The  patent  for  this  invention 
was  obtained  through  the  Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency,  by  M.  Samuels, 
and  the  lamps  may  be  seen  at  Center  & 
Bryant's,  No.  10  Third  street,  in  this  city. 

Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  tho  patents  recently  obtained 
through  Dewy  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press 
American  and  Foreign  Patont  Agency,  the 
following  are  worthy  of  mention: 

Attachment  for  Planing  Machines. — 
A.  S.  Hewlett,  Sebastopol,  Cal.  This  in- 
vention relates  to  a  device  which  is 
called  a  chip-breaker,  which  is  in. 
tended  to  be  secured  upon  planing  ma- 
chines in  such  a  manner  as  to  press  upon 
the  board  or  stick  which  is  being  planed, 
and  prevent  it  from  gouging  or  chipping 
up  when  the  planing  bits  are  cutting 
across  or  against  the  grain  of  the  wood. 
It  is  intended  to  be  used  more  particularly 
where  the  edges  of  boards  are  to  be  planed 
to  match  each  other,  as  in  rustic  and  oth- 
er similar  work,  and  consists  of  a  presser- 
foot  with  suitably  attached  mechanism,  so 
that  it  is  caused  to  press  on  the  wood 
just  in  front  of  the  cutters  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  to  compel  them  to  make  a  clean 
cut. 

Car  Coupling. — H.  H.  Morgan  and  A. 
Geary,  San  Francisco.  This  invention 
consists  of  an  automatic  coupling  device 
and  also  of  a  suitable  mechanism  for  un- 
coupling the  cars  without  the  danger  in- 
curred by  going  between  them.  Two 
bumpers  are  secured  to  the  ordinary  car 
timbers,  each  consisting  of  two  parallel 
stationary  jaws,  the  outside  one  of  each  hav- 
ing a  flaring  extremity  in  order  to  guide 
the  opposite  or  interlocking  jaws  when 
the  cars  come  together.  After  being  con- 
nected, the  jaws  are  secured  by  a  pin  pass- 
ing through  a  slot  which  allows  vertical 
motion.  An  arm  is  attached  to  a  rotating 
shaft  and  connected  to  the  pin,  so  that  by 
rotating  the  shaft,  the  pin  can  be  with- 
drawn. The  upper  end  of  the  shaft  is 
bent  at  right  angles  so  as  to  stand  across 
the  opening  between  the  jaws,  and  a  trip- 
ping bar  is  fixed  to  the  upper  corner  of 
the  entering  jaw.  This  bar  strikes  the 
end  of  the  shaft  and  draws  the  bolt  or  pin, 
so  as  to  allow  the  jaws  to  interlock,  after 
which  a  spring  throws  the  pin  into  place. 
The  pin  or  bolt  is  long  enough  to  be  with- 
drawn from  the  corner  of  the  car  without 
going  between  them,  and  is  held  back  by 
a  notch  until  the  cars  are  uncoupled. 

Nozzle.  —  Thomas  Watson,  Nevada, 
Cal.  The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  pro 
vide  a  nozzle  or  pipe  principally  for  hydrau- 
lio  gold  washing,  in  which  the  difficulty  en- 
countered by  the  twisting  and  spraying  of 
the  stream  as  it  leaves  the  nozzle,  is  over- 
come without  the  use  of  the  radial  plates 
which  are  commonly  employed.  To  do 
this  the  pipe  is  constructed  with  two  con- 
ically  shaped  sections  placed  base  to  base 
within  the  length  of  the  pipe,  so  that  an 
enlarged  chamber  is  formed,  and  within 
this  the  different  currents  are  corrected  and 
delivered  from  the  nozzle  straight  and  in 
a  solid  body. 

Lamp  Bracket  or  Support.  —  Henry 
Campbell,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This  in- 
vention consists  of  a  combination  of 
straight  and  curved  arms,  one  being  verti- 
cal and  serving  as  a  standard  which  fits 
into  a  socket  in  a  table  or  sewing  machine 
so  that  the  outer  end  of  the  bracket  may  be 
turned  about  it  over  a  considerable  radius. 
The  outer  end  of  the  bracket  has  a  suit- 
able clamp  for  holding  a  lamp  and  this 
throws  light  on  the  work  in  various  po- 
sitions. 

Bagatelle  Game  and  Apparatus. — Wm. 
Evers,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This  invention 
relates  to  certain  improvements  in  the  game 
of  bagatelle,  and  the  table   used  for  the 


purpose,  and  consists  in  constructing 
the  table  with  a  sheet-metal  surface  to  pre- 
vent wear  and  present  a  smooth  surface 
for  the  top  to  spin  upon.  Triangular  boxes 
are  constructed  in  the  corners  of  the  com- 
partments of  tho  table,  and  slides  are  held 
in  these  boxes  so  that  if  the  top  strikes  a 
peg  in  front  of  the  box  the  slide  will  be 
released  and  spring  up  so  as  to  exhibit  a 
number  which  counts  for  the  player  to- 
wards the  gamo.  The  periphery  of  the 
top  is  made  of  an  elastic  substance  to  pre- 
vent injury  to  the  sides  of  the  table,  and 
to  cause  the  top  to  rebound  after  striking. 
Safety  Lamp  and  Buhner— Emil  Boesch, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  This  invention  re- 
lates to  an  improved  lamp,  and  its  ob- 
ject is  first  to  so  construct  the  wick-tube 
that  by  means  of  a  movable  ring  the  light 
is  increased  or  diminished  without  chang- 
ing the  relative  position  of  flame  to  tho 
Argand  chimney,  which  is  used,  and  upon 
whioh  relative  position  the  efficiency  of 
the  light  depends.  It  further  consists  in 
making  the  device  a  safety  lamp  by  means 
of  certain  connecting  tubes,  or  channeled 
passages,  which  are  so  arranged  that  they 
convey  any  accumulation  of  gas  or  vapor 
from  the  body  cf  the  lamp  to  the  burner, 
where  it  is  consumed.  A  novel  arrange- 
ment is  attached  for  suspending  the  lamp 
from  the  wall,  or  bracket,  and  also  an  im- 
proved adjustable  reflector  attached  above 
the  lamp. 

Operating  Bailroad  Switches.— E.  A. 
Trapp,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This  inven- 
tion relates  to  improvements  on  apparatus 
for  throwing  the  switch  rails  of  a  railroad 
switch  to  any  desired  point  by  the  ap- 
proaching locomotive,  previous  to  its  ar- 
rival at  the  switch,  and  at  the  same  time 
operating  a  signal  which  indicates  the  po- 
sition of  the  switch  or  throw  rails.  The 
device  is  situated  at  some  distance  from 
the  switch  and  is  connected  with  a  mechan- 
ism which  is  operated  by  the  passing  loco- 
motive or  car,  and  in  turn  operates  the 
worm  gear  and  throw  lever  at  the  switch. 


Mining  Prospects.— The  result  of  the 
late  rains  are  beginning  to.  show  them- 
selves among  the  mines  in  an  increase  of 
product.  From  all  quarters  we  hear  pre- 
dictions that  the  yield  of  the  precious  met- 
als on  the  Pacific  slope  will  be  greater  in 
1872  than  for  the  past  five  or  six  years. 
The  amount  of  snow  in  the  higher  Sierras 
is  large  and  its  melting  will  suffice  to  fill 
the  ditches  until  late  in  the  summer.  It 
will  not  be  long  before  many  of  the  placer 
claims  now  running  night  and  day  with 
large  forces  of  men  and  an  abundance  of 
water,  will  make  their  regular  "clean 
ups "  and  business  throughout  the  inte- 
rior be  benefitted  thereby. 

"We  learn  that  in  Nevada  township  more 
placer  mines  are  being  worked,  more  men 
employed,  and  more  water  is  used  than 
ever  before,  and  the  Transcript  thinks  that 
more  gold  dust  will  be  taken  out  than  ever 
before  in  one  season.  At  the  more  eleva- 
ted mining  towns  in  Nevada,  Sierra  and 
Plumas  counties,  the  cold  weather  pre- 
vents muoh  working,  but  in  the  tunnel 
camps  the  miners  are  all  busy  taking  out 
gravel. 

The  past  two  years  have  been  so  dry  that 
our  placer  mines  as  a  consequence  did  not 
yield  anything  like  their  usual  amount 
of  gold,  but  the  prospect  for  active  opera- 
tions and  a  large  quantity  of  "dust,"  is 
making  all  the  miners  wear  smiling  faces. 
The  quartz  mining  operations  throughout 
the  Coast  are  unusually  active  and 
prospects  flattering. 

The  "  Overland  "  fob  February. — The 
present  number  comes  to  hand  full  of  good 
things,  including  a  biographical  sketch  of  the 
life  of  Joaquin  Miller;  "Wine-making  in  Cali- 
fornia; The  Commerce  of  Asia  and  Oceanica; 
The  Palace  and  Tombs  of  the  Czars,  and  a 
characteristic  tale  entitled  "  Spades." 

Ballooning. — During  the  Siege  of  Paris, 
sixty-four  balloons  left  the  city — of  this  number 
five  only  were  captured  by  the  Prussians,  two 
were  lost  at  sea,  and  all  the  rest  (57),  were 
successful . 


Dr.  Kellogg  delivered  an  interesting 
lecture  on  the  Elements  of  Modern  Civili- 
zation, last  Saturday  evening,  before  the 
College  of  Mechanic  Arts. 


58 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS.: 


[January  27, 1872. 


JOMESTIC    ECONOMY. 


Animal  Food. 

A  late  number  of  the  Galaxy  has  an  arti- 
cle, by  Dr.  0.  Draper,  upon  animal  food 
for  man.  The  Doctor  does  not  agree 
■with  the  vegetation  philosophy.  We  do 
not  know  but  the  question  of  meat  or  no 
meat  will  be  one  of  debate  while  the  world 
stands.  Concerning  the  influence  of  cli- 
mate upon  diet,  Dr.  Draper  speaks  as  fol- 
lows: 

"Custom  and  religion  have,  it  is  true,  a 
certain  influence  over  the  diet  of  a  nation, 
but  the  habits  of  a  people  in  this  respect 
are,  to  a  great  extent,  under  the  control  of 
climate.  The  inhabitant  of  a  torrid  region 
delights  in  the  fruits  and  succulent  vege- 
tables with  which  nature  bountifully  sup- 
plies him,  and  does  not  care  to  undergo 
the  fatigue  and  exertion  necessary  to  ob- 
tain animal  food,  when  luscious  fruit  are 
ready  to  fall  into  his  mouth.  He  lives 
surrounded  by  a  warm,  moist  atmosphere, 
he  does  not  require  much  heat-making 
food;  the  very  air  is  enervating,  and  why 
should  he  exert  himself  when  there  is  no 
necessity  ?  The  dwellers  in  arctic  regions, 
on  the  contrary,  must  burn  away  rapidly 
in  order  to  keep  the  temperature  of  his 
body  at  the  point  required  to  sustain  the 
processes  of  life.  Animal  food  therefore 
becomes  the  urgent  requirement  of  his  ex- 
istence, and  since  fat  furnishes  the  greatest 
amount  of  heat  in  a  given  bulk,  he  seeks 
greedily  for  the  blubber  of  the  seal  or 
whale,  and  a  glass  of  oil  is  to  him  far  more 
desirable  than  the  choicest  wine  of  a  Comet 
vintage. 

"Between  these  extremes  we-find  the  in- 
habitant of  the  temperate  zone,  who,  while 
he  declines  to  partake  of  the  grosser  food 
of  his  northern  neighbor,  agrees  with  him 
in  his  craving  for  flesh  of  all  kinds,  and 
prizes  especially  venison  and  every  species 
of  game.  At  his  table  the  fruits  and  vege- 
tables of  the  southerner  also  have  their 
place.  He  occupies  the  position  that  na- 
ture has  intended  for  his  race.  He  is  an 
omnivorous  animal  an,d  with  such  a  diet, 
and  under  favorable  skies  reaches  the 
highest  development  of  which  his  kind  is 
capable.  It  is  interesting  to  notice  that 
when  the  system  has  become  accustomed 
to  a  mixed  diet,  a  total  abstinence  from 
either  animal  or  vegetable  food  causes  the 
disease  known  as  scurvy.  It  is  a  popular 
error  to  suppose  that  this  condition  is  the 
result  only  of  a  want  of  vegetable  food. 
This  error  has  arisen  from  the  fact,  that, 
heretofore,  in  long  voyages,  vegetable 
food  has  been  deficient  in  quantitv,  but 
we  now  know  that  a  species  of  scurvy  may 
arise  from  a  deficiency  in  the  supply  of 
animal  food." 


Hard  and  Soft  Boiled  Eggs. 

It  is  understood  that  eggs  are  more  easily 
digested  if  "  rare"  than  "well "  done;  but 
which  portion  of  the  egg  resists  digestion 
— the  ','  white,"  which  is  nearly  pure  albu- 
men, or  the  yolk  ?  Lately  experiments 
have  been  made  in  this  direction  with  am- 
ple opportunity  of  demonstrating  .  that 
healthy  gastric  juice,  which  the  stomach  se- 
cretes for  purposes  of  digestion,  will  not 
act  readily  on  firmly  coagulated  white  of 
egg,  even  if  cut  in  pieces  not  larger  than 
ordinary  peas  (and  that  is  as  fine  as  people 
usually  chew  their  food !) ,  while  it  acts 
with  facility  upon  the  more  brittle  yolk. 
The  reason  is  that  the  coagulated  albumen 
is  very  compact  and  tenacious,  and  would 
need  to  be  "  ground  to  powder  "  to  accept 
the  chemical  affinities  of  the  gastric  juice. 

Pour  into  a  basin  boiling  water  sufficient 
to  cover  the  eggs,  put  the  eggs  into  the 
water  and  let  them  remain  10  or  15  minutes, 
according  to  circumstances  and  your  own 
taste;  keep  the  water  nearly  up  to  boiling 
temperature,  but  don't  boil  the  eggs. 
Fresh  eggs  will  cook  more  quickly  than 
old  ones,  and  of  course  small  ones  quicker 
than  large  ones.  By  this  process  you  will 
find  the  yolks  well  cooked,  while  the  white 
is  left  in  a  condition  to  digest  readily. 


Moths. — In  India,  both  upholsterers  and 
saddlers  badly  troubled  with  moths  in  their 
work,  especially  in  the  rainy  season;  and 
the  upholsterers  in  that  country  follow  a 
series  of  simple  rules  by  which  they  en- 
tirely avoid  the  ravages  of  these  pests. 
They  never  put  on  a  burlap  or  cotton  cov- 
ering without  first  steeping  it  in  a  solution  of 
sulphate  of  copper,  made  by  dissolving 
about  one  ounce  in  one  gallon  of  boiling 
water,  and  then  quickly  drying  the  mate- 
rial in  the  sun  or  by  a  hot  stove.  For  over 
"coverings,  especially  if  of  wool,  a  solution 
of  corrosive  sublimate  dissolved  in  patent 


colorless  alcohol  is  frequently, used  with 
good  effect.  The  boiling  solution  of  sul- 
phate of  copper  is  often  applied  to  a  floor 
previous  to  laying  a  mat  or  carpet,  and  in- 
variably under  heavy  articles  of  furniture. 

Hollow  Measure  in  the  United  States. 

The  following  data  with  regard  to  meas- 
urements will  oftentimes  be  found  conve- 
nient for  reference: 

A  barrel  contains  40  gallons  of  321  cubic 
inches,  or  9,240  cubic  inches. 

The  normal  bushel  is  the  Winchester; 
this  ought  to  have  the  diameter  in  the 
clear  of  18%  inches,  to  be  5  inches  deep, 
and  to  have  the  capacity  of  9.25x9.25x 
3.1416x8,  or  about  2,150%  cubic  inches. 

A  box  24  inches  square  and  16  inches 
deep  has  a  capacity  of  9,216  cubic  inches, 
or  nearly  a  barrel.  A  box  17?4'xl5x8  inches 
contains  2,130  cubic  inches,  or  nearly  a 
bushel.  A  box  14^x10x7%  inches  con- 
tains 1,075  cubic  inches,  or  exactly  a  half 
bushel. 

A  box  8x8x8  5-12  inches  contains  538  cu- 
bic inches,  or  almost  exactly  a  peck  or 
quarter  bushel.  A  box  7x8x4X  inches  eon- 
tains  231  cubic  inches,  or  a  gallon.  A  box 
6x6x3  %  inches  contains  117  cubic  inches, 
or  nearly  ahalf  gallon  of  115%  cubic  inches. 
A  box  4x4x3%  inches  contains  56  cubic 
inches,  or  nearly  a  pint  or  quarter  gallon 
(57%  cubic  inches.) 

A  New  Use  for  Fresh  Eggs. 

Mr.  John  Murphy  of  this  city — a  gentle- 
man of  intelligence  and  close  observation 
— recently  made  to  us  some  interesting 
statements  in  regard  to  the  value  of  fresh 
eggs  in  affording  nourishment  to  weak  ani- 
mals, that  are  worth  remembering  by  all 
farmers.  He  remarked  that  he  had  known 
a  young  colt  which  to  all  appearances  was 
nearly  dead,  the  breath  of  life  being  barely 
perceptible,  to  be  quite  instantly  revived 
by  giving  it  one  or  two  fresh  eggs.  The 
same  results,  in  several  cases  to  which  he 
was  knowing,  have  followed  the  adminis- 
tering of  eggs  to  weak  calves,  and  also  to 
feeble  and  chilled  lambs.  A  remedy  so 
simple,  so  easy  at  hand  and  so  effectual 
in  the  cases  mentiened — which  often  occur 
with  calves  and  lambs — should  be  remem- 
bered by  all  our  readers. 

Coenstalk  Sykup. — S.  W.  Bloom,  of 
Broomstown,  Ind.,  has  made  from  common 
cornstalks  a  syrup  superior  in  flavor  to 
sorghum,  though  there  was  a  sorghum 
flavor  discernible.  The  yield  is  nearly 
equal,  per  acre,  to  that  of  sorghum,  and 
does  not  interfere  with  the  production  of 
green  corn  for  market,  from  the  same 
stalk. 


Mechanical  Hints. 


Fine  Green  Bkonze. — First  boil  the 
work  in  a  strong  solution  of  potash  to 
get  off  all  the  old  lacquer  and  grease;  next 
wash  in  clear  water,  after  that  let  the  work 
stand  a  day  or  two  in  a  weak  solution  of 
nitric  acid,  then  take  out,  wash,  and  dry; 
then  coat  the  article  with  some  good  black 
lead.  Polish  until  you  have  a  good  black 
glossy  surface;  then  put  on  your  yellow 
lacquer,  which,  put  on  a  black  surface,  is 
your  green  bronze. 

Watekpkoof  Glue. — A  glue  that  will 
resist  both  fire  and  water  may  be  prepared 
by  mixing  a  handful  of  quicklime  with  f our 
ounces  of  linseed  oil,  thoroughly  levigated, 
then  boiled  to  a  good  thickness,  and  kept 
in  the  shade,  on  tin  plates,  to  dry.  It  may 
be  rendered  fit  for  use  by  boiling  it  over  a 
fire  in  the  ordinary  manner. 

Amebican  Furniture  Abroad. — During 
the  week  ending  Dec.  12th,  there  was  ex- 
ported from  the  port  of  New  York  five 
cases  of  redwood  to  Stittin;  two  pianos  and 
seven  hundred  and  fifty  fine  packages  of 
furniture,  valued  at  §9,932,  to  Peru;  eleven 
boxes  of  furniture  and  one  hundred  logs 
of  maple  to  London;  seven  packages  of 
furniture  to  the  British  West  Indies;  twen- 
ty-five logs  of  maple  to  Havre;  twenty- 
nine  packages  of  furniture,  valued  at  $1,510 
to  Hayti;  fourteen  cases  of  furniture  to 
Central  America;  eleven  packages  of  fur- 
niture to  New  Grenada;  three  packages  of 
furniture  to  Venezuela,  and  thirty-four 
packages  of  furniture  to  Brazil. 

On  the  14th  of  the  same  month,  eight 
cases  of  furniture  were  shipped  from  New 
York  to  Constantinople;  fifteen  cases  to 
Havana;  nineteen  packages  of  furniture  to 
Point  a  Petre;  one  hundred  cases  of  furni- 
ture to  Bio  Janeiro;  seven  packages  of 
furniture,  one  piano  and  eight  cases  of 
oil  cloth  to  Vera  Cruz. 

On  the  16th,  one  hundred  cases  of  furni- 
ture, shipped  from  New  York  to  Bombay, 
and  ten  hundred  and  sixty  seven  packages 
of  furniture  to  Sydney. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  of  and  dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC   GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

—AND— 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  hrst  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

"WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights, 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifl- 
ers,  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  for  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers*  Hard- 
ware-a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bars  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS: 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi- 
cally pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  A^hes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bays,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
f®~  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

"  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
maud  for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows-. 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  itiBth*-ownto  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind 
ing  surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examinethese  panB  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisoo. 


G-OLD-SAVING- 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOR    MINERS    AND    MILL    MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Plating-"Works,  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 

Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  G.  DENNTSTON,  Proprietor. 
2iv22-3m 


THE 

Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

CO»lPANY, 

109  California  street,  SANFitANOisco. 

Patent   Oombination  Carbolized  Steam  Tire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Paoking, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

BucketB. 

12v*3-3m  J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


SHEET    IRON    FIFE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

By  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheiun,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist- 
ance of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  rnos- 
effeetive,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  60  Cedar 
street,  N.  T.  25v23-3m 


THE  BEST  PERIODICALS  OF  THE  DAY. 
THE    GDREA/T 

ENGLISH    QUARTERLIES 

AND 

Blackwood's  Edinburgh  Magazine, 

HEFEINTED  El 

The    Leonard    Scott  Publishing  Company, 

140  Fulton  Street,  New  York, 
At   about   one-third   the  pnee  of   the  originals. 

THE  EDINBURGH  REVIEW, 

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THE  LONDON  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 

THE  BRITISH  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 

Published  Quarterly— January,  April,  July,  October— 

AND 

Blackwood 's    Edinburgh    Magazine, 

(A  fac-simile  of  the  original) .    Published  Monthly. 
TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION: 

For  any  one  Review $4  00  per  annum. 

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Postage,  two  cents  a  number,  to  be  prepaid  by  the 
quarter  at  the  office  of  delivery. 

CLUBS. 

A  discount  of  20  per  cent,  will  be  allowed  to  clubs  of 
four  or  more  persons.  Thus:  four  copies  of  Blackwood 
or  of  one  Review  will  be  sent  to  one  address  for  $12.80; 
four  copies  of  the  four  Reviews  and  Blackwood  for  $48, 
and  so  on. 

To  clubs  of  ten  or  m^re,  in  addition  to  the  above  dis- 
count, a  copy  gratis  will  be  allowed  to  the  getter-up  of 
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New  subscribers  for  the  year  1872  may  have,  without 
charge,  the  number  for  the  last  quarter  of  1871  of  such 
periodicals  as  they  may  subscribe  for. 

Or  instead  of  the  above,  new  subscribers  to  any  two, 
three,  or  four  of  the  above  periodicals,  may  have,  as 
premium,  one  of  the  '  Four  Reviews'  for  1871;  subscrib- 
ers to  all  five  may  have  two  of  the  '  Four  Reviews'  for 
1871.  Neither  premiums  to  subscribers  nor  discount  to 
clubs  can  be  allowed  unless  the  money  is  remitted  di- 
rect to  the  publishers.  No  premiums  can  be  given  to 
clubs. 

To  secure  premiums,  it  will  be  necessary  to  make 
early  application,  as  thB  stock  available  for  that  purpose 
is  limited. 

Circulars  with  further  particulars  may  be  had  on  ap- 
plication. 

THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO., 

140  Fulton  street,  New  York. 
THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO.  also  publish 

THE    FARMER'S    GUIDE 

To  Scientific  and  Practical  Agriculture, 
By  Henry  Stephens,  F.  R.  S.,  Edinburgh,  and  the  late 
J.  P.  Norton,  Professor  of   Scientific  Agriculture  in 
Yale  College.  New  Haven. 

Two  vols.  Royal  Octavo.  1600  pages  and  numerous 
engravings.    Price,  57;  by  mail,  post  paid,  $8.      8v24sa 


THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOVE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

WILLIAM    FKIEL,    Manufacturer,? 

•s.  No.  69  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.     Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.    County  Rights  for  sale. 

10v23-6m 


FA-HMIER.©  axicl  MECHANICS 

Are  especially  invited  to  call  and  see  a  Model  of  the 

Self-Opening     and     Self-Closing     Gate, 

The  Simplest  and  Most  Practicable  now  in  use. 

— ALSO   THE — 

Verticle  and  Straight  Mould-Board  Plow, 

Which  is  Cheaper  of  Construction,  opens  its  furrow 

Wider  and  Cleaner,  and  with  20  per  cent. 

Less  Draft  than  ordinary  Plows 

of  the  same  cut. 

These  Plows  are  being  manufactured  TO  ORDER  by 
HILL  &  KNAUGH,  of  Marysville,  and  S.  CONRAD,  of 
Petaluma.    Rights  for  sale  by 

WIESTER  &  CO., 

No.  17  New  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


A.  J.  SMITH, 
PLUMBER, 

— AND— 

Manufacturer  of  Pumps  and  Water  Closets, 

No.  220  Fremont  street,  opposite  Fulton  and  iEtna 

p-"on  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

18v23-3m 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGANS  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30),  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HAT.T.TPIE4  C19  Front  street,  S.  F._ 


January  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS> 


59 


Business  Cards. 


J.    ROSS    BROWNE, 

tf.S    FHAXCI80O,   C'AI.. 


Spectacles  My  Specialty. 


<4^ 


0,  MULLEE,  Optician, 
205  Hantgomerj  Btn .  t.  Run  Block. 

JOHN   KOAOH,  Optioian, 

H*»  rtmovc!  from   ua   Montgomery  itrewt  to 

olO    \Vti»lilii«lon  (trcrt, 

Bwlol 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 


SURGEON. 
No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Farmers  and  Mechanics 
IJ.vrs  lv    OF    SA  VINGH, 

No.  '£'■£.'*  Nuniame  Nirt-ci, 

interest  paid  on  Deposit*.    Money  Loaned  on  Reai  Eutate. 
II.    DITT0X,  President. 
GEO.  M.  CONDEE   Cannier.  19vl6-3ni 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SAWYEK, 

No.  483  Brannan  Street San  Francujcu. 

And  No.  'J  g  St.,  bit.  First  and Second, 


2iv23-tf 


■ 


WK-   BAKTLIHG.  UXHET   KIMBALL. 

BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBIlVr>EK.!Bi, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

i>05  Cluy  .lr«?».*t.<aouthwcslcor.  Sansome), 
!Svl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SA.1V    FRANCISCO 

CORDAG E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y  . 

Manila  Ropo  of  all  sizes.  Also,  Balo  Rope  mid  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.  Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 

TUBUS  &  CO.,  Agents,    «9 

26  611  and  G13  Front  street. 


JOSEPH    aiLLOTT'S 

STEEL     PENS. 
Sold  riy  all  Donlcrs  tli roiiglioutltio  Worlrl. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SX2A.3L,     ENGRATEB, 

AND  LETTER  CUTTEK, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  608  Sacramento  street. 

Ban  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
This  Favorite  House  is  located  on  Jackson  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery;  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.    The  International  Coach  'will 
be  at  each  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In- 
ternational Hotel,  to  convoy  passengerB  to  the  Hotel 
yitEB,  aud  to  any  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates. 
F.  E.  WEY.GANT  &  H.  C.  PARTRIDGE, 
24v22-3m  Proprietors. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 

Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


\«,    :«l     KEAKXT    STREET, 
Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Selvee.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAX    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars.  . 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 

o.    115    CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

2ov20-qy 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agra ffe  Pianos. 

[GRAND,  [SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT.; 

Pianos  to  Let.  li^gyfcaj 

A.SHEYMAN, 

I  street,  bettveen  Sistli  and  Seventh, 
malS-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Saobamentp. 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


STOUT,    MILLS    &    TEMPLE, 

proprietors  or  the 
GLOBE     IKON     WORKS*, 

DAYTON.    OHIO. 

Hydraulic 

ENGINEERS, 

Patentees         '^1, 
and  T-*' 

Manufacturers         \ 


Pttf    oont.     "I    PoWM    ennranleod 
OpViiii:  niual  to  any  Oyi 

American   Turbine  Water  Wheel, 

MILL  GEARING:  AND  SHAFTING 
Of  all  Descriptions,  and  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

Water  Powers  Estimated  and  Plant.  FnrnlflnM. 

A.  L.  STOUT.  W.  M.  MILLS,  J.  TEMPLE. 


Send  for  Descriptlvo  Oil 


OVER    300    IN    USE. 

BEST    IN    THE    MARKET. 

Engines,    Pumps,   Etc.,   Manufactured  and 
ou  Hand. 

1E7"  For  pamphlets  and  testimonials  address 

ROOT  STEAM  ENGINE  CO., 

Twenty-eighth  Street,  corner  Seeond  Avenue, 
20v22-eow-2Gt  NEW  York. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 
Myl        W.itj.2  FUj.3 


Fiff.£ 

m 

w 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs, Emery-Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  21th.  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Juno,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON.  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


BELF-OILER8. 


WATERS* 


SELF' 


O  I  Xu  E  R.  S. 

PATENTED  October  21, 1862; 
July  G,  1867;  July  23  and  Sept. 
22, 18G8,  and  June  20, 1869. 

Glass  reservoir,  with  white 
metal  coupling  cast  on. 

Substantial  brass  stem,  with 
graduating  plug— V  Blot  on 
one  side,  as  shown  in  magni- 
fied cut — in  the  top. 

The  best  and  cheapest 
OILER  in  the  market;  perfect 
lubrication  on  looso  pulleys  and  all  kinds  of  bearings. 
Any  kind  of  Oil  in  any  kind  of  weather.  Price,  $4.60 
per  dozen    Liberal  discount  to  agents  and  to  the  trade. 

WATERS    &    CO., 
nol8-3m      164  Elm  st,  near  Fourth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


Phcenixville    Bridge    'Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Beidqes,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Etc. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli 
cation  to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila 
delphia.  ap8-ly 


Situation  as  Chemist  "Wanted. 

The  undersigned,  having  completed  the  working 
course  of  Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College,  Easton.  Pa., 
including  Dry  Assay  of  OreB  and  Blowpipe  Analysis, 
desires  a  situation  requiring  a 

Practical  Knowledge  of  Chemistry. 
By  permission  refers  to  Dr.  Traill  Green,  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College. 

B.  CHAMBERS,  JB-, 
20v23-3m  Chamborsburg.Pa. 


VXC1CS 

FLORAL    GUIDE     FOR    1872. 

Over  One  Hundred  Papea, 
Printed  in  Two  Colors,  on  superb  Tinted  Paper.    Forn 

Huhdbkd  Bxouvraoi  ol  Flowers,  Pluita  ind  Vegeta- 
bles, with  Descriptions,  and  i 

TWO    COLORED    PLATES. 

Directions  and  plans  for  making  Voiles,  Lawns,  Gar- 
dens,  etc.  Thu  handsomest  and  best  FLORAL  CM  LDB 
in  the  World.    All  rarTBHOsan  irbothlns 

of  buying  Seods.     Nut  a  quarter  the  00 
Of  1871.     Address  JAMES  VICE, 

ajffSS  Boortester,  N.Y. 


First  Premiums  swarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 

&IICRO8COPE8, 

Illustrated   Prlco   List   sent   freo. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Ostsloguo,   priced    and  Illustrated,  sent   free. 

McALLls'iut,  Optician,  -i'.i  Nsssso;  street,  New  York 

3v23-ly 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   «lt    CALIFORMA    STREKT, 

BAN  FRANCISOO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

A.n&    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
int"  the  Interior,  i«  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
wuy  superior  to  auy  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three     Gold    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG 
RICULTURAL  SOCIETY    for    tho    superiority    of    our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HEROULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blabtin 
ponder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  brfltntaiued  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary 


H.    &    L.    AXLE    GREASE. 

The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  ovEit  twenty  years,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to 

EEDITOE  THE  FRICTION  ON  AXLES, 

And  thus  Rolieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 
Far  heyond  tho  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H.  &  L.  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  AT  AS  LOW  A 
RATE  as  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being 
forced  upon  the  market, 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT 

Invite  all  who  desiro  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the 

H.    &    Ij.    JLX.TAH    GREASE. 

See  that  the  brand  H.  &  L.  is  on  tho  red  cover  of  the 
package,  and  take  no  other. 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT, 

Manufacturers  and  Sole  Proprietors. 


Factory,  145  Natoma  street, 
Depot,  320  Jackson  street, 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 
3v24-eowr 


MINERS,  ATTENTION! 

ML\ERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  ARE  HEREBY 
cautioned  against  Making,  Buying,  Selling  or  Using, 
what  is  known  as  R.lt.  &  J.  CRAIG'S  NEW  AND  IM- 
PROVED HYDRAULIC  JOINT  OR  NOZZLE,  as  the 
same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  un- 
dersigned secured  by  Letters  Patent  No.  108,658,  dated 
Oct.  25th,  1870,  known  as  Watson's  "  Hydraulic  Cham- 
pion," and  all  parties  participating  in  such  infringe- 
ment will  bo  rigorously  prosecuted. 

THOMAS  WATSON, 
Proprietor  of  Watson's  Hydraulic  Champion. 

Dated  Nevada  City,  Jan.  2d,  1872.  2v24-lm_ 

WM,  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAG-E    SPRING    "WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAR, 

And  all  kindB  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

— FOR— 

Molding ,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc . 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
25v23-tf 


GILES   ii.  GRAY. 


JAMES    M.    BAVEN. 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  L.AW, 

:tflc  Insurance  Co.. 

a  and  Leidesdorflst) 

SAK  FRANOIOO. 


J.     R.    ANDREWS, 

SUCCESSOR  TO 

F.  MANSELL  &  CO., 
House    and     Sign     Painters, 

412   PINE  STREET,    SAN    FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  .st. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental Sign  Work. 


Country    Orderw    .V 1 1  einlcd    to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     Dispatch. 

26v23-3rn-bp 


Phelps'  Patent  Animal  Trap, 


FOR  GOPHERS,  SQIRRELS,  RATS,  CAYOTES, 
uud  other  "  Varmints." 

This  Trap,  as  may  be  seen,  is  of  simple  construction 
and  not  likely  to  get  out  of  order,  and  very  durable 

It  is  Very  Efficient 
andean  be  used  conveniently  by  women  or  children. 
THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST  YET  INVENTED.  Price 
so  cents.  By  mail,  prepaid  (to  places  where  oxprcsa 
charges  are  high),  $1.  A  liberal  discount  to  clubs  or 
dealers  Who  buy  "by  the  dozen.  Address  the  inventor 
and  manufacturer,  D.  N.  PHELPS, 

al-lyawbp  San  Leandro,  Alameda  County,  Cal. 


Mechanics'  Institute. 

Entrance  27  Post  Street  (bet.  Kearny  and'  Montgomery) 
SAN    FRANCISCO.      ' 

Tho  Library  of  Reference,  the  Library,  Reading  Room 
and  Chess  Room  are  open  from  8  a.m.  until  10  P.M.  every 
day,  (except  Sundays  and  Legal  Holidays) . 

Tho  Society  possesses  a  Library  of  18,000  volumes— 
the  most  valuable  technical  and  scientific  library  on  tho 
Coast,  embracing  the  transactions  of  tho  leading  Solan.' 
tine  Societies  of  tho  United  States  and  Europe,  (among 
which  are  tho  philosophical  transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Great  Britain,  complete),  and  tho  standard, 
scientific  and  technical  works;  and  is  in  immediate  re- 
ceipt of  all  new  standards  publications. 

The  Reading  Room  is  supplied  with  tho  current  peri- 
odicals and  newspapers  of  the  day. 

The  Mechanics'  Institute  is  open  to  all,  and  th- 
Trustees  will  be  pleased  to  havo  visitors  and  others  ine 
spect  the  Rooms. 

Entrance  Fee,  $1.00.  Quarterly  Dues  (in  advance) 
$1.60.    Life  Membership,  $50. 

Important    to    Minns. 


FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver, 

For  particulars  address 
WATERS  «Se  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24-3m 


H.    M.    BALCH, 

432  Kearny  St.,  S.  E,  corner  of  California  Bt.  (up  stairs, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Repairs  and  Tunes 

ALL   KINDS   OF 

MUSICAL     INSTRUMENTS, 

Either  Brass,  Reed  or  String. 

Special  attention  given  to  PIANOS, 
ORGANS  or  MELODEONS. 

Mr.  B  is  a  practical  workman  of  twenty- 
five  years  experience,  and  employs  none 
but  experienced  workmen. 

ORDERS  from  the  country  attended  promptly. 
8v23-3msa 


W.  H.  GORRTLL,  PrOS't. 


F.  maloon,  Sec'y. 


Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  Wooden  and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  specifications  furnished  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  sent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  stone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

Address  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

3v2-3m-eow  Oakland  Cal. 


DIVIDEND    NOTICE. 
Savings  and  Loan  Nociety, 

619  CLAY  STREET,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

A  DIVIDEND,  Free  of  Federal  Tax,  of  10  per  cent,  per 
annum  on  all  deposits  for  the  six  months  ending  De- 
cember 31,  1871,  has  been  declared,  payable  immedi- 
ately.   By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

jalS-2w  CYRUS  W.  CARMANY.  Secretary. 


BC.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


JOHN  J.  NEWS0M, 

Architect, 
No.  430  Montgomery  street,  over  the  U.  S.  Treasnry, 
25v2-6m  San  Francisco. 


60 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[Januafy  27,  1872. 


Mining  Accidents. 

A  miner  employed  at  Badger  Hill,  Ne- 
vada, fell  from  a  flume  on  which  he  was  at 
work,  last  week,  and  was  instantly 
killed. 

A  man  named  Myers  fell  from  a  flume 
in  Grizzly  Canon  on  the  16th  inst.,  and 
was  killed.  Deceased  was  about  50  years 
of  age. 

John  Sprague  was  badly  injured  in  a 
claim  on  Iowa  Hill  by  a  cobble-stone  fall- 
ing from  the  top  of  the  bank  and  striking 
him  on  the  head,  fracturing  his  skull; 
his  recovery  is  doubtful. 

A  Frenchman  named  Joseph  Borchat, 
employed  in  Garland's  Sulphuret  Works 
in  Lower  But  Gulch,  Calaveras  county, 
was  severely  injured  by  falling  down  a 
flight  of  stairs  into  the  gulch  below. 

At  the  Creole  Shaft  of  the  Baymond  & 
Ely  Cos.'  mines,  says  the  Ely  Record,  on 
the  evening  of  the  ]5th  inst.,  an  accident 
occurred,  by  which  two  men,  Driscoll 
and  Bradley,  were  severely  injured.  A 
plank  that  was  lowered  into  the  mine  got 
loose  from  the  bucket  and  struck  the 
shaft.  When  the  bucket  was  raised  again 
it  loosened  the  plank  which  fell  to  the  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft,  striking  two  men,  one  of 
whom  had  his  arm  broken  and  hand  badly 
injured.  The  other  man  sustained  a  com- 
pound fracture  of  the  left  thigh  bone,  and 
his  hand  also  bruised  and  lacerated. 

J.  A.  Davis,  workins  in  the  Newton  Booth 
mine,  on  the  10th  inst.,  was  injured  in  the 
head  by  a  piece  of  rock  falling  down 
the  shaft.  The  bucket  In  passing  up, 
struck  the  side  of  the  shaft,  dislodged 
the  rock,  which  fell  about  75  feet  before 
strking  Davis.  He  was  stooping  over  at 
the  time  he  received  the  blow.  The  in- 
juries, though  painful,  aro  not  of  adanger- 
ous  character. 


Reduction  Works  Burned. — The  Stew- 
art Beduction  Works  at  Georgetown,  Col., 
were  totally  destroyed  by  fire  on  the  16th 
inst.  The  fire  is  supposed  to  have  origin- 
ated from  hot  ore  thrown  from,  an  Arey 
furnace  on  to  the  cooling  floor.  The  loss 
is  reported  at  $60,000  of  which  $20,000  is 
covered  by  insurance.  These  works  were 
built  in  1870  at  a  cost  said  to  have  been 
$150,000.  They  contained  eight  reverber- 
atory  furnaces,  which  were  in  daily  ope  ra- 
tion until  the  beginning  of  this  year,  when 
an  Arey  furnace  was  put  in  operation.  The 
Denver  Tribune  says  that  arrangements 
had  been  completed  for  the  construction 
of  a  Krom  concentrator. 

Three  several  reduction  works  have  been 
destroyed  by  fire  in  Clear  Creek  County 
during,  the  past  year.  There  are  but  two 
mills  now  remaining — the  German  Beduc- 
tion Works  at  Georgetown  and  the  Inter- 
national Mill  at  East  Argentine.  The 
Stewart  works  treated  ore  containing  from 
50'to  a  100  ounces  of  silver  per  ton-just  the 
class  which  predominates  at  Georgetown, 
and  to  the  people  of  that  town  the  loss  is  a 
severe  calamity.  It  is,  however,  contem- 
plated to  rebuild  them. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

CaMJTOENIA  Fuenituee  Mandtactueing  Co. — 
Jan.  19.  Object — To  manufacture,  import, 
buy  and  sell  furniture  and  upholstery.  Capi- 
tal stock,  $600,000  in  600  shaves.  Trustees :  "N. 
P.  Cole,  O.  W.  Merriam,  E.  Foster,  J.  P. 
Whitney  and  G-.  Whitney. 

Muepht  M.  Co.— Jan.  19.  Object^-To  mine 
in  Twin  Kiver  District,  Nye  county,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  S3,000,000  in  60,000  shares. 
Trustees:  J.  D.  Hayne,  H.  Benchy,  J.  W.  Gash- 
wiler,  T.  Bell  and  J.  A.  Boalt. 

Kingston  M.  Co.— Jan.  22.  Objects— Mining 
and  milling  ores  containing  precious  metals 
from  certain  veins,  or  lodes,  of  quartz  rock  in 
Ely  Mining  District,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  $1,000,000  in  30,000  shares. 
Trustees:  W.  J.  Williams,  L.  W.  Greenwell,  M. 
Schmitt,  G.  D,  Eoberts  and  J.  C.  Maynard. 

Huhn  and  Hunt  Silver  M.  Co.— Jan.  23. 
Object— Mining,  etc.,  in  Ely  Mining  District, 
Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  Capital  $3,000,000. 
Trustees:  L.  A.  Booth,  N.  O.  Fasset,  G.  D. 
Eoberts,  E,  A.  Head,  E.  B.  Bail,  E.  Huhn  and 
J.  Clark. 

Pacific  Lancet  Publication  Association. — 
Jan.  23.  Objects — Scientific  purposes,  and  espe- 
cially foi-  the  publishing  of  a  medical  and  scien- 
tific serial.  Trustees:  W.  F.  Smith,  W.  T. 
Brodburg,  C.  M.  Bates,  H.  H.  Toland,  K.  Bev- 
erly Cole,  A.  A.  O'Neil  and  E.  Trenor. 


Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips's  Book  Reviewed  by 
the  Overland  Monthly. 

[IsBued  and  sold  by  Dewki  &Co.,  Scientific  Phess 
Office,  San  Francisco.] 

The  title-page  to  this  volume  suffi- 
ciently indicates  its  general  scope  and  pur- 
pose. A  work  of  this  kind  has  been  much 
needed  by  those  interested  in  mining  on 
this  coast.  The  author  has  performed  his 
labor  well,  and,  with  the  .exception  of 
some  minor  imperfections  of  style,  pro- 
duced not  only  a  well-arranged,  and  some- 
what original,  but  also  a  highly  interest- 
ing and  useful  work.  The  book  contains 
640  octavo  pages  ;  illustrative  of  the  sev- 
eral subjects  treated — some  of  these  being 
original — and  the  whole  creditable,  as  re- 
gards mechanical  execution.  The  first 
section  of  the  work  is  devoted  to  a  consid- 
eration of  geology  and  mineralogy,  wherein 
the  author  treats  of  the  structure  of  the 
earth,  tracing  it  from  its  initial  chaotic 
state  to  the  earliest  appearance  of  its  prim- 
itive' mountains  ;  the  formation  of  its  va- 
rious rocks ;  the  theory  of[earthquakes  ;  its 
vein  system,  etc.  Some  of  the  ideas  set 
forth  in  these  chapters,  though  strikingand 
unique,  are  well  sustained.  Part  second 
is  devoted  to  the  subject  of  exploration  or 
"  prospecting,"  giving  directions  how  and 
where  to  carry  on  the  business ;  pointing 
out  the  most  favorable  formation  in  which 
to  seek  for  metalliferous  veins,  and  the 
best  methods  of  ascertaining  their  value, 
etc. — all  of  which  cannot  fail  to  be  of 
great  service  to  that  class  for  whose  use  it 
was  chiefly  intended.  Section  fourth  is 
occupied  with  questions  relating  to  min- 
ing and  engineering — a  branch  in  which 
our  people  have  been  especially  deficient, 
and  who  must,  therefore,  be  proportion- 
ately profited  by  what  is  here  said.  In 
this  department  the  author  seems  to  be 
entirely  at  home,  the  whole  subject  having 
been  treated  in  a  masterly  and  exhaustive 
manner ;  mechanical  engineering,  both 
above  and  below  the  surface,  the  best 
style  of  engine  and  machinery  for  hoisting, 
pumping,  concentrating,  crushing,  and 
for  effecting  the  various  other  operations 
required,  being  ably  handled.  The  last 
system  is  devoted  to  metallurgy ;  the 
various  means  and  methods  adopted  in 
the  treatment  of  refractory  ores,  both  in 
their  reduction,  and  with  a  view  to  dimin- 
ish their  weight  to  insure  cheaper  con- 
veyance to  market,  being  ably  discussed 
and  intelligently  disposed  of. 

This  book,  while  well  arranged  and  vig- 
orously written,  shows  signs  of  having 
been  prepared  in  haste  ;  the  style,  as  be- 
fore remarked ,  leaving  the  impression  on 
the  reader's  mind  that  the  author  had  been, 
at  times,  greatly  hurried.  His  meaning 
is,  nevertheless,  always  clear,  and  his  lan- 
guage good  Anglo-Saxon  ;  while,  so  far  as 
the  mere  graces  of  style  are  concerned,  it 
could  hardly  be  expected  that  they  would 
receive  much  attention  in  a  book  like  this: 
we  might  almost  say  that  any  attempt  at 
"  fine  writing  "  would  be  a  blemish  in  a 
work  of  this  kind.  The  man  who  has  had 
to  wrestle  with  ponderous  machinery,  who 
has  passed  his  days  amidst  the  hissing  of 
steam  and  the  pounding  of  engines,  or 
down  in  the  dripping  alcoves  of  the  mine, 
could  have  had  but  little  leisure  for  the 
study  of  rhetoric,  and  few  will  complain 
that  he  has  attempted  to  introduce  so  little 
of  it  into  this  volume.  He  has  rendered 
to  the  leading  industry  of  the  coast  a  val- 
uable service — has  furnished  the  mill-man 
and  miner  a  safe  and  much-needed  practi- 
cal guide — having  earned  for  himself,  all 
things  considered,  the  credit  of  producing 
one  of  the  most  useful  works  ever  issued 
from  the  press  of  San  Francisco. 


Daily  Record, 


By  the  U.  S.  Army  Signal  Service,  for  the  week  ending 
"Wednesday,  January  21, 1872. 


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—  04 


The  Assembly  has  passed  the  bill  for  the 
relief  of  James  W.  Marshall,  the  discoverer 
of  gold  in  California,  giving  him  ©200  per 
month  for  two  years.  It  now  goes  to  the 
Senate. 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  &  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street.] 

PRICKS  FOR  IXVOICBS 

JdHbini}  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quotations^ 

Tkubsdat,  January  25, 1872 

IltoN.— 

Scotch  amlEEnglish  Pig  Iron,  ~tfS  ton $52  50    @  55  00 

White  Pig,  %i  ton - js  on    <£ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^*  lb.. 
Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  ^  lb 

Boiler.  No.  1  to  4 —  i 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  - 

Sh.?ot,  No.  10  to  13 —  I 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  21) —  I 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —  ( 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths, .Miners,  eto.      5     @ 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  ^  Tb —  24    (§ 

Sheathing,  Yellow — —  24    fi 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  H    (g 

Composition  Nails —  24 

Composition  Bolts —  24 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal.  IXf  bos 12  00 

Plates,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs.  7$  lb -. 

Steel.— English  Cast,  ^  lb 

Drill 

Flat  Bar 

Plough  Points 

Russia  (for  mould Jboards) 

Quicksilver.— %i  lb 

Lead.— Pig,  $  ft --05 

Sheet —  03 

Pipe —    9 

Bar 08 

Zinc— Sheets,  f,  ft —  10 

Borax.— Refined —  25 

Boras,  crude —    5 


@  —  04% 

@  — 05 


-  U!4 


10  50 


-  16 


na 


—  06!^ 

-  m 

-10 


Two  of  the  Japanese  party  are  visiting 
the  mines  of  Grass  Valley. 


A  Prospector's  Manual. 

Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Com- 
panion, comprising  a  practical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  Exploration,  Mining,  Engineering, 
Assaying  and  Metallurgy.  By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  San 
Francisco.  Dewey  &  Co.,  1S71.  Volume  I.  8vo.,  pp. 
640.  Mr.  Phillips  has  written  a  book  that  deserves  the 
favor  of  the  miners  and  prospectors  of  the  Pacific  slope. 
It  is  "written  with  special  reference  to  their  wants,  and 
contains  much  information  in  which  they  are  generally 
deficient.  *  *  *  Of  the  640  pages  he  devotes  99  to  ge- 
ology and  mineralogy,  29  to  prospecfug,  930  to  assay- 
ing, 140  to  mining  and  engineering,  and  150  to  the  main 
principles  of  mecaUurgv.  This  brief  classification  of 
the  subjects  of  this  volume  serves  only  to  give  a  general 
idea.  Eaoh  branch  is  treated  with  clear  style  and  full 
information.  There  ai-o  no  words  without  ideas,  and 
no  ideas  without  practical  value.  Prospectors  mav  im- 
agine that  they  do  not  need  to  study  books  like  this";  but 
we  tell  them  that  tho.=e  who  prefer  to  remain  ignorant 
will,  in  the  course  of  a  few  years,  be  superceded  by 
others  who  will  learn  a  few  fundamental  principles. 
The  book  is  free  from  trash,  and  solid  throughout;  all 
its  matter  is  intelligible  to  men  of  ordinary  education, 
and  all  of  it  is  valuable  to  miners.— Daily  Alia,  Dec.  2-iWi. 


Leather  Market  Report, 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Poet  St.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday.  January  25, 1872. 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  i>rices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather.  ^  lb 2fi@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  %  lb 2ffc)29 

Country  Leather,  ^  ft 25@28 

The  market  is  well  supplied  with  French  stocks,  and 
prices  have  a  downward  tendency.  Heavy  California  skins 
are  lirm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot, 8  Kil.,  perdoz  ...560  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil.,  perdoz 76  00(ju  95  00 

Jodot,  second  choice.  11  to  15  Kil,  ^  doz GO  00®  80  00 

Lemome.  1H  to  19  Kjl  ,  %t  doz  95  00@ 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  00(S  70  00 

Oornellian,  1(5  Kil..  per  doz 7u  00© 

Cornellian,  12  to  14 Kil.,  perdoz 60  00®  68  00 

Ogerau  Calf,  ^  doz 54  00(g) 

Simon,  18  K\\.M  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  %  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  tj*  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00@  40  00 

French  Kips.  "f>  ft 1  io®    1  30 

California  Kip,  ¥1  doz 65  00  to  80  00 

French  Sh^ey,  all  colors,  ^  doz 15  00 

EasternCalf  for  Backs,  "$  lb 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  $  doz 8  00@  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings.^  doz 5  50®  10  50 

California  Kussoi  t  Sheup  Linings 1  75@    5  50 

Beat  Jodot  Cai  f  Boot  Legs,  ^  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  $  pair 4  50@    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ^  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ~$  lb 30@    37V 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  f>  doz 48  00®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ^  lb 34(f§    371*; 

Welt  Leather,  ^  doz 30  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  $  foot 17@        21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  &  foot 18®       20 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scien- 
tific Press  .and  other  San  FranciBco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  ASSESSMENT  DELINQUENT.      OF  BALB. 

Alhambra  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  9,  50c.Jan.  13— Feb.  5* 
Buckeye  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9,  $1  .Feb.  13,  Mar  14 
Cherokee  Flat,  Butte  Co..  Jan.  3,  52.50. ..Feb.  G-Feb.  23 

El  Dorado  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Dec.  7,  25c Jan.  24— Feb.  14 

Ely  Consolidated,  Nev.,  Nov.  27,  50c Jan.  8— Jan.  30 

Emerald  Hill  M.  Co.,TJ.T.,  Jan  11,  25c— Feb.  19,  Mar.  14 
Empire  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  5,  $10... Feb.  8— Feb.  26 
General  Lee  S.  M.  Co.,  W.  P,  Dec,  5,  lOc.Jan.  10— Jan.  30 

Hale  &  Norcross,  Nev., Dec.  14,  $5 Jan.  18— Feb.  7 

Ida  Ellmore,  Idaho.  Dec.  30  $3.00 Jan.  31— March  4 

Imperials.  M.  Co.,  Nev  ,  Jan.  5,  $10 Feb.  8,  Feb,  26 

Jackson  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Dec.  8,  25c. . .  .Jan.  10— Jan.  29 

Kentuck,  Nev..  Jan.  20,  $10 Feb.  24— Mar.  13. 

Kincaid  Flat  M.  Co.,  Dec.  11$2.50 Jan.  17— Feb.  7* 

Lemon,  Nev.,  Jan.  6,  50c Feb,  10 — March  2 

LiUian  HallM.Co.,Ely  Dist.,Nov.l8,  50c.,Dec.27,-Jan.  23 

Mammoth,  White  Pine,  Dec.  13,  10c Jan.  18— Feb.  8 

Meadow  Valley,  Ely  Dist.,  Nov.  27,  50c. .  .Jan.  9— Jan.  31 
Mina  KicaM.  Co.,  Cal..  Jan.  16,  20c. Feb.  19— March  11* 

Monitor  &  Magnet,  N.  T.  Dec.  4,  25c Jan.  23— Feb.  17 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan  8,  25c.  .Fe  5— Fe  22* 
Nevada  Con.  Borax  Co.,  Nov,  29,  5  cts..Jan.  10 — Jan.  29* 
Nevada  L.  and  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9.  4c. Feb.  13— Mar.  4* 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  20,  $2 Jan.  24— Feb.  14 

Overman,  Nev.,  Feb.  22.  $4 Feb.  22— Mar.  11. 

Phcenis.Nev.,  Jan.  IS,  75c Feb.  22— Mar.  13. 

Pioche  W.  Ex,  Ely  Dist.,  Nov.  23,  $1.50.  .Jan.  4— Jan.  27 
Pioche  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  18,  $1.50. .  .Jan.  25— Feb.  10 
Pocahontas  G,  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Nov.  29,  $5. .Jan.  6 — Jan.  30* 
Quail  Hill  M.  and  W.  Co.,  Dec.  19,  $5..  Jan.  23—  Feb.  13* 
Silver  Wave,  White  Pine,  Dec.  19,  $3. .Jan.  25— Feb.  23* 

Silver  Wave,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  SI Feb.  26— Mar.  19* 

Spring  Mount  Co.,  Ely  DiBt,  Nov.  27,  50c.  Jan.  7 — Jan.  29 
Succor,  M.  M.  Co.,  G.  H.,  Jan.  3,  $1.50. ..Feb  6    Feb.  27 

Tecumseh  G.  S.  &  C.  Co.,  Dec.  5,  $3 Jan.  9— Jan.  30* 

Talluiab.  M.Co.,  Humboldt  Co.  Nev., Nov  29-$l,Jan  3,  30 

Tecumseh,  Cal.,  Jan.  23,  $4 Feb.  27— Mar.  16.* 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  4,  $1,00 Feb.  5— Feb.  26* 

Washington  &  Creole,  Nev,  Nov.  27,50c. .  .Jan.  3— Feb.  1 
Wm.  Penn,  Nev.  Jan.  16,  50c Feb.  10— Mar.  11* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Belcher  Miuing  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jan.  30 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Co . .  Annual  Meeting,  Feb .  3 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS—  (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $10 Jan.  10 

ChollarPotosl,  $1 Payable  Dec.  11 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Jan.  10 

Crown  Point,  $10 Payable  Jan.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  6 

Meadow  Valley,  $1.50 Payable  Dec.  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Jan.  10 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  Dec.  18 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  Dec.  5 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


University  op  California.— The  Preparatory  Depart- 
ment is  under  the  charge  of  five  Professors  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  six  tutors. 

Besides,  the  studieB  of  the  public  schools,  Algebra, 
Geometry,  Latin,  Greek,  German,  French,  Spanish  and 
Book-Keeping  are  taught. 

Terms:  Board  and  tuition,  4  weeks,  $30.  Students  re- 
ceived at  any  time.  George  Tait,  Oakland,  Master 
Fifth  Class.  ee9bptf 

The  Evangel,  Office,  414  Clay  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco. Terms,  $4  per  year,  in  advance.  The  Evangel 
is  the  organ  of  the  Baptist  Denomination  for  the  Pacific 
States  and  Territories.  All  efforts  on  the  part  of 
brethren  and  friends  to  extend  its  circulation  will  he 
gratefully  appreciated.  $3,  for  one  year's  subscription, 
will  bo  received  from  new  subscribers,  strictly  in  ad- 
vance. Address  "Evangel,  San  Francisco,  Cal." 
Sample  copies  furnished  free.  4v3-lambptf 


$5  to  S20  per  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
Bon  River  Wire  Works,  75  William  street,  N.  Y„  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-I2mbp 


Ladieb  Desiring  to  Procure  a  Ftest-Class  Sewesg 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21vl-12mbp 


Give  Your  Old  Address  when  you  want  the  paper 
sent  to  a  new  one.  We  cannot  afford  to  look  over  sev- 
eral thousand  names  to  stop  it  at  the  former  P.  0. 

Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


MARAVILLA  C000A.— No  breakfast  table  is  complete 
withoutthis  delicious  beverage.  The  Globesaye;  "Various 
importers  and  manufacturers  have  attempted  to  attain  a 
reputation  for  their  prepared  Cocoas,  but  we  doubt  whether 
any  thorough  success  had  been  achieved  until  Messrs, 
Taylor  Brothers  discovered  the  extraordinary  qualities  of 
'Mara villa"  Cocoa.  Adapting  their  perfect  system  of 
preparation  to  this  finest  of  all  species  of  the  Theobroma, 
they  have  produced  an  article  which  supercedes  every  other 
Cocoa  in  the  market.  Entire  solubility,  a  delicate  aroiua- 
aud  a  rare  concentration  of  the  purest  elements  of  nutri- 
tion, distinguish  the  Maravilla  Cocoa  above  all  others.  Foi 
homoeopaths  and  invalids  we  could  not  recommend  a  more 
agreeable  or  valuable  beverage."  Sold  in  packets  only  by 
ad  Grocers,  of  whom  also  may  be  had  Tavlor  Brothers 
Original  Homoeopathic  Cocoa  and  Soluble  Chocolate 
Steam  Mills— Brick  Lane,  London.  Export  Chicory  Mills 
Bruges,  Belgium.  fe25-ly 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 

Cor.    3?Ii*st    and    AXiesion    Sts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Cnushiug  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to   order. 

Steamboat  Kepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.     Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thicknesB  or  siz9. 

Irrigating-    Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J. BOOTH.  GEO.W.PRESCOTT.  IRVING M. SCOTT. 
4v*24-lyslamr 


FARMS  AND  STOCK  RANGES, 

On  Government,  State  and  Railroad  Lands, 

IN    NEVADA. 

Having  surveyed  a  large  portion  of  the  public  domain 
in  Northern  Nevada,  I  am  prepared  to  select,  locate  and 
obtain  title  for  parties  desiring  Io  Becure  such  lands,  in 
qnantities  to  BUit,  and  on  the  most  favorable  terms. 
Address  or  apply  to  A.  J.  HATCH, 

22v2-3msa  U,  S.  Deputy  Surveyor,  Reno,  Nev. 


January  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


6] 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


-• 

■ 

i»g—u *i-A  U  (A#  «ry  UUU  htmr  u4  can  rwrU*  adt^rtUe»ttttK 


Alhambra  Hill  Mining  Company—Location 

_«.  Alhaiubm  UI11,    Pl&tO   lilstiKl,  '.. 
.">■ ,  N'V»d». 

■re   delinquent    upon  the    following 
1  stock,    on   account  of  Aueatmenl  (No.    li 

1.  the  Ninth  daj 
Mt  uppooile  (he  iiMiice  ul  thu  rwpeeliveitliiuv- 
ri  o»  follow*: 
Name*.  -Vj  of  certificate.        No.  share*.        Amount. 

$  1  9BU 'J » 

'•       ••  ua 

rim  h ■* 

('.  }-.  ft  hiMt.it    ■■        ■•  •_'  :t  L36.Sg 

B.  BUlnheimor "        "  MH  136  Bfl 

..  nlth  -r ■'        "  I*2fl.S0 

D.  H.  Jukaoii " 

ulu.-LiT "  '*  l'il 

!.ly ■'  '■  l'U 

D.  B.  Arrowimlth...    "       "  Ml  so.fiu 

John  BhfttllUU "         "  101  80.60 

"       "  BOM  ii'-:'' 

lance   with   law.   ami  on  ord._r  of    the 

Hoard  of  Tmilew,  made  on  the  Ninth  day  of  December, 

each  paroel  ol  said  itock  as  may 

rv,  \\\l[  li-  told  at  public  BUilloU  by  Maum, 

■fongomeiy  streiat,  on  the  Fifth 

it  the  hour  or  19  o'clock  at.,  of 

ti  Unoment  ai>.-<  ssmi  at  thereon, 

togethi  r  with  ••  iste  i  t  edvertuung  and  expenai 

HENRI  '••  LANOl  I 

Office-— 01-'  Clay  htr.  et,  JfiitMW 

Caution— Eagle  Quicksilver  Mining  Com- 

■  m.  .Santa  Barbara  Oounty,  Col. 

public  nut  to  purchase  or 

iti    following  named  shares,  designated  bj 

ic  dolinquonl   owners  in  the  bagle  Uuiok- 

ling  Company.    They  were  iluly  advertised  and 

sold  in  fallal  pnbUc  paction,  u  i>>  law,  and  the  articles  ol 

John  Mi  dale  ton  and  Son,  Auction- 

tho  nth  daj  ol  January)  1872,  fur  di-lin- 

>n  and. aocrutoif  costs  of  advortlB- 

Lngand  •.  rp  .  nid  will  not  be  transferred  by  said 

Shares  sold. 

P i 

I     L.  A  •* 

li.  II 1 

i  I  !i 

1*0  toT    1 

Williams,  Mnt.  Sarah I 

WM.  11.  WATSON". 
-  of  Kuglo  Quicksilver  Mining  Company,  Room  5, 

Nn.  -HIJ  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

,  -■,  [<,:.  jal3-3t 

Kincaid   Flat  Mining  Company— Location 

Oi  works,  Tuolumne  County,  Statu  of  California. 

Nora  b,— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  levied  on  the 
llth  day  i.if  December,  ls71,  the  several  amounts  Bet  op- 
posite the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as  fol- 
lows: 

Names.  No.  Ccrtificato.  No.  ShareB.  Aro't. 
F.  "assault 93 50 $125  00 

.Vinl  in  accordance 'With  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  thu  nth  duy  of  Dec* m bur,  lts7l,so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  utoek  as  may  he  nec- 
esB&ry,  will  bu  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  Secretary's 
Of&CB,  No.  220  Clay  street,  SaU  Francisco,  California, 
on  Wednesday,  the  Tthday  of  February,  187'.;,  at  the 
hour  of  10  o'clock  a.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  s.id  delin- 
•jiiLiit  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  Adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale. 

it.  H.  CORNELL,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  220  Clay  ttreut,  San  Francisco,  Cal.       j203t 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company — Location  of 

works.  Auburn*  District,   Placor    county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

No. ice  i»  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Comp  -ny,  held  on  the  Ihtli  day  of  January 
1?..',  nu  assessment  oi  Twenty  (20)  oentaper  share  w.is  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately In  Untied  States  gold  and  BiWercoin,  to  tho  Secre- 
tary at  thu  081  oe  of  the  company,  room  No.  'J,  418  California 
etreeti  San  PranoiBoo,  California. 

Any  Btock  upon  which  said  a.saeesrnonl  shall  remain  un- 
paid ou  Monday,  thu  lyth  day  of  February-.  1872.  shall  bu 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  lor  sale  by 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  be  mad';  before,  will  he 
sold  on  Monday,  thu  llth  day  of  March,  1872,  to  pity  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
t.nd  expensea  of  sale,  lly  order  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees. 
CEO.  R.SP1NNUY,  Secretary. 
Office— Room  No.  2.  third  lloor,  418  California  sireet,  Sim 
Francisco,  California.  ja2u-f»w 


Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany—Location of  works,  First  Carote,  Tuolumne  county, 
California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  <  'ompany,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  January, 
Wi,  an  assessment  of  Twenty-five  cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stuck  of  said  company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  Uuiled  States  told  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  company  a  offloe.  Any  stuck  upon  which  said  assess- 
ment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  5th  da.  of  Feb- 
ruary, l^iJ.  shall  he  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly 
advertised  for  Bale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  be  m. ut'.'  before  tho  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  M.,  will  be 
sold  ou  Thursday,  thu  22d  day  of  February.  '872,  to  pay  the 
delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  Halo.  By  order  of  tho  Board  of  Trustees. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 
Office,  4l8  Californiaetroot,  San  Franuisco.  jalEMw 


ROOT'S   PATENT    FORCE    BLAST    KOTARY   BLOWER. 

MANUFACTURED    AT 

The  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton,  Cal. 

A.WAEDED    THi:     FIRST     PREMIUM    AT    THE  IUIUS    EXPOSITION— PATENTED 

Nov.  l,  1864;  JULY  24,  1866;  AND  OCT.  ;»,  1806. 


Than    any    Blower 


Nevada  Consolidated   Borax  Company— 

Location  of  Works:  Columbus  and  Fish  Lake  Valleys, 

Esmeralda  County,  Slate  of  Nevada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
29th  day  of  November,  1871,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.    Am't. 

Charles  Myrtetus 15  3571        $178  55 

Charles  Myrtetus 16  3571  178  55 

Charles  Myrtetus 22  250  12  50 

Charles  Myrtetus 65  1220  61  00 

Oharles  Bell 1  5955  297  75 

Charles  Boll 20  2000  100  00 

CharlosBell 27  200  10  00 

Charles  Bell 28  100  5  00 

Charles  Bell 29  025i3        31  26 % 

Charles  Bell 30  2000  100  00 

Charles  Bell 31  200  10  00 

Charles  Bell 32  2000  100  00 

CharlesBell 33  20  100 

Charles  Bell 01  2161%       108  083$ 

SEHolcombe t 24  250  12  50 

S  EHolcombo 35  4167  208  35 

S  EHolcombe 59  729  36  45 

F  W  Fratt 25  250  12  50 

F  W  Fratt w 62  41  2  05 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  29th  day  of  November, 
1871,  so  many  shores  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as 
may  be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the 
office  of  the  company,  420  Montgomery  street.  Room  No. 
1,  (3d  Btory)  San  FranciBco,  Cal.,  on  Monday,  tho  29th 
day  of  January,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  11  o'clock  a.  m.  of 
Baid  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
J.  L.  SANFOBL,  Secretory. 
Office,  No.  420  Montgomery  Street,  {Room  No.  1)  3d 
Btory,  San  Francisco,  Oal. 


Steamships. 


One  of  these  Blowers  may  be  Been  at  W.  T.  Oarratt  k  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  Sun  Francisco;  Gould  &  Curry  and 
Savogo  S.  M.  Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C.  P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Caution.— Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  to  tho  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  parties, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  tho  requirement e  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUAETZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IRON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HORSE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OF  ALL  SIZES. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

4 -Hf  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation, Spruce  Mountain,  Antelope  and  Clifton  Districts, 
Elko  Oounty,  State  ol  Nevada. 

Noiio:  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  'Jth  day  of  .January. 
is;.',  iin  ;i--i's-iiunl,  of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
i  he  capital  stuck  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  company's 
offiOO,  Room  5,  No  302  Montgomery  street.  San  Francisco. 
Cal.  Anv -lock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  Tuesday,  the  lJth  day  of  February.  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  he  made  before. 
Will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  Jth  day  of  March,  it>72.  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  coats  of  advertis- 
ing  and  expenses  »f  sale. 

By  order  of  tho  Board 

Office,  Room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  street,   San  Fi 
cisco,  Cal.  WWw 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Salt  Springs  Valley,  Calaveras 
County, State  of  California. 

Notice.— There  ar&  delinquent  upon  tho  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
lyth  day  of  December,  1871,  tho  6overal  amount.- 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders, 
as  follows: 
Names.  No.  certificate.  No.  shares  Amount 

F.  S.  Spring,  Trustee 41  120  $600.00 

E.  J.  Deunison 42  1  5 .00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustee**,  made  ou  the  19th  day  of  December, 
1871,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
he  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company, No.  409  California  street,  (up  stairs,) 
San  Francisco,  Oal.,  on  the  13th  clay  of  February,  1872, 
at  tho  hcur  of  12  o'clock  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale. 

T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 
Office,  No.  409  California  street,  (up  Btoirs)  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.  jr27-3t 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company— -Location 

of   workBj    White   Pino     Mining   District,   Whito    Pine 
comity,  Nevada.  ,     .    ,_ 

Assessment  of  Three  (?3)dollars  per  share,  levied  Decem- 
ber 19th.  1871,  having  been  rescinded  by  vote  of  the  Board 

of  Trustees, 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  2  th  day  of  Jan- 
ary,  A.  u.  1872.  an.assQBsment  of  One  Dollar  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  thu  Company.  Any  stock  upon  Which  said  as- 
Hessini-nt  shall  reinaiu  unpaid  on  Monday,  thu  26th  day  of 
Fobuary,  A.  d.  I87'J,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent.  ,iml  Wl"  ,je 
duly  advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  mid  unless  pay- 
ment shall  be  made  be  lure,  will  he  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  tilth 
day  of  March  A.  u.,  l«72,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.        J.W.  CLARK,  Secy. 

Otfiee,  418  California  St.  San  Francisco.  jr27-4w. 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

ing  Com  puny.— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County.  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  23d  day  of  Jan- 
uary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  Four  ($1.00)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied  upon  thu  capital  stock  of  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin, 
to  tho  Socrotary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  5lfi  Keamv  street.  San  I'ranciseu,  California.  Adjt 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  27th  day  of  February,  1m72.  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Saturday,  the  Kith  day  of  March,  1S72,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  aud 
exnensesof  sale.     Byorderof  the  Board  of  'trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 
Office  516  Kearny  street.  San  Francisco,  Oal.  jr27td. 


Union  Gold  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county,  Statu  of  California. 

Notice  is  hcrubv  given,  that,  at  u  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  smd  Company,  held  on  the  Itli  day  of  January, 
1H72,  an  assessment  ot  one  dollar  (»l)  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  thu  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  Company,  Room  No.  'J'J.  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  street.  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment,  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  5th  day  of  February  1*72,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  forsalu  at  public  auction, 
and  unless  payment  shall  bo  made  before  will  be  sold  on 
Monday  the'jti'tb  dav  of  February,  1872,  to  pity  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  sole.     Byorderof  the  Hoard  of  Trustees. 

ALFRED  K.  DURBROW,  Secretary. 

OFFICE-Room  No.  22  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  jn4-4w. 


Wm.  Penn  Consolidated  Mining  Company 

—Location  of  works,  Storey  and  Lyon  counties,  State 

of  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  16th  day  of 
January,  1872,  on  assessment  of  50  cents  per  share  "was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the  company,  payable 
immediately,  in  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  tho  office 
of  the  company,  Rooms  3  and  4,  No.  3j8  Montgomery 
street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  Monday,  the  19th  day  of  February,  1872, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  bo  made 
before,  shall  he  sold  on  Monday,  the  llth  day  of 
March,  to  pay  the  deliuquent  assessment  thereon  to- 
gether with  cost  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
ja27-3t  HENRY  TOOMT,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  Btreet,  Rooms  3  and  4. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer, 
Mineral  Assayer,  Analyst,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Author  of  "  The  Explorers',  Miners',  and  Metallurg- 
ists' Companion." 

Inventor   of    the    Explorers',    Miners',    Millers',    and 
Smelters'  Friend,  the  Prospectors'  "  WEE  PET  "  Assay- 
ing Machine,  etc.,  which  obtained  a  Gold  Medal  at  the 
San  Francisco  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  1869. 
Patented  September  7, 1869. 


Arranged  for  tho  general  purposes *of  the  Analyst  and 
Assayer. 
Price,  with  instructions,  tools  and  fluxes,  $100. 

Practical  Instructions  in  all  kinds  of  Assay- 
ing, Discrimination  and  Analysis. 


^ZBKS&i&L^t 


lYANTdc  STRATT0N      ^Tift 

NESS  COLLEGE 
au-posTsr  - 

SANFRAncisc'0( 


IS  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  SCJOOL  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  inslructiou  is  valuable  to  persoriB  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  aud  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heald's  Col- 
lege JOUHN.iL. 

AddresB  E.  P.  HEALD, 

President  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 

3v3-eowbp 


TO 

QUARTZ  MINERS   AND  MILLMEN. 


Three  years  stare  we  established  in  con- 
neclion  with  our  Crockery  and  Silver 
Plcded  Ware  Business,  a  Factory  fur 
Silver  Plating  by  electro  process  all 
ivares  which  we  had  fireviously  im- 
ported ready  plated  from  Eastern 
factories. 

Our  enterprise,  assisted  by  the  liberal 
patronage  of  the  Builders  and  Plumb- 
ers, has  proven  a  success;  and  hav- 
ing subsequently  added  to  our  busi- 
ness thai  of  SILVER  PLATING 
COPPER  PLATES  for  AMAL- 
GAMATING PURPOSES,  we 
desire  to  inform  the  Miners  and  Mill- 
men  of  California  and  Nevada,  that 
we  have  recently  perfected  such  im- 
provements as  to  enable  us  to  furnish 
at  very  short  notice  Silver-plated 
Amalgamating  Plates,  having  a 
smoothness  and  finish  of  surface  never 
before  attained  in  California. 

Orders  for  special  sixes  sent  by  mail 
will  receive  prompt  attention.  Refer- 
ences from  those  who  have  used  our 
Plates  will  be  furnished  to  those  de- 
siring them 
HAYNES  &>    LAWTON, 

ECarketlSt.,  under  the  Grand  Hotel, 
January  20,  1872.  SAN  FEANCISCO. 


The  C-Spring   Roller  Skate. 

PATENTED    189*1. 


Rights  and   Skates  for  Sale. 

This  superior  Skate  is  now  beginning  to  attract  the 
attention  of  Rink  Owners,  it  being  the  only  Cramping 
Skate  now  before  the  public  (except  the  Plympton  Skate) 
that  can  run  without  infringing  a  former  patent. 

This  Skate  is  Positively  no  Infringement 
Of  anybody's  patent.  It  is  made  in  the  most  substantial 
and  workmanlike  manner,  and  possesses  the  following 
points  of  merit:  Beauty,  Elasticity,  Ease  of  Movement, 
Strength,  Lightness,  and  does  not  injure  the  skating 
floor  aB  much  as  the  ordinary  skate. 

Every  pair  Warronted  to  be  just  what  it  is  represent- 
ed.   Parties  intending  to 

START   A.    RINK, 

Should  examine  and  test  this  Skate.    Sample  pairs  sent 
C.  O.  D.  on  application. 
In  ordinary  samples  state  tho  mini i*<  r  of  boot  or  shoe 
worn,  and  whether  for  lady  or  gentleman. 

t&~  For  City,  County  or  Rink  Rights,  call  on  or  ad- 
dress "WIESTER   &   CO., 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  street  (under  Grand  Hotel) , 

SAN  FRANCISCO . 


CAUTION. 

BETTS'S    CAPSULE    PATENTS 

are  being  inf  rinsed  by  importation  of  Capsules  made  in  con- 
travention of  his  rights,  wliich  necusgarily  are  numerous, 
BETTS  being  the  original  Inventor  and  Sole  Maker  in  the 

I.   WHARF  °ROAI>,    OITY     ROAD,    LONDON,    AND 
BORDEAUX,  FRANCE. 


62 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


["January  27,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABLISHED    1851. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FBAN0IS0O 

IIA  P.  BANKIJf.  A.  P.  BBATTOJ, 

GEO.  IV.  FOfiR,  Snperlntendent. 

iSteam  Engines  and  Boilers, 

MAE1NE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  otber  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
slass  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
prices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

8^"  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Kpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  QOYEKNOE. 

18v20-3m  GODDAM)  &  CO. 


BALDWIN    LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MAKOFACTURERS    OF 

STI^A-MC    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Flotir    and.    Saw   Mills, 

Suyei1  Improved  Steam  Pump,  Bro  die's  Im- 
proved     Crasher,      Mining     Pumps* 
Amalgamators,  and  all  binds 
of  machinery. 

.  E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE   T.    PRACY, 
MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111    Mission   Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing   Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  ETERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  otber  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MAWDTACTUBEB  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Pracy's    Celebrated    Governor, 

TURNING:  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OT 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

Dunbar**  Patent  Self- Adjusting  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  IV  and  O  streets, 

SiflR*  UVNT'l   ClTT 


PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AMD  — 

Every  "Variety  of  SH  lifting-, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  .  f 
K  tenmbont    Shafts,   Crantts,    Plxton    and    Con- 
necting Sods,  Car  and  locomotive  Axles 
and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HA.3I3rEI5.EI>     IBON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

t&-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
;OMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  CaL.will  receive 
prompt  attention 

«S»  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron.       9vl43m 


M.   BAIRD  &  CO.,    Philadelphia, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  LOCOMOTIVE  ENGINES, 

Especially  adapted  to  Every  Variety  of  Railroad  Use,  including 

Mining  Engines  and  Locomotives  for  Narrow  Gauge  Railways. 

ALL    WORK   ACCURATELY    FITTED    TO    GAUGES,    AND    THOROUGHLY    INTERCHANGEABLE. 


Plan,  Materials,  Workmanship,  Finish  and  Efficiency  Fully  Guaranteed 
M.  BAIRD,  CHAS.  T.  PARRT,  -  WM.  P.  HENSZEY, 

GEO.  BURNHAM  EDWARD  H.  WILLIAMS,  EDWARD  LONGSTRETH. 

ST  Williams,  BlanchAed  &  Oo.,  Agents,  218  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  apl-eow26t 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

P.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  'Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


CELEBRATED 


SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet   Iron   Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING- 

and 

Repairing1 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

[YOUR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beach    Street,    Philadelphia,    Perm. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

83"  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR    CIRCULAR   AND   PHOTOGRAPHS. 


Hand  Power 


"WoodL-'w'oi'ltl 

3v24-tf 


BLAKE'S    STEAM    PUMPS. 

STURTEVANT'S    BLOWERS. 

JslSlI111' 

SEFFEL 
Turbine 

WATEK 

GARDNER'S 


GOVEKNOE. 

cIiiiioi:>-,    jVIticliinists'  Tools,   Engineers'  Supplies,  JEtc 
BEERY  &  PLACE,  Machinery  Depot,  112  California  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Machinery. 


THE    RISDOIV 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 

Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Nora-is,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MfiAD Secretary. 

'        2tvl7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st. ,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  "oTbOL  AND, 

IKON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Noticie. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  J? ranclsco. 

I,I©B2T  AND  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description ,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


Miners'    Foundry    and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 
First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Feancisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  aU  kinds. 
7v23tf  I.  L.  MORTLHRAP,  President. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  12->  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kihds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Hastings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Sails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  and  Steamboat  Bellsand 
tSongsof  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
iraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  aud  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
JS-  PRICES  MODERATE. -fit 
J.   H.  WEED*  V.  KINGWELL. 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

HOTI^ER     MAKERS 

AND  SEIEML  MACHINISTS, 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     A1VT3     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En- 
trance on  Natoma  street.  Cv23-3na 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Destitute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube. I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodn  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  ring's  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  1, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  126  FirBt  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


WHY  THE  "WILSON 


Patent    Steam    Stamp    Mill 


IS  THE   BEST  AND 


Most  Desirable  Mill  for  Crushing  Ores. 


Because  the  company  give  a  responsible  guarantee 
that  the  purchasers  shall  be  under  no  expense  for  re- 
pairs for  TWELVE  MONTHS,  and  guarantee  the  mill  to 
crush  (regular  work)  Onf  Ton  Per  Hour  of  the  Hardest 
Quartz  through  the  ordinary  screens. 


THERE    IS    A    SAVING 


of  from  Twenty  to  Forty  per  cent,  running  expenses. 


To  put  one  of  the  Wilson  Mills  over  the  mountains , 
from  $10,000  to  $18,000  is  saved  in  First  Cost. 

The  Wilson  Mill  will  save  in  working  expenses  and 
repairs  enough  every  six  months  to  PAY  FOR  ITSELF. 


IN  EVERY  PARTICULAR 

This    Mill    is    Greatly   Superior   to    the 

Ordinary   Cam   Stamp    Mill. 
RECOLLECT 

This    Mill    is    Fully  Guaranteed 

to  do  and  be  all  we  claim  for  it. 

DO    NOT   BE    DECEIVED 

by  the  cry  of  "  Humbug,"  but  call  and  investigate  ite 
merits.  One  can  alwayB  be  seen  at  the  Pacific  Iron 
Works. 

Ten  of  these  Mills  are  now  in  operation. 

For  further  particulars  address 

F  HUMAN    K.    TTILSOX, 

San  Francisco. 


California  File  Manuf 'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Fbancisoo. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BE1PEBMB  JIOWElt  SECTIONS,  BARS 

AND  KNIVES  COSIPIETE, 
at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.     Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


January  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


6, 


HYDRAULIC    CHIEF. 


Addnaa  F.  H.  FI8BEB,  N.  vnJn,  Ci.l. 


MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 
M  K'l  1  I JN  ES, 

BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACUIXES.  ETC., 
F.r  Hailboad,  Car,  and  Agri- 

OupnnuX,  Suors,  Etc.,  Etc. 
'    Ity  Superior  to  auy  in  use. 

J.   A.   FAY   &   CO., 

)m  OmormtATi,  Ohio. 

POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANTTFACTUI1KR8     OF 


STEYE.XSO.VS  PATEM    MOILD  BOARD    AMALGAMATING   PAX. 


Thb  Pan  is  far  superior  to  all 
o  there  in  several  important  purlieu  - 
lars.  The  grinding  muHere  arc  ucar 
tho  center,  requiring  lees  powor. 
Tho  plow-shaped  grooves  rake  the 
qoickailver  with  the  polp^regolarly, 
with  lesa  powor,  without  violence, 
end  with  better  amalgamating  el 
feet,  beaidefl  admitting  of  a  lurgci 
charge.  Tho  inclinou* -shaped  bona. 
ings  of  tho  um.lcr-ph.tc  openings 
efficiently  force  iliu  pulp  directly 
under  the  inuliuw. 


It  lias  been  constantly  running 
for  over  eight  months,  and  bflfl 
proved,  in  competition,  to  produce 
a  higher  percentage  of  bullion, 
with  less  power  and  with  great 
saving  of  quicksilver,  over  any 
other  pan  in  use.  It  is  simple  in 
construction  and  operation,  and 
cheaper  in  first  cost  and  economy 


WOOD-WORKING   MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  [West  <'nd  Chestnut  street  Bridget 

Philadelphia. 

«y  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 

THEODORE   KALLENBEKG, 
MACHINIST, 

nd  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  binds,  off  Di$6P 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.     Also,  ull  kinds  of 

Small  GearBCut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  In  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S,  F.       19v23-3m 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 

nerafaip  heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severanco, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  k  Co.,"  is  thin  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  Belling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  bate  re,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24,  1871. 

Office,  310  California  street.     A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


STEAM    POWER. 

The  Becond  and  third  htorlcs  of  the  weBt  half  of  the 
Mechanics'  Mill, corner  of  Mission  andFremout  streets, 
to  let,  with  Steam  Power.  Frontage  about  70  by  127 
feet,  but  the  rear  half  is  only  about  40  feet  wide.  To  be 
let  in  whole  or  in  part,  to.ono  or  more  tenants. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

FRANK  KENNEDY, 
2Gv23-lm  604  Merchant  street,  San  Francisco. 


JOS.    THORNHILL, 
BHICKLATEK    AND     CONTRACTOR. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Work, 
Buc.h  aB  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,   &c. 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  "Whtie,  47  Clay  Street,  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  1012  Mason  St.,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  24v21-3m 


NELSON    Ac  DOBLE, 

AGENTS  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


Manufactured  at  the  Golden  State  Iron  Works  (Co-operative).  19  First  street,  S.  F. 

Where  it  can  Tie  oxnmincil  and  further  particulars  he  learned  ;  or  persons  may  apply  to  the  inventor  and  pat- 
entee, Mr.  C.  C.  STEVENSON,  at  tho  Douglas  Mine„GoLD  Hill,  State  of  Nevada,  where  the  Pans  have  long 
heen  iu  constant  operation.  15v20-lmr,lamtf 


CAMERON'S 

steam;  pumps. 

riOKEKma'S 
Engine    Begnlators. 

GIFFAItD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BAKTOL'S 

steam:  tra/p. 

Surface   Condensers. 

DAVUTSTODDART, 

114  BEA1E  STREET,  S.  E. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
SledeeH,    Hammer*,    Stone    Cotter.*,   Black 

.mlths'  and  Mor.e-Shoer,,*  Tool.. 
13  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
10vl4ur 


OAST    IRON    PIPE, 

EOK    WATER    AND    GAS. 

PIPE  of  all  sizes,  of  a  very  superior  quality,  is  now 
being  made  at  the 

Pacific  Iron  Works, 

In  this  city,  under  the  Patents  of  Farrar  &  "Whiting. 
17v23-3m  GODDAKD  &  CO. 


HUGHES'    PATENT 

EEMOVABLE    GLOBE   LANTEEN. 

Since  the  time  when  King  Alfred  made  the  first  lantern  by  surrounding  a  candle 
with  a  transparent  casing  of  horn,  this  class  of  appliances  has  been  one  of  the  greatest 
utility  and  most  extended  use.  Among  the  latest  improvements  in  its  construction  is 
that  illustrated  in  tho  accompanying  engravings,  and  designed  to  secure  tho  threefold 
object  of  providing  for  the  easy  cleansing  of  the  glass  portion,  the  secure  retention  of 
tho  upper  in  place  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  lantern,  and  the  affixing  of  the  ball  to  the 
top  of  tbe  lantern  in  a  durable  and  efficient  manner.  The  base  of  the  lantern  is  pro- 
vided with  the  usual  detachable  lamp,  and  at 
one  side  has  hinged  to  its  upper  edge  a  wire 
frame  designed  to  carry  and  protect  the  glass 
portion  or  body  of  the  lantern,  and  at  the  upper 
end  of  which  iB  the  cylindrical  top,  perforated 
in  the  ordinary  manner  to  permit  the  escape  of 
the  products  of  combustion  from  the  lamp. 
Arranged  at  that  side  of  the  base  opposite  the 

hinge  is  an  angular  spring-catch  so  applied  as  to  catch  over  ihe  annular  lower  rim  in 
the  wire  frame,  and,  in  conjunction  with  the  hinge,  to  hold  the  said  frame  firmly  of 
place  upon  the  base  as  required  when  the  lantern  is  in  use. 

This  Lantern  is  offered  aB 

The    Best    and    Most    Desirable    in    Use, 

all  things  considered.    Its  price  is  reasonable,  and  when  once  tried  no  other  will  be  accepted. 

Individuals,  Dealers,  Railroad  Companies,  and  all  persons  and  institutions  about  to  purchase  Lanterns, 
should  inquire  for  this  kind  ;  and  if  not  for  sale  in  your  locality,  address  the  inventor  for  circular  of  full  de- 
scription, price  list,  etc. 

Patented  August  10  and  December  28, 1869,  by 

JOHN    HTJG-HES. 

Address  1811  Sidney  street,  East  Birmingham,  Pa.  3v23-2t  amCm 

Samples  May  be  Seen  at  Wiester  &  Co.'s 

17  New  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


CAST    STEEL     FILES. 

John  T.  Bunker  &  Co.'s— We  wish  to  inform 
Dealers  and  Iron  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  the6e 
celebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  superior  inducements 
to  introduce  them.    (22-v23-3m)         HOOKER  &  CO. 


CALBTVELL'S 


Improved   Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WOEKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v24-3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MEBCHANT8, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  all  kind,  or  Ore.,  and  particular  Attention 

PAID  TO 

l'0.V81OSlli:\T»  OF  GOODS. 
tvlMm 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 
SWANSEA. 

Richaudkon  A  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  ream  establistiea 
in  SwiiDHfitii-i  Agents  for  the  preparation,  Bamplinff,  Ajmt- 
mj,-,  itml  Suli-  ol  Ooppat1,  Silver,  Bohl,  Le4d,  Zinc,  and  all 
itht't  Oren  and  M rial*,  for  which  tin  \  have  exfeapalvojpare- 


las  nave  ext<  o 

houses  aint  Wharves  under  Oliver,  l.OtSO  foot  of  Quay  Front- 
moBt  complete  J" 


aire  within  ili' 
chinery  and  Appl 


FloutiriK  Do. 

Thoj 

ant 


Ivancrn  uali 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required 


prepared  tn  make 
potion  of  realization,  ami  to 


Bti&Mya 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

1-1    M,itilu«'im-r\    St.  np  atnlra. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores^ 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mineral  Waterb, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi. 
cal  instruction  in  AFsaying,  Analysis,  or  any  parncnlA! 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21*3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  9.  F.> 

Assayer  and  Metallui-g-ica? 

CJtIEMISX, 

No.    Oil    Commercial    Street. 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mint, 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  7v21-3nt 


NEVADA  METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  FirBt  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

KIOTTi:.t    I.K'tUIAltllT, 
Ore*    Cruehed,    Sum  pled    mitt    A  stayed. 

Having  added  Pans,  AsBay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  wo  are  now  prepared  to 
mate  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  oreu  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metauur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  26v21-3m 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    519    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Fbancisoo. 

J.    A.    MARS,    Assayer. 
t&~  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v2C 


Q.  W.  BTBONQ.  W.  L.  STBONO 

C.   W.   STRONG   &   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Fhanoisco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  AIbo,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 

PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  "Wire,  Etc,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York, 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22vl8 


ALL    NEW    AND     OLD    PROCESSES 

—  OF  — 

Mining.  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately   described   and   discussed,   and   the 

Latest    IVe-vrs 

From  American  and  Foreign  Mines ;  together  with  the 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  the  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Club, 

and  other  Scientific  BodieB,  and 

WEEKLY    POPULAR    ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
Will  be  found  in  the 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R,  W.JtAYMOND  and  W.  P.  WARD,  Editors. 

Subscription,  54,  currency,  per  annum  ;  $2.2G  for  six 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Company, 

WILLARD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Row,  New  York. 
P.  O.  Box  4404.  25v23-tf 


AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Roasting    Rebellious    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  sulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  Scientific  Pkess  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONROE    THOMSON, 

At  444  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  2Gv23-3m 


64 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  27,  1872. 


The  Scientific  Press, 

Established  in  1SG0,  is  now  the  Largest,  Most 
Original,  Best  Illustrated  and  most  Ably  and 
Carefully  Edited  Practical  Mining  Journal  on 
the  Western  Continent.  Its  contents  are  made 
up  of  fresh  intelligence  in  a  condensed  and  inter- 
esting style,  easily  appropriated  by  the  reader, 
who  finds  its  columns  replete  -with  new  facts 
and  ideas  not  obtainable  in  the  books  of  the 
past  or  in  any  one  other  of  the  journals  of  the 
day. 

Varied  in  its  carefully  compiled  and  con- 
veniently arranged  departments,  representing 
the  special  and  leading  industries  of  the  Pacific 
States — Mining,  Mechanism,  Manufacturing, 
Building,  Improvements  and  Inventions — it 
becomes  a  weekly  informant  to  all  Scientific, 
Mechanical,  Manufacturing  and  Industrial 
Progressionists  on  the  coast,  an  immense  list 
of  whom  testify  to  its  pleasant,  profitable  and 
elevating  influence. 

The  progress  of  our  journal  has  been  steady 
and  unvarying.  Encouraged  by  a  liberal 
slass  of  readers  who  exhibit  their  appreciation 
in  a  substantial  way,  we  shall,  with  our  in- 
creasing facilities,  experience  and  information, 
make  each  coming  issue  superior  to  its  prede- 
cessor. 

Let  every  friend  of  Science  and  Industry  on 
this  side  of  the  continent  take  pride,  not  only 
in  sustaining,  but  accelerating  the  advancement 
of  a  faithful  representative  of  its  highest  inter- 
ests by  subscribing  for  it  and  urging  its  patron- 
age by  others — now,  without  delay. 

Subscription  $i  a  year,  in  advance.    Address 

DEWEY   &  00., 
Publishers  and  Patent  Agents,  338  Montgomery 
St.,  S.  E.  corner  California  St.,  S.  F. 


Oub  V.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency  presents 
many  and  important  advantages  as  a  Home  Agency  over 
all  others  by  reasons  of  long  establishment,  great  expe- 
rience, thorough  system,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  subjects  of  inventions  in  our  own  community. 
All  worthy  inventions  patented  through  our  Agency  will 
have  the  benefit  of  an  illustration  or  a  description  in  the 
Scientific  Press.  "Wo  transact  every  branch  of  Patent 
ousiness,  and  obtain  PatentB  in  all  civilized  countries. 
The  large  majority  of  TJ.  S  and  Foreign  Patents  granted 
to  inventors  on  the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  obtained 
through  our  Agency.  We  can  give  the  best  and  most 
reliable  advice  as  to  the  patentability  of  new  inventions. 
Advice  and  Circulars  free.  Our  prices  are  as  low  as 
any  first-class  agencies  in  the  Eastern  States,  while  our 
advantages  for  Pacific  Coast  inventors  are  far  superior. 

Engraving  on  Wood,  of  every  kind,  for  illustrating 
machinery,  buildings,  trade  circulars,  labels,  plain  or  in 
aolors,  designed  and  cut  in  the  best  style  of  the  art  by 
experts  iu  our  own  office.    Also,  engraving  on  metals. 

DEWEY  &   CO., 

Publisher*,  Pntent  A.eent».  anil    Engrajpeiy)* 

No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  Sim  Francisco,  Cal. 


FRANCIS   SMITH  &   CO.. 


Maiivifiictixrovs    of 


HYDRAULIC     PIPE, 


Artesian  We!!  Pipe— Ail  Sizes. 


Having  tho  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  we  can  make  it 
an  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO   CONTRACT  WITH  US  FOR 

SHEET    IROIN     PIPE. 


All  "Work  Ghiaranteed. 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  ,San  Francisco. 

4v24-eow3mlCp 


HENDY'S 
Improved     Lamont    Steam    Engine    Regulator, 

"WITH    STOP    VALVE    ATTACHED. 

PERFECTLY    RELIABLE. 

Rapidly  Superceding   all    other 

GOVERNORS 

Wherever  introduced. 

We    Invite    tlie     Attention    of   those 

INTEBESTED    IN   OR   USING 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

TO    OUK 

IMPROVED   REGULATOR  AND  CUT-OFF, 

FOE    EITHER 

Stationary  or  Portable 

ENGINES. 
An   Examination   "Will 

BE     SUFFICIENT      TO      SATISFY      THE 

MOST     SKEPTICAL 

OF    ITS    UTILITY    AND 

SIMPLICITY, 

And  the  many  References  in  Our  Possession 

FKOM    ENGINEEKS    WHO    ARE 

Using  them,  attest  their 

PRACTICAL    SU  PERIORITY 

Over  all  others. 

We  refer  to  Union  Iron  Works;  Pacific  Iron 
Works;  Fulton  Iron  Works;  M.  Taylor,  Grass 
Valley;  Phoenix  Quicksilver  Mining  Co.,  Napa 
Co. ;  Samuel  McCurdy,  Nevada  Co.,  and  others. 

JOSHUA.    HENDY, 

Office  and  'Works,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Hendy's  Ore  Concentrators  and  Circular  Saw  Miiht 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  tbe  famous  regular 

G-XAINTT    FOWI>EK,  A.   NO.    S    GIANT    I*OWr>ER,' 

Somewhat  slower  in  itB  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BA.NK     BJOA-STIrVG^     COAL      MINE8, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    "WORK    "WHERE    THE    ROOK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  "when  exploded. 

Price.    50  Cents  per    Pound. 

The  saleB  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.    210  Front  Street. 


W.  T.  GARRATT  &  CO 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Misvlou  and   Fremont  Sireou, 
MANUFACTTmEBB  OP 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

CASTING®, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN     AND       ,AND     1SEJLLS,    GOM*S, 

FIRE    ENGINES,  FORCE  AND    LIFT  POMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

tE^-Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  1.  GARRATT,  JAMES  HTLLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


MINING    BTJREAJCT 


— OP  THE- 


Pacific   Coast. 


Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice- Consulate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
Bon's  Building),  Room  32,  Third  floor. 

'J,  EERTON,  President. 
E.  P._Hdtohiu3,  becretary. 

N.  B. — Application  for  Registry-  ">r  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary, San  Francisco  office. 


ACTIVE  MEN ! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
of  era  the  SOIENTIFIC  PRESS  and  the  PAOIFIOiRU- 
RAL  PRESS,  No.  414  Clay  street,  S.  F.] 


Hubbard,    Lippincott,    Bakewell  &    Co. 


J,  E.  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  are  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lipptncott  rf 
TutUe's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  of 
the  celebrated  brauds  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbahd  Bno.  k  Co.  and  Lippencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADES. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  wiU  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest   Market  Prices,  3 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

UK?"  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  addresB 
HUBBARD,  LXPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
r  mall-16p-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

W.  E.  LOOMIS, 

5-1  00 

3  00 
5  00 

:6  00 

IS  00 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

Harper's  Weekly — 
All  the  Year  Round. . 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THE 

Year,  Month,  or  Number, 

Travelers'  Guide. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 


OVERLAND    TRAINS. 


PassengrlExpress 

JftXl.   M4tt.il, 

Ellin  sa 

PasstiiKr 

Sundays 

Daily,  via 

1872. 

Daily,  via 

Oakland. 

Sundays 

Except'd 

Oakland. 

Except  d 

LEAVE 

LEAVE. 

ARRIVE. 

ARRIVE. 

■f.OOPM 

7.00  AM 

—  San  Francisco. . . . 

B.30  PM 

2.20  PM 

4.35  PM 

7.35  am 

8.00  pm 

1.50  P  M 

4.10  PM 

7.50  A  M 

8.30  p  M 

2.10  PU 

8.35AM 
11.50  am 

7.05  pm 
4.07  P  m 

8P1SPM 

9.07  pm 

10.45  r  HI 

2.00  PM 

2.20  P  M 

7.15  am 

ARRIVE. 

5.15  pm 

10.20  am 

LEAVE. 

0 

12.45  am 

2.10  am 

§ 

9.10  am 

4.15  PM 

0  S. 

12.00  m 

Battle  Mountain. 

J  .25  p  M 

4.40  pm 

6.20  A  M 

8.45A  W 
5.20  P  M 

i 

aiuuvij. 

LEAVE. 

oj 

San  Francisco  and  San  Jose. 


7.10  pm 
8.30  pm 

ARRIVE. 


LEAVE. 

3.0U  »  M 
4.40  p  M 


..San  Francisco... 

..Niles 

..San  Jose 


ARRIVE. 
10.40  A  M 
8.35  A  M 

7.0am 

LEAVE. 


5.30  pm 
4.10  pm 

LEAVE. 


Sacramento,  Marysville  and  Red  Bluff. 


LEAVE.  I 
2.35PM  . 
3.25  pm 
5.15pm  . 
8.35pm  . 
I    9.30  pm  . 

AEErVE  I  AEltlVE.  | 


LEAVE. 

*8.45am| 

10.25  A  M 
1.50  PM 
8.00  pm 


...Sacramento  . 

...Junction 

,  ..Marysville..., 

...Tehama 

..Red  Bluff.... 


ARRIVE.  I  ARRIVE. 

1.05PM  "4.45pm 

12.15PM  3.25PX 

10.20  am  12.00  pm 

6.50  am  5.30  AM 

6.00  AM 

LEAVE.    I  LEAVE. 


OAKLAND  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00, 
8  10,9  2  ,  10  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  i0,  1  50,  3  00,  4  00,  5  15,630,  8  08 
9.2(1  and  *11  30  p.  m.     (9  20.  1 1  2(1  and  It  III)  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  "5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  in.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  \5  40,  (J  .50,  8  00.  9  10,  10  00,  and  11 10  a. 
in.,  1200, 1  40,  2  50,  3  50.  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.— Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20,  9  00, 
and  11 15  a.  m.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30  and  7  00  p.  in.  (7  20,  11 15  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  Hay  wards,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a..  m.,  130, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 


CALIFORNIA   PACIFIC 

RAILROAD. 

Leave 

S.  Fran. 

Leave 
Vallejo. 

Arrive  at 
Culistoga. 

Arrive 
Davis. 

Arrive 
Knights. 

9.30  am 
6.30  p  M 
6,35  PM 

11.00  AM 

1.00  PM 
9.10  pm 

*4.i0PM 

10  00  P  M 
1.55  F  M 

+7.30  AM 

3.20  P  m 

Leave 
Knights. 

Leave  |             Leave 
Davis.   |         Calistoga. 

Arrive    1    Arrive 
Vallejo.     S.  Fran. 

7.10  am 

1         *8.00am 
3.00  pm 

ti.OOPM      8.00  pm 

SAN   FRANCISCO    &    N.   PACIFIC  R.  R. 


Leave 

•2,00  p  M 
4.35  P  M 
5.00  P  M 
6.00  P  M 

ti.  15  f  M 

....San  Francisco.  . . 

*11.00  A  M 
8.45  A  M 

8.20  A  M 
7.30  A  M 
6.45  A  M 

Arrive 

Arrive. 

Leave. 

CAL.  P.  R 

R.  CO.'S  STEAMtRS. 

Leave.  1   Leave,  i 
"■4.00pm  "4.00PM  .. 

7.00pm    6.00pm... 

1  Arrive.  1  Arrive. 
.San  Francisco.   . .  1*10.00  P M  *8.00  PM 

Arrive.  1  Arrive  I 

I    Leave,  1  Leave. 

"Sundays  excepted.       tSundays  only. 
T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Act.  Gen'l  Sui 


N.  W.  SPATTLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


^  sztg^ 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTUBEK  OP 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  he  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

AIILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  HOTIOK 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


F  xi  lied 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  ROYER,  No,  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Fbakcisco. 


&AJS    FRAKCISCO 

SCREW   BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,   Proprietors, 

MANUFACTURERS   OF  AIX  KINDS   OP 

Machine   Bolt?,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship   or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Dnimm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


14 1 N  T^  Ffl  R  ^e  w"1  Be,1(*  on  reco'Dt  °^  stamp  for 
mWIO  Tun  postagei  FREE,,  our  -I8  page  Circular, 
containing  112  Illustrated  Mechani-  I  ft] WrMTflRC 
calMovements;adigestofPATENT  ■!"£«  I  UnO. 
LAWS ;  information  how  to  obtain  patents,  and  about  the 
rights  and  privileges  of  inventors  and  patentees;  list  of 
Govermentfees,  practical  hints,  etc.,  etc.  Address  DEWEY 
CO.,  Publishers  and  Patent  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


An    Illustrated    Journal    of    Scientific     and 

mm 


Industrial   Progress, 

St 


BY    DEWIOY    A    OO. 
J»at  «*nt     fc*t>IioItorei. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  3,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
Number    f5 . 


Hallidie's  Wire  Rope-Way. 

In  the  Soientific  Pbf.ss  of  February 
18th,  1871,  wo  gave  a  detailed  description, 
with  numerous  ongravings,  of  Hallidie'a 
emlle.ss  wire  rope-way,  which  is  intended 
for  the  rapid  and  economical  transporta- 
tion of  ores,  lumber  or  goods,  over  a  rough 
country,  as  well  as  for  tho  transmission  of 
power  from  one  point  to  another.  The 
invention  is  one  of  great  importance,  es- 
pecially to  the  miners  of  the  Pacific  slope. 
Our  illustration  gives  a  general  view  of 
the  whole  apparatus  in  practical  operation 
conveying  quartz  from  the  top  of  a  moun- 
tain in  a  rough  mining  region  to  the  mill 
below.  As  will  be 
seen,  the  wire  ropo 
passes  over  pulleys 
elevated  upon 
posts  of  a  suitable 
length,  and  as 
shown  in  the  cut 
the  sacks  of  ore  are 
suspended  by  the 
proper  device  to 
the  rope.  The 
sacks  or  cars  aro 
loaded  on  the  dump 
at  the  mine  on  the 
mountain,  and  the 
patent  grip  pulley 
being  revolved  by 
means  of  the  en- 
gine, the  sacks  or 
cars  pass  down  on 
one  side,  deliver 
their  load,  and  pass 
up  empty  on  the 
other  side.  Boxes 
may  be  used  that 
are  self-dumping, 
o  r  operated  b  y 
hand  as  desired. 
By  this  means  the 
expense  of  road 
building,  teams, 
drivers,  etc.,  is 

done  away  with  and  a  safe  and  very  con- 
venient method  adopted  bywhich  the  ore 
is  delivered  to  the  mill.  Either  sacks 
or  cars  may  be  used  for  .  carrying,  as  de- 
sired. The  patent  grip  pulleyis  a  veryin- 
genious  device  and  accomplishes  its  pur- 
pose admirably. 

The  rope-way  may  be  run  by  the  same 
engine  that  runs  the  stamps  at  the  mill, 
and  when  the  descent  is  sufficient  and  the 
load  comes  down,  no  extra  power  is  needed, 
the  gravity  of  the  descending  loads 
being  sufficient  to  keep  it  in  motion  ;  it 
being  desirable,  however,  in  all  cases  to 
connect  with  the  steam  engine  or  water 
wheel  in  order  to  regulate  the  speed  of  the 
rope,  which  is  usually  about  200  feet  per 
minute.  The  posts,  of  course,  are  ar- 
ranged high  enough  so  that  the  cars  may 
be  clear  of  all  obstructions  from  the 
ground,  but  the  undulations  of  the  ground 
can  be  followed.  There  being  a  pulley  over 
the  rope  as  well  as  under  it,  keeps  the  rope 
between  the  pulleys  and  enables  it  to  pass 
over  any  mountain  at  any  angle.  A  brake 
is  sometimes  used  to  regulate  the  rapidity. 


One  very  great  advantage  possessed  by 
this  system  of  oonveying  ores,  is  that  the 
weather  will  not  affect  it,  for  it  can  be 
worked  during  heavy  storms  and  freshets 
and  the  depth  of  snow  is  of  no  conse- 
quence ;  moreover,  it  will  run  as  well  by 
night  as  day  and  with  no  more  care. 

The  advantages  of  this  apparatus  will 
be  obvious  at  a  single  glance  to  any  one 
familiar  with  tho  general  rugged  charac- 
ter of  the  Pacific  slope,  and  our  artist  has 
succeeded  in  giving  a  very  good  view, 
easily  comprehended.  The  familiar 
quartz  mill  with  its  pans,  settlers,  etc., 
the  mine  on  the  summit,  the  patient  mules 
struggling  up   the   mountain,  giving  evi- 


Japanese  Waterproof  Paper. 

We  have  just  received  from  the  editor  of  the 
Anglo-American  Times,  127  Strand,  London, 
an  immense  pamphlet,  containing  reports  on 
the  manufacture  of  paper  in  Japan.  Presented 
to  both  Houses  of  Parliament  by  command  of 
Her  Majesty,  etc.,  etc,  1871.  Consul  Lowder 
gives  an  account  of  the  manufacture  of  paper 
in  Japan  from  the  Paper  Mulberry  with  num- 
erous colored  illustrations,  representing  the 
whole  process  of  manufacture.  Also  speaks  of 
the  Tororo,  another  plant,  from  the  roots  of 
which  a  fine  quality  of  paper  is  made,  war- 
ranted to  wash ;  and  an  oil  paper  for  rain-coats, 
etc.,  and  the  process  for  making  the  glue  by 
which  the  pieces  of  paper  for  garments  are 


{  From  tho  COMMERCIAL  HERALD  AND  MARKET  REVIEW,  j 

MINING  REVIEW  FOR  1871. 


Disastrous  Effect*  of  a  Two  Years*  Drought* 

For  the  last  two  years  mining,  Id  common  with  all  our 
other  leading  Industries,  has  suffered  terribly  from  the  effects 
of  the  drought, which  has  prevailed  with  a  severity,  and  10  an 
extent,  not  before  experienced  on  this  coast.  For  the  first 
time  In  our  history  It  baa  seriously  affected  both  the  vein 
and  placer  mines  of  California,  and  even  crippled  production 
In  all  our  otber  Pacific  states  and  Territories,  The  drouth 
that  occurred  ten  years  before,  though  scarcely  less  rigor- 
ous, failed  to  diminish  the  yield  of  the  precious  metnla  to 
the  same  extent,  as  our  miners  were  then  Just  beginning  to 
reap  the  first  fruits  of  the  rich  and  virgin  placers  of  Eastern 
Oregon,  Idaho  and  Montana,  where  the  gold  lay  near  the 
surface,  and  but  little  water  was  required.  The  limited  rain- 
fall of  the  past  two  years,  however,  has  told  upon  the  pro- 
duction of  our  great  staple  with  disastrous  effect:  having 
nearly  counteracted  the  gains  that  bad  been  meantime  ef- 
fected through  the  Introduction  of  more  pertect  machinery 
and    improved     process' 


VIEW 


HALLIDIE'S 


ROPE-WAY  FOR    TRANSPORTING 


dence  that  even  the  mill  is  in  a  somewhat 
elevated  position,  the  engine,  engineer* 
feeders,  and  last,  but  not  least,  Mr.  Halli- 
dies  excellent  device  in  operation.  This 
apparatus  should  not  be  confounded  -with 
the  rope-way  of  Hodgson's  patent,  -which 
is  now  in  operation  at  the  Eberhardt  and 
Aurora  Company's  mines  in  "White  Pine, 
as  it  is  totally  different  in  its  construction. 

The  Japanese  Embassy. — The  Japanese 
Embassy,  Hon.  Chas.  E.  DeLong,  V.  S. 
Minister  to   Japan,   and   C.   W.   BrookB, 


joined;  also  a  list  of  some  thirty  varieties  of 
paper  and  the  uses  to  which  they  are  applied. 
Consul  Annesley  gives  a  list  of  54  varieties 
of  paper  and  a  description  of  the  shrubs  Kaji, 
Makoso  and  Kajiso,  and  the  methods  employed 
in  the  manufacture  of  paper  from  their  barks, 
and  modes  of  cultivation.  Whole  pages  are 
devoted  to  the  different  processes  by  which 
waterproof  garments,  handkerchiefs,  hats,  rain 
umbrellas,  sun  umbrellas,  telescopes,  masks, 
lanterns,  fans,  hair-strings,  purses,  oil  paper 
for  wrapping  silks,  etc.,  together  making  an 
interesting  document,  which,  if  read  by  our 
paper  manufacturers  may  lead  to  inquiries  that 


Japanese  Consul,  left  this  morning  by  way  may  result  in  the  introduction  of  some  of  these 

.     -^     ■.  i         -i  *         -rrf     .i   ■__      i  _  _.  mi    .      nonQr.nrnrlnditiiT     rtln.nfn     a.nt\    nnRsiKl-p  anma  nf 


of  Oakland  en  route  for  "Washington.  The 
whole  party  numbered  112.  From  Omaha 
they  will  go  on  the  Chicago  and  Burling- 
ton E.  R.  line,  and  we  learn  from  D.  "W. 
Hitchcock,  the  agent  of  that  line  in  this 
city,  that  arrangements  have  been  made  to 
give  them  the  use  of  one  of  the  finest 
trains  possible,  consisting  of  the  magnifi- 
cent Pullman  Hotel  cars,  this  being  the 
only  Pacific  line  on  which  these  cars  are 
run.  The  desirable  accommodation  of 
these  cars  was,  we  presume,  the  reason 
which  induced  the  members  of  the  Em- 
bassy to  take  that  favorite  route. 


paper-producing  plants,  and  possibly  some  of 
the  processes  by  which  the  Japanese  make  so 
many  thin,  useful  and  beautiful  articles  of 
every-day  use  from  paper. 

ExTEACTION  OF  METALLIC  AnTTMONY. — A 

new  method  of  obtaining  metallic  antimony 
from  the  ore  is  as  follows  :  The  ore  is  pul- 
verized and  treated  in  wooden  vessels  with 
hot  hydrochloric  acid.  The  antimony  is 
precipitated  from  the  solution  by  means 
of  zinc  or  iron,  and  the  precipitate  washed, 
dried  and  melted  in  a  crucible  under  a 
covering  of  charcoal  dust. 


aided  by  a  valuable  expe- 
rience gained  in  the  gene- 
ral conduct  of  the  business 
and  other  beneficial  re- 
sults attained.  Thus,  tbe 
out-turn  of  bullion  for 
the  year  1S70  did  not  ex- 
ceed seventy  or  seventy- 
five  millions,  and  for  1871 
about  WUJWO.QOe ;  whereas, 
with  the  usual  supply  of 
water,  the  production 
should  have  been  10  or  15 
per  cent,  greater. 

After  suffering  from  a 
drought  bo  unprecedent- 
ed for  its  stringency  and 
long  continuance,  we  have 
been  visited  by  a  season 
equally  remarkable  for  its 
bountiful  and  almost  su- 
perabundant rain-fall  ;  the 
amount  of  precipitation 
for  the  past  month  having 
exceeded  anything  that 
has  occurred  within  a 
like  number  of  consecu- 
tive days  for  the  last 
twenty  years.  Coming  at 
a  n  opportune  moment, 
this  copious  outpouring 
has  wrought  a  salutary 
change  in  the  condition 
and  prospects  of  the  min- 
ing interest  from  one  end 
of  tbe  country  to  the 
other.  Being  warm,  as 
well  as  abundant,  and 
coming  in  such  timely  in- 
stallments as  rendered 
them  most  effective  for 
good,  they  have  already 
afforded  abundant  water 
for  starting  up  every 
branch  of  mining;  cre- 
ating activity,  and  bring- 
ing relief  for  the  present,  while  insuring  for  us  an  ex- 
tended period  of  future  prosperity  In  this  department  of  busi- 
ness. It  frequently  happens  that  these  first  storms  result 
In  snow  upon  the  mountains,  affording  but  little  water  till 
the  month  of  March,  or  perhaps  a  later  period  In  the  spring. 
But  this  year  they  have  made  their  advent  In  the  form  of 
heavy  rains  all  over  the  foot-hills  and  the  lower  slopes  of  tho  • 
Sierras,  where  the  principal  mining  districts  are  situated,  • 
only  their  higher  ridges  and  summits  being,  as  yet,  covered 
with  snow.  As  a  consequence,  the  mountain  streams  have, 
for  a  month  past,  been  ruunlng  bank-lull  of  water,  with  tho 
reservoirs  and  ditches  every  where  filled  to  overflowing. 
From  this  mildness  of  temperature  results  the  further  ad- 
vantage, that  the  water  used  In  washing  acts  with  greater 
efficiency,  while  the  miner  performs  his  labor  with  much 
more  case  and  comfort  than  when  the  weather  is  cold  and 
the  water  chilled  almost  to  the  freezing  point. 

SlncB  the  coming  on  of  the  raiiiB,  the  greatest  animation 
has  pervaded  the  mlulng  districts  of  California.  The  Idle 
mills  have  been  set  In  motion  and  kept  Incessantly  running. 
The  hydraulics  have  every  where  been  started  up  and  kept 
playing  day  and  night,  tearing  down  the  auriferous  banks, 
and  relieving  them  of  their  precious  contents.  The  rich 
gravel,  taken  from  the  drift  claims  during  the  summer,  is 
being  rapidly  washed  oat,  yielding  the  waiting  and  expect- 
ant miner  a  prolific  harvest  of  gold.  Rich  localities,  upon 
which  water  cannot  be  brought  by  artificial  means,  and 
which  do  not  afford  enough  to  be  worked  in  ordinary  sea- 
sons, now  swarm  with  busy  men,  eager  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  means  afforded  only  at  these  long  Intervals  tor  suc- 
cessful washing  here,  and  through  the  aid  of  which  they  are 
generally  enabled  to  realize  large  earnings  while  they  last. 
Every  old  miner  knows  of  "dry  diggings  "  of  this  kind,  to 
which  he  never  falls  to  repair  on  the  advent  of  a  wet  season 
earning  often  more  at  these  places  In  a  few  weeks  than  he  la 
able  to  do  throughout  the  entire  year  besides. 

Owing  to  there  being  an  insufficiency  of  water  for  washing 
it  at  the  time,  a  good  deal  of  the  gravel  taken  from  the  drift 


66 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS* 


[February  3, 1872. 


claimB  during  the  Bummer,  was  kept  on  hand,  awaiting  the 
coming  of  the  rain ;  many  of  the  quartz  miners,  also,  having 
accumulated  coniiderable  quantities  of  ore  at  such  times  as 
they  were  unable  to  run  their  mills.  So,  too,  bed-rock  tun- 
nels, where  required,  were  run,  and  much  other  preliminary 
work  done  on  their  claims  by  the  hydraulic  miners,  whereby 
■very  many  of  them  had  work  in  a  state  of  forwardness,  and 
their  grounds  every  way  in  excellent  order  for  effectual  op- 
erations when  the  rains  setln.  As  a  result,  heavy  out-turns 
of  gold  will  be  realized  from  these  several  sources  of  produc- 
tion early  in  the  season. 

In  consequence  of  the  low  stage  of  water  prevailing  the 
past  two  or  three  years,  the  tailings  from  many  hydraulic 
claims  had  so  accumulated  in  the  gulches  and  canons,  that 
serve  as  outlets  lor  this  waste  material,  that  operations  had 
become  greatly  impeded,  and,  in  some  instances,  prevented 
altogether.  With  the  floods  resulting  from  the  recent  heavy 
rains,  many  of  these  tailings  will  be  swept  away,  clearing 
out  such  channels,  and  relieving  this  class  of  claims  from  ob- 
struction on  this  score  (or  a  long  time  to  come.  But  for  the 
occurrence  of  these  periodical  floods,  to  such  an  extent 
would  these  tailings  gather  in  the  course  of  a  few  years,  that 
a  large  proportion  of  the  hydraulic  grounds  in  this  State 
would  be  rendered  valueless;  it  being  difficult  to  see  by 
what  other  means  their  removal  could  be  accomplished. 
Bullion  Product  for  the  Past  Tear. 
As  large  quantities  of  the  precious  metals  have,  for  some 
time  past,  been  diverted  from  the  channels  through  which 
they  formerly  sought  this  city,  and  been  sent  East  by  rail. 
It  is  no  longer  easy  to  compute,  at  this  point,  the  annual 
yield  of  the  entire  coast  with  precision.  This  diversion  has 
mostly  taken  place  from  Utah  and  Eastern  Nevada,  having 
consisted  mainly  of  silver  bullion.  Gold  dust  and  bars  have 
also  lately  found  their  way  East  through  new  channels  from 
Southern  Arizona  and  Montana,  thereby  further  increasing 
the  difficulty  of  making  these  estimates  with  accuracy. 
Much  silver  has  also  escaped  from  the  first-named  localities 
In  connection  with  the  lead  bars  shipped  to  Eastern  destina- 
tions, not  to  mention  considerable  quantities  of  high-grade 
argentiferous  ores  sent  forward  in  that  direction.  But,  not- 
withstanding, this  partial  diversion  of  products  that  once 
centred  at  San  Francisco,  we  are  able  to  estimate  the  yield 
of  the  past  year  with  approximate  exactness:  there  being 
reliable  data  to  show  that  it  could  not  have  fallen  much,  ii 
any,  below  $80,000,000.  In  some  instances  it  has  been  placed 
at  a  much  lower  figure ;  but,  if  local  authorities  may  be  ac- 
cepted as  conclusive  on  this  point,  the  above  estimate  is 
clearly  within  bounds,  and  even  a  great  deal  too  low.  For 
example,  the  Montana  press  found  fault  with  us  Inst  year 
because  we  assigned  for  that  Territory  an  annual  production 
of  but  £14,000,000,  whereas  it  was  claimed  to  have  reached 
820,000,000— and  this  at  the  very  time  that  statisticians,  in 
other  quarters,  were  reprimanding  us  for  having  already 
grossly  over-stated  the  true  amount  I 

But  despite  these  discrepancies  of  opinion  as  relates  to  the 
past,  we  know  from  the  well-ascertained  yield  of  certain 
leading  localities,  that  the  aggregate  production  of  the  coast 
must  have  been  large  for  the  year  just  closed.  Turning  to  a 
few  of  these,  we  find,  for  instance,  that  the  bullion  ship- 
ments from  Virginia  City  and  Gold  Hill  amounted  lor  the 
year  to  £12,500,000,  being  the  product  of  the  Comstock  mines 
alone,  and  which  amount  exceeded  by  $3,400,000  the  out- 
turn of  the  previous  year.  From  Austin  there  has  been 
sent  over  two  millions  of  dollars,  being  mostly  the  product 
of  the  mines  in  that  vicinity,  and  all  from  the  region  gener- 
ally designated  the  Reese  River  Country.  From  the  White 
Pine  District  an  equal  If  not  greater  amount  has  been  ship- 
ped; while  the  Eaymond  &  Ely,  and  other  mines  in  the 
neighborhood,  will  have  turned  out  nearly  as  much  more. 
The  Humboldt  Country  may  be  counted  upon  for  a  million ; 
wh<le  the  Eureka,  Mineral  Hill,  Railroad,  Columbus,  and 
several  other  districts  in  that  State  will  each  be  able  to 
make  a  good  report  of  their  year's  work,  several  of  them 
being  new  contributors  to  the  bullion  product  ol  Nevada, 
whose  total  production  for  the  year  will  overrun  821,000,000. 
In  Utah  we  have,  also,  a  new  and  prolific  ally,  her  rich  and 
virgin  mines  having  responded  liberally  to  the  means  ap- 
plied for  their  development.  Looking  to  California,  we  find 
that  while  the  lack  of  water  has  greatly  crippled  the  pro 
ductive  energies  of  many  ol  our  mines,  it  has  not  prevented 
the  more  prominent  localities  from  making  a  very  fair  show- 
ing for  the  year.  Nevada  County  calls  for  a  credit  of  seven 
millions,  based  on  the  gold  extracted  from  her  quartz  and 
gravel  mines  during  the  past  twelve  months.  Sierra  and  Yuba 
feel  each  entitled  to  half  as  much  more,  while  Placer,  Plu- 
mas, Amador,  and  Butte,  with  several  other  of  our  leading 
mining  counties,  have  each  turned  out  such  an  amount  of 
bullion  as  will  save  the  annual  production  of  the  State  from 
falling  greatly  below  the  average  of  late  years.  From  this 
cursory  review  of  the  field,  it  will  be  seen  that  our  estimate, 
though  it  may  seem  large,  in  view  of  the  dullness  that  has 
pervaded  many  localities,  is  not  really  excessive.  The 
amount  of  treasure  received  during  the  year  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, through  public  channels,  has,  indeed,  been  much  less ; 
the  entire  sum  transmitted  through  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'e 
Express,  including  coin,  being  reported  at  $42,962,540.  The 
receiptB  of  this  house  reached  $48,341,629  and  £55,310,151  for 
the  years  1870  and  1869  respectively,  the  coin  receipts  having 
been  much  larger  for  the  latter  than  during  the  year  1871. 
During  each  of  these  years,  a  good  deal  of  bullion  was  ship- 
ped directly  East  from  Nevada,  Utah,  and  Montana,  the 
largest  amount  having  gone  that  way  during  the  year  just 
ended.  As  regards  the  out-look  for  the  future,  and,  more 
especially, 

The  Prospective  Yield  tor  the  Incoming  Tear. 
There  can  be  no  question  but  every  thing  wears  a  most 
cheering  aspect,  and  that  the  product  will  prove  to  be  unusu- 
ally large.  When  we  take  into  consideration  the  entire  sit 
nation— the  Immense  gains  we  have  now  made  In  the  busi- 
ness of  mining;  the  improved  processes  and  machinery 
lately  Introduced,  coupled  with  the  great  number  of  new  re 
ductlon  works  erected,  and  the  certainty  of  ample  water 
supplies  the  approaching  season,  we  find  here  an  aggregate 
of  recently  accruing  advantages  that  warrants  us  In  predict- 
ing for  the  current  year  a  yield  of  the  precious  metals  equiv 
alent  to  elghty-flve  or  ninety  millions  of  dollars;  and 
should  nothing  transpire  meantime  to  mar  the  present  pros- 
pect, there  would  be  little  ground  for  surprise  should  the 
product  reach  a  hundred  millions  by  the  end  of  the  year. 

Everywhere  new  ore-crushing  mills  have  been  erected, 
the  most  of  them  of  large  capacity,  and  nearly  all  capable 
of  doing  better  work  than  the  average  of  those  before  put 
up.  Improved  furnaces  have  been  built  for  roasting  the  re- 
bellious ores,  and  a  great  number  of  smelting  works  con- 
structed In  the  base-metal  districts.  In  the  ditches  and  res- 
ervoirs built  in  this  State  the  past  year,  our  water-supplving 
facilities  have  been  increased  fully  twenty  per  cent.,  while 
capital,  the  most  powerful  auxiliary  of  all,  has  come  to  our 
assistance,  with  a  freedom  and  readiness  never  before  expe- 
rienced—such aid  having,  in  fact,  never  before  been  so  fully 
deserved.  With  all  these  helps,  and  the  many  new  discov- 
eries being  made  and  rich  mines  constantly  developed,  we 
fee  confident,  that,  with  no  untoward  turn  of  events,  there 
will  be  gathered  from  the  mineral  reglona  west  of  the  Rocky 


Mountains  a  hundred  million  dollars  within  the  next  twelve 
months. 

Dividends,  Profits,  Etc. 

With  this  free  production,  the  profits  arising  from  mining 
operations  the  past  year  have  been  correspondingly  large, 
leading  to  liberal  Investment  in  stocks  and  properties  of  this 
kind,  causing  the  latter  to  advance  steadily,  and,  in  some 
cases,  with  extreme  rapidity.  Many  of  the  older  mines, 
which  had  for  a  long  time  been  worked  with  little  or  no 
profit,  have  been  rescued  from  the  assessment  and  restored 
to  the  dividend-paying  roll.  Others,  which  had  never  be 
fore  contributed  anything  toward  the  cost  of  their  develop- 
ment, have  begun  to  yield  pay-ore.  and  even  afford  in  some 
cases  handsome  returns;  while  still  another  class,  that  had 
been  straggling  for  years  with  an  adverse  fate,  their  stock 
depressed  to  mere  nominal  figures,  have  advanced  many 
hundred  percent,  and  that  without  undue  inflation,  there 
being,  to  all  appearances,  a  good  margin  for  them  to  further 
appreciate  on  their  merits.  Several  new  mines,  some  of 
them  only  discovered,  or  at  least  brought  to  a  productive 
condition,  within  the  year,  have  already  yielded  large  and 
profitable  returns,  sufficient,  in  some  instances,  to  have  re- 
imbursed their  purchase  money,  with  cost  of  plant  and 
other  improvements.  This  has  been  the  case  with  a  number 
of  mines  in  Nevada  and  Utah,  while  almost  all  the  early  lo- 
cations on  the  Comstock  Lode  have  so  improved  in  appear- 
ance or  actual  ore  production  as  to  greatly  enhance  their 
value.  The  Crown  Point  and  Belcher  grounds,  which,  a 
little  more  than  one  year  ago,  could  have  been  bought  for 
less  than  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  aro  now  selling  at 
rites  that  would  aggregate  more  than  three  million  dollars 
each.  Nor  are  these  rates  at  all  extravagant,  such  large 
bodies  of  high-grade  ore  having  been  developed  in  these 
mines  as  fully  warrant  them.  Already  these  companies  are 
paying  enormous  dividends,  and  it  is  quite  probable  that 
their  net  profits  will  amount  the  current  year  to  several 
millions. 

Several  other  claims  on  the  Comstock— such  as  the  Yellow 
Jacket,  Hale  &  Norcross,  and  Chollar— have  also  made  large 
net  earnings  the  past  year,  a  state  of  affairs  that  they  will, 
most  likely,  be  able  to  maintain  in  the  future.  The  Ray- 
mond and  Ely,  the  Meadow  Valley,  Eureka  Consolidated, 
in  Nevada ;  several  mines  in  Utah,  and  a  number  also  in  the 
Owyhee  country,  southwestern  Idaho,  have  been  advanced 
to  dividend  paying  concerns,  the  first  named  just  now  head- 
ing the  list  for  large  and  profitable  production,  though  there 
Is  every  reason  to  suppose  some  of  the  others  may  ulti- 
mately rival  it  in  this  respect.  The  gains  made  during  the 
year  in  the  Owyhee  District  amount  to  over  ono  hundred 
per  cent.,  the  half-yearly  shipments  from  that  locality  end- 
lug  June  30, 1871,  having  reached  over  £600,000,  against  less 
than  $210,000  for  a  like  perioa  the  year  before. 

In  California,  we  have  had  many  hydraulic  and  drift 
claims  paying  immense  dividends,  the  profits  arising  from 
the  operations  of  these  mines  being  generally  large  and 
sometimes  enormous.  A  good  proportion  of  our  quartz 
mines  have  also  afforded  handsome  revenues  to  owners  the 
past  year,  though  there  is  little  doubt  but  their  earnings,  as 
well  as  those  of  every  other  class  of  mines  in  this  State,  will 
hereafter  prove  more  satisfactory  than  they  have  done  for 
the  past  two  years. 

The  Comstock  Lode. 

As  is  the  case  in  all  capacious  ore  channels  the  pay  chutes 
have,  at  different  periods  duringthe  past  twelve  years,  given 
out  and  come  in  at  various  points  along  the  line  of  the  Com- 
stock Lode ;  nearly  all  the  leading  locations  on  it  having,  at 
one  time  or  another,  been  in  bonanza.  First, we  had,  as  large 
producers,  the  Opblr,  Mexican,  and  Central,  at  the  north  end 
with  several  small  claims  at  Gold  Hill;  large  bodies  of  good 
ore  being  alterwards  successively  developed  in  the  Gould  & 
Curry,  Chollar,  Savage,  and  Hale  &  Norcross,  and  still  later 
in  the  Yellow  Jacket,  Crown  Point,  Belcher  and  other 
grounds  situate  at  the  southern  extremity,  as  the  mass  of 
pay  ore  gave  out  at  the  opposite  end  of  the  lode.  Subse- 
quently, the  grounds  of  nearly  all  these  companies  became 
more  or  less  impoverished,  some  of  them  losing  their  pay  ore 
altogether.  Recently,  immense  chimneys  of  rich  ore  have 
been  opened  up  at  great  depths  in  several  of  these  claims, 
those  found  in  the  Crown  Point  and  Belcher  surpassing  In 
magnitude  any  thing  ever  before  encountered  on  the  Corn- 
stock  range.  The  prospects  are  also  Improving,  just  now,  in 
the  Savage,  Gould  &  Curry,  and  others  of  the  older  claims 
on  the  mother  lode,  which,  with  the  great  strikes  made  else- 
wheae,  have  steadily  advanced  the  price.of  shares  in  all  the 
companies  located  upon  it,  causing,  even  such  grounds  as 
have,  under  very  extended  and  costly  exploration,  still  re- 
mained barrel*,  to  greatly  appreciate  In  value. 

Thus,  we  have  the  Consolidated  Virginia  ground,  made  up 
of  several  early  claims,  covering  in  all  some  thousands  of 
feet,  lying  between  the  chimney  that  formerly  enriched  the 
Ophir  and  adjacent  grounds,  and  the  Gould  and  Curry,  and 
which  for  many  years  was  considered  worthless,  now  selling 
at  prices  tbat  aggregate  a  very  respectable  sum.  Yet 
no  valuable  deposits  have  been  met  with  in  this  ground— 
the  vein,  though  existing  along  Its  whole  extent,  having 
thus  far  proved  nearly  barren.  And  so,  too,  with  the  Impe- 
rial Company  at  Gold  Hill,  whose  prospects  were  so  desper- 
ate In  July  last  tbat  they  shut  down  work,  a  move  that  was 
then  considered  almost  equivalent  to  nn  abandonment  of 
their  mine,  on  which  a  costly  system  of  prospecting  had 
been  carried  forward  without  interruption  for  a  series  of 
years,  the  labor  of  this  company  constituting  one  of  the 
most  signal  examples  of  perseverance  yet  exhibited  in  the 
history  of  mining  exploration  on  this  coast.  A  large  and 
well-constructed  shaft  had  been  sunk  here  to  a  perpendicu- 
lar depth  of  1,300  feet,  from  the  bottom  of  which  drifts  were 
run  toward  every  point  of  the  compass.with  cross-drifts  in  all 
directions.  From  these  excavations  many  winzes  had  been 
raised  and  shafts  sunk,  honey-combing  their  ground,  without 
developing  any  pay-ore.  As  a  consequence,  the  stock  of  the 
company  dropped  to  a  low  figure.  Under  the  influence  of 
the  strikes  since  made  in  the  vicinity  it  hag,  however,  ral- 
lied, and  bids  fair  to  reach  a  higher  point  than  It  has  touched 
for  a  long  time  past,  notwithstanding  no  new  developments 
have  been  made  in  the  mine,  work  having  not  yet  been  re- 
sumed upon  It. 

As  the  rich  bonanza  lately  reached  m  the  Crown  Point 
and  extending  thence  Into  the  Belcher  is  not  only  rich  but 
expands  as  followed  up,  giving  to  it  an  appearance  of  great 
permanency,  and  as  there  is  such  a  general  Improvement 
along  almost  the  entire  length  of  the  Comstock  Lode, 
coupled  with  largely  increased  facilities  and  lessened  cost 
for  milling  ore,  there  is  no  doubt  but  the  product  of  that 
lode,  which  reached  £12,500.000  last  season  will  be  much 
greater  for  the  incomingyear,  many  good  judges  estimating 
the  latter  as  high  as  sixteen  and  even  eighteen  millions  of 
dollars.  That  it  will  reach  the  flrst-named  sum  is  very  like- 
ly, nor  is  it  at  all  improbable  that  it  may  equal  and  oven 
surpass  the  latter. 

All  doubts  and  even  speculations  as  to  the  Comstock  be- 
ing a  true  Assure  and  even  one  of  the  most  masterly  silver- 
bearing  veins  ever  discovered,  are  now  set  at  rest.  Already 
it  has  been  pursued  to  a  depth  of  1,300  feet  at  points  separat- 
ed by  a  linear  space  of  more  than  one  mile  along  it.  At  this 
depth  it  has  been  found  strong  and  fertile,  with  a  lateral  ex 


pansion  at  many  places  of  more  than  a  hundred  feet;  the 
cross-cuts  in  the  Crown  Point  and  Belcher  chimney  having 
already  attained  that  length  without  encountering  the  op- 
posite walls  of  the  ore  channel. 

The  magnitude  and  productive  capacity  of  the  Comstock 
Lode  become  the  more  strikingly  apparent  when  we  consid- 
er a  few  of  the  more  prominent  facts  connected  with  its 
past  history.  The  total  yield  of  this  vein  up  to  date,  cover 
ing  a  period  of  active  production  of  about  ten  years,  amounts 
to  something  like  £130,000,000,  being  a  yearly  average  of 
£13,000,000. 

The  out-turn  of  some  of  the  principal  mines  on  this  lode 
has  been  enormous.  Twelve  of  .them,  up  to  the  middle  of 
August  last,  had  produced,  been  assessed,  and  made  divid- 
ends as  follows : 

Bullion  Assess-        Price  of 

produced.    Dividend1),    ments.  MineB. 

Ophir $5,240.000  00    $1,394,400    $1,232,000     £420,000 

Gould  &  Curry  15,555,232  24      3,826,800         633,000        494,000 

Savage 14,437.456  43      4,288,000        468,000       592,000 

H.  &  Norcross    4,485,475  12      1,598,000         690,000       800,000 

Chollar 10.780,021  10      2.800,000        462,000        933,100 

Imperial 5,074,584  95      1.067,500        490,000       200,000 

Empire 2,629,339  94         5)3,600  90,010  36,000 

Yellow  Jacket  14,177,774  30      2,184,000      1,518,000     1,080,000 

Kentuck 4,070,097  81       1,252,000  70,000        228,000 

Crown  Point..     4,334.112  00         978,000         623,370     3,600,000 

Belcher 1,570,370  00  234,400     2,408.000 

Overman 1,692,347  00  724,288         76,!"" 


Totals £84,046,811  89  £19,900,300   £7,235,058  $10,857,900 

Adding  to  the  above  sum  the  product  of  these  mines  since 
the  middle  of  August,  and  that  of  all  other  claims  on  the 
Comstock  range  since  they  were  first  opened,  we  arrive  at 
the  grand  total  before  named.  The  yield  accredited  to  the 
Crown  Point  and  the  Belcher  comes  only  down  to  the  month 
of  May,  the  end  of  their  fiscal  year,  and  doeB  not  cover  their 
earnings  and  dividends  for  the  following  three  months. 
From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  seen  that  these  mines,  deduct- 
ing assessments  from  the  amount  of  dividends  declared,  have 
paid  the  owners  at  the  rate  of  about  20  per  cent,  per  annum 
interest  on  their  Investments,  calculating  the  value  of  those 
properties  at  the  current  market  rates  at  the  time  this  table 
was  compiled. 

Work  Kesiimed  and  Old  Districts  Re*  occu- 
pied. 

With  increased  facilities  for  prosecuting  work  to  a  suc- 
cessful issue,  suspended  operations  have  been  resumed  on 
many  mines  and  are  now  being  carried  forward  with  energy 
and  very  generally  with  good  prospects  for  a  final  success; 
some  of  these  delayed  and  even  abandoned  enterprises  hav- 
ing already  richly  rewarded  those  venturing  further  expend" 
lture  on  their  account. 

Among  the  more  noted  localities  In  this  category,  we  have 
the  mines  at  Copperopolls,  where  operations,  after  having 
been  suspended  for  a  number  of  years,  have  lately  been  re- 
commenced, the  prospect  of  soon  enjoying  railroad  facillt'es 
tor  transporting  the  ore  to  market  having  been  the  principal 
cause  moving  to  this  course.  In  Hope  Valley,  the  Rodger's 
Copper  Mine  is  also  being  re-worked,  after  a  long  season  of 
rest  About  Virginia  City,  a  number  of  mines,  including  the 
Lady  Bryan  and  others  once  enjoying  considerable  notorie, 
ty,  have  recently  been  reopened  and  show  good  breasts  of 
ore.  In  California,  and,  in  fact,  throughout  all  parts  of  the 
mining  regions,  this  process  of  resumption  and  re-location 
has  been  going  on,  indicating  a  more  stable  condition  of  so- 
ciety and  a  growing  confidence  In  this  class  of  claims.  In 
some  sections  of  Nevada,  districts  which  a  few  years  ago 
were  nearly  deserted,  have  again  become  quite  populous; 
the  miners  who  first  inhabited  them  having,  after  trying 
their  luck  elsewhere,  come  back  and  settled  down,  satisfied 
with  the  chances  in  these  abandoned  places. 

In  this  connection,  it  is  worthy  of  observation  that  some 
of  the  best  districts  in  Utah  and  Nevada,  as  well  as  in  Ari- 
zona, were  thus  run  over  and  hastily  left  in  the  early  day, 
and  that  several  of  the  most  prolific  mines  in  California  have 
in  like  manner  been  for  years  neglected  and  all  but  aban- 
doned, because  ot  some  unfavorable  turn  in  the  ore  or  other 
Incident  having  little  to  do  with  their  actual  merits.  Thus 
the  Alison  Ranch  property,  which  had  been  suffered  to  go 
into  a  decline  and  for  a  long  time  stand  Idle,  was  at  once  re- 
suscitated and  restored  almost  to  its  pristine  state,  ujider  a 
more  prudent  and  vigorous  administration.  But  a  few 
months  ago.  the  famous  Eureka  mine,  near  Grass  Valley, 
suffered  an  eclipse  that  would  have  caused  a  timid  and  Ir- 
resolute owner  to  have  forsaken  it  as  worthless.  Persistent 
exploration  has  revealed  at  greater  depths  a  new  body  of  ore 
which,  though  not  yet  equal  to  that  lost  above,  has  saved 
this  property  from  dropping  into  the  abyss  of  abandoned 
claim?,  Hnd  has  even  given  ground  to  hope  that  it  may  yet 
take  rank  among  our  most  valuable  mines.  With  these  facts 
before  us.Jthere  is  every  reason  for  believing  that  the  Souls- 
by  and  other  well-developed  and  once  noted  quartz  lodes  in 
this  State,  upon  which,  for  reasons  not  bearing  on  their  ac- 
tual merits,  little  or  nothing  has  for  a  long  time  been  done, 
would,  upon  their  restoration  to  a  working  State,  prove 
properties  of  large  and  permanent  value. 

In  these  and  similar  incidents,  we  have  lessons  that  should 
teach  our  miners  greater  patience  and  restrain  them  from 
hastily  abandoning  a  mine  or  leaving  a  locality  because  ev- 
erything does  not  at  first  glance  seem  auspicious. 

Among  the  more  encouraging  events,  and 

BToted  Occurrences  ot  the  Year, 
We  have  to  report  the  discovery  of  many  promising  lodes 
and  ore  deposits  in  eastern  Nevada  and  portions  of  Utah 
Territory,  drawing  into  those  sections  of  country  a  consider- 
able population  and  greatly  stimulating  mining  enterprise  in 
that  quarter.  Considerable  money  has  been  expended  In 
the  purchase  of  mining  properties  in  that  region,  though  the 
more  experienced  and  cautious  class  of  operators  have  been 
restrained  from  Investing  freely  on  account  of  the  eccentric 
and  uncertain  character  of  the  deposits  there,  tew  of  them 
being  lodged  in  regular  fissures.  Owing  to  this  treacherous 
feature  ot  these  mines,  capitalists  — more  especially  Califor- 
nians  and  those  abroad  in  seeking  a  field  for  permanent  in- 
vestment—have given  a  preference  to  the  quartz  lodeB  and 
gravel  mines  of  this  State,  into  which  large  sums  of  money 
have  been  put  the  past  summer;  the  freedom  with  which 
capital  has  been  expended  in  this  behalf  constituting  anoth- 
er marked  feature  of  the  year  just  closed.  .A  large  propor- 
tion of  the  funds  thus  expended  has  been  on  account  of  for- 
eign—mostly  English— investors;  and  while  it  would  be  dif- 
ficult to  determine  exactly  how  much  has  been  drawn  from 
that  quarter  the  past  year,  the  aggregate  sum  has  no  doubt 
amounted  to  a  very  large  figure  — not  less,  perhaps,  than 
three  or  four  million  dollars  cash  for  the  entire  coast. 

Generally  these  investments  have  been  fortunate,  and  are 
likely  to  prove  satisfactory  to  those  making  them ;  though 
there  have  been  a  few  exceptions  to  this  rule,  the  most  of 
these  latter  occurring  in  the  State  of  Nevada.  It  has  also 
happened  in  a  few  cases  that  English  parties  have  had  to 
pay,  if  not  an  exorbitant  price  for-their  mine3,  at  least  amost 
extortionate  fee  for  the  services  ot  "  middle-men,"  some  of 
those  parties  buying  shares  In  these  Nevada  mines  on  the 
London  markethavlng  furthermore  suffered  from  purchasing 
the  same  after  they  had  been  unduly  inflated. 

We  Incline  to  the  opinion  that  onr  British  friends  will  find 
they  have  made  their  best  ventures  in  the  gravel  mines  of 
California,  both  as  regards  safety  and  profit.    In  this  depart- 


ment they  have,  so  far  as  our  knowledge  extends,  uniformly 
done  well,  having  gotten  hold  of  some  of  the  choicest  prop- 
erties of  this  kind  ever  yet  opened  in  the  State. 
iilat  ol  American  Mines  owned  by  English 
Companies* 
The  followlng-is  a  list  of  the  mines  on  this  coast,  including 
Colorado  Territory,  owned  abroad  and  chiefly  by  English 
capitalists,  as  we  find  the  same  quoted  In  the  stock  schedule 
of  the  London  Mining  Journal,  December  16th,  1871.  To 
designate  the  respective  localities  or  these  mines,  wo  have 
employed  the  following  symbols  :  Those  located  in  Califor- 
nia are  followed  by  an*;  Nevada,  byt;  Utah,  by*;  Color- 
ado, by  11.  We  have  also  raduced,  as  near  as  may  be,  to 
dollars  the  English  pound  sterling,  used  in  the  Journal,  for 
expressing  the  prices  paid  for  Btocks,  amount  of  capital  in- 
vested, etc. : 


NAME  OF  COMPANY. 

a 

c 

1 
to 

9 
fl' 

■  S 

:  & 
:  ° 

3. 

T3 

5 

SI 
0     0 

H,       g 
•§         g 

£  1 

:     i 

:     3 

Eberhardt  &  Aurora  t. . . 

21.000 
23,500 

112, S00 
60,000 
15,000 
15,000 
7,500 
6,000 

100.0OO 
50,000 
60,000 
30.000 
6,000 
12.100 
20,000 
11.000 
30.000 
15,000 
26.000 
44,000 

150,000 
37.500 
13,000 
40.000 
10,000 

82.5  00 
50  00 
10  00 
26  00 
20  00 
20  00 
50  00 
15  00 

5  00 
100  00 

5  00 

10  00 

11  25 
20  00 
20  00 
20  00 
50  00 
35  00 
25  00 
25  00 
60  00 

1  00 
25  00 
10  00 
50  00 

$23  75 
75  00 
27  50 
11-25 
16  25 
21  25 

"  i'H 
116  25 

20  00 

31  25 
90  00 

21  25 

4125 
4125 

$525,(100 

1.175,(100 

1,125,000 

1,500.000 

200,01.0 

300,000 

375.000 

Oiiftonl 

500.(100 

5.0110,000 

300.000 

300,000 

75,000 

310,000 

500,000 

275.000 

1,500,000 

525  000 

650,000 

1,300,000 

7,500,000 

net.* 

Silver  Start 

3  A  000 

500,00 

This  list  sums  up  a  total  of  nominal  capital  equivalent  to 
$25,187,500.  In  looking  it  over,  we  see  the  Silver  Star  Com- 
pany accredited  to  Nevada.  We  do  not  remember  of  any 
company  having  been  organized  fo  buy  or  operate  mines  un- 
der any  such  name  in  that  State,  and  incline  to  the  belief 
that  there  is  a  mistake,  both  as  to  the  locality  and  the 
amount  of  capital  assigned  to  that  company.  There  was  a 
group  of  Utah  mines,  one  of  them  named  the  "  Silver  Star," 
sold  to  an  English  Company  not  long  Blnce  for  $450,000,  and 
It  is  possible  that.this  transaction  maybe  hero  reterred  to; 
but  whether  this  be  so  or  not,  there  is  no  doubt  some  mis- 
take as  to  the  amount  of  capital  set  down  In  this  list. 
Wherefore,  though  ignorant  of  the  actual  facts  in  the  case, 
we  may  as  well  deduct  from  the  above  total  a  sum  of  at 
least  seven  million  dollars,  reducing  it  to  $18,187,500.  Of 
this  amount,  perhaps' one- fourth  or  a  little  less  has  been  paid 
In  cash  to  the  original  Owners,  who  have  besides,  in  many 
cases,  received  a  large  number  of  shares  in  the  new  compa 
nles.  In  addition  to  this,  a  million  dollars,  and  perhaps 
more,  has  been  paid  or  provided  for  by  the  purchasers  for 
working  capital. 

The  following  mines,  not  included  in  the  above  list,  have 
also  been  Bold  to  English  companies  during  the  past  year, 
viz:  The  Silver  Cloud.  Camp  Floyd  District,  Utah  Territo- 
ry, for  the  sum  of  $350,000;  the  Independence,  California,  for 
$200,000;  the  North  America  (drift  gravel  claim).  Sierra 
County,  Cal.,  organized  with  a  capital  of  $400,000,  $50,000  of 
which  Is  lor  working  purposes;  the  Dunderberg  (silver), 
Mono  County,  Cal.,  for  $150,000:  the  Furguson  (quartz), 
Mariposa  County,  Cal.,  $100,000;  the  Schenectady  Mine,  in 
connection  with  Bevernl  other  lodes,  situate  In  Arizona,  for 
$100,000.  These  are  all  proven,  and  the  most  of  them  large- 
ly productive  properties,  and  have  probably  been  bought  at 
reasonable  figures.  The  present  owners  of  the  Silver  Cloud 
are  said  to  have  been  offered  nearly  one  hundred  per  cent, 
more  for  that  mine  than  they  gave  for  it;  while  the  North 
America  claim  could  not  to-day  be  bought  lor  twice  the  sum 
for  which  it  was  bonded  eight  months  ngo.  The  Furguson 
Mine  is  also  said  to  have  appreciated  nearly  one  hundred  per 
cent,  within  the  past  four  or  five  months.  Adding  these 
sums  to  the  above  amount,  and  we  have  a  nominal  of  capi- 
tal of  over  twenty  million  dollars  invested  in  our  mhitB  on 
English  account,  of  which  nearly  one-third,  including  work- 
ing capital,  has  been  paid  in  cash. 

Besides  these  absolute  sales,  a  good  many  of  our  mines  are 
being  negotiated  on  the  London  market.  In  this  category, 
rumor  places  the  Redlngton  Quicksilver  Mine,  for  $1,100, 
000;  the  North  Bloomfleld  Hydraulic  mines,  at  something 
over  a  million  dollars;  the  Dardanelles  (drift  and  hydraulic', 
at  $500,000,  not  to  mention  a  number  of  others  being  treated 
for,  and  some  of  which  will,  no  doubt,  bo  disposed  of  at  an 
early  day. 

In  recurring  to  the  foregoing  list,  it  may  be  observed  that 
the  shares  of  nearly  all  these  companies  arc  set  down  there- 
on as  being  fully  paid.  But  five  of  the  entire  number  are  ac- 
credited with  having  as  yet  paid  any  dividends.  These  are 
the  Sweetland  Creek,  which  has  declared  a  dividend  of  £1 
4s  to  the  share;  the  Eberhardt  &  Aurora,  £1;  the  South 
Aurora,  12s  2d;  the  Colorado  Terrible,  8s;  and  the  Sierra 
Buttes,  6s.  Notwithstanding  this  meagre  showing  of  divi- 
dends, the  shares  of  many  of  these  companies  have  appreci- 
ated largely;  someot  them  over  one  hundred  per  cent.,  as 
will  be  seen  by  referring  to  the  list.  In  some  cases,  they  nre 
not  so  high  now  as  they  were  a  tew  months  ago,  the  shares 
of  several  of  these  companies  having  suffered  a  decline 
ranging  from  twenty  to  sixty  per  cent.,  partly  in  conse 
quence  of  unfavorable  reports  from  the  mines,  but  chiefly 
because  they  had  been  run  up  to  extravagant  prices  under  a 
speculative  feeling.  That  they  still  enjoy,  to  a  great  degree, 
the  confidence  of  ^financial  circles  abroad  Is  shown  by  the 
figures  at  which  many  of  them  continue  to  bo  quoted;  nor 
can  it  be  said  that  the  rates  ruling  are  excessive,  the  divi- 
dends as  yet  declared  being  no  criterion  of  their  value.  Thus 
far  the  most  of  these  companies  have  been  obliged  to  use 
the  earnings  of  their  mines  for  the  erection  of  reduction 
works,  the  purchase  of  supplies,  the  construction  of  roads, 
and  other  needed  improvements,  and  sometimes  also  for  the 
more  thorough  exploration  of  the  mines  themselves.  With 
these  preliminary  labors  completed,  earnings  will  begin  to 
accumulate  and  dividends  in  due  time  ensue. 
The  Experience  of  English  Companies  at 
IV Kite  Pine. 

In  so  far  as  the  English  public  may  have  had  recent  cause 
for  complaint,  on  account  of  losses  sustained  through  min- 
ing operations,  It  has  been  mainly  due  to  advances  effected 
In  the  prices  of  American  mining  stocks  through  illegitimate 
means  employed  by  their  homo  financiers.  As  a  general 
thing,  the  losses  sustained  by  people  abroad,  through  this 
class  of  Investments,  have  been  attributable  to  the  manipu- 
lations of  parties  In  London,  rnthcr  than  to  any  fault  In  the 
mines  themselves,  or  any  mistakes  committed  by  the  ex- 
perts chosen  to  nquire  Into  and  report  upon  their  merits,  or 


February  3,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


67 


yet  of  loose  to  whi/se  management  they  have  afterward  bceu 
committed. 

The  most  Berioos  ill  sap  point  merit*  ocennine,  of  this  kind, 
have  grown  out  of  the  purcbaa*  ol  fharoa  In  certalu  cumpan- 
Im  owning  In,  and  operating,  mints  ut  WhJiu  Pine.  Having 
I  able  to  make  a  fair  allowing,  and  t<>  dMltn  liberal  div- 
idends for  a  few  montlis  at  Die  Mart,  tin-  itock  Ol  these  com- 
panics  appreciated  rapidly  In  tlu-  Loudon  market,  advanc- 
ing, on  their  par  value,  several  hundred  pv  c«ot  In  a  short 
time;  bayen  not  stopping  to  Inquire  whether  these  results 
wcru  based  on  AOTftlopmantl  indicating  a  likelihood  of  their 
continuance,  or  whether  thc>  were  merely  accidental,  or 
due,  perhaps,  to   special  efforts  directed  to  that  end. 

Having  reached  extreme  figures,  these  stocks  soon  after 
began  lo  decline.     BtU   tiding   came  Irom   UU   min.i;  Un- 
ore  bodies,  In  the  lower  levels,  began  to  show  signs  of  ex- 
haustion, boring,  In  some  cases,  been  already  wool] 
pleted;    while    D«lU)«r  vertieal    nor    lateral    exploration 
always  lead  to  inch  new  deposit*  as  served  to  sustain  former 
rates  of  production.    The  average  grade  of  mlllable  ore  also 
ran  somewhat  lower  than  at  first.    Certain  ol  the  DftWly- 
erected  mills  wcro  found  to  be  at  fault;  bresl 
red,  ami  mow portion!  of  the  machinery  proved  del 
the  water  supply,  guaranteed  by  the  vendors  to  be  onl 
and  abundant,  proved  luoutlhi' hi ;   Un    tr.nnway  built,  at  a 
MpeOdlttlM,  ni  tilt  bOptJ  that  It  Would  gTUtly  reduce 
the  cost  of  transporting  tlU  OH  from  tin-  mlnu  to  the  mills, 

A  to  perftumtbal  service  emotively;  wherefore  the  oat- 

turn  of  bullion  fell  off;  dividends  ceased,  and  shure.i  front 
down,  falling,  In  somo  cases,  40  or  50  per  cent,  and.  In  oth- 
ers, almost  to  par,  causing  consternation  among  the  share- 
hoMei*  i-'iMTftlly,  and  entailing  heavy  loss  on  moh  as  bed 
purchased  largely  on  a  too  buoyant  market. 

To  add  to  the  dismay  of  our  English  friends,  in  this  unhap- 
py conjunction  of  circumstances,  an  eminent  mining  engin- 
eer, engaged,  about  thin  time,  In  making  an  oxumlnnllun  ol 
certain  properties  In  that  vicinity,  having  been  Invoked  for 
an  opinion  as  to  the  apparent  value  of  the  mines  Ol  these 
companies,  expressed  somo  doubts  on  tho  score  of  their 
'probable  permanence  at  greater  depths,  and  the  consequent 
chances  ol  long-continued  ore  supplies,  or,  on  he  laconically 
stated  the  cose,  while  be  considered  that  further  prospecting 
should  be  done  on  these  mines,  he  did  not  believe  very  large 
sums  sliould  bo  paid  lor  tho  privilege  of  carrying  It  on. 

And  so  these  Btocks  have  since  remained  depressed,  not- 
withstanding n  correction,  meantime,  of  boiiic  of  these 
mistakes  and  errors,  the  partial  removal  of  others,  and 
a  marked  Improvement  In  the  condition  and  prospects  of 
some  of  tho  mines.  In  several  of  the  claims  belonging  to  the 
Kberlutrdt  and  North  Aurora  Company,  One  bodies  of  ore 
have  lately  been  met  with,  ivliiu-,  in  t lie  .South  Aurora,  sys- 
tematic exploration  h  being  poshed  with  energy,  a  tunnel 
now  being  10  course  of  excavation  designed  to  open  It  up  to 
gn-tiu-r  dt*th3,  mid  with  u  K"od  chance  or  developing  new 
masses  ol  ore. 

This  has,  from  tbe  drat,  been  one  of  the  most  largely 
productive  and  promising  mines  on  Treasure  mil;  and  ii 
teems  hardly  possible*  that  an  ore  channel  so  vast,  should, 

though  marked  bj  some  irregularities,  the  results,  probably. 
of  surface  disturmiiiiu,  lall  In  persistence  In  depth,  or  soon 
become  wholly  exhausted  ol  its  metalllleruus  contents. 
should,  however,  tbe  productive  energies  of  thiamine  be- 
ciii.'  -orlously  impaired,  the  vemlorH  would,  through  their 
generous  conduct  111  donating  ho  large  11  sum  toward  delruv- 
fng  the  expense  of  further  exploration,  command  tho  hearty 
sympathy  of  the  mining  public,  as  thev  nave  always  been 
entitled  to  respect  lor  their  fulr  and  honorable  course  in  ne- 
gotiating the  sale  or  this  property. 

That  the  .I'uiuiitius  ol  ore  at  command  In  tho  mines  on 
Treasure  Hill  will  always  greatly  fluctuate,  unless  explora- 
tion bo  kept  well  in  advance  of  extraction,  may  be  ex- 
pected, as  the  ore  channels  here,  while  large  and  fertile,  have 
shown  themselves  to  be  of  un  extremely  eccentric  charac- 
ter.' That  the  mills  here  need,  with  proper  precaution,  never 
be  In  short  supply  of  ores, and  that  the  latter  will  never  wholly 
fall,  are  opinions  entertained  In  very  authoritative  quarters. 
It  Is  generally  believed,  however,  that  the  past  experience 
of  this  locality  may  be  accepted  as  loreshiuiowlng  that  to 
Come— resultB  will  probably  continue  fluctuating  and  un- 
even, large  masses  01  high-grade  ore  alternating  with  barren 
■paces  ot  considerable  extent,  Imparting,  as  heretofore,  to 
the  operations  carried  on,  a  bopctul.hiit,  at  the  same  time  a 
somewhat  fitful  and  hazardous  character. 
KnglUh  Inveatrueutti  Elsewhere  on  thla  Coast. 

But  whatever  the  mistakes  made  at  White  Pine,  and  how- 
ever tho  investments  of  .British  capitalists  may  flu  ally  re- 
sult in  that  district,  they  huve,  undoubtedlv,  fared  better, 
aud.  In  iact,  almost  invariably  done  well.  In  their  recent  in- 
vestments elsewhere  on  this  Coast.  Look  where  we  will, 
and  we  Had  that  they  have  become,  in  almost  every  import- 
ant district,  partial  owners  111,  or  tho  sole  proprietors  of.  some 
of  the  best  mines  there,  in  the  it  -esc  Uiver  country,  in  the 
Eureka,  l'lnto,  Mineral  Hill,  Troy,  and  several  other  promis- 
ing districts  In  Central  .Nevada,  at  a  number  of  points  in 
Utah,  in  southern  Idaho,  and  throughout  the  mineral  regions 
ot  California,  they  have  become  proprietors,  partial  or  ex- 
clusive, of  many  of  the  most  vuluuble  mines  vet  found  In 
those  localities;  these  parties  having  generally  confined 
their  purchases  to  well-proven  and  actively-productive 
properties. 

Going  to  the  extreme  southern  portion  of  tho  metallifer- 
ous range  in  this  State,  and  passing  to  its  terminus,  three 
hundred  miles  north,  we  flnu  Englishmen  owning  and  op- 
erating mines  In  every  county  throughout  this  eutlre  dis- 
tance. In  Inyo,  they  own  tho  Eclipse— probably  the  best 
mine,  and  Including  mill,  water  privilege,  tramway,  and 
other  Improvements,  by  far  tno  best  developed,  well-con- 
ducted, and  voluuble  property  in  that  section  of  country. 
Alreudy  forty  stamps  arc  in  operation  there,  with  fllty  more 
soon  to  be  added— the  whole  driven  by  water,  of  which  the 
company  have  an  ample  and  unfailing  supply.  Their  mine, 
consisting  of  a  large  vein  of  gold-bearing,  argentiferous  ga- 
lena, Is  well  opened,  there  being  already  sufficient  reserves 
established  to  keen  their  mills  and  furnaces  running  an  en- 
tire year.  In  MarlpoBa  County,  tho  Ferguson  Mine,  lately 
sold  to  English  parties,  is  opening  auspiciously,  indicating 
that  they  obtained  it  at  a  figure  greatly  within  its  real  value. 
In  Tuolumne,  Calaveras,  Amador,  El  Dorado,  and  I'laccr, 
we  find  further  fortunate  purchases  made  on  London  ac- 
count, and  embracing  both  gravel  and  quartz-mining  prop- 
erties. In  Nevada  County,  several  .such  sales  have  been  ef- 
fected, with  negotiations  for  others,  promising  to  inure  hi 
still  greater  advantage  to  purchasers,  still  pending.  In  buy- 
ing the  blrdseyo  and  Sweet  land  Creek  hydraulic  gravel 
mines,  our  English  brethren  have  done  well,  as  will  soon  be 
demonstrated,  now  that  the  embargo  so  long  placed  on  their 
productive  capacities  by  the  drought  has  been  removed. 
Tho  same  will  prove  true,  and  perhaps  in  u  more  eminent 
dogree,  of  the  North  America  group  of  gravel  mines,  also  re- 
cently transferred  to  English  parlies.  And  so  we  might  pro- 
ceed, Including  In  our  list  the  Sierra  Buttes  and  many  other 
mines,  until  we  had  swelled  it  to  much  greater  proportions ; 
the  Instances  already  enumerated  being  sufficient  to  indi- 
cate the  general  character  ot  the  properties  heretofore  pass- 
ed over  to  the  proprietorship  of  foreign  Investors. 

In  this  connection,  it  may  be  pertinent  to  supplement  tho 
able  replies  of  Itoss  Browne  and  others  to  the  inquiry  "  Whv 
our  mine-owners,  having  such  good  properties,  are  so  wlll- 
ingto  part  with  them?"  by  the  further  remark,  that,  un- 
der our  liberal  laws  regulating  the  location  and  holding  of 
mines,  a  single  individual  may,  and,  in  fact,  frequently  does, 
become  the  owner  of  a  great  many  properties  of  thla*  kind ; 
and  that,  very  often,  without  having  the  means  to  develop 
or  make  any  of  them  practically  available.  Hence  his  de- 
sire to  part  with  a  portion  of  his  Interests,  that  he  may  real 
Ize  some  ready  cash,  and  be  enabled.  If  he  desire,  to  improve 
the  remainder.  Nearly  every  miner,  though  a  laboring 
man,  Is  the  owner  ot  a  claim  of  some  kind ;  and,  If  he  sells 
it,  knows  just  where  he  can  go  and  take  up  another— a 
knowledge  that  the  capitalist  does  not  always  possess,  nor, 
If  he  did,  could  he  readily  turn  it  to  practical  account.  The 
other  reasons  that  might  bo  assigned,  in  answer  to  the  above 
inquiry,  have  already  been  so  well  stated,  that  they  need 
not  be  repeated  here. 

Oar  General    Progress  tho  Past  Year. 

In  further  considering  the  progress  made  in  the  depart- 
ment of  mining  and  Its  collateral  pursuits  the  past  year,  It 
may  be  observed,  that  the  business  of  prospecting  has  been 
very  extensively  and  actively  engaged  in,  leading  to  the 
discovery  ol  new  districts  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
the  location  of  many  additional  and  somo  very  valuable 
mines.  The  principal  Held  of  these  exertions  and  fortunate 
results  has  been  central  Utah  and  eastern  Nevada;  though 
we  have  had  some  discoveries  of  this  kind  to  record  in  this 
State,  with  a  creditable  progress  made  also  in  other  and 
more  remote  sections  of  the  interior. 


ECHANICAL     PROGRESS. 


Burnt  Iron  and  Burnt  Steel. 

Au  English  chemist,  says  tho  lale  Cour- 
ant,  W.  Mattieu  Williams,  has  recently 
made  a  series  of  experiments  to  ascertain 
tho  condition  which  is  induced  in  iron 
and  steel  by  overheating,  and  which  is 
technically  called  "  burning."  Burnt  iron 
is  brittle,  has  a  short  fracture,  is  crystal- 
line, and  is  devoid  of  tho  librous  structure 
and  silky  lustre  of  good  iron.  Mr.  Wil- 
liams linds  that  iron  in  this  oondition 
contains,  diffused  through  it,  small  parti- 
cles of  black  oxido.  Hence,  t&  test  the 
question,  often  importaut  in  practice, 
whether  a  given  sample  of  iron  is  burnt, 
he  places  about  a  decigram  iu  a  test-tube, 
and  pours  upon  it  three  cubic  centimeters 
of  nitric  acid  of  sp.  gr,  1.20.  If  the  irou 
is  burnt,  these  particles  of  black  oxide  are 
at  first  left  undissolved,  and,  appearing  in 
the  liquid,  render  it  dark  and  turbid. 
Their  subsequent  solution  distinguishes 
them  from  the  carbon  which  may  also  be 
present  in  the  sample. 

Mr.  Williams  believes  that  the  function 
of  tho  small  quantity  of  carbon  always 
contained  in  good  wrought  iron  is  to  pro- 
vent  this  burning.  When  this  carbon  is 
removed,  the  iron  partially  oxidizes 
throughout  as  soon  as  heated,  and  becomes 
"  burnt."  Hence  the  impossibility  of 
making  merchantable  iron  by  the  Bes- 
semer process,  the  iron,  at  this  high  tem- 
peraturo,  beginning  to  oxidize  even  when 
the  carbon  present  is  as  much  as  0.25  per 
cent.  The  Bessemer  product  is  steel 
therefore,  and  contains  0.28  per  cont.  of 
carbon. 

Iron  has  its  maximum  toughness  when 
the  carbon  is  lowest.  The  skill  of  the 
blacksmith  is  shown  therefore  in  exactly 
touching,  in  his  work,  the  point  at  which 
tho  oxidation  of  the  eai'bon  ceases  and  that 
of  the  iron  begins,  without  passing  it;  thus 
attaining  the  best  result. 

Steel,  on  the  other  hand,  when  "  burnt," 
is  brittle,  can  no  longer  be  tempered,  and 
caunot  be  used  until  it  has  been  raised  to 
a  welding  heat,  rolled  or  hammered,  and 
gradually  cooled.  Its  fracture  is  coarse 
and  granular,  the  facets  of  the  granules 
being  conchoidal,  by  which  the  burnt  con- 
dition may  often  be  practically  distin- 
guished. Mr.  W.  finds  that  when  steel  is 
heated,  tho  carbon  in  it  rapidly  oxidizes, 
even  throughout  the  mass.  He  ex*plains 
"burnt "steel  to  bo  steel  in  which,  by 
suddenly  solidifying  it  when  in  a  viscous 
condition,  carbonic  oxide  evolved  by  the 
oxidation  of  carbon,  is  imprisoned.  By 
slower  cooling  this  carbonic  oxide  would 
have  been  expelled;  hence  the  cavities  or 
"  toad's  eyes  "  in  the  steel;  which  may  be 
removed  by  welding,  which  operation,  as 
above  stated,  restores  the  steel. 

"  Burnt  iron  "  and  "  burnt  steel,"  there- 
fore, both  owe  their  rottenness  to  inter- 
mingled particles  of  combustion-products; 
coming  in  the  latter  case,  from  the  carbon; 
and  in  the  former,  from  the  iron  itself. 


icientjfic  Progress. 


New  Instrument  for  Measuring  Speed 
at  Sea. — The  difficulties  hitherto  exper- 
ienced in  measuring  the  speed  of  ships,  by 
any  of  the  devices  thus  far  produced,  are 
said  to  be  overcome  by  an  ingenious  instru- 
ment called  the  rhysimeter,  lately  invented 
in  England.  The  indicator,  which  resem- 
bles a  barometer  ia  size  and  appearance,  is 
located  in  the  captain's  cabin,  a  column  of 
mercury  showing  constantly  by  its  varia- 
tions the  speed  which  the  vessel  is  making. 
Its  accuracy  is  said  to  be  perfect,  there  be- 
ing no  appreciable  interference  by  friction 
or  otherwise;  and  as  the  machine  is  self- 
registering,  it  may  bo  made  to  keep  a  com- 
plete record  of  the  speed  of  the  ship 
throughout  tho  voyage.  The  log  and  all 
substitutes  for  it  heretofore  employed  have 
been  found  unreliable,  espeoially  in  change- 
able weather,  or  under  a  heavy  sea  in  either 
direction. 

The  rhysimeter  is  also  designed  for  in- 
dicating the  velocity  of  flowing  liquids, 
which  is  in  fact  one  of  its  most  valuable 
uses,  as  it  will  greatly  assist  in  the  solu- 
tion of  many  problems  in  practical  hy- 
draulics.— Ex. 


Notching  Bails. — The  officers  of  several 
German  railways  have  again  reported  on 
the  necessity  of  notching  the  bottom  flanges 
of  rails,  and  it  is  stated  by  one  railway 
company  that  on  a  line  laid  with  cast  steel 
rails  without  notched  bases,  a  dangerous 
longitudinal  shifting  of  the  rails  occurred. 
Generally,  however,  tho  practice  is  not 
found  injurious,  though  it  is  thought 
preferable  to  have  it  done  at  the  ends  of 
the  rails  only,  the  corners  of  the  notch  to 
be  carefully  rounded  off  in  all  cases. 


Oxalio  Acid  and   Plants. 

The  frequent  reference  in  agricultural 
and  other  journals  to  oxalic  acid  as  a  con- 
stituent ol  plants  has  awakened  considera- 
ble inquiry  regarding  the  history  and  na- 
tureof  the  substance.  Tho  eminent  Swed- 
ish chemist,  Scheelc,  first  discovered  the 
acid,  having  found  it  iii  the  juice  of  the 
common  sorrel,  where  it  exists  as  a  binoxa- 
lato  of  potash.  It  is  generally  known  un- 
der the  namo  of  "salt  of  sorrel,  and  is  very 
sour  to  the  taste,  and  poisonous  when  taken 
internally. 

Tho  crystals,  in  form  and  color,  so  close- 
ly resemble  those  of  the  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia (Epsom  Salts)  that  they  have  often 
been  mistaken  for  them,  and  fatal  cases  of 
poisoning  have  resulted  from  the  error. 
Tho  name,  oxalic  acid,  is  derived  from  the 
Latin  name  of  the  common  wood  sorrel, 
Oaalis  acetosella.  'She  field  sorrel,  so  plen- 
ty and  so  troublesome  to  farmers,  belongs 
to  an  entirely  different  family  of  plants, 
the  Rumex  acatosella,  and  is  classified  among 
the  docks.  This  contains  considerable  of 
tho  acid,  as  also  do  the  lichens,  in  which  it 
exists  as  oxalate  of  lime. 

Oxalic  acid  is  the  most  highly  oxidized 
of  all  carbon  compounds,  with  the  one  ex- 
ception of  carbonic  acid.  It  belongs  low 
down  in  the  list  of  organized  products, 
and  may  well  be  regarded  as  constituting 
the  last  stage  in  the  oxidation  of  carbona- 
ceous substances  before  they  pass  into  the 
dead,  inorganic  condition  of  carbonic  acid. 
In  plants,  it  seems  to  be  more  the  product 
of  decay  than  of  growth.  In  lichens,  espe- 
cially, this  would  appear  to  be  true,  as  the 
oxalate  of  lime  found  in  them  forms  nearly 
thirty-five  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  the 
plant,  and  it  exists  in  them  in  its  most  in- 
soluble form. 

In  garden  rhubarb,  the  acid  is  found 
locked  up  with  limo,  and  it  is  a  significant 
fact  that  it  is  more  abundant  in  old,  than 
in  the  new  plants.  Wo  incline,  so  far  as 
its  connection  with  plants  is  concerned,  to 
class  it  with  lignin  and  some  other  bodies,- 
a  material  which  the  plant  has  no  further 
use  for,  and  therefore  deposits  in  the  cells 
in  an  insoluble  condition.  All  the  vege- 
table acids  are  inactive  agents  in  plant  or- 
ganisms. They  do  not  appear  to  perform 
any  leading  part  in  vegetation,  and  in  all 
their  physical  and  chemical  relations  are 
widely  different  from  the  active  soluble 
salts  and  other  bodies  which  are  found  dis- 
solved in  the  sap. 

Its  Artificial  Producton. 

Oxalic  acid  can  be  produced  artificially 
with  great  facility,  and  it  is  manufactured 
and  employed  in  thearts  in  large  amounts. 
It  is  curious  that  in  sawdust,  an  utterly  waste 
product,  we  have  a  material  from  which 
this  acid  can  be  produced  to  any  extent, 
and  nearly  all  of  the  substance  found  in 
the  market  is  now  made  from  sawdust. 
The  sawdust  is  placed  in  large  vats  and 
moistened  with  a  lye  made  of  caustic  soda 
and  potassa.  It  is  then  taken  out  and 
dried  on  plates  of  iron,  and  the  dry  mass 
is  washed"  with  warm  water  to  dissolve  out 
everything  except  the  sparingly  soluble 
oxalate  of  soda.  The  mother  liquors  are 
evaporated  to  dryness  and  ignited,  to  save 
the  potassa,  which  is  used  over  again. 
The  oxalate  of  soda  is  decomposed  by  boil- 
ing with  caustic  lime;  tho  soda  enters  into 
solution  and  may  also  be  used  over  again. 
The  oxalate  of  lime  in  turn  is  decomposed 
by  sulphuric  acid,  and  the  liquor  decanted 
from  the  insoluble  sulphate  of  lime,  which 
upon  concentration  yields  crystals  of  ox- 
alic acid. 

This  is  a  brief,  imperfect  description  of 
an  interesting  chemical  process,  and  serves 
to  illustrate  how  science  triumphs  over 
obstacles,  and  produces  substances  pecu- 
liar to  vegetables  from  waste  materials. 
The  cost  of  production  is  very  small,  not 
exceeding  a  few  cents  a  pound,  and  if 
the  acid  would  act  upon  feldspar,  and  lib- 
erate the  potash  it  contains,  as  some  sup- 
pose, its  employment  might  supply  a  cheap 
method  of  procuring  this  most  valuable 
plant  food.  But  this  idea  is  erroneous,  as 
we  have  endeavored  to  show  in  some  form- 
er statements. 

If  the  acid  is  at  any  time  swallowed  by 
mistake,  an  antidote  to  the  poison  is  found 
in  any  substance  containing  carbonate  of 
lime,  or  caustic  lime;  as  such,  when 
brought  into  its  presence,  convert  it  into 
insoluble  oxalate  of  lime,  a  substance 
which  is  harmless.  Chalk,  whiting,  or 
plaster  from  the  walls  of  a  room,  will  serve 
a  good  purpose,  and  either  one  of  these  in 
quantity  equal  to  the  amount  of  acid  taken, 
should  be  stirred  in  water  and  drank  as 
speedily  as  possible. — Journal  of  Chemistry. 


Another  Achievement  of  the  Spectro- 
scope. 

A  new  and  another  most  wondorful 
achievement  of  that  remarkable  instru- 
ment, the  spectroscope,  has  just  been  an- 
nounced by  a  German  astronomer — Dr. 
Vogel,  who  has  successfully  applied  this 
instrument  to  the  measurement  of  the 
sun's  rotation.  The  form  of  instrument 
used  by  him  was  that  known  as  a  rever- 
sion spectroscope.  As  originally  con- 
structed, it  consisted  of  two  direot  vision 
prisms,  with  their  refracting  angles  facing 
opposite  ways.  Hence  a  beam  of  light 
falling  upon  them  produces  two  spectra, 
ono  of  which  has  the  colors  above  the  other, 
and  in  an  inverse  order.  The  object-glass 
being  divided  horizontally,  and  each  half 
being  movable  mierometrically,  it  is  pos- 
sible not  only  to  juxtapose,  but  even  to 
superpose  the  spectra,  and  to  measure  the 
distances  of  tho  lines  with  great  accuracy. 

The  instrument  was  devised  for  the  pur- 
pose of  measuring  the  direction  and  velocity 
of  astronomical  motions.one  of  the  problems 
proposed  by  the  inventor  being  the  very 
one  now  solved  by  Dr.  Vogol.  If  the  two 
spectra  in  the  instrument  represent,  as 
thoy  may  bo  made  to  do,  different  and  op- 
posite limbs  of  the  sun,  then,  since  one  is 
approaching  us  and  the  other  is  reced- 
ing from  us,  there  ought  to  be  a  difference 
in  the  position  of  certain  spectrum  lines. 
The  difference  in  velocity  is  about  a  mile 
per  second;  an  amount  which  Zollner  says 
ought  to  change  the  position  of  the  sodium 
lines  by  a  quantity  equal  to  l-80th  of  tho 
distance  between  them. 

With  his  instrument  as  originally  con- 
structed, he  was  unable  to  observe  any  dis- 
placement; but  with  a  more  powerful  in- 
strument, consisting  of  a  circular  train  of 
five  highly  dispersive  prisms  thus  ar- 
ranged, which  he  furnished  at  Kiel,  Dr. 
Vogel  has  been  able  to  detect  a  displace- 
ment of  the  fine  line  F  of  the  solar  spec- 
trum, by  au  amount  which  gives  a  velocity 
of  rotation  of  2  miles  per  second.  Sub- 
sequent observations,  made  with  more 
care  and  with  a  higher  dispersive  power, 
have  reduced  this  number  to  1.52  miles  per 
second.  This  is  only  1.28  miles  more  than 
the  velocity  given  by  Carrington's  observa- 
tions on  the  spots,  which  was  1.24  miles 
per  second;  an  approximation  which  is  re- 
markable. 


Patina  op  Bronze.— Tho  term  "patina"  is 
used  to  designate  a  beautiful  greenish  coat- 
ing which  forms  naturally  upon  the  surface 
of  bronze,  under  the  influence  of  air  and 
moisture;  consisting  in  most  cases  of  a 
carbonate  of  copper  which  adheres  very 
closely,  and  not  only  imparts  as  beautiful 
appearance  to  the  metal,  but  also  protects 
it  from  further  oxidation.  The  formation 
of  this  patina  proceeds  with  varying  de- 
grees of  rapidity  in  different  localities.  In 
some  places,  especially  in  large  cities 
where  coal  is  burned  in  considerable- 
quantity,  it  does  not  develop  itself,  the 
metal  assuming  the  appearance  rather,  of  a 
dirty  cast  iron. 

Tho  difference  in  this  respect  has  re- 
ceived the  attention  of  a  scientific  body  in 
Prussia,  under  the  direction  of  which, 
numerous  experiments  have  been  made; 
and  it  has  been  ascertained  that  the  forma- 
tion of  a  good  patina  was  not  dependent 
upon  the  composition  of  the  bronze,  al- 
though the  time  required  for  this  develop- 
ment may  have  something  to  do  with  the 
percentage  of  the  different  ingredients.  It 
was  furthermore  discovered  that  by  occa- 
sionally washing  articles  of  bronze,  ex- 
posed to  tho  atmosphere,  applying  oil,  and 
afterwards  rubbing  off  with  a  soft  rag  all 
of  this  that  could  be  removed,  in  the 
oourse  of  a  few  years  a  patina  of  the  finest 
quality  is  developed  irrespective  of  the 
location;  and  in  this  way  the  desired  re- 
sult can  be,  and  actually  has  been  pro- 
duced on  objects  that  had  long  refused  to 
put  on  this  desired  exterior. —  Yale  Cour- 
ant. 


Substitute  for  Lithooraphio  Stone. — 
It  is  now  proposed,  but  with  doubtful 
promise,  to  substitute  ordinary  lithograph- 
ic stone  by  the  use  of  a  smooth  block  of 
wood  coated  with  glue  or  other  gelatinous 
matter,  or  with  a  solution  of  silicate  of 
soda  and  bichromate  of  potash,  exposed  to 
sunlight  and  washed.  An  ink  or  pigment 
is  made  with  gelatinous  matter  dissolved 
in  a  saturated  solution  of  bichromate  of 
potash,  with  or  without  chrome,  alum,  and 
with  a  small  quantity  of  ivory-black  to 
render  the  ink  visible.  On  the  prepared 
block  or  slab  the  desired  picture  or  other 
work  is  made  with  this  ink,  and  when  dry, 
exposed  to  sunlight.  After  exposure,  the 
surface  is  covered  with  gum  or  glycerine, 
and  is  then  ready  for  the  printer. — Ameri- 
can Artisan. 


68 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[February  3,  1872. 


INING  lUMMARY. 


The  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned.. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Imperial. — Monitor  Miner,  Jan.  20  :  The 
mining  property  lately  known  as  the  Im- 
perial, having  passed  into  the  hands  of  a 
different  Co.,  is  to  be  opened  up  and 
worked  in  a  worthy  manner. 

The  sale  of  the  IXL  and  Buckeye 
mines  is  to  be  followed  at  as  early  a  day  as 
possible  by  the  erection  of  hoisting  works 
and  a  thorough  opening  up  thereof. 

The  Tarshish  mine  is  turning  out  good 
ore  in  abundance  and  it  is  thought  the  new 
20  stamp  mill  can  be  kept  running  for  the 
first  year  or  so  on  fine  grade  ore. 

AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Original  Amador  Mine.  —  Amador 
Ledger,  Jan.  27  :  A  sale  has  been  made  of 
the  Original  Amador  mine  and  mill,  at 
Amador  City  to  an  English  Co.,  the  pur- 
chasers to  take  possession  this  week.  The 
price  paid  has  not  fully  transpired,  but  re- 
port places  the  sum  paid,  from  §500,000 
to  $1,300,000. 

CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

The  Zacetara. — Calaveras  Chronicle, 
Jan.  27  :  The  Zacetara  mine,  near  West 
Point,  work  upon  which  was  resumed  a 
short  time  since,  extremely  rich  rock  has 
been  discovered  and  is  being  taken  out. 
We  understand  the  quartz  averages  about 
$40.  There  is  a  mill  and  other  machinery 
on  the  mine. 

Good  Book. — The  Steger  mine,  in  the 
streets  of  West  Point,  is  turning  out  first 
class  rock.  The  machinery  formerly  used 
on  the  Badford  claims  in  Chili  Gulch, 
was  bought  by  Steger  &  Co.,  and  trans- 
ferred to  their  mine.  It  is  in  full  opera- 
tion, being  of  sufficient  capacity  to  keep 
out  the  water  and  do  the  hoisting. 

Corral  Flat. — Champion  &  Co.  have 
lowered  the  water  in  Corral  Flat  suffi- 
ciently to  enable  them  to  take  out 
gravel  from  the  upper  end.  They  are  en- 
gaged in  taking  out  a  pillar  of  new  ground 
and  there  is  no  question  but  that  it  will 
pay  largely. 

New  Mining  Enterprise.  —  Bichards, 
Griggs  and  Dower  are  about  opening  a 
hydraulic  on  the  northern  face  of  French 
hill.  The  Co.  are  already  at  work  fixing 
ditches,  etc.  Active  operations  will  be 
commemced  the  first  of  next  week. 

Jenny  Lind. — Cor.  same  :  I  will  give 
the  names  and  a  short  description  of  a  few 
of  the  principal  claims :  First  is  the 
Whisky  Hill  T.  M.  Co.,  who  have  com- 
pleted a  tunnel  800  ft.  in  length,  which 
was  run  to  obtain  the  necessary  fall  to 
work  their  ground  to  advantage,  and  to 
be  used  as  a  tail-race.  It  is  furnished  with 
boxes  2  ft.  wide,  and  everything  will  be 
ready  for  active  operations  in  another  week. 
The  cost  of  this  tunnel,  as  it  stands,  is 
$12,000..  The  owners  have  been  8  years 
engaged  in  its  construction,  but  expect 
that  a  run  of  six  months  will  pay  a  profit 
equal  to  the  outlay.  The  adjoining  claim, 
nearly  as  extensive,  is  owned  and  carried 
on  by  Myers,  Anderson  &  Co.  There  are 
about  12  or  14  of  this  kind  of  claims  here, 
all  of  which  will  be  held  by  government 
titles  in  a  short  time.  The  largest  and 
most  extensive  is  the  Bunker  Hill ;  they 
have  120  acres  of  land.  They  are  putting 
in  a  30-inch  flume  and  expect  to  use  400 
inches  of  water.  The  pipe,  which  conveys 
the  water  to  the  claim,  is  nearly  half  a 
mile  in  length  ;  the  flume  is  750  ft.  long, 
the  bottom  planed,  and  on  the  top  has  a 
track  and  car  for  running  out  large  rock. 
The  Co.  have  been  to  a  heavy  expense 
quarrying  rock  for  the  purpose  of  lining 
the  bottom  of  their  flume. 

Still  "  Pans  Out." — The  claim  of 
Brackett  &  Co.,  in  Chili  Gulch,  continues 
to  pay  largely.  The  yield  last  week  was 
equally  as  great,  in  proportion  to  the 
number  of  hands  employed,  as  ever  be- 
fore for  the  same  length  of  time. 

EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Heavy  Blast. — Plaeerville  Democrat, 
Jan.  27  :  A  blast  of  1,500  lbs.  of  powder 
was  put  off  in  the  Hook  and  Ladder  claim, 
Spanish  Hill,  last  week.  It  was  a  perfect 
success,  completely  shattering  the  bank. 
Logtown. — Cor.  same  :  The  Pocahontas 
is  in  active  motion.  For  16  months  in 
succession  under  the  past  administration, 
the  flow  of  bullion  was  steady  and  contin- 
uous, but  the  levels  above  being  worked 
out,  it  became  necessary  to  sink  a  new 
shaft  nearly  400  ft.  in  depth,  and  drift 
therefrom  in  each  direction — northerly  and 
southerly — some  200  ft.  A  new  hoisting 
works,  containing  the  largest  boiler  in  the 


county,  2  engines,  hoisting  and  pumping 
machinery,  were  added  to  the  real  property 
of  the  Co.  Now  the  mine  is  open,  ore  in 
sight  will  keep  the  mill  runninganother  16 
months  or  more-,  and  the  mill  hammers 
away  day  and  night. 

Ella  Quartz  Mine. — A  late  number  of 
the  Sac.  Union  gives  the  following :  In 
Nov.  last,  J.  J.  Orr,  discovered  the  rich 
croppings  of  the  ledge;  he  related  his  dis- 
covery to  G.  W.  Paget,  and  the  two,  after 
visiting  the  spot,  determined  to  organize 
a  Co.  to  develop  the  claim.  The  claim  is 
on  a  point  of  land  tending  to  the  North 
Fork  of  the  American  river.  The  ledge  is 
3,000  ft.  long  and  6  ft.  wide,  with  a  shaft 
sunk  to  the  depth  of  30  ft.  Quartz  from 
this  claim  exhibits  no  gold  to  the  naked 
eye,  but  it  will  yield  $50  to  the  ton. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — Inyo  Independent,  Jan.  20: 
Beaudry  has  about  3,000  bars  of  bullion  at 
his  furnace,  awaiting  shipment.  Bel- 
shaw's,  Beaudry's  and  the  Swansea  works 
are  all  in  active  operation,  turning  out 
metal  by  the  cord. 

Prospecting. — J.  Sharpe,  who  has  re- 
turned from  the  Inyo  Bange,  was  on  the 
summit  some  6  or  8  weeks.  During  the 
time  he  sunk  6  ft.  upon  one  of  his  discov- 
eries which  he  calls  the  Blue  Belle,  taking 
out  2  tons  of  not  less  than  $200  ore  in 
the  operation.  The  ledge  is  of  unknown 
width,  having  every  indication  of  wealth 
and  permanency. 
NEVADA    COUNTY. 

Eureka. — Grass  Valley  Republican,  Jan. 
25:  Work  on  the  tunnel  of  the  '  Jim  mine 
is  steadily  progressing.  The  tunnel  is  in 
between  600  and  700  ft.,  and  follows  near 
the  ledge  for  a  portion  of  the  distance. 
The  ground  is  soft,  and  2  men  average  14 
ft.  per  week.  The  Co.  intend  to  push  the 
tunnel  ahead  to  the  main  shaft,  which  is 
300  ft.  from  where  they  are  working. 
When  the  shaft  is  reached  the  entire  mine 
will  be  drained  and  opened  and  ready  for 
the  extraction  of  ore. /Black  &  Young's 
mine  is  being  worked  with  profit.  The 
ledge  is  6  ft.  wide,  and  averages  from  $10 
to  $12  a  ton/\The  Erie  Co.  are  running 
night  and  day  and  employ  24  men  in  their 
mill  and  mine.  The  ledge  is  15  ft.  wide, 
and  the  ore  averages  from  $10  to  $14  a 
ton./  A  Co.  of  miners  from  Virginia  City 
are  running  a  tunnel  near  Eureka  for  the 
Dillon  ledge.  They  have  been  at  work  for 
nearly  2  years,  and  have  their  tunnel  in 
about  1,500  ft. 

A  Good  Yield. — Last  week  theMurchie 
Bros,  crushed  60  tons  of  rock  from  the 
Independent  mine,  2  miles  above  Nevada 
City,  near  Deer  Creek,  and  realized  $3,600, 
or  at  the  rate  of  $60  a  ton.  The  rock  is 
taken  from  an  incline  200  ft.  from  the  sur- 
face. 

Will  Start. — Black  &  Young's  mill  and 
at  Eureka  has  been  idle  for  some  time  on 
account  of  lack  of  wood.  This  want  has 
recently  been  supplied  and  work  will  be 
commenced  again  this  week. 

Discovery. — In  the  incline  shaft  of  the 
Nevada  quartz  mine,  2  miles  below  Ne- 
vada City,  a  solid  body  of  ore  10  ft.  wide 
has  been  discovered  within  a  few  days. 
The  ore  it  is  said  will  average  $17  a  ton, 
and  is  50  ft.  below  the  bed  of  Deer  creek. 

Through  Granite  to  Slate. — The  in- 
cline shaft  on  the  Nevada  quartz  mine,  on 
Deer  Creek  has  struck  through  the  gran- 
ite rock  into  slate,  and  the  ledge  at  the 
bottom  is  incased  in  the  walls  of  the  latter. 

Daisy  Hill. — The  machinery  for  pump- 
ing at  the  Daisy  Hill  mine  started  up  yes- 
terday for  the  first  time.  The  machinery 
used  was  taken  from  the  Dromedary  mine, 
and  is  nearly  as  good  as  new.  The  engine 
for  pumping  has  10-inch  stroke  and  the 
hoisting  engine  8-inch.  The  pump  com- 
menced work  yesterday  and  will  probably 
free  the  mine  from  water  by  Monday 
next,  The  water  in  the  incline  shaft  yes- 
terday was  50  ft.  deep.  The  present  in- 
cline is  down  175  ft;  175  loads  of  ore 
from  the  mine  has  yielded  $65  per  load. 

Bed  Diamond. — Nevada  Transcript,  Jan. 
23:  At  the  Cascades  there  is  considerable 
mining  going  on.  The  Bed  Diamond  is 
worked  with  a  full  complement  of  hands 
and  they  have  plenty  of  water. 

Providence  Mine. — The  Providence 
mine,  upon  which  work  was  commenced  a 
short  time  since  is  being  worked  regularly. 
The  new  incline  is  down  about  90  ft.  The 
works  are  being  put  in  first  rate  order,  and 
the  mine  will  be  opened  by  Spring. 

PLACER  COUNTY. 

Bich  Strike. — Auburn  Herald,  Jan.  23: 
Bumors  have  reached  town  that  a  very 
rich  quartz  lead  has  been  opened  this 
week  between  here  and  the  Green  mine, 
and  that  one  man  has  taken  out  some  $1,- 
500  in  3  days. 

Ophir. — Cor.  same:  Greene  &  Co.,  have 
erected  a  double  engine  in  the  Greene 
mine,  one   for  hoisting  from   the   shaft, 


and  the  other  for  pumping  purposes 
Some  time  ago  the  Co.  let  a  con- 
tract to  sink  the  shaft  100  ft.  deeper.  The 
cont  i  actors  are  getting  along  very  well, 
and  will  complete  their  contract  by  early 
spring.  The  ledge  in  the  shaft  is  of  good 
size,  looks  well  and  will  yield  rich  ore. 

Along  the  Greene  ledge,  the  next  mine  in 
operation  is  the  original  Peter  Walter. 
This  Co.  has  erected  steam  hoisting  works 
and  have  a  25  horse-power  engine.  The 
levels  that  are  being  run  are  at  the  depth 
of  116  ft.  from  the  surface,  and  they  find 
no  variation  in  the  quality  or  quantity  of 
the  rock,  it  continuing  to  look  well,  the 
quartz  showing  free  gold  and  plenty  of 
rich  sulphurets.  The  ledge  is  a  good  size, 
and  in  a  short  time  the-  mine  will  be 
opened  thoroughly.  The  Co.  contemplate 
erecting  a  ten-stamp  mill  as  soon  as  the 
weather  will  permit. 

North  of  the  Peter  Walter  some  300 
yards  is  the  Bellevue,  originally  the  Buck- 
eye. This  Co.  have  at  their  dump  pile 
near  500  tons  of  ore  that  is  No.  1.  They 
intend  to  crush  this  ore  at  the  St.  Patrick 
mill,  and  will  begin  about  the  20th  of 
this  month.  The  Bellevue  Co.  are  still 
raising  rock  to  the  surface. 

The  St.  Patrick  mill  contains  15  stamps, 
and  with  all  the  improvements,  sufficient 
to  save  the  gold  and  sulphurets,  and  ade- 
quate pans  to  work  the  blanket  washings 
and  sulphurets.  This  mill  is  run  by  steam, 
and  in  connection  with  it  the  Co.  have  a 
ledge  called  the  Peachy  that  they  are  pros- 
pecting with  a  tunnel  and  shaft.  The  tun- 
nel will  cut  the  ledge  about  130  ft.  from 
the  surface.  The  shaft  is  down  to  the 
depth  of  75  f t. ,  and  they  are  running  a 
level  at  this  depth  and  finding  a  good  sized 
ledge  and  good  ore,  showing  as 
good  a  prospect  as  you  will  find 
in  this  dist.  The  St.  Patrick  mine  is 
still  in  operation;  they  are  running  a  bot- 
tom level  with  a  good  prospect.  They  are 
crushing  ore  from  this  mine  at  their  mill, 
and  judging  from  appearances,  it  is  pay- 
ing very  well.  They  have  a  large  pile  of 
ore  at  this  mine  which  they  will  finish 
crushing  as  soon  as  they  get  through  with 
the  Bellevue  rock. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Bich.— Quincy  National,  Jan.  20:  A 
few  days  ago  the  drift  in  the  Betterton 
mine,  near  Mohawk  Valley,  developed 
a  cross  vein,  the  rock,  at  the  point  of  in- 
tersection being  extremely  rich. 

SOLANO  COUNTY. 

Vacaville  Coal  Mine.— Vallejo  Inde- 
pendent, "Jan.  23:  Since  the  late  heavy 
rains,  work  has  been  suspended  on  account 
of  the  impossibility  of  keeping  the  works 
clear  of  water.  Dr.  Dobbins,  on  whose 
land  the  mine  is  located,  is  very  sanguine 
of  obtaining  a  good  quality  of  coal  before 
a  great  while.  A  depth  of  160  ft.  has  been 
reached,  the  prospects  improving  as  they 
went  down. 

Quicksilver.  —  The  quicksilver,  mine 
near  this  city  is  in  full  operation,  the 
smelting  furnaces  working  to  perfect  sat- 
isfaction. The  yield  of  quicksilver  from 
the  cinnabar  worked  is  fully  as  large  as 
anticipated. 

TRINITY   COUNTY. 

A  Good  Beginning. — Weaverville  Jour- 
nal, Jan.  10:  Southerlin,  Hupp  &  Mc- 
Murry  have  already  stripped  12,000  ft.  of 
bed-rock  with  one  month's  run  of  water. 
They  will  strip  not  less  than  60,000  square 
ft.  of  bed-rock,  and  they  know  the  ground 
to  be  good. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

McGearry. — Eureka  Sentinel,  July  21: 
All  of  the  mines  show  exceedingly  well  for 
the  amount  of  work  done  upon  them. 

Prospecting. — The  surrounding  moun- 
tains are  full  of  prospectors. 

Pinto  Mill. — The  English  Co.'s  mill  at 
Pinto  is  running  splendidly  and  proves  a 
most  perfect  success. 

Big  Bun. — The  Consolidated  furnaces 
turned  out  19K  tons  of  bullion  in  24  hours 
on  last  Saturday,  which  is  considered  the 
largest  run  ever  made  by  those  works.  All 
of  the  furnaces  are  working  to  a  charm, 
and  the  dumps  at  the  mines  are  crowded 
with  ore.  The  mines  never  looked  so  well. 
The  new  furnace,  making  5  in  all,  is  about 
completed,  and  will  be  ready  for  operation 
during  the  present  week. 

Gen.  Lee  Cons. — Since  the  change  in 
management  12  men  have  been  constantly 
employed  in  the  various  workings  of  the 
mine  and  the  developments  made  are  be- 
yond all  expectation.  In  the  bottom  of 
the  old  tunnel  a  shaft  has  been  started 
which  is  now  down  about  10  ft.,  establish- 
ing the  continuity  of  ore  from  the  surface 
to  that  depth,  disclosing  a  well  defined  and 
remarkably  rich  vein  of  ore  4  feet  in 
width. 

Maryland  Mine. — The  Maryland  mine 


is  looking  better  than  ever  before.  At  a 
depth  of  280  ft,  from  the  surface  the  larg- 
est body  of  ore  yet  found  in  the  mine  is 
being  worked.  The  assays  show  $305  aver- 
age, and  the  vein  is  from  3  to  9  ft.  in 
width.  A  tunnel  is  being  run  from  the 
base  of  the  hill,  and  is  within  a  short  dis- 
tance of  the  main  shaft,  which  will  be 
tapped  at  a  depth  of  300  ft.  The.  Michigan 
and  other  mines  of  the  Co.,  are  looking 
well. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Pioche  Record,  Jan.  21:  W. 
F.  &  Co.  shipped  since  January  18  bullion 
valued  at  $19,107.41. 

Baymond  &  Ely. — This  mill  is  in  course 
of  construction  and  will  be  finished  by  the 
1st.  of  April. 

Baymond  &  Ely  Mill  No  2. — All  the 
machinery  for  this  mill  is  on  the  ground. 
The  work  is  being  rushed  ahead  with  all 
possible  speed,  and  in  30  days  it  will  be 
working  ore  from  the  mine. 

Fine  Prospect. — Williams,  Bell  &  Mil- 
ler have  opened  a  mine  entitled  the  "Ti- 
ger." It  is  supposed  they  are  on  the  "posi- 
tive" vein  of  the  Alps,  and  from  indications 
such  would  appear  to  be  the  case. 

Alps  is  steadily  improving ....  Newton 

Booth  still  drifting  on  the  ledge The 

ore  of  the  Page  and  Panaca,  assays  $313.75 
at  the  155  ft.  level. 

Struck  it  in  No.  7  — Since  our  last  issue 
Mr.  Bowie,  Supt.  of  Meadow  Valley,  con- 
cluded to  work  the  mine  for  the  benefit  of 
the  stockholders,  instead  of  for  the  bears. 
The  result  is  a  large  deposit  of  high  grade 
free  milling  ore  has  been  struck  on  the  600- 
ft.  level  of  No.  7. 

Ingomar  S.  M.  Co.— At  the  depth  of  185 
ft.  the  Co.  struck  a  fine  body  of  ore  which 
gives  an  average  assay  of  $175.45  to  the 
ton  in  silver.  A  new  contract  was  at  once 
let  to  continue  the  incline  100  ft  deeper  on 
the  ledge. 

Bowery  Mill.— The    grading    for   the 
mill   site   is  done.     Part  of  the  machinery 
has  arrived. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion.- — TJnionville  Silver  State,  Jan. 
27:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona  mine 
since  our  last  issue  was  $4,447. 

Arizona  Cons. — This  mine  is  looking 
better  than  it  ever  did.  The  south  incline 
is  down  150  ft.  and  the  ledge  still  maintains 
its  regular  size  and  richness.  In  all  the 
other  drifts  to  the  east,  the  ledge  is  look- 
ing unusually  well  and  is  yielding  a  larger 
amount  of  shipping  ore  in  proportion  to 
the  quantity  mined,  than  heretofore.  The 
ore  shipped  yields  at  the  rate  of  about  $500 
per  ton. 

Brazil  Series — Arabia  Dist.  —  The 
Brazil  Series  consists  of  5  ledges,  not  far 
from  the  Montezuma  mine,  being  in  a 
northerly'direction  therefrom, distant  about 
a  half  mile.  A  shaft  has  been  sunk  on  the 
principal  ledge  of  the  series  to  a  depth  of 
25  ft.  exposing  a  well  defined  vein  about  4 
ft.  thick  all  the  way  down.  The  ore  taken 
from  this  shaft  assays  from  $100  to  $300 
per  ton — the  entire  body  between  the  walls 
being  pay  ore.  This  ledge  can  be  traced 
on  the  surface  of  the  ground  a  distance  of 
1,500  ft. 

Dun  Glen.  —Cor.  same:  Mines  long  neg- 
lected are  now  being  looked  to  with  inter- 
est by  their  owners,  since  the  erection  of 
Sprague  &  Co's.  new  mill.  The  mill  is  a 
dry  crusher,  without  stamps.  It  is  about 
one  mile  above  town,  in  Dun  Glen  Canon, 
and  near  the  Auld  Lang  Syne  mine,  which 
belongs  to  the  Mill  Co.,  and  is  one  of  the 
best  in  the  district.  The  Co.  has  out  at 
present  about  100  tons  of  ore  which  they 
think  will  pay  $100  per  ton.  The  Auburn 
mine,  a  gold-bearing  ledge,  is  looking  well, 
and  work  is  being  vigorously  prosecuted 
on  it.  Some  50  tons  of  ore  from  this  mine 
have  been  worked  by  Sprague  &  Co. ,  the 
result  of  which  was  $200  per  ton  of  gold. 
The  Tallulah  tunnel  is  being  vigorously 
pushed.  The  tunnel  is  being  run  for  the 
purpose  of  striking  the  lodes,  of  which 
there  is  a  series,  at  a  perpendicular  depth 
of  300  ft.  below  the  upper  level,  and  500 
ft.  from  the  surface.  It  is  the  intention 
of  the  Co.  to  connect  the  upper  and  lower 
works,  by  raising  a  shaft  on  the  lode,  thus 
ventilating  the  mine,  and  making  room 
for  working  plenty  of  men.  This  has 
proven  itself  to  be  a  good  mine.  The  ore 
is  of  a  high  grade;  the  last  shipment  of 
ore,  from  the  upper  level,  of  13  tons,  was 
sent  to  the  Swansea,  working  something 
over  $500  per  ton,  the  tunnel  is  in  over 
700  ft.,  and  still  driving.  The  George 
Peabody  mine,  a  new  location  is  yielding 
large  quantities  of  good  ore.  They  have 
shipped  some  20  tons  to  Beno,  which 
yielded  about  $600  per  ton.  They  have  a 
large  quantity  on  the  dump,  ready  for 
shipment. 

McCann  has  struck  it  rich  about  5  miles 
from  town.  He  intends  putting  up  a  horse 
whim,  aud  putting  on  a  number  of  hands. 


February  3,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


69 


HEESERIVER. 

SniPsiE.NT  roil  1871. — Reese  Rivor  He- 
veille,  Jan.  22:  The  entire  shipment  of  bul- 
lion from  this  city  during  1871,  is  1,453 
bars  121,404  pounds,  valued  at  $1,222,- 
489.81. 

Stbuck  It. — Noal  &  Flynn  who  are  work- 
ing one  of  the  Florida  series  of  ledges, 
Btruck  some  very  good  ore  yesterday.  They 
have  drifted  from  their  incline  a  distance 
of  1IJU  ft.  to  get  whnt  appears  to  be  a  fine 
and  extensive  body  of  ore. 

WASHOE. 

Savac;k  IfiHB. — Virginia  Enterprise,  Jan. 
il:  The  Dew  main  incline  of  the  Savage  is 
180  ft.  below  the  tenth  level,  40  ft.  above 
which  it  starts.  The  incline  is  run  upon 
an  angle  of  about  34°  and  has,  therefore, 
attuincd  a  perpendicular  depth  of  about  100 
ft.  At  this  point  thoy  are  engaged  in  put- 
ting in  the  station  timbers  for  the  eleventh 
level,  which  will  bo  1,400  ft.  in  dopth  be- 
low the  surface.  While  the  drift  on 
the  eleventh  is  being  run,  work  will  'be 
continued  on  the  incline  till  it  has  reached 
the  further  perpendicular  dopth  of  100  ft. 

Pabke  &  Bowie's  mill,  on  Six-mile 
Canon,  is  steadily  running  on  tailings,  of 
which  they  have  an  almost  inexhaustible 
supply. 

I  j  kcka  Mill. — Rapid  progress  is  being 
made  in  tho  work  of  setting  up  the  big 
Eureka  mill  on  Carson  River. 

Unlaikiino. — The  Crown  Point  shaft  is 
being  enlarged  by  tho  addition  of  another 
hoisting  compartment;  this  gives  the  shaft 
threo  compartments. 

Good  progress  is  being  made  in  putting 
in  the  two  new  engines.  When  thoy  start 
up  again  they  expect  to  take  out  from  000 
to  700  tons  of  oro  per  day . 
Oi'Hiit  Mine. — Sinking  upon  the  main 
shaft  was  discontinued  at  the  depth  of 
1,250  ft.  Drifting  at  the  1,100  ft.  level  is 
being  vigorously  proseouted.  The  rock, 
which  was  so  hard  at  first  that  but  about 
3  ft.  per  day  could  be  made,  is  of  a  more 
favorable  character,  ami  the  drift  is  being 
pushed  ahead  at  the  rate  of  4  ft.  each  day. 
Some  work  is  being  done  on  the  700-ft. 
level. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Ward  Beecheh. — White  Pine  News,  Jan. 
20th:  Sinking  and  drifting  in  the  East  end 
of  the  Phillpotts  chamber,  for  the  purpose 
of  connecting  with  the  East  drift  of  the 
Lady's  chamber. 

Sooth  Aukoha. — Since  last  report,  F.  A. 
Benjamin  has  resigned  the  position  of 
Supt.  of  the  South  Aurora  Co.'s  mines,  and 
M.  J.  Goodfellow  has  been  appointed  in 
his  stead.  The  Sheridan  and  Mitchell 
shafts  connected  with  the  lower  tunnel  last 
week.  A  drift  was  started  from  the  bottom 
of  the  Sheridan  shaft,  running  west  to  the 
spar  seam.  The  foreman  is  of  the  opinion 
that  all  the  shafts  will  be  connected  in  two 
weeks  from  date. 

San  Joan  del  Rio. — There  is  a  force  of 
5  men  at  work  sinking.  The  ore  pitches 
off  at  an  angle  of  45  degrees,  and  has  the 
appearance  of  forming  into  a  true  fissure 
vein.  Average  assays  of  the  first-class  ore 
go  S250  to  the  ton.  There  are  about  70  tons 
on  the  dump,  which  assays  $60  and  §70  to 
the  ton. 

Nokth  Aurora. — Since  last  report  the 
force  of  men  in  the  Risdale  has  been  in- 
creased. There  is  a  fine  body  of  high- 
grade  ore  in  sight  in  the  south  end  of  the 
chamber.  The  south  drift  of  the  Lady's 
chamber  i3  showing  about  as  usual. 
Bunches  of  high-grade  ore  come  in,  which 
is  sacked  below  and  shipped  separately  to 
mill.  Hoisting  as  usual  through  the  En- 
gine shaft  and  shipping  by  tramway  to 
mill. 

Second  Ex.  of  Original  Hidden  Treas- 
ure.— A  drift  was  started  up  recently,  run- 
ning in  a  southerly  direction  from  the  bot- 
tom of  the  Anchor  tunnel  incline.  There 
is  a  body  of  fair  ore  in  sight.  The  drift 
running  east  from  the  north  shaft  is  in  a 
distance  of  19  ft.,  with  ledge  matter  and 
black  spar  in  the  face. 

Gen.  Lee. — A  drift  will  start  up  about 
the  25th  of  the  month,  to  run  from  the  ore 
chamber  eastward,  and  following  the  spar 
seam,  carrying  ore  each  side.  There  are 
about  200  tons  of  low-grade  ore  on  the 
dumps,  which  will  be  milled  in  the  spring. 

Original  Hidden  Treasure. — A  force 
of  men  will  be  put  on  when  the  ore  broken 
down  is  cleared  away.  The  Big  Smoky 
mill  is  running  on  Co.  ore  as  usual. 

Eberhakdt. — Mention  was  made  last 
week  of  the  West  drift  running  from  the 
Keystone  shaft.  A  body  of  low-grade  ore 
is  in  sight  in  the  drift.  The  work  of  run- 
ning ahead  was  stopped  last  week,  and  a 
shaft  started  down,  for  the  purpose  of  test- 
ing the  depth  of  the  ore  body. 

Silver  Wave. — Work  in  the  Chenoweth, 
Lyford,  and  Perkins  shafts  goes  ahead  as 
usual.  The  Roswell  shaft,  near  the  south 
line  of  the  Original  Hidden  Treasure,  is 


down  to  ore.    There  is  also  fair  ore  in  the 
bottom  of  No.  4  shaft. 

Pocotillo. — Driving  the  main  tunnel 
ahead,  in  a  body  of  fine  ore,  and  piling  on 
dumps,  which  will  be  assorted  and  shipped 
to  mill  in  ihe  spring. 

Icebf.ro. — Work  was  suspended  lost 
week,  but  tho  usual  force  of  men  will  be 
put  on  after  hearing  from  headquarters. 

Noonday. — The  ore  body  holds  a  width 
of  about  10  ft.,  and  assays  about  as  usual. 

Outside  Dists. — Piermont. — Work  pro- 
gresses as  usual  on  the  mine.  The  mill  is 
running  steadily  on  Co.  ore. 

Troy  Dist.— Mr.  Mewton,  the  manager 
of  the  Troy  S.  M.  Co.'s  property,  reports 
work  going  ahead  as  usual.  The  hoisting 
works  on  the  mine  will  soon  be  completed. 

I'lUEiiKiu;. — Judge  Goodwin  is  making 
extensive  preparations  to  work  tho  mines. 
Furnaces  are  in  course  of  erection  in  the 
vicinity. 

SiHELi.  Creek.— Col.  O'Connor's  agent 
arrived  atSchellburn  last  week,  and  arrange- 
ments have  been  made  to  commence  opera- 
tions on  the  mines;  and  also  for  the  build- 
ing of  mills,  at  an  early  day.  Now  shafts 
and  cuts  have  been  started  up  on  locations 
heretofore  unprospected. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining.— Prescott  Miner, 
Jan.  13:  Porter  and  Moreland  arrived  from 
the  Gila  mines  on  Tuesday.  The  most  val- 
uable ledges  which  had  been  discovered 
up  to  the  time  of  their  departure,  were  the 
Silver  Queen,  in  the  Pioneer  Dist.;  the 
Cur,  in  Nevada  dist.,  and  the  Yellow 
Jacket,  just  outside  the  latter  dist.  and 
olose  to  the  waters  of  the  Gila.  The  Sil- 
ver Queen  is  18  ft.  in  thickness,  and  trace- 
able for  several  miles.  The  ore  containing 
only  a  mere  trace  of  lead,  with  a  very 
large  proportion  of  copper.  The  Cur  is 
likewise  18  ft.  in  thickness;  a  fissure  vein 
which  crops  out  boldly  for  a  considerable 
distanoe.  The  ore  is  of  different  character 
from  that  of  the  Silver  Queen  and  not 
nearly  so  rich.  The  Yellow  Jacket  is  a 
new  discovery  and  had  not  been  prospected. 

The  operations  in  Walker  and  Hassay 
ampa  Dist.  have  been  unusually  active. 
The  work  of  taking  out  ore  from  the  Ben- 
jamin, for  shipment  to  S.  F.,  is  progress- 
ing apace.  Mr.  Kelly  gives  it  as  his  opin- 
ion that  the  7  tons  which  are  to  be  sent  to 
S.  F.  as  one  of  the  conditions  of  the  sale, 
will  yield  the  purchase  money,  815,000. 
The  Cornucopia,  Prescott  and  Bismarck, 
on  the  dividing  ridge  between  Hassayam- 
pa  and  Walker  Dists.,  and  only  afewmiles 
from  the  Benjamin,  will  be  offered  for 
sale  in  S.  F.,  next  month. 

In  Wallapai  Dist.,  the  Keystone  ledge, 
the  principal  one  yet  discovered,  is  consid- 
ered to  be  a  true  fissure  vein.  Excava- 
tions have  been  made  on  it  to  the  depth  of 
45  ft.  in  which  it  continues  to  carry  a  uni- 
form .width  of  from  4  to  6  ft.,  the  ore 
worked  having  yielded  from  $700  to  $800 
per  ton,  in  silver.  The  ledge  has  been 
traced  and  located  for  a  mile. 

The  Tiger  mine  is  improving  rapidly. 
Col.  Head  and  G.  W.  Bowers,  this  week, 
brought  over  with  them,  specimens  of  ore 
showing  about  as  much  silver  as  ore. 

Jackson  &  Co.,  are  still  running  their 
mill. 

Poland  and  Gavin  are  fixing  up  for  aras- 
traing  ore  on  upper  Lynx  creek. 

The  Vulture  Co.  are  doing  well. 

Mohave  Co. — Cor.  same:  The  following 
mines  in  this  locality  are  being  worked 
vigorously:  The  Telegraph,  Keystone, 
Fairfield  and  Mayflower.  The  Washing- 
ton will  be  worked  from  this  on,  work 
having  been  commenced  to-day. 

Mining  and  prospecting  are  being  pur- 
sued quite  lively  on  all  sides.  There  are 
more  than  fifty  ledges  being  worked  in 
this  dist. 

Three  assays  of  rock  from  the  Fairfield 
went  from  $200  to  $400  to  the  ton. 

The  5-stamp  mill  here  ha#not  been  run- 
ning recently.  The  cause,  is  a  want  of 
chemicals. 

At  Parkerville,  an  effort  will  be  made  to 
work  arastras.  Several  discoveries  of  rich 
galena  ore  have  been  made  here.  The 
Keystone  has  2  shafts,  one  40  ft.  and  the 
other  50  ft. 

Colorado. 

Caribou. — Caribou  Post,  Jan.  13:  Parker 
&  Bailey  have  taken  author  contract  on 
Wabash,  to  sink  13  ft.  which  will  make  the 
whole  depth  60  ft.  This  shows  constant 
improvement  as  depth  is  gained. 

The  grand  view  is  opening  out  splendid- 
ly, now  sunk  to  the  depth  of  45  ft.  and 
with  every  foot  in  depth  giving  evidence 
of  the  exhaustless  treasures  of  a  true  fis- 
sure vein  of  silver.  The  owners  of  the 
Jones  lode,  west  from  the  Caribou,  have 
built  a  house  over  the  main  shaft,  and  are 
prepared,  to  prosecute  work  in  any  weath- 


Gardiner  &  Bercer  have  sold  the  Grey 
Eagle  lode  to  a  Denver  party  for  85,n00. 

Hupper  A-  Moore  are  working  the  Seven- 
Thirty. 

C.  II.  Hook,  has  bought  into  the  Sag- 
inaw lode,  a  very  promising  silver  vein  on 
Pomeroy  Mt. 

Patterson  &  Co.,  owners  of  theKoarsing 
furnaco  purpose  to  commence  smelting 
early  in  the  Spring. 

In  Cardinal  tho  Trojan  is  worked,  and 
tho  surface  and  socond-class  ore  is  yield- 
ing handsomely  in  tho  12  stamper  sot  to 
the  water-power  of  tho  Boulder  creek. 

Enterprise  Lode.  —  The  Enterprise 
Lode,  an  eastern  extension  of  the  Gilpin 
Co.,  is  improving  rapidly,  as  the  work  of 
development  progresses.  Tho  shaft  has 
reached  the  dopth  of  100  ft.,  disclosing  a 
crevice  of  pay  material  from  20  inches  to 
2  ft.  in  width,  On  the  north  wall  there  is 
a  vein  of  mineral  2  or  3  inches  in  width, 
principally  zinc-blende  galena,  with  occa- 
sional spots  of  brittle  silver. 

The  gangue  rock,  principally  white 
quartz,  feld  spar  and  a  proportion  of  tal- 
cose  matter,  is  considered  a  very  good  in- 
dication of  lodes  opening  out  into  fine 
crevices  of  ore  in  this  locality. 

Ward. — The  following  mines  are  being 
worked  this  winter:  The  Columbian,  on  2 
locations,  one  being  the  Ward  M.  Co'b. 
property,  No.  10,  east;  the  Manhattan  and 
Celestial  lodes,  and  the  Discovery  claim  on 
the  Sucker.  The  Ward  Go's.  20-stamp- 
millwill  be  kept  running  most  of  the  time. 

Montana. 

New  Silver  Ledge. — Deer  Lodge  New 
North  West,  Jan.  13:  Mr.  C.  Bennett  re- 
turned a  few  days  since  from  the  famous 
Jefferson  silver  mines,  20  miles  from  Hel- 
ena, where  he  has  been  prospecting  for  the 
past  2  months.  Mr.  B.  and  his  partner 
have  succeeded  in  discovering  what  bids 
fair  to  be  one  of  the  richest  and  most  ex- 
tensive veins  found  in  this  country  for 
some  time  past.  They  have  sunk  on  it 
about  12  ft  ,  and  at  that  dopth  have  a  body 
of  almost  solid  galena  some 21  ft.  in  width, 
which  assays  from  $45  to  $100  per  ton  in 
silver,  and  increases  in  richness  with  the 
depth. 

Phillipsburg.  —  The  Tudor  mine  is 
looking  well,  shows  an  8  ft.  vein 
of  milling  ore  and  is  improving  in 
quality.  They  have  a  30  ft.  incline 
and  are  taking  out  ore  rapidly  night  and 
day.  A  shaft  will  be  driven  down  on  the 
ledge  in  the  open  cut  or  level  now  being 
worked  immediately,  in  order  to  open  it 
thoroughly  and  make  room  for  another 
gang  of  miners.  Brown  &  Plaisted 
purpose  sinking  another  working  shaft 
immediately  on  No.  1,  northeast,  to  open 
a  100  ft.  level  on  the  vein.  Upon  the 
' '  Comanche  Ex. "  they  have  passed  through 
about  7  ft.  of  barren  rock  and  struck  it 
better  than  ever.  An  incline  will  be  driven 
down  from  the  tunnel — now  about  75  ft. 
deep — on  the  vein.  There  is  about  20  ft. 
face   on    the  vein. 

Utah. 

Bullion. — Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Jan.  20: 
W.  F.  &  Co.  received  on  the  18th.  17  bars 
of  bullion,  2,626  lbs.  valued  at  $50,726.54 
from  the  Raymond  &  Ely  mine;  consigned 
to  New  York.  On  the  20th  they  received 
7  bars,  772  lbs.  valued  at  $9,009.81,  from 
the  Meadow  Valley  Co.  also  consigned  to 
New  York.  They  forwarded  to  New  York 
on  the  16th,  6  bars,  worth  $7,456.69  from 
the  Meadow  Valley  works,  and  from  the 
Pioehe  M.  Co.  6  bars  valued  at  $9,253.16. 

Camp  Floyd. — The  Camp  Floyd  M. 
Co.  have  3  mines  in  the  above-named  dist. 
the  Sparrow  Hawk,  Marion  and  Last 
Chance.  The  Co.  is  opening  the  Sparrow 
Hawk "  by  exposing  a  large  face  of  the 
mine  with  a  view  of  employing  50  men. 
The  whole  width  is  streaked  with  fine  rich 
veins  of  ore. 

The  Co.  is  preparing  to  bring  water  to 
the  mine  a  distance  of  2  miles  to  supply 
steam  for  an  engine  intended  to  propel  a 
30-stamp  mill.  The  mill  is  intended  to  be 
ready  for  running  inside  of  90  days. 

The  Mormon  Chief  and  Grecian  Bend 
are  being  worked  by  the  Omaha  Co.  with  a 
steady  and  favorable  development. 

The  Emery  lode  is  giving  employment  to 
a  number  of  hands. 

The  Queen  of  the  West,  Washington, 
Gen.  Lee,  Lone  Star  and  other  lodes 
are  being  developed  with  favorable  re- 
sults. 

Emma  Ore. — There  are  about  1,200  tons 
of  this  ore  piled  up  at  Sandy  Station,  the 
present  terminus  of  the  Utah  Southern. 
Some  90  tons  of  this  ore  were  taken  out  of 
the  mine  daily  during  last  week,  but  the 
Co.  is  thinking  of  dropping  down  to  about 
half  that  amount.  The  ore  which  is  now 
coming  out  of  the  mine  is  of  a  higher 
grade  than  was  ever  taken  out  before;  3 
lots  of  100  tons  each  gave  an  average  assay 
of  $275  to  the  ton. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board, 

San  Francisco,  February  1,  1872. 
The  mining  share  market  has  be6n  active  and 
firm  throughout  the  week.  The  sales  at  the 
Board  for  the  week  ending  January  24th, amount- 
ed to  the  large  sum  of  $4,540,000.  About  $93,- 
000  have  been  received  from  the  Meadow  Val- 
ley mine  since  January  Gth.  On  the  25th  ult. 
$5,000  were  shipped  from  the  Alps  mine.  Tho 
superintendent  of  the  Raymond  &  Ely  sends 
down  $49,000,  and  says  that  he  is  sending  75 
tons  of  ore  daily  to  each  of  the  two  mills.  The 
trustoos  of  the  Globe  Mining  Co .  hove  been 
elected  as  follows:  A.  K.  P.  Hnrmon,  (Presi- 
dent,) J.  D.  Fry,  J.  C.  Flood,  C.  B.  Land  and 
D.  A.  Jennings.  W.  E.  Dean  was  elected  sec- 
retary. Over  1,000  tons  of  ore  were  extract' 
ed  from  the  Crown  Point  mine,  last  week, 
assaying  $25. 3G  per  ton. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  P.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Jan.  25.    Wjihtd.    Louest.    Feb.  1.     A<lv.  Dec. 

n         a      —      —     — 


Alpha $'21 

Amador — 

Belcher tj0.'» 

Buckeye 4' \ 

Ohollur-PotoBi..  60 

Caledonia  17 

Uonw.  Virginia. . .  L'l 
Orown  Point.... Itffl 


Eureka  Cona....  '1AV, 

'  ureku in', 

Empire — 

(Imild  ,t  Curry  .1311 
(loldeu  Chariot. .  17 
Hale  &  Noreroaa  Ik.'i 
Imperial ,  — 

ula  Elmore li; 

Neutuck 2(lft 

Mamm-th COc 

Meadoi*  Valley..  17,'i 

Occidental — 

Ophir 55 

Grig.  Hid.  Treas.    7Ji 

Overman .12 

I'ioehe H'lj 

Raymond  4  Ely. 112 

Savage   .      S]}4 

Sierra  Nevada...  27)J 

silver  Wave — 

Wash.  A  Creole..    h\i 
Yellow  Jacket...  <SVA 

St.  Patrick — 

Seg.  Belcher IM 


56 
17 
29 
715 

!M 

2<U> 


130 

IX 
1B7« 

77 

IB* 
227K 
OOe 

17K 


505 

J* 

47 
14 
21 
625 
2 
24 
17« 

116 
Wi 
1(5 


200 

450 
15'4 


670  65 


2(i'v 


ITS 
77 

ftftc 
17J* 


l'i 


VA 
45 
10 
108 


1S& 

16 

r 


«« 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked, 


Alpha  Cods 27 

Amador — 

Belcher tifiO 

Chollar-Potofli..      60 

Crown  Point 670 

Daney 2.'4 

Eureka  Cons....     26!? 

Eureka  ". 18 

Golden  Chariot.  15 
Gould  &  Curry.  122 
Hale  &  Norcrosa    165 


1570 
51 
675 

■;>, 
lew 

15 
123 


Bin,  ASKED 

Tda  Elmore 16,'^  16»* 

Imperial    75  75 

Kentuck 225  227S! 

Meadow  Valley..   17  DM 

Ophir  66  66J£ 

Orig.  Hid.,Treas     —  — 

Overman ,.     62'<S  63 

Savage 66  66# 

Roymond&    Ely.    117  118 

Sierra  Nevada...    —  — 

YellowJacket..    66'£  67 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advert! sementa  In  the  Scien- 
tific Phesb  and  other  Sun  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAY 

DATE  OP  ASSESSMENT  DELINQUENT.      OF  SALE, 

Alhambra  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  9,  50c.Jan.  13— Feb.  5* 
Buckeye  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jau.  9,  $1  .Feb.  13,  Mar  14 
Cherokee  Flat,  Butte  Co..  Jan.  3,  $2,50... Feb.  6 -Feb.  23 

El  Dorado  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Dec.  7,  26c Jan.  24—  Feb.  14 

Emerald  Hill  M.  Co.,  U.T.,  Jan  II,  25c— Feb.  19,  Mar.  14 
Empire  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  5,  $10. .  .Feb.  8— Fob,  26 
Golden  Chariot,  I.   T.,  Jan.  31— $2  50,  Mar.  9,  Mar.  30 

Hale  &  Norcross,  Nev.,  Dec.  14,  $5 Jan.  18— Feb.  7 

Ida  Ellmore,  Idaho.  Dec.  30  $3.00 Jan.  31— March  4 

Imperials.  M.  Co.,  Nev  ,  Jan.  5,  $10 Feb.  8,  Feb,  26 

Kentuck,  Nev..  Jan.  20,  $10 Feb.  24?— Mar.  13. 

Kincaid  Flat  M.  Co.,  Dec.  11$2.50 Jan.  17— Feb.  14* 

Lemon,  Nev.,  Jan.  6,  50c Feb,  10 — March  2 

Mammoth,  White  Pine,  Dec.  13, 10c Jon.  18— Feb.  8 

MinaliicaM.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  1C,  20c.  Feb.  19— March  11* 

Monitor  &  Magnet,  N.  T.  Dec.  4,  25c Jan.  23— Feb.  17 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan  8,  25c.  .Fe  5— Fo  22* 
Nevada  L.  and  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9.  4c. Feb.  13— Mar.  4* 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  20,  $2 Jan.  24— Feb.  14 

Overman,  Nev.,  Feb.  22.  $4 Feb.  22— Mar.  11. 

Phcenix.Nev.,  Jan.  18,  75c Feb.  22— Mar.  13. 

Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  N.,  Jan.  20,  80c.-Mar.  1.  Mar.23* 
Pioehe  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Deo.  18,  $1.50. .  .Jan.  25— Feb.  16 
Quail  Hill  M.  and  W.  Co.,  Dec.  19,  $5.. Jan.  23— Feb.  13* 
Silver  Wave,  White  Pine,  Dec.  19,  $3.  .Jon.  25— Feb.  23* 

Silver  Wave,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  $1 Feb.  26—  Mar.  19  * 

Succor,  M.  M.  Co.,  G.  H.,  Jan.  3,  $1.50. ..Feb  6    Feb.  27 

Tecumseh,  Cal.,  Jan.  23,  $4 Feb.  27— Mar.  16.* 

Union  G-.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  4,  $1,00 Feb.  5— Feb.  2G* 

Wm.  Penn,  Nev.  Jan.  16,  50c Feb.  10— Mor.  11  * 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

CeutralS.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Feb.  28 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Co.  .Annual  Meeting,  Feb.  3 
LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $10 Jan.  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1. Payable  Dec.  11 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Jan.  10 

Crown  Point,  $10 Payable  Jan.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  6 

Meadow  Valley,  $1 .50 Payable  Dec.  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Jan.  10 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  Dec.  18 

San  Francisco  T.  &  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Feb.  5 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  60c Payable  Dec.  5 

^Advertised  in  this  journal. 


MiniDg  Sales. 

Eleven  mines,  amounting  in  all  to  18,200 
feet,  in  Rush  Valley  District,  have  been 
sold  to  New  York  capitalists.  This  sale  is 
reported  as  being  the  first  ever  made  of 
Utah  mines  in  New  York  direct,  and  will 
give  an  impetus  to  mines  in  that  district. 
The  company  will  immediately  proceed  to 
develop  their  property. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Trenton  mine  near 
Galena,  has  been  sold  for  $100,000. 

The  extensive  mining  property  known 
as  the  Hidden  Treasure,  about  half  a  mile 
below  Monitor,  Alpine  Co.,  has  been  sold 
to  Eastern  parties. 

The  Queen  of  the  West  mine,  Camp 
Floyd  District,  Utah,  has  been  sold  to 
English  capitalists  for  $175,000. 


70 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  3,  1872. 


Artesian  Wells. 

Why  they  are  so  Called— How  They  are  Made- 
Experiments  in  Chicago. 
Artesian  wells  are  so  named  from  the  an- 
cient province  of  Artris,  in  France,  where 
natural  overflowing  wells  were  found.  It  is 
only  about  eighty  years  ago  that  much  at- 
tention was  paid  to  sinking  them  by  means 
of  machinery.  In  1841,  after  eight  years 
work,  a  well  was  sunk  at  Grenella,  near 
Paris,  1,800  feet  deep,  which  was  then  con- 
sidered a  great  triumph  of  art.  Spangler 
and  Mars,  who  have  sunk  nearly  all  the 
wells  in  Chicago,  bored  2,900  feet  at  Col- 
umbus, Ohio,  before  they  struck  a  good 
supply  of  water.  The  deepest  well  in  the 
world  is  at  the  sugar  refinery  in  St.  Louis, 
but  there  is  so  much  mineral  in  the  water 
that  it  is  only  used  for  flushing  the  floors. 
This  well  is  considerable  over  3,000  feet 
deep. 

The  first  artesian  well  sunk  in  Chicago 
was  the  one  on  Chicago  Avenue,  at  the 
stone  quarry.  This  was  bored  under  the 
direct  supervision  of  unseen  spirits  (?) . 
They  directed  the  doings  for  the  purpose 
of  getting  oil.  When  it  would  not  yield 
oil  they  bored  deeper  for  a  brine  spring, 
but  were  content  at  last  to  put  up  with  a 
good  yield  of  passably  good  fresh  water, 
that  is  said  to  have  improved  in  quality  in 
the  last  few  years.  ., 

There  are  now  more  than  twenty  in  ancT 
about  the  city.  Our  reporter  visited  one 
of  these,  now  being  bored  at  the  corner  of 
Franklin  and  Monroe  streets,  and  gained 
the  following  information  in  conversation 
with  the  foreman  of  Spangler  &  Mars,  who 
have  taken  the  contract. 

Reporter. — I  want  to  learn  how  to  make 
an  artesian  well.     Can  you  tell  me  ? 

Foreman. — Oh  yes  ;  very  easily.  "We 
must  have  power,  so  we  have  this  strong 
derrick  and  steam  engine.  This  derrick 
has  been  used  a  good  many  times  before. 
We  hitch  a  traveling  crank  to  a  beam  fas- 
tened to  the  axle  of  the  driving  wheel  of 
the  engine,  which  will  give  us  about  45 
down  strokes  a  minute.  To  the  other  end 
of  this  beam  we  fasten  the  drill,  which 
works  in  a  swivel,  so  that  the  drill  can  be 
turned  around  easily.  This  is  the  drill,  as 
you  see,  about  2  feet  long,  iyt  inches  wide 
and  2  inches  thick,  and  looks  like  a  very 
blunt  chisel.  This  drill  works  up  and 
down  in  the  hole  it  makes,  crushing  the 
rock  under  it. 

When  the  drill  gets  down  about  thirty 
feet  we  screw  on  another  one  of  these  long 
poles,  thirty-six  feet  long,  and  keep  it 
working. 

Reporter. — But  the  hole  gets  clogged  up 
with  dirt  doesn't  it  ? 

Foreman. — Not  so  fast  as  you  might 
think.  We  change  the  drill  now— as  we 
are  going  through  limestone — once  every 
three  hours,  in  order  to  put  in  a  sharp 
tool.  The  drill  has  made  8,100  strokes  in 
that  time,  and  we  get  about  a  pailful  of 
Band. 

Reporter. — How  do  you  get  the  sand  out 
of  the  hole? 

Foreman.— With  this  sand  pump.  You 
see  it  is  just  like  an  old-fashioned  wooden 
pump,  with  a  valve  in  the  bottom.  We 
work  this  up  and  down,  and  the  down- 
ward plunge  opens  the  valve  and  allows 
the  sand  and  water  to  be  forced  into  the 
tube,  and  the  upward  movement  closes 
the  valve  so  that  in  a  short  time  the  hole 
is  entirely  cleaned  out,  and  all  the  sand  is 
forced  into  the  tube.  The  pump  is  then 
drawn  up  and  emptied. 
Reporter. — How  fast  do  you  go  down  ? 
Foreman. — About  eight  feet  every  12 
hours  through  this  limestone,  making  six 
teen  feet  a  day,  as  we  work  day  and  night, 
But  when  we  come  to  the  hard  white  sand- 
stone like  the  stone  used  for  making  grind- 
stones, we  make  much  less  headway,  as 
the  drill  has  to  be  taken  out  every  twenty 
minutes,  frequently,  and  a  new  one  put  in 
its  place.  You  can  see  how  even  the 
limestone  wears  the  iron,  as  this  drill  ia 
polished  smooth,  and  looks  as  if  it  was 
zinc  instead  of  iron. 

Reporter. — What  kind  of  boriugsdoyou 
find  here  in  Chicago  ? 

Foreman.— The  first  100  feet  is  blue 
clay,  and  then  comes  450  feet  of  limestone, 
followed  by  250  feet  of  shale,  a  kind  of 
soapstone,  which  is  porous  and  allows  a 
passage  for  water. 

Reporter. — It  must  have  been  in  that 
strata  that  Kimball  struck  water. 

Foreman. — Probably,  as  his  well  is  only 
about  619  feet  deep.  Well,  as  I  was  saying, 
below  the  shale  we  come  to  80  feet  of  sand- 
stone, and  then  200  feet  of  limestone  again, 
with  25  feet  of  shale  below,  in  which  most 
of  the  water  about  Chicago  has  been  found; 
and  below  this  shale  we  find  sandstone  as 
far  as  any  borings  have  been  made.  These 
are  rough  figures,  that  vary  a  good  deal 


in  different  wells,  but  they  give  the  average 
pretty  well.  , 

Reporter.— How  do  you  keep  the  bore 
perpendicular  ? 

Foreman. — The  dropping  is  of  course  as 
true  as  a  plumb,  but  if  any  hard  or  round 
stone  should  turn  the  drill  at  all,  that  ten- 
dency is  corrected  by  the  "  slide"  in  the 
first  pole.  This  slide  is  thirty  feet  above 
the  drill,  and  is  the  same  size  as  the  hole. 
The  first  joint  is  the  working  one.  It 
weighs  about  nine  hundred  pounds,  and 
its  weight  is  sufficient,  by  the'1  incessant 
pounding  and  turning  which  the  man  at 
the  top  gives  it,  to  pulverize  the  hardest 
stone.  If  all  the  poles  acted  as  one  work- 
ing joint  it  would  jar  them  dreadfully,  but 
this  slide,  about  two  feet  long,  allows  the 
drill  to  rebound,  when  it  strikes  the  hard 
rock,  and  takes  a  great  strain  off  the  poles. 
We  are  on  our  tenth  pole  now,  having  gone 
down  three  hundred  and  twenty  feet. 

Reporter. — How  much  water  do  you  ex- 
pect a  4%-ineh  bore  will  yield  ? 

Foreman. — That  will  depend  on  the 
pressure.  Probably  four  hundred  or  five 
hundred  gallons  a  minute,  enough,  at  any 
rate,  to  flood  a  floor  or  a  roof  in  a  minute 
or  two.  The  Bank  of  England  can  flood 
their  floors  and  roof  in  two  minutes,  but  I 
believe  they  have  no  artesian  well. 

Reporter. — What  hindrances  do  you 
find  in  boring? 

Foreman.  —  Caving  in  is  one  of  the 
worst.  When  we  strike  a  quicksand  we 
must  put  a  tube  down  the  size  of  the  bore, 
to  prevent  the  sand  from  clogging  the 
drill.  The  well  at  the  Chicago  Alcohol 
Works  has  bothered  us  some  by  caving  in; 
and  then,  we  frequently  meet  with  boul- 
ders, as  in  the  well  at  Humboldt  Park. 
These  are  very  hard  and  very  trying  on 
the  tools.  The  breaking  of  the  tools  is 
another  serious  hindrance.  Sometimes  we 
break  a  drill  every  week,  and  then  there  is 
great  delay  in  getting  the  broken  tools  out. 
Why,  it  took  fifteen  months  to  get  the 
broken  tools  out  of  the  deep  well  at  Paris; 
but  they  manage  these  things  much  better 
here  in  America.  We  are  not  often  de- 
layed long  in  getting  out  these  old  stumps. 
Reporter. — Pulling  teeth  with  nine  pair 
of  forceps  a  quarter  of  a  milelong  must  be 
ticklish  business. 

Foreman. — Yes;  but  we  do  it  after  we 
learn  the  trade  well. 

Reporter. — How  much  does  it  cost  to  sink 
a  well. 

Foreman. — About  $4  a  foot  for  the  first 
800  feet,  and  fifty  cents  a  foot  advance  for 
every  fifty  feet  below  that. 

Reporter. — Does  it  pay  to  sink  wells? 
Foreman. — In  distilleries,  where  they 
pay  $2,000  a  year  for  water,  a  well  that 
costs  from  $4,000  to  $6,000  pays  foritself  in 
two  or  three  years.  Even  the  deepest  wells 
pay  for  themselves.  The  one  at  Lincoln 
Park  is  the  deepest  one  in  the  city,  being 
1,555  feet  deep,  and  yet  it  will  pay  foritself 
by  saving  hydrant  water  for  private  con- 
sumers. 

Reporter. — You  must  make  them  much 
cheaper  than  they  used  to  do. 

Foreman. — Yes.  At  first  they  only  used 
seven-feet  poles,  but  Malot,  in  the  deep 
Paris  well,  used  twenty-seven  feet  poles, 
while  we  use,  as  you  see,  thirty-six  feet 
ones.  Then  we  can  get  forty-five  to  fifty 
strokes  per  minute  with  poles,  while  the 
most  we  could  get  with  cables  was  forty- 
one  strokes.  It  takes  a  Yankee,  anyway, 
to  find  out  how  to  do  things  cheaply.  We 
are  putting  down  wells  cheaper,  perhaps, 
considering  everything,  than  any  one  else 
in  the  world,  and  manage  to  make  our 
living,  at  least  by  it. — Chicago  Mail. 


Singular  Explosions. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Scientific  Ameri- 
can, writing  from  Norwalk,  Ohio,  furnishes 
that  paper  with  the  following  particulars 
of  a  somewhat  remarkable  explosion:  "I 
was  about  to  temper  a  common  reamer,  by 
plunging  it  into  sulphuric  acid.  The  mo- 
ment the  heated  steel  came  in  contact  with 
the  acid,  an  explosion  took  place,  throw- 
ing the  acid  in  all  directions,  accompanied 
by  a  report  equal  to  that  made  by  a  well- 
loaded  shot-gun.  The  acid  was  thrown 
against  the  ceiling,  about  16  feet  high,  and 
over  my  clothing,  face,  and  left  arm,  caus- 
ing very  painful  sores,  and  threatening  me 
with  loss  of  sight.  The  vessel  containing 
the  acid  was  a  wide-mouthed  crockery  jar, 
and  there  was  about  two  gallons  of  acid  in 
it  at  the  time.  The  jar  was  not  broken, 
but  the  reamer  was  blown  away  from  me, 
and  was  found  much  sprung  or  twisted. 
I  have  used  this  acid  very  frequently,  and 
have  seen  many  others  use  it  for  temper- 
ing purposes;  but  this  is  the  first  instance, 
that  I  have  ever  heard  of,  of  an  explosion 
occurring.  Indeed,  the  same  lot  of  acid 
was  afterwards  used  for  tempering,  with- 
out any  indication  of  a  blow  up. 

I  send  you  this  imperfect  description  of 
the  occurrence,  hoping  that  some  of  your 
correspondents  will  explain  the  mystery. 
So  many  persons  are  using  this  acid  for 
tempering  steel,  that  any  danger  attending 
its  use  should  be  pointed  out  and  under- 
stood. The  lucky  escape  I  had,  from  be- 
ing made  blind  for  life,  prompts  me  to  ask 
you  to  call  attention  to  this  point  in  your 
widely  circulated  and  eagerly  read  col- 
umns." 

The  editor  of  the  Scientific  American 
thinks  the  explosion  was  caused  by  the 
generation  of  hydrogen  during  the  oxidi- 
zation of  some  metallic  fragments  intro- 
duced into  the  tempering  pot  through  ac- 
cident or  design.  This  gas  mixed  in  the 
proper  proportions  with  the  air  above  the 
acid  would  form  a  violently  explosive  mix- 
ture. 

Another  Singular  Explosion. 
The  N.  Y.  Standard  of  Jan.    13th,  gives 
the   following    somewhat  singular  occur- 
rence in  which  a  man's  head  was  blown  off 
by  the  explosion  of  a  beer-barrel : 

Yesterday  morning,  a  man  named  Gill- 
rain,  employed  at  the  Long  Island  brewery, 
took  one  of  the  empty  beer-barrels  for  the 
purpose  of  cleansing  it.  Hot  water  and 
lime  were  put  in  the  barrel,  it  was  then 
stopped,  and  submitted  to  a  vigorous 
shaking.  While  this  process  was  in  oper- 
ation, gas  generated  in  the  barrel,  and  it 
exploded  with  great  force.  The  head  of 
the  barrel  struck  Gillrain  in  the  head,  and 
took  his  head  off,  killing  him  instantly. 
John  Qninn,  who  was  near,  or  aiding  Gill- 
rain  at  the  time,  was  blown  about  12  feet 
and  knocked  insensible.  His  injuries  are 
not  of  a  fatal  character.  One  of  the  beams 
in  the  brewery  was  nearly  cut  in  two  by 
the  head  of  the  barrel  after  it  had  taken 
the  head  of  Gillrain  off. 

The  Brunswick  Mill. 


Post  Office  Changes. — The  following 
changes  in  the  Pacific  States  and  Terri- 
tories, for  the  week  ending  January  6th, 
1872,  have  been  announced: 

Postmasters  appointed — Julian ,  San 
Diego  County,  Cal.  Harvey  W.  Harver. 
Warm  Springs,  Deer  Lodge  County  Mon- 
tana, E.  Gerard;  Springville,  Jefferson 
County,  Montana,  John  Bayliss;  Cacharas, 
Huerfano  County,  Colorado,  John  F.  Read. 

Name  and  site  of  Barrett's  Mill,  El  Paso 
County,  Colorado,  changed  to  Southwater, 
on  the  Denver  and  RioGrande  Railroad, 
and  Pierce  Wallihan  appointed  Postmas- 
ter. 


CiLIFOBNIA  Fbtjit  in  Boston. — The 
first  shipment  of  California  pears  ever 
made  to  this  city  direct,  came  to  the  mar- 
ket this  week  over  the  Pacific  Railroad, 
consisting  of  400  boxes,  each  box  con- 
taining three  pecks,  of  those  large, 
luscious  pears  for  which  the  Golden 
State  is  sp  celebrated  for  raising.  They 
were  shipped  from  Sacramento  by  C.  W. 
Reed,  and  arrived  in  splendid  condition. 
The  freight  bill  was  $700,  and  the  fruit 
was  consigned  to  Hilland,  Smith  &  Co., 
and  attracts  the  attention  of  all  who  pass 
by  their  stall. — Boston  Bulletin,  Jan.   6th. 


The  Carson  Register  of  the  21st  instant, 
gives  the  following  descriptive  details 
concerning  this  magnificent  new  56-stamp 
mill,  situated  on  Carson  river,  juBt  below 
Empire,  beside  the  track  of  the  Virginia 
and  Truckee  railroad  :  It  started  into  op- 
eration on  Saturday  last,  in  the  presence 
of  quite  an  assemblage  of  interested  spec- 
tators, mill-men  and  others.  Every  piece 
of  machinery  in  that  vast  labyrinth  of 
moving  iron,  wood,  leather,  etc.,  worked 
like  the  mechanism  of  a  clock,  smooth  and 
almost  noiseless.  Fifty-six  850-pound 
stamps  were  driven  up  to  88  drops  per 
minute  with  scarcely  a  jar  of  the  floors  and 
without  the  slighest  vibration  of  the  bat- 
teries. The  whole  machinery  is  driven  by 
water — about>ll,000  cubic  feet  of  water 
passing  through  two  turbine  wheels  each 
minute.  One  -of  the  turbines  is  a  Lind 
and  the  other  a  Lefelle  wheel,  each  being 
48  inches  in  diameter.  These  two  little 
wheels,  the  water  having  25  feet  fall,  give 
380  horse  power,  the  whole  of  which  may 
be  and  is  communicated  to  the  machinery 
by  a  single  belt  42  inches  in  width.  The 
56  stamps  are  partitioned  off  into  5  and  4- 
stamp  batteries,  and  the  battery  blocks  or 
bed  are  set  into  the  solid  bed-rock  of  the 
hill.  The  crushing  capacity  of  the  mill  is 
from  150  to  165  tons  of  ore  in  24  hours. 
There  are  26  improved  Horn  pans,  each 
5  feet  in  diameter,  with  an  aggregate  ca- 
pacity of  2  tons  ;  13  settlers,  each  8%  feet 
in  diameter,  and  four  wooden  agitators, each 
10  feet  in  diameter.  The  dump,  built  under 
the  railroad  track  so  that  the  ore  falls  from 
the  cars  directly  into  it,  will  hold  1,200  tons. 
From  this  the  ore  is  let  down  through 
strong  gates  raised  by  iron  cogs  to  the 
batteries,    where   there   is   an    immense 


patent  rock  crusher.  In  front  of  the  main 
building  is  situated  two  immense  boilers 
for  heating  water  for  the  pans,  and  inside 
is  a  little  donkey  pump  for  hoisting  water 
to  the  top  of  the  building  or  for  flooding 
it  almost  instantly  in  case  of  fire.  .  In  the 
rear  are  the  retails.  The  tail-race  is  cov- 
ered with  a  double  floor,  forming  a  foun- 
dation for  two  large  reservoirs  for  tailings. 
The  force  of  gravity  conducts  everything 
from  the  ore  cars  at  the  top  and  rear  of  the 
building  to  the  agitators  far  below  and 
thence  to  the  tailing  reservoirs. 

Artesian  Wells  of  San  Jose. 

Editoes  Pbess: — It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  the  artesian  well  system,  or  rather 
the  system  of  subterranean  lakes  of  our 
valleys  has  not  attracted  more  attention 
from  scientific  men.  A  mistaken  notion 
widely  prevails  among  agriculturists  as 
to  the  effects  of  artesian  wells  upon  the 
surface  soils.  Many  contend  that  frequent 
borings  have  a  tendency  to  dry  up  the 
land  everywhere,  except  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  wells.  That  this  idea  is 
erroneous  will  be  readily  seen  upon  a  fair 
statement  of  the  facts. 

Taking  this  valley  as  a  criterion,  we  have 
indubitable  proof  that  the  water  supply  is 
in  subterranean  lakes,  or  basins,  hermeti- 
cally roofed  over  with  a  lid  of  hard-pan, 
so  compact  and  homogenous  that  even 
water  cannot  penetrate  it  from  above  or 
below.  This  underground  basin  has  a  sort 
of  corrugated  conformation  —  or,  more 
plainly,  its  bed  is  full  of  solid  ridges  and 
hillocks  which  cause  the  water  to  remain 
in  beds  and  channels  at  various  depths 
from  the  surface.  This  accounts  for  the 
remarkable  difference  in  the  depths  at 
which  water  is  reached  in  borings  in  the 
vicinity  of  each  other.  Almost  anywhere 
on  the  eastern  and  northeastern  side  of 
this  city,  water  can  be  made  to  flow 
abundantly  by  boring  from  45  to  60  feet, 
while  in  the  heart  of  the  town  the  same 
result  cannot  be  effected  without  penetrat- 
ing from  250  to  500  feet  deep. 

The  reason  is  obvious.  The  water  lies 
in  independent  channels  between  the  ridges 
and  hillocks  of  impenetrable  hard-pan.  If 
this  be  true,  there  is  little  danger  of  the 
flow  of  water  from  the  wells  in  our  part 
of  the  valley  depleting  the  supply  of 
those  in  another  locality.  In  penetrating 
to  his  hidden  reservoir,  the  auger  almost 
invariably  passes  through  the  ordinary 
alluvial  sub-deposits  of  soil,  gravel, 
sand  and  boulders,  until  it  reaches  the  ever 
present  stratum  of  tough  clay,  or  ' '  hard- 
pan."  If  the  well  borer  has  been  so  for- 
tunate as  to  escape  a  ridge  or  hillock,  the 
moment  he  perforates  the  clay  stratum  of 
gravel,  old  logs  and  other  pluvial  pre- 
serves, the  water  will  instantly  rise — 
sometimes  with  incredible  force. 

Now,  in  this  operation  three  or  four 
points  are  quite  apparent.  In  the  first 
place,  the  'different  depths  at  which 
the  water  is  reached,  indicates  that  each 
channel  or  water  bed  is  separate  and  dis- 
tinct from  its  neighbors. 

Secondly.  The  water  beds,  no  matter 
how  great  their  distance  from  the  surface, 
invariably  contain  drift-wood,  and  even 
large  logs  in  a  perfect  state  of  preserva- 
tion, which  proves  that  they  have,  since 
their  deposition,  been  excluded  from  at- 
mospheric action. 

Thirdly.  The  supply  of  water  is]always 
obtained  in  every  locality,  the  moment 
we  pierce  through  the  air-tight  lid  of  hard- 
pan,  thus  proving  that  the  entire  system 
of  water  channels,  or  water  beds  are 
hermetically  sealed  under  a  common  cov- 
ering of  tough  clay. 

If  it  be  true  that  this  universal  clay 
stratum  is  air-tight  and  water-proof,  how 
in  the  name  of  good  sense  can  tapping  it 
and  letting  the  pent-up  water  flow  to  the 
surface,  cause  the  land  to  become  dry  in 
the  vicinity  ?  If  the  subterranean  beds  and 
channels  are  distinctive  and  independent 
of  each  other,  as  they  doubtless  are,  how 
can  boring  wells  on  one  side  of  the  valley 
effect  those  on  the  other  side  ?  The  idea  is 
absurd  and  the  sooner  we  can  get  to  the 
surface  all  the  water  we  can  from,  below, 
the  better  it  will  be  for  the  land  and  the 
people.  b.  f.  s. 

San  Jose,  Jan.  20th,  1872. 


The  supply  of  India-rubber  is  said  to  be 
inexhaustible.  Each  tree  can  be  tapped 
for  twenty  successive  years,  and  yields  on 
an  average  three  tablespoonfuls  aday; 
43.000  of  these  trees  have  been  counted 
on  a  tract  of  land  thirty  miles  long  by  eight 
wide. 


The  amount  of  rainfall  in  Shasta  for  the  sea- 
son, up  to  noon  on  the  5th  of  January,  was 
50.14  inches. 


February  3,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


71 


UsEfJL     lfifOf\f1^TIOM. 


Vegetable  Soap. 

Many  plants  in  ditl'erent  countries  fur- 
nish useful  substitutes  for  soup  to  the  na- 
tives, when  there  are  no  conveniences  or 
materials  for  manufacturing  ordinary  soap. 
Examples  of  these  are  the  soapworts, 
(  Sapiudu*,)  so  called  from  furnishing, 
either  in  tlie  pulp  of  tho  fruit  or  in  tho 
root  or  hark,  a  vegetable  principle  onlled 
aapoine.  Tims  (be  Hindus  use  the  pulp 
of  the  fruit  •>!  Sapindul  delergens for  wash- 
ing linen.  Theoapssla  of  another speoies, 
when  bruised,  forma  suds  if  agitated  iu  hot 
.  and  the  natives  of  India  use  this  as 
for  washing  tho  hair,  silk,  etc. 
The  aril  which  surrounds  the  seed  of  a 
South  American  species  is  used  as  a  soap. 
The  fresh  bark  of  the  root  of  Mminina 
called  "yaUioi,"  pounded  and 
moulded  into  balls,  is  used  by  the  Pe- 
ruvians in  place  of  soap. 

The  Canadian  Naturalist,  from  which 
this  portion  of  our  account  is  taken,  also 
states  that  the  bruised  leaves  of  the  Euro- 
pean Saponaria  officinali*  forms  a  lather 
which  much  resembles  that  of  soap,  and  is 
similarly  useful  in  romoving grease-spots. 
The  bark  of  tpemaria  of  Central 

America  answers  the  same  purpose,  and  is 
used  as  a  detergent  by  wood  dyers.  It  has 
been  even  imported  largely  into  France, 
Belgium,  etc.,  and  sold  in  tho  shops  as  a 
cheap  substitute  for  soap.  A  vegetable 
soap  was  prepared  some  years  ago  in  Ja- 
maica from  the  leaves  of  the  American 
aloe,  which  was  found  as  detergent  as 
Castile  soup  for  washing  linen,  and  had  the 
superior  quality  of  mixing  aud  forming 
a  lather  with  Bait  water  as  well  as  fresh. 

In  Peru,  the  leaves  of  the  Maguey  agave 
are  used  instead  of  soap.  The  clothes  are 
vetted,  and  then  beaten  with  a  leaf  which 
has  been  crushed  ;  a  thick  white  froth  is 
produced,  and  after  rinsing,  the  clothes 
are  quite  clean.  The  pulpy  matter  con- 
tained in  the  hard  kernel  of  a  tree  called 
"  Del  Joboncillo  "  is  also  used  for  the  same 
purpose.  On  being  mixed  with  water,  it 
produces  a  white  froth.  In  Brazil,  soap  is 
made  from  the  ashes  of  the  bassena  or 
broom-plant,  (Sida  lanceolataj  which 
abounds  with  alkali.  There  are  also  some 
barks  and  pods  of  the  native  plants  used 
for  soaps  in  China. 

Tho  California  Soap  Plarrt. 

The  soap-plant  of  California  (Phalau 
giumpomeridianum)  is  a  notable  example 
of  this  class  of  vegetable  productions,  and 
is  found  exceedingly  useful.  The  bulbous 
root,  which  is  the  saponaceous  portion,  re- 
sembles the  onion,  but  possesses  the  qual- 
ity of  cleansing  linen  equal  to  any  olive 
soap  manufactured.  Large  amounts  of 
washing  fluids  are  made  from  this  root  at 
the  Standard  Soap  Works  in  this  city  (San 
Francisco) . 

This  soap  plant  grows  all  over  Califor- 
nia. The  leaves  make  their  appearance 
about  the  middle  of  November  or  about 
six  weeks  after  the  rainy  season  has  fairly 
set  in.  The  plants  never  grow  more  than 
a  foot  high,  and  the  leaves  and  stalk  drop 
entirely  off  in  May,  though  the  bulbs  re- 
main in  the  ground  all  summer  without 
decaying.  It  is  used  to  wash  with  in  all 
parts  of  the  country,  and  by  those  who 
know  its  virtues  it  is  preferred  to  the  best 
of  soap. 

The  method  of  using  it  in  its  natural 
state  is  merely  to  strip  off  the  husk,  dip 
the  clothes  into  the  water,  and  rub  the 
bulb  on  them  as  with  soap.  It  makes  a 
thick  lather,  and  smells  not  unlike  brown 
soap. 

The  husks  are  also  utilized  in  large 
quantities,  by  being  worked  up  into  an 
imitation  of  hair  for  mattrasses,  for 
which  purpose  they  are  found  to  be  a  very 
good  substitute. 

At  St.  Nicholas,  one  of  the  Cape  Verde 
Islands,  they  make  a  soap  from  the  oil  of 
the  Jatroplia  curcas  seeds,  and  the  ashes  of 
the  pawpaw-tree  leaf.  The  oil  and  ashes 
are  mixed  in  an  iron  pot,  heated  over  a 
fire,  and  stirred  until  properly  blended. 
"When  cool,  it  is  rolled  up  into  balls  about 
the  size  of  a  six-pound  shot,  looking  much 
like  our  mottled  soap,  and  producing  a 
very  good  lather. 

Small  Dangek  of  Ballooning.—  Mr. 
Henry  Coxwell,  the  aeronaut,  replying  to 
the  hypothesis  ' '  that  one-half  the  number 
of  professional  aeronauts  had  been  killed 
in  the  exercise  of  their  vocation,"  says 
that,  of  the  3,500  ascents  executed  in  Eu- 
rope and  America,  fifteen  deaths  only  have 
been  recorded. 


Electro-Plating. 

In  France,  where  the  process  of  electro- 
plating is  regulated  by  law,  every  manu- 
facturer is  required  to  weigh  each  article 
when  ready  for  plating,  iu  the  presence 
of  a  comptroller  appointed  by  the  govern- 
ment, and  to  report  the  same  article  for 
weighing  again  when  the  plating  has  been 
done.  In  this  way  the  officers  show  to 
the  fraction  of  a  grain  the  amount  of  the 
precious  metal  that  has  been  added,  and 
puts  his  mark  upon  the  wares  accordingly, 
so  that  overy  purohasor  may  know  at 
a  glance  just  what  ho  is  buying. 

iu  ordinary  plating  an  onuco  and  a  half 
of  silver  will  give  to  a  surface  a  foot  square  a 
coating  as  thick  as  common  writing  pa- 
per; consequently,  when  silver  is  worth 
$L25  per  ounce,  tho  value  of  the  silver 
covering  a  foot  square  would  be  about 
§1.87.  At  this  rate,  a  well  plated  tea  or 
coffee  pot  is  plated  at  a  cost  in  silver  of  not 
more  than  SI. 50  to  §2;  and  the  other  ex- 
penses, including  labor,  would  hardly 
reach  more  than  half  that  amount. 

Electro-gilding  is  done  in  like  manner. 
The  very  best  electro-gilding  does  not  ne- 
cessarily add  a  great  deal  to  the  cost  of 
the  article  plated.  A  silver  thimble  may 
be  handsomely  plated  so  as  to  have  the 
appearance  of  being  all  gold  for  five  cents, 
a  pencil  case  for  twenty-five  cents,  and  a 
watch  oase  for  one  dollar. 


QoOD    HE^LTH' 


If  four  quarters  make  a  yard,  how  many 
will  make  a  garden 


Deformed  and  Monstrous  Insects. 

We  are  not  greatly  surprised  to  find  mon- 
strosities among  cattle,  as  they  are  of  fre- 
quent occurrence.  A  neighbor  owns  a  cow 
that  has  six  legs,  and  it  is  not  unusual  to 
meet  all  kinds  of  monstrosities  among  do- 
mesticated animals,  and  the  cause  is 
usually  attributed  to  close  in-and-in  breed- 
ing or  attempting  to  cross  widely  different 
races.  But  how  are  we  to  account  for 
such  freaks  when  they  occur  among  lower 
forms  of  life,  for  instance,  among  insects? 
Such  monstrosities  do  sometimes  occur 
even  among  minute  forms  as  well  as  among 
the  larger  animals.  Beetles,  for  instance, 
have  naturally  six  legs;  but  not  long  since 
a  specimen  of  Pterostickus  Prevoostii,  De- 
jeen,  was  found  in  Switzerland,  having 
two  supplemental  legs  affixed  to  one  of 
the  ordinary  hind  legs. 

That  insects  fight  and  often  become 
maimed  is  well  known  to  every  observer; 
but  whether  such  deformities  have  any  ef- 
fect upon  the  future  progeny  is  a  question 
I  leave  for  Darwinians  to  answer.  I  have 
a  specimen  of  Carabus  that  has  one  eye  in 
the  proper  place  and  the  other  half  hidden 
in  a  depression  on  the  under  side  of  the 
thorax.  Perhaps  my  capturing  of  this  spec- 
imen has  presented  the  evolution  of  a  race 
of  cross-eyed  beetles;  if  so,  what  a  pity. 

Old  Shoe3. — You  probably  think  that 
if  you  look  sharply  at  an  old  shoe,  when 
you  throw  it  away,  you  will  know  it  again 
if  it  ever  comes  back  to  you.  But  that 
doesn't  at  all  follow.  One  of  these  days 
you  may  button  up  your  dress  with  an  old 
pair  of  slippers,  comb  your  hair  with  a 
boot,  or  grasp  a  east  off  slipper  while  you 
eat  your  dinner.  You  don't  see  how  this 
can  be?  Well  we'll  tell  you.  Old  shoes 
are  turned  to  account  in  the  following 
manner :  They  are  cut  into  very  small 
pieces  and  kept  for  a  couple  of  days  in 
chloride  of  sulphur.  The  effect  of  this  is 
to  make  the  leather  hard  and  brittle.  Next 
the  material  is  withdrawn  from  the  action 
of  the  chloride  of  Bulphur,  washed  with 
water  and  then  dried.  When  thoroughly 
dried,  it  is  ground  to  powder,  and  mixed 
with  some  substance  like  glue  or  gum, 
that  causes  it  to  adhere  together.  It  is 
then  pressed  into  molds  and  shaped  into 
buttons,  combs,  knife  handles,  etc.  So 
you  see  how  it  may  come  to  pass  that  you 
will  comb  your  hair  with  a  boot  and  fasten 
your  clothes  with  a  slipper. 

Liquid  Polish. — The  preparation  of 
blacklead  ready  for  use  in  a  fluid  state,  is 
a  recent  English  invention.  The  compo- 
sition adopted  consists  of  black  lead, 
such  as  is  used  for  polishing  stoves 
and  for  other  uses,  combined  with 
turpentine,  water,  and  sugar  or  sac- 
charine matter,  and  the  proportions 
which  have  been  found  to  answer  well  are, 
to  each  pound  by  weight  of  blacklead,  one 
gill  of  turpentine,  one  gill  of  water,  and 
one  ounce  of  sugar  ;  but  these  proportions 
may  be  varied;  and  in  some  cases  all  the 
ingredients  are  not  necessary. 

Elastic  Yaknish  for  Leather. — Take 
two  parts  by  weight  of  resin,  and  one  of 
india  rubber,  and  heat  them  in  an  earthen- 
ware vessel  till  they  are  fused  together  ; 
after  which  they  should  be  stirred  till  they 
are  quite  cold  ;  a  little  boiled  linseed  oil 
may  be  added  while  the  materials  are  hot. 


Glycerine  Lymph.— Prussia  is  avow- 
edly the  country  where  regular  re- vaccina- 
tion is  most  generally  practiced,  the  law 
making  the  precaution  obligatory  on  every 
person,  and  the  authorities  conscientiously 
watching  over  its  performance.  As  a  nat- 
ural result  cases  of  small-pox  aro  very 
rare.  It  has,  however,  been  objected  there 
as  here,  that  lymph  is  scarce.  To  make 
the  most  of  suoh  lymph  as  there  is,  some 
of  the  European  governments  have  tried 
its  application  mixed  with  glycerine,  and 
the  result  has  been  so  successful  as  to  lead 
to  a  public  recommendation  of  the  mixture 
to  official  vaccinating  surgeons.  The  man- 
ner in  which  the  glycerine  lymph  is  pre- 
pared is  thus  described: — 

The  pustules  of  a  healthy  vaccinated 
person  are  opened  with  a  needle,  and  the 
eflluent  matter  carefully  removed  by  means 
of  a  lancet,  tho  same  instrument  being  gent- 
ly applied  to  assist  the  efflux.  The  lymph 
is  then  best  placed  in  the  hollow  of  a  water 
glass,  and  there  mixed  with  twice  its  quan- 
tity of  chemically  pure  glycerine  and  as 
much  distilled  water.  The  liquids  are 
thoroughly  well  mixed  with  a  paint  brush. 
The  mixture  may  be  preserved  for  use  in 
capillary  tubes  or  small  medicine  glasses. 
The  lymph  thus  procured  is  considered 
equal  in  effect  to  pure  lymph;  care  must, 
however,  be  taken  to  shake  it  before  use. 
As  the  same  quantity  that  now  suffices  for 
one  is  made  to  suffice  for  five,  the  discov- 
ery ought  to  be  extremely  useful  in 
crowded  cities  like  ours. 


Heartburn. — Why  the  sensation  occa- 
sioned by  the  presence  of  an  acrid  acid  in 
the  stomaoh  should  be  called  heartburn  it 
is  difficult  to  say,  as  the  distress  is  not 
even  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  heart. 
Common  parlance,  however,  has  sanc- 
tioned the  misnomer,  and  like  many  other 
erroneous  terms  in  general  use,  it  is  a  fix- 
ture in  our  language.  Bi-carbonate  of 
soda  is  usually  given  for  heartburn ;  but 
it  merely  neutralizes  the  acidity  for  the 
time  being,  and  does  not  prevent  a  speedy 
return  of  the  complaint.  In  fact,  all  the 
alkaline  solutions  given  to  relieve  the 
burning,  serve  to  weaken  the  stomach  and 
thereby  aggravate  the  cause  of  the  ailment, 
viz. — indigestion.  What  is  needed  in  such 
eases  is  something,  which,  by  toning  and 
invigorating  the  gastric  membrane  and 
thus  promoting  a  free  flow  of  the  secre- 
tion which  dissolves  the  food,  accelerates 
the  work  of  digestion  and  assimilation 
Avoid  nostrums  and   consult  a  physician 

Sleeplessness. — The  cure  of  sleepless- 
ness is  sometimes  difficult,  particularly  in 
those  who  carry  grave  responsibilities. 
The  habit  of  sleeping  well  is  one  which,  if 
broken  up  for  any  length  of  time,  is  not 
easily  recovered.  Often  a  severe  illness, 
treated  by  powerful  drugs,  so  deranges  the 
nervous  system  that  sleep  is  never  sweet 
after.  Or  perhaps  long  continued  watch- 
fulness produces  the  same  effect;  or  hard 
study,  or  too  litt'e  exercise  of  themusoular 
system,  or  tea  and  whisky  drinking  and  to- 
bacco using. — Home  and  Health. 

Linseed  Syeup. — To  make  linseed  syrup 
for  a  cough,  boil  one  ounce  of  linseed  in 
a  quart  of  water  for  an  hour  ;  strain  it  and 
add  to  the  liquid  the  juice  of  two  lemons 
and  a  half  pound  of  rock  candy.  If  the 
cough  is  accompanied  by  weakness  and 
loss  of  appetite,  add  half  an  ounce  of  pow- 
dered gum  arabic.  Set  this  to  simmer 
for  half  an  hour,  stirring  it  occasionally. 
Take  a  wine-glass  full  whenever  the  cough 
is  troublesome. 

Diarrhea  and  Bowel  Coedial. — The 
following  is  an  excellent  formula  for  a  cor- 
dial to  keep  in  the  household,  and  was 
prepared  by  a  physician  who  used  it  with 
great  success  in  his  practice  :  Chalk  mix 
ture  3%  oz.;  tincture  of  Jamaica  ginger, 
y,  oz.;  laudanum,  1  drachm.  Mix  and  keep 
in  a  cool  place.  Shake  the  bottle  before 
using.  Dose  for  an  adult,  one  teaspoonf ul 
as  often  as  necessary  ;  children,  half  dose 
or  less.    

Pulse  op  Vakious  Animals.— The  pulse 
of  our  domestic  animals,  as  given  by  Vatel, 
in  his  Veterinary  Pathology,  is  as  follows  : 
Horse,  from  32  to  38  pulsations  per  minute; 
ox  or  cow,  25  to  42  ;  ass  48  to  54  ;  sheep, 
70  to  79  ;  dog,  90  to  100  ;  cat,  110  to  120  ; 
rabbit,  120 ;  guinea  pig,  140 ;  duck,  135  ; 
hen,  140. 

There  is  no  rule  of  health  more  impor- 
tant than  "keep  the  feet  dry  and  warm, 
and  the  head  cool." — An  old  story,  but  one 
worthy  of  being  often  repeated. 

Persons  afflicted  with  eruptive  diseases 
should  not  use  salt  fish. 


Expanding  the  Lungs. — Step  outTinto 
the  purest  air  you  can  find,  stand  perfectly 
erect,  with  head  and  shoulders  back,  and 
then,  fixing  the  lips  as  if  you  were  going  to 
whistle,  draw  the  air  through  the  lips  into 
the  lungs.  When  the  chest  is  about  half 
full,  gradually  raise  the  arms,  keeping 
them  extended  with  the  palms  of  the  hands 
down,  as  you  suck  in  the  air,  so  as  to 
bring  them  over  the  head  just  as  the  lungs 
are  quite  full.  Then  drop  the  thumbs  in- 
ward, and,  after  forcing  the  arms  back- 
ward and  the  chest  open,  reverse  the  pro- 
cess by  which  you  draw  your  breath,  until 
the  lungs  are  empty.  This  process  should 
be  repeated  immediately  after  bathing, 
and  several  times  during  the  day.  It  is 
impossible  to  describe,  to  one  who  has 
never  tried  it,  the  glorious  sense  of  vigor 
which  follows  this  exercise. — Home  and 
Health. 


Why  the  Color  op  Blood  Changes. — 
The  cause  of  the  change  of  color  in  blood 
— darkening  when  exposed  to  carbonic 
acid,  and  brightening  when  under  the  in- 
fluence of  oxygen — is  not  as  yet  thoroughly 
understood.  It  is  thought,  however,  that 
the  red  corpuscles  contained  in  the  blood 
are  rendered  flatter  by  oxygen  gas,  while 
they  are  distended  by  the  aotion  of  car- 
bonic acid.  It  is  not  improbable  that  un- 
der the  former  circumstances  they  may 
reflect  the  light  more  strongly,  and  thus 
give  a  more  distinct  coloration  to  the 
blood  ;  while,  under  the  latter,  they  may 
transmit  more  light,  and  so  allow  the 
blood  to  appear  darker'  and  duller.  Both 
of  these  theories  have  able  advocates. 


Darkness  in  the  Treatment  op  Small- 
Pox. — If  a  patient,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
attack,  be  put  in  a  room  from  which  abso- 
lutely all  light  is  excluded  save  that  of  a 
candle,  the  effect  is  to  arrest  the  disease  in 
the  papular  or  vesicular  stage ;  the  skin 
between  the  vesicles  is  never  inflamed  nor 
swollen;  the  large  scabs  of  matter  never 
form  over  the  face ;  there  is  no  intense 
pain,  and  only  trifling  itching,  and  the 
smell  is  either  very  slight  or  altogether 
wanting. — London  Lancet. 


A  Word  about  Cider. — Alexander  Fre- 
ar,  in  the  Independent,  says:  "For  many 
bilious  complaints,  sour  cider  is  a  specific, 
and  in  such  cases  is  one  of  the  good  things 
to  be  received  with  thanksgiving.  Cider 
guzzlers  are  an  abomination,  but,  if  dys- 
peptics will  take  a  little  with  their  dinner, 
they  will  find  digestion  greatly  aided.  We 
go  in  for  the  manufacture  of  a  good,  pure 
article,  and,  in  the  use  of  it,  to  let  our 
moderation  be  known  to  all  men." 


Oakum  as  a  Dressing  for  Burns. — Mr. 
Robert  L.  Snow  says  of  oakum,  as  a  dress- 
ing for  burns,  that  it  induces  the  healing 
of  extensive  sores  with  remarkable  rapid- 
ity ;  it  induces  healing  action  in  those  indo- 
lent ulcers  that  are  the  result  of  defective 
hygienic  conditions;  it  prevents  all  smell; 
it  is  cheap,  saves  time  and  trouble;  and, 
most  important  of  all,  the  resulting  scars 
do  not  contract. 


It  is  said  that  cod  liver  oil  may  be  taken 
as  agreeably  as  a  sardine,  if  a  small  quan- 
tity of  salt  be  first  placed  on  the  tongue  ; 
and  castor  oil  may  be  made  perfectly  pal- 
atable by  rubbing  two  drops  of  oil  of  cin- 
namon with ,  an  ounce  of  glycerine  and 
adding  to  it  one  ounce  of  the  castor  oil. 


For  Chronic  diarrhea  the  following  is 
said  to  be  very  efficacious,  in  many  case3  : 
put  a  tablespoonful  of  wheat  flour  in  a 
tumbler  of  water,  beat  until  it  foams,  and 
drink  immediately.  If  the  patient  is 
thirsty,-  more  water  may  be  added.  It 
should  be  taken  four  times  a  day  ;  before 
meal  times  and  on  going  to  bed. 

Cure  for  Ingrowing  Nails. — Heat  a 
small  piece  of  tallow  in  an  iron  spoon ; 
drop  two  or  three  drops  between  the  nail 
and  outside  flesh.  It  will  not  be  necessary 
to  repeat  this  if  proper  pains  is  taken  to  so 
apply  this  liquid  cautery  that  it  will  insin- 
uate itself  in  every  interstice  under  the 
nail.     Bepeat,  if  necessary. 

The  Clover  Cancer  Cure. — Dr.  Need- 
ham,  in  the  Journal  of  Materia  Medica,  ad- 
vises the  use  of  the  fluid  extract  of  clover 
in  cancer,  and  from  the  testimony  of  other 
medical  journals  it  would  appear  that  it 
has  a  far  better  claim  than  oundurango  to 
be  considered  a  specific  in  that  disease. 

To  Purify  the  Blood.— A  well  known 
physician  says  that  he  cousiders  the  follow- 
ing prescription  for  purifying  the  blood  as 
the  best  he  has  ever  used:  One  ounce  yel- 
low dock,  one  half  ounce  horseradish,  one 
quart  hard  eider.  Dose,  one  wine-glass 
full  four  times  a  day. 


72 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  3,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Shniob  Editob. 

3DEWEY  «Sc  CO.,  Putollslxers. 

A.  T.  DIWBI,  GEO.  H.  BTBONO, 

W.  B.  BWIB,  WO-  "-  B°0KE- 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  B.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  opposite 
Wells,  gargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advebtjsiho  Bates  — 1  week,   lmontt.    3  months.   1  year. 

Perlins 2t>  .80  S2.00  15.00 

One-h.lfinch $1.00       *3  00  7.60        20.00 

Oneinoh 2.00         6.00  14.00         36.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

SuBSCBimoNS  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4: 
six  months,  $-2  50;  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  onnum.  $5,  in  advance 
Trill  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  per  year,  £1  3s.:  6 
months.  Us.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  insertion.  Is.; 
subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  advertisements  at 
special  rates.  

Sa.ii  Francisoo: 

Saturday   Morning,  Feb.  3,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates. 
Sam  Francisco,  'Wednesday,  January  31,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying  91J4;  selling,  92.    Gold  in  New  Tori 
to-day,  10934.      „^^____^___ 

Table  of  Contents. 


Hallidie's  Wire  Hope-Way*;  Japanese  Water- 
proof Paper ;  Mining  Review  for  1871 65 

Mechanical  Progbess. — Burnt  Iron  and  Burnt 
Steel ;  New  Instrument  for  Measuring  Speed 
at  Sea 67 

Scientific  Progress.— Oxalic  Acid  and  Plants: 
Another  Achievement  of  the  Spectroscope  : 
Patina    of    Bronze 67 

Mining  Summary. — Reports  from  Mines  in  va- 
rious States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stoek 
Reports;  Metal  and  Leather  Markets;  Share- 
holder's Directory 68 — fid 

Artesian  Wells  ;  Singular  Explosions ;  The 
Brunswick  Mill  ;  Artesian  Wells  of  San 
Jose 70 

Useful  Information — Vegetable  Soap;  Electro- 
Plating  ;  Deformed  and  Monstrous  Insects; 
Old  Shoes  ;  Good  Health.  —  Glycerine 
Lymph;  Heartburn;  Expanding  the  Lungs71 

Earnest  Talk  With  Miners  ;  Hints  to  Miners: 
Geological  Museum 72 

Prices  of  Mining  Stocks  During  1871 ;  An 
Improved  Printing  Press*  ;  Loss  by  Abra- 
sion ;  To  White  Pine  Subscribers  ;  Wren's 
Ore  Concentrator 73 

Domestic  Economy. — The  Heating  of  Our 
Houses -.71 

New  Incorporations;  Mining  Accidents;  Minine 
Sales 76 

"Illustrated. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 

Eds.  Pbess  : — Will  you  be  kind  enough, 
to  inform  me  what  is  the  proper  composi- 
tion to  put  into  a  oylinder  to  grease  it. 

A.    B. 

Good  clean  tallow  is  generally  consid- 
ered the  best  lubricant.  Much  of  the  tal- 
low—especially the  cheapest — in  the  mar- 
ket has  more  or  less  acid,  deleterious  to  the 
cylinder,  which  is  put  in  in  "  doctoring  " 
or  manufacturing  the  tallow.  Lard  oil  is 
used  largely  in  locomotives  and  is  increas- 
ing in  general  use  for  steam  cylinders.  In 
the  West  Indies,  cocoa  oil  is  used  withfirst- 
rate  effect.  The  best  lubricant,  however, 
appears  to  differ  with  different  cylinders 
— probably  on  account  of  the  hardness  of 
the  grain  of  the  metal — sometimes  oil  and 
semetimes  tallow  proving  to  be  the  best. 
Instances  are  known  when  neither  operate 
favorably,  in  which  case  the  introduction 
of  plumbago  is  made  with  the  oil  or  tallow. 

'  Two  Yeabs  in  Advance. — Messrs.  Cham- 
berlain and  Chaffee,  of  Garrote,  Tuolumne 
Co. ,  have  taken  the  advantage  of  our  offer 
to  furnish  the  Pbess  for  two  years  for  the 
sum  of  87  in  advance.  They  take  both 
the  Scientific  Pbess  and  the  Pacific 
Bubal  Pbess  on  the  same  terms— Bending 
us  $14.  No  doubt  they  will  read  our 
weekly  issue  with  a  little  extra  satisfaction, 
that  they  are  ahead  of  the  time  in  their 
patronage,  while  such  friendship  and  con- 
fidence placed  in  us  will  certainly  stimu- 
late our  efforts  to  give  them  better  publi- 
cations weekly,  ere  their  subscription 
ends. 


On  File. — Communications  from  "Eagle 
Quill"  and  "L.  B.  H." 


Earnest  Talk  to  Miners. 

IFor  the  Pbess — Br  Ocb  Miner— No.  1.] 
THE  MINING  INTEREST. 
It  is  a  very  remarkable  fact,  that  the 
mining  interests  of  the  Pacific  CoaBt  ex- 
ercise less  influence  over  legislation  than 
any  other  branch  of  productive  industry. 
Manufacturers  are  proteoted  by  tariff 
laws,  capital  is  encouraged  by  partial  im- 
munity from  taxation,  mechanics,  artisans 
and  laborers  in  almost  every  department  of 
industry,  except  mining,  have  had  their 
hours  of  toil  shortened  by  law,  while  the 
mining  interest  appears  to  be  scarcely  con- 
sidered in  either  the  State  or  National  leg- 
islatures. Of  the  oountless  laws  passed 
within  the  past  ten  years,  relating  to  min- 
ing, the  great  majority  were  framed  to  ben- 
efit speculators  and  land  grabbers  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  miners. 

It  cannot  be  fairly  alleged  in  explanation 
of  this  neglect  of  the  mining  interest,  that 
its  importance  is  subordinate  to  that  of 
other  interests  which  are  encouraged  by 
special  legislation  and  other  privileges. 
It  cannot  be  denied  that  the  mining  inter- 
est laid  the  foundation  and  sustains  the 
States  of  California  and  Nevada,  the 
Territories  of  Arizona,  Idaho  and  Montana. 
The  commerce  and  trade  of  these  States 
and  Territories,  now  so  important,  would 
probably  never  have  existed  but  for  the 
development  of  this  interest;  the  great 
transcontinental  railway,  and  the  many 
lines  of  steamers  which  connect  San  Fran- 
cisco with  China,  Japan,  Australia,  Mexico 
and  the  islands  of  the  Pacific,  would  not 
have  been  established  in  our  day  and  gen- 
eration but  for  the  development  of  the  min- 
ing interest. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  enter  into  details  of 
the  benefits  the  people  of  the  whole  Repub- 
lic have  derived  from  the  development  of 
the  mining  interest  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 
It  is  presumed  that  every  intelligent  reader 
will  admit  that  a  department  of  industry, 
which  in  a  little  more  than  twenty  years 
lias  produced  upwards  of  a  thousand  mill- 
ion dollars  worth  of  bullion,  is  of  suffi- 
cient importance  to  obtain  much  more  con- 
sideration from  the  State  and  National 
Governments  than  it  has  received  hereto- 
fore. 

In  view  of  the  efforts  being  made  by 
speculators  to  induce  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment to  sell  in  large  parcels  the  mineral 
lands  of  the  public  domain,  against  the 
wishes  of  the  miners,  it  becomes  a  question 
of  great  importance  to  every  one  connected 
with  the  mining  interest  on  the  Pacific 
Coast,  either  as  owners  of  a  mine,  miner 
or  laborer,  to  ascertain  why  their  wishes 
are  disregarded  and  their  interests  neg- 
lected by  the  State  and  National  legisla- 
tures. An  investigation  of  the  subject  will 
show  that  the  cause  of  this  neglect  springs 
from  a  want  of  unity  of  action  among  the 
mine  owners  and  miners. 

The  census  of  1870  shows  that,  with  the 
exception  of  agriculturists,  the  miners 
form  the  largest  class  of  producers  in  the 
State.  From  what  we  know  of  them,  as  a 
class,  we  feel  certain  that  this  want  of 
unity  and  consequent  loss  of  influence  is 
not  the  result  of  ignorance ;  because  we 
know  that  among  the  ranks  of  the  miners 
of  California  are  gentlemen  of  ripe  schol- 
arship, good  business  capacity,  great  en- 
terprise and  energy,  we  desire  to  call 
their  attention  to  this  very  important  sub- 
ject of  unity  of  action.  We  shall  devote 
our  best  efforts  to  remove  this  cause  of 
degradation  and  neglect  of  the  mining  in- 
terests. For  this  purpose  we  respectfully 
but  earnestly  solicit  the  aid  of  the  miners 
throughout  the  Pacific  States  and  Terri- 
tories to  aid  us  by  their  advice  and 
counsel. 

We  desire  to  obtain  materials  for  fram- 
ing a  correct  estimate  and  representation 
of  the  mining  interest,  which  we  believe 
can  be  best  obtained  through  the  opinions 
of  individuals  who  write  from  their  own 
experience  and  observations. 

We  desire  that  every  person  who  feels 
an  interest  in  this  important  subject  to 
send  us  their  opinion  upon  all  matters  re- 
lating to  the  mining  interest  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  which  we  will  condense  and  embody 
in  a  series  of  articles  which  we  believe 
will  be  of  very  great  advantage  to  that  in- 
terest. 


Hints  to  Miners.— No.  9. 

In  our  lasfenumber  we  promised  to  con- 
tinue the  subject  of 

Cleaning  and  Retorting  Gold  Amalgam, 
and  accordingly  proceed  to  do  so.  When 
the  coarse  fragmonts  of  iron  or  quartz  are 
removed  and  the  quicksilver  feels  homo- 
genous the  sponge  is  again  used  to  remove 
all  the  water.  A  piece  of  soft  unglazed 
paper  is  then  plunged  through  the  mer- 
cury until  it  is  dry.  A  small  piece  of 
blanket  or  flannel  five  or  six  inches  square 
is  then  held  by  two  corners  and  drawn  to- 
ward the  operator,  while  it  is  lying  flat  on 
the  surface  of  the  quicksilver.  This  will 
clear  it  of  the  iron,  which,  by  a  dexter- 
ous turn  of  the  cloth  may  be  removed. 
The  hands  are  again  plunged  in  and  by 
the  agitation,  more  iron  and  sand  comes  to 
the  surface  and  is  taken  off  as  before.  This 
operation  is  repeated  until  the  mercury  is 
perfectly  liquid  and  clean,  and  until  no 
more  impurity  rises  to  the  surface  when 
freshly  agitated. 

The  Quicksilver. 

The  quicksilver  is  then  poured  into  a 
linen  bag  of  the  proper  texture,  Which  re- 
tains most  of  the  amalgam.  By  retorting 
the  mercury  which  passes  through,  the 
balance  may  be  removed.  It  is  not  usu- 
ally thought  best  to  remove  the  last  traces 
of  gold  from  the  quicksilver,  except  in  a 
general  clean  up,  or  after  some  special  run, 
where  it  is  required  to  determine  the  full 
yield  of  a  certain  lot  or  sample  of  rock ; 
for  it  is  found  that  mercury  containing 
some  gold  (when  there  is  no  base  metal 
contained  in  it)  works  much  better  than 
freshly  retorted  and  consequently  pure 
mercury. 

When   the  amalgam  has  drained  suf- 
ficiently, it  must  be  removed  from  the  bag 
and  placed  with  the  comparatively  olean 
amalgam  from  the  copper  plates. 
Squeezing  the  Amalgam. 

To  make  the  cleaning  perfect,  all  the 
amalgam  is  squeezed  in  a  piece  of  cha- 
mois leather  or  cotton  rag,  and  the  hard 
ball  plaoed  in  a  clean  iron  pan  and  broken 
down  with  the  thumb.  By  this  treatment 
it  becomes  soft  and  any  fragments  of  iron 
or  quartz  left  accidentally  in  the  copper- 
plate amalgam  become  disengaged  and 
may  be  removed.  The  whole  of  the  amal- 
gam is  again  squeezed  and  the  process  of 
"breaking  down"  with  the  thumb  repeated, 
until  it  becomes  homogenous  and  hard. 
It  is  then  ready  for  the  retort. 
Retorting. 

The  operation  of  retorting  is  so  simple 
that  it  hardly  requires  a  description,  still 
as  many  inexperienced  persons  may  read 
this,  it  will  be  given. 

For  small  operations,  the  retort  used 
is  a  deep  cast-iron  vessel,  shaped  some- 
what like  a  bowl.  The  top  edge  is  planed 
level  and  upon  this  fits  a  cover  also  planed 
level  and  true,  so  that  when  put  together 
the  two  parts  form  a  perfect  joint.  From 
the  cover,  an  iron  tube  rises  and  bends 
downward  at  an  angle  of  about  20° 
from  the  horizontal.  The  cover  is  fast- 
ened by  a  clamp  and  set  screw.  A  mix- 
ture of  wood  ashes  and  clay  is  prepared  by 
making  them  into  a  thick  paste  with  water. 
When  all  is  ready,  the  balls  of  amalgam 
are  placed  in  the  bowl,  the  mixture  of 
ashes  is  put  thickly  around  the  edge;  the 
cover  is  fitted,  clamp  adjusted,  and  the 
whole  firmly  fixed  by  means  of  the  set 
screw;  all  the  superfluous  luting  is  re- 
moved and  the  retort  placed  in  a  furnace 
over  a  moderate  fire.  The  end  of  the  pipe 
must  dip  just  below  the  surface  of  water, 
placed  in  any  convenient  vessel;  if  the  fire 
is  kept  well  under  control  there  will  be  no 
necessity  of  cooling  the  pipe.  It  some- 
times happens  that  when  the  amalgam  has 
been  imperfectly  cleaned  that  the  gold 
will  stick  to  the  retort;  this  may  be  obvi- 
ated by  chalking  the  interior  of  the  retort 
or  putting  a  piece  of  oommon  writing  pa- 


per under  the  ball.  However,  when  the 
amalgam  is  clean  and  free  from  baseness,  it 
will  come  out  easily. 

A  Convenient  Method. 

A  very  convenient  way  to  retort  is,  to 
drive  two  stakes  into  the  ground  and  to 
fasten  a  small  iron  rod  to  each  at  a  conveni- 
ent hight.  Upon  this  the  retort  is  hung, 
and .  around  it  a  fire  of  small  wood  is 
built. 

When  the  retort  has  attained  a  dull  red 
heat,  and  no  more  mercury  distils  over, 
the  fire  is  put  out  and  the  retort  allowed  to 
oool;  the  cover  is  taken  off  and  the  bullion 
removed.  It  will  be  found  to  be  metallic 
in  appearance  and  of  a  gold  color.  It  is 
ready  for  the  melting  pot  as  soon  as  taken 
out. 

Caution  in  Opening  the  Retort. 

It  is  never  safe  to  open  the  retort  before 
it  is  cool,  nor  will  it  stand  being  cooled  in 
water.  Many  persons  have  done  them- 
selves great  injury  in  their  impatience  to 
see  the  result  of  an  important  run  by  open- 
ing the  hot  retort  and.inhaling  the  poison- 
ous mercurial  fumes. 

Retorting  Ouicksilver  Alone. 

When  it  is  required  to  retort  quicksilver, 
the  retort  is  used  in  the  same  way  as  amal- 
gam, with  this  exception;  a  handful  of 
shingle  nails  is  placed  on  the  surface  of 
the  mercury  which  prevents  any  violent 
ebullition  of  the  metal. 

In  all  quartz  mills  there  should  be  a 
small  room  expressly  for  the  amalgama- 
tor where  the  amalgam  should  be  taken 
for  treatment.  It  should  be  furnished 
with  a  strong  trough.  Just  above  the  wa- 
ter, a  shelf  should  be  placed  upon  which  to 
set  the  pan  while  cleaning  the  amalgam. 
Any  quicksilver  accidentally  spilled  while 
washing  may  be  removed  at  any  time  by 
drawing  off  the  water.  The  trough  should 
be  furnished  with  a  hydrant,  which  should 
furnish  an  abundant  supply  of  water. 

Geological  Museum. 

Mr.  Henry  G.  Hanks,  the  assayer,  whoBe 
fine  collections  of  minerals  at  the  late  Me  • 
chanics'  Institute  Fair  attracted  so  much 
attention,  has  established  a  claim  on  the 
gratitude  of  the  mining  community  by 
giving  free  access  to  his  collection.  He 
has  gone  to  considerable  expense  and 
trouble  in  fitting  up  a  large  room  with  fine 
cabinets  and  cases  in  which  the  numerous 
minerals,  fossils,  etc. ,  are  placed  and  appro- 
priately labelled.  Mr.  Hanks,  while  fol- 
lowing his  business  of  assayer,  chemist  and 
teacher,  during  a  long  residence  in  this 
State,  has  labored  assiduously  and  success- 
fully in  collecting  specimens  of  the  various 
ores,  etc.,  from  different  parts  of  the  world, 
and  now  has  a  rare  and  valuable  collection. 

Differing  from  the  general  custom  of 
collectors,  Mr.  Hanks  has  kindly  thrown 
open  his  doors  to  the  general  public  and 
cordially  invites  both  residents  and  visitors 
to  the  city  to  call  and  see  his  specimens. 
Miners,  tourists,  school  children  (  accom- 
panied by  their  teachers )  have  free  access 
to  the  museum  at  all  times.  All  young 
men  and  old  ones,  too,  who  are  interested 
in  geology  and  mineralogy  and  who  are 
desirous  of  perfecting  themselves  in  the 
knowledge  of  judging  the  character  of 
ores  will  find  this  an  excellent  opportu- 
nity of  which  to  avail  themselves.  More 
can  be  learned  in  one  hour  by  examining 
these  correctly  labelled  specimens  than  by 
poring  over  some  technical  work  for  a 
month.  Miners  from  the  interior  who 
wish  to  see  the  diversified  character  of  the 
ores  of  the  Pacific  slope  have  here  a  chance 
to  do  so.  In  a  short  time  free  of  cost  they 
can  acquire  a  better  knowledge  of  the 
different  ores  and  minerals  than  could  be 
gained  by  traveling  among  the  mines  for 
years. 

The  collection  is  too  varied  to  admit  of 
any  special  mention,  but  we  hope  all  of 
our  friends  in  the  interior  will  bear  in 
mind  to  call  and  see  it  during  their  visit 
to  town.  We  are  sure  from  our  acquaint- 
ance with  Mr.  Hanks  that  they  will  be  re- 
ceived politely  and  every  facility  given 
them  for  minute  observation.  The  mu- 
seum is  situated  at  No.  649  Clay  street, 
between  Montgomery  and  Kearny. 


February  3,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


73 


The  Highest  and  Lowest  Prices  of 
Mining  Stocks  During  1871. 

The  fluctuate  >n  of  mining  stocks  is  proverbi- 
ally great,  and  iu  order  that  our  readers  may 
see  the  difference  that  has  existed  at  different 
times  daring  the  year,  we  give  below  the  highest 
and  lowest  prices  with  the  time  of  occurrence,  of 
the  more  prominent  mines  dealt  in  at  tli>  Ban 
FraucUeo  Stock  Board. 

Alpha  was  highest  in  September  and  Ootoh  r, 
$20,  lowest  in  January, 

Amador  5100  in  April,  $265  iu  August. 

r  M50  in  I  ii  I :■ ,  in  January. 

Choll  10  in  April,  *27  in  Bept 

Poinl  (470  in  December,  S15%  in  Jan. 

Cons.  Virginia  $183»  in  April,  $1-.  in  Feb. 

Dani-v  $19J  her,  f  -"  J  in  January. 

■  In  November,  S71,  in  Jim. 

Eureka  $386  in  January,  H-n  in  August 

Empire  Mill  (26  in  May,  $1  in  April. 

Gould  A-  I'urrv  Sl7s  in  June,  fin  in  March. 

Golden  Ohariol  ?s",  in  Feb.,  $r.,  in  Nov. 

Hale  .V  Horaroaa  $1  15  in  July,  s51  in  April. 

Ida  Bhnore  *20J  J  in  December,  $2  in  Not. 

[mperial  |86  in  May,  83%  in  September, 

Mammoth  BO  eents  in  March  and  October, 
22  cents  iu  February, 

Meadow  Valley  $:Myt  in  November,  $13J^  in 
March. 

OphirSM'i;  in  December,  S31;  in  January, 
inal  Hidden  Treasure  $12',  in  June,  S3 
in  February. 

Overman  $41  in  Aug.,  $2  in  Jan.  and  Feb. 

Raymond  A  Illy  $150  in  October,  15  iu  Jan. 
and  July. 

Savage  $80  in  Maroh,  j:S3'in  August. 

Segregated  Belcher  $15  In  October,  S1JJ  in 
January  and  February. 

Bierra  Nevada  $33  in  December,  $3  iu  Aug. 

St.  Patrick  $55  in  May,  $20  in  September. 

\  ■  How  Jacket  $80  in  March,  $8%  in  Dec. 

Pioche  $28  Ji  in  September,  $4  in  December. 

Washington  &  Creole  $8%  in  September,  $4 
in  November, 


Marysvtlle  Foundry. — This  well  known 
foundry,  which  turns  out  a  good  share  of 
the  best  mining  machinery  on  the  Coast, 
being  in  a  favorable  location  for  that  work. 
has  its  advantages  further  increased  by  the 
addition  of  a  new  partner  to  the  firm.  Mr. 
W.  E.  Eckart,  who  has  been  successful  as 
an  engineer,  superintendent  and  drafts- 
man on  this  Coast,  and  whose  name  is  con- 
nected with  the  well  known  Scott  and 
Eckart  cut-off  engine,  has  entered  the 
establishment  as  one  of  its  proprietors. 
Messrs.  Prescott  &  Scheidel  are  well  known 
men  in  their  line  of  business,  and  we  are 
certain  that  with  their  accomplished  as- 
sistant, Mr.  Eckart,  in  their  firm,  their 
business  will  be  increased  still  more  to 
the  satisfaction  of  themselves  and  patrons. 
Making  a  wide  range  of  mining,  farming 
and  other  machinery  suitable  to  the  times 
and  locality,  this  pioneer  establishment 
has,  we  believe,  suffered  less  from  contin- 
ued dull  times,  than  any  other  foundry  in 
the  State  of  equal  size  and  importance. 
We  should  like  a  report  from  month  to 
month  of  the  work  the  new  firm  turns  out, 
as  it  surely  indicates  more  or  less  of  the' 
thrift  and  industry  of  various  and  import- 
ant sections  of  the  interior. 


The  Snow  Blockades. — 'Overland  travel 
has  been  seriously  impeded  this  winter  by 
some  blockades,  and  the  one  now  existing 
on  the  Union  Pacific  is  rather  serious.  We 
hear  continually  of  snow-bound  trains, 
heavy  storms,  dissatisfied  passengers,  de- 
layed mails,  etc.  A  good  deal  of  valuable 
freight  is  lying  at  different  points  on  the 
route  and  provisions  and  fuel  are  becom- 
ing scarce,  not  only  on  the  trains  but  also 
at  the  different  stations  along  the  road. 
The  mails  for  this  city  are  some  nine 
days  behind  time  and  nobody  knows  when 
they  will  arrive.  This  puts  business  men 
and  everybody  else  to  considerable  incon- 
venience, but  it  cannot  be  helped.  We 
have  become  so  used  to  the  morning  mail 
from  the  East  that  we  have  almost  for- 
gotten the  days  when  it  came  by  steamer 
and  was  so  long  on  the  way. 

Lumber  Drying  Apparatus. — Messrs. 
Lord  &  Hall  have  utilized  the  escape  steam 
at  Vesler's  sawmill,  Puget  Sound,  by  turn- 
ing it  into  an  air-tight  chest  made  for  the 
purpose  of  drying  lumber.  The  Dispatch 
says  that  the  experiment  works  well,  and 
that  lumber  can  be  taken  from  the  log  and 
thoroughly  dried  by  this  process  in  forty- 
eight  hours. 


An  Improved  Printing  Press. 

There  is  no  department  of  mechanical 
construction  in  which  more  ingenuity  has 
been  exercised  or  more  progress  made, 
than  in  the  construction  of  printingpresses. 
The  illustration  which  is  herewith  given 
represents  one  of  the  most  approved 
machines  for  all  classes  of  job  work,  and 
is  known  as  the  ' '  Globe  Press,"  of 
which  there  are  thrco  sizes  manufactured. 
The  sheets  are  placed  upon  the  platen, 
opposite  to,  and  incliued  from,  the 
bed  in  front  of  the  pressman,  whoso  posi- 
tion can  be  apprehended  by  observing,  that 
the  foot  rests  on  the  treadle.  The  bed  of 
the  pross  upon  whioh  the  type  are  fastened, 
shows  the  word  Globe  in  the  form  in  this 
representation.  The  type  are  inked  by 
the  passage  over  them  of  the  rollers,  seen 
in  the  engraving  at  the  point  of  distribu- 
tion, on  the  inking  cylinder.  The  action 
of  tho  press  is  ontirely  automatic,  the 
power  being  given  by  the  foot  on  the 
treadle  or  by  a  belt  to  a  driving  wheel. 
The  presses  of  this  kind  are  now  for  the 
first  time  received  in  this  oity,  by  the 
California  Type  Co.,  of  which  Mr.  Geo. 
L.  Faulkner  is  agent.  They  are  consid- 
ered a  deoided  improvement  in  several  re- 
spects on  maohines  of  this  pattern   which 


Loss  by  Abrasion. — The  milled  edges  of 
our  coin  causes  more  loss  in  weight  from 
abrasion  than  is  generally  supposed.  We 
frequently  meet  with  a  piece  of  coin,  the 
edges  of  which  has  become  smooth  by  use  ; 
but  unless  it  is  refused  by  some  prudent 
storekeeper  in  exchange  for  goods,  little 
attention  is  paid  to  it.  The  government 
is  tho  loser.  Julius  Jeffreys,  F.  E.  S., 
says  that  a  single  bank  has  lost  £7,000  in 
one  year  by  light  gold  through  abrasion , 
and  thinks  a  good  deal  is  duo,  to  tho  steel 
edges  of  the  banker's  shovels.  On  one 
occasion  when  entering  tho  Bank  of  Eng- 
glaod  he  was  struck  by  the  glittering  as- 
pect of  the  whole  conutor,  upon  which  the 
sun  was  shining.  Myriads  of  particles  of 
gold  were  reflecting  the  sunlight  to  the 
eye.  It  was  manifest  that  these  particles 
had  boon  struck  oil'  from  the  sovereigns 
which  had  changed  hands  over  the  counter 
that  day,  and  mainly  by  the  sharp  steel 
edges  of  the  shovels  in  each  endeavor  to 
undormiue  the  coins.  It  was  also  plain 
that  in  the  mutual  friction  of  tho  coins  the 
milled  edges  must  do  the  work  of  mutual 
raspings  as  effectually  as  any  form  that 
could  be  chosen  with  that  design. 

To  White  Pine  Subscbibees. — We  have  re- 
ceived the  positive  assertion  that  a  certain  post- 


AN     IMPROVED     PRINTING     PRESS. 


have  heretofore  been  known  to  the  craft 
in  the  United  States.  The  enterprising 
manufacturers  have  been  for  some  time 
industriously  at  work  to  remedy  the  de- 
fects which  experience  had  shown  to  exist 
in  the  early  presses  of  this  pattern,  and 
now,  while  all  the  good  features  are  re- 
tained, and  some  new  ones  added,  they 
are  building  a  press  that  is  pronounced 
much  more  simple  and  compact  than  form- 
erly, and  quite  as  strong  and  durable, 
and  fully  equal  iu  ornamental  design  and 
finish,  to  any  press  in  the  market. 
Round's  Printers'  Cabinet,  standard  author- 
ity in  these  matters,  says  that  "experienced 
pressmen  now  pronounce  them  equal  in  all 
respects  to  any  press  made,  while  the  pe- 
culiar features  for  which  they  are  particu- 
larly noted,  commend  them  to  many  as 
decidedly  superior. 

Some  of  the  advantages  of  this  press 
consist  in  throwing  off  th9  impression  at 
will  ;  the  accessible  vertical  position  of  the 
bed  in  plain  view  of  the  operator  ;  the  long 
period  of  "  rest"  of  the  platen,  favoring  a 
careful  laying  of  the  sheets  ;  detention  at 
will  of  vibrating  rollers  on  an  unusually 
large  distributing  cylinder  ;  a  simple  and 
quick  fastening  and  releasing  the  chase  ; 
easy  and  precise  adjustment  of  the  grippers, 
while  placed  flat  on  the  tympan  sheet,  and 
the  impression  arms  which  grasp  the  yoke 
of  the  platen  and  with  a  gentle  pull  giving 
the  impression  with  a  dwell  quite  prefer- 
able to  that  obtained  by  the  crank  motion 
of  other  presses. 


master  iu  White  Pine  county,  Nevada,  has  as- 
serted that  the  goodly  numbers  of  copies  of  the 
Scientific  Press  sent  to  thatpost-ofiiceare  "in 
the  way;"  that  he  delivers  copies  to  whoever 
calls  for  them  "regardless  of  names;"  that  he 
gave  "a  batch  of  them  to  a  miner  from  a  cer- 
tain canon  who  wanted  some  reading  matter;" 
that  be  has  upon  an  occasion  said:  "Some  one 
has  robbed  the  office  of  all  the  Scientific 
Pbesses  it  contained,  etc.  Now  if  these  are 
facts,  we  think  the  aforesaid  postmaster  will 
recognize  this  article,  if  some  subscriber  will  pre- 
sent him  a  marked  paper;  if  that  don't  do  him 
any  good,  we  will  show  it  to  the  Postal  Agent 
for  this  Coast,  with  names  of  person  and  place. 
If  there  are  any  other  like  postmasters  to  whom 
respectable  newspapers  are  "in  the  way,"  we 
hope  our  subscribers  will  report  them.  Post- 
masters generally  are  very  obliging  to  our  sub- 
scribers, and  we  know  our  interests  are  mu- 
tual. Although  a  freely  abused  class  of  offi- 
cers, we  know  that  most  of  them  are  very  wor- 
thy and  obliging.  It  is  really  for  their  interest 
to  be  so.  The  particular  post-office  alluded  to 
above  was  formerly  complained  of  for  having  a 
"grab-box"  in  which  all  the  newspapers  were 
put,  and  subscribers  were  obliged  to  help  them- 
selves to  their  papers  out  of  it — if  they  could 
find  them.  That  style  of  "keeping  post-office" 
has  ceased  in  California,  and  ought  to  be  abol- 
ished in  Nevada — if  it  isn't. 


General  Lee  Consolidated. — It  is  re- 
ported that  this  mine,  located  in  Eureka 
District,  has  changed  owners  at  large  fig- 
ures, the  principal  purchasers  being  J.  B. 
Haggin,  Lloyd  Tevis,  Geo.  Hearst  and 
Henry  A.  Fox,  all  of  this  eity.  Extensive 
improvements  are  contemplated. 


Wren's  Ore  Concentrator. 

Our  readers  will  naturally  look  with  in- 
terest to  anything  that  promises  improve- 
ments in  the  mode  of  working  silver  ores, 
and  their  attention  is  directed  to  the  fol- 
lowing notice  of  the  improved  concentra- 
tor of  Mr.  Thos.  Wren,  which  appears  iu 
the  Eeese  Eiver  Reveille  of  a  late  date: 

This  new  and  so  far  successful  invention 
has.aftor  provoking  delays  and  innumerable 
obstacles,  been  set  at  work  in  good  earnest. 

The  machinery  consists  of  a  twelve-horse 
power  engine;  a  Wheeler's  crusher  of  the 
largest  size;  a  revolving  screen,  set  at  a 
slight  angle,  open  at  both  ends,  the  upper 
and  greater  part  of  the  screen  covered  with 
a  No.  CO  wire  screen  or  sieve,  the  lower 
lesser  part  with  a  coarse  sieve;  and  the 
necessary  appurtenances,  running  gear, 
etc.,  for  tho  whole. 

The  process  is  simple,  though  entirely 
scientific.  Tho  rock,  after  being  thor- 
oughly dried  in  the  kiln,  is  fed  into  the 
crusher,  whence,  by  means  of  a  spout,  it  is 
conducted  aud  fed  into  the  upper  end  of 
the  revolving  screen.  The  pulp  passes 
through  the  fine  screen,  while  the  wasto 
passes  through  the  coarse  screen.  The 
pieces  of  rock  too  large  to  pass  through 
either  sieve  of  the  screen  are  discharged  at 
the  lower  open  end. 

The  rock  discharged  through  the  end  of 
the  screen  is  oarried  by  an  elevator  back  to 
and  passed  through  the  crusher  and  screen. 
By  these  means  low-grade  ores,  which 
have  heretofore  been  worthless  on  account 
of  the  cost  of  milling,  can  be  worked  at  a 
profit.  The  expense  of  running  the  works 
are:  one  engineer,  one  man  to  feed  the 
crusher,  one  man  to  tend  the  drying  kiln, 
and  one  cord  of  wood  per  day.  The  capac- 
ity of  the  apparatus  will  probably  be  con- 
sidered over  20  tons  for  a  working  day  of 
ten  hours.  The  principle  of  working  this 
exceedingly  cheap  and  simple  apparatus  is 
this:  Mineral-bearing  rock  is  friable  at 
those  parts  containing  the  mineral — there- 
fore it  is  the  more  easily  fractured  at  that 
point.  The  crusher  has  both  a  crushing 
and  a  grinding  motion;  the  rock  being 
broken  into  small  pieces  exposes  its  min- 
eral surfaces,  which,  grinding  against  each 
other,  is  disintegrated  from  the  gangue; 
and,  being  in  fine  particles,  is  passed 
through  the  screen  in  the  form  of  pulp. 
It  is  then  further  concentrated  by  means 
of  water,  the  fine  particles  of  granite, 
quartz  and  sand  being  washed  off. 

We  have  not  room  at  present  for  a  more 
detailed  statement ;  but  any  millman  or 
mechanic  will  be  able  to  see  at  a  glance 
the  principle  of  the  invention. 

It  is  now  running  on  the  old  waste  dump 
of  the  Savage  mine.  The  dump  is  largely 
mixed  with  granite  or  clay  and  will  aver- 
age about  $25  per  ton  as  it  lies.  From 
this  comparatively  worthless  grade  of  ore 
three  tons  are  reduced  to  about  one  ton  of 
pulp,  assaying  fully  $60,  the  residue  as- 
saying about  $5  per  ton.  The  $60  pulp  is 
then  further  reduced  by  water  to  an 
amount  assaying  at  the  rate  of  $150. 

New  Mining  Law. — The  telegraph  in- 
forms us  that  the  Legislature  of  Utah  has 
under  consideration  a  new  mining  law  for 
that  Territory.  It  provides  that  in  order 
to  hold  claims,  $50  worth  of  work  shall  be 
performed  for  every  200  feet  looated,  and 
for  every  tunnel  site,  $500  worth  of  work 
must  be  done.  All  locations  and  transfers 
must  be  receorded  in  the  County  Eecord- 
er's  office  of  the  respective  counties,  loca- 
tors to  hold  their  claims  as  real  estate.  It 
is  said  that  the  miners  are  strongly  op- 
posed to  the  bill. 

Coal  Mines  on  Fire. — We  understand 
that  the  Bellingham  Bay  Coal  mines  are 
in  danger  of  being  destroyed  by  fire.  It 
has  been  smouldering  for  some  time,  but 
has  recently  got  beyond  control  and  threat- 
ens to  consume  the  whole  seam.  A  few 
days  ago  the  flames  drove  out  the  work- 
men, and  it  is  now  suggested  to  deluge  the 
mine  in  order  to  save  the  workings  from 
destruction. 


Beceived,  from  Gov.  Potts,  of  Montana,  the 
Report  of  the  Auditor  and  Treasurer  of  that 
Territory,  for  the  years  1870-71.  As  an  encour- 
agement to  stock-raisers,  which  he  thinks  in 
the  future  will  be  one  of  the  strongest  depend- 
ences for  the  revenue  of  the  territory  the  Audi- 
tor recommends  that  all  thoroughbred  stock 
brought  into  the  territory  be  exempt  from  as- 
sessment and  taxation  for  the  first  year. 


74 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  3,  1872. 


Domestic 


conomy. 


The  Heating  of  Our  Houses. 

Entering  the  door  of  one  of  our  "com- 
fortable" modern  houses,  what  meets  us  ? 
A;puff  of  scorched  air  from  a  register,  red- 
olent of  burning  iron — or  of  boiled  air 
from  a  steam  heater.  The  thermometer  is 
standing  at  about  744°.  We  advance  to  the 
parlor.  There  matters  are  even  -worse,  for 
no  outside  cold  has  entered  with  momen- 
tary freshness.  The  plants  in  the  window 
look  yellow  and  forlorn.  Ominous  cracks 
are  visible  here  and  there  in  the  furniture 
— nay,  a  strip  of  ornamental  veneer  has  ac- 
tually split  off  from  the  piano  and  lies  on 
the  carpet.  Our  hostess,  coming  forward 
to  greet  us,  is  wrapped  in  a  little  shawl, 
and  remarks  thatitisanawfuldayjthat  she 
hasn't  been  out,  of  course,  but  even  in  the 
warm  house  has  felt  the  cold.  In  effect, 
she  looks  blue  and  pinched.  "Whereat  we 
wonder,  for  the  room  feels  insufferably 
hot;  but  we  place  ourselves  beside  her 
where  she  sits  cowering  over  the  register, 
and  conversation  goes  on  with  what  spirit 
it  may  under  these  circumstances. 

At  the  end  of  an  hour  we  are  surprised 
to  find  ourselves  a  little  chilly.  That  is, 
our  head  is  hot  enough — a  little  too  hot, 
perhaps — but  both  hands  and  feet  are  cold, 
and  we  are  inclined  to  agree  with  our 
friend  when  she  opines  that  "the  girl"  must 
have  let  the  fire  go  down.  But  glancing 
at  the  thermometer,  we  stare  to  see  that 
the  mercury  has  risen  instead  of  falling. 
It  is  now  at  80°.  And,  after  all,  why 
should  we  woDder?  Nature  is  inevitable 
in  her  retributions,  and  we,  no  less  than 
the  poor  geranium  in  the  window,  must 
suffer  the  penalty  of  a  deranged  circula- 
tion when  we  violate  her  laws  of  tempera- 
ture. 

Bad  enough,  if  this  were  all!  One  can 
live  and  be  useful  under  the  trifling  dis- 
comfort of  co'.d  extremities,  as  our  worthy 
forefathers  sufficiently  proved.  But  how 
much  of  life  and  of  life's  best  energies,  of 
thought,  of  wit,  of  good-humor,  of  aspira- 
tion, goes  down  through  those  holes  in  the 
floor  into  neither  silence?  As  from  some 
Kobold's  cave,  the  invisible  gnomes  of  the 
furnace  climb,  emerge,  and  steal  from  us 
the  choicest,  finest,  most  intangible  part 
of  ourselves.  No  man  ever  lived  and 
worked  his  best  in  a  room  heated  over 
68° — a  sentence  we  should  like  to  engrave 
in  letters  of  gold  on  the  iron  plate  of  every 
register  and  the  front  of  every  steam  heat- 
er in  the  land  from  this  day  forth  and 
forever. — Scribner. 


Bemnants  of  Food. — A  dish  that  has  no 
more  than  the  appearance  of  palatableness 
has  at  least  as  much  to  recommend  it. 
Nicety  of  appearance  is  inexpensive  and 
within  the  reach  of  the  humblest.  We 
have  in  mind  special  reference  to  the 
serving  of  the  remnants  of  food,  which, 
above  all  dishes,  require  dainty  arrange- 
ment. If  cold  meat  is  to  be  served,  it 
should  be  thinly  sliced  and  laid  on  a  clean 
platter.  Bemnants  of  food  should  never 
be  put  away  in  gravy,  if  intended  to  be 
eaten  oold.  Warmed-up  vegetables,  stewed 
fruits,  sauces,  puddings,  etc.,  should  ap- 
pear on  the  table  in  clean  dishes,  and  not 
in  the  dish  they  were  sent  from  the  table 
in,  unless  cleaned.  Some  housewives  send 
warmed-up  food  to  the  table  in  the  same 
dish  in  which  they  were  warmed,  which 
is  always  untidy.  A  dish  which  is  pre- 
sentable at  table  should  not  be  subjected 
to  the  heat  required  in  cookery,  excepting, 
of  course,  pie  and  pudding  dishes. 

Staboh  Polish. — Take  common  dry  po- 
tato or  wheat  starch  sufficient  to  make  a 
pint  of  starch  when  boiled.  Then  add 
half  a  drachm  of  spermaceti,  and  add  half 
drachm  of  white  wax,  and  then  use  it  as 
common  starch,  only  using  the  iron  as  hot 
as  possible.  In  this  manner  a  brilliant 
polish  is  produced.  Epsom  salts  have  also 
been  recommended  for  use  in  starch.  To 
each  bowl  of  starch  add  one  teaspoonful 
of  Epsom  salts,  and  dissolve  in  the  usual 
way  by  boiling.  Articles  starched  with 
this  it  is  said  will  be  stiffer  and  will  be 
rendered  to  a  certain  degree  fire-proof. 

Sweet  Potato  Balls.—  First  boil  the 
potatoes,  then  carefully  mash  the  farina- 
ceous part.  Boil  in  the  meantime  a  pint 
of  milk,  put  in  some  lemon  peel,  a  couple 
of  small  lumps  of  sugar  and  a  little  of 
salt.  When  the  milk  boils,  take  it  off  the 
fire  and  add  -the  potatoes,  so  as  to  form  a 
paste,  or  rather  a  tolerable  thick  mush. 
When  cool,  make  it  into  balls;  cover  these 
with  crumbs  of  bread  and  yolk  of  egg. 
Pry  these  to  a  nice  brown  color  and  serve 
them  up  with  sugar  stewed  over  them. 


THE    RISSr>01V 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    pF    WORKS: 
Corner  of  Jtteale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  {Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed i0  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Klrectoi'H: 
Wm.Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR, President. 

C.  E.  MoLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Seoretary. 

94vl7-nv 

OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &  BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  mating  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.         '  3v24-3in 

CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  first  street,  opposite  Sllnnu, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  andSteamboat  Bollsand 
Goncsof  superiortone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
iraullc  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
as-  PRICES  MODERATE.  SB 
J.   IL  WEED*  V.  KINGWELL. 

THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  betwoen  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

LIGHT  AXB  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine   Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  Sam  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Casting's  of  all  kinds. 

7v23tf  I.  L.  MORTLHRAP,  President. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

Jo.   814    CALIFORNIA.    STREET, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  nave  constantly  on  hand 
SPOUTING, 

MINING, 

And    BLiA-STITSTG 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FKOM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for  the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blabtin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 


Important    to    Miners- 

FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  QuicJcsilver, 
For  particulars  address 
"WATETtS  «Sc  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24-3in 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

109  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Oombinatioii  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 

12vS3-3m  J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps, 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  OP  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC   GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  614  Washington  street,  SAN  FHANOISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayer6, 
Ohemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

—AND— 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  Bince 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

"WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances— L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp, 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  WeightB—  Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  "Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting.  •    ■ 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scarifi- 
ers, Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Saud)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware -  a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS   AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottleB,  commercially  and  chemi- 
cally pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  ABhes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s, 
B^"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Graius  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

Tliese  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  -to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows; 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  aregular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Sellers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  axe  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setters 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


GOLD-SAVING 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOR   MINERS   AND   MTTl   MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Platine'Works,  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 

Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  a.  DENNISTON,  Proprietor. 
24v22-3m 


THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOVE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

"WILLIAM    FKIEL,    Manufacturer^ 

No.  69  and  71  Fourth  street,  8.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.    Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.    County  Rights  for  sale. 

10v23-Cm 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGAN'S  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30),  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HALLIDIE,  51S  Front  street,  S.  F. 


THE  BEST  PERIODICALS  OF  THE  DAY. 

THE    GBEAT 

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count, a  copy  gratis  will  be  allowed  to  the  getter-up  of 
the  club. 

FRE  MIT7  AC  S. 

New  subscribers  for  the  year  1872  may  have,  without 
charge,  the  number  for  the  last  quarter  of  1871  of  such 
periodicals  as  they  may  subscribe  for. 

Or  instead  of  the  above,  new  subscribers  to  any  two, 
three,  or  four  of  the  above  periodicals,  may  have,  as 
premium,  one  of  the  '  Four  Reviews'  for  1871;  subscrib- 
ers to  all  fivo  may  have  two  of  the  *  Four  Reviews'  for 
1871.  Neither  premiums  to  subscribers  nor  discount  to 
clubs  can  be  allowed  unless  the  money  is  remitted  di- 
rect to  the  publishers.  No  premiums  can  be  given  to 
clubs. 

To  secure  premiums,  it  will  be  necessary  to  make 
early  application,  aB  the  stock  available  for  that  purpose 
is  limited. 

Circulars  with  further  particulars  may  be  had  on  ap- 
plication. 

THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO., 

140  Fulton  street,  New  York. 
THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO.  also  publish 

THE    FARMER'S    GUIDE 

To  Scientific  and  Practical  Agriculture, 
By  Henry  Stephenb.F.  R.  S.,  Edinburgh,  and  the  late 
J.  P.  Norton,  Professor  of   Scientific  Agriculture  in 
Yale  College.  New  Haven. 

Two  vols.  Royal  Octavo.  1600  pages  and  numerous 
engravingB.    Price,  $7;  by  mail,  post  paid,  $8.      3v24sa 

H.    &   L.    AXLE    GREASE. 

The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  caUed  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  years,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  thiB  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to 

KEDTJCIE  THE  PRI0TI0H  ON  AXLES, 

And  thus  Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 
Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H.  &  L.  AXLE 
GREASE  oan  be  obtained  by  consumers  AT  AS  LOW  AE- 
RATE as  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being 
forced  upon  the  market, 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT 

Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the 

H.    &    X..    AXLK    GREASE. 

See  that  the  brand  H.  &  L.  is  on  the  red  cover  of  the 
package,  and  take  no  other. 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT, 

Manufacturers  and  Sole  Proprietors. 


Factory,  145  Natoma  street, 
Depot,  320  Jackson  Btrect, 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 
8v24-eowr 


SHEET    If&OlV    PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on.  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

B=?~  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


MINERS,  ATTENTION! 

MINERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  ARE  HEREBY 
cautioned  against  Making,  Buying,  Selling  or  Using, 
what  is  known  as  R.R.  &  J.  CRAIG'S  NEW  AND  IM- 
PROVED HYDRAULIC  JOINT  OR  NOZZLE,  as  the 
same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  un- 
dersigned secured  by  Letters  Patent  No.  108,658,  dated 
Oct.  25th,  1870,  known  as  Watson's  "  Hydraulio  Cham- 
pion," and  all  parties  participating  in  such  infringe- 
ment will  be  rigorously  prosecuted. 

THOMAS  WATSON, 
Proprietor  of  Watson's  Hydraulic  Champion. 

Dated  Nevada  City,  Jan.  2d,  1872.  2v24-lm 


A.  J.  SMITH, 
PLUMBER, 

— AND — 

Manufacturer  of  Pumps  and  "Water  Closets, 

No.  220  Fremont  street,  opposite  Fulton  and  JEtna 

Jr-on  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

18v23-8m 


February  3,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


75 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BEOWKE, 

Oflleo,  >'o.  •  !.">  >IinilK<uiu'i-y  Blocks 

Han  Fuakcmco.  Cal. 

Spectacles   My  Specialty. 


0.  MILLER.  Optician. 
90S  Montgomery  Direct,  Ruai*  Blook. 


JOHN   SOAOH,  Optioian, 

Ha*  removed  tr-.m   bZl  Montgomery  atroot  to 

54  O  Wu»hluirtoB  iti-vet, 

BMtof  Montgomery. 

Surveying  Instrument*  male,  repaired  And  adjusted 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 


SURGEON. 
No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Farmers  and  Mechanics 
BANK    OF    WAVING] S, 

No.  -"--".  Mun.ume  Street. 

Inlaro.t  palj  on  Deposits.    Honey  Loaned  on  Kcat  Estate 
■I.   BUTTON,  President. 
UEO.  M   CONDEE   Caahler.  lSvlejm 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  Wood  Turner,  and 

SCItol.I,     SA/WYEIt, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Francisco. 

And  No.  9  qst.,  bet.  First  and  Socond, 
9lT28>tf  Badummo. 


VM.  BARTLIKC.  MKMiT    KIMBALL. 

BARTLTNQ  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Eulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

0O5  Cluy  street,  (southweKt  cor.  Sansome), 
I5vl2  In.  BAN  FRANCISCO, 


8A.1V    FRANCISCO 

COEDA6  E_C  O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Lino  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  Blze  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBB8  &CO.,Agontg, 

26  611  and  C13  Front  street. 


JOSEPH    GILLOTT'S 

STEEL     FEISTS. 
Sold  by  all  DcrtlorH  1hr.»mtlnmt -  tlio  Worlrl. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

8  E  Jk.  X^     E  TV  G  K,  JL  "V  E  1R  f 

AND  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Bra«a  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  008  Sacramento  street. 
Ban  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

This  Favorite  House  is  located  on  Jackson  Htreet,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery;  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.  The  International  Coach  will 
be  at  each  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In- 
ternational Hotel,  to  convey  paBsengerB  to  the  Hotel 
fuee,  and  to  any  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates. 
F.  E.  WEYGANT  A:H.  C.  PARTRIDGE, 

24v22-3m  Proprietors. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 

Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    »41    KEAMT    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  Btreets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meeksohaums  Mounted  with  Silver,  Meerschaum 
PlpoB  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieceB Fitted. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  _Million  Dollars. 

XEVI  STEVENS President. 

E.N.  VAN  BKUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE. 
o.    IIS   CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

25v20-qy 

STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

GRAND,  tSaUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let-  Sp^r^'lf 

A.JEHEYMAN, 

I  Btreet,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
maiS-tr  Opposite  old  Oapitol,  Sacramento. 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


STOUT,    MILLS    &    TEMPLE, 

riiormrroits  or  the 
GLOBE     IKON     WOH1CS, 

DAYTON.   OHIO. 

Hydraulic 

ENGINEERS, 

Patentees 

AND 

Manufacturers 

Par   '"nt,    •>{   Power   narutai  d 

OF  (THE  equal  toau>  O.ui-bllOl  Win.  1- 

American   Turbine  Water  Wheel, 

M1I.I,  GEARING  AND  SHAFTING 
Of  all  Descriptions,  and  Genirul  Mill  Furnishing. 

Water  Puwtra  Estimated  and  Plans  Foxnlshod. 

A.  L.  STOUT,  W,  M.  MILLS,  J.  TEKPLB, 

Bond  for  Descriptive  Circular.  22v23*8m>M 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad    Co., 


OFFICE,  i2  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


TO    CONTRACTORS,     MINERS,     ETC, 


By  this  invention,  one  men,  with  one  horse  and  five 
cars,  does  the  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horses  and  ten  carts. 

Highly  Approved  by  all  who  Use  Them, 

ARS     AND    TRACKS     FOR     SALE     OR     TO    LET 

Samples  at  the  office.    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Sale. 

23v52cow26t 


Phoenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   &   CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bridges,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Etc. 

"Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  churgo  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  Btyles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli 
cation  to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila 
d»lphiu.  ap8-ly 


8ELF-OILER8. 


WATERS' 


SELF 


OILERS. 

PATENTED  October  21, 1862; 
July  G,  1867;  July  23  and  Sept. 
22,  18G8,  and  June  20,  I860. 

Glass  reservoir,  with  white 
metal  coupling  caBt  on. 

Substantial  braBS  stem,  with 
graduating  plug— V  slot  on 
one  side,  as  shown  in  magni-< 
lied  cut— in  the  top. 

The  best  and  cheapest 
OILER  in  the  market;  perfect 
lubrication  on  loose  pulleys  and  all  kinds  of  bearings. 
Any  kind  of  Oil  in  any  kind  of  weather.  Price,  $4.50 
per  dozen    Liberal  discount  to  agents  and  to  the  trade. 

WATERS    &    CO., 
nol8-3m      1G4  Elm  Bt,  near  Fourth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped    Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

My.l        Wig.  2  Fie/.S  Mg,& 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furniBhed  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery-Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  Bend  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  G4  Nassau  St.,  N.  T. 


Situation  as  Chemist  "Wanted. 

The  undersigned,  having  completed  the  working 
course  of  Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College,  Easton,  Pa., 
including  Dry  Assay  of  Ores  and  Blowpipe  Analysis, 
desires  a  situation  requiring  a 

Practical  Knowledge  of  Chemistry. 
By  permission  refers  to  Dr.  Traill  Green,  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College. 

B.  CHAMBERS,  Jn., 
20v23-3m  Chambersburg.Pa. 


CRAIG-    &    BREVOORT3 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 

PUIUP8,    &c. 


NO.    1. 

The  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  In- 
tended to  W  attached  to  the  ordinury  steam  pump, 
thereby  bridging  it  within  the  class  of  low  pressure,  or 
man  properly  speaking,  uf  condensing  engines;  the 
■team,  when  it  has  done  Itfi  work  in  the  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  le  con- 
ducted to  the  condenser,  on  ltd  ontry  into  which,  It 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  pump,  and  is  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  Bectlon  of  the 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

The  flange  D  is  bolted  to  the  suction  orifice  of  the 
pump,  and  tho  flange  S  to  the  pipe  leading  to  the  well, 
or  whatever  Bource  of  supply  the  pump  may  have;  W  ie 
a  wuler  jacket  surrounding  the  ruulu  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  the  suction  pipo,  8,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  freo  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  und  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  1b  Bhown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  tho  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valvo  to  enlarge  or  contract  the  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  It,  by  which  means  tho 
possibility  of  the  condenBer  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  The  pipe  P,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  as 
guide  to  float  F. 

The  valvo,  C,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  Is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem— shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing or  docreaBlng  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
the  capacity  of  tho  pump  to  which  it  Is  attached. 


NO.   2. 

The  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  Bteam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  Bide  of  the  steam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  time  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which, ia  placed  in  the  exhauBt  pipe, 
into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  the  Bteam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  done  the 
pump  iB  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenBer  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  iB  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  Bteam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


HOOVER'S 

New     and     Superior     Chromos. 

The  Changed  Cross,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Faithful  Crowned,  size  22  by  28. 

Virgin  Mary  and  St.  John,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Holy  Family,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Beautiful  Snow,  size  16  by  22. 

Delhi,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y.,  size  20  by  28. 

ALL    REAL    GEMS    OF    ART. 

Sold  by  Leading  Dealers  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  "Wholesale  by  the  Pub- 
Ushers. 

J.    HOOVER, 

804    Market    Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
6v23-8m-eow 


FLORAL    GUIDE     FOR    1872. 

Over  One  Hundred  Pages, 

Printed  in  Two  Colors,  on  superb  Tinted  Paper.  Foun 
Hundred  Engravings  of  Flowers,  Plants  and  Vegeta- 
bles, with  Descriptions,  and 

TWO    COLORED    PLATES. 

Directions  and  plans  for  making  Walks,  Lawns,  Gar- 
dens, etc.  The  handsomest  and  best  FLORAL  GUIDE 
in  the  World.  All  for  Ten  Cents,  to  those  who  think 
of  buying  Seeds.  Not  a  quarter  the  cost.  200,000  sold 
of  1871.    Address  JAMES  VICK, 

22v23  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


RUBS    PATENT 

MONITOR    MOLDING     MACHINE, 

MADE    BT 

R.    BALL   &   00.,    "Worcester,  Mess., 

Manufacturers  of  tho  latest  Improved  WooD-womasa 
Machinery  for  Planing  Mills,  Car  Shops,  Agricultural 
IiupkiiiiuU,  Furniture,  Sash,  Blind,  and  Dour  Facto- 
ries., etc.,  etc.  Send  for  lUiibtruted  Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 
RICHARD  BALL.  E.  P.  HALSTEAD. 

m4-eowly 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cuucer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Compliiiutu,  Salt  Rheum,  nud  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist 
ance  of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  .non- 
effective, prompt  und  certain  alterative  and  blood  purl- 
tier  known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
lng  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circnlur.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  60  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  2fiv23-3m 


First  PremlumB  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 

MICKOSCOPEH. 

Hlustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated.   Bent    free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York. 

3v23-ly 


J.     R.    ANDREWS, 

BDCCEBSOH  TO 

F.  MANSELL  &  CO., 
House    and    Sign     Painters, 

412  PINE  STREET,    SAN  FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  Bt. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  tho  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental  Sign  Work. 


Ooxuxtry   Orders  Attended  to 

With     Punctuality,      Cheapness      and     Dispatch. 
26v23-3m-bp 


Mechanics'  Institute. 

Entrance  27  PoBt  Street  (bet.  Kearny  and'  Montgomery) , 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 

The  Library  of  Reference,  the  Library,  Reading  Room 
and  Chess  Room  are  open  from  8  a.m.  until  10  p.m.  every 
day,  {except  Sundays  and  Legal  Holidays) . 

The  Society  posBeSBes  a  Library  of  18,000  volumes— 
the  most  valuable  technical  and  scientific  librar;  on  tho 
Coast,  embracing  the  transactions  of  the  leading  Scien' 
tific  Societies  of  the  United  States  and  Europe,  (among 
which  are  the  philosophical  transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Great  Britain,  complete),  and  the  standard, 
scientific  and  technical  works;  and  is  in  immediate  re- 
ceipt of  all  new  standards  publications. 

The  Reading  Room  is  supplied  with  tho  current  peri- 
odicals and  newspapers  of  the  day. 

The  Mechanics'  Institute  is  open  to  all,  and  th- 
Trustees  will  be  pleased  to  have  visitors  and  others  ine 
spect  the  Rooms, 

Entrance  Fee,  $1.00.  Quarterly  Dues  (in  advance) 
$1.50.    Life  Membership,  $50. 

~~FRED.    KRAJEWSKJ^ 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 


Molding,   Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  Mnds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

26v23-t( 


H.    M.    BALCH, 

432  Kearny  St.,  S.  E,  corner  of  California  st.  (up  entire, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Repairs  and  Tunes 

ALL  KTNDB  OF 

MUSICAL     INSTRUMENTS, 

Either  Brass,  Reed  or  String. 

Special  attention  given  to  PIANOS, 
ORGANS,  or  MELODEONS. 

Mr.  B  is  a  practical  workman  of  twenty- 
five  years  experience,  and  employs  none 
but  experienced  workmen. 

ORDERS  from  the  country  attended  promptly, 
8v23-3mBa 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING   WORKS, 

218  Fremont  Btreet,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    O.AJR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  "Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


GILES   B.  GBAT. 


J  ami':::  II.   HAVEN. 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

la  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.,  N.  K.  corner  Cali- 
fornia ano  Leldesdorflstrects, 
BAH  FEANOIOO. 


76 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  3,  1872. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Norfolk  M.  Co. — Jan.  25.  Objects — To  mine 
in  Ely  Mining  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
§3,000,000.  Trustees:  J.  B.  Haggin,  B.  F. 
Morrow,  A.  E.  Head,  Joseph  Clark  and  B.  B. 
Minor. 

Bevenue  Cons.  Silver  M.  Co. — Jan.  24  Ob- 
ject— To  mine  in  'Wallapai  District,  Arizona. 
Capital  stock,  $2,500,000.  Trustees:  H.  Mc- 
pherson, J.  G.  Riley,  Wm.  H.  Mintzer,  H.  G. 
Blakely  and  L.  B.  Edwards. 

Empire  M.  Co.— Jan.  26  Object-To  mine 
in  the  County  of  Owyhee,  Idaho  Ter.  Capital 
stock,  $2,500,000,  divided  into  25,000  shares. 
Trustees:  Hill  Beaclay,  Geo.  W.  Beaver,  J.  "W. 
Gashwiler,  James  S.  Kennedy  and  Martin  Her- 
man. 

Wellington  M.  &  SmeltingtCo.— Jan.  27. 
Object — To  mine  in  the  Little  Cottonwood  Dis- 
trict, Lake  county,  Utah.  Capital  stock,  $2,- 
500,000;  50,000  shares  of  the  value  of  $50  per 
share. 

San  Francisco  Street  Sprinkling  Co. — Jan. 
27.  Object — To  sprinkle  the  streets  of  the 
city  with  water.  Capital  stock,  $250,000. 
Trustees:  Samuel  J.  Waters,  A.  S.  Perly,  J.  B. 
Laniger,  E.  Shiner,  James  Tompkinson,  F. 
Kayser,  C.  H.  Conant,  John  Sanborn,  Philo 
Doud,  D.  A.  McKinley  and  A.  B.  Smith. 

Baltimore  M.  Co. — Jan.  27.  Object — To 
mine  for  gold  and  silver  in  Storey  county,  Ne- 
vada. Capital  stock,  $1,500,000,  in  30,000 
shares  of  $50  each.  Trustees:  Geo,  W.  Pres- 
cott,  E.  J.  de  Ste  Marina,  E.  Strother,  Edward 
Landers  and  J.  W.  Moyle. 

Union  Pacific  Silk  Manufacturing.  Co. — 
Jan.  29.  Object — to  manufacture  all  kinds  of 
ribbons,  piece  silks,  threads,  machine  twists, 
sewing  silks,  trimmings  and  silk  goods  general- 
ly. Capital  stock,  $100,000,  into  1,000  shares 
Trustees:  T.  Tobin,  E.  Butter,  C.  W.  Coney, 
J.  D.  Stewart  and  Joseph  Warburton. 

La  Paz  M.  Co.— Jan.  30.  Object— To  mine 
in  the  Ely  Mining  District.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  divided  into  30,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees: J.  B.  Haggin,  Joseph  Clark,  Wm.  Willis, 
B.  B.  Minor  and  W.  W.  Blow. 

Corrected  Certificate. — The  Western  Lan- 
cet Publication  Association  filed  another  certifi- 
cate of  incorporation  with  the  County  Clerk  on 
the  30th  in  lieu  of  the  one  filed  some  time  ago, 
in  which  the  name  was  erroneously  given  as 
the  Pacific  Lancet  Publication  Association. 


Mining  Accidents, 

James  McOormick,  while  working  in  .the 
200-foot  level  of  No.  3,  in  the  Meadow 
Valley  mine,  fell  through  the  side  or  trap 
door  at  that  level,  and  down  the  shaft  to 
the  280-foot  level.  He  died  in  a  few  hours 
from  the  injuries  received. 

T.  K.  "Warren,  while  hoisting  with  a 
block  and  tackle  at  the  Idaho  mine  on 
Saturday  last,  was  severely  injured  by  be- 
ing struck  on  top  of  tie  head  by  a  block 
of  wood  weighing  about  seven  pounds. 

While  raising  a  3-ton  boiler  up  the 
oanon  to  the  shaft  of  the  Eclipse  mine,  for 
the  hoisting  works,  on  the  15th  inst.,  a 
chain  gave  way  and  the  boiler  rolling  back 
some  30  ft.  badly  injured  Isaac  Jackson. 
But  for  the  fortunate  interposition  of  a 
block  of  wood,  he  would  have  been  killed 
instantly. 

Oee  Sampled. — The  following  lots  of 
silver  ore  have  been  crushed  and  sampled 
during  the  month  of  January,  1872,  by  J. 
W.  Thurman,  No.  413  and  415  Mission 
street,  (formerly  Howland  &  Co) . 

From  the  Arizona  mine,  Humboldt  Dis- 
trict, Nev.,  three  lots  respectively,  70,53 
and  81  sacks;  41  sacks  from  the  Sheba 
mine,  same  dist;  111  sacks  from  Golconda 
mine,  same  district.  Two  lots  of  61  and 
37  sacks  from  the  Wallapai  mine,  Prescott 
dist.,  Arizona;  112  and  66  sacks  from  Sac- 
ramento dist.,  Arizona;  15  sacks  from 
Prescott  dist.,  110  from  Benjamin  mine, 
same  dist.  Two  lots  of  40  and  80  sacks 
from  Mexico.  All  these  lots  of  ore  are 
high  grade,  running  from  $300  to  $5,000 
per  ton,  and  were  purchased  and  sent  to 
Liverpool,  with  the  exception  of  one  small 
lot. 

There  were  also  sampled  170  sacks  of 
copper  ore  from  the  Ella  mine,  Nevada, 
and  two  lots  of  200  and  140  sacks  from 
Battle  Mountain,  which  were  also  sent  to 
Liverpool. 

Leather. — The  proprietors  of  the  Pa- 
cific Tannery  at  Stockton  shipped  last 
week  5,000  pounds  of  skirting  and  harness 
leather  to  Los  Angeles,  and  8,000  pounds 
to  this  city  to  be  re-shipped  to  Japan. 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

[  Corrected  weekly  by  HookerA  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  Htseet.] 

PRICES  FOR   INVOICES 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quotations. 

Thursday.  February  1, 1872 

Scotch  andlEnglish  Pig  Iron,  $  ton $r>2  50    @  55  00 

White  Pig,  <P  ton 45  00    @ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  $  tt> —  04    @  —  04^ 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  fy  lb —  05    @  —  05£ 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4  —05    ffi 

Plate.  No.  5  to  9 @  —  05 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  05«§ 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —06   @ 

Shoet,  No.  24  to  27 —  06    @ 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.     5     @  6 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  S3  lb —  24    @  —  26 

Sheathing.  Yellow ■■• —24    ra  —  25 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11    @  —  U'A 

Composition  Nails — 24        — 

Composition  Bolts  — —  24        — 

Tin  Plates  — 

Plates,  Charcoal.  IX  ^  bos 12  00 

Plates,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00        10  50 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

BancaTin,  Slabs.  ^  lb —  45 

Steel.— English  Cast,  <ift  lb —  16        —  17 

Drill 16  17 

FlatBar 17  20 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) l'.V  : 

grJICKSILVEK.— $4  0) — 85 
EAD.-Pig,$» .— 05)i     —  0S!i 

Sheet —08        —    8J4 

Pipe —    9        —10 

Bar 08        —09 

ZlNO.-Sheets,  3?  lb —  10        —  W)i 

Borax.— Refined —  2ft        -  30 

Borax,  crude —    5 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  at.] 
San  FnANOIBCO,  Thursday,  February  1, 1872. 

Sole  Leatheb.— The  demand  is  Btill  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  fy  fi> 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  fe  lb 26@29 

Country  Leather,  "®  m 25@28 

The  market  is  well  supplied  with  French  stocks,  and 
prices  have  a  downward  tendency.  Heavy  California  skins 
are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8  Kil.,  perdoz $60  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil..  perdoz ,..   76  0(1@  95  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  $  doz 611  00®  80  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  19  Kil  ,  ^  doz  9.5  00® 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  00@  70  00 

Corncllian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12  to  U  Kil.,  per  doz 60  00(g)  68  00 

OgerauCalf,  ®  doz 54  00® 

Simon,  18  Kil.,%  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  '■:■'  .!.,,■ gs  (in 

Simon.  24  Kil.  $  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  %i  lb  1(0®    130 

California  Kip,  «  doz 65  00  to  80  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  ^  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs.  &  tb 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ^  doz. ...    8  00®  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,  f>  doz  5  50(g)  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca  f  Boot  Legs,  %1  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ^*  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,$  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ^  tb 31  i  «)    37 !  * 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  ^  doz ....  48  00©  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ^  lb 34®    37fe 

Welt  Leather,  34  doz 30  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  $  foot 17(3       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  $  foot 18©       20 


Rainfall  at  Sacramento. 

[ByT. M.Logan,  M.D.,  Secretary  State  Board  of  Health. 

Jan.  17,  "1872.  Rainfall  for  tno  season  to  date..  16.451  Inches 
"     30,    "  "         from  Jan.  23     "     "    ...0.020     " 


Total  for  the  season  up  to  Jan  23, 1872 16.471  inchs. 

Remarks. — The  above  small  amount,  added  to  the 
previous  rainfall,  was  not  actually  the  result  of  raiu; 
but  the  measurement  of  mist  or  fog  collected  iu  the 
rain-gauge.  In  fact,  during  the  prevalence  of  the  light 
northerly  winds,  which  prevailed  from  the  period  of 
our  last  report'up  to  the  23d,  when  a  heavy  norther  set 
in,  we  have  been  immersed,  iu  the  lower  part  of  the 
valley,  in  a  sea  of  fog,  while  thoBe  in  the  more  elevated 
regions  have  been  basking  in  the  general  sunshine. 


Besides  so  many  new  facts  and  the  large  amount  of  useful 
knowledge  derived  through  these  official  sources,  the  min- 
ing public  are  likely  to  And  in  the  recently  published  work 
of  J.  8.  Phillips  a  valuable  teacher  and  assistant.  This 
book,  which  treats  in  an  intelligent  and  practical  way  on  al- 
most every  topic  connected  with  mining  pursuits,  should  be 
In  the  hand  of  every  mlllraan,  metallurgist,  prospector,  and 
miner  on  the  Pacific  Coast  Even  the  capitalist,  and,  In 
fact,  every  person  already  engaged  in,  or  likely  to  become 
interested  in  the  business  of  mining,  will  find  In  this  com-, 
prehenslve  work  an  amount  of  information  that  they  can- 
not afford  to  dispense  with.— [Commercial  Herald  on  Geo- 
logical Survey,  etc.,  Jan.  26th. 


MARAVILLA  C000A.— No  breakfast  table  is  complete 
mthout  this  delicious  beverage.  The  Globe  says :  "  Various 
importers  and  manufacturers  have  attempted  to  attain  a 
reputation  for  their  prepared  Cocoas,  but  we  doubt  whether 
any  thorough  success  had  been  achieved  until  Messrs. 
Taylor  Brothers  discovered  the  extraordinary  qualities  of 
'  Maravilla'  Cocoa.  Adapting  their  perfect  system  of 
preparation  to  this  finest  of  all  species  of  the  Theobroma. 
they  have  produced  an  article  which  supercedes  every  other 
Cocoa  in  the  market.  Entire  solubility,  a  delicate  aroma- 
and  a  rare  concentration  of  the  purest  elements  of  nutri- 
tion, distinguish  the  Maravilla  Cocoa  above  all  others.  Foi 
homceopaths  and  invalids  we  could  not  recommend  a  more 
agreeable  or  valuable  beverage."  Sold  in  packets  only  by 
ail  Grocers,  of  whom  alBO  may  be  had  Taylor  Brothers, 
Original  Homoeopathic  Cocoa  and  Soluble  Chocolate 
Steam  Mills— Brick  Lane,  London.  Export  Chicory  Mills, 
Bruges,  Belgium.  fe25-ly 

The  Evangel,  Office,  414  Clay  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco. Terms,  $4  per  year,  in  advance.  The  Evangel 
iu  the  organ  of  the  Baptist  Denomination  for  the  Pacific 
States  and  Territories.  All  efforts  on  the  part  of 
brethren  and  friends  to  extend  its  circulation  will  be 
gratefully  appreciated.  $3,  for  one  year's  subscription, 
will  be  received  from  new  subscribers,  Btrictly  in  ad- 
vance. Address  "Evangel,  San  Francisco,  Cal." 
Sample  copies  furniBbed  free.  4v3-lambptf 

UNrvERBiri  OP  Cautobnia.— The  Preparatory  Depart- 
ment is  under  the  charge  of  five  Professors  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  six  tutors. 

Besides  the  studies  of  the  public  schools,  Algebra, 
Geometry,  Latin,  Greek,  German,  French,  Spanish,  and 
Book-Keeping  are  taught. 

Terms:  Board  and  tuition,  4  weeks,  $30.  Students  re- 
ceived at  any  time.  Geokge  Tait,  Oakland,  Master 
Fifth  Class. ^^       se9bptf 

$5  to  $20  FEB  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  wont  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  "White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud. 
son  River  Wire  Works,  75  William  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Dearborn  etreet.  Chicago,  III.  23vl-12mbp 

Ladies  DEBmrao  xo  Pbootjtie  a  Fxest-Class  Sewing 
Machine  against  eaBy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  20th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  deBired.  21vl-12mbp 

Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


COMPIiETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Soientipio  Pbess  oan  be  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  and  best  information  on  mining  and 
the  industry  of  thiB  coast  oi  any  work  published. 


The  C-Spring  Roller  Skate. 

PATENTED    1871. 


Rights  and  Skates  for  Sale. 

ThiB  superior  Skate  is  now  beginning  to  attract  the 
attention  of  Kink  Owners,  it  being  the  only  Cramping 
Skate  now  before  the  publiu  (except  the  Plympton  Skate) 
that  can  run  without  infringing  a  former  patent. 

This  Skate  is  Positively  no  Infringement 
Of  anybody's  patent.  It  is  made  in  the  most  substantial 
and  workmanlike  manner,  and  possesses  the  following 
points  of  merit:  Beauty,  Elasticity,  Ease  of  Movement, 
Strength,  Lightness,  and  does  not  injure  the  skating 
floor  as  much  as  the  ordinary  Bkate. 

Every  pair  Warranted  to  be  just  what  it  is  represent- 
ed.   Parties  intending  to 

©TA.R.T  A.  RINK, 

Should  examine  and  test  this  Skate.    Sample  pah'B  sent 

O.  O.  D.  on  application. 

In  ordinary  samples  state  the  number  of  boot  or  shoe 
worn,  and  whether  for  lady  or  gentleman. 

tt&~  For  City,  County  or  Kink  Rights,  call  on  or  ad- 
dress WIESTER   &    CO., 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  street  (under  Grand  Hotel) , 
SAN  FBANCISCO. 


DUPONT'S  JWNPOWDER.    . 

Constantly  on  hand  full  supplies  of 

Dupont's  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F  FF 
FFF. 

Dupont's  Superior  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  cor- 
rugated Iron  Kegs,  F  FF  FFF. 

Dupont's  Unrivalled  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  No.  1,  2, 
3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

Dupont's  Unrivalled  Brand,  Eagle  Duck,  in  canisters 
1  lb.  and  \  lb;  and  Eagle  Kifle,  half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs, 

Dupont's  Celebrat  d  Brands,  Fg  FFg  FFFg,  Rifle,  in 
canisters  i£  lb.,  J$  lb.,  and  1  lb. 

Dupont's  Celebrated  Brands,  Dg  Rifle,  for  sea  shoot- 
ing, in  kegs,  half  kegs  and  qr.  kegB. 

Dupont's  Superior  BrandB,  A,  F  k  C,  F,  FF,  FFF,  in 
canisters  '.,  lb.,  V-  lb.,  and  1  lb.,  and  in  kegs,  half  kegs 
and  qr.  kegs.  Dupont's  Superior  Brand,  California 
Rifle,  in  1  lb.  caniBter  and  5  lb.  cans, 

Dupont's  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

Eaglf.  Safety  Fuse  (manufactured  near  Santa  Cruz, 
Cal.,  by  the  L.  9.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on  hand  full  sup- 
plies of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water-proof  and  Sub- 
marine, Triple  Taped  Double  Taped,  Single  Taped  and 
Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially  to  explode  the 
Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world.  Winchester  Repeating  (Henry's 
Improved)  Arms  and  Fixed  Ammunition."  A  large  and 
complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms  constantly  on 
hand,  to  wit:  Repeating,  Sporting,  Rifled — Oiled  Stock. 
Ditto— Gold  and  Silver  Nickle,  plated  and  beautifully 
engraved.  Repeating  Carbines,  plain  oiled  locks.  Also, 
Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  and  Engraved.  Repeat- 
ing Muskets,  oiled  stock.  Cartridges  (Brand  H),  man- 
ufactured expressly  for  their  arms  by  the  W.  R.  A.  Co. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN    SKINKER, 
5v24-Gm-lamr 108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY- 

Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  1862 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
BEMOTAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Lark  in  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORN  A  MENTAL,  BUILDIN  G,  CEM  fciTERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  6v24-8amslamrly 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings,  Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Ilns  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast:,  and  can 
insure  good  eatisfac- 
ELW.  "W.  TIFT, 
No.  807  Howard  street,  San  Francisco. 


tion.    Address 


Jk.    NEW    BOOK. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and 
Metallurgists'  Companion. 

The  Most  Practical  and  Comprehensive  "Work 
on  Mining  Subjects  Extant. 

Comprising  640  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 

BY  J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Of   San  Francisco,  a  Practical  Operator  for   Thirty-four 

Years;  Explorer,  and  Resident  in  the  Pacific  States 

and  Territories  for  tee  past  Six  Years. 

Now  issued  and  for  sale  by  DEWEY  &  00., 
Patent  Agents,  Publishers  "  Scientific  Press. 

Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Va- 
rious   Departments    of   Exploration, 
Mining,  Engineering,  Assaying, 
and  Metallurgy. 
Geological   Formations   of  the   Primitive   Earth,    it3 
Secondary  Bocks,  its  Mineral  Veins,  Minerals, 
'   Metals,  Coal  Fields,  Etc.,  Etc. 
General  Composition  and  Peculiarities  of  Mineral  Veins; 
Their  Comportment  with  Each  Other,  and  with 
Cross  Courses,  Dikes,  and  Slides. 
Geologioal    Characteristics    of    the    Most    Extensive 

Mining  Districts. 
Exploration  for,  and  Examination  of,  Mineral  Veins. 
Discrimination  and  Assay  of    Minerals,  by  the  most 

Available  and  Practical  Methods. 
Mining  and  Mechanical  Engineering,  Above  and  Below 
the  Surface,  for  Dressing  of  Ores, 
Deep  Mining,  Etc. 
Assorting,  Crushing,  and  Concentration  of  Ores. 
The   Best    Methods    for   Reducing  the  Minerals  and 
MetalB  to  a  Marketable  Condition,  by  Roast- 
ing, Milling,  Chlorinizing,  Smelting, 
and  by  Chemical  Treatment, 
The   Continually   Recurring,   Unnecessary   Errors,  in 
Mining  and  Metallurgy. 

PRICE,  bound  in  eloth,  $10  (in  coin  or  its  equivalent) . 
In  leather,  $12.  Postage,  50  cents  extra.  Address  all 
orders  (wholesale  or  retail)  to 

DEWEY   &   CO., 

Scientific  Press,  338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco . 


HILL'S  PATENT 

EUREKA    GANG    PLOW, 


The  undersigned,  Manufacturers  of  "HILL'S  PAT- 
ENT EUREKA  GANG  PLOWS,"  take  this  method  of 
calling  the  attention  of  Agriculturists  throughout  the 
Pacific  States  and  Territories  to  the  merits  of  the  above 
named  Plows,  and  offer  the  following  reasons  why  they 
are  entitled  to  preference  over  any  other  Plow  in  ubb. 

They  are  made  of  the  best  material,  and  every  Plow 
warranted. 

Thoy  are  of  light  draught,  easily  adapted  to  any 
depth,  and  are  very  easily  handled. 

They  will  plow  any  kind  of  soil,  and  leave  the  ground 
in  perfect  order. 

FIRST    PREMIUMS! 

These  Plows  took  the  FirBt  Premium  at  the  State  Fair 
In  Sacramento,  in  1870;  at  the  Northern  District  Fair  in 
Marysville,  1870  and  1871;  and  at  the  Upper  Sacramento 
Valley  Fair,  Chico,1870  and  1871.  At  the  Mechanics' 
Fair,  held  in  San  Francisco  in  1871,  a  Silver  Medal  was 
awarded  these  Plows;  and  the  State  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, at  the  last  Fair,  offered  a  premium  of  $40  for  the 
best  Gang  Plow.  The  committee  was  composed  of 
practical  farmers  from  the  agricultural  counties,  who, 
alter  a  fair  test  and  thorough  competition  with  the 
leading  plows  of  the  State,  awarded  the  premium  to  the 
Eureka  Gang  Plow.  From  this  it  will  be  seen  that 
these  celebrated  plows  still  maintain  their  reputation 
over  all  competitors.    Patented  Sept.  7, 1869. 

Champion  Deep-Tilling  Stubble  Plow, 

which  took  the  First  Premium  over  all  competitors  at 
the  State  Fair,  1871.  It  turns  a  furrow  14  incheB  deep 
and  24  inches  wide. 

This  Gang  Plow  combines  durability  with  cheapness, 
being  made  entirely  of  iron  by  experienced  workmen,  of 
the  best  material.  Over  three  hundred  are  now  in  use, 
and  all  have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

Manufactured  and  for  Bale  at  the  corner  of  Third 
street  and  Virgin  Alley,  Marysville,  by 

TTTTiL  &  KNATJGH, 
And  also  by  most  leading  Agricultural  Dealers  in  the 

State.    All  others  are  invited  to  apply  at  once  for 

Circulars,  prices,  etc.  16v23-tf 


H.    J.     BOOTH     &:    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast), 

Cor.    First    and    Mission    Sts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Eepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    "WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part— made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  Bet  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  size. 

Irrigating   Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J.  BOOTH,  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT.  IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 
4v24-lyslamr 


February  3,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


77 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


i*g- 

U  (A« 

'"V 

■  'urge  ntition  0/  tMt 

.y..VrJ(,i  y-jiupri-ii   on    ThurtHay  rrm- 
latrM  hour  u*  run  r«y»t*  mfr*rti^«<ru*. 

Alhambra  Hill  Mining  Company— Location 

of  w^rk*.  Alhambra  Hill,   Pinto  District,  White  Pine 
county,  Nevada. 

NotlM— -There    ar»    delinquent    apon  the    following 
described  stock,    un    account  of  Afwiuum-ut  (No.     1) 
the  Ninth  day  of    Da  amber,  18T1,  the  several 
■  ii  opposite  tin;  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  full-iwn: 


Names-               No  of  c<-r' 

No.  ■hAret. 

Amount. 

231 

tl36.H0 

H.  H.i.rlyOolo " 

in 

1H5.W 

m 

lw.eo 

a  1    Schmidt  "       " 

Ml 

liO.50 

B.  Mt'-iiiln  liin-r "        " 

263 

lM.W 

-■■i«t'  r. "        " 

153 

1WI.W 

D.U.J>ck»Jii •• 

5M 

253.00 

(i,  •■"■limutn-h'  r " 

nil 

80.90 

J.  N.plK.ly " 

tei 

80.60 

1).  11.  ImnramlUl...    " 

isi 

80.S0 

.luliri  sit",  itl'iir " 

HI 

80.60 

Tim.,.  J.  Reed '• 

»!') 

40.35 

And  in  accordance   with    law,   and   an  order  of    tin 

a,  made  ou  tin-  Ninth  day  of  December, 

many  »harc*  of  each  parcel  of  said  itook  as  may 

be  necessary,  will  be  sidd  at  public  auction  by  Maurice 

ry   street,   on  the  Fifth 

day  of  February,:  IBT2.  attbe.  hour  of  12  o'clock  m.,  of 

said   day,    to  pay  tiaid  delinquent    assessinent    thereon, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  Bale. 
I1LNKV  Q.  LANGLKY.  Secretary. 
Ottee— Dia  Play  street.  San  Frnueiseo,  Cal.         Jrju-4w 

Kincaid   Flat  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Tuolumne  Couuty,  State  of  California. 

Norton.— There  am  delinquent  upon  the  following  do- 
iCTlbod  Btorlr.  on  ■rnfrimt  nf  ftnimiamiml  levied  ou  the 
litu  day  of  December,  Uffl,  the  several  Amounts  set  op- 
Of  the  respective  Shareholders  as  fol- 
lows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Ara't. 
F.  Vassanlt 98 50 $125  00 

And  in  acoordanoe  with  liiw,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  TntSteea,  made  on  the  lit b  day  of  Deciuber,  1871,  bo 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  tutid  htock  as  may  be  nec- 
OJlaiy,  will  be  Bold  ut  public  motion  at  tlie  Secretary's 
tun. -.".  No . -j'jn  Clay  street,  San  Francisco,  California, 
on  Wednesday,  the  7thday  of  February,  1872,  at  the 
honr  of  lu  o'lim-k  a.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  B.id  dolin- 
qnemt  ■sseaament  thereon,  together  with  coste  of  Adver- 
tising and  expcnt.es  of  sale. 

IC.  H.  CORNELL.  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  220  Clay  ttreet,  San  FronciBco,  Gal,       j203t 

Postponement.— The  above  sale  1b  hereby  postponed 
until  Wednesday,  February  nth,  1872,  at  the  same  hour 

and  pun.;.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
fl-.-w  It.  H.  CORNELL,  Secretary. 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location  of 

work*,  Auburn,  District,   Placer    county,   State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

No  ice  in  hereby  given,  that  at  a  mooting  of  the  Board  of 
Ti  osteeS  of  *uiil  Oomp  >ny,  held  on  the  16th  day  of  January 
19T8,  'in  assessment  uf  Twenty  CM)  cents  per  share  wb  levied 
Lpott  the  enpiial  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  Utuud  States  cold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secre- 
tariat the  oillce  of  the  company,  room  No.  2,  418  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  up>u  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Monday,  thu    19th   day  of  February,   1H72,  shall  be 

ii !  delinquent,  >md  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  by 

pablic  auction,  and  unless  payment  be  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Monday,  the  11th  day  of  March,  1872,  to  p.ty  the  de- 
inuuent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
una  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
i.i:i).  R.  SI'IN'Nf.V.  Secretary. 
Office— Room  No.  2,  third  floor,  41b  California  street,  San 
Knim-i-eo,  C.ihlomla. ja2  "■'iff 


Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany—Location of  works,  First  Garote,  Tuolumne  county, 
California. 

Notico  is  horeby  given,  that  nt  a  mooting  of  the  Board  of 
TriiMt^es  >•(  nanl  Company,  hold  on  the  8th  day  of  January, 
IgS,  an  asseaament  of  Twenty-five  cents  per  shara  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  Stock  of  said  company,  payable  iui- 
msdlateiy,  In  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  company's  omco.  Any  stock  upon  which  saidaesess- 
111. 'iii  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  5th  da*  of  Feb- 
ruary, Ht'J.  shall  he  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly 
advertised  forsale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  bo  made  before  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  1*.  M.,  will  be 
sold  "ii  Thursday,  tho  22d  day  of  February,  1*72.  to  pay  the 
delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary- 
Office,  418  C'aliforniaetroet.  San  Francisco.  jal3-4w 


Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company— Lo- 

I      cation.  Spruce  Mountain,  Antelope  and  Clifton  Districts, 

!       hlko  County,  State  of  Novada. 

I      Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 

i  Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  9th  day  of  January, 
1872,  an  assessment  Of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  Slates  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  company's 
office,  Room  5,  Wo  302  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  Tuesday,  the  tilth  day  of  February,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  4th  day  of  March,  ih72,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertis- 
ing and  expenses  af  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

WM.  H.  WATSON,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  street,   San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.         jal3-3w 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company— 

—Location  of  workB,  Piorpont  Mining  District,  Whito 
Pine  County,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  Twonty-nfth  (25th) 
day  of  Juuuary  A.  D.  187  i.  an  assessment  of  eighty{80) cents 
per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to 
the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  said  company.  Any  stock 
on  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Friday, 
:  first  day  of  March,  a.  d.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, ami  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  Twenty-third  day  .of  March,  a.  d.  1872,  to 
pay  tho  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J    W,  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Otlloe,  No.  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.   f  1-4 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Company- 
Location  of    works,  Salt  Springe  Valley,  Calaveras 
County,  State  of  California. 

Notice.- There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  ou  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
10th  day  of  Decembor,  1871,  the  several  amounts 
Bet  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders, 
SB  follows : 
Names.  No.  certificate.  No.  shares.  Amount 

F.  S.  Spring,  Trustee 41  120  $600.00 

E.  F.  Deunison 42  1  5.00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  tho  19th  day  of  December, 
1871,  so  many  BbareB  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company.No.  4QU  California  street,  {up  Btairs,) 
SanFranciBCo,  Cal.,  on  the  13th  day  of  February,  1872, 
at  the  hcur  of  12  o'clock  M.  of  said  tiay,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  Bale. 

T.  F.  0RQNISE,  Secretary. 
Office,  No,  409  California  street,  (up  stairs)  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.  jr27-3t 


KIMOWLES'   PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Awarded   First   Premium   and   Diploma 

Over  all  Competitors,  at  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  San  Francisco,  1871 ;  also  Special 
Medal  and  Diploma  at  State  Fair. 


.-^^-'AWH  U  f  l  *Jf 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC  R.  R.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC,  1 
Sacramento,  Cal.,  April  14, 1871.  ( 

A.  L.  FISH,  Esq.,  Agent  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  San  FranciBco— Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  as 
to  the  merits  of  the  KuowleB'  Steam  Pump,  in  use  upon  this  road,  I  will  say  that  we  have  nineteen  of  them  in 
use  on  this  road  as  fire  engines,  and  pumping  water  for  shop  and  station  use.  I  consider  the  Knowles  Steam 
Pump  the  best  iu  use,  and  prefer  it  to  any  other.    Youra  truly,       A.  J.  STEVENS,  General  Master  Mechanic. 


WE    BUILD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE   LARGEST   STOCK   OF    PUMPS   IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Every  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

No   O  First  .Street,  San  Francisco,  Ca). 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

PIOBJERING'8 

Engine     He^ulators. 

GIFFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BABTOL'S 

STEAM    TR-AJP. 

Surface   Condensers. 

DAVlFsTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  F. 


LIGHT, 


CARS, 

STRONG     JH.1STD 


ELEGANT 


Omnibuses     of    Every     Style. 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  Bending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-26t 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


SA1V    PBAKCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUTACTUBEn8   OF   ALL  KINDS   OF 

Maohine  Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and  Ship  or 
Band  Bolts, 
18  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


J.  W.   THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  «fc  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUiHERS  ANO  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

ALL  OEDER8  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-lilH 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company—Location 

of   work*.    Whito   Pine     Mining    District,    Wbitt    Piflfl 

OOOntXt  Nevatlit. 

i  hreo  ($3)<loll&n>  per  chart*,  levied  Decem- 
ber 19th,  18TI,  having  been  rescinded  b|  vui«  ui  thu  liquid 
vt  TrnetOMi 

Notice  i«  hereby  given,  tliot  nt  n  meeting  of  the  Ponrd  of 
Traeteee  ol  seid  uompeny,  held  on  the  :'  ill  day  ol  Jen- 
■iry,  a  \<  Bii  oo  ■Meeament  of  One  Dollar  per  ^inn-  w«s 
levied  apon  the  capital  stock  of  laid  *  lompanj  .  payable  im- 
mediately, In  United  Statee  sold  coin,  to  the  oecretarr,  a! 

the  office  ol  thi   0 pany,    Anj  itock  a] which  eaiaaa- 

■eaament  ehall  remain  unpaid  ob  Monday,  the  2Btfa  <iav  of 
Fobuary.  a.  D.  ioTS,  aball  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be 
duly  advert ici-d  for  sale,  at  puMu-  aiiriiuri,  »ud  unices  imv- 
meiit  t»ha. I  bo  uiado  before,  will  be  uoldon Tuesday,  the  ifnh 
day  of  Mareli  a.  o.,  I8i3.  t..  pay  the  delinquent  asaeaamenti 
tocethai  with  ooata  of  advertising  and  oxponses  of  sale. 
H>  urdi-r  of  the  li..  ti  rd  ni  Imi-.Ii.-,       J.W.  CLARK,  Seo'y. 

Offloe,  us  OalUomla  Si .  Ban  Prandeco,  jr37-4w. 


Tecumseh  Gold.  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

lag t  'inn|i,iiiv.  — i.iica!  inn  ni'  worlca, Gopher  Dlatrlobi  <_'ai- 

avema  Oounty.  t  lallfOrDJa, 

[fotloe  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  aaid  Company,  held  on  Hi.'  v^i  dayol  Jan- 
uary,  IMT'J,    an    uaeasment    of    Four  iH.him  duilars  per 

share  was  levied    upOO  the    oapital  Stock  "1  laid  '  iimpaiiy, 

payable  immediately.  Id  Doited  States  *mM  mid  silver  coin, 

to  the  Secretary,  P.J   Herrmann,  at  the  office  oi  thee - 

pany.  No.  ,'iiii  Kearny  Btreol ,  Ban  Ifranolaoo,  California.  Any 
stock  upon  lvlueh  ?xiid  anhi-ni'  u  shall  '-111.1111  QUpaid  on 
the  21th  day  of  February,  ik;j.  -hull  be  deemed  delin- 
quent* and  will  be  duly  advertised  foi  sale  ai  public 
auction,  nod  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be 
ni dd  mi  Saturday,  t  lie  Uitii  day  ol  March,  1*7 j.  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent aeseBsmont,  together  with  cost*  of  idvortlsing  and 

exiieiiHL'sof  sale.     l(y  order  i.r  the  Hoard  of  Trustees. 

F.  ,1.  HERRMANN,  Secretary, 

^,...  1.'.-, ;.....  1 '1,1  ;-i-t,i 


O'llce  51fl  Kearny  street,  San  l'.-:inn  ..-,,.  1  ,.1 


ir2?td. 


Union  Gold  Mining  Company—Location  of 

works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county,  Statevl  <  'alifornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  ■  meeting  of  the  Hoard  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  -tt  ti  day  of  January. 
1872,  an  assessment  ot  one  dollar  (H)  per  share  »«>  levied 
upon  the  oapital  Btock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  I  lompany,  Boom  No.  '."J.  MBrohante'  Lxchange, 
California  Btroet,  San  Franoiaoo,  California, 

Any  stock  upon  which  Bald  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  6tfi  day  of  February  I87'i,  shall  he  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  ho  duly  advertised  forsale  at  public  auction, 
and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before  will  be  sold  on 
Monday  the26tb  daj  of  February,  \&l'l,  to  pay  t  lie-  delinquent 
assessment,  togetherwith  costs  oT  advertising  and  expenses 
of  sale.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

ALFRKD  K.  DURBKOW,  Secretary. 

Office— Room  No.  22  Merchants'  hxchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Oal.  jn*-4w. 


Wm.  Penn  Consolidated  Mining  Company 

— Location  of  works.  Storey  and  Lyon  Counties,  State 

of  Nevada. 

Notice  iB  hereby  given,  that  at  a  mectiDg  of  tho  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  company,  hold  on  the  26tb  day  of 
January,  1872,  the  assessment  of  GO  cents  per  tdiuro 
levied  on  the  10th  day  of  January,  was  rescinded,  and  an 
assessment  of  $1.00  per  Bhare  was  levied,  payable  imme- 
diately, in  U.  8.  gold  coin,  tc  tho  Secretary,  at  the  office 
of  tho  company,  No.  3afl  Montgomery  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  29th  day  of  February,  18T2, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  nt  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  bo  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Thursday,  the  21st  day  of 
March,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment  thereon 
together  with  cost  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
feb3-4t  HENRY  TOOMT,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  Rooiub  3  and  4. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting^ ngineer, 
Mineral  Assayer,  Analyst,  Etc,  Etc. 

Author  of  "  The  Explorers',  Miners',  and  Metallurg- 
ists' Companion," 

Inventor  of  the   Explorers*,  Miners',  Millers',  and 
Smelters'  Friend,  the  Prospectors'  "  WEE  PET  "  Assay- 
ing Machine,  etc.,  which  obtained  a  Gold  Medal  at  tho 
San  Francisco  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  18611. 
Patented  September  7, 186!>. 


Arranged  for  the  general  purposes  of  tho  Analyst  and 
Assayer. 
Price,  with  instructions,  tools  and  fluxes,  $100. 

Practical  Instructions  in  all  kinds  of  Assay- 
ing, Discrimination  and  Analysis. 

23-y23-tf 


FREEMAN'S    GRAIN    SEPARATOR. 

THE 

BEST 

PATENT 

SEPARATOR 

MADE. 

I  will  guar- 
antee it  to  Ex- 
cel any  other 
Machine  ex- 
tant in  sepii- 
rating  Grain 
from  all  kinds 
o  f  Foreign 
Seeds.  It  will 
separate  per- 
fectly the  aifl'eri  nt  qualities  of  Grains,  producing  pure 
Seed.  It  is  in  every  way  a  Practical  and  Successful  Cal- 
ifornia Machine.  It  as  proven  successful  over  all 
other  Machines  on  trial,  and  has  taken  two  First  Premi- 
ums at  the  Petaluma  Fair.  Machines  and  State  and 
County  Rights  for  sale  by  W.  D.  FREEMAN, 

Tomales,  Marin  county ,0al. 
Send  for  Circulars. 

P.  8.— The  right  to  use  my  superior  Patent  Pod  Screen 
will  be  sold  at  reasonable  prices  to  owners  of  ThresherB. 
4v3-2m-eowbp 


n 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


fPebruary  3,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


E9TABMSHED    XSSX. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

IBA   P.   BAXKIX,  A.  P.  BBAYTON, 

GEO.  W.  FOCta,  Superintendent. 

ft*  tea  m  Eugfi  nes  and  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
«lass  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
prices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

10"  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Rpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  eODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

KAKurACTURrcns  or 

«t:*2.a.:m:  engines, 

Quartz,    Flour    and    Saw    BXills, 

Hayes'  Improved   Steam   Pump,  Brodl«'»  Im- 
proved     Crasher*      Alining;     Fampi, 
Amalgamators,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

.E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street.  Ban  Francisco.  3-qy 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY   BLOWER. 

MANUFACTURED    AT 

The  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton,  Cal. 

AWAEDED    THE     FIRST     PREMIUM    AT    THE  PARIS    EXPOSITION— PATENTED 
NOV.  1,  18G4;  JULY  24,  18G6 ;  AND  OCT.  9,  18GG. 


'Adapted 

,FOH 

Smelting, 


JBJlBIgS;,1,;:.^ 


Foundry, 


Mining 


and 


Than    any   Blower 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111   Mission  Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

aUABTZ    MACHINERY 
Frinting    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  S^ore  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
Hafety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MAN0FACTUBEB  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOR 

rraoy's    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING;  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


Steamships. 


One  of  the6e  Blowers  may  bo  seen  at  W.  T.  Garrntt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco;  Gould  &  Curry  and 
Savage  S.  M.  Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C.  P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Caution.— Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  lo  the  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  partieB, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  the  reqnirements  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUARTZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IRON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HOESE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OP  ALL  SIZES. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

4*m[  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


Machinery, 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 

■L 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

IF.  I.  CTJRBY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  -and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

'.......  .JJOBBING 

>■(.•■  1 1  Mil  ahd 

immii/       Repairing' 

Promptly  Attended 
.to. 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento  ■ 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MAflCFACTCRKKS  07 

SXEA.1MC  ENGINES,  BOILBBS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

Dnnbar'i  Patent  Self-AdlustlnK  Steam  Piston 

PACEING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  nil  kinds  of  All  nine  MticMnery. 

Front  Street*  between  N  and  O  streets, 

SiORlHRKTO  OlTT 


PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

SAN   FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AKD  — 

Every  "Variety  of  SXiaiitiiigy 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES    f 

steamboat    Shafts,   Crank*,    Piston    and    Cod- 

nectinn  Bods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 

and   Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMER  hil>     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

■3-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
30MPAN7  Post  Ufflce,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  will  receive 
^/ompt  attention 

»*-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron        9v'U3m 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

IY0UH.    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beach.    Street,    Philadelphia,    Perm. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

fl^*  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
Into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR    CIRCULAR    AND   PHOTOGRAPHS. 


THE    HIGHEST    PREMIUM 

Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodn  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST  PK.EMTTJM 
American  Institute,  1867  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MANUFACTURER 

Hardick's    Patent   Double-Acting 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED    IN     ENGLAND,    BELGIUM     AND 

FRANCE.      SEND  FOE  CIBCULAE.  §§ 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     A-TSD     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt'8  Braes  Foundry) . 


N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Btreets, 
trance  on  Natoma  street. 


S.  F.    En- 
6v23-3m 


CALDMTEIiL'S 

Improved   Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3TM-3ro  WM.  CALDWELL. 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

BOILER,     HAKEB8 

AND  GEDERAL  MACHINISTS, 


CAST    STEEL    FILES. 

John  T.  Bunker  &  Co.'s— "We  wish  to  inform 
Dealers  and  Iron  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  theBe 
celebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  superior  inducements 
to  introduce  them.    (22-v23-3m)         HOOKER  &  CO. 


WHY  THE   WILSON 


Patent    Steam    Stamp    Mill 


IS  THE  BEST  AND 


Most  Desirable  Mill  for  Crushing  Ores. 


Because  the  company  give  a  responsible  guarantee 
that  the  purchasers  shall  be  under  no  expense  for  re- 
pairs for  TWELVE  MONTHS,  and  guarantee  the  mill  to 
crush  (regular  work)  On"  Ton  Per  Hour  of  the  Hardest 
Quartz  through  the  ordinary  screens. 


THERE    IS    A    SAVING- 


of  from  Twenty  to  Forty  per  cent,  running  expenses. 


To  put  one  of  the  Wilson  Mills  over  the  mountains , 
from  $10,000  to  $18,000  is  saved  in  First  Cost. 


The  Wilson  Mill  will  save  in  working  expenses  and 
repairs  enough  every  six  months  to  PAY  FOR  ITSELF. 


IN  EVERT  PARTICULAR 

This    Mill   is   Greatly   Superior  to   the 

Ordinary   Cam   Stamp   Mill. 
RECOLLECT 

This    Mill    is    Fully  Guaranteed 

to  do  and  be  all  we  claim  for  it. 

DO    WOT    BE    DECEIVED 

by  the  cry  of  "Humbug,"  but  call  and  investigate  its 
merits.  One  can  always  be  seen  at  the  Pacific  Iron 
Works. 

Ten  of  these  Mills  are  now  in  operation. 

For  further  particulars  address 


FXTItMAN     IE. 


WILSON, 

San  Francisco, 


California  File  Mannf  'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
HEAI'EKAXI)  MOWER  .SECTIOMS.BABS 

AND  KNIVES  COMPIiETE, 
at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to,  9vl9-by 


February  3,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


79 


HYDRAULIC    CHIEF. 


ISI 

o 


z 
be 


CO 


Addreu  P.  H.  FISUFJt.  Stnill,  Cal. 


|o^m%^mw 


MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

M  UIIIKES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCHOLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,   ETC., 
F.r  Railroad,  Car.  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops.  Etc..  Etc. 
■y  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

A.   FAY   &   CO., 

CTNCrNNAn,  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MAX0FACTUnER9     OF 


"WOOD-WORKING   MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 
Philadelphia. 


■t?"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v23-ly 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 
MACHINIST, 

nd  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Die*, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  In  the 

beat  manner.     No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gun.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  k  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  bis  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
bn&lneBS  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  bsfore,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  k  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  316  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GU8.  BURT. 


STEAM    POWER. 


The  second  and  third  stories  of  the  west  half  of  the 
Mechanics'  Mill,  corner  of  Mission  and  Fremont  stTeets, 
to  lot,  with  Steam  Power,  Frontapo  about  70  by  127 
feet,  but  the  rear  half  is  only  about  40  feet  wide.  To  be 
let  in  whole  or  in  part,  to  one  or  more  tenants. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

FRANK  KENNEDY, 
26v23-lm  604  Merchant  street,  San  FranciBCo. 


JOS.    THORNHILL, 
BSIGELiTER    AND     CONTRACTOR. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Work, 
fiin'li  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  (Jrates,  Ranges,   fee, 

Orders  left  with  0.  W.  White,  47  Clay  Street,  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  1612  Mason  St.,  near  Green,  will  he 
promptly  attended  to.  24v21-3m 


NELSON    4c  DOBLE, 

AGENTS   FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Sledge*,    Hummers,    Stone    Cotters',    IJh»<  k 

smiths*  and  Horse-Shoers'  Tools. 

la  and  IGFremonlstreet,  near  .Market,  San  FraDcla 
lOvUqr 


CAST    IRON    FIFE, 

FOR    WATER    AND    GAS. 

PIPE  of  all  sizes,  of  a  very  superior  quality,  Is  now 
being  made  at  the 

Pacific  Iron  Works, 

In  thio  city,  under  the  Patents  of  Farrar  fe  Whiting. 
17v23-3m  GODDARD.&  CO. 


THE  HESSE  GRINDER  AND  AMALGAMATOR. 


This  machine  is  the  most  complete  and  desirable  grimier  and  amalgamator  now  in  use. 
Owners  of  Quurtz  Mills  and  Sulphuret  Works  will  find  it  greatly  to  their  interests  to  use  this 
machine.  The  following  are  some  of  its  many  advantages,  viz:  The  comparatively  little  power 
required  to  ran  it;  the  small  wear  of  metal  in  comparison  with  other  grinders;  the  large  amount 
of  work  that  may  be  accomplished  in  a  given  time,  being  about  three  times  the  amount  usually 
performed  in  ordinary  pans;  the  continuous  working  process,  whereby  the  labor  of  handling  the 
ore  is  avoided;  the  peculiar  arrangements  and  action  of  the  currents  in  the  machine,  whereby  all 
the  particles  of  ore  are  brought  in  contact  with  amalgamating  surfaces,  and  are  discharged  as 
soon  as  ground  to  the  required  degreo  of  fineness,  thus  saving  an  unnecessary  waste  of  power 
and  metal. 

IN  THE  REDUCTION  OF  SULPHURET  0RES7 

this  machine  is  especially  valuable,  the  particles  are  ground  exceedingly  fine  and  uniformly 
sized,  which  greatly  facilitates  the  concentration  of  the  sulphurets,  and  leaves  them  in  the  best 
condition  for  roasting.  The  Hesse  machines  are  successfully  working  in  several  important 
quartz  mills  and  sulphuret  works  in  this  State.  For  further  particulars  send  for  Circular,  or  ap- 
ply to 

LORD    «fc    PETERS, 
ell-tf  304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


I.    TV.    WILFONG'S 

PATENT    OntCTJLATING 

STEAMJOILER. 

This  cut  represents  an  improvement  on  tho  old 
style  of  Cylinder  Boiler,  and  combines  all  the  fol- 
lowing great  advantages:  Rapid  circulation  and 
generation  of  Bteam;  economy  in  fuel;  durability, 
safety,  and  simplicity  of  construction;  requires  but 
little  attention;  is  easily  repaired,  and  moderate  at 
first  cost. 

Wo  have  now  a  number  in  successful  operation, 
and  respectfully  refer  to  the  following  well  known 
parties:  Hastings  &  Co.,  Seventh  and  Cherry  streets; 
Job.  Lea  &  Co.,  128  Chestnut  street;  J.  S.  Huber, 
Germantown;  Holt  &  Bro.,  Sixth  and  Susquehanna 
avenue;  Albion  Print  Works,  Conshohocken,  Pa.;  S. 
H.  Dickey,  Oxford,  Pa  — all  of  which  are  giving  EN- 
TIRE SATISFACTION.  Parties  wishing  to  investi- 
gate tho  success  of  our  new  Boiler  can  do  so  by  call- 
ing at  any  of  the  above  named  places,  or  to 

I.  N.  WILFONG, 

131  and  135  North  Twenty-second  St., 
PHILADELPHIA,    PA., 

Manufacturer  of  all  descriptions  of  Boilers  (Rogers 
fe  Black's  patent  included) ,  Tanks,  Stills,  Pans,  and 
general  Iron  Work.  Orders  solicited  from  all  ports 
of  the  country,  and,  when  received,  promptly  at- 
tended to.  State  and  County  Rights  and  Royalties 
for  sale  as  above.  6v23-6m-eow 


THE     SELDEN     PUMP. 


Combines    Simplicity    and    Durability    to   a    Remarkable   Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

A.    CARB, 
43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 
Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v23-ly-eow 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 

RODGERS,  METER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADV1XOES  MADE 

On  .11  kind,  of  Ore.,  and  purtlcalnr  attentto. 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGN  MF.XT8  OF  OOOUS. 

ivlHm 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 
SWANSEA. 

RicnAitDKON  &  Co.  h&To  bflBD  for  thirty  yearn  entabliphei 
m  SwansiTin-i  A  cunts  for  the  iirt-jiaration.  Sampling,  A-*:it- 
ii»k,  Mini  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Gold,  Lead,  Zinc,  and  111 
oilier  Urun  und  BCatols,  for  v.  hicli  the)  bara  extensive  Ware- 
houHehttnd  Wharves  under  cover.  1,000  feet  ol  t/uav  Front- 
age  "11(1111  the  Floating  Dock,  and  tho  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Applianoes.  They  are  alno  prepared  to  nwiko 
adranoea  against  Urcs  in  anticipation  ol  rvalioition.  and  to 
gu&runtoo  all  payments  wlien  required.  Sv'.'.'-lja 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

4JS1  Hontgomery  St.  up  etulra. 

Particular  attention  given  to  tho  Analysis  of  Ores 
M  ineralB,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mineral  W liters', 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc.  ■ 

Ono  or  two  pupilB  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Assaying,  AnalytjiB,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 

LEOPOLD    KUH, 

{Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  3.  F.) 
Assayer  and  Metallnx*gficaw 

CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil    Commercial    Street* 

(Opposite  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint> 

San  Francisco,   Cal.  7v21-3ns 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

KIOTTi:  ,V    LUCKOIKUT. 

Ore*    (Jni»hed,    Sampled    and    Assayed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  mctallur- 
ical  queB  tions  given.  2Cv21-3m 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    S13    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Fbancisco. 

J.    A.    MAES,    Assayer. 
t&~  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc       10v2C 


a.  w.  8TBONQ, 


W.  L.  SXUONO 


C.  W.   STRONG   &.   CO., 
Metallurgical     Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Fbanoisoo 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  "Wire,  Etc.,  Etc, 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22?13 


ALL   NEW   AND    OLD    PEOCESSES 

—  OF  — 

Mining,  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately  described   and   discussed,    aud    the 

Latest    News 

From  American  aud  Foreign  Mines ;  together  with  the 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  the  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Club, 

and  other  Scientific  Bodies,  and 

WEEKLY    POPULAR    ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
Will  be  found  in  the 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R.  W.  RAYMOND  and  W.  P.  WARD,  Editors. 

Subscription,  $1,  currency,  per  annum ;  $2,26  for  six 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Company, 

WILLARD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Row,  New  York. 
P.  O.  Box  MM.  25v23-tl 


AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Roasting'    Rebellious    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oiydization  of  the  sulphuretB  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  Scientific  Phess  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONROE    THOMSON, 

At  444  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  5v23-3m 


80 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  3,  1872. 


The  Scientific  Press, 

Established  in  1860,  is  now  the  Largest,  Most 
Original,  Best  Illustrated  and  most  Ably  and 
Carefully  Edited  Practical  Mining  Journal  on 
the  Western  Continent.  Its  contents  are  made 
up  of  fresh  intelligence  in  a  condensed  and  inter- 
esting style,  easily  appropriated  by  the  reader, 
■who  finds  its  columns  replete  with  new  facts 
and  ideas  not  obtainable  in  the  books  of  the 
past  or  in  any  one  other  of  the  journals  of  the 
day. 

Varied  in  its  carefully  compiled  and  con- 
veniently arranged  departments,  representing 
the  special  and  leading  industries  of  the  Pacific 
States— Mining,  Mechanism,  Manufacturing, 
Building,  Improvements  and  Inventions — it 
becomes  a  weekly  informant  to  all  Scientific, 
Mechanical,  Manufacturing  and  Industrial 
Progressionists  on  the  coast,  an  immense  list 
of  whom  testify  to  its  pleasant,  profitable  and 
elevating  influence. 

The  progress  of  our  journal  has  been  steady 
and  unvarying.  Encouraged  by  a  liberal 
class  of  readers  who  exhibit  their  appreciation 
in  a  substantial  way,  we  shall,  with  our  in- 
creasing facilities,  experience  and  information, 
make  each  coming  issue  superior  to  its  prede- 
cessor. 

Let  every  friend  of  Science  and  Industry  on 
this  side  of  the  continent  take  pride,  not  only 
in  sustaining,  but  accelerating  the  advancement 
of  a  faithful  representative  of  its  highest  inter- 
ests by  subscribing  for  it  and  urging  its  patron- 
age by  others — now,  without  delay. 
Subscription  $i  a  year,  in  advance.    Address 

DEWET   &  00., 
Publishers  and  Patent  Agents,  338  Montgomery 
St.,  S.  E.  corner  California  St.,  S.  P. 


Dewey    &    Co.,    U.    S.    and 
Foreign  Patent  Solicitors 
and  Counsellors,  Scien- 
tific     Press     Office. 
Principal    Agency 
for  the  Pacific 
States.    Es- 
tablished 
i860. 


Plate  V  of  Illustrated  Mechanical  Movements,  described 
in  Dewey  k  Go's.  48  page  circular  of  Information  for 
Inventors.    Sent  post  paid  on  receipt  of  stamp. 

Patent  claims  for  Pacific  Coast  Inventors 
fully  secured  in  less  time  than  through,  any- 
other  agency  in  the  United  States,  and  at  less 
cost.  If  you  think  you  have  a  valuable  in- 
vention, consult  none  but  the  best  and  most 
reliable  counsellors.  They  -will  obtain  a  valid 
patent  if  new,  or  save  you  expense,  if  old,  by 
giving  you  honest  and  intelligent  advice.  All 
business  relating  to  patent  soliciting  transacted 
confidentially  and  thoroughly, 

DEWEY   «fc   CO., 

I*aten.t   Agents. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  diagonally 
opposite  "Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  office,  S.  F. 


NATHAN    &    DREYFUS' 

PATENT    SELF -OILERS 

And    Cylinder    Cups 

Save  from  75  to  95  per  cent,  of  Oil.  No  better  investment  for  the  amount 
can  he  made  by  any  person  having  machinery  or  running  shafting.  They 
are  so  well  known  as  to  need  no  description.  All  the  trouble  of  "oiling  up" 
is  avoided.  There  is  ne  waste  of  oil,  and  no  cans  are  needed.  A  single  trial 
will  prove  their  value. 

We  will  put  them  into  any  mill,  and  if  not  perfectly  satisfactory,  they 
may  be  returned  at  our  expense,  and  the  price  will  be  refunded.  We  havea 
large  stock  on  hand,  of  all  sizes,  adapted  to  all  descriptions  of  boxes. 

Send  for  Price  List  and  Circular. 

BERRY    &    PLACE, 

lv24-eow-tf  112  California  Street,  San  Francisoo. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 

GrXA.JSrT    POWDER,  A.  1YO,    2    GTAJST    POWDER,' 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

BAJfK     BL,A.9TI(fG,     COAL     MINES, 

AND    FOB    ALL    SUOH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROCK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  -when  exploded. 

Price.    SO  Cents  per    Pound.. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  last,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 

20v22-3ml6p  General  AgentB,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


^etlSHt*5,^  J/N  FRANKS 

'  &*u!Curciltf°meJourfP  i 

It  is  one  of  the  Largest,  best  Illustrated  and.  moat  Original 

and  Enterprising  Agricultural  Journals  in  America, 

and  has  no  rival  on  the  western  side  of  the 

Continent.    Its  circulation  is  Rapidly 

Increasing,  and  it  is  Very 

Popular  with  its 

Patrons. 

A.  NEW  HUft^eAJVDItY, 

as  it  were,  is  required  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  account  of  its 
peculiar  seasons,  soil,  climate  and  topography.  Tile  new 
discoveries,  ideas,  and  useful  hints  evolved  in  its  rapid 
progress,  are  to  be  observed  with  interest,  and  read,  as  re- 
ported in  the  Pacific  Rural,  with  profit  by  practical  and 
progressive  agriculturists  everywhere.  Sample  copies  of 
the  Press,  post  paid,  10  cts.    Subscription,  $4  a  year. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Oal.    Nov.,  1871 

Trade  Mark  Patents  for  Mer- 
chants and  Manufacturers 

Can  now  be  secured  to  advantage  under  the 
NEW  LAW  in  the  United  States.  Paities  in- 
terested will  be  furnished  with  all  information 
desired,  and  have  their  application  intelligently 
prepared  and  promptly  forwarded  to  the  Patent 
Office,  and  their  patents  secured  in  good  time, 
by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent 
Agents,  No.  414  Clay  street,  S.  P.  bp-16p 


MINING    BCTR,EA.TJ 


Pacific   Coast. 


Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Consulate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Building) ,  Room  32,  Third  floor. 

J,  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.^Hutohins,  secretary. 

N.  B,— Application  for  Registry  r  *r  Examination  a  nd 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  mad«  to  the  Be  cre- 
tary,  San  Francisco  office. 


t  COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  k  SCHEIDEL. 

'   Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysvillF  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  hap  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Q,uartz  and  Amalgamating  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GBIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDBAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  Bhort  notice,  e^  ery- 
thing  requiied  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
6v21-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  k  CO. 


H.    C.   BENNETT, 
STA.TISTIOI.A.W. 

Reports  and  estimates  made  about  all  departments  of 
Production,  Commerce,  and  Manufaolure,  of  the  Paoifio 
Coast.  5v24-tf 


W.  T.  OARRATT  &  CO- 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Mission  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Brass,  Zino  and  Anti-Friction  or  BabTjet  Metal 

CASTIN  OS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN  AND  ,ANB  HELLS,  GONU8, 
FIRE  ENQINEB,  FOROE  AND  LIFT  PUMPB, 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  aU  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
G-lobes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

B^~Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 


PER  and  BRASS. 
W.  T.  GABRATT, 


JAMES  BJLLMAN, 


6-tf 
W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPATJLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MAmrFACTUBEB  OF 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World, 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in  every  respect, 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills, 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  ROYER,  No.  137  Brannan  street, 
San  Francisco. 


MAGAZINES. 


Harper's 

Atlantio 

Godey 

New  York  Ledger 

Blackwood , 

Hours  at  Home 

Good  Words 

Peterson's 

Arthur    

Lady  sFriend 

Harper's  Weekly.... 

Chimney  Corner 

Literary  Album 

London  Society 

All  the  Year  Round- 
London  111.  News.  ... 


3  00 

5  00 

i6  00 
15  00 


W.  E.  LOOMIS, 
News  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansomeand 

Washington  streets, 

SUP  PLIES  ALL 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THE 

Tear,  Month,  or  Number, 


BETTS'S  CAPSULE  PATENTS. 

To  prevent  INFRINGEMENTS.  NOTICE  IS  HEREBY 
GIVEN,  that  BETTS'S  NAME  ia  ON  EVERY  CAPSULE 
he  makes  for  the  principal  merchants  in  England  and 
France,  thus  enabling  vendor,  purchaser,  and  consumer, 
not  only  to  identify  the  genuineness  of  the  Capsule,  but 
likewise  the  contents  of  the  vessel  to  which  it  is  applied. 
The  Lord  Chanoellor,  in  his  Judgment,  said  that  the  Cap- 
sules are  not  used  merely  for  the  purpose  of  the  ornament, 
but  that  they  are  serviceable  in  protecting  the  wine  from 
injury,  and  insuring  its  genuineness. 

Manufactories  :— 1.  WHARF  ROAD,  CITY  ROAD, 
LONDON,  AND  BORDEAUX,  FRANCE. 


Travelers'  Guide. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

February   1st,  187«. 


San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


LEAVE 

*J.00fm 
4.35  P  M 
4.10  P'M 


LEAVE. 

7.00  am 
7.35  am 

7.50  a  M 


..San  Francisoo. 

..Oakland 

.  San  Jose 


8.30  P  M 
8.00  pm 
8.30  p  M 


ARRIVE. 

"2,20  p  M 
1.50  P  M 
2.10  pm 


5.35PM     8.35am  ....Niles 

8.48pm  11.50am  ....Stockton.... 

10.45pm  1.45pm  — Sacramento. 

ARRIVE.        ARRIVE. 


7.05  p  M 
4.07  P  m 
2.20  p  M 
LEAVE. 


12.45  pm 
9.07  P  M 
7.15  am 

LEAVE. 


San  JFrancisco  &  San  Jose. 


LEAVE. 
3.00  P  M 
4.40  pm 
5.30  FM 
ARRIVE. 


. . .  San  Francisco. . . 

..  Niles 

...San  Jose 


ARRIVE. 

10.40  A  M 
8.35  am 
7.  0am 

LEAVE. 


5.30  P  M 
4.10  PM 

LEAVE. 


Stockton,  Lathrop    &  Merced. 


LEAVE. 


LEAVE. 

I     7.35  PM 

*9.45  AM      8.25  pm 

11.35  PM      9.45  pm 

2.40  PM    12.15AM 

ARRIVE.   I  ARRIVE, 


...Stockton.. 
...Lathrop... 
...Modesto... 
...Merced... , 


ARRIVE.     ARRIVE. 
10.20  A  Ml      

9.30  am  "3.20  pm 
8.13am  6.45  I'M 
5.45AM  3.30PM 
LEAVE.   |   LEAVE. 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  Ogden. 


LEAVE, 

2.00  pm 

5.15  P_ 
12.45  am 

9.10  am 
12.00  M 

4.40  pm 


..Sacramento - 

..Colfax 

..Reno 

,  .Winnemucca 

, -Battle  Mountain. 

..Elko 

..Ogden 


ARRIVE. 

*2.00pm 

10.20  am 
2.10  am 
4.15  PM 
1,25  P  M 
8.  45  AM 
5 -20  p  M 
LEAVE. 


Sa cramento,  Marysville    &   Red   Bluff. 


LEAVE. 
*8.45  AM 
10.25  A  M 


LEAVE.  | 

2.35  pm  — Sacramento  . 

_     3.25  pm  Junction 

1.50  pm     5.15  pm Marysville.... 

8.00pm     8.35pm  ....Tehama 

9.30  r  m  . . .  .Red  Bluff. .. . 

ARRIVE  I  ARRIVE.  | ■ 


ARRIVE.  I  ARRIVE. 

1.05  PM  "4.45  PM 

12.15PM       3.25PM 

10.20  am  12.00  M 
6.50am     5.30  am 

6.00  AM  

LEAVE.    I  LEAVE. 


San  ;  Francisco,  "Vallejo    &    Calistoga. 


Leave 
"4.30  P  M 
6,30  PM 
7.28  P  M 
9.10  PM 
Arrive 


Leave 

7.30  am 
8.30  A  M 
10.40  A  M 
1.00  p  M 
Arrivo 


..San  Francisco. 

...Vallejo 

.  .Napa 

..Calistoga 


Arrive. 

8.00  r  m 
G.05  e  m 
4.60  pm 
3.00  pm 
Leave. 


Arrive. 
"12.15  pm 
10.:i0  P  M 
9.30  pm 
8.00  a  m 
Leave. 


San  Francisco,  Vallejo  &  Knight's  Landing-  „ 


Leave 
t7.30  A  M 

9.35  am 
12.05  p  w 

1.00  p  u 
Arrive 


Leave 
*4.00  p  M 

6.35  PM 
10.10  PM 
11.45  PM 
Arrive 


...San  Francisco.. 

...Vallejo 

...DavU 

. . . Knight's  Land's 


Arrive  (  Arrive 
a^.l5PMl  ts.OOPM 
10.30  pm  6.05  PM 
7.10  pm  :i.l'PM 
5.30  a  m|  2.30  pm 
Leave  Leave 


San  Francisco  <&  BCealdsburg. 


Leave 

•2.00  P  M 
4.35  p  M 
5.00  P  M 
H.OO  P  M 

6  .45  P  M 

San  Francisco.  .. 

"il.OOAM 
8.45  AM 
8.20  A  M 
7.30  A  M 
6.45  A  M 

Arrive 

Arrive. 

Leave. 

Stockton,   Milton  & 

Oak  Bale. 

Leave 

"11,25  AM 

12.42  PM 

1.32  p  M 

—  Stockton 

Arrive 
"4.25  P  M 
3.02  P  M 
2.12  PM 

....Oak  Dale 

2.00  pm| 

CAL.  P.  K.  R.  CU.'S  STEAMcKS. 

Leave.  I  Leave,  i  l   Arrive.  I   Arrive. 

"4.00  P  M  "4.00  pm..  .  .San  Francisco. , . .  "10.00  P  M  *8.00  P  M 

6.00  pm    I....  Vallejo 6.00  pm 

7.00pm    6.00pm Benicia 8.00pm     5.00pm 

2.00  am  ....Stockton 2.00  pm  

2.00  am    ....Sacramento 12.00  m. 

Arrive.  |  Arrivo   I  I    Leave.  I  Leave. 


Explanation. 

For  trains  running  "from"  San  Francisco,  toke  the  left 
hand  columns  and  read  downwards,  or  "Eastward." 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  hand  columns  and  read  upwards,  or  '  Westward." 


OAKLAND  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francisco.  7  00, 
810,9  2  ,10  10  and  11  20  a.m.,  12  10,1  50,  3  00,  4  00,  5  15,630,  8  08 
9.20  and  "11  30  p.  m.    (9  20,  11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  "5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  in.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5  40,  6  50,  BOO,  9  10,  10  00,  and  1110  a. 
m.,  12  00, 1  40,  2  50,  3  50,  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 


ALAMEDA  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
md  11 15  a.  m..  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  Ou  p.  m.  (7  10, 11 15,  and 
5  30.  to  Fruit  Vale  only).    . 

Leave  Haywards,  *4  30, 7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  "5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  11  20  a.  m.,  1  30, 
1  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 


"Sundays  excepted.       tSundaya  only. 


T.  H.  GOOPMAN, 

Gen'  1  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. 


A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Supt. 


Hubbard,   Lippincott,    Bakewell  &   Co. 


^MoV^TDOtHEoV 


.MANUFACTUEEKS. 

J.  E*  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  are  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lippeneott  £ 
Tutlle's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  o 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbard  Bro.  &  Co.  and  LrppENCorr  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADES. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  will  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest  Market  Prices, ] 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

BSP*  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  address 
HUBBARD,  LIPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  k  CO., 
"  mall-16p-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


ACTIVE  MEN! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN    CANVASSINO 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
of  er«  the  SOIENT1FIO  PEESS  and  the  PAOCIO^KC- 
RAL  PKESS,  No.  Hi  Olay  street,  S.  F.| 


it  V     DEWEY    .V    <•<>. 
P*tenl   Solicitor*. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  10,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
JN  11  in  I  »or    G. 


United  States  Signal  Service. 

In  our  issue  of  January  CtU,  wo  gave 
a  sketch  of  the  extended  system  of  meteoro- 
logical reports,  which  has  recently  been  in- 
troduced l>y  the  War  Department  at 
Washington,  for  tho  bonetit  of  navigation, 
and  tho  pooplo  generally,  and  alluded  to 
the  ability  and  general  plan  of  tho  sys- 
tem. To-day  wo  are  enabled  to  givo  a 
specimen  of  tho  weather  map  which  is 
daily  published  in  Washington  and  sev- 
eral other  of  the  principal  cities  of  tho 
Union,  and  which  will  convoy  to  tho  read- 
er a  more  definito  idea  of  the  character 
of  the  information  given,  aud  the  facility 
with  which  it  may 
be  presented  on  a 
map.  The  accom- 
panying map  is  a 
facsimile,  on  a  re- 
d  u  c  o  d  scale  —  a 
portion  only  of  the 
stations  being  giv- 
en —  of  the  one 
published  Septem- 
ber  27th,  1871. 
This  map  can  be 
prepared  at  any 
station  from  the 
regular  weather 
reports  which  are 
first  transmitted 
from  the  several 
stations  to  the  chief 
station  at  Wash- 
ton,  and  there  tab- 
ulated and  sent  out 
as  a  whole,  to  all 
the  chief  commer- 
cial and  business 
cities  of  the  coun- 
try. 

Tho  use  of  the 
characters  indi- 
cating rain,  snow, 
clear,  fair  and 
cloudy  will  be 
readily  understood;  the  arrow  flies  with 
the  wind;  the  figures  placed  in  immediate 
connection  with  the  characters  are  ex- 
plained as  follows:  The  first  figures  show 
the  state  of  tho  thermometer;  the  middle 
four  figures  show  the  velocity  of  the  wind 
in  miles  per  hour;  the  absence  of  the  arrow 
and  figures  showing  velocity  of  wind  in- 
dicate calm  weather. 

The  popular  belief  in  man's  ability  to 
forecast  the  weather  is  as  old  as  history, 
and  "weather  sharps"  have  always  been 
met  with  in  every  community,  savage  or 
civilized.  But  it  is  only  since  the  tele- 
graph has  enabled  a  single  observer  to  ex- 
tend his  observation,  simultaneously  over 
an  immense  region  of  country,  that  weather 
predictions  have  been  reduced  to  some- 
thing like  a  science.  By  the  aid  of  the 
telegraph  the  observer  at  Washington,  is 
enabled  to  become  informed  of  the  exist- 
ence of  a  storm,  a  thousand  miles  or  more 
away,  to  study  its  motions  and  characteris- 
tics, and  thus  mark  out  its  future  course 
and  give  the  necessary  warnings  to  be  pre- 
pared for  its  coming.  Although  the  Signal 


Service  has  already  proven  of  immense 
practical  value  to  commerce,  for  the  advance 
of  which  it  is  more  especially  intended,  it  is 
as  yet  by  no  means  claimed  that  sufficient 
data  have  been  collected  to  establish  it  as 
an  exaot  science;  but  it  is  belioved  that 
the  system  now  inaugurated,  will,  if 
faithfully  persevered  in,  lead  to  develop- 
ments which  will  be  far  more  useful  thau 
it  now  is  to  tho  public. 


For  the  Pkotection  op  Miners. — The 
following  bill  was  recently  introduced  in 
the  Assembly  for  tho  purpose  of  protecting 
the  health  and  lives  of  miners.  The  first 
section  reads  as  follows  : 


The     Excitement    in    Stocks. 

Tho  Stock  Brokers  have  had  quite  a 
lively  time  of  it  for  some  days.  Ever 
since  the  announcement  on  tho  ovening  of 
the  2d  inst.  that  a  rich  body  of  ore  had 
been  struok  in  the  Savage  mine,  which 
carried  that  stock  up  aud  influenced  many 
others,  California  street  has  been  in  a 
high  state  of  excitement.  On  Saturday 
the  sales  at  a  single  session  of  the  San 
Francisco  Stock  Exchange  Board,  amount- 
ed to  the  large  sum  of  SI, 300, 000  and  with 
the  sales  in  the  new  Board  and  on  the 
street  the  total  for  the  day  is  estimated  at 
$2,000,000.  Of  course  a  number  of  the 
sales  were  on  time.  Monday's  transactions 
were  thought  to  have  amounted  to  the  un- 
precedented sum  of    $3,500,000,   and    on 


SPECIMEN 


Section  1.  It  shall  not  be  lawful  for  any 
corporation,  association,  owner  or  owners 
of  quartz  mining  claims  within  the  State 
of  California,  where  suoh  corporation,  as- 
sociation, owner  or  owners  employ  twelve 
men  daily,  to  sink  down  into  such  mine  or 
mines  any  perpendicular  shaft  or  inclines 
beyond  a  depth  from  the  surface  of  three 
hundred  feet,  without  providing  a  second 
mode  of  egress  from  such  mine  in  case  of 
fire  or  other  accident  that  might  occur  to 
the  main  shaft  or  incline. 

The  remainder  of  the  bill  requires  all 
mine  owners  included  within  the  first  sec- 
tion, to  commence  to  sink  an  additional 
shaft  to  connect  with  the  main  working 
level.  If  any  mine  owner  or  corporation 
shall  fail  to  provide  for  the  proper  egress, 
and  any  accident  shall  occur  on  that  ac- 
count, the  owner  or  corporation  shall  be 
liable  for  damages,  and  when  death  shall 
ensue,  the  heirs  or  assigns  of  the  deceased 
may  maintain  action  for  damages  under 
"the  Act  requiring  compensation  for  caus- 
ing death  by  wrongful  act,  neglect  or  de- 
fault, approved  April  26th,  1862."  The 
law  shall  take  effect  six  months  after  its 
passage. 

The  snow  blockade  still  continues,  but 
the  postmaster  here  expects  to  receive  an 
Eastern  mail  to-night, 


UNITED     STATES     SIGNAL     SERVICE 


Tuesday  the  sales  at  the  morning  session 
alone  aggregated  a  million  dollars  during 
a  three-hours  session.  The  mines  that 
have  appreciated  in  value  within  the  past 
few  days  are  principally  on  the  Comstock 
lode.  There  is  little  doubt  that  considera- 
ble bodies  of  fine  ore  have  been  recently 
discovered  in  mines  located  on  the  lode, 
but  there  is  not  much  reason  to  suppose 
that  dividends  can  be  declared  in  propor- 
tion to  warrant  thewonderful  advance  that 
certain  stocks  have  taken.  However  this 
is  a  matter  of  opinion,  and  people  when 
they  get  excited  in  stock  operations 
seldom  wish  to  be  warned  or  advised  as  to 
their  investments,  still  it  will  be  well  per- 
haps to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers  to 
the  experiences  of  1863  and  the  White 
Pine  fever,  and  suggest  that  if  they  have 
any  spare  dollars  safely  lodged  in  the  sav- 
ings bank,  to  let  them  rest  there  and  trust 
in  the  legitimate  increase,  rather  than  risk 
hard  earned  savings  in  "  stocks  "  with  the 
hope  of  sudden  fortunes. 

It  is  of  course  to  be  hoped  that  the  rich 
developments  said  to  have  been  made  are 
matters  of  fact  and  that  the  mines  which 
have  so  materially  increased  in  value  will 
prove  themselves  worth  the  highest  prices 
paid  for  them.  Thus  far  however  there  are 
no  means  of  judging  of  the  facts  for  want 
of  reliable  information  on  the  subject. 


California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

The  regular  meeting  of  the  Academy  of 
Sciences  was  held  on  the  5th  inst.,  and  the 
following  named  gentlemen  were  elected 
resident  members:  Dr.  J.  Bluxome,  Dr. 
C.  M.  Bates,  John  O.  Earle,  C.  A.  Wet- 
more,  Henry  Carleton  and  O.  D.  Munson. 
Eight  new  members  were  proposed. 

Due  notice  having  been  given,  the  con- 
sideration of  the  following  addition  to  the 
by-laws  was  taken  up  and  adopted: 

Resolved.  That  the  officers  of  this  society 
are  prohibited  from  incurring  any  indebt- 
edness on  behalf  of  this  society,  unless  au- 
thorized by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  or  by  a 
vote  of  the  Acad- 
emy at  a  regular 
meeting. 

Donations. 
F.  E  mile  Durand 
presented  a  com- 
bination of  a  u  1- 
phate  of  baryta 
and  sulphate  of 
lime,  taken  from 
the  Re  ding  ton 
quicksilver  mine, 
in  Lake  county  ; 
also,  two  curious 
crystallizations  of 
oxide  of  zino,  re- 
producing the  cor- 
al form,  and  show- 
ing how  near  crys- 
talline form  can 
reproduce  the  ap- 
pearance of  organ- 
ized bodies. 

The  Secretary 
announced  the  re- 
ceipt of  61  speci- 
mens of  bird  skins 
and  a  variety  of 
seeds  from  the  New 
Zealand  Academy 
of  Sciences  in  re  ■ 
turn  for  a  collec- 
tion of  California  cones  sent  to  them. 
The  subject  of  inviting  inventors  to  pro- 
duce their  inventions,  with  a  general  dis- 
cussion of  their  merits  before  the  Society, 
was  discussed,  but  it  was  considered  un- 
necessary so  to  do  as  the  Society  had 
dropped  the  word  "  Natural "  from  its  cor- 
porate name  with  a  view  of  extending  its 
sphere  of  usefulness  by  permitting  discus- 
sions on  all  branches  of  Science. 

Dr.  Cooper  announced  that  the  Mechan- 
ics' Institute  had  tendered  for  the  use  of 
the  society,  at  a  moderate  rent,  the  upper 
floor  of  its  building,  which  would  much 
better  accommodate  the  Academy  than  the 
rooms  now  occupied. 

Sacbamento  Valley  Beet  Sugar  Company. — 
This  company  with  a  view  of  largely  extending 
their  operations,  propose  to  increase  their  capi- 
tal stock— which  is  now  S100.000— to  $200,000, 
and  have  given  notice  for  a  meeting  of  the 
stockholders  for  that  purpose.  This  does  not 
look  much  like  a  backing  down  of  the  new 
enterprise,  and  we  congratulate  the  stockhold- 
ers of  the  company  on  their  successful  endeav- 
ors to  place  this  valuable  industry,on  a  perma- 
nent and  paying  basis. 


82 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS; 


[February  10,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


MiniDg  and  Other  Matters  in  Montana. 

Editoks  Pkess: — Having  occasion  to  pay 
a  visit  to  Meagher  County,  the  past  week, 
I  beg  the  privilege,  as  your  occasional 
correspondent,  to  jot  down  some  items 
gleaned  during  my  trip  to  that  interesting 
portion  of  our  Territory.  In  company 
■with  a  friend  we  sleighed  from  Helena  to 
Staffordsville— formerly  Canon  Ferry,  on 
the  Missouri  river,  about  18  miles  distant. 
The  ferry  appurtenances  were  there,  but  we 
crossed  the  river  upon  ice  16  inches  thick, 
and  were  glad  to  arrive  at  the  hospitable 
door  of  mine  host,  Capt.  Stafford.  Around 
his  genial  hearth  we  met  several  honest 
miners,  sturdy  ranchmen,  and  stockmen, 
who  were  "snowbound"— all  enjoying  the 
indoor  comforts,  the  more  pleasureable  by 
contrast  with  the  severe  cold  and  deep 
snow  without.  We  tarried  a  day  and 
gathered  much  valuable  information  for 
the  Pkess  from  the  weather-bound  visi- 
tants. 

A  Snowless  Region. 

From  Mr.  Weatley  Basey  we  learned 
that  about  900  head  of  cattle  had  been 
driven  from  the  Deep  Creek  country — 
when  the  snow  was  two  feet  deep — to  the 
Mussle  river — where  there  is  no  snow,  only 
about  30  miles  distant  eastward.  About 
1,100  remained,  and  the  ranchmen  were 
proposing  to  remove  the  remainder  to  that 
section. 

It  is  passing  strange  that  whilst  all  over 
the  Territory  so  much  snow  has  fallen  and 
now  lays  upon  the  ground,  about  two  feet 
on  a  general  level,  that  the  portion  of 
country  alluded  to  extending  over  many 
miles,  should  be  exempt.  The  bunch 
grass  was  18  inches  high,  seeded,  and  nu- 
tritious, and  thousands  of  cattle  could  be 
wintered  there,  safe  from  the  voracious 
wolves,  and  in  danger  only  from  the  possi- 
ble appearance  of  vast  herds  of  buffalo 
which  were  in  the  Judith  basin,  or  might 
at  any  time  cross  the  range  to  that  invit- 
ing pasture. 

Desirable  Locality. 

The  captain  has  one  of  the  most  invit- 
ing, romantic,  and  profitable  locations  in 
Montana.  It  is  the  concentrating  point 
for  the  miners  and  ranchmen;  whilst,  as 
he  informed  us,  30  or  more  strangers  have 
found  comfortable  beds  with  him  during 
this  present  "cold  spell."  He  will  have  a 
new  wire  rope  soon,  to  span  the  river — 
which  is  500  feet  wide  just  below  the  canon. 
"We  noticed  two  or  three  yoke  teams  busy 
hauling  saw-logs  to  the  mill  from  the  ad- 
jacent hills — which  gives  employment  to  a 
dozen  or  more  men,  chopping  timber. 
When  they  came  in  at  night  they  seemed 
to  be  men  of 
'  'Happy  yesterdays,  and  confident  to-morrows. J ' 

The  cackling  of  hens,  cooing  of  pigeons, 
squealing  of  numerous  swine,  and  lowing 
of  the  herds  as  they  come  in  from  the  foot- 
hills, reminded  us  forcibly  of  Gray's  cele- 
brated elegy,  and,  altogether,  presented  a 
picture  of  this  far-off  mountain  country, 
which  in  comfort  and  pleasantness  would 
not  suffer  by  comparison  with  any  portion 
of  our  highly-favored  land. 
We  were  also  informed  that  the  TroutCreek 
Ditch,  which  has  been  in  progress  for  the 
past  two  years,  will  surely  be  completed 
early  this  spring,  and  will  give  employ- 
ment to  a  large  number  of  miners,  as  it  is 
estimated  that  at  least  600  acres  of  bench 
placer  mining  will  be  brought  into  pro- 
ductiveness. The  capacity  of  the  ditch  is 
1,000  inches,  and  length  14  miles. 

After  the  warm  parting  greetings  and  a 
"sleigh  cup,"  the  next  morning,  early, 
with  sleigh-bells  jingling,  we  dashed  off 
up  the  valley.  The  snow  outside  of  the 
well-beaten  tract  was  about  2%  feet  deep. 
We  passed  several  ranchos  on  the  way;  the 
houses  were  comfortable  looking,  and 
around  the  large  ricks  of  hay  and  straw- 
stacks  the  cattle  in  great  numbers  were 
grouped,  seeming  to  be  well  cared  for. 

Blackwell's  Station  or  Glenmorc. 
.  After  a  two  hours  drive  of  twelve  miles 
over  the  crisp  snow,  we  arrived  at  the  hos- 
pitable home  of  the  Messrs.  Blackwells — 
Glenmore,  we  named  it,  formerly  called 
Blackwell's  Station.  Here,  in  the  wintor 
time,  all  travelers,  belated  or  otherwise, 
find  all  the  comforts  of  the  aristocratic 
English  farmer's  warm  welcome,  with  fire 


places  as  large  as  their  hearts,  cosy  beds, 
groaning  tables,  and  a  welcome  so  hearty 
that  the  frost  at  once  melts  from  our 
beards  and  we  indeed  feel  "  at  home." 

This  rancho  needs  more  than  a  passing 
notice.  About  five  years  ago  four  poor 
English  boys  with  their  aged  parents 
settled  here,  and  have,  by  their  own  indus- 
try and  energy,  now  an  inviting  home  and 
the  largest  and  most  productive  farm  upon 
the  Missouri  valley.  The  land  lays  just 
along  the  foothills  which  here  are  very 
precipitous,  and  extend  outwards  and 
along  the  high  bench  of  land  overlooking 
the  river  from  a  distance.  It  is  watered 
by  White's  gulch.  The  system  of  irriga- 
tion adopted  here  is  the  most  complete  we 
have  seen.  They  have  about  200  acres  in 
cultivation  and  will  add  more  next  year; 
they  had  80  acres  in  wheat,  which  yielded 
30  bushels  to  the  acre;  the  wheat  is  the 
Chili  and  Club  wheat,  and  makes  splendid 
flour.  It  is  perfectly  free  from  smut  and 
every  other  impurity.  Their  oat  crop 
yielded  40  bushels  to  the  acre  and  weighed 
401bs  to  the  bushel,  and  is  of  the  "  Sur- 
prise "  variety.  The  grains  are  almost 
as  large  as  the  celebrated  Montana  rye. 
Their  potato  crop  yielded  200  bushels 
per  acre. 

The  stock  upon  this  farm  looked  better 
than  any  we  saw,  as  they  had  good  shelters 
and  an  abundance  of  hay  and  straw.  The 
horses  and  cattle  have  lived  for  the  most- 
part  upon  the  bunch  grass  growing  upon 
the  steep  declivities  of  the  hillsides. 

In  my  next  letter  I  will  write  about 
matters,  etc.,  in  and  about  Diamond  City. 
Eagle  Quill. 

Helena,  Montana,  Jan.  17,  '72. 

Inyo  County  Mining  Matters. 

Editobs  Feess;— Having  missed  your 
correspondent  "Crowquill's"  letters' from 
the  columns  of  your  valuable  paper,  for 
some  time,  I  thought  I  would  take  up  the 
cudgel  and  drop  you  a  few  notes  of  the 
doings  of  our  county.  Winter  has  set  in 
in  earnest.  The  mountain  ranges  on 
either  side  of  the  valley  of  the  Owens 
river  are  covered  to  the  depth  of  several 
feet  with  snow;  and  times  are  looking 
brighter  for  the  miners  and  furnace-men 
and  for  everybody  in  general,  than  they 
have  for  some  months  previous.  The 
furnaces  in  Cerro  Gordo,  Swansea,  and 
Lone  Pine,  (Cervantes)  are  in  full  blast. 

The  Kearsarge  Co. 
After  an  expenditure  of  nearly  840,000 
through  mismanagement  and  ignorance  in 
amalgamating  the  ores,  have  closed  their 
labors  for  the  season  with  liabilities  of 
about  ^20,000;  for  which  an  attachment 
rests  upon  the  properly.  It  seems  strange 
that,  with  the  amount  of  capital  this 
company  has  invested,  that  when  they 
get  a  man  in  their  employ  that  does  under- 
stand the  amalgamation  of  their  ores,  and 
make  a  profit  to  the  company,  that  a  few 
dollars  more  or  less,  in  the  shape  of  salary, 
should  deprive  them  of  his  services — yet 
such  is  the  fact. 

The  Eclipse  Co.,  during  the  present 
season,  have  completed  30  stamps  in  their 
new  mill  and  have  them  running,  and  un- 
der correct  management,  this  will  be  a 
success. 

A  Tramway  and  Hoisting  Works. 
A  tramway  2%  miles  in  length  connecting 
the  mine  with  the  mill  is  nearly  completed 
and  is  a  great  saving  even  now,  in  the 
transportation  of  the  ore;  but  will  be  of 
vastly  more  saving  when  connected  with 
the  tramway  of  the  incline  shaft  of  the 
mine. 

Steam  hoisting  works  are  now  in  course 
of  erection  at  the  mouth  of  the  mine, 
which,  when  completed  will  add  to  the 
profits  of  the  working  of  the  different 
ores  contained  in  this  mine. 

Something  Unusual 
Is  to  be  seen  in  this  mine.  Directly  under 
the  hanging  wall  is  a  belt  of  argentiferous 
galena,  sub-lying  which  is  a  belt  of 
silver-bearing  quartzite,  similar  to  the 
ores  of  Cerro  Gordo,  and  of  equal  richness, 
whilst  underneath,  the  ledge  is  composed 
of  gold-bearing  rock.and  which  is  worked 
by  mill  process  for  the  free  gold  it  eon- 
tains.  The  whole  ledge  being  nearly  9 
feet  in  thickness.  Mr.  A.  J.  Close  of  this 
place  is  now  erecting  a  smelting  works  for 
this  company,  on  the  same  plan  in  use  in 
other  parts  of  this  county,  which  will  be 
in  running  order  by  the  20th  of  Jan.,  1872. 
The  furnaces  are  of  about  the  same  capa- 
city as  those  of  Mr.  W.  Belshaw  &  Co.  of 
Cerro  Gordo. 

Waucoba  District. 

This  district  is  attracting  considerable  at- 


tention at  present,  so  in  view  of  that  fact 
I  think  a  description  will  not  be  amiss  in 
this  place. 

The  district  is  named  after  one  of  the 
Indian  chiefs  of  that  section  and  was  loca- 
ted by  Mr.  I.  Freeborn  &  Co.,  some  three 
years  ago.  It  is  situated  30  or  40  miles 
east  of  Independence,  on  the  eastern  slope 
of  the  Inyo  mountains  and  contains  an 
abundance  of  wood  and  water  and  is  des- 
tined to  be  a  formidable  rival  to  Cerro 
Gordo  in  the  smelting  reduction  of  its 
ores;  the  veins  being  chiefly  of  the  base 
metal  order. 

The  Mines  of  Cerro  Gordo   ' 
Are  improving  in  extent  and  richness  daily. 
A  rich  strike  was  made  in  the  Wittekind 
a  few  days  ago. 

The  Omega  Tunnel  Co.  have  struck  a 
heavy  mass  of  galena  in  their  tunnel  and 
are  running  it  to  the  surface  as  fast  as  pos- 
ible. 

The  Santa  Maria  Mill  has  just  been  sold 
by  the  Sheriff  for  the  sum  of  $101,000  to 
Mr.  P.  W.  Bennett,  to  satisfy  a  judgment 
in  his  favor  for  $97,000  and  costs  of  suit, 
and  is  now  being  worked  to  its  fullest  ex- 
tent by  Mr.  B.  &  Co.  Exile. 


San  Diego  Mines. 

Eds.  Peess: — Since  my  last  letter,  we 
have  had  quite  a  mining  excitement,  in 
fact,  greater  than  we  have  ever  experienced 
in  this  camp  before.  After  the  rich  clean- 
up of  the  Big  Blue  Co. ,  many 

Prospectors 
Visited  that  locality,  which  is  situated 
half  a  mile  east  of  the  Helvetia,  to  hunt  for 
the  extension;  they  did  not  prospect  long 
until  the  Bush  brothers  struck  a  very  rich  de- 
posit or  ledge,  said  to  be  richer  than  the 
Big  Blue;  then  Mr.  Puntney,  from  San 
Felipe,  found  another  near  by,  for  which 
the  Bush  boys  paid  him  $50,  he  having 
worked  on  it  only  one  day.  M.  A.  Lewis 
found  another  rich  deposit  or  ledge,  on 
which  he  pounded  out  $27  from  four 
pounds  of  rock,  and  the  Bush  boys  paid 
him  $400  for  his  claim  to  prevent  any  con- 
flict of  title;  this  raised  a  big  excitement, 
and  for  many  days  Big  Blue  Hill  had  from 
100  to  150  men  on  it  prospecting,  a  num- 
ber of  whom  found  and  located  rich  de- 
posits of  quartz.  Some  half  dozen  tunnel 
sites  have  been  located,  and  tunnels  com- 
menced for  the  purpose  of  running  into  the 
hill  to  strike  the  main  ledge,  which  every- 
body supposes  is  the  origin  of  the  rich  float 
rock  and  slides  which  abound  in  this  vicin- 
ity. The  Bailey  brothers  in  San  Felipe 
Canon,  have  completed  their  large  over- 
shot water  wheel,  which  works  like  a 
charm,  running  their  small  five-stamp  bat- 
tery, crushing  four  tons  of  ore  per  day 
from  the 

Ready  Relief, 
Which  is  paying  well.  It  is  the  south- 
ern extension  of  the  Redman  mine;  the 
boys  are  in  a  fair  way  to  realize  a  fortune; 
they  run  the  ore  in  cars  within  ten  feet  of 
the  battery,  have  a  ledge  six  or  eight  feet 
wide,  and  it  costs  them  but  a  trifle  to  crush 
it;  they  first  burn  the  ore  in  a  furnace 
near  the  battery;  they  do  all  their  own 
work  in  the  mine  and  mill,  so  that  the  re- 
turns from  the  ore  are  nearly  clear  profit; 
the  mine  is  looking  well,  showing  free 
gold  in  a  great  deal  of  the  ore.  The  boys 
say  they  are  working  on  the  500  foot  level, 
as  they  have  the  face  of  the  hill  before 
them  and  quartz  all  the  way  to  the  top, 
about  500  or  600  feet  above  them. 

Mr.  A.  W.  Whitney  has  got  a  large  new 
pump  in  the  Bedman  mine  and  hopes  to 
have  no  further  difficulty  in  keeping  the 
water  out,  so  they  can  take  out  rock  with- 
out further  detention. 

From  the  famous 

Golden  Chariot 
Ledge  the  company  are  still  taking  out  the 
richest  ore  ever  seen  in  the  country,  and 
packing  it  to  Whitney's  Mill,  where  they 
are  sure  of  getting  about  $200  per  ton.  The 
last  crushing  returned  about  $190,  and 
they  are  confident  that  the  ore  now  being 
taken  out  is  better  than  any  ever  taken  out 
before;  the  ledge  is  large,  being  from  six 
to  nine  feet.  All  of  our  other  mines  are 
looking  well  as  usual. 

Climate,  Etc. 

In  my  last  letter  I  promised  to  say 
something  of  the  climate  of  San  Diego 
county,  but  I  am  so  crowded  for  time  and 
space,  I  will  only  tell  you  what  I  have  seen, 
and  then  your  readers  can  draw  their  own 
conclusions.  On  the  12th  day  of  December 
I  was  in  San  Diego  City  and  saw  a  lemon, 
just  cut  from  a  bush  only  two  years  old, 


full  grown  and  of  the  largest  size.  On 
the  road  down  to  the  city  I  saw  farmer 
gather  his  second  crop  of  potatoes  from 
the  same  ground,  yielding  200  bushels  per 
acre.  Now  the  hills  are  covered  with 
flowers,  all'  over  Julian  and  Banner  Dis- 
tricts. We  have  had  copious  showers  of 
rain,  and  farmers  are  in  high  hopes  of  a 
plentiful  harvest,  such  as  they  have  not 
had  for  three  years  past.  In  consequence 
of  the  three  years  drouth  through  which 
we  have  just  passed,  the  above  facts  will 
give  your  readers  a  better  idea  of  our  cli- 
mate than  all  I  could   say  in  a  long  letter. 

L.  B.  H. 

Julian  City,  Jan.  20. 
Mining  in  Placer  and  El  Dorado. 

Editobs  Pkess: — Having  just  returned 
from  Placer  and  El  Dorado  counties,  I  am 
prepared  to  say  that  the  miners  were 
never  in  better  spirits,  and  good  cause 
have  they  for  being  jubilant.  Water  is 
abundant,  and  the  piles  of  dirt  which  ac- 
cumulated during  the  dry  seasons  prove 
rich,  and  the  labor  of  past  years  is  meeting 
its  just  reward. 

In  and  about  Auburn  there  rages  what 
might  be  called  a  "  quartz  fever,"  and  the 
hopes  would  seem  to  be  not  at  all  mis- 
placed. A  number  of  Sacramentans  are  in- 
terested in  the  Ella  quartz  mine,  in  El  Do- 
rado county,  about  two  miles  distant  from 
Auburn  station.  The  Union  of  a  late  date 
referring  to  the  discovery  of  this  ledge, 
says: — "In  November  last,  J.  J.  Orr,  while 
out  deer  hunting,  discovered  the  croppings 
and  told  his  friend,  George  W.  Paget, 
and  they  together  with  Samuel  J.  Hunt, 
determined  to  organize  a  company  to  de- 
velop the  claim." 

Some  flood,  probably  in  '52  or  '62, 
washed  off  five  or  six  acres  of  land  and 
opened  the  ledge  about  500  or  600  feet  be- 
low the  croppings.  The  Ella  claim  is  sit- 
uated on  a  point  of  land  tending  to  the 
North  Fork  of  the  American  River.  The 
ledge  is  3,000  feet  long  and  six  feet  wide, 
with  a  shaft  sunk  to  the  depth  of  30  feet. 
There  are  fifteen  stockholders,  each  hold- 
ing 200  feet.  The  stockholders  are  Hart 
Fellows,  G.  W.  Paget,  J.  J.  Orr,  M.  T. 
Brewer,  John  H.  Johnson,  Samuel  L. 
Hunt  and  others,  all  Sacramentans.  The 
rock  from  this  ledge  yields  $50  to  the  ton. 
The  Ella  claim  is  two  miles  in  a  south- 
westerly direction  from  the  celebrated 
Great  Crevice  mine  at  Murderer's  Bar, 
which  yielded  more  than  half  a  million  of 
dollars  in  the  palmy  days  of  '49  and  '50, 
when  Col.  J.  C;  Potter  and  other  well- 
known  Californians  had  fingers  in  that 
auriferous  pie.  New  steam  machinery, 
now  stored  in  this  city  and  intended  for 
the  Great  Crevice,  will  be  forwai-ded  to 
Murderer's  Bar  as  soon  as  the  roads  are  in 
good  condition. 

The  farmers  in  this,  Yolo,  Sutter,  and 
all  adjoining  counties,  are  in  excellent 
Bpirits  and  hard  at  work.  Everything 
looks  promising  for  a  bountiful  harvest — 
and  a  good  time  for  everybody.  You  have 
no  doubt  noticed  the  interesting  and 
cheering  report  made  day  before  yester- 
day by  the  Directors  of  the  State  Agricul- 
tural Society.  Reflex. 


Comstook  Oee. — Ore  is  now  being  ex- 
tracted from  the  1200-foot  level  of  the  Bel- 
cher and  Crown  Point  mines,  says  the  Ter- 
ritorial Enterprise,  which  is  precisely  the 
same  as  the  rich  black  sulphuret  ores 
that  were  found  in  former  times  in  the 
Gould  and  Curry,  Ophir  and  Mexican 
mines.  We  again  see  the  old  familar  black 
sulphuret  specimens  passed  from  hand  to 
hand  or  exhibited  in  cabinets  of  yore.  It 
would  seem  as  though  we  are  now  passing 
into  a  new  zone  in  our  mines,  a  zone  in 
which  the  black  sulphuret  ores  are  again 
to  predominate  as  they  at  first  did  in  that 
at  present  known.  Whether  or  not  this 
may  be  the  case,  it  is  quite  certain  that 
we  are  just  beginning  to  make  the  ac- 
quaintance of  our  mines.  A  hundred 
years  hence  the  workers  on  the  Comstock 
will  doubtless  laugh  at  our  present  per- 
plexities, shortsightedness  and  childish 
misgivings. 


The  Thames  tunnel,  thought  to  be  such 
a  novelty,  was  anticipated  by  one  under 
the  Euphrates  at  Babylon,  and  the  ancient 
Egyptians  had  a  Suez  canal. 

Ivoet. — If  ivory  becomes  brittle  by  age, 
it  will  recover  its  original  quality  by  being 
boiled  in  a  solution  of  pure  glue. 


February  10,  1872] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


83 


ECHANICAL 


Progress. 


Friction  Gearing  vs.  Belts  and  Cog 
Wheels. 


Experiments  in  Hie  uso  of  friction  gear- 
ing— that  is,  of  pnlleys  transmitting  pow- 
er, by  direct  (notional  contact  between  tbe 
smooth  faces  of  the  driving  and  Hie  driven 
pulley  instead  of  by  means  of  belts  or 
by  cogs  meshing  into  each  other — havo 
been  very  frequently  made,  and  in  many 
cases  with  remarkuble  success.  So  em- 
phatic, are  the  recommendations  of  this 
method  of  gearing,  given  by  mou  who 
have  tried  or  witnessed  its  operation,  that 
it  is  somewhat  a  mutter  of  surprise  that  it 
has  not  been  more  generally  adopted.  It 
is  claimed  by  many  such  persons  to  bo 
equally  well  adapted  to  the  propelling  of 
gang,  mulay  or  circular  saws,  mill  burrs, 
or  in  fact  almost  any  description  of  ma- 
chinery, and  to  tho  transmission  of  any 
amount  of  power  with  the  same  or  even 
greater  useful  effect  than  when  belts  or 
oog  wheels  nro  omployod. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Clinton,  Iown,  some 
years  ago,  friction  pulleys  were  introduced 
in  a  saw-mill  with  such  complete  success 
in  point  of  economy  and  convenience,  that 
they  scion  became  an  established  iustitu 
tion  throughout  that  entire  region,  super 
ceding  bolts  altogether,  tho  latter  being 
in  somo  instances  thrown  out  at  a  heavy 
expense  to  give  placo  to  the  now  order  of 
things. 

The  pulleys  usod  in  this  caso  were  built 
of  soft  and  tough  wood,  strongly  put  to- 
gether by  their  segments  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  present  the  least  possiblo  end  grain 
of  wood  to  tho  surface.  They  were  placed 
on  the  main  shaft,  to  which  the  power  was 
applied  by  the  engine  crank  or  taken  from 
the  water  wheel,  as  tho  case  might  be,  in 
the  ordinary  manner.  The  faces  of  the 
pulleys  were  either  parallel  to  the  shaft  or 
beveled  at  any  angle  required,  accordingto 
the  direction  of  the  counter  shafts  to 
which  the  power  was  communicated.  Tho 
segments  of  tho  pulleys  were  glued  or 
painted  together  and  their  facos  turned  off 
perfectly  true.  It  was  found  that  they  re- 
quired about  one-third  more  width  of 
face  than  would  be  necessary  if  bells  were 
used.  In  ono  case,  two  gangs  were  run, 
each  with  a  friction  pulley  three  feet  in 
diameter  and  having  21  inches  face.  For 
a  mulay  or  rotary  saw  mill,  a  pulley  of 
from  12  to  10  inches  face  was  found  suffi- 
cient. A  friction  pulley,  ten  inches  in  di- 
ameter with  six-inch  face,  was  described 
as  giving  more  useful  effect  and  heating 
the  boxes  less  than  when  the  same  pulley 
was  used  with  a  four-inch  belt.  From  the 
numerous  experiments  made,  the  conclu- 
sion was  reached  that  a  pulley  of  20  inches 
face  would  successfully  transmit  50  horse 
power  without  undue  wearing  or  heating. 
The  special  advantages  claimed  for  this 
method  were  the  saving  of  the  expense  of 
providing  belts  and  loose  pulleys  and 
keeping  them  in  repair.  Tho  mills  were 
so  arranged  that  each  machino  was  run 
with  its  own  counter  shaft,  geared  either 
to  the  engine  shaft  or  to  one  of  the  main 
counter  shafts  so  that  each  workman  could 
control  tho  operation  of  his  own  machine 
indopendontly  of  tho  others,  and  with  no 
throwing  off  or  putting  on  belts.  The  pul- 
leys on  the  counter  shafts  were  of  iron  and 
very  strong,  each  having  the  same  face, 
of  course,  as  the  driving  pulley,  but  being 
of  any  desired  diameter,  according  to  tho 
motion  to  be  obtained.  By  means  of  a 
movable  bearing  operated  by  a  lever,  the 
iron  pulley  was  readily  brought  in  contact 
■with  its  driver,  the  motion  necessary  for 
this  purpose  being  less  than  one-eighth  of 
an  inch. 

The  statement  that,  for  the  proper 
working  and  durability  of  a  friction  pul- 
ley, it  should  be  so  made  as  to  present  as 
little  end  grain  as  possible  to  the  surface, 
is  emphatically  disputed  by  experienced 
workmen,  who  claim  that  the  precise  op- 
posite to  this  is  the  true  method,  and  that 
the  pulley  should  be  so  made  as  to  offer 
tho  end  grain  to  the  contact  of  the  other 
pulley  to  the  utmost  practicable  extent. 

To  accomplish  this  purpose,  the  pulley 
is  made  of  segments  of  wood,  cut  out  of  a 
plank  in  the  shape  of  a  fan,  the  grain  run 
■  ning  parallel  with  one  side  of  the  fan,  and 
the  end  grain  being  represented  in  a 
slightly  oblique  manner  at  the  outer  or 
circular  edge.  These  segments  are  put 
together  strongly,  and  so  arranged  that 
the  grain  shall  not  run  in  the  same  direc- 
tion in  two  pieces  in  contact  with  each 
other,  but  cross  in  much  the  same  manner 
as  the  furrows  in  the  upper  and  under 
millstone.  The  object  of  this  is  to  prevent 
the  face  of  the  pulleys  from  too  great  ten- 
dency to  wear  in  any  given  direction. 


The  rim  of  the  wheel,  as  it  may  be 
called  for  covenience,  is  built  up  by  lay- 
ing the  first  tier  of  segments,  making  a 
complete  wheel  of  the  thickness  of  the 
plans,  flat  upon  the  bench,  and  placing  the 
other  layers  successively  upon  this,  break- 
ing joints  and  crossing  tho  grain  as  al- 
ready indicated.  The  layers  are  very 
strongly  secured  to  each  othor  with 
wrought  nails,  beside  which  gluo  or  white 
lead  is  Laid  OS  between  them.  The  rim 
being  complete,  mortises  or  gains  aro 
made  to  receive  tho  pods  of  the  spider  at 
tho  end  of  tho  radial  arms,  theso  gains  be- 
ing somowhat  larger  than  tho  pads,  and 
the  space  thus  given  being  tilled  by  the 
insertion  of  keys,  one  on  each  side  of  the 
pad,  entering  from  opposite  directionsand 
overlapping  each  other,  tho  whole  length 
of  tho  pad.  Bolts  aro  also  inserted,  pass- 
ing through  tho  pad  in  a  radial  direction, 
with  countersinking  on  the  face  of  the 
pulley  and  a  nut  on  the  inner  end.  The 
countersink  is  afterward  fillod  by  plug- 
ging, over  tho  head  of  tho  bolt. 

Tho  conflict  of  testimony  in  regard  to 
the  comparative  efficiency  of  tho  pulleys 
iu  which  tho  ond  grain  is  presented  to 
tho  surfaco  and  thoBe  in  which  it  runs 
lengthwise  with  the  circumference  is  some- 
what surprising,  as  the  point  is  easily  sub- 
jected to  a  practical  test.  Most  mechanics 
will  tako  ground  without  hesitation  in  fa- 
vor of  end  grain,  as  loss  liable  to  yield 
and  curl  or  "  broom  "  up,  when  subjected 
to  powerful  and  constautpressuro. — Leffel's 
Mci-hanical  News. 


iciENTiFic  Progress. 


Rolling  Iron. — Nothing  is  more  notice- 
able than  the  various  changes  which  have 
been  made  in  the  method  of  finishing  iron 
in  rolling  mills  during  the  last  five  years. 
A  few  years  ago  our  mills  furnished  all 
their  iron  in  bars,  sheets,  rails,  or  such 
shapes  as  were  demanded  by  separate 
establishments.  Of  late  the  iron  manu- 
facturers have  added  to  their  mills  other 
branches  of  iron  working,  which  can  be 
done  by  them  at  much  less  cost  than  by 
those  who  were  simply  purchasers  from 
the  mills,  and  who  lost  considerable  in  the 
shape  of  "  scraps"  in  working  up  the  iron 
in  various  articles.  Said  "  scrap  "  was 
necessarily  brought  back  to  the  mill  again 
and  sold  at  a  greatly  reduced  rate.  Thus 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  rolling  mill  that 
finishes  the  iron  direct  into  nuts,  bolts, 
horse  shoes,  washers,  railroad  chairs,  etc., 
possesses  a  great  advantage  in  making 
these  articles,  which  are  beginning  to  be 
viewed  as  a  part  of  the  rolling  mill  busi- 
ness. Galvanizing  sheet  iron,  making  gas 
pipe,  strap  hangings,  and  many  other 
things  are  now  made  by  rolling  mills  with 
more  profit  to  themselves  and  the  public, 
than  by  the  old  method.  Properly 
managed,  the  finishing  of  iron  into  these 
and  othor  articles  cannot  fail  to  prove 
profitable  to  the  manufacturer. 

Testing  Cotton  Gins. — A  series  of  in- 
teresting experiments  have  been  proposed 
at  Manchester,  England,  for  the  purpose 
of  testing  tho  meritB  of  the  various  cotton 
gins,  for  working  different  kinds  of  cotton, 
or  separating  the  fibre  from  the  seed. 
The  points  to  be  determined  for  each  gin, 
and  in  respect  to  each  variety  of  cotton 
are: — First— the  speed  of  working,  as 
tested  by  the  time  in  which  a  given  quan- 
tity of  seed  cotton  can  he  ginned;  second— 
The  facility  of  working  as  tested  by  the 
quantity  of  power  consumed  in  the  opera- 
tion; third— The  quality  of  working,  as 
tested  by  the  condition  of  the  ginned  fibre 
and  the  separated  seed  respectively.  In 
order  to  make  the  experiment  as  conclu- 
sive as  possible  a  series  of  very  ingenious 
regulations  have  been  framed  to  exclude 
the  possibility  of  any  kind  of  error  or 
deoeption.  Three  principal  classes  of 
gins  have  been  entered  for  competition 
namely,  tho  roller  gins,  knife  and  roller 
gins,  and  saw  gins.  Such  tests  might  be 
made  with  many  other  kinds  of  machin- 
ery, much  to  the  advantage  of  the  public 
and  to  all  really  meritorious  inventors. 

Aerating  Water. — A  contrivance  of 
recent  date  for  aerating  water  produced 
from  the  condensation  of  steam,  com- 
prises a  tank  with  a  series  of  porous  or 
open  work  partitions,  some  containg  wool 
and  felt,  with  the  spaces  botween  filled 
with  coke  and  chalk.  The  last  compart- 
ment has  a  perforated  bottom,  through 
which  air  is  forced  and  rises  in  minute 
bubbles. . 


The  Permanent  Gases. 

It  is  a  generally  received  opinion  that  all 
gases  are  mere  vapors  of  liquids  that  boil 

at  very  low  temperatures.  Thus,  while 
water  boils  at  212  ,  common  ether  boils  at 
96P,  and  sulphurous  acid  at  0.  Conse- 
quently, while  water  is  always  a  solid  or  a 
liquid,  iu  all  parts  of  the  earth,  ether 
would  be  a  permanent  gas  in  any  place 
whore  the  highest  tropical  temperature 
prevailed,  and  sulphurous  acid  is  always 
a  gas  except  in  the  cold  of  the  polar  re- 
gions. Evon  mercury,  when  exposed  to  a 
temperature  sufficiently  high,  becomes 
transparent  gas,  and  carbonic  acid  gas, 
when  exposed  to  a  temperature  sufficiently 
low,  becomes  first  a  yellowish  liquid,  aud 
then  a  beautiful,  snow-white  solid.  The 
only  difference,  thon,  between  common 
snow  and  carbonio  acid  snow  is  that  the 
ono  is  much  colder  than  tho  other,  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  only  difference  be- 
tween carbonic  acid  gas  aud  mercury  gas 
is  that  the  one  requires  a  higher  tempera- 
ture for  its  existence  than  the  other. 

There  are  certain  gases,  however,  which 
no  degree  of  cold  yet  reached  has  reduced 
to  the  liquid,  far  less  to  the  solid  form. 
Prominent  amongst  these  are  oxygen  aud 
hydrogen — the  gases  that,  combined,  form 
water.  But  after  it  had  been  observed 
that  intenso  cold  tended  to  reduce  all  gases 
und  vapors  to  the  liquid  form,  these  gases 
were  cooled  with  freezing  mixtures;  still 
they  remained  in  the  gaseous  state,  al- 
though mercury  became  solid,  and  alcohol, 
unless  very  pure,  became  thick  and  pasty. 
After  a  time,  a  still  more  powerful  freez- 
ing mixture  (liquefied  laughing-gas)  was 
discovered,  and  by  a  powerful  steel  pump 
was  forced  into  a  large  iron  receiver  until 
it  became  liquefied  with  the  pressure. 
When  a  little  of  this  liquid  was  poured 
into  the  air,  it  evaporated,  and  produced 
the  greatest  degree  of  cold  ever  observed — 
257°  Fah.  Even  then,  oxygen  and  hydro- 
gen did  not  liquefy,  but  maintained  their 
condition  as  clear  and  beautiful  gases. 

But  cold  alone  was  not  the  only  agent 
brought  to  bear  on  these  gases.  They 
were  subjected  to  immense  pressure,  far 
exceeding  anything  with  which  we  are 
familiar  in  ordinary  life.  Natterer  con- 
structed a  series  of  very  finely  made  steel 
pumps.  With  one  of  these,  he  condensed 
one  of  the  gases  into  a  strong  vessel  until 
it  occupied  but  the  three-hundreth  part  of 
its  original  bulk.  Then,  with  a  still  more 
powerful  pump,  he  condensed  this  already 
dense  gas,  so  as  to  reduee  it  still  further. 
It  will  readily  be  seen  that,  by  employing 
gas  in  a  condensed  state,  it  was  much 
easier  to  force  it  through  the  valves  of  the 
second  pump  than  if  gas  at  the  ordinary 
pressure  had  been  used.  In  this  way,  by 
working  with  gas  gradually  increasing  in 
density,  he  finally  obtained  a  pressure  of 
3,000  atmospheres,  or  22%  tons  to  the  inch. 
If  we  have  no  idea  of  a  temperature 
of  257°  below  zero,  neither  can  we 
fully  grasp  the  enormous  pressure 
expressed  by  the  figures  22%  tons  per 
square  inch.  Most  solid  substances  would 
be  crushed  to  powder  under  such  a  pres- 
sure as  this.  And  yet  to  this  wonderful 
pressure  did  Natterer  subject  oxygen  and 
hydrogen.  But  even  that  temperature 
and  pressure  made  (  no  impression  on 
them,  at  least  so  far  as  change  of  form  is 
concerned. 

But  that  which  Natterer,  aided  by  all  the 
resources  of  modern  science,  failed  to  do, 
chemical  affinity  does  instantly  and  per- 
fectly. Mix  the  gases  in  proper  proportions 
and  bring  the  smallest  flame  into  contact 
with  them,  so  as  to  produce  ignition,  and 
they  will  instantly  rush  together  with  a 
loud  report,  combine  and  form  a  perfect 
liquid,  water.  It  is  perfectly  obvious  that 
the  elementary  atoms  of  this  new  liquid 
water,  must  be  held  together  by  a  force 
sufficient  to  overcome  their  expansive 
force.  We  have  seen  what  this  expansive 
force  is  capable  of  resisting,  and  conse- 
quently we  can  form  a  comparative  estimate 
of  the  power  of  chemical  affinity. — Con- 
densed from  Phin's  Chemical  Bisloiy. 


The  Sand  Blast. — The  uniform  success 
which  has  attended  the  uso  of  the  sand 
blast  has  sufficiently  proved  its  reliability, 
and  the  numerous  purposes  to  which  it 
can  be  applied,  promise  to  render  it  ono 
of  the  most  useful  inventions  that  have 
been  of  late  brought  into  public  notice. 
By  simple  modifications  it  can  be  made  to 
supercede  the  present  slow  and  costly 
process  for  shaping  granite  and  other  hard 
stones,  for  roek  drilling  aud  lor  polishing 
castings,  or  grinding  and  engraving  glass. 
The  cost  of  working  it  is  eAremely  small 
and  there  need  be  no  loss  of  the  sand  em- 
ployed, as  it  can  bo  constantly  restored  to 
the  feeding  hopper,  together  with  the 
particles  driven  from  the  material. 

The  action  of  the  sand  upon  a  hard 
surfaco  appears  to  bo  due  to  the  work 
performed  by  oach  angular  particle  that 
strikes,  and  which  iu  striking  carries  away 
with  it  a  particle,  of  course  far  smaller 
than  itself,  and  tho  reason  why  the  softer 
materials  resist  the  wearing  action,  is  due 
to  tho  elasticity  which  repels  the  particles. 
As  a  proof  of  this,  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  while  perforated  shield  plates  of  lace, 
gelatine,  or  rubber  bear  a  prolonged  ex- 
posure to  the  sand,  unharmed,  stencils  of 
thin  sheet  steel  or  brass  curl  up,  and  are 
destroyed. — Engineering. 


The  Pneumatic  Sewage  System  in 
which  air  is  the  power  employed  for  clean- 
ing the  sewers  of  matter  otherwise  likely 
to  accumulate,  is  discussed  with  much  in- 
terest by  some  of  our  foreign  exchanges. 
The  plan  is  to  divide  a  city  into  complexes 
and  Bub-coniplexes,  a  sub-complex  con- 
sisting of  about  200  houses,  and  a  com- 
plex comprising  all  the  sub-complexes 
within  a  radius  of  2,500  feet.  Each  com- 
plex has  a  large  air-tight  cast  iron 
reservoir,  and  each  sub-complex  a  small 
one  connecting  with  the  main  reservoir 
and  with  the  houses,  by  means  of  pipes 
provided  with  valves  and  cocks,  by  which 
all  circulation  of  air  may  be  prevented. 
The  air  inside  is  exhausted  by  means  of  a 
large  air  pump  driven  in  connection  with 
the  main  reservoir  by  means  of  a  powerful 
steam  engine,  and  then  the  outer  air, 
pressing  upon  the  contents  of  the  pipes, 
forces  them  into  the  reservoirs.  By  this 
means  the  pipes  may  all  be  cleared  in  less 
than  five  minutes,  their  contents  first  pass- 
ing into  the  sub-reservoirs,  and  then  into 
the  main  ono.  This  simple  and  eminently 
sanitary  system  has  for  some  time  past 
been  in  successful  operation  in  the  city  of 
Prague,  Bohemia,  and  is  being  introduced 
into  other  European  cities. — Ex. 


Accuracy  of  Telegraphic  Estimates  of 
Longitudes. — The  great  accuracy  with 
which  differences  of  longitude  can  be  as- 
certained by  the  magnetic  telegraph  is 
illustrated  by  some  of  the  determinations 
for  the  United  States  Coast  Survey.  Where 
the  longitudes  were  estimated  by  four  dif- 
ferent circuits,  the  greatest  difference  be- 
tween any  two  determinations  was  twenty- 
eight  thousandths  of  a  second,  equivalent 
to  about  thirty  feet,  the  mean  error  being 
less  than  one  millionth  of  the  distance  be- 
tween the  two  objective  points,  which,  in 
some  eases,  as  in  that  between  Cambridge 
and  San  Francisco,  was  3,580  miles. 


From  an  interesting  article  in  a  recent 
issue  of  London  Times,  we  learn  that  steam 
cultivating  machinery  is  coming  into  very 
general  use  in  England.  One  large  firm 
have  been  sending  out  from  eight  to  ten 
plowing  engines  per  week,  most  of  which 
are  for  use  in  districts  where  they  can  be 
hired  by  several  different  farmers. 


Volcanic  Eruptions. — Archdeacon  Pratt, 
by  discussing  the  amount  of  precession  in 
a  globe  with  a  molten  nucleus,  finds  con- 
clusive evidence  of  Sir  Wm.  Thompson's 
opinion  that  the  earth  is  solid,  and  that, 
therefore,  volcanic  eruptions  are  attributa- 
ble to  some  other  cause  than  the  one  pop- 
ularly assigned.  His  view  is  confirmed  by 
numerous  recent  observations,  which  in- 
dicate that  the  increase  of  temperature, 
below  the  earth's  surface,  soon  reaches  a 
limit. 


New  Use  for  Electricity. — Electricity 
has  achieved  a  new  triumph.  Already  em- 
ployed to  restore  vigor  and  nimbleness  to 
the  gouty  limbs  of  decrepit  bons  vivants, 
the  recent  discoveries  of  Dr.  Bernier,  a 
French  physician,  show  electricity  to  be 
an  efficient  remedy  for  the  evil  effects 
of  excessive  drinking  on  the  human 
nose.  The  doctor  mantains  that,  by 
the  application  of  an  electric  current 
to  noses  even  of  the  most  Bacchana- 
lian hue,  the  flesh  may  be  made  "  to  come 
again  as  the  flesh  of  a  little  child  ;"  and  he 
supports  his  assertion  by  a  case  performed 
on  a  female  patient  of  his  own,  a  woman 
of  high  rank. — Sci.  Am. 

The  Fossil  Plants  of  Canada. — Dr.  J. 
W.  Dawson,  of  the  Geological  Survey  of 
Canada,  has  just  published  his  report  on 
the  fossil  land  plants  of  the  Devonian  and 
Upper  Silurian  formations  of  Canada.  In 
this  report,  he  has  catalogued  or  described 
more  than  120  species  of  land  plants  found 
in  formations  older  than  the  carbonifer- 
ous in  Canada,  thus  placing  the  knowl- 
edge of  this  old  flora  in  advance  of  that  of 
any  other  portion  of  the  world. 

A  New  Mode  of  Forming  Perfect  Crys- 
tals.— Prof.  Schultze  states  that  by  the  use 
of  gelatinizing  liquid  as  a  solvent,  crys- 
tals of  various  substances  may  be  obtained 
completely  formed.  In  proof,  a  number 
of  fine  crystals  of  sugar,  borax,  etc. ,  were 
shown,  which  had  been  formed  in  suspen- 
sion in  gelatine  and  other  solutions. 


84 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  10, 1872. 


INING  NUMMARY. 


The  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

AMADOR   COUNTY. 

Kennedy  Mine. — Amador  Ledger,  Feb. 
3d:  In  company  with  Mr.  Ginocehio,  Pres. 
of  the  Co.,  we  visited  the  mine,  a  few  days 
ago,  and  while  there  examined  the  rook 
being  taken  from  the  lower,  or  500-ft. 
level,  and  can  safely  state  that  better  aver- 
age rock  cannot  be  found  in  any  mine  in 
the  connty;  every  piece  we  examined  on 
the  dump  showed  free  gold,  and  was  well 
charged  with  gold  bearing  sulphurets. 
The  ledge  in  the  lower  level,  is  13  ft.  in 
thickness,  and  the  entire  body  is  of  the 
same  value  as  the  rock  on  the  dump.  The 
rich  stratum  struck  last  week,  continues 
equally  as  promising  as  when  first  discov- 
ered. 

Lincoln  Mine.— The  Lincoln  Mine,  at 
Sutter  Creek,  is  yielding  richer  rock  than 
at  any  previous  period.  The  last  clean  up 
of  14  days  run  in  a  20-stamp  mill,  yielded 
$5,400  in  clean  gold.  The  main  shaft  has 
reached  300  ft.,  and  in  sinking,  the  rock 
increased  in  value  $3  per  ton  in  the  last 
60  ft.,  with  the  most  favorable  indications 
of  further  increase  of  value  as  the  shaft 
reaches  greater  depths. 

Plymouth.  —  Cor.  same:  The  Phenix 
(formerly  the  Hooper  mine)  is  once  more 
in  a  prosperous  condition.  New  and  sub- 
stantial hoisting  works  have  been  built, 
the  old  shaft  cleaned  out  and  re-timbered, 
and  good  paying  rock  found  at  the  lower 
level,  500  ft.  below  the  surface.  They  are 
sinking,  with  a  good  prospect  of  a  contin- 
uous paying  ledge. 

Adjoining  the  Phenix  on  the  north,  is 
the  Alpine  mill  and  mine,  A  fine  10-stamp 
mill,  with  hoisting  works  attached,  was 
constructed  about  one  year  ago,  and  is  in 
running  order.  They  are  sinking  on  this 
mine  with  good  prospects  ahead.  The 
shaft  is  down  250  ft. 

Enterprise,  is  a  small  village,  3  miles 
north  of  this  place.  One  mile  northeast 
from  Enterprise,  is  the  Philadelphia,  and 
mine;  a  substantial  20  .stamp  mill  was  built 
on  this  mine,  last  fall,  and  is  running  on 
low  grade  ores.  Half  a  mile  west  from  the 
village,  is  the  Condo  and  Wilson  mine, 
which  bids  far  to  excel  all  others  in  this 
vicinity  for  richness;  a  shaft  has  been  sunk 
150  ft.  and  the  rock  taken  out  has  paid  from 
$12  to  $25  per  ton  with  plenty  more  of  the 
same  sort  in  sight.  The  Enterprise  mill 
and  mine  are  half  a  mile  east  of  the  village; 
a  large  amount  of  money  has  been  expend- 
ed in  the  attempt  to  develop  a  paying  mine, 
but  so  far  without  success.  This  mill  has 
been  doing  custom  work  for  the  different 
mines  in  this  locality,  but  is  not  running 
at  present. 

Several  other  quartz  mines  of  smaller 
note  are  located  in  this  vicinity  and  await- 
ing capital  to  develop  them. 

Clinton. — Amador  Dispatch,  Feb.  3d: 
The  placer  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  Clinton 
appear  to  be  yielding  with  renewed  vigor 
since  the  late  rains.  A  surface  claim  near 
that  place  yielded  14%  ozs.  as  a  result  of 
one  day's  work  for  3  men,  a  few  days  ago. 

Wheel  Broke. — A  large  cog-wheel  on 
the  end  of  the  cam-shaft  of  the  Kennedy 
mill  was  broken  to  pieces  last  Sunday,  while 
the  mill  was  under  full  headway.  The  mill 
will  be  started  again  as  soon  as  a  new 
wheel  can  be  obtained,  which  will  be  in  the 
course  of  a  few  days. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Good  Book. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  Jan. 
2d:  We  have  seen  some  very  fine  speci- 
mens of  rock  taken  from  the  Thorpe  mine, 
at  Fourth  Crossing,  35  tons  of  which  yield- 
ed $500.  The  lead  continues  to  widen  as 
they  go  down,  and  the  character  of  the 
rock  improves  steadily. 

Commenced  Work. — Richards,  Griggs 
&  Lower  who  recently  instituted  a  hy- 
draulic on  French  Hill,  near  town,  have 
got  fairly  to  work.  They  have  been  "pip- 
ing "  most  of  the  week. 

Zacetara. — On  Tuesday,  Mr.  Bateman 
showed  us  a  quantity  of  specimens  taken 
from  the  shaft,  which  for  richness  we  have 
never  seen  surpassed.  The  ledge  varies 
from  18  inches  to  3  ft.  in  width,  and  the 
pay  streak  will  average  fully  2  ft.  He 
estimates  that  the  rock  will  yield  $75  per 
ton  if  the  entire  lead  be  taken  out  from 
wall  to  wall.  The  shaft  is  now  137  ft., 
from  the  bottom  of  which  a  level  has  been 
run  a  short  distance.  There  is  an  8-stamp 
battery  on  the  mine,  run  by  water  power. 
The  mill  has  been  recently  repaired  and 
will  be  ready  to  commence  crushing  in 
about  10  days. 

Great  Yield. — Five  tons  of  quartz  from 


the  mine  of  Teusch  &  Mitchell  of  Mosquito 
Gulch,  yielded  $700— an  average  of  $140 
per  ton.  The  rock  was  worked  in  the 
Harris  mill  at  Sandy  Gulch.  Teusch  & 
Mitchell  are  down  75  ft.  on  their  lead,  the 
ledge  showing  3  ft.  in  width.  The  pay 
chimney  is  known  to  be  40  ft.  in  length, 
having  been  prospected  that  distance. 

Hudson  Quartz  Mine. — Active  opera- 
tions are  to  be  immediately  commenced. 
The  mine  is  situated  at  Central  Hill  in  this 
county.  It  was  located  by  P.  Davis  who 
sunk  a  shaft  upon  it  50  or  60  ft.,  develop- 
ing a  remarkably  wide  ledge  of  gold-bear- 
ing rock.  Mr.  Davis  sold  it  to  an  English 
Co.  of  capatilists.  Since  the  transfer  but 
little  or  no  work  has  been  done,  an  effort 
to  let  a  contract  for  sinking  the  shaft  hav- 
ing failed.  During  the  past  week,  D.  M. 
Hosmer,  agent  for  the  Co.,  has  made  ar- 
rangements for  the  immediate  commence- 
ment of  work. 

Gigantic  Gravel  Enterprise. — A  Co. 
has  been  formed  in  S.  F.,  for  the  purpose 
of  engaging  in  gravel  mining  in  this  coun- 
ty. The  first  of  the  series  of  operations 
in  view  will  be  the  opening  of  a  hydraulic 
claim  on  Central  Hill,  about  5  miles  from 
this  place,  and  preparations  are  being 
made  for  that  purpose  on  the  most  ex- 
tensive scale.  Water  is  to  be  conveyed  to 
the  ground  through  1,500  ft.  of  11-inch 
pipe,  and  all  the  appointments  for  working 
the  mine  will  be  first-class.  The  Co.  have 
other  enterprises  of  a  similar  nature  in 
view. 

Bartolo  Mine.— J.  A.  Lefoy,  of  this 
place  has  made  arrangements  for  working 
the  old  Bartolo  quartz  mine,  near  West 
Point.  Mr.  Lefoy  will  clean  out  the  old 
shaft  and  sink  it  deep  enough  to  thorough- 
ly prospect  the  ledge. 
EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

New  Diggings. — PlacervDle  Democrat, 
Feb.  3:  New  and  rich  diggings  have  been 
discovered  on  Tanner's  Banch,  near  Bin- 
gold,  Diamond  Springs  Township.  .  They 
are  regular  '49  diggings. 

Bough  and  Beady. — Grass  Valley  Union, 
Feb.  1:  Brown  Bros,  claims,  on  the  head 
water  of  Squirrel  creek,  are  being  con- 
stantly worked. 

The  Baltic  Co.,  on  the  north  side  of 
Bandolph  Hill  are  piping  with  good  re- 
sults. The  ground  looks  well,  and  paying 
results  are  sure  to  follow  a  clean  up. 

At  the  Webster  Co.'s  mines  old  tailings 
are  being  washed.  This  employs  3  men 
and  the  pay  is  from  2%  to  3ounces  of 
clean  gold  for  each  day. 

The  Bed  Jacket  below  Bough  aad  Beady 
is  prospecting  for  gravel,  and  has  found 
rich  blue  gravel  in  the  claims. 

McSorely  &  Co. ,  are  not  mining,  a  flume 
having  washed  away  during  the  heavy  rain 
storms  and  lumber  for  repairs  not  being 
obtainable. 

The  Portugese  Co. ,  below  Bough  and 
Beady  are  at  work  with  paying  results. 

On  Goshen  Hill  (Black  &  Landis  claims) 
no  work  is  being  done  at  present. 

Beview. — The  Eureka  mine  is  being 
prospected  for  pay  rock  which  gave  out 
between  the  5th  and  sixth  levels.  The 
mill  is  running  15  stamps  and  the  explora- 
tions are  being  made  to  the  west  on  the 


The  Empire  Co.  is  running  a  20  stamp 
mill,  and  employing  36  men  by  day  and  21 
by  night-  They  are  taking  out  20  tons  of 
quartz  per  day. 

Perrin's  mine  is  being  worked  continu- 
ally, rock  from  the  east  paying  $50  per 
load  and  from  the  west  $100  per  load. 

The  Grant  mine,  near  Perrin's,  is  run- 
ning. The  rock  generally  pays  $80  per 
ton,  and  the  yield  of  the  last  crushing  av- 
eraged $40  per  ton. 

The  Greenhorn  mine  is  running  day  and 
night.  The  ore  is  good  but  they  have  yet 
had  no  clean  up. 

The  Branch  Mint  Co.  are  running  a  tun- 
nel from  Gold  Flat  which  is  in  70  ft.,  and 
will  in  time  be  300  ft.  below  the  surface. 

The  Heuston  Hill  mine  is  worked  by  13 
■contractors.  The  last  crushing  of  10  loads 
paid  $1,045.60.  The  rock  pays  $100  to  the 
ton. 

Daisy  Hill  mine  has  a  new  engine  of  8 
inch  cylinder.  The  last  crushing  yielded 
$6,500  from  42  loads.  The  ledge  is  2  ft. 
thick. 

The  Seven-Thirty  is  flooded.  The  last 
crushing  yielded  $500  from  13  loads. 

The  Idaho  mine  paid  last  year  $232,500 
in  dividends  and  is  averaging  about  the 
same  in  yield  this  year.  The  new  shaft 
will  be  ready  for  use  about  Sept. 

The  North  Star  mill  and  machinery  has 
been  thoroughly  repaired  and  the  mine  is 
paying  regularly. 

The  Coe  mine  is  to  be  sold.  The  ledge 
is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  dist. 

The  Town  Talk  mine  yielded  $3,000  du- 
ring Jan. 


Dartmouth  Hill.  — Grass  Valley  Repwbli- 
can,  Feb.  4:  TheDartmouth  will  commence 
lifting  its  stamps  on  Wednesday  next.  It 
has  some  good  looking  gravel  cement  on 
its  dump  pile. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Julian  City. — By  Telegraph — Feb.  3:  last 
week,  the  clean  up  of  the  Gunn  &  Bey- 
nolds  mill  gave  the  following  results:  27 
tons  from  the  Bush  Boys' lead  yielded  $1,- 
575,  an  average  of  $58.33  per  ton;  12% 
tons  from  the  Lewis  mine  yielded  $875,  an 
average  of  $70  per  ton;  13  tons  from  the 
Big  Blue  lead,  yielded  $1,501.50  an  aver- 
age of  $115.50  per  ton. 
SAN  BERNARDINO  COUNTY. 

Bich  Ore. — San  Bernardino  Guardian, 
Jan.  20:  Some  time  ago  Brunn  &  Boe 
shipped  to  S.  F.  30  sacks  of  ore,  3,240  lbs, 
from  the  "Lizzie  Bullock"  mine  in  the 
Clark  dist.,  which  netted  $2,200.  It  as- 
sayed at  $1,565  per  ton,  on  which  lot  of 
crude  bullion,  at  80  per  cent. ,  they  re- 
ceived $1,300  per  ton. 
SIERRA  COUNTY. 

Poverty  Hill. — Cor.  JDownieville  Mes- 
senger, Jan.  27:  The  mines  look  very  en- 
couraging; Kingdom  Bro.'s  have  already 
washed  away  a  claim  or  more  of  ground, 
and  are  continuing  to  send  the  gravel 
away  with  great  rapidity.  Westall, 
Hughes  &  Co.  have  been  during  the  past 
summer,  repairing  ditches,  constructing 
new  flumes,  hydraulics,  etc.,  besides 
keeping  a  full  crew  of  men  working  in  the 
tunnel,  which  is  nearly  ready  to  com- 
mence operating  through.  This  tunnel  is 
near  2,000  ft.  long,  running  through  the 
hardest  of  rock  the  entire  distance.  J.  A. 
Hubbard  has  struck  a  natural  opening 
through  the  rim-rock  which  he  has  fol- 
lowed some  70  f t. ,  and  found  blue  dirt  and 
the  bed-rock  pitching.  He  has  every  in- 
dication to  insure  his  future  prosperity. 
Mr.  Hubbard  has  recently  run  some  drifts 
into  the  south  side  of  his  diggings,  and 
found  a  bank  of  blue  gravel  from  4  to  12 
ft.  deep,  and  a  very  flattering  prospect. 

YUBA     COUNTY; 

Smartsville. — Gor.  Grass  Valley  Union, 
Jan.  30;  All  of  the  paying  mines  are  at 
Sucker  Flat  and  Timbuctoo— particularly 
the  former.  At  Sucker  Flat,  they  have 
begun  work  but  recently,  and  so  have  not 
began  to  develop  their  mines  yet. 

Blue  Point  Mine. — They  have  stripped 
off  the  white  cement  to  such  an  extent 
that  where  it  terminates  in  the 
hillside  the  face  of  the  bank  is  160 
ft.  high.  They  have  done  but  little 
work  comparatively  in  the  blue  gravel. 
From  a  hole  probably  200  ft.  long  by  250 
wide  and  100  ft.  deep,  they  have  taken 
$250,000,  $80,000  of  which  is  clear  profit, 
besides  what  is  now  in  theflume.whieh  must 
be  about  $70,000  more,  as  they  have  been 
hydraulicing  for  about  6  weeks  without 
cleaning  up.  The  tunnel  through  which 
they  wash  the  dirt  cost  the  Blue  Point  Co. 
$150,000. 

The  Blue  Gravel  mine  is  not  as  well  de- 
veloped as  the  Blue  Point  is,  but  it  is  on 
the  same  lead,  and  just  as  rich. 

The  Smartsville  mine  is  pretty  well  de- 
veloped. They  have  stripped  off  a  large 
amount  of  the  top  lead,  and  are  enabled 
to  make  runs  that  will  average  from  $30, 
000  to  $40,000. 

The  Enterprise  is  the  only  remaining 
mine  that  is  working  now. 

At  Timbuctoo  the  mines  are  nearly  all 
worked  out,  when  compared  with  those  of 
Sucker  Flat.  The  Water  Co's.  claim  is 
the  most  extensive  there.  There  is  165  ft. 
of  the  old  top  lead  standing,  and  under 
this  a  very  thick  stratum  of  white 
cement  and  blue  gravel.  At  some  points 
the  blue  gravel  has  been  found  that 
is  over  80  ft.  thick,  and  when  they  run  on 
this  kind  of  dirt,  they  average  from  $1,500 
to  $2,000  a  day  with  the  flume.  The 
mines  are  good  for  40  or  50  years,  to  all 
adpearance. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Bullion.  —  Elko  Independent,  Feb.  3: 
For  Jan.  the  bullion  shipment  from  Cope 
dist.  was  $18,896.74. 

Cope  and  Bruno  Dists. — Cor.  same: 
McGlaughlin  &  Co.  have  thrown  up  their 
contract  to  sink  on  the  Mardis  ledge  on  ac- 
count of  the  depth  of  the  snow.  The 
above  ledge  was  discovered  last  summer 
by  Mr.  Mardis.  The  rock  on  top  was  very 
rich,  but  on  sinking  the  quality  and 
amount  of  pay  ore  has  greatly  deteriorated. 
The  Norton  mill  is  running  steadily  and 
with  good  results.  The  El  Dorado  and 
Excelsior  are  being  thoroughly  worked. 
The  Independent  mine  is  being  put  in 
order  for  spring  work.  They  will  put  on 
an  additional  force  of  20  men.  There  are 
but  few  idle  men  in  camp. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Still  Working.  —  Eureka  Sentinel, 
Feb.  2:  The  furnaces  of  the  Eureka  Cons. 


are  turning  out  bullion  in  largequantities. 

The  amount  produced  during    the    past 

month  will   equal  any  'previous  month's 

run  in  the  history  of  the  Co.     The   mine 

produces  an  -  average   of  125  tons  of  ore 

daily. 

ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Pioche  Record,  Jan.  25:  W. 
F.  &  Co.  shipped  since  Jan.  21st,  bullion 
valued  at  $15,624,21. 

Pea  vine. — There  is  plenty  of  $200  ore 
in  sight  and  the  title  is  good. 

Panaca  Flat. — Every   claim  is    being 
worked  by  the  owners.  Most  of  them  have 
struck  good  pay. 
REESERIVER. 

Star  of  Nevada  S.  M.  Co. — Beese  Biver 
Reveille,  Jan.  27:  This  is  an  English  Co. 
recently  organized  for  the  purpose  of 
working  a  series  of  ledges  lying  in  Union 
Hill. 

The  present  workings  are  prosecuted 
through  the  old  tunnel,  started  some  years 
ago.  It  penetrates  the  hill  410  ft.  It  be- 
ing driven  ahead  by  contract,  and  will  be 
continued  till  all  the  ledges  of  the  Co.  have 
been  cut.  It  has  already  cut  3  ledges,  each 
of  which  will  be  fully  developed. 

A  level  300  ft.  long  has  been  run  from 
the  tunnel  on  the  first  ledge,  exposing  a 
body  of  good  ore  averaging  6  inches  in 
width  the  entire  distance.  The  last  crush- 
ing of  ore  from  this  ledge — produced 
nearly  $1,500  per  ton,  for  the  first  class 
and  over  $300  per  ton  for  the  second  class. 

Three  sections  of  this  level,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  tunnel,  have  been  leased 
to  as  many  parties. 

The  first  lease  (the  one  nearest  the  tun- 
nel) is  held  by  McCool  &  Co.,  the  second 
by  F.  Massey  &  Co.,  the  third  by  S.  Kelly. 
All  are  sinking  on  the  ledge,  which  still 
holds  good. 

The  Co.  are  opening  and  working  this 
level  on  the  south  side  of  the  tunnel. 

Garrison  &  Co.  have  lately  secured  a 
lease  on  the  second  ledge  cut  by  the  main 
tunuel,  and  have  just  started  work  on  a 
level. 

The  manager  of  the  Co.  has  given  a  lease 
to  G.  Emerson  &  Co.  who  are  hard  at 
work  preparing  to  sink  a  shaft  from  the 
surface  of  the  hill  some  distance  from  the 
line  of  the  tunnel. 

About  300  ft.  from  the  mouth  of  the  tun- 
nel the  management  are  erecting  hoisting 
works  for  the  purpose  of  sinking  a  300  ft. 
shaft,  through  which  the  greater  part  of 
the  workings  will  thereafter  be  carried  on. 

In  the  hore  house  are  about  15  tons  of  a 
good  quality  of  ore. 

Murphy  M  Co.,  have  concluded  to  take 
the  property  at  Ophir  Canon  which  was 
bonded  to  them  several  months  ago,  con- 
sisting of  the  Murphy,  McDonald  mines. 
Since  the  bond  was  given  the  ledges  have 
been  thoroughly  prospected,  and  from  de- 
velopments already  made,  bid  fair  to  be- 
come one  of  the  best  paying  properties  in 
Eastern  Nevada.  P.  S.  Buckminster  has 
a  force  of  50  men  already  at  work  getting 
out  rock,  and  the  mill  will  be  started  up 
as  soon  as  the  necessary  repairs  can  be 
made. 
WASHOE. 

Bullion. — Virginia  Enterprise,  Feb.  1: 
We  yesterday  saw  at  the  Bank  of  Cal.  $48,- 
000  in  silver  bricks  from  the  Crown  Point. 

Magnificent  Body  op  Ore. — The  drift 
east  from  the  south  section  of  the  Crown 
Point,  1,200-ft  level,  105  ft.  north  of  the 
Belcher  line,  is  in  112  ft.  All  this  distance 
it  is  in  splendid  ore,  with  no  sign  of  the 
east  wall  as  yet. 

Strike. — There  was  much  rejoicing  yes- 
terday at  hearing  of  the  develcpement  of 
a  fine  body  of  ore  in  the  Savage,  south  of 
the  shaft,  on  the  1,400-ft  level. 

Antelope  Dist. — H.  J.  Mann,  last  eve- 
ning visited  our  sanctum  and  exhibited  to 
us  some  very  rich  specimens  of  gold-bear- 
ing quartz  from  the  vein  upon  which  his 
mill  is  running.  Antelope  dist.  is  about 
80  miles  southeast  of  Wadsworth,  and  18 
miles  south  of  the  old  Overland  Station  of 
Westgate.  The  Antelope  ledge  is  owned 
by  the  California  G.  M.  C,  and  is  from  18 
inches  to  3  ft.  in  width.  A  shaft  is  down 
upon  the  lead  to  the  depth  of  70  ft..  The 
mill  is  6  miles  southwesterly  from  the 
mine.  It  contains  5  stamps,  with  room 
for  5  more,  and  an  engine  large  enough  to 
run  15  stamps.  The  ore  pays  from  $30  to 
$50  per  ton,  and  the  bullion  produced  is 
worth  $16.50  per  oz.  The  gold  is  884% 
fine.  They  have  a  well  30  ft.  in  depth, 
containing  14  ft.  of  water,  from  which 
they  run  their  mill.  Wood  is  fifteen  miles 
distant,  but  is  abundant.  A  few  days 
since,  at  a  point  600  ft.  distant  from  their 
main  shaft,  they  found  a  deposit  in  their 
lead  which  is  much  richer  than  that  they 
have  been  working.  A  specimen  shown 
us  was  full  of  coarse  gold,  and  would  assay 
away  up  in  the  thousands.  The  other 
ledges  of  note  in  the  dist.  are  the  Moun- 


February  io,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSV. 


85 


tain  Sheep,  Champion  and  Lexington. 
Fourteen  men  are  employed  at  the  Ante- 
lope mine  and  mill,  and  iu  all,  thoro  are 
about  30  miners  in  the  diet. 

Sn  i.ka  Nevada. — A  rioh  strike  has  been 
made  of  what  appears  to  be  a  back  vein, 
which  is  much  richer  and  more  promising 
than  anything  ever  struck  in  the  mine. 
The  new  deposit  is  in  the  works  advanced 
t  to  tho  northwest  and  is  separated 
from  the  white  lead  iu  front  by  a  consider- 
able thickness  of  a  sort  of  conglomerate  of 
porphyry  and  a  well-defined  clay  wall. 
The  rock  is  much  darker  than  that  in  the 
front  vein  and  presents  much  more  the  ap- 
pearance of  regular  Comstock  rock. 
While  $5  per  ton  is  as  high  as  tho  front 
vi-in  1ms  ever  assayed  in  silver,  this  new 
deposit  goes  as  high  as  $29.  It  appears, 
in  addition,  to  be  very  much  richer  in  gold 
than  tho  front  vein,  froo  gold  beiug  visible 
to  tho  naked  eye  in  many  specimens. 
Upon  the  new  deposit  a  wiuze  has  been 
sunk  :!U  ft.,  and  from  the  bottom  of  this  a 
cross-cut  lias  boon  made  which  shows  the 
body  of  ore  to  be  2.">  ft.  iu  width.  A  sam- 
ple of  ore  from  tho  doposit,  which  we  saw 
washed  out,  showed  a  very  large  prospect 
of  beautiful  blight  froo  gold,  much  of 
which  was  in  coarse  round  pieces.  At  a 
point  about  GO  ft.  south  and  some  40  ft. 
highor  up,  a  second  drift  was  yesterday 
just  cutting  into  what  seems  to  be  tho 
same  doposit.  As  yet  only  the  ore  that 
was  dug  from  the  winze  and  cross-cut  has 
been  extracted,  as  the  new  strike  is  at  u 
considerable  distance,  by  way  of  a  narrow 
and  crooked  drift,  from  the  nearest  ore 
chute. 

Belcher. — The  Bolchor  Co.  have  found 
a  large  and  rich  deposit  of  ore  at  the  south 
end  of  their  explorations,  in  a  cross-cut 
west  from  their  south  drift.  In  the  ex- 
treme south  end  of  this  drift  the  ore  ap- 
peared for  a  tinio  to  havo  almost  given  out. 
The  drift  seemed  to  be  following  the  di- 
rection of  tho  vein,  and  what  to  make  of 
the  jumble  of  porphyry  and  quartz  into 
which  it  suddenly  ran  no  one  knew. 
Shortly  before  a  point  or  promontory  of 
hard  west  county  rock  was  passed,  and 
this  seemed  to  have  turned  the  vein  to  the 
eastward,  therefore  the  drift  was  pushed 
in  that  direction  until  it  ran  into  the  poor 
rock  mentioned  above.  Suspecting  at 
length  that  after  passing  the  promontory 
the  vein  might  have  swung  round  it  back 
to  the  westward,  and  that  their  drift  had 
been  going  diagonally  across  the  vein,  a 
cross-cut  was  started  west.  The  conject- 
ure proved  correct,  and  last  Saturday  the 
cut  began  to  enter  ore,  and  has  continued 
in  good  ore  ever  since,  proving  the  pres- 
ence of  a  largo  deposit  at  that  distance 
south.  Ore  taken  from  the  face  of  the 
cross-cut  yesterday  assayed  -5125  per  ton. 
WHITE  PINE. 

East  Shebotgan — White  Pine  News, 
Jan.  27th:  There  is  a  force  of  10  men  pros- 
pecting and  putting  the  mine  in  shape  for 
spring  operations.  The  southeast  drift 
from  the  original  tunnel  is  in  18  ft.  since 
last  report.  There  is  a  good  body  of  ore 
with  a  fair  showing  of  horu  silver.  Ex- 
change incline  is  down  10  ft.  deeper  than 
when  last  reported.  Running  on  a  spar 
seam,  with  a  fair  prospect  for  ore.  The 
Regent  drift  running  from  the  Regent 
shaft  to  connect  with  the  Exchange 
neline,  has  made  13  ft.  headway  since  last 
report.  Three  tons  of  ore  are  raised 
daily  and  piled  on  the  dumps. 

San  Juan  del  Bio. — The  foreman  re- 
ports the  mine  looking  as  usual.  The  ore 
pitches  at  an  angle  of  45  degrees  and  assays 
from  §245  to  $60  to  the  ton. 

Ebeehaedt. — In  last  week's  report  men- 
tion was  made  of  a  shaft  going  down  on 
the  end  of  the  "West  drift  for  the  purpose 
of  testing  the  depth  of  ore.  Since  then 
work  was  suspended  on  account  of  snow 
blocking  up  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel  lead- 
ing to  the  dump.  Work  will  be  resumed 
as  soon  as  it  is  possible  to  remove  the  ore 
piled  up  in  the  drift. 

Noeth  Auboea. — The  ore-body  in  the 
south  drift  from  the  Lady's  chamber  is  of 
the  same  grade  as  last  reported.  A  force 
of  men  is  engaged  breasting  out  ore.  Hoist- 
ing through  the  Engine  shaft  from  the 
south  and  east  drifts.  The  Bisdale  cham- 
ber shows  a  larger  body  of  ore  than  at  our 
last  visit. 

Sooth  Aueoea. — The  Mitchell  and  Hanly 
shafts  are  connected  with  the  main  lower 
tunnel.  A  distance  of  25  ft.  will  connect 
the  Turner  and  Trewella  shafts  with  the 
main  tunnel.  There  is  a  force  of  men  en- 
gaged in  cross-cutting  west  from  the  Mitch- 
ell and  Hanly  shafts.  The  indications  are 
favorable  for  mineral.    . 

Copper  Glance. — Two  men  are  employ- 
ed sinking  a  new  shaft  through  the  lime- 
stone cap.  In  the  main  50-ft.  shaft  there 
is  a  fine  quality  of  ore  in  sight.  A  force 
of  men  will  soon  be  put  on  to  start  a  drift 
from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft. 


Original  Hidden  Treascre. — The  bad 
condition  of  the  roods  leading  to  the  mine 
cut  off  the  ore  supply,  and  the  Big  Smoky 
mill  has  shut  down  until  the  road  improves 
so  as  to  permit  shipment  of  oro  from  the 
mino. 

Pocotillo. — Since  last  report  a  contract 
was  lot  to  run  50  ft.  south  from  the  main 
tunnel.  The  ore  in  the  face  of  tho  drift  is 
of  average  milling  quality,  and  bids  fair  to 
hold  out. 

(Iiix  Lee. — The  Supt.  let  a  contract  to 
run  a  drift  east  from  the  ore  chambor 
(since  our  last  mention  of  the  mine)  for  a 
distance  of  25  ft.  The  contractors  wore  to 
commence  work  today. 

Noonday. — The  usual  force  of  men  is 
employed  breasting  out.  The  ledge  aver- 
ages from  8  to  10  ft.  in  width.  Piling  ore 
on  dumps. 

Arizona. 

Minks  and  Mining. — Prescott  Union, 
Jan.  25:  The  Tigor  is  yielding  ore  more 
than  half  of  which  is  silver.  It  is 
beiug  sacked  for  shipment  to  S.  F.  This 
oro  is  from  the  100  ft.  level,  where  there 
is  plenty  of  the  same  sort.  The  Benjamin, 
and  adjacent  mines,  near  Prescott,  are 
yielding  rich  silver  ore. 

The  Josephine  mine  is  small,  but  very 
rich  in  free  gold. 

In  Wickenburg  dist.  tho  Vulture  Co.  are 
mining  and  milling,  and  Bill  Smith  is 
preparing  to  start  his  10-stamp  mill. 

Placer  miners  are  doing  very  well  with 
the  limited  supply  of  water  in  the  several 
creeks. 

A  portion  of  the  machinery  of  the  new 
10-stamp  mill,  which  Mr.  Borger  is  going 
to  erect,  near  Ehernberg,  has  arrived,  and 
work  is  being  pushed  upon  both  mill  and 
mine. 

Southern  Arizona. — Among  the  latest 
and  most  valuable  discoveries  is  a  new 
dist.,  in  a  mountain  range  35  miles  south 
of  Tucson.  At  the  time  of  writing,  speci- 
mens of  the  ore  were  being  tested,  and  the 
results  had  given  the  utmost  satisfaction. 
The  location  must  be  less  than  25  miles 
distant  from  the  timbered  regions  of  the 
Santa  Bita  mountains. 

Idaho. 

Bullion. — Silver  City  Avalanche,  Jan. 
27:  W.,  F.  &  Co.,  shipped  from  here  this 
week  8  bars  valued  at  $17,528  30. 

Local  Beoord. — The  North  Oro  Fino 
Co.  is  pushing  its  work  forward  fast.  The 
Supt.  is  working  this  mine  through  the 
North  Discovery  engine  shaft,  which  he 
has  leased  from  the  Owyhee  Co.  for  that 
purpose.  The  ore  in  the  drift  running 
north  is  getting  better  the  further  it  is  run. 
The  3d  level  drift  has  been  run  about  25 
ft.  since  work  commenced,  showing  the 
ledge  to  be  4  ft.  wide,  with  from  18  to  20 
inches  of  fine  looking  quartz  and  the  re- 
mainder talc. 

The  North  Oro  Fino  Discovery  ground 
is  turning  out  about  25  tons  of  ore  per  day, 
which  is  being  piled  up  at  the  Oywhee 
Co.'s  mill. 

The  South  Discovery  of  the  Oro  Fino, 
which  belongs  to  and  is  worked  by  the  Ida 
Elmore  Co.,  is  yielding  20  tons  of  ore 
daily, 

The  Ida  Elmore  may  be  considered  the 
leading  mine  in  camp  at  present.  Up  to 
this  time  about  80  ft.  of  a  very  rich  chute 
of  ore  has  been  discovered  in  the  7th  level 
of  that  mine.  This  chute,  or  chimney  of 
ore  commences  about  100  ft.  north  of  the 
shaft  and  continues  to  the  end  of  the  drift, 
which  is  being  run  fast.  The  richest  and 
best  part  of  the  ore  hitherto  found  is  in 
the  last  15  ft.  of  the  drift.  The  Supt.  is 
energetically  sinking  and  raising  winzes  in 
the  7th  level  on  this  rich  body  of  ore.  If 
it  is  found  to  go  down  any  distance,  he 
will  immediately  sink  the  main  shaft  for 
the  8th  level. 

The  Owyhee  Mill  is  running  to  its 
utmost  capacity  on  Golden  Chariot.  Mr. 
Davis,  Supt.  of  that  mine,  has  about  700 
tons  of  ore  ahead  of  the  mill. 

The  Minnesota  is  looking  splendidly, 
both  iu  the  south  drift  and  also  in  the 
winze  which  is  being  sunk  under  the  old 
shaft.  Some  of  the  richest  gold  bearing 
ore  ever  taken  from  any  mine  in  camp 
came  from  the  south  drift  this  week.  The 
ore  from  the  winze  shows  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  silver.  The  foreman  has  out  about 
80  tons  of  the  ore.  The  last  crushing  paid 
860  a  ton.  The  south  drift  is  in  35  ft.  and 
the  north  drift  about  60  ft.  trom  the  2d 
level. 

The  Mahogony  is  beginning  to  send 
down  ore  again,  which  is  being  worked  on 
one  side  of  the  Elmore  mill,  with  10 
stamps  and  6  pans.  It  usually  mills  from 
$55  to  $60  pur  ton,  and  the  ore  now  piled 
up  at  the  mill  looks  splendidly.  The  4th 
level  of  the  Mahogany  is  rich,  with  a  vein 
from  18  inches  to  2  ft.  in  width.  The  drift 
is  in  about  50  ft.  on  each  side  of  the  cross- 


cut or  shaft  in  the  4th  level.  The  winze 
is  down  50  ft.  from  the  3d  level,  and  the 
shaft  is  down  below  the  4th,  for  the  5th 
level,  85  ft.  In  20  days  25  tons  of  ore  per 
day  may  bo  expected  from  the  Mahogany. 

Tho  4th  level  drift  of  the  South  Chariot 
is  in  186  ft.,  showing  tho  ledgo  to  bo  fully 
2  ft.  thick,  of  ore  that  will  pay  well. 

Tho  Empire  mine  is  being  worked  by 
Minear  &  Hanks,  and  they  have  50  tons  of 
ore  on  the  dump  that  will  mill  at  hist 
$150  a  ton.  The  smallest  amount  thai  tie- 
ore  ever  paid  per  ton,  was  §182  50,  and 
from  that  to  $300. 

The  War  Eagle  has  very  rich  looking 
oro  in  the  winze,  which  is  about  100  ft. 
south  of  the  shaft  When  that  is  done, 
stoping  will  commence  at  ouce. 

Montana. 

Claucy  Creek.— Cor.  Helena  Gazette, 
Jan.  22:  Bell  &  Co.,  of  El  Dorado, 
have  doubled  the  number  of  their  hands 
on  their  mine.  Tho  French  boys,  of  the 
Minnesota,  have  a  three  foot  vein  of  pay- 
ing oro,  and  doing  a  good  business  taking 
it  out.  Parker  and  Woods  have  struck 
galena  oro  in  a  shaft  on  tho  Mineral  Hill 
lode,  and  expect  to  strike  galena  in  their 
tunnel  on  the  Lone  Hand,  as  soon  as  they 
break  through  a  key  they  have  in  the  back 
part  of  it.  Brooks  k  Gregoire  have  struck 
some  galena  in  the  tunnel  of  the  Winnona, 
but  not  in  paying  quantities.  They  are 
confident  of  striking  a  large  vein  of  pay- 
ing mineral  before  going  40  ft.  further. 
There  is  considerable  galena  ore  being 
taken  out  of  the  North  Pacific.  All  the 
lodes  mentioned  above  are  galena  bearing 
quartz;  but  some  parties  claim  to  have 
struck  some  very  rich  chloride  quartz, 
about  2  miles  from  this  place.  Some  of  it 
is  claimed  to  go  $1,200  per  ton.  There  is 
considerable  work  being  done  in  that  por- 
tion of  the  dist.  where  chlorides  have  been 
found,  and  it  is  expected  that  large  quanti- 
ties of  paying  rock  will  be  taken  out  there, 
in  the  spring.  There  are  quite  a  number 
of  parties  prospecting  in  this  vicinity,  and 
more  parties  are  being  organized  to  com- 
mence work  as  soon  as  the  snow  goes  off. 

The  New  Coal  Mines. — Bozeman  Avant 
Courier,  Jan.  25:  As  soon  as  the  weather 
permits,  Col.  Black  will  commence  the 
development  of  the  new  coal  mine.  The 
indications  are  highly  favorable  as  far  as 
prospected.  The  mines  are  about  5  miles 
from  Bozeman,  accessible  by  a  good  wagon 
road,  and  consist  of  2  well  defined  veins, 
about  200  yards  apart. 

The  Reduction  Works. — Helena  Herald, 
Jan.  25:  The  Helena  Reduction  Works 
are  running  continuously,  day  and  night. 
The  delivery  of  ore  is  unterrupted,  and 
the  roasting,  crushing,  and  smelting  goes 
forward  with  the  precision  of  clock  work. 
From  one  smelter  alone  flows  2,000  weight 
of  bullion  every  24  hours. 

Vipond. — Dear  Lodge  Independent,  Jan. 
27:  J.  Brannigan  and  others  are  trying 
to  make  arrangements  to  have  smelting 
works  erected  near  the  rich  lodes  of  this 
district. 

Cable. — Mr.  Cameron  has  at  last  struck 
the  ledge  in  the  lower  drift.  The  rock  is 
rich  and  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the 
body  of  ore  now  drained  will  be  sufficient 
to  keep  at  least  one  mill  constantly  run- 
ning for  the  next  2  years. 

Utah. 

Little  Cottonwood. — Salt  Lake  Tri- 
buney  Feb.  1:  The  "Wellington  Co.  are  now 
shipping  very  rich  ore.  Its  assay  value  is 
f  300  per  ton. 

The  Emma,  Flagstaff  and  Vallejo  are 
each  shipping. 

Ohio  Dist. — Cor.  same:  We  have  50  or 
60  men  here  and  the  greater  share  are  at 
work  on  their  leads  in  order  to  have  them 
ready  for  sale  in  the  spring,  or  to  have 
their  ore  ready  as  soon  as  an  opportunity 
presents  itself  or  mills  get  in  here.  There 
are  5  to  6  that  will  pay  from  the  start,  but 
most  of  the  mines  have  to  be  worked,  as 
the  eroppings  are  of  low  grade,  but  of  all 
that  have  been  worked  to  any  extent  the 
ore  grows  gradually  richer. 

There  have  also  been  two  new  dists, 
formed,  one  south,  and  in  still  greater  alti- 
tude, and  oris  north  adjoining  to  this  one 
and  on  the  banks  of  the  river. 

S.  L.  City.— By  telegraph:  About  3,000 
tons  of  ore  and  bullion  are  waiting  trans- 
portation to  the  East.  Of  this,  about 
1,500  tons  are  from  the  Emma  mine. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board, 

San  Feancisco,  February  8,  1872. 
The  last  seven  or  eight  days  has  been  the 
liveliest  one  the  Stock  Board  has  experienced 
for  many  years.  The  feature  of  the  week  has 
been  Savage,  and  many  other  stocks  have 
participated  in  the  rise.  The  discovery  of  a 
rich  body  of  ore  in  the  Savage,  announced  on 


Friday  night,  sent  the  stock  up  so  that  from  that 
timo  until  Monday,  the  value  of  the  miuo  was 
more  than  quadrupled.  All  kinds  of  stocks  are 
yet  much  advanced,  but  show  a  little  falling  off 
from  Monday 's  prices.  The  salesat  the  Boar  J  for 
the  weak,  ending  Wednesday,  the  31st  alt, 
aggregate  $1,208,000,  making  a  total  of  $8,- 
748,000  in  two  weeks,  The  session  of  the 
Board  on  Saturday  was  a  long  and  active  one, 
lasting  three  hours.  Savage  was  the  feature, 
and  its  advance  over  the  prices  of  the  morning 
Board  on  Friday  was  02.  For  the  same  time 
Curry  advanced  $50,  Hale  &  Norcross 
$30,  Crown  Poinl  $25,  Belohnr&Kentuch  $15, 
Imperial  $12,  OhoHar-Potosi  and  Ophir,  each 
$11,  Cons.  Virginia  $8,  Raymond  &  Eh  $6.50, 
Alpha  and  Overman,  each  $6,  Sierra  Nevada  $5 
and  Yellow  Jacket  4.50. 

On  Monday  the  market  opened  lively  in  tho 
morning,  and  the  Board  had  another  lone;  and 
busy  session.  From  the  Board  on  Sat  orday 
Dearly  all  descriptions  of  storks  advanced  mate- 
rially. Savage  went  up  to  $235  and  (hen 
dropped  to  $235,  the  others  sympathizing  with 
it.  On  "Wednesday  morning  it  Bold  for  $5,500 
per  foot.  Its  highest  price  before  was  in  Juno, 
1867— $5,000,  when  it  was  paying  large 
dividends. 

This  morning  stocks  were  still  active 
but  with  irregular  prices.  Savage  receded 
from  310  yesterday  to  625  on  the  last  call  of 
the  Board,  though  $265  was  bid  after  the 
adjournment.  The  amount  of  Ibusiness 
transacted  since  the  Savage  strike  became 
known  on  Saturday,  aggregates  over  §10,- 
000,000,  nearly  double  the  amount  trans- 
acted during  any  four  days  heretofore. 
Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  P.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 


Feb.  1. 

Alpha $— 

Amador — 

Belcher 725 

Buckeye A% 

Chollar-Potosi ..  57 

Caledonia  17 

Con*.  Virginia.. .  32 

Crown  Point — 

Daney 23f 

Eureka  Cons 27 

Fun-ka. 18>£ 

Exchequer 12 

Gould  &  Curry. 125 
Golden  Chariot. .  — 
Hale  &  Norcroaa  180 

Imperial 77 

[da  Klmore IB 

Kentuck — 

Mammoth 55  c 

Meadow  Valley..  17]a 

M:iliM'_'ariy 13  ^ 

Ophir Kii£ 

Oris.  "id.  Treas.  — 

Overman.., 69 

Pioche 12  1 

Raymond  &  Ely. 121 

Savage 64 

Sierra  Nevada...  24 

Succor 3'-,' 

Wash,  t  Creole..  5 
Yellow  Jacket...  70 

St.  Patrick — 

Seg.  Belcher....  61 


w(.    LoireM. 
27 


Feb.  8. 

40 


\Ad0,    Drr_ 


55 

800 

27', 

19Ji 

21 
315 

171* 
315 
130 

18 
270 
55c 

13^ 

10  ^ 
125 


14 
141 

310 
37 

■V 
90 


14g  19  2 

27  52  20 

745  76)  - 

2  —  — 


225 
45c 
Ifi'i 
11 


3*f 

4W 

20 


14!4 
260 

50c 
19 


1* 
57,'* 


33 

m 


3i(i 
10 
4 


20  —  — 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


Alpha  Cons 

Amador 

Belcher 

Chollar-Potosi.. 
Crown  Point.. .. 

Danov 

Eureka  Cons 

Eurefca 

Q olden  Chariot. 
Gould  A  Curry. 


G65 

78'ri 
760 

25 
19 
US 

AW- 


Hale  &  Norcrosa    295 


BID.  ASKED 

Ida  Elmore 13         14 

Imp.Tiall 120 

Kentuck 225 

M.'inlow  Valley..    17M 

Ophir   120 

Orijr.  Hid.  Treas    — 

Overman 63 

Savace ...   280 

Uivmon.I.t  Ely.  \W , 
Sierra  Nevada...  32 
Yellow  Jacket...     83 


125 
230 
18 

102 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scien- 
tific Peess  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOOATTON,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  AS9ESBBCENT.  DELINQUENT.      OF  SALE. 

Alhambra  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.9, 50c.Jan.  13— Feb.  27* 
Buckeye  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9,  $l.Feb.  13,  Mar  14 

CaledoniaS  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Feb.  1,  Si Mar.  8— Mar.  29 

Cherokee  Flat,  Butte  Co..  Jan.  3,  $2.50. ..Feb.  6-Feb.  23 
Daney  G.  k  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Feb.  1,  65c. Mar.  4— Mar.  25 

El  Dorado  M.  Co.,  Cal..  Dec.  7,  25c Jan.  24— Feb.  14 

Emerald  Hill  M.  Co.,  U.T.,  Jan  11,  25c— Feb.  19,  Mar.  14 
Empire  M.  k  M.  Co..  Nev.,  Jan.  5,  $10. .  .Feb.  8— Feb.  26 
Golden  Chariot,  I.  T.,  Jan.  31— $2  50,  Mar.  9,  Mar.  30 

Ida  Ellmore,  Idaho.  Dec.  30  $3.00 Jan.  31— March  4 

Imperials.  M.  Co.,  Nev  ,  Jan.  5,  $10 Feb.  8,  Feb,  26 

Kentuch,  Nev..  Jan.  20,  $10 Feb.  24— Mar.  13. 

Kincaid  Flat  M.  Co.,  Dec.  11$2.60 Jan.  17— Feb.  14* 

Lemon,  Nev.,  Jan.  6,  50c Feb,  10— March  2 

Mahogany  G.&S.M. Co,  I.T.Jan,  26, $1.50  Mar.  6— Mar.  23 
Mina  Kica  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  1G,  20c. Feb.  19— March  11* 

Monitor  &  Majmet,  N.  T.  Dec.  4,  25c Jan.  23— Feb.  17 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  &>M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan  8,  25c. .Fe  5—  Fe  22* 
Nevada  L,  and  M.  Co..  Nev.,  Jan.  9.  4c. Feb.  13—  Mar.  4* 
Nonpareil  Gk  M.  Co.,  Cal..  Dec.  27,  $3.50.Feb.  3— Feb.  24 
Noonday  S.M.Co.  White  Pine,  Eeb.l,20c.Mar.  5— Mar.  25 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.  20,  $2 Jan.  24— Feb.  14 

Overman,  Nev.,  Feb.  22.  $4 Feb.  22— Mar.  11. 

Phamix.Nev.,  Jan.  18,  75c Feb.  22— Mar.  13. 

Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  N.,  Jan.  20,  80c.-Mar.  1,  Mar.23* 
Pioche  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Deo.  18,  $1.50. .  .Jan.  25— Feb.  16 
Quail  Hill  M.  and  W.  Co.,  Dec.  19,  $5. .Jan.  23— Feb.  13* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  SI  .Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Sierra  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan. 4,  S3 Feb.  6— Feb.  23 

Silver  Wave,  White  Pine,  Deo.  19,  $3.  .Jan.  25— Feb.  23* 

Silver  Wave,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  Si Feb.  26— Mar.  19* 

S.  Gulch  Gr.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Feb.  7,  $1.50. Mar  13— April  3* 
Snccor.  M.  M.  Co.,  G.  H..  Jan.  3,  SI. 60. ..Feb  6-Feb.  27 

Tecumseh.  Cal.,  Jan.  23,  $4 Feb.  27— Mar.  16.* 

Tallulah  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  $1 Mar,  6— Mar.  26 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  4,  $1,00 Feb.  5— Feb.  26* 

Wm.  Penn,  Nev.  Jan.  16,  50c Feb.  10— Mar.  11.* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Bowery  Cons.  M.  &  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Feb.  12 

Central  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Feb.  28 

Justice  m.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Feb.  19 

Lemon  M.  &  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Feb.  10 

Virtue  G.  M.  Co Meeting,  Feb.  23 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS—  (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $15 Payable  Feb.  5 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  5 

Crown  Point,  $15 Payable  Feb.  5 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  6 

Meadow  Valley,  $1.50 Payable  Dec.  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Jan.  10 

Raymond  &  Ely,  S5 Payable  Dec.  18 

San  Francisco  T.  &  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Feb.  5 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  Dec.  5 

.*AdvertiBed  in  this  journal. 


86 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  10,  1872. 


The  Railroad    Works    at  Sacramento. 

The  workshops,  roundhouse,  foundries, 
etc.,  of  the  Railroad  Company  in  Sacra- 
mento, are  by  far  the  most  extensive  to  be 
found  on  this  side  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, and  very  few  people  have  any  idea  of 
the  magnitude  and  industrial  importance 
of  the  works  there  in  progress.  The 
Sacramento  Record  recently  made  a  visit  to 
the  establishments  and  presented  an  ac- 
count which  will  give  a  tolerable  idea  of 
the  enterprise  in  operation. 

The    Railroad    Works. 

The  establishment  generally  known  as 
the 'railroad  works,  or  the  "  round  house," 
consists  really  of  a  series  of  manufacto- 
ries or  shops,  viz:  the  round  house,  the 
machine  shop  proper,  the  blacksmith 
shop,  the  foundry,  the  brass  foundry,  the 
tin  and  cooper  shop,  the  car-building 
shop,  the  painting  works,  the  upholstery 
department,  the  general  hardware  store, 
the  drying  house  and  the  fire-brick  works. 
Armed  with  a  permit  from  A.  N.  Towne, 
General  Superintendent  of  all  the  rail- 
roads and  railroad  shops  and  offices  this 
side  of  Ogden — and  probably  as  fine  an 
executive  officer  as  there  is  in  America — 
we  waited  upon  A.  J.  Stevens,  master  me- 
chanic of  the  machine  shops.  Our  faint 
description  will  follow  the  route  of  his 
guidance.    First : 

The    Round    House. 

This  stands  close  to  the  bank  of  the 
American  river,  and,  with  its  foundation, 
forms  a  portion  of  the  impassable  artificial 
barriers  which  have  been  erected  to  pre- 
vent the  turbulent  stream  from  flooding 
the  city  and  destroying  the  property  of  its 
inhabitants.  It  is  a  substantial  brick 
building,  forming  the  segment  of  a  circle, 
and  contains  stalls  for  29  locomotives, 
most  of  which  are  generally  occupied, 
either  by  disabled'engines  undergoing  re- 
pairs, or  engines  in  complete  order  and 
ready  for  service  at  a  moment's  notice.  In 
fact,  several  of  these  last  named  have 
steam  up  all  the  time,  and  stand  ready  to 
go  at  the  tap  of  the  bell  or  the  click  of  the 
wires  to  the  remedy  of  any  mishap  that 
may  occur  upon  the  line  of  the  roads  in 
any  direction  from  the  city. 

Owing  to  the  lack  of  ground  space, 
portions  of  the  round  house  are  necessari- 
ly made  a  part  of  the  machine  shop,  and 
from  100  to  125  men  are  here  constantly 
engaged  in  repairing  or  rebuilding  dam- 
aged and  disabled  engines.  One  locomo- 
tive is  now  on  the  stocks,  and  being  re- 
built— converted  from  a  five  and  a  half 
feet  to  a  four  and  a  half  feet  engine. 
Several  others  are  undergoing  extensive 
repairs.  Within  the  last  nine  months 
seven  engines  have  been  entirely  rebuilt 
here  ;  45  have  undergone  general  repairs, 
and  30  necessary  repairs.  At  present 
nearly  all  the  engines  of  the  company  are 
in  first-class  order,  but  so  many  unavoida- 
ble accidents  are  constantly  happening  to 
the  internal  machinery  of  the  "  iron 
horse,"  that  it  is  likely  that  from  100  to 
125  men  must  be  constantly  employed  in 
the  round  house  portion  of  the  machine 
shop  to  repair  damages.  From  the  round 
house  we  enter  that  portion  of  the  estab- 
lishment which  may  be  properly  desig- 
nated 

The  Machine  Shop  Proper. 

This  is  a  building  100x400  feet,  and 
under  the  direction  of  the  superintendent 
of  this  establi-hment  400  men  are  now 
employed,  whose  wages  average  $2.75  per 
day  each,  in  gold  coin.  The  number  will 
be  increased,  if  possible,  and  would  now 
be  at  le  ist  200  greater,  if  the  company  had 
been  allowed  to  fill  in  more  of  the  nasty 
and — to  the  public — worse  than  useless 
slough,  bo  as  to  give  more  shop  room. 
This  establishment  is  a  sight  to  witness, 
with  its  apparently  and  interminable  mass 
of  machinery,  constantly  clattering,  grind- 
ing and  "  scrunching,"  its  host  of  busy 
and  intelligent  mechanics  engaged  upon 
the  most  curious  and  intricate  parts  of 
complicated  machinery  —  all  evidently 
happy  and  contented,  and  having  an  indi- 
vidual pride  in  the  excellence  of  their 
work.  The  shop  has  a  plethoric  supply  of 
the  very  best  planing,  turning,  cutting 
and  punching  machines  for  working  iron. 
The  machine  shop  is  fully  capable  of  turn- 
ing out  all  kinds  of  machinery  known, 
though,  of  course,  its  engines  are  solely 
devoted  to  such  machinery  as  is  usual 
upon  railroads  and  in  steamboats.  Here 
are  made  all  repairs  of  damages  of  a  seri- 
ous oharacter  to  engines  and  cars  upon  the 
Central  Pacific,  California  Pacific,  West- 
ern Pacific,  Stockton  and  Copperopolis, 
and  Stockton  and  Visalia  Railroads.  Much 
of  the  work  required  for  the  San  Fran- 
cisco and  Northern  Pacific  road  is  also 


done  here.  The  addition  to  this  building, 
recently  made,  is  fast  being  filled  with 
new  machines  of  the  best  kind,  and  soon 
a  much  larger  number  of  men  will  be  em- 
ployed. 

Boiler  Shop. 

This  is  a  new  building  60x200  feet.  It 
is  now  engaged  in  manufacturing  addi- 
tional boilers  for  the  great  engine  which 
drives  the  machinery  of  the  vast  establish- 
ment. It  is  also  intended  to  do  all  steamer 
work  for  the  company.  Two  large  boilers 
are  now  in  process  of  manufacture  for  the 
Chrysopolis.  They  have  eleven-foot  shells, 
will  be  twenty-two  feet  long,  have  steam 
chimneys  twelve  feet  high,  and  weigh  thirty 
tons  each— the  largest  boilers  ever  made 
in  this  part  of  the  State.  Here  are  made 
all  the  nuts  and  washers  used  on  all  the 
railroads  and  steamers — articles  which, 
until  lately,  were  imported.  In  addition 
to  its  other  work,  the  boiler  shop  has, 
within  the  last  three  months,  turned  out 
40,000  feet  of  sheet  iron  water  pipe.  The 
workmen  are  now  engaged  in  manufactur- 
ing artesian  well  pipe  for  use  in  the  Mer- 
ced region.  The  shop  has  a  machine — 
made  in  the  machine  shop — for  punching 
holes  in  the  iron  used  for  water  pipe, 
which  will  punch  forty  holes  at  once.  It 
also  contains  a  corrugating  machine  for 
shaping  sheet-iron  to  use  on  roofs  and 
sides  of  iron-covered  buildings. 
Fire  Brick. 

En  passant,  it  may  be  as  well  to  state 
that  the  Company  has  on  its  premises  ma- 
chinery engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
fire  bricks,  from  clay  brought  from  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  These  bricks  prove  to 
be  good,  and  it  is  intended  to  manufacture 
here  all  that  are  necessary  for  the  Com- 
pany's purposes. 

The  Foundry. 

Though  this  building  has  been  recently 
enlarged,  it  is  still  insufficient  to  meet  the 
demands  upon  it,  and,  as  a  consequence, 
work  which  should  and  could  be  done  here 
to  the  great  benefit  of  the  city,  is  sent 
elsewhere,  and  simply  because  the  com- 
pany has  been  prevented  from  filling  up 
the  slough  to  such  an  extent  as  to  give  it 
the  ground  necessary  for  the  shop 
building  it  would  like  to  erect  here.  At 
present  the  foundry  is  of  sufficient  capacity 
to  work  up  twenty  tons  of  iron  daily.  All 
the  small  and  most  of  the  largest  castings 
used  on  the  road  are  now  east  here.  Car 
wheels  as  good  as  those  imported  have 
been  made  here;  and  all  the  wheels  re- 
quired on  the  road  will  be  made  here  if 
room  can  be  found  for  the  enlargement  of 
the  foundry  buildings.  The  foundry  con- 
tains two  cupolas,  both  manufactured  in 
the  machine  shops,  capable  of  turning  out 
4,000  pounds  of  molten  metal  every  forty 
minutes. 

Brass  Foundry. 

This  is  still  another  establishment.  In 
this  are  made  all  the  brass  castings  neces- 
sary to  be  used  in  the  construction  of  cars 
and  machinery.  All  the  old  brass  that  it 
is  possible  to  find  in  the  country  is  worked 
up  here,  and  what  more  is  required  is 
made.  Most  of  this  material  is  imported 
from  the  East,  for  the  reason  that  the  sup- 
ply of  California  copper  cannot  be  relied 
upon. 

Copper  and  Tin  Shops. 

In  this  shop  all  the  tin  and  sheet  copper 
work  required  for  all  the  roads  is  done — 
whether  manufacturing  or  repairing.  It 
can  turn  out  anything  required,  from  a 
a  copper  cauldron  to  a  tin  dipper,  or  from 
a  mamoth  head-light  to  a  hand  lantern. 

Blacksmith  Shop. 

In  this  department  1 00  men  are  inces- 
santly employed,  and  forty  fires  are  con- 
stantly burning  during  the  day.  During 
the  last  year  all  the  iron-work  for  ten  new 
bridges  has  been  made  here,  and  all  the 
iron  work  for  the  repairs  of  all  the  bridges 
upon  the  roads.  It  works  up  about 
200  tons  of  iron,  and  does  all  the  blacksmith 
work  required  for  the  roads.  In  this  shop 
is  a  steam  hammer  weighing  2,500  pounds, 
with  a  drop  of  thirty-six  inches.  A  new 
furnace  is  being  erected  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  all  bar-iron  required  by  the  com- 
pany. The  iron  is  to  be  made  out  of  scraps 
and  old  iron  generally.  Here  old  and 
worn  axles  are  worked  over  and  made  good 
as  new.  A  steam  machine  for  shaping 
arched  bars  for  bolsters  to  freight  cars  is 
now  nearly  completed.  This  is  a  new  con- 
cern manufactured  in  the  machine  shop 
of  the  company.  Whenever  the  company 
is  allowed  the  privilege  of  making  more 
ground,  it  will  erect  sufficient  rolling 
mills  for  its  purpose,  and  thus  do  here 
much  work  now  done  elsewhere. 
The  Motive  Powers. 

And  here  a  few  words  of  description  of 
the  power  which  keeps  all  the  machinery 
of  this  vast  mechanical  establishment  in 


motion.  It  is  a  magnificent  Nightingale 
engine,  of  175  horse-power,  and  having  a 
driving  wheel  eighteen  feet  in  diameter. 
The  steam  is  now  supplied  by  two  large 
boilers.  Two  more,  now  in  construction, 
will  soon  be  added,  which  will  increase  its 
strength  to  190  horse-power.  From  the 
engine  room  we  pass  on  to  the 

Car  Department, 
which  is  under  the  supervision  of  Ben. 
Walsh,  who,  like  Mr.  Stevens,  is  thor- 
oughly devoted  to  this  particular  branch 
of  mechanics.  In  this  department,  inclu- 
ding all  its  branches,  400  men  are  now 
daily  employed,  at  average  daily  wages  of 
$2.75  each.  And  here,  too,  as  in  the  other 
departments,  very  many  more  would  be 
employed  if  there  was  only  room  enough 
to  erect  the  necessary  works.  This  estab- 
lishment is  capable  of  manufacturing 
everything  in  the  car  line,  from  the  com- 
mon truck  to  the  most  luxurious  palace 
oar.  That  it  has  not  room  in  which  to 
spread  itself  is  the  reason  why  vast  quan- 
tities of  this  sort  of  work  is  done  else- 
where, and  large  sums  of  money  sent 
abroad  that  should,  by  rights,  be  expended 
in  Sacramento.  A  splendid  car,  for  the 
use  of  the  President  of  the  company  is 
now  in  course  of  construction.  It  will 
contain  kitchen,  dining-room,  parlor  and 
sleeping  quarters.  The  shop  has  now  or- 
ders to  manufacture  1,000  of  the  improved 
combination  cars,  to  accommodate  the  ag- 
ricultural business  of  the  State,  and  at 
present  is  turning  out  twenty-four  each 
week.  It  will  increase  the  product  to  six 
a  day  as  soon  as  material  can  be  obtained. 
The  car  shop  consists  of  a  main  building 
two  stories  high,  90x200,  with  a  wing 
90x300.  Some  50,000  feet  of  lumber  are 
worked  up  here  each  week.  The  rough 
timber  passes  into  the  building  on  one 
track,  and  keeps  moving  along  constantly 
until  it  comes  out  on  another  in  the  shape 
of  cars,  all  finished  except  the  painting. 
Thus,  from  the  raw  material  going  in  at 
one  door  a  daily  train  from  four  to  six  cars 
passes  out  of  the  building  through  another. 
And  this  is  only  about  half  what  is  neces- 
sary. The  car  shop  is  amply  supplied 
with  the  best  of  planing,  gouging,  mortic- 
ing, dovetailing,  boring,  scraping,  saw- 
ing, veneering  and  other  machines.  Here, 
too,  the  finest  of  cabinet  work — such  as  is 
to  be  seen  in  the  best  fitted-up  cars — can 
be  and  is  turned  out. 

Draughtsmen's  Room. 

In  this  little  apartment  presides  the 
creative  genius  of  the  entire  establishment. 
Here  designs  are  conceived  and  plans  of 
all  descriptions  drawn  up  and  prepared, 
from  which  the  intelligent  mechanics  con- 
struct those  surprising  achievements  of 
human  skill  which  are  the  admiration  of 
all. 

Paint  Shop. 

This  adjunct  to  the  car  shop  is  under 
the  foremanship  of  Mr.  Fitch.  Here,  on 
the  average,  eight  cars  are  constantly  re- 
ceiving the  finishing  touches  of  the  shop 
painter.  With  the  present  capacity  of  the 
shop,  only  about  four  passenger  cars  can 
be  turned  out  each  week,  while  to  give  the 
necessary  annual  coat  of  paint  to  all  pas- 
senger cars  of  the  company,  over  six  a 
week  should  be  disposed  of. 

If  ground  can  be  made,  an  addi- 
tional paint  shop,  70x220  feet,  with  five 
varnish  rooms,  22x70,  will  be  erected. 

The  Fire  Brigade. 

Not  the  least  interesting  feature  of  this 
vast  establishment  is  its  facilities  for  ex- 
tinguishing fires.  There  is  a  fire  brigade 
composed  of  three  companies.  The  men 
are  trained  to  their^fire  duties  at  least  once 
a  week.  The  apparatus  consists  of  a  sta- 
tionary steam  engine,  several  hydrants 
properly  located  throughout  the  premises, 
2,000  feet  of  hose— -1,000  leather  and 
1,000  carbolized.  Along  the  ridge-pole  of 
one  of  the  buildings  is  a  perforated  pipe, 
through  which  immense  quantities  of  wa- 
ter can  be  rained  down  all  over  the  prem- 
ises in  case  of  a  conflagration.  Three 
blasts  of  the  whistle  warn  the  men  of  dan- 
ger and  to  be  ready;  three  more  blasts 
brings  each  one  to  his  post.  A  more  ef- 
fective Fire  Department  does  not  exist  any- 
where. 

The  Company  is  now  manufacturing  the 
famous  Westinghouse  Atmospheric  Brakes, 
and  as  fast  as  possible  applying  them  to  all 
passenger  locomotives  and  cars.  With 
these  brakes — which  are  controlled  by  the 
engine  driver — a  train  of  ten  cars,  going 
thirty  miles  an  hour,  can  be  stopped  in  a 
distance  of  400  feet  or  less.  By  the  appli- 
cation of  this  improvement  the  danger  of 
traveling  will  be  much  lessened. 

Much  remains  to  be  described.  We 
have,  however,  given  enough  to  show 
that  in  Sacramento,  is  the  greatest  mechan- 
ical establishment  to  be  found  west  of  the 
Mississippi.    Moreover,  this  establishment 


is  employing  constantly  some  850  men,  who 
are  receiving  in  wages  $2,384  daily,  or  say 
fuil  $701,100  per  annum.  This  sum  goes 
to  enhance  th,e  prosperity  of  the  city,  by 
increasing  the  trade  of  all  classes  of  shop- 
keepers, while  the  men  employed  and  their 
families  add  to  the  value  of  real  estate  by 
creating  a  demand  for  dwelling  houses. 
Further,  these  benefits  of  industry  might 
be  doubled  to  the  town  if  the  company 
could  do  what  it  seems  to  desire,  viz. :  in- 
crease its  works  here  to  a  capacity  suf- 
ficient to  supply  all  the  demands  of  its 
roads  and  boats. 


Another  Washoe  Mining  Invention. 

Among  the  recent  inventions  important 
to  miners,  is  one  by  Mr.  E.  P.  Pyne,  of  the 
Ophir,  which  is  intended  to  guard  against 
the  danger  that  is  sometimes  encountered 
at  stations  in  shafts.  The  Virginia  Enter- 
prise of  the  I8th  inst.  says: 

We  were  yesterday  shown  a  model  of  the 
new  "  Station  Safety"  and  have  no  hesita- 
tion in  saying  that  it  is  just  the  thing  need- 
ed. It  is  very  simple  in  construction  and 
of  trifling  cost — merely  the  price  of  two  or 
three  small  iron  rods  and  a  common 
wooden  door.  With  Mr.  Pyne's  invention 
in  use  it  will  be  impossible  for  any  miner 
to  walk  from  a  station  into  the  shaft  or  to 
run  a  car  into  the  shaft — and  be  pulled  in 
after  it — as  has  often  happened  in  our 
mines.  When  the  cage  is  not  standing  at 
the  station  the  door  from  the  hoisting  com' 
partment  opening  into  it  (the  station)  re- 
mains closed,  and  it  is  impossible  for  any 
one  to  get  into  the  shaft  without  first  de- 
liberately pulling  open  the  door.  The 
door  is  self  acting — opening  when  the  cage 
arrives  and  closing  the  moment  it  passes 
either  up  or  down.  The  door  is  opened  by 
the  pushing  outward  of  the  upper  hinge 
and  closed  by  the  hinge  being  drawn  in 
again  to  the  perpendicular.  These  two 
movements  are  effected  by  the  pressure  of 
a  block  attached  to  the  cage  upon  a  curved 
iron  rod  attached  to  the  hinge  as  a  lever 
and  to  a  weight  which  serves  as  a  counter- 
pois  to  the  door.  The  new  "  Station 
Safety  "  requires  no  attention,  and  being 
once  put  up  is  always  on  duty  ready  to 
take  care  of  the  miners  when  they  forget 
to  take  care  of  themselves.  Mr.  Pyne  has 
applied  for  a  patent  upon  his  invention 
and  will  doubtless  obtain  one  without  dif- 
ficulty. 


Names  of  Nom-de-Plume  Writers  of  Note. 

We  find  the  following  list  of  nom-de-plume 
writers  passing  current  in  the  Eastern  and 
"Western  Press : 

Artemus  Ward  * Charles  F.  Browne. 

Barry  Cornwall William  Proctor. 

B.  Dadd J.  H.  Williams. 

Cousin  May  Carleton Miss  M.  E.  Earle. 

Country  Parson A.  R.  H.  Boyd. 

Carrie  Carleton  *. . .  .Mrs.  Washington  Wright. 

Currer  Bell  * Charlotte  Bronte. 

Daisy  Howard Miss  Myra  Daisy  McCrara. 

Disbanded  Volunteer Joseph  Barber. 

Edmund  Kirke J.  R.  Gilmore. 

Fanny  Fern .Mrs.  James  S.  Parton. 

Elm  Orlou Mrs.  M.  M.  Poineroy. 

Florence  Percy Mrs.  Elizabeth  Akers. 

Gail  Hamilton  Miss  Abigail  E  Dodge. 

George  Eliot Miss  Evans. 

Grace  Greenwood Mrs.  Lippincott. 

Howard  Glyndon Miss  Laura  C.  Redden. 

Ike  Marvel Donald  G.  Mitchell. 

Josh  Billings Henry  W.  Shaw. 

Jennie  June Mrs.  Jennie  Croly. 

Jeemes  Pipes Stephen  Massett. 

K.  N.  Pepper James  M.  Morris. 

Lisle  Lester Mrs.  L.  P.  Higbee. 

L.  E.  L. — Mrs.  Landon. 

Lounger Geo.  W.  Curtis. 

Mary  Clavers Mrs.  C.  N.  Kirkland. 

Max  Sloper,  Esq C-  G.  Leland. 

Mark  Twain ;  Samuel  Clemens. 

Miles  O'Keilly Chas.  W.  Halpine. 

Mrs.  Partington P .  B.  ShiUaber. 

Marion  Harland Mrs.  Virginia  Terhune. 

Ned  Buntline E.  Z.  C.  Judson. 

Owen  Meredith Bulwer,  Jr. 

Orpheus  C.  Kerr Robert  H.  Newell. 

P.  B.  Doesticks Mortimer  Thompson. 

Petroleum  V.  Nasby D.  E.  Locke. 

Paul  Crayton I.  T.  Trowbridge. 

Peter  Parley I.  C.  Goodrich. 

George  Sand Madam  Dudevant. 

Timothy  Titcomb Dr.  J.  G.  Holland. 

Village  Schoolmaster Chas.  M.  Dickinson. 

W.  Savage  North William  S.  Newell. 

Widow  Bedott  * Miriam  Berry. 

Waif  Woodland Mrs.  C.  P.  Blair. 

*  Deceased. 


The  newspapers  of  the  world  are  esti- 
mated to  number  12,500,  and  the  average 
number  of  sheets  issued  daily  at  12,000,000. 
Europe  has  about  7,000  journals,  America 
5,000,  and  the  remainder  are  divided  be- 
tween Asia,  Australia,  Africa  and  other 
outlying  regions  on  the  outskirts  of  civ- 
ilization. 


February  10,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


87 


UsEfJL     IflpO^piAJION. 

More  about  Artificial  Leather. 

In  our  issue  of  December  9th,  1871,  wa 
gave  quite  a  full  account  of  the  production, 
properties  and  uses  of  the  now  article  of 
commerce,  known  as  "artificial  leather." 
Since  that  paragraph  wns  published,  we 
havo  received  inquiries  as  to  a  very  ma- 
terial part  of  tho  process  of  the  manufac- 
ture, which  was  therein  omitted,  for  the 
reason  that  wo  wore  unable  to  give  it,  to 
to  wit, — tho  mode  of  reducing  tho  leather 
scraps  to  "pulp."  Possibly  tho  follow- 
ing item  which  wo  clip  from  the  London 
Trade  Circular,  may  answer    the    query: 

Compressed  Leather 
Is  at  present  monufacturcd  from  the  re- 
fuso  of  saddleries  and  Bhocmaking  estab- 
lishments. Tho  refuse  is  first  cleaned 
from  dirt  and  foreign  substances,  cut  into 
thin  strips,  mixed  with  tho  refuse  of  raw 
hides,  and  soaked  in  water  containing  one 
per  cent,  of  sulphuric  acid,  until  tho 
whole  forms  a  plastic  mass,  which  is  filled 
into  moulds  and  subjected  to  pressure. 
After  drying  tho  material,  then,  by  means 
of  steam,  it  has  to  pass  through  a  system  of 
rollers  to  ronder  it  soft,  even,  and  similar 
to  real  leathor;  ono  per  cent,  of  glycerine 
is  used  to  prevent  its  cracking.  It  may  bo 
used,  on  account  of  its  cheapness,  where  it 
is  not  exposed  to  moisture. 

The  article  above  described  is  evidently 
quite  different  from  the  '  'artificial  leather" 
described  in  our  issue  of  Dec.  9th,  of 
which  it 'will  bo  observed  caoutchouc 
formed  a  very  oonsiderablo  portion,  while 
it  is  entirely  absent  from  the  "compressed 
leather"  above  described.  But  if  leather 
scraps  can  be  dissolved  as  above,  the  ma- 
chinery of  the  "  pulp"  in  the  former  in- 
stance is  easily  arrived  at. 


A  Bio  Clinker. — Probably  the  biggest 
clinker  ever  known  in  the  history  of  man 
is  that  now  in  the  cellar  of  a  former  exten- 
sive stove  store  on  Biver  street.  About 
9,000  stoves  were  melted  down  by  the 
Great  Fire  into  one  mass,  which  gathering 
into  it  an  immense  quantity  of  bricks  and 
stone,  presented,  when  cooled  off,  one  of 
the  most  formidable  masses  of  debris  occa- 
sioned by  the  fire.  Every  endeavor  to 
break  it  up  by  any  ordinary  means  having 
failed,  one  of  Pox  &  Howard's  immense 
pile  drivers  was  employed  for  that  pur- 
pose, but  oven  its  huge  hammer  has  so  far, 
after  four  weeks  hard  work,  proved  inef- 
fectual. The  hammer  of  the  first  "driver" 
has  been  completely  smashed  up  in  its 
vain  endeavor  to  conquer  the  stubborn 
clinker,  and  now  a  new  machine  of  this 
character  has  been  set  to  work.  It  must 
be  several  weeks  yet  before  this  obstruc- 
tion to  rebuilding  can  be  removed.  Chi- 
cago is  ahead  yet  on  clinkers. —  Western 
Rural.       

The  Castor-Oil  Plant. — This  plant  is 
a  native  of  India,  and  has  been  known 
from  the  earliest  antiquity,  seeds  of  it 
having  .been  found  in  Egyptian  sarcophagi. 
It  was  used  by  the  Greeks.  In  its  native 
country  it  is  a  perennial,  fifteen  or  twenty 
feet  high,  with  a  thick  stem.  In  cold  cli- 
mates it  becomes  an  annual.  There  are 
many  instances  of  perennial  plants  becom- 
ing annuals"  by  change  of  climate. 

The  rapid  growth  of  the  plant  is  illus- 
trated by  an  instance  reported  in  Ten- 
nessee. A  castor  bean  was  planted  in 
May,  1871,  in  a  garden  in  Memphis,  and  in 
November  it  had  grown  to  the  night  of 
twenty-three  feet,  with  a  spread  of  foliage 
fifteen  feet  in  diameter.  The  trunk,  ten 
inches  above  the  ground,  was  eighteen 
inches  in  circumference. 


Thistle  Whisky. — The  New  York  In- 
dependent discourses  thus  eloquently  in 
regard  to  thistle  whisky  in  Canada:  "Do 
men  gather  figs  from  thistles  ?  No;  but 
the  Canadians  are  making  theirs  into 
whisky.  The  beverage  is  distilled  from 
the  stalks  and  leaves  of  the  Canada  thistle, 
and  is  represented  to  be  about  thirty-five  per 
cent,  alcohol,  and  to  have  a  pleasant  aro- 
matic flavor.  The  effect  upon  the  system 
is  very  penetrating  and  exhilerating,  "the 
sensation"  being  the  same  as  if  a  Jews- 
harp  in  full  tune  was  attached  to  every 
nerve.  Persons  who  have  been  played  on 
with  Jews-harps  after  this  manner  will  be 
able  to  tell  whether  they  would  like  thistle 
whisky  or  not." 

525,600  railroad  trains  leave  London  in 
the  course  of  one  year. 


Patent  Safety  Lamp. 

The  accompanying  illustrations  repre- 
sent the  Bright-Union  Safety  Lamp,  one 
which  possesses  considerable  merit,  since 
it  is  the  only  ono  that  has  tho  burner  con- 
nected with  the  tube  separate  and  distinct 
from  the  reservoir  containing  tho  oil,  and 


Patent  Safety  Lamp. 

in  case  it  should  be  upset,  the  oil  will 
flow/irom  the  burner  and  not  come  in  con- 
tact with  the  flame.  Most  of  the  lamps  in 
use  have  the  burner  screwed  direct   on  to 


the  fount,  or  oil  tube  containing  the  oil, 
there  being  nothing  in  that  case  to  pre- 
vent the  accumulation  of  gas,  and  from 
that  cause  we  hear  of  numberless  acci- 
dents from  explosions. 

This  lamp  is  constructed  with  two  tubes, 
as  will  be  seen  in  the  out,  the  outside  one, 


I),  intended  only  for  the  attachment  of  the 
burner,  and  the  inside  one,  0,  to  contain 
oil  and  receive  wick.  As  there  is  no  con- 
nection between  these  tubes,  it  will  be 
evident  that  there  can  be  no  possibility  of 
communicating  any  heat  to  the  oil,  and  as 
long  as  the  oil  in  a  lamp  can  be  kept  per- 
fectly cool .  there  is  no  chance  for  an  ex- 
plosion. The  tube  to  which  the  burner  is 
attached,  Z>,  is  free  from  the  oil  tube,  C, 
and  a  space  for  air,  passing  from  the  lower 
end,  between  the  tube  of  the  burner  and 
the  tube  of  the  oil,  keeps  it  always  cool. 
The  oil  receptacle  represented  by  A  ad- 


mits the  oil  through  an  opening  in  the 
top  whenever  it  passes  down  through  the 
tubo  li  into  the  tube  C.  E  represents  the 
burner. 

When  tho  burner  is  attached  to  the  lamp 
it  will  be  seen  that  there  is  no  opportunity 
for  the  oil  to  esoape,  should  it  bo  over- 
turned, and  in  case  any  accident  should 
result,  the  worst  consequences  that  would 
occur  would  be  the  breaking  of  a  chimney 
or  shade.  Tho  patent  for  this  invention 
was  obtained  through  tho  Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency,  by  M.  Samuels, 
and  the  lamps  may  be  soeu  at  Centor  & 
Bryant's,  No.  10  Third  street,  in  this  city. 


Qood  HEAtLTH- 


The  Sensation  of  Absent  Limbs. 

It  has  long  been  known  to  surgeons  that 
when  a  limb  has  been  cut  off  the  sufferer 
does  not  lose  tho  consciousness  of  its  ex- 
istence. This  has  been  found  to  be  true 
in  noarly  every  case.  Only  about  five  per 
cent,  of  the  men  who  havo  suffered  ampu- 
tation nover  have  any  fooling  of  the  part 
as  being  still  present.  Of  the  rest  there 
are  a  few  who  in  time  come  to  forget  the 
missing  member,  while  the  remainder 
seem  to  retain  a  sense  of  its  existence  so 
vivid  as  to  be  more  definite  and  intrusive 
than  is  that  of  tho  truly  living  fellow  mem- 
ber. 

A  person  in  this  condition  is  haunted,  as 
it  were,  by  a  constant  or  inconstant  frac- 
tional phantom  of  so  much  of  himself  as 
has  been  lopped  away — an  unseen  ghost  of 
the  lost  part,  and  sometimes  a  presence 
made  sorely  inconvenient  by  the  fact  that 
while  but  faintly  felt  at  times,  it  is  at  oth- 
ers acutely  called  to  his  attention  by  the 
pains  or  irritations  which  it  appears  to  suf- 
fer from  a  blow  on  the  stump  or  a  change 
in  the  weather. 

There  is  something  almost  tragical, 
something  ghastly,  in  the  notion  of  these 
thousands  of  spirit  limbs  haunting  as 
many  good  soldiers,  and  every  now  and 
then  tormenting  them  with  the  disappoint- 
ments which  arise,  when  the  memory  be- 
ing off  guard  for  a  moment,  the  keen  sense 
of  tho  limb's  presence  betrays  the  man 
into  some  effort,  the  failure  of  which  of  a 
sudden  reminds  him  of  his  loss. 

Many  persons  feel  the  lost  limb  as  exist 
ing  the  moment  they  awaken  from  the 
merciful  stupor  of  the  ether  given  to  de 
stroy  the  torments  of  the  knife;  others 
come  slowly  to  this  consciousness  in  days 
and  weeks,  and  when  the  wound  has 
healed ,  but,  as  a  rule,  the  more  sound  and 
serviceable  the  stump,  especially  if  an  ar- 
tificial limb  be  worn,  the  more  likely  is 
the  man  to  feel  faintly  the  presence  of  his 
shorn  member.  Sometimes  a  blow  on  the 
stump  will  re-awaken  such  consciousness, 
or,  as  happened  in  one  case,  a  re-amputa- 
tion higher  up  the  limb  will  summon  it 
anew  into  seeming  existence. 

With  others  it  is  a  presence  never  absent, 
save  in  sleep.  "If,"  says  one  man,  "I 
should  say  I  am  more  sure  of  the  leg  which 
ain't  than  of  the  one  that  is,  I  guess  I 
should  be  about  correct."  —  Lippincott's 
Magazine. 

Painless  Extraction  of  Teeth. 

Dr.  A.  C.  Castle — Dental  Cosmos — 
observes  that  he  has  for  thirty  years  adopt- 
ed the  plan  of  obtunding  or  benumbing 
the  extremities  of  the  temporal  nerves,  for 
painless  extraction  of  teeth  from  their 
sockets,  with  complete  success,  never  hav- 
ing used  or  countenanced  the  exhibition  of 
chloroform,  ether,  or  nitrous  oxide  gas  for 
this  minor  surgical  operation.  The  be- 
numbing, or  mechanical  anxestliesia,  of  the 
temporal  branches  of  nerves,  obtunds  the 
whole  nerve  to  a  sufficient  extent  to  allow 
the  teeth  to  be  removed,  with  sensation  so 
slight  that,  if  not  attending  a  special 
surgical  operation,  it  would  scarcely  be 
noticed  by  the  patient.  One  of  two  modes 
may  be  adopted.  By  application  of  ice  to 
the  temples,  which  is  somewhat  distress- 
ing, the  sensation  of  cold  striking  deeply. 
The  other,  to  which  he  gives  the  preference, 
is  done  by  au  assistant,  with  each  of  his 
middle  fingers  pressing  with  persistent 
firmness  into  the  fossa  or  hollow  behind 
the  ridge  or  the  temporal  bone,  which 
forms  the  external  bone  circle  orbit  of  the 
eye.  Pressure  for  one  minute  is  all  that 
is  necessary.  The  practice  is  as  simple  as 
it  is  harmless,  and  leaves  no  after  unpleas- 
ant sensation  to  annoy  the  patient.  It  is  an 
instinctive  method  often  adopted  by  people 
themselves,  who  press  their  temples  with 
their  fingers  to  relieve  themselves  tem- 
porarily of  the  acute  paroxysms  of  nervous 
headache.  This  temporary  pressure,  with 
sufficient  force,  is  all  that  is  required  to 
remove  teeth  painlessly. 


New  Style  of  Vaccination. 

The  November  number  of  Harper's 
Magazine  gives  the  details  of  an  improved 
method  of  vaccination,  which,  in  view  of 
the  ravages  of  small-pox  in  our  cities,  may 
perhaps  deserve  tho  attention  of  our  medi- 
cal practitioners.  The  new  plan  was  first 
practiced  by  a  Mr.  Ellis,  an  English  physi- 
cian. Ordinary  vaccination  is  performed 
by  scraping  off  the  epidermis  and  thrust- 
ing tho  vaccine  virus  into  a  puncture  made 
by  tho  lancet.  A  greatly  improved  method, 
however,  consists  in  raising  a  small  blister 
by  a  drop  of  cantharides  applied  to  the 
skin.  This  is  to  be  pricked  and  the  drop 
of  fluid  let  out,  and  a  fine  vaccine  point 
put  in  this  place,  and  withdrawn  after  a 
moment  of  delay  ;  the  epidermis  falls  back 
and  quite  excludes  the  air,  shutting  out 
any  germs  that  might  be  floating  in  the 
atmosphere.  This  method  has  been 
practiced  by  Mr.  Ellis  for  twenty  years, 
and  out  of  hundreds  of  cases  of  vaccina- 
tion which  he  has  performed  he  has  nover 
had  an  instance  of  blood-poisoning  or 
abcess,  while  by  the  ordinary  method  an 
occurrence  of  secondary  abcess  is  by  no 
means  uncommon,  and  that  of  byiemia  is 
often  observed.  The  comparative  safety  of 
this  method  is  believed  to  be  due,  first,  to 
the  exclusion  of  tho  air  ;  and,  second,  to 
the  lesser  size  of  the  aperture  for  the  in- 
troduction of  mischief,  than  when  the 
punctures  are  made  by  the  lancet. 

Cure  for  Burns. 

Scalds  and  burns  which  are  not  much 
more  than  skin  deep  are  instantly  relieved 
of  pain,  by  excluding  the  air  ;  that  which 
does  it  the  most  perfectly,  gives  the  most 
decided  relief,  and  is  most  likely  to  be  at 
hand  in  an  emergency,  is  the  best. 
Plunge  the  part  in  water,  cool  or  warm  ; 
but  as  this  is  not  applicable  to  some  por- 
tions of  the  body  except  for  a  short  time, 
too  short  for  the  healing  process  to  take 
place,  it  must  be  regarded  as  a  tempo- 
rary expedient  while  some  more  perma- 
nent application  can  be  prepared. 
Sprinkle  common  flour  over  the  burned 
part  until  it  is  entirely  covered  over  ;  the 
moisture  of  the  wound  causes  the  flour  to 
form  a  plaster  impervious  to  air.  If  this 
plaster  cracks  or  scales  off,  the  part  can 
be  moistened  with  warm  water  and  flour 
applied  as  before.  In  a  very  few  days  a 
beautiful  new  skin  will  form,  without  a 
scar,  and  the  cakes  will  fall  off — or  apply 
warm  water  until  they  become  so  soft  as  to 
fall  off  of  themselves  ;  do  not  pick  them 
off  with  the  finger  nails.  The  incon- 
venience of  the  hard  coating  can  be 
avoided  by  using  another  application  made 
of  oil  and  lime  water.  Pour  water  on  a 
lump  of  unslacked  lime  ;  as  soon  as  it  is 
clear  stir  in  sweet  oil  until  it  is  as  thick 
as  thick  cream,  by  slacking,  and  apply  it 
freely  at  the  time,  and  subsequently  as 
often  as  any  discomfort  arises.  If  boiling 
water  is  poured  on  the  lime  rock,  it  will 
clear  in  a  few  minutes.  Good  druggists 
always  keep  lime  water  on  hand.  Families 
would  do  well  to  keep  a  bottle  of  the 
mixture  always  on  hand  ;  it  will  keep  a 
year,  and  can  be  taken  and  used  at  a  mo- 
ment's notice,  the  natural  skin  growing 
again  without  a  scar,  and  without  the  in- 
convenient hard  caking  of  flour. 

Charcoal. — If  charcoal  is  taken  into 
the  stomach  in  a  fresh  condition,  it  tends 
to  correct  acidity,  and  to  vitalize  and  in- 
vigorate, although  scientists  may  be 
puzzled  to  explain  exactly  why.  The  most 
plausible  theory  is  that  it  promotes  slow 
eombuscion,  making  the  partially  decayed 
matter  burn  up  and  leave  nothing  but 
fresh.  If  a  piece  of  meat  is  packed  in 
fresh  charcoal,  and  occasionally  repacked, 
it  will  be  all  gone  at  last,  but  it  will  remain 
fresh.  Charcoal  will  even  restore  meat 
partially  decayed.  Meat  that  has  been 
overlooked  until  it  is  quite  offensive,  by 
washing  and  packing  in  charcoal  is  re- 
stored. Used  in  the  mouth,  some  authors 
say  it  tends  to  prevent  decay  of  the  teeth. 
A  considerably  large  piece,  held  in  the 
mouth  once  in  a  few  days  or  even  weeks, 
will  keep  the  breath  sweet,  and  tend  to 
preserve  the  teeth. 

Darkness  in  the  Treatment  op  Small- 
Pox. — If  a  patient,  in  the  beginning  of 
the  attack,  be  put  in  a  room  from  which 
absolutely  all  light  is  excluded  save  that 
of  a  candle,  the  effect  is  to  arrest  the 
disease  in  the  papular  or  vesicular  stage  ; 
the  skin  between  the  vesioles  is  never  in- 
flamed nor  swollen  ;  the  large  scabs  of 
matter  never  form  over  the  face  ;  there  is 
no  intense  pain,  and  only  trifling  itching, 
and  the  smell  is  either  very  slight  or 
altogether  wanting.  —London  Lancet. 

Milk  slightly  turned  sour  is  a  common 
cause  of  diarrhea  in  children  and  infants. 


88 


SCIENTIFIC'  PRESS^ 


[February  10,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER... Senior  Editor. 

ZDEWEY  «fe  CO.,  rviTblislxex-s. 

GEO.  H.  STRONG, 
JN0.  Ii.  BOONE. 


A.  T.  DEWET, 
W.  B.  EWEB, 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  opposite 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s.  

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising Rates  — 1  meek.  Imonfh.   Smonffis.   lyear. 

Perline 25  .80  $2.00        $5.00 

One-halfinch $1.00       $3  00  7.50        20.00 

Oneinch 2.00         5.00  14.00         36.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4; 
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will  pay  for  IIS  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
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@£lxl  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Feb.  10,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates. 
Sam  Francisco,  Wednesday,  February  7,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying  911$;  selling,  92.    Gold  in  New  Yorfc 
to-day,  10954. 


Table  of  Contents. 


Correspondence. —  Mining  and  Other  Matters  in 
Montana;  Inyo  County  Mining  Matters:  San  Diego 
Mines  ;  Mining  in  Placer  and  El  Dorado,  82. 

Domestic  Economy. — Various  Ways  of  Cooking  Pota- 
toes; Economy  of  a  Damper;  Mechanical  Hints,  91. 

Editobials.— California  Petroleum,  88;  The  Mining 
Interests.  Trade  Maries,  Mining  Accidents,  89  ; 
Academy  of  Science,  81. 

Good  Health.— The  Sensation  of  Absent  Limbs;  Pain- 
less Extraction  of  Teeth;  New  Style  of  Vaccination; 
Cure  for  Burns,  87. 

Illustrations. — U.  S.  Signal  Service  Department,  81'; 
An  Improved  Shoe  Fastening,  A  New  Cooking  Appa- 
ratus, 89. 

Mechanical  Progress.— Friction  Gearing  vs.  Belt*  and 
Cog  Wheels;  Rolling  Iron;  Testing  Cotton  Gins,  83. 

Mining  Summary. — Reports  from  Mines  in  various 
States,  Counties,  and  Districts  ;  Stock  ReportB  ;  Metal 
and  Leather  MarketB;  Share  holder's  Directory,  84-5. 

Miscellaneous. — The  Railroad  Works  at  Sacrament} ; 
Another  WaBhoe  Mining  Invention  ;  Name"  of  Norn- 
de-Plume  Writers  of  Note.  86 ;  For  the  Protection  of 
Miners,  81 ;  The  Geological  Survey,  Belcher  Mine, 
Etc.,  98. 

Scientific  Progress. — The  Permanent  Gases;  The  Sand 
Blast;  The  Pneumatic  Sewage  System,  etc.,  83. 

Useful  Information. — More  About  Artificial  Leather ; 
The  Amethyst  of  Commerce;  Improved  Soap  Bub- 
bles, 87. 


To  Correspondents. — Our  numerous 
correspondents  will  save  us  much  trouble 
and  perhaps  make  their  articles  more 
satisfactory  to  themselves,  by  dividing  the 
subject  matter  and  putting  in  appropriate 
"subheads"  while  they  are  writing.  By 
noticing  the  letters  in  the  Press  from  time 
to  time,  they  will  see  that  the  majority  of 
the  letters  are  divided  in  the  manner  refer- 
red to,  but  we  generally  have  to  do  it  our- 
selves. Frequently  something  is  spoken 
of  in  the  first  part  and  again  referred  to 
below,  making  it  difficult  to  divide  it 
properly.  By  doing  as  we  suggest  our 
correspondents  will  find  it  easier  to  write 
clearly  and  at  the  same  time  oblige  us.  If 
you  are  going  to  treat  of  several  subjects 
in  one  letter,  write  them  on  a  slip  of  paper 
by  yonr  side,  and  treat  of  each  one  seper- 
ately  under  its  appropriate  head.  Our 
endeavor  is  to  make  our  paper  as  fresh  and 
attractive  as  possible,  and  if  our  read- 
ers desire  to  read  one  thing  and  not 
another,  by  seeing  the  articles  "  sub- 
headed  "  they  can  take  their  choice. 

Miners'  Meeting. — The  telegraph  in- 
forms us  that  the  miners'  meeting  held  at 
Grass  Valley  on  the  3d  inst.  took  ac- 
tion against  the  use  of  giant  powder  in 
the  mines.  They  did  not  resolve  to  strike, 
but  voted  to  meet  again  on  the  10th,  and 
meanwhile  the  different  mining  superin- 
tendents are  to  be  interviewed.  It  is  cur- 
rently reported  that  another  strike  will  be 
ordered  if  the  use  of  giant  powder  is  con- 
tinued in  the  mines. 

Beet  Sugar. — The  Sacramento  Record  of  the 
3d  says  that  the  Sacramento  Beet  Sugar  Com- 
pany have  just  finished  working  last  year's  crop 
of  beets.  The  product  is  nine  hundred  barrels 
of  excellent  refined  sugar.  The  season  was  a 
very  bad  one.  The  Company  will  culitvate 
twelve  hundred  acres  of  beets  this  year,  adjoin- 
ing its  Manufactory,  and  expect  to  produce  at 
least  ten  thousand  barrels  of  sugar  the  coming 
season — perhaps  eleven  thousand — besides  sev- 
eral hundred  barrels  of  excellent  molasses. 


On  File. — "Battle  Mountain;"  Letters 
from"S&P„"  "N.  M.,"and"P.  A.  B." 


California  Petroleum. 

Discoveries  in  San  Fernando,  Los  Angeles  County. 

A  telegram  on  the  3d  inst.  informs  us  that 
an  experimental  shipment  of  100  barrels  of 
crude  petroleum  was  being  shipped  from 
San  Fernando  District,  Los  Angeles,  for 
the  petroleum  refinery  of  this  city.  We 
had  already  been  informed  that  recent  de- 
velopments at  that  locality  had  been  such 
that  much  attention  was  being  attracted  to 
those  deposits,  and  on  further  inquiry  we 
have  learned  that  a  company  is  being 
formed  in  this  city  to  thoroughly  develop 
the  deposit,  and  secure  a  home  production 
for  this  important  and  indispensable  com- 
modity. From  the  facts  which  have  been 
elicited,  we  feel  warranted  in  saying  that 
one  of  the  most  important  enterprises  is 
about  to  be  set  on  foot  which  has  yet  been 
attempted  in  the  State.  The  gentlemen 
engaged  in  this  enterprise  are  so  sanguine 
of  success  that  they  are  preparing  the  ma- 
terial and  machinery  to  commence  opera- 
tions in  a  short  time,  and  orders  have 
already  been  received  from  a  single  house, 
for  1,000  barrels  of  oil  per  day,  under  a 
contract  for  an  unlimited  time — an  order 
which  the  company  is  fully  assured  they 
will  be  able  to  answer  as  soon  as  the  proper 
arrangements  can  be  made  to  commence 
operations  in  earnest. 

The  Locality  of  These  Deposits 
Is  at  a  point  about  35  miles  distant  from 
the  Los  Angeles  Railway  Depot,  over  an 
excellent  road,  and  from  thence  by  rail  to 
the  shipping  point  at  San  Diego,  the  dis- 
tance is  21  miles  by  rail — total  distance  to 
seaboard  56  miles.  The  wagon  road  to  the 
railroad  is  better  in  winter  than  in  sum- 
mer— thus  insuring  good  transportation  at 
all  seasons  of  the  year.  According  to  lat- 
est accounts  from  the  locality,  the  deposits 
are  very  extensive,  and  from  the  work  done 
upon  them  up  to  this  time  abundant  proof 
has  been  adduced  that  natural  petroleum 
of  the  highest  grade  is  about  to  be  added 
as  an  important  and  valuable  addition 
to  the  commercial  wealth  of  Califor- 
nia. In  addition  to  numerous  natural 
springs,  from  whence  the  petroleum  can 
be  readily  gathered  in  quantity,  several 
wells  have  been  sunk  with  the  most  satis- 
factory result.  The  shipment  above  alluded 
to  has  been  dipped  with  buckets  from  nat- 
ural springs,  and  yields  from  60  to  65  per 
cent,  illuminating  oil,  while  the  residuum 
is  valuable  for  gas  purposes,  fuel,  etc. 

The  formation  where  these  deposits  are 
found,  lies  in  a  range  of  mountains  trend- 
ing nearly  east  and  west,  and  varies  in 
width  from  a  few  hundred  feet  to  a  mile  or 
more.  The  oil  is  found  oozing  out  from  a 
strata  of  shale  and  sandstone,  wherever 
the  gulches  and  canons  have  cut  it  to  any 
considerable  depth.  In  addition  to  the 
wells,  several  tunnels  have  also  been  run, 
to  tap  the  deposits,  from  the  walls  of  which 
the  oil  oozes,  wherever  they  enter  the  shale 
or  sandstone  strata.  The  cost  of  transpor- 
tation from  the  springs  to  the  railroad  is 
about  two  cents  per  gallon. 

Dr.  Vincent  Gelcich,  of  Los  Angeles, 
from  whom  we  have  gathered  the  above 
facts,  is  now  at  the  Buss  House,  in  this 
city.  He  has  several  gallons  of  'oil  with 
him,  samples  of  which  he  will  be  pleased 
to  furnish  to  such  as  feel  an  interest  in  the 
matter,  and  give  any  information  to  such 
as  are  desirous  of  becoming  acquaint- 
ed with  this  new  development  of  the  nat- 
ural wealth  of  California. 

Commercial  Value  of  Petroleum. 

It  may  be  interesting  in  this  connection, 
to  look  for  a  moment  at  what  this  product 
of  nature  is  still  doing  for  Pennsylvania, 
after  many  years  of  uninterrupted  yield. 
By  examining  the  commercial  statistics  of 
Pennsylvania  it  will  be  seen  that  the  ex- 
port of  petroleum  from  that  State  for  the 
year  1870,  amounted  to  the  sum  of  $34,- 
000,000,  more  than  the  gold  yield  of  Cal- 
ifornia. This  product  has  added  greatly 
to  the  prosperity  of  Pennsylvania,  and  is 


a  source  of  immense  wealth.  The  demand 
for  petroleum  all  over  the  world  is  very 
great.  The  traveler  finds  it  in  England, 
Germany,  Russia,  France,  Italy,  and 
Turkey— all  imported  from  Pennsylvania. 

In  the  report  of  the  exports  of  Philadel- 
phia for  eleven  months  of  last  year,  petro- 
leum is  the  leading  item  of  that  city, 
amounting  to  52,135,600  gallons  at  a  valu- 
ation of  $12,457,400,  about  23%  cents  per 
gallon,  at  the  rate  of  $1,132,490  and  10-11 
per  month.  It  has  been  remarked  with 
great  justice,  that  petroleum  is  to  Phila- 
delphia what  wheat  is  to  San  Francisco, 
only  that  there  is  more  certainty  in  the 
supply  and  the  demand. 

It  is  stated  in  the  Journal  Eclairage  au 
Gas  of  Paris  that  Petroleum  can  be  con- 
verted into  a  permanent  solid,  which  will 
burn  without  liquefying  and  may  be  pre- 
served in  a  firm  mass  for  any  period.  The 
process  is  not  given,  and  is  a  secret. 
Should  this  prove  to  be  true,  the  value  of 
the  discovery  is  incalculable;  for  with  pe- 
troleum in  a  solid  state  it  will  take  the 
place  of  coal  upon  the  ocean  steamers,  and 
in  all  manufactories  where  coal  is  now 
used  at  very  great  expense.  According 
to  the  recent  reports  the  experiments  made 
with  liquid  fuel  in  Russia  have  been  satis- 
factory in  their  results,  and  prove  a  saving 
of  35  per  cent,  by  using  naptha  instead  of 
coal.  This  being  true,  if  the  petroleum 
or  its  products  can  be  made  solid  so  as  to 
be  easily  handled,  the  space  occupied 
by  coal  on  our  ocean  steamers  can  be  made 
available  for  cargo. 

Consumption   of    Kerosene    in    California. 

On  the  Pacifio  Coast  large  quantities  of 
this  oil  is  imported  from  the  East,  at  very 
great  risk  and  cost,  and  almost  immedi- 
ately consumed.  The  demand  is '  increas- 
ing as  its  uses  are  becoming  very  much 
extended.  The  Metropolitan  Gas  Com- 
pany of  this  city,  intend  to  use  petroleum 
altogether  for  making  its  gas,  and  the 
light  from  it  has  been  shown  to  be  far 
more  brilliant  and  cheaper  than  that  from 
coal.  Lubricating  oils,  benzine,  naptha, 
parrafine  and  corazine,  all  valuable  arti- 
cles, are  extracts  from  petroleum ;  and 
upon  reference  to  the  commercial  reports 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  trade  in  them  is 
qnite  extensive.  The  importation  of 
kerosene  is  one  of  the  immense  drains  of 
gold  and  silver  from  this  State  to  the  East, 
causing  a  continual  scarcity  of  money  and 
rates  of  interest  higher  than  in  any  other 
part  of  the  world.  Millions  go  to  the 
East  to  pay  for  petroleum,  whilst  we  have 
a  superior  article  in  abundance  at  our  very 
doors. 

As  we  are  satisfied  that  these  deposits  of 
petroleum  exist  in  San  Fernando  as  repre- 
sented, and  we  have  the  most  approved 
material  and  machinery  for  obtaining  and 
refining  it,  we  trust  the  company  now  be  ■ 
ing  formed  will  meet  with  proper  encour- 
agement from  the  capitalists  of  this  city 
and  State,  whose  aid  will  be  needed  in 
procuring  the  means  for  the  full  develop- 
ment of  the  property  which  bids  so  fair  to 
secure  from  our  own  resources  this  im- 
portant commodity,  and  thus  assist  in 
keeping  an  equivalent  money  value  at 
home. 

Medicinal  Properties  of  Petroleum. 

In  nearly  every  drug  store  is  found  a 
celebrated  remedy  recommended  by  En- 
glish physicians,  originating  in  Asia  and 
pretended  to  be  manufactured  in  England, 
known  as  British  or  Rock  Oil,  which  is 
prescribed  as  a  liniment  for  rheumatism, 
neuralgia,  etc. ,  which  is  nothing  more  or 
less  than  pure  petroleum  and,  it  is  no  doubt 
often  used  with  very  beneficial  effect. 

As  a  further  example  of  the  the  uses  of 
petroleum  for  Banitary  purposes,  we  may 
cite  the  following  very  interesting  and  val- 
uable facts.  Dr.  Gelcich,  during  the  re- 
cent epidemic  rage  of  small-pox  in  Los 
Angeles,  had  many  patients  afflicted  with 
that  disease,  and  moreover  had  to  officiate 
as  County  Coroner,  in  performing  the  du- 


ties of  which  he  was  often  called  upon  to 
enter  houses  and  have  bodieB  removed 
for  burial.  In  fumigating  such  places  he 
found  the  most  effective  way  was  to  place 
two  or  three  ounces  of  the  oil  in  a  frying- 
pan,  set  it  on  fire  and  put  it  in  the  middle 
of  the  rooms.  As  aprecautionary  measure 
for  himself  he  washed  his  hands  in  petro- 
leum when  it  became  necessary  to  handle 
the  bodies;  he  also  recommended  to 
every  family  to  place  a  small  quantity  in  a 
saucer  in  the  corner  of  every  room,  which 
neutralized  the  miasma,  purified  the  at- 
mosphere and  effectually  prevented  the 
spread  of  the  infection.  He  believes  that 
to  this  method  is  to  be  attributed  the  suc- 
cess that  attended  his  practice  during  the 
eleven  months  continuance  of  that  terri- 
ble epidemic. 

The  Doctor  has  used  carbolic  acid,  creo- 
sote, chlorine  and  bromide  of  potassium, 
etc.,  in  different  forms,  as  recommended 
by  many  physicians,  but  the  best  results 
obtained  in  cases  of  small-pox  were  from 
petroleum,  which  is  more  convenient, 
more  agreeable  to  the  senses  and  a  much 
cheaper  article.  He  recommends  its  uses 
in  all  sysmatic  cases  where  patients  are 
afflicted  with  typhoid  fever,  scarletina  or 
variola. 

Antiseptic  Properties  of  Petroleum. 

The  antiseptic  properties  of  petroleum 
are  well  described  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Twoler, 
Professor  of  chemistry,  etc.,  in  Hobart 
College  and  Geneva  Medical  College,  in 
his  analysis  of  it  made  some  time  since. 
He  first  describes  what  putrefaction  is  and 
states,  "that  it  is  the  decomposition,  de- 
cay or  natural  destruction  of  dead  or  or- 
ganic matter.  That  which  promotes  pu- 
trefaction is  air,  moisture,  warmth,  cryp- 
togamic  plants  and  infusory  inseots.  Dead 
organic  substance,  deprived  of  air  and 
moisture  and  kept  in  a  vacuum,  resists 
putrefaction  for  an  indefinite  time.  Chemi- 
cals may  act  in  various  ways  in  checking 
and  preventing  putrefaction ;  they  may  in 
the  first  place  exclude  air  and  moisture  me- 
chanically, as  it  were,  like  oils,  resins, 
paints,  tars,  gums  etc. 

Now  certain  chemicals  act  in  a  two-fold 
manner — they  may  either  abstract  water 
from  the  organic  matter  and  form  new 
compounds,  or  they  may  extract  the  mois- 
ture by  the  oxygen  of  the  air.  Such  anti- 
septics are  alcohol,  common  salt,  salt- 
petre, etc.  Others  again,  act  in  a  three- 
fold manner;  they  abstract  the  water,  ex- 
clude the  air  and  destroy  animal  and  veg- 
etable life. 

The  substance  that  will  best  perform  all 
this  work  is  petroleum.  If  for  instance,  a 
log  of  green  wood  be  immersed  in  petro- 
leum, the  water  and  air  in  the  pores  of 
the  wood  are  displaced  by  the  petroleum. 
Petroleum  thus  excludes  air  and  moisture 
from  organic  substances.  It  also  destroys 
living  vegetables  and  animals.  Petroleum 
contains  no  oxygen — which  is  a  necessary 
element  of  decomposition.  Out  of  all  sub- 
stances this  hydrocarbon  appears  to  be  the 
most  powerful  antiseptic  known;  and  I 
have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  it  for 
the  purpose  set  forth." 

The  Ancient  Romans  were  acquainted 
with  the  preservative  qualities  of  carbon ; 
this  fact  is  deduced  from  numerous 
charred  stakes  found  in  their  military  em- 
bankments and  dams;  but  their  system  of 
employing  it  was  merely  superficial; 
whereas  petroleum  and  liquid  carbon, 
which  covers  and  protects  the  minutest 
pores  of  the  wood,  expels  the  water  and 
air,  and  thus  substitutes  the  indestructi- 
ble carbon  for  materials  that  promote  de- 
composition." 

As  an  Antidote  for  the  Bites  of  Poisonous  Insects, 
Reptiles,  Etc. 

Petroleum  is,  also,  a  specific  for  the  oure 
of  the  bite  of  venomous  insects,  such  as 
bees,  spiders,  etc.,  and  the  bite  of  reptiles. 
A  farmer  in  Illinois  had  a  large  bee-gum 
near  his  house;  one  day  some  children 
playing  near  it  annoyed  the  bees,  which 
suddenly  attacked  the  intruders  and  stung 
some  of  them  in  a  terrible  manner;  the 
mother  of  the  children  immediately  washed 
with  petroleum  the  parts  stung  and  instant 
relief  was  obtained.  The  same  writer  as- 
serts that  petroleum  is  an  antidote  for  the 
bite  of  rattlesnake  and  reptiles  of  kindred 
nature. 


Wheelbarrows. — The  metalhc  tubular  wheel- 
barrows which  are  now  being  so  extensively 
used,  seem  destined  to  supercede  entirely  the 
old-fashioned  ones  made  of  wood.  The  first 
cost  is  a  little  larger,  but  they  will  be  found 
more  economical  in  the  end  on  account  of  their 
durability.  They  are  made  entirely  of  iron, 
are  stronger  and  lighter  than  wood,  and  conse- 
quently do  not  require  frequent  repairs  to  keep 
them  in  order.  Nutting  &  Co.,  of  this  city, 
manufacture  four  sizes  suitable  for  different 
kinds  of  work  on  the  farm  and  in  the  mine 


February  10,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


89 


Earnest  Talk  to  Miners. 

[F.t  the  Tuijm—  ByOi-b  Mjnex  —No.  2.) 
THE  MINING  INTEREST. 
Legislating  on  Dangerous  Ground.  Miners'   Rights 
and   Miners'  Wrongs. 
The    success    which    has   attended    the 
schemes  of  the   wealthy    and    influential 
land-grabbers  by  which  they  have  acquired 
possession  of  the  best  located  agricultural, 
timber   and  swamp  lands  in  the  State,  ap- 
pears to  have  emboldened  them  to  make 
desperate  efforts  to  obtain  the  incalculably 
valuable  mineral  lands  also,  before  the  peo- 
plo  shall  be  awakened  to  the  importance  of 
tho  question. 

There  are  a  number  of  bills  before  Con- 
gress and  the  State  Legislature  now  in  ses- 
sion, designed  for  this  object.  The  most 
dangorous  of  which,  and  that  to  which  we 
desire  to  call  tho  attention  of  tho  miners 
of  the  State,  on  this  occasion,  is  the  Bill  or 
Besolution,  asking  Congress  to  grant  all 
the  unsold  minoral  lands  to  the  State,  or 
in  other  words,  to  place  them  within  reach 
of  the  land-grabbers.  As  the  quantity 
of  these  lands  sold  is  not  the  ono-thousandth 
part  of  the  whole,  the  magnitude  of  the 
grant  asked  for  becomes  apparent. 

Tho  pretence  for  this  insiduous   scheme 
to  deprive  tho  miners  and  other  classes,  of 
tho  only  free  field  at  present  existing,  for 
exercise  of  their   enterprise  and  the  em- 
ployment  of   their  labor,  is,  that  existing 
legislation  is  too   cumbersome  to  acquire 
title   to  tho  mineral  lands. 
To  those  unacquainted  with  the 
"Ways  that  are  dark, 
And  the  tricks  that  are  vain, " 
of  the  California  land  speculator,  the  advo- 
cacy of   their  scheme   for   obtaining   the 
mineral  lands,  by  some  of  the  papers  pub- 
lished in  tho  mining  districts,  would   ap- 
pear to  express  the  views  of  the  miners  on 
the  question.     But  appearances  are  not  al- 
ways to  be  relied  on  in  such  cases . 

The  proverbial  carelessness  of  the  mi- 
ners on  nil  matters  except  such  as  directly 
pertain  to  the  working  of  their  claims;  the 
arduous  character  and  protracted  hours  of 
their  labor;  the  distance  from  newspaper 
and  post  offices  of  the  majority  of  mining 
claims,  cause  the  miners  very  rarely,  if 
ever,  to  express  their  opinions  on  any  sub- 
ject through  the  columns  of  the  local 
press.  It  was  a  knowledge  of  this  trait  in 
their  character,  derived  from  many  years 
experience  among  them  that  induced  us  to 
commence  this  series  of  '  'Earnest  Talk  to 
Miners"  to  obtain  their  opinions  on  ques- 
tions of  the  greatest  importance  to  their 
interest. 

The  land-grabbers  are  also  aware  of 
this  trait  in  the  miner's  character,  and  thus 
knowing  that  no  miners  will  take  the 
trouble  to  contradict  any  statements  which 
may  appear  in  the  local  papers,  they 
manage  to  induce  the  over-worked  moun- 
tain editor  to  publish,  as  editorial  matter, 
articles  written  by  the  land  speculator's 
agents.  There  is  scarcely  one  editor  in 
twenty,  in  the  mining  districts,  who  can 
spare  the  time  to  go  among  the  miners  to 
obtain  their  opinions,  consequently  they 
are  but  too  glad  to  accept  the  opinions  of 
those  who  assume  to  speak  for  them.  Such 
articles,  published  in  good  faith  by  the 
country  editor,  become  formidable  weapons 
when  used  in  Congress,  or  in  the  State 
Legislature;  because  they  are  received  as 
the  opinion  of  the  miners  in  the  locality, 
while  in  truth  they  only  express  the  views 
of  the  land  grabbers. 

What  advantage  would  the  miners  gain, 
should  Congress  grant  the  unsold  mineral 
lands  to  the  State  ?  Absolutely  none,  while 
they  would  lose  much  more  than  many  of 
them  suppose,  and  every  interest  in  the 
State,  except  that  of  the  land  speculators, 
would  suffer  an  irreparable  injury.  Under 
the  existing  state  of  affairs,  the  miner's 
claim,  being  part  of  the  public  domain,  is 
not  taxable.  Should  the  State  obtain  the 
mineral  lands,  every  claim  would  be  sub- 


ject to  taxation.  The  poorest,  as  usual, 
paying  the  largest  portion.  Estimating 
all  the  mines  in  the  State  to  be  worth  only 
850,000,000,  at  throe  per  cent. ,  the  ourrent 
rate  of  taxation,  these  mines  would  be 
taxed  Sl.SOO.OOO  annually,  which  would 
be  a  direct  loss  to  tho  miner,  and  but  little 
benefit  to  any  other  class  of  people,  except 
office  holders. 

Tho  minors  in  every  district  now  enjoy 
tho  privileg  of  making  laws  to  regulate 
their  own  affairs.  Were  the  State  to  be- 
come owner  of  the  mineral  lands,  special 
legislation  would  give  the  capitalist  such 
advantages  over  tho  working  miner  that 
tho  latter  would  bo  compelled  to  work  for 
such  wages  as  the  employer  of  his  labor 
would  dictate,  or  seek  for  other  employ- 
ment. 

The  minors,  during  twenty  years  of  free 
mineral  lands  have  obtained  enormous 
quantities  of  tho  precious  metals,  which 
has  circulated  among  every  olass  in  the 
community.  What  probability  is  there 
that  the  product  would  be  increased,  should 
the  mineral  lands  be  owned  by  a  few  com- 
panies of  capitalists? 

The  strongest  arguments  advanced  by 
the  advocates  of  the  proposed  disposal  of 
tho  mineral  lands,  in  large  tracts,  is  that 
such  a  disposition  of  them  would  increase 
the  product  of  the  precious  metals,  by  in- 
ducing capitalists  to  erect  costly  ma- 
chinery and  to  employ  a  large  force  of 
organized  laborers,  exposes  the  aim  of 
those  who  seek  to  obtain  these  lands,  and 
explains  the  loss  the  miners  and  the  State 
at  large  would  sustain,  should  they  suc- 
ceed in  gaining  their  object.  The  whole 
tenor  of  the  legislation  sought,  is  for  the 
benefit  of  oapital  at  the  expense  of  labor. 
The  assertion  made  by  the  advocates  of 
the  land  speculators,  that  the  granting  of 
the  mineral  lands  to  the  State  would  induce 
foreign  capitalists  to  invest  their  funds  in 
the  mines,  is  one  of  the  strongest  reasons 
why  Congress  should  not  thus  dispose  of 
them.  Should  these  lands  be  granted  to 
the  State,  the  State  would  sell  them  in  the 
same  manner  as  it  has  sold  its  school, 
university  and  swamp  lands,  in  large 
bodies  to  speculators,  who  in  turn  would 
sell  them,  at  enormous  profits,  to  foreign 
capitalists.  Is  it  quite  certain  that  the  sale 
of  the  mineral,  or  the  swamp  lands,  to 
non-resident  foreigners  is  either  a  present 
or  will  be  a  future  benefit  to  the  State  ? 

Suppose,  for  argument's  sake,  that  one 
or  fifty  foreign  companies  should  manage 
to  obtain  possession  of  a  large  portion 
of  these  lands.  They  would  take  all  the 
profits  of  such  investments  out  of  the 
State.  The  comparatively  trifling  sum 
they  would  pay  for  taxes,  would  be  no 
equivalent  for  the  loss  of  the  State's  re- 
sources. It  is  infinitely  more  to  the  in- 
terest of  the  State  to  defer  the  exhaustion 
of  its  mines,  till  such  a  result  can  be  ef- 
fected by  its  citizens,  than  it  is  to  make 
enormous  sacrifices  to  reach  that  result 
through  the  aid  of  non-resident  foreign 
capitalists. 

To  develop  the  resources  of  the  State, 
free,  intelligent  laborers  are  more  essen- 
tial than  non-resident  foreign  capitalists. 
The  influence  of  foreign  capital  already 
too  potent  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  to  place 
the  control  of  the  mineral  lands  within  its 
reach,  would  make  California  assume 
more  the  character  of  a  foreign  colony 
than  that  of  an  independent  member  of 
the  States  composing  the  Great  American 
Bepublic. 

We  trust  our  friends  among  the  miners 
will  think  over  this  question,  and  inform 
us  of  their  opinions  thereon,  that  we  may 
place  them  before  the  people  and  the  Leg- 
islature, in  time  to  prevent  the  infliction 
of  a  ruinous  blow  to  the  mining  interest 

The  West  Side  is  a  handsome  journal 
published  at  McMinnville,  Oregon,  by 
Handley  Snyder  &  Wm.  Boone;  the  latter 
was  once  typo  and  clerk  in  this  office. 


A  New  Cooking  Apparatus. 

We  give  herewith  an  illustration  of  a 
new  cooking  apparatus,  a  recent  invention, 
known  as  "  Paino's  Culinary  Apparatus." 
For  Bummer  use,  it  would  be  difficult  to 
find,  among  all  tho  numerous  inventions 
of  this  kind,  anything  which  is  neater, 
more  convenient,  compact  or  cheaper  than 
this  device. 

Among  tho  advantages  claimed  for  it,  is 
the  fact  that  it  can  be  placed  on  the  kitchen 
table  and  a  meal  of  victuals  cooked  with- 
out any  perceptible  increase  of  heat  in  the 
room,  or  creating  a  smoke,  or  making  a 
litter  of  any  kind.  It  is  also  a  great  econ- 
omizer of  tho  housewife's  time  and  labor, 
as  it  nan  be  instantly  made   ready,  and  the 


PAINE'S  CULINARY  APPARATUS. 

meal  cooked  with  much  less  labor,  and 
convenience,  than  when  a  fire  has  to  be 
made  in  an  ordinary  stove.  The  cost  of 
fuel  is  merely  nominal,  while  it  is  entirely 
free  from  dust  ashes  or  dirt  of  any  kind. 
The  ordinary  variety  of  food  can  be  cooked, 
coffee  made  and  water  heated  at  the  same 
time.  It  appears  to  be  well  worth  the  at- 
tention of  housekeepers. 

Wiester  &  Co.,  No.  17.  New  Montgom- 
ery street,  are  the  agents  for  its  sale. 

An  Improved  Shoe  Fastening. 

Among  the  recent  patents  obtained 
through  the  Scientific  Pkess  Agency  is 
one  which  relates  to  a  device  for  fastening 
shoes,  by  which  the  shoe  can  be  speedily 


and  effectually  secured  upon  or  removed 
from  the  foot  as  desired. 

The  present  style  of  shoes  worn  by  la- 
dies are  fastened  on  the  side  with  buttons. 
These  fastenings  may  be  used  upon  them 
with  great  convenience,  doing  away  with 
the  necessity  of  a  button  hook,  and  at  the 
same  time  presenting  a  neat  appearance. 
The  under  flap  of  the  shoe  is  fitted  with 
peculiar  metal  standards  having  holes  in 
them.  At  the  base  of  the  standard  is  a 
flange  and  upon  the  opposite  side  of  tho 
flange  is  a  screw.  The  screw  is  passed 
through  a  hole  in  the  under  flap,  and  also 
through  a  stiffening,  if  desired,  where  a 
nut  is  screwed  upon  it,  securing  the  stan- 
dard firmly  to  the  flap.  Eyelets  are  in- 
serted in  the  overlapping  flap  which  are  of 
the  proper  form  to  allow  the  standards  to 
pass  through  them. 

To  fasten  the  shoe,  a  string  with  a  knot- 
ted end  is  passed  through  the  holes  in 
each  of  the  standards  successively  from 
bottom  to  top.  The  knot  prevents  the 
string  from  passing  through.  By  using  a 
string  of  moderate  length  there  is  no  ne- 
cessity of  unlacing,  merely  loosen  the 
string,  draw  it  downward,  and  the  shoe  can 
be  removed.  The  device  is  neat  and  sim- 
ple, as  may  be  seen  from  our  cut.  Aaron 
Lawson,  of  Petaluma,  Sonoma  Co.,  is  the 
patentee. 

Wiester  &  Co.,  No.  17  New  Montgom- 
ery street,  are  the  agents. 


Trade  Marks. 

The  right  of  a  tradesman  to  the  exclusive 
use  of  his  trade  marks,  whether  it  consists  of 
words,  letters,  figures  or  other  symbols,  has 
always  bet  D  recognized  by  our  laws,  and  to  im- 
itate a  trade  mark,  either  precisely  or  so  near 
as  to  lead  tho  publio  to  mistake  the  imitation 
for  the  real,  is  an  actionable  offence,  as  it  not 
only  damages  the  rightful  owner,  but  perpe- 
trates a  fraud  upon  the  community.  The  gen- 
eral government  has  recently  specially  provided 
for  granting  It  tt>  rs  patent  for  trademarks,  so  as 
to  more  surely  protect  the  rightful  proprietors, 
although  the  right  to  use  a  special  mark  to  rep- 
ress nt  a  particular  class  of  merchandise  is  as 
truly  and  lawfully  the  exclusivo  property  of 
the  original  user  without  a  patent  as  with  it.  By 
patenting  his  trade  mark  the  proprietor  makes  a 
record  of  its  existence,  which  the  public  are 
bound  to  recognize,  and  the  patent,  is  an  evi- 
dence of  its  originality  and]  proprietorship, 
which  would  otherwise  be  a  matter  of  doubt 
and  would  have  to  be  proven. 

The  slight  expense  of  obtaining  a  trade  mark 
patent,  should  not  detain  a  tradesman  from 
securing  a  government  license  and  a  lawful 
register  of  his  marks  or  designs.  Every  indi- 
vidual should  depend  upon  his  own  exertions 
to  introduce  his  own  manufacture,  and  when 
his  goods  have  become  known  to  the  public,  his 
trade  mark  will  be  a  guide  to  the  buyer  and  a 
protection  to  the  manufacturer.  We  are  led  to 
make  these  remarks  from  the  fact  that  the  imi- 
tation of  trade  inarks  in  our  community  are 
becoming  very  frequent  of  late;  for  instance,  if 
we  inquire  for  Hucks  and  Lambert's  axle  grease, 
a  very  useful  and  serviceable  compound,  in 
many  places  an  axle  grease  put  up  in  cases  and 
bearing  marks  similar  to  the  H.  &,  L.  grease,  is 
thrust  upon  us  as  the  original  article.  In  the 
matter  of  soaps,  and  in  ahnost  every  other  de- 
partment of  trade  we  find  these  imitations,  as  a 
general  rule.  The  greater  the  reputation  of  any 
article  the  more  numerous  the  imitations,  and 
the  nearer  the  resemblance  of  the  trade  marks 
used  to  that  on  the  original  article. 


Mining  Accidents. 

A  cave  oceured  in  the  English  Co.'s 
claims  at  You  Bet  last  Saturday  by  which 
three  men  were  injured,  some  of  them  se- 
riously. 

A  man  by  the  name  of  Tucker  was  se- 
riously injured  a  few  days  since  at  the  Stet- 
efeldt  Mill  at  Belmont,  by  inhaling  the 
flames  and  fumes  from  the  furnace,  the 
damper  of  which  was  out  of  order  and 
which  he  was  arranging.  He  is  in  a  criti- 
cal condition. 

John  Hustis,  of  Blue  Tent,  had  his  leg 
broken  last  week,  by  a  mass  of  pipe  clay 
which  rolled  down  £  front  the  bank  and 
caught  him. 

The  National  Gazette  says  that  B.  Trotter 
of  the  Soggs  mine  met  with  a  painful  acci- 
dent on  the  29th  ult.  A  number  of  giant 
powder  caps  were  condemned  as  non-ex- 
plosive and  were  lying  in  a  tin  box  on  a 
piece  of  iron;  Mr.  Trotter  struck  one  of 
the  caps,  which  was  lying  on  the  iron,  out- 
side of  the  box,  with  a  piece  of  iron  which 
he  had  in  his  hand,  when  the  whole  ex 
ploded,  blowing  the  tin  box  to  pieces  and 
burying  a  dozen  or  more  pieces  in  his  face, 
arms  and  body. 


The  Besoubces  of  Cadifobnia. — The 
first  number  of  the  second  volume  of  this 
valuable  publication  has  been  laid  upon 
our  table,  and  is  replete  with  carefully 
compiled  facts  relating  to  the  various  in- 
dustries and  resources  of  the  State.  It 
furnishes  a  large  amount  of  matter  of 
especial  value  for  parties  in  other  countries 
desiring  to  change  their  residence  to  this 
State.  As  an  emigrant  aid  document,  it 
possesses  especial  value,  and  all  who  re- 
ceive it  will  do  well,  after'  carefully  read- 
ing it  themselves,  to  send  it  to  some  friend 
in  the  Eastern  or  Western  States,  or  to 
England.  The  paper  is  published  by  Jno. 
H.  P.  Wentworth  &  Co.,  at  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  in  this  city. 


Hygienic  and  Phrenological  Journal. — We 
have  received  a  number  of  this  new  monthly 
which  is  edited  and  published  by  Dr.  Barlow 
J.  Smith.  It  treats  of  very  important  subjects, 
and  presents  a  neat  typographical  appearance. 


90 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  10,  1872. 


lOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Various  Ways  of  Cooking  Potatoes. 

BorLiNG  Potatoes. — To  boil  a  potato 
well  requires  more  attention  than  is  usu- 
ally given.  They  should  be  well  washed 
and  left  standing  in  eold  water  an  hour  or 
two,  to  remove  the  black  liquor  with  which 
they  are  impregnated,  and  a  brackish  taste 
they  would  otherwise  have.  They  should 
not  be  pared  before  boiling,  they  lose  much 
of  the  starch  by  so  doing  and  are  made  in- 
sipid. Put  them  into  a  kettle  of  clear  cold 
water,  with  a  little  salt,  cover  closely  and 
boil  rapidly,  using  no  more  water  than 
will  just  cover  them,  as  they  produce  a 
considerable  quantity  of  fluid  themselves 
while  boiling  and  too  much  water  will 
make  them  heavy.  As  soon  as  just  done 
instantly  pour  off  the  water,  set  them  back 
of  the  range,  and  leave  the  cover  off  the 
saucepan  till  the  steam  has  evaporated. 
They  will  then,  if  a  goodjrind,  be  dry  and 
mealy.  This  is  an  Irish  receipt  and  a  good 
one. 

To  Boil  New  Potatoes. — When  fresh 
dug,  take  small.potatoes  not  quite  ripe, 
wash  clean,  rub  the  skin  off  with  the  hand 
— never  use  a  knife  —and  put  them  in  boil- 
ing water  with  a  little  salt,  boil  quickly; 
when  done,  drain  dry  and  lay  into  a  dish, 
spreading  a  little  butter  over  them,  or  boil 
some  new  milk ,  put  in  a  great  spoonful  of 
butter,  and  thicken  with  a  little  flour  wet 
smooth  with  milk.  When  the  potatoes  are 
cooked  and  laid  in  the  dish  pour  this  dip 
over  them.    This  is  very  nice. 

Mashed  Potatoes. — Boil  with  skins  on ; 
when  done,  peel  quickly,  and  put,  as  you 
peel,  into  a  saucepan  over  the  stove,  but 
not  hot  enough  to  burn;  mash  free  from 
lumps  to  a  smooth  paste;  have  ready,  be- 
fore peeling  the  potatoes,  a  piece  of  butter 
half  the  size  of  an  egg,  melted,  and  half  a 
cup  of  sweet  milk  with  pepper  and  salt  to 
taste;  when  the  potatoes  are  mashed 
smooth,  pour  in  the  milk  and  butter;  and 
work  it  in  quick  and  smooth,  then  dish ; 
dress  the  top  with  a  knife  so  as  to  be  round 
and  smooth,  rub  on  a  little  beaten  egg  and 
brown  in  the  oven  very  delicately.  Serve 
with  fowls  or  roast  meat. 

Potato  Croquets. — Boil  potatoes  with 
just  enough  water  to  cover;  when  three 
parts  done  pour  off  the  water  and  let  them 
steam  to  finish  cooking;  then  press  them 
through  a  wire  sieve;  this  done,  put  them 
into  a  stewpan,  adding  one  ounce  of  butter 
to  one  quart  of  potatoes,  and  the  well 
beaten  yolks  of  two  eggs;  mix  together 
thoroughly;  then  flour  the  pasteboard,  di- 
vide the  potatoe  paste  into  square  parts 
and  roll  them  on  the  board  to  any  shape — 
balls,  pears,  corks,  or  what  you  choose — 
dip  them  in  egg  and  bread  crumbs,  and  fry 
iu  hot  fat  to  a  light  brown. 

Potato  Salad. — Cut  ten  or  twelve  cold 
boiled  potatoes  into  slices  from  a  quarter 
to  half  an  inch  thick;  put  into  a  salad  bowl 
with,  four  tablespoonfuls  of  tarragon  or 
plain  vinegar,  six  tablespoonfuls  of  best 
salad  oil,  one  teaspoonful  of  minced 
parsley,  and  pepper  and  salt  to  taste;  stir 
well  that  all  be  thoroughly  mixed.  It 
should  be  made  two  or  three  hours  before 
needed  on  the  table.  Anchovies,  olives, 
or  any  pickles  may  be  added  to  this  salad, 
as  also  slices  of  cold  beef,  chicken  or  tur- 
key if  desired. 

Potato  Sotjp. — Boil  and  mash  potatoes, 
about  three  pints  when  mashed,  to  three 
quarts  of  rich  beef  stock,  ready  boiling, 
add  pepper  and  salt  to  the  taste,  stir  grad- 
ually into  the  boiling  stock,  then  pass  all 
through  a  sieve  and  return  to  the  soup  ket- 
tle; simmer  five  minutes,  and  serve  with 
fried  bread,  or  one  head  of  celery,  two 
spoonfuls  of  rice  may  be  put  to  the  stock, 
well  boiled  and  the  potatoes  added,  when 
all  are  done,  then  pass  through  the  sieve, 
return  to  the  soup  kettle,  simmer  five  min- 
utes and  serve. 


Cleanliness. — A  neat,  clean,  fresh-aired, 
sweet,  cheerful,  well  arranged  house  ex- 
erts a  moral  influence  over  its  inmates,  and 
makes  the  members  of  a  family  peaceable 
and  considerate  of  each  other's  feelings  and 
happiness.  The  connection  is  obvious  be- 
tween the  state  of  mind  thus  produced  and 
respect  for  others,  and  for  those  higher 
duties  and  obligations  which  no  laws  can 
enforce. 

On  the  contrary,  a  filthy,  squalid,  nox- 
ious dwelling,  in  which  none  of  the  decen- 
cies of  life  are  observed,  contributes  to 
make  its  inhabitants  selfish,  sensual,  and 
regardless  of  the  feelings  of  others;  and 
the  constant  indulgence  of  such  passions 
renders  them  reckless  and  brutal. 


The  Economy  of  a  Damper. 

A  damper  in  a  stove  is  of  great  import- 
ance in  a  house — both  as  a  matter  of  econ- 
omy, and  comfort  also.  It  makes  the  hot 
air  remain  in  the  stove,  and  does  not  take 
in  the  outside  heated  air,  which  is  done 
through  the  crevices  and  proper  draft.  If 
the  damper  is  shut,  you  instantly  feel  the 
heat,  on  your  face,  showing  that  it  is  thus 
kept  in  the  room.  The  circulation  is  thus 
kept  stopped  in  the  room,  and  a  soft,  pleas- 
ant atmosphere  is  the  result. 

The  main  item  is,  however,  the  economy 
in  fuel.  Not  more  than  half  the  quantity 
of  wood  is  used,  and  yet  an  equal  amount 
of  heat  is  generated.  This  is  of  some  conse- 
quence to  the  purchaser,  or  to  the  boy  or 
man  who  has  it  to  chop;  and  of  course,  has 
an  extra  amount  to  furnish,  when  it  goes 
roaring  up  the  chimney.  Then  to  the 
housekeeper,  the  fact  that  she  gains 
more  ashes  by  the  use  of  a  damper,  is  an 
inducement  to  use  one,  as  they  are  not  lost 
in  the  air. 

Dry  hard  wood  is  positively  necessary, 
wher'o  a  damper  is  used.  Maple  will  make 
a  nice  bed  of  coals.  Birch  comes  next, 
though  the  flame  is  not  so  hot  and  bright 
as  the  former.  The  beech  blazes  well,  but 
is  too  much  like  soft  wood.  When  the  blaze 
is  gone  there  is  not  much  left  of  it.  With 
a  damper  you  can  use  soft  maple.  It  is 
often  the  case  that  when  there  is  not  a 
damper,  the  fire  is  continually  "  going 
down,"  the  heat  is  unequal,  and  the  tem- 
perature of  the  room  is  being  continually 
rendered  cool— first  dry,  then  damp,  mak- 
ing it  disagreeable  and  dangerous.  This 
matter  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  the 
housekeeper,  and  should  be  attended  to. — 
Western  Rural. 


Mechanical  Hints. 


A  Toothless  Saw. — A  smooth,  tooth- 
less, circular  saw,  making  3,000  revolu- 
tions per  minute,  for  sawing  large  beams, 
guides  and  shafts  of  iron  in  a  cold  state, 
is  in  operation  by  the  Phcenix  Iron  Com- 
pany of  Pennsylvania. 

Propulsion.  A  wheel  has  been  intro- 
duced for  the  propulsion  of  boats  in  shoal 
water,  which  is  provided  with  arms  having 
spurs  which  revolve  upon  the  bottom  of 
the  canal  or  river.  The  plan  was  thor- 
oughly tried  on  the  head-watars  of  the  Al- 
leghany river,  some  years  ago,  but  proved 
an  entire  failure. 

The  turn-table  of  the  new  Bock  Island 
bridge  weighs  one  hundred  and  fifty  tons. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  the  most  massive 
piece  of  machinery  of  its  kind  in  the 
world.  It  is  certain  that  nothing  in  the 
line  in  this  country  approaches  it.  The 
principal  circles,  composed  of  six  seg- 
ments, weighing  six  tons  each,  and  the 
base  circle,  are  in  their  places. 

Useful  Cement. — The  following  cement 
is  found  to  be  excellent  for  use  in  cases 
where  it  is  desirable  to  join  or  close  ves- 
sels for  containing  the  vapor  of  acids,  or 
highly  corrosive  substances:  Beat  and 
sift  finely  dry  pipe  clay;  add  painters' 
drying  oil,  and  mix,  in  a  mortar,  to  a 
moulding  consistency.  Use  this  iute  in 
cylinders,  flattened,  and  applied  to  the 
joinings.  The  points  to  which  applied 
must  be  perfectly  clean  and  dry. 

Joining  Eubber.  —  Bubber  is  easily 
joined  and  made  as  strong  as  an  original 
fabric,  by  softening  before  a  fire  and  lay- 
ing the  edges  carefully  together,  without 
dust,  dirt  or  moisture  between.  The  edges 
so  joined  must  be  freshly  cut  in -the  be- 
ginning. Tubing  can  be  united  by  join- 
ing the  edges  around  a  glass  cylinder, 
which  has  previously  been  rolled  with  pa- 
per. After  the  glass  is  withdrawn  the 
paper  is  easily  abstracted.  Sift  flour  or 
ashes  through  the  tube  to  prevent  the 
sides  from  adhering  from  accidental  con- 
tact. 

New  Power. — A  Philadelphia  mechanic 
claims  to  have  invented  a  hydro-pneumatic 
engine  which  by  means  of  one  pound  of  wa- 
ter will  produce  one  thousand  pounds  of 
power.  The  agents  employed  are  air 
and  water,  by  a  new  method  of  applica- 
tion. If  this  power  is  one-third  of  what 
is  claimed  for  it,  steam,  turbines,  etc., 
have  seen  their  last  days.  We  await  fur- 
ther developments  with  impatience. 

The  Sand  Blast. — The  process  of  cut- 
ting glass  and  stone  by  the  sand  blast, 
which  we  have  already  fully  described, 
has  been  the  subject  of  further  experiment, 
which  justified  the  belief  that  it  will 
eventually  come  into  general  use,  cheap- 
ening many  processes  which  now  require 
skill  labor  at  high  cost.  It  is  believed  to 
be  available  for  many  purposes  besides 
that  of  ornamentation.  I 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

importers  of  and  dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  Block  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

— AND  — 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  "been  engaged  in  tarnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances— L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp, 

Chemical  Balances— Be clier  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifl- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  01110115168,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware -  a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  aud  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  LithaTge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
fi^~  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  diOVnmt  degrees  of  fineness,  aud  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  seut  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 

Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  SI  a  nil  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
maud  for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows  . 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  aregular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  Betters 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


GOLD-SAVING- 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOR    MINERS    AND    MILL    MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Plating-  Works,  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 

Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  G.  DENNISTON,  Proprietor. 
2iv22-3m 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGAN'S  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30),  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HALLIDIE,  519  Front  street,  S.  F. 


THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOVE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

"WILLIAM   FRIEL,    Manufacturer, 

No.  09  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.    Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.    County  Eights  for  sale. 

10v23-6m 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


"We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Morysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysvillT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  ub. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  eiery- 
thing  required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  ou  thiB  coast. 
5v2±-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   314    OALIFOBMl    STREET, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 

MEVIIVG, 

-A.ua    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  ineveiy 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Ool«i    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for  the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  out 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

If»v20-3m JOHN  F.  LOHSE.  Secretary. 

DUPONT'S  JaUNPOWDER. 

Constantly  on  hand  full  supplies  of 

Dupont's  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre),  F  FF 
FFF. 

Dupont's  Superior  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  cor- 
rugated Iron  Kegs,  F  FF  FFF. 

Dupont's  Unrivalled  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  No.l,  2, 
3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

Dupont's  Unrivalled  Brand,  Eagle  Duck,  in  canisters 
1  lb.  and  H  lb;  and  Eagle  Rifle,  half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs, 

Dupont's  Celebrated  Brands,  Fg  FFg  FFFg,  Rifle,  in 
canisters  ii  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  1  lb. 

Dupont's  Celebrated  Brands,  Dg  Rifle,  for  sea  Bhoot- 
ing,  in  kegs,  half  kegs  aud  qr.  kegs. 

Dupont's  Superior  Brands,  A,  F  &  C,  F,  FF,  FFF,  in 
canisters  %  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  1  lb.,  and  in  kegs,  half  kegs 
and  qr.  kegs.  Dupont's  Superior  Brand,  California 
Rifle,  in  1  lb.  canister  and  5  lb.  cans. 

Dupont's  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

Eagle  Safety  Fuse  {manufactured  near  Santa  Cruz, 
Cal.,  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on  hand  full  sup- 
plies of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water-proof  aid  Sub- 
marine, Triple  Taped  Double  Taped,  Single  Taped  and 
Hemp  Fubo.  Fuse  made  especially  to  explode  the 
Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world.  Winchester  Repeating  (Henry's 
Improved)  Arms  and  Fixed  Ammunition.  A  large  and 
complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms  constautly  on 
hand,  to  wit:  Repeating,  Sporting,  Rifled — Oiled  Stock. 
Ditto — Gold  and  Silver  Nickle,  plated  and  beautifully 
engraved.  Repeating  Carbines,  plain  oiled  locks.  AIbo, 
Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  and  Engraved.  Repeat- 
ing Muskets,  oiled  stock.  Cartridges  (Brand  H),  man- 
ufactured expressly  for  their  arms  by  the  W.  R.  A.  Co. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN   SKINXER, 
5v24-6m-lamr    108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


H-    JT.    BOOTH    &c    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  aud  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor.    First    and.    Mission    Sts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
■  made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part—made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  sot  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  Biza. 

Irrigating1   Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 

Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied, 

H.J.  BOOTH.  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT.  HtVINGM.  SCOTT 

4v24-lyslamr 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

UOILEK,     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  st,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  Francisco. 


February  10,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


91 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BROWNE, 

Offlco,  BfO.  45  Moutgoiuory  XMocU, 

Han  Fbascijsco,  CAL. 

H.    C.    BENNETT, 
S  T  A  T  I  *-  "l"  I  t '  1  A    >  . 

Re|>orta  and  eatimatea  made  about  all  department*  of 
PrMiluaiuu,  Commerce,  and  Manufacture,  of  the  Facilk 
C'uaaU  5vJ*-if 


Spectacles  My  Specialty. 


C.  M0LLEB,  Optician, 
205  Montgomery  Itnet,  Rums  Block. 

JOHN   EOAOH,  Optician, 

Hai  removed  from   623  Montgomery  street  to 

5l(i   Wuahlinj ton  street. 

East  of  Montgomery. 

Surveying  InitruQicuti)  raajle.  repaired  anil  fcdiunted 

22vl73m 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

SURGEON. 
No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal, 


Farmers  and  Mechanics 
bank;  of  savings, 

No.  ~-".  HuDiome  Street. 

'Merest  paid  on  Deposit!.    Money  Loaned  on  Real  Estale. 
U.   DUTTOX,  President. 

GEO.   M.  CONDEE    Cashier.  19vl6-3m 


N.    P.    UNGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood   Turner,  and 

SCROLL     SAWYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Fha>;ci8co. 

And  No.  9  Q  St.,  bet.  First  and  Second, 
21v'j:i-tf  Sacramknto. 


B.lKTLlMi. 


UXMUT   KIMBALL. 

BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

aoti  l  lny  afreet. (southwest  cor.  Sansome), 
15vl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SA.1V    FRANCI8CO 

CORDAS E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

26  611  and  G13  Front  street. 


JOSEPH    GILLOTT'S 

STEEL     FEISTS. 
Sold  by  al  I  Dealers  throughout  the  World. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL      E  N  <3t  -R  A.  "V  E  H. , 
AND  I.ETTEK  CXTTTEK, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  6O8  Sacramento  street. 
Ban  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

This  Favorite  House  Is  located  on  JackBon  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery;  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.  The  International  Coach  will 
be  at  each  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In- 
ternational Hotel,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Hotel 
fhee,  and  to  any  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates. 
F.  E.  WEYGANT  &  H.  C.  PARTRIDGE, 

24v22-3m  Proprietors. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    341     KEARMT    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meebschaums  Mounted  with  Silveb.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

.GRAND,  [SQUARE  AND  TJPBIGHT. 

Pianos   to   Let.  feSIjaS 


A.HHEYMAIST, 

II  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


A.  J.  SMITH, 
PLUMBER, 

— AND— 

Manufacturer  of  Pumps  and  Water  Closets. 

No.  220  Fremont  street,  opposite  Fulton  and  JStna 

^1*011  Works,  San  Francisco,  Oal, 

18v23-8m 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


STOUT,    MILLS    &    TEMPLE, 

PBOPBJETOIUI  OF  THE 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

DAYTON,   OHIO. 

Hydraulic 

ENGINEERS, 

Patentees 

ANT) 

Manufacturers 

Per    cont.    of    fowwr    tmurunteod 
OF  ITHE  equal  to  any  Gvuruhot  Wheel. 

American   Turbine  Water  Wheel, 

MILL  GEARING  AND  SHAFTING 
Of  all  Descriptions,  and  Gencrul  Mill  FtirnlishLog. 

Water  Powers  Estimated  and  Plans  Furnished. 

A.  L.  STOUT,  W.  M.  MILLS,  J.  TEMPLE. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circular.  22v23-3m-sa 


OVER    300    IN    USE. 
BEST    IN    THE    MARKET. 

Engines,    Pumps,   Etc.,   Manufactured,  and 
on  Sand. 

SaT"  For  pamphlets  and  testimonials  address 

ROOT  STEAM  ENGINE  CO., 
Twenty-eighth  Street,  comer  Second  Avenue, 
20v22-eow-26t  New  Yobk. 


Phoenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES    &   CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bmdges,  Viajdtjcxs,  Roofs,  Etc. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli 
cation  to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila 
delphia.  ap8-ly 


8ELF-OILERS. 


WATERS' 

SELF-OILERS. 

PATENTED  October  21, 1862; 
July  6,  1867;  July  23  and  Sept. 
22,  1868,  and  Juno  20,  1869, 

Glass  roBervoir,  with  white 
metal  coupling  cast  on. 

Substantial  brass  stem,  with 
graduating  plug— V  slot  on 
one  side,  »&  shown  in  magni- 
fied cut-— in  the  top. 

The  best  and  cheapest 
OILER  in  the  market;  perfect 
lubrication  on  loose  pulleys  and  all  kinds  of  bearings. 
Any  kind  of  Oil  in  any  kind  of  weather.  Price,  $4.60 
per  dozen    Liberal  discount  to  agents  and  to  the  trade. 

WATERS    &    CO., 
no!8-3m      164  Elm  st,  near  Fourth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 
my.t       mg.  2         Fig.  3         Flg.g 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill- Burrs,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds,  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


Situation  as  Chemist  "Wanted. 

The  undersigned,  having  completed  the  working 
course  of  Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College,  Easton,  Pa,, 
including  Dry  AsBay  of  Ores  and  Blowpipo  Analysis, 
desireB  a  situation  requiring  a 

Practical  Knowledge  of  Chemistry. 
By  permission  refers  to  Dr  Traill  Green,  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College. 

B.  CHAMBERS,  Jr., 
20v23-3m  Chambersburg,Pa. 


FLORAL     GUIDE     FOR    1872. 

Over  One  Hundred  Pages, 

Printed  iu  Two  Colous,  on  superb  Tinted  Paper.  Focn 
Hundhkij  Exoiia  vivos  of  Flowers,  Pluuts  and  Vegeta- 
bles., With  Descri|itionB,  and 

TWO    COLORED    PLATES. 

Directions  and  plana  for  making  Walks,  Lawns,  Gar- 
Ueiin,  .  te.  Tho  handsomest  and  beat  EI.UKAL  Ol'IDE 
in  the  World  All  for  Ten  Cents,  to  those  who  think 
of  buying  Seeds.  Not  a  quarter  the  cost.  .100,000  sold 
of  1871.    Address  JAMES  V1CK, 

SttvW  Rochester,  N.Y. 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Halt  Khcuni,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  ih  prepared  from  tho  Genuine  Cundu- 
raogo  Bark,  from  Loju,  Ecuador,  Secured  by  tlie  assist 
unce  of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  1h  the  moB- 
effectivo,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
tier  known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  batt&efi,  huv 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  murk  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  GO  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v23-3ni 


FirBt  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 
MICROSCOPES. 

niustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and   illustrated,    sent    free, 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York 

3v23-ly 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY- 

Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  1862 
aWHrded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  8an  Francisco. 
REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  CommodiouBWorkB 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  tho  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  6v24-3amelamrly 


Mechanics'  Institute. 

Entrance  27  Post  Street  (bet.  Kearny  and"  Montgomery) , 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 

The  Library  of  Reference,  the  Library,  Reading  Room 
and  Chess  Roomare  open  from  8  a.m.  until  10  p.m.  every 
day,  {except  Sundays  and  Legal  Holidays). 

The  Society  possesses  a  Library  of  18,000  volumes- 
the  most  valuable  technical  and  scientific  library  on  the 
Coast,  embracing  the  transactions  of  the  leading  Scien- 
tific Societies  of  the  United  States  and  Europe,  (among 
which  are  the  philosophical  transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Great  Britain,  complete),  and  the  standard, 
scientific  and  technical  works;  and  is  in  immediate  re- 
ceipt of  all  new  standards  publications. 

The  Reading  Room  is  BuppUed  with  the  current  peri- 
odicals and  newspapers  of  the  day.. 

The  Mechanics'  Institute.  1b  open  to  all,  and  th- 
Trustees  will  be  pleased  to  have  visitors  and  others  ine 
spect  the  Rooms. 

Entrance  Fee,  $1.00.  Quarterly  Dues  (in  advance) 
$1.50.    Life  Membership,  $50. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

—FOB— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

26v23-tf 


H.    M.    BALCH, 

432  Kearny  St.,  S.  E.  corner  of  California  st.  (up  stairs/ 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Repairs  and  Tunes 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

MUSICAL     INSTRUMENTS, 

Either  Brass,  Reed  or  String. 

Special  attention  given  to  PIANOS, 
ORGAN.-,  or  MELODEONS. 

Mr.  B  is  a  practical  workman  of  twenty- 
five  years  experience,  and  employs  none 
but  experienced  workmen. 

ORDERS  from  the  country  attended  promptly. 
8v23-3msa 


WI.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPftlNG-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAJR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


GILES  H.  0BA.Y.  JAMBS  .11  .   BAVBH. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEY'S  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

la  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.,  N.  E.  corner  Cali- 
fornia and  LeldeBdorffstreetB, 
SAN  FBANOICO. 


New    Gas    Light. 


WIESTER  Ji  CO.,  17  New  Montgomery  street, 
no25-sa  (Grand  Hotel),  San  Francisco. 

Important    to    Miners. 


FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 
For  particulars  address 
WATERS  &  CO.,  Assayors,  Agents, 

NO.  51  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24-3m 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

109  California  Btreet,  San  Fbancisco. 

Patent  Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  H060,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 


12v!3-3m 


J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Aeent. 


H.   N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting   and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3T24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


THE  BEST  PERIODICALS  OF  THE  DAY. 
THE    GREAT 

ENGLISH    QUARTERLIES 

AND 

Blackwood's  Edinburgh  Magazine. 

BEPBINTED  BY 

The    Leonard    Scott   Publishing  Company, 

140  Pulton  Street,  New  York, 
At   about   one-third   tlie  price  of   the  originals. 

THE  EDINBURGH  REVIEW. 

THE  WESTMINSTER  REVIEW, 

THE  LONDON  QUARTERLY  REVIEW, 

THE  BRITISH  QUARTERLY  REVIEW. 
Published  Quarterly— January,  April,  July,  October-— 

AND 

Blackwood's    Edinburgh    Magazine, 

{A  fac-Bimile  of  the  original) .    Published  Monthly. 

TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION: 

For  any  one  Review $4  00  per  annum. 

For  any  two  Reviews 7  00  " 

For  any  three  Reviews 10  00  " 

For  any  faur  Reviews 12  00  " 

For  Blackwood's  Magazine 4  00  " 

For  Blackwood  and  one  Review 7  00  " 

For  Blackwood  and  two  Reviews 10  CO  " 

For  Blackwood  and  three  Reviews 13  00  " 

For  Blackweod  and  the  four  Reviews.. 15  00  " 

Postage,  two  cents  a  number,  to  be  prepaid  by  the 
quarter  at  the  office  of  delivery. 

CLUBS. 

A  discount  of  20  per  cent,  will  be  allowed  to  clubs  of 
four  or  more  persons.  Thus:  four  coi  ies  of  Blackwood 
or  of  one  Review  will  be  sent  to  one  address  for  $12.80; 
four  copieB  of  the  four  Reviews  and  Blackwood  for  $48, 
and  so  on. 

To  clubs  of  ten  or  m"re,  in  addition  to  the  above  dis- 
count, a  copy  gratis  will  be  allowed  to  the  getter-up  of 
the  club, 

PREMIUMS. 

New  subscribers  for  the  year  1872  may  have,  without 
charge,  the  number  for  the  last  quarter  of  1871  of  such 
periodicals  as  they  may  subscribe  for. 

Or  instead  of  the  above,  new  subscribers  to  any  two, 
three,  or  four  of  the  above  periodicals,  may  have,  ns 
premium,  one  of  the  *  Four  Reviews'  for  1871;  subscrib- 
ers to  all  five  may  have  two  of  the  *  Four  Reviews'  for 
1871.  Neither  premiums  to  subscribers  nor  discount  to 
clubB  can  be  allowed  unless  the  money  iB  remitted  di- 
rect to  the  publishers.  No  premiums  can  be  given  to 
clubs. 

To  secure  premiums,  it  will  be  necessary  to  make 
early  application,  as  the  stock  available  for  that  purpose 
is  limited. 

Circulars  with  further  particulars  may  be  had  on  ap- 
plication. 

THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO., 

140  Fulton  street,  New  York. 
THE  LEONARD  SCOTT  PUBLISHING  CO.  also  publish 
THE    FARMER'S    GUfDE 
To  Scientific  and  Practical  Agriculture, 

By  Henut  Stephens,  F.  R.  S.,  Edinburgh,  and  the  late 
J.  P.  Norton,  Professor  of  Scientific  Agriculture  in 
Yale  College.  New  Haven. 

Two  vols.  Royal  Octavo.  1600  pages  and  numerous 
engravings.    Price,  $7;  by  mail,  post  paid,  $8.      3v24sa 


92 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  10, 1872. 


The  Geological  Survey. 

The  following  just  remarks  occur  in  a 
pamphlet  treating  of  the  reclamation  of 
Marsh  and  Swamp  lands,  and  proposed 
canals  for  navigation  and  irrigation  in  Cal- 
ifornia by  J.  Ross  Browne  : 

Nothing  could  show  more  conclusively 
the  practical  value  of  the  State  Geological 
Survey  than  the  maps  prepared  from  orig- 
inal surveys  made  during  the  past  nine 
years,  under  the  direotion  of  Prof.  Whit- 
ney, the  State  Geologist.  The  work  has 
been  done  with  great  skill  and  care,  and 
will  compare  favorably  with  the  best  work 
of  a  similar  kind  done  in  Europe.  Already 
the  sectional  maps  published  have  become 
essential  to  a  knowledge  of  our  mountain 
'  and  river  systems.  Without  the  labors  of 
the  survey  we  would  have  no  data  upon 
which  to  base  any  reliable  calculation  as 
to  the  extent  of  our  mineral  belts  or  the 
area  of  our  -water-catchment.  A  detailed 
and  aocurate  map  of  California,  such  as 
that  in  course  of  preparation  and  nearly 
completed  by  the  Geological  Survey,  is 
not  less  important  to  the  understanding 
and  development  of  our  material  resources 
than  the  elaborate  coast  survey  are  to  the 
purposes  of  commerce  and  navigation. 
No  intelligent  person  gifted  with  common 
sense,  will  deny  that  the  survey  of 
our  coasts,  bays  and  harbors,  under  re- 
sponsible supervision,  is  indispensable  to 
enlarged  commercial  intercourse.  No  civ- 
ilized nation  at  the  present  day  is  without 
it.  Millions  of  money  have  been  devoted 
to  this  great  work  by  the  government  of 
the  United  States,  and  no  expenditure  of 
public  money  has  proved  more  beneficial 
to  the  commerce  of  the  country. 

The  charts  of  the  coast  survey  bear  to 
commerce  and  navigation  the  same  rela- 
tion that,  the  surveys  and  maps  of  the  geo- 
logical surveys  bear  to  mining  and  works 
of  internal  improvement.  It  would  be  as 
hazardous  to  undertake .  the  construction 
of  any  extensive  system  of  ditches  or 
canals  without  an  accurate  map  showing 
the  area  of  water-oatchment,  the  elevation 
and  inclination  of  the  mountain  ranges, 
with  their  ridges  and  spurs,  as  to  attempt 
the  navigation  of  our  inlets,  bays  or  har- 
bors, without  the  measurements  and 
soundings  of  the  coast  survey.  If  Pro- 
fessor Whitney  had  accomplished  nothing 
more  than  the  accurate  delineation  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  and  Coast  Range  systems, 
surveyed  and  defined  our  mineral  belts, 
furnished  to  the  world  the  maps  already 
published,  and  nearly  completed  the  great 
central  map,  extending  from  Owen's  Lake 
to  Lassen's  Peak,  he  would  merit  the 
gratitude  of  every  citizen,  and  the  unani- 
mous approval  of  the  Legislature.  The 
work  is  thoroughly  and  conscientiously 
done.  It  would  be  alike  discreditable  to 
the  State  and  injurious  to  every  public 
enterprise  now  projected  to  leave  it  unfin- 
ished. A  liberal  appropriation  should  be 
made  to  enable  the  State  geologist  to  com- 
plete his  work  in  a  thorough  and  satisfac- 
tory manner.  It  will  prove  the  best  in- 
vestment of  public  money  ever  made  by 
the  State  of  California. 

The  following  important  resolution  was 
recently  been  adopted  by  the  San  Francisco 
Chamber  of  Commerce : 

Resolved,  That  the  State  Geological  Sur- 
vey, under  the  direction  of  Professor 
Whitney  is  accomplishing  a  great  and  ben- 
eficial work  in  the  survey  and  delinea- 
tion of  our  mountain  and  river  systems,  in 
the  investigations  of  our  mineral  resources 
and  the  elucidation  of  the  Natural  History 
of  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  that  we  earnestly 
recommend  the  continuance  of  this  survey, 
and  its  liberal  support  by  the  Legislature. 

The  opinions  that  we  have  advanced  con- 
cerning the  practical  utility  of  the  Geolog- 
ical Survey,  are,  we  are  pleased  to  see,  also 
adopted  by  men  of  business  who  are  accus- 
tomed to  look  at  things  from  a  business 
point  of  view.  The  members  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  have  been  called 
upon  to  test  the  value  of  the  topograph- 
ical work  of  the  survey,  in  some  of  their 
reclamation  and  irrigation  enterprises  and 
are  able  to  appreciate  the  necessity  of 
completing  the  work  in  order  that  a  per- 
fect map  of  the  whole  State  may  be  pre- 
pared. 

This  voluntary  testimony  of  practical 
utility  by  so  influential  a  body  as  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  should  have  great 
weight  with  the  members  of  the  Legisla- 
ture and  call  their  attention  forcibly  to 
the  objects  and  accomplished  work  of  the 
survey.    It    would   certainly  be  a    great 


shame  if  so  neocessary  a  task  as  that  en- 
trusted to  Professor  Whitney,  and  one  so 
important  to  the  State,  should  fail  for 
want  of  an  adequate  appropriation,  espe- 
cially since  so  much  has  already  been  ac- 
complished. 

The  Belcher  Mine. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Belcher  Min- 
ing Company  was  held  on  January  30th. 
The  Secretary's  report  shows  the  follow- 
ing schedule  of  operations  for  the  year: 


Prom  bullion SI,  199,135 

Assessments  Nos.  7  and  8 51,925 

Virginia  and  Truckee  Railroad 1,03G 


Total  receipts Sl,252,096 

Cash  January  31, 1871 621 

Total $1,252,720 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Labor ■ $137,103 

Crashing  18,468  tons  ore 221,621 

Hoisting  18,468  tons  ore 19,203 

Machinery  account 11,000 

Miscellaneous 150,847 

Total  disbursements. $539,775 

Cash,  January  1, 1872 712,946 

Total $1,252,720 

The  ore  yield  of  this  mine  for  the  past 
year  was  ail  due  to  the  last  five  months  of 
the  year.  The  quantities  hoisted  in  each 
month,  together  with  average  and  aggre- 
gate values,  were  as  follows: 

Tons.  Average.  Value. 

August 680  $74.90  $50,936 

September 2,009  80.19  161,103 

October 4,200  74.62  313,641 

November 5,717  00.40  345,419 

December 5,853  55.83  328,036 

Totals 18,468        $64.26    $1,199,135 

The  Assay  Value  of  the  Bullion. 

The  assay  value  of  the  bullion  was  54 
per  cent,  gold  and  46  per  cent,  silver. 
Prom  the  balance  of  $712,945  held  on  the 
1st  January,  the  company  paid  a  dividend 
of  $10  per  share,  aggregating  $104,000. 

The  Dividends  Paid 
tinder  the  old  organization  were  as'fol- 
lows:  June  1,  1865,  $21  per  foot;  July  1, 
$24;  August  2,  $24;  December  31,  $24; 
January  28,  1865,  $51;  Pebuary  25,  $60; 
March  28,  $75;  April  28,  $75;  May  30,  $51— 
making  a  total  of  $405  per  foot,  aggrega- 
ting $421,200  paid  ,by  the  mine  prior  to 
the  dividend  paid  January  10,  1872. 

The  Assessments  Levied 
In  the  meantime  have  been  as  follows: 
December,  1865,  $100  per  foot;  April  10, 
1866,  $60;  July  21,  $45;  October  17,  $33; 
January  1,  1867,  $15;  March  25,  $12;  May 
30,  $15;  September  21.  $15;  December  27, 
$15;  March  13,  1868,  $25;  July  13,  $25; 
October  6,  $25;  December  31,  $25;  March 
15,  1869,  $30;  May  4,  $50;  October  21,  $25; 
— making  a  total  of  $515  per  foot,  or  $535,- 
600,  including  $109,200  levied  since  the 
reorganization  of  the  Company. 

Officers  Elected. 
The  following  Trustees  were  chosen  for 
the  ensuing  year:  J.  D.  Fry  (President) , 
A.  K.  P.  Harmon  (Vice  President) ,  B.  F. 
Sherwood,  B.  F.  Morrow  and  James  H. 
Dobinson.  H.  C.  Kibbe  was  re  elected  Sec- 
retary and  William  H.  Smith  was  reap- 
pointed Superintendent. 

An  illustration  of  a  lamp  appears  a  sec- 
ond time  in  a  portion  of  our  edition  this 
week,  placed  there  by  mistake,  something 
that  does  not  often  occur  with  us. 


Mocking  Bikds  -have  been  turned  loose  at 
Los  Angeles  with  the  hope  that  they  will  mul- 
tiply and  live  permanently  in  the  open  air. 


FOR  25  CENTS  we  will  send,  postpaid,  four 
sample  copies  (recent  numbers)  of  the  Pbess.  This, 
we  believe,  will  induce  many  to  subscribe  who  have  not 
yet  read  our  paper.  It  is  a  cheap  and  valuable  favor  to 
send  a  friend  anywhere. _. 

The  .Explorers'  ,  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Com 
panion.  By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  San  Francisco 
Dewey  &  Co.  This  work,  as  the  author  tells  us,  em 
braces  "  the  whole  field  of  mining,  which,"  he  goes  on 
to  say,  "  is  sufficiently  hazardous  at  the  best,  having  too 
many  blanks  for  a  prize  to  6uBtaiu  unnecessary  errors 
arisiug  from  insufficient  preliminary  examination." 
Besides  that  there  is  much  actual  knowledge  to  be 
gained  from  a  perusal  of  this  volume,  and  in  this  re- 
spect alone  it  will  be  a  valuable  assistant  to  those  en- 
gaged actively  in  mining.  There  is  also  a  considerable 
amount  of  good  common  sense,  which,  by  appealing  to 
those  even  remotely  connected  with  this  fascinating 
subject,  may  cause  them  to  seek  for  such  reforms  in  the 
management  as  may  lead  to  the  classing  of  mining 
among  what  may  bo  termed  legitimate  business,  and  so 
do  away  with  all  worthless  schemes,  which  have  made 
it  in  America  hitherto  little  better  than  another  species 
of  gambling. — 5.  F.  Chronicle,  Dec.  24(7i. 


The  Evangel,  Office,  414  Clay  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco. Terms,  $4  per  year,  in  advance.  The  Evangel 
is  the  organ  of  the  Baptist  Denomination  for  the  Pacific 
States  and  Territories.  All  efforts  on  the  part  of 
brethren  and  friends  to  extend  its  circulation  will  be 
gratefully  appreciated.  $3,  for  one  year's  subscription, 
will  be  received  from  ne  w  subscribers,  strictly  in  ad- 
vance. Address  "  Evangel,  San  Francisco,  Cal." 
Sample  copies  furnished  free.  4v3-lambptf 


By  the  U.  S.  Army  Signal  Service,  for 

the 

week  endinc 

Wednesday,  January  2-1, 1872, 

d 

(H         * 

"Sp 

"ok4> 

o 

-21         1 

,M.°    £ 

Eh 

I  si 

'"I 

Sc 

Si 

as 

State  of 
Weather 

o    Thura . . 

30.02  4. 

JiiN. 

11 

Brisk 

Clear 

f    Friday  . 

29.93  4, 

7(i  S.  E. 

;i- 

g    Saturday 

W.ltf  ;. 

84  S.  W 

V 

Light 

•->    Sunday.. 

00.14  4." 

34  Calm 

**    Monday. 

30.19  Jb 

■i.'  ('aim 

30.18  51 

79  W. 

Fresh 

&    Wed' day 
.    Thurs.... 

30.11  51 

86  S.  E. 

11 

Fresh 

.0 

lit.  Rain 

v    Saturday 

n    Sunday.. 

a    Monday. 

ea    Tuesday. 

m    "Wed'day 

^    Thurs... 

o    Friday... 

^    Saturday 

g    Sunday.. 

B    Monday. 
3    Tuesday. 

P*    "Wed'day 

^    Friday... 

£    Saturday 

-    Sunday.. 

■y„  Monday. 

£?   Tuesday. 

29.81   4 

55  N.W. 

2 

Light 

Fair 

S    "Wed'day 

Thurs... 
.    Friday. . . 
g    Saturday 
a    Sunday.. 

29.97   6 

76  N. 

6 

Fresh 

8-4 

Cloudy 

K    Monday . 

S    Tuesday. 

30.27   8 

78  N. 

a 

Fresh 

a-4 

Cloudy 

Wed'day 

Thurs... 
„,-    Friday... 
g    Saturday 
§    Sunday.. 

29.58  4 

48  W. 

20 

Brisk 

£>  Monday. 

A    Tuesday. 

30.01  « 

76  Calm 

°   Wed'day 

Thurs... 

Friday.  . 

g    Saturday 

29.69  5 

82  S. 

7 

Fresh 

1-4 

Cloudy 

>    Sunday.. 

g    Monday. 

«    Tuesday. 

30.09  10 

77  S.  W. 

4 

Senile 

Fair] 

Wed'day 

Thurs.. . . 

Friday, . . 

a    Saturday 

29.6514 

32S.W. 

4 

Gentle 

3-1 

Cloudy 

^3    Sunday.. 

g    Monday.. 

o    Tuesdays 

30.48   4 

:  i  Calm 

Wed'day 

(-5    Thurs.... 

+2    Friday... 

g    Saturday 

29.69   5 

12  S. 

7 

?resh 

l-l 

Cloudy 

a  Sunday.. 

jj    Tuesday. 

30.56   3 

?5W. 

1 

-light 

l-J 

?air 

3     Wed'day 

San  Francisoo  Metal  Market. 

[  Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  &  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  Btreet.] 
PRICES  FOE  INVOIOBB 

fobbing  prices  rule  from,  ten  tojiftfen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quotations. 

Thursday,  February  8, 1872 

Iron.— 

Scotch  and'English  Pig  Iron,  <$  ton $52  50    @  55  00 

White  Pip,  $  ton 45  00    @ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  filb —  04    @  —  04)£ 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  $  lb —  05    @  —  05k 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  05    ** 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  05^i 

Sbeet,  No.  14  to  20 —06 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —  06 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.      5     @  C 

Copper. — 

Sheathing.  $  lb —  24    @—  26 

Sheathing,  Yellow"" —  24    ®  —  25 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11    @  —  11# 

Composition  Nails —24        — 

Composition  Bolts —  24        — 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  ^  box 12  00 

Plates,  10  Charcoal  10  00  10  50 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs,  3  lb —  45 

Steel.— English  Oast,  $  lb —  16  —  17 

Drill 16  17 

Flat  Bar 17  20 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould^boards) 12>jj 

Quicksilver.— $  fl) —  85 

Lead.— Pig,  $  lb —  05#  —  QGM 

Sheet —  08  —    8% 

Pipe —    9  —  10 

Bar 08  —09 

Zinc. -Sheets,  %  lb —  10  —  W/& 

Borax— Refined —25  -  30 

Borax,  crude —    5 


'     Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  st.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  February  8, 1872. 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  Btill  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  ^  ft....; 26@29 

Santa  Oruz  Leather,  fe  ft 26@29 

Country  Leather,  ^  ft 25@28 

Tlie  market  is  well  supplied  with  French  stookB,  and 
prices  hare  a  downward  tendency.  Heavy  California  skinB 
are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8Kil.,  perdoz  $60  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19Kil.,perdoz 76  00@  95  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz. 60  00@  80  00 

Lemome,  16to  19  ICil,  ^  doz  95  00@ 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  00(3  70  00 

Corncllian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  perdoz 60  00M  68  00 

OgerauCalf,  ^  doz 54  00@ 

Simon,  18  KSLM  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  $  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  ^  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips.  ^  lb 1  (.0©    130 

Calif ornia Kip,  ^  doz : 65  OOtoSO  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors.  ^  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  ■§,  ft 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ^doz....    8  00©  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,  3ft  doz 5  50<§  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ^ftpair 5  25 

Good  French  Oalf  Boot  Legs,  fy  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Oalf  Boot  Legs,  $  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ^jft  lb 30®    37W 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  fi  doz 48  00®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ^  ft , 34®    37M 

Welt  Leather,  $  doz 30  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  ~jk  foot 17®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ^  foot 18®       20 


MARAVILLA  COCOA.— No  breakfast  table  is  complete 

(vithout  this  delicious  beverage.  The  Globesnys;  "Various 
importers  and  manufacturers  have  attempted  to  attain  a 
reputation  for  their  prepared  Cocoas,  but  v,e  doubt  whether 
any  thorough  succoss  had  been  achieved  until  Messrs. 
Taylor  Brothers  discovered  the  extraordinary  qualities  of 
'  Mara  villa'  Cocoa.  Adapting  their  perfect  system  of 
preparation  to  this  finest  of  all  species  of  the  Theobroma, 
they  have  produced  an  article  wtucb  supercedes  every  other 
Ocicoa  in  the  market.  Entire  solubility,  a  delicate  aroma- 
and  a  rare  concentration  of  the  purest  elements  of  nutri- 
tion, distinguish  the  Maravilla  Cocoa  above  all  others.  Foi 
homoeopaths  and  invalids  we  could  not  recommend  a  more 
agreeable  or  valuable  beverage."  Sold  in  packets  only  by 
all  Grocers,  of  whom  also  may  be  had  Taylor  Brothers, 
Original  Homceopathio  Cocoa  and  Soluble  Chocolate 
Steam  Mills— Brick  Lane,  London.  Export  Chicory  Mills, 
Bruges,  Belgium.  fe25-ly 


Bipe  and  Luscious  Melons  the  Year  Round ! 

Seeds  for  Sale.— The  Seeds  of  the  famous  TURKISH 
MUSKMELON  (which  keeps  in  palatable  condition  in 
winter  and  summer)  are  now  on'ered  for  sale  (for  the 
first  time  in  America)  at  this  office.  They  are  said  to 
be  excellent  for  preserve^and  sweet  pickle,  and  superior 
to  citrons  or  other  melons.  We  have  ihe  sole  wholesale 
and  retail  agency  of  the  introducer,  on  this  Continent, 
R.  Marchella,  of  this  State.  Small  packages,  by  mail,  50 
cts.j  prepaid  to  any  part  of  the  United  States,  It  is  a 
ohoice  novelty.  Send  in  season.  The  supply  is  not  large. 


Mining  Companies 


Should  advertise  their  Meetings,  Assessments,  and  Sales, 
in  the  Scientific  Press.  Rates  more  than  one-half  less 
than  daily  publications.  Stockholders  should  take  the 
hint  and  request  their  managers  to  truly  economize  by  ad- 
vertising in  a  Mining  Journal,  where  all  notices  may  be 
seen  by  cheaply  purchasing  and  examining  a  weekly.  You 
will  thus  save  money  and  uphold  a  journal  which  upholds 
your  interests. 


University  of  California.— The  Preparatory  Depart- 
jient  is  mader  the  charge  of  five  Professors  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  six  tutors. 

Besides  the  studies  of  the  public  schools,  Algebra, 
Geometry,  Latin,  Greek,  German,  French,  Spanish  and 
Book-Keeping  are  taught. 

Terms:  Board  and  tuition,  4  weeks,  $30.  Students  re- 
ceived at  any  time.  George  Tajt,  Oakland,  MaBter 
Fifth  Class. se9bptf 

$5  to  $20  peb  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  v/ant  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  Wire  Works,  75  William,  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111. 23vl-12mbp 

Ladies  Desdung  to  Pboouee  a  Ftkst-Clasb  Sewing 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21vl-12mbp 

Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 


TO  CONTRACT  WITH  TJS  FOR 


SHEET    IXftOIS     J?II?E. 


All  "Work  Guaranteed. 

OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  ,San  Francisco. 

4v24-eow3ml6p 

FRANCIS   SMITH  &   CO., 
HYDRAULIC     PIPE, 


Artesian  Well  Pipe— All  Sizes. 


Having  the  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  we  can  make  it 
an  object  to 


13  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  S0300L  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  instruction  is  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  net  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year,  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full1  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heajld's  Col- 
lege JOUItNAL. 

Address  E.  P.  HEALD, 

President  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 

3v3-eowbp 

About    Building. 

A    person    who    is 
competent  to    prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings, Mills.Bridg- 
es,   or  other  architec- 
tural   improvements, 
will    make    favorable 
.^1  "  engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporiitions  in 
^'HSHP-iO Pis™    the  city  or  the  interior. 
'Has  had  full  experience 
p3  on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure    good     satisfac- 
EDW.   W.    TIFT, 
No.  807  Howard  street,  San  Francisco. 


tion.    AddresB 
5  -v24-sa 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OP    SAN    FKAKCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million.  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BKUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 
a.    415    OALIIFOKJIIA    8TBBIT. 
25v20-qy 


February  10,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


93 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


Alhambra  Hill  Mining  Company— Location 

ran.  aJhambra  BUI,   Pinto  Dhtfrlct,  White  Hoa 

*da. 

am  delinquent    upon  the    followtog 
1   stock,    on    a>  •   [No,    it 

■.     th.-  Ninth  day  of    I-   ■.■mi»  r,  1871,  Ul 

-t  oppualtc  the  nuni  1  <-t  tie  n  ipectlTf  anax* 
boldi  n  u  foil 


Sunt*.              N 

.\"m  -liana. 

Aninnnl. 

2SI 

f  126. 60 

" 

1M.50 

K.  MajriM'li •■ 

113 

IMJ0 

C.  K  S.  bniliH    •• 

196.0] 

B.  M.  mix  urn  r " 

l» 

J.  ll.UHUn>I.I<-r " 

1M.SO 

1>.  11.  Ja.  k-i.j, ■' 

CM 

253.110 

" 

in 

80.50 

J.   Na|ilhaly " 

111! 

80.90 

l>.  B.  ArrowimUh...    "       " 

lr.l 

80.60 

HI 

Tim..  J.  I:...l •• 

BOM 

40.38 

Ami  tn   accordance    witli    l«w,    and    an  Order  <'f    the 

Board  ol  '  "ii  Uu  Ninth  daj  ol  December, 

many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  aald  Btock  u  may 

»ry,  will  be  »"»id  at  public  auction  by  Maurice 

■   >.,at  Mo.  327  Uongomery  street,  od  the  Fifth 

day  tf  February,  1872,  at  the  boor  ol  i-  o'olook  v.,  of 

said  day,  tu  pay  said  delinquent  asseaament  thereon, 

with  cuats  of  adTeitlalng  and  i\|M'Uhtii  of  salt.-. 
Hi  Si;v  <-.  LANOLBT,  Beoretary. 
Office—  01 2  Cl:.  I  renelaco,  Oal,       Jr20-*W 


PO8TP0N1  The  above  Bale  la  postponed  to 

lary  27th,  1872,  at  12  o'clock  m.,  to  be 
held  at  tho  same  place.  <i  of  Trust- 

ees. HLNin  a.  LANOLEY,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  February  a,  1872.  Iel0>2w 


Kincaid   Fiat  Mining  Company—Location 

of  irarkB,  Tuolnnme  Oounty,  State  of  California. 

None*.— There  are  delinquent  upun  the  following  de- 
scribed Stock,  on  account  ol  \--i -Mm m  levied  "ii  the 
1  nil  das  "(  i  ii  - 1  mi"  r,  1871,  the  Beveral  amounts  Bet  op- 
posite the  Dames  of  t!i'.'  i'i  speetive  Shareholders  as  foi- 
[ova : 

Names.  No.  Certiilcatc,  No.  Sharee.  Am't. 
ult 93 :.u $125  01* 

And  in  in  ■■  ■<■!■<.{.  ui  ■-  wiih  law,  audan  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  mi  the  111I1  day  of  Docembor,  1871,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  .stud;  u  may  be-  neo- 
pannrj.  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  8<  cretarj  "a 

Office,  N".  22U  Clay  street,  Sun  Francisco,  California, 
ua  Wednesday,  the  Tlliday  of  February,  1872,  ut  the 
hour  of  1U  o'clock  a.  M.  of  said  day,  to  pay  s.ld  delin- 
quent esscKKineut  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  Advt-r. 
tiBiiu'  aud  expenses  of  sale. 

it.7 11.  0OBNELL,  Secretary. 
Office,  No.  220  Clay  Urect,  San  Francisco,  Cal.       j203t 


Pobttonrment.— The  above  sale  is  hereby  postponed 
until  Wednesday,  February  Hth,  1872,  at  the  sauiuliour 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
fl-2w  R.  II.  CORNELL,  Secretary. 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location   of 


:  District,   Pliv 


county,  State  of  Call 


works.  - 
tornla. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  nf  the  Board  of 
Trustees  ol  pan  I  Oompnny,  held  on  the  16th  day  of  January 
1>7.'.  mi  ii.--i..->,iii..'nt  hi  Twenty  (20)eent8pershare  w?a  levied 
Upon  the  capital  stuck  of  said  company,  payable  iuimedi- 
anly  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secre- 
tary at  the  office  of  thu  company,  room  No.  2,  -IlB  California 
Btreett  Siin  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  updii  which  said   aawensj-nenl  shall  remain  nn- 

SKid  on  Monday,  the  luih  day  ot  February,  1872,  whall  be 
.■.■in.  ■]  delinquent,  and  "ill  '»■  duly  ai.lvcrtini.-d  for  sale  by 
public  miction,  ami  unh- ms  payment  he  made  be  lure,  will  be 

sold  on  Monday,  thu  lll.li  day  of  M.irch,  IMT'J,  to  pay  the  de- 
inqnent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of   advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
GEO.  It.  SPINNEY,  Secretary. 
Office—Room  No.  2,  third  lloor,  -JIB  California  street,  San 
Francisco,  California,  ja2U-5w 


Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany-Location  of  works,  1st  tiarote,  Tuolumne 
county,  Cal. 

Notice — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 

described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 

8th  day  of  January,  1H72,  the  several  amounts  set  oppo- 

Bito  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as  follows: 

Names,  No.  Certificate.    No.  shares.    Amount. 

Creamer,  JM H  lliO  $25.00 

Lewis,  L  J,  Trustee  ....48  100  25.00 

Lewis,  L  J,  Trustee  ...  .51  100  25.00 

Lewis,  L  J,  Trustee  ..    -5*i  125  31-25 

Nelson,  JH 15  100  25.00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  8th  day  of  January, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
bo  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  orhce 
of  said  company,  on  the  2'id  day  of  February,  1872,  at 
the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.  of  Baid  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
Ycrti.-ing  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 
Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.     f  i0-4 


Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company — Lo- 

cation,  Spruce  Mountain,  Antelope  and  Clifton  Districts, 

blko  County,  State  of  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Hoard  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  'Jth  day  of  January, 
1872,  an  assessment  Of  lour  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  company's 
othce,  Room  .r>,  No.  3U2  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 
Cal.  Any  .stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  Tuesday,  the  19th  day  of  February,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  lie  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  Jth  day  of  March,  1B72,  to  pay 
tho  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertis- 
ing and  expenses  «f  sate. 

By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trusteea. 

WM.  11.  WATSON,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  utreet,  Sim  Fran- 
cisco.  Cal. jal3-:Jw 


BLAKE'S  PATENT    STEAM   PUMPS. 

WHAT    IS    SAID    BY    THOSE   WHO   USE   THEM. 


„„„„  .  s^'''  m  OrecoD,  January  16th,  1871 

II  hit  It  t  A  I'I,  A 1  1  ■    ■  tkin.'ii    liiaiintv«trtoyouri|ti«ry  regarding  tho  working  of  the  large  Blake 

ir  nnmnanj  ttnmhaand  of  yon.  »<•  wonld  Bay  in  all  itiucerity  ihat  the  inini 
it  h*ji  bssn  in  oae  dnw  the  27  th  ol  -;i,  and  has  tiiu^  far  «i\  an  cue  moat  peri 

ler,  sod  renufrea  butUttl  run  it.    It  la  siuri 

rsx*r  in  It  Wb  have  found  II  antireb  latl 

Koora,  n  ipeotfnlly,  w   1  .  BOOTHT,  Bop't  Balsm  Water  Works. 
IMI'KNix  mink.  NapeOonntj   Jaooarj  lflUi.1872. 
M        its   BKlinv  A  1'LACE,    San  Franel»co— Oontlemen    Thi    No  -    Blaki    Htaam  Pump  we  bought  ol    roub 
od  lervice     W«  are  having  .1  largi1  amount  of  water  to  ooateoil  « it  H  daring  this  Btonnj  wi  tther;  Uai  U 

.  1  all  nut  ol  the  main  lhafi  ■■.-',  ami  ifl  only  working  from  911  to 80 atrokftl  ,1  niiuut.v 
It  in  a  eomplatfl  pump  an  J  no  niiataku.  We  are  well  •otiitned  with  it-  working,  mid  if  you  wlsb  to  u-e  the  Damn  Ol  our 
company.  a»»  relerenoe,  you  are  at  liberty  to  do  so.     Very  rosp'tly,   QEO<    ffrfCLOWS,  Sunt,  Pb \  QuioksUvor  M.  Co. 


BLAKE'S   PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

These  Pampa  hi     bat         lad  and  fun  ml  to  be  indlaputsbb  ■  .  .1    Thty  lujive  been  sold 

In  the  I'"-                      ■  ■■  for  nearly  tbreo years,  and  wears  willing  even  one  in  ass  maj  be  roforredto;  evorj  Pump  "  ii! 

■  |H>.ik  for  1 1 -eh.    They  are  constructed  lo  the  most  simple  -tji".  and  bmlt   in  the  most  thorough  manner— ospeeiaHi  oal< 

Foi  dm]  I11  it]   durabUitj  and  power.    Some  "i  ths  advantsgea  ol  the  Blaki  Ptunpmai  oe summed  upas  followa: 


■  ure.     May  Ih'   run    Jo 

,v-  ma]  ,m'  dsslrsd,  w  ill  dis- 
ohsrge    mors    water  than  any 

•  it  lorn  of  the  same  di  munitions. 
I  Ian  no  baky  joints,  thu  sU'am 
part    being   cant    1 SDthn 

1  !•■  st. 'am  rslve  i"  psr- 
lectiy  balanced,  i«  enahloned  at 

■.nil    thS 
greatest  facility  having  h 

'■v    ■"■ gttnmU 

■  -i  order,     Will  ntartat 
any  oointof  tho  Stroke,  anil  will 

discharge  all  the  water  of  con- 
denaai Ths   I'uinp  has  no 

il  ■  -v.1 1.  thtTchy  sav- 
ing a  oonsideraole  item  of  ex-  ^_l 

the  purohsser,  Having  -  ?:- 

(end  ; Ei,  .1  therefore  needs  V"j 

oo  wstehing,  and  [seomwQusnt-  ^^ 

ly  ready  lo  itart  «  ithout  using 
a  starting  bar  or  any  hand  fl  01 1> 

n  baterer.    The  Blake  Pump  la 

1'iii'o-ivi'ly  used   on    Railroads 

ami  Steamboats,  in  Hotels;  for 


Hand  Power 


alining  and  Fire  purpose 
Brow*  riss,  Tanneries.  Sugar 
Houses,  (factories.  Mil  in.  Laun- 
dries, ami  us  Boiler  Feeders, 
whore vor steam  Le employed,  iri 

fact,   wherever    water   or   other 

liquids  are  deahred  to  be  raised 

la  largo  or  small  quantities,  or 

1  heavy  ..r  light  pressure, 

it    is    the    cheapest    uml     I  <    It 
i'uinp  that  CSO    08    u-.'d.     ft    11 


.  ii  to  1  he  public  ns  iIh 
m. >  t  ported  Independent  steam 
Pump  over  invented.  Forty 
different  sixes  are  mads,  capa- 
ble i.l  throwing  from  1.1X10  to 
'jim.lilHl  Kallons  an  hour,  and 
adapted   to  any  class  of    work 

^    Mint,  may  !>'■  required,    Bvorj 

^      punip  will  be  warraiil.  il  to  Dor- 
y"       form  the  work  required  of  11  hj 
tho  purchaser,  or  it  may  ho  re- 
turned and    tho  money   will    he 

.  1 1  fully  reiunded.  The  Blake 

I' limp    was     awarded     a    silver 
Mi  dal  at  the  lust  exhibition  of 
Mi-clinmcs'  In-tittite,  San  FrmicisGOi  ami  Stall-  Fail   al    BaOramentO,  as   b<  |ng  the  best   Steam  Pump  OO  exhibition.     Tho 
ngeutfl  have  recent  ly  imported  several  of   the  iargrsf-si/eil    Minim;    Pnmns    tor  waterworks,  and  deep  mines,  and  will  !"■ 

nl-M-.i-l  10  rct.T   par -■  1  ■•  tli.-m  ;  we  claim  for  it,  that  it  in  tin-  most  simple  ami  durable,  uml  cunseunently  the  best  Steam 

rump  i-v.T  built,  lor  sal. 1  by  TKFADWKLL  A.  CO..  Maeliirmrv  lli'pol.  old  stand,  corner  of  Market  an<l  Fremont 
streets.  San  V  raiicisco,  who  will  be  pleased  to  send  circulars  to  any  address,  or  tdnuv  its  advantages  Ui  parties  calling  on 
them. 


OFFICII  STARK  MILLS,  VALLFJO,  Cal.,  .January  Uth,  1872. 
MEBflBS   BI.RR\  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gentlemen:  We  are  pleased  to  stale  that  the  No.  .1  Blake  Pump  purohased 
of  you,  basconstantlvflupplieu  our  three  boilera  for  the  past  year,  with  water  heat  to  above  boiling  point  with  one  of 

A  mi  Ht  rung  s  Patent  Heaters.     It  has  given  us  no  trouble  nor  expense,  and  has  in  luet  fiillv  come  ut'  to  your  recommenda- 
1  Ions.  Yours,  Etc.,  STARR  BROS.  &  CAMPBELL. 

OFFICE  S.  J.  WOOLKN'CO..  SAN  JOSE,  January  29th.  1872. 
HEflSttH.  BERRY  A  PXjAOB,  Sun  Francisco— Geiil  lemen :  We  have  used   11  No.  8  Blake  Steam  Pump  now  for  about  two 
yearw,  both  as  a  Tank  Pump  and  as  a  Fire  Pump  in  casu  of  need:  and   it   has  given   excellent  satisfaction.    Hum-.  .,..  ,„ 
nary  rarjMrf.  Very  respectfully,  B.F.  PECKHAM.  Pres't  San  Joso  Woolen  Co. 

BELMONT,  Cal..  February  (5th.  1872. 
Mrssns.  TREADWELLA  CO.— Centlomon:    In   reply  to  your  inquiry  concerning  tho   large  Hlake  Steam  Pump,   pur- 
chased of  Berry  .t  Place,  by  Mr.  Rulston,  I  will  eay,  that  it  gives  kntihk  -nH-i-trti;n,  even  working  as   it  now  is,  where  no 
other  1'ump  could;  for  it  i8«/jn-w«(  fix  /ft  umb-r  imtrr,  yet  it  does  its  work  I'FiiFECTLT. 

Yours,  ttc,  J.  E.  BUTLKR,  Hupt.  Water  Works  and  Engineer  at  W.  C.  Rals ton's. 


It  has  no  Cams  or  Rotary  Complex  Valves.    It  has  stood  the  test  wherever  tested. 

IT    IS    SIMPLE,     COMPACT,  DUKABLE,    AND    POWERFUL. 
:  y  Manufactured  by  Geo.  F.  Blake  &  Co.,  Boston,  who  Ijuild  and  have  on  hand  a  larger  variety 
of  Steam  Pumps  than  any   other  concern   in   the   country,  embracing  fwly  different  sizes,  and 
capable  of  throwing  from  1,000  to  200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and  adapted  to   every  description  of 
work  required.    ESPSend  for  circular  and  prices. 
The  largest  stock  in  the  country  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of 

TR.E  A.DD  WELL     Sc    CO., 
Manufacturers'  Agents,  corner  Market  and  Front  Streets,  San  Francisco. 

oqfr- Machinery  Depot  for  Miners,  Millmen,  and   Engineers'   Supplies.    Iron  and  Wood  Machinery;    Portable  Engines; 
Mills,  Muchinisis'  and  Mechanics',  Miners'  and  Farmers'  Tools;  Sturtevant'e  Blowers,  Turbine  Watorwiieels,  Etc.,  Etc. 


FISHER'S 
KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 


HYDEAULIC     CHIEF. 


Cheapest  and    Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 

The  only  reliable  party  in  tho  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
0v23-tf  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  ORDER, 

to    throw   from 
One 
to  an 
eight- inch 
8TREA  M. 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company— 

—Location  of  works,  Piernont  Mining  District,  White 
Pine  County,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  thut  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  Twenty-fifth  (2Mb) 
day  of  January  a.  d.  187a,  an  assessment  ol  eighty (W))cents 
per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to 
the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  said  company.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Friday, 
the  first  day  of  March,  a.  d.  187*2,  shall  he  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  bo  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  Twenty-third  day  .of  March,  a.  d.  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Otlice,  No.  118  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  fl-4w 


Quail  Kill  Mining  and  Water  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Salt  Springs  Valley,  Calaveras 
County, State  of  California. 

Notioe,— There  are.  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  tho 
lilth  day  of  December,  1871,  the  several  aniountc 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders, 
as  follows: 
Names.  No.  certificate.  No.  shares   Amount 

F.  S.  Spring,  Trustee 41  1*20  $600.00 

E.  F.  Lennison 42  1  5.00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  19th  day  of  December, 
1871,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
he  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company, No.  40U  California  street,  (up  stairs,) 
SanFranciisco,  Cal.,  on  the  13th  day  of  February,  1872, 
at  the  hcur  of  12  o'clock  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent assessment  thereon,, together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale. 

T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 
Office,  No.  409  California  Btreet,  (up  stairs)  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.  jr27-3t 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company—Location 

of   works,    White   Pine     Mining   District,    White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

AsHeHHincnt  uf 'lhree  ($I))doIlars  per  share,  levied  Decem- 
ber 19th,  1871,  having  been  rescinded  by  vote  of  the  Board 
Of  Trustees, 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trusteea  of  said  Company,  hold  on  the  2  th  day  of  Jan- 
ury,  A.  D.  1872,  an  assessment  of  One  Dollar  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  ofllce  of  the  Company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  as- 
sessment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  26th  day  of 
Febuary,  A.  U.  1872.  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  bo 
duly  advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  pay- 
ment shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  tho  19th 
day  of  March  a.  n.,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  or  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.       J.W.  CLARK,  Secy 


'Office,  418  California  St.  San  Francisco. 


jr27-lw. 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

ing  Company.— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  mooting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  23d  day  of  Jan- 
uary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  Four  (SJ.OO)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  ot  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin 
to  the  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  516  Kearny  street,  San  Francisco,  California^  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
tho '27th  day  of  February,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  bo  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Saturday,  the  16th  day  of  March,  1872.  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  tho  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 
Office  516  Kearny  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  jr27td. 


South    Gulch    Grave!    Mining    Company. 

Location  of  Works,  Brushvillo  Mining  District,  Cala- 
veras County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  7th  day  of 
February,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  and  fifty 
cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of 
said  Company,  payable  immediately,  tn  United  States 
gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  Company, 
No.  409  California  street,  up  stairB,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  March,  1872,  shall  bo 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the  third  day  of 
April,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  F.   CRONISE,  Secretary- 
Office,  409  California  Btreet,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Union  Gold  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  County,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  tho  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
4th  day  of  January,  1872,  the  Beveral  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.    Am't. 

Crosett.JameBF.  Trustee.. Kill  62        $  62  00 

Crosett,  James F.  Trustee. .167  100  100  00 

Frontin,  Joseph,  Trustee. .234  100  100  00 

Frontin,  Joseph,  Trustee.  .285  95  95  00 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  E.  W 206  15  15  00 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  E.  W 212  10  10  GO 

Hale,  William  F 129  60  60  00 

Mahoney,  DenLs 46  100         100  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 47  50  50  00 

Mahoncy,  Denis 62  75  75  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 63  100  100  00 

Stuart,  W.  A 90  7  7  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  4th  day  of  January,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
the  Company,  Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange,  Cali- 
fornia street,  San  Francisco,  California,  on  Monday, 
the  26th  day  of  February,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock 
p.  M.  of  said  day,  lo  pay  said  delinquent  assessment 
thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  sale.  ALFRED  K.  DURBROW,  Secretary. 

Office:  Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
street,  Son  Francisco,  California,  felO- 


Wm.  Penn  Consolidated  Mining  Company 

1  Eton  v  und  Lyon  Counties,  State 

Ol  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 

mpany,  beldon  the  2i;tu  day  of 

January,  1872,  the   uBaasmant  ol  50  oents  r«'r  share 

the  10th  day  of  January,  was  rescinded,  and  &u 

1  m[  (1.0Q  per  sham  vaa  levied,  payable  imme- 

dlalely,  in  0.  a.  gold  coin,  to  the  Becretary,  at  the  office 

of  tie  company,  No.  &8 Montgomery  street,  Ban  Pnfav 

llforala. 

.\>i.\  Btooknpon  which  said  asaessmeDt  shrill  remain 

unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  Wth  day  of  February,  1S72, 

slcill  be  dl  BXUI  d  delinquent,  and  !«■  duly  advertised  fur 
sab-  at  publn  auctn>u,  ami  unless  payment  be  made 
bofbra,  will  be  sold  on  Thursday,  the  21st  day  of 
Man  b,  fsT.',  t.i  pay  the  delinquent  assessment  there. -11 
togi  ttai  C  with  cost  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
Bj  order  ■•!  the  Board  of  Trust.  .  B, 

fob3-4t  fii.NKV  toomt,  Secretary. 

I  Ifflcs,  Ho.  it:ts  Montgomery  street.  Rooms  :i  and  4. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer, 
Mineral  Assayer,  Analyst,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Author  of  "TheExpIorere",  Miners',  and  Metallurg- 
lste'  Companion." 

Inventor  of    tho    Explorers',   Miners',   Millers',  and 
Smelters'  Friend,  the  Prospectors'  "  WEE  PET  "  Assay- 
ing Machine,  etc.,  which  obtained  a  Gold  Medal  at  the 
Son  Francisco  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  lt)6tf. 
Patented  September  7,  leW. 


Arranged  for  the  general  purposes  of  the  Analyst  and 
Assayer. 
Price,  with  instructions,  tools  and  fluxes,  $100. 

Practical  Instructions  in  all  kinds  of  Assay- 
ing, Discrimination  and  Analysis. 

23-v23-tf 


TO 


QUARTZ  MINERS  AND  MILLMEN. 


Three  years  since  we  established  in  con- 
nection with  our  Crockery  and  Silver 
Plated  Ware  Business,  a  Factory  for 
Silver  Plating  by  electro  process  all 
ivares  lohich  we  had  previously  im- 
ported ready  plated  from  Eastern 
factories. 

Our  enterprise,  assisted  by  the  liberal 
patronage  of  the  Builders  and  Plumb- 
ers, 7ms  proven  a  success;  and  hav- 
ing subsequently  added  to  our  busi- 
ness that  of  SILVER  PLATING 
COPPEB  PLATES  for  AMAL- 
GAMATING PURPOSES,  we 
desire  to  inform  the  Miners  and  Mill- 
men  of  California  and  Nevada,  that 
we  have  recently  perfected  such  im- 
provements as  lo  enable  us  to  furnish 
at  very  short  notice  Silver-plated 
Amalgamating  Plates,  having  a 
smoothness  andfinish  of  surface  never 
before  attained  in  California. 

Orders  for  special  sizes  sent  by  mail 
will  receive  prompt  attention.  Refer- 
ences from  those  who  have  used  our 
Plates  ivill  be  furnished  to  those  de- 
siring them 

HAYNES  &,    LAWTON, 
Market  St.,  under  the  Grand  Hotel, 

Januarr  20,  1872.  SAN  PEANCISCO. 

4v21-lara3m 


CAUTION. 

BETTS'S    CAPSULE    PATENTS 

are  being  infringed  by  importation  of  Cap3ulesmade  in  con- 
travention of  his  rights,  which  necessarily  are  numerous, 
BETTS  being  the  original  Inventor  and  Sole  Maker  in  the 
United  Kingdom. 

1,    WHARF     ROAD,    CITY     ROAD,    LONDON,     AND 
BORDEAUX,  FRANCE. 


94 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  10, 1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABlilSHED    1851. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and.  Fremont  streets. 

SAN  FRAKOISCO 

IBA  r.   BANKXtr.  A.  P.  BBATTOIT, 

GEO.  W.  FOGG,  Superintendent* 

HteamEn^mes  andBoilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  flrst- 
•lass  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
■riceB,  and  of  the  beBt  quality. 

ay  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Rpairs. 

N  B  —Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  OELE- 
BKATED  PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  OODDABD  8t  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

■gTBAM    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Flour    and.    Saw   3Xill», 

Bares'  Improved  Steam  Pomp,  Brodle'a  Im- 
proved     Crusher,      Mining     Pumps, 
Amulifiimnturs,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

.E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How. 
street,  Ban  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 
MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111   Mission   Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Worts  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say:— 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour   and  Saw  Mills, 

QTJAE.TZ    MACHINERY 
^Printing   Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OP  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting'B  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  cau  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

AL90,  MANUFA0TUBEB  AND  BOLE  AGENT  FOR 

Pracy's    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 

UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Siioraiuioiito. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

Dunbar's  Patent  Self-Adlustlns  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  MInlnjr  Uuchluerv. 

Front  Street*  between  IV  and  O  *treetat 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL, 

Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND   OTHER   IRON 

—  AMD  — 

Every  "Variety  of  Shafting1, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZE8  <  f 
Mteambottt    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con- 
necting Kods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 
and  Frames 

— ALSO — 

HAMMERED     IPtOlV 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

4V  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
30MPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,wlll  celve 
Jrompt  attention 

■3*  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron        9vl43m 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY   BLOWER. 

MANUFACTURED    AT 

The  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton,  Cal. 

AWAEDED    THE     FIRST     PREMIUM    AT    THE  PARIS    EXPOSITION— PATENTED 
NOT.  1,  1864 ;  ;JULY  24,  1866 ;  AND  OCT.  9,  1866. 


Adapted 

.FOB 

Smelting, 

Foundry, 


Mining 


and 


Steamships. 


Than    any    Blower 


Now  in  Ubo. 


One  of  these  Blowers  may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Garratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco;  Gould  &  Curry  and 
Savage  S.  M.  Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C.  P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Catjtion. — Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  to  the  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  parties, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  the  requirements  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUARTZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IRON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HORSE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OF  ALL  SIZES. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

imtt  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

P.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


CELEBRATED 


SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

[TOUR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &    LONG    LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS, 

1340    Beach    Street,    Philadelphia,    Perm. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

8^"  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  G-ATJG-E  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND    PHOTOGRAPHS. 


BALDWIN    LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS. 


M.   BAIRD  &  CO.,    Philadelphia, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  LOCOMOTIVE  ENGINES, 
Especially  adapted  to  Every  Variety  of  Railroad  Use,  including 

Mining  Engines  and  Locomotives  for  Narrow  Gauge  Railways. 

ALL    WORK   ACCURATELY    FITTED    TO    GAUGES,    AND    THOROUGHLY    INTERCHANGEABLE. 


Plan,  Materials,  Workmanship,  Finish  and  Efficiency  Fully  Guaranteed 
M.  BATRD,  CHAS.  T.  PARRY,  WM.  P.  HENSZEY, 

GEO.  BURNHAM  EDWARD  H.  WILLIAMS,  EDWARD  LONGSTRETH. 

V3~  Williams,  BlanohAkd  h  Co.,  Agents,  218  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  apl-eow26t 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

LIGHT  A1VO  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


j.  w.  thtjrman, 

(Successor  to  S-  "W.  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

ALL  0KDEHS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-tJni 


THE   oaisi>oiv 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS : 
Corner  of  JSeale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Director* i 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  "Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker, 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

O.  E.  MoLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary. 

21vl7-qy 

OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  St.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  fiTiOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 

CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street)  appoilte  Mlnnn, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kihds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Sails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steamboat  Bells  and 
(Jongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
Iraullc  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
bions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
AS-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -ffit 
J.   H.  WEED-  V.  KING  WELL. 

Miners'   Foundry   and    Machine   Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 
?lrBt  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Fhanoisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 
7v23tf  I.  L.  MORTLHRAP,  President. 

Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM: 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  nnder  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  tijen  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glasH 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodn  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rinuB  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  E,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stoppB; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  BrasB  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


THEODORE   KALLENBEKG, 

MACHINIST, 

nd  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Die*, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  tho 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  *'  Severance,  Holt  k  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
aB  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  316  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


February  10,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


95 


WHY   THE   WILSON 


Patent    Steam    Stamp    Mill 


IS  THE   BEST  AND 


Most  Desirable   Mill  for  Crushing  Ores. 


Bocsuse  the  company  give  ft  responsible  guarantee 
that  the  pon-naM-n*  shall  be  under  no  expense  (or  re. 
paim  for  TWELVE  MONTHS,  and  guarantee  the  mill  to 
crush  (regular  work)  On"  Ton  Per  Hour  ot  the  Hardest 
Quartz  through  the  ordinary 


THERE    IS    A    SAVING 


ot  from  Twenty  to  Forty  per  cent,  running  expenses. 

To  put  one  of  the  Wilson  Mills  over  tho  mountains, 
from  flO.Ouu  to  118,000  Is  saved  In  First  Cost. 

The  Wilson  Mill  will  save  In  working  exponses  and 
repairs  enough  every  six  months  to  PAY  FOB  ITSELF. 


DJ  EVEBY  PABTICCLAB 

This   Mill   is   Greatly   Superior   to   the 

Ordinary    Cam    Stamp    Mill. 
RECOLLECT 

This    Mill    is    Fully  Guaranteed 

to  do  and  be  all  we'  claim  for  It. 

DO    NOT    BE    DECEIVED 

by  the  cry  of  "  Humbug."  but  coll  and  Investigate  itB 
merits.  Ono  can  always  be  seen  at  the  Pacific  Iron 
Works. 

Ten  of  these  Mills  are  now  in  operation. 

For  further  particulars  address 

1   I  ItllA.V     U.     WII.SON, 

San  Francisco. 


MOLDING,    MOETISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACH1MES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
Fer  Rahjioad,  Car,  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
'  1ff~  Superior  to  sny  in  use. 

A..   FAY   &  CO., 

CiNcrNNATT,  Ohio. 


STEYE.mVS  PATEM    MOULD  BOAKD    AMALGAMATING   PAX. 


This  Pan_is  far  superior  to]  all 
others  in  several  important  particu- 
lars. The  grinding  mailers  are  near 
the  center,  requiring  less  power. 
The  plow-slmi*-..  grooves  raise  tho 
qoickiilTQI  willi  the  pulp  regularly, 
with  leu  powLT,  without  violence, 
and  with  butter  amalgamating  et" 
feet,  besides  udniitiiiig  of  a  larger 
charge.  The  iuclined-shapcd  hous- 
ings of  tho  muller-plate  openings 
Lthi'itMiily  force  tho  pulp  directly 
uadcr  the  mutlors. 


It  has  been  constantly  running 
for  over  eight  months,  and  has 
proved,  in  competition,  to  produce 
a  higher  percentage  of  bullion, 
with  less  power  and  with  great 
saving  of  quicksilver,  over  any 
other  pan  in  use.  It  is  simple  in 
construction  and  operation,  and 
cheaper  in  first  cost  and  economy 
in  wear. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO,, 

MANDFACTUDERS     OF 


WOOD-WORKING   MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

PHTLADEUHIA. 

■y  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


NELSON    &c  DOBLE, 


AGKyTS   FOR 


Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sledge*,    Hammer*,    Stone    Cutters',    Blach 

smiths' una  Home-Shoem*  Tools. 
13  and  15  Fremont  atreet,  near  Market,  San  Francla 
lOvHijr 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     ArVZ>     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En- 
trance on  Natoma  etreet.  6v23-3m 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  streot,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Franoisoo. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  FileB  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BElfEK    l.MI  MOWKK  slil  TIOVS,  IIAK9 
AM)  KNIVES  MXPLETE. 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


Manufactured  at  the  Golden  State  Iron  Works  (Co-operative).  19  First  street,  S.  F, 

Where  it  can  be  examined  and  further  particulars  be  learned  ;  or  porBOns  may  apply  to  tho  inventor  and  pat- 
entee, Mr.  C.  C.  STEVENSON,  at  the  Douglas  Mine, .Gold  Hill,  State  of  Nevada,  where  the  PanB  have  long 
been  in  constant  operation.  15v20-lmr,lamtf 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PCMP8. 

PIOKMUNG'S 

ICiifiiiie    Regulators. 

GUTAKD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BAKTOL'S 

STEAM    TRAP. 
Surface   Condensers. 

DAVTLTSTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  F. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


HUGHES'    PATENT 

REMOVABLE    GLOBE    LANTERN. 

Since  the  time  when  King  Alfred  made  tho  first  lantern  by  surrounding  a  candle 
■with  a  transparent  casing  of  horn,  this  class  of  appliances  has  been  one  of  tho  greatest 
utility  and  most  extended  use.  Among  the  latest  improvements  in  its  construction  is 
that  illustrated  ia  the  accompanying  engravings,  and  designed  to  secure  the  threefold 
object  of  providing  for  the  easy  cleansing  ol  the  glass  portion,  the  secure  retention  of 
tho  upper  in  place  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  lantern,  and  the  affixing  of  tho  ball  to  the 
top  of  the  lantern  in  a  durable  and  efficient  mnnner.  The  base  of  the  lantern  is  pro- 
vided with  the  usual  detachable  lamp,  and  at 
one  side  has  hinged  to  its  upper  edge  a  wire 
frame  designed  to  carry  and  protect  the  glass 
portion  or  body  of  the  lantern,  and  at  the  upper 
end  of  which  is  the  cylindrical  top,  perforated 
in  tho  ordinary  manner  to  permit  the  escape  of 
tho  products  of  combustion  from  the  lamp. 
Arranged  at  that  side  of  the  base  opposite  tho 

hinge  is  an  angular  spring-catch  so  applied  as  to  catch  over  the  annular  lower  rim  in 
the  wire  frame,  and.  in  conjunction  with  the  hinge,  to  hold  tho  said  frame  firmly  of 
place  upon  the  base  as  required  when  the  lantern  is  in  uso. 

This  Lantern  is  offered  as 

The    Best    and    Most    Desirable    in    Use, 

all  things  considered.    Its  prico  is  reasonable,  and  when  once  tried  no  other  will  be  accepted. 

Individuals,  Dealers,  Railroad  Companies,  and  all  persons  and  institutions  about  to  purchase  Lanterns, 
should  inquire  for  this  kind  ;  and  if  not  for  sale  in  your  locality,  addresB  the  inventor  for  circular  of  full  de- 
scription, price  list,  etc. 

Patented  August  10  and  December  28, I860,  by 

JOHN    HXTGHES. 

Address  1811  Sidney  street,  EaBt  Birmingham,  Pa.  3v23-2tam6m 

Samples  May  be  Seen  at  Wiester  &  Co.'s 

17  New  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES   HADE 

On  all  klntU  or  Ores,  and  pnrtlcnlar  attention 
PAID  TO 

IO.NSIGXM  KNTX  OF  GOODS. 

4vlS-3m 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 
SWANSEA. 

Richardson  A  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  yea™  established 


iiiv'.  nntl  Stile  of  Co 
other  Uros  mid  Metal 
hou»fn  anil  Wharvt 


h  thoy  have  extensive  Wa.ro- 
over.  1,000  foet  of  Quay  Froot- 


.  jay  rron 

thin  the.  Floating  Duck,  and  the  most  com  pie  to  5! 

and  Appliances.    Thoy  are  aluo  prepared  to  uu%\  . 

a  Hfc'iiinst  Urea  in  antidilution  of  realization,  and  to 


ape 

chinery  and  Apiiliniiccs.  They  arc  also  preimred  to  make 
advances  i^Minst.  Ores  in  antidilution  of  realization,  and  t- 
guarantee  all  paymunta  when  rwijuirnj.  S*£>~]y& 


C  AI^IXVV  JE  JGU'S 


Improved   Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  stroet,  San  Francisco. 
3v24-3m  WIT.  CALDWELL. 


CAST    STEEL     FILES. 

.Tohn  T.  Bunker  &  Co.'s— We  wish  to  inform 
Dealers  and  Iron  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  these 
celebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  superior  inducements 
to  introduce  them.     (22-v23-3m)         HOOKER  &  CO. 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

421   UonlKvmery  81.  up  atulra. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores, 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mineral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  U.  8.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallurgical 

CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil     Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mlnt> 

8i»  Francisco,  Cal.  7v21*3m 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  St.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

BIOTTE  «fc   LUCKIIABUT. 

Orel    < 'i-iihJu-tl,    Sampled    una    Akvuyed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  26v21-3m 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    fiia    CALIFORNIA.    8TBEET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Fbancibco. 

J.   A.    MARS,   Assayer. 

8^"  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v20 


o.  w.  STRONG. 


W.  L, STRONG 


C.   W.   STRONG   Sl   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 

Wo  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  "Wire,  Etc,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M   RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22vlS 


ALL   NEW   AND    OLD    PROCESSES 


Mining,  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately   described   and   discussed,   and   the 

I^atest    lN"e-vrs 

From  American  and  Foreign  Mines ;  together  with  the 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  the  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Club, 

and  other  Scientific  BodieB,  and 

WEEKLY    POPULAR    ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
Will  be  found  in  tho 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R.  W.  RAYMOND  and  W.  P.  WARD,  Editors. 

Subscription,  $4,  currency,  per  annum ;  $2.26  for  six 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Oompany, 

WTLLARD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Row,  New  York. 
P.  O.  Bos  4404.  25v23-tf 


AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Boasting    Re"bellioxis    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  Is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxypUzation  of  the  sulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  Sctenttfio  Puesb  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONKOE    THOMSON, 

At  444  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  5v23-3m 


96 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  io,  1872. 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  1860,  this  weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country.  . 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  m  the 
■world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  oi 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFOENIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  Summabt.  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  TJ.  S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incorporations,  Shark  Mar- 
ket. Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  (with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assavtng,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPTJLAB  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  andjprofit- 
able  at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


PACIFIC  RURAL  PRESS, 

A    FIRST-CLASS 

Illustrated  Agricultural  Paper. 

It  Is  one  of  the  Largest,  best  Illustrated  and  most  Original 

and  Enterprising  Agricultural  Journals  in  America, 

and  has  no  rival  on  the  western  side  of  the 

Continent.    Its  circulation  is  Rapidly 

Increasing,  and  it  is  Very 

Popular  with  it3 

Patrons. 

A.  NEW  HU8BA.NDRY, 

as  It  were,  is  required  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  account  oFits 
peculiar  Beasons,  soil,  climate  and  topography.  The  new 
discoveries,  ideas,  and  useful  hints  evolved  in  its  rapid 
progress,  are  to  be  observed  with  interest,  and  read,  as  re- 
ported in  the  Pacific  Rural,  with  profit  by  practical  and 
progressive  agriculturists  everywhere.  Sample  copies  of 
the  Press,  post  paid,  10  cts.    Subscription,  $4  a  year. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 
No.  338  Montgomery  St..  San  Francisco.  Cal.    Nov.,  1871 


COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Press  can  be  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol,  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  und  best  information  on  mining  and 
the  industry  of  this  coast  of  any  work  published. 

Also — Bound  volumes  of  the  Pacific  Rural  Press 
furnished  at  same  rates  from  its  commencement. 


Dewey    &   Co.,    U.    S.    and 
Foreign  Patent  Solicitors 
and  Counsellors,  Scien- 
tific     Press     Office. 
Principal    Agency 
for  the  Pacific 
States.    Es- 
tablished 
i860. 

Oun  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent  Agenoy  presents 
many  and  important  advantages  as  a  Home  Agency  over 
all  others  by  reasons  of  long  establishment,  great  expe- 
rience, thorough  system,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  subjects  of  inventions  in  our  own  community. 
All  worthy  inventions  patented  through  our  Agency  will 
have  the  benefit  of  an  illustration  or  a  description  in  the 
Scientific  Press.  We  transact  every  branch  of  Patent 
Business,  and  obtain  Patents  in  all  civilized  countries. 
The  large  majority  of  U.  S  and  Foreign  Patents  granted 
to  inventors  on  the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  obtained 
through  our  Agency.  We  can  give  the  best  and  most 
reliable  advice  as  to  the  patentability  of  new  inventions. 
Advice  and  Circulars  free.  Our  prices  are  as  low  as 
any  first-class  agencies  in  the  Eastern  States,  while  our 
advantages  for  Pacific  Coast  inventors  are  far  superior. 

Engraving  on  Wood,  of  every  kind,  for  illustrating 
machinery,  buildings,  trade  circulars,  labels,  plain  or  in 
eolors,  designed  and  cut  in  the  best  style  of  the  art  by 
expertB  in  our  own  office.     Also,  engraving  on  metals. 

DEWEY  &   CO., 

Publishers,  Patent  Agents,  anil   Fiiftrnvera* 

No.  338  Montgomery  st.,  San  Francisoo,  Cal. 


ACTIVE  MEN! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
o(  era  the  SOIENTIFIO  PKESS  and  the  PACIFIC  KU- 
KAI,  PRESS,  No.  414  Clay  street,  S.  F.j 


NATHAN    &.    DREYFUS' 

PATENT    SELF -OILERS 

And    Cylinder    Cups 

Save  from  75  to  95  per  cent,  of  Oil.  No  better  investment  for  the  amount 
can  be  made  by  any  person  having  machinory  or  running  shafting.  They 
are  bo  well  known  as  to  need  no  description.  All  the  trouble  of  "oiling  up" 
is  avoided.  There  is  ne  waste  of  oil,  and  no  cans  are  needed.  A  single  trial 
will  prove  their  value. 

We  will  put  them  into  any  mill,  and  if  not  perfectly  satisfactory,  they 
may  be  returned  at  our  expense,  and  the  price  will  be  refunded.  We  have  a 
large  stock  on  hand,  of  all  sizes,  adapted  to  all  descriptions  of  boxes. 

Send  for  Price  LiBt  and  Circular. 

TREAD-WELL    &    CO., 

lv24-eow-tf  Corner  Fremont  and  Market  Streets,  San  Francisco. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    S    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  In  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BAJVJK.     BLASTING,     COAL     MINES, 

AND    FOE    ALL    STJOH    WOBK    WHERE    THE    HOCK    IS    NOT    VERT    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

Price.    SO  Cents  per    round.. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office. 


A.    NEW    BOOK. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and 
Metallurgists'  Companion. 

The  Most  Practical  and  Comprehensive  Work 
on  Mining  Subjects  Extant. 

Comprising  640  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 

BY  J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Of  San  Francisco,  a  Practical  Operator  for  Thirty-four 

Yearn;  Explorer,  and  Resident  in  the  Pacific  States 

and  Territories  for  tt:e  paat  Six  Years. 

Now  issued  and  for  sale  by  DEWEY  &  00„ 
Patent  Agents,  Publishers  "  Scientific  Press. 

Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  \a- 

rious    Departments    of    Exploration, 

Mining,  Engineering,  Assaying, 

and  Metallurgy. 

Geological   Formations   of   the   Primitive   Earth,    iti 

Secondary  Rocks,  its  Mineral  Veins,  Minerals, 

Metals,  Coal  Fields,  Etc.,  Etc. 

General  Composition  and  Peculiarities  of  Mineral  "Veins 

Their  Comportment  with  Each  Other,  and  with 

Cross  Courses,  Dikes,  and  Slides. 

Geological    Characteristics    of    the    Most    Extensive 

Mining  Districts. 
Exploration  for,  and  Examination  of,  Mineral  Veins. 
Discrimination  and  Assay  of    Minerals,  hy  the  inoBt 

Available  and  Practical  Methods. 
Mining  and  Mechanical  Engineering,  Above  and  Below 
the  Surface,  for  Dressing  of  Ores, 
Deep  Mining,  Etc. 
Assorting,  Crushing,  and  Concentration  of  Ores. 
The   BeBt   Methods   for   Reducing  the  Minerals  and 
Metals  to  a  Marketable  Condition,  by  Roast- 
ing, Milling,  Chlorinizing,  Smelting, 
and  by  Chemical  Treatment. 
The   Continually   Recurring,   Unnecessary   Errors,  In 
Mining  and  Metallurgy. 

PRICE,  bound  in  eloth,  $10  (in  coin  or  its  equivalent) . 
In  leather,  $12.  Postage,  50  cents  extra.  Address  nil 
orders  (wholesale  or  retail)  to 

DEWEY   &    CO., 

Scientific  Press,  338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


SHEET    IRON    3?i:PE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  A8PHAI/TUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  Bame  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  tho  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  OAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  Bizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

S&~  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


SATV    FBAJVCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 
PHELPS    BROTHERS,   Proprietors, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  KINDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts, 

13  and  1G  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


w. 


T.  GA.RRATT  &  CO 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Mission  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANTTFAOTUIIEBS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

CASTINGS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN  AND  ,AN1>  KK1,I,S,  OONU8, 
FIRE  ENGINES,  F0R0E  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur. 
nished  with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Mamifac- 
turer  of  "  Garratt's  Patont  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

B^Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GAHRATT,  JAMES   nTX.LTM.IN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPATJXDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTUBEB  OF 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  he  the  moBt  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each   Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


bulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  ROYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street,    ' 
San  Francisoo. 

MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

W.  E.  L00MIS, 

$4  00 

3  00 

5  00 

6  00 
15  00 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansomeand 

Washington  streets, 

SUPPLIES  ALL 

tlarper's  Weekly 

All  the  Year  Round.. 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BT  THE 

Year,  Month,  or  Number 

w.  H.  goiuitll,  Pres't. 


o.  h.  gorrill,  Sec'y. 


Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  Wooden  and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  specifications  furnished  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  sent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  stone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

Address  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

8v2-3m-eow  Oakland  Col. 


Travelers'  Guide. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

February    1st,  1873- 


San  Francisco  &  Sacramento.' 

LEAVE     |    LEAVE.  ■  AEKIVE. 

,00pm     7.00am  ....San  Francisco..  8.30pm 

4.3&PM      7.35AM  ....Oakland 8.00pm 

4.U)pmI    7.5U;am  ...  San  Jose ..  8.30pm 

.Niles ■  7.05pm 

-Stockton 4.07  pm 

. Sacramento  ....  1  2.20  p  m 

LEAVE. 


LEAVE. 


7.10  P  M 

8.30  P  M 

ARRIVE, 


San  Francisco  &  San  Jose. 


LEAVE. 

3.00  pm 

4.40  pm 

5.30  PM 

AltltlVE. 


.■San  Francisco.. 

..NUee 

..San  Jose 


ARRIVE. 

10.40  am 
8.35  am 
7.i0am 

LEAVE. 


ARRIVE. 

"2.20  P  M 
1.50  PM 
2.10  fu 

12.45  P  M 
9.07  P  M 
7.15  a  M 

LEAVE. 

ABRIVE. 


Stockton.  Lathrop    &  Merced. 


5.30  p  m 
4.10  pm 

LEAVE. 


LEAVE.  LEAVE. 

17.35  PM 
8.25  pm 
9.45  PM 
12.15  am 
ARRIVE. 


.Stockton.. 
.  .Lathrop... 
..Modesto... 
..Merced... 


;uoam 

8.13  am 
5.45  AM 
LEAVE. 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Eeno  &  Og-den. 


*8.20pm 
6.45  pm 
3.30  PM 

LEAVE. 


LEAVE. 
2,110  P  M 
5.15  PM 

12.45  am 
9.10  am 

12.00  m 
4.40  pm 
6.20  AM 

ARRIVE. 


..Sacramento 

..Colfax 

.  -Reno 

..Winnemucca 

..Battle  Mountain 

..Elko 

..Ogden 


ARRIVE. 
".MIOPM 
1(1.20  AM 
2.111  AM 

4.15  PM 
1.25  P  M 
8.  45  AM 
5 '20  pm 

I     LEAVE. 


Sacramento,  Marysville    &   Red  Bluff. 


L  EAVE. 
"8.45  AM 
10.25  A  M 

1.50  pm 
8.00  pm 


ARRIVE 


LEAVE. 
2.35  PM 
3.25  PMl 
5.-f5  p  M 
B.35  p  M 
9.30  pm 
ARRIVE. 


..Sacramento  . 

..Junction 

.. Marys  ville.... 

..Tehama 

..Rod  Bluff.... 


12.15  pm, 
10.20  am 
6,S0am| 

6.00  am! 
LEAVE. 


3.25  PM 
12.00  M 
5.30  AM 

LEAVE. 


San    Francisco,   Vallejo    &   Calistoga. 


Leave 

Leave 

"4.30  I'  M 

7.30  A  M 

6.30  1*  M 

8.30  A  M 

7.28  PM 

10.40  A  M 

9.10  PM 

1.00  pm 

Arrive 

Arrive 

..  .San  Francisco. 

...Vallejo 

..  .Napa 

...Caliatoga 


Arrive. 
8.00  p  M 
6.05  P  M 
4.60  P  M 
3.00  P  M 
Leave. 


Arrive. 
U&lfi  P  M 

10.30  p  M 
9.30  p  M 
8.00  A  M 
Leave. 


San  Francisco,  Vallejo  &  Knight's  Landing-. 


Leave 

1-7.30  A  M 
9.35  A  M 

12.05  PM 
1.00  P  N 

Arrive 
Leave 


Leave 

"4.(10  P  M 
6.35  pm 
10.10  pm 
11.45PM 
Arrive 


..Sun  Francisco.. 

,  .Valid jo 

,  .Davis 

, .  Knight's  Land'g 


Arrive  I 
•1U.15PM 

10.30  pm 
7.10  p  M 
5.30  A  m| 

Leave 


San  Francisco  &  Healdsburg. 

4,2.00pm  ....San  Francisco.  ..  *11.00ah 

4.35  p  m Donahue 8.45  A  M 

5.(10  p  M   .  • .  .Potaluma 8.20  A  M 

6.00  pm  ....Santa  Rosa 7.30AM 

6.45pm  ....Healdsburg 6.45am 

Stockton,   Milton  &  Oak  Dale. 

Leave  Arrive 

'11.25am  — Stockton *4.25pm|. 

Peters 3.02pm  . 

Milton 2.12  PMl. 

Oak  Dale.. 


■rive 

JS.OO  P  M 
6.05  PM 
3.3*  i  p  M 
2.30  p  m 
Leave 

Arrive 


12.12pm 
1.32  p  M 
1.44  rni 

Arriv 


Leave 


CAL.  P.  R.  R.  CO.'S  STEAMERS. 

Leave.  I  Leave,  i  i  Arrive.  I  Arrive. 

*4.00  p  m*4.00  p  M  ...  .San  Francisco.. . .  MO.OO  p  M  *8.00  p  M 

6.00  PM  I....  Vallejo 6.00  PM 

7.00pm    6.00pm,. ...Benicia H.OOpsI     5.00pm 

2.00  am  ....Stockton 2.00  pm  

2.00  am  ....  Sacramento 12.00  M. 

Arrive.  |  Arrive.  I  |    Leave.  I  Leave. 

Explanation. 

For  trains  running  "from"  San  Francisco,  take  the  left 
hand  columns  and  read  downwards,  or  "Eastward." 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  tho 
right  hand  columns  and  read  upwards,  or  '  Westward. " 

OAKLAND  BRANUH.- Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00, 
8  10,  9  2",  10  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  10.  1  50,  3  00,  4  00,  5  15, 630,  8  06 
9.20  and  *11  36  p.  m.    (!)  20,  1 1  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  "5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  ra. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5  40,  6,50,  8  00,  910.  10  00,  and  1110  a. 
m.,  1200,  1  40,  2  50.  3  SO.  5  05,  i;  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH. -Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  CO, 
and  1 1 15  a.  ra.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  00  p.  m.  (7  10, 11 15,  and 
5  30.  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  Hayw-aiids,  "4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  in. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m.,  130, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  ra. 

"Sundays  excepted.       f  Sundays  only. 


T.  H.  GOODMAN, 

Gen'l  Pass'er  and  Ticket  Agt. 


A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gon'l  Supt. 


Hubbard,   Lippincott,    Bakewell  &    Co., 


J.  E,  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  are  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  LippcncoU  £■ 
Ihdlle's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  o 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbard  Bro.  &  Co.  and  Lippencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADES. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Const  will  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest  Market  Prices, 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

8^~  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  address 

HUBBARD,  LIPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
mall-lCp-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MIIVIIVG    BUREAU 


Pacific   Coast, 


Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Consulate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Building),  Room  32,  Thirdfloor. 

J.  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.  Hutchtns,  secretary. 

N.  B.— Application  for  Registry,  nr  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre* 
tory,  San  Francisco  office. 


Industrial    Progress, 


iiuttg,   ^rchithu 


BY    I>EWEY    *    CO.; 

Patent    H(»Ucllor«i. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  17,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
A'umber    "7. 


The  Chlorination  Pi'ocess. 

We  hare  at  different  times  givon  ac- 
counts of  this  process,  which  is  based  on 
tho  property  of  metallic  gold  being  changed 
into  a  soluble  chloride  of  gold  when  in 
contact  with  chlorine  gas,  and  many  of 
our  readers  aro  familiar  with  its  detail.  A 
description,  however,  of  how  to  bo  sure  of  a 
result  on  a  largo  scale  will  be  interesting, 
since  it  iscosy  to  make  an  experiment  with  20 
or  30  pounds  of  aulphurets  or  ore.  The 
chloride  of  gold  can  be  dissolved  in  water, 
separated  from  the  ore  by  lixiviation,  and 
and  then  precipitated  in  a  metallic  condi- 
tion by  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron. 
Mr.  Kustel,  in  his  "  Roasting  of  Gold  and 
Silver  Ores,"*  gives  the  following  inter- 
esting method  of  making  the  test  alluded 
to  above: 

The  named  quantity  must  be  roasted 
first,  and  it  is  the  most  difficult  task,  re- 
quiring either  a  small  furnace  or  a  great 
deal  of  patience,  especially  when  small 
charges  are  treated  on  a  large  piece  of 
sheet  iron,  having  a  charcoal  fire  beneath. 
In  either  ease  the  sulphur  must  be  driven 
out  perfectly,  so  that  whon  in  a  glowing 
condition,  no  smell  of  sulphurous  acid 
can  bo  observed.  When  finished,  a  scruple 
is  taken  for  an  assay,  and  the  roasted  stuff 
moistened  with  water,  after  the  weight  of 
the  whole  has  been  noted. 

A  common  water  bucket  is  then  pre- 
pared to  receive  the  moistened  ore,  which 
must  not  be  too  wet,  but  only  moist 
enough  to  allow  its  being  sifted.  On  the 
bottom  of  the  bucket,  a,  (See  Fig.)  some 
clean  rock  or  broken  glass  is  placed  about 
two  inches  deep,  and  covered  with  a  piece 
of  moistened  canvas.  A  short  glass  pipe, 
c,  two-eighths  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  is 
inserted  close  above  the  bottom. 

The  ore,  d,  is  then  introduced,  filling  up 
two-thirds  or  less  of  the  space  as  loosely 
as  possible,  and  covered  with  a  wooden  or 
iron  cover  and  pasted  all  around  with 
dough.  The  cover  ia  provided  with  a 
short  glass  tube,  like  c,  to  which  au  india 
rubber  tube,  /,  for  carrying  the  gas  out  of 
the  room  is  attached.  Both  glass  tubes,  c 
and  f,  must  be  likewise  secured  with 
dough. 

The  chlorine  gas  is  generated  in  a  glass 
vessel,  A.  There  are  two  corks  in  it, 
each  having  a  glass  tube,  as  represented 
in  the  drawing.  The  cork,  I,  is  removed 
and  the  vessel  charged  with  3  ounces  of 
peroxide  of  manganese,  4  ounceB  of  com- 
mon salt,  and  4%  ounces  of  water — all  of 
which  are  well  mixed.  The  cork  is  inserted 
again  and  well  secured  with  dough.  Anoth- 
er vessel,  B,  provided  with  two  necks, 
contains  water  as  indicated  by  g  ;  the  glass 
tube,  h,  dips  about  one-half  inch  into  the 
water.  The  corks  are  made  air  tight  like 
the  others  in  A.  The  whole  apparatus  is 
now  joined  together  by  rubber  pipe,  n  and 
o,  fitting  tightly  to  the  glass  tubes.  Hav- 
ing all  thus  prepared,  7  %  ounces  of  sul- 
phuric acid  are  poured  through  the  safety- 
tube,  ra,  but  only  in  small  portions  and  at 
intervals.  When  the  bubbling  of  the 
water  at  g,  in  the  vessel  B,  is  not  lively 
enough,  some  more  acid  is  introduced, 
and  finally  the  temperature  raised  by  an 
alcohol  lamp.  If  all  the  joints  have  been 
luted  carefully  with  dough,  not  the  slight- 
est inconvenience  will  be  met  with.  The 
chlorine  gas  from  the  generator,  A,  is 
forced  through  the  water  in  B,  and  by 
this  means  washed  from  muriatic  acid. 
Through  the  ;pipe,  o,  it  enters  the  bucket 
and  ascends  slowly  till  it  reaches  the  cover, 
escaping  then  through  the  rubber  pipe,  F, 
where  it  must  be  examined  from  time  to 
time  by  dipping  a  glass  rod  into  ammonia 


and  holding  it  to  tho  end  of  tho  pipo,  .r, 
which  leads  out  of  the  room.  In  contact  with 
the  chlorine  the  ammonia  evolves  white 
fnmes,  and  chlorine  can  be  detected  by 
these  means  wherever  it  may  eacape.  The 
gas  is  allowed  to  pass  through  the  bucket 
aa  long  as  chlorine  is  created.  In  this 
condition,  by  stopping  up  the  pipe,  x,  if 
no  moro  chlorine  is  evolved  tho  apparatus 
may  stand  until  the  next  day.  The  cover 
ia  then  removed,  the  pipe,  o,  taken  off,  a 
clean  glasa  or  porcelain  vessel,  as  indicated 
by  z,  placed  below  c,  and  warm  water  care- 
fully poured  over  the  ore  till  the  bucket 
appears  to  be  full.  The  solution  which 
comes  out  ate,  must  be  examined  at  times 
in  a  amall  tumbler  with  a  few  drops  of  a 
solution  of  sulphate  of  iron.  If  the  clear 
solution  remains  unchanged,  without  be- 
coming darker,. the  lixiviation  is  finished. 


The  Patent  Crab  Wrench. 

Tho  accompanying  cut  represents  the 
ratent  Crab  Wrench,  a  comparatively  re- 
cent invention,  but  one  which  is  coming 
into  extensive  use.  Its  peculiarity  con- 
siats  in  the  fact  that  it  will  grip  nuta  of  all 
8izes  without  loss  of  time  in  adjusting.  It 
will  not  slip,  for  the  more  presanre  that  is 
brought  to  bear,  tho  tighter  it  holds.  The 
head  is  made  in  two  parts  and  by  moving 
the  handle  one  way  it  opens,  and  by  turn- 
ing it  the  other,  it  closes  mechanically  and 
gives  the  user  the  advantage  of  a  leverage 
to  prevent  its  slipping.  It  can  be  uaed 
with   one   hand,  as   it  will  grip  the  nut  as 


A    CHLORINATING    APPARATUS. 


To  the  solution  in  the  vessel,  z,  a  few 
drops  of  muriatic  acid  and  then  sulphate 
of  iron,  or  green  vitrol,  (diasolved)  is 
added  and  stirred  with  a  glass  rod.  The 
whole  ia  allowed  to  stand  till  all  the  gold 
is  precipitated  and  the  liquid  ia  perfectly 
clear.  This  is  drawn  off  by  means  of  a 
syphon,  for  which  the  rubber  pipe,  x,  can 
be  used.  The  remaining  fluid  and  the 
precipitated  gold  ia  gathered  on   a  filter, 


soon  as  the  jaw  comes  in  contact  with  the 
nut  and  pressure  is  brought  to  bear  on  it 
by  turning  on  the  handle  and  closing  the 
jaws. 

An  important  feature  is,  that  the  wrench 
being  composed  of  three  pieces,  each  be- 
ing stamped  and  numbered  according  to 
the   size   of  the  wrench,  when   any  part 


THE     PATENT     CRAB    WRENCH. 


washed  with  warm  water  and  dried  with  the 
filter  in  a  porcelain  cup,  above  an  alcohol 
lamp.  The  filter  is  burned  either  free  or 
under  a  muffle,  care  being  taken  not  to 
lose  a  particle  of  the  filter  ashes  ;  mixed 
with  some  lead  it  is  then  cupelled  and  the 
gold  button  weighed.  A  comparison  with 
the  assay  shows  to  what  percentage  the 
chlorination  has  proceeded. 

•Published  in  1870  by  the  publisher  s  of  the  Scientific 
Press.    Price  by  mail  $2.50  coin,  or  $3  currency. 


Coal  Discovery. — The  Petaluma  Cres- 
cent says  that  a  ledge  of  coal  haa  been 
found  near  the  Guallala  river.  The  aoil 
on  the  mountain  aide  had  been  so  moist- 
ened by  the  heavy  rains  that  a  land  slide 
occurred,  and  laid  bare  a  bed  of  coal,  sup- 
posed to  be  of  considerable  extent.  A 
schooner  load  has  been  shipped  to  this 
city  to  be  subjected  to  test,  and  if  it  proves 
of  good  quality,  the  proprietor,  John 
Rutherford,  will  form  a  company  to  begin 
mining.  Coal  is  known  to  exist  in  the 
Coast  range,  but  that  heretofore  discov- 
ered has  been  of  inferior  quality. 


The  New  Eureka  Mill  was  to  have 
started  up  this  week.  It  ia  the  largest 
mill  of  the  kind  on  the  Coast,  and  when 
in  good  order  is  expected  to  crush  from 
150  to  200  tons  of  ore  per  day. 


wears  out  it  may  be  replaced  for  a  trifling 
expense,  without  the  necessity  of  buying  a 
new  one.  Its  self- adjusting  properties, 
rendering  it  effective  for  quick  work,  are 
great  recommendations  in  its  favor.  A 
look  at  the  tool  will  satisfy  any  one  of 
its  utility.  There  are  four  sizes  made, 
which  will  grip  from  a  3-inch  nut  down. 
They  may  be  seen  at  Linforth,  Kellogg  & 
Co.'s,  Nos.  3  and  5  Front  street,  in  this 

city.     ^._.^. 

A  Gold  Mine  in  San  Francisco.— The 
workmen  while  quarrying  rock  on  Broad- 
way atreet,  between  Kearny  and  Montgom- 
ery, laat  week,  found  a  small  quartz  vein 
containing  some  tracea  of  gold.  A  blast 
was  exploded  in  order  to  get  at  its  dimen- 
sions, but  the  loose  rock  and  dirt  have  cov- 
ered the  whole  thing  up  so  that  it  will  have 
to  be  carted  away  before  any  "  ore  "  can  be 
extracted.  There  have  been  a  number  of 
discoveries  of  both  gold  and  silver  in 
small  quantities  on  the  peninsula  of  San 
Francisco,  but  none  of  them  ever  amounted 
to  anything  and  very  few  suppose  that  this 
will. 


The  snow  blockade  still  continues  and 
reports  conflict  aa  to  when  the  long  delayed 
mails  will  arrive. 


Cleveland  and  Sierra  Hydraulic  Min- 
ing Co. — This  Company  at  Scales  Dig- 
gings, Sierra  County,  are  using  2,000 
inches  of  water,  and  running  night  and 
day,  employing  12  mon.  They  use  one  of 
Craig's  old  and  one  of  the  new  Universal 
joint  pipes,  with  nozzle  5%  inches,  with 
streams  under  200  feet  pressure.  They 
have  been  running  about  30  daya  and  will 
soon  clean  up  for  the  first  time  thia  sea8on. 
Thia  company  have  about  130  acres  of 
gravel  in  the  old  channel  and  where  they 
are  working  now  it  is  from  40  to  200  feet 
deep,  and  but  a  small  portion  worked. 
The  Sierra  Co.  are  working  another  set  of 
hydraulic  claims  at  Council  Hill,  about 
two  miles  from  Scales,  and  four  miles 
from  Brandy  City,  where  they  use  1,000 
inches  of  water,  two  streams,  one  with  a 
'■:■' '. ,  and  the  other  ai;;  in.  nozzle,  old  stylo 
pipe,  under  275  feet  pressure;  employ  five 
men.  The  stock  is  owned  partly  by  resi- 
dents of  Cleveland,  Ohio.  The  company 
own  several  ditches,  which  supply  an 
abundance  of  water.  The  water  season  is 
unusually  early  this  year,  and  the  pros- 
pects are  very  good  for  late  runs,  there 
being  a  heavy  body  of  very  compact  snow 
on  th"e  mountains.  CoL  A.  F.  Williams  of 
the  above  named  company  informs  us  that 
the  prospects  are  fine  for  an  unusually 
good  season  with  the  miners  in  Sierra 
County. 

Wastage  of  the  Precious  Metals.— 
Some  months  ago  we  published  several 
letters  on  the  above  subject,  from  the 
pen  of  Mr.  Almarin  B.  Paul,  which  were  ex- 
tensively copied  and  commented  upon  by 
the  press  of  not  only  the  Pacific  coast  but 
the  Atlantic. 

These  letters  have  been  revised  by  Mr. 
Paul,  and  much  statistical  matter  added 
thereto — a  large  portion  of  which  is  com- 
piled from  the  many  letters  received  by  him , 
from  practical  miners  and  mill-men.  The 
facts  as  set  forth  clearly  establish  the 
enormous  waste  daily  going  on,  especially 
in  our  gold  mines  and  which  should 
arouse  the  mining  community  to  a  sense 
of  their  loss  and  an  effort  to  stay  it. 

Silver  in  San  Bernardino  Co.— The 
Los  Angeles  News  chronicles  the  discov- 
ery of  rich  and  extensive  silver-bearing 
ledges  in  the  Blue  Mountains,  San  Ber- 
nardino Co.  The  range  is  about  25  milea 
east  of  Lane's  Crossing,  Mojave  Valley. 
One  of  the  ledges  has  been  traced  for  five 
miles  in  length,  and  varies  from  ten  to  sixty 
feet,  cropping  out  in  many  places  fifteen 
feet  above  the  ground.  The  casings  are 
slate,  lime  and  trap  rock.  The  same  for- 
mation extends  for  a  mile  west  of  the  main 
ledge,  and  contains  a  number  of  smaller 
ledges.  Some  old  and  experienced  miners 
who  have  seen  them,  according  to  the 
News,  declare  them  to  be  the  most  massive 
ledges  they  have  ever  known.  A  piece  of 
the  rock  is  said  to  have  assayed  $87  per 
ton. 


Sales.  —  The  Independent,  Mountain 
Rose,  Miners'  Dream  and  Eagle  mines, 
Stockton  District,  Utah,  have  been  aold  to 
New  York  parties  at  good  figures. 


98 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  17,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Universal  Crop  Reports. 

Eds.  Press: — An  article  from  your  jour- 
nal has  been  extensively  copied  bythe.lead- 
ing  papers  on  this  Coast.  Xou  attribute 
■  therein  the  suggestion  of  having  our  Gov- 
ernment obtain  the  condition  of  crops 
throughout  the  world  by  telegraphic  agency 
to  Lieut.  Maury.  In  several  numbers  of 
the  Examiner  I  advanced  the  idea  that  such 
information  should  be  given  by  all  nations 
as  a  duty  to  humanity  and  that  our  gov- 
ernment should  ask  it  under  the  provisions 
of  an  international  treaty.  I  send  you  a 
copy  of  the  Examiner  of  July  7,  1870,  in 
•which  you  will  find  my  views  at  length 
and  which  may  deserve  republication  in 
your  journal.  In  addition  I  have  to  state 
that  at  my  request  our  Senator,  Hon.  Eu- 
gene Casserly,  laid  the  matter  before  the 
authorities  at  Washington  giving  my  views 
long  ago  a  favorable  endorsement. 

Philip  A.  Eoaoh. 

The  following  is  the  article  from  the 
Examiner  above  alluded  to: 

The  wheat  crop  is  the  engrossing  sub- 
ject of  attention  in  the  Old  and  New  world. 
We  have  had  reports  by  telegraph  of  short 
crops  in  several  countries  on  the  Euro- 
pean continent,  which  caused  in  the  pres- 
ent month  much  active  speculation  in  the 
grain  markets  of  our  country.  To  what 
extent  a  deficiency  of  supply  to  meet 
the  demand  may  exist  has  not  been  relia- 
bly established.  Conflicting  interests  are 
at  work,  and  the  uncertainty  of  the  reports 
is  doing  great  damage  to  the  classes  who 
should  meet  each  other  on  the  basis  of  ob- 
taining a  just  equivalent  under  a  truthful 
statement  of  facts. 

Our  people  as  producers,  having  an  im- 
mense surplus,  are  placed,  by  the  condi- 
tion of  affairs,  in  the  position  of  supply- 
ing the  wants  of  millions  with  abundance 
at  prices  that  will  well  remunerate  them 
without  exacting  famine  rates  from  those 
whose  crops  have  partially  failed.  Our  im- 
mense area  of  territory  sowed  in  grain  is  ac- 
curately stated  annually,  according  to  the 
most  reliable  data,  by  our  Agricultural 
Department  at  Washington.  The  yield  of 
the  various  cereals  may  be  estimated_  with 
considerable  exactness  and  were  we  con- 
fined to  a  home  demand  the  well-known 
law  of  consumption  would  permit  the 
money  value  of  the  crop  to  be  at  once  esti- 
mated, and  rates  per  cental  of  various 
grains  easily  established.  The  home 
market,  however,  is  always  kept  in  a  fluc- 
tuating condition  by  the  probable  foreign 
demand;  in  consequence,  prices  rule 
higher  to  our  own  consumers,  and  specu- 
lation often  runs  wild  in  the  expectation 
of  a  great  demand  from  abroad  which 
comes  not. 

California  has  suffered  largely  from  the 
uncertainty  of  foreign  production  in  the 
countries  with  which  we  compete.  Such 
erroneous  reports  have  frequently  disturb- 
ed our  market,  and  vessels  have  been  de- 
tained here  because  cargoes  could  not  be 
procured  early  in  the  season.  Our  farm- 
ers expected  higher  prices  than  the  grain 
purchasers  here  were  allowed  to  give  by 
their  orders.  Later,  after  a  heavy  bill  of 
storage  was  incurred,  our  farmers  have 
sold  at  lower  prices  than  could  have  been 
obtained  at  an  earlier  period.  This  loss  in 
money  value  falling  on  our  farmers  was  a 
general  one  to  the  State. 

There  is  an  easy  remedy  for  the  evil 
which  our  Government  can  apply  in  a  few 
weeks.  We  have  in  all  the  great  grain- 
growing  regions  of  Europe,  Consular 
agents,  who,  even  now,  in  the  course  of 
thirty  days,  could  ascertain  the  condition 
of  crops  in  their  respective  districts,  and 
inform  the  Agricultural  Department  at 
Washington  of  what  surplus  over  con- 
sumption could  be  spared.  This  news, 
imparted  by  telegraph  to  our  people, 
would  be  reliable  enough  to  enable  them 
to  obtain  fair  prices,  by  meeting  the  de- 
mand, and  not  withholding  from  sale  in 
expectation  of  getting  rates  not  warranted 
by  the  actual  condition  of  crops  in  other 
countries. 

It  may  be  said  that  private  enterprise 
now  performs  this  duty,  but  no  matter 
how  well  performed,  people  will  not  act 
upon  it,  and  even  among  the  most  in- 
terested and  intelligent  classes  there  are 
believers  and  doubters  of  every  report.  It 
wants  the  impartial  action  of  Government. 
We  publish  to  the  world  our  supply,  and 
. .  give  data  to  what  an  extent  we  will  have 
a  surplus  ;  other  nations  ought  to  do  the 
same,  by  our  friendly  invitation.  From 
many  reasons  we  will  find  a  hearty  co- 
operation that  will  resul  t  in  mutual  benefit. 

Every  government   ha3  an  interest  in 


having  the  truth  in  regard  to  its  food  sup- 
ply known.  If  over  abundant  it  wants  the 
surplus  purchased  by  its  neighbors.  If 
short,  its  duty  to  its  mission  requires  that 
commerce  should  be  invited  to  supply  the 
deficiency  in  order  that  hunger  may  not 
produce  discontent  and  revolution.  There 
should  be  an  international  obligation  to 
perform  this  duty.  The  ships  that  brave 
the  seas  ought  to  know  by  governmental 
assistance  whither  to  go  for  food  and 
where  to  return  with  it.  Now  they  seek 
markets  that  prove  not  to  be  the  cheapest 
— now  they  bring  grain  where  there  is 
little  demand  for  it,  and  pecuniary  loss 
follows  their  enterprise  instead  of  profit. 
Our  Agricultural  Department  is  well 
organized  for  one  branch  of  its  service, 
and  renders  immense  benefit  to  our  peo- 
ple. It  tells  us  what  we  have  produced, 
but  it  should  go  further ;  by  means  of  our 
Consular  corps  it  should  in  time  tell 
whither  we  should  send  our  surplus,  and 
thus  perform  a  duty  which  would  confer 
on  agriculture  what  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ments, by  means  of  its  Consular  agents, 
is  enabled  to  do  for  commerce.  The  cost 
of  organizing  thoroughly  the  system  would 
be  a  mere  nothing.  The  cost  of  telegraph- 
ing the  results  would  be  very  trifling,  and 
the  benefit  would  be  that  millions  of 
farmers,  ,who  are  the  backbone  of  the 
nation,  would  have  accurate  information 
on  which  to  act  early  in  the  season  before 
the  canals  are  closed  by  weather  in  some 
regions  ;  and  in  all,  before  storage  and  in- 
terest ate  up  their  profits. 

Humboldt  Comity  Mining  Matters. 

Editors  Press: — Not  having  seen  any 

notice  of  this  district  for  some  time  in  your 

valuable  paper,  I   thought  it    might    be 

well  to  send  you  a  few  items  in  regard 

to  it. 

At  Galena 

The  White  mine,  owned  by  John  O. 
Earl,  of  San  Erancisco  and  H.  Knowles, 
is  taking  out  from  three  to  five  tons 
of  ore  a  day  which  assays  from  §350 
to  $450  per  ton.  The  mine  employs  a 
force  of  eight  men.  In  the  Original  Bat- 
tle Mountain  claim,  owned  by  Hon.  E. 
McBeth  &  Co.,  they  are  in  with  their  tun- 
nel about  350  feet  and  have  every  prospect 
of  success.  They  are  running  night  and 
day  and  expect  to  tap  their  ledge  in  about 
200  feet  more. 

The  Butte  property  having  fallen  into 
the  hands  of  Thompson,  one  of  the  origi- 
nal locators,  will  be  started  up  in  March 
or  April  and  will  no  doubt  prove  one  of 
the  best  mines  in  this  portion  of  the  State. 

The  English  Copper  Company  are  tak- 
ing out  from  five  to  seven  tons  of  high 
grade  copper  ore  a  day.  Their  mine  im- 
proves every  day,  both  in  quailty  and  in 
quantity.    At  the 

East  End  of  the  District 
The  Little  Giant  is  situated,  owned  by 
Gashwiler  and  others.  Cross  &  Co.  are 
the  agents.  The  mine  is  being  vigorously 
worked  by  them  under  the  management 
of  S.  T.  Heintzelman,  and  will  at  no  dis- 
tant day  prove  a  most  valuable  property. 
There  are  also  a  number  of  other  ledges: 
the  Yuba,  Mary,  Alaska,  and  Montrose 
lying  idle  for  the  winter,  but  will  no  doubt 
resume  work  in  the  spring. 

There  are  some  very  fine  deposits  of 
copper  in  this  portion  of  the  district 
which  would  yield  a  good  return  for  a 
small  investment,  but  men  with  capital 
always  like  to  go  as  far  from  home  as  they 
can;  still  it  will  not  be  long  before  they 
seek  for  mines  like  ours,  and  I  predict 
that  in  less  than  one  year  we  will  have  one 
of  the  most  flourishing  camps  in  this  por- 
tion of  the  State.  T.  F.  H. 

Battle  Mt.,  Feb.  6,  1872. 


The    Ramie    Interests. 

Perhaps  not  one-third  of  all  the  persons 
who  attended  the  late  State  Fair  had  their 
attention  directed  to  the  few  small  speci- 
mens of  ramie  cloth  that  were  unpre- 
tentiously on  exhibition,  and  of  all  the 
number  who  examined  it  but  a  small  pro- 
portion understood  its  real  value  and  its 
significance  among  the  future  products  of 
the  State.  As  specimens  of  strong  and 
elegant  fabrics  they  are  not  excelled  by 
any  cloth  except  that  made  of  silk,  and  but 
little  inferior  to  silk  in  beauty.  There  is 
an  interest  excited  in  the  production  of  a 
plant  that  produces  such  material,  and 
this  interest  must  increase,  since  the  few 
experiments  that  have  been  tried  demon- 
strate that  the  climate  and  soil  of  Califor- 
nia will  produce  the  ramie  in  perfection. 
The  cloth  on  exhibition  at  the  State  Fair 


consisted  of  many  patterns  for  dress  goods, 
some  made  of  ramie  entire  and  others 
mixed,  some  with  silk  and  some  with  cot- 
ton. There  is  no  article  superior  to  ramie 
for  productions  of  cheap  and  at  the  same 
time  elegant  and  durable  dress  goods,  and 
if  the  cultivation  of  it  on  a  large  scale 
shall  realize  the  expectation  that  the  ex- 
periments so  far  create,  the  time  is  not  far 
distant  when  ramie  cloth  should  be  as 
common  as  cotton.  At  the  Fair  there  was 
a  small  quantity  of  the  fibre  in  a  coarse 
state  on  exhibition.  Its  great  strength  is 
remarkable,  which  it  does  not  lose  when 
prepared  for  the  finest  fabrics.  Dress 
goods  as  fine  and  glossy  as  silk  can  scarcely 
be  torn  at  all  by  the  ordinary  effort. 
There  is  much  inquiry  relative  to  the 
plant  among  farmers,  and  we  understand 
there  is  a  ramie  company  in  San  Francisco 
that  disseminates  information  in  regard  to 
the  culture  of  the  plant  and  how  the  cut- 
tings can  be  obtained.  Farmers  must  not 
become  excited  on  the  subject  of  ramie 
cultivation.  It  is  possible  that  it  may 
prove  not  so  profitable  as  anticipated. 
Labor  may  be  too  dear,  and  unexpected 
difficulties  present  themselves  in  separat- 
ing and  preparing  the  fibre.  But  it  has 
qualities  that  commend  themselves,  and  all 
difficulties  must  in  time  be  overcome  and 
the  article  utilized.  That  it  promises  to 
become  an  important  production  of  the 
State  is  hardly  to  be  doubted. — Sac.  Union. 

Practical  Science   in  New   York. 

BY  OUR  NEW    YORK    EDITOR. 

Four  years  ago  last  ;  summer,  the  New 
York  Society  of  Practical  Engineering 
was  organized,  and  at  every  annual  session 
has  taken  hold  of  and  thoroughly  dis- 
cussed some  of  the  most  important  de- 
velopments of  the  period.  At  the  first 
meeting  the  present  writer,  Prof.  Henry 
Wirtz,  well  known  as  the  inventor  of 
' '  sodium  amalgam  "  and  the  discoverer, 
by  synthesis,  of  several  organic  com- 
pounds, read  an  elaborate  paper  on 
Natural    Gas    Fountains. 

It  appears  that  in  the  State  of  New  York 
alone  there  are  three  great  belts  of  gas- 
bearing  formations,  each  two  hundred 
miles  long,  an  average  of  ten  broad  and 
having  a  thickness  estimated  at  one  hun- 
dred feet.  This  would  support  three 
thousand  wells,  yielding  gas  equal  in  heat- 
ing power  to  fourteen  tons  of  anthracite 
daily,  for  one  hundred  years.  Similar 
formations  are  found  in  Canada,  Ohio 
and  Pennsylvania,  but  perhaps  the  most 
important  is  the  immense  area  of  the 
Devonian  and  Silurian  basins  of  the  Great 
Lakes  and  the  Mississippi  Valley,  where 
there  are  five,  perhaps  six,  great  beds  of 
such  rock. 

Some  of  the  gas  wells  give  a  most  enor- 
mous quantity  of  gas.  One  on  the  Little 
Kanawha,  nine  hundred^feet  deep  and  four- 
inch  bore,  has  a  two-inch  pipe  leading  from 
it  a  distance  of  a  mile,  where  it  feeds  the 
furnaces  of  twenty-eight  steam  boilers  of 
twelve-horse  power  each,  besides  fifty 
stores  and  a  large  number  of  jets  for 
illumination.  There  is  one  in  Ontario 
county,  N.  Y.,  500  feet  deep  and  five- 
inch  bore,  which  gave  a  flame  thirty  feet 
high,  the  flow  of  gas  being  about  five 
cubic  feet  per  second,  or  upwards  of  430,- 
000  per  day.  The  gas  is  nearly  equal  to 
six-candle  power.  At  Venango,  Pa.,  gas 
rises  from  wells  under  a  pressure  of  two 
hundrod  pounds  to  the  square  inch,  and 
instead  of  being  burned  under  a  boiler  is 
run  direct  into  engine  cylinders  in  lieu  of 
steam.  At  Erie,  Pa. ,  wells  can  be  sunk 
for  $1,500  which  will  give  gas  enough, 
burned  in  the  furnace  of  a  steam  genera- 
tor, to  produce  200  horse  power. 
Rock-Drilling  Machinery. 

At  the  same  meeting  Mr.  Robert  Meir, 
C.  E.,  gave  an  elaborate  account  of  the 
most  approved  drilling-machinery.  Among 
those,  Leschut's  famous  diamond  drill 
seems  to  hold  pre-eminence.  Leschut  was, 
it  seems,  not  only  the  first  to  apply  dia- 
mond-cutting to  rock,  but  also  the  first  to 
make  a  drill,  cutting  around  a  core  to 
be  afterwards  broken  out.  One  of  the 
very  first  applications  of  the  drill  direct 
to  the  piston  rod  was  in  1849,  and  now  it 
is  considered  the  simplest  and  best  for 
drilling  mechanism.  '  For  American  use 
small  machines,  capable  of  being  easily 
handled  and  not  likely  to  get  out  of  re- 
pair, are  most  needed. 


Imperfections  in  these  respects  unfit 
Sommeiller's  apparatus,  used  in  the  Mt. 
Cenis  Tunnel,  for  adoption  here.  These 
last  were,  as  is  well  known,  small 
percussive  drills,  operated  by  compressed 
air  in  their  engine  cylinders  in  lieu  of 
steam.  A  good  light  apparatus  has  been  in 
use  for  some  years  in  the  Eesseberg  mines 
in  Sweden.  The  drill  is  fed  by  hand  by 
a  screw,  and  makes  from  200  to 
350  blows  per  minute,  according  to 
the  hardness  of  the  rock.  The  drill, 
and  of  course  the  piston  to  which  it  is 
attached,  revolve  once  to  every  twenty-two 
strokes.  American  pneumatic  drilling 
machines,  of  which  there  are  several  varie- 
ties, are  in  no  wise  inferior  to  those  in  use 
abroad,  but  there  is  yet  ample  room  for 
inventors  to  devise  better  ones. 

The  writer  also  spoke  at  some  length 
of  the  deep  borings  made  for  water  in  va- 
rious parts  of  the  world.  We  quote  a  few 
items  that  seem  of  interest.  "  Our  govern 
ment,"  says  Mr.  Meir,  "has  made  several 
attempts  to  get  water  in  the  vast  plain  of 
Llano  Estacado,  near  the  border  of  Texas 
and  New  Mexico,  and  not  far  from  the 
Messilla  Valley.  In  1855,aparty  was  sent  out 
under  Captain  Pope  for  the  purpose  of  bor- 
ing for  water  in  this  region.  They  com- 
menced operation  about  20  miles  from  the 
Pecos  Eiver,  sinking  a  well  360  feet  deep, 
when  water  was  struck,  rising  in  the  tube 
70  feet.  On  continuing  their  operations  to 
a  depth  of  641  feet,  water  was  again  met 
with,  rising  400  feet. 

Not  many  miles  from  this  spot  they 
bored  another  well,  when  the  same 
veins  were  struck  as  in  the  first  well — 
finding  water  at  860  feet,  which  rose  750 
in  the  tubing." 

And  again: — "  The  natives  in  some  parts 
of  the  Great  Desert  of  Sahara  bored  wells 
with  success  to  a  depth  of  over  1,000  feet. 
An  increase  of  the  temperature  of  the 
water  in  these  deep  wells  has  become  an 
established  fact;  in  some  cases  the  in- 
crease has  been  1°  in  every  58%  feet  of 
depth. 

Pneumatic  Power  for  Street  Cars. 

At  the  latest  meeting  of  the  Society, 
President  James  A  Whitney  read  a  paper 
on  the  application  of  pneumatic  power  in 
the  propulsion  of  street  cars.  Prof.  Whit- 
ney spoke  with  especial  reference  to  the 
transit  necessities  of  New  York,  but  his  re- 
marks apply  to  other  cities  as  well.  For 
surface  roads  the  only  practically  feasible 
plan  of  pneumatic  propulsion  is  that  in 
which  the  cars  carry  tanks  of  compressed 
air  to  actuate  the  engines.  The  great  ob- 
stacle to  success  in  this  system  has  been 
the  freezing  of  moisture  contained  in  the 
air,  as  the  latter  expanded  in  the  cylin- 
inders.  To  compensate  for  the  heat  ren- 
dered latent  by  the  expansion  of  the  air,  it 
has  been  suggested  to  pass  the  compressed 
air  pipe  through  the  furnace  or  car  stove, 
between  the  tank  and  the  cylinders.  A 
better  mode  would  be  to  provide  the  cylin- 
ders with  jackets  communicating  direct 
with  the  interior  of  the  furnace.  This  ar- 
rangement would  be  needed  only  in  winter. 
In  summer  the  cooled  air  from  the  cylin- 
ders should  be  thrown  into  the  car  to  cool 
the  atmosphere  therein.  A  regulator 
should  always  be  used  to  enlarge  the  area 
of  the  cylinder  inlet  ports  inversely  to  the 
pressure  of  air  in  the  tanks  in  order  to  se- 
cure uniformity  in  the  power  of  the  pis- 
tons. Mr.  Whitney  also  made  reference 
to  the  several  modes  of  employing  pneu- 
matic power  to  the  propulsion  of  elevated 
and  underground  railways.  After  the  read- 
ing of  the  paper  a  lively  but  pleasant  dis- 
cussion sprang  up,  concerning  various 
plans  advocated  by  members.  One  of  the 
most  noticeable  of  the  items  elicited,  was 
from  the  venerable  Peter  Cooper,  who  took 
a  warm  interest  in  the  proceedings.  In 
the  use  of  spiral  fans  for  producing  an  air 
blast,  he  stated  that  in  the  locomotive  made 
by  him  in  1829,  the  first  ever  constructed 
in  an  American  workshop,  the  draft  in  the 
smoke  stack  was  produced  by  a  screw  or 
wheel  with  spiral  vanes  rotated  by  a  strap 
from  a  pulley  on  the  driving  axle.  It  drew 
the  shavings  right  through  from  the  fire- 
box to  the  top  of  the  chimney.  Another 
curious  thing  in  this  engine  was  that  the 
tubes  in  the  boiler  were  made  of  gun  bar- 
rels. At  a  late  hour  the  meeting  adjourned 
for  one  month. 

Our  Chief  Cities. — The  cities  which 
have  ascended  the  scale  in  population, 
proportionately  over  their  neighbors,  with- 
in ten  years,  are  St.  Louis,  Chicago,  San 
Francisco,  Washington,  Cleveland  and 
Jersey  City.  Those  which  have  faUen  be- 
low their  classification  of  ten  years  ago, 
are,  Baltimore,  Boston,  Cincinnati,  New 
Orleans,  Buffalo,  Newark,  Louisville,  De- 
troit and  Milwaukee.  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia, Brooklyn  and  Pittsburgh  main- 
tain the  same  relative  rank  they  did  in 
1860. 


February  17,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


99 


.ECHANICAL     $ROGRES& 


Asbestos  for  Piston  Packing. 

We  condense  the  following  from  the 
Engineer: — Few  engineers  who  have  to  do 
with  the  steam  engine  are  ignorant  of  the 
trouble  which  is  met  with  in  obtaining  a 
really  good  piston-rod  pinking.  Bound 
hemp,  properly  "  laid  up,"  and  copiously 
lubricated,  makes  a  tight  joint  for  a  time; 
but  the  period  of  tightness  is  usually 
short,  and  mnch  friction  results,  which  is 
very  prejudicial  in  small  engines.  If 
hemp  is  bad  in  the  case  of  low-pressure 
engines,  it  is  infinitely  worse  with  high 
steam.  A  slow  process  of  carbonization 
appears  to  go  on,  tho  hemp  packing  loses 
its  elasticity,  and  becomes  nearly  useless 
for  its  intended  purpo.se.  All  manner  of 
schemes  have  been  triod  to  get  over  the 
difficulty,  combinations  of  cotton,  india- 
rubber,  and  wire  gauze.  In  tho  latter 
case  the  tightness  of  the  joint  is  no  doubt 
secured  by  the  presence  of  water  and  oil 
lodged  in  the  meshes  of  the  gauze.  |  No 
mention  is  made  by  the  Engineer  of  any 
metallic  packing  other  than  this  "  wire 
gauze."]  It  is  still  certain  that  some- 
thing better  than  uuything  hitherto  in  use 
is  required,  and  we  have  a  strong  belief 
that  this  something  may  bo  supplied  by 
asbestos. 

Asbestos  is  a  mineral  fibre,  greasy  to 
the  touch,  and  very  strong,  which  can  be 
easily  spun  or  woven  if  proper  precau- 
tions are  used.  Furthermore,  it  is  an  ad- 
mirable non-conductor  of  caloric,  and  is 
practically  indestructible  by  heat.  All 
these  conditions  are  just  those  which  are 
required  in  a  material  for  piston  packin„. 
and  it  is  therefore  somewhat  strango  that 
until  a  very  recent  period  no  one  thought 
of  utilizing asbostos  for  this  purpose.  This 
packing  was  first  used  in  America  with  much 
success,  and  it  has  since  been  tested  in 
England  with  oxcellent  results. 

The  inventor,  Mr.  .T.  V.  Day,  on  the  5th 
of  September  last  read  a  paper  before 
the  Engineers'  Institute  of  Scotland,  from 
which  it  appears  that  no  matter  how  high 
the  temperature  of  the  steam,  how  rapid 
the  stroke  of  the  piston,  or  how  great  the 
pressure  of  the  steam,  the  packing  seems 
to  be  unaffected  by  these  conditions. 
Where  the  new  packing  was  first  used, 
some  of  it  was  taken  from  tho  piston-rod 
stuffing  box  of  a  locomotive  engine,  after 
having  been  in,  and  the  engines  at  cons- 
stant  work,  for  three  months,  with  steam 
at  130  lb .  pressure,  and  making  an  average 
daily  run  of  100  miles,  including  Sundays; 
and  the  fibre,  (a  sample  of  which  was 
shown) ,  with  the  exception  of  being  dis- 
colored by  oil  and  iron,  was  just  as  flexible 
and  tenacious  as  originally.  After  having 
been  once  disintegrated,  it  appears  impos- 
sible to  so  pack  or  mat  the  fibres  together 
that  they  are  not  easily  separated  by  the 
fingers. 

Asbestos  packing  was  first  used  in  Great 
Britain  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Conner,  locomo- 
tive superintendent  of  the  Caledonian 
Bailway,  and  Mr.  Day  exhibited  to  the 
members  of  the  Institute  the  packing  of 
a  locomotive  stuffing  box  which  had  been 
used  on  that  line  from  the  27th  of  July, 
1871,  to  the  18th  of  November,  where  the 
ordinary  packing  lasts,  on  their  locomo- 
tives, two  months,  at  most,  rarely  so  long, 
and  the  gland  requires  constant  screwing 
up.  The  asbestos  packing  was  apparently 
as  good  as  when  put  in,  and  the  engine 
had  run  a  distance  of  14,070  miles;  during 
three  weeks  of  which  time,  although  the 
engine  had  run  2,000  miles,  the  gland 
screws  had  never  been  touched. 

In  the  course  of  the  discussion  Mr.  Con- 
nor stated  that  he  had  applied  it  coiled 
round  the  piston  rod  continuously;  but  he 
thought  it  should  be  applied  in  rings. 
The  inside  of  tho  packing  seemed  to  him 
as  fresh  as  when  first  put  in.  He  believed 
it  took  less  oil  to  lubricate  the  piston-rod, 
for  the  oil  remained  on  the  rod,  not  being 
absorbed  by  the  packing.  It  kept  the  rod 
beautifully  polished,  more  so  than  by  any 
other  packing. 

Cheap  City  Transit. 

There  is  at  this  time  no  more  important 
question  demanding  a  solution  from  our 
inventors  and  mechanics,  than  that  of 
cheap  transit  for  the  clerk,  artisan  and 
merchant  from  the  shop  or  place  of  business 
to  the  dwelling,  which  points,  in  a  large 
city,  must  of  necessity  be  quite  widely 
separated. 

To  this  must  also  be  added  the  better 
housing  of  the  working  classes,  now  im- 
peratively urged  as  a  necessary  means  of 
national  progress.  It  has  been  proved 
that  the  largest  source  of  profit  to  transit 


companies  is  "  third  class  "—in  other 
words,  tho  great  masses  of  working  hu- 
manity. Tho  humanizing  influonco  of  gar- 
dens may  be  accessible  to  some  of  the  fam- 
ilies of  working  men,  as  distance  vanishes 
by  mechanical  facilities.  If  commercial 
stimulus  induces  progress  in  this  direction, 
it  will  be  a  great  advance  on  the  morals, 
prosperity,  and  happiness  of  our  great 
commercial  and  manufacturing  cities;  but 
till  we  can  get  mechanical  power  substi 
tilted  for  horse  flesh  as  the  means  of  trail 
sit,  wo  shall  bo  as  far  behind  in  tho  results 
as  are  omnibuses  and  stage  coaches  com- 
pared with  railways,  at  a,  given  cost,  doing 
only  one-eighth  of  the  work. 

Next  to  cheapness  is  the  necessity  for 
increased  speed.  The  average  speed  of  the 
horso  car  is  about  four  miles  per  hour,  and 
that  is  accomplished  only  with  serious 
distress  and  wear  to  horse  flesh.  What  we 
need  in  this  direction  is  the  power  to  in- 
crease or  diminish  our  speed  at  pleasure, 
according  to  safety.  We  cannot  do  thia 
till  we  are  ablo  to  resort  to  the  power  of 
steam  or  elastic  gases.  One,  great  reason 
why  we  havo  not  done  this  is  because  we 
have  not  yet  produced  an  engine  combin- 
ing simplicity  and  efficiency  with  fortui- 
tous transit.  Our  ordinary  railway  en- 
gines can  only  run  on  largo  curves,  and 
then  at  a  great  cost  and  waste  of  power. 
They  cannot  run  at  all,  practically,  on 
such  short  curves  as  are  required  for  the 
ordinary  purposes  of  street  railroads.  The 
control  of  the  steam  blast  and  smoke  is  an- 
other matter  which  has  not  yet  reached 
a  satisfactory  conclusion.  The  discharge 
of  steam  must  be  so  controlled  as  to  be 
comparatively  noisless,  while  the  con- 
sumption of  fuel  must  be  so  perfect  that 
nothing  but  the  absolutely  invisible  prod- 
ucts of  combustion  are  thrown  off. 


scientific  Progress. 


& 


Revolution  in  the  Method  of  Grinding 
Substances. 

Tho  principal  applied  in  grinding  sub- 
stances has  thus  far  been  always  a  crush- 
ing between  two  hard  surfaces  oombined 
with  a  motion  of  one  or  both,  as  in  treat- 
ing cereals,  paints,  drugs,  and  in  general 
most  things  which  we  wish  to  subdivide 
finely. 

It  has  been  reserved  for  our  time, 
says  the  Manufacturer  and  Builder,  to 
make  a  new  application  of  a  well  known 
mechanical  principle  in  order  to  accom- 
plish grinding  or  pulverizing  by  the  ef- 
fects of  high  velocities,  from  which  some 
startling  results  obtained  by  bodies  mov- 
ing with  great  rapidity  have  been  known 
for  a  long  time;  such,  for  instance,  as  firing 
a  candle  from  a  musket  through  a  wooden 
board ;  cutting,  by  means  of  a  rapidly -ro- 
tating disk  of  paper,  substances  much 
harder  than  paper  itself;  incising  figures 
on  glass  by  rapidly-rotating  disks  of  metal 
etc. ,  in  all  of  which  cases  the  velocity  of 
the  candle  or  paper  compensated  for  its 
softness,  and  the  velocity  of  the  motion  of 
the  molecules,  constituting  the  soft  sub- 
stance, produced  unexpected  results. 

This  same  principle  of  high  velocities  is 
now  being  applied  to  grinding — a  very  dif- 
ferent and  more  useful  operation,  and,  in 
fact,  one  without  which  man  can  scarcely 
exist.  The  barbarian  grinds,  or  rather 
crushes  his  corn  by  means  of  a  bowl  and 
rolling  stone,  or  a  mortar  andpestal;  while 
civilized  man  thus  far  has  crushed  his  ce- 
reals between  rotating  stones.  This  is  alto- 
gether to  be  reformed. 

The  New  York  Attrition  Pulverizing 
Company  make  machines  after  Byerson's 
patent,  obtained  two  years  ago,  in  which 
high  velocity  obtained  by  centrifugal 
power  accomplishes  the  object  without 
crushing.  The  difference  in  the  power  re- 
quired for  grinding  by  the  old  and  new 
systems  is  most  striking.  For  grinding  3 
tons  of  marble  or  plaster  to  a  powder,  the 
power  required  to  drive  common  Byerson 
stones  is  from  2  to  3-horse  power,  while  in 
this  machine  a  single  horse-power  is  suffi- 
cient to  accomplish  this,  while  it  is  also 
able  to  impalpably  pulverize  quartz  as 
well. 

[The  principle  of  the  Byerson  machine 
has  been  tried  in  this  State  for  reducing 
quartz,  with  unsatisfactory  results.  It  is 
possible,  however,  that  his  more  recent 
patent  may  comprise  improvements  which 
have  rendered  the  principle  a  practical 
one. — Ed.  Press.] 

Measuring  the  Speed  op  Ships. — The 
reel  hitherto  used  to  measure  the  speed  of 
ships  is  another  time-honored  institution 
that  is  passing  away.  The  rhysimeter  is 
an  instrument  which  permanently  con- 
nects the  water  with  an  indicator  in  the 
captain's  room,  marking  the  exact  speed  at 
all  times. 


Current  Scientific  Progress. 

Scientific  investigation  was  never  mak- 
ing more  active  or  earnest  progress  than 
at  the  present  time;  and  in  no  department 
of  research  is  this  progress  more  manifest 
thun  in  that  of 

Chemislry, 
In  which  Boveral  new  substances  have  been 
brought  to  light  within  the  past  three  or 
four  months.  Among  them  are  mentioned 
regianine,  discovered  in  the  walnut;  acrid- 
iue,  a  new  substance  derived  from  anthra- 
cite; carnine,  found  in  flesh,  etc.  Within 
the  period  mentioned,  Solet  has  also  an- 
nounced the  discovery  of  two  distinct  spec- 
tra in  tho  flame  of  sulphur.     In 

Astronomy 
Tho  principal  interest  has  centered  in  the 
observations  connected  with  the  return  of 
Encke's  and  Tuttle's  comets.  Some  most 
interesting  spectroscopic  observations  on 
the  light  of  these  bodies  have  already 
been  announced,  and  others  may  be  ex- 
pected. The  eclipse  of  the  sun  in  Decem- 
ber last  has  also  furnished  an  important 
field  of  research.  Two  new  asteroids  have 
also  been  announced,  making  the  number 
of  tho  series,  bo  far  as  now  known,  117.  In 

Meteorology 
Constant  and  satisfactory  progress  is  being 
made.  The  establishment  of  the  Signal 
Service  of  the  United  States  is  an  impor- 
tant movement,  and  gives  promise  of  much 
practical  as  well  as  scientific  utility.  A 
paper  has  been  published  by  Strentz  which 
shows  as  to  the  result  of  a  careful  compari 
son  and  study  of  numerous  observations 
that  the  moon  does  not  exercise  any  appre 
ciable  influence  upon  the  weather,  contra- 
ry to  the  common  idea,  and  the  opinion  of 
some  eminent  writers.    In 

Terrestial  Physics, 
We  have  some  interesting  reports  of  expe- 
riments in  India  with  the  pendulum  for 
the  determination  of  the  mass  of  moun- 
tains, from  which  it  would  appear  that  the 
density  of  the  earth,  at  the  surface  decreases 
as  we  proceed  from  the  sea  coast  to  higher 
elevations  and  mountain  ranges.  These 
observations  and  conclusions  are  highly 
interesting.  Preparations  are  also  being 
made  for  a  Beries  of  pendulum  and  ther- 
mometic  observations  at  the  Mount  Cenis 
tunnel,  from  which  interesting  results  are 
expected. 

Geography 
Has  been  essentially  advanced,  by  the  pub- 
lication of  various  memoirs  and  reports 
of  expeditions,  among  which  may  be  par- 
ticularly mentioned  the  trip  of  the  Ice 
Bear,  which  left  a  nothern  port  of  Europe 
only  in  May  last,  and  returned  in  October, 
having  penetrated  to  79°  north  on  the  43d 
parallel  of  East  longitude.  An  open  polar 
sea  was  easily  reached.  The  departments  of 
engineering,  mechanics,  technology,  zo- 
ology, and  physiology,  have  also  received 
many  valuable  contributions. 

Flowers  as  Disinfectants. — Professor 
Mantegazza  has  recently  discovered  that 
ozone  is  developed  by  certain  odor- 
ous flowers.  A  writer  in  "Nature"  states 
that  most  of  the  strong  smelling  veg- 
etable essences,  such  as  mint,  cloves, 
lavender,  lemon,  and  cherry  laurel,  de- 
velop a  very  large  quantity  of  ozone  when 
in  contact  with  atmospheric  oxygen  in 
light.  Flowers  destitute  of  perfume  do 
not  develop  it,  and  generally  the  amount 
of  ozone  seems  to  be  in  proportion  to  the 
strength  of  the  perfume  emanated.  Pro- 
fessor Mantegazza  recommends  that  in 
marshy  districts  and  in  places  infested 
with  noxious  exhalations,  strong-smelling 
flowers  should  bo  planted  around  the 
house,  in  order  that  the  ozone  emitted 
from  them  may  exert  its  powerful  oxidiz- 
ing influence.  So  pleasant  a  plan  for  mak- 
ing a  malarious  district  salubrious  only 
requires  to  be  known  to  be  put  in  practice. 

Curious  Fact  (?)  —At  a  recent  sitting  of 
the  French  Academy  of  Sciences,  a  curi- 
ous communication  was  received  from  M. 
Zaliwski,  which,  if  it  were  borne  out, 
would  be  invaluable  to  navigation.  He 
states  that  if  a  hollow  cylinder  made  of 
thin  materials,  open  at  the  top  and  pro- 
vided with  a  sharp-edged  bottom,  be 
properly  ballasted  and  then  put  into  a  tub 
or  other  vessel  filled  with  water,  it  will 
soon  move  in  a  never-varying  direction 
from  west  to  east.  The  round  tin  boxes 
in  which  concentrated  milk  is  preserved 
will  do  perfectly  for  the  experiment,  which 
will  become  more  and  more  perceptible 
the  oftener  the  same  cylinder  is  made  to 
do  duty  in  that  way. — Engineer. 


The  Origin  of  the  Heat  of  Fire. 

The  origin  of  the  heat  doveloped  during 
combustion  has  hitherto  been  a  profound 
mystery.  In  the  beginning  of  this  cen- 
tury it  was  suggested  that  a  portion  of 
the  specific  or  of  the  latent  heat  of  the 
bodies  consumed  was  set  free  during 
the  process  of  combustion;  but  this  idea 
was  soon  overthrown,  as  it  was  found  that 
tho  products  of  combustion  often  possess 
more  specific  heat,  and  almost  always  more 
latent  heat,  than  the  bodies  themselves 
did  before  burning— that  is,  before  chemi- 
cally combining  under  evolution   of  heat. 

To  illustrate:— the  specific  heat  of  oxygen 
is  0.21,  and  of  hydrogen,  8.4;  if,  now,  8 
lbs.  of  oxygen  combine  with  1  lb.  hydro- 
gen, forming  9  lbB.  of  water,  the  specific 
heat  of  tho  mixture  must  be  8  X  0.21  + 
1 X  3.4,  or  5.08;  this, divided  by  9,  to  find  the 
heat  per  1  lb.,  gives  0.5G.  Now,  the  product 
of  this  combustion,  which  is  water,  has  a 
specific  heat  of  1,  nearly  twice  as  great; 
but,  before  becoming  water,  it  was  first 
steam,  of  which  the  specific  heat  is  only 
0.48,  but  which,  by  its  condensation,  gives 
off  not  less  than  906  units  of  latent  heat. 
Hence  arises  the  question:—  Whence 
comes  all  this  intense  heat  of  combustion, 
and  the  subsequent  great  amount  of  latent 
heat,  when  the  resultant  substance  in  the 
end  posesses  more  specific  heat  than  its 
elements  before  combining  ? 

It  is  curious  to  remark  that  some  emi- 
nent physicians  have  concluded  that  com- 
bustion must  be  "an  electric  phenome- 
non," but  that  scientists,  who  have  studied 
its  laws,  should  use  this  pretext  for  ex- 
plaining fire,  solar  heat,  volcanoes,  and 
even  earthquakes,  seems  almost  incredi- 
ble. 

Notwithstanding  the  laws  of  heat  and  of 
electricity  have  been  thoroughly  investi- 
gated, we  are  not  as  yet  sure  of  their  ulti- 
mate nature;  one  thing  only  appears  cer- 
tain, namely,  that  neither  is  a  fluid,  pene- 
trating matter,  but  that  both  are  mere  mo- 
tions of  the  molecules  or  atoms  of  matter. 
Beyond  that  all  is  mere  conjecture. 


What  is  Going  on  in  the  Sun.— Beoent 
investigations  of  the  sun  and  other  heav- 
enly bodies,  by  means  of  the  spectroscope, 
have  revealed  the  fact  that  all  matter  may 
be  in  a  more  than  gaseous  condition — in- 
candescent gas  of  so  high  a  temperature 
that  the  elements  are  dissociated;  that  is, 
that  all  chemical  affinities  are  destroyed, 
and  each  element  exists  separately  in  its 
uncombined  condition,  notwithstanding  it 
is  intermingled  with  the  others.  A  descent 
from  this  exceedingly  high  temperature  to 
that  in  which  the  chemical  affinities  can 
manifest  themselves  results  in  the  combi- 
nation of  the  gases. 

The  chemical  affinities  of  the  different 
elementary  substances  thus  manifest  them- 
selves only  between  a  comparatively  limit- 
ed range  of  temperature,  below  and  above 
which  they  do  not  operate.  Even  as  at  an 
extreme  cold  no  combinations  can  take 
place,  so  at  the  extreme  heat  of  say  8000° 
Fahrenheit,  not  only  no  combinations  take 
place,  but  all  compounds  are  separated 
into  their  ultimate  elements.  On  cooling 
and  reaching  4000°  or  3000°,  or  there- 
about, the  volatilized  substances,  or 
gases,  will  again  combine,  the  chemical 
affinities  come  into  play,  and  combustion 
will  ensue,  the  heat  of  which  will  again 
originate  partial  new  dissociations.  This 
is  what  continually  appears  to  take  place 
in  the  sun. 


Agricultural  Chemistry. — It  is  a  well- 
established  fact  that  the  quantity  of  nitro- 
gen contained  in  cereal  crops  frequently 
very  far  surpasses  the  amount  contained 
in  the  manured  earth  from  whioh  they  are 
grown;  and  the  manner  in  which  the  ad- 
ditional nitrogen  has  been  acquired  is  one 
of  the  many  puzzles  of  agricultural  chem- 
istry. That  it  is  derived  from  the  air, 
there  is  no  question,  but  in  what  manner? 
Has  it  been  absorbed  by  the  plants  di- 
rectly from  the  air,  or  has  it  been  first 
withdrawn  from  the  atmosphere  by  some 
of  the  constituents  of  the  soil,  with  which 
it  could  form  compounds  which  were  ca- 
pable of  vegetable  assimilation  ?  M.  De- 
herian  seems  to  have  succeeded  in  demon- 
strating what  was  never  before  suspected, 
that  in  the  presence  of  organic  matter  oxygen 
combines  directly  with,  nitrogen,  forming  a 
compound  analogous  to  the  ulinic  or  hu- 
mic  acid,  produced  by  neutralization  by 
an  acid  of  the  potassic  solution  of  garden 
mould.  Into  a  perfectly  dry  tube  he  in- 
troduced oxygen,  nitrogen,  ammonia  and 
glucose,  and  on  heating  the  mixture  finds 
that  a  black  nitrogenous  matter  is  formed, 
while  at  the  same  time  a  portion  of  the  ni- 
trogen disappears  from  the  atmosphere  of 
the  tube. — Les  Mondes. 


100 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  17,  1872. 


ining  Summary. 


The  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  cIobo  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Monitor  Mill. — Monitor  Miner,  Feb.  3: 
After  some  vexatious  delays  this  mill  is 
now  at  its  regular  work.  The  ore  coming 
out  of  the  mine  is  improving  rapidly  in 
both  quality  and  quantity. 

Monitob  No.  3  mine  is  rapidly  improv- 
ing, now  that  the  completion  of  the  ore 
house  and  chute  allows  of  putting  on  men 
for  the  purpose  of  takiDg  out  ore.  The 
breasts  at  several  points  are  in  good  ore  of 
good  quality.  Some  pockets  of  sack  ore 
taken  out  this  week  were  nearly  half  pure 
black  sniphurets;  some  peculiar  veins  of 
ore  found  in  a  lower  level  have  astonished 
those  best  posted  on  this  mine. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

San  Bbuno  Mine. — Calaveras  Chronicle, 
Feb.  10:  The  tunnel  is  but  a  few  hundred 
yards  from  the  Vance  mill,  and  is  easy  of 
access.  It  is  4  by  6  ft.  and  has  been  run 
into  the  hill  600  ft.  and  through  quartz 
350  ft.  From  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel  250 
ft.  is  the  first  chimney.  The  Beeond  is  275 
ft.  and  the  third  370  ft.  The  third  chim- 
ney is  but  120  ft.  to  broken  ground,  where 
a  shaft  had  previously  been  sunk.  In  sight 
is  rock  sufficient  to  satisfy  reasonable 
men.  The  (Jo.  are  running  a  second  tun- 
nel 220  ft.  below  the  first.  It  is  in  about 
115  ft.  and  gold  bearing  quartz  has  again 
been  struck.  This  morning  I  saw  the  re- 
turns from  4  tons  crushing — 8542, 77.  This 
was  from  the  Grasshopper,  at  Mosquito. 
The  Good  Hope,  on  the  same  lead  as  the 
San  Bruno,  is  hauling  quartz  to  Clark's 
mill  at  Bail  Boad  Flat. 

G  win  Mine. — All  the  stamps  in  the  mills 
at  the  lower  Gwin  mine  are  crushing  a  fair 
quality  of  ore.  In  the  upper  mine  the 
400  ft.  level  is  being  re-timbered.  As  soon 
as  that  is  completed  the  shaft  will  be 
cleaned  out  and  active  operations  resumed. 
It  is  the  intention  of  the  prop,  to  sink  a 
mammoth  shaft  in  the  centre  of  the  mine 
during  the  coming  summer.  Additional 
stamps  will  also  be  put  up  as  soon  as  the 
weather  and  roads  will  permit. 

Good  Hope. — First-rate  rock  continues 
to  be  taken  out  of  the  Good  Hope  mines  at 
Mosquito  Gulch.  The  lead  averages  about 
3  ft.  in  thickness  and  all  the  rock  contains 
goid. 

The  Calaveras  Hydraulic  M.  Co.  are 
pushing  forward  matters  at  Central  Hill 
rapidly.  Five  tons  of  pipe  iron  are  on  the 
way  up  from  San  Francisco.  Everything 
is  being  got  in  readiness  to  commence  op- 
erations upon  an  extensive  scale. 

EL  DORADO  COUNTY- 

Immense  Ledge.  —  Auburn  Stars  and 
Stripes,  Feb.  8:  The  other  day  we  were 
shown  a  number  of  handsome  specimens  of 
quartz  from  the  Ella  ledge,  Green  ward  dist. 
These  were  heavily  loaded  with  galena  and 
blatfk  sulphurets.  The  ledge  from  which 
they  were  taken  is  full  6  ft.  in  thickness, 
and  can  be  traced  on  top  of  the  gronnd  for 
a  distance  of  3,000  ft.  so  located  that  a  tun- 
nel can  be  run  on  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of 
hundreds  of  ft.  below  the  surface  from 
which  these  specimens  were  taken. 

INYO  COUNTY. 

Hot  Speings.— Inyo  Independent,  Feb. 
3d:  Hot  Springs  is  likely  to  have  another 
10-stamp  mill  in  the  spring. 

NEVADA    COUNTY. 

Started  Up. — Grass  Valley  Republican, 
Feb.  10:  The  Dartmouth  mill  commenced 
crushing  gravel  cement  on  Wednesday  for 
the  first  time.  The  mill  has  8  stamps,  but 
only  4  are  used  at  present  on  account  of 
lack  of  power.  The  Dartmouth  has  its 
main  tunnel  in  about  600  ft.,  and  the 
gravel  prospects  well. 

Quaker  Hill. — Jacobs  &  Sargent  are 
running  5  sets  of  claims,  use  2,000  inches 
of  water,  and  employ  45  men. 

You  Bet. — The  English  Co.  cleaned  up 
one  set  of  their  claims  this  week,  after  a 
run  of  29  days,  and  realized  $6,000. 

Slide. — A  heavy  slide  occurred  in  the 
claims  of  Ashburne  &  Baker,  at  Scotch 
Flat,  on  Friday.  The  slide  or  cave  was  a 
strip  of  ground  about  100  ft.  in  length  by 
60  in  width.  The  men  engaged  in  hand- 
ling the  nozzle  escaped  without  injury. 
The  monitor  was  covered  by  the  slide,  but 
was  not  otherwise  damaged.  In  3  or  4 
days  the  Co.  will  have  the  slide  pretty 
well  sluiced  out. 

The  pump  shaft  at  the  North  Star  mine 
broke  yesterday  forenoon.  An  old  shaft 
was  procured  at  the  Bocky  Bar  mine,  so 
that  the  accident  will  cause  but  a  short 
delay. 


Ben  Franklin  Mine.— Grass  Valley 
Union,  Feb.  11:  We  noticed  yesterday,  at 
Findley  &  Co's.  bank  a  quantity  of  gold 
dust  valued  at  $2,300,  from  less  than  50 
tops  of  rock. 

North  Star. — Yesterday  the  North  Star 
shipped  to  S.  F.  gold  to  the  value  of  $15,- 
300.  This  is  the  second  shipment  for  a 
month's  run  of  the  mine  and  mill.  The 
total  gold  product,  for  4  weeks,  of  the 
North  Star  is  about  $22,500,  and  of  that 
amount  the  profits  amount  to  about  $13,- 
000. 

Good  Clean  Up.— Boberts  &  Colley,  in 
their  claim  at  Bough  and  Beady,  cleaned 
up  on  Saturday,  after  6  days  washing  with 
2  hands  at  work,  between  $600  and  $700,  or 
over  $50  a  day  to  the  hand. 

San  Juan. — Nevada  Transcript,  Feb.  6: 
The  American  Gravel  M.  Co.,  is  work- 
ing 50  or  60  men  and  is,  paying  well. 

On  the  San  Juan  Hill  'S  Cos.  are  at 
work.  Dunniker  &  Co.,  who  had  their 
new  flume  injured  by  the  storm,  were  de- 
layed for  a  time,  but  they  have  everything 
ready  for  washing. 

Davis,  Bower  &  Co.  are  running  about 
500  inches  of  water  and  are  employing  8 
or  9  hands.     The  claims  are  doing  well. 

New  Tunnel.— N.  C.  Miller  &  Co.  have 
commenced  a  bedrock  tunnel,  to  run  from 
Sweetland  Creek,  to  open  the  Manzanita 
claims  in  the  hill  near  the  town  of  Sweet- 
land,  Bridgeport  township. 

Belief  Hill. — The  Co.  at  Belief  Hill 
are  actively  preparing  for  work.  The  Ea- 
gle Co.,  whose  mine  filled  with  water,  have 
their  drifts  all  cleared  and  are  about  ready 
to  commence  taking  out  gravel.  Other 
Cos.  will  soon  start  up. 

Being  Crushed. — National  Gazette,  Feb, 
3d:  Wyoming  mine,  on  the  north  side  of 
Deer  creek,  is  having  about  200  tons  of 
good  rock  crushed  at  the  Bunker  Hill  mill. 
-  Providence  Mine. — Work  on  the  Provi- 
dence mine,  is  being  vigorously  prose- 
cuted. An  incline  shaft  is  being  sunk  on 
the  ledge,  and  hoisting  works  are  being 
erected. 
PLACER  COUNTY. 

Mining  Enterprise. — Auburn  Stars  and 
Stripes,  Feb.  8th:  Damsguard  &  Fields,  of 
Alta,  and  J.  Fewings,  are  making  prepara- 
tions for  hydraulic  operations  on  a  large 
scale  on  a  portion  of  the  Fewings  ranch,  a 
short  distance  below  this  town.  Their 
mining  ground  comprises  about  60  acres, 
all  of  which  is  believed  to  be  rich. 

Bising  Sun. — Grass  Valley  Republican, 
Feb.  8th:  The  rising  Sun  at  Colfax  is  pay- 
ing its  owners  good  returns.  The  rock 
they  are  crushing  averages  between  $40 
and  $50  a  ton.  They  are  down  on  their 
third  level  300  ft.  from  the  surface,  and 
have  a  ledge  of  from  18  to  20  inches  wide. 
Preparations  are  being  made  to  sink  for 
the  fourth  level,  which  will  be  about  80  ft. 
below  the  third  level.  The  Co.  have  had 
about  all  the  water  in  the  mine  their  pumps 
could  hoist  since  the  heavy  storms  com- 
menced. Thirty  men  are  employed  in  the 
mine  and  mill.  The  sulphurets  from  the 
Bising  Sun  are  unusually  rich,  frequently 
yielding  over  $300  a  ton. 
SIERRA  COUNTY. 

Good  Hope. — Downieville  Messenger, 
Feb.  3d:  The  boys  are  getting  out  rock  in 
this  ledge,  which  is  being  crushed  by  E. 
Leonard's  mill.  The  mine  is  promising 
well  for  its  owners. 

Brandy  City. — Cor.  same:  Every  Co.  on 
the  hill  is  working  full  handed.  The  Ar- 
nott  will  have  the  best  season  run.  The 
Hicky  is  prospering.  The  Sharp  Co.,  at 
Grizzly  Hill,  are  working  full  handed. 
There  has  been  a -small  break  in  their  ditch, 
but  it  must  hav"e  been  repaired  ere  this. 
There  was  another  in  the  Hosie's  flume, 
belonging  to  the  Hickey  Co.,  but  all  dam- 
ages are  repaired. 
TRINITYCOUNTY. 

Not  Bad. — Weaverville  Journal,  Feb.  2: 
Hass  &  Co.,  of  Junction  City,  are  running 
2  pipes  and  clean  up  every  2  weeks.  So 
far  their  claim  has  paid  them  $100  per 
day. 

Douglas  City. — Cor.  same:  From  all 
parts  comes  the  information  that  this  is 
going  to  be  the  best  mining  season  we 
have  had  for  many  a  year;  every  miner  is 
busy,  but  as  yet  few  have  made  any  clean 
ing  up.,  I  hear  of  one  Co.  only  and  that 
paid  a  fraction  over  $10  per  day  to  the 
hand. 

The  boys  on  Dutton  creek  are  running 
off  a  tremendous  amount  of  gravel,  and 
toward  the  latter  part  of  this  week  will 
make  the  first  clean-up. 

The  Douglas  City  miners  will  all  be 
running  water  in  a  few  days;  some  are  at 
work  already.  Tourot  is  running  2  pipes 
on  his  Douglas  City  claim  and  is  getting 
dirt  off  fast. 

The  sale  of  the  Sillcox  mine  on  Indian 
creek  has  enlivened  the  quartz  question 
considerably. 


Hay  Fork. — The  miners  are  all  at  work 
and  have  better  prospects  than  for  several 
years.  On  the  East  fork,  Sims  &  Co.  are 
highly  elated  at  their  show.  Billy  Buch 
and  partner  started  in  last  week,  struck 
the  old  streak  and  cleaned  up  5  ounces  the 
first  week.  This  week  they  picked  up  a 
$29  chispa.  Stevenson  is  working  4  hands 
besides  himself.  Squire  Wells  &  Parlin 
are  sluicing  and  doing  well  and  Dennis 
Bourke  &  Conlin  are  making  it  pay;  also 
the  Sullivan  boys. 

In  the  Valley,  Duncan's,  J.  S.  Hoyt's 
and  Jake  Hilliard's  claims  are  all  running 
with  plenty  of  water. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Eureka  Sentinelt  Feb.  6  : 
Paxton  &  Co.  shipped,  yesterday  for  the 
Pinto  M.  Co.  to  London,  4  bars,  179  tt>s, 
valued  at  $3,254  48.  The  first  shipment 
of  bullion  from  the  Pinto  mill  was  made 
on  the  2d.  The  amount  was  13  tons, 
520fts.  valued  at  $9,455.68. 

Bioh. — We  were  shown  an  assay  to-day 
of  a  piece  of  ore  from  Secret  Canon,  the 
result  of  which  was  $2,350.  The  owner 
avers  that  he  has  40  tons  of  the  same  sort 
of  rock  on  the  dump. 

Looking  Well. — The  Wide  West  mine 
is  looking  well,  and  a  very  fine  body  of 
ore  ib  being  disclosed. 

MoGarry. — We  have  been  shown  speci- 
mens of  ore  from  the  McGarry  dist  ;  it 
looks  well  for  surface  rock.  They  were 
from  the  Carabantes  and  Mexican  Mines. 
The  croppings  on  the  Mexican  location 
can  be  traced  60  ft. 

Lemon  Mill. — The  mill  will  start  up  on 
the  9th  and  make  atrial  run 

Mill  Site.— The  Adams  Hill  M.  Co. 
(formerly  the  Wide  West  Co.)  have  pur- 
chased a  millsite  near  the  Lemon  Co.'s 
property.  The  work  of  building  a  20- 
stamp  mill  will  be  soon  commenced. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.— Ely  Record,  Feb.  4  :  W.  F.  & 
Co.  shipped  since  Jan.  18th  bullion  valued 
at  $25,269.66. 

Chapman  Mine. — A  whim  of  the  Mar- 
shall patent  has  been  placed  on  the  mine. 
With  this  the  Co.  can  sink  to  the  depth  of 
400  ft.  without  other  machinery.  The 
shaft  is  being  newly  timbered  throughout. 
It  is  200  ft.  deep,  with  a  drift  24  ft.  from 
the  shaft  to  the  eastward.  The  body  of 
ore  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  is  large  and 
well  defined,  and  the  general  belief  of 
mining  men  is  that  this  is  the  Baymond 
and  Ely  Ledge,  which  runs  east  from 
Panaca  Flat.  The  Supt.  informs  us  that  he 
will  commence  hoisting  ore  at  once. 

Baymond  and  Ely  Co.'s  Mills. — On 
the  4th  of  Feb.  the  new  30-stamp  mill  of 
the  above  Co.,  together  with  the  old  20- 
stamp  mill,  started  working,  making  50 
stamps  put  in  operation  that  day. 

Havana  Mine. — This  claim  has  been 
purchased,  and  work  commenced  at  the 
bottom  of  the  old  shaft  to  develop  the 
ledge.  This  claim  is  about  400  ft.  south- 
east from  the  shaft  of  the  American  Flag. 
Alps. — On  the  26th  inst.  J.  James,  Supt. 
of  the  Co.;  shipped  $5,026.89  in  bullion, 
over .900  fine,  the  proceeds  of  25  tons  of 
ore  worked  at  the  Chicago  Mill.  The 
shaft  is  down  146  ft.  and  shows  the  body 
of.  ore  at  that  point  to  be  equal  to  that 
found  in  any  other  portion  of  the  mine. 

Newton  Booth. — In  running  the  drift 
south  from  the  main  shaft  at  the  180-ft. 
level  a  fine  looking  ledge  has  been  cut,  at 
a  point  37  ft.  south  of  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft.  At  present  the  ledge  is  four  ft. 
wide,  and  no  evidence  of  wall  rock  has  yet 
been  found. 

Pioohe. — This  claim  still  works,  sinking 
the  main  shaft  and  preparing  for  work, 
when  future  developments  shall  expose  a 
ledge  of  pay  ore,  which  we  think  will  be 
found  within  100  ft.  of  the  present  work- 
ings of  the  company. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  Stale,  Feb. 
10  :  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona 
mine,  since  our  last  issue,  was  $8,000. 

From  the  Old  Sheba  mine  we  have 
superlatively  good  accounts. 

Inskeep,  Henning  and  Eclipse  Mines — 
Operations  on  all  these  mines  continue. 
The  Inskeep  is  looking  well,  and  yields  its 
accustomed  amount  of  shipping  ore.  The 
Henning  tunnel  is  in  nearly  300  ft. ,  still 
goes  ahead  on  the  vein,  which  varies  from 
iy,  to  5  ft.  in  thickness.  The  run  of  ore 
will  average  about  $70  per  ton. 
REESERIVER. 

Belmont  Bullion. — Beese  HhrerReveille 
Feb.  3:  We  saw  at  W.  F.  &  Co.'s  office  this 
morning  awaiting  shipment  5  bars  weigh- 
ing 5,484  oz.  and  valued  at  $2,453.21,  the 
product  of  the  El  Dorado  South  at  Bel- 
mont. 
Bullion. — A.  Paxton    &    Co.,  shipped 


of  which  14  bars,  valued  at  $15,925.31. 
were  from  the  Metacom  Mill,  from  ore 
from  the  Pacific  M.  Co.'s  mines,  and  24 
bars  valued  at  $11,187.86,  from  the  Stete- 
feldt  Mill, 'at  Belmont,  from  ore  from  the 
El  Dorado  South. 

Arizona  Mine. — The  ore  channel  im- 
proves every  day  under  the  work  being 
prosecuted  upon  it.  The  shaft  sunk  on 
the  second  level  is  down  160  ft.  at  which 
point  the  lode  shows  a  thickness  of  5%  ft. 
3%  of  which  consists  of  good  milling  ore 
and  a  considerable  proportion  of  it  of  high 
grade  shipping  ore.  A  drift  runs  north 
from  this  shaft,  at  a  point  120  ft.  down, 
discloses  a  ledge  5%  ft.  thick — 4  of  which 
is  ore  equal  to  anything  ever  found  in  the 
mine.  Four  other  shafts  carried  down  at 
various  points  north  of  the  southerly  end 
of  the  second  level  reveal  at  each  a  ledge 
equal  in  all  respects  to  that  brought  out  in 
the  160  ft.  shaft. 

Humboldt  City.— Work  has  been  started 
up  on  the  Starlight  lode.  The  Supt.  has 
put  on  2  shifts  of  miners. 

Central  Dist.— This  dist.  lies  in  the 
mountain  range  about  8  miles  nqrth  of  the 
C.  P.  Bailroad.  The  ledges,  though  of 
moderate  size,  are  compact  and  shapely, 
and  carry  ore  generally  from  the  surface. 
The  ores  are  composed  largely  of  chlorides 
and  Bulphurets  with  some  galena,  and  are 
mostly  of  high  grade;  the  ledges  being 
opened  affording  enough  from  the  shafts 
and  other  exploratory  works  being  driven 
to  defray  current  expenses.  There  is  a 
prospect  of  a  15-stamp  mill  being  erected 
on  the  river  near  the  mines  next  spring. 
There  are  now  about  20  miners  in  the  dis- 
trict. 

De  Soto  Mine.— Work  is  being  pushed 
on  this  mine,  adjoining  the  Sheba,  in  Star 
District  with  most  satisfactory  results. 

Peru. — The  lode   shows  a  thickness  of 
from  4  to  5  ft.     It  carries   a  large  propor- 
tion of  ore,  which  with  a  little  assorting 
will  mill  from  $100  to  $150  per  ton. 
WASHOE. 

Bullion. — Virginia  Enterprise,  Feb.  7: 
We  yesterday  noticed  upon  the  counter  of 
the  Bank  of  Cal.  9  bars  of  Belcher  and 
Crown  Point  bullion  worth  $31,500.  Some 
of  the  Belcher  bars  were  over  60  fine  in 
gold. 

More  Ore  Found  in  the  Savage.— A  de- 
posit of  ore  has  been  found  on  the  fourth 
level  of  the  Savage,  700  ft.  below  the  sur- 
face. This  new  development  is  about  200 
ft.  south  of  the  Gould  and  Curry  line  and 
is  2  or  3  ft.  wide,  of  very  good  ore. 

Ophib. — The  rock  is  favorable  and  good 
progress  is  being  made  in  running  the 
drift  on  the  1,100  ft.  level. 

Sutbo  Tunnel. — The  Sutro  Tunnel  was 
yesterday  in  2,713  ft.  They  are  in  hard 
porphyry  rock,  and  are  making  slow  pro- 
gress. Shaft  No.  1  down  90  ft.  The  rock 
is  trachyte,  and  works  well.  No.  2  is  down 
123  f t. ,  the  rock  works  well — some  water 
coming  in.  No.  3  is  down  83  ft.  in  ground 
that  works  well.  They  are  timbering  this 
shaft.  No.  4  is  down  78  ft.  and  13  in  hard 
ground.  They  are  hoisting  from  this 
shaft  about  1,200  gallons  of  water  per  24 
hours. 

Siebea  Nevada. — That  the  new  strike  is 
upon  the  vein  from  which  came  the  rich 
dirt  and  float  rock  worked  lower  down  the 
hill  in  1862,  we  have  but  little  doubt.  This 
new  back  ledge  contains  ore  which  pre- 
sents precisely  the  same  characteristics  as 
the  float  rock  found  in  early  days,  and  the 
assays  are  better  than  any  before  obtained 
in  any  deposit  found  in  the  hill,  being 
from  $45  to  $150  per  ton— $20  to  $29  of 
which  is  silver.  That  they  have  a  "big 
thing"  if  they  have  found  the  ledge  from 
which  came  the  rich  dirt  and  rock  worked 
10  years  ago,  may  be  seen  from  the  follow- 
ing items  in  regard  to  what  was  done  in 
1862  by  the  old  Cedar  Hill  Float  Bock  and 
Surface  M.  Co.  The  Co.  had  a  small  stream 
of  water  and  worked  into  the  hill  by  the 
hydraulic  process,  saving  all  the  rock  they 
forked  out  of  their  sluices  to  be  crushed  at 
the  mills — to  which  they  sold  it  at  $25  per 
ton.  June  13,  1862,  Mr.  Clemens,  one  of 
them  took  $211,31  in  sluicing  45  hours. 
June  21,  they  cleaned  up  10  lbs.  of  amal- 
gam worth  $14  per  ounce.  For  the  10 
weeks  previous  to  August  9,  they  took  out 
700  tons  of  rock  which  they  sold  at  $25  per 
ton,  and  during  that  time  the  free  gold 
paid  regularly  $1,000  to  $1,500  per  10 
days  run — the  last  run  of  the  10  ■ 
paid  $1,300.  August  2,  they  found  a  chunk 
of  gold  quartz  for  which  they  refused 
$300. 

Items.— The  1,200-ft.  level  of  the  Crown 
Point  mine  is  looking  and  promising  still 
better  than  ever.  The  cross-cut  has 
reached  the  east  wall  and  develops  the 
ore  deposit  to  be  118  ft.  wide,  with  the 
richest  ore  lying  next  to  the  east  wall. 
The  annual  report  of  the  Belcher  to  Jan.  1 


during  Jan.  38  bars  valued  at  $27,113.17,  |  shows  a  production  of  18,468  tons  of  ore, 


February  17,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


101 


valued  at  81,199,135,  or  an  average  of 
164.26  in  the  last  5  months,  since  when 
the  new  discoveries  were  available.  The 
cost  of  production  was  S599.775,  of  which 
112  per  ton  is  for  crushing  and  87.50  per 
ton  for  labor.  The  south  drift,  at  the 
1,100-ft.  level  is  inure  which  averagesabout 
$182  per  ton. 
WHITE  PINE. 

IUse  Mines — Cheat  Vali.ev  Co. — The 
mines  owned  by  the  Co.  are  at  the  foot  of 
Babylon  Hill,  about  half  a  mile  from 
Swansea,  neat  Shermantown,  and  consist 
of  the  Great  Valley  and  Union  mines,  with 
a  length  of  2.U00  ft.  of  ground.  The  loca- 
tion was  made  in  April.  A  tnnuel  was 
started  and  run  west  200  ft.  in  ore.  Fifty 
ft.  from  the  end  of  tunnel  a  shaft  was  put 
down  and  ore  found.  An  air-shaft  was 
sunk  125  ft.  deep,  to  the  bottom  of  the 
tunnel,  and  found  a  fine  body  of  ore  the 
whole  distance  down.  Afterward  a  shaft 
30  ft.  deep  was  sunk  on  the  side,  and  a 
lodge  of  mineral  5  ft.  wide  developed — 
making  altogether  a  depth  of  155  ft.  in  ore, 
from  the  top  of  the  air  shaft  to  the  bottom 
of  the  30ft.  shaft.  Throe  other  shafts  are 
down  cm  the  line  of  the  ledge,  and  ore 
found  in  all  of  them.     Tho  ledge   is  pros- 

I ted  for  1,000  ft.,  allowing  ore  wherever 

the  ledge  is  opened.  Five  hundred  tons  of 
oro  were  extracted  from  the  mine;  100  tons 
wore  disposed  of  to  the  Matteson  Furnace, 
and  100  to  the  other  furnaces  in  the  Dist., 
and  turned  out  bullion  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  owners  and  purchasers.  It  ib  esti- 
mated that  75  tons  of  ore  can  be  extracted 
daily  from  the  present  openings,  and  the 
number  of  tons  increased  after  further 
openings  are  made. 

In  different  openings  are  bunches  of  ga- 
lena ore  which  assay  (in  silver)  from  850 
to  8200  to  the  ton. 

Laungbsiok. — This  mine  is  on  the  west 
slope  of  Treasure  Hill,  and  about  %  of  a 
mile  from  Shermantown.  There  is  10  ft. 
of  an  open  cut  on  the  ledge,  and  a  tunnel 
in  35  ft.,  making  45  ft.  altogether  run  on 
tho  ledge.  In  the  back  end  of  the  tunnel 
there  is  a  well  defiued  foot  wall,  and  a 
good  showing  of  ore.  There  are  about  20 
tons  of  ore  on  the  dump.  The  length  of 
the  mine  is  800  ft. 

Kmi'ire. — The  Empire  mine  is  on  the 
west  slope  of  Treasure  Hill.  There  is  a 
tunnel  in  100  ft.,  showing  a  large  body  of 
carbonate  and  milling  ore.  The  pitch  of 
the  ore  is  almost  vertical.  Inside  of  the 
tunnel  there  is  a  lot  of  ore  sacked  up,  that 
■was  taken  out  while  running  the  tunnel. 
About  a  year  ago  a  shipment  of  ore  was 
made  to  S.  F.,  which  worked  $100  to  the 
ton. 

Mobile. — The  Mobile  is  about  half  a 
mile  up  the  canon,  above  the  Great  Valley 
mine.  A  tunnel  is  run  in  on  the  ledge 
200  ft.,  and  shows  a  true  fissure  vein,  with 
well-defined  walls.  In  the  center  of  the 
location  there  is  a  shaft  70  ft.  deep,  show- 
ing ore  from  3  to  5  ft.  in  width,  that  assays 
$80  and  8200  to  the  ton.  A  drift  is  in  80 
ft.  from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  There  is 
about  450  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  that 
was  taken  out  of  the  drift.  A  force  of  men 
is  at  work  prospecting  and  making  further 
developments. 

Bowie  &  Brown. — This  location  is  1,000 
ft.  in  length,  on  the  northwest  end  of 
Blue  Hill.  There  is  a  tunnel  in  100  ft.. 
which  taps  the  mine  at  75  ft.  from  the  sur- 
face. The  ore  is  of  a  bluish  green  cast,  of 
a  copper  character,  and  requires  roasting. 
A  shaft  is  down  45  ft.  from  the  bottom  of 
the  tunnel  showing  the  ore  body  increas- 
ing in  thickness.  About  50  tons  of  ore 
were  breasted  out  and  milled,  going  from 
$90  to  8100  to  the  ton. 

Reindeer. — The  Reindeer  is  an  exten- 
sion of  the  Empire,  and  owned  by  the 
same  Company.  There  is  a  shaft  down  40 
ft. ,  showing  a  fine  body  of  carbonate  ore, 
going  down  vertically,  as  in  the  Empire. 
45  tons  of  the  ore  taken  out  [of  the  shaft 
was  worked,  and  averaged  $100  to  the  ton. 
Assays  of  the  ore  go  as  high  as  8500  to  the 
ton.     The  "length  of  the  mine  is  1,400  ft. 

Lite  Yankee. — A  shaft  is  down  65  ft., 
from  which  67  tons  of  ore  were  taken  out 
and  sold  on  the  dumps  for  $20  per  ton. 
The  ore  assays  $60  to  $900  to  the  ton,  and 
will  average  about  $100.  The  character  is 
copper,  with  a  showing  of  lead.  The  last 
shift  of  men  averaged  a  ton  of  ore  to  the 
hand  in  the  breast.  The  location  is  1,000 
ft.  in  length. 

Other  Base  Mines. — Among  the  most 
prominent  base  mines  are  the  Imperial, 
Monitor  and  C.  O.  D.  There  has  been 
a  large  amount  of  work  done  on  the  Imper- 
ial, showing  an  immense  body  of  ore. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines— North  Aurora. 
The  Risdale  chamber  has  improved  very 
much  in  appearance  since  our  last  visit. 
The  ore  is  of  a  higher  grade  and  requires 
but  little  assorting.  Shipping  from  30  to 
35  tons  daily  by  tramway.     Rich  bunches 


of  high  grade  ore  have  come  in.     Hoisting 
night  and  day   through  the   Engine  shaft, 
and  shipping  50  to  60  tons  daily   by  tram- 
way to  mill. 
East   Sheboygan. — Ten    men    are    em- 

1  ill, \.-,l  in  the  different  works.  The  south 
drift  has  made  0  ft.  in  depth  since  last  re- 
port. Exchange  incline  made  3  ft. ;  spar 
in  the  bottom.  Regent  drift  made  7  ft.  the 
past  week,  making  a  total  distance  of  95  ft. 
Tho  ore  in  sight  is  of  a  better  quality  than 
any  over  before  taken  out.  Tho  ore  is  one 
foot  in  thickness,  lying  on  a  spar  wall. 

Asbcrv  Ti/NNEL. — Korrie  has  resumed 
work  in  tho  tunnel  with  a  force  of  men. 
Ho  has  a  contract  for  the  whole  work.  The 
tunnel  is  in  over  300  ft.  Running  ahead 
and  prospecting  in  tho  side  drifts. 

Eiiehhamdt. — There  is  one  shift  at  work 
cleaning  out  the  snow  from  the  Keystone 
tunnel.  Shipping  ore  every  alternate  day 
by  tramway  to  mill. 

<!i:x.  Lee. — Following  spar  seam  up  the 
hill  from  the  ore  chambor.  There  is  a 
width  of  3  ft.  of  ore  in  sight,  and  improv- 
ing in  quality  as  work  is  pushed  ahead. 
The  indications  for  opening  up  a  good  body 
of  oro  are  flattering. 

Copper  Glance. — Two  men  employed. 
Drift  at  the  bottom  of  shaft  driven  ahead  3 
ft.  since  last  mentioned.  The  new  or  north 
shaft  is  sinking  in  limestone;  cap  put  down 
3  ft.  since  last  report. 

San  Juan  del  Rio. — The  oro  is  improv- 
ing in  quality  as  depth  is  attained. 

Beecher  Cons. — There  is  a  shift  of  two 
men  working  at  present. 

Beeoher.  —  Sinking  the  winze  in  the 
Phillpotts  chamber  to  connect  with  the 
East  drift  of  the  Lady's  chamber.  Run- 
ning 2  shifts  of  6  men. 

South  Aurora. — Work  progresses  as 
usual  in  the  tunnel  and  shafts  with  encour- 
aging prospects. 

Pocotillo. — The  ore  is'of  a  fair  milling 
grade. 

Outside  Dists. — Grant  is  65  miles  south 
of  Hamilton,  and  about  12  miles  north  of 
the  mines  of  the  Troy  M.  &  M.  Co.  The 
mines  are  favorably  situated  and  easy  of  ac- 
cess. Within  a  radius  of  a  half  mile  is  a 
group  of  mines  that  have  been  more  or  less 
developed.  Following  are  the  results  of 
assays  made  from  a  number  of  the  mines: 
Chieftain  lode,  South  of  the  canon,  carries 

2  ft.  of  ore  that  assays  $300  to  $600  to  the 
ton.  A  short  distance  south  are  the  White 
Cloud,  Poorman,  and  Patriarch.  The  first 
named  has  a  shaft  down  6  f t. ,  showing  with 
well-defined  footwall,  2  ft.  of  mineral,  as- 
saying $70  to  $500  to  the  ton.  On  the 
Poorman  there  is  a  shaft  down  60  ft.,  with 
a  vein  of  4  ft.  in  width,  2  ft.  of  it  good 
milling  ore,  which  assays  $120  to  $500  to 
the  ton.  The  Patriarch  shows  a  fine  body 
of  ore  on  the  surface  that  is  traced  out  for 
several  hundred  feet.  Assays  go  from  $80 
to  $600  per  ton.  About  a  mile  and  a  half 
southwest  is  the  Ramshorn,  on  which  a 
shaft  iB  down  10  ft.,  showing  well-defined 
walls  and  a  vein  of  mineral,  going  $50  to 
$250  per  ton.  The  Rocket,  South  of  Fish 
Springs,  is  also  a  well  developed  lode. 
The  ore  assays  $50  to  $250  to  the  ton.  Con- 
nel  lode  is  north  of  Hunter's  canon,  a  short 
distance  below  the  spring.  This  ledge 
promises  to  be  the  leading  mine  of  the 
Dist.  The  country  rock  is  quartzite.  There 
is  a  shaft  down  40  ft. ,  with  6  ft.  of  ore,  pitch- 
ing at  an  angle  of  45  degrees.  The  ore  as- 
says from  $90  to  $300  per  ton. 

Idaho. 

Quartz. — Silver  City  Avalanche,  Feb.  3: 
During  Jan.  the  quartz  weighed  at  Gar- 
lick's  scales  foots  up  2,200  tons. 

Local  Record. — The  Elmore  mine  still 
continues  rich  in  the  7th  level  which  is 
being  run  north  fast.  The  ledge  looks  well 
in  the  winze,  which  is  being  both  sunk  and 
raised.  The  only  bad  feature  about  this 
chimney  of  ore  is,  that  it  commences  about 
100  ft.  north  of  the  shaft,  and  cannot  be 
mined  out  until  the  6th  level  drift  is  in  far 
enough  to  sink  a  winze  from  the  6th  to  the 
7th  level,  to  give  ventilation  of  air,  which 
will  occupy  about  2  months.  The  object 
of  sinking  the  winze  from  the  7th  level  is 
to  determine  whether  the  rich  body  of  ore 
goes  down.  If  such  is  found  to  be  the 
case,  the  main  shaft  will  then  be  sunk  for 
the  8th  level. 

That  portion  of  the  Oro  Fino  mine 
owned  and  worked  by  the  Elmore  Co.,  is 
not  turning  oat  quite  as  much  ore  as  it 
was  a  short  time  ago,  neither  is  the  ore 
quite  so  good. 

The  Oro  Fino  Discovery  North,  which 
Minear  is  working  for  the  Owyhee  Co.  is 
turning  out  more  ore  daily  than  usual, 
and  of  a  somewhat  better  quality. 

The  ore  is  improving  in  the  3d  level 
drift  north,  which  is  being  run  by  the 
North  Oro  Fino  Co.  This  drift  is  run  for 
the  purpose  of  getting  into  the  ground  of 
the  latter  Co.,  and  is  nearly  to  the  line. 
The  waste  rock  and  ore  is  hoisted  through 


the  main  shaft  of  the  North  Discovery 
ground. 

The  Golden  Chariot  mine  is  being  work- 
ed under  considerable  disadvantage,  on 
account  of  the  great  distance  of  the  shaft 
eastward  of  the  ledge.  At  the  8th  level  it 
was  found  necessary  to  run  a  cut  75  ft.  in 
order  to  tap  the  ledge,  and  at  the  9th  level 
it  would  tako  a  cross  cut  of  more  than  100 
ft.  to  connect  the  shaft  with  the  ledge. 
Supt.  Davies  proposes,  if  his  Co.  is  will- 
ing, to  remedy  this,  and  save  the  expense 
of  running  cross  cuts  by  constructing  a 
new  shaft — with  3  compartments,  2  for 
hoistingand  1  forpumping— down  through 
the  old  stopes  on  the  same  incline  as  the 
vein.  The  mine  sent  800  tons  of  the  ore 
to  tho  Owyhee  mill  last  month. 

The  South  Chariot  Co.  is  still  running 
its  4th  level  drift  north.  The  drift  is  in 
200  ft.  from  the  shaft,  or  268  ft.  from  the 
south  line.  In  the  face  of  the  drift,  the 
ledge  is  considerably  split  up,  but  the 
walls  are  good. 

An  immense  rich  body  of  ore  is  said  to 
have  been  struck  in  the  winze  of  the  War 
Eagle  mine  this  week,  which  is  creating 
considerable  stir  in  camp. 

Mr.  Knott  continues  operations  in  his 
Florida  Mountain  mine  and  has  been  rush- 
ing the  ore  down  to  tho  Cosmos  mill  for 
several  days  past. 

Montana. 

Helena  Reduction  Works. — Helena 
Gazelle,  Jan.  29:  The  last  furnace  lighted 
is  yielding  at  the  rate  of  2,000  lbs.  of  bull- 
ion every  24  hours.  The  product  from  6 
p.  m.  on  Tuesday  to  the  same  hour  last 
evening,  was  38  bars,  weighing  from  53  to 
55  lbs.  each.  Another  furnace  will  be 
fired  to-morrow. 

Utah. 

Pioche  Bullion. — Salt  Lake  Tribune, 
Feb.  3:  During  the  last  week,  W.  F.  &  Co. 
have  received  and  forwarded  the  following 
lots  of  fine  bullion  from  Pioche.  Jan.  27, 
6  bars,  87,538.20;  Jan.  29,  7  bars,  §9,188.- 
29;  Jan.  31,  7  bars,  $9,066.42;  Feb.  1,  16 
bars,  849,003.40.  Total,  $74,816.31.  To- 
day 6  bars  more  will  be  received  which 
will  swell  the  amount  to  more  than  §80,000. 

New  Gold  Field. — By  telegraph — St. 
George,  Feb.  3.  Rich  discoveries  of  gold 
are  reported  on  the  bars  of  the  Colorado 
river,  below  the  mouth  of  Diamond  river, 
and  about  100  miles  south  of  this  place. 
With  copper  sheets  $14  per  day  can  be 
washed  out  by  one  man.  Miners  are  con- 
stantly passing  through  here  en  route  for 
the  new  El  Dorado,  and  large  numbers 
are  going  up  the  Colorado  from  Lower 
Cal.  and  Arizona. 

The  Silver  Belt  dist.,  near  Pinto,  is  crea- 
ting considerable  excitement  among  pros- 
pectors, and  new  discoveries  are  being 
made.  The  average  assay  of  the  ores  in 
that  dist.  is  about  $50  per  ton  silver. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board, 

San  Fbancisco,  February  15,  1872. 

The  mining  share  market  has  fluctuated  con- 
siderably during  the  past  week  and  transactions 
generally  have  been  large.  Friday,  stocks  were 
rather  weak;  Saturday,  very  much  depressed, 
and  a  general  collapse  to  a  certain  extent ;  Mon- 
day, further  depressed;  Tuesday,  strong  again; 
Wednesday,  fair,  and  to-day  the  excitement  had 
quieted  down  materially,  all  descriptions  show 
a  marked  decline  over  prices  of  last  Thursday. 

The  receipts  from  the  North  Star  mine,  at 
Grass  Valley,  for  the  month,  aggregate  $22,330. 
The  sales  for  the  week  ending  Wednesday  the 
7th  inst.,  at  the  Stock  Board,  amounted  to  the 
unprecedented  sum  of  $8,045,600;  for  the  pre- 
vious week  they  amounted  to  $4,208,000. 
Saturday  last  showed  a  very  marked  decline  in 
the  prices  of  mining  stocks,  all  the  prominent 
Washoe  descriptions  being  lower  and  the  de- 
cline being  from  §10  to  $90  per  share  from  the 
day  before.  The  last  clean-up  of  the  Succor 
mine  yielded  $8,200,  and  that  of  the  Virtue 
mine  $3,350;  the  yield  of  the  latter  for  January 
was  $7,500.  The  January  receipts  from  the 
Meadow  Valley  mine  were  $141,000,  and  on 
this  month's  account  $25,300  have  been  re- 
ceived. Last  week  796  tons  of  ore  were  taken 
from  the  Crown  Point  mine,  valued  at  $33,000, 
and  888  tons  from  the  Chollar-Potosi,  assaying 
$48.62  per  ton. 

The  Lemon  Mill  &  Mining  Co.  elected  the 
following  Trustees  on  the  10th  inst. ;  G.  W. 
Clark(President),  John  Hahn,  H.  H.  Shafer, 
H.  Baroilhet,  and  F.  A.  Oliver.  J.  T.  Milli- 
ken  was  re-elected  Secretary  and  G.  Dussol, 
Treasurer. 

Last  week  the  Savage  mine  produced  987  tons 
of  ore  averaging  $37.47.    On  the  10th  inst.  the 


Superintendent  of  the  Baymond  &  Ely  mine 

sent  down  $18,300  from  the  old  mill. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 

Decline.-  S.  F  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Feb.  a.  Bight*.  Lotted.  Feb.  15.  Ade.  />«• 

Alpha *40  40  tl  2«  -  |«U 

A  mad  or. —  —  —  —  —  — 

Belcher 690  680  630  630  —  SO 

Buekiyo «J4  *  *l4  *%  —  — 

Chnllnr-Potosi  ..  86  86  54  66  ,—  20 

nit    19  1H  10  10  —  9 

Oooa.  Virginia...  Si  «  40  42  —  10 

Crown  Point. ...761  "<>  750  —  —  — 

Daney —  vi  2  2%  —  — 

Kureka  Com.  ...  '.'h  26  24  V>%  —  'i 

'  ur-kn ISt'i  Yi%  U'i  -  —  — 

BxoheQuar —  is  in  15  — 

Gould  A  Curry. 315  345  HO  217.'*  —  NIK 

Golden  Chariot..  13  15  12  —  —  — 

HnleANorcrOBB  305  305  |U  255  —  50 

Imperial 130  130  72  K  85—45 

Ida  Elmore 143,  UK  N  —  —  — 

Kentruok mo  260  190  2U%  —  "K 

.M&ram-th 50o  fiOo  50o  —  —  — 

Meadow  Valley  .  I'J  19  16  16*  —  234 

Mahogany 10K  1QW  90  -  —  — 

Ophir 125  125  SO  105  —  20 

Orlfc  Hid.  Treaa.  —  8  7JK  —  —  — 

Overman 65  »  52  81%  —  IX 

Pioche   .., U  14  10*  11  —  3 

Haymond  4  Ely.Ul  141  121  138  —  3 

SnvaRn        310  310  140  2-10  —  80 

Sierra  Nevada...  14  3t  22K  23  —  — 

5K  -  IK 


Yellow  Jacket...  90 

St.  Patrick    20 

Sog.  Belohor....  67 


S% 
90 

20 


16 


7J 


-  17 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


Alpha  Coua.. 

Amador 

Belcher I 

Chollar-PotoBi.. 
Grown  Point. .. . 

Daney 

Eureka  Cons.... 

Eureka    

Oolden  Chariot. 
Gould  A  Carry. 
Hole  A  Noroross 


BID.  A8KF.D. 


1)1 0.  ASKED 


Ida  Elmore 

IiiiV'-ridl    83 

Kcntiiek U0 

M.wli.w   Valley..     Ili'i 

Oi-hir     110 

Oriu.  Hid.  Troae     — 

Overman 55 

Savano    BS 

Raymond*  Ely.  134 
Sierra  Nevada...  21 
Yellow  Jacket. . .     11% 


142 

1«H 
115 


230 
130i 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory — Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scien- 
tific Press  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
NAME,  LOOATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF"  ASSEBS&DSNT  DELINQUENT.      OF  BALE. 

Alhambra  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec.9,50c.Jan.  13— Feb.  27* 
Buckeye  G.  k  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9,  $1  .Feb.  13,  Mar  14 

Caledonia S  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Feb.  1,  $4 Mar  8— Mar.  29 

Cherokee  Flat,  Bntte  Co..  Jan.  3,  $2.50. ..Feb.  6  Feb.  23 
Daney  G.  k  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Feb.  1.  65c.Mur.  4— Mar.  25 
Emerald  Hill  M.  Co.,  U.T.,  Jan  11,  25c.— Feb.  19,  Mar.  14 
Empire  M.  &  M.  Co..  Nev.,  Jan.  5.  $10... Feb.  8— Feb.  26 
Golden  AKe&EmpireM.Co.Feb.9,$>.50.  Mar.  12— Apr.3 

Gou'd  &  Currv,  Nov.,  Jan  30,  $15 Mar.  4— April  26 

Golden  Chariot.  I.   T..  Jan.  31— $2  50,  Mar.  9,   Mar  30 

Ida  Ellmore,  Idaho.  Dec.  30  $3.00 Jan.  81— March  4 

Imperials.  M.  Co.,  Nev  ,  Jan.  5,  $10 Feb.  8.  Fob,  26 

Kentuck,  Nev..  Jan.  20,  $10 Feb  24— Mar.  13. 

Lemon  M.  k  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  6,  SOcFcb,  10— March  2 
Mahogany  G.&S.M.Co,  I.T.  Jan.  2G,$1.50  Mar.  6— Mar.  23 
Mina  Kica  M.  Co.,  Cal..  Jan.  16,  20c. Feb.  19— March  11* 

Monitor  &  Masmet,  N.  T.  Dec.  4,  25c Jan.  23— Feb.  17 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  k  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan  8,  25c. .Fe  5— Fe  22* 
Nevada  L.  and  M.  Co..  Nev..  Jan.  9.  4c. Feb.  13— Mar.  4* 
Nonpareil  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal..  Dec.  27,  $3. 50. Feb.  3— Feb.  24 
Noonday  S.M.Co.  White  Pine,  Eeb.l,20c.Mar.  5— Mar  25 

Overman,  Nev.,  Feb.  22.  $4 Feb.  22— Mar.  11. 

Phoenix,  Nev.,  Jan.  18,  75c Feb.  22— Mar.  13. 

Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  N.,  Jan.  20,  80c.-Mar.  1,  Mar.23* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19.  $1  Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

SierraS  M.  Co..  Nev.,  Jan  4,  $3 Feb.  6— Feb.  23 

Silver  Wave,  White  Pine,  Dec.  19,  $3..  Jan.  25— Feb.  23* 

Silver  Wave,  Nev..  Jan.  30,  $1 Feb.  26— Mar.  19  * 

South  Chariot  M.  Co.,  I.  T„  Feb.  8,  $l...Mar.  9— April  1 
St.  Patrick  M.  Co.  Placer  co.  Cal.  Feb.8,$4  Mar.13— Apr.2 
S.  Gulch  Gr.  M.  Co..Cal.,  Feb  7,  $1. SO. Mar  13— April3* 
Succor.  M.  M.  Co.,  G.  H..  Jan.  3,  $1.50.  ..Feb  6    Feb.  27 

Tecnmseh,  Cal.,  Jan.  23,  $4 Feb.  27— Mar.  16* 

Tallulah  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  $1 Mar,  5— Mar.  26 

UnioriG.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  4,  $1,00 Feb.  5- -Feb.  26* 

Wni.  Penn,  Nev.  Jan.  16,  50c Feb.  10— Mar.  11* 

Washington  k  Creole  M.  Co.  Feb.  16, 50c.  Mar.  15  — Apr.ll 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Central  S.  M.  Co Annnal  Meeting  Feb.  28 

Chapman  M.  k  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  11 

Justice  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Feb.  19 

"Virtue  G.  M.  Co Meeting,  Feb.  23 

White  Pine  Smelting  Co Meeting  Feb.  17 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— ( Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $15 Payable  Feb.  5 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb .  10 

Crown  Point,  $15 ...Payable  Feb.  12 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co.l  perct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  6 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $3 Payable  Feb.  10 

Meadow  Valley,  $1 .50 Payable  Dec.  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Feb.  10 

Raymond  k  Ely,  $5 Payable  Dec.  18 

San  Francisco  T.  k  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Feb.  5 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  Dec.  5 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


-04K 
-05K 


-05 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  A  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  Btreet.] 

PRICES  FOR   IN V01CB8 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  eent.  higher  than  the 
following  otmtationa. 

Thursday,  February  15, 1872 

Iron.— 

Scotch  andJEngliflh  Pig  Iron,  Q  ton $52  50    @  55  00 

White  PiK,  ^  ton 45  00 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^  lb —  04 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  fi  lb —  05 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  05 

Plate, No.  5to9 ^ 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  05%U 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —Of 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —  0( 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc      5     @  6 

Sheathing,  ?3  lb —24  @  —  26 

Sheathing,  Yellow" —  24  at  —  25 

Sheathing.  Old  Yellow —  H  @  —  n% 

Composition  Nails —  24  — 

Composition  Bolts —  24  — 

Tin  Plates. — 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  3  box 12  00 

Plates,  ICCharcoal  10  00  10  50 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

BancaTin.  Stabs.?*  lb —  45 

Steel.— English  Cast,  "§  lb —  16  —17 

Drill 16  17 

FlatBar 17  20 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 12^ 

guicesiLVER.— $  lb —  85 

EAD.-Pig,<ffllb —05%     —  0fi« 

Sheet —08  —   B% 

Pipe —    9  —10 

Bar 08  —09 

Zraa-Sheets,  $  lb —10  —10^ 

Borax,— Refined —  25  -  30 

Borax,  crude —   5 


102 


SCIENTIFIC^  PRESS* 


[February  17,  1872. 


Wastage  of  the  Precious  Metals. 

BY  ALMAETN  B.  PAUL. 

[Written  tor  the  Pkess.] 
The  fact  that  a  high  percentage  of  the 
precious  metals  is  lost  in  the  manipulating 
of  ores  by  the  present  modes  of  working, 
no  one  for  a  moment  questions;  but  when 
it  comes  to  any  special  data,  but  little  has 
been  presented  to  the  public.  Some  as- 
sert their  loss  to  be  only  a  trifle,  while 
others,  who  more  closely  investigate,  know 
it  to  be  greater  than  it  should  be.  Shake- 
speare says,  "He  who  knoweth  not  what 
is  lost,  loseth  nothing;"  and  in  that  sense> 
some  lose  nothing;  but  investigation  shows 
that  it  is  too  enormous  to  be  continued. 
The  precious  metals  are  the  life  blood  of 
the  nation,  the  vital  element  that  electrifies 
and  ennerve  a  people.  They  spread  com- 
forts and  expand  ideas,  and  with  their 
abundance  nations  as  well  as  individ- 
uals dare  to  act.  While  their  scarcity 
causes  all  to  shrink  within  themselves, 
deadening  a  life,  that  otherwise  might 
shine  with  startling  brilliancy. 

It  therefore  behoves  all  to  augment  the 
yield,  and  the  first  step  to  that  end  is  a 
clear  realization  of  the  loss. 

Having  closely  investigated  the  subject 
f  orthe  past  five  years,  I  find  the  average  loss 
so  great,  that  really  I  think,  if  there  is  not 
more  care  taken  in  the  husbanding  of  our 
riches,  when  extracted  from  the  earth,  the 
Government  should  take  measures  to  do 
so. 

There  is  an  idea  that  all  gold  is  readily 
amalgamated,  and  therefore  it  is  not  nec- 
essary to  be  so  particular;  consequently 
there  is  an  unwarrantable  degree  of  care- 
lessness. I  have  learned  by  practical 
working  in  both  gold  and  silver  that  a 
higher  percentage  of  silver  is  more  readily 
obtained  by  the  known  system  of  working 
for  silver,  than  the  percentage  of  gold  by 
its  most  advanced  system,  showing  that 
gold  milling  is  far  behind  silver  working, 
although  as  before  remarked,  gold  is  con- 
sidered so  "readily  amalgamated."  Yet 
to  adopt  the  systems  for  gold  that  are  used 
in  silver,  affords  no  especial  relief. 

That  many  readers  may  have  some  data, 
as  a  corner-stone,  to  build  their  ideas 
upon,  before  I  go  to  far  in  my  general 
observations,  I  will  give  a  few  tests  of  the 
many  which  I  have  made  in  the  last  two 
years,  and  intersperse  with  them,  as  ad- 
ditional evidence,  views  of  other  parties. 
And  here  I  would  call  the  reader's  especial 
attention  to  the  fact  of  a  goodly  percentage 
.  of  silver  in  all  of  our  California  ores;  and 
I  will  also  remark  that  the  assay  of  tailings 
does  not  even  show  what  percentage  of 
silver  the  ores  contain,  as  some  may  be  in 
the  form  of  chlorides  which  move  off  in 
the  water.  But  to  the  tests  of  our  gold 
mining. 

Tesi  No.  1. — Average  yield  of  ore  in 
mill.  $18.60.  "Wastage  after  complete 
washing,  including  concentrating, — Silver 
$3.14;  Gold,  $10.04;  total  $13.18. 

Test  No.  2. — Same  mill  tailings  350  feet 
from  mill,— Silver,  $3,93;  Gold,  $5.02; 
total,  $8.98  Showing  that  a  percentage 
secreted  itself  in  its  passage  down  stream. 
Test  No.  3. — Average  yield  of  150  tons, 
$3.50.  Assays  of  tailings  carefully  sam- 
pled,—Silver,  $6.28;  Gold,  $13.55;  total, 
$18.83.  Silver,  $6.28;  Gold,  $8.79;  total, 
$15.07. 

The  above  bad  results  were  occasioned 
by  the  extreme  fineness  of  the  gold.  And 
even  the  above  does  not  show  the  full 
wastage.  To  corroborate  this,  I  will  give 
some  admirable  tests  made  to  get  at  the 
question  of  "float  gold." 

A  friend  of  mine,  having  somewhat  simi- 
lar ideas  to  my  own,  concluded  to  test  the 
question  of  float  gold  as  well  as  he  could 
at  the  time,  and  embraced  the  opportunity 
of  cleaning  up  the  slum  from  a  water  tank 
for  supplying  the  battery,  where  the  water 
was  used  over  and  over  again  in  conse- 
quence of  its  scarcity.  The  ores  were 
worked  after  the  usual  wet  method  for 
gold  ores.  The  water  and  pulp  were  first 
passed  through  a  sluice  to  tailing  bed,  190 
feet.  The  tailings  being  deposited,  the 
water  was  drawn  off  at  the  top,  flowing 
into  a  well,  where  it  was  raised,  and  passed 
through  a  sluice  120  feet  to  tank  at  bat- 
tery.   This  is  the  tank  cleaned  up. 

The  residue  was  amalgamated  in  a  tub 
quite  rudely,  bat  with  a  large  body  of 
mercury  and  chemicals.  The  result  was 
$33  in  silver  and  $56  in  gold,  making  a 
total  of  $89  per  ton.  It  will  be  observed 
that  there  were  two  chances  for  the  metals 
to  precipitate  previous  to  reaching  this 
tank: — first,  in  the  tailing  reservoir,  and 
second,  in  the  well. 
This  "  float"  metal  question  is  further 


established  by  a  system  of  tests  made  by 
Mr.  McDouga'l,  of  Grass  Valley,  who  very 
kindly  allowed  me  to  extract  the  same 
from  his  books  of  test.  And  here  let  me 
sav  that  these  tests  are  made  from  water 
flowing  from  mills  at  a  point  three-fourths 
of  a  mile  below  the  mills. 

1st  test  of  20  gallons  of  water  gave 1.10  cents 

2d  '     "3     " 

3d  "  "  "  "    95    " 

«h -S3 

5th         "  "  "  "     102     " 

6th         "  "  "  "    1.13    " 

7th  "    .         "  "  "     97     " 

8th 3.12     « 

9th  "  "  "  "     1-07     " 

10tl        "  "  "  "     «3     " 

11th 101     " 

12th ■  -90     " 

Average  1-18    " 

It  was  estimated  that  576,000  gallons  of 
this  "muddy  water"  flowed  by  every  24 
hours,  which,  according  to  these  tests, 
contain  $339.84.  Let  us  carry  this  calcula- 
tion a  little  further. 

The  average  amount  of  ore  worked  in  24 
hours  was  given  as  58  toDS.  This  shows 
that  $5,85  per  ton  "floats,"  which  proba- 
bly is  at  least  20  per  cent,  of  the  yield. 
Let  us  run  this  loss  a  little  further.  Sup- 
pose the  two  mills  run  250  days  in  each 
year,  which  is  not  unreasonable,  and  we 
have  a  yearly  loss  in  "float  gold  "alone, 
to  say  nothing  of  loss  by  imperfect  pulver- 
ization and  general  wastage,  of  $84,960.00 
from  two  single  mills. 

As  additional  evidence,  I  introduce  the 
following  from  a  pamphlet  of  G.  W.  Ba- 
ker. 

In  commenting  upon  the  methods  em- 
ployed at  Morro  Velho  for  saving  gold  con- 
tained in  sulphuret  ores,  the  following 
statement  was  made  in  regard  to  the  pulp 
issuing  from  the  mills.  It  is  copied  again 
in  view  of  fixing  the  authority  upon  which 
we  assert  the  "loss  by  flow,"  as  an  import- 
ant item  in  our  calculation. 

1  st.  Free  gold  capable  of  concentration 
by  washing. 

2d.  Free  gold  in  a  lamellar  form,  lia- 
ble to  be  carried  off  in  snspengionby  water. 

3d.  Mechanically  combined  gold;  en- 
closed in  particles  of  pyrites,  but  capable 
of  being  liberated  by  further  grinding 
No  mercury  having  been  allowed  in  the 
battery,  this  pulp  is  properly  thinned  by 
adding  water  and  then  conducted  "over 
inclined  platforms  about  eighteen  inches 
in  width  and  from  twenty-seven  to  thirty -five 
feet  in  length,  which  have  a  fall  of  one 
inch  per  foot.  The  first  sixteen  feet  of 
these  '  Strakes '  are  covered  with  bullock 
skins  two  feet  two  inches  long,  and  of  the 
width  of  the  strake,  tanned  with  the  hair 
on  them;  a  series  of  baize  cloths,  each  two 
feet  ten  inches  long,  are  employed  below 
these,  which  are  again  followed,  at  the 
lower  end  of  the  arrangement,  by  another 
series  of  over-lapping  skins.  A  certain 
quantity  of  finely  divided  gold  is  caught 
even  on  the  last  of  these  skins,  whilst  a 
considerable  portion,  estimated  at  ten  per 
cent,  of  the  total  amount  present,  is  carried  off 
in  suspension  by  the  water."  The  last  two 
lines  are  italicised  to  draw  attention  to  the 
fact  stated.  Some  time  since,  when  we 
made  it  a  little  rough  on  Gilpin  county 
practices,  we  stated  that  the  assays  of  tail- 
ings published  by  us  did  not,  and  could 
not,  show  the  loss  actually  carried  off  by 
the  water.  Here  we  find  the  estimate 
placed  at  ten  per  cent,  after  a  thirty-five 
feet  of  catch  has  been  passed  over.  How 
much  more  is  the  loss  here,  with  no  catch 
excepting  amalgamated  plates  for  a  few 
feet? 

[To  he  continued.] 

A  Beautiful  Chemical  Experiment. 

The  following  beautiful  chemical  exper- 
iment may  easily  be  performed  by  a  lady, 
to  the  great  astonishment  of  a  circle  at 
her  tea  party:  Take  two  or  three  leaves  of 
red  cabbage,  cut  them  in  small  bits,  put 
them  into  a  basin,  and  pour  a  pint  of  boiling 
water  on  them;  let  it  stand  an  hour,  then 
pour  off  the  liquid  in  a  decanter.  It  will 
be  of  a  fine  blue  color.  Then  take  four 
wine  glasses;  into  ono  put  six  drops  of 
strong  vinegar,  another  six  drops  of  solu- 
tion of  soda,  into  a  third  the  same  quan- 
tity of  a  strong  solution  of  alum,  and  let 
the  fourth  glass  remain  empty.  The 
glasses  may  be  prepared  some  time  before, 
and  the  few  drops  of  colorless  liquids  which 
have  been  placed  in  them  will  not  be 
noticed.  Fill  up  the  glasses  from  the  de- 
canter, and  the  liquid  poured  into  the 
glass  containing  the  acid  will  quickly  be- 
come a  beautiful  red,  that  in  the  glass 
containing  the  soda  will  be  a  fine  green, 
that  poured  in  the  empty  one  will  remain 
unchanged.  By  adding  a  little  vinegar  to 
the  green  it  will  immediately  change  to  a 
red,  and  adding  a  little  solution  of  soda  to 
the  red  it  will  assume  a  fine  green,  thus 
showing  the  actions  of  acids  and  alkalies 
on  vegetable  blues. 


The  Acorn  Woodpecker. 

The  accompanying  cut  represents  the 
result  of  the  woodpeckers'  industry  and 
forethought  in  providing  for  himself  pro- 
visions for  winter  use,  and  storing  them 
where  they  are  safe  from  the  depredations 
of  his  enemies.  In  the  forests  of  the  Pa- 
cific slope  these  birds  abound,  and  their 
work  may  be  seen  on  every  thick-barked 
tree  where  acorns  are  plenty,  the  bark  per- 
forated with  little  holes  from  the  bottom 
to  the  top.  When  it  is  borne  in  mind  that 
one  variety  of  trees  grown  in  this  State, 
the  Sugar  Pine,Jfurnish  the  finest  speci- 
men of  tree  growth  in  the  world,  and  that 
their  trunks  often  form  a  perfectly  true 
column  for  over  100  feet  without  a  knot  or 
branch,  towering  altogether  sometimes 
over  200  feet  high,  these  industrious  little 
birds  must  have  a  good  deal  of  work  to  do 
to  perforate  the  bark  of  such  trees,  as  they 
often  do  almost  continuously,  from  the 
lower  branches  to  within  twenty  feet  of  the 
ground. 

Some  old  weather-wise  individuals  claim 
that  these  busy  little  elfs  unerringly  fore- 
tell in  autumn  the  severity  of  the  ap- 
proaching season  by  the  number  of  acorns 
they  put  in  store  for  winter,  hiding  away 
unusually    large    quantities   before    our 


hardest  seasons.  Whether  this  be  so  or 
not,  they  display  great  ingenuity  in  the 
manner  in  which  they  out  the  holes,  for 
they  are  made  in  such  a  manner  that 
the  squirrels  can  not  take  the  acorns  out. 
The  acorns  in  this  country  are  much  larger 
than  those  in  the  Eastern  States,  and  the 
birds  cut  a  hole  about  two  inches  long, 
push  in  the  acorn  and  drive  it  in  tight  with 
their  bills  in  such  a  manner  that  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  extract  it  even  with  a  knife.  They 
never  put  an  acorn  twice  in  the  same  hole 
and  as  a  consequence  the  trees  of  our 
forests  are  pretty  generally  covered  with 
them.  At  any  time  during  the  autumn  the 
traveler  may  hear  their  peculiar  drumming 
sound  as  he  passes  through  the  woods. 
Some  people  state  that  they  never  eat  the 
acorn  itself  but  the  little  worm  which  is 
always  found  in  them  after  a  certain  time, 
which  accounts  lor  their  not  consuming 
them  early  in  the  winter.  However  this 
may  be  the  acorns  are  pretty  generally  de- 
stroyed by  spring,  and  the  little  holes 
with  the  shuck  of  the  acorn  remain  to 
show  where  the  woodpecker's  storehouse 
has  been. 


A  Live  Fish  Embedded  in  Ioe. — A  small 
fish,  imbedded  in  ice,  was  found  by  some 
workmen  engaged  in  taking  ice  from  the 
Humboldt  to  fill  the  ice-house  of  Mr. 
Haynes.  The  little  fellow  was  solidly  en- 
cased in  ice  as  clear  as  crystal,  and  when 
placed  in  water  and  the  ice  gradually 
melted  from  about  it,  its  rigidity  left,  the 
tail  quivered,  and  after  turning  over  a 
few  times  it  swam  away  as  if  nothing  had 
happened.  How  long  his  minnow-ship  had 
been  thus  housed  is  not  known  but  proba- 
bly not  less  than  two  months.  It  is  now 
a  companion  of  the  gold  fish  at  Haynes' 
saloon. — Ex. 


A  miniature  steam-engine,  built  of  gold, 
set  with  diamonds,  and  standing  on  a  three- 
cent  piece,  was  one  of  the  attractions  at 
the  Schenectady  Masonic  bazaar. 


The  United  States  issued  during  the 
year  1871  about  $500,000,000  of  postage 
stamps. 


The  Strike  in  the  Savage  Mine. 

The  following  article  which  we  condense 
slightly  from  the  Virginia  Enterprise  of 
the  8th  inst. ,  shows  the  wonderful  extent 
of  the  Cofnstock  lode  and  gives  a  good 
description  of  the  late  strike  in  the  Sav- 
age which  has  caused  such  an  excitement 
in  stock. 

A  Look  at  the  New  Strike. 

Yesterday,  for  the  first  time  since  the  re- 
port of  a  strike  in  the  Savage  mine,  vis- 
itors were  allowed  to  enter  the  mine  and 
examine  the  new  development.  Calling 
upon  Colonel  Shamp,  Superintendent  of 
the  mine,  at  his  office,  we  received  an  or- 
der directing  the  foreman  to  admit  us  to  • 
the  underground  regions  under  his  super- 
vision. 

Down  the  Incline. 

Upon  landing  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
we  were  furnished  with  candles  and  then 
marched  Indian  file  eastward  along  a  tun- 
nel a  distance  of  something  over  one  hun- 
dred feet.  Here  we  reached  the  incline, 
which  runs  down  from  the  main  shaft  east- 
ward at  an  angle  of  thirty-eight  degrees. 
In  this  incline,  which  is  spacious  and  most 
substantially  timbered,  on  one  side  a  car 
track  and  on  the  other  the  pump  column 
and  a  flight  of  steps.  Single  file  we  de- 
scended the  stairs  a  distance  of  170  feet. 
This  brought  us  to  a  drift  opening  on  the 
south  side  of  the  incline  and  to  the  now 
famous  1,400-ft  level,  where  center  the 
hopes  and  fears  of  so  many  persons  on  the 
Pacific  Coast. 

The  New  Development. 

Stepping  from  the  incline  into  the 
mouth  of  the  drift  last  mentioned,  we  ad- 
vanced along  it  south,  29  degrees  east,  a 
distance  of  100  feet,  and  before  us  was  the 
spot  in  which  the  new  deposit  of  ore  has 
been  found.  Some  workmen  were  en- 
gaged in  extending  the  drift  still  further 
southward,  while  on  our  right,  or  to  the 
west,  a  cross-cut  about  25  feet  in  length 
had  been  made.  In  this  cross-cut,  in  but 
a  short  distance  from  the  drift,  is  that  part 
of  the  new  body  which  contains  the  rich 
black  sulphuret  ore  which  appears  to  be 
the  .centre  and  heart  of  the  new  develop- 
ment. It  is  from  four  to  six  feet  in  width 
and  is  filled  with  streaks  and  bunches  of 
exceedingly  rich  black  sulphuret  ore.  On 
each  side  of  this  central  streak  there  is 
good  ore  for  some  feet,  but  going  west  it 
gradually  diminishes  in  richness,  till  at 
the  end  of  the  cross-cut  it  is  of  little  or  no 
value;  to  the  eastward  it  seems  to  taper  off 
much  in  the  same  way,  though  in  that  di- 
rection no  cross-cut  from  the  drift  has 
been  made.  Altogether  there  may  be  said 
to  be  a  width  of  about  20  feet  of  ore,  the 
richest  of  which  is  the  part  containing  the 
black  sulphuret  rock.  They  seem  to  have 
struck  upon  the  north  end  of  a  body  of  ore 
which  is  opening  out  to  the  southward. 

The  first  traces  of  pay-ore  are  found  in 
the  drift  back  to  the  northward,  near  30 
feet  from  the  cross-cut,  and  the  appear- 
ance of  the  rock  steadily  improved  to 
where  the  cross-cut  west  was  made.  In 
examining  this  cross-cut  at  the  point 
where  it  passes  through  the  black  sul- 
phuret section  more  good  ore  will  be 
found  on  the  south  than  on  the  north  side; 
indeed  everything  seems  to  indicate  that 
if  there  be  a  large  body  of  ore  found  it  will 
lie  to  the  southward^  Thus  far  all  the 
openings  that  have  been  made  into  the  de- 
posit are  the  drift  running  south  and  the 
cross-cut  from  it  to  the  west.  What  may 
be  ten  feet  ahead  in  any  direction  no  one  can 
tell;  but  there  is  every  indication  that  in  go- 
ing that  far  south  still  fine  ore  would  be 
found.  This  new  development  is  the  most 
important  that  has  been  made  in  years  on 
the  north  end  of  the  Comstock,  in  that  it 
proves  the  existence  of  rich  deposits  of 
ore  at  the  greatest  depths,  andtcheers,  en- 
courages and  gives  new  life  to  all  the  min- 
ing companies  at  work  upon  this  end  of 
the  great  lode. 

Still    Another    Level. 

From  the  1,400-foot  level  the  incline  is 
being  vigorously  pushed  on  down,  and  is 
now  within  50  feet  of  the  point  where  an- 
other level — the  1,500 — will  be  opened. 
At  this  great  depth  no  water  is  found  ;  in- 
deed, instead  of  pumping,  the  little  water 
found  above  is  from  time  to  time  run  down 
the  pump  column  to  the  end  of  the  incline 
for  use  in  blasting.  The  quantity  thus 
sent  down  only  serves  to  make  it  some- 
what slushy  at  the  bottom  of  the  incline, 
and  the  surplus  is  sent  up  by  the  car — it 
amounts  to  so  little.  After  leaving  the 
tenth  station — 1,300-foot  level — and  enter- 
ing the  incline,  the  air  is  everywhere  very 
hot,  and  causes  the  perspiration  to  stream 
from  the  visitor's  every  pore  ;  but  it  is 
fresh  and  produces  no  dissagreeable  feel- 
ing. In  coming  to  the  surface,  by  the  ad- 
vice of  Mr.  -  Bonnemort  we  took  the  car 
from  the  1,400-foot  level  and  rode  up  to 
the  1,300,   saving  170    feet    of    stairs. 


February  17,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS* 


103 


UsEfliL     fflfOF^IAJIQN. 


Gutta  Pebcha  Soles. — The  method  of 
putting  gutta  percha  soles  on  leather  is 
similar  -to  this.  First  take  all  the  nails 
out  and  rasp  the  solo  all  over  as  coarse  as 
possible,  then  give  it  acoatingof  solution, 
made  of  gutta  perch  and  naphtha,  and 
let  it  dry.  Then  get  your  gutta  percha, 
which  has  been  boiled  in  water  until  quite 
soft,  nnd  work  it  with  your  hands  until  the 
is  out  of  it.  Now  get  a  lump  that 
you  believe  will  be  enough  to  make  the 
sole,  and  work  it  into  a  bull.  Heat  your 
boot  a  little,  and  lay  tho  ball  on  the  centre 
of  the  sole,  and  with  the  palm  of  your 
hand  spread  it  over,  taking  care  to  cover 
the  whole,  (iive  it  a  slight  rap  on  an  iron 
plate.  In  about  half  an  hour  cut  it  round 
with  a  hot  piece  of  iron  smoothly,  and 
sand-paper  it.  The  heels  should  have  a 
little  scooped  out  of  the  centre,  which 
makes  a  good  foundation  for  the  lump  to 
rest  in. 


Anrn  11  iM.  Milk  Used  is  Paris During 
rm.  Siege. —When  natural  milk  became 
scarce  in  Paris,  an  artificial  milk  was  made 
by  dissolving  \y,  ounces  of  sugar  in  a 
quart  of  water,  addiug  an  ounce  of  dry 
albumin  (from  white  of  egg)  and  15  to  30 
grains  of  soda  crystals,  and  then  omul- 
sionizing  therein  from  1%  to  2  ounces  of 
olive  oil.  As  the  war  progressed,  gelatin 
was  snbsituted  for  the  albumin,  and  then 
slaughter-house  fats — purified  by  melting 
at  150°  and  then  projecting  in  them  small 
quantities  of  water — for  the  olive  oil. 
Ono  firm  made  in  this  latter  way,  132,000" 
gallons  of  milk  daily  for  Paris  consump 
tion. 


Qooo  He\ltH- 


The  Australian-  Meats  now  sold  in 
Europe,  and  elsewhere,  have  not  found 
their  way  to  this  country,  but  it  will  not 
be  long  before  the  plan  will  be  adopted 
hero  with  our  own  meats.  It  has  many 
advantages  which  commend  themselves. 
If  a  large  business  be  done  in  the  putting 
np  of  canned  meats,  and  they  are  put  upon 
the  market  the  same  as  oysters  and  canned 
fruits,  there  will  be  found  economy  both 
in  price  and  absence  of  waste.  It  will 
particularly  be  a  trade  which  will  meet  the 
demands  of  new  towns  in  remote  localities, 
which  at  certain  seasons  are  almost  with- 
out a  market. 


Adiertine. — Abiertine  or  extract  of  Fir 
Balsam,  is  a  recently  discovered  agent 
which  is  commanding  considerable  atten- 
tion. It  is  manufactured  about  forty 
miles  above  Oroville,  the  proprietors  hav- 
ing put  up  works  there  for  the  distillation 
of  the  balsam  from  which  it  is  made.  It 
is  highly  recommended  for  cleaning  type, 
taking  paint  and  other  stains  out  of  cloth- 
ing. It  is  also  recommended  for  sprains, 
burns,  neuralgia,  tooth-ache,  eto.  Should 
this  California  production  possess  the 
virtue  claimed,  the  discoverer  and  manu- 
facturer has  made  a  profitable  investment. 


Whisky. — It  is  stated  that  when  Russian 
troops  are  about  to  start  on  a  march  in  a 
very  cold  region,  no  grog  is  allowed.  The 
men  once  drawn  up,  it  becomes  the  cor- 
poral's duty  to  smell  their  breath  and  send 
back  all  who  have  been  drinking.  Many 
more  examples  might  be  cited,  to  prove 
that  it  is  the  universal  experience  of  all 
who  have  fairly  tested  it,  that  alcohol 
diminishes  our  power  to  resist  cold. 

How  is  This  ? — An  exchange  (we  find 
the  paragraph  among  the  "  miscellany  "  of 
the  College  Gourant)  says  :  "  Mr.  S.  S. 
Packard  has  for  some  years  held  open  a 
standing  offer  to  educate  gratuitously  fifty 
women  in  his  business  college.  He  states 
that  the  result  has  been  two  hundred  ap- 
plications, twenty  trials,  and  two  success- 
es."   What  was  his  standard  of  "success?" 


A  new  description  of  carpet  known  as 
India  Brussels,  has  been  introduced  of  the 
same  width  as  ordinary  tapestry  Brussels, 
and  said  to  possess  an  equally  good  ap- 
pearance. It  is  made  of  a  superior  quali- 
ty of  wool,  felted  so  as  to  make  the  fabric 
heavy  and  durable  ;  and  on  the  face  are 
printed,  in  colors,  designs  of  recent  intro- 
duction. 


The  Bat's  Wing. — It  has  been  found 
that  the  bat's  wing  and  the  ear  of  the  white 
mouse  are  most  abundantly  provided  with 
nerves,  apparently  for  the  purpose  of  sup- 
plying, by  means  of  a  very  refined  sense 
of  touch,  the  imperfection  of  vision.  The 
number  of  nerve  endings  on  each  ear  of 
the  white  mouse  are  estimated  at  6,000. 

Beet  Sugar  in  France. — The  production 
of  beet  sugar  in  France  gives  employment 
to  upwards  of  400  factories. 


Butteb  and  Wobms. — There  is  no  doubt 
that  the  larva)  of  the  various  worms  which 
infest  the  alimentary  canal  of  children,  and 
frequently,  too,  of  adults,  are  taken  in 
with  tho  food.  Greasy  substances  aro  apt 
to  abound  with  them.  In  a  late  German 
medical  journal,  a  Dr.  Hubbor  relates 
many  experiments  he  has  made  on  this 
subject,  and  he  comes  to  the  conclusion 
that  no  article  used  by  man  as  food,  es- 
pecially during  childhood,  is  so  prolific  a 
cause  of  intestinal  worms  as  butter.  The 
uso  of  butter  serves  also  for  the  introduc- 
tion of  insects,  as  well  as  worms;  and,  as 
American  children  seldom  eat  bread  with- 
out a  thick  coatiug  of  butter,  the  general 
presence  of  intestinal  worms  need  not  be 
wondered  at. — Home  and  Hearth. 

Rigidity  of  the  Jaws  in  Drowning 
Pebsoss  sot  a  Sigs  of  Death. — A  recent 
writer  assures  us  that  the  rigidity  of  tho 
jaws  in  a  person  taken  out  of  the  water 
after  long  emersion,  instead  of  being  a 
sign  of  death,  is  really  an  indication  that 
life  is  still  present,  as  it  disappears  only 
when  life  is  actually  extinct.  This,  of 
course,  is  not  to  be  confounded  with  the 
stiffening  of  the  entire  body  after  death, 
but  refers  entirely  to  tho  local  symptoms. 
We  aro,  therefore,  advised,  under  the  cir- 
cumstances indicated,  not  to  lose  hope, 
but  to  continue  to  make  use  of  all  the  meth- 
ods that  present  themselves  as  appropri- 
ate for  the  restoration  of  suspended  ani- 
mation, whether  by  the  injection  of  air 
into  the  lungs,  or  by  other  means. 

The  Lamp  in  a  Sick  Room.—  The  fol- 
lowing simple  arrangement  will  remedy 
the  evil  of  foul  gas,  generated  by  burning 
a  kerosene  lamp  all  night  in  a  nursery  or 
sick  room:  Take  a  raisin  or  any  other 
suitable  sized  box  that  will  contain  the 
lamp  when  set  up  on  end.  Place  the  lamp 
in  the  box,  outside  the  window,  with  the 
open  side  facing  the  room .  When  there  are 
blinds,  the  box  can  be  attached  to  each  by 
leaving  them  a  little  open,  and  fastening 
with  a  cord;  or  the  lamp  box  can  be  nailed 
to  the  window  casing  in  a  permanent  man- 
ner. The  lamp  burns  quite  as  well  outside, 
and  a  decided  improvement  of  the  air  in 
the  room  is  experienced. 

Distinguishing  Real  fbom  Appabent 
Death. — A  new  mode  of  distinguishing 
between  real  and  apparent  death  has  been 
recently  submitted  to  the  consideration  of 
the  Academy  of  Medicine,  in  Paris.  It  con- 
sists in  the  insertion  of  a  bright  steel 
needle  into  the  body;  and  it  is  said  that 
when  life  is  present  the  needle  soon  be- 
comes tarnished  by  oxidation;  while,  on 
the  other  hand,  if  death  has  taken  place, 
the  needle  will  retain  its  brightness  for 
half  an  hour  or  more.  According  to  Dr. 
Laborde,  the  author  of  the  communica- 
tion, oxidation,  with  its  attendant  electrical 
phenomena,  indicates  that  death  is  only 
apparent,  and  the  entire  absence  of  oxida- 
tion is  a  sign  of  real  death. 

Qutnine  Biscuits. — A  new  dietary  ar- 
ticle has  been  introduced  by  the  London 
bakers,  in  the  shape  of  quinine  biscuits. 
They  are  small,  extremely  well  made,  and 
have  a  pleasant  and  delicately  bitter  fla- 
vor. Each  biscuit  is  estimated  to  contain 
one-fourth  of  a  grain  of  quinine,  and  for 
delicate  stomachs,  or  where  it  is  desirable 
to  disguise  medicines  as  much  as  possible, 
or  to  combine  food  with  medicine  in  a  per- 
fectly agreeable  form,  these  biscuits  are 
likely  to  become  very  popular. 

Lime. — We  find  the  following  in  an  ex- 
change: A  standing  antidote  for  poison 
by  oak,  ivy,  etc. ,  is  to  take  a  handful  of 
quick  lime,  dissolve  in  water,  let  it  stand 
half  an  hour,  then  paint  the  poisoned 
parts  with  it.  Three  or  four  applications 
will  never  fail  to  cure  the  most  aggravated 
cases.  Poison  from  bees,  hornets,  spider 
bites,  etc.,  is  instantly  arrested  by  the  ap- 
plication of  equal  parts  of  common  salt 
and  bicarbonate  of  soda,  well  rubbed  in 
on  the  place  bitten  or  stung. 

Toothache. — A  correspondent  of  the 
English  Magazine,  gives  the  following  cu- 
rious remedy:  Put  a  piece  of  quick-lime 
as  big  as  a  walnut  in  a  pint  of  water  in  a 
bottle.  Clean  the  teeth  with  a  little  of  it 
every  morning,  rinsing  the  mouth  with 
clean  water  afterwards.  If  the  teeth  are 
good,  it  will  preserve  them  and  keep  away 
toothache;  if  the  teeth  are  gone,  it  will 
harden  the  gums  so  that  they  will  masti- 
cate crusts  and  all. 


A  Deserted  City. 

Our  readers  all  remember  the  great  Ex- 
celsior or  Meadow  Lake  excitement  of 
some  half  a  dozen  years  ago,  when  ambi- 
tious crowds  of  fortune-hunters  went  rush- 
ing with  bag  and  baggage  over  tho  Hen- 
ness  Pass  route,  among  the  tall  pines,  tam- 
aracks and  perpetual  snows  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada.  Summit  City,  on  the  borders  of 
the  pretty  little  meadow  Lake,  sprang  up 
from  amid  fresh  pine  stumps,  developed 
into  a  big  town,  with  broad  streets,  big 
hotels,  fine  drinking  saloons  and  two 
hurdy-gurdy  houses,  all  in  the  space  of  six 
weeks.  Gold  Hill  and  Virginia  were  both 
plentifully  represented,  not  only  in  town, 
but  throughout  the  district.  Everybody 
made  plenty  of  locations,  and  nobody  felt 
sure  of  his  fortune  unless  he  had  "feet"  in 
Excelsior,  where  the  ledges  were  all  rich. 
We  know  how  it  wasoursclf,  for  we  saw  the 
elophant'from  stem  to  stern,  and  invested 
all  our  reportorial  earnings  therein,  forth- 
with, and  subsequent  assessments  kept  us 
continually  broke  for  three  years  after- 
ward, till  we  got  "froze  out"  entirely. 
The  Grass  Valley  Union,  of  January  26th, 
thus  tells  the  present  status  of  things 
"way  over  in  Excelsior:" 

Meadow  Lake  City,  which  was  once 
called  Summit  City,  boasted  in  the  days 
gone  by,  of  a  population  of  3,000  or  4,000 
souls.  In  its  day  of  prosperity  it  had  fine 
stores,  good  hotels,  theatres,  saloons  in 
number,  and  an  Exchange  at  which  min- 
ing stocks  were  sold.  Meadow  Lake  City 
was  a  second  Virginia  City,  and  attempted 
to  revive  the  good  days  of  Washoe,  the 
flush  times  of  the  Comstock  lead.  In  1865, 
we  think  it  was,  some  persons  found  gold- 
bearing  rock  in  some  ledges  near  Meadow 
Lake,  and  these  being  assayed  and  the  as- 
say being  talked  about,  the  city  of  Sum- 
mit or  Meadow  Lake  was  born.  It  sprung 
up,  like  Jonah's  gourd,  and  in  a  night  has 
withered.  In  the  excitement  which  fol- 
lowed the  discovery  of  quartz  specimens 
around  Meadow  Lake,  fine  houses  were 
erected,  and  business  promised  to  be 
brisk.  The  ledges,  however,  failed  to 
yield  up  their  treasure  "by  mill  process," 
and  people  became  disheartened.  The 
sanguine  held  on  in  hopes  that  chemistry 
would  get  the  gold  out  of  the  rock  where 
mechanism  had  failed.  The  ores  were  re- 
bellious, it  is  said,  and  the  ordinary  appli- 
ances of  stamps  and  quicksilver  would  not 
save  the  gold  of  those  rich  ledges.  Chem- 
istry would  find  a  way  to  get  the  richness 
out  of  the  rock.  "Old  people  saw  signs 
and  young  people  dreamed  dreams"  in 
efforts  to  save  that  gold.  The  Burns  pro- 
cess was  invented  in  a  dream  to  save  gold, 
and  for  a  long  time  Meadow  Lake  City 
continued  to  hold  its  own  in  the  hope  of 
the  success  of  the  Burns  dream.  It  failed 
and  the  doubters  began  to  intimate  that 
the  gold  was  not  in  the  rock,  and  the  as- 
sayers  were  wrong  or  had  been  imposed 
upon.  Mills,  chemicals,  and  even  dreams 
failed  to  make  mining  there  a  Buocess. 
Science,  mechanics  and  the  black  art  had 
each  failed  in  its  turn  to  turn  the  rock  into 
gold. 

So  the  city  went  down  and  is  deserted. 
A  few  days  ago  a  friend  of  ours  visited 
Meadow  Lake  City.  He  went  up  on  snow 
shoes  and  took  a  look  at  the  deserted  and 
snow-covered  place.  The  houses  which 
were  only  one  story  in  hight  were 
covered  to  their  roofs  with  snow.  The 
two-story  houses  were  surrounded  with 
snow  to  the  second  story.  Not  a  living 
being  was  to  be  seen  by  him.  He  was 
monarch  of  that  snowy  desolation.  Signs 
swung  in  the  cold  wind,  and  just  grazed  in 
their  swinging  the  surface  of  the  snow. 
Prominent  among  the  signs  was  that  of  a 
broker's  office,  just  opposite  the  old  hallof 
the  Board  of  Brokers.  The  large  hotel  there 
was  yet  furnished,  and  beds  and  bedding 
remained  there.  Our  friend,  standing  in 
his  snow-shoes,  gazed  into  the  hotel  while 
he  stood  on  the  snow  surface,  level  with  the 
second  story,  and  he  saw  clean  linen  on 
the  deserted  beds.  He  wanted  to  take  a  rest 
in  the  comfortable  looking  quarters,  but 
there  was  no  fuel  or  food  in  sight,  and  he 
had  to  go  down  lower  to  a  ditch-tender's 
cabin  to  get  fire  and  appease  his  hunger. 
Many  of  the  houses  have  this  winter  been 
broken  down  by  the  weight  of  snow  on 
their  roofs,  but  many  more  remain  just  as 
they  were  when  their  owners  left.  The 
property  deserted  is  safe,  as  cold  and  snow 
have  locked  all  against  the  depredation  of 
burglars.  Meadow  Lake  is  a  winter  resi- 
dence no  more. — Gold  Hill  News. 


Daily   Weather   Record,* 

By  the  r.  s.  Armt  BioiuZi  Service,  for  the  Week 
Esdiku  Wednesday.  FEUROAnv7. 187*2. 


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Sore  Mouth  and  Tongue.  —  Three 
drachms  of  borax,  two  of  sugar  of  lead, 
half  an  ounce  of  alum,  and  a  pint  of  sage 

I  tea,  will  cure  a  sore  mouth  and  tongue. 
It  must  be  used  as  a  wash. 


3  Sat-3d  . 
£.  Sun-Hth. 
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Wed-Tth 


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Bessamee  Steel  Rails. — The  ship  Pat- 
roclus,  recently  arrived  from  Newport, 
Wales,  brought  6,888  Bessamer  steel  rails 
for  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is 
stated  that  this  is  the  first  importation  of 
this  kind  of  rails  to  California. 


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Wed-7th 


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W. 

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lit  .s.w. 
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£  Tu-6th.. 
a  Wed-7th 


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s. 

N.W 

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ill 

111 


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fffeftfer. 


Fresh 
Light 


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Light 


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Gentle 


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Threat. 
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Cloudy 


Oloodj 

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Cloudy 


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Lt.  Snow 


'This  report  is  continued  on  page  103  of  this  issue. 

Book  Notices. 

The  Cabin  Book,  or  National  Characteristics. 
By  Chas.  BealBfield.  Translated  from  the  German  by 
Sarah  Powell.  St.  John  k  Coffin,  198  Broadway,  Now 
York. 

This  is  an  amusing  collection  of  tales  which 
were  told  about  a  cabin  fire  in  Texas.  The  time 
during  the  independence  of  Texas.  The  person- 
ages, some  of  the  most  noted  characters  who 
took  part  in  the  struggle  of  that  State  for  its  in- 
dependence. The  stories  themselves  are  told 
for  the  amusement  of  the  company  by  the  chief 
actors.  One  or  two,  however,  are  historical  in 
character.  Taken  all  in  all  the  book  is  very 
pleasant  reading  and  contributes  not  a  little 
toward  the  stock  of  knowledge  of  the  time  just 
preceding  the  war  with  Mexico.  The  descrip- 
tions of  Texas  are  all  very  vivid  and  in  the 
main  correct. 

The  annual  Illustrated  Catalogue  and  Oarsmans' 
Manual  for  1871. 

This  is  a  large  quarto  volume^  500  pages, 
printed  in  colors  or  tinted  paper,  con- 
taining 65  illustrations  on  wood,  and  12 
plates  on  stone,  bound  in  gilt  muslin,  bev- 
eled edges. 

We  have  received  from  the  publishers, 
Messrs.  Waters,  Balch  &  Co.,  303  River 
street,  Troy,  N;  X.,  a  copy  of  this  work. 
It  is  especially  addressed  to  the  lovers  of 
rowing  in  racing  shells,  though  a  consid- 
erable portion  of  the  work  is  devoted  to 
the  interests  of  those  who,  less  daring  or 
less  energetic,  find  enjoyment  in  paddling 
a  canoe,  or  pulling  a  skiff  that  one  can 
stand  up  in. 

It  gives  a  very  good  history  of  the 
changes  and  improvements  which  have 
taken  place  in  the  construction  of  racing 
boats,  since  racing  in  boats  first  came  in 
fashion,  and  this  naturally  leads  to  the 
discussion  of  the  merits  of  the  last  change, 
i.  e.  the  substitution  of  paper  for  wood  in 
the  outer  sheathing  of  these  boats.  The 
defects,  which  the  book  claims,  are  inherent 
in  wooden  sheathed  boats,  are  acknowl- 
edged by  many  prominent  oarsmen,  and 
testimonials  in  support  of  the  claims  of 
the  paper  boat  are  not  wanting.  Besides 
being  illustrated  with  many  fine  woodcuts 
which  exhibit  the  various  styles  of  boats 
in  use  in  the  United  States  for  hunting  8nd 
fishing,  a  very  full  list  of  the  different 
rowing  and,  hunting  clubs  in  the  United 
States  and  British  Provinces  is  given.  In 
a  word,  the  amateur  or  professional  oars- 
man will  find  in  this  volume  everything 
he  wishes  to  know,  whether  on  the  sub- 
ject of  training,  care  of  his  boat,  boat 
building  or  the  past  history  of  boat  racing. 
All  this  and  much  more  he  will  find  in 
the  clearest  of  type,  in  the  finest  of  tinted 
paper,  and  elegantly  bound. 


A  new  telegraph  cable  is  talked   of, 
between  New  York  and  London. 


be- 


104 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  17,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 

DEWEY  <fc  CO.,  Fllblisliers. 

A.  T.  DIWBY,  OEO.  H-  BTBOXa, 

W.  B.  EWER,  ™>-  L-  E00KE- 

Office,  No.  338  Montgromery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California.  St.,  diagonally  opposite 
Wells,  Fareo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advebtisiko  Kates.  — luieeft.   lmonfli.   3monOs.   lyrar. 

Per  line  25  .80  $2.00         $5.00 

Sue-half 'inch $1.00        $3.00  7.60         20.00 

Oneinch 2.00         6.00  U.00         36.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Sotsoetptions  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4; 
sir  months,  $2.60;  three  months,  $1.25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
■will  pay  for  1 H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  per  year,  £1  3s. ;  6 
months,  lis.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  insertion.  Is. ; 
subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  advertisements  at 
special  rates.  ^_^^_^^^__^^^^_^^^^^___^_ 


Ban  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Feb.  17,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 
San  Fbanctsco,  Wednesday,  February  14, 1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying  91;  selling,  91  %■    Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  110M. 


Table  of  Contents. 

Correspondence  —Universal  Crop  Reports,  Humboldt 
County  Mining  Matters;  98.  Wastage  of  the 
Precious  Metals,  103.  ,  _  ,. 

Editorials.— Silver  in  San  Bernardino  County;  A  Gold 
Mine  in  San  Francisco,  97.  Practical  Science  m 
New  York,  98.  Our  Home  Industries;  104.  The 
Bullion  Product  of  Nevada,  105. 

Illustrations.— The  Chlorination  Process;  A  Patent 
Crab  Wrench,  97.  Niagara  Falls,  105.  The.Acorn 
Woodpecker,  103.  .  ^      „    , . 

Mechanical  Progress.— Asbestos  for  Piston  Packing ; 
Cheap  City  Transit ;  Revolution  in  the  Method  of 
Grinding  Substances,  99. 

SciENTmc  Progress. — Current  Scientific  Progress;  The 
Origin  of  the  Heat  of  Fire  ;  What  is  GoiDg  on  in  the 
Sun ;  Agricultural  Chemistry;  Flowers  as  Disinfect- 
ants ;  Curious  Fact,  99.  , 

Useful  Information. — Gutta  Percha  Soles;  Artificia 
Milk  in  Paris  During  the  Siege;  Australian  Meats, 
Etc.;  103. 

Good  Health— Butter  and  Worms;  The  Lamp  in  the 
Sick  Room ;  Distinguishing  Real  from  Apparent 
Death;  Quinine  Biscuit,  Etc.,  103 

Domestic  Economt.  Philosophy  of  Frying ;  Save 
Your  Bread  Crumbs;  Make  the  House  Comfortable; 
Mechanical  Hints,  Etc.,  107. 

Miscellaneous. — The  Ramie  Interests  ;  The  Strike  in 
the  Savage  Mine ;  A  Beautiful  Chemical  Experiment, 
102.    A  Deserted  City;  Book  Notices,  103. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 

Eds.  Press:— What  can  a  miner  do  for 
himself  when  accidentally  salivated  by 
mercury  in  retorting,  or  otherwise? 

"We  are  told  by  a  prominent  quicksilver 
mine  owner  that  at  their  works  they  found 
it  best  to  have  at  hand  a  bottle  of  tincture 
of  myrrh.  A  teaspoonful  reduced  by 
twice  its  amount  of  water.  Binse  the 
mouth  with  it  as  strong  as  can  be  borne, 
i.  e.  gargle  it.  This  is  before  the  mouth 
becomes  sore,  but  after  the  miner  knows 
he  has  been  exposed.  After  the  system 
has  been  effected,  take  a  solution  of  iron — 
Nichol's  tincture  of  bark  and  iron  is  very 
good'.  The  quicksilver  has  an  effect  to 
thin  the  blood,  and  the  iron  to  restore  it 
to  its  natural  condition. 


One  Day  Earlier. — We  are  now  mail- 
ing the  Scientific  Press  from  San  Fran- 
cisco on  Friday  afternoon,  so  that  it  may 
reach  some  points  one  day  earlier  than 
formerly.  We  are  very  careful  and  thor- 
ough in  our  mailing  system,  and  if  an  oc- 
casional a  subscriber  does  not  get  every 
number  of  his  paper,  we  wish  to  know  it, 
and  we  will  do  our  best  to  find  out  where 

the  fault  may  be  and  correct  it. 

1  i    —   «—» 

Asbestos.  —  The  Jackson  DispatcJi  has 
seen  a  fine  specimen  of  asbestos  which  was 
recently  found  in  the  upper  part  of  Ama- 
dor county.  The  mineral  is  supposed  to 
exist  in  abundance  in  that  locality. 

Universal  Crop  Bepobts. — The  article  on 
this  subject  referred  to  by  Mr.  Roach  in  his 
letter,  in  another  column,  was  one  which  was 
written  at  the  time  that  the  letter  of  Lieut, 
Maury,  on  the  subject  of  "  grain  reports,"  was 
going  the  rounds  of  the  press  here  and  in  the 
East  some  four  or  five  months  ago.  Mr.  Boach, 
however,  made  the  first  suggestions  on  the  sub- 
ject in  the  Examiner  long  before  Lieut.  Maury's 
letter  was  published.  Moreover,  he  gives  a 
broader  scope  to  the  utility  of  the  proposed 
system  than  Maury,  from  the  fact  of  suggesting 
that  it  be  made  a  subject  of  international 
treaty.  The  system  is  an  important  one  and 
the  honor  of  being  the  first  to  suggest  its 
adoption  should  remain  where  it  is  due. 


Our  Home  Industries. 

This  is  usually  the  dullest  season  of  the 
year  for  the  foundries,  yet  nrost  of  the 
works  are  kept  very  busy  and  some  are 
working  up  to  their  full  capacity.  They 
all  look  forward  to  a  busy  season  and  or- 
ders for  work  are  coming  in  freely.  One 
reason  why  business  is  at  all  slack,  is  the 
difficulty  of  forwarding  freight,  unless  to 
points  in  immediate  connection  with  the 
railroads,  on  account  of  the  state  of  the 
roads  incident  to  the  bad  weather  we  have 
had  all  over  the  coast. 

The  Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works, 

Corner  of  Howard  and  Beale  streets,  are 
very  busy,  and  employing  about  250  men. 
They  are  making  an  engine ,  20x30,  and 
hoisting  and  pumping  gear  for  the  Gould 
&  Curry  mine.  Have  just  shipped  two 
hoisting  engines  18x27  and  gear  to  the 
Crown  Point,  and  two,  20x30,  to  the  Belcher 
mine.  A  quantity  of  mining  machinery  is 
being  made  for  the  Yellow  Jacket.  A  num- 
ber of  narrow-gauge  mining  cars  for  the 
Eureka  mine,  Virginia  City.  Four  large 
boilers  for  the  Sutro  Tunnel  are  under 
way,  and  engines,  boilers  and  pumps  for 
the  San  Francisco  Artificial  Ice  Co.  They 
are  altering  the  steam-tug,  S.  L.  Mastick, 
from  high  to  low  pressure  and  putting  in 
an  improved  surface  condenser.  Have 
just  completed  all  the  machinery  and  cast- 
ings for  the  Pacific  Gas  works  and  the 
Metropolitan  Gas  works.  They  are  kept 
very  busy  casting  ear  wheels  for  the  C.  P. 
B.  B.,  Southern  P.  B.  E.,  Northern  P.  B. 
B. .  ana  supplying  the  city  railroads  with 
street  car  wheels. 

About  six  miles  of  water  pipe  are  being 
manufactured  for  the  Pioche  Water  Works. 
This  pipe  is  5%  inches  in  diameter  and 
made  of  16th  iron.  Some  of  it  was  sub- 
jected, to  a  pressure  of  800  pounds  recently, 
which  is  equal  to  a  head  of  1,860  feet.  The 
pipes  remained  perfectly  tight  under  this 
heavy  pressure — a  somewhat  remarkable 
fact.  A  mile  of  30-inch  pipe  is  being  made 
for  the  Dutch  Flat  Co.,  also  pipe  for  the 
Independent  Mining  Co.,  Butte  county. 
They  are  building  a  railroad  for  the  Pacific 
Mail  Co.  for  the  purpose  of  unloading  coal 
ships  and  coaling  up  steamers  by  steam 
winches  and  a  travelling  steam  orane.  A 
number  of  hydraulic  water  hoists  are  be- 
ing made  for  this  city. 

The  Union  Iron  Works, 
Corner  of  First  and  Mission  streets,  are 
very  busy  and  are  employing  about  320 
men — almost  a  full  force.  They  are  mak- 
ing extensive  repairs  and  additions  to  their 
already  large  working  facilities  and  are 
preparing  for  a  heavy  season.  A  large 
amount  of  mining  machinery  is  being  made 
for  the  Overman  mine,  among  which  is  a 
300-horse  power  engine  and  four  large 
pumps.  They  are  filling  extensive  orders 
from  the  Japanese  Government  in  machin- 
ery for  gun  boats,  irrigating  pumps,  etc; 
one  of  the  advantages  derived  from  a  more 
close  acquaintance  with  that  nation  and 
our  facilities  for  steam  communication. 
Considerable  work  is  being  turned  out  for 
the  Orchilla  Company,  Magdalena  Bay,  and 
for  the  California  Powder  Co.  A  flouring 
mill  is  being  put  up,  to  go  to  Watsonville, 
and  a  large  amount  of  general  jobbing 
work  is  being  done. 

Pacific  Iron  Works, 
Corner  of  First  and  Fremont  streets,  are 
turning  out  some  work  connected  with 
the  holder  and  retorting  and  distilling 
works  for  the  Metropolitan  Gas  Works; 
are  making  machinery  for  a  steamboat  on 
Owens  Lake,  and  during  the  past  month 
they  have  manufactured  a  good  deal  of 
mining  machinery  to  go  to  Mexico.  They 
are  doing  the  usual  amount  of  general  job- 
bing work.     At  the 

Fulton  Foundry  and  Iron  Works, 
corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets, 
they  have  just  completed  a  10-stamp  mill 
with  three  of  Varney's  pans  and  three  set- 
tlers, same  make,  for  the  Guadalupe  de 
los  Beyes  mine,  Mexico.    They  are  getting 


up  sawmill  machinery  for  Evans  &  Co. , 
Eureka,  Humboldt  Co.,  doing  work  for 
the  Pacific  Stone  Co.,  and  making  retorts 
and  other  castings  for  the  San  Francisco 
Chemical  Works.  A  hand  car  and  a  very 
neat  little  passenger  car  for  the  Sutro  Tun- 
nel are  standing  in  the  shop  ready  for  ship- 
ment. Castings  are  being  made  for  the 
City  Bailroad  Co.  and  for  the  Spring  Val- 
ley Water  Co.  They  are  getting  up  a  hy- 
draulic press  for  the  Shot  and  Lead  Pipe 
Works,  making  shoes  and  dies  for  the  Man- 
hattan Mining  Co.,  turning  out  machinery 
for  the  Oakland  Cotton  Manufacturing 
Co.,  and  doing  considerable  jobbing  work. 

The  Etna  Iron  Works, 
Corner  of  Fremont  and  Tehama  streets,  are 
at  work  on  machinery  for  Flint,  Peabody 
&  Co's.  Barrel  Factory,  repairing  machin- 
ery for  the  Golden  Gate  and  Commercial 
flour  mills,  and  making  head  blocks  for 
Benton,  Smith  &  Co.,  lumber  men.  They 
are  also  making  a  large  cast-iron  propeller 
for  Goodall  &  Nelson,  malt  rolls  for  the 
Philadelphia  Brewery,  and  doing  repair 
work  for  the  Bay  Sugar  Befinery.  They 
have  also  received  orders  for  four  of 
Thier's  patent  automatic  pumps  and  fog 
alarm,  for  the  Government  vessels  on  this 
Coast  and  are  doing  considerable  small 
work.    At  the 

Miners'  Foundry, 
First  street,  between  Howard  and  Folsom, 
(co-operative)  we  saw  two  diamond  drills 
mounted  on  cars  for  tunelling  work,  for 
Severance  &  Co.  They  are  putting  up  an 
engine  boiler  and  batteries  for  the  San 
Francisco  Copper  Works,  and  a  pony-gang 
sawmill  to  go  up  the  coast.  Also  a  quartz 
crusher  to  go  to  Arizona,  and  one  of 
Crocker's  trip-hammer  batteries  to  go  to 
Dun  Glen,  Nevada. 

The  Golden  State  Iron  Works, 
No.  19  First  street,  are  turning  out  work  for 
the  quicksilver  furnaces  at  Pope  Valley,  and 
considerable  quartz-mill  work,  castings, 
etc.,  to  go  to  Virginia  and  Gold  Hill; 
making  hoisting  and  pumping  machinery 
for  the  Manhattan  quicksilver  mine, 
Knoxville,  Lake  county.  For  the  Oakland 
Bailroad  Co.  they  are  making  horse  powers 
and  pumping  machinery,  and  are  turning 
out  hydraulic  pipes,  elbows  and  distrib- 
utors to  go  to  Dutch  Flat,  besides  consid- 
erable small  work.    At  the 

San  Francisco  Boiler  Works 
Nos.  123  and  125  Beale  street,  a  gasome- 
ter is  being  made  to  be  used  at  the  resi- 
dence of  Milton  S.  Latham,  Menlo  Park. 
They  are  also  making  a  large  boiler  for 
Pope  and  Talbot,  one  68  inches  in  diame- 
ter for  the  Portland  Water  Co.,  Oregon, 
another  for  the  South  San  Francisco  re- 
finery, and  one  for  the  Kimball  Carriage 
Factory  in  this  city,  all  of  large  size.  The 
one  intended  for  Pope  &  Talbot  is  some- 
what peculiar,  all  the  fire  surface  being 
made  of  cast  steel  5-16th  of  an  inch  thick. 
This  is  among  the  first  of  the  kind  made 
here ;  two  were  sent  by  the  same  works  to 
the  Almaden  mine  some  11  years  since  and 
are  standing  well  yet;  there  is  also  one  of 
the  same  style  at  Tay,  Brooks  &  Backus' 
foundry,  across  the  bay.  They  are  making 
coke  cars  for  the  new  gas  company  at  the 
Portrero,  overhauling  engines  and  boilers 
belonging"  to  the  ice  company  and  doing 
considerable  steamboat  work. 

San  Francisco  Screw  Bolt  Works, 

Phelps  Bros.'  proprietors,  Nos.  13  and  15 
Drum  street,commenced  operations  in  this 
city  in  1863.  Within  the  past  year  many 
important  improvements  have  been  made 
and  their  business  has  consequently  been 
greatly  extended.  The  main  buildings 
are  137x45  and  two  stories  high.  All  the 
bolts  are  manufactured  by  machinery; 
23  men  being  employed.  The  Emerson 
patent  bolt  heading  machine  is  used  here, 
and  is  furnished  also,  ready  for  -use,  to 
purchasers  of  State  and  county  rights,  the 
castings  and  drawings  alone  being  forward- 
ed when  so  desired.  The  attention  of 
bolt  manufacturers  and  railroad  compa- 
nies is  particularly  called  to  this  machine, 
two  of  which,  we  believe,  have  recently 
been  turned  out  at  this  establishment  f  or 
the  Central  Pacific  B.  E. 

A.  L.  Fish, 
Agent  for  Knowles'  Patent  Steam  Pump, 
No.  9  Front  street,  has  in  front  of  his  place 
a  pump  of  the  above  named  pattern,  with 
a  water  cylinder  30  inches  in  diameter, 
which  is  calculated  to  throw  73  gallons  a 
stroke,  or  4,000  per  minute.  The  pump 
was  made  for  Stevenson  &  Son,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Merced  river,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  irrigating  their  land.  They  have 
a  tract  of  some  10,000  acres  and  are  going 
to  cultivate  a  considerable  portion  of  it. 
Two  of  these  pumps  were  sent  to  the  Sutro 
tunnel  this  week  and  a  number  of  orders 
have  been  received  from  all  parts  of  the 
country  for  more. 


Australian  News. 

The  steamship  Moses  Taylor  which 
arrived  on  the  4th  inst.  brings  us  some 
news  concerning  the  mining  interest  in 
Australia.  Eeports  of  extraordinary  yields 
of  gold  continue  to  be  received  from  the 
Tambaroora  gold  fields.  The  crushings 
for  one  week  were,-  according  to  the  Syd- 
ney Herald  of  Dec.  22:  Byers  &  Kerr  from 
22  tons  realized  650%  ozs.,  and  28  tons 
from  the  same  claim  yielded  761  ozs. 
Halman  &  Co.  crushed  56%  tons  which 
returned  1,650  ozs.  and  80  tons  of  second- 
class  rock  yielded  1,076  ozs. 

The  same  paper  says  that  the  appendix 
to  the  gold  fields  Eoyal  Commission  con- 
tains a  number  of  interesting  papers  one  of 
which  is  a  return  stating  the  quantity  and 
value  of  gold  received  by  escort  from  the 
several  gold  fields  of  the  colony  from  the 
1st  of  January,  1871  to  the  30th  of  Septem- 
ber. The  amount  received  by  the  western 
escort  was  140,532  ozs.,  of  the  value  of 
£543,197.  The  amount  received  by  the 
southern  escort  was  53,503  ozs.  valued  at 
£202,614.  The  gold  brought  by  escort 
from  the  northern  gold  fields  was  11,522 
ozs.  valued  at  £44,198.  The  total  amount 
brought  by  escort  from  all  the  gold  fields 
during  the  period  above  specified  was 
205,557  ozs.  worth  £790,000.  The  value 
of  the  gold  received  by  escort  in  the  whole 
of  1870  was  £763,655. 

A  large  area  of  rich  tin-bearing  land  has 
been  taken  up  at  Cope's  Creek,  in  the  In- 
verell  district.  Fourteen  ounces  of  tin 
were  washed  out  of  one  quart  of  earth  on 
one  claim. 

An  extensive  copper  mine  has  recently 
been  discovered  near  Bourke,  and  a 
company  has  been  formed  to  work  a  selec- 
tion. 

The  gold  Commission,  in  their  recently 
published  report,  recommend  the  estab- 
lishment to  a  separate  and  distinct  depart- 
ment to  mines  under  a  responsible  Minis- 
ter of  the  Crown. 

The  yield  of  gold  from  the  Western  gold 
fields,  for  the  last  month,  has  been  greater 
than  for  a  long  time  past.  On  the  24th  of 
November,  an  escort  left  Gulong  with 
7,809  ounces  of  gold,  and  on  the  27th  of 
the  same  month  an  escort  left  Grenfell 
with  2,188  ounces.  An  escort  which  set 
out  from  Mudgee  on  the  21st  of  December 
had  with  it  8,230  ounces  of  the  precious 
metal. 

Messrs.  Paxton  have  just  finished  at  Hill 
End  a  crushing  of  253  tons  of  quartz, 
which  yielded  3,317  ounces  of  gold.  The 
claim  declares  a  dividend  of  £2,148  per 
share  for  thirteen  weeks'  work. 


Marysville    Foundry. 

In  a  notice  of  the  Marysville  Foundry 
which  we  published  last  week  we  expressed 
a  wish  to  have  a  report  from  month  to 
month  of  the  work  which  the  new  firm 
turns  out.  The  Marysville  Appeal  in  copy- 
ing our  item  says:  We  would  like  to  ac- 
commodate the  Press  with  a  full  monthly 
report  of  this  live  institution,  but  can  not, 
for  we  have  not  the  data  from.which  to 
make  the  articles.  But  we  will  come  as 
near  it  as  we  can,  in  a  few  words.  The 
foundry  and  machine  shop  now  employ 
thirty  men.  The  work  is  mostly  on  mill 
and  mining  machinery.  They  are  now  en- 
gaged in  building  two  saw  mills,  and  are 
about  to  commence  a  twenty-stamp  mill 
for  the  Salt  Lake  country.  They  are  also 
building  quartz  mills  for  White  Pine, 
Nevada,  besides  being  engaged  on  mining 
machinery  other  than  quartz  and  sawmills. 
They  are  about  commencing  the  erection 
of  some  small  engines,  for  theuse  of  print- 
ing offices  and  other  places  where  light 
horse  power  is  required.  Mr.  Eckhart  is 
the  patentee  of  the  engine,  and  the  inven- 
tor also,  and  has  already  put  up  some  on 
this  coast,  one  of  which  is  employed  in  a 
Vallejo  newspaper  office.  There,  Mr. 
Press,  is  a  short  report  of  what  the  foun- 
dry is  doing. 

We  are  very  much  obliged  to  the  Appeal 
for  their  kindness  in  accomodating  us  with 
the  above  items  so  soon  after  we  asked  for 
them. 


Improved  Sluice. — In  answer  to  enquir- 
ies, we  would  say  that  we  believe  that  Frey 
and  Evans'  patent  sluice,  advertised  in  our 
columns  by  Waters, of  Sacramento,  is  agood 
article  for  many  of  our  mines.  We  advise 
enquirers  to  write  to  the  patentees  and  in- 
form themselves;  also  to  those  who  have 
used  them. 


February  17,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


105 


Niagara  Falls.— Its  Physical  Changes. 

The  view  of  Hiagam  which  we  herewith  pre- 
sent is  a  most  accurate  and  excellent  one,  and 
represents  the  Falls  as  they  appear 'on  a  pleasant 
winters  day.  The  description  of  the  general 
oca  of  those  falls  and  their  surround- 
ings iB  so  familiar  to  ever)*  American  render  thut 
it  is  not  necessary  we  should  repeat  it  here;  hut 
dogy  of  the  region,  and  the  changes 
which"  light  in  the  locality  by  the 

action  of  this  immense  fall  of  water  is  a  mutter 
nnt  ho  generally  known,  and  is  well  worth  at- 
tention for  a  moment. 

This  great  sheet  of  water  is  precipitated  over 
a  ledge  of  hard  limestone  lying  in  horizontal 
strata,  below  which,  but  cunsi'l-  mbly  above  the 
:  "f  the  fall,  is  a  strata  of  soft  shale, 
which  wears  nw;ty,  under  the  action  of  the  wa- 
ter, much  bstt  t 
than  tho  overly- 
ing limestone. 
a  consequence  of 
this  peculiarity,  a 
projecting  rouf  of 
limestone  is 
always  overhang- 
ing the  water  be- 
low. This  over- 
hang, at  the  pres- 
ent time,  in  some 
places  proj' 
feet  or  more  over 
tho  boiling  wa- 
ters, and  thus 
there  must  be  a 
point  where  the 
oYrhnnging  mass 
will  break  off  and 
cause  the  falls,  at 
that  point  to  re- 
cede a  distance 
equal  to  the  ex- 
t'iif  of  the  break. 

It  is  estimated 
that  this  contin- 
ual destruction  of 
the  underlying 
rocks  and  the  oc- 
casional breaks  of 
the  overhanging 
mass,  is  causing 
the  falls  to  recede 
at  an  average  rate 
of  from  two  to 
three  feet  a  year. 
There  is  no  doubt 
that  within  the 
present  geologi- 
cal period  they 
have  moved  up 
stream,  from 
Queenstown,  sev- 
en miles  to  their 
present  position 
—  Queen  stown 
being  the  point 
where  the    river 

merges  into  the  plain,  and  below  which  there 
could  have  been  no  falls.  This  retrocession  is 
still  going  on.  A  large  projection  on  the  Ca- 
nadian bank,  known  as  Table  Eock,  partly  fell 
off  in  1863,  and  there  is  good  reason  to  expect 
other  similar  breaks  and  slides  at  a  very  early 
day. 

There  is  another  very  significant  considera- 
tion inseperable  from  the  fact  of  this  retroces- 
sion :  The  falls  are  about  160  feet  high,  while 
Lake  Erie  is  but  70  feet  deep,  the  river  having  a 
fall  of  some  30  or  40  feet  from  the  outlet  of  the 
lake  to  the  top  of  the  falls;  hence  if  the  falls 
continue  to  recede,  as  they  must,  the  time  will 
come  when  Lake  Erie  will  be  completely 
drained,  nothing  being  left  of  it  but  a  river, 
following  its  central  and  deepest  channel  from 
Detroit  to  Buffalo.  It  may  be  some  consola- 
tion, however,  to  the  present  holders  of  wharf 
property  on  that  lake  to  know  that  the  distance 
from  the  Falls  to  the  Lake  is  about  20  miles; 
hence  if  the  retrocession  is  no  more  rapid  than 
now  estimated,  it  will  be  about  40,000  years  be- 
fore the  catastrophe  will  be  realized. 

To  Californians,  who,  perhaps,  more  than 
almost  any  other  people,  have  learned  to  real- 
ize the  mighty  influence  of  water  in  moving 
and  wearing  away  rocks  and  other  heavy  mass- 
es, the  results  above  hinted  at  will  not  appear 
at  all  strange,  when  the  fact  is  kept  in  mind 
that  the  mass  of  water  pouring  over  Niagara, 
even  in  average  seasons,  is  not  less  than  one 


million  of  ferns  per  minute/  When  we  reflect 
upon  the  terribly  destructive  force  produced  by 
the  constant  fall  of  such  a  mass  from  the  hight 
of  160  feet,  added  to  the  abrasive  effect  of  the 
whirlpools  in  undermining  the  soft  underlying 
strata  below,  the  wonder  is  that  the  action  is  not 
much  more  perceptible  and  rapid  than  above 
estimated. 

The  Comstock  Mines.— It  is  the  fashion 
among  very  superficial  persons  to  assert 
that  the  Comstock  mines  have  been  a  bill 
of  expense  rather  than  a  profit  to  stock- 
holders. Such  random  assertions,  how- 
ever, are  made  with  a  perfect  disregard  to 
the  case,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
figures  which  have  been  compiled  by  the 
Alia: — "Tho  fifteen  leading  mines  (on  the 
Comstock  lode)  show  the  product,  accord- 


The  Bullion  Product  of  Nevada. 

John  J.  Talontine,  General  Superintend- 
ent of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  Express,  fur- 
nishes the  following  report  of  the  bullion 
produced  in  the  State  of  Nevada  during 
the  year  1871: 


Aurora 

Austin 

Belmont 

Battle       Mt. 

Station 

Carson 

Carlln 

Eureka 

'.ill.  i.ti 

Hamilton 

Mineral  Hill.. 
M "imtuiu  Olty, 

Mill  City 

Total 


JI6.761 
M5,SM 

203.903 

190,441 

119,036 
27.811 

2. 173. In.', 
200.357 

701.011 
149,973 

4,485 


Orvana 

Pioche 

Pine  Grove. 
Pal  laade .... 
Rye  Patch. . 

lleno 

Silver  City. 
Toauu 

00  LTulOUVillO  .  . 


Virginia       and 

Gold  Hill.... 11 
Wadsworth  .... 


0,900  00 
1,982.237  Bf 

137,672  00 
27,129  83 
41.259  07 

192.977  14 

200,800  00 
40,034  00 

343,090  43 

,053.328  28 
20,270  36 


.J22,177,015  75 


These   figures  are  as  near  correot  as  it  is 
possible  to  get   them,  since   they  are  fur- 


NIAGARA    FALLS— WINTER    VIEW. 


ing  to  the  annual  reports,  from  their  ori- 
gin to  August  last,  to  have  been  $84,355,- 
002;  the  assessments  in  the  same  time 
were $7,691,058;  the  dividends  $19,991,058; 
being  $12,300,000  net  dividends,  or  14  per 
cent,  of  the  production.  If  we  take  the 
thirteen  mines  exclusive  of  the  Belcher 
and  Crown  Point,  the  facts  are  as  follows: 

Total  production  to  August,  1871 576,449,083 

Dividends,  less  assessments 13,269,300 

Value  of  mines  at  market  prices 4,783,100 

Thus  these  mines  paid  an  average  of  20 
per  cent,  of  their  market  prices  per  annum 
during  their  whole  existence,  and  that 
when  mining  was  in  its  infancy  and  the 
operation  a  costly  experiment.  The  facts 
now  go  to  show  that  when  full  knowledge 
of  the  business  has  been  acquired  and  easy 
means  of  transportation,  development  and 
production  have  been  furnished,  the  ores 
are  coming  in  again  at  more  than  their  old 
values  and  the  properties  are  more  valua- 
ble than  ever.  " 


Sutko  Tunnel. —  The  Sutro  Tunnel 
oompany  are  pursuing  their  operations  ac- 
tively. The  Virginia  Enterprise  says  that 
the  engines  for  each  of  the  four  shafts  are 
now  on  the  ground  and  will  be  shortly  set 
up.  The  hoisting  gear  and  other  machin- 
ery for  the  several  shafts  are  also  in 
Virginia  City.  Teams  are  busy  hauling  to 
the  mouth  of  the  tunnel  the  machinery  of 
a  first  class  machine  shop  which  will  be 
run  by  steam, 


nished  by  the  Express  Co.,"  through  whoso 
hands  pass  almost,  if  not  quite  all  the  bull- 
ion produced  there.  By  these  figures,  it 
will  be  seen  that  in  point  of  bullion  pro- 
duction, Washoe  ranks  first,  Pioche  next, 
and  Eureka  third.  In  regard  to  the  Washoe 
yield,  all  the  mines  together  have  produced 
less  than  $1,000,000  per  month.  This  year, 
however,  we  may  expect  a  much  larger 
showing  from  that  locality  according  to  re- 
cent reports  concerning  the  Comstock 
ledge.  The  Belcher  and  Crown  Point  ore 
body  has  alone  turned  out  $1,000,000  per 
month,  leaving  all  the  other  mines  in  the 
district  out  of  the  question,  and  with  the 
prospective  new  mills  and  machinery  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  the  yield  will  be  still 
greater. 

White  Pine  District  has  not  by  any 
means  came  up  to  what  was  expected  of  it, 
and  other  districts  not  so  well  known  to 
fame  promise  to  exceed  it  and  show  more 
productive  lodes.  The  English  compan- 
ies who  own  a  large  proportion  of  the 
property  there  are  industrious  and  zealous 
miners  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  en- 
terprises in  which  they  have  invested  their 
money,  will  yet  give  a  favorable  return. 
Pioche,  which  has  sent  away  $3,982,227,  is 
in  a  flourishing  condition  and  the  lodges  in 


Ely  District/in  which  it  is  located,  are 
proving  themselves  more  valuable  in  pro- 
portion to  developments  made.  The  Bul- 
letin thinks  that  in  a  few  years,  with  a  mul- 
tiplication of  mills  in  the  new  districts, 
and  with  the  more  general  use  of  improved 
reducing  and  separating  processes  the  an- 
nual yield  of  the  State  of  Nevada  will  rise 
to  $40,000,000.  Since  most  of  the  mines 
in  Nevada  are  wholly  or  in  part  owned  by 
persons  residing  in  this  State,  we  have  di- 
rect interest  in  an  increased  yield  of  bull- 
ion, and  the  recent  developments  in  the 
leading  mines  on  the  wonderful  Comstock 
lode  are  as  important  to  us  as  to  the  people 
of  the  State  of  Nevada. 
The  d  iscovory  of  immense  bodies  of  ore  in 
this  lode,  in  the 
different  mines, 
of  such  magni- 
tude, are  well 
calculated  to  en- 
hance the  gen- 
eral mining  in- 
terests of  this 
coast,  and  t  o 
lead  people  who 
have  money  to 
invest  to  look 
more  leniently 
upon  the  busi- 
ness of  mining. 
No  other  busi- 
ness holds  out 
better  induce- 
ments for  large 
returns  for 
small  ventures 
than  this,  b  p  t 
unf  ortun  a  t  e  1  y 
such  has  been 
the  manage- 
ment of  the 
mines  on  this 
coast  that  min- 
ing is  not  look- 
ed upon  as  a 
legitimate  busi- 
ness, but  as  a 
species  of  gam- 
bling. Men  of 
small  capital 
who  have  in- 
vested in  good 
faith  have  seen 
their  savings 
appropriated, 
and  taken  en- 
tirely o  u  t  o  f 
their  control 
without  their 
being  able  to 
help  it.  These 
things  are  much  to  be  deplored,  but  we 
hope  ere  long  that  a  new  era  will  dawn 
upon  this  important  branoh  of  our  indus- 
try, and  that  the  recent  developments 
and  the  above  figures  will  aid  in 
strengthening  the  better  feeling  which 
already  exists  in  favor  of  the  much  abused 
mining  interest,  that  is  in  reality  the 
bone  and  sinew  of  the  Pacific  Slope. 


Placeks  in  San  Diego  County. — The 
telegraph  informs  us  that  some  specimens 
of  coarse  placer  gold  taken  out  at  the  San 
Ysidro  Ranch  about  14  miles  south  of  San 
Diego,  have  been  shown  in  that  place. 
They  think  that  there  is  water  enough  in 
the  vicinity  to  work  the  ground  and  that 
they  will  find  good  paying  diggings. 

Mechanics'  Institute  Repobt. — We  have  re- 
ceived the  report  of  the  Eighth  Industrial  Ex- 
hibition of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  of  the  city 
of  San  Francisco,  held  at  the  Pavilion  of  the 
Institute  in  August  and  September  1871.  It  is 
voluminous,  comprehensive  in  detail,  and  re- 
flects credit  upon  the  Secretary  of  the  Insti- 
tute, for  his  endeavors  to  keep  pace  with  the 
requirements  of  the  day  and  the  progress  of 
events,  in  giving  a  full  and  complete  report 
of  the  workings  of  an  institution  or  association 
that  has  already  attained  a  position  of  interest 
and  importance,  second  to  no  other  of  its  class 
in  the  world.  Its  essays  upon  a  diversity  of 
subjects  are  of  the  highest  order. 


106 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  17, 1872. 


DOMESTIC    ECONOMY. 


The  Philosophy  of  Frying. 

All  housekeepers  know  that  to  fry  well, 
their  fat  should  be  hot.  But  they  do  not 
attend  to  it  half  as  scrupulously  as 
they  would  if  they  understood  the 
true  philosophy  of  it.  Boiling,  bub- 
bling hot  fat  cannot  penetrate  anything, 
and  cooks  to  perfection;  tepid  fat  pene- 
trates everywhere,  and  does  not  cook  at 
all,  but  actually  prevents  cooking.  Any 
housekeeper  who  reads  this,  and  chooses 
to  profit  by  it,  need  never  put  any  greasy, 
fried,  half-cooked  indigestible  food  upon 
her  table. 

The  whole  secret  consists  in  having  the 
fat  boiling  before  the  things  are  put  in. 
There  is  one  other  condition  which  fol- 
lows naturally  from  the  first  one,  but 
which  is  almost  invariably  lost  sight  of 
even  by  good  cooks,  and  that  is  that  the 
fat  should  entirely  cover  the  article  to  be 
fried.  The  reason  of  this  is,  that  the  part 
not  at  once  covered  by  the  fat  remains  cold, 
cools  off  the  fat  near  it,  and  then  absorbs 
the  tepid  fat  just  the  same  as  if  it  never 
had  been  hot.  Frying-pans  should  be 
deep,  well  filled,  and  heated  to  the  boiling 
point,  and  then  it  is  easy  to  turn  out  fried 
food  nicely  crisp,  brown,  and  dry,  on  the 
outside,  and  perfectly  soft,  moist  and  well 
cooked  within.  It  is  a  peculiarity  of  the 
outside  crust  of  things  fried  in  boiling  fat 
that  the  fat  itself  drips  off  from  it  as  readi- 
ly as  water;  hence,  well  fried  articles  are 
neither  greasy  in  appearance  nor  very 
greasy  in  reality.  Frying  ought  to  be  as 
easy  as  boiling. — Christian  Union. 

To  Polish  Silver,  Bbittania  and  Tin.— 
A  lady  for  whose  judgment  we  have  the 
highest  respect,  says  the  American  Sural 
Home,  declares  the  following  to  be  worth 
the  price  of  the  Sural  Borne  to  all  house- 
keepers in  poor  health.  She  accidentally 
discovered  the  effectiveness  of  the  method 
awhile  ago,  has  cleaned  all  her  table-ware 
by  it  ever  since,  and  Bays  that  very  little 
strength  is  required,  and  that  the  polish 
is  much  the  best  she  ever  used:  Sprinkle 
freely,  the  best  kind  of  dry  zinc — No.  1, 
such  as  painters  use — after  rubbing  it 
fine  with  a  knife,  upon  a  soft  flannel 
cloth,  or  the  top  of  an  old  woolen  stocking 
will  answer,  then  rub  the  silver,  etc.,  with 
the  cloth,  then  brush  off  with  tissue  paper, 
or  any  clean  soft  cloth  or  paper,  and  all 
will  be  as  bright  as  new. 

Save  Your  Bread  Crumbs. — Never 
throw  away  a  bit  of  bread,  if  clean.  Keep 
a  shallow  tin  pan  for  the  special  purpose 
of  drying  stale  bread.  When  the  ovens 
are  not  in  use,  slip  in  the  pan  of  bread 
scraps,  leaving  the  oven  door  open,  that 
they  may  not  scorch.  As  fast  as  one  in- 
stallment is  well  dried,  roll  it  fine,  keeping 
one  side  of  your  bread  board  for  that 
special  purpose,  and  then  sift  it  through  a 
moderately  coarse  seive.  Put  the  bread 
crumbs  into  a  bag,  and  suspend  it  in  some 
cool  dry  place,  adding  to  it  as  you  get 
more  dried.  Crumbs  thus  saved  are  very 
useful  for  stuffing,  or  to  roll  chops,  oys- 
ters, or  scollops  in,  for  frying,  and  just 
as  good  as  cracker  crumbs  for  every  pur- 
pose. 

Try  It. — A  well  known  writer  on  house- 
keeping says  there  are  people  who  raise 
the  best  of  wheat,  year  after  year,  and  live 
on  fine  flour  always,  and  have  no  idea  how 
sweet,  as  well  as  healthful,  the  unbolted 
or  Graham  flour  is.  Make  Graham  mush 
as  you  do  corn  meal  hasty-pudding,  sifting 
the  meal  with  your  hand  slowly  into  boil- 
water,  stirring  briskly  meanwhile.  A  few 
minutes  boiling  seems  to  cook  it  sufficient- 
ly, though  many  cook  it  longer.  Sweet- 
ened cream  is  an  excellent  dressing  for  it, 
and  then  if  you  add  fresh  berries  ! — well 
just  try  it.  Many  persons  like  it  with  un- 
sweetend  cream  or  milk,  as  they  eat  hasty- 
pudding. 

To  Preserve  Pegged  Boots  and  Shoes. 
It  is  said  that  if  pegged  boots  are  occasion- 
ally dressed  with  petroleum  between  the 
soles  and  upper  leather,  they  will  not  rip. 
If  the  soles  of  boots  and  shoes  are  dressed 
with  petroleum  they  will  resist  wet  and 
wear  well.  The  pegs,  it  is  said,  are  not 
affected  by  dryness  after  being  well  satur- 
ated with  the  liquid. 

Cottage  Cheese. — Boil  two  chickens 
till  tender,  take  out  all  the  bones  and  chop 
the  meat  fine,  season  to  your  taste  with 
salt,  pepper  and  butter,  pour  in  enough  of 
the  liquor  they  were  boiled  in  to  make  it 
moist,  put  into  whatever  mold  you  wish, 
and  when  cold  turn  out  and  cut  into  slices. 
It  is  excellent. 


Make  the  House  Comfortable. 

We  have  no  patience  with  a  man  who  al- 
lows the  windows  to  rattle  in  the  case- 
ments, while  with  a  hammer,  a  few  nails, 
a  lath  or  two,  and  a  little  putty,  he  could, 
in  an  hour  or  two,  make  the  house  snug 
and  comfortable.  We  believe  in  thorough 
ventilation,  but  it  should  be  under  our  con- 
trol. There  are  thousands  of  homes  where 
the  inmates  spend  a  wretched  winter  sim- 
ply for  want  of  a  little  attention  to  such 
matters.  See  that  the  outside  doors  fit 
snug.  A  damper  in  the  stove-pipe  pre- 
vents the  heat  from  going  up  the  chimney, 
and  saves  fuel.  See  that  the  wood  house 
is  well  supplied  with  dry  wood  ready  for 
the  stove,  and  that  there  is  some  kindling 
always  prepared  ready  for  use.  Where 
coal  is  used  and  in  the  absence  of  charcoal, 
have  a  barrel  of  dry  corn-cobs  ready  for 
starting  fires. 

Let  the  family  room  be  well  lighted, 
and  make  home  attractive  to  the  young 
people.  Let  there  be  no  lack  of  good  books 
and  useful  papers.  Pleasant  winter  even- 
iDgs  at  home  constitute  one  of  the  great 
charms  of  country  life.  It  is  here  that 
character  is  formed,  and  the  future  useful- 
ness of  our  children  in  a  great  degree  de- 
termined. A  comfortable  family  room, 
warm  beds,  nutritious  food,  and  plenty  of 
sleep  will  enable  a  farmer  and  his  family 
to  spend  the  winter  pleasantly  and  profita- 
bly. There  is  plenty  work  to  be  done,  and 
the  cold,  instead  of  benumbing  the  facul- 
ties, will  stimulate  exertion.  Do  not  spend 
your  winter  days  by  the  stove,  or  in  com- 
plaining of  hard  times. 

A  Relish  for  Breakfast  ,or  Lunch. — 
Take  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  cheese,  good, 
fresh;  cut  it  up  in  thin  slices  and  put  in  a 
spider,  turning  over  it  a  large  cupful  of 
sweet  milk;  add  a  quarter  of  a  teaspoonful 
of  dry  mustard,  a  dash  of  pepper,  a  little 
salt  and  a  piece  of  butter  as  large  as  a  but- 
ternut; stir  the  mixture  all  the  time.  Have 
at  hand  three  Boston  crackers  finely  pow- 
dered or  rolled,  and  sprinkle  them  in  grad- 
ually; as  soon  as  they  are  stirred  in,  turn 
out  the  contents  into  a  warm  dish  and 
serve.    It  is  very  delicious. 

Silver  Tipped  Shoes. — Shoes  are  an 
important  item  in  the  expense  of  clothing 
children,  as  every  parent  will  understand. 
They  invariably  wear  out  their  shoes  at 
the  toe  first,  and  not  unfrequently  before 
the  other  parts  are  a  quarter  worn. 
Children's  shoes  with  silver  or  copper 
tips  never  wear  out  at  the  toe,  and  last 
twice  as  long  as  the  ordinary  shoe.  House- 
keepers will  do  well  to  remember  this  fact. 

Mechanical  Hints. 

Facing  Oil  Stones. — A  correspondent 
of  the  Scientific  American  says: — I  have  in 
the  course  of  my  life  spent  a  good  deal  of 
time  in  facing  off  my  oil  stones.  I  have 
used  sand  on  a  board,  wet  and  dry,  or  an 
old  mill  stone,  or  a  hard  brick.  If  the  oil 
stone  was  soft,  it  could  be  cut  or  rubbed 
down  in  a  short  time;  but  if  a  hard  one 
it  was  a  serious  job.  The  thought  struck 
me  about  two  years  ago  that  emery  would 
be  the  thing  to  quickly  cut  a  hard  stone, 
which  I  have.  I  dressed  of  a  white  pine 
board,  put  a  thin  coat  of  glue  on  it,  when 
dry  put  on  another,  sprinkled  coarse  emery 
on  the  glue,  rubbed  it  in  well,  and  when 
dry  put  on  another  coat  of  glue  and 
emery.  I  have  been  using  it  ever  since; 
it  does  not  take  one-tenth  of  the  time  to 
face  off  that  stone  than  it  formerly  did  with 
sand,  etc.  This  may  save  some  one  some 
hard  rubbing. 

Metal  for  Bearings. — The  following 
alloy  has  been  found  to  give  highly  satis- 
factory results  for  plummer  blocks,  axles, 
brasses,  etc.  To  30  parts  of  melted  cop- 
per are  added  70  parts  of  antimony  ;  the 
mixture  is  melted,  and  run  out  into  thin 
plates.  These  are  then  re-melted  with  tin 
in  the  proportion  of  90  parts  of  tin  to  10 
parts  of  the  copper  and  antimony,  and  run 
out  again  into  thin  plates.  When  used,  it 
is  re-melted,  and  run  into  the  forms  re- 
quired. M.  Volk,  of  Regensburg,  has 
employed  an  alloy  for  many  years  of  which 
the  following  are  the  component  parts: — 
Copper,  5-6  per  cent. ;  antimony,  11-2  per 
cent. 

Liquid  Polish. — The  preparation  of 
blacklead  ready  for  use  in  a  fluid  state,  is 
a  recent  English  invention.  The  compo- 
sition adopted  consists  of  blacklead,  such 
as  is  used  for  polishing  stoves  and  for 
other  uses,  combined  with  turpentine, 
water  and  sugar  or  saccharine  matter,  and 
the  proportions  which  have  been  found  to 
answer  well  are,  to  each  pound  by  weight 
of  the  blacklead,  one  gill  of  turpentine, 
one  gill  of  water,  and  one  ounce  of  sugar; 
but  these  proportions  may  be  varied,  and 
in  some  cases  all  the  ingredients  are  not 
necessary. 


The  C-Spring  Roller  Skate. 


Rights  and  Skates  for  Sale. 

This  superior  State  is  now  beginning  to  attract  the 
attention  of  Rink  Owners,  it  being  the  only  Cramping 
State  now  before  the  public  (except  the  Plympton  Skate) 
that  can  run  without  infringing  a  former  patent. 

This  Skate  is  Positively  no  Infringement 
Of  anybody's  patent.  It  is  made  in  the  most  substantial 
and  workmanlike  manner,  and  possesses  the  following 
points  of  merit:  Beauty,  Elasticity,  Ea6e  of  Movement, 
Strength,  Lightness,  and  does  not  injure  the  skating 
floor  as  much  as  the  ordinary  skate. 

Every  pair  Warranted  to  be  just  what  it  is  represent- 
ed.   Parties  intending  to 

8TABT   A.    BLTE, 

Should  examine  and  test  this  Skate.    Sample  pairs  Bent 

C.  O.  D.  on  application. 

In  ordering  samples  state  the  number  of  boot  or  shoe 
worn,  and  whether  for  lady  or  gentleman. 

Sff'  For  City,  County  or  Rink  Rights,  call  on  or  ad- 
dress "WTESTER   &   CO., 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  street  (under  Grand  Hotel) , 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


FREEMAN'S    GRAIN    SEPARATOR. 

THE 

BEST 

PATENT 

SEPARATOR 

MADE. 

I  will  guar- 
antee it  to  Ex- 
cel any  other 
Machine  ex- 
tant in  sepa- 
rating Grain 
from  all  kindB 
o  f  Forei  gn 
Seeds.  It  will 
separate  per- 
fectly the  different  qualities  of  Grains,  producing  pure 
Seed.  It  is  in  every  way  a  Practical  and  Successful  Cal- 
ifornia Machine.  It  as  proven  successful  over  all 
other  Machines  on  trial,  and  has  taken  two  First  Premi- 
ums at  the  Petaluma  Fair.  Machines  and  State  and 
County  Rights  for  sale  by  W.  D.  FREEMAN, 

Tomales,  Marin  county,Cal. 
Send  for  Circulars. 

P.  S. — The  right  to  use  my  superior  Patent  Pod  Screen 
will  be  sold  at  reasonable  prices  to  owners  of  Threshers. 
4v3-2m-eowbp 


Important    to   SXiuex-s. 

FEEY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  pariiculars  address 
WATERS  &■  CO.,  Assayers,  -A-gents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24-3m 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

109  California  street,  San  Feancisco. 

Patent  Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Relting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

BucketB. 

12v!3-3m  J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURES     OF    TOOLS 

— FOR— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  "Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 


H.    M.    BALCH, 

432  Kearny  St.,  S.  E.  corner  of  California  6t.  (up  stairsy 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Repairs  and  Tunes 

ALL  KINDB   OF 

MUSICAL     INSTRUMENTS, 

Either  Erase,  Reed  or  String. 

Special  attention  given  to  PIANOS, 
ORGANo,  or  MELODEONS. 

Mr.  B  is  a  practical  workman  of  twenty- 
five  years  experience,  and  employs  none 
but  experienced  workmen. 

ORDERS  from  the  country  attended  promptly. 
8v23-3msa 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BE-OTHER, 

CARRIAG-E    SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    OAJR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOVE. 


No  'Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

WILLIAM   ERIEIi,    Manufacturer, 

No.  69  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.    Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.    County  Rights  for  sale. 

10v23-6m 


GOLD-SAVING- 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOR    MINERS    AND    MILL    MEN, 

At  San  Erancisco  Blating:"Works1  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Erancisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 
Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  G>.  DENNISTON,  Proprietor. 

2*v22-3m 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 
^For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  haB  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  bo  &b  to  apply  steam  directly 
Into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows; 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and.  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Sellers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 
San  Francisco. 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPOETEKS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FEANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifl- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers — 
all  sizes. 

ABsayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware—a full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  baiB  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS   AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Lithaige. 

ABsay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
B=?~  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

GrammeB,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGAN'S  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30),  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HALLEDLE,  519  Front  street,  S.  F, 


February  17,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


107 


Business  Cards. 


J.    EOSS    BROWNE, 

Office,  1VO.  43  Montgomery  Block, 

Hah  Feascisco,  Cal. 

H.   C.  BENNETT, 

(STA.TIS1-IOIA.Sr. 

Report*  and  estimates  made  about  all  department*  of 
Production.  Commerce,  and  Manufacture,  of  the  Pacific 
Coaat.  Srtf-tf 


m 


Spectacles   My   Specialty. 


0.  MFLLER,  Optician, 
205  Montgomery  (street,  Bubs  Block. 

JOHN   BOAOH,  Optioian, 

Hai  removed  from   522  Montgomery  street  to 
54.©   Washington  street. 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

SURGEON, 
No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SAWYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Francisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St.,  bet.  First  and  Second, 
21r23-tf  Sac  ram  unto. 


.    BiKTLISC. 


ilENKT    KIMBALL. 


BARTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

505  <.' lu y   ilrei-t,  (sonthwest  cor.  Sanflome), 
15vl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SAN    FRANCISCO 

COEDAS  E_C  0  M  P  A  N  Y  . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    AIbo,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Ltno  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBB8  k  CO.,  Agents, 

26  611  and  613  Front  street. 


JOSEPH   GILLOTT'S 

STEEL     FEISTS. 
Sold  by  all  PoMbt*  throo^baattho  World. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

S  E  A.  X,      E  IV  G  R.  A.  "V  IE  R  , 
AND  LETTEB  CtTTTEK, 

Brass  and  Steel  stamps  and  Dies,  608  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Order*  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Thie  Favorite  House  is  located  on  Jackson  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery:  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.  The  International  Coach  will 
be  at  each  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In- 
ternational Hotel,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Hotel 
free,  and  to  any  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates. 
F.  E.  WEYGANT  k  H.  0.  PARTRIDGE, 

24v22-3ra  Proprietors. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum   Pipe    Manufacturer, 


X».    941     KEARNT    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Paoiflc  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Selvee.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.  Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAX    FRANCISCO, 

Capital,  One_Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BBUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 
o.    415    CAJLIIFOKNIA    STREET. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

GRAND,   SOUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 


Pianos  to  Let- 


A.    HEYMAN, 

[I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sagbamento. 


QILES  H.  GEAT.  JAHES  M.    HAVEN. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

In  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.,  N.  E.  corner  Cali- 
fornia and  Leldesdorff  streets, 
SAN  FRANCICO- 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


CRAIG    &    BREVOORT'S 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 

PUMPS,    &c. 


NO.    1. 

The  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  in- 
tended to  be  attached  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  briuging  it  within  thu  Claris  of  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  Its  work  in  the  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  is  con* 
ducted  to  the  condenser,  on  iti  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  pump,  and  is  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  section  of  the 
CondenBer,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

Tbe  flange  D  1b  bolted  to  the  suction  orifice  of  the 
pump,  and  tbe  flange  S  to  the  pipe  leading  to  the  well, 
or  whatever  source  of  supply  the  pump  may  have;  W  is 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  the  suction  pipe,  S,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  Jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  the  pipe  P  alBo  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valve  to  enlargo  or  contract  the  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  The  pipe  P,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  aB 
guide  to  float  F. 

The  valve,  C,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem — shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— iB  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
th«  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  is  attached. 


no.  a. 

The  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  side  of  the  steam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  time  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  tho  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhauBt  pipe, 
Into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  the  steam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  done  the 
pump  is  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    AddresB  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


RUBS    PATENT 

MONITOR    MOLDING     MACHINE, 

VASE  BY 

R.    BALL   &   00.,    "Worcester,  Mass., 

Manufacturers  of  the  latest  Improved  Wood-working 
Machinery  for  Planing  Mills,  Car  Shops,  Agricultural 
Implements,  Furniture,  Uabh,  Blind,  and  Door  Facto- 
ries., etc.,  etc.  Send  for  HIuBtrated  Catalogue  andPrice 
List. 
RICHARD  BALL.  E.  P.  HALSTEAD. 

m4-eowly 


SELF-OIIiERS. 
W  ATE  RS' 

se:l.:f'-oi;jl.;e:r.s. 

PATENTED  October  21, 1862; 
July  6,  1867;  July  23  and  Sept. 
22, 1868,  and  June  20, 1869. 

Glass  reservoir,  with  white 
metal  coupling  cast  on. 

Substantial  brass  stem,  with 
graduating  plug— T  Blot  on 
one  side,  »s  shown  in  magni- 
fied cut-in  the  top. 

The  best  and  cheapest 
OILER  in  the  market;  perfect 
lubrication  on  loose  pulleys  and  all  kinds  of  bearings. 
Any  kind  of  Oil  in  any  kind  of  weather.  Price,  $4.50 
per  dozen    Liberal  discount  to  agents  and  to  the  trade. 

WATERS    k    CO., 
nol8-3m      164  Elm  at,  near  Fourth,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad    Co., 


OFFICE,  45  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


TO    CONTRACTORS,     MINERS,     ETC. 


By  this  invention,  one  man,  with  one  horse  and  five 
cars,  does  tho  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horses  and  ten  carta. 

Higrhly  Approved  by  all  who  Use  Them. 

AR3     AND    TRACKS     FOR     SALE     OR    TO    LET 

Samples  at  tho  office    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Sale. 

23v22cow26t 


HOOVER'S 

New     and     Superior     Chromos. 

The  Changed  Cross,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Faithful  Crowned,  size  22  by  28. 

Virgin  Mary  and  St.  John,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Holy  Family,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Beautiful  Snow,  size  18  by  22. 

Delhi,  Delaware  County,  N.  "ST.,  size  20  by  28. 

ALL    REAL    CENIS    OF    ART. 

Sold  by  Leading-  Dealers  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  Wholesale  by  the  Pub- 
lishers. 

J.    HOOVER, 

804    Market   Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

6v23-8m-eow 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   Sc   CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Beddgeb,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Etc. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli 
cation  to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila 
delphia.  ap8-ly 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

ZtyJl        $$#.2  Fitf.3  Tig.£ 


■   I    ■ 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furniBhed  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery-  Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  T. 


Situation  as  Chemist  "Wanted. 

The  undersigned,  having  completed  the  working 
course  of  Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College,  Easton,  Pa., 
including  Dry  ABBay  of  Ores  and  Blowpipe  Analysis, 
desires  a  situation  requiring  a 

Practical  Knowledge  of  Chemistry. 
By  permission  refers  to  Dr.  Traill  Green,  Professor  of 
Chemistry  in  La  Fayette  College. 

B.  CHAMBERS,  Je., 
20v23-3m  |ChamberBburg,Pa. 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  k  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheum,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist 
ance  of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  mos- 
effective,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  60  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v28-3m 


FirBt  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  T, 
MICROSCOPES. 

IUuBtrated  Price   List   sent  free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  illustrated,    sent    free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly 


VICE'S 

FLORAL    GUIDE     FOR    1872. 

Over  One  Hundred  Pages, 
Printed  in  Two  Colors,  on  superb  Tinted  Paper.   Four 
Hundred  Enobavtngb  of  Flowers,  Plants  and  Vegeta- 
bles, with  Descriptions,  and 

TWO    COLORED    PLATES. 

Directions  and  plans  for  making  Walks,  Lawns,  Gar- 
dens, etc.  The  handsomest  and  best  FLORAL  GUIDE 
in  the  World.  All  for  Ten  Cents,  to  those  who  think 
of  buying  Seeds.  Not  a  quarter  the  cost  200,000  sold 
of  1871.    Address  JAMES  VICE, 

22v33  Rochester,  N.Y. 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY- 


Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  1862 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  Btreets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wiBh  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  6v24-3amslamrly 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.  014  CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

BAN  PEANCISOO. 
Manufacturers  ant}  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

lVEUVnVGS, 

Ajia    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Tlxree    Gold   Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY  for  the   superiority   ol   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powdeb,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  pny  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m JOHN  F.  LOHSE.  Secretary. 


DUPONT'S  JGUNPOWDER. 

Constantly  on  hand  full  supplies  of 

Dupont'B  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F  FF 
FFF. 

Dupont's  Superior  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  cor- 
rugated Iron  Kegs,  F  FF  FFF. 

Dupont'B  Unrivalled  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  No.l,  2, 
3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  .Vj  lb.  canisters. 

Dupont's  Unrivalled  Brand,  Eagle  Duck,  in  canisters 
1  lb.  and  V  lb;  and  Eagle  Rifle,  half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs, 

Dupont's  Celebrated  Brands,  Fg  FFg  FFFg,  Rifle,  in 
canisters  \  lb.,  H  lb.,  and  1  lb. 

Dupont's  Celebrated  Brands,  Dg  Rifle,  for  sea  Bhoot- 
ing,  in  kegs,  half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs. 

Dupont's  Superior  Brands,  A,  F  &  C,  F,  FF,  FFF,  in 
canisters  Jtf  lb.,  J$  lb.,  and  1  lb.,  and  in  kegs,  half  kegs 
and  qr.  kegs.  Dupont's  Superior  Brand,  California 
Rifle,  in  1  lb.  canister  and  5  lb.  cans. 

Dupont'B  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

Eagle  Safety  Fuse  (manufactured  near  Santa  Cruz, 
Cal.,  by  the  L.  S.  k  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on  hand  full  sup- 
plies of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water-proof  and  Sub- 
marine, Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped,  Single  Taped  and 
Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially  to  explode  the 
Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world.  Winchester  Repeating  (Henry's 
Improved)  Arms  and  Fixed  Ammunition.  A  large  and 
complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms  constantly  on 
hand,  to  wit:  Repeating,  Sporting,  Rifled— Oiled  8tock. 
Ditto— Gold  and  Silver  Nickle,  plated  and  beautifully 
engraved.  Repeating  Carbines,  plain  oiled  locks.  Also, 
Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  and  Engraved,  Repeat- 
ing Muskets,  oiled  stock.  Cartridges  (Brand  H) ,  man- 
ufactured expressly  for  their  arms  by  the  W.  R.  A.  Co. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN    SKXNKER, 
5v24-6m-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


A.  J.  SMITH, 
PLUMBER, 

—AND— 

Manufacturer  of  Pumps  and  "Water  Closets, 

No.  220  Fremont  street,  opposite  Fulton  and  *5Stna 

I"on  Works,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

18v23-3m 


H.   N.    COOK. 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  Sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W,  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-Sra  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


108 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  17, 1872. 


Daily  Weather  Record,* 

By  the  U.  S.  Army  Signal  Service,  foe  the  Week 
Ending  Wednesday,  February  14, 1872. 


11 

■.J 

o 

hi 

1 

.-J 

§■»' 
* 

=  1 

lit 

sfa# 

^  i 
III 

I; 
3? 

g  ■■•. 

0 

Stale  Of 
Wealter. 

^ 

87  Oalm 

4- 

.10 

Threat. 

J* 

Fri...  9  30.02 

5' 

9' 

H    W 

15 

Brisk 

Rain 

" 

K 

Sun  ..11    29.08 

5! 

9; 

Calm 

4-1 

.3, 

Threat'g 

Mon..l2  30.15 

4! 

■;i 

W. 

N  W 

rf 

Wed. .HI  30.12 

si 

'i. 

K.  Hi. 

; 

Gentle 

4- 

Thu..  81  30.18  47  92 

N. 

J 

Light 

Clear 

| 

Fri...  9 
Sat...  10  30.16 

V>  w 

N.  E. 

2 

Light 

2-4 

Fair 

Sun... 11 

S 

Mon.,12 
TU....13   30.09 

1 

•ill  9,1 

W.  E. 

2 

Light 

1-4 

Fair 

Wed..l4l 

h 

Tllu...  81 

O 

-er 

44 

81 

S.  K. 

4 

Gentle 

4-i 

.03 

[,t.  Rain 

Sun.. .11 

3 

Mem..  12 

TU....13 

Wad. .141 

E< 

Thu  . .  81 

£ 

Sat... 10  29.55 
Sun.. .11 
Mon..l2   29.44 

25 

K> 

W. 

11 

Fresh 

3-4 

Cloudy 

17 

77 

s  w. 

14 

Fresh 

Clear 

TU....13   29.75 

7 

* 

14 

11 

Gentle 

1- 

Fair 

> 

Wed.. 14129.50 

Jl 

•' 

M.W- 

10 

Fresh 

1-1 

Fair 

rim  ..  81  30.07 
Fr....  9 
Sat...  10   30.10 

16 

» 

S.  E. 

10 

Fresh 

4-1 

Cloudy 

S 

13 

"9 

Calm 

3-4 

Cloudy 

a 

Sun. ..11 

Hon..  12   29.94 

'.7 

16 

N.W. 

t 

Fre<h 

2-4 

.01 

Fair 

FJ> 

Pa. ...13    30.24 

'4 

1 

W. 

6 

Fresh 

!M 

Cloudy 

Wed..l4l  30.07  32 

m 

N.  E. 

b 

Gentle 

3-4 

cloudy 

Thu..  8i  29.82136.45 

W. 

14 

Fresh 

Clear 

Fri..  .  9 

H 

Sat  ..10    29.7926 

K. 

19 

BriBk 

.1-< 

Cloudy 

t>. 

Sun. ..11 

Mon..l2   29.49  26  67 

W. 

21 

Brisk 

2-4 

Cloudy 

TU....13   29.96  19  85 

W. 

III 

Fresh 

Clear 

Wed  .111  29.86|39MW. 

28 

Brisk 

4-4 

Cloudy 

Thu..  81  29.97125175 

R  W 

6 

Fresh 

Clear 

Fri...  9 

Sat.. ..10   29.8134  4! 

W 

16 

Brisk 

Cloudy 

g 

Sun.  ..11 

Mon..l2   29.60  34  1! 

N. 

1 

Fresh 

3-i 

Cloudy 

Ta  ...13  30.0321  7! 

S 

1 

Gentle 

Clear 

Wed. .141  29.92W61 

s. 

fa 

Fresh 

3-4 

31oudy 

Thu...  81  30.09rl9|81 

s. 

llLight 

1-4 

Fair 

Fri...  9 

3 

Sat.  .  10    29.61  28  88 
Sun. ..11 

Calm 

j 

Clear 

\lon..l2    29.46  35  8r 

S   HI 

16Brisk 

4-4 

ThPeat'g 

Tu 13    30.44    3  66 

N.W 

19;Eriak 

4-1 

Cloudy 

Wed. ,»|  30.66]  5lo3iN.W- 

6,Freah 

Clear 

i-i 

"hu...  81  3J. 301 17167 

S.  W. 

1 

Light 

2-1 

Clear 

?ri...  9 

h 

Sat. ...10   29.83  2688 

E. 

4 

Gentle 

H-< 

Fair 

Sun. ..11            ; 

M 

Hon. .12   29.9028 

Hi 

5 

Genlle 

1M 

Fair 

PU....13   29.H2   7  62 

W. 

30 

HiHh 

3-4 

» 

Wed. .141  30.1S|  <|«l|N.W. 

Mf'resh 

3-4 

Cloudy 

*1 

his  report  ie  continued  fr 

om  page  103  of  t 

his  i 

ssue. 

Amount   of   Bain    Measured    at    San  Luis 
Obispo,   Cal. 

Editoks  Pkess: — I  send  herewith  a  copy  of 
my  rain  measurements  in  this  town: 
Month.  Yeah.       Ybab, 


Yeak. 

1871-2. 

.00 

2.40 
13.93 

5.16 


18G9-70.  1870-71. 

October 84  .68 

November 66  .38 

December 78  2.90 

January 71  1 .51 

February 4.85  4.43 

March 74  .00 

April 2.40  2.79 

May 85  .28 


Total 11,83  12.97 

The  rains  this  season  have  occurred  as  fol- 
lows: 

Nov.  26,  1871 1.90 

Nov. 28, 1871 50—  2.40 

Dec.  17  and  18, 1871 2.00 

Dec.  20  and  21, 1871 1.10 

Dec.  23  and  24 6,00 

Dec.  27  to  SO 4.83—13.93 

Jan.  1,1872 1.64 

Jan.  6  to  9, 1872 3.52—  6.16 

The  rain  of  December  23d  was  the  heaviest  I 
have  ever  seen— nearly  the  whole  of  it  having 
fallen  within  12  hours.  These  measurements 
are  correct — being  the  mean  of  the  records  of  two 
gauges  placed  in  different  positions,  which  sel- 
dom vary  the  tenth  of  an  inch. 

Bespectfully,  w.  w.  h. 


Rainfall  at  Sacramento. 
[By  T.M.  Logan,  M.D.,  Secretary  State  Board  of  Health.] 

Jan.  1,  1872.  Rainfall  for  the  season  to  date....  12.421  inches 
Feb.  11,  1872.  Rainfall  since  above  date 6.160  inches 

Total  for  the  season  up  to  date 18.581  inches 

Remarks.— The  theory  was  advanced  in  some  remarks 
relating  to  our  annual  rain  table  January  1, 1871,  and  whioh 
has  been  sustained  thus  far,  that  there  is  a  general  corres- 
pondence between  the  amount  of  rain  falling  before  the  1st 
of  January  of  each  season,  and  the  amount  which  falls 
afterwards.  Thus,  if  the  rainfall  iB  below  the  average,  as 
for  instance  in  1863-4,  before  the  1st  of  January,  it  will 
prove  deficient  afterwards ;  and  on  the  other  hand,  if  ex- 
cessive before  the  1st  of  January,  as  in  1867-8,  it  will  main- 
tain the  same  proportion  subsequently.  Basing  our  calcu- 
lations on  this  standard,  we  may  then  expect,  according  to 
the  above  data,  at  least  six  inches  more  of  rain  during  the 
balance  of  the  present  season,  which  will  bring  up  the  total 
to  24)4  or  25  inches.  Our  agricultural  friends  will  make  a 
note  of  this,  and  regulate  their  operations  accordingly. 

COMPLETE  "VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Press  can  be  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  and  best  information  on  mining  and 
the  industry  of  this  coast  of  any  work  published. 

Also— Bound  volumeB  of  the  Pacific  Rural  Press 
furnished  at  same  rates  from  its  commencement. 

Mining  Companies 

Should  advertise  their  Meetings,  Assessments,  and  Sales, 
in  the  Sgiemific  Press.  Rates  more  than  one-half  less 
than  daily  publications.  Stockholders  should  take  the 
hint  and  request  their  managers  to  truly  economize  by  ad- 
vertising in  a  Mining  Journal,  where  all  notices  may  be 
seen  by  cheaply  purchasing  and  examining  a  weekly.  You 
will  thus  -«ave  money  and  uphold  a  journal  which  upholds 
your  interests ., 

Universeey  of  California.— The  Preparatory  Depart- 
ment is  under  the  charge  of  five  Professors  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  six  tutors. 

Besides  the  studies  of  the  public  schools.  Algebra, 
Geometry,  Latin,  Greek,  German,  French,  Spanish  and 
Book-Keeping  are  taught. 

Terms:  Board  and  tuition,  4  weeks,  $30.  Students  re- 
ceived at  any  time.  George  Tact,  Oakland,  Master 
Fifth  Glass.  Be9bptf 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  st.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  February  15, 1872. 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  $  lb 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  &  lb 26@29 

Country  Leather,  3  m 25@28 

The  market  is  well  supplied  with  French  stocks,  and 
prices  have  a  downward  tendency.  Heavy  California  skins 
are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8  Kil.,  perdoz  $60  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz 76  00(3  95  00 

Jodot.  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz, 60  0l)@  80  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  19  Kil,,  $  doz  95  00@ 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  00@  70  00 

Coruellian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  OOtaJ 

Cornellian,  12 to  14  Kil.,  perdoz 60  00(gi  63  00 

Ogerau  Calf,  %  doz 54  00® 

Simon,  18  Kil.. 3ft  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  &  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  $  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  «n> i :....    1  '0©    1  30 

California  Kip,  fa  doz 65  00to80  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colorB,  «S  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  fa  a 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  fa  doz. ...    8  00®  13  00 

Sheep  Roans f or  Linings, fa  doz 5  50@  10  50 

California  Russetfc  Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  fa  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  %  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,©  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  sjjl  lb 30®    SIX 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  fa  doz 48  00 @  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ^  lb 34®    37k 

Welt  Leather,  fa  doz 30  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  fa  foot 17(91       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ffi  f  oo  t 

MARAVILLA  COCOA.— No  breakfast  table  is  complete 
without  this  delicious  beverage.  The  Globe  says:  "Various 
importers  and  manufacturers  have  attempted  to  attain  a 
reputation  for  their  prepared  Cocoas,  but  we  doubt  whether 
any  thorough  success  had  been  achieved  until  Messrs. 
Taylor  Brothers  discovered  the  extraordinary  qualities  of 
'Maravilla'  Cocoa.  Adapting -their  perfect  system  of 
preparation  to  this  finest  of  all  species  of  the  Theobroma, 
they  have  produced  an  article  which  supercedes  every  other 
Cocoa  in  the  market.  Entire  solubility,  a  delicate  aroma- 
and  a  rare  concentration  of  the  purest  elements  of  nutri- 
tion, distinguish  the  Maravilla  Cocoa  above  all  others.  For 
honKeopaths  and  invalids  we  could  not  recommend  a  more 
agreeable  or  valuable  beverage."  Sold  in  packets  only  by 
all  Grocers,  of  whom  also  may  be  had  Taylor  Brothers, 
Original  Homo2opathic  Cocoa  and  Soluble  Chocolate 
Steam  Mills— Brick  Lane,  London.  Export  Chicory  Mills 
Bruges,  Belgium.  fe25-ly 

$5  to  $20  per  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  borne  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  Wire  Works,  75  "William  street,  N.  T.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  HI.  23vl-12mbp 

Laddeb  Desiring  to  Procure  a  Flrst-Clasb  Sewing 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21vl-12mbp 


Travelers'  Guide. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

]Fel>x*iiai*y  s,   1873- 


San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


Leave  going  hast. 
*4.00pm  7.00  am 
4.35  i?m  7.35am 
4.10  pm  Y.50am 
5.35  pm1  8.35  am 
8.25  pari  11.28  am 
8.48  I'M  11.50  am 
10.45  p  Ml  1.45  PM 
Arrive  from  West. 


..San  Francisco. 

.  .Oakland 

.San  Jose 

..Niles — 

..Lathrop 

.  .Stockton 

.  .Sacramento ... 


Arrive  fr 
8.30  PM 
8.00  p  M 
8.30  f  m 
7.05  P  M 
4.43  P  M 
4.07  p  M 
2.20  p  M 

Leave  go 


Leave  going  South 

I     3.00  p  M 

7.10  pm     4.40fm 

8.30  fm|    5.30pm 

Arrive  from  North. 


San  Francisco  &  San  Jose. 


n  East. 

"2.20  pm 
1.50  p  m 
2.10  pm 

12.45  P  M 
9,45  pm 
9.07  P  m 
7.15  A  M 
ng  West. 


..San  Francisco.. 

,  Niles 

..San  Jose 


Arrive  from  South 

10.40AMI 

8.35  A  M      5.30  p  m 

7.t0  am|     4.10  PM 
Leave  going     oith 


Leave  going  South 

1    7.35  PM 

*9.45am  8.25  PM 
11.35A  M  9.45  pm 
2.40  pm!  1V!.15am 

Arrive  from  North 


Stockton,  Lathrop  &  Merced. 


.  ..Stockton.. 

...Lathrop. .. 
— Modesto... 
— Merced... 


Arrive  from  South 

10.2UAMI...". 

9.30  am  *8.20pm 
8.13  am  6.45  pm 
5.45am|  3.30pm 
Leave  going  North 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  Ogden. 


.Sacramento 

5.40pm  -   ..Colfax 

1.00am  — Reno 

9.10am Winnemucca 

12.00  m     — Battle  Mountain 

4.40pm  ....Elko 

6.20  am  ....Ogden 

Arrive  from  West. 

Sacramento,  Marysville    &  Red  Bluff. 


Arrive  from  East. 

2.00pm 


10.20  am 
2.10  am 
4.15  pm 
1.25  P  M 
8. 45  A  M 
5.20  PM 
Leave  go  ng  West. 


Leave  going  North  i 


*8.45_ 

10.25  A  M 
1.50  pm 
8.00  pm 


Arrive  from  North 


'4.45  pm 
3.25  PM 
12.00  M 
5.30  A  W 


2.35  pm  — Sacramento 
3.25  pm  ....Junction.... 

5.15  pm Marysville... 

8.35  pm  Tehama 

9.30pm  ....Red  Bluff. .. 
Arrive  from  South! 

San   Francisco,  Vallejo    &   Calistoga. 

Leave  going  North!  [Arrive  from  North 

"4.00 p Ml     7.30  am  ....San  Francisco..      8.00  pMi*12.15pm 

6.30  pm      9.30  AM  ....Vallejo 6.05  pm    10.30  pm 

7.28  pm    10.40  am  ....Napa 4.50  pm      9.30  pm 

9.10pmI    1.00pm  ....Calistoga, 

Arrive  from  South! 


1.05  p  M 

12.15  PM 
10.20  AM 
6.50  a  M 
6.00  am 
Leave  going  South 


8.110  A  M 


Arrive  from  South]  jLeave  going  South 

San  Francisco,  "Vallejo  &  Knightf  s  Landing-. 


going 

17.30  a  Ml  f4.00PM 

9.35am      6.35pm 

12.05  pm     10.10  pm 

1.00  pmI  11,45pm 

Arrive  from  West. 


lArrive  from  East. 
..San  Francisco..  "12.15  p  Ml  |8-00pm 

..Vallejo 10.30pm      6.05pm 

.  .Davis 7.10  p  M     3.3'l  p  M 

,  .Knight's  Land'g     5.30  A  m|    2.30  pm 

1  Leave  going  West. 


San.  Francisco  &  Healdsburg/. 


*7.10am 

8.20  am 
9.45  am 
10.20  am 


4.35  pm 
5.011  V  m 
6.00  p  M 
6.45  pm 


Vrrive  from  South 


—  San  Francisco.      

....Donahue 8.45  am 

—  Petaluma 8.20  am 

. . . .  Santa  Rosa 7.30  a  m 

—  Healdsburg 6.45  a  m 

Leave  going  South 


*5.35pm 

5.00  PM 
3.30  P  M 


Stockton,   Milton  &   Oak  Dale. 


Leave  going  South 

j*il.25AM 

11.52AM 

12.42PM 

I     1.32  pm 


...Stockton 

...O.P.R.R.  Depot, 

...Peters 

..  .Milton 


I     1.44PMI... 

Arrive  from  North! 

CAL.  P.  R. 

Leave  going  East.  | 
"4.00  pm!.. 


Oak  Dale.. 


Arrive  from  South 

*4.25PM| 

3.52  p  M  

3.02  PM  

2.12pmI 


*4.00  P ._ 
6.00  p  M 
7.00  pm 


2.0UPMJ 

Leave  going  North 

R.  CO.'S  STEAMERS. 

Arrive  from  East. 


2.00  am  

Arrive  from  West. 


...San  Francisc 

...Vallejo 

..  .Benicia 

...Stockton...  . 
...Sacramento  . 


10.00  p  M 


...  12.00  m. 
Leave  going  West. 


*8.00  P  M 
6.00  P  M 
5.00  p  M 


Explanation. 

For  trains  running  "from"  San  Francisco,  take  the  left 
hand  columns  and  read  downwards. 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  linnd  columns  and  read  upwards. 

OAKLAND  BRANOH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00 
810,  9  2>,  1U  10  and  11  20  a.  in.,  12  10, 1  50,  3  00,  4  00,  5  15,  t;30,  8  06 
9.20  and  *11  30  p.  m.    (9  20,  11  20  and  3  <m  (..  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m...  1  30. 
2  40,  4  SB,  6  10.  7.40  and  10  l6  p.  m.  '        ' 

Leave  Oaklanh,  *5  40.  6  50,  8  00,  9  10,  10  00,  and  1110  a 
m.,  1200,  1  40,2  50,3  50.5  05,  6  20,7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BR  AN  OH. -Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  11 15  a.  m  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  0u  p.  in.  (7  20,  11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  Haywabds,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  in.,  1  30, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.m.  

♦Sundays  excepted.       tSundays  only. 


T.  H.  GOODMAN, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. 


A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Supt. 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


Owing  to  tilt  time  necessary  to  mail  the  present  large  edition  vj  wig 
Scientific  Prexs  we  are  obliged  to  go  to  press  on  Thursday  even- 
, ..; ..-..;.  .„  j*.,  very  latest  hour  we  can  receive  advertisements. 


ing— which  i 


Alhambra  Hill  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Alhambra  Hill,  Pinto  District,  "White  Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Notice— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  (No.  1J 
levied  on  the  Ninth  day  of  December,  1871,  the  several 
amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  follows: 
Names.  No  of  certificate.       No.  shares.       Amount. 

Andreas  Fisher not  issued,  263  $126.51) 

R.  Beverly  Cole "        "  253  126.60 

R.  Mayrisch "        "  253  126.50 

O.P.Schmidt "        "  263  126.50 

R.  Steinheimer "        "  253  126.60 

J.  Hausmeister "        "  263  126.60 

D.H.  Jackson "        "  506  253.00 

L.Schumacher "        "  161  80.50 

J.  Napthaly "        "  161  80,60 

D.  B.  Arrowsmith...     "        "  161  80.50 

John  Shoenbar "        "  161  80.50 

Thos.  J.  Reed "        "  803$  40.26 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  Ninth  day  of  December, 

1871,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  by  Maurice 
Dore  &  Co.,  at  No.  327  Mongoniery  street,  on  the  Fifth 
day  of  February,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  12  o'clock  m.,  of 
said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

HENRY  G.  LANGLEY,  Secretary. 
Office— 612  Clay  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.       jr20-4w 

POSTPONEMENT.— The  above  sale  is  postponed  to 
Tuesday,  February  27th,  1872,  at  12  o'clock  m.,  to  be 
held  at  the  same  place.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trust- 
ees. HENRY  G.  LANGLEY,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  February  3, 1872.  fel0-2w 

Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works,  Auburnj  District,  Placer   county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Noiice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Comp-my,  held  on  the  16tn  day  of  January 

1872,  an  assessment  of  Twenty  (20)  cents  per  share  w  s  levied 
t'Pon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  and  ailver  coin,  to  the  Secre- 
tary at  the  office  of  the  company,  room  No.  2,  418  California 
street,  San  Francisco^  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Monday,  the  19th  day  of  February,  1872;  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  tor  sale  by 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  be  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Monday,  the  11th  day  of  March,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
inquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
GEO.  R.  SPINNEY,  Secretary. 
Office— Room  No.  2,  third  floor,  418  California  street,  San 
Francisco,  California. ja2»-5w 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany—Location of   works,  1st    Garote,  Tuolumne 

county,  Cal. 

Notice  — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
8th  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set  oppo- 
site the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  shares.    Amount. 

Creamer,  JM 14  100  $25.00 

Lewis  L  J,  Trustee 48  100  25.00 

Lewis,  L  J,  Trustee 51  100  25.00 

Lewis,  L  J,  Trustee  ...  56  125  31.25 

Nelson,  JH .15  100  25.00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  8th  day  of  January, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  eoch  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  otnee 
of  said  company,  on  the  2'2d  day  of  February,  1872,  at 
the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  "W.  OLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.     f  i0-4 

Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  Works,  Spruce  Mountain  District,  State  of 
Nevada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on 
the  9th  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.        Am't. 

Thos.  Kane unissued  500  $20  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  9th  day  of  January,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  nec- 
essary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  Room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  on  the  4th  day  of  March,  1872,  at  the 
hour  of  2  o'clock  P.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  aver- 
tising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

WM.  H  WATSON,  Secretary. 
Office,    Room    5,  No.    302    Montgomery    street,    San 
Francisco,  California.  fel7-3t 

Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company — 

—Location  of  works,  Pierpont  Mining  District,  White 
Pine  County,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  Twenty-fifth  (25th) 
day  of  January  a.d.  1872,  an  assessment  of  eighty  (80)  cents 
per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to 
the  Secretary,  at  the  of&ce  of  said  company.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Friday, 
the  first  day  of  March,  A.  D.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  Twenty-third  day  .of  March,  a  d.  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sole.  Byorder  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  418  California  street,  San  Francisco.  Cal.   f  l-4w 

Union  Gold  Mining  Company — Location  of 

works,  Rowland  Flat,  Sierra  County,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
4th  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.    Am't. 

Crosett,  James  F.  Trustee..  166  62        $62  00 

Crosett,  JamesF.Trustee..l67  100  100  00 

Frontin,  Joseph,  Trustee.. 234  100  100  00 

Frontin,  Joseph,  Trustee.. 235  95  95  00 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  E.  W 205  15  16  00 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  E.  W 212  10  10  CO 

Hale,  William  F 129  60  60  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 46  100  100  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 47  60  50  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 62  75  75  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 63  100  100  00 

Stuart,  W.  A 90  7  7  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  4th  day  of  January,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
the  Company,  Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange,  Cali- 
fornia street,  San  Francisco,  California,  on  Monday, 
the  26t>i  day  of  February,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock 
p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment 
thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  sale.  ALFRED  K.  DURBROW,  Secretary. 

Office:  Room  No.  22,  Merchants' Exchange,  California 
streetj  San  Francisco,  California.  felO- 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company — Location 

of  works.   White   Pine    Mining  District,  White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Assessment  of  Three  ($3)dollars  per  share,  levied  Decem- 
ber 19th,  1871,  having  been  rescinded  by  vote  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees, 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  field  on  the  2  tfi  day  of  Jan- 
ary;  A.  D.  1872,  an  assessment  of  One  Dollar  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  as- 
sessment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  26th  day  of 
Febuary,  a,  d.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be 
duly  advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  pay- 
ment shall  be  made  before,  will  he  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  19th 
day  of  March  a.  d.,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  or  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees .       J.W.  CLARK,  Sec'y- 

Office.  418  California  St.  San  Francisco. jr27-4w. 


South    Gulch    Gravel    Mining    Co 

Location  of  Works,  Brushville  Mining  District,  Cala- 
veras County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  gi"ven,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  7th  day  of 
February,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  and  fifty 
cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of 
said  Company,  payable  immediately ,  in  United  StateB 
gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  Company, 
No.  409  California  street,  up  stairs,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  March,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the  third  day  of 
April,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  coBts  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  F.   CRONI9E,  Secretary. 
Office,  400  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min* 

ing  Company.— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  23d  day  of  Jan- 
uary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  Four  ($4.00)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No,  516  Kearny  street,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any 
stock  upon  which  Baid  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  27th  day  of  February,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be. 
sold  on  Saturday,  the  llith  day  of  March,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  TrusteeB. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 
Office  516  Kearny  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. jr27td. 


Wm.  Penn  Consolidated  Mining  Company 

— Location  of  works,  Storey  and  Lyon  Counties,  State 

of  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  26th  day  of 
January,  1872,  the  assessment  of  50  cents  per  share 
levied  on  the  16th  day  of  January,  was  rescinded,  and  an 
assessment  of  £1.00  per  share  was  levied,  payable  imme- 
diately, in  U.  S.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  29th  day  of  February,  1872, 
shall  bo  deemed  delinquent,  and  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Thursday,  the  21st  day  of 
March,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment  thereon 
together  with  cost  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
feb3-4t  HENRY  TOOMY,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  Rooms  3  and  4. 

H    &    L    AXLE    GREASE. 


The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  ykaes,  specially  de- 
voted  to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A    KATE 
As  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBERT 
Invite  all  who  deBire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  gemeeal  batisfacxion,  to  ask  for  the  H  & 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  L 
ib  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v24-eowr 


One  of  the  Oldest, 

Most  Widely  Circulated, 
Most  Original,  and  Largest 

RELIGIOUS  JOURNALS 

XI  ON    THE  W 

PACIFIC    COAST. 

Subscription,  8-4  a.  Year. 

Bacon&Co.&C.A.Klose, 

PUBLISHERS, 
roc    CLAY    STREET,     ran 

JO"  SAN  FRANCISCO,   CAL.  t/JU 


JOS.    THORNHXLL, 
DBrielslayei*    an<l    Contractor. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Work, 
such  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,  etc. 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  White,  47  Clay  street,  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  1612  Mason  street,  near  Green,  will  be. 
promptly  attended  to,  24v21-3m. 


February  17,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS> 


109 


JOHN  D.  YOST,  San  Francisco. 


H.  S.  CROCKER,  Sacramento, 


H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO., 


Importing  and 


BLANK  BOOK  MANUFACTURERS, 


WRlNTmmB  MNl 


[1IM1APII 


T»'^< 


^f 


401  &  403  SANSOME  STREET, 


l^jnt   iPiEE^isroiEeoo. 


As  Large  a  Stock  of  Stationery, 

As  Complete  and  Well  Selected  Printing  Office, 

Goods  as  Cheap  and  Good  as  any  House  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 


A.    L.    BANCROFT    &,    CO., 

Scientific    Books    for    Mechanics, 


EMBRACING    THE    LATEST    WORKS    ON 


ARCHITECTURE, 

CARPENTERING, 

MECHANICS, 


MINING    AND    ASSAYING, 

ENGINEERING, 

FINE    ARTS. 


The  men  who  are  successful  are  those  who  maBter  their  profession,  and  this  is  accomplished  only  by  the 
persistent  study  of  the  books  relating  to  that  specialty. 

BOOKS    IN     EVERY    DEPARTMENT    OF    SCIENCE. 

KJP  Send  for  Price  List. 

A.    L.     BANCROFT    &    CO., 

Booksellers,    Stationers,    Printers,    Binders    and    Lithographers, 

721  MARKET  STREET SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

7v24-lau)4t 


PATENT    TUBULAR    WHEELBARROWS. 


Theso  Barrows  are 
the  Frames  being  Tub- 
Wheels,  etc..  Wrought 
Strongest,  Moat  Durable 
made.  Overl.OOOare  in 
are  giving  entire  eatiB- 
stant  wear  or  accident 
can  be  immediately  du- 


made  entirely  of  Iron — 
ing,  and  tho  Trays, 
Iron.  They  are  the 
and  Economical  Barrow 
iiBe  on  this  Coast,  and 
faction.  If  from  con- 
any  part  gives  out,  it 
plicated. 


..     ,    _       ,  _.  Tubing.  Wheel.  That.  Weight. 

No.  1,  Canal  fcizo A 1    inch.  .       16  inch.  36x32  inch.  58  lbs. 

No.  2,  Banded 1        "  16    »  38x14    "  80    " 

No.  3   Banded \U    "  18    "  38x44    "  101    " 

No.  4   Banded 1>4    '■  18    "  40x48    "  116    " 

WoodBarrowB 1       '*  16    ■'  64    " 

MANUFACTURED    ONLY    BY 

CALVIN     NUTTING    &    SON, 

417  and  419  Market  street,  below  First SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  have  been  using  the  Tubular  BarroWB  for  two  years,  and  for  Economy  and  Durability  they  cannot  bo  equalled. 

SAVAGi.  &  SON,  Empire  Foundry. 

For  economy  and  durability  tho  Tubular  Barrows  cannot  be  excelled.    "Would  not  be  without  them. 

H.  T.  HOLMES  &  CO.,  Lime  Manufacturers. 


CAMERON'S 
STEAM    DPTJMPS. 

MOKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GIFFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 
STEAM    TRAP. 
Surface   Condensers. 
DAVID~STODDART, 

114  BEA1E  STREET,  S.  E. 


NATHAN    &    DREYFUS' 

PATENT    SELF-OILERS 
And    Cylinder    Cups 

Save  from  75  to  95  per  cent,  of  Oil.  No  bettor  investment  for  the  amount 
can  be  made  by  any  person  having  machinery  or  running  shafting.  They 
are  bo  well  known  as  to  need  no  description.  All  the  trouble  of  "oiling  up" 
is  avoided.  There  is  ne  waste  of  oil,  and  no  cans  are  needed.  A  single  trial 
will  prove  their  value. 

We  will  put  them  into  any  mill,  and  if  not  perfectly  satisfactory,  they 
may  be  returned  at  our  expense,  and  the  price  will  be  refunded.  We  havea. 
large  stock  on  hand,  of  all  Bizes,  adapted  to  all  descriptions  of  boxes. 

Send  for  Price  List  and  Circular. 

TEEADWELL    &    CO., 
lv24-eow-tf  Corner  Fremont  and  Market  Streets,  San  Francisco. 


Phelps'  Patent  Animal  Trap, 


FOR  GOPHERS,  SQIRRELS,  RATS,  CAYOTES, 
and  other  "  Varmints." 

This  Trap,  as  may  be  seen,  is  of  simple  construction 
and  not  likely  to  get  out  of  order,  and  very  durable. 

It  is  Very  Efficient 
and  can  be  used  conveniently  by  women  or  children. 
THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST  YET  INVENTED.  Price 
50  cents.  By  mail,  prepaid  (to  places  where  express 
charges  are  high),  $1.  A  liberal  discount  to  clubs  or 
dealers  who  buy  by  the  dozen.  Address  the  inventor 
and  manufacturer,  D.  N.  PHELPS, 

al-ly-awbp         San  Leandro,  Alameda  County,  Cal, 


iiBVANT*  STRATTON  J?T%1 ' 

(ESS  COLLEGE' 

au,P0STsr.         ^! 

'SAN^ciSC'O1 


IS  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  S0300L  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  courBe 
of  instruction  iB  valuable  to  persons  of  both  BexeB  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heald'b  Col- 
lege Journal. 

Address  E.  P.  HEALD, 

President  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 

3v3-eowbp 


no 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABIiISSEID    1SJS1. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First:  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  i'RANOISCO 

IKA   r.  BAXKIX,  A.  r.  BBATTON, 

«EO.  IV.  FO60,  Snperlntendeiit. 

j^teamEngiiies  and  Boilers, 

MAB1NE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
jiriceB,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

H7~  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Rpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  OOTEBNOB. 

18T2»-3m  QODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MJ.NOI\AOT0aER3    OF 

WTEAM    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Floixr    and    Saw    SXille, 

Hayes*  Improved   Steam   Pnmp,  Brodle's  Im- 
proved      Crusher,      Mining;      Pumps, 
Amiilitamatori,  and  all  kinds 
or  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-Q7 


GEORGE   T.    PRACT, 
MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111   Mission  Street, 

SAN  FBAN0ISC0. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  hind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing   Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HA  WLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,   MANUFACTUHOt   AND   SOLE   AGENT  FOB 

Praoy's    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING}  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

M-UIOFACTDRERS  Of 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

GROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Onnliar'i  Patent  Self-Adlustlnir  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kind*  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets, 

RAflKAHKrlTO  ClTT 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY   BLOWER. 

MANUFACTURED    AT 

The  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton,  Cal. 

AWARDED    THE     FIRST     PREMIUM    AT    THE  PARIS    EXPOSITION— PATENTED 
NOV.  1,  18641;  VTULY  24,  1866 ;  AND  OCT.  9,  1866. 

Adapted 


Smelting, 

Foundry, 

Mining 

and 


Than    any    Blower 


Steamships. 


One  of  these  Blowers  may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Garratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco;  Gould  &  Curry  and 
Savage  S.  M.  Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C.  P.  R.  P..  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Caution.— Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  to  the  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  parties, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  the  requirements  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUARTZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IRON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES. 
HORSE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OF  ALL  SIZES. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

4vmf  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

F.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  'Works),  Proprietor. 


PACIFIO 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Eyery  "Variety  of  Sliaftiner* 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 

Steamboat   Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con- 

meeting  Bods,  Car  and  XiOComotWe  Axles 

and   Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  Blze. 

■a-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLINS  HILL 
COMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  will  celve 
(i.'ompt  attention 

•9*  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron         9vl43in 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
SOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Bailroad  Corporations. 

.YOUR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beach    Street,    Philadelphia,    Penn. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

<y  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NAP.H0 W  GAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl 
vania  and  elsewhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND    PHOTOCRAPHS. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OEDEB, 


HYDEAULIC     CHIEF. 
FISHER'S 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 

16  THE 

Cheapest  and   Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 

The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
9v23-tf  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

136  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

L1BKT  AND  HEATT  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


Miners'   Foundry   and    Machine   Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 
First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  Sam  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 
?v23tf  I.  L.  MORTLHKAP,  President. 


CALDTTELIjis 

Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WOKKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v24-3m  ¥M.  CALDWELL. 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  IBS  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Sblp  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steamboat  Bella  and 
Gongsof  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
draulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Conftec 
tiona  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
8®-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -ffi* 
J.   H.  WEED-  V.  KINGWELL. 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  St.,  near  the  Gas  Worts,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  "&BOI1AND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


[February  17,  1S72. 
COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  Will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILlT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating-  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDEAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
■we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  wort  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
5v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 

H-    J.    BOOTH    &    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast) . 
Cor.    First    and   Mission    Sts.f 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — mad* 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
Far  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  size. 

Irrigating-   Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J.  BOOTH.  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT,  IRVING  M.  SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 

THE    ItlSDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL 51,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS : 
Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets. 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Floor 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wm.  Alvord,  0.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

O.  E.  MoLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary. 

24vl7-ay 

Machinery. 


MOLDING,    M0KTISDTG, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL,    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 

F.r  Railroad,  Oak,  and  Agri- 

ouLTonAL  Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 

3SP"  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

J.   A.   FAY  &   CO., 

CrNCTNNAxr,  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANUFACTTTEEES    OF 


"WOOD-WORKING  'MACHINERY, 

)  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 
Philadelphia  . 


*  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v2S-ly 


California  File  Manuf 'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Fkanoxsco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BEAPEK  AND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BASS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
romptly  attended  to.  9vl9*by 


February  17,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


Ill 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  Statu  Fair,  Siuramcnto,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  iupcrior  to  any  they"  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly  by  prewmirt:  of  OODflttQMd  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  rvgulntt-d  (index  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  tlien  becomes  greasy  ateam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  strofeo  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rod*  and  sterna  lasts  longer,  and  the  rin^s  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  I, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  aatls- 
Baetlon.  Patented  February  14,  1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  ISO  First  street,  8.  F.      24v£itf 


JSA1V    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MASTJFACTUIlEItS   OF  ALL  KINDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Snip  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  16  Dramm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


J.  W.   THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  A  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Noa.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

AIX-ORDEKS  KXECDTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v21-6m 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W\  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  k  Co.,"  is  thin  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  Interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
an  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  k  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
T*  OILER,     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Uo-vqrri  «t  hetwrefi  Fremont  and    Beale.  Pan  FrnT<pln<v. 


NELSON    &-  DOBLE, 

AGENTS   FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OP 
Sledge*,    HiimiiRT",    Stone    Cutter*',    Illaoh 

■mlthV  and  ft orie-Shoeri'  Tool*. 
1»  and  15  Fremont  street,  hear  Market,  San  Francis 
IflvUqr 


SHEET    IR03V    3PIFE- 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  A8PHALTTJM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  OAK  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

VjT  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


KNOWLES'   PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Awarded   First   Premium   and   Diploma 

Over  all  Competitors,  at  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  San  Francisco,  1871 ;  also  Special 
Medal  and  Diploma  at  State  Fair. 


CAST    STEEL    FILES. 

John  T.  Bunker  &  Oo.'s— We   wish   to    Inform 
Dealers  and  lion  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  these 
o    elebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  Buperior  inducements 
t   o  introduce  them.    (22-v23-3nl)         HOOKER  it  CO. 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
pasfc  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 

CENTRAL  PACIFIC  RE.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC,  1 
Sacramento,  Cal.,  April  14, 1871.  ) 

A.  L.  FISH,  Ebq.,  Agent  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  San  Francisco— Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  as 
to  the  meritB  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  in  use  upon  this  road,  I  will  say  that  we  have  nineteen  of  them  in 
use  on  this  road  aB  fire  engines,  and  pumping  water  for  Bhop  and  station  use.  I  consider  the  Knowles  Steam 
Pump  the  beBt  in  use,  and  prefer  it  to  any  other.    Yours  truly,       A,  J.  STEVENS,  General  Master  Mechanic. 


WE    BUILD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE  LARGEST   STOCK   OF   PUMPS   IN   THE  WORLD, 

And  for  Every  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

No   ©  First  IStx-eet,  Sail  Francisco,  Cal. 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


PATENTED 


Combines   Simplicity   and   Durability   to  a   Remarkable  Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

A.    CARB, 

43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v23-ly-eow 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIBST  PEEMTUm 
American  InBtitute,S1867  andJ1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MANUFACTURER 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-Acting 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED  IN   ENGLAND,  BELGIUM  AND 
FBANCE.   SEND  FOB  CIECDXAB. 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

PATTERNS     AND     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En- 
trance on  Natoma  Btreet.  6v23-3m 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODG-ERS,  METER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  »ll  kinds  or  Ores,  and  particular  nttentlOB 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  SOOBI. 

«vl6-3m 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 
SWANSEA. 

Tl  i.ii  ATtn^-iN  k  Co.  hare  boon  for  thirty  yean  estalilishel 
in  Swansea  ox  Atfuuta  for  th»  preparation.  Samp  tint;.  A-kby- 
ins,  and  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Go). I,  Lead,  zinc,  urn!  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  for  which  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  under  cover,  1,000  feet  of  (Juav  Front- 
ase  within  the  Floating  Douk,  and  the  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  mske 
advances  against  Ores  In  anticipation  of  realization,  and  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  3v2Mya 


THEODORE    KALLENBEEG, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  hinds  of  Diqe, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Eepairing  done  on  Very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

■4.3C1    Muntk'ninery  St.  op  attilre. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores. 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  "Mineral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particulai 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  V.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallurgical 

CHEMI8T, 
No.    6X1     Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mint i 

San  Francisco,   Cal.  7v21-8m 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  YVORKS- 

19  and  21  First  St.,  in  Oolden  State  Foundry. 

KIOTTE  «fe    LKkllAKllT. 

Ores    Crashed,    Sampled    ami    Aiiuyed, 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guaranteed.  AnswerB  to  all  metullur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  26v21-3m 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    619    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.  A.   MAES,  Assayer. 

*7"  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.        10v20 


a.  W.  STBONQ. 


W.  L. STRONG 


C.   W.  STRONG   1l  CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Fbangisoo 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  eto.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  eare.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc,  Eto. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
26  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22vl8 


ALL   NEW   AND    OLD    PROCESSES 

—  OF  — 

Mining,  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately   described   and   discussed,   and   the 

Lalost    IVe^vs 

From  American  and  Foreign  Mines ;  together  with  th« 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  the  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Clubr 

and  other  Scientific  Bodies,  and 

WEEKLY    POPULAR   ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
Will  be  found  in  the 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R.  W.  RAYMOND  and  W.  P.  WARD,  Editora. 

Subscription,  $4,  currency,  per  annum ;  $2.26  for  bU 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Company, 


P.  O.  Box  4404. 


WTLLABD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Row,  New  York. 


AMBLER'S  BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Roasting    Rebellious    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  sulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 


MONROE    THOMSON, 


At  444  California  street, 
notice. 


San  Francisco,  until  further 
6v23-3m 


w 


SCIENTIFIC'  PRESSi 


[February  17,  1872. 


Dewey    &   Co.,    U.    S.    and 
Foreign  Patent  Solicitors 
and  Counsellors,  Scien- 
tific     Press     Office, 
Principal    Agency 
for  the  Pacific 
States.    Es- 
tablished 
i860. 

Oub  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent  Agencv  presents 
many  and  important  advantages  as  a  Home  Agency  over 
all  others  by  reasons  of  long  establishment,  great  expe- 
rience, thorough  system,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  subjects  of  inventions  in  our  own  community. 
All  worthy  inventions  patented  through  our  Agency  will 
have  the  benefit  of  an  illustration  or  a  description  in  the 
8oientifio  Pbess.  "We  transact  every  branch  of  Patent 
ousineBS,  and  obtain  Patents  in  all  civilized  countries. 
The  large  majority  of  U.  S  and  Foreign  Patents  granted 
to  inventors  on  the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  obtained 
through  our  Agency.  We  oan  give  the  best  and  most 
reliable  advice  as  to  the  patentability  of  new  inventions. 
Advice  and  Ctboulabs  free.  Our  prices  are  as  low  as 
any  first-class  agencies  in  the  Eastern  States,  while  our 
advantages  for  Pacific  Coast  inventors  are  far  superior. 

Engraving  on  Wood,  of  every  kind,  for  illustrating 
machinery,  buildings,  trade  circulars,  labels,  plain  or  in 
colors,  designed  and  cut  in  the  best  style  of  the  art  by 
experts  in  our  own  office.    Also,  engraving  on  metals. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 

Publishers,  Patent  Agents,  and  Engraver*1 

No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Franoisoo,  Cal. 

The  Scientxfio  Pbess,  devoted  to  Mining, 
Mechanic  Arts,  Inventions,  Etc.,  published  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  was  established  in  1860,  and  is 
now  known  as  one  of  the  most  substantial  and 
reliable  industrial  publications  in  America. 
$4  per  annum.     Single  copies  10  cts. 

FOR  25  CENTS  we  will  send,  postpaid,  four 
sample  copies  (recent  numbers)  of  the  Pbess.  This, 
we  believe,  will  induce  many  to  subscribe  who  have  not 
yet  read  our  paper.  It  is  a  cheap  and  valuable  favor  to 
send  a  friend  anywhere. 

CUPDAUIUP  DESIGNING   AND    ENGRAVING 

CnUnMVIllU  on  wood  and  for  electrotype  outs 

of  every  description,  done  by  supe- 

n|l    Ufftftll     nor    artists   at    the  office  of  the 

UN     WUUU     SCIENTIFIC    PRESS.     Fine    Cute 

made    for   Book   and    Newspaper 

Illustrations,  and  for   Fancy  Labels   for  printing  in 

various  colors;  Monograms,  Seals,  etc,  etc.    Prompt 

execution  and  reasonable  prices. 


^ealfaraltfoxieJourV 


It  is  one  of  the  Largest,  best  Illustrated  and  most  Original 

and  Enterprising  Agricultural  Journals  in  America, 

and  has  no  rival  on  the  western  side  of  the 

Continent.    Its  circulation  is  Rapidly 

Increasing,  and  it  is  Very 

Popular  with  its 

Patrons. 

A.  NEW  HTTSBAJVOR-Y, 

as  It  were,  is  required  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  account  of  its 

Seculiar  seasons,  soil,  climate  and  topography.  The  new 
iscoveries,  ideas,  and  useful  hints  evolved  in  its  rapid 
progress,  are  to  be  observed  with  interest,  and  read,  as  re- 
ported in  the  Pacific  Rubal,  with  profit  by  praotical  and 
progressive  agriculturists  everywhere.  Sample  copies  of 
the  Pbess,  post  paid,  10  cts.    Subscription,  $4  a  year. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    Nov.,  1871 


R.    ANDREW! 


BTJC0E6SOB  TO 


F.  MANSELL  &  CO., 
House   and    Sign    Painters, 

412  PINE  STREET,    SAN   FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  at. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental  Sign  Wort. 


Country  Orders  Attended,  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and    Dispatch. 

Mechanics'  Institute. 

Entrance  27  Post  Street  (bet.  Kearny  and-  Montgomery) , 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 

The  Library  of  Reference,  the  Library,  Reading  Room 
and  Chees  Room  are  open  from  8  a.m.  until  10  p.m.  every 
day,  (except  Sundaya  and  Legal  Holidays) . 

The  Society  possesses  a  Library  of  18,000  volumes— 
the  most  valuable  technical  and  scientific  library  on  the 
Coast,  embraoing  the  transactions  of  the  leading  Scien- 
tific Societies  of  the  United  States  and  Europe,  (among 
which  are  the  philosophical  transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Great  Britain,  complete),  and  the  standard, 
scientific  and  technical  worts;  and  is  in  immediate  re- 
ceipt of  all  new  standards  publications. 

The  Reading  Room  is  supplied  with  the  current  peri- 
odicals  and  newspapers  of  theday. 

The  Mechanics'  Institute  is  open  to  all,  and  the 
Trustees  will  be  pleased  to  have  visitors  and  others  in 
spect  the  Rooms. 

Entrance  Fee,  $1.00.  Quarterly  Dues  (in  advance) 
41.60.    Life  Membership,  560. 


THE  GARDNER  AUTOMATIC  SAFETY-STOP  GOVERNOR. 


Th"se  Governors  have  now  been  sold  in  thie  market  for  several  years,  and  wherever  once  introduced  and  made 
known,  are  invariably  sought  after.  They  are  in  the  Eastern  States  fast  displacing  all  other  Steam  Governors,  and 
are  regarded  as  Oieperfect  regulator.  They  are  manufactured  by  Messrs .JGorchur  &  Robertson,  practical  engineers, 
who  have  given  many  years  time  exclusively  to  their  manufacture  and  perfection.  The  manufacturers  say:  After 
an  experience  of  eleven  years  in  the  manufacture  of  the  above  Governor,  during  which  time  several  important  im- 


provements have  been  made  and  two 
additional  patents  obtained,  we  feel 
justified  in  recommending  it  to  all 
parties  using  Steam  power,  and  war- 
ranting it  to  be  the  most  perfect  regu- 
lator in  the  market. 

The  Gardner  Governor  ia  so  well 
known  that  we  think  it  unnecessary  to 
enterinto  a  detailed  explanation  of  the 
principles  involved,  or  details  in  its 
construction,  merely  giving  the  lead- 
ing objects  realized  by  this  important 
invention.  The  Governor  combines 
with  the  greatest  simplicity  of  con- 
struction, accurate  regulation  of  speed, 

POSITIVE  INSURANCE  AGAINST  ALL  ACCI- 
DENTS LIABLE  TO  OCCTTK  FBOM  SUPPING 
OB  FABTTNG  THE  GOVEKNOB  OE  DBTVING 

belts,  and  a  convenient  arrangement 

for  ADJUSTING  THE  SPEED  OF  THE  EN- 
GINE while  in  motion,  without  change 
of  pullieB. 

The  construction  of  the  Governor  is 
extremely  simple,  having  no  springs, 
inside  joints,  swivels,  or  parts  liable 
to  disarrangement,  all  the  several  parts 
are  duplicates  of  e:ich  other  in  the  same 
series;  the  most  skillful  workmen  are 
employed,  the  best  material  used  and 


St 


I 


i 


adapted  to  their  manufacture.  The 
valve  is  most  pebfectly  balanced, 
and  the  Governor  is  built  with  a  view 
of  securing  the  quickest  and  most  sen- 
sitive action  possibly  attainable  in  a 
steam  regulator.  Thus  with  accurate 
machinery,  and  skilled  labor,  and  de- 
voting our  whole  attention  to  the 
manufacture  of  this  one  article,  we 
are  able  to  produce  a  perfect  and  relia- 
ble Governor  at  a  low  price. 

We  do  not  publish  any  letters  of  rec- 
ommendations, but  can  give  references 
to  upwards  of  5,000  parties  through- 
out tbe  United  States,  who  are  using 
the  Gardner  Governor. 

We  would  especially  invite  the  atten- 
tion of  steam  Engine  Builders  to  this 
Governor,  feeling  assured  that  they 
can  purchase  for  less  than  they  can 
make  an  inferior  article,  and  thereby 
increase  the  value  and  sales  of  their 
Engines. 

We  respectfully  refer  to  the  follow- 
ing parties  using  the  Gardner  Gov- 
ernor, and  can  speak  understanding] y 
of  its  merits :  Oakland  Cotton  Mills, 
the  Selby  Lead  and  Silver  Smelting 
Works,  L.  &  E.  Emanuel,  Vulcan  Iron 
Works,  Fulton  Foundry,  LevisonBros., 
and  others  in  San  Francisco;  Ophir  Co. ,  Lady 


the    machinery    employed    especially 

Cal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory,  D.  A.  McDonald  &  Co.,  __  

Bryan,  and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  Virginia,  Nev.;  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F. 
Chury, '  Albany,  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

&y  WE  WARRANT  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  circumstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  miles  of  San  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  be  returned  to  us 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

{Ky-When  ordering  please  state  whether  Throttle- Valve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Finished 
Governor  is  desired.  ***The  rate  of  speed  fob  Goveenob  is  fully  stamped  on  the  revolving  head  of  every 
Governor.    Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Agents    for    Pacific    States,    San   Francisco. 

B3"At  Treadwell  &  Co.'6(late  BERRY  &  PLACE'S) Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  may  be  found  in  stock  the  above 
Governors,  together  with  all  sizes  of  HOADLET'S  PORTABLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS,  STURTE- 
TANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS,  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DREYFDS'S  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS,  Etc. 
Also  a  heavy  stock  of  HARDWARE  AND  MINING  TOOLS,  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BOILER  FELT 
(saves  25  per  cent,  of  fuel) ,  SELF-OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kinds) ,  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millmen's  findings.       7v24-tf 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famouB  regular 

GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    S    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

BA.NK     BLASTING,      COAL     MINES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROOK    IS    NOT    VERT    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 
DPx'ice.    SO  Cents  3>ei*    round.. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 
20v22-3mI6p 


BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 

General  Agents,  No.    210  Front  Street. 


FRANCIS   SMITH  &   CO., 

ManxiiTactixrex's    of 

HYDRAULIC    PIPE, 

— AND— 

Artesian  Well  Pipe— All  Sizes. 


Having  the  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  we  can  make  it 
an  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO  CONTHACT  WITH  US   FOR 

SHEET    IROIN     FII»E. 


All  "Work  Guaranteed. 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  ,San  Francisco. 

4v24-eow3mlGp 


w.  h.  Goiuuxx,  Pres't. 


o.  h.  gorrill,  Sec  y. 


Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  Wooden  and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  specifications  furnisher)  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  sent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  stone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

Address  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

3v2-3m-eow  Oakland  Cal. 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  SHOWN, 

7v24-lm  Placerville,  Cal. 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


A    person    who    is 
competent  to    prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
DwellingS.Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural   improvements, 
■will    make    favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
T~  Has  had  full  experience 
_  Jps^  on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure  >  good    satisfac- 
EDW.    W.    TIFT, 
No.  807  Howard  street,  San  Francisco, 


W.  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO- 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Stltislou  find  Fremont  Streets* 


MANUFACTURERS  OP 


Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Priotion  or  Baibbet  Metal 

C  -^STINGS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN    AX1)       ,AXD     I5EI,JLS,     GOJVttS, 

FIRE  ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 
-Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PLPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work,  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

BS^Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GABRATT,  JAMES  HTLLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPATTLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUPACTUKEB  OF 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  HOTTER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisoo. 


Hubbard,    Lippincott,    Bakewell   &    Co., 


^MAlVtJDF'-A-CTXJItEKS. 

J.  E.  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  are  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lippencott  <£• 
Tutlle's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  o 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbabd  Bro.  &  Co.  and  Lippencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADEP. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  will  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest  Market  Prices, 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

B£?°  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  address 

HUBBARD,  LIPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
mall-16p-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

W.  E.  L00MIS, 

$4  00 

3  00 

5  00 

6  00 

15  00 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  coiner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

HTTPPT.TttS    *T.T, 

All  the  Year  Round. . 

Eastern    Perodicais, 

B1THB 

Tear,  Month,  or  Number, 

MINING-    BUREAU 


Pacific  Coast. 

Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Consulate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Building) ,  Room  32,  Third  floor. 

J.  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.  Hutchtns,  secretary, 

N.  B.— Application  for  Registry,  t  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary, San  FranciBco  office. 


An    Illustrated    Journal   of   Scientific     and 


dustrial    Progress, 


BY    I>EWEY   &    CO. 

1-. ii  .-in    Sollc-lcora. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  24,  1872. 


VOLUME    XX.IV. 

iNimibor    8. 


The  Vapor  of  Mercury. 

Mercury  is,  with   the   exception  of  bro- 
mine, the  only  element  that  is  fluid  at  or- 
dinary temporature.  It  freezes  at — 40'  and 
boils  at  about  6G0'  F.    For  some  time  it 
was  supposed  to  bo  non-volatile  at  ordin- 
ary  temperatures,  but  the   experiments  of 
Karston,  Brame  and   others,  prove  that  at 
even  32'  the  volatilization  of   the  metal  is 
perceptible  as  well  in  contact  with  air  as 
in  vacuo.    This  may  bo  proved  by  suspend- 
ing a  gold  ring  or  gold   leaf  in  a  flask  con- 
taining some  of  the   metal,  when,  after  a 
few  weeks  it  will   appoar   amalgamated. 
Karsten  assorts  that  at   32'  mercury  gives 
off  as  much  vapor  as  to  develop  the  image 
on  a  daguerreotype  plate  held  over  it  at  a 
convenient  distance.     By  the  aid   of   sul- 
phur in  a  finely  divided  condition,  as  when 
precipitated  from  a  state  of  vapor,  Brame 
found  that  at  53.6'  the  tension  of  the  va- 
por   rises  to   the  hight  of  three   feet  and 
even  higher.     He  is  also  of   the   opinion 
that  in  air,  and  the  vapor  of  sulphur,  the 
vapor  of  mercury  diffuses  itself  according 
to  the  laws  which  governs  other  gases. 
How  to  Detect  the  Vapor  of  Mercury   in  the  At- 
mosphere. 
M.  Merget  has  discovered  that  by  dis- 
solving   iridium,     palladium,    platinum, 
gold,  or  silver,  in  aqita  regia,  a  reagent  is 
obtained,  which  is  extremely   sensitive  to 
mercury,   and    which    will,   he  believes, 
prove  of  great  value  in   solving  a  number 
of  practical    and    theoretical    problems, 
among  them   the  highfc  to  which   mercu- 
rial vapor  rises  at  ordinary   temperatures. 
A  piece  of  paper  impregnated  with  the  so- 
lution, when  brought  in  contact  with  mer- 
cury or  mercurial  vapors,  no   matter  how 
small  an  amount  or  how  low  the  temperature 
may  be,   is  immediately  marked   with  an 
indelible  black  stain.     M.  Merget  expects 
to  be  able  to  prove   that  the  vapor  which 
mercury  constantly  sends  forth,  ascends  to 
the  hight  of  1700  metres,  at  the  rate  of 
180  metres  per  second. 

These  experiments  are  of  great  practical 
value  to  all  who  are  compelled  to  work  in 
the  presence  of  vapor  of  mercury,  for  by 
means  of  these  test  papers  it  will  be  made 
manifest  in  all  workshops,  warehouses  and 
mills  where  the  metal  is  used  or  stored. 
The  injurious  effects  consequent  upon  in- 
haling the  fumes  or  vapor  into  the  system 
are  well  known,  and  all  chances  of  doing 
so  should  be  avoided  as  far  as  possible. 
This  metal,  like  lead,  remains  in  the  system 
and  will  increase  little  by  little  until  it 
seriously  impairs  the  health.  Cases  are 
known  where  lead  when  absorbed  from 
water  which  had  flowed  through  lead  pipes, 
showed  its  oumulative  effects  in  25  or  30 
years.  Mercury  will  act  somewhat  in  the 
same  manner,  and  if  a  workman  passes 
but  one  hour  a  day  in  atmosphere  contain- 
ing its  fumes  his  clothing,  face,  hair  and 
beard  become  impregnated  with  it.  By 
using  these  prepared  papers  the  workman 
has  but  to  touch  one  and  the  presence  of 
mercury  is  shown  by  a  well-defined  black 
mark.  "When  this  happens,  means  should 
be  taken  to  keep  it  closed  in  flasks  properly 
corked. 


Stebins'  Hydraulic  Elevator. 

Among  the  necessities  called  into  exist- 
ence by  the  requirements  of  modern  civil- 
ization, are  convenient  methods  for  raising 
and  lowering  persons  and  goods  in  our 
high  buildings,  so  as  to  save  time  and 
muscle.  For  this  purpose  steam  was  for 
merly  used,  but  recently  water  has  been 
employed  as  a  motive  power  for  this  pur- 
pose. Although  the  latter  is  by  far  the 
more  economical  and  convenient  power, 
a  difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  con- 
triving a  machine  that  would  do  its  work 

Fig.  I. 


shown  in  Fig.  1.  The  Bhaft  carries  the 
hoisting  pulley  and  the  pinion  and  the  two 
racks  operate  upon  the  opposite  sides  of 
the  piniou,  and  thus  drive  the  pulley. 

The  racks  are  kept  in  contact  with  the 
pinions  by  friction  wheels  behind  them. 
One  cylinder  takes  the  water  above  the 
piston  and  therefore  has  a  stuffing  box 
through  which  its  piston  rod  passes.  The 
rack  is  high  enough  above  the  stuffing- 
box  to  allow  the  piston  to  descend  to  the 
bottom  of  the  cylinder.  The  other  cylin- 
der which  takes  its  water  below  the  piston 
needs  no  stuffing-box,  but  the  rack  can  be 

Fig.  II. 


regularly  and  without  leakage.  A  recent 
invention  by  Mr.  Timothy  Stebins.seems  to 
embody  these  advantages  with  that  of  sim- 
plicity of  construction.  It  consists  in  the  em- 
ployment of  two  operating  cylinders  and  pis- 
tons, moving  in  opposite  directions,  with 
racks  which  mesh  into  opposite  sides  of  a 
pinion  on  the  shaft  of  the  elevating  pulley  so 
that  either  one  or  both  cylinders  may  be  em- 
ployed as  the  load  may  require,  and  so  that 
when  the  two  are  used  the  strain  upon  the 
shaft  is  reduoed  to  a  minimum.  The  two 
cylinders  are  so  arranged  that  one  takes 
water  below  the  piston  and  the  other 
above.  The  piston  rods  are  extended  up- 
wards in  the  form  of  racks;  one  of  these 
racks  passing  up  at  one  side  of  the  shaft 
and  the  other  upon  the  opposite  side,  as 


carried  down  into  the  cylinder.  The 
water  is  brought  through  a  pipe  and  under 
pressure  to  the  distributing  valves,  and 
by  means  of  a  rope  passing  around  a  pul- 
ley which  operates  the  valves,  and  through 
the  platform  of  the  elevator  this  pulley 
can  be  turned  to  admit  the  water  to  one  or 
both  of  the  cylinders,  or  to  cut  it  off  alto- 
gether by  means  of  a  valve.  The  lower 
inside  pulley  has  also  a  rope  passing 
through  the  elevator  platform  and  by  this 
pulley  a  valve  is  operated  to  cut  off  one 
cylinder  and  allow  only  one  to  act.  When 
this  is  done  the  cylinder  which  is  cut  off  is 
allowed  to  communicate  with  the  air 
through  an  opening,  so  that  the  vacuum 
or  the  condensation  of  air  may  not  retard 
its  free  movement.  The  upper  curved  pipe 


conveys  the  water  to  one  cylinder,  and  the 
lower  pipe  to  the  other.  Lugs  on  the  pul- 
leys limit  their  motion  and  dotermino 
their  position,  whether  open  or  closed. 

Fig.  1  represents  the  double  cylinder 
apparatus  which  is  calculated  to  raise 
1,000  lbs.  on  the  platform,  30  feet  with  42 
gallons  of  water.  With  light  loads  one 
cylinder  only  need  be  used,  and  in  that  case 
the  amount  of  water  required  is  reduced. 
Fig.  2  shows  the  apparatus  with  but  a  single 
cylinder  and  a  cage  represented  in  the  act 
of  being  hoisted.  The  beams  are  repre- 
sented as  broken  to  show  that  the  cage 
and  beams  are  not  proportioned  in  length. 
This  single  cylinder  uses  the  same  amount 
of  ^water  as  when  both  are  used  in  the 
other.  The  hoisting  apparatus  may  be 
placed  perpendicularly  as  Bhown,  or  hori- 
zontally, if  more  convenient,  and  may  be 
located  away  from  the  cage  and  connected 
with  it  by  gearing.  A  safety  clutch,  in- 
vented by  the  same  patentee,  is  used, 
which  grasps  the  upright  beams  in  case 
the  rope  should  break,  and  precludes  the 
possibility  of  accident.  The  apparatus 
will  be  found  very  convenient  in  high 
buildings,  where  goods  have  to  be  hoisted 
and  stored,  for  by  simply  pulling  the  rope 
the  cage  is  raised  or  lowered  without  man- 
ual labor.  Its  speed  can  be  regulated  at 
will.  For  offices  in  high  buildings  it  is 
invaluable,  and  by  general  use  second  and 
third  story  rooms  would  be  even  prefera- 
ble to  those  on  the  street  floor  on  account 
of  being  away  from  noise  and  confusion. 

The  inventor  has  secured  protection  for 
this  invention  through  the  Soientifio 
Peess  Patent  Agency.  A  working  model 
may  be  seen  at  No.  13  Fremont  street. 
For  further  particulars  address  Timothy 
Stebins,  San  Francisco,  CaL 


Beet  Sugar  Machinery. 

On  making  the  necessary  inquiry  it  will 
be  found  that  a  considerable  part  of  the 
nice  machinery  at  Alvarado,  including 
centrifugals  for  the  separation  of  the  juice 
of  the  beets  from  the  pulp,  and  the  mo- 
lasses from  the  crystallized  sugars,  were 
made  in  Germany  and  imported  at  large 
cost.  So  also  of  the  Sacramento  Valley 
Beet  Sugar  Company,  nearly  all  of  its 
machinery  was  imported  from  Europe,  and 
the  mere  cost  of  freight  alone,  exceeded 
$10,000.  In  view  of  the  fact  of  the  un- 
doubted success  of  both  of  these  establish- 
ments, we  can  safely  rely  upon  an  addi- 
tional number  of  beet  sugaries  in  California 
at  an  early  day;  and  this  consummation 
would  be  hastened  materially  if  some  one 
or  more  of  our  foundry  men  would  turn 
their  attention  in  the  direction  of  supply- 
ing what  is  sure  to  become  a  certain  want. 
If  our  farmers  by  association,  or  our 
capitalists,  could  contract  for  the  requisite 
machinery,  the  construction  of  which 
would  be  under  their  direct  supervision, 
without  being  obliged  to  send  or  make  a 
trip  to  Europe,  to  get  their  orders  filled, 
we  should  hear  more  of  new  sugar  facto- 
ries about  to   be  erected  than  we  do  now. 

About  $50,000,000  are  invested  in  manu- 
facturing in  Fall  River,  Mass, 


114 


SCIENTIFIC'  PRESS- 


fPebruary  24,  1872. 


Correspondence. 


Our  Auriferous  Gravel— Mining  Low- 
Grade    Gravel. 

Editors  Peess  : — At  no  time  in  the 
history  of  California  has  there  been  more 
interest  directed  towards  gravel  mining  in 
this  State  than  at  the  present.  In  this 
connection  it  may  be  well  to  state  some 
facts  that  may  be  interesting  to  the  general 
miner,  as  well  as  those  seeking  safe  in- 
vestments in  mining  enterprises. 

It  is  a  fact  that  there  are  several  hun- 
dred thousand  acres  of  auriferous  gravel 
deposits  in  the  State  of  California  yet  un- 
worked,  and  in  fact  unexplored.  That 
these  vast  deposits  are  accessible  and 
open  to  enterprise,  and  can  be  made  profit- 
able by  working  systematically,  is  also  a 
fact.  Two  questions  are  suggested :  How 
low-grade  gravel  can  be  worked  with 
profit?  And  2d.  What  can  be  taken  as  a 
fair  average  yield  of  the  deep  placers  or 
gravel  deposits  ?  In  answer  to  the  first 
proposition  we  can  state  facts.  Williams 
&  Cox,  under  the  superintendence  of  G. 
W.  Cox,  washed  off  at  Chandlerville, 
Sierra  Co. ,  last  year,  fifteen  claims  of  one 
hundred  feet  square  each,  averaging  gravel 
thirty  feet  in  depth;  this  gives  a  little 
over  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  thousand 
six  hundred  and  sixty-six  cubic  yards, 
(166,666).  Prom  this  wash  seventeen 
thousand  dollars    ($17,000)    was  realized. 

Expense  of  water  about $10,00 

Expense  of  labor  about 3,000 

Net  profit 1,000 

Total,  (omitting  fractions) $17,000 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  gravel  yielded 
only  ten  cents  per  cubic  yard,  or  about  one 
third  of  a  cent  per  cubic  foot.  The  chance 
of  getting  "  a  color  "  by  washing  this 
quality  of  ground  in  a  pan  would  be  very 
doubtful.  If  any  poorer  grade  gravel  has 
been  washed  in  the  State  with  profit  let  us 
hear  from  it,  for  it  is  important  to  know 
how  poor  ground  can  be  profitably  washed 
off.  The  above  washing  was  done  with 
800  inches  water,  150  feet  pressure,  Craig's 
globe  joint-throwing  5%-ineh  stream, 
tail-flume  four  feet  wide. 

That  the  average  yield  of  the  gravel  de- 
posit will  be  more  than  fifty  cents  per  cubic 
yard  there  can  be  no  doubt.  At  Smarts- 
ville  the  upper  trata  to  a  depth  of  130 
feet  paid  about  48  cts.  per  onbic  yard,  the 
eighty  feet  next  below  paid  84  cts.  per 
cubic  yard,  while  the  bottom 'strata  pays 
much  greater.  Cherokee  Plat,  Butte  Co., 
shows  a  still  much  greater  yield.  Also  at 
San  Juan  the  gravel  is  said  to  pay  an 
average  of  over  60  cts.  per  yard.  At  Dutch 
Plat  there  is  a  very  extensive  deposit  of 
gravel  now  being  opened  by  capitalists  of 
San  Prancisco.  This  deposit  is  said  to 
carry  $1.80  per  cubic  yard. 

It  is  safe  then  to  assume  that  with  a 
liberal  supply  of  water  our  deepest  gravel 
deposits  can  be  profitably  washed,  off  and 
that  no  better  and  safer  investment  need 
be  sought  after. 

Much  of  the  water  now  flowing  to  the 
ocean,  should  be  held  in  reserve  in  the 
mountains  for  summer  use  by  means  of 
large  reservoirs;  canals  should  be  con- 
structed to  bring  forward  large  quantities 
of  water  to  mines  now  lying  idle  for  want 
of  this  indispensable  element.  The  field  is 
a  broad  one  and  capital  is  required. 

___^__^^^_       MlNEE. 

The  Carson  Mint. 

The  Register  of  14th  says:  Superintend- 
tent  Kice,  having  received  his  dies  from 
San  Prancisco,  commeneed  work  in  earnest 
at  the  mint  yesterday.  Owing  to  the  de- 
tention of  his  dies  from  the  East,  by  the 
blockade  on  the  railroad,  he  was  forced  to 
borrow  from  the  California  Mint,  in  order 
to  enable  him  to  meet  the  necessities^ 
the  community  who  are  dependent  to  a 
great  extent  upon  this  institution  for  coin 
for  home  purposes.  Yesterday  was  em- 
ployed in  turning  out  half  dollars  at  the 
rate  of  about  seventy  pieces  a  minute,  and 
to-day  some  $90,000  in  gold — twenty-dollar 
pieces — will  be  finished  and  ready  for  cir- 
culation. Altogether  the  institution  is  a 
success,  a  credit  to  the  State,  and  reflects 
honor  upon  its  present  management.  Ex- 
tensive and  important  improvements  are 
being  made  in  the  refining  room,  which 
will  greatly  facilitate  in  the  general  work- 
ings and  economy  of  that  department. 
From  this  time  forward  throughout  the 
spring  and  summer,  business  will  steadily 
grow  and  augment  into  figures  little 
dreamed  of  when  the  institution  was  first 
projected. 


Humboldt  Mining  Region. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Bulletin  writes  as 
follows  about  mining  matters  in  Humboldt 
county:  In  proof  of  the  prosperous  condi- 
tion of  the  mining  interest  here,  we  have 
the  fact  that  the  value  of  the  precious  met- 
als produced  in  Humboldt  county  the  past 
year  approximate  a  million  of  dollars,  bull- 
ion and  shipping  ores  included ;  the  pros- 
pect being  that  the  yield  for  the  current 
year  will  double  that  amount.  This  cal- 
culation is  based  on  the  assurance  that  the 
out-turn  of  the  Arizona  mine,  much  the 
largest  producer  in  the  county,  will  double 
that  of  last  year,  which  reached  nearly 
half  a  million,  and  that  a  corresponding 
increase  may  be  counted  upon  from  other 
leading  sources  of  production.  As  warrant 
for  this  opinion  we  have  the  further  fact 
that  nearly  all  the  older  mines  are  steadily 
incresing  their  yield,  while  many  new  ones 
are  being  constantly  developed  to  a  pro- 
ductive condition,  and  considerable  acces- 
sions made  to  the  ore-crushing  capacities 
of  the  district.  The  expectation  is  there- 
fore not  extravagant  that  the  yield  of  the 
Humboldt  mines  will  come  hard  upon 
two  million  dollars  for  the  next  twelve 
months. 

Mills. 

There  are  now  thirteen  ore-crushing 
mills  in  the  county,  exclusive  of  the  smelt- 
ing works,  at  Oreana,  and  the  Auburn  mill 
at  Eeno,  the  latter  mostly  fed  by  Hum- 
boldt ores.  These  several  works  are  able 
to  dispose  of  at  least  200  tons  of  ore  daily. 
Supposing  them  to  operate  250  days  out  of 
365,  on  ores  averaging  $40  per  ton,  we 
have  an  annual  production  of  $2,000,000; 
making  no  account  of  ores  shipped  away, 
■which  last  year  amounted  to  $150,000.  As 
the  above  is  a  very  low  estimate  average  of 
Humboldt  ores,  our  calculation  is  well 
within  bounds. 

The  Most  Active  Mining  Localities. 

In  the  Humboldt  region  are  found  just 
now  about  Unionville,  in  the  Star,  Central, 
Winnemucca  and  the  Battle  Mountain  dis- 
tricts, and  in  the  vicinity  of  Dun  Glen, 
Bye  Patch  and  Oreana,  at  each  of  which 
places  there  is  one  or  more  mills — Oreana 
being  the  site  of  the  smelting  works  before 
mentioned.  At  Unionville  there  are  four 
mills,  three  of  them  belong  to  the  Arizona 
company,  one  of  the  number  being  sup- 
plied with  an  Aiken  furnace  is  used  exclu- 
sively for  the  working  of  tailings. 

The  Arizona  Mines, 
Situated  on  the  brow  of  the  mountain,  a 
mile  and  a  half  above  this  place,  is  not  only 
the  most  thoroughly  explored  and  largely 
productive,  but  also  so  far  as  appearance 
goes,  the  most  valuable  mine  in  this  section 
of  the  country.  Though  not  a  massive 
vein — ranging  only  from  two  to  five  feet 
in  thickness — it  is  nevertheless  exceeding- 
ly compact,  uniform  and  shapely,  suffering 
little  contraction  and  but  few  displace- 
ments so  far  as  developments  have  extend- 
ed upon  it.  The  predominating  ore  is  a 
sulphuret  mixed  with  a  chloride  and  much 
metallic  silver.  A  large  proportion  of  the 
vein  matter  is  metalliferous,  two-thirds  of 
the  entire  mass  being  sent  to  the  mill.  As 
a  consequence — although  a  large  amount 
of  ore  is  daily  raised — the  mine  is  not  be- 
ing worked  in  a  rapidly  exhaustive  man- 
ner. At  the  lowest  points  reached  the 
ledge  has  an  average  thickness  of  four 
feet,  the  milling  ores  yielding,  tailings  in- 
cluded, from  sixty  to  seventy  dollars  per 
ton,  and  those  shipped  away,  from  three  to 
eight — averaging  about  five  hundred  dol- 
lars per  ton. 

The  ores  from  the  Arizona  are  let  down 
a  perpendicular  distance  of  nearly  a  thou- 
sand feet  over  a  tramway  laid  against  the 
side  of  the  mountain,  which  slopes  at  an 
angle  of  forty-five  degrees.  This  work, 
constructed  at  a  cost  of  $8,000,  obviates 
the  necessity  of  making  a  circuitous  jour- 
ney to  aad  from  the  mine  by  the  wagon 
road  formerly  in  use,  and  greatly  facili- 
tates the  labor  of  taking  up  supplies  and 
getting  down  the  ores. 

Other  Mines  and  Mining  Operations. 

Lying  on  the  same  ridge  and  not  far 
from  the  Arizona  are  the  Inskip  and  the 
Henning  lodes,  both  actively  worked  and 
well  opened  up,  and  affording  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  millable  with  some  ship- 
ping ore.  A  little  south  of  this  place  is 
the  Peru,  an  early  and  somewhat  noted  lo- 
cation, which,  with  its  extensions,  gives 
employment  at  intervals  to  a  small  work- 
ing force,  and  is  looked  upon  here  as  a 
promising,  not  to  say,  already  really  valu- 
able property.  Proceeding  towards  the 
south  we  pass  successively  the  Indian  and 
Sacramento  into  the  Belief  District,  pop- 
ulation growing  more  sparse  and  the  evi- 
dences of  active  exertion  more  feeble  as 
we  recede  from  Unionville,  the  most 
thrifty   and   stirring   mining   locality  in 


Humbolt,  Sacramento  and  Indian  are  old 
districts,  Belief  being  of  more  recent  for- 
mation. In  the  latter  the  common  blun- 
der seems  to  have  been  committed — that 
of  getting  in  a  mill  first  and  looking  out  for 
ore  supplies  afterwards;  a  mistake  that  is 
said  to  have  imparted  to  the  name  of  the 
district  a  peculiar  fitness  from  the  manner 
in  which  parties  investing  there  were  after- 
wards relieved  of  their  money.  It  is  con- 
tended, however,  by  those  having  best  op- 
portunity for  knowing  that  there  are  re- 
ally good  ledges  there,  the  trouble  met 
with  arising  from  a  neglect  to  properly 
open  them. 

Traveling  six  miles  north  from  this 
place  we  arrive  in  Star  Canon  the  site 
of. 

The  Sheba  Mine. 

The  mine  now  occupies  a  broad  and  fer- 
tile fissure,  is  turning  out  steadily  large 
complements  of  rich  ore,  and  is  likely  to 
justify  the  high  expectations  at  first  enter- 
tained of  it.  A  small  operative  force  is 
kept  at  work  on  the  Sheba,  the  owners  not 
caring  to  raise  any  large  quantity  of  ore 
until  a  suitable  mill  is  provided  for  its  re- 
duction. Works  of  limited  capacity  were 
put  up  last  summer  for  concentrating  the 
ore,  but  not  answering  a  good  purpose, 
they  were  run  only  for  a  short  time.  The 
ore  now  being  extracted  is  separated  into 
two  classes,  the  poorer  being  retained  for 
milling  on  the  ground,  and  the  other  ship- 
ped to  San  Francisco  for  a  market.  It  is 
of  high  average  grade;  that  kept  back  rang- 
ing from  $50  to  $100  per  ton,  while  much 
of  that  sent  away  runs  up  into  the  thous- 
ands. It  is  not  necessary  that  shipping 
ores  here  should  be  assorted  so  closely 
now  as  aforetime  to  admit  of  their  profita- 
ble transportation  to  market.  With  rail- 
road carriage  a  class  can  be  sent  off  with 
a  good  margin  for  gain  which  would  not 
have  paid  cost  of  hauling  on  wagons  over 
the  deserts.  -It  is  for  thisreason  thatfewer 
small  lots  of  extremely  rich  ores  make 
their  appearance  in  San  Francisco  now 
than  was  the  case  some  years  ago.  The 
owners  of  the  Sheba  will  put  up  a  first- 
class  mill  near  their  property  the  coming 
summer. 

There  are  a  number  of  other  claims  in  and 
about  Star  canon  upon  which  a  large 
amount  of  exploratory  work  has  been  done, 
and  some  of  which  promise  good  results 
in  the  future.  Upon  several  of  these,  op- 
erations, |for  a  long  time  suspended,  have 
been  renewed  since  the  Sheba  strike, 
and  Star  City,  now  nearly  deserted,  is 
likely  soon  to  become  a  stirring  camp  once" 
more. 

Rye  Patch  and  Oreana. 

The  mill  at  Bye  Patch,  burnt  down  last 
fall,  has  since  been  rebuilt,  and  is  now 
running  15  stamps,  having  capacity  for  5 
more,  hereafter  to  be  added.  The  destruc 
tion  of  the  old  mill  proved  a  great  detri- 
ment to  the  mining  interest  in  the  neigh- 
borhood, bringing  operations,  which  had 
become  quite  thrifty,  for  the  time  being  to 
a  stand  still.  With  the  starting  up  of  the 
new  works  business  has  revived  and  things 
again  look  cheerful  about  Bye  Patch. 

The  mill  and  smelting  works  at  Oreana, 
built  several  years  ago,  but  which  have 
never  as  yet  accomplished  much — halting 
now,  and  then  getting  on  with  a  hobbling 
gait — having  lately  passed  into  more  com- 
petent, or,  at  least  more  fortunate  hands, 
have  been  put  in  an  efficient  condition, 
and  are  likely  hereafter  to  fulfill  another 
purpose  than  that  of  drawing  drafts  on 
San  Francisco  to  keep  them  going.  Con- 
siderable shipments  of  bullion  are  now 
being  made,  which  the  proprietors  be- 
lieve they  can  keep  up  and  somewhat  in- 
crease. The  mill  is  run  chiefly  on  ores 
from  the  Montezuma,  Brazil,  and  other 
mines  in  the  Arabia  District,  close  at 
hand. 

In  and  About  Dun  Glen. 

Across  the  broad  valley  lying  east  of 
here,  towers  a  broken  and  timberless  range 
of  mountains.  Along  its  slopes  toward  the 
north  were  organized  several  mining  dis- 
tricts in  the  early  days.  The  mineral  in- 
dications abounding  there,  enticed  many 
silver  hunters  into  that  region.  They 
toiled  diligently  but  their  rewards  came 
slow,  or  more  often  failed  altogether.  Like 
the  buried  treasure  of  the  money  diggers, 
the  coveted  deposits,  though  apparently 
close  at  hand,  some  how  or  other,  always 
eluded  their  grasp.  And  thus  they  strug- 
gled on,  the  contest  being  long  and  of  du- 
bious issue.  One  set  of  prospectors  was 
succeeded  by  another,  the  country  now 
being  thronged  with  adventurers  and  again 
quite  deserted.  Glowing  reports  would 
emanate  from  that  quarter,  to  be  followed 
soon  after  by  others  equally  doleful.  The 
history  of  these  districts  brought  to  mind 
the  grim  stories  told  of  people  buried  in  a 
trance  and  afterwards  by  some  strange  ac- 
cident released  from  entombment.     This 


industry  seemed  to  be  laid  out  and,  as  we 
thought,  pretty  effectually  buried,  when 
next  would  be  heard  a  kicking  over  there, 
with  accounts  of  a  mining  spectre  stalking 
about.  If  what  we  see  now  is  really  a 
ghost,  it  is'  indeed  a  sturdy  one,  as  things 
have  a  decidedly  life-like  look  in  that  sec- 
tion atpresant. 

Paul    Process. 

At  Dun  Glen  a  mill  has  been  built,  and 
is  running  with  a  success  not  heretofore 
achieved  in  those  mountains,  the  favorable 
results  attained  being  largely  due  to  the 
employment  of  the  Paul  Electro  Amalga- 
mating Process,  which  is  accomplishing 
real  wonders.  Nothing  directed  to  effect- 
ing the  ends  especially  proposed  to  be 
secured  by  this  proeess — the  speedy,  thor- 
ough and  economical  separation  of  the 
precious  metals  from  base  combinations — 
has  yet  done  its  work  so  well.  As  this  in- 
vention is  particularly  well  suited  to  the 
treatment  of  Humboldt  ore,  is  portable 
and  inexpensive,  it  will  probably  soon  be 
introduced  into  general  use  in  this  region. 

The  principal  mines  now  being  worked 
in  and  about  Dun  Glen,  the  centre  of 
greatest  activity  in  the  East  Bange,  are  the 
Tallulah,  formerly  under  the  superintend- 
ence of  the  lamented  James  A.  Banks,  now 
extensively  opened  and  fast  developing 
into  a  valuable  property  ;  the  Lang  Syne, 
affording  ores  for  the  [new  mill,  the  Pea- 
body,  the  Cumberland,  and  a  few  others  of 
less  distinction. 

Central,  Winnemucca  and  Battle  Mountain  Distcs 
In  the  Central  District,  lying  seven 
miles  north  of  the  railroad,  opposite  Basp- 
berry  Station,  there  are  [some  twenty  or 
thirty  mines  working  away  quite  independ- 
ent of  capitalists  and  folk  of  that  ilk. 
These  men  mostly  own  in  the  claims  they 
are  prospecting  from  which  enough  ore  is 
extracted  in  process  of  development  to  de- 
fray all  expenses.  They  generally  explore 
their  lodes  by  means  of  shafts  carried  down 
in  the  vein-matter,  nearly  all  of  which 
affords  more  or  less  ore.  Selecting  from 
this  ore  a  small  portion  of  the  best,  it  is 
sent  over  the  railroad  to  Beno  and  San 
Francisco  for  sale,  netting  them  from  three 
to  five  hundred  dollars  per  ton.  There  is 
talk  of  a  mill  going  up  on  the  river,  near 
these  mines,  in  the  spring. 

In  Winnemucca  District,  occupying  the 
southerly  face  of  a  high,  isolated  moun- 
tain, ten  miles  east  of  Central  District, 
there  is  about  the  same  amount  of  popula- 
tion as  in  the  latter,  the  miners  conducting 
affairs  much  after  the  same  style  in  both. 
There  is  a  five-stamp  mill  here,  the  capaci- 
ty of  which  is  soon  to  be  doubled,  with  a 
roasting  furnace  or  a  Paul  Amalgamator 
added,  the  ores  in  this  section,  a  mixture 
of  sulphides,  chlorides  and  galena  with 
often  a  sprinkling  of  free  gold  superadded, 
rendering  some  Buch  course  of  treatment 
necessary. 

In  the  Galena  and  Battle  Mountain  Dis- 
tricts, situate  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
county,  mining  is  prosperous;  large  quan- 
tities of  argentiferous  galena  and  copper 
ore,  with  a  considerable  amount  of  silver 
bullion,  silver-lead,  bars,  being  shipped 
from  that  neighborhood  continually.  In 
the  Pueblo  District,  lying  in  the  ex- 
treme northwestern  corner  and  also  in  va- 
rious other  parts  of  the  county,  mining 
for  silver  and  copper  is  being  prosecuted, 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  and  with  results 
not  in  the  main  differing  much  from  those 
above  mentioned;  a  glance  over  the  whole 
country  showing  this  pursuit  to  be  not 
only  moderately  progressive  but  growing 
all  the  while  more  self-reliant  and  self-sus- 
taining.       

A  Luoky  Mineb. — We  take  this  item 
from  the  Virginia  Enterprise  of  February 
8th:  A  miner  who  was  at  work  in  the 
drift  on  the  1,400-foot  level  of  the  Savage 
mine  when  pay  ore  was  struck  got  on  the 
surface  before  the  men  working  in  the 
drift  were  corralled,  and  using  what  money 
he  himself  had  and  what  he  could  borrow, 
bought  sufficient  stock  in  the  mine  to  clear 
him  $10,000,  when  he  'sold  out.  He  has 
not  been  back  to  the  mine  since. 

Some  of  the  merchants  of  New  York  city 
are  of  the  opinion  that  more  than  $3,000,- 
000  worth  of  lace  are  annually  smuggled 
into  that  port,  and  that  the  contraband 
diamonds  and  other  precious  stones  which 
arrive  there  without  detection  defraud  the 
Cnstom  House  of  $4,000,000  or  $5,000,000 
a  year.  Smuggling  is  so  lucrative  a  trade 
that  scores  of  families  are  supported  hand- 
somely by  its  proceeds. 

Theee  are  eight  pin  factories  in  the 
United  States,  the  annual  production  of 
which  is  2,000,000  packs,  each  pack  con- 
taining 3,360  pins— a  total  of  $6,720,000,- 
000  pins.  About  sixteen  times  this  quan- 
tity is  manufactured  in  England. 


February  24,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


115 


'echanical   $?rogress. 


Mechanical  and  Engineering  Progress. 

The  past  year  has  been  especially  dis- 
tinguished for  advances  in  mechanical  and 
civil  engineering.  Among  the  inventions 
which  deserve  special  mention,  none  per- 
haps rank  higher  in  importance,  simplic- 
ity, and  novelty  than  the  nse  of  tho  "sand 
blast"  for  cutting  hard  substances.  New 
applications  of  electricity  to  regulating 
largo,  and  actuating  small  machinos  have 
been  mado.  Tho  inventive  genius  of  tho 
country  has  also  been  largely  exercised 
in  the  problom  of  canal-boat  propulsion, 
stimulated  by  the  offer  of  a  large  reward 
by  the  New  York  Legislature.  The  in- 
creased use  of  artificial  stone  for  various 
purposes  of  building  and  ornament,  is 
also  a  notable  event  of  the  year. 

In  civil  engineering  many  important 
works  already  commenced  have  been 
making  improved  progress,  and  new  pro- 
jects have  been  seriously  proposed,  tho 
accomplishment  of  which  would  scarcely 
have  been  ontertained  a  few  years  ago. 
The  mode  of  attack  npon  the  obstructions 
to  navigation  at  Hell  Gate,  near  New  York, 
has  been  entirely  changed  since  the  suc- 
cessful operation  of  Von  Schmidt  in  this 
harbor,  and  the  most  confident  anticipa- 
tions are  entertained  of  complete  success 
in  the  tunnel  operations  now  in  progress 
there. 

The  inauguration  of  the  Mt.  Cenis  Tun- 
nel, which  took  place  in  September  last, 
forms  an  important  era  in  engineering 
progress,  and  has  brought  about  a  more 
favorable  consideration  of  tho  similar 
work  now  in  progress  in  the  Hoosac  Moun- 
tains in  Western  Massachusetts. 

Tho  bridges  over  East  river  at  New  York, 
and  the  Mississippi,  at  St.  Louis,  are  justly 
regarded  as  among  the  most  important  en- 
gineering projects,  now  in  process  of  com- 
pletion. Both  are  making  most  satisfac- 
tory progress,  and  each  presents  novel 
and  interesting  features  in  civil  engineer- 
ing. 

Our  own  State  has  already  become 
widely  and  most  favorably  known 
for  the  novelty  and  boldness  of  its 
engineering  projects,  both  completed 
and  in  contemplation;  and  the  genius 
and  success  of  California  inventors  is  no 
less  noted  and  marked,  than  are  the  efforts 
of  her  engineers  in  their  peculiar  and 
more  conspicuous  field. 

Notwithstanding  the  wonderful  progress 
of  the  few  years  last  passed,  the  field  of 
mechanical  progress  seems  even  more  in- 
viting than  ever  in  wants  and  possibili- 
ties, while  the  activity  of  the  year  just 
closed  gives  good  ground  for  the  oonfident 
anticipation  that  the  one  upon  which  we 
have  just  entered  will  not  fall  behind  any 
of  its  predecessors  in  important  results. 

A  Knot  Tying  Machine— Mr  A.  Perry, 
of  Perth  Amboy,  New  Jersey,  has  patented 
a  device,  which  ties  a  square  knot  precisely 
like  that  made  by  hand.  Those  who  have 
had  any  experience  with  self-binding  mow- 
ing machines  will  at  once  understand  the 
value  of  this  invention,  which,  so  far  as 
we  know,  is  the  only  one  which  accom- 
plishes the  feat.  It  will  tie  the  strings 
around  the  sheaves  as  they  are  made  by 
the  reaping  machine,  and  thus  enable  the 
farmer  to  dispense  with  the  expense  of  one 
man  and  relieve  the  team  of  his  weight. 
The  nearest  approach  previously  made  to 
accomplishing  tying  by  machinery  con- 
sisted, we  believe,  in  twisting  the  ends  of 
the  string  or  wire  together  or  tucking 
them  under  the  band.  A  reaping  machine 
may  now  be  made  to  deliver  sheaves  tied 
up,  which  will  require  as  little  attention 
as  the  mowing-machine — all  the  work  be- 
ing performed  by  the  machine  itself. — 
Manufacturer  and  Builder. 

Phosphokds  Bronze — A  New  Metal  foe 
Drilling  Tools. — A  lengthened  and  ex- 
haustive series  of  experiments  with  a  new 
alloy  called  phosphorus  bronze,  which  is 
formed  by  a  combination  of  phosphorus 
with  different  proportions  of  tin  and  cop- 
per, have  proved  that  it  is  admirably 
adapted  to  resisting  the  concussion  and 
strain  incident  to  heavy  ordnance,  and 
also  to  the  manufacture  of  machinery  sub- 
jected to  excessive  strain  or  violent  shocks. 
Among  the  numerous  purposes  to  which 
it  may  be  applied  is  that  of  drilling  tools. 
The  alloy  may  also  be  tempered  so  as  to 
resist  the  action  of  the  file.  It  is  claimed 
to  possess  elasticity,  hardness,  tenacity, 
and  durability,  far  superior  to  that  of 
the  best  steel. 


Bridge  Building. 

In  no  branch  of  engineering  has  more 
progress  been  mode,  within  the  last  fifty 
years,  than  in  bridge  building.  Bridges 
are  one  of  the  necessities  of  civilization, 
and  so  important  were  they  considered  in 
the  "middle  ages"  that  a  religous  society 
was  founded  in  the  the  south  of  Europe, 
called  "The  Brethren  of  the  Bridge,"  the 
object  of  which  was  to  promote  intercom- 
munication by  constructing  bridges  over 
largo  streams,  and  establishing  ferries 
whore  bridgos  wero  impracticable  The  fa- 
mous bridge  at  Avegnon.in  France,  which 
was  12  years  in  building,  was  constructed 
under  tho  direction  of  this  institution, 
about  the  yoar  1180.  The  bridge  of  Lyons 
which  rested  on  20  arches,  was  also  built 
by  them,  and  in  fact  nearly  all  the  princi- 
pal bridges  of  Europe  for  several  hundred 
years. 

The  earliost  bridge  of  note,  mentioned 
in  history,  was  that  built  by  Queen  Nito- 
cris  over  tho  Euphrates  at  Babylon.  Its 
length  was  about  3,500  feet.  It  was 
built  upon  piers— the  aroh  being  thon 
unknown.  From  that  time  to  the  present, 
bridge  building  has  been  considered  one 
of  the  most  important  arts,  and  successful 
constructors  have  ever  beon  especially  hon- 
ored. 

The  most  wonderful  among  modern 
bridgos,  already  completed  or  now  in  pro- 
gress, may  be  alluded  to  as  follows:  The 
bridge  now  in  process  of  erection  across 
the  Mississippi  at  St.  Louis,  which  is  one 
of  the  wonders  of  the  age,  is  to  be  a  tubu- 
lar, cast  steel,  arch  bridge,  supported  by 
the  abutment  and  two  piers,  the  latter  515 
feet  apart,  and  499  ft.  each  from  its  nearest 
abutment,  making  three  spans  of  about 
500  feet  each.  Its  greatest  span  is  the  same 
as  that  of  the  Knllenberg  bridge  over  the 
Leek,  an  arm  of  tho  Bhine,  in  Holland. 

Telford's  suspension  bridge  across  the 
Menai  Straits  has  a  span  of  570  feet. 

Tho  Victoria  tubular  iron  bridge  of 
Montreal  exceeds  this  greatly  in  length, 
being  5,600  feet  (\\i  miles),  but  it  rests 
upon  twenty-four  piers,  and  its  spans  are 
mainly  only  275  feet. 

The  suspension  bridge  at  Niagara  spans 
821  feet,  and  is  245  feet  above  the  ,water. 

The  East  Biver  bridge  will  span  1,600 
feet,  at  a  hight  midway  of  130  feet. 

The  peculiarly  isolated  position  of  San 
Francisco,  must  at  no  very  remote  period, 
call  imperatively  for  the  construction  of  a 
bridge,  which  will  rank  among  the  most 
wonderful  structures  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.  A  bridge  across  the  flats  to  Alameda, 
presents  no  engineering  difficulties;  but  al- 
though such  a  structure  will  become  a 
matter  of  necessity,  at  no  very  distant  day 
it  will  come  far  short  of  meeting  the  wants 
of  the  future  metropolis  of  the  Pacific. 
The  individual  is  or  soon  will  be  born 
who  will  be  called  upon  to  construct  a 
track  for  the  locomotive  across  the  Golden 
Gate,  and  high  above  the  masts  of  the  tall- 
est ship,  to  form  a  pathway  for  tho  im- 
mense commerce  which  will  ere  long  be 
seeking  this  city  from  the  immense  region 
of  country  between  here  and  Alaska. 

Novel  Method  of  Warming  Hallway 
Caks. — The  introduction  of  a  new  method 
for  warming  railway  cars  on  some  of  the 
French  and  German  lines,  has  been  at 
tended  with  gratifying  success.  A  prepa- 
ration of  wood  charcoal,  nitrate  of  potash 
and  starch  is  employed.  At  first  the  char- 
coal was  burnt  in  perforated  boxes  two 
feet  long,  four  and  one-half  incheB  wide, 
and  two  and  three-fourths  inches  deep. 
It  was  soon  found,  however,  that  this  com- 
bustion caused  violent  headaches,  and  the 
charcoal  was,  therefore,  put  into  close  iron 
boxes  placed  under  the  seats,  a  double  top 
being  employed  to  prevent  the  seats  of  the 
cars  from  besoming  too  warm.  The  pre- 
pared charcoal  is  placed  in  the  boxes  in 
pieces  four  inches  long,  three  inches  wide, 
and  two  inches  thick.  On  the  line  between 
Aix-la-Chapelle  and  Berlin,  eight  pieces  of 
charcoal  were  used  for  heating  a  compart- 
ment. This  quantity  sufficiently  warmed 
the  car  during  sixteen  hours,  and  at  the 
end  of  the  journey  the  fuel  was  still  red 
hot.  This  prepared  charcoal  costs  thirty- 
two  shillings  per  hundred,  and  the  expense 
of  heating  one  compartment  is  said  to  be 
much  less  than  that  required  by  any  of  the 
ordinary  methods  employed,  being  less 
than  a  penny  an  hour. 

Heavy  Hydraulic  Machinery.— At  the 
Empire  Foundry,  in  Marysville,  they  are 
manufacturing  some  hydraulic  machinery 
that  will  stand  a  pressure  of  504  feet  fall. 
The  Appeal  remarks  that  this  is  the  heav- 
iest pressure  for  which  machinery  was 
ever  made. 


scientific  Progress. 


Facts  with  Regard  to  Storms. 

A  vast  amount  of  information  is  c< 
stantly  being  gathered  and  collated  by  the 
U.  S.  Signal  Service,  out  of  which  is  be- 
ing gradually  built  up  tho  true  science  of 
that  class  of  meteorological  phenomena. 
Among  the  general  observations  thus  far 
noted,  moy  be  mentioned  the  following: — 

Storms  are  accompanied  with  a  depres- 
sion of  the  barometer  near  the  central  line 
of  the  storm,  and  a  rise  of  tho  barometer 
in  tho  front  and  rear. 

This  central  line  of  minimum  pressure 
is  generally  of  a  great  length  from  north 
to  south,  and  moves  side  foremost  toward 
the  cost. 

This  line  is  somotimes  nearly  straight, 
but  generally  curved,  and  most  frequently 
with  its  convex  side  toward  the  east. 

Tho  velocity  of  this  line  is  such  that  it 
travels  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Con- 
necticut river  in  about  twenty-four  hours, 
and  from  the  Connecticut  to  St.  John ,  New- 
foundland, in  nearly  the  same  time,  or 
about  thirty-six  miles  an  hour. 

When  the  barometer  falls  suddenly  in 
the  western  part  of  New  England,  it  rises 
at  the  same  time  in  the  valley  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  also  at  St.  John,  ,New 
Foundland. 

In  great  storms  the  wind  for  several 
hundred  miles  on  both  sides  of  the  line  of 
minimum  pressure  blows  toward  that  line 
directly  or  obliquely. 

The  force  of  the  wind  is  in  proportion 
to  the  suddenness  and  greatness  of  the 
depression  of  the  barometer. 

In  all  great  and  sudden  depressions  of 
the  barometer  there  is  much  rain  or  snow; 
and  in  all  sudden  great  rains  or  snows 
there  is  a  great  depression  of  the  barome- 
ter near  the  center  of  the  storm,  and  rise 
beyond  its  borders. 

Many  storms  are  of  great  and  unknown 
length  from  north  to  south,  reaching  be- 
yond our  observers  on  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico and  on  the  northern  lakes,  while  their 
east  and  west  diameter  is  comparatively 
small.  The  storms  therefore  move  side 
foremost. 

Most  storms  commence  in  the  "far  west," 
beyond  our  most  western  observers,  but 
some  commence  in  the  United  States. 

When  a  storm  commences  in  the  United 
States  the  line  of  minimum  pressure  does 
not  come  from  the  "  far  west,"  but  com- 
mences with  the  storm,  and  travels  with  it 
toward  the  eastward. 

There  is  generally  a  lull  of  wind  at  the 
line  of  minimum  pressure,  and  sometimes 
a  calm. 

When  this  line  jot  minimum  pressure 
passes  an  observer  toward  the  east,  the 
wind  generally  soon  changes  to  the  west, 
and  the  barometer  begins  to  rise. 

There  is  generally  but  little  wind  near 
the  line  of  maximum  pressure,  and  on 
each  side  of  that  line  the  winds  are  irreg- 
ular, but  tend  outward  from  that  line. 

The  fluctuations  of  the  barometer  are 
generally  greater  in  the  northern  than  in 
the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States. 

The  fluctuations  of  the  barometer  are 
generally  greater  in  the  eastern  than  in  the 
western  part  of  the  United  States. 

In  the  northern  parts  of  the  United 
States  the  wind  generally  in  great  storms 
sets  in  from  the  north  of  east  and  termi- 
nates from  the  north  of  west. 

In  the  southern  parts  of  the  United 
States  tho  wind  generally  sets  in  from  the 
south  of  east  and  terminates  from  the 
south  of  west. 

During  the  passage  of  storms  the  wind 
generally  changes  from  the  eastward  to 
the  westward  by  the  south,  especielly  in 
the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States. 

The  northern  part  of  the  storm  generally 
travels  more  rapidly  toward  the  east  than 
the  southern  part. 

During  the  high  barometer  of  the  day 
preceding  the  storm  it  is  generally  clear 
and  mild  in  temperature,  especially  if  very 
cold. 

The  temperature  generally  falls  sud- 
denly on  the  passage  of  the  center  of  great 
storms,  so  that  sometimes,  when  a  storm 
is  in  the  middle  of  the  United  States,  the 
lowest  temperature  of  the  month  will  be  in 
the  west  on  the  same  day  that  the  highest 
temperature  is  in  the  east. 

The  first  of  the  principles  upon  which 
the  Signal  Corps  proceeds  is  that  the  in- 
variable course  of  air  currents  is  such  as 
will  equalize  the  atmospheric  pressure 
npon  the  earth'B  surface,  and  that  wher- 
ever inequalities  exist,  the  winds  are  set 
in  motion,  the  air  thus  finding  its  level, 
just  as  water  or  any  other  visible  fluid 
does. 


A  Volcano  in  Miniature. 

Dr.  F.  V.  Hochstetter  furnishes  an  in- 
torestiug  account  of  a  phenomenon  occur- 
ring during  one  of  the  phases  of  a  manu- 
facturing operation,  which  is,  he  says,  a 
complete  duplicate,  upon  a  miniature 
scale,  of  a  volcanic  eruption,  and  which 
serves  at  the  same  time  to  confirm  the 
modern  views  concerning  the  process  of 
an  eruption ;  according  to  which  the  lava 
is  not  simply  in  a  molten  condition,  but  is 
reduced  to  the  state  of  liquidity  by  the 
action  of  the  superheated  water-vapor 
under  great  pressure. 

The  phenomenon  referred  to  occurs  in 
the  operation  of  separating  the  sulphur 
from  the  residual  products  obtained  in  the 
manufacture  of  soda  by  Leblano's  process. 
The  sulphur  obtained  from  these  residues, 
in  order  to  free  it  from  the  gypsum,  or 
sulphate  of  lime  mixed  with  it,  is  melted 
in  a  suitable  apparatus,  with  steam  under 
a  pressure  of  from  2  to  3  atmospheres. 
The  gypsum  remains  suspended  in  the 
water,  and  tue  fused  sulphur  is  from  time 
to  time  run  off  into  wooden  troughs,  tho 
temperature  of  the  fluid  mass  being  about 
251-6°  F.  Almost  instantly  after  the  pouring 
a  crust  of  solid  sulphur  is  formed  on  the 
surface  of  the  mass.  Dotted  over  this  sur- 
face, however,  orifices  are  left,  from 
which  the  liquid  beneath  is  forced  up.  At 
invervals  a  jet  of  sulphur  bubbles  out,  and 
cooling,  forms  around  the  orifice  a  slight 
prominence;  the  repeated  eruptions  ac- 
cumulate material  about  it,  until  a 
miniature  volcanic  cone  is  formed,  with 
its  crater  well  defined. 

The  cause  of  this  curious  phenomenon 
is  found  in  the  fact  that  the  sulphur,  in  its 
fused  condition  in  the  steam-chamber, 
takes  up  and  retains  a  certain  quantity  of 
water,  which,  as  the  sulphur  solidifies,  is 
given  out  gradually  in  the  form  of  steam, 
accumulating  pressure  beneath  the  crust, 
and  forces,  at  regular  intervals,  an  outlet 
at  the  vents,  carrying  with  it  in  its  passage 
the  molten  sulphur  to  form  the  solid  cone. 
— Neues  Jahrbtwhfur  Mineralogie. 

Hight  and  Velocity  of  Meteors. 

A  table  showing  the  hight  of  sixteen 
shooting  stars  doubly  observed  in  Eng- 
land, during  the  meteoric  shower  of 
August,  1870,  independently  of  the  careful 
observations  recorded  at  the  Greenwich 
Observatory,  appears  in  the  last  report  of 
the  British  Association  of  Science.  A  com- 
parison of  the  observations  made  at  Green- 
wich on  that  occasion  with  those  recorded 
in  other  stations  enables  the  paths  of  thir- 
teen meteors,  ten  of  which  are  new  to  the 
former  list,  to  be  determined;  the  bights 
and  velocities  of  the  meteors  thus  identi- 
fied are  presonted  in  this  report.  The  re- 
sult shows  that  the  average  hight  of  six- 
teen meteors,  referred  to  in  the  last  report, 
was  seventy-two  miles  at  first  appearance, 
and  forty-eight  miles  at  disappearance ;  of 
thirteen  meteors  given  in  the  present  list, 
seventy-two  miles  at  first  appearance,  and 
fifty-four  at  disappearance;  of  twenty  me- 
teors observed  in  August,  1863,  eighty-two 
miles  at  first  appearance,  and  fifty-eight  at 
disappearance.  Thus  it  appears  that  the 
present  average  hights  are  somewhat  less 
than  those  observed  in  1863;  but  they 
agree  more  closely  with  the  general 
average  hight  at  first  appearance,  viz.: 
seventy  miles,  and  that  at  disappearance, 
viz. :  fifty-four  miles.  The  average  veloci- 
ty of  the  Perseids  relative  to  the  earth, 
observed  in  1863,  was  thirty -four  miles  per 
second,  and  that  of  the  three  Perseids  to 
the  present  list  was  thirty-seven  miles  per 
second;  while  the  velocity  obtained  from 
the  cosmical  theory  was  thirty-eight  miles 
per  second. 


A  New  Experiment  in  Gas. — A  patent 
gas  company  has  just  been  formed  in  Eng- 
land, with  a  cipatal  of  $250,000  in  $5 
shares,  which  proposes  to  distil  gas  at  a 
low  temperature  instead  of  a  high  one,  as 
on  the  present  system.  By  this  means  it 
is  possible  to  use  iron  retorts  instead  of 
retorts  of  clay,  at  a  great  saving  of  ex- 
pense, while  the  gas  produced  from  the 
same  coal  is  30  per  cent,  more  in  quantity 
than  the  gas  produced  by  previous  meth- 
ods, and  the  remaining  products  are  also 
more  valuable.  There  is  said  to  be  little 
or  no  sulphur  in  this  new  and  cheaper 
gas. 

Such  is  the  account  of  this  invention 
which  has  been  privately  making  way,  the 
latest  facts  coming  out  regarding  it  being 
that  a  French  company  has  bought  the 
privilege  of  using  the  patent  in  France 
for  $500,000,  and  that  "works  are  being 
erected  for  lighting  the  town  of  Barnet, 
England,  with  gas  at  an  earlier  date,  which 
will  supply  an  experiment  on  the  largest 
scale. 


116 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


[February  24,  1872. 


iiNiNG  Summary. 


The  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
Journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Mt.  Bullion. — Monitor  Miner,  Feb.  10: 
This  tunnel,  upon  which  work  has  for  some 
time  suspended,  has  been  cleaned  out,  and 
work  will  be  resumed  so  soon  as  the  air 
will  permit. 

The  furnace  for  chloridizing  ores  at  the 
Monitor  mill,  after  several  unsuccessful 
trials,  has  again  started  up  and  is  a  perfect 
success. 

Eich  Ore  is  said  to  have  been  already 
struck  in  the  Acacia  tunnel  up  Scandinavian 
canon. 

Globe  Mine. — Alpine  Chronicle,  Feb.  10: 
Fifty-four  ft.  were  run  last  month,  by  one 
shift,  and  last  week  some  good  ore,  re- 
sembling that  of  the  Tarshish,  was  struck. 
The  hoisting  works  will  be  started  up  and 
work  resumed  on  the  shaft  so  soon  as  funds 
now  on  the  way  arrive. 

Exchequer. — Last  week  another  body  of 
good  ore  was  struck. 

Ruby  Silver  has  at  several  times  been 
found  in  the  different  mines  upon  the 
Tarshish  lode  and  yesterday  we  were 
shown  some  from  the  deepest  point  and  one 
farthest  west  of  any  reached  therein. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Encouraging.  —  Amador  Ledge)-,  Feb. 
17:  From  preparations  being  made  to  com- 
mence work  in  the  spring  on  a  number  of 
partially  prospected  quartz  ledges,  we  may 
expect  not  only  an  increase  of  business 
but  the  employment  of  large  additional 
capital.  From  our  mines  throughout  the 
county  we  hear  the  most  encouraging  ac- 
counts. Our  developed  quartz  lodes  never 
looked  more  promising,  or  yielded  fairer 
returns  on  capital  invested,  and  every- 
thing bids  fair  to  stamp  1872  as  a  pros- 
perous year  to  the  quartz  interests  of  the 
county. 

State  of  Maine  Mine. — This  mine  is 
near  the  Mokeluinne  river,  about  four 
miles  southeast  of  Jackson.  The  main 
shaft  is  down  50  ft.  with  a  contract  for 
sinking  100  ft.  further.  The  company 
intend  to  erect  a  substantial  mill  and  ma- 
chinery necessary  for  workingthe  mine,  to 
be  driven  by  water  power.  The  ledge  in 
the  shaft  is  full  3  ft.  and  increases  in 
width,  the  deeper  it  is  sunk  upon;  the 
quartz  taken  out  in  sinking  has  been  thor  - 
oughly  tested  by  arasta  and  mill  process, 
and  the  entire  rock  between  the  walls 
without  grading,  has  averaged  $16  per 
ton.  The  mill  will  be  erected  near  the 
main  shaft. 

Marklee  Mine. — This  mine  is  about  4 
miles  northeast  of  Volcano.  At  300  ft. 
the  ledge  was  4  ft.  in  thickness,  with  the 
rock  well  charged  with  gold  and  sulphu- 
rets.  The  shaft  is  down  400  ft.  at  which 
depth  the  ledge  has  increased  to  10  ft.,  and 
the  entire  body  of  rock  will  yield  over  $15 
per  ton  by  mill  process. 

Amador  City. — Cor.  same:  The  Key- 
stone is  pounding  away,  the  rock  being  as 
rich  as  ever.  Last  month  their  "clean  up" 
amounted  to  over  $60,000. 

The  Original  Amador   Mill  has  not,  as 
yet,  started  up,  but    the   carpenters    are 
busy,  and  the  whole  work  is  fast  approach- 
ing completion. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Garnet  Gravel  Claim. — Calaveras  Cit- 
izen, Feb.  10:  Garnet  claim  in  this  place 
is  a  perfect  success.  They  are  working  18 
men  and  cleaned  up  45  oz.  of  gold  in  11 
days  run.  They  netted  $250  over  expen- 
ses. 

Angels. — Cor.  same:  The  Angels  M. 
Co.  are  developing  their  lead  by  taking 
rock  from  the  500-ft.  level.  They  are 
also  taking  pay  rock  from  the  winze  in  the 
400-ft  level.  The  main  shaft  is  617  ft 
deep.     The  employes  number  60  in  all. 

The  Stickles  mine,  which  is  supplied 
with  steam  hoisting  works,  will  have  their 
shaft  timbered  next  week.  This  shaft  is 
225  ft.  deep,  and  they  contemplate  sink- 
ing it  down  to  the  300.  ft  level  immedi- 
ately.   This  mine  employs  about  20  men. 

The  California  M.  Co.  are  tunneling  the 
hill  south  of  Angel's  creek.  This  tunnel 
extends  150  ft.  into  the  hill,  with  flattering 
prospects  of  "  striking  the  lead,"  which  is 
thought  to  be  a  continuation  of  the  one  in 
the  Stickles  mine. 

Mattison  is  taking  out  rich  rock  from 
the  street,  directly  in  front  of  his  shop. 

Other  Cos.  are  prospecting  with  good 
success. 

Good  Rock — Calaveras  Chronicle,  Feb. 
17:  Mine  .Bonded. — Dr.  Hepburn  re- 
cently made  an  assay  of  some  quartz  from 
he  mine  of  Sheriff  Thorn,  near  San  An- 


dreas. The  rock  showed  very  rich,  yield- 
ing at  the  rate  of  $133  per  ton.  A  shaft 
has  been  sunk  on  the  lead  150  ft.,  devel- 
oping a  well  defined  ledge  5  ft.  in  width. 
The  prospects  that  the  mine  is  a  perma- 
nent and  valuable  one  are  very  flattering. 
We  learn  that  it  has  been  bonded  to  some 
parties  for  60  days,  for  $80,000.  In  the 
meantime  a  level  will  be  run  from  the  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft  which  will  probably  re- 
sult in  still  more  favorable  developments. 

EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Diamond  Springs.— -Placerville  Republi- 
can, Feb.  15:  A  few  days  since  we  saw 
some  specimens  of  quartz  taken  out  of  a 
ledge  in  Diamond  Springs  dist.  The 
richest  specimen  was  nearly  one  half  gold, 
and  the  poorest  would  go  about  $50  to  the 
ton. 

Georgetown. — Cor.  same:  At  Green- 
wood, Nagle  and  others  have  taken  out 
over  half  a  million  from  one  claim.  They 
mine  the  entire  hill  from  summit  to  base, 
it  all  being  equally  rich.  Whiteside, 
Stone,  "Watson,  and  others,  have  reaped  an 
equally  golden  harvest.  Capt.  Blaisdell, 
and  2  other  Cos.  from  San  Jose,  are  open- 
ing some  claims  on  the  ridge,  and  have 
some  very  flattering  prospects.  The  only 
serious  drawback  is  the  scaroity  of  water, 
for  prospecting  purposes. 

There  is  but  one  ditch  bringing  water 
on  this  divide,  and  that  carries  but  a  lim- 
ited supply. 

The  quartz  miners  are  busy  opening  up 
new  ledges,  and  working  their  claims. 

The  owners  of  the  St.  Lawrence  mine 
have  lately  put  up  a  mill  on  their  mine  at 
an  expense  of  over  $50,000.  The  mine  has> 
been  fully  developed;  they  have  a  very 
deep  shaft  sunk  on  their  ledge.  Its  width 
is  from  4  to  6  ft,  and  every  pound  of 
quartz  contains  gold. 

The  Eureka  mine  has  a  very  good  mill 
upon  it. 

Green  "Valley. — Placerville  Democrat, 
Feb.  17:  The  claim  of  Lutz,  Chambers  & 
Co.,  was  robbed  on  Friday  of  last  week. 
They  had  been  ground-sluicing  for  about 
3  months  and  had  intended  cleaning  bed- 
rock in  a  few  days.  The  Co.  put  their 
loss  at  from  $800  to  $1,000.    No  clue. 

Logtown. — The  Pocahontas  mill  closed, 
but  it  will  remain  idle  only  a  short  time. 
The  new  shaft  is  to  a  depth  of  340  ft.  The 
drift  north  from  this  shaft  is  now  250  ft. 
and  verging  on  a  chimney  of  good  ore. 

INYO  COUNTY. 

Strike. — Inyo  Independent,  Feb.  10  : 
A  magnificent  body  of  ore  has  been  struck 
on  a  cross  lode  in  the  Omega  tunnel,  150 
ft.  below  the  level  of  the  tunnel,  and  450 
ft.  from  the  surface.  This  cross  lode  is 
about  20  ft.  in  width,  mostly  hard  ore  run- 
ning near  $200  per  ton.  The  indications 
are  very  favorable  for  a  big  strike  in  the 
main  tunnel. 

MARIPOSA  COUNTY. 

Francis  Mine. — Mariposa  Gazette,  Feb. 
16:  The  Co.  intend  erecting  a  60-stamp 
mill  during  the  season.  The  prospects  of 
the  mine  are  very  encouraging. 

In  Luck. — A  Frenchman  picked  up  a 
piece  of  gold  at  Mormon  Bar,  on  Sunday 
last,  which  weighed  68  ozs. 

NEVADA    COUNTY. 

The  Gold  Yield.— Grass  Valley  Re- 
publican, Feb.  16:  From  the  best  sources 
of  information  we  can  obtain,  the  yield  of 
gold  in  Nevada  county  for  the  past  2  years 
has  been  $5,000,000  per  annum. 

Brick. — We  saw  a  brick  on  the  10th 
inst.  at  A.  Delano's  banking  house  worth 
$6,500,  the  result  of  a  recent  clean  up  at 
the  Empire  mine. 

Sluices  Robbed. — The  gravel  claims  of 
P.  Donovan,  at  Allison  Ranch,  or  rather 
the  sluice  boxes  in  his  claims,  were  cleaned 
up  and  the  boxes  demolished  on  Wednes- 
day night,  the  14th  inst. 

Location.  —  McCook,  Sanf ord  &  Co. 
have  located  2,100  ft.  on  a  quartz  ledge  on 
Independence  Hill,  near  Deadman's  Flat. 

BloometeTiD. — Nevada  Transcript,  Feb. 
13:  The  North  Bloomfield  G.  M.  Co.  is 
carrying  on  extensive  operations.  The 
ditch  from  Big  Canon  Creek  is  running  to 
its  full  capacity,  3,000  inches  of  water. 
The  Co.  employ  35  men  and  is  running 
night  and  day. 

Brockmeyer  &  Hanner  have  just  com- 
menced washing  iu  their  claims  at  Colo- 
rado Hill.     They  have  good  prospects. 

Location. — TheSligo  M.  Co.  haslocated 
1,700  ft.  on  the  Wasson  ledge,  commenc- 
ing at  the  northwest  end  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Co.'s  claim,  in  Nevada  township. 

Nevada  Quartz  Mine. — The  incline  is 
down  125  ft.  and  is  12  to  14  ft.  between 
the  walls  of  the  ledge.  The  rock  is  rich 
in  sulphurets  and  gold. 
Providence  Mine.— National  Gazette,  Feb. 
17:  This  mine  is  progressing  finely.  A 
contract  for  sinking  the  incline  80  ft.,  has 
been  let  and  sinking  is  going  on  night  and 


day.  The  incline  is  down  about  140  ft., 
and  with  the  additional  80  that  is  being 
sunk  will  make  the  depth  220  ft.  The 
ledge  is  about  3  ft.  in  width  and  looks 
splendidly.  Machinery  for  hoisting  works 
are  on  the  ground,  and  the  works  are  being 
erected  rapidly. 

Bunker  Hill  Mine. — A  ledge  of  15  ft. 
in  width  has  shown  itself,  and  the  further 
they  sink  the  wider  the  ledge  becomes. 
On  Thursday  the  mill  started  up  again. 
About  50  men  are  employed  in  mine  and 
mill. 

Home  Co.'s  Mine — The  Home  Co.'s 
mine,  at  the  mouth  of  Woods  Ravine,  lying 
idle  for  some  time,  will  start  up  on  the 
first  of  March. 

Tremont  Mine.— The  Tremont  is  on 
Deer  Creek,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from 
Nevada  City.  There  are  3  tunnels  run  on 
the  ledge,  the  lower  one  being  about  6  ft. 
above  high  water  mark  of  Deer  Creek. 
This  tunnel  is  being  opened  by  contract, 
and  will  be  completed  in  about  two  weeks. 

PLACER  county- 
Rich  Strike. — Auburn  Herald,  Feb.  17: 
On  Monday,  T.  P.  Harrison  opened  a 
quartz  ledge  some  2  miles  west  of  here, 
which  is  astonishingly  rich  in  free  coarse 
gold.  The  ledge  is  on  a  high,  bold,  rocky 
ridge — the  first  ridge  north  of  the  old 
Union  quartz  mill.  On  Tuesday  Mr.  Har- 
rison showed  us  4  or  5  pounds  of  the 
quartz,  which  was  full  of  coarse,  bright, 
pure  gold,  amounting  to  fully  $8  or  $10  to 
the  Jb.  He  had  out  then  about  one  ton, 
all  showing  very  rich  in  free  gold. 

Good.— J.  Barron  has  taken  out  during 
the  past  month  from  the  old  Barron  &  Co.'s 
claims,  $421  in  gold.  This  was  done  by 
one  man,  from  rock  near  the  surface  and 
only  a  hand  mortar  to  crush  the  rock  in. 
The  Co.  have  1,000  ft.  of  the  ledge,  which 
is  from  2  to  3  ft.  thick,  with  slate  forma- 
tion on  the  east  and  granite  on  the  west, 
and  is  well  and  clearly  defined. 

Rich  Clean  Up — The  Bellevue  mine  has 
commenced  crushing  ore  from  the  dump, 
at  the  St.  Patrick  mill.  The  first  3  day's 
run,  15-stamp  mill,  cleaned  up  800  ozs.  of 
amalgam,  worth  $6  per  oz.,  or  $4,800  in 
gold.  There  were  not  to  exceed  60  tons  of 
ore  crushed,  which  would  bring  the  yield 
tip  to  $80  per  ton.  The  Co.  have  on  their 
dump  pile  some  500  tons  of  ore,  which  it 
is  claimed,  will  not  on  an  average  yield 
lesB  than  60  per  ton,  or  $30,000  for  the  lot. 

Eolipse  Mine. — The  owners  of  this 
mine  are  doing  good  work  and  getting 
good  pay.  The  Co.  have  out  some  90  tons 
of  quartz,  from  the  90  ft.  level,  which  will 
yield  well.  Mr.  Patterson  has  leased  the 
old  St.  Lawrence  mill,  and  has  commenced 
hauling  this  rock  to  it  to  be  crushed,  in- 
tending to  save  the  sulphurets,  which  are 
abundant  and  rich. 

Peter  Walter  Mine. — This  mine  has 
opened  into  an  extremely  rich  body  of  ore 
on  the  east  drift  of  the  bottom  level. 

Dutch  Flat. — Cor.  same:  All  the  min- 
ing Cos.  commenced  washing  about  one 
week  ago,  and  some  have  cleand  up,  with 
very  favorable  results. 

The  Summit  Co.,  on  Plug  Ugly  Hill, 
cleaned  up  between  $4,000  and  $5,000,  the 
reBult  of  25  days'  washing. 

Columbus  Co.,  on  Grass  Hill,  also  had 
a  very  good  clean  up — between  $2,000  and 
$3,000— after  a  run  of  24  days. 

The  Wahkeegan  Hydraulic  Co.  had  a 
clean  up  but  I  cannot  say  with  what  suc- 
cess. 

Palentag  Co.  cleaned  up  from  $1,000  to 
$1,200,  and  have  a  good  prospect  to  do 
better  next  run. 

The  True  Blue  Co.,  on  Elmore  hill, 
near  Alta,  have  had  2 cleanups  this  season, 
with  good  results. 

The  D.  F.  B.  G.  Co.  are  hard  at  work 
laying  the  pipes  from  the  Yuba  ditch  to 
their  diggings. 

PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Rumor.— Quincy  National,  Feb.  10:  We 
are  informed  that  the  Crescent  mills  prop- 
erty has  passed  into  the  hands  of  an 
English  Co.,  and  that  an  agent  is  expected 
soon,  to  commence  work  on  the  mine. 

SIERRA   COUNTY. 

Change.  —  Downieville  Messenger,  Feb. 
10:  Wm.  Manson  has  been  elected  Sup't. 
of  the  Highland  &  Masonic  M.  Co.,  at 
Alleghany. 

TRINITY  COUNTY. 

Douglas  City. — Cor.  Weaverville  Jour- 
nal, Feb.  10:  Marsh  &  Green,  at  Point  Bar, 
cleaned  up  $171.50  for  12  days'  run,  two 
men  working. 

Marcus  Bennett  made  a  partial  clean 
up  in  his  claim  on  Red  Point,  above  Point 
Bar,  and  took  out  11  ounces  for  10  days' 
run,  no  bed-rock  being  cleaned.  Par- 
ties who  have  visited  this  claim  say  the 
bed-rock  is  literally  covered  with  gold 
dust. 


Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Luoin.— Cor.  Elko  Independent,Feb.  17: 
During  the  past  2  weeks  a  new  impetus 
has  been  'given  to  mining  operations  in 
this  dist.  Several  Cos.  who  had  suspend- 
ed operations  have  again  resumed,  and  a 
number  of  new  Cos.  have  commenced 
work  with  flattering  prospects.  Work  on 
the  Lucy  Emma  mine  was  resumed  a  few 
days  since,  and  it  is  yielding  very  rich  ore. 
From  the  Hamburg  mine  good  paying  ore 
is  being  hoisted.  The  shaft  is  down  about 
40  ft.  but  at  that  depth  it  shows  well.  The 
Overland  is  being  prospected  in  a  thorough 
manner  with  every  indication  of  soon  de- 
veloping a  rich  body  of  ore.  The  Big 
Emma,  after  changing  hands  several  times, 
has  fallen  into  the  possession  of  Mr.  Ban- 
field,  and  he  is  prosecuting  work  upon  the 
same  with  energy. 

Yesterday  the  keys  of  the  Tecoma  mine 
were  delivered  to  the  original  owners,  the 
Independent  Co. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Eureka  Con. — Eureka  Sentinel,  Feb.  11: 
The  bullion  flows  freely  from  4  furnaces, 
the  5th  one  remaining  idle  as  a  reserve; 
20  tons  of  bullion  per  day  is  the  average 
yield. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion,— Ely  Record,  Feb.  11:  W.  F. 
has  shipped  since  Feb.  8th  bullion  valued 
at  $60,098.92. 

Bowery  Mill. — The  grading  is  all  done 
and  the  rock  work  finished  in  fine  style. 
The  machinery  has  all  arrived  and  work 
has  commenced.  Mr.  Heyck  the  builder, 
thinks  that  the  mill  will  be  ready  to  run 
by  the  1st  of  March. 

Mocking  Bird. — This  claim  is  on  the 
side  of  the  mountain  about  1,000  ft.  east 
of  the  Silver  Peak  shaft.  The  ledge  is 
large  and  well  defined  on  the  surface,  and 
can  be  traced  for  several  hundred  feet. 

Emperor  is  the  name  of  a  recent  loca- 
tion on  the  west  side  of  the  Meadow  Val- 
ley road,  about  midway  between  the 
Bowery  and  Alps  mines.  The  shaft  is 
down  35  ft.  showing  walls  of  a  fair  charac- 
ter, and  ledge  matter  containing  oxideB  of 
lead,  and  traces  of  silver. 

Page  and  Panaoa. — The  whim  is  com- 
pleted at  the  main  shaft.  Work  has  been 
commenced — timbering  the  shaft  in  a  sub- 
stantial manner  from  top  to  bottom.  As 
soon  as  the  shaft  and  works  are  timbered 
throughout,  the  main  shaft  will  be  sunk 
100  ft.  deeper,  and  cross  drifts  run  from 
the  200-ft.  level  to  the  ledges.  The  ledge 
in  the  shaft  at  the  152-ft.  level  is  5  ft.  wide, 
and  shows  bunches  of  good  ore.  The 
south  drift,  at  a  point  140  ft.  south  of  the 
main  shaft,  cuts  a  ledge  that  is  11  ft.  wide 
and  well  defined,  with  perfect  walls,  and 
carrying  good  ore. 

Pea  Vine. — This  claim  is  on  the  Bowery 
ledge,  just  west  of  the  Lehigh  mine.  The 
ledge  was  struck  in  this  claim  last  fall.  A 
shaft  was  sunk  40  ft..,  showing  all  the  way 
down  a  well  defined  vein  over  18  inches 
wide  that  will  assay  $215  to  the  ton.  The 
ledge  has  been  opened  at  3  or  4  points  for 
a  distance  of  300  ft.  in  length,  showing  it 
to  be  genuine. 

Vandalia. — A  large  ledge  of  fair  ore 
was  struck  in  the  cross  cut  on  the  9th  inst. 
The  claim  is  northwest  of  the  Silver  Peak 
and  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Bowery  Point. 

Hahn  and  Hunt  Co.— The  Supt.  has 
gone  below  to  make  arrangements  for  put- 
ting up  the  necessary  buildings  and  im- 
provements to  work  the  mine  to  advantage. 
A  full  force  of  men  will  be  placed  at  work 
on  the  1st  of  March.  The  ledge  is  about 
3  ft.  wide,  of  solid  ore  of  a  high  grade. 
Present  developments  show  over  600  tons 
of  fine  ore,  with  every  indication  of  an 
immense  mass  clear  through  the  mine. 

Vulture. — This    is    a    recent    location 
about  400  ft.  northwest  from  the  Bowery. 
At  a  depth  of  5  ft.  a  body  of  fine  ore  was 
struck,  which  promises  well. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Unionvtlle. — Cor.  Humboldt  Register, 
Feb.  10:  The  Arizona  Cons,  is  being  well 
developed  and  looks  better  every  day.  A 
few  days  since,  a  vein  5%  ft.  in  thickness 
was  found,  and  proved  to  be  of  rich  black 
sulphuret  ore,  3%  ft.  of  which  contains 
good  milling  ore,  and  considerable  of  the 
remainder  is  high  grade  shipping  ore. 
There  is  a  drift  at  present  being  run  north 
from  the  shaft,  at  a  point  120  ft.  down, 
which  also  shows  a  rich  vein  of  5  ft.  in 
thickness  and  equals  anythiug  ever  taken 
out  of  this  mine.  The  incline  which  is 
down  160  ft.  also  shows  very  promising. 
The  Eclipse  mine  is  not  doing  much  work, 
inconsequence  of  the  late  snow  storm.  In 
the  course  of  2  or  3  weeks  they  will  again 
commence  operations,  and  by  Aug.  next, 
they  will  have  their  mill  built.  For  some- 
time past  they  have  been  driving  ahead  the 
wrong  way  in  search  of  the  ledge,  and 
finally  struck  out  iu  a  northerly  direc  ti  on 


February  24,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


117 


and  struck  on  a  rich  vein  of  black  sul- 
phtiret  ore,  about  3  or  4  ft.  in  thickness. 
The  Inskeep  and  Henuing  are  looking 
well,  and  have  a  vein  which  varies  from 
1Y,  to  5  ft.  in  thickness.  The  ore  assays 
about  $70  per  ton.  Operations  on  these 
mines  still  continue. 

It  is  rumored  that  J.  C.  Fall  k  Co.  are 
about  to  erect  a  310,000  quartz  mill  at  Star 
Oily. 

REESERIVER. 

Pbobpbotdig  PaBTY.  —  Reese  River 
Iiereitle,  Feb.  16:  Niok  liarovich  and  Ben 
Troxel  start  iu  a  few  days  on  a  prospecting 
tour  to  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Sil- 
ver Peak. 

Will  Start  Up.— The  Manhattan  mill 
will  resume  operations  to-morrow. 
WASHOE. 

ueh  Bullion.— Yirgina  Enterprise, 
Feb.  16:  We  yesterday  saw  at  the  Bank 
of  California  18  bars  1,231  lbs  and  worth 
$49,47&29. 

BvtBO  Tunnel. — On  the  11th  inst.  the 
Tunnel  was  iu  2,720  ft.  Ground  hard— no 
water  at  the  face  of  tho  tunnel.  Shaft  No. 
1  down  93  ft. ;  ground  good.  No.  2  down 
150  ft.  in  favorable  ground — some  water. 
No.  3  down  90  ft.,  ground  hard  and  dry. 
No.  4  down  U2  ft.,  and  the  ground  is  hard 
and  very  wet.  On  the  1 2th  a  great  body 
of  water  was  tapped  in  shaft  No.  4. 

Crown  Point. — Last  week  the  amount 
of  ore  extracted  and  shipped  to  mills  was 
Ij.'j")  tons,  valued  at  £32,143.60. 

Late  accounts  from  the  Savage  are  to  the 
effect  that  the  new  development  is  not 
looking  as  well  as  at  first. 

Ym  lh  Mill. — The  damages  to  the  dam 
and  race  of  the  Vivian  mill,  on  Carson 
river,  by  the  winter  floods,  are  boing  re- 
paired, and  the  mill  will  be  able  to  start 
into  operation  again  at  an  early  date. 

The  Yellow  Jacket  mill,  Carson  river,  is 
being  thoroughly  overhauled  and  will  start 
up  the  first  of  next  month  as  good  as 
new. 

The  majority  of  our  reduction  works  are 
in  full  blast  with  plenty  of  ore  and  an 
abundance  of  water. 

Belcher. — During  the  last  month,  8,- 
000  tons  of  ore  were  sent  to  mill,  valued 
at  $410,000.  The  mine  continues  looking 
and  yielding  splendidly. 

Started  Up. — Gold  Hill  News,  Feb.  14: 
The  first  of  the  2  powerful  hoisting  en- 
gines at  the  Crown  Point  works,  having 
been  put  in  working  position,  was  started 
on  Tuesday.  It  works  splendidly.  The 
other  one  will  also  be  put  in  position  as 
soon  as  possible. 

Items. — The  stopes  and  north  wiuze  at 
the  1,100-ft.  level  of  the  Belcher  are  look- 
ing and  yielding  splendidly,  car  samples 
assaying  about  $80  per  ton;  pulp  assays 
average  $68.  The  average  assays  from  the 
drift  and  east  cross-cut  at  the  1,200-ft. 
level  of  the  Crown  Point  are  from  §50 
to  $260  per  ton  and  from  the  winze  at  the 
900-ft.  level,  $30.  The  Chollar  Potosi  is 
yielding  about  150  tons  of  ore  per  day,  and 
$50  per  ton  is  about  the  average  assay  of 
car  samples.  The  Hale  and  Norcross 
yields  about  125  tons  per  day. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Eberhardt. — White  Pine  News,  Feb.  10: 
There  is  a  shift  of  men  engaged  cleaning 
out  the  Keystone  tunnel. 

Ward  Beecher. — The  winze  to  connect 
with  the  Lady's  chamber  shows  a  fine  body 
of  ore. 

Noonday. — Breasting  out  with  a  force 
of  5  men. 

East  Sheboygan. — Working  a  force  of 
10  men,  in  the  southeast  drift,  Exchange 
Incline,  and  Regent  drift.  The  Exchange 
Incline  and  Regent  drift  are  now  con- 
nected. There  is  a  rumor  that  400  ft.  of 
the  Co's.  ground  was  jumped  a  few  days 
ago. 

Asbury  Tunnel. — Work  in  the  tunnel 
and  side  drifts  go  ahead  as  usual.  The 
indications  for  a  strike  of  mineral  are  more 
favorable  than  when  last  reported. 

Shafer. — The  shaft  is  down  197  ft., 
and  shows  ledge  matter  from  bottom  to 
top. 

Edgab. — Arrangements  will  be  made  for 
extensive  operations. 

Copper  Glance. — A  force  of  2  men  is 
employed  sinking  the  main  north  shaft. 

Silver  Wave. — The  new  shaft  is  down 
35  ft.,  and  shows  a  fine  body  of  fair  mill- 
ing ore.  Work  in  the  different  shafts  pro- 
gressing as  usual. 

San  Juan  del  Rio.— There  is  a  fine  body 
of  ore  in  sight.  The  Sup't.  will  com- 
mence shipping  ore  to  mill  soon. 

North  Aurora.— The  south  drift  from  tho 
Lady's  chamber  has  improved  in  body  and 
grade  since  we  last  visited  the  mine. 

South  Aurora. — Drifting  back  to  the 
spar  seam  to  the  Mitchell  shaft.  A 
contract  is  let  to  drift  east  from  the  main 
tunnel. 

Gen.   Lee. — The    drift    from    the   spar 


seam  is  going  ahead  as  usual  and  showing 
a  body  of  ore  3  ft.  in  width. 

Outside  Districts  —  Robinson.  —  The 
shaft  on  the  Osborne  is  down  60  ft.  The 
level  from  the  bottom  of  tho  shaft  is  i  n 
70  ft.,  showing  a  fine  body  of  oxide  of  cop- 
per. The  Hays,  Brooks,  Emma,  and  Silver 
Star,  show  copper,  silver  glance,  and 
milling  ore.  The  Old  English  and  other 
prominent  mines  are  looking  well. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining. — Presoott  Miner, 
Feb,  8:  For  the  present,  A.  Rush  has  sus- 
pended  operations  at  People's  Valley.  The 
Vulture,  Tiger,  Lorena,  Del  Pasco, Ben- 
jamin and  other  Companies  are  working 
away. 

Final  Mines. — Tucson  Citizen,  Feb.  3: 
Work  on  the  Silver  Queen  is  going  on; 
ledge  seven  ft.  wide  and  solid  mineral. 

Idaho. 

Bullion. — Silver  City  Avalanche,  Feb. 
10:  W.  F.  k  Co.  shipped  from  here  this 
week  6  bars  valued  at  $15,066.53. 

South  Mountain— Cor.  same:  E.  C. 
Hardy,  of  Boise  City,  is  about  to  bond,  or 
has  bonded  the  extension  of  the  Mono. 
Ben.  Cook  has  resumed  work  on  the  Bay 
State,  whioh  shows  a  solid  mass  of  very 
rich  galena  5  ft.  in  thickness,  traced  a  dis- 
tance of  100  ft.  E.  B.  Johnson  has  made 
arrangements  to  begin  work  on  the  Mam- 
moth next  week.  The  May  Queen  shaft  is 
down  26  ft.  and  the  ore  looks  fine.  Has- 
tings k  Co.  are  running  a  tunnel  to  tap  the 
Hastings  ledge  25  ft.  below  the  surface. 
They  are  iu  30  ft.  and  expect  to  tap  the 
ledge  in  5  ft.  more.  The  Polar  Star  has 
increased  from  the  thickness  of  a  knife 
blade  to  3  ft.  and  that  at  a  depth  of  10  ft. 
with  very  rich  ore.  The  Co.  have  start- 
ed a  tunnel  in  the  gulch  to  tap  the  vein  30 
ft.  below  the  surface. 

Montana. 

Clancy  Creek. — Helena  Gazette,  Feb.  5: 
Out  of  the  El  Dorado,  the  Co.  are  taking  7 
tons  of  galena  every  24  hours,  and  will 
soon  have  their  mine  in  shape  to  take  out 
double  that  amount.  On  account  of  bad 
weather  the  Minnesota  mine  has  closed, 
but  will  start  up  again  as  soon  as  the 
weather  moderates.  Halford  &  Co.,  Dr. 
Brook  k  Co.,  and  Parker  k  Wood  are  at 
work  running  tunnels  to  their  respective 
lodes. 

There  are  several  parties  running 
tunnels,  and  all  think  they  have  a  "dead 
thing"  on  a  good  lode. 

Beartown. — Deer  Lodge  Independent, 
Feb.  10:  Some  30  men  are  working  and 
taking  out  money.  About  10  Cos.  are  at 
work  on  the  lower  gulch  taking  out  pay 
dirt. 

Prospectors. — A  party  of  prospectors 
are  going  out  the  coming  week  to  prospect 
the  tributary  of  Mill  Creek,  heading  in  the 
direction  of  French  gulch. 

Utah. 

Camp  Floyd. — The  Queen  of  the  West, 
Sparrow  Hawk,  Silver  Cloud  and  a  num- 
ber of  others  have  alarge  amount  of  valua- 
ble ore  in  their  shafts.  There  are  some  250 
men  at  work  in  the  Dist.  for  good  wages. 
The  mill  being  erected  by  the  Sparrow 
Hawk  Co.  will  be  completed  within  the 
next  6  weeks. 

Little  Cottonwood. — Work  continues 
in  several  of  the  mines  and  some  miners 
are  trying  to  develop  their  claims,  notwith- 
standing the  inclemency  of  the  weather, 
and  are  making  rich  discoveries.  A.  Ja- 
cobson  brought  into  Alta  yesterday,  a  very 
rich  and  large  specimen,  weighing  140  lbs., 
taken  from  the  "Matilda,"  near  the  Daven- 
port. 

Ttntic. — More  recent  mining  discoveries 
are  reported  in  this  Dist. ,  assaying  very 
favorable  and  showing  large  deposits. 

A  party  just  in  from  West  Tintic,  where 
they  have  been  sinking  on  the  Noon  lode, 
are  quite  elated.  They  claim  to  have  a 
strong,  clearly  defined  vein  of  good  mill- 
ing quartz,  6  ft.  in  width. 

Columbia  Dist. — Gold  Eagle  is  lying 
idle,  but  the  Co.  intend  to  commence  work 
next  week  with  2  shifts. 

Chimney  Corner,  on  Montezuma  Hill,  is 
proving  itself  one  of  the  best  mines  in  the 
Dist.  Holmes  k  Gillham  have  run  their 
tunnel  50  ft.,  following  their  ledge  from 
the  surface,  and  now  from  the  face  of  the 
tunnel,  or  incline,  more  properly  (for  it 
has  pitched  to  the  south  about  4  ft.  in  run- 
ning the  50)  it  is  about  45  ft.,  vertically. 
The  ledge  is  3%  or  4  ft.  wide  and  is  pitch- 
ing to  the  south  very  rapidly.  The  ore  is 
very  soft  and  porous,  being  carbonates  of 
rich  character,  with  the  exception  of  3  or 
4  inches  of  galena  which  lies  next  to  the 
hanging  wall.  The  hanging  wall  is  smooth 
and  true,  not  varying  3  inches  in  the  whole 
length  of  the  tunnel. 

The  Washington  is  being  worked  and 
prospects"  finely  at  a  depth  of  25  f t. ,  show- 


ing the  width  of  the  whole  shaft  The  ore 
in  this  mine  is  improving  as  depth  is  at- 
tained. 

Domingo,  on  the  same  hill  and  east  of 
the  Washington,  is  down  1?  ft.  on  an  in- 
cline and  looks  very  promising. 

Liberals,  still  further  to  the  east,  are  in 
on  their  tunnel  20  ft.,  showing  good  ore 
but  the  ledge  is  still  broken. 

Prospectors  are  begining  to  come  in. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board. 

San  Fhaxcisco,  February  22,  1872. 

There  was  no  session  of  the  Stock  Board  to- 
day, it  being  the  anniversary  of  Washington'* 
Birthday.  The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  past 
few  weeks  have  been  larger  than  ever  before 
since  its  organization.  The  sales  for  the  week 
ending  Jan.  24,  were  $4,540,200;  week  ending 
Jan.  31,  $4,208,000;  week  ending  Feb.  8,  $8,040,- 
000;  week  ending  Feb.  15,  $7,C82,000,  making  a 
total  of  $24,407,300.  The  Bulktin  says  that 
the  total  amount  of  sales  for  1870  was  only 
151,186,000  and  in  1871,  3127,888,000.  The 
magnitude  of  these  sales  is  apparent  by  the 
latter  figures  and  the  amount  of  sales  this  year 
may  approximate  $175,000,000.  On  Friday  the 
sales  were  moderate  and  prices  weak  for  most 
kinds  of  Btock.  On  Saturday  they  were  a  trifle 
higher. 

The  Page  k  Panaca  S.  M.  Co.  have  elected 
the  following  Trustees:  H.  Mayer  (President) 
S.  Steinhart,  N.  C.  Fassett,  A.  H.  Rutherford, 
Geo.  D.  Roberts  and  H.  Schwartz.  L.  Kaplan 
is  Secretary. 

The  Superintendent  of  the  Daney  mine  writes 
that  the  drifts  contain  seams  of  fair  ore.  Dur- 
ing the  past  week  500  tons  of  ore  were  taken 
from  the  Belcher,  averaging  by  assay  $55  per 
ton;  bullion  shipped,  $120,655. 

The  Justice  M.  Co.  have  elected  as  trustees: 
G.  W.  Beaver  (President)  R.  F.  Morrou,  I.  N. 
Thome,  T.  H.  Williams.  G.  W.  Wegener 
was  continued  as  Secretary. 

The  Eureka  mine  cleaned  up  last  week  310 
ounces  of  amalgam  from  180  tons  of  ore.  The 
bullion  shipment  from  the  Raymond  k  Ely  was 
$26,464,  and  from  the  Piermont  mine  $8,000. 
Some  996  tons  of  ore  were  taken  from  the  Sav- 
age mine ;  970  tons  from  the  Hale  Norcross,  and 
150  tons  from  the  North  Star.  Stocks  were 
rather  active  again  on  Tuesday,  but  prices 
were  weak.  About  740  tons  of  ore  from  the 
Crown  Point  last  week  yielded  $41,000.  The 
clean  up  of  the  Golden  Chariot  mill  on  the  16th 
amounted  to  about  $6,000.  On  the  17th,  $2,500 
were  sent  down  from  the  Original  Hidden  Treas 
ure  mine,  and  on  the  19th,  $2,200  from  the 
Buckeye. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  .Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Feb.  15.    Uightnt.   Loiccst.    Feb.  21.  Ado.  Dec 


I27;a 

38 

26 

35 

7« 

_ 

630 

630 

620 

620 

10 

•    4« 

4JC 

'% 

#4 



66 

68 

60 

68 

!2 

Caledonia  

.  10 

lOtf 

Vi 

9 

1 

Cons.  Virginia.. 

42 

46 

40 

44 

2 

2« 

2 

■IK 

a 



Eureka  Cons... 

ViH 

27 

241i 

Wt 



lBli 

18K 

18Jf 

16 

16,^ 

2 

IS 

16 

Gould  4  Curry. 

217K 

230 

185 

227M 

10 

Golden  Chariot. 

.  I2>4 

W.i 

11K 

ax 

Kale  &  Norcroee 

.245 

260 

230 

MS 

10 

.  86 

120 

80 

115 

29 

— 

12M 

KX 

15« 

242'  i 
.     65o 

250 
70o 

230 
60c 

70c 

5c 

_ 

Meadow  Valley 

.  17 

19 

Wi 

19 

2 

— 

11 

11 

9.'4 

Ophir 

105 

107  M 

92 

107!£ 

2>. 

— 

Orig.  Hid.  Treat 

.    8 

Sii 

m 

8 

.60 

64 

55 

63« 

3« 

.  11 

13!j 

11 

U!i 

1M 

Raymond  &  Ely.  139 

141 

130 

141 

2 

— 

.230 

252!,' 
28,'i 

170 

250 

20 

Sierra  Nevada.. 

.  23 

21 

27 

4 

.  6 

Vi 

5 

7 

1 

wash.  £  Creole. 

.    5 

6M 

4« 

fAf 

IK 



Yellow  Jacket. 

.74 

77 

70 

76;$ 

3)s 

St.  Patrick 

24 

24 

23 

Seg.  Belcher. . . 

.  68 

68 

H',i 

58.'4 

—  " 

9» 

Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 

BID.  ASKED. 

.  34 

34  \i 

Ida  Elmore 

9« 

10 

280 

110 

112 

.  620 

620 

Ken 

;uck... 

232 '•£ 

235 

Ohollar-Potosi.. 

62« 

65 

Meadow  Valley.. 

17^ 

IK 

Crown  Point 

740 

Opl 

00 

llll 

2'4 

•IV, 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas 

253j 

le-V 

2SH 
17 

Ove 
Say 

60^ 
237 

239 

U'i 

12 

34 

135 

GoQld  <fc  Curry. 

213 

217 

Sierra  Nevada... 

26 

26 

Hale  4  Norcross 

245 

245     Yellow  Jacket..." 

4« 

76 

Sodium  for  Blasting. — The  application 
of  sodium  for  the  purpose  of  blasting  is 
made  as  follows:  Two  glass  bulbs  50  cubic 
centimeters  capacity  are  blown  with  a  neck 
of  glass  between  them;  one  bulb  is  filled 
with  sodium  and  the  other  with  water,  and 
between  the  two  is  fused  a  soluble  salt. 
The  length  of  time  required  to  dissolve 
the  salt  can  be  ascertained  by  experiment, 
and  the  connecting  tube  be  made  so  as  not 
to  have  the  charge  fired  prematurely.  The 
bulbs,  with  the  sodium  below,  are  let  down 
into  the  drill  hole,  the  water  gradually 
dissolves  up  the  salt,  and  thus  comes  into 
contact  with  the  metal,  and  the  explosion 
follows. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  In  the  8CD2N- 
TD71C  Pbess  and  other  San  Francisco  Journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
NAVE.  LOCATION.  AMOUNT  i>D  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  ASSF-SSMINT  DELINOCKNT.      OF  BAUt. 

Alhambra  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Dec9.50c.Jan.  IS— Feb.  .:• 
Backerc  G  *S.  M.  Co..  Nov..  Jan.  9.11. Feb.  13.  Marl4 
CaledontaS  M.  Co..  Nev..  Fib.  1.  $4.  ...Mar.8— Mar.  29 
Daney  G.  &  S.  M.  00.,  Nev.,  Feb.  1.  65c. Mar.  4— Mar.  25 
Emerald  Hill  M.  Co.,  OX,  Jan  11.  45c— Feb.  19,  Mar.  14 
Empire  M  i  M.  Oo.,  Nov.,  Jut.  5.  $  10.  ..Feb.  8—  Feb.  26 

G.il.l.-ii  Age  &  Empire  M  .Co.  Feb.  9.  $1.50.  Ma*.  12— Apr.3 

Ocrald  k  Carry,  Nev.,  Jan   3u.  SIS Mar.  4— April  26 

Golden  Chariot,  I.  T..  Jan.   .11— $2  60.  Mar.  9,  Mar  30 

Ida  Ellmore.  Idaho.  Dec.  30  $3.00 Jan.  31— March  4 

Imperial  s.  If.  Oo.,  Nev  .  Jan.  6, 110 Feb.  8,  Feb,  26 

Kenhifk.  Nov..  Jan.  20.  $10 Feb  24— Mar  18. 

KineaidFlat  M.  Co..  Cal.. Feb.  14, S3.. Mar.  18— April  8* 
l.-iuM)  M.  fc  M.  Oo.,  Nev..  Jan.  0.  60c. .FVb.  10— March  9 
Mahogany  G.A-S.M.  Co.  I.T.Jan.  26.  SI.  SI)  Mar. 6— Mar,  23 
Mina  Klca  M.  Co..  Col..  Jan.  10,  20c. Feb.  IB— Harsh  11« 
Nevada  L.  and  M.  Co..  Nov..  Jim.  :>  1.  flab.  18— Mar.  I" 
Noonday  S.M.Co.  White  Pine,  Eeb.l.20c.Mar.  5— Mar.  25 

Overman.  Nov..  Feb.  22.  $4 Feb.  22— Mar.  11. 

Phomll.Ncv..  Jan. 18,  75c Feb.  22— Mar.  13. 

Pierni'.nt  M.  i  M.  CO..N..  .Inn  211.  Sflc.-Mar.  1.  Mar.23» 
Quail  Hill  M.fcW.  Co.,  Cal.  Feh.15.S5, Mar. 28— April  16* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cul..  Jan.  19,  Sl.Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Silver  Wave.  Nev.,  Jan.  30.  $1 Feb.  26—  Mar.  19. • 

South  Chariot  M.  Co..  I.  T..  Feb.  8,  $1.  ..Mar.  9— April  1 
St.  Patrick M.  Co.  Placer  co.  Cal.  Feb.8.?4  Mar.13— Apr.2 
S.  Gulch  Gr.  M.  Co..Oal..  Feb  7,  $1.60. Mar  13— April 3* 
Succor.  M.  M.  Co..  G.  H..  Jan.  3,  SI. 50... Feb  6    Feb.  27 

TecumBeb.  Cal.,  Jan.  23.  $4 Fob.  27— Mar.  10. • 

Tallulah  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  Jan.  30.  SI Mar.  5— Mar.  26 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal..  Jan.  4.  $1,00 Feb.  5— Feb,  26* 

Wm.Penn.  Nev.  Jan.  16.  50c Fob.  10— Mar.  11.* 

Washington  k  Creole  M.  Co.  Feb.  10, 50c.  Mar.  15— Apr.ll 
MEETLNGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Central  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Feb.  28 

Chapman  M.  &  M.  Co Annual  MeetingMar.  11 

Daney  G.  &  S.  M.  Co., Annual  Meeting  Mar.  4 

Golden  Chariot  M.  C Annual  MeetingMar.  4 

Marcelind  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  4 

Redington  Quicksilver  Co Annual  Meeting  Feb.  26 

San  Francisco  T.  &  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Feb.  5 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  S15 Payable  Feb.  5 

Chollar  Potosi.  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $15 Payable  Feb.  12 

Eostport.  Goose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co. I  perct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  SI Payable  Jan.  6 

Keystone  M.  Co..  $3 Payable  Feb.  10 

Meadow  Valley.  $1.50 Payable  Deo.  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Fob.  10 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  Dec.  18 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co..  50c Payable  Dec.  6 

'Advertised  In  this  Journal. 


Leather  Market  Report 

[Corrected  weekly  by  DoUlver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  St.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday.  February  22. 1872. 

Sole  Leatheb.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather.  #  lb 26(329 

Santa  Cruz  Leather.  ®  ft 26@29 

Country  Leather,  ^  ft 2VS28 

The  market  is  well  Bupplied  with  French  stocks,  and 
prices  have  a  downward  tendency.  Heavy  California  skins 
are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8Kil..  perdoz  ..  .$66  OOa 

Jodot.  11  tol9Kil..perdoz 76  00®  95  00 

Jodot.  second  choice.  1 1  to  15  Kil.  1*  doz. 6(1  Oftol  80  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  19  Kil  .  ft  doz  95  0OV51 

Levin.  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  00*a  70  00 

Cornellian,  16  Kil..  per  doz 70  00® 

Cornellian.  12  to  14  Kil..  per  doz 60  00®  68  00 

OeorauOalf.  V  doz 54  00® 

Simon.  18  Kil., ft  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  ft  doz 68  00 

Simon.  21  Kil.  ft  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf.  7  and  8  Kil 35  00(3  40  00 

French  Kips,  ft  ft I'OB     130 

California  Kip,  ft  doz  65  00  to  80  00 

French  Slider,  all  colors,  ft  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  ft  ft  115(3    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ft  doz 8  00(3  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings. ft  doz 5  r1f$  10  .50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 175(3    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Lees,  ft  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 4  50@    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ft  ft 30(3    37'h 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  ft  doz 48  00(3  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ft  ft 34(at    37^ 

Welt  Loather.  ft  doz 30  00(5i  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot 17@        21 

War  Side  Leather,  ft  foot 18B       20 


Nothing    New— Telegraph    in     1817. 

The  old  adage  that  "there  is  nothing 
new  under  the  sun,"  is  again  verified  in 
the  case  of  the  electric  telegraph.  In  an 
old  work,  entitled  "  Arthur  Young's 
Travels,"  published  in  1793,  accurs  the 
following  account  of  what  was  clearly  an 
approximation  to  our  present  'system  of 
telegraphic  communication : 

"  In  the  evening  to  Mons.  Lomand's,  a 
very  ingenious  and  inventive  mechanic. 
In  electricity  he  has  made  a  remarkable 
discovery.  You  write  two  or  three  words'on 
a  paper;  he  takes  it  with  him  into  a  room, 
and  turns  a  machine  enclosed  in  a  cylin- 
drical 'case,  on  the  top  of  which  is  an 
electrometer,  a  small  fine  pith  ball.  A 
wire  conects  with  a  similar  cylinder  and 
electrometer  in  a  distant  apartment,  and 
his  wife,  by  remarking  the  corresponding 
motions  of  the  ball,  writes  down  the  words 
they  indicate,  from  which  it  appears  he  has 
formed  an  alphabet  of  motions.  As  the 
length  of  the  wire  makes  no  difference  in 
the  effect,  a  correspondence  might  be  car- 
ried on  at  any  distance  ;  within  and  with- 
out a  besieged  town,  for  instance,  or  for  a 
purpose  more  worthy  and  a  thousand  times 
more  harmless,  between  two  lovers  pre- 
vented from  any  better  connection.  What- 
ever the  use  may  be,  the  invention  is  beau- 
tiful.. 


There  are  eight  pin  factories  in  the 
United  States,  the  annual  production  of 
which  is  2,000,000  packs,  each  pack  con- 
taining 3,360  pins— a  total  of  $6,720,000,- 
000  pins.  About  sixteen  times  this  quan- 
tity is  manufactured  in  England. 


118 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  24,  1872. 


The  Hunt  &  Douglas  Process  for  the 
Extraction  of  Copper  from  its  Ores. 
— No.l. 

'Thig  new  process,  for  'which  Letters 
Patent  have  been  granted  in  the  United 
States,  Great  Britain,  Canada,  Newfound- 
land and  Chili  (besides  an  exclusive  privi- 
ledge  for  Bolivia)  may  be  understood  from 
the  specifications  of  the  British  Patent, 
here  given,  to  which  are  appended  notes 
and  explanations! 

Specification. 
For  the  extraction  of  copper  from  its 
ores  by  this  process  it  should  be  in  the 
state  of  an  oxyd  or  some  compound  thereof, 
as  oxychlorid  or  carbonate.  These  oxy- 
dized  forms  of  copper  are  decomposed 
under  proper  conditions  by  protochlorid 
of  iron  with  the  production  of  dichlorid  of 
copper,  which  is  soluble  in  certain  saline 
solutions,  and  in  some  cases  a  portion  of 
protochlorid  of  copper,  together  with  in- 
soluble peroxyd  of  iron,  and  more  or  less 
insoluble  oxychlorid  or  basic  persalt  of 
iron,  which  may  be  rendered  soluble  by 
the  action  of  sulphxirous  acid. 

The  naturally  or  artificially  oxydized 
ores  are  to  be  digested  with  a  watery  so- 
lution of  neutral  protochlorid  of  iron,  with 
or  without  the  addition  of  an  earthy  or 
alkaline  chlorid,  as  common  salt.  The 
neutral  protoohlorid  of  |iron  may  be  con- 
veniently prepared  by  double  decomposi- 
tion of  protosulphate  of  iron  with  an 
equivalent  of  chlorid  of  calcium  or  chlorid 
of  sodium.  In  preparing  the  solution, 
hereinafter  designated  as  the  bath,  we  may 
proceed  as  follows: 

One  hundred  and  twenty  (120)  pounds 
of  salt,  or  one  hundred  and  twelve  (112) 
pounds  of  dry  chlorid  of  calcium,  or  its 
equivalent  of  hydrated  chlorid,  are  to  be 
dissolved  with  two  hundred  and  eighty 
(280)  pounds  of  protosulphate  of  iron 
(green  copperas,)  in  one  hundred  (100) 
imperial  gallons  of  water.  In  place  of  the 
above  salts  we  may  substitute  an  amount 
of  protochlorid  of  iron  prepared  by  any 
other  method,  containing  fifty-six  (56) 
pounds  of  metallic  iron.  To  the  bath  pre- 
pared in  either  way,  two  hundred  (200) 
pounds  of  sea  salt  are  then  added,  when 
the  solution  is  ready  for  use,  and  will  be 
found  capable  of  chloridizing  and  dissolv- 
ing about  ninety  (90)  pounds  of  copper. 
The  power  of  brine  to  dissolve  the  dichlorid 
of  copper  formed  increases  greatly  with 
the  strength  and  temperature.  The  pro- 
portions above  given  are  convenient,  but 
in  the  case  of  poor  ores,  a  solution  of  one- 
half  the  strength  may  be  used  with  ad- 
vantage. 

In  the  treatment  of  copper  ores  by  this 
process,  they  may  be  divided  into  two 
classes,  non-sulphurretted  and  sulphuret- 
ted ores. 

The  first  class  or  non  sulphuretted  oxy- 
dised  ores,  includes  [the  native  oxyds  of 
copper,  the  carbonates  and  the  oxychlorid. 
To  prepare  these  for  treatment  they  should 
be  finely  pulverized,  and  the  carbonates 
may  with  advantage  be  gently  calcined  be- 
before  or  after  grinding,  in  order  to  expel 
carbonic  acid.  The  red  oxyd,  if  alone  or 
greatly  predominating,  should  also  be 
gently  calcined  after  grinding  to  convert 
it  into  protoxyd;  but  if  it  be  mixed  with 
a  considerable  proportion  of  protoxydized 
ore  this  is  not  necessary. 

The  pulverized  oxydized  ores  thus  pre- 
pared are  to  be  digested  in  the  above 
bath,  with  frequent  agitation.  Heat  is 
not  necessary,  but  it  accelerates  the  solu- 
tion of  the  oxyd  of  copper,  which  in  prac- 
tice should  not  be  more  than  sufficient  to 
yield  sixty  or  seventy  pounds  of  copper  to 
the  above  bath  of  one  hundred  gallons. 
When  the  solution  is  complete  and  the 
liquid  drawn  off,  the  insoluble  residue 
should  be  lixiviated  with  a  small  volume 
of  hot  strong  brine.  The  liquid  is  then 
digested  with  metallic  iron,  by  which  the 
copper  is  throw  down  as  cement  copper, 
two  parts  of  iron  yielding  three  parts  of 
matallic  copper. 

The  bath  thus  freed  from  copper  con- 
tains a  large  amount  of  regenerated  pro- 
tochlorid of  iron,  and  can  be  used  at  once 
to  treat  a  fresh  portion  of  oxydized  ore. 
A  small  loss  of  chlorine,  which  separates 
as  oxychlorid  of  iron,  has,  however,  to  be 
supplied  by  adding  to  the  bath,  from  time 
to  time,  protochlorid  of  iron  or  the  salts 
required  to  produce  it.  This  need  not , 
however,  exceed  for  each  repetition,  one- 
eighth  of  the  original  quantity,  and  by 
careful  exclusion  of  the  air  the  quantity 
to  be  added  each  time  may  be  reduced  to 
much  less.  The  strength  of  the  bath  in 
protochlorid  of  iron  should  be  determined 
from  time  to  time  by  appropriate  tests. 

In  localities  where  it  may  be  desirable 
to  economize   the  protochlorid  of  iron  a 


modification  of  the  process  may  be  adopted, 
which  consists  in  treating  with  sulphur- 
ous acid  the  iron-compounds  precipitated 
by  the  oxyd  of  copper.  To  this  end  sul- 
phurous acid  from  the  roasting  of  sul- 
phuretted ores,  or  from  any  other  source, 
may  be  made  to  pass  over  or  through  the 
bath  after  or  during  the  process  of  dis- 
solving the  oxyd  of  copper.  In  this  case 
the  protosalts  of  iron  are  constantly  re- 
generated, and  serve  to  chloridize  fresh 
portions  of  oxyd  of  copper.  A  small 
amount  of  protochlorid  of  iron,  with  the 
aid  of  sulphurous  acid,  may,  in  this  modi- 
fication, be  used  to  convert  a  large 
quantity  of  copper  into  dichlorid,  the  ex 
cess  of  which  is  precipitated,  and  may  be 
washed  out  with  hot  strong  brine,  As 
this  deposits  a  large  quantity  in  cooling, 
the  same  brine  may  be  employed  indefin- 
itely for  dissolvinig  dichlorid  by  heating 
and  cooling  it  each  time. 

The  solid  dichlorid  is  rapidly  reduced 
by  contact  with  metallic  iron,  especially 
when  wet  with  brine,  and  yields  metallic 
copper  and  protochlorid  of  iron,  one  part 
of  iron  giving  two  of  copper.  To  pre- 
vent any  precipitation  of  oxychlorid  of 
copper  from  the  dichlorid  solution  by  the 
air ,  it  is  well  in  all  cases  to  have  a  small 
portion  of  protosalt  of  iron  present.  A 
little  free  sulphurous  acid  will  alBO  pre- 
vent such  precipitation ;  but  any  excess  of 
this  gas  should  be  expelled  or  allowed  to 
escape  from  the  solution  before  adding 
metallic  iron. 

In  the  case  of  sulphuretted  ores,  the  first 
step  in  the  application  of  our  process  has 
for  its  object  to  convert  the  metal  into  an 
oxyd  soluble  in  the  bath  already  described. 
This  conversion  is  effected  by  calcination 
in  the  air,  by  which  means  all  copper, 
iron  and  sulphur  are  oxydized.  [Pyrit- 
ous  ores,  holding  much  iron  and  sulphur, 
may  be  roasted  in  kilns,  then  ground  and 
recalcined,  but  native  snlphurets  rich  in 
copper,  or  regulus,  should  be  ground  be- 
fore calcination,  which  is  best  done  in  a 
muffle  furnace.  ]  In  either  case  a  low  red 
heat  suffices,  and  what  is  called  a  dead 
roast  is  to  be  avoided,  not  only  because  it 
involves  a  waste  of  time  and  fuel,  but  be- 
cause the  high  temperature  renders  a  por- 
tion of  the  oxyd  of  copper  insoluble  in 
the  protochlorid  of  iron  bath.  The 
roasting  need  be  continued  only  until  the 
complete  oxydation  of  the  sulphuret  of 
copper,  and  its  conversion  into  a  mixture 
of  oxyd  with  a  variable  proportion  of  sul- 
phate of  copper.  This  product  may  be 
treated  directly  with  the  bath,  without  ad- 
dition, as  directed  for  non-sulphuretted 
ores,  but  the  excess  of  sulphates  thus  in- 
troduced renders  the  bath  impure,  and 
much  more  metallic  iron  is  required  for 
the  subsequent  precipitation  than  when 
the  whole  of  the  copper  is  in  the  form  of 
oxyd. 

We  therefore  prefer  to  proceed  as  fol- 
lows: We  determine  in  the  roasted  ore  the 
amount  of  copper  present  as  sulphate, 
which  will  vary  little  for  any  given  ore 
roasted  under  constant  conditions,  and 
we  add  thereto  an  equivalent  of  lime, 
which  gives  rise  to  insoluble  sulphate  of 
lime  and  oxyd  of  copper.  In  practice  it 
is  well  to  leave  undecomposed  a  small 
amount  of  sulphate  of  copper,  which,  in 
a  subsequent  stage  of  the  process,  will 
give  with  metallic  iron  the  sulphate  of 
iron  required  to  replace  the  small  loss  al- 
ready mentioned  as  occurring  when  sul- 
phurous acid  is  not  used.  To  an  ore,  for 
instance,  with  eight  per  cent,  of  copper, 
which  after  roasting  contains  three  per 
cent,  of  copper  as  oxyd,  and  five  per  cent, 
as  sulphate,  we  may  add  lime  enough  to 
decompose  four-fifths  of  the  latter  at 
the  rate  of  28.0  parts  of  pure  lime  for  31.7 
parts  of  copper,  or  about  an  equal  weight 
of  ordinary  non-magnesian  lime;  being 
four  pounds  of  finely  ground  lime  for 
each  one  hundred  pounds  of  the  above 
roasted  ore.  An  equivalent  quantity  of 
carbonate  of  lime,  or  other  alkaline  or 
earthy  base,  may  be  used  instead  of 
quick-lime,  but  with  less  advantage.  The 
roasted  ore  and  lime  may  be  added  to 
the  bath  together,  or  better,  the  ore  is  to 
be  added  first.  The  subsequent  part  of 
the  process  is  to  be  conducted  as  already 
described  for  the  ores  of  the  first  class. 
[To  be  continued.] 

The  recent  Swedish  and  German  expe- 
ditions to  the  Arctic  region,  and  their  con- 
firmation of  Dr.  Kane's  discovery  of  the 
open  polar  sea,  have  inclined  many  British 
geographers  to  favor  a  scheme  of  explora- 
tion by  way  of  Smith's  Sound,  and  some 
endeavors  are  being  made  to  induce  the 
Admirality  to  organize  a  new  expidition. 
The  excellent  influence  of  such  enterprises 
upon  the  naval  service,  is  urged  as  a  pow- 
erful argument  in  their  favor. 


California  Manufactures. 

We  have  received  a  pamphlet  possessing 
merit,  entitled  "  An  Essay  on  the  Manufactur- 
ing Interests  of  California,  the  Causes  that  im- 
pede and  those  that  would  aid  in  their  develop- 
ment." By  W.  a.  Morris,  TJ.  S.  Marshal,  and 
H.  C.  Bennet;  "  and  published  by  permission 
of  the  Mechanics'  Institute.  If  we  premise  the 
figures  and  tabular  statements  contained  therein 
to  be  correct,  which  doubtless  they  are  in  the 
main,  it  presents  a  very  favorable  showing  of  the 
'mechanical  and  manufacturing  interests  of  Cal- 
ifornia. 

It  gives  the  number  of  industrial  establish- 
ments in  the  State  in  1870  as  6,515;  but  esti- 
mates that  of  this  number  fully  three-fourths 
are  boot  and  shoemakers,  tailors,  blacksmiths, 
bakers,  carpenters  and  other  branches  of  indus- 
try usually  found  in  most  town  and  villages. 
After  deducting  these  and  a  few  other  minor 
industries,  the  real  manufactures  of  the  State 
are  summed  up  as  follows : 

List  of  Manufactures. 

Four  agricultural  implement  makers;  1  bag- 
ging weaving  mill;  6  billiard  table  makers;  5 
boiler  makers;  8  boot  and  shoe  factories;  8  box 
makers;  13  corn  broom  makers;  33  brick  mak- 
kers;  2  brush  makers;  2  candle  makers;  21  Car- 
riage and  wagon  makers;  3  cement  pipe  mak 
ers;  4  chemical  works;  75  cigar  makers;  2  cord- 
age makers;  1  file  cutter;  150  flour  mills;  2 
glass  works;  2  gold  beaters;  6  harness  factories; 
12  hatters;  1  hydraulic  cement  maker;  6  jewel- 
ers and  silver  plate  makers;  1  lead  pipe  and 
shot  factory;  3  smelting  works;  1  linseed  oil 
works;  60  machine  shops  and  iron  foundries ; 
2  metallurgical  works;  3  pail  and  tub  factories; 
2  paper  mills;  1  piano  forte  maker;  20  planing 
mills;  1  powder  works;  1  rolling  mill;  10  salt 
makers;  1  saw  maker;  22  sash,  door  and  blind 
makers;  16  shingle  mills;  300  saw  mills;  10  ship 
builders;  10  soap  makers;  3  soap  root  curlers; 
1  starch  maker;  8  straw  hat  makers;  1  stone 
(artificial  for  building)  maker;  2  sugar  refine- 
ries; 40  tanneries;  50  tinsmiths;  6  trunk  mak- 
ers; 3  type  foundries;  3  wire  workers;  6  woolen 
mills.— Total  954. 

There  are  certain  industries  quite  peculiar  to 
this  State,  among  them  are  the  asphaltum 
mining,  petroleum  collecting,  making  borax 
and  sulpher,  mining  chromic  and  other  ores  of 
iron,  and  curling  soap-root  as  a  substitute  for 
horse-hair.  The  latter  is  quite  a  new  industry 
and  employs  a  capital  of  nearly  $50,000,  with 
60  men,  and  machinery  and  engine  of  40-horse 
power.  The  value  of  the  product  is  nearly 
$100,000  annually,  and  is  steadily  increasing, 
because  this  material  is  the  best  substitute  for 
hair  ever  discovered,  and  grows  in  unlimited 
quantities  in  all  the  foothill  districts  in  the 
State. 

The  number  of  persons  employed  in  manu- 
factures, according  to  the  Federal  Census  re- 
turns, is  36,626  men,  1,253  women  and  850 
boys.  These  figures,  if  subjected  to  similar 
analysis,  show  that  less  than  5,000  men,  not 
more  than  300  women  and  only  about  400  boys 
are  employed  in  manufacturing  in  the  whole 
State.  Of  the  boys  employed,  90  per  cent,  are 
engaged  in  the  printing  business. 

The  capital  invested  in  manufactures,  accord- 
ing to  the  Census,  amounted  to  $76,947,310. 
If  from  this  amount  be  taken  the  capital  in- 
vested in  mining  enterprises  and  other  branches 
of  industry  not  properly  classed  as  manufac- 
tures, the  amount  employed  does  not  exceed 
$20,000,000.  Estimating  the  capital  employed 
in  each  of  the  above  954  establishments  at  $20,- 
000,  which  is  far  above  the  actual  figures,  the 
amount  would  not  reach  $20,000,000. 

The  total  population  of  California  is  given  for 
1870  as  560,223.  Imports  of  manufactured 
goods  by  sea  are  set  down  at  $26,504,500.  Im- 
ports by  Central  Pacific  Bailway  $5,300,000; 
total  of  imports  $71,063,688.  Exports  for  the 
same  year,  merchandise  by  sea  $17,840,160. 
By  railway,  $2,750,000.  Treasure  by  sea  and 
railway  $32,983,140.  Total  of  exports  $53,- 
581,300.  If  there  is  no  material  error  in  the 
above  estimates  and  figures,  there  would  seem 
to  be  a  balance  against  us  of  $17,482,388.  The 
pamphlet  goes  on  to  show  in  its  way,  the  causes 
that  operate  against  the  manufacturing  inter- 
ests; the  costs  to  the  people  of  California  in 
maintaining  a  metallic  currency;  the  effect  of 
savings  banks  on  the  manufacturing  interests 
how  capital  control  these  interests,  etc.,  making 
a  very  readable,  interesting,  and  we  presume 
reliable  work. 


another  to  be  placed  into  the  crucible  as 
the  preceeding  one  sinks  down  in  it,  and, 
to  some  extent,  therefore,  making  the 
smelting  operations  continuous.  No  re- 
liable detail's  of  this  experimental  working 
have  as  yet  come  to  hand,  but  from  the 
description  it  appears  that  the  furnace  is  a 
regenerative  one,  in  certain  respects  anal- 
ogous to  the  Siemens'  furnace,  than  which 
it  is,  however  claimed  to  be  at  the  same 
time  less  costly  as  well  as  more  simple  in 
its  action  and  construction.  From  the 
very  imperfect  description  as  yet  received, 
it  appears  that  the  fuel  employed  is  con- 
verted into  gas  in  a  generator,  from  which 
the  gas  is  drawn  by  an  uptake  into  the 
furnace  proper.  The  air  necessary  for  the 
combustion  of  the  gases  enters  the  furnace 
after  having  been  previously  heated  in 
the  regenerator,  and  the  hot  gaseous  prod- 
ucts of  oombustion  escape  by  the  uptake 
after  having  first  traversed  the  regenera- 
tor, which  is  composed  of  a  cubical  cham- 
ber divided  into  vertical  channels,  one  set 
of  which  is  devoted  to  the  passage  of  the 
hot  gases,  whilst  the  other  set  is  being 
traversed  by  the  atmospheric  air  which 
supplies  the  furnace.  Each  of  these  are  fur- 
nished with  partitions  to  retard  the  move- 
ments of  the  gas  or  air  circulating  through 
it,  and  these  partitions  are  constructed  of 
perforated  briek.arranged  in  lozenged  fash- 
ion, so  as  to  establish  communication  be- 
tween them,  and  also  increase  the  heating 
surface,  by  which  arrangement  the  appa- 
ratus acquires  great  heating  powers  in  a 
comparatively  Bmall  space.  The  flame 
can  be  rendered  at  will  either  oxidizing  or 
reducing,  and  the  temperature  can  be  va- 
ried by  merely  regulating  the  respective 
currents  of  air  and  gas. — Journal  of  the 
Iron  and  Steel  Institute. 


The  Ponsard  Furnace. 

This  furnace,  so  called  after  its  inventor, 
and  said  to  be  applicable  to  puddling, 
steel-making,  or  any  of  the  other  uses  to 
which  the  Siemens  furnace  can  be  applied, 
has  of  late  been  attracting  considerable 
attention  in  Paris,  where,  for  some  months 
during  the  siege,  an  experimental  furnace  of 
this  construction,  was  employed  in  the 
manufacture  of  crucible  cast  steel  direct 
from  the  ore.  The  crucibles  disposed  in 
two  rows  along  the  sides  of  the  furnace 
are  charged  from  above  and  outside  the 
furnace,  so  as  to  enable  one  charge  after 


The  Raymond  &  Ely  30-Stamp  Mill. 

The  Ely  Record  gives  a  description  of 
the  new  mill  of  the  Baymond  &  Ely  Co. 
The  stone  walls  upon  which  the  building 
rests  are  very  substantial,  and  are  put  up 
in  a  tasteful  manner.  The  arrangement  of 
the  mill  is  the  best  of  any  we  ever  visited, 
as  the  foreman  can  stand  at  the  main  en  - 
trance  and  at  one  glance  view  the  entire 
works,  excepting  the  retort  room,  which 
stands  in  the  rear.  The  machinery  was 
manufactured  at  the  iron  works  of  Booth 
&  Co.,  and  is  amongst  the  best  of  their 
superior  class  of  work.  The  machinery 
weighs  188  tons,  or  376,000  pounds.  Work 
was  commenced  on  the  building  Nov .  16th, 
1871,  by  J.  B  White,  superintendent  of 
construction. 

The  building  is  large  and  commodious; 
the  engine  room  is  36x40;  the  battery  room 
is  56x46;  the  pan  room  is  56x56;  the  re- 
tort room  is  56x46  and  well  ventilated,  and 
is  furnished  with  six  12-inch  retorts.  The 
two  boilers  are  each  16  feet  long  and  56 
inches  in  diameter,  with  steam  and  mud 
drums  of  the  best  pattern  attached.  The 
governor  is  one  of  Pickering's  best.  The 
engine  is  125-horse  power,  and  can  be 
run  at  150-horse  power  if  needed;  it  has 
18-inch  bore,  with  42-inch  stroke.  The 
fly-wheel  weighs  eight  tons.  The  main 
driving  pulley  is  seven  feet  in  diameter, 
and  26-inch  face.  The  platform  for  receiv- 
ing ore  is  100x60  feet,  and  floored  with 
3-inch  plank.  The  ore  passes  from  the 
platform  into  one  of  Blake's  largest  rock- 
breakers,  which  does  its  work  well,  reduc- 
ing the  ore  to  a  small  size;  from  this  it  is 
thrown  into  the  drying  furnace  or  kiln, 
which  is  60x12  feet,  and  is  constructed  in 
good  style  and  of  sufficient  capacity  to 
dry  all  the  ore  that  is  needed  for  crushing. 
From  the  furnace  or  dry  kiln  the  ore  de- 
scends to  the  battery  floor,  four  feet  be- 
low, where  it  is  thrown  into  the  batteries, 
which  contain  30  stamps  of  the  heaviest 
kind  ever  used  in  the  State.  The  pulp  is 
taken  to  16  large  Varney  pans,  each  of 
one  ton  capacity.  The  pans  discharge 
into  eight  8-foot  settlers,  and  the  settlers 
stand  in  the  center  of  the  pans,  be- 
ing very  conveniently  arranged;  the  car 
track  runs  from  the  battery  to  the  pans, 
settlers  and  retort  room. 

The  blacksmith  shop  is  situated  between 
the  two  mills,  so  as  to  be  handy  for  work- 
ing for  either  one.  The  dam  for  tailing 
pit  is  six  feet  high  and  21  feet  wide;  the 
pit  covers  three  acres  of  ground.  The  mill 
started  up  on  the  5th  inst.  at  6  p.  m.,  crush- 
ing ore  from  the  Lightner  shaft  of  the 
Baymond  &  Ely  mine;  there  are  500  tons 
of  ore  at  the  mill  and  plenty  at  the  mine. 
Quicksilver,  amounting  to  14  tons,  is  on 
hand  for  use.  The  mill,  as  well  as  all  the 
works  of  the  company,  is  under  the  super- 
intendence of  Col.  C.  W.  Lightner,  gen- 
eral superintendent.  Thomas  McMasters, 
superintendent  of  mills;  J.  McDermott, 
engineer;  F.  E.  Seargent,  assayer,  and  a 
reliable  set  of  men,  are  now  doing  splen- 
did work  at  the  new  mill. 


February  24,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


119 


UsEfJL     IfifOF^AJlQH. 


A   Word  Aboat  the  Moon. 

Every  one  is  familiar  with  the  singular 
phenomenon  known  as  the  "  new  moon 
carrying  the  old  moon  in  her  arms,"  when, 
iu  addition  to  the  slender  orescent,  the 
whole  disc  is  more  or  less  distinctly  visi- 
ble a  few  days  after  the  new  moon  ;  the 
sume  appearance,  or  "  the  old  moon  nurs- 
ing the  new,"  presents  itself  in  like  manner 
in  the  waning  moon,  when  she  rises  a  few 
honrs  before  the  sun  ;  but  we  fear  there 
are  few  who  shake  off  dull  sleep  to  see  it 
This  is  what  is  called  the  lumiere  cetulree, 
or  ashlight  of  the  moon.  Its  appearance 
us>od  to  be  taken  as  an  indication  that  the 
moon  was  phosphorescent,  or  possessed 
some  light  of  her  own,  independent  of  that 
shoreceives  from  the  sun.  Now,  however,  it 
is  satisfactorily  proved  to  arise  from  the 
sunlight  refloetod  from  the  earth  upon  the 
dark  moon  ;  for  it  must  be  remembered 
that  the  earth  is  to  the  moon  what  the 
moon  is  to  the  earth,  a  reflector  of  the 
biiu's  light ;  and  when  it  is  now  moon  to 
the  earth  it  is  fnll  earth  to  the  moon,  and 
rice  reran,  and  thus  the  opaque  moon  be- 
comes illuminated  by  earth-light — to  use  a 
term  analogous  to  moonlight  ;  but  on  ac 
count  of  the  great  size  of  the  earth  com- 
pared to  the  moon,  this  light  is  14  times  as 
bright  as  our  moonlight,  and  thus  occa- 
sional brillancy  of  this  "  reflection  of  a 
reflection  "  is  accounted  for. 

Science  Perfecting  Swimming. 

Fredric  Barnett,  of  Paris,  has  invented 
and  patented  a  very  novel  yet  simple  ap- 
paratus for  swimmers.  The  invention  con- 
consists  in  supplying  to  man  by  art  the 
apparatus  which  has  been  given  to  the 
frog  by  nature.  For  the  hands  he  has  a 
large  membranous  fin  which  is  held  to  its 
place  by  loops  passing  over  the  fingers  and 
a  strap  around  the  wrist.  The  surface 
presented  to  the  water  by  these  fins  is  so 
large  as  to  add  greatly  to  the  effectiveness 
of  the  strokes  of  the  arm,  but  not  so  large 
as  to  exhaust  the  muscular  power.  Their 
effect  is  to  very  much  reduce  the  effort  re- 
quired to  swim  without  them.  But  the 
greatest  ingenuity  is  displayed  in  the  form 
and  fitness  of  the  fins  for  the  legs,  which 
are  attached  to  the  ankles,  and  are  sp 
formed  that  they  act  upon  the  water,  both 
in  the  movement  of  bringing  the  legs  to- 
gether and  throwing  them  back.  They 
act  so  finely  in  treading  water,  as  swim- 
mers call  it,  that  one  can  really  walk,  if 
not  on  the  water,  at  least  in  it.  The  dif- 
ference between  swimming  with  this  ap- 
paratus and  without  it,  is  very  much  like 
the  difference  between  rowing  a  boat  with 
a  handle  and  the  blade  of  an  oar.  The  old 
swimmer  has  no  trouble  in  using  the  fins 
at  first  trial,  and  is  surprised  to  find  with 
what  strength  he  can  swimwithontexhaus- 
tion.  He  easily  swims  twice  as  fast  with 
the  apparatus  as  without  it,  and  he  can 
sustain  himself  for  hours  upon  the  water, 
or  swim  miles  with  it. 


A  Simple  Alarm  Clock. — Take  a  com- 
mon weight  clock  and  have  a  small  hole  in 
each  of  the  boards  that  support  the  works 
inside,  in  any  convenient  place  near  the 
hammer.  Having  attached  a  small  wire  or 
string  to  the  wire  that  makes  the  dock 
strike  in  regulating,  pass  it  through  the 
holes  and  under  the  time  weight,  through 
another  hole  in  the  case  to  the  outside, 
where,  having  secured  it,  you  have  an 
alarm  clock  that  was  never  intended  as 
such.  The  time  weight  in  descending  will 
press  on  the  string  and  make  the  hammer 
strike  until  the  whole  weight  runs  down. 
To  set  the  alarm  the  time  weight  must  be 
gaged  in  winding,  as  it  descends  about  one- 
half  inch  in  three-quarters  of  an  hour. 
This  is  a  boy's  invention.  It  will  wake  a 
person  without  frightening  him,  which 
some  other  alarms  will  not  do. — Scientific 
American. 

Keeping  Fish  Fbesh  with  Sugar. — A 
method  adopted  in  Portugal  for  preserv- 
ing fish  consists  in  removing  the  viscera 
and  sprinkling  sugar  over  the  interior, 
keeping  the  fish  in  a  horizontal  position, 
so  that  the  sugar  may  penetrate  as  much 
as  possible.  It  is  said  that  fish  prepared 
in  this  way  can  be  kept  completely  fresh 
for  a  long  time,  the  savor  being  as  perfect 
as  if  recently  caught.  Salmon  thus 
treated  before  salting  and  smoking  possess 
a  much  more  agreeable  taste;  a  tablespoon- 
ful  of  sugar  being  sufficient  for  a  five- 
pound  fish. 

How  many  of  our  lady  readers  ever 
dreamed  that  we  send  to  Great  Britain 
annually,  fifteen  million  dollars  in  gold  for 
the  single  article  of  spool  cotton  ? 


QOOD    HE^LTH- 


Medicinal  Properties  of  Petroleum. 

In  nearly  every  drug  store  is  found  a 
celebrated  remedy  recommended  by  En- 
glish physicians,  originating  in  Asia  and 
pretended  to  be  manufactured  in  England, 
known  as  British  or  Rock  Oil,  which  is 
prescribed  as  a  liniment  for  rheumatism, 
neuralgia,  etc.,  which  is  nothing  more  or 
less  than  pure  petroleum  and,  it  is  no  doubt 
often  used  with  very  beneficial  effect. 

As  a  further  example  of  the  uses  of 
petroleum  for  sanitary  purposes,  we  may 
cite  the  following  very  interesting  and  val- 
uable facts:  Dr.  Gelcich,  during  the  re- 
cent epidemic  rage  of  small-pox  in  Los 
Angeles,  had  many  patients  afflicted  with 
that  disease,  and  moreover  had  to  officiate 
as  County  Coroner,  in  performing  the  du- 
ties of  which  he  was  often  called  upon  to 
enter  houses  and  have  bodies  removed 
for  burial.  In  fumigating  such  places  he 
found  the  most  effective  way  was  to  place 
two  or  three  ounces  of  the  oil  in  a  frying- 
pan,  set  it  on  fire  and  put  it  in  the  middle 
of  the  rooms.  As  a  precautionary  measure 
for  himself  he  washed  his  hands  in  petro- 
leum when  it  became  necessary  to  handle 
the  bodies;  he  also  recommended  to 
every  family  to  place  a  small  quantity  in  a 
saucer  in  the  corner  of  every  room,  which 
neutralized  the  miasma,  purified  the  at- 
mosphere and  effectually  prevented  the 
spread  of  the  infection.  He  believes  that 
to  this  method  is  to  be  attributed  the  suc- 
cess that  attended  his  practice  during  the 
eleven  months  continninoe  of  that  terri- 
ble epidemio. 

Antiseptic  Properties  of  Petroleum. 

The  antiseptic  properties  of  petroleum 
are  well  described  by  Dr.  J.  W.  Twoler, 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  etc.,  in  Hobart 
College  and  Geneva  Medical  College,  in 
his  analysis  of  it  made  some  time  since. 
He  first  describes  what  putrefaction  is  and 
states,  "that  it  is  the  decomposition,  de- 
cay or  natural  destruction  of  dead  or  or- 
ganic matter.  That  which  promotes  pu- 
trefaction is  air,  moisture,  warmth,  oryp- 
togamic  plants  and  infusory  insects.  Dead 
organio  substance,  deprived  of  air  and 
moisture  and  kept  in  a  vacuum,  resists 
putrefaction  for  an  indefinite  time.  Chemi- 
cals may  act  in  various  ways  in  checking 
and  preventing  putrefaction ;  they  may  in 
the  first  place  exclude  air  and  moisture  me- 
chanically, as  it  were,  like  oils,  resins, 
paints,  tars,  gums  etc. 

Now  certain  chemicals  act  in  a  two-fold 
manner — they  may  either  abstract  water 
from  the  organic  matter  and  form  new 
compounds,  or  they  may  extract  the  mois- 
ture by  the  oxygen  of  the  air.  Such  anti- 
septics are  alcohol,  common  salt,  salt- 
petre, etc.  Others  again,  act  in  a  three- 
fold manner;  they  abstract  the  water,  ex- 
clude the  air  and  destroy  animal  and  veg- 
etable life. 

The  substance  that  will  best  perform  all 
this  work  is  petroleum.  If  for  instance,  a 
log  of  green  wood  be  immersed  in  petro- 
leum, the  water  and  air  in  the  pores  of 
the  wood  are  displaced  by  the  petroleum. 
Petroleum  thus  excludes  air  and  moisture 
from  organic  substances.  It  also  destroys 
living  vegetables  and  animals.  Petroleum 
contains  no  oxygen — which  is  a  necessary 
element  of  decomposition.  Out  of  all  sub- 
stances this  hydrocarbon  appears  to  be  the 
most  powerful  antiseptic  known;  and  I 
have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  it  for 
the  purpose  set  forth." 

As  an  Antidote  for  the  Bites  of  Poisonous  Insects, 
Reptiles,  Etc. 

Petroleum  is,  also,  a  specific  for  the  oure 
of  the  bite  of  venomous  insects,  such  as 
bees,  spiders,  etc.,  and  the  bite  of  reptiles. 
A  farmer  in  Illinois  had  a  large  bee-gum 
near  his  house;  one  day  some  children 
playing  near  it  annoyed  the  bees,  which 
suddenly  attacked  the  intruders  and  stung 
some  of  them  in  a  terrible  manner;  the 
mother  of  the  children  immediately  washed 
with  petroleum  the  parts  stung  and  instant 
relief  was  obtained.  The  same  writer  as- 
serts that  petroleum  is  an  antidote  for  the 
bite  of  the  rattlesnake  and  reptiles  of 
kindred  nature. 

Offensive  Breath, — For  this  purpose, 
almost  the  only  substance  that  should  be 
admitted  at  the  toilette  is  the  concentrated 
solution  of  chloride  of  soda.  From  six 
to  ten  drops  of  it  in  a  wineglass  full  of 
pure  spring  water,  taken  immediately  after 
the  operations  of  the  morning  are  com- 
pleted. In  some  cases  the  oder  arising  from 
carious  teeth  is  combined  with  that  of  the 
stomach.  If  the  mouth  be  well  rinsed 
with  a  teaspoonful  of  the  solution  of  the 
chloride  in  a  tumbler  of  water,  the  bad 
odor  of  the  teeth  will  be  removed. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  Son  Francisco. 

Pacific  licicKsu-vKr.  M.  Co. — Jun  31.  Ob- 
jects— To  engage  iu  and  curry  on  the  business  of 
mining  uud  reducing  quicksilver.  Location  of 
mine  and  works,  San  Luis  Obispo  county.  Cap- 
ital stock  $5,000,000.  Trustees:  Chauncv  B. 
Land,  John  0.  Fall,  A.  E.  Head,  A.  D.  Allen 
and  K.  E.  Brewster. 

Pacific  Boeax  Co. — Jan.  31.  Objecl  I 
manufacture  borax,  suits  and  alkidicB  in  Earner* 
aldu  county,  Nevada.  Oapitalstock  $2,850,000, 
divided  into  28,500  shares.  Trustees:  Justinian 
Cairo,  George  W.  Osbom,  Michael  Kane,  Jo- 
seph Mosheinier  and  Henry  N.  Wymon. 

Ahams'  Hill  Cons.  M.  Co.— Feb.  2.  Object 
— To  mine  in  Eureka  mining  dist.,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock  $6,000,  000,  iuto  50,0110  shares. 
Trustees:  J.  B.  Hoggin,  G.  T.  Lawton,  11.  A. 
Fox,  O.  F.  Griffin  uud  J.  W.  Gashwiler. 

Nobth  Pacific  Commercial  Co. — Feb.  2d. 
Objects — To  engage  in  business  of  fishing  iu 
the  Pacific  Ocean  and  in  the  inland  waters  of 
Washington  Territory  and  British  Columbia; 
to  make  oil,  preserve  fish  and  to  transact  a  gen- 
eral commercial  business.  Capital  stock,  $100,- 
000,  in  4,000  shares.  Trustees:  O.  P.  Sutton. 
Geo.  Brngg  and  A.  H.  Todd. 

San  Jose  Cons.  M.  Co.—  Feb.  5.  Object^-To 
mine  in  Elv  mining  district.  Capital  stock 
$,3000,000,  'in  30,000  shares.  Trustees:  L.  S. 
Robertson,  Edmoud.  L.  Gould,  C.  D.  Fitzhugh 
C.  E.Horlnian  and  C.  M.  Thurnian. 

Starlight  Gold  and  Silveii  M.  Co  filed  a 
certificate  of  the  increase  of  its  capital  stock  to 
$2,500,000  shares. 

Spring  Mountain  Co. — Feb.  8.  Object — to 
mine  in  Ely  District,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock  $2,000,000,  with  shares  at  the  par 
value  of  $100.  Trustees:  C.  H.  Hallett,  J.  T. 
Pomeroy,  A.  G.  Prince,  G.  E.  Rogers  and  J. 
M.  Bufnngton. 

Leamino  Petroleum  Co. — Feb.  10.  Object — 
To  mine  for  petroleum,  naphtha,asphultum,and 
the  oils  thereof,  and  all  other  kinds  of  mineral 
and  subterranean  oils  and  substances,  in  San 
Fernando  District,  Los  Angeles  county.  Cap- 
ital stock  $1,000,000.  Trustees:  George  W. 
Beaver,  Joseph  W.  Stow,  John  Shirley,  A. 
Georgiani  and  A.  W.  Von  Schmidt. 

Pea  Vine  Silver  Mining  Co. — Feb.  12.  Ob- 
ject-To mine  in  the  Ely  Mining  District.  Capital 
stock,  $3,000,000  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees: 
J.  B.  E.  Cavallier,  C.  P.  Hall,  C.  N.  Fox,  Phil- 
lip S.  Fay  and  G.  Reiter. 

Benjamin  Gold  and  Silver  M.  Co. — Feb. 
13.  Object: — To  carry  on  the  mining  business 
in  Arizona.  Capital  stock,  $2,000,000,  divided 
into  20,000  shares,  at  $100  each.  Trustees: 
George  D.  Roberts,  G.  W.  Curtis,  James  A. 
Anderson,  J.  W.  Gashwiler,  Samuel  P.  Mid- 
dleton,  George  S.  Kittridge,  and  Williarn 
Sears. 

Inqomar  Silver  M.  Co.— Feb.  13.  Capital 
stock  $4,000,000,  with  40,000  shares  at  $100 
each.  Object — to'  carry  on  mining  business  in 
Ely  District,  Nevada.  Trustees:  J.  D.  Fry, 
F.  C.Fassett,  G.  D.  Roberts,  George  Reiter, 
and  L.  A.  Booth. 

Hoffman  Silver  M.  Co.  —  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  with  30,000  shares  at  $100  each,  to 
carry  on  the  silver  mining  business  in  Ely  Min- 
ing District,  Nevada.  Trustees:  J.  D.  Fry, 
J.  W.  Gashwiler,  C  E.  Hoffman,  L.  D.  Fitz- 
hugh and  G.  D.  Roberts. 

Orient  Silver  M.  Co. — Capital  stock,  $1,- 
000,000,  divided  into  10,000  shares,  valuation 
$100  each.  Trustees:  S.  A.  Raymond,  James 
A.  Pritchard,  James  Dods,  Andrew  Kohler, 
Wm.  Hazelhurst. 

Lyons  and  Wheeler  Mining  Co. — Capital 
stock,  $5,000,000,  divided  into  $50,000  shares 
of  $100  valuation  each.  Trustees:  Henry 
Lyons,  I.  Friedlander,  A.  C.  Peachy,  W.  D. 
Wheeler  and  Frank  Soule. 

Excelsior  Gravel  M.  Co. — Object:  To  carry 
on  gravel  mining  in  Plumas  county.  Capital 
stock  $500,000,  with  20,000  shares  of  the  par 
value  of  $25  each.  Trustees:  Warren  R. 
Payne,  Wm.  H.  Ladd,  Ferdinand  Vassault, 
John  W.  Bost  and  John  Harding. 

The  following  certificates  of  incorporation  have 
been  filed  in  the  Secretary  of  State's  office,  Sac- 
ramento. 

Calaveras  Gravel  Co. — Object — To  operate 
in  the  Brushville  district,  Calaveras  county; 
principal  office,  Stockton.  Capital  stock  $200,- 
000.  Trustees:  Samuel  Miller,  Samuel  Elclridge, 
John  Bennett,  Minord  Thrasher  and  Edward 
Cannavan. 

San  Francisco  Consolidated  Mining  Co. — 
Capital,  $3,000,000;  principal  office,  SanFran- 
cicco. 

Shannon  Quartz  M.  Co.— Capital  $80,000, 
principal  place  of  business,  Auburn. 

Ella  Mining  Co. — Capital  $120,000,  princi- 
pal place  of  business,  Sacramento. 


New  Gold  Fields. — The  reports  of  gold 
discoveries  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Superior  are  confirmed  from  various 
sources,  though  it  appears  probable  that 
some  of  the  stories  in  relation  to  the  rich 
ness  of  the  deposits  have  been  exaggerated 
— for  instance,  of  gold-bearing  quartz  worth 
$6,000  per  ton  of  LakeShebandowen,  which 
is  reached  by  about  forty-eight  miles  of 
travel  over  a  splendid  Government  road 
from  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior.  Well  de- 
fined veins  of  gold-bearing  quartz,  much 
of  which  is  decomposed,  have  been  found 


and  traced  for  several  miles.  These  veins 
contain,  in  addition  to  free  gold,  galena, 
very  pure  silver  glance,  and  iron  pyrites. 
The  sand  in  the  streams  of  this  region  has 
been  found  to  contain  gold,  but  whether 
in  paying  quantities  has  not  yet  been  ascer- 
tained. The  silver  mining  in  the  region 
of  Thunder  Bay  continues  immensely  pro- 
ductive. At  Silver  Islet  the  quantity  of 
silver  daily  dug  out  is  only  limited  by  the 
forco  the  operators  are  able  to  employ,  and 
the  supply  appears  to  be  inexhaustible. 
Other  mines  in  that  region  are  yielding 
finely.  The  lands  in  which  silver  or  gold 
have  been  found  extend  back  from  the  lake 
from  fifty  to  one  hundred  miles  One  man 
has  purchased  40,000  acres  from  the  Can- 
adian Government  at  one  dollar  an  acre. 
The  total  population  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  mines  is  about  800;  but  iu  the 
spring  there  will  doubtless  be  an  immonso 
rush  of  fortune-seekers  to  these  remark- 
able gold  and  silver  fields.  The  country 
is  wild  and  broken,  with  but  little  timber 
or  soil  capable  of  cultivation. 

Alvarado  Foundry. 

The  Alvarado  Foundry,  says  the  Ala- 
meda County  Advocate,  is  located  on  the 
Alameda  Creek,  at  a  point  called  Union 
City,  about  half  a  mile  below  the  town  of 
Alvarado.  The  site  was  selected  for  its 
shipping  facilities,  the  landing  being  an 
excellent  one  and  the  creek,  to  this  point, 
navigable  for  steamers  and  schooners, 
while  the  Central  Pacific  Kailroad  is  with- 
in easy  reaching  distance  on  the  land  side. 

The  proprietors  of  the  establishment  are 
Messrs.  Tay,  Brooks  &  Backus  of  614,  610 
and  618  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  gen- 
tlemen of  ample  means  and  much  experi- 
ence in  their  line.  They  are  very  sanguine 
of  the  complete  success  of  their  enterprise; 
all  the  buildings  and  machinery  are  there- 
fore of  the  most  permanent  and  substan- 
tial kind.  The  two  main  buildings  are 
70x101  feet  each ;  one  of  them,  which  is 
used  for  a  pattern  shop  and  for  mounting 
and  fitting  up  stoves  and  other  articles 
manufactured,  being  two  and  a  half  sto- 
ries high.  There  is  also  a  building  45x95 
feet  used  as  a  boiler  room,  and  to  separate 
and  clean  the  castings  in. 

A  number  of  other  smaller  buildings  on 
different  parts  of  the  Company's  grounds 
used  for  various  purposes  show  that  a  very 
extensive  business  is  intended.  Atthe  north 
end  of  the  casting  house  there  is  a  water 
tank  at  a  hight  of  forty-eight  feet,  sup- 
ported by  a  very  substantial  frame,  which 
holds  6,500  gallons,  from  which  by  means 
of  hose  all  the  buildings  can  be  flooded 
giving  great  facilities  for  extinguishing 
fire. 

The  capacity  of  the  foundry  is  now 
about  ten  tons  of  castings  per  day,  "out,  as 
we  are  informed,  it  will  at  early  day  be 
much  increased.  The  molding  floor  is, 
however,  now  larger  than  any  molding 
floor  in  San  Francisco,  and  probably 
larger  than  any  other  in  the  State.  The  en- 
gine is  a  beautiful  one  of  thirty  horse-power, 
the  boiler  being  sufficient  to  supply  this 
engine  and  at  least  another  of  equal 
power. 

The  work  done  here  will  be  the  casting 
and  finishing  for  the  market,  of  French 
Ranges,  stoves,  hollow  ware,  cauldrons, 
grates,  fenders,  and  all  articles  usually 
termed  "household  furnishing  goods." 
Stoves  of  original  and  elegant  patterns  will 
be  made  a  specialty,  and  a  distinguishing 
feature  of  the  foundry.  Any  kind  of  work 
can  also  be  done  there  promptly  to  order, 
for  the  machinist,  farmer  and  miner.  Any 
piece  of  casting  can  be  duplicated  there 
in  a  very  short  time. 

Under  the  directions  of  the  proprietors, 
Mr.  Cyrus  Packard,  carpenter  and  builder, 
"  broke  ground  "  on  the  21st  of  Septem- 
ber, 1871,  and  on  the  20th  of  January, 
1872,  the  first  cast  or  "  heat  "  was  made, 
under  the  supervision  of  J.  J.  McDonald, 
Master  Molder.  Since  then  several  heats 
have  been  taken,  and  several  shipments  of 
castings  made  to  the  city  store  and  else- 
where; one  quite  large  order  having  gone 
to  Mexico. 

Capt.  J.  W.  Bryan,  a  very  affable  gen- 
tleman, with  a  clear  business  head,  is  the 
Superintendent  of  the  establishment,  and 
business  connected  with  it.  He  is  at  pres- 
ent intimately  connected  with  the  pro- 
prietors, and  will  in  a  short  time  become 
a  co-proprietor.  The  Captain's  brother, 
Mr.  Joseph  Bryan,  is  the  resident  mana- 
ger and  representive  of  the  proprietors. 

"We  in  common  with  the  whole  commu- 
nity here  most  heartily  wish  this  enter- 
prise great  success. 

The  Ophir  mills  on  the  Mariposa  Es- 
tate commenced  running  last  week  on  rock 
from  the  Josophine  and  Linda  mines. 


120 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  24, 1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


DEWEY  &.  CO.,  ru-tollsliers. 

A    T,  DEWEY.  GEO.  H.  STRONG, 

V.  B.  EWER,'  JNO.  L.  BOONE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
"Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

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@a,ix  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Feb.  24,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Kates. 

San  Franoisco,  Wednesday,  February  21, 1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying  9l;  selling,  91}$.  Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  110%. 


Table  of  Contents. 


Editorials.— Vapor  of  Mercury,  page  113.  Earnest 
Talk  to  Miners;  California  Manufactures,  118.  Hints 
to  California  Engineers;  California  Academy  of  Sciences, 
121;  Commissioner  Drummond's  Circular,  123-3 

Coreespondence. — Our  Auriferous  Gravel;  Humboldt 
Mining  Region,  114;  "Wastage  of  Precious  Metals,  120. 

Illustrations. — Stebins'  Hydraulic  Elevator,  113;  Tra- 
vis &  Wagner's  Portable  Mill;  Man's  Place  in  Na- 
ture, 121. 

Mechanical  Progress.— Mechanical  and  Engineering 
Progress;  Bridge  Building;  A  Knot  Tying  Machine; 
Novel  Method  of  Warming  Railroad  Cars,  115. 

Sctentifio  Progress. -Facts  with  Regard  to  Storms; 
A  Volcano  in  Miniature:  Hight  and  Velocity  of  Meteor6; 
A  New  Experiment  in  Gas,  115. 

Useful  Information. — A.  Word  Abou'  the  Moon;  Science 
Perfecting  Swimming;  A  Simple  Alarm  Clock  ;  Keeping 
Fish  Fresh  with  Sugar,  119. 

Good  Health. — Medicinal  Properties  of  Petroleum  ; 
Offensive  Breath,  119. 

Domestic  Economy.  The  Art  of  Folding  Linen;  To 
Make  Gravy  that  will  Keep  Several  Days;  Sausage 
Seasoning,  123. 

Miscellaneous.— The  Hunt  &  Douglas  Process  for  the 
Extraction  of  Copper  from  its  Ores;  The  Ponsard  Fur- 
nace; The  Raymond  &  Ely  30-Stamp  Mill,  118;  New 
Incorporations;  Alvarado  Foundry,  119;  Review  of  J. 
S.  Phillips's  Mining  Book  in  "London  Mining  Jour- 
nal," 124. 


To  Inventors. — A  cheap  machine  or 
apparatus  is  wanted  by  which  the  juice  of 
melons  or  other  saccharine  juices,  can  be 
conoentrated  to  the  condition  of  syrup  or 
sugar,  under  common  atmospheric  press- 
ure, at  a  heat  of  not  to  exceed  180°  F.  "We 
don't  want  the  expensive  vacuum  pan, 
in  use  in  all  refineries  and  sugar  factories, 
but  a  reasonably  cheap  apparatus  that  any 
farmer  can  afford  to  buy.  We  say  180°  be- 
cause we  wish  to  concentrate  without 
danger  of  burning  the  syrup. 

The  First  Steel  Boilers. — We  inad- 
vertently stated,  last  week,  that  the  steel 
boilers  now  in  use  at  the  Almaden  Quick- 
silver mines  were  from  the  "  San  Francisco 
Boiler  Works  "  of  this  city;  when  the  fact 
is  well  known  that  they  were  built  at  the 
Vulcan  Foundry,  and  were  the  first  steel 

boilers  ever  made  on  this  coast. 

* — .—-^^— , — » 

Perpetual  Motion — The  Scientific  Amer- 
ican has  published  a  series  of  articles  on 
perpetual  motion,  in  which  it  has  illus- 
trated by  a  cut,  "  every  principle  tried 
since  the  search  began."  The  object  has 
been  to  show  inventors  the  folly  of  pursu- 
ing the  search  further.  There  were  thirty 
illustrations. 

A  New  Alloy  for  Jewelry. — We  hear 
from  Germany  of  the  invention  of  a  new 
alloy  for  making  imitation  jewelry.  It 
consists  of  copper,  58-86  parts,  zinc,  39-24 
parts,  and  lead,  1-90  parts.  We  cannot 
vouch  for  its  success,  but  it  is  so  simple 
that  any  of  our  readers  can  try  it  for  him- 
self. 

A  New  Invention. — We  are  beginning  to 
imitate  and  perhaps  equal  the  Japanese,  in  the 
manufacture  of  useful  domestic  utensils  from 
paper.  An  exchange  says: — In  Pearl  street, 
New  York,  there  is  a  mill  which  makes  from 
paper,  milk  pans,  cups,  bread  pans,  wash 
bowls,  etc.,  which  is  said  to  be  superior  to 
wood  or  metal.  The  paper  after  being  pulped 
is  pressed  to  shape,  dried,  enameled,  and  sub- 
jected to  a  heat  that  would  destroy  some  uten- 
sils of  the  kind.  The  material  is  light  and 
easily  handled,  and  does  not  rust,  shrink  or 
easily  break. 


Earnest  Talk  to  Miners. 

[For  the  Press— Br  Our  Mineb  — No.  3.] 

THE  MINING  INTEREST. 

The  True  Position  of  the  Miner. 

Having  in  previous  articles  called  atten- 
tion to  the  importance  of  the  mining  in- 
terest of  the  Pacific  Coast;  shown  how  the 
Federal  and  State  Legislatures  neglect  this 
interest,  and  exposed  the  plans  of  land- 
grabbers  to  obtain  control  of  the  mineral 
lands — we  propose  in  the  present  article 
to  say  a  few  words  to  the  miners  about 
themselves.  '  'Naught  extenuating  nor  set- 
ting down  aught  in  malice." 

Those  who  respect  themselves,  command 
respect  from  others,  is' a  truism  of  just  as 
much  force  among  those  who  delve  in  the 
dark,  damp  drifts  of  the  deepest  mines,  as 
it  is  among  those  "who  wear  purple 
and  fine  linen  and  fare  sumptuously  every 
day." 

The  miners  of  California  should  fill  a 
more  prominent  position  in  the  body  poli- 
tic than  they  at  present  occupy.  Their 
numbers,  the  value  of  their  products  and 
the  nature  of  their  employment  entitle 
them  to  such  a  position.  The  reason  why 
they  fail  to  reach  it,  is  their  disregard  of 
their  own  interests.  When  they  shall 
awake  and  understand  the  strength  of  or- 
ganization and  unity  of  action,  the  impor- 
tance of  their  interest  will  obtain  proper 
recognition.  Then  the  term  "honest  mi- 
ner," will  no  longer  be  one  of  derision  im- 
plying an  inferiority  on  the  part  of  those 
who  work  the  mines  and  produce  wealth, 
as  compared  with  those  who  by  gambling 
in  mining  stocks,  concentrate  this  wealth 
in  few  hands  to  react  on  its  producers,  by 
becoming  an  instrument  for  their  oppres- 
sion. 

Tho  world  admires  courage  and 
perseverance.  It  especially  honors  the 
soldier,  who,  amid  the  mad,  brutal 
turmoil  of  battle  risks  life  or  limb  in 
the  work  of  destruction;  yet,  what  is 
such  courage  when  compared  with  that  of 
the  patient  miner,  who  daily  and  hourly 
runs  far  greater  risks  in  the  more  commen- 
dable and  useful  work  of  productions.  What 
greater  monuments  of  individual  perse- 
verance can  be  found  on  the  wide  world's 
surface,  than  is  presented  by  the  miles  of 
tunnel  cut  through  rock-ribbed  mountains; 
shafts  cut  through  the  stubborn  rock  or 
treacherous  sands,  from  the  summits  of 
the  foothills,  down,  down  below  the  level 
of  the  ocean,  and  the  hundreds  of  miles  of 
ditches  and  flumes  which  traverse  almost 
every  mountain  and  canon  from  the  snowy 
Sierras  to  the  sea  1  These  are  the  monu- 
ments erected  by  the  miners  of  California 
to  the  memory  of  the  thousands  who  have 
perished  "unhonored  and  unsung"  during 
the  progress  of  the  work  of  producing  the 
thousand  million  dollars  worth  of  gold 
which  sets  in  motion  the  machinery  of  the 
world's  commerce  and  manufactures, 
decorates  beauty  in  the  palaces  of  the  great 
and  provides  necessaries  and  comforts  for 
the  lowly  dwellers  in  the  homes  of  the 
poor. 

The  world  is  too  just  and  generous  not 
to  honor  the  sturdy  class  capable  of  pro- 
ducing such  grand  results.  The  absence 
of  recognition  of  the  merits  of  the  miners 
of  California  is  due  to  their  neglect  of 
their  own  interests;  a  fact  which  we  are 
endeavoring  to  impress  on  their  minds. 
It  affords  us  much  pleasure  to  observe  that 
our  efforts  in  this  direction  are  producing 
the  desired  results. 

The  miners  of  Grass  Valley,  the  most 
important  quartz  mining  district  in  the 
world,  satisfied  that  the  use  of  a  certain 
description  of  blasting  powder  was  in- 
jurious to  their  health,  have  held  several 
meetings,  to  decide  on  the  best  means  to 
prevent  the  use  of  this  deleterious  sub- 
stance. They  have  made  no  tumultous 
demonstrations,  ,used  no  threats,  and  say 
they  desire  no  ' '  strike."  Like  sensible 
men  who  "  knowing  their  rights  dare  to 


defend  them,"  they  propose  to  explain  the 
cause  of  their  complaint  to  the  owners  of  the 
mines,  and  to  respectfully,  but  firmly  de- 
mand that  the  materials,  which  they  think 
shortens  their  lives,  shall  not  .be  used  in 
the  mines. 

Public  opinion — the  soverign  power  in 
our  Eepublic — will  always  be  on  the 
side  of  the  working  class  which  adopts  this 
manner  to  obtain  redress  of  a  grievance. 

The  owners  of  the  mines  must  prove 
that  the  complaints  of  the  miners  are  un- 
founded, or  discontinue  the  use  of  the 
objectionable  material,  or  the  responsi- 
bility of  the  consequences  will  rest  on 
them.  We  sincerely  hope  that  the  miners 
concerned  will  avoid  every  act  that  may 
bring  them  into  discredit.  They  may  de- 
pend upon  our  hearty  support  so  long  as 
they  only  resort  to  lawful  means  to  abate 
what  they  claim  is  a  serious  injury  to  their 
interest. 

Bemarks. — We  are  happy  to  be  able  to 
inform  "Our  Miner  "  and  also  the  miners 
of  Grass  Valley,  that  a  California  inventor, 
Dr.  A.  Blatchley  of  this  city,  has  already 
come  to  the  relief  of  blasters  troubled  with 
the  obnoxious  fumes  from  various  kinds 
of  powder,  with  a  very  simple  invention, 
which  is  said  to  almost  instantly  and  per- 
fectly lay  the  noxious  vapors.  We  think 
the  manufacturers  of  such  powder  stand 
in  their  own  light  by  not  testing  its 
efficacy,  and  if  successful,  purchase  the 
right  for  the  benefit  of  their  consumers. 
The  patent  was  procured  through  the 
Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency,  and  is 
described  in  our  issue  of  August  5th, 
1871.— [Editors. 

Wastage  of  the  Precious  Metals— No.  2. 

BY  ALMABIN  B.  PAUL. 

[Written  for  the  Press.] 
The  following  paragraphs  from  the  nu- 
merous letters  I  have  been  in  receipt  of, 
speak  for  themselves.     I  extract  under  the 
heads  of  States  and  Territories. 

California. 

"  I  have  a  mine  and  mill,  amalgamating 
pans,  etc.,  roasting  furnaces  for  sulphur- 
ets,  and  other  necessary  appliances  for 
working  by  the  chlorine  process — assaying 
apparatus,  etc.,  and  know  how  to  use 
them.  Now  what  next  would  you  say, 
that  with  all  these  things  it  would  be 
strange  not  to  know  what  I  am  about,  for 
I  know  that  I  save  an  average  of  not  over 
one  half  the  gold. " 

' '  They  returned  me  by  sampled  assays 
from  my  ore  $80  per  ton,  and  I  cannot  get 
more  than  $10  per  ton  by  mill  working." 

"  We  have  worked  our  ores  in  arastras 
and  have  failed,  we  cannot  save  only  about 
40  per  cent. ,  and  we  have  no  base  metal  to 
contend  with — the  trouble  is  the  gold  is  so 
fine  and  what  is  coarse  is  coated  with 
something  so  it  will  not  adhere  to  the  mer- 
cury, although  to  look  at  it,  it  appears  very 
bright.  I  save  about  $20  a  ton  and  can  get 
about  as  good  a  show  out  of  the  tailings  as 
out  of  the  ledge  before  working  and  I  have 
worked  in  quartz  ten  years." 

"  The  first  lot  of  ore  went  $18;  the  se- 
cond, $6.25;  sulphuret  tailings  assaying 
$60  per  ton — we  quit. 

"  We  have  on  hand  from  300  to  400  tons 
of  chlorination  tailing's  which  assay  from 
$15  per  ton  upwards." 

"  The  general  principle  that  has  caused 
you  to  experiment.  That  is  the  Wastage 
of  the  Precious  Metals  is  acknowledged  by 
every  practical  miner. 

"  Mr.  J.  told  me  he  had  ore  valued  at 
$30  by  assay  and  could  get  but  from  $10 
to  $15  out  of  it.  There  is  no  proportion 
between  assays  and  yields.  The  rock  I 
sent  you  was  returned  to  me  at  $30  value 
and  all  I  could  make  it  pay  was  $7." 

Colorado. 

The  following  from  the  Herald,  Central 
City, Colorado,  and  G.W.Baker's  pamphlet 
of  same  city,  is  quite  to  the  point.  Such 
declarations  of  facts  are  credible  to  the 
journal  and  author  and  a  benefit  to  the 
whole  people.  "It  is  only  necessary  to  re- 
alize the  fact,  then  comes  a  remedy."  In 
answer  to  what  the  Register  is  pleased  to 
term  the  Herald  proclamation,  we  re- 
ceived the  following  statement  for  publica- 
tion. The  owner's  name,  and  that  of  the 
mill,  will  be  furnished  at  this  office  if  re- 
quired, also  full  and  complete  documentary 
proof  of  the  details  herein  stated.  The  ore 
taken  to   the   mill   was  such  as  is  usually 


milled  from  the  lode  in  question,  and  was 
in  amount  140  tons.  The  mill  is  the  ordi- 
nary stamp  mill  of  Gilpin  county,  battery 
amalgamation  and  amalgamated  copper- 
plates in  good  working  order,  and  managed 
as  is  usual,  in  like  milling  establishments; 
the  treatment  by  milling  and  the  plates 
returned  80%  ounces,  a  little  over  4  ounces 
per  cord.  The  owner  of  the  ore  required 
blankets  to  be  used  after  the  plates,  and  in 
this  way  stopped  10%  tons  tailings  —  very 
nearly  10  per  cent.  The  blanketings  were 
sampled, assayed  and  sold.  The  assayer  val- 
ued their  contents  at  5  ounces  in  gold  and 
11  ounces  in  silver,  per  ton.  After  the 
blankets,  the  flow  was  again  settled  and 
roughly  buddled,  securing  45  tons  of  sec- 
ond tailings.  These  were  sampled  and 
assayed,  yielding  a  value  of  3  oz.  in  gold 
and  9  oz.  in  silver  per  ton.  A  little  over 
40  per  cent,  of  the  whole  mass  of  ore  was 
thus  re-worked.  Now  for  the  figures, 
estimating  gold  at  $20  per  oz.  and  Bilver  at 
$1.30  per  oz.: 

Yield  by  stamp  mill,  80%  oz.  @  $20 $1,610  00 

Value  of  blanket  tailings  13%  tons  6  oz.  G. — 

07%  oz.,  at  $20 1,350  00 

13%  tons,  9  oz.  S.— 148%  oz.  @  $1  30 193  00 

45  tons  tailings  3%  oz.— 157%  @  $20 3,150  00 

45  tons  tailings,  9  oz.  silver — 405  @  $1  30 546  00 

Total  value  of  ore $6,849  00 

Average  value  per  ton,  nearly $49  00 

Saved  by  mill  process 11  00 

Loss  by  milling  process $37  25 

Not  quite  24  per  cent,  of  the  value  of 
the  ore  was  obtained  by  the  milling 
process. 

The  blanketing  and  stoppage  of  the  tail- 
ings was  not  a  part  of  the  milling  process, 
so  called,  and  if  the  owner  of  the  ore  had 
not  attended  to  this  himself,  the  milling 
would  have  brought  him  in  debt.  A  part  of 
the  same  ore  was  taken  to  another  mill 
previously,  where  the  owner  did  not  super- 
vise the  running  and  save  the  tailings,  all 
of  which  went  their  way  down  the  stream. 
That  lot  brought  the  owner  of  the  ore  in 
debt  to  the  mill  man. 

Again  Mr.  Baker  says: 
Assays  of  45  samples  of  tailings  went $27.58 

*'      "  23       "        "  blanket  washings $59.23 

"      "38      "        "dreBSBd  " $42.90 

So  much  for  the  assay  of  tailings ;  while 
the  average  per  ton  of  120,000  tons  of  ore  as 
worked  is  estimated  at  eleven  dollars  and 
fifty  cents  per  ton,  seventy  per  cent, 
of  the  ,  120,000  tons  went  into  tailings; 
hence,  84,000  tons  of  tailings.  These  be- 
ing worth  $20  per  ton,  (a  concession  of 
$7.86  from  average  assay,)  we  have 
$1,680,000  representing  the  loss  by  milling; 
an  amount  greater  than  the  gross  yield  of 
bullion  shipped,  by  $300,000.  In  other 
words,  the  methods  used  in  Gilpin  county 
treat  ores  worth  $3,000,000  to  obtain 
$1,378,000,  and  waste  $1,500,000. 

From  the  various  methods  of  calcula- 
tion we  have  taken,  all  undesignedly  reach- 
ing about  the  same  result;  from  the  great 
number  of  instances  where  a  great  waste 
can  be  proved  by  figures,  the  data  given; 
from  the  constant  repetition  of  the  fact, 
that  the  mills  do  not  get  50  per  cent,  of 
the  metal;  and  the  evil  results  of  a  bad 
system,  or  systems,  are  apparent  to  every 
one,  and  a  subject  of  chronic  complaint. 
Seeing  this,  it  became  a  duty  to  arouse  at- 
tention, and  if  possible,  point  out  defects. 
In  doing  this,  or  after  it  is  done,  it  is  very 
naturally  asked,  "  well,  what  course  ought 
to  be  adopted;  what  kind  of  machinery,  or 
upon  what  system  or  programme  shall  we 
work  our  ores?" 

Nevada, 

My  observations  in  these  articles  show 
the  percentage  of  the  better  class  of  mills, 
still  I  have  thefollowing  add: 

"  We  have  had  repeated  assays  by  exper- 
ienced men  with  the  following  average 
results:  Gold  $54,  silver  $20— $74;  and 
on  account  of  fineness  of  gold  cannot  get 
to  exceed  $24  per  ton." 

"  We  have  ores  which  contain  from  $60 
to  $90  in  gold  and  $5  to  $25  in  silver,  and 
get  from  20  to  50  per  cent." 

"  There  is  a  great  quantity  of  gold  in 
some  of  these  mines  that  cannot  be  saved 
by  pan  amalgamation." 

{To  be  continued.) 


A  Hint  to  California  Engineers. 

Eds.  Press: — From  reading  the  article 
in  the  Scientific  Press  of  Jan.  17th, 
about  the  successful  and  increasing  use  of 
asbestos  for  packing,  I  am  desirous  of 
seeing  its  application  to  engines  on  this 
coast  tested.  The  material  is  abundant  in 
various  parts  of  this  coast,  and  could 
probably  be  furnished  in  San  Francisco 
cheaper  than  in  any  other  large  city  in  the 
world.  Who  will  be  the  pioneer  in  pre- 
paring for  use  and  giving  it  a  thorough  trial 
here,  and  report  the  same  in  your  columns? 
Please  insert  this  and  oblige  a  friend  of 
Progress. 


February  24,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


121 


Travis  and  Wagner's  Portable  Mill. 

Our  illustration  represents  a  portable 
mill  in  a  convenient  form,  for  grinding 
either  quartz  or  grain.  There  are  two 
burr  stones,  the  nppcr  one  of  which  is  sta- 
tionary and  the  lower  one  arranged  so  that 
it  may  be  raised  or  lowered  by  means  of 
a  convenient  screw  so  as  to  meet  the  npper 
stone  and  grind  either  coarse  or  fine.  As 
the  stones  wear  away  the  screw  raises  the 
lower  one  as  far  as  required,  and  when  its 
length  will  no  longer  admit,  a  set  of  screws 
are  loosened  above  and  the  npper  stone 
is  lowered  to  meet  the  lower  one.  Tho 
stone  is  raised  tby  a  perpendioular  lift  by 
means  of  a  lever  attached  to  a  screw. 

It  can  bo  regnlatednt  will  so  as  to  admit  of 
grinding  quartz,  grain,  spices,  etc.,  fine 
or  ooarse.  The  Belf-foeding  apparatus  is 
arranged  so  that  every  revolution  of  the 
stone  shakos  the  feeding  shoe  twice.  The 
oil  bush  holds  sufficient  oil  so  that  it  will 
lubricate  the  shaft  for  threo  months  with- 
out renewal.  Tho  hopper  may  bo  regula- 
ted to  feed  fast  or  slow  as  required. 

Different  sizes  of  this  mill  are  mado  and 
will  bo  fonnd  convenient  either  around  a 
quartz  mill  or  upon   a  farm.     Those   in- 


Travis  and  Wagner's  Portable   Mill. 

tended  for  grinding  quartz  are  made  with 
very  hard  stones  so  as  to  ensure  durability. 
The  mills  are  manufactured  by  Travis  & 
Wagner,  who  may  be  addressed  at  No.  il 
First  street,  in  this  City. 

California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

The  California  Academy  of  Sciences  held 
their  regular  meeting  on  the  19th  inst., 
President  Heuston  in  the  chair.  Oliver  El- 
dridge,  Mayor  William  Alvord,  Samuel  M. 
Wilson,  F.  W.  Van  Reynegorn,  Balph  C. 
Harrison,  George  E.  Page  and  A.  T. 
Chambers  were  elected  to  membership. 
Rudolph  Gottgetren,  Professor  of  the 
Polytechnic  Institute,  Munich,  Bavaria, 
was  elected  a  corresponding  member. 

Questions  for  Discussion. 

Dr.  A  Kellogg  of  the  Committee  on 
Questions  for  Discussion  submitted  the 
following  questions: 

First— Do  serolities  fall  chiefly  in  the 
path  of  the  ecliptic  or  magnetic  path — that 
is,  22  degrees  30  minutes  on  either  side  of 
the  poles  of  the  earth,  and  what  is  their 
origin  ? 

Second — Have  the  remains  of  tropical 
production  in  Arctic  climes  any  bearing 
upon  the  geological  phenomenon  of  the 
procession  of  the  equinoxes. 

Third— Is  the  restless  desire  from  age  to 
age  for  more  facts  characteristic  of  those 
who  are  unable  to  reason  from  principles 
to  causes,  and  would  any  amount  of  chaotic 
facts  be  sufficient  for  such  persons  ? 

Dr.  Gibbons  proposed  the  following:  Can 
the  climate  of  California  be  altered  sensi- 
bly by  changes  of  the  earth's  surface,  by 
cultivation  and  otherwise  ? 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Hewston  the  selection 
of  a  question  was  deferred  until  the  next 
meeting. 

Donations. 

A  number  of  donations  to  the  cabinet  were 
received,  among  them  the  first  piece  of  cast 
steel  manufactured  on  this  coast  and  a  mat 
or  sack  of  a  species  of  pepper- wort  root  from 
the  Sandwich  Islands.  Dr.  Stontpresent- 
ed  two  works  on  California  by  a  German  au- 
thor and  commented  upon  them,  saying  that 
the  author  greatly  deprecates  the  whole- 
sale destruction  of  our  magnificent  forests. 
Dr.  Stout  as  one  of  the  special  committee 
on  publications  and  transactions  of  foreign 
ssociations,    submitted  a   report  showing 


a  list  of  the  contributions  received  from 
them  and  noticing  especially  the  valuable 
geological  maps  of  Sweden.  A  resolution 
was  passed  to  send  in  return  the  geologi- 
cal maps  of  this  State. 

Slafe  Aid. 
A  motion  that  a  committee  of  three  be 
appointed  to  draft  a  bill  soliciting  State 
aid  to  enable  the  Academy  to  erect  a  suita- 
ble building,  was  referred  to  the  Trustees. 
A  resolution  providing  that  the  Trustees 
be  required  to  forward  a  petition  to  the 
Legislature,  praying  for  a  continuation  of 
the  State  Geological  Survey  as  at  present 
constituted  was  carried  unanimously. 

Man's  Place  in  Nature. 

Tho  minds  of  many  men   aro   confused 
on  this  question.     One  reason   for  this  is, 
the  fact  that  they  start  out  on  wrong  Prin- 
ze I- 


ciples.  They  go  on  the  supposition  that 
man  is  simply  a  developed  animal,  where- 
as, in  fact,  he  is  a  created  human  being. 
"In  the  image  of  God  created  he  him." 
These  secular  philosophers, '. such  as  Owen, 
Darwin,  Huxley,  and  others,  fail  to  com- 
prehend this  grand  fact;  nor  do  they  seem 
to  understand  where  to  draw  the  line  be- 
tween man  and  animals — between  instinct 
and  reason.  Phrenology  explains  this 
whole  matter.  Man  has  a  three-fold  na- 
ture, and,  for  the  sake  of  illustration,  we 
may  say  the  brain  is  like  a  three-story 
house.  The  lower  story,  including  the 
cellar  and  kitchen,  where  the  eatables  and 
drinkables  are  supposed  to  be  stored,  an- 
swers to  the  animal  propensities  and  the 
instincts.  Here  are  located  the  organs  of 
appetite,  the  sight,  hearing,  taste,  smell, — 
indeed,  all  the  senses,  including  the  do- 
mestic affections,  the  procreatiye  princi- 
ple, common  to  reptile,  animal  and  man. 
The  second  story  of  this  house,  or  brain,  is 
Fig.  II. 


occupied  with  a  class  of  faculties  not  pos- 
sessed by  the  animal,  and  here  is  where 
the  line  may  be  drawn  between  instinct 
and  reason,  man  having  both,  while  the 
animal  has  but  one.  Here  in  this  second 
story  is  reason,  causalty,  comparison,  in- 
vention, with  other  powers  not  possessed 
by  animals,  but  constituting  necessary  and 
ever-present  powers  of  man. 

Now,  let  us  move  up  one  story  higher. 
What  do  we  find  here  1  Furniture  and  ap- 
purtenances totally  above  the  reach  or  com- 
prehension of  any  animal."  We  have  Be- 
nevolence, which  no  animal  ever  possessed: 
we  have  Conscientiousness,  a  sense  of  jus- 
tice on  which  integrity  is  based,  never 
manifested  by  any  animal;  we  have  the 
faculty  of  Hope,  which  gives  man  a  sense 
of  immortality;  we  have  faith,  which  gives 
him  a  spiritual  sense  or  a  prophetic  fore- 
cast of  the  higher  life,  of  that  which  is  be- 
yond the  reach  even  of  reason;  we  have 
Veneration,  which  gives  devotion,  and  in- 
clines man  to  acknowledge  his  obligation 
to  obey  the  superior  or  creative  Power,  and 


render  homage  to  his  Maker,  and  be  sub- 
missive to  do  his  will.  Man  prays  !  The 
lowTer  animals  recognize  no  superior,  ex- 
cept after  a  trial  of  strength.  These  traits 
make  man  a  different  being  from  any  of  the 
animal  kingdom— the  cronwing  work  of 
creation. 

And  this  is  "  man's  place  in  nature." 
Between  man  and  animal  thero  is  a  marked 
separation  with  no  connecting  links.  Ex- 
amine the  heads,  even  the  naked  skulls  of 
reptile,  beast,  bird,  and  man,  and  the 
whole  thing  is  as  simple  as  it  is  absolute. 
Then  why  puzzle  over  tho  question  of 
man's  descent,  or,  rather,  ascent,  from 
plant  to  beast,  and  from  beast  to  human  ? 
Why  not  take  these  basic  principles  of 
Anatomy  Phrenology  and  Psychology,  and 
settle  the  question  on  these  ?  It  will  come 
to  this  at  last.  The  three-fold  nature  of 
man  we  have  often  discussed,  and  now 
propose  to  illustrate  it,  viz.,  the  animal  or 
instinctive,  the  intellectual  or  reasoning, 
and  tho  moral  or  spiritual  natures.  In  Fig. 
1  these  three  ranges  of  powers  are  indi- 
cated. In  region  No.  1,  below  the  first 
line,  the  organs  in  the  base  of  the  brain 
are  Bhown.  Those  are  common  to  man  and 
the  lower  animals.  This  region  takes  in 
the  perceptive  intellect,  the  passions,  pro- 
pensities, and  such  of  the  social  organs  as 
belong  to  animal  life.  That  region  may 
be  called  the  animal  brain,  located  in  the 
lower  story  of  the  head.  Rising  one  step 
to  region  No.  2,  we  have  the  great  reason- 
ing or  intellectual  field,  which  the  animal 
does  not  share  with  man.  In  region  No.  3 
we  have  the  moral  and  spiritual,  whioh  is 
entirely  wanting  in  all  tho  animal  king- 
dom.   These  occupy  equal  proportions  in 

Pig.  III. 


the  well-balanced  head.  In  Fig.  2  we  ex 
hibit  the  skull  of  a  human  being,  with  the 
three  regions  indicated  by  dotted  lines  and 
marked  by  numbers.  The  moral  and  spir- 
itual region  is  not  quite  so  well  developed 
in  the  skull,  Fig.  2,  as  in  the  head,  Fig.  1. 
but  it  answers  all  the  purposes  of  illustra 
tion. 

Fig.  3  is  the  gorilla's  skull.  Its  shaded 
outline  shows  the  immense  jaws  and  face, 
and  the  small  bulb  constituting  the  cran- 
ium. The  brain  is  not  larger  than  that  of 
an  infanta  week  old.  We  draw  the  same  three 
lines,  showingthe  regions  as  we  show  them 
in  the  human  head.  Region  No.  1,  it  will 
be  seen,  contains  almost  the  entire  brain, 
showing  that  the  gorilla  has  only  the  ani- 
mal passions  and  instincts.  We  have  drawn 
a  dotted  outline  of  a  human  head  over  the 
gorilla's,  showing  what  the  gorilla  lacks  in 
development  upward.  Although  he  is 
larger  than  man,  bodily,  he  has  a  small 
brain,  and  nearly  all  the  brain  he  has-is 
losated  in  the  animal  or  instinctive  depart- 
ments. Region  No.  2  is  practically  want- 
ing. Region  No.  3,  as  will  be  see"n,  is 
wholly  wanting.  If  the  head  were  devel- 
oped according  to  the  dotted  outline,  and 
the  face  were  shortened  off  like  that  of  a 
human  being,  and  the  prodigious  jaws 
were  more  light  and  delicate,  it  would  look 
like  a  human  head,  and  with  such  a  devel- 
opment would  have  the  human  faculties  to 
guide,  regulate,  and  control  his  immense 
physical  force.  But  the  gorilla  is  a  beast, 
and  only  a  beast,  with  a  beast's  brain  and 
face;  and  though  tho  outline  of  the  body 
has  some  analogy  to  that  of  the  human, 
the  mental  qualities  which  constitute  hu- 
man nature  strictly  speaking  are,  in  him, 
entirely  wanting.  Those  teeth  are  quite 
as  savage  and  beastly  as  those  of  the  bear, 
and  the  brain  is  shaped  like  that  of  a  dog, 
with  decidedly  less  of  intelligence  in  the 
development  of  the  brain,  and  far  less  of 
it  in  character.  The  advocates  of  the  de- 
velopment theory  make  altogether  too 
wide  a  leap  from  monkey  to  man.  They 
pass  many  animals  in  that  leap  which  in 
point  of  intelligence  are  quite  in  advance 
of  the  whole  ape  tribe. — From  the  Annual 
for  1871. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained 
through  Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press 
American  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the 
following  are  worthy  of  mention: 

New  Material  for  Papkb  Stock. — 
S.  D.  Baldwin,  Marysville,  Cal.  This  patent 
claim  is  for  the  use  of  Scirpus  Lacustris 
(or  common  tule)  for  the  manufacture 
of  printing,  wrapping  and  other  grades 
of  paper.  Mr.  B.  has  for  some  considerable 
time  had  experiments  going  on  here  and 
in  the  East,  and  has  finally  succeeded  in 
establishing  the  fact  that  the  native  tule, 
which  grows  so  abundant,  in  almost  end- 
less tracts  of  cheap  swamp  lands  in  Cali- 
fornia, can  bo  economically  manufactured 
into  first-class  papers.  We  see  no  reason 
why  it  cannot  be  gathered,  and  with  very 
little  preparation  pressed  into  bales  for 
shipment  to  the  principal  paper  manufac- 
turing countries,  there  being  supply  suf- 
ficent  for  the  world.  Although  no  con- 
siderable quantity  of  paper  has  yet  been 
mode  of  this  material,  we  have  no  doubt 
of  its  value,  and  hope  soon  to  learn  of  ex- 
tensive arrangements  being  made  at  some 
convenient  point  in  this  State  for  prepar- 
ing the  raw  material  for  shipment  abroad, 
and  for  use  at  home.  There  seems  to  be 
no  good  reason  why  it  should  not  stimu- 
late a  much  neglected  manufacturing  in- 
dustry on  this  Coast,  i.  e.,  paper  making. 
We  hope  Mr.  Baldwin  will  succeed  in 
making  this  useful  and  abundant  material 
more  widely  known  and  estab- 
lish it  as  one  of  our  State  ex- 
ports. 

Raisins  Tailings. — Wilford  A. 
Rogers,  Folsom,  Cal.  This  in- 
vention relates  to  a  method  for 
elevating  tailings  and  dirt  from 
placer  diggings  when  the  claim 
is  situated  lower  than  the  sur- 
rounding ground,  and  it  consists 
of  a  slightly  declining  Bluice  box, 
into  which  the  dirt  is  thrown  and 
carried  to  the  lower  end  by  a  cur- 
rent of  water.  At  this  point  the 
box  enters  the  lower  end  of  an- 
other close  box  which  inclines 
sharply  upward  so  that  its  outer 
end  extends  to  the  surface  of  the 
surrounding  ground.  One  o  r 
more  nozzles  enter  this  box  at  dif- 
ferent points  near  the  bottom  and 
point  in  the  direction  of  its  outlet. 
A  strong  current  of  water  passes  through 
these  pipes  and  by  its  momentum  carries 
tailings  up  to  the  surface  of  the  ground,  the 
the  action  being  similar  to  that  of  a  Gif- 
fard  injector. 

A  Photographing  Invention.  —  The 
Morning  Call  mentions  one  of  the  import- 
ant inventions  for  which  patent  claims 
have  recently  been  made  through  our 
Sotentefio  Press  agency,  as  follows: 

"  Mr.  H.  W.  Vaughan,  the  well  known 
photographer  of  this  city,  has  just  invent- 
ed a  little  apparatus  which,  it  strikes  us, 
will  be  found  especially  useful  in  taking 
the  pictures  of  children,  as  it  dispenses 
with  the  great  black  cloth  with  which  the 
tube  of  the  camera  is  covered,  and  the  re- 
moval and  replacement  of  which,  while 
the  picture  is  being  taken,  tends  to  im- 
pair the  result,  by  distracting  the  atten- 
tention  of  the  sitter.  Instead  of  the  cloth 
or  brass  cap  which  covers  the  tube  of  the 
camera,  Mr.  Vaughan  employs  a  disk  of 
brass  or  other  metal,  consisting  of  two 
semi-lunar  portions,  which  open  and  close 
like  the  blades  of  a  of  pair  scissors,  and  thus 
open  or  close  the  tube  of  the  camera. 
They  are  worked  noiselessly  and  instanta- 
neously by  the  slight  pressure  of  a  little 
knob  on  the  top  of  the  instrument,  and  the 
plate  is  exposed  and  closed  again  without 
any  manipulations  that  can  be  seen  by  the 
sitter.  By  this  means  the  operator  waits 
until  the  child  assumes  a  favorable  express- 
ion, when  he  presses  the  spring,  exposes 
the  plate,  and  takes  the  picture  without 
making  any  motion  that  attracts  the  atten- 
tion or  causes  a  motion  of  his  sitter.  Like 
all  useful  inventions,  this  is  exceedingly 
simple,  and  may  be  attached  to  any  photo- 
graphic camera." 

The  Vulcan  Iron  Works. — We  are 
pleased  to  learn  that  operations  will  be 
resumed  at  these  works  about  the  middle 
of  next  month,  under  a  new  and  efficient 
organization,  at  which  time  the  managers 
will  be  ready  to  receive  and  serve  their 
old  customers  and  friends. 


122 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  24, 1872. 


Domestic   kconomy. 


The  Art  of  Folding  Linen. 

Though  washing  machines,  wringers, 
and  various  new  kinds  of  soaps  have 
greatly  lessened  the  labor  of  washing, 
nothing  has  yet  come  into  general  use 
which  does  away  with  the  old-fashioned 
laborious  system  of  ironing.  There  may 
be  mangles  and  things  of  ,that  sort,  which 
lesson  the  labor,  but  they  are  not  common. 
To  be  able  to  iron  nicely  is  a  great  accom- 
plishment, and  every  young  lady  should 
know  something  of  it.  The  wheel  of  for- 
tune is  so  constantly  turning,  that  even 
the  highest  cannot  tell  how  soon  she  may 
be  glad  of  a  little  household  skill  in  the 
matter.  However  neatly  a  garment  may 
be  ironed,  the  effect  is  spoiled  if  it  is  not 
also  neatly  folded.  Teach  the  little  girls 
this  in  their  first  attempts  at  ironing,  and 
they  will  remember  it  all  their  lives.  Let 
the  hems  of  handkerchiefs,  pillow  eases, 
and  the  like,  be  brought  together  with 
mathematical  nicety,  and  then  the  folds 
carefully  pressed  down. 

The  old  town  of  Anjou  was  once  most  re- 
markable for  its  folding  of  linen.  It 
seems  a  little  thing  to  distinguish  a  place, 
but  one  who  had  once  witnessed  a  display 
of  the  grand  old  cabinets  of  its  spacious 
mansions,  would  be  likely  to  remember  it 
ever  afterwards. 

It  was  a  great  pride  of  a  housekeeper  in 
such  an  establishment  to  throw  open  her 
great  presses  and  reveal  the  curious  con- 
tents. Here  would  be  an  immense  sheet 
of  heavy  linen,  shaped  like  a  drinking 
trough.  Around  it  would  be  four  and 
twenty  sheep  fashioned  from  other  linen 
articles,  all  with  bowed  heads  as  if  drink- 
ing. At  the  head  stood  a  tall  shepherd 
folded  from  some  other  garment.  Wind- 
mills, abbeys,  towers  and  castles  are  very- 
common,  not  to  speak  of  the  lesser  arti- 
cles as  napkins  and  the  like,  which  are 
folded  into  beautiful  shapes  of  lilies 
roses  and  other  flowers. — Country  Gentle- 
man.        

To  Make  Gbavy  That  Will  Keep  Sev- 
eral Days. — Lay  in  a  stew-pan  or  suitable 
vessel  half  a  pound  of  lean,  juicy,  fresh 
meat  of  the  poorest  pieces  or  trimmings  ; 
over  this  put  half  a  pound  of  pickle  pork, 
or  a  little  less  bacon  of  the  side  meat. 
Cut  up  two  medium-sized  onions  and  a  few 
Bprigs  of  parsley.  Pour  into  the  vessel  a 
tumblerful  of  boiling  water  (not  more 
than  this  ;)  cover  the  vessel,  and  let  the 
meat  slew,  turning  it  once,  until  it  is  a 
rich  brown  color;  then  pour  in  boiling 
water  enough,  to  just  cover  it;  let  it  sim- 
mer an  hour;  remove  the  meat;  thicken 
the  gravy  slightly  with  a  paste  made  of 
brown  flour  and  water;  let  that  simmer 
half  an  hour;  add  any  essense  of  ham  or 
good  gravy  that  may  be  saved  for  such 
purposes.  Put  in  an  earthen  vessel  well 
covered,  and  exclude  from  the  air.  Warm 
it  before  serving;  season  with  any  catsup 
liked.  '  For  making  all  brown  gravies,  fry 
the  meat  first,  and  pour  over  hot  broth, 
gravy,  or  water;  use  the  browned  sugar 
or  flour  for  coloring  the  thickening. 
Kidneys,  livers,  necks  of  poultry,  the 
scraggy  parts  of  the  necks  of  animals, 
may  be  used  for  making  the  stock  for 
gravy. — Prairie  Farmer. 

Sausage  Seasoning. — "As  hog-killing 
time"  is  now  at  hand  perhaps  the  following 
directions  for  seasoning  sausages,  taken 
from  a  correspondent  of  the  'Sural  New 
Yorker,  may  not  come  amiss:  Take  fifty 
pounds  of  meat,  pass  it  through  a  meat 
cutter,  spread  it  out  in  any  convenient 
vessel,  then  weigh  out  ten  ounces  of  salt, 
four  ounces  of  pepper,  and  five  of  sage,  pul- 
verized; sprinkle  this  over  your  meat  and 
then  mix  it  in  a  little;  then  pass  it 
through  your  cutter,  and  all  is  right. 
Then  put  up  as  you  choose;  or,  if  you 
wish,  you  may  use  summer  savory,  or  you 
may  transpose  the  pepper  and  sage,  ac- 
cording to  quantity.  I  have  used  this 
formula  twenty  years,  and  wish  no  other. 
I  suppose  any  novice  will  know  that  this 
preparation  will  answer  for  a  greater  or 
lesser  quantity.  If  any  Jone  has  a  better 
recipe  let  them  give  it. 

Bops. — One  pint  of  milk,  three  eggs, 
one  spoonful  of  butter,  four  spoonfuls  of 
flour,  mix  them  well  together  and  bake  in 
plates,  and  in  a  quick  oven.  They  ought 
to  be  buttered  while  hot,  and  put  one 
above  another,  before  sent  in. 

Stepping  on  Chaiks. — Never  step  on  a 
chair  without  first  placing  a  newspaper  on 
it.    The  trouble  is  slight  and  the  saving 

13  great 


Sybup  of  Cofkee. — This  preparation  is 
of  great  use  to  those  who  have  long  jour- 
neys to  make.  Take  half  a  pound  of  the 
best  ground  coffee;  put  it  into  a  saucepan, 
containing  three  pints  of  water,  and  boil 
it  down  to  one  pint.  Cool  the  liquor,  put 
it  into  another  sauoepan,  well  scoured,  and 
boil  it  again.  As  it  boils,  add  white  sugar 
enough  to  give  it  the  consistency  of  syrup. 
Take  it  from  the  fire,  and  when  it  is  cold 
put  it  into  a  bottle  and  seal.  When  trav- 
eling, if  you  wish  for  a  cup  of  good  coffee, 
you  have  only  to  put  two  teaspoonfuls  of 
the  syrup  into  an  ordinary  coffee-pot,  and 
fill  with  boiling  water.  Add  milk  to  taste, 
if  you  can  get  it. 

Cooking  Babbits. — Many  people  ad- 
mire rabbit  roasted  whole,  except  the  head. 
This  is  best  stuffed.  While  roasting  bathe 
frequently  with  butter,  dredge  it  with 
flour,  and  manage  as  with  any  other  roast. 
The  head  and  liver  may  be  boiled.  Split 
the  head,  take  out  the  brains,  mash  them 
with  the  liver  and  add  to  the  gravy.  Wine 
and  jelly  are  liked  by  some  people  in  the 
gravy.  Keep  the  rabbit  in  weak  salt  and 
water  at  least  twelve  hours,  if  the  weather 
will  permit  before  cooking.  We  prefer 
rabbit  stewed.    It  is  a  daintier  dish? 


Mechanical  Hints. 


The  Length  of  Sash- weights. — The  fol- 
lowing table,  taken  from  Leffel's  Mechani- 
cal News,  will  be  found  useful  in  the  mak- 
ing of  sash  weights,  which,  of  course, 
must  balance  accurately  the  weight  of  the 
sash.  The  first  column  of  figures  indicates 
the  diameter  of  the  round  weight  or  the 
length  of  one  side  of  the  square  weight, 
in  inches  and  fractional  parts  of  an  inch. 
The  other  two  columns  are  sufficiently  ex- 
plained in  the  head-lines.  Windows  of 
dwelling-houses  and  all  olasses  of  public 
buildings  are  now  so  generally  made  with 
box  frames  for  the  reception  of  weights 
and  pulleys,  that  the  manufacture  of  the 
weights  is  quite  an  important  branch  of  in- 
dustry. It  is  a  very  troublesome  one  in 
some  cases,  especially  where  a  job  of  this 
kind  is  only  occasionally  called  for,  and 
the  workman  is  obliged  to  make  an  intri- 
cate calculation  for  each  new  size  of  weight 
required. 


LENGTH  OF  1  LB.  IN 
INCHES. 


Round 
iron. 

19.67 
12.63 
8.69 
6.41 
4.U 
8.87 
3.13 
2.58 
2.17 
1.85 
1.59 
1.39 
1.22 
1.08 


Square 
iron. 


6.85 

6.02 

3.84 

3.03 

2.45 

2.03 

1.70 

1.45 

1.25 

1.09 

.96 

.85 

.76 


a 

LENGTH  OP  1  LB.  IN 

i 

INCHES. 

% 

Round 

Square 

0 

iron. 

icon. 

">■% 

.86 

.68 

IV, 

.78 

.60 

'>■% 

.70 

.55 

2'4f 

.64 

.50 

'>■', 

.69 

.46 

3 

.54 

.42 

3'. 

.60 

.39.3 

34! 

.46 

.36 

»\ 

.42 

.33 

3M 

.39 

.31 

H% 

.37 

.29 

3« 

.34 

.27 

3'tS 

.32 

.26 

i 

.30 

.24 

To  obtain  the  length  of  the  weight,  it  is 
only  necessary  to  multiply  the  length  of 
one  pound  in  inches  by  the  number  of 
pounds  which  the  weight  is  to  balance. 

Stone  Cement. — Hydrated  silica  com- 
bines much  easier  with  bases  than  common 
quartz-sand,  (anhydrous  silica) .  On  this 
Professor  Eoettger  has  based  the  employ- 
ment of  infusorial  earth,  a  white  pulveru- 
lent mass,  which  occurs  in  various  locali- 
ties in  Europe  and  in  this  country,  in  large 
masses,  as  the  binding  ingredient  of  an  ex- 
cellent cement  for  stone-work.  He  mixes 
equal  parts  of  infusorial  earth  and  oxide 
of  lead  (litharge)  with  one-half  the  quanti- 
ty of  hydrate  of  calcia  (freshly  slacked 
lime)  and  linseed-oil  varnish  to  a  homo- 
geneous thick  paste,  and  obtains  a  mass  of 
extraordinarily  great  binding  power,  which 
after  some  time  assumes  the  hardness  of 
common  sandstone.  This  cement  is  appli- 
cable in  all  cases  where  iron  is  to  be  fas- 
tened in  stone,  where  artistic  stone  work, 
such  as  fountains,  vases,  statuary,  etc.,  is 
to  be  mended;  in  short,  where  small  quan- 
tities of  the  binding  material  are  required. 
For  the  more  common  uses  of  the  mason 
and  stone-outter,  this  cement  is,  of  course 
too  dear  to  permit  of  extended  application. 

Large  Casting.  —  An  immense  anvil 
blook,  weighing  some  sixty  tons  was  re- 
cently cast  at  the  Washington  Navy  Yard. 
This  is  said  to  be  the  largest  iron  casting 
ever  made  in  the  United  States. 


Joy  is  one  of  the  greatest  panaceas  of 
life.  No  joy  is  more  healthful  or  better 
calculated  to  prolong  life  than  that  which 
is  to  be  found  in  domestic  happiness  in 
the  oompany  of  good  and  cheerful  men, 
and  in  contemplating  with  delight  the 
beauties  of  nature. 


The  C-Spring   Roller  Skate. 

PATEHTED    18fl. 


Rights  and  Skates  for  Sale. 

This  superior  Skate  is  now  beginning  to  attract  the 
attention  of  Rink  Owners,  it  being  the  only  Cramping 
Skate  no-w  before  the  public  (except  the  Plympton  Skate) 
that  can  run  without  infringing  a  former  patent. 

This  Skate  is  Positively  no  Infringement 
Of  anybody's  patent.  It  is  made  in  the  most  substantial 
and  workmanlike  manner,  and  possesses  the  following 
points  of  merit:  Beauty,  Elasticity,  Ease  of  Movement, 
Strength,  Lightness,  and  does  not  injure  the  skating 
floor  as  much  as  the  ordinary  skate. 

Every  pair  Warranted  to  be  just  what  it  is  represent- 
ed.   Parties  intending  to 

START   A.    RIIVIC, 

Should  examine  and  test  this  Skate.    Sample  pairs  sent 

0.  O.  D.  on  application. 

In  ordering  samples  state  the  number  of  boot  or  shoe 
worn,  and  whether  for  lady  or  gentleman. 

fly  For  City,  County  or  Rink  Rights,  caU  on  or  ad- 
dress W LESTER   &    CO., 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  street  (under  Grand  Hotel) , 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Important    to    Miners. 

FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current    and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold"  and  Floating  Quiclcsilver. 

For  pariiculars  address 
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COMPANY, 

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Patent  Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  lire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

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Buckets. 

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THE    FARMER'S    CUIDE 

To  Scientific  and  Practical  Aginculture, 
By  Henet  Stephens,  F.  R.  S.,  Edinburgh,  and  the  late 
J.  P.  Norton,  Professor  of   Scientific  Agriculture  in 
Yale  College.  New  Haven. 

Two  vols.  Royal  Octavo.  1600  pages  and  numerous 
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THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOVE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe,  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

"WILLIAM    PRIEL,    Manufacturer, 

No.  69  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.    Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.    County  Rights  for  sale. 

10v23-6m 


G-OLD-SAVING 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

•      FOR    MINERS    AND    MILL    MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Plating1' Works,  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 
Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  G.  DENNISTON,  Proprietor. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Uiuivaled. 
e^For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  Bteam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows; 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces,— 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  Is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Sellers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill- men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  sellers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 
San  Francisco. 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPOETEKS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC   GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  614  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces — Improved,  Lined,  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Mufl±es,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifi- 
ers,  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware-a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order, 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bl  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
fl^Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Graius  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGAN'S  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30),  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HALLIDIE,  519  Front  street,  S.  F. 


February  24,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


123 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BROWWe, 

Office,    >'■-     1  B    M..nlK"i'i'i.V  I'.l...   k. 
SU*  F&Aifciaco,  Cix. 


H.    C.    BEJTKETT, 
8T  A  1  I  -.  -r  I  O  I   V  ft. 

Fbipnrt.  and  Mtimatca  made  about  all  department,  of 
Production,  Commerce,  and  Manufacture,  of  the  pacific 
C'oaat.  v.:l  I! 

Spectacles   My  Specialty. 


C.  JimXER,  Optician, 
20S  Montgomery  *tr>*t.  Ku„„  Bluca. 


JOHN    EOAOH,  Optician, 

Ha*  removed  from   633  Montgomery  ■treat  to 

429    Montgomery    Street, 

S.  W.  o  rii-  r  Sacramento. 

Surveying  Imiruincnii  mailc.   repaired  and  aJjuited 


E.  J.   FRASER.    M.   D,, 

SUBQEON, 
No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


N.    P.    LANOLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SAWYER, 

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And  No.  0  Q  St.,  bot.  First  and  8ocond, 


21ViS.tf 


BiOUMXBXa. 


■  I      .AKTLJXO. 


ai5RT   KIMBALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Balers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

&OG  Cluy  .treet*  (southwest  cor.  Sauaome), 
ISvl'Mm  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


SA.1V    FRANCISCO 

COEDA8 E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  aize  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBB9  &  CO.,  Agenti, 

36  611  and  618  Front  street. 


JOSEPH    GILLOTT'S 

STEELPENS. 
Sold  by  ali  Dealm-a  throughoutthe  World. 


J.  F.  PA&ES, 

SEAL      ENGRATER, 

AKD  LETTEB  (ITTtll, 

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Ban  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
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This  Favorite  House  1b  located  on  Jackson  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery;  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.  The  International  Coach  will 
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ternational Hotel,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Hotel 
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F.  E.  WEYGANT  &  H.  0.  PARTRIDGE, 

24v22-3ni  Proprietors. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

l'lOMEK 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


\o.    :M1     RF-illXT    STREET, 
Between  Bush  and  Pino  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
PipeB  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    Sl.V    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BBUNT Cashier, 


BANKING  HOUSE. 

No.  415  California  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 
Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

GRAND,  SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to   Let.  fyyig^jB 

A.    HE-ETHAN, 

[I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
malH-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  SaobaMento. 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM    PUMPS. 

WHAT   IS    SAID    BY   THOSE  WHO   USE  THEM. 


SALKM.  Oregon,  January  16tb,  1972. 
Mebh&A.  BERRY  ±  PLACE.  San  FrancUoo— Gentlemen:  In  answer  to  yonrquery  regarding  tho  working  of  tho  Urge  Blake 
StMin  Pump,  our  company  purchased  of  you,  w»  would  aay  in  all  sincerity  Hint  tho  pump  tW  tsc**tdeJ  *vr  rxpertatfon. 
It  baa  been  in  ate  triiiou  tho  27th  of  September.  1871,  and  haa  thus  far  givon  the  moat  perfect  satisfaction.  It  doos  its  work 
with  ease,  does  not  get  out  of  order,  and  require*  hut  little  or  no  attention  to  run  ii.  It  is  siuri-s,  dcraiile,  and  i-EB- 
ncr  in  its  construction.    We  have  found  U  uutir.'lv  oatisl'actory  and  junt  the  pump  in  every  re»jtert  needed  for  our  work. 

Vuur^,  raspocttnlly,  W.  F.  BOOTUY.  Prea't  Salem  Water  Works. 
PEKERXX  MINK.  Nays  County,  January  IStli.  1872. 
SIijutHS.  BERRY  at  PLACE.  San  FrancUoo— Gentlemen:  The  No.  H.  Blake  Strain  Pump  wo  bought  of  yon  last  fall  is 
doing  good  service.  We  are  having  a  Urge  amount  of  water  to  contend  with  during  this  stormy  weather ;  hut  the  pump 
throws  it  all  out  of  the  main  abaft  (160  feet  deep)  with  perfect  caso,  and  is  only  workiug  from  tiO  to  *0  strokes  a  minute. 
It  is  a  complete  pump  and  no  mistake.  Wo  are  well  satis* fled  with  its  working,  and  if  you  wish  to  use  the  name  of  our 
company,  as  a  rolerouuo,  you  are  at  liberty  to  do  no.    Very  resp'tly,  G  ICO.  FELLOWS,  Supt.  Phcenix  Quicksilver  M.  Co. 

OFFICE  STARR  MILLS.  VALLEJO,  Cal.,  January  13th,  1872. 
Mussns  BERRY  at  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gontlemen :  Wo  arc  pleased  to  nUto  that  the  No.  3  Blake  Pump  purchased 
of  you.  has  constantly  supplied  our  three  boilers  for  the  paat  year,  with  WftU-r  heat  to  abovo  boiling  point  with  one  of 
Armstrong's  Patent  Heaters.    It  has  given  us  uo  trouble  nor  expense,  and  hat)  in  bot  fully  come  up  to  your  recommenda- 
tions. Yours,  Etc.,  STARR  BROS,  it  CAMPBELL. 

i'l  IKE  S.  J.  WO0LEN1CO,  SAN  JOSE,  January  29th.  1872. 
Messrs.  BERRY  4  PLACE,  San  Francisco — Gontlemon:  Wo  hnvy  used  a  No.  Ii  BUko  Steam  Pump  now  for  about  two 
years,  both  as  a  Tank  Pump  and  as  a  Fire  Pump  in  case  of  need:  and  it  has  given  excellent  satisfaction.    Jtiuitttuin 
wry  rt*ptet.  Very  reajtoiit  fully,  K.  F.  PECKHAM,  Prea't  San  Joso  Woolen  Co. 

BELMONT,  Cal.,  February  6th,  1872. 
MEasns.  TREADWELL  A  CO.— Gontlemen;    In  reply  to  your  inquiry  concerning  the  large  Blake  Steam  Pump,  pur- 
chased of  Berry  *  Place,  by  Mr.  Ralston,  I  will  say,  that  it  gives  entire  *itt*f<tetion,  even  working  as  It  now  ia,  whore  no 
other  1'uiilp  could;  for  it  is-ii  jirvx-iif  rix  fret  undrr  icnter,  yet  it  does  its  work  rKltFECTLif. 

Yours,  Etc.,  J.  E.  BUTLER,  Supt.  Water  Works  and  Engineer  at  W.  C.  Ralston'B. 


GILES    11.  CHIT.  JAMBS  H.    HAVEN. 

&RAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

In  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.,  N.  E.  corner  Cali- 
fornia and  Leldesdorff  streets, 
SAN  FRANOICO. 


Hand  Power 


BLAKE'S  PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

TIipss  Pumps  have  been  tested,  and  found  to  bo  indisputably  without  an  equal  wherever  tried.  They  have  been  sold 
it  tho  Pacific  Si  1  hi  now  for  nearly  three  yearn,  and  we  tire  W  uling  every  one  in  uso  may  bo  referred  to;  every  Pump  will 
ipeiik  for  itself.  They  arc  conn  true  ted  in  the  most  ni  tuple  style,  and  built  in  the  most  thorough  manner—  eepcciully  cal- 
culated for  simplicity,  durability  and  power.    Some  of  tho  advantages  of  the  Blake  Pump  may  be  Hummed  upas  follows: 

Mining  and  Fire  purposes;  in 
Uruweries,  Tanneries.  Sugar 
Houses,  Factories,  Mills.  Laun- 
dries, and  as  Boiler  Feeders, 
whereverflteamia  employed.  In 
fact,  wherever  water  or  other 
li'iuiilrt  are  desired  to  be  raised 
in  Urge  or  small  quantities,  or 
against  heavy  or  light  pressure, 
it  ia  the  cheapest  and  best 
Pump  that  can  be  used.  It  is 
ultered  to  the  public  as  the 
most  perfect  independent  steam 
Pump  ever  invented.  Forty 
different  sizCB  are  made,  capa- 
ble of  throwing  from  1,000  to 
200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and 
adapted  to  any  class  of  work 
that  may  be  required.    Every 

fiump  will  be  warranted  to  per- 
oral the  work  required  of  it  by 
the  purchaser,  or  it  may  be  re- 
turned and  the  money  will  be 
cheerfully  reiunded.  The  Blake 
Pump  was  awarded  a  tulver 
Medal  at  the  last  exhibition  of 
at  Sacramento,  as  being  the  best  Bteam  Pump  on  exhibition.    The 

"  ines,  and  will  be 


It  is  positlvo  undor  any  pres- 
sure. May  be  run  slow  or  last 
as  may  be  desired.  Will  dis- 
charge more  water  than  any 
others  of  the  a  ime  dimensions. 
Has  no  leaky  joiuta.  the  su'am 
part  being  cast  in  one  entire 
piece.  The  steam  valve  is  per- 
fectly balanced,  in  uubliioned  at 
each  end.  and  slides  with  tho 
greatest  facility  tuning  no  cam*, 
nor  romptne  ratify  nrmnyemcrtt 
(o  yet  out  of  order.  Will  start  at 
any  point  of  the  stroke,  and  will 
discharge  all  the  water  of  con- 
densation. Tbe  Pump  has  no 
crank  or  fly-wheel,  thereby  sav- 
ing a  considerable  item  of  ex- 
pense to  the  purctntHor,  Havinp 
no  dead  vointt,  it  therefore  needs 
no  watching,  and  is  consequent- 
ly ready  to  start  without  using 
a  starting  bar  or  any  handwork 
whatever.  The  Blake  Pump  is 
extensively  used  on  Railroads 
and  Steamboats,  in  Hotels:  for 
Mechanics'  Institute, SunFranc 
agents  have  recently ' 


—  .1,  and  State  Fan  ui  niitmiiiKinu, ' _..... 

ported  Beveral  of  the  largest-sized   Mining  Pumps   for  water  works,  and  deep 

Pleased  to  refer  parties  to  them;  we  claim  for  it,  that  it  in  the  most  simple  and  durable, and  consequently  the  beat  Steam 
'ump  ever  built.  For  sale  by  TREADWELL  &  CO.,  Machinery  Depot,  old  stand,  corner  of  Market  and  Fremont 
streets,  San  Francisco,  who  will  bo  pleased  to  send  circulars  to  any  address,  or  show  its  advantages  to  parties  oalling  on 
them. 


It  has  no  Cams  or  Rotary  Complex  Valves.    It  has  stood  the  test  wherever  tested. 

IT    IS    SIMPLE,     COMPACT,  DUBABLE,    AND    POWEEFUL. 

•^"Manufactured  by  Geo.  F.  Blake  &  Co.,  Boston,  who  build  and  have  on  hand  a  larger  variety 
of  Steam  Pumps  than  any  other  concern  in  the  country,  embracing  forty  different  sizes,  and 
capable  of  throwing  from  1,000  to  200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and  adapted  to  every  description  of 
work  required.    O^Send  for  circular  and  prices. 

The  largest  stock  in  the  country  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Manufacturers'   Agents,   corner  Market  and  .Front  Streets,   San  Francisco. 
*"E^  Machinery  Depot  for  Miners,  Millmen,  and  Engineers'  Supplies.    Iron  and  Wood  Ma- 
chinery; Portable  Engines;   Mills;   Machinists'  and  Mechanics',  Miners'  and  Farmers'  Tools; 
Sturtevant's  Blowers,  Turbine  Waterwheels,  Etc.,  Etc. 

fiv'21-eoxvbp 


BALDWIN    LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS. 


M.  BAIRD  &  CO.,    Philadelphia, 

MANCFACTUBERS  OF  LOCOMOTIVE  ENGINES, 
Especially  adapted  to  Every  Variety  of  Railroad  Use,  including 

Mining  Engines  and  Locomotives  for  Narrow  Gauge  Railways. 

ALL    'WORK    ACCURATELY    FITTED    TO    GAUGES,    AND    THOROUGHLY    INTERCHANGEABLE. 


Plan,  Materials,  "Workmanship,  Finish  and  Efficiency  Fully  Guaranteed 
M.  BATRD,  CHA3.  T.  PARRY,  TO.  P.  HEN8ZEY, 

GEO.  BDRNHAM  EDWARD  H.  WILLIAMS,  EDWARD  LONGSTRETH. 

I&7"  Williams,  BlanchAiuj  k  Co.,  Agents,  218  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  apl-eow26t 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    BEEVES    &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  BEinaEB,  Viaducts,  Roors,  Eto. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Construction!},  to  their  new 

Album,   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli 
cation  to  our  address,  No.  110  Walnut  Street,  Phila 
delphia.  »p8-ly 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

mff.f.        fEttf.  2  Fig.  3  Tig.  £ 


|     |      | 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueiug  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers*  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  T. 


OVER    300    IN     USE. 

BEST    IN    THE    MARKET. 

Engines,    Pumps,    Etc.,   Manufactured  and 
on  Hand. 

*7"  For  pamphlets  and  testimonials  address 

ROOT  STEAM  ENGINE  CO., 
Twenty-eighth  Street,  corner  Second  Avenue, 
20v22-eo\v-'2Ct  New  York. 


VICR'8 

FLORAL    GUIDE    FOR    1872. 

Over  One  Hundred  Pages, 

Printed  In  Two  Colokb,  on  superb  Tinted  Paper.  Foun 
Hundred  Engravings  of  Flowers,  PlantB  and  Vegeta- 
bles, with  Descriptions,  and 

TWO    COLORED    PLATES. 

Directions  and  plans  for  making  Walks,  Lawns,  Gar- 
dens, etc.  The  handsomest  and  best  FLORAL  GUIDE 
in  the  World.  All  for  Ten  Cents,  to  those  who  think 
of  buying  Seeds,  Not  a  quarter  the  cost.  200,000  sold 
of  1871.    Address  JAMES  VICE, 

22v23  Rochester,  N.Y. 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS.  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  tho  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  ComplalntB,  Salt  Rheum,  and  aU  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cuudu> 
rango  Bark,  from  Loju,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist 
ancti  of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  tbe  mos- 
effective,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circnlar.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  6X1  Cedar 
street,  n  .  Y.  25v23-3m 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  T, 

MICROSCOPES. 

Illustrated   Price  List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticozts. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  Btreet,  New  York. 

3v23-ly 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.  811   CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
8PORTING, 

MINING, 

And    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
Into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  tluys  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY    for   the    superiority    of    our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  alBO  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use, 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

Ifiv20-3m JOHN  F.  LOHSE.  Secretary. 

FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 
MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 


Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 


SHEET    IROIST    PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

fi£7"  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


124 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  24, 1872. 


Commissioner  Drummond's   Circular. 

The  Order  lo  Prevent  Settlement  in  the  Foothills. 

The  letter  of  Instructions  of  Commissioner 
Drummond,  issued  Dec.  2,  1871,  and  to  which 
■we  hriefly  alluded  at  the  time,  is  attracting 
much  attention,  and  is  evidently  calculated  to 
work  a  great  injury  to  the  mining  counties, 
from  the  fact  of  its  tendency  to  discourage 
further  agricultural  settlement  in  the  foothills, 
and  thus  interfere  with  an  important  source  of 
prosperity  which  was  just  beginning  to  be 
opened  up  in  those  counties  under  the  previous 
instructions  of  Commissioner  Wilson.  The 
purport  of  this  letter,  which  has  been  called 
"  An  Order  to  Prevent  Settlement  in  the  Foot- 
hills," is  a  formal  withdrawal  from  disposal, 
under  the  agricultural  land  laws,  of  all  the  lands 
in  83  townships  in  the  foothills  of  Tuolumne, 
Calaveras,  Amador,  El  Dorado,  Sacramento, 
Placer  and  Nevada  counties,  which  townships  are 
especially  designated  as  follows: — 

Township  1  north,  ranges  12,  13  and  14  east. 
Township  2  north,  ranges  11,  12,  13,  14  and  15 
east.  Township  3  north,  ranges  10,  11,  12  and 
13  east.  Township  4  north,  ranges  10,  11,  12 
and  13  east.  Township  5  north,  ranges  10,  11 
and  12  east.  Township  6  north,  ranges  10,  11, 
12  and  13  east.  Township  7  north,  ranges  9, 
10,11  and  12  east.  Township  8  north,  ranges 
9,  10,  11  and  12  east.  Township  9  north, 
ranges  9,  10,  11  and  12  east.  Township  10 
north,  ranges  8,  9,  10,  11  and  12  east.  Town- 
ship 11  north,  ranges  6,  7,  8,  9,  10  and  11  east. 
Township  12  north,  ranges  6,  7,  8,  9,  10  and  11 
east.  Township  13  north,  ranges  6,  7,  8,  9,  10 
and  11  east.  Township  14  north,  ranges  7,  8, 
9,  10,  and  11  east.  Township  15  north,  ranges 
7,  8,  9,  10  and  11  east.  Township  16  north, 
ranges  7,  8,  9,  10,  11,  12,  15,  16  and  17  east. 
Township  17  north,  ranges  16  and  17  east. 
Township  18  north,  ranges  16  and  17  east;  and 
township  19  north,  ranges  19  and  17  east — all 
Mount  Diablo  base  and  meridian. 

The  effect  of  this  order  is  to  require  all  peo- 
ple who  have  settled  or  who  may  hereafter  set- 
tle in  the  foothills  to  apply  to  the  Land  Office, 
advertise  for  thirty  days,  and  have  a  trial,  with 
witnesses,  to  prove  that  the  land  they  may 
claim  is  more  valuable  for  agricultural  than  for 
mining.  If  the  decision  is  in  favor  of  the  set- 
tler, the  fact  is  made  known  at  "Washington, 
and  if  no  contestant  appears  within  a  year  or 
two  he  will  be  allowed  to  "prove  up  "  his 
claim  and  get  his  patent.  The  cost  of  both 
trials  and  advertising  is  thrown  upon  the  set- 
tler, and  will  amount  to  double  the  Government 
price  of  the  land. 

This  order  is  reversing  the  rulings  of  Com- 
missioner Wilson,  who  held  that  all  the  land 
above  described  was  agricultural,  and  threw 
the  cost  of  proving  to  the  contrary  on  the 
miner,  who,  of  course,  is  the  only  one  who  can 
be  expected  to  have  the  proof — his  "diggings  " 
or  quartz  vein  constituting  the  fact  of  its  min- 
eral character.  By  this  decision  the  farmer  is 
in  fact  called  upon  to  prove  a  negative. 

The  reason  for  this  reversal  of  Mr.  "Wilson's 
instructions  are  stated  by  Mr.  Drummond  as 
follows: — 

This  course  has  been  forced  upon  the  De- 
partment by  several  circumstances;  among 
which  may  be  cited  the  fact  that  the  majority 
of  applications  for  mining  titles  from  Califor- 
nia are  for  lands  marked  "agricultural"  upon 
the  official  township  plats;  that  in  making 
these  returns  of  surveys,  large  areas  in  the 
heretofore  reserved  mineral  belt  are  marked  on 
the  plats  as  "agricultural  land,"  while  upon 
the  same  plats,  and  within  the  tracts  so  re- 
turned as  agricultural,  are  annotations  of 
"  quartz  ledges, "  "mining  ditches,"  hydrauc- 
lic  mines,"  "diggings,"  etc., the  plat  thus  con- 
tradicting itself,  and  leaving  this  office  in  the 
dark  as  to  the  true  quality  of  the  land, 

In  a  case  now  pending  before  this  office,  of 
an  application  for  patent  for  a  quicksilver  mine 
— one  which  has  been  worked  for  years — it  was 
found  that  the  land  was  returned  as  "agricul- 
tural, ' '  and,  f  ailing  with  the  limits  of  the  grant, 
was  patented  to  the  Western  Pacific  Kailroad 
Company  before  said  application  was  received. 

The  Commissioner  fears  if  the  rulings  of  Mr. 
Wilson  were  continued  the  mineral  lands  would 
be  indiscriminately  absorbed  by  speculators.  But 
it  is  evident  that  the  land  office  at  Washington 
does  not  fully  understand  this  question  of 
mixed  mineral  and  agricultural  lands,  and  it  is 
unfortunate  for  the  people — our  agricultural 
settlers  in  the  foothills  especially — that  the 
power  held  by  the  General  Government  over 
those  lands,  is  exercised  without  a  full  knowl- 
edge of  all  the  facts. 

Under  these  circumstances  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  Mr.  Sargent,  our  newly  elected  Senator, 
who  fully  understands  all  the  facts  in  the 
case,  and  that  the  prosperity  of  our  mining 
counties  depends  largely  on  the  encourftgment 
of  agriculture  within  their  foothill  limits,  will 
take  this  matter  in  hand,  and,  if  possible,  se- 
cure by  Legislation,  what  it  seems  impossible 


to  effect  by  official  routine.  There  is  really  no 
difficulty  in  the  matter,  -if  our  officials  will  only 
go  honestly  and  intelligently  to  work.  The 
new  order  seems  to  have  no  better  argument  in 
its  favor  than  that  the  Commission  found  some 
difficulty — which  is  simply  misapprehended — 
in  carrying  out  the  old  rulings,  which,  while 
properly  administered,  gave  satisfaction  to  both 
the  agriculturist  and  the  miner,  and  were  con- 
tributing largely  to  tha  development  of  an 
important  but  hitherto  neglected  portion  of 
the  public  lands,  and  the  consequent  prosper- 
ity of  the  counties  in  which  they  were  located. 


Eeview  of  J.  S.  Phillips'  Mining  Booi 
in  the  London  Mining  Journal. 

Practical   Mining    Literature. 

The  want  of  sound  scientific  knowledge 
has  been  much  felt  by  the  miners  employed 
in  developing  the  vast  mineral  resources  of 
the  western  regions  of  the  United  States, 
and  for  this  want  the  work  of  Mr.  J.  S. 
Phillips,  M.  E.,  of  San  Francisco,  will 
prove  an  excellent  remedy.  The  book  is 
written  expressively  for  the  miners  in  the 
districts  mentioned,  and  in  addressing  them 
Mr.  Phillips  remarks  that  the  greatest 
mistakes  in  American  mining  have  been 
caused  by  lack  of  ordinary  prudence  in  a 
comparatively  new  and  most  difficult  busi- 
ness.    *    *    * 

It  is  not  pretended  even  to  give  an  out- 
line of  the  various  sciences  connected  with 
mining,  nor  to  convert  miners  into  scien- 
tific men;  but  Mr.  Phillips  seeks  to  give 
them  sufficient  knowledge  to  enable  them 
to  help  themselves  in  however  unsettled  a 
part  of  Western  America  they  may  be  min- 
ing in;  he  would  teach  them  something  of 
geology  to  enable  them  to  recognise  a 
"true  fissure  vein"  when  they  see  it,  or  if 
they  have  not  already  been  in  the  field,  he 
would  teach  them  how  to  explore  and 
where  to  explore,  with  the  best  chances  of 
success.  A  vein  having  been  discovered, 
the  next  thing  is  to  ascertain  whether  it  is 
worth  working;  the  author,  therefore, 
gives  a  section  on  assaying  and  descrimin- 
ation — that  being,  indeed,  the  leading  fea- 
ture in  the  volume.    *    *    * 

The  work  has  now  been  extended  to  em- 
brace the  whole  field  of  mining,  which  he 
considers  sufficiently  hazardous  at  the  best 
having  too  many  blanks  for  a  prize  to  sus- 
tain unnecessary  errors  arising  from  insuf- 
ficient preliminary  examination,  as  most 
deplorably  evinced  by  retrospecting  the 
legion  of  mills  that  have  been  erected  on 
hundreds  of  ledges,  but  as  enormously  ex- 
pensive assaying  machines  to  prove  their 
worthlessness.     *    *    * 

Metallurgy,  which  is  treated  of  in  the 
concluding  section,  and  embraces  descrip- 
tions of  roasting,  milling,  chlorinising, 
smelting,  and  chemical  reduction,  is  dealt 
with  in  the  same  practical  manner  as  the 
other  subjects  the  book  altogether  being  one 
exactly  calculated  to  suit  the  views  and 
meet  the  requirements  of  those  for  whom 
it  has  been  written.  It  is  not  intended  as 
a  scientific  work,  but  to  facilitate  practical 
operations  upon  seienttfic  principle.  This 
object  the  book  is  well  calculated  to  obtain 
and  its  value  is  much  enhanced  by  the 
principle  which  Mr.  Phillips  has  adopted 
of  including  only  those  processes  which 
can  easily  be  carried  out  by  practical  men 
unused  to  the  delicate  manipulation  neces- 
sary in  the  laboratory  of  the  practised 
chemist.  The  work  will  undoubtedly  ob- 
tain a  large  number  of  readers. 


Invention   of  Suspension   Bridges 
the  Chinese,  1,900  Tears  Ago. 


by 


The  most  remarkable  evidence  of  the  me- 
chanical science  and  skill  of  the  Chinese  at 
this  early  period,  is  to  be  found  in  their  sus- 
pended bridges,  the  invention  of  which  is 
assigned  to  the  Han  dynasty.  According  to 
the  concurrent  testimony  of  all  their  histor- 
ical and  geographical  writers, Sangleang,  the 
commander  of  the  army  under  Kaou-tsoo, 
the  first  of  the  Hans,  undertook  and  com- 
pleted the  formation  of  roads  through  the 
mountaneous  province  of  Shense,  to  the 
west  of  the  capitol.  Hitherto  its  lofty 
hills  and  deep  valleys  had  rendered  a  com- 
munication difficult  and  circuitous.  "With 
a  body  of  100,000  laborers  he  cut  passages 
over  the  mountains,  throwing  the  removal 
soil  into  valleys,  and  where  this  was  not 
sufficient  to  raise  the  road  to  the  required 
hight,  he  constructed  bridges,  which 
rested  on  pillars  or  abutments.  In  another 
place  he  conceived  and  accomplished  the 
daring  project  of  suspending  a  bridge 
from  one  mountain  to  another  across 
a  deep  chasm.  These  bridges,  which  are 
called  by  jthe  Chinese  writers,  very  ap- 
propriately, flying  bridges,  and  represent- 
ed to  be  numerous  at  the  present  day,  are 


sometimes  so  high  that  they  cannot  be 
traversed  without  alarm.  One  still  exist- 
ing in  Shense,  stretches  400  feet  from 
mountain  to  mountain,  over  a  chasm  500 
feet.  Most  of  these  flying  bridges  are  so 
wide  that  four  horsemen  can  ride  on  them 
abreast,  and  balustrades  are  placed  on  each 
side  to  protect  travelers.  It  is  by  no 
means  improbable  (as  M.  Pauthier  sug- 
gests) that,  as  the  missionaries  to  China 
made  known  the  fact  more  than  a  century 
and  a  half  ago,  that  the  Chinese  had  sus- 
pended bridges,  and  that  many  of  them 
were  made  of  iron, '.the  hint  may  have  been 
taken  from  thence  for  similar  construc- 
tions by  European  engineers. 

British  Patents  for  Pacific  Coast 
Inventions. 

Following  is  a  list  of  inventions  patented  or 
protected  by  Provisional  Specifications  in  Eng- 
land by  Inventors  in  the  Pacific  States  and 
Territories,  from  July  29,  1870,  to  December  1, 
1871.* 

Means  for  preventing  the  fraudulent  use  of 
Bonds,  Receipts,  Checks,  Tickets,  and  other 
like  articles. — T.  B.  Hayes  and  C.  A.  Peters, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.     July  29, 1870. 

Method  of  seeming  or  locking  Screw  Bolts 
and  Nuts.  —  Bobinson  Butter,  Vallejo,  Cal. 
Nov.  9,  1870. 

Axles  and  Axle  Boxes  for  Wheeled  Vehicles. 
Ernest  Von  Jeinsen  and  James  Monroe  Mc- 
Donald, San  Francisco,  Cal.    Dec.  2,  1870. 

Sugar  Manufacturing  Apparatus.  —  Clans 
Spreckles,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    March  3, 1871. 

Lubricator. — N.  Siebert,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
March  23, 1871. 

Molding,  Draining  and  Drying  Sugar. — A.  F. 
W.  Partz,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    March  30, 1871. 

Lubricator. — Joseph  Moore,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.    April  5,  1871. 

Axles  and  Axle  Boxes.— C.  W.  M.  Smith,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.    April  13,  1871. 

Sewing  Machines.— C.  W.  M.  Smith,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.    April  18,  1871. 

Traction  Engine. — A.  Campbell  and  B.  Clark, 
Sacramento,  Cal.    May  12,  1871. 

Artificial  Stone. — B.  Skinner,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.     July  10,  1871. 

Steam  Plow.— J.  Lockhead  and  C.  A.  Math- 
iew,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    July  20,  1871. 

Anchor  for  Plow. — A.  Campbell  and  B.  Clark, 
Sacramento,  Cal.    Aug.  2,  1871. 

Sewing  Machine. — E.  Moreau  and  W.  B. 
Isaacs,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Screw  Propeller. — H.  Zahn,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.    Aug.  8,  1871. 

Wheel  for  Traction  Engine. — A.  Campbell 
and  E.  Clark,  Sacramento,  Cal.     Aug.  24, 1871. 

Improvement  in  Churns. — E.  Groat,  Milo  B. 
Pond  and  Win.  Cantelow,  Napa,  Cal.  Sept. 
30,  1871. 

An  Improved  Fastening  for  Boots  and  Shoes. 
Ira  J.  Saunders,  Davisville,  Cal.     Oct.  9,  1871. 

"Compiled  from  reports  received  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent 
Agents  lor  all  civilized  countries,  who  will  furnish  on  ap- 
plication, any  informalion  specially  desired  concerning  the 
securing  of  patents  and  the  rights  of  patentees  in  foreign 
countries. 


Mineral  Wealth  of  Bolivia— The  Mines 
of   Potosi. 

It  is  seldom  that  we  hear  any  mention 
made  of  the  mines  of  Bolivia,  yet  their  ex- 
tent is  great  and  the  late  discoveries  with- 
in her  borders  are  likely  to  regenerate  the 
country  and  make  her  name  widely  known. 
Messrs.  Hunt  &  Douglas,  discoverers  of 
the  renowned  process  for  working  copper 
ores,  have  taken  the  trouble  of  procuring 
the  exclusive  right  to  use  it  in  Bolivia; 
and  the  silver  deposits  of  the  country  are 
much  more  extensive  than  many  suppose. 
The  Panama  Star  and  Herald  says  on  this 
subject : 

Some  how  or  other  it  is  only  very  re- 
cently that  Bolivia  has  been  distinguished 
from  Peru,  particularly  among  Europeans 
in  general.  Not  long  ago,  as  we  all  know 
here,  the  people  made  a  revolution,  drove 
out  Malgarejo,  and  now  have  a  new  Gov- 
ernment; not  only  that,  but  a  new  era  of 
prosperity,  we  trust,  is  about  to  be  opened 
up  to  her.  Bolivia,  though  at  some  dis- 
tance from  the  coast  and  pushed  back  as 
it  were  toward  the  interior  by  Peru,  is  still 
an  important  country,  both  for  extent  of 
territory,  richness  of  soil,  and  many  of 
the  most  valued  products  of  the  three 
kingdoms  of  Nature.  Her  plains  and 
mountains  are  drained  by  the  Amazon  and 
Parana.  The  mines  of  Potosi,  which  gave 
to  Peru  the  reputation  of  fabulous  riches, 
are  situated  within  her  borders.  Potosi, 
which  at  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century  had  a  population  of  150,000  souls, 
has  now  ceased  to  be  what  it  was.  Another 
discovery  has  just  been  made,  not  in  the 
fertile  regions  of  that  Republic,  but  in  the 
sandy  deserts  of  Atacama,  bordering  on 
the  Pacific.  We  allude  to  the  rich  silver 
mines  of  Caracoles.  New  discoveries  in 
the  same  region  are  being  daily  made,  each 
one  of  which  surpasses  the   other  in  rich- 


ness of  ore.  The  quantity  of  Bilver  extract- 
ed from  these  mines  has  proved  rich  be- 
yound  anything  yet  known,  eclipsing  by 
far  the  most  famous  mines  of  ancient  and 
modern  Peru. 

The  otherwise  sterile  region  in  which 
these  great  discoveries  have  been  made 
naturally  presents  many  obstacles  to  the 
full  working  of  these  mines  and  develop- 
ment of  the  region,  the  principal  of  which 
is  the  difficulty  of  transit  to  the  coast,  a 
distance  of  120  miles  over  ravines,  moun- 
tains and  desert,  all  of  which  renders  the 
introduction  of  food,  mining  utensils,  etc., 
and  especially  water  for  more  than  one 
thousand  persons,  very  costly  and  difficult 
operations.  The  scarcity  of  water  and 
other  inconveniences  of  the  locality  have 
had  the  effect  of  preventing  any  great  in- 
crease of  population  as  well  as  the  work- 
ing of  the  mines,  many  of  which  are  at  a 
stand  still  until  a  railroad  can  be  con- 
structed for  communication  with  the  coast. 
We  have  reason  to  believe  that  these  ob- 
stacles will  only  be  temporary,  as  a  line  of 
rails  will  shortly  be  laid  down  from  Mexil- 
lones  to  Caracoles.  The  Bay  of  Mexillones 
forms  by  far  the  most  capable  and  safe  nat- 
ural harbor  on  the  west  coast. 

Several  limited  companies  have  been 
formed  to  work  some  of  the  Caracoles 
mines,  and  for  those  yet  remaining  in  the 
hands  of  the  original  owners,  there  is  a 
keen  competition,  both  by  native  and  Eu- 
ropean houses.  We  shall,  hereafter,  from 
time  to  time  take  occasion  to  inform  our 
readers  of  the  further  development  of  this 
miners'  Paradise  in  Bolivia. 


Daily   Weather  Record, 

By  the  U.   S.  Army  Signal  Service,  for  the  Week 

Ending  Wednesday,  February  21, 1872. 

V| 

«  l-H 

^j 

■2  c 

111 

>1 

-  r- 

State  of 

ft,  j 

ft]  3 

s; 

? 

Si 

jlS 

5^  '■S 
111 

^3 

Weather. 

^ 

Thu...l5|  30.11 

93 

93  Calm 

4-4 

Cloudy 

Fri... 16  30.12 

W 

13 

Calm 

4-4 

«l 

Threat'g 

Sat.  ..17   30.  Ill 

w 

■14 

Calm 

4-4 

u 

Threat'g 

2 

Sun. .18   30.12 

v< 

18 

S.W. 

1 

Light 

4-4 

Oloudy 

Hon.. 19  30.15 

VI 

HH 

W. 

4 

Clear 

a 

Tu.,,.20   30.0.1 

,:l 

111 

Calm 

VM 

Fair 

CD 

Wed..2l|  29.92 

■  :: 

-II 

W. 

4  (4entle 

l-i 

Fair 

Tha. .191 

Clear 

5) 

Fri...  16 

Sat...  17 

Sun..  18 

Hon.. 19 

D0 

TU....20 

Wed.  2l|  30.01 

',i  Sb 

N.  E. 

5GeM!' 

** 

Thu..l5| 

Fri....l6 

E 

Sat. ..17  29.6i 

21  74  Cali: 

a- 

Cloudy 

- 

Sun..  18 

"bo 

Hon.. 19 

To.. ..20 

> 

Wed..2l| 

Thu..l5| 

Fri... 16 

Sat. ..17 

a 

Sun.. 18  30.06 

»H 

SI 

N.  E 

V 

Light 

3-4 

M 

Cloudy 

Hon..  19 

w 

TU....20 

Wed..2ll  30.23 

31 

,9 

N. 

I 

Freeh 

1-4 

Fair 

Tha.,  151 

Fri... 16 

Sat. ..17  29.83 

35  if 

W. 

1.9 

Brisk 

Clear 

Sun. .16 

Hon.. 19 

o 

TU....20 

Clear 

Wed..2ll  30.04 

:».'>. 

N.W. 

1. 

Brisk 

Thu..l5 

Fri...l6 

Sat.  ...17 

29.87 

41 

41 

N  W 

1 

Fresh 

Clondy 

Son..  IS 

JH 

Mon..I! 

TU....2C 

Wed. .21 

30.07 

3; 

42 

S. 

b 

Fresh 

Clear 

Thu..,15 

Fri..,16 

■a 

Sat...  17 
Sun. .18 

29.80 

■Ji 

99 

S. 

2 

Light 

4-4 

Thpeat'g 

Hon.. IS 

° 

Tu....2fl 

Wed.. 21 

29.96 

32 

79  S.  V 

6JFre  I 

2-4 

_; 

Thu.,.15 

4- 

Fri. ..16 

g 

Sat  ...17 

29.97 

Si 

46 

N.  E. 

1 

Light 

JM 

Fair 

rn 

Sun  ..18 

HOU..19 

Ta...,20 

a 

Wed. .21 

30.13 

21 

88  W. 

1  Light 

3-4 

tCloudy 

Delaved.- 
this  week. 

The  Visal 

-Our  monthly  p> 

ries  for  Januar 

y  were  issued 
ted  and  well 

A  Delta  is  one 

of  the  best  prir, 

circulated  interior  journals  j 
turul  and  rapidly  developing 

valley  of  Tulare.    By  E.  H. 

Dew 

ey.  Visa] 

la. 

lainbp 

Ripe 


and  Luscious  Melons  the  Tear  Bound! 

Seeds  for  Sale— The  Seeds  of  the  famous  TURKISH. 
MUSKMELON'  (which  keeps  in  palatable  condition  in 
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R.  Marchella,  of  this  State.  Small  packages,  by  mail,  50 
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choice  novelty.  Send  in  season.  The  supply  is  not  large. 


The  Evangel,  Office,  414  Clay  street,  San  Fran- 
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February  24,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSX. 


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Miners  Using  Powder 

Containing  Nitroglycerine,  giving  off  deleterious  odors, 
Bhould  read  the  description  of  the  patented  process  for 
Instantly  dispelling  the  noxious  gases ;  and  for  further 
information  address  Dr.  A.  Blatchlcy,  patentee,  at  Sci- 
entific Peeks  Office,  S.  F.  8v24tf 


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F.  MANSELL  &  CO., 
House    and    Sign     Painters, 

412   PINE  STREET,    SAN   FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  st. 


F.  MANSELL  Etill  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental Sign  Work, 


Co\tntx*y  Orders  Attended  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     Dispatch. 
26v23-3m-bp 


TAH>EY>*      1'ATENT 

HAND      SAWMILL     AND     JIG     SAW 
For  Carpenters'  and  Woodworkers'  Use. 


This  successful  invention  is  now  introduced  in  California.    It  is  self-feeding,  and  one  man  can  operate  it 
easily,  doing  the  work  of  several  hands.    Being  a  real  convenience, 

It    is    an    Article    of"  Economy 

For  every  well  regulated  shop,  where  time  aud  labor-saving  is  appreciated.    Examine  it  In  operation. 

Price  IiOW— $125  for  both  Jig  and  Circular  Saws.  W.  I.  TTJSTIN,   Ag:ent, 

23v2-lam-3ni  At  whose  shop,  corner  Market  and  Beale  sts.,  it  can  be  seen  in  operatio 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer, 
Mineral  Assayer,  Analyst,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Author  of  "  The  Explorers',  Miners*,  and  Metallurg- 
ists* Companion." 

Inventor  of   the    Explorers',  Miners',   Millers',   and 
Smelters'  Friend,  the  Prospectors'  "  WEE  PET  "  Assay- 
ing Machine,  etc.,  which  obtained  a  Gold  Medal  at  the 
San  Francisco  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  1869. 
Patented  September  7,  11:69. 


Arranged  for  the  general  purposes  of  the  Analyst  and 
Aesayer. 
Price,  with  instructions,  tools  and  fluxes,  $100. 

Practical  Instructions  in  all  kinds  of  Assay- 
ing, Discrimination  and  Analysis. 

24-v23-tf 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


Hon.    AddresB 
6  -vl'i-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings,  Mills,  Bridg- 
es, or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure  ■.  good  satisfac- 
EDW.  W.  TEFT, 
No,  807  Hcward  street,  Sen  Francisco. 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


Owing  to  the  time  necensary  to  mail  the  present  large  edition  of  the 
Scvintifir  Press  tee  are  obliged  to  go  to  press  on  Thursday  even- 
ing—which  is  the  very  ■'■  i  U  ■  ■  hour  we  can  receive  advertUemente. 


Alhambra  Hill  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works.  Alhambra  Hill,  Pinto  District,  "White  Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Notice— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  foUowing 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  (No.  1) 
levied  on  the  Ninth  day  of  December,  1871,  the  Beveral 
amountB  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  follows: 
Names.  |No  of  certificate.        No.  shares.        Amount. 

Andreas  Fisher not  issued,  253  $126. 50 

R.  Beverly  Cole "        •'  253  126.50 

K.  Mayrisch "        "  253  126.50 

C.P.Schmidt.......     "        "  253  126.50 

R.  Steinbeimer "        "  253  126.50 

J.Hausmeister "        "  253  126.50 

D.H.Jack6on '*        "  506  253.00 

L.  Schumacher "        "  1G1  80.50 

J.  Napthaly "        "  161  80.50 

D.  B.  Arrowsmith...     "        "  161  80.50 

John  Shoenbar "        "  161  80.60 

Thos.J.  Beed "        "  80&  40.25 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  Ninth  day  of  December, 
1871,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  6tock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  by  Maurice 
Dore  &  Co,,  at  No.  327  Mungomery  street,  on  the  Fifth 
day  of  February,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  12  o'clock  M.,  of 
said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
HENRY  G.  LANGLEY,  Secretary. 

Office— 612  Clay  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. .      jr20-4w 

POSTPONEMENT.— The  above  sale  is  postponed  to 
Tuesday,  February  27th,  1872,  at  12  o'clock  m.,  to  be 
held  at  the  same  place.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trust- 
ees. HENRY  G.  LANGLEY,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  February  3, 1872.  fel0-2w 


Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company — Lo- 
cation of  Works,  Spruce  Mountain  District,  Stato  of 
Nevada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on 
the  9th  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.        Am't. 

Thos.  Kane -....unissued  600  $20  00 

And  in  accordance  witb  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  9th  day  of  January,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  nec- 
essary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  atthe  office  of  the 
Company,  Room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  on  the  4th  day  of  March,  1872,  at  the 
hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costB  of  aver- 
tising  and  expenses  of  Bale. 

WM.  H.  WATSON,  Secretary. 
Office,   Room   5,  No.   302   Montgomery   street,   San 
Francisco,  California.  fel7-3t 


Kincaid  Flat   Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Tuolumne  County,  State  of  California. 

Notice  is  harala  fives,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
I  said  t .'ompaily.  In-lil  on  the  Mtti  day  of  February. 
l-'l.  an  a&araament  of  tbrvo  dollars  per  share  wu  levied 
upon  tb©  i-anital  stock  of  said   company,  payable-    il 

atehjr,  in  DoitM  States  gold  oofi    to  tni  Bei      at  Ids  offloe, 

,    street,  Ban    Fnncisoo.  CiL    Any  stock  upon 

H  hfeb  olid  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  un  the  iMh   day 

of  March.  1KTV.     ahall  be  de ed  il--tin.jii.-nt.  and  will  be 

duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  uuloas  pay- 
meat  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday.  tln< 
Kth  day  of  April.  1*72,  to  pay  the  delinquent aawaament, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising*  and  expenses  of  aalu. 
By  order  of    the   Board  of  Trustees, 

R,  H.  L'ORXELL.  SeCMtaiy. 
Office,  220  Clay  street.  San  Francisco.  feJl-t.l 

Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company — 

—Location  of  works,  Pierpont  Mining  District,  White 
Pine  County,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trusu.es  of  oaid  company,  held  on  the  Tventfrfifth  litln 
day  of  January  A- D.  1K7-'.  a't  assessment  oi  eit;htyis.))ceiits 
persharewos  levied  upon  the  oepUaJ  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately,  in  I'riited  States  gold  OOUX  to 
the  I-Mi-ri-iary.  atthe  offiw   of   said    company.    Any  »Uiok 

upon  which  s.iij  taseennenl  shall  retna D|  aid  on  rriday, 

tin  i.-i  lay  of  March,  a.  i».  Wl.  shall  ho  deemed  delin- 
qnentt  and  will  ho  duly  sdvertlsed  f"r  hm)i*  at  puhhc  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  mad.'  before,  "ill  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  T»  enty-third  day  o(  March,  a  d.  1S72,  to 
pay  the  deltnouent  assessment,  together  «  ith  costs  of  ad- 
verttsioK  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J    \V.  l_LAHK,  Secretary. 

Onice,  No.  4l«  California  street.  San  I'm  n  c  is.o.  Onl.   fl-jw 

Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Gompany— 

Location  of  works,  Salt  Springs  Valley,  Calaveras  County. 

California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  IStfi  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1H72.  an  assessment  o(  $5  dollars  pej  "hare  was  levied 
apun  the  caidtal  stock  of  said  Csmpany,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
otncvof  the  Company,  No.  409  California  street,  up  stairs. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  asses  ment 
*hall  remain  uupuid  on  the'2'ith  day  of  March.  ItfT:!.  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  salo  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  tbc  16th  day  ol'  April.  1872.  to  pay 
the  delinuuGnt  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  F.  CUONISi:.  Socretary. 

Office,  -109  Caliiornia  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.        teSt>td 

Silver  Wave  Mining  Company — Location 

of    works,    White   Pine     Mining   District,   White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Assessment  of  Ihree  ($3)dollars  per  ehare.  levied  Decem- 
ber ISth,  1S71,  having  been  rescinded  by  vote  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  '£  th  day  of  Jan- 
ary,  A.  D.  ifc)72.  an  assessment  of  One  Dollar  per  ehare  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  as- 
sessment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  '26th  day  of 
Febuary.  A.  d.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be 
duly  advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  pay- 
ment shall  be  made  before,  will  be  soldon Tuesday,  the  l9th 
day  of  March  A.  d.,  1612.  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  TrusteeB.       J.W.  CLARK.  Sec'y. 

Office,  -ilft  California  St.  San  Francisco. jr27— lw. 

South   Gulch    Gravel    Mining    Company. 

Location  of  Works,  Brushville  Mining  District,  Cala- 
veras County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  7th  day  of 
February,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  and  fifty 
cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of 
said  Company,  payable  immediately,  in  United  States 
gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  Company, 
No.  409  California  street,  up  stairs,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  March,  1872,  shall  bo 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  "wiU  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the  third  day  of 
April,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  F.  CKONISE,  Secretary. 
Office,  409  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Mitv 

ing  Company.— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice,  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  23d  day  of  Jan- 
uary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  Four  (js-l.tty)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  516  Kearny  street,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  nnpaid  on 
the  27th  day  of  February,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  publio 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  he 
sold  on  Saturday,  the  16th  day  of  March,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  Bale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN.  Secretary. 
Qtllce  516  Kearny  street.  San  Francisco.  Cal . jr£7td. 

Union  Gold  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  County,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
4th  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.    Am't. 

Crosett,Jame6F.  Trustee.. 166  62        $  62  00 

CroBett,  JamesF.  Trustee..  167  100  100  00 

Frontin,  Joseph,  Trustee.. 234  100  100  00 

Frontin,  Joseph,  Trustee.  .235  S5  95  00 

Gilbert,  Mrs.  E.  W 205  15  15  00 

Gilbert,  Mry.  E.  W 212  10  10  GO 

Hale,  William  F 129  60  60  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 46  100         100  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 47  60  50  00 

Mahoney,  Denis 62  75  75  00 

Mahoney,  DeniB 63  100         100  00 

Stuart,  W.  A 90  7  7  00 

And  in  accordance  -with  law  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  4th  day  of  January,  1872,  bo 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary, will  he  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
the  Company,  Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange,  Cali- 
fornia street,  San  Francisco,  California,  on  Monday, 
the  26th  day  of  February,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock 
p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment 
thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  aud  expenses 
of  sale.  ALFRED  K.  DURBROW,  Secretary. 

Office:  Room  No.  22,  Merchants' Exchange,  California 
street,  San  FranciBCO,  California.  felO- 

Wm.  Penn  Consolidated  Mining  Company 

—Location  of  works.  Storey  and  Lyon  Counties,  State 

of  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  26th  day  of 
January,  1872,  the  assessment  of  50  cents  per  share 
levied  on  the  16th  day  of  January,  was  rescinded,  and  an 
assessment  of  $1.00  per  share  was  levied,  payable  imme- 
diately, in  U.  B.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office 
of  the  company.  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  29th  day  of  February,  1872, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Thursday,  the  21st  day  of 
March,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment  thereon 
together  with  cost  of  advertising  and  expensea  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
feb3-4t  HENRY  TOOMT,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  Btreet,  Rooms  3  and  4. 


126 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  24, 1872, 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABLiISHED    1S51. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets* 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

IRA   P.   RANKXST,  A.  P.  BEATTOJT, 

GEO.  W.  FOGG-,  Superintendent, 

JHteain. Engines  and.  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  flrst- 
cIsbb  establiBhmentB,  manufactured  by  ua  at  the  lowest 
jiriceB,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

m&~  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Rpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v2Q-3m  GODDARD  &  CO. 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   RLAST   ROTARY   BLOWER. 

MANUFACTUBED    AT 

The  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton,  Cal. 

AWARDED    THE     PIKST     PKEMITJM    AT    THE  PARIS    EXPOSITION— PATENTED 
NOV.  1,  1864';  JJULY  24,  1866 ;  AND  OCT.  9,  1866. 


Adapted 

FOB 

Smelting, 

Foundry, 
Mining 


m 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MAKOVA0TOHKE3    Of 

8TEAM    ENGINE©, 
Quartz,    Flour    and    Saw    Mills, 

Hayes*  Improved    Steam   Pump,  Rrodle'i  Im- 
proved      Crusher,      itllnlnir     Pump*, 
Amalnamaton,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  street*,  above  How- 
atreet,  Ban  Francisco.  S-qy 


&EORGE  T.  PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission  Street, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  WorkB  have  lately  been  inoreaBed, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QTJABTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing   Presses. 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  nnequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  lor  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  k  00. '3. 

ALSO,  MANDFA0TUHEB  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Ppaoy'a    Celelbratea.    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


and 


Steamships. 


Requires 

SO  Per  Cent. 

LESS  .POWER 

Than    any    Blower 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eciart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  ha 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  k  eo.  PRESCOTT  k  SOHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILlT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  hag  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  bo  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating;  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GKIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  ei  ery- 
thing  required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  he  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
5v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


One  of  these  Blowers  may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Garratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco;  Gould  &  Curry  and 
Savage  S.  M.  Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  0.  P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Caution.— Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  to  the  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  parties, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  the  requirements  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUARTZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IRON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HORSE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OF  ALL  SIZES. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

4™tf  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

P.  I.  CURRY  Uate  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTD  BJERS   OF 

STEAM  ENGINEe,  BOILEBS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Unubur't  Patent  Self- Adjusting  Steam  PUton 

PACKING),  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets. 

8*<1RAURIfTO  ClTT 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
BOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


To  Coal  Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 


[YOUR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beach    Street,    Philadelphia,    Peim. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

«^~  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roads,  FurnaceB,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  In  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  k  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND    PHOTOGRAPHS. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    Sc    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  moat  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor.   First   and    IvUssion    Ste., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Eepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    "WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINEKT. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  CaBtor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MABBLE    MACHINEKY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  size. 

Irrigating'    Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 

Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied, 

H.  J.  BOOTH.  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT.  IRVING  M.  SCOTT 

4v24-lyslamr 


THE    RISDON 

Iron  and  locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WOKKS  : 

Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets. 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
priceB.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

9lrectom : 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Win.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

O.  E.  McLANE "Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  K.  MEAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


FISHER'S 
KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AMD 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 

Cheapest  and   Best 
Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 


HYDEAULIO     CHIEF. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  0EDEE, 

throw   from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

STRBi  M. 


The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
9t23-«  Address  F.  H.  EI9HEK,  Nevada,  Oal. 


PA-OIJTIO 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FKANCISCO,   CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AHD  — 

Every  "Variety  of  SSliaftiiijsr, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  i  f 
steamboat    Shaft*,  Crank*,    Ploton    and    Con- 
necting Rods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axk'i 

and  Frame* 

—  AL36  — 

HAMMER  J3D     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

JW  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  HILL 
JOMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  will  calve 
) ,'ompt  attention 

«*-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron        9vl43m 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE— I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  malting,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R-  & 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hoskin,  as  the  Bamo  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  aB  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAVLIO  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
in  euch  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H,  FISHER. 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

etjreka.    fotjivi>:r,y» 

128  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

HOHT  AND  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  evory  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


THEODORE   KAT.T.ENBERG, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  InventorB.    All  kinds  of  Dlejs, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  St.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 
STEI&EB.  &  BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


SAN    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUTACTimEim  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

Machine  Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and  Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


Machinery. 


j.  w.  thurman, 

(Successor  to  S.  "W.  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

ALL,  OBDEBS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-Km 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  bsf  ore,  under  the  Btyle  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24,  1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


Miners'    Foundry    and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 
First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Fbakoisco. 

Machinery  and  Casting's  of  all  kinds. 
7v23tf 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

Ii  O  I  L   E  R      MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  at.  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  Francisco. 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  stre«  t,  bet.  Howard  and  Foleom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    OAJR., 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 
Order  and  Warranted. 


February  24,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


127 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE    HIGHEST    PREMIUM 

Awarded  by  tho  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  Son  Fran- 
cisco, and  Stato  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
Theiw  Lubricators  aro  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  thoy  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  tho  oil  by  valvo  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  plpo  B  Into  tho  steam  pipe 
C:  11  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  tho  engine;  gluBs 
tube  I  Indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rod"  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  threo 
to  six  days,  according  to  Bpeed  and  bizo  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  Bhut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
II ,  K,  valves  to  shut  off  In  case  of  frost;  st«am  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction- Patented  February  14,  1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works.  128  First  street,  8.  F.      24v23tf 


|o^\m%^Mf 


MOLDING,    M0ETISIN&, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

BAND    SAWS, 

SCKOLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
F«r  IUilhoad,  Oak.  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,  Etc, 
17*  Superior  to  Roy  in  use. 

A.   FAY   &  CO., 

Cinctnnati,  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANTTFACTUBEBB    OF 


WOOD-WORKING  .MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Philadelphia. 

«y  Woodworth  PlanerB  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


CALDWELL'S 


HENDY'S 
Improved     Lamont    Steam    Engine    Regulator, 

WITH    STOP    VALVE    ATTACHED. 

PERFECTLY    It  1  -1.1  .Vltl.i:. 

Rapidly   Superceding  all    other 

GOVERNORS 

Wherever  Introduced. 

Wo    Invito    the     Attention    ol*    ih..-.- 

INTERESTED    IN    OR    USING- 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

TO    OUB 

IMPROVED   REGULATOR  AND  CUT-OFF, 

FOR   EITUEIt 

Stationary  or  Portable 

ENGINES. 
An   Examination   "Will 

BE     SUFFICIENT     TO      SATISFY     THE 

MOST     SKEPTICAL 

OF    ITS    UTILITY    AND 

SIMPLICITY, 

And  tho  many  References  in  Our  Possession 

FROM    ENGINEERS    WHO    ABE 

Using  them,  attest  their 

PRACTICAL    SU  PERIORITY 

Over  all  others. 

We  refer  to  Union  Iron  Works;  Pacific  Iron 
Works;  Fulton  Iron  Works;  M.  Taylor,  Grass 
Valley;  Phcenix  Quicksilver  Mining  Co.,  Napa 
Co. ;  Samuel  MeCurdy,  Nevada  Co.,  and  others. 

JOSHUA.    HENDY, 

Office  and  Works,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Hendy's  Ore  Concentrators  and  Circular  Saw  Mills*  4v24-lam-tf 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  tho  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
ami  116  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v21-Sm  WM.  CALDWELL. 


JOS.    THOENHIXL, 
Brlclclayer    and    Contractor. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Work, 
such  aa  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,  etc. 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  White,  47  Clay  street,  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  1612  Mason  street,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  24v21-3m 


NELSON    Jtc  JDOBEE, 

zr.r.NTH  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OP 
Sledge*,    Hammers,    Stone    Cotters',    Black 

ftmllhs'  and  llornt'.Shoo.'i'  Tools. 
IS  and  ISFremontatreet,  near  Market,  San  Francle 
IQvUqr 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

PATTERNS     A1VX>     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry) , 

N.W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  etrcetB,  9.  F.    En- 
trance on  Natoma  street.  tiv23-3m 


CAST    STEEL     FILES. 

John  T.  Bunker  &  Co.'s— We  wiBh  to  inform 
Dealers  and  Iron  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  these 
celebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  superior  Inducements 
to  Introduce  them.    (22-v23-3m)        HOOKER  &  CO. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


CAMERON'S 

steam:  pumps. 

PICKERING'S 

Engrine    Regulators. 

GEFFARD'B 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface   Condensers. 
DAVirTsTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  F. 


CARS, 

LIGHT,     STRONG     AND     ELEGANT. 


Omnibuses     of    Every     Style, 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MASK 

On  all  kinds  of  Orti.  and  particular  attention 
PAID  TO 

COKSIOK  M  EXTS  OP  OOOBS. 

4vl6-3m 

Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

Rim  Annuo*  A  Co.  havs  been  for  thirty  Tears  etttabHshai 
in  SwannuaaA  Asvntafor  tliv  preparation,  Sam pt inn.  Anaaj- 
in*t,  and  Bale  of  Oqpper,  Silver,  GolJ,  Lead,  Zinc,  and  all 
other  Or«8  and  Metals,  for  which  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  under  cover,  1,000  feet  of  ynay  Front- 
ape  within  the  Floating  Dock,  and  tin*  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  aeainet  Ores  in  anticipation  of  realization,  and  to 
guarantee  all  paymenta  when  required.  6v22-)ys 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

4£1   Montgomery  St.  up  stairs. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores. 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Minoral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practl- 
cal  instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 

LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  B.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallurg-ica? 

CHEMIST, 

No.    011    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U. 8.  Branch  Mint \ 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  Bending  out  their  superior  work,  of  tho  beBt  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
StateB  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-eeventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-26t 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  ISA  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  Kinns  of  Braes,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Uastings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds.  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  and  Steamboat  Bella  and 
Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  klndsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
draullc  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
£§->  PRICES  MODERATE.  »» 
J.   H.  WEED*  V.  EINGWELL. 


California  File  Manuf  »g  Co. 

Potrero,  Bolano  street,  bet,  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Feanoisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
K EAP ER  AM)  HOWES  SECTIONS,  BASS 
AND  KMVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    O  ders  from  the  country 
romptly  attended  to.  9vl9-hy 


8am  Fkanoibco,   CaL, 


7v21-3m 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  WORKS 

19  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

KIOTTE.V   LCCKHABUT. 

Ores    Crushed,   Sampled    and    Assayed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorlnation  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  testBby  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metullux- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  2Gv21-3ni 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAT   OFFICE 

No.    SIS    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco, 

J.   A.   MARS,   Assayer. 
»y  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v20 


.  w.  BTBONQ. 


W.  L.  STnONQ 


C.  W.  STRONG   &   CO.. 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  mode  with  core.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 

PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Eto. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22t18 


ALL   NEW    AND    OLD    PKOCESSES 

—  OF  — 

Mining.  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately   described   and   discussed,    and   the 

Latest    lVeTVS 

From  American  and  Foreign  MineB ;  together  with  the 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  the  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Club, 

and  other  Scientific  Bodies,  and 

WEEKLY    POPULAR    ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
Will  be  found  in  the 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R.  W.  RAYMOND  and  W.  P.  WARD,  Editors. 

Subscription,  $4,  currency,  per  annum ;  $2,25  for  six 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Company. 


P.  O.  Box  4404. 


WILLARD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Row,  New  York. 


AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Roasting    Re"t>elllo"u.s    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  Is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  sulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  wa  6 
given  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 


MONROE    THOMSON, 


At  444  California  street, 
notice. 


San  Francisco,  until  further 
6v23-3m 


128 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  24, 1872, 


DEWEY   &   CO., 

American  and  Foreign  Patent 

Agents,    Publishers   of 

the  Scientific  Press, 

San  Francisco. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed 
expeditiously ;  Patent  reissues  taken  out ; 
Assignments  made  and  recorded  in  legal 
form;  Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignments 
procured;  Examinations  of  Patents  made 
here  and  at  "Washington ;  Examinations  made 
of  Assignments  recorded  in  Washington; 
Examinations  ordered  and  reported  by  Tele- 
graph; Rejected  cases  taken  up  and  Patents 
obtained;  Interferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions 
rendered  regarding  the  validity  of  Patents 
and  Assignments;  every  legitimate  branch  of 
Patent  Agency  Business  promptly  and 
thoroughly  conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  in- 
ventions of  this  coast,  and  long  practice  in 
patent  business,  enable  us  to  abundantly 
satisfy  our  patrons;  and  our  success  and 
business  are  constantly  increasing. 

The  shrewdest  and  most  experienced  Inventors 
are  found  among  our  most  steadfast  friends 
and  patrons,  who  fully  appreciate  our  advan- 
tages in  bringing  valuable  inventions  to  the 
notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals — 
thereby  facilitating  their  introduction,  sale 
and  popularity. 

Foreign    Patents. 

In  addition  to  American  Patents,  we  secure, 
with  the  assistance  of  co-operative  agents, 
claims  in  all  foreign  countries  which  grant 
Patents,  including  Great  Britain,  France, 
Belgium,  Prussia,  Austria,  Victoria,  Peru, 
Bussia,  Spain,  British  India,  Saxony,  British 
Columbia,  Canada,  Norway,  Sweden,  Mexico, 
Victoria,  Brazil,  Bavaria,  Holland,  Den- 
mark, Italy,  Portugal,  Cuba,  Boman  States, 
Wurtemberg,  New  Zealand,  New  South 
Wales,  Queensland,  Tasmania,  Brazil,  New 
Grenada,  Chile,  Argentine  Republic,  AND 
EVERY  COUNTBY  IN  THE  WORLD 
where  Patents  are  obtainable. 

No  models  are  required  in  European  coun- 
tries, but  the  drawings  and  specifications 
should  be  prepared  with  thoroughness,  by 
able  persons  who  are  familiar  with  the  re- 
quirements and  changes  of  foreign  patent 
laws — agents  who  are  reliable  and  perma- 
nently established. 

Our  schedule  prices  for  obtaining  foreign  pat- 
ents, in  all  cases,  will  always  be  as  low,  and 
in  some  instances  lower,  than  those  of  any 
other  responsible  agency. 

We  can  and  do  get  foreign  patents  for  inventors 
in  the  Pacific  States  from  two  to  six  months 
(according  to  the  location  of  the  country 
sooner  than  any  other  agents. 

Home    Counsel. 

Our  long  experience  in  obtaining  patents  for 
Inventors  on  this  Coast  has  familiarized  us 
with  the  character  of  most  of  the  inventions 
already  patented;  hence  we  are  frequently 
able  to  save  our  patrons  the  cost  of  a  fruitless 
application  by  pointing  them  to  the  same 
thing  already  covered  by  a  patent.  We  are 
always  free  to  advise  applicants  of .  any 
knowledge  we  have  of  previous  applications 
which  will  interfere  with  their  obtaining  a 
patent. 

We  invite  the  acquaintance  of  all  parties  con- 
nected with  inventions  and  patent  right  busi- 
ness, believing  that  the  mutual  conference  of 
legitimate  business  and  professional  men  is 
mutual  gain.  Parties  in  doubt  in  regard  to 
their  rights  as  assignees  of  patents,  or  pur- 
chasers of  patented  articles,  can  often  receive 
advice  of  importance  to  them  from  a  short 
call  at  our  office. 

Bemittances  of  money,  made  by  individual  in- 
ventors to  the  Government,  sometimes  mis- 
carry, and  it  has  repeatedly  happened  that 
applicants  have  not  only  lost  their  money, 
but  their  inventions  also,  from  this  cause  and 
consequent  delay.  We  hold  ourselves  re- 
sponsible for  all  fees  entrusted  to  our  agency. 

The  principal  portion  of  the  patent  business  of 
this  coast  has  been  done,  and  is  still  being 
done,  through  our  agency.  We  are  familiar 
with,  and  have  full  records,  of  all  former 
cases,  and  can  more  directly  judge  of  the 
value  and  patentability  of  inventions  discov- 
ered here  than  any  other  agents. 

Situated  so  remote  from  the  seat  of  government, 
delays  are  even  more  dangerous  to  the  invent- 
ors of  the  Pacific  Coast  than  to  applicants  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Valuable  patents  may  be 
lost  by  the  extra  time  consumed  in  transmit 
ting  specifications  from  Eastern  agencies  back 
to  this  coast  for  the  signature  of  the  inventor. 

Confidential. 

We  take  great  pains  to  preserve  secrecy  in.  all 
confidential  matters,  and  applicants  for  pat- 
ents can  rest  assured  that  their  communi- 
cations and  business  transactions  will  be  held 
strictly  confidential  by  us.    Circulars  free. 

Engravings. 

We  have  superior  artists  in  our  own  office,  and 
all  facilities  for  producing  fine  and  satisfac- 
tory illustrations  of  inventions  and  machinery, 
for  newspaper,  book,  circular  and  other 
printed  illustrations,  and  are  always  ready  to 
assist  patroas  in  bringing  their  valuable  dis- 
coveries into  practical  and  profitable  UBe. 

DEWEY   &  CO. 

Scientific  Peess  and  Pacific  Bubal  Pbess 
Office!  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


THE     GIANT    POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDER,A   TVO.    S    GHAIXT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  In  its  Explosion,  which  we  reeommend  for 

bajvk:   blasting,    coal    miijvjb©, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUOH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROOK    IS    NOT    TERT    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  eyolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

I*rice.    50  Cents  per    Found. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN",  NIELSEN  &  CO.,     . 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.    210  Front  Street. 


The  Scientific  Press, 

Established  in  1860,  is  now  the  Largest,  Most 
Original,  Best  Illustrated  and  most  Ably  and 
Carefully  Edited  Practical  Mining  Journal  on 
the  Western  Continent.  Its  contents  are  mads 
up  of  fresh  intelligence  in  a  condensed  and  inter- 
esting style,  easily  appropriated  by  the  reader, 
who  finds  its  columns  replete  with  new  facts 
and  ideas  not  obtainable  in  the  books  of  the 
past  or  in  any  one  other  of  the  journals  of  the 
day. 

Varied  in  its  carefully  compiled  and  con- 
veniently arranged  departments,  representing 
the  special  and  leading  industries  of  the  Pacific 
States — Mining,  Mechanism,  Manufacturing, 
Building,  Improvements  and  Inventions — it 
becomes  a  weekly  informant  to  all  Scientific, 
Mechanical,  Manufacturing  and  Industrial 
Progressionists  on  the  coast,  an  immense  list 
of  whom  testify  to  its  pleasant,  profitable  and 
elevating  influence. 

The  progress  of  our  journal  has  been  steady 
and  unvarying.  Encouraged  by  a  liberal 
slass  of  readers  who  exhibit  their  appreciation 
in  a  substantial  way,  we  shall,  with  our  in- 
creasing facilities,  experience  and  information, 
make  each  coming  issue  superior  to  its  prede- 
cessor. 

Let  every  friend  of  Science  and  Industry  on 
this  side  of  the  continent  take  pride,  not  only 
in  sustaining,  but  accelerating  the  advancement 
of  a  faithful  representative  of  its  highest  inter- 
ests by  subscribing  for  it  and  urging  its  patron- 
age by  others — now,  without  delay. 

Subscription  $4  a  year,  in  advance.    Address 

DEWEY   &  00., 

Publishers  and  Patent  Agents,  338  Montgomery 
St.,  S.  E.  corner  California  St.,  S.  P. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC 


RAILROAD. 

1872- 


San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


Leave  going  Hast. 
*4.00fm|  7.00  am 
4.35  PM  7.35am 
4.10  pm  7.50am. 
5.35PM  8.35AMI 
8.25pm  11.28  am 
8.48  pm  11.50  am 
10.45  pmI  1.45  pm 
Arrive  from  West. 


Leave  going  South 

I    3.00  pm 

4.40FM 

|    5.30pm 

Arrive  from  North. 


..San  Francisco. 

.  .Oakland 

..San  Jose 

.  .Niles 

..Lathrop 

..Stockton 

..Sacramento... 


Arrive  from  East. 


_.__  PM 
8.00  pm 
8.30  p  M 
7.05  P  M 

4.43  pm 
4.07  P  M 
2.20  p  M 


•2.20  P  M 
1.50  P  M 
2.10  pm 

12.45  P  M 

9.45  pm 
9.07  PM 
7.15  a 


Leave  go  ng  West. 


San  Francisco  &  San  Jose. 


..San  Francisco.. 

..Niles 

..San  Jose 


Arrive  from  South 

10.40  AMI 

8.35am  : 

7.:0am| 

Leave  going  .orth 


Leave  going  South 

I    7.35pm 

*9.45am     8.25  pm 
11.35  am     9.45  pm 

2.40  PmI  12.15am 
Arrive  from  North 


Stockton,  Lathrop  &  Merced. 


I  Arrive  from  South 
10.20AM1 . 
9.30  am  *8.20pm 
8.13  am  6.45  PM 
5.45AMJ  3.30PK 
Leave  going  North 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  Og-den. 


5.40  p  m 
1.00  am 
9. 10  a  m 
12.00  m 
4.40  r  M 
6.20  am 
Arrive  from  "West. 


...Sacramento 

..Colfax 

...Reno 

. . .  "Winnemucca 

. .  .Battle  Mountain 

...Elko 

...Ogden 


Arrive  from  East. 
2.00  pm 


Sacramento,  fitarysville 
Leave  going  North  - 


1.45  AM 
10.25  a  M 
1.50  pm 
8.00  pm 


..Sacramento  . 

..Junction 

.. Marys  ville.... 

..Tehama 

..Red  Bluff.... 


10.20  am 
2.10  am 
4.15pm 
1.25  P  M 
8.45  am 
5.20  pm 
Leave  going  West. 
&  Red  Bluff. 

Arrive  from  North 


COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

01  the  Scientific  Pbess  can  ho  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  and  best  information  on  mining  and 
the  industry  of  this  coast  of  any  work  published. 

Also— Bound  volumes  of  the  Pacific  Rural  Peess 
furnished  at  same  rates  from  its  commencement. 


1.05  p 

12.15  PM 

10.20  am 

6.50  am 

6.00  am  .- 
Leave  going  South 


l4.45  pw 

3.25  P  M 
12.00  M 
5.30  am 


2.35  r 
3.25  p_ 
5.15  pm 
8.35  pm. 
9.30  pm 
Arrive  from  South! 

San   Francisco,   Vallejo    &   Caliatoga. 

Leave  going  Northi  [Arrive  from  North 

*4.00  f  Ml    7.30  am...  -San  Francisco. .      8.00  f  M  1*12.15  p M 

6.3i)pm      9.30  am'. ...Vallejo 6.05pm    10.30pm 

7.23pm    10.40am  ....Napa 4.50pm      9.30pm 

9.10 pmI    1.00pm  ....Caliatoga 3.00  pm!    8.00  am 

Arrive  from  South|  (Leave  going  South 

San  Erancisco,  Vallejo  &  Knight's  Landing-. 


"W\  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO 

C  I  T  "X" 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  .Mission  and  Fremont  Streets, 

_.  MANUFACTUKEES  OF 

Brass,  Zino  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

CASTINGS., 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN    AM>       ,ABTB     BELLS,    QONUS, 

FIRE  ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 
-  Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  "Water  and  Flange  Cocke, 
and  Valves  of-  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and.  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil  * 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

fi^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GABBATT,  JAMES  HTT1T1MAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 

N.  W.  SPAULDLNG, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Leave  going  East. 
I7.30A  Ml  *"4.U0pm 
9.35am  6.35pm 
12.U5PM  10.10  pm 
1.00  pmI  11.45pm 
Arrive  from  West. 


..San  Francisco.. 

..Vallejo 

.  .Davis 

..  Knight's  Land'g 


San  Francisco  &  Healdsburgr, 


Arrive  from  East. 

*12.1flPM|  tS.OOPM 
10.30  pm  6.05  pm 
7.10PM  b.3"PM 
5.30  AM|    2.30  pm 

Leave  going  West. 


'7.10  am 
8.'20am 
9.45  am 

10.20  am 


4.35  pm 
5.00  P  M 
6.00  pm 
6.45  P 


Arrive  troin  North. 
11.00  A : 


,.San  Francisco. 

..Donahue I  ».4&  A  M 

.  .Petaluma 8.20  A  M 

. .  Santa  Rosa 7.30  A  M 

.  .Healdsburg 6.45  A  M 


Arrive  from  South 

Stockton,   Milton  &  Oak  pale. 


;>.35pm 

.VOll   f  M 

3.30  pm 

_     2.00  pm 

Leave  going  South 


Leave  coins  South 

i*n.25AM 

11.52A-M 

12.42PM 

I     1.32  pm 


..Stockton 

..C.P.R.R.  Depot. 

..Peters 

.  Milton 


I     1.44  rM 

Arrive  from  North 

CAL.  P.  R, 

Leave  going  East. 


.Oak  Dale., 


Arrive  from  South 

*4.25PM| 

3.52  FM  

3.02PM  

2.12pmI 


*4.00  P  M 
6.00  p  M 
7.00  PM 


.A.     NEW    BOOK. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and 
Metallurgists'  Companion. 

The  Most  Practical  and  Comprehensive  Work 
on  Mining  Subjects  Extant. 

Comprising  640  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 

BY  J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Of   San  Francisco,  a  Practical  Operator  for  Thirty-four 

Years ;  Explorer,  and  Resident  in  the  Pacific.  States 

and  Territories  for  toe  past  Six  Years. 

Now  issued  and  for  sale  by  DEWEY  &  00., 
Patent  Agents,  Publishers  "Scientific  Press. 

Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Va- 
rious   Departments    of    Exploration, 
Mining,  Engineering,  Assaying, 
and  Metallurgy. 
Geological   Formations   of   the   Primitive   Earth,    it3 
Seoondary  Hocks,  its  Mineral  Veins,  Minerals, 
Metals,  Coal  Fields,  Etc.,  Etc. 
General  Composition  and  Peculiarities  of  Mineral  Veins; 
Their  Comportment  with  Each  Other,  and  with 
Cross  Courses,  Dikes,  and  Slides. 
Geological    Characteristics    of    the    Most    Extensive 

Mining  Districts. 
Exploration  for,  and  Examination  of,  Mineral  Veins. 
Discrimination  and  Assay  of    Minerals,  by  the  most 

Availahle  and  Practical  Methods. 
Mining  and  Mechanical  Engineering,  Above  and  Below 
the  Surface,  for  Dressing  of  Ores, 
Deep  Mining,  Etc. 
Assorting,  Crushing,  and  Concentration  of  Ores. 
The   Best   Methods   for  Reducing  the  Minerals  and 
Metals  to  a  Marketable  Condition,  by  Roast- 
ing, Milling,  Chlorinizing,  Smelting, 
and  by  Chemical  Treatment. 
The   Continually  Recurring,   Unnecessary  Errors,  in 
Mining  and  Metallurgy. 

PRICE,  bound  in  cloth ,  $10  (in  coin  or  its  equivalent) . 
In  leather,  $13.  Postage,  50  cents  extra.  Address  all 
orders  (wholesale  or  retail)  to 

DEWEY   &   CO., 

Scientific  Press,  338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


Leather 


r.  N.    COOK, 

Belting    and 


Hose, 


HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


"4.00  pmI. 


2.0UPM1 

Leave  going  North 

R.  CO/S  STEAMERS. 

Arrive  from  East. 
..San  Francisco.. 

..Vallejo 

.  .Benicia 

..Stockton 

..Sacramento  .... 


Leav 


5.O0  P  M 


. .     2.00  M. 
i  going  West. 


Explanation. 

For  trains  running  "from"  San  Francisco,  take  the  left 
hand  columns  and  read  downwards. 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  hand  columns  and  read  upwards. 

OAKLAND  BRANCH. -Leave  San  FeancisCO,  7  00. 
8  10,  9  2j,  1U  10  and  11  20  a.m.,  12  10.150,3  00,4  00,51,1,630,8  06 
9.20  and  "11  30  p.  m.    <9  20,  11  20  and  :j  nil  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn.  *5  30.  6  40, 1  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oaklano,  *s  40,  6  50,  8  00,  9  10,  10  00,  and  11 10  a. 
m.,  1200,1  40,  2  50.  3  J SO.  5  05,6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.m. 

ALAMEDA  BPvANCH.-Lkave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  U  15  a.  m.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  On  p.  m.  (7  20,  11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  H/iiwards,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *o  25,  7  35,  it  00  and  11  20  a.  m.,  1  30, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 

*  Sundays  excepted.       t  Sundays  only. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt.  Gen'l  Snpt. 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  ICO  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  live  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24.-lm  Placerville,  Cal. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

manufacturer  op 

SPATJLDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  moBt  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in   every  respects 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHrDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  EOYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 
Sa»  Feancibco. 


Hubbard,   Lippincott,    Bakewell  &    Co., 


MANUF^-CTTJItEK!*!. 

J.  E,  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  are  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lippencott  t6 
Tutlle's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  o 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbard  Bro.  &  Co.  and  Lippencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADES. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  will  receive  Bpecial 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest  Market  Prices, 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

8^"  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  address 

HUBBARD,  LIPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
mall-16p-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MAGAZINES. 


Harper's 

Atlantio 

Godey 

New  York  Ledger.. . . 

Blackwood 

Hours  at  Home 

Good  Words 

Peterson's 

Arthur    

Lady  s  Friend 

Harper's  Weekly.... 

Chimney  Corner 

Literary  Album 

London  Society 

All  the  Year  Round. 
London  111.  News.   .. 


3  00 

5  00 

6  00 
15  00 


W.  E.  LOOMIS, 
News  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S,  E.  corner  of  Sansomeand 

Washington  streets, 

BUPPLTEB    AT.T. 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THE 

Tear,  Month,  or  Number, 


MINING    BUREAU 


Pacific  Coast. 


Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice- Consulate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son'B  Building) ,  Room  32,  Third  floor. 

J.  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.  Hutchtns,  secretary. 

N.B.— Application  for  Registry,  t  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary, San  Francisco  office. 


iiun&, 


BY    I>EWEY    Ac    CO. 

I'm. -..i    Hollcltora. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  2,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 


Selden's  Double-Acting  Plunger  Pump. 

Bt  Oim  New  Yobk  EDtTon. 

Our  readers  will  remember  that  a  short 
time  since  we  gave  a  description  of  the 
Scldcn  direct  acting-stoam  pump,  illus- 
trated by  sections,  otc.  We  give  below  a 
cut  of  a  Selden  pump  modified  to  suit  the 
requirements  of  mining  work.  The  steam 
end  is  the  same  as  that  describod  on  page 
81  of  Vol.  XXIII  of  the  Scientific  Pbess. 
At  the  right,  the  pump  is  seen,  consisting 
of  two  pump-barrels,  with  one  long 
plunger,  common  to  both,  and  secured  to 
the  steam-piston  with  a  steel  rod,  having, 
as  usual,  glands  to  pack  that  part  of  the 
plunger  working  through  the  barrel.  The 
suction-pipe,  which  is  common  to  both 
barrels,  is  seen  beneath  the  pump,  and 
the  discharge  pipe  is  seen  above. 

There  is  one  important  difference  be- 
tween this  pump  and  those  of  the  ordinary 
pattern,  namely,  an  arrangement  by  which 
the  steam  and  water  pis- 
tons may  be  brought  very 
near  each  other.  Immedi- 
ately above  the  piston-rod 
will  be  seen  a  smaller  rod, 
on  which  is  a  projection  or 
rounded  disk  termed  the 
"  dog."  This  upper  rod 
projects  into  the  steam-cyl- 
inder, and  also  into  the 
pump-cylinder,movingfree- 
ly  in  and  out  of  both;  of 
course,  in  itself  it  is  mo- 
tionless. The  »team-piston 
on  nearing  the  forward  end 
of  its  stroko,  strikes  against 
the  end  of  the  rod  which  is 
in  the  cylinder,  pushing  it 
outward.  The  dog  then 
impinges  against  the  rocker  immediately 
above  it,  communicating  motion  to  the 
valve-rod,  and  so  moving  the  slide-valve 
for  the  return  stroke.  As  the  latter 
reaches  its  end,  the  pump-plunger  in  its 
turn  strikes  against  the  end  of  the  rod  in 
the  pump  cylinder;  the  rocker  is  again 
moved,  and  the  slide  valves  placed  in  posi- 
tion for  the  forward  stroke. 

It  will  be  seen  at  once  that  the  move- 
ment of  the  valves  is  unaffected  by  the 
length  of  the  stroke.  And  besides  that,  as 
long  as  the  rocker,  which  is  only  tun 
inches  from  point  to  point,  has  space 
enough  to  work,  it  matters  not  how  close 
the  cylinders  (pump  and  steam)  be  placed 
together.  In  fact,  this  distance  need  not 
be  more  than  twenty-two  inches  for  any 
length  of  stroke.  Another  point  of  ad- 
vantage in  this  is  the  facility  with  which 
the  motion  can  be  reversed;  a  mere  press- 
ure of  the  finger  on  the  end  of  the  rocker 
being  sufficient  to  alter  its  position,  and 
so  change  that  of  the  valves. 

The  dimensions  of  one  of  these  pumps, 
recently  manufactured  by  Mr.  A.  Carr,  of 
No.  43  Cortland  street,  New  York,  are  as 
follows:  Length,  14  feet  6  inches.  Diam- 
eter of  steam  cylinder,  24  inches.  Diame- 
ter of  water  cylinder,  13%  inches.  Diam- 
eter of  plunger,  12  inches;  stroke,  36 
inches;    suction  and  discharge-pipes,   10 


inches.  Weight,  7'.,'  tons.  It  will  be 
noticed  from  those  data  that  the  diameter 
of  the  plunger  is  one  inch  and  a  half  less 
than  that  of  tho  cylinders  in  which  it 
works.  In  tho  ordinary  piston  pump,  the 
foreign  matter  rubbing  and  grinding  be- 
tween tho  interior  of  the  cylinder  and  tho 
piston,  necessarily  wears  out  the  parts 
with  which  it  comes  in  contact,  and  even- 
tually causes  them  to  rapidly  deteriorate. 
By  using  the  plunger  packed  by  a  double 
gland  in  the  centre,  two  points  are  gained. 
Tho  first  is  that  the  wear  of  sand  and  dirt 
upon  the  interior  of  the  cylinder  is  pre- 
vented, the  plunger  not  touching  the 
cylinder  by  %  of  an  inch.  The  second 
point,  of  no  less  value,  is  that  a  simple 
stuffing  box,  accessible  from  the  outside, 
takes  the  place  of  the  troublesome  pack- 
ing of  a  piston,  which  is  always  hard  to 
get  at  and  invariably  necessitates  the  stop- 
ping of  work  for  a  considerable  length 
of    time    when    a    renewal    is    desired. 


there  is  no  part  of  either  steam  or  pump 
end  that  may  not  be  supplied  from  an  ordi- 
nary machine  shop.  We  are  quite  sure 
that  the  whole  pump  could  be  turned  out 
from  any  foundry  in  the  country,  callable 
of  making  castings  of  the  required  size. 
In  a  word,  all  that  was  said  in  regard  to  the 
steam  pump  is  true  of  this  one.  Owners 
of  mines  will  not  be  slow  to  appreciate 
these  advantages,  especially  when  they 
wish  for  pumps  to  be  used  in  places  where 
tools  and  shops  are  not  of  easy  access.  The 
groat  reduction  of  weight  is  also  a  point 
that  will  be  strongly  in  their  favor,  where 
the  pumps  have  to  be  transported  on  mules 
over  mountain  roads  or  long  distances  in 
the  mountains  on  wagons. 

The   Iron  Interest   for    1872. 

We  notice  that  the  proprietors  of  our 
foundries  and  machine  shops  are  already 
rubbing  off  the  accumulated  dust  and  rust 
of  three  oonsecutive  years  of  comparative 
dull  times,  incident  to  the  drouth  so  gen- 
erally prevailing  over  all  the  Pacific  Coast 


SELDEN'S     DOUBLE-ACTING     PLUNGER     PUMP. 


In  regard  to  the  performances  of  these 
pumps  the  following  facts  communicated 
by  Mr.  Charles  Hutchinson,  will  give  a 
better  idea  of  the  value  of  the  pump 
than  anything  else.  Mr.  Hutchinson 
has  used  one  of  these  pumps  for  some 
time  past  at  his  coal  mine  (the  Hutchinson 
colliery,)  at  Kingston,  Pa.  The  depth  of 
the  shaft  being  175  feet,  a  column  of  water 
of  that  hight  and  ten  inches  in  diameter, 
is  raised  by  it;  and  running  only  some  ten 
strokes  per  minute,  it  discharges  some 
seventeen  gallons  per  stroke.  This  low 
speed  is  due  to  the  small  quantity  of  water 
in  the  mine;  as,  if  necessary,  a  velocity  of 
forty  strokes  per  minute  can  be  easily  ob- 
tained, when,  of  course,  a  proportionate 
amount  of  water  would  be  raised.  We 
learn  from  the  same  gentleman  that,  when 
starting  the  pump,  it  was  covered  with 
water;  and  yet,  as  ^soon  as  the  steam  was 
turned  on,  (which  was  done  above  ground 
at  the  boilers, )  it  started  and  did  its  work 
with  perfect  facility;  the  valves  also  work- 
so  smoothly  and  easily  on  their  seats  that 
they  made  no  noise  whatever;  a  point  of 
some  interest  when  recalling  the  vast  wear 
and  tear  and  incefsant  clatter  generally 
kept  up  by  these  parts. 

The  facility  for  repairs  is  a  leading 
characteristic  of  this  pump.  Except  the 
breaking  down  of  the  main  steam  cylinder 


and  interior  mining  region,  and  are  busy 
in  the  erection  of  new  and  improved  ma- 
chinery, necessary  to  meet  the  require- 
ments and  improvements  of  the  times,  in 
the  rendering  of  the  precious  and  other 
metals  from  their  baser  matrix.  Nor  can 
they  be  too  soon  in  their  preparations,  for 
already  orders  are  pouring  in  upon  them 
from  every  side.  In  California,  the  old 
mining  grounds  of  earlier  days  have  been 
revisited,  new  placers  and  new  lodes  of 
gold  bearing  quartz  have  been  unearthed, 
new  assays  of  long  neglected  claims  have 
been  made,  and  found  to  yield,  under  the 
workings  of  improved  machinery,  suffi- 
cient to  warrant  the  erection  of  works, 
where  ten  years  or  more  ago,  success 
would  have  been  at  best  doubtful. 

Oregon  and  Washington  Territory  are 
coming  down  with  their  orders  for  ma- 
chinery far  in  excess  of  the  Portland  foun- 
dries to  supply.  The  great  interior, 
Nevada,  Utah  and  Colorado,  though  some- 
times looking  to  the  East  with  wishful 
eyes  in  hopes  of  obtaining  a  moiety  of 
their  wants  supplied,  perhaps  at  lower 
rates,  still  depend  upon  the  San  Francisco 
shops  for  the  great  bulk  of  their  mining 
machinery;  whilst  Arizona  is  monthly  in- 
creasing her  demands  for  additional  facili- 
ties for  the  working  of  her  mines.  Thus 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  outlook  is  one  of  a 
prosperous  and  busy  future  for  our  work- 
ers in  iron,  and  all  interests  connected 
with  coast  or  interior  mining. 


The  Mining  Commissioner's  Report. 

We  are  sorry  to  see  that  Mr.  Kaymond's 
endeavors  to  further  tho  circulation  and 
distribution  of  his  reports  have  not  met 
with  the  success  that  they  deserve.  The 
report  was  rendered  in  March,  1871,  and 
the  usual  number  of  copies  for  Congress, 
the  departments,  public  offices,  etc.,  were 
promptly  ordered.  The  stereotype  plates 
have  been  lying  idle  ever  since  and  no 
copies  were  ordered  for  general  distribu- 
tion. This,  however,  has  not  been  the 
fault  of  the  Mining  Commissioner,  for  he 
has  persistently  endeavored  to  get  Con- 
gress to  take  some  action  as  to  the  number 
to  be  printed,  etc  A  resolution  authoriz- 
ing an  extra  edition  of  10,000  copies  was 
referred  to  the  committee  on  printing,  as 
is  usual,  and  after  much  delay  they  have 
finally  concluded  to  order  5,000  copies,  a 
number  ridiculously  small,  taking  into 
consideration  the  magnitude  of  the  inter- 
ests which  the  Commis- 
sioner represents.  The  Com- 
missioner of  Agriculture 
has  an  almost  unlimited 
supply  of  his  reports,  both 
monthly  and  annual,  and 
the  appropriation  for  print- 
ing purposes  in  that  De- 
partment is  large,  while  the 
Commissioner  of  mines  has 
a  paltry  sum  of  §10,000  per 
annum  with  which  to  per- 
fect his  researches,  travel, 
employ  deputies,  etc.;  and 
he  was  compelled  in  1870, 
in  order  to  make  his  report 
satisfactory  to  himself  to 
draw  on  his  own  private 
purse  to  defray  necessary 
expenses.  Last  year's  report,  "  American 
Mines  and  Mining,"  is  very  scarce,  and 
but  few  copies  are  in  circulation  on  this 
coast  where  they  are  most  needed.  What 
is  the  use  of  printing  an  edition  of  a  work 
like  this,  that  Congressmen  may  have  the 
pleasure  of  sending  a  number  of  copies  to 
their  constituents  in  the  Eastern  States, 
where  they  are  of  no  practical  value  what- 
ever. The  statistics,  review  of  mining  in- 
dustry, description  of  processes,  etc.,  are 
inestimably  valuable  to  the  people  en- 
gaged in  mining  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
the  appropriation  should  be  large  enough 
to  permit  this  information  to  be  dissemi- 
nated among  those  who  need  it. 

The  needs  and  prospects  of  the  West  de- 
mand a  large  edition  of  this  work,  and  it 
should  be  as  accessible  as  the  Agricultural 
reports  are.  As  it  is,  a  New  York  firm,  with 
a  commendable  enterprise  and  a  due  ap- 
preciation of  the  importance  of  the  report, 
have  printed  an  edition  on  their  own  re- 
sponsibility and  offer  it  for  sale.  The 
Commissioner  has  no  interest  in  this  edition 
either  direct  or  indirect,  and  it  will  be 
placed  on  sale  as  an  ordinary  work. 

Dewey  &  Co. ,  of  the  Scientific  Peess, 
have  obtained  the  agency  for  its  sale  on 
this  coast  from  the  publishers,  J.  B.  Ford 
&  Co.,  and  the  books  are  now  on  the  way. 
By  this  means,  and  with  no  thanks  to  Con- 
gress, mining  men  may  be  able  to  get 
copies  of  this  valuable  report. 


130 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS* 


[March  2,  1872. 


Causes  of  Depression  of  Placer  Mining. 

In  the  chapter  on  the  condition  of  min- 
ing industry  in  California,  in  Mr.  Ray- 
mond's last  report,  "  Mines,  Mills  and 
Furnaces  of  the  Pacific  Coast,"  of  which 
we  have  the  advance  sheets,  Mr.  W.  A. 
Skidmore  contributes  some  interesting 
facts  concerning  the  placers  of,  this  State. 
He  sums  up  the  causes  for  the  inactivity 
in  past  years  in  placer  mining  as  follows: 
1st.  The  injudicious  system  of  locations 
permitted  under  early  mining  laws  and 
regulations,  through  the  ignorance  of  the 
miners  of  the  character,  extent,  and  depth 
of  the  ditrital  deposits.  These  locations 
were  generally  made  in  claims  of  100  feet 
frontage,  running  back  to  the  center  or 
backbone  of  the  nearest  ridge,  regardless 
of  the  course  of  the  deposit,  such  claims 
being  too  small  to  justify  the  expenditure 
by  individual  owners  of  the  large  sums 
necessary  to  construct  tunnels  for  outlet 
and  drainage  of  their  ground. 

2d.  The  filling  and  choking  up  with  tail- 
ings, after  a  few  seasons  of  washing,  of  the 
ravines,  gulches,  and  rivers  which  served 
as  outlet  for  the  ground,  thus  preventing 
the  maintenance  of  flumes  of  sufficient 
length  and  grade  to  disintegrate  the  hard 
cement  found  underlying  the  top  dirt,  and 
rendering  imperative  the  construction  of 
long  tunnels  to  the  nearest  deep  stream, 
requiring,  in  some  cases,  years  of  labor 
and  the  disbursment  of  large  sums  with- 
out immediate  returns. 

3.  The  ignorance  of  the  people  and  of 
capitalists  of  the  unbounded  mineral  re- 
sources of  their  own  State;  the  sudden  and 
unhealthy  excitements  following  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  British  Columbia,  and 
silver  in  Nevada;  and  the  efforts  of  a  por- 
tion of  the  press  in  California,  in  the  in- 
terest of  land  speculators,  to  "  write  up  " 
agriculture  at  the  expense  of  mining. 

4th.  The  uncertain  tenure  of  mining 
ground  under  local  mining  regulations, 
which  differed  in  every  district,  and  affords 
no  adequate  protection  to  the  purchaser  of 
mining  ground  unless  he  remained  in  actual 
possession. 

Prospects  for  the  Future. 
In  speaking  of  the  future  of  this  branch 
of  mining  Mr.  Skidmore  says: 

Many  causes  have  operated  to  confirm 
me  in  the  opinion  that  the  future  is  bright 
with  promise.  A  more  lively  interest  is 
felt  by  capitalist  in  the  examination  and 
development  of  these  dormant  resources, 
and  the  information  disseminated  through 
the  medium  of  the  t  State  geological  sur- 
vey, and  the  various  reports  of  the  United 
States  mining  commissioners  have  not 
been  without  effect  in  turning  the  attention 
of  the  people  to  the  vast  stores  of  wealth 
at  their  very  doors.  One  of  the  most  en- 
couraging features  of  future  progress  is 
the  tendency  of  consolidation  and  co- 
operation on  the  part  of  owners  of  mining 
ground,  who  are  availing  themselves  of 
the  recent  act  of  Congress  to  acquire  a 
a  title  in  fee  simple  to  the  land  by  means 
of  a'  United  States  patent.  As  an  instance 
of  the  beneficial  operation  of  this  law,  we 
may  mention  the  .fact  that  one  company, 
the  North  Bloomfield  Gravel  Company, 
of  Nevady  County,  are  now  applying  for 
a  patent  to  1, 500  acres  of  mining  ground 
lying  between  the  Middle  and  the  South 
Yubariver.  Should  this  act  be  liberally  con- 
strued by  the  various  land  offices,  and  no  ex- 
pensive obstacles  placed  in  the  way  of  the 
miner  seeking  to  acquire  title  (as  was  the 
case  in  the  operation  of  the  act  for  acquir- 
ing title  to  quartz  ledges),  much  good 
will  result  to  th6  State  from  the  passage 
of  this  law. 

Important  improvements  have  been 
made  in  the  manner  of  using  water  in  the 
hydraulic  diggings.  Instead  of  project- 
five  hundred  to  one  thousand  inches  of 
water  through  two  or  four  pipes,  the 
leading  mines  now  run  their  water  through 
one  pipe  by  means  of  the  recently  invented 
hydraulic  .nozzles,  and  discharge  it  with 
immensely  increased  momentum  and 
effect  against  the  bank  they  desire  to  wash 
down,  accomplishing  greater  results  with 
less  labor  and  expense,  and  "enabling  one 
miner  to  regulate  the  discharge  of  a  thou- 
sand inches,  in  streams  of  six  inches  in 
diameter,  by  means  of  a  lever,  moving  a 
nozzle  which  turns  in  any  direction,  with 
more  ease  and  accuracy  than  three  men 
could  do  it  by  the  old  process.  So  power- 
ful is  the  force  exerted  by  these  large 
streams;  under  great  pressure,  that  many 
cemented  gravel  banks  which  formerly  re- 
quired the  use  of  powder  blasts  before 
washing,  can  now  be  cut  down  and  re- 
moved by  the  action  of  water  alone. 

He  then  specifies  a  number   of   drills, 
hydraulic  pipes  and  the  mechanical  appli- 


ances of  mining  and  improvements  in  the 
manner  of  working,  and  says:  As  these  im- 
provents  are  adopted,  the  amount  and 
profit  of  this  branch  of  mining  increases, 
and  the  steady  operation  of  these  causes, 
including  the  facilities  for  the  procure- 
ment of  title  to  mining  ground,  will  have 
a  tendency  to  materially  increase  the  gold 
product. 

Underground  Temperature. 

Late  observations,  embodied  in  a  report 
to  the  British  Association,  confirm  the  re- 
sults of  former  investigations  touching  the 
rate  of  increase  of  temperature  with  in- 
creasing depth.  The  average  appears  to 
be  about  one  degree  of  Fahrenheit  to  every 
fifty -four  feet  of  depth;  though  in  some 
localities  the  increase  is  much  more,  and 
in  others  much  less  rapid.  In  the  Mont 
Cenis  tunnel,  for  example,  at  a  point  di- 
rectly under  the  summit  of  the  mountain, 
which  is  quite  a  mile  overhead,  the  tem- 
perature was  found  to  be  85. 1  deg  Fahr. 
The  mean  annual  temperature  of  the  crest, 
as  estimated  from  a  comparison  of  ob- 
served temperatures  at  both  higher  and 
lower  levels,  is  27.3  deg.  Fahr.  Assuming 
this  estimate  to  be  correct,  the  increase  of 
temperature  downwards  is  at  the  rate  of 
1  deg.  Fahr.  in  93  feet,  which,  by  apply- 
ing a  conjectural  correction  for  the  con- 
vexity of  the  surface,  is  reduced  to  about 
1  deg.  Fahr.  in  81  feet,  as  the  correspond- 
ing rate  under  a  level  surface;  and  this  is 
about  the  rate  at  the  Dunkinfield  colliery 
in  England,  though  much  lower  than  the 
average  elsewhere  observed. 

A  more  rapid  increase  than  the  average 
given  above  has  been'  observed  at  Yakutsk, 
in  Siberia,  where,  according  to  Midden- 
dorf ,  the  temperature  runs  up  at  the  rate 
of  1°  Fahr.  in  49  feet  of  descent.  Dana 
mentions  that  Magnus  found  in  the  same 
locality  a  gain  of  15°  Fahr.  in  descending 
408  feet,  which  is  equal  to  1°  for  27  feet. 
It  is  stated  on  the  authority  of  General 
Helmerson,  of  the  Mining  College  at  St. 
Petersburg,  that  in  sinking  a  well  to  the 
depth  of  540  feet  at  Yakutsk,  the  soil  was 
found  to  be  frozen  the  entire  distance,  and 
the  probabilities  were  that  the  frost  had 
reached  a  depth  of  700  feet.  One  degree 
of  increase  in  52  feet  of  descent  was  the 
rate  in  this  well. 

It  is  found  that  the  rise  in  temperature 
as  the  thermometer  descends  is  not  always 
regular,  being  more  rapid  at  some  depths 
than  at  others.  Thus,  in  the  examination 
of  Shergin's  shaft,  in  Siberia,  between  the 
depths  of  150  and  200  feet,  the  temperature 
rose  at  the  rate  of  1°  in  20  feet,  while  be- 
tween 250  and  300  feet  the  increase  was  at 
the  rate  of  1°  in  96  feet.  A  similar,  though 
less  marked  difference,  has  been  observed 
in  the  Kentish  Town  well  in  England. 
Between  the  depths  of  325  and  910  feet, 
the  rate  of  advance  in  temperature  is  1°  in 
56  feet,  and  from  910  to  1,100,  1°  in  54  feet. 
The  strata  differ  materially  in  the  two 
spaces,  in  the  upper  space  consisting 
mainly  of  chalk  and  marl,  and  in  the 
lower  space  of  sand  and  clay;  whence  it 
has  been  suggested  that  the  irregularity  of 
the  rise  in  temperature  was  due  to  the 
varying  character   of  the  strata  traversed. 


Gold  Mining  on  the  Colorado. — The 
Deseret  News  has  a  correspondence  at  St. 
George,  who  writes,  February  5th,  as  fol- 
lows: Parties  are  just  up  from  St.  Thomas, 
on  the  Muddy,  who  report  considerable 
excitement  in  that  section  on  account  of 
the  discoveries  of  placer  gold  diggings  on 
the  Colorado,  above  the  mouth  of  the  Vir- 
gin. The  precious  metal  is  found  in  the 
fine  or  flour  state  and  it  is  reported  that 
half  an  ounce  is  made  a  day  to  the  hand. 
Several  parties  numbering  in  all  near  fifty 
men,  have  made  an  outfit  here  and  at  the 
Muddy  and  gone  over  with  three  months' 
outfit  to  work.  The  spot  they  have  select- 
ed is  above  the  mouth  of  Grand  Wash, 
near  the  mouth  of  Diamond  river,  proba- 
bly from  75  to  100  miles  either  from  St. 
Thomas,  St.  George  or  Kanab.  Parties 
have  visited  and  prospected  various  places 
along  the  river,  as  well  as  the  spot  des- 
cribed and  say  that  there  is  fine  gold  in  the 
sands  all  along  the  river.  The  parties  seem 
satisfied  that  they  have  a  good  thing  and 
that  the  Colorado  will  be  lined  with  mining 
camps  ere  another  winter  sets  in. 


Winnemucca  Silver  Mines. 

It  may  not  be  generally  known,  says  the 
Humboldt  Register,   but  it  is  nevertheless 
a  fact  that    the    mines    in    Winnemucca 
mountain,  so  far  as  they  have  been  worked 
have  turned  out  as  good  results,  if  not  a 
better  showing  than   any  of  the  mines  in 
Humbold  county  or  in  the  Eastern  part  of 
the  State.     Within  the   last  three  years 
there  have  been   over  a  thousand  tons  of 
ore  taken  from  the   Wearmouth,  French 
and  Kunkle   claims,   the  three   principal 
locations  in  the   district,   and  shipped  to 
Eye  Patch,  Eeno   and  San  Francisco  for 
reduction.      The    receipts   of    the    mill- 
men  show  that  this   ore  gave   an  average 
yield  of  $150  per  ton.     Some  thirty  tons 
of  first-class  ore  taken    from  the   above 
claims,  which  are  located   on  the  "  Pride 
of  the  Mountain  Ledge,"  milled  as  high 
as  $500  per  ton.     Also,  some  250  tons  ship- 
ped to   Swansea  went  $143  and  some  cents 
per  ton.    Are  there  any  other  mines  in 
Humboldt  county  that  have  as  yet  made 
a  better  showing?      The    ledge  proper, 
from  which  this  ore  was  taken  is  about  4 
feet  between  casings  at  the  bottom  of  the 
incline,  200  feet  from   the   surface,  show- 
ing   a  stratum   of  40  inches  wide    solid 
mineral.     From  the   ore  already  worked, 
it  is  a  well-established  fact,   that   the  en- 
tire ledge  between  casings  is  a  true  fissure 
vein,  and  will  work  over  $100  per  ton  all 
through.     In  order  to  satisfy  the  curious, 
we  give  the  number  of  the  assays  made  by 
two   experienced  and  practical  assayers: 
The  general  average  of  16  assays  of  differ- 
ent lots  of  ore  as  made  by  J.  A.  Allgauer 
was  $271.79  per  ton.      That   of  20  assays 
made  by  the  Cahill  Bros.,  of  Austin,  Nev., 
was  $235.45;  the  highest  being  $2,389.03 
and  the  lowest  $28.85.     Where  is  there  a 
ledge  in  this  part  of  the   State,  that  does, 
or   can  make   a  better   exhibit  than  the 
"Pride  of  the   Mountain."    The  Eureka 
ores  are  very    base   and    low   grade  and 
some  two  hundred   miles  off  the  railroad; 
the    South    Mountain    (Idaho)    ores    are 
about  the  same  as  the  ores  in  the  Eureka 
district,   and   located   over  two   hundred 
miles  north  of  the   C.   P.   Railroad  in   a 
country  where  snow  is   four  feet  deep  six 
months  in  a  year. 

It  may  look  a  little  strange  to  those  un- 
acquainted with  the  circumstances,  that 
with  such  a  showing  the  jledges  are  not 
worked.  The  reason  is  obvious.  The 
ledges  are  owned  by  men  who  are  unable 
to  erect  proper  reduction  works,  and  they 
have  learned  by  experience  that  ores  pay- 
ing less  than  $150  per  ton,  will  not  pay 
the  expense  of  shipment  and  reduction, 
and  leave  any  margin  for  the  mine  owners. 
If  the  ore  could  be  reduced  at  or  near  the 
mines,  even  $50  ore  could  be  made  to  pay 
a  handsome  profit. 


Nevada's  Bullion  Product  in  1871. 

The  Virginia  City  (Nev.),  Enterprise, 
says:  When  we  predicted,  more  than  a 
year  ago,  that  the  bullion  product  of  Ne- 
vada for  1871  would  exceed  twenty  millions 
of  dollars,  most  of  the  journals  of  Cal- 
ifornia treated  the  assumption  as  a  pleas- 
ant piece  of  bombast.  The  complete  fig- 
-ures  are  not  before  us,  but  from  a  care- 
fully prepared  statement  by  the  General 
Agent  of  Wells'  Fargo  &  Co.,  we  are  satis- 
fied that  the  bullion  produet  of  Nevada 
amounted  to  not  less  than  twenty-five  mill- 
ions of  dollars  during  the  year  1871. 
This  equals  the  gold  product  of  Califor- 
nia, and  henceforth  we  shall  claim  for  this 
State  the  first  rank  as  the  gold  and  silver 
producing  commonwealth  of  the  Republic. 
Assuming  the  product  to  be  twenty-five 
millions  of  dollars,  and  a  simple  calcula- 
tion shows  that  $536  in  gold  and  silver 
was  extracted  from  the  earth  and  put  in 
circulation  by  every  man,  woman  and 
child  in  the  State.  The  amounts  shipped 
by  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  from  six  of  the 
principal  districts  of  the  State  during  the 
year  1871,  are  as  follows : 

PLACE.  AMOUNT. 

Virginia  and  Gold  Hill $11,053,328.28 

Koche 3,982,227.89 

Eureka 2,173,105.50 

Hamilton  and  Treasure  Hill 1,339,420.33 

Austin 965.53G.17 

Mineral  Hill 701,014  00 


Oakville  Quicksilver  Mine.  —  We 
visited,  a  few  days  since,  the  Oakville 
Quicksilver  Mine,  situated  some  fourteen 
miles  above  Napa  City,  and  within  one 
mile  and  a  half  of  the  Calistoga  Railroad. 
The  company  have  excavated  3,000  feet  of 
tunnel,  and  drifts  have  been  run ,  which 
denote  a  rich  ledge  of  1,500  feet,  lying  be- 
tween sandstone  and  slate.  There  are 
about  1,000  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump,  and 
at  least  10,000  tons  are  developed  in  the 
mine.  A  lare  amount  of  pure  cinnabar  is 
now  being  discovered  in  the  lower  tunnels, 
and,  in  the  opinion  of  experts,  the  leads 
will  soon  open  into  chambers  of  the  same 
ore.  The  price  of  this  ore  varies  in  value 
from  $40  to  $800  per  ton.  The  Company 
lately  started  a  ten-ton  furnace,  which 
works  splendidly  and  is  now  turning  out 
some  400  pounds  of  quicksilver  per  day. 
It  is  the  intention  to  erect  a  furnace  of 
much  greater  capacity  when  the  yield  of 
quicksilver  will  be  proportionately  in- 
creased.— News  Letter. 


Total $20,214,632.17 

It  is  well  known  that  the  product  of  the 
mines  of  Virginia  and  Gold  Hill  in  1871 
was  considerably  in  excess  of  $11,053,328. 
The  yield,  as  shown  by  the  books  of  the 
County  Assessor,  exceeded  this  amount  by 
about  two  millions  of  dollars.  The  state- 
ment of  the  General  Agent  of  Wells,  Fargo 
&  Co.,  was  doubtless  compiled  from  the 
shipments  by  that  Company,  and  does  not 
embrace  a  number  of  district  from  which 
very  considerable  amounts  of  bullion  were 
taken  in  1871.  A  large  amount  of  base 
bullion  has  been  shipped  directly  to  the 
East  for  separation,  from  the  eastern  coun- 
ties of  the  State.  Much  of  this  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  statement  referred  to,  as  it 
was  not  shipped  through  Wells,  Fargo  & 
Co.  It  is  therefore  reasonable  to  assume 
that  the  gold  and  silver  product  of  Ne- 
vada for  1871  was  all  of  $25,000,000,  and 
that  for  1872  it  will  exceed  this  amount  bv 
$5,000,000. 


The  receipts  of  the  Patent  Office  at 
Washington,  last  year,  were  $678,716,  and 
the  expenditures  $562,104.  The  balance 
was  paid  into  the  Treasury,  amounting  to 
$116,624,  making  the  balance  to  the  credit 
of  the  office  January  1st,  1872,  $759,970. 
The  number  of  applications  for  patents 
was  19,472;  of  patents  granted,  13,333; 
and  of  patents  expired,  2,654.  The  whole 
number  granted  to  citizens  of  the  United 
States  was  12,511. 


Starch. — There  seems  to  be  among  the 
imports  into  our  State  none  so  needless  as 
that  of  starch.  With  soil  that  produces 
so  bounteous  a  yield  of  the  raw  material, 
California  should  be  exporting  instead  of 
importing  it.  Other  States  with  less  ad 
vantages  ship  starch  to  foreign  ports 
while  we  import  over  $150,000  worth 
per  annum.  A3  late  Indianapolis  paper 
announces  the  shipment  from  that  city  of 
two  thousand  boxes  of  starch  to  Liverpool 
via  New  York.  California  could  land  it  in 
Liverpool  at  an  equal  if  not  lower  cost  for 
freight  than  Indianapolis,  and  certainly 
our  advantages  for  cheap  manufacture  will 
enable  us  to  furnish  it  ready  for  shipment 
at  a  much  cheaper  rate.  We  wonder  that 
some  of  our  farmers  have  not  ere  this 
started  a  co-operative  starch  factory  to 
dispose  of  their  surplus  produce. 

I     Mechanics,  write  for  your  paper. 


Manzanita. — This  scrubby  bush  (for  it 
seldom  attains  the  dignity  of  a  tree)  is  well 
known  to  all  old  Californians,  who  areCal- 
ifornians  enough  to  have  visited  the  beau- 
tiful mountains  of  the  State.  The  wood  of 
the  manzanita  is  hard  and  susceptible  of  a 
beautiful  polish.  In  early  days  a  man  who 
did  not  carry  a  walking-cane  made  of  man- 
zanita was  not  exactly  in  the  fashion.  Such 
canes  became  too  common  however,  to  con- 
tinue the  rage  in  California;  like  '  'specimen 
jewelry,"  they  were  valued  only  as  presents 
to  be  sent  East.  No  one  in  these  days 
hears  of  a  great  man  being  presented  with 
a  manzanita  cane  which  has  a  gold  head 
quartz  setting.  The  pioneers  of  the  moun- 
tains at  an  early  day  discovered  that  the 
manzanita  made  a  most  excellent  firewood. 
It  makes  the  hottest  fire  of  any  wood  to  be 
found  in  the  State,  or  perhaps  any  to  be 
found  in  the  world.  There  is  a  drawback, 
however,  to  the  qualities  of  the  manzanita 
as  fuel.  It  makes  too  hot  a  fire  for  the 
stove  of  the  period,  It  burns  out  a  stove 
too  rapidly  for  economy.  In  an  old- 
fashioned  fire  place  the  piled  manzanita 
logs  with  brilliant  flame,  lively  sparkle 
and  glowing  coals  make  all  the  comfort  a 
fire  can  make,  of  a  night  when  the  ther- 
mometer is  coquetting  with  zero.  So  the 
large  manzanita  bushes  have  been  cut 
away  from  the  hillsides  near  mining 
camps.  ! 

The  Digger  Indians  have  always  used 
the  berries  of  the  manzanita  as  food. 
They  contain  a  large  percentage  of  grape 
sugar  and  are  rich  in  gluten.  Manzanita 
grows  all  over  the  mountain  sides  of  Cali- 
fornia, on  the  Coast  Range,  and  on  the 
Sierras.  It  grows  from  low  down.in  the 
foothills  to  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet.  The 
production  of  these  berries  is  therefore 
practically  unlimited,  as  nature  has  ar- 
ranged it.  What  can  be  done  by  cultiva- 
tion?— Grass  Valley  Union. 

Iron  Ships. — In  one  ship-building  es- 
tablishment in  Philadelphia  there  are  five 
first-class  iron  steamships  in  process  of 
construction,  with  an  aggregate  tonnage  of 
13,000  tons,  which  will  require  for  their 
construction  16,000,000  pounds  of  iron , 
and  the  ships  when  completed  will  cost 
$2,500,000. 


March  2,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


131 


ECHANICAL     $?ROGRESS. 


Builder's    Hardware. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Scientific  Ameri- 
can culls  attention  to  the  poor  quality  of 
the  large  majority  of  the  builder's  bard 
wore,  now  in  uso,  sucb  as  nails,  screws, 
binges,  latches,  locks,  window  pulleys, 
hooks,  eto.  The  correspondent  assumes, 
which  is  an  undoubted  fact,  that  there  is 
not  a  honso  carpenter  in  the  country  who 
has  not  had  his  patience  tried  by  the  poor 
quality  and  frequent  .failure  of  some  of 
theso  articles. 

Nails,  as  brittle  as  cast  iron,  are  quite 
common  articles;  the  iron  of  which  some 
of  them  are  made  is  so  poorly  welded 
that  they  often  split  by  the  first  stroke  of 
tho  hammer.  Our  American  sorews,  in 
form  and  finish,  uro  all  that  need  bo  de- 
sired, and  yet  the  material  of  which  somo 
of  them  are  made  is  so  poor  that  their 
heads  snap  in  tho  act  of  screwing  them  into 
soft  pine ;  the  round  headed  ones  are 
especially  liable  to  this  fault.  The  square 
corner  under  the  head  is  unfavorable  to 
strength,  and  a  round  corner  or  trumpet 
form  would  greatly  improve  their  strength 
at  this  point;  the  slots  in  some  of  tboir 
heads  are  so  shallow  that  they  are  useless 
until  they  are  reslotted.  Those  brilliant 
mineral  and  porcelain  knobs,  which  add 
Buch  a  pleasing  finish  to  our  doors,  fre- 
quently jar  off  from  their  metal  sockets  for 
the  want  of  a  stronger  and  dcepor  dove- 
tail to  the  sockots;  and  the  sockets  are 
oontiuually  getting  loose  upon  the  square 
shanks  for  want  of  a  snug  and  proper  fit 
to  the  screws  that  hold  them  on.  The 
rivets  that  holds  the  cheeks  to  the  window 
pulleys  are  often  so  slightly  headed  that 
tho  cheeks  spread  as  soon  as  the  weight  is 
applied. 

Thcso  are  somo  of  the  defects  which 
sometimes  try  the  patience  not  only  of 
builders  and  housekeepers,  but  of  every- 
body who  is  able  to  raise  a  window  or  open 
a  door.  It  would  cost  but  little  more  to 
make  these  things  of  good  material  and 
strong  and  servicable  at  the  points  I  have 
named,  than  it  does  in  the  present  faulty 
manner. 

This  is  a  matter  of  considerable  impor 
tance;  and  the  correspondent  above  alluded 
to  thinks  if  the  manufacturers  could  ap- 
preciate it,  as  some  others  do,  our  hard- 
ware stores  would  soon  cease  .to  be  encum- 
bered with  these  demoralized  articles. 


Straw  for  Boiler  Fuel. 

Wo  lately  alluded  to  tho  possibility  oi 
adopting  In  California  the  plan  recently 
introduced  in  some  grain-growing  sections 
of  Kurope,  of  employing  tho  wasto  straw 
for  steam  boiler  fuel,  instead  of  contiuuing 
the  wastful  practice  of  burning  it  as 
refnso.  In  reference  to  this  matter  the 
Now  York  Artisan  says: 

In  no  way  does  tho  rapid  dissemination 
of  information  from  0110  country  to  anoth- 
er bear  better  fruit  than  in  the  develop- 
ment of  industries.  In  California  the 
thrashed  straw  from  vast  fields  of  grain  is 
of  little  worth,  but  the  steam  power  re- 
quired in  thrashing  is  expensive,  because 
of  the  cost  of  fuel.  No  one  ou  tho  Pacific 
Coast  appears  to  have  thought  of  adopting 
tho  tiro-box  of  the  portable  boiler  to  burn- 
ing straw  until  experiments  in  far  off 
Hungary  wore  heard  of.  In  that  country, 
straw  for  fuel  was  found  to  cost  but  one 
seventh  as  much  as  wood  in  the  furnace. 
In  one  experiment,  it  is  stated,  a  sixteen 
horse-power  engine  thrashed  four  hundred 
and  eighty  bushels  of  grain  in  twelve 
hours,  with  a  weight  of  straw  equal  to  that 
of  half  a  cord  of  oak.  The  story  seems 
extravagant,  and  we  mention  it  for  what  it 
is  worth;  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
the  quick,  tierce  blaze  of  the  straw,  proper- 
ly fed  to  a  furnace  of  suitable  construc- 
tion, might  be  mado  to  produce  a  more 
effective  generation  of  steam  than  the  com- 
paratively slow  and  sullen  combustion  of 
the  wood.  The  plan,  at  all  events,  is 
thought,  by  Californians  well  qualified  to 
judge,  to  bo  worthy  of  extended  trial  on 
the  coast,  and  it  cannot  be  denied  that  dry 
straw  should  make  a  better  furnace-fire 
than  the  wet  tan  or  the  damp  sawdust  suc- 
cessfully used  respectively  in  the  furnaces 
of  our  Eastern  tanneries  and  lumber  estab- 
lishments. 


Photographed  Nerve  Sections. 

Dr.  Duchenne,  of  Boulogne,  has  pre- 
sented to  the  French  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine an  album  containing  copies  of  photo- 
graphs of  the  appearances  presented  by 
sections  of  the  great  sympathetic  nerve, 
the  spinal  ganglia,  the  spinal  cord,  and 
the  medulla  oblongatta  greatly  magnified. 
He  fixed  the  photographs  on  stone  by  a 
process  he  termed  photoautography,  the 
details  of  which,  however,  he  does  not 
communicate.  It  is  satisfactory  to  find 
him  stating  that  the  results  confirm  the 
substantial  accuracy  of  the  beautiful  draw- 
ings made  by  Dr.  Lockhart  Clarke  on  the 
central  part  of  the  nervous  Bystem,  and 
especially  upon  the  medulla  oblongata. 
In  his  latter  experiments  Dr.  Duehenne 
has  adopted  Dr.  Clarke's  method  of  pre- 
paration with  chromic  acid  and  carmine. 
He  states  that  certain  micrographio  de- 
tails come  out  with  wonderful  clearness 
in  the  photographs,  and  that  by  this 
means  some  important  additions  '.may  be 
made  to  our  knowledge.  He  has  ascer- 
tained that  in  the  white  substance  of  the 
medulla  oblongata  there  are  nerve  tubules 
from  thirty-three  ten  thousandths  of  a 
millimeter  to  three-hundredths  of  a  milli- 
ter in  diameter.  — Nature. 


Welding  Coppee. — To  unite  two  pieces 
of  copper  by  welding  has  puzzled  many 
mechanics  and  metallurgists,  but  we  read, 
in  a  cotemporary,  of  its  recent  successful 
achievement.  A  compound  of  358  parts 
phosphate  of  soda  and  124  parts  boracie 
acid  is  prepared,  and  is  used  when  the 
metal  is  at  a  dull  red  heat;  the  heat  is  then 
increased  till  the  metal  becomes  of  a 
cherry  red  color,  and  the  latter  is  at 
once  hammered.  A  hammer  of  wood  is 
recommended  for  this  purpose,  as  the 
metal  is*  liable  to  soften  at  a  high  heat;  and 
the  hammer  should  be  used  cautiously. 
All  scale  and  carbonaceous  matter  must  be 
removed  from  the  surface  of  the  copper, 
as  the  success  of  the  welding  depends  on 
the  formation  of  an  easily  fusible  phos- 
phate of  copper,  which  would  be  reduced 
to  a  phosphide  by  the  presence  of  carbon. 


The  Coloring  of  Veneers, 

Some  manufacturers  of  Germany,  who 
had  been  supplied  from  Paris  with  ve- 
neer, colored  throughout  their  mass,  were 
necessitated  by  the  late  war  to  produce 
them  themselves.  Experiments  made 
in  this  direction  gave  in  the  beginning 
colors  fixed  only  on  the  outside,  while  the 
inside  was  untouched,  until  the  veneers 
were  soaked  for  twenty-four  hours  in  a 
solution  of  caustic  soda,  containing  ten 
per  cent,  of  soda,  and  boiled  therein  for 
half  an  hour;  after  washing  them  with 
sufficient  water,  to  remove  the  alkali,  they 
may  bo  dyed  throughouttheir  mass.  This 
treatment  with  soda  effects  a  general  dis- 
integration of  the  wood,  whereby  it  be- 
comes in  the  moist  state  elastic  and  leather- 
like, and  ready  to  absorb  the  color;  it 
must,  then,  after  dyeing,  be  dried  be- 
tween sheets  of  paper,  and  subjected  to 
pressure  to  retain  its  shape.  Veneers 
treated  in  this  way,  and  left  for  twenty- 
four  hours  in  a  hot  decoction  of  log- wood 
(one  part  of  log-wood  to  three  of  decoc- 
tion), removing  them  after  the  lapse  of 
that  time,  and,  after  drying  them  super- 
ficially, putting  them  into  a  hot  solution 
of  copperas  (one  part  of  copperas  to  thirty 
of  water) ,  will,  after  twenty-four  hours, 
become  beautifully  and  completely  dyed 
black. 

A  solution  of  one  part  of  picric  acid  in 
sixty  of  water,  with  the  addition  of  so 
much  ammonia  as  to  become  perceptible 
to  the  nose,  dyes  the  veneers  yellow,  which 
color  is  not  in  the  least  affected  by  subse- 
quent varnishing.  Coralline  dissolved  in 
hot  water,  to  which  a  little  caustic  soda 
and  one-fifth  of  its  volume  of  soluble  glass 
has  been  added,  produces  rose  colors  of 
different  shades,  dependent  on  the  amount 
of  coralline  taken.  The  only  color  which 
veneers  will  take  up,  without  previous 
treatment  of  soda,  is  silver  gray,  produced 
by  soaking  them  for  a  day  in  a  solution  of 
copperas  (one  of  copperas  to  one  hundred 
of  water) . — Exchange. 

New  Matebial  foe  Ceucibles. — A  new 
mineral  has  recently  been  discovered  at 
Wocheina,  in  Krain,  a  province  of  Austria, 
which  is  reported  as  promising  to  become 
of  much  importance  in  the  manufacture 
of  crucibles,  etc.,  for  assayers,  steel- 
making,  etc.  This  mineral  is  called 
Wochenit,  after  the  place  where  it  is 
found.  Its  chief  recommendation  lies  in 
its  large  percentage  (50.82)  of  alumina. 
Riehter  has  demonstrated  that  the  resistance 
of  crucibles  to  the  effects  of  heat  depends 
largely  upon  the  amount  of  alumina  con- 
tained in  the  fireclay.  The  new  mineral 
is  found  to  do  best  when  mixed  in  about 
equal  proportions  with  the  best  fireclay. 


scientific  Progress. 


To  Detf.ct  the  Pbesbnce  of  Axmos- 
PHBBIC  Am  in  Illuminating  Gas. — It  ia 
well  known  that  gas  companies  sometimes 
mix  atmospheric  air  with  their  gas,  which, 
while  it  measures  more,  adds  nothing  to 
tho  intensity  of  tho  light;  moreover  while 
pure  illuminating  gas  as  it  exists  in  a  gas- 
ometer is  entirely  inexplosive,  a  small  ad- 
mixture of  air  with  it  renders  a  gasometer 
almost  as  dangerous  as  a  powder  magazine.' 
In  fact  a  gasometer  in  England  recently 
exploded,  from  being  so  mixed  or  adultera- 
ted, under  circumstances,  which,  had  the 
gas  been  pure,  could  not  possibly  have 
produced  any  such  result. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  Mr.  Lewis 
Thompson  has  devised  a  solution  for  the 
detection  of  air  so  mixed  which  he  pro- 
poses as  follows:  A  glass  flask  of  about  % 
litre  capacity,  with  two  tubes  in  the  cork, 
is  provided,  and  into  this  is  poured  14  to 
15  grammes  of  anhydrous  sulphate  of 
manganese  previously  dissolved  in  15  grins, 
of  hot  water.  To  this  is  added  CO  grins,  of 
tartrate  of  soda  dissolved  in  90  grnis.  of 
hot  water.  When  these  are  well  mixed, 
25  centilitres  of  a  caustic  potassa  solution 
are  introduced  and  the  whole  agitated  to 
form  a  clear  solution.  This  done  the  cork 
is  quickly  placed  in  tho  flask  and  one  of 
the  tubes  pushed  down  till  it  dips  below 
the  surface  of  the  solution.  The  gas  may 
now  be  passed  through  this,  when,  if  any 
air  is  present,  the  color  of  the  solution 
deepens  to  that  of  strong  porter  or  even  to 
the  blackness  of  ink,  according  to  the 
quantity  of  air  which  is  present. 

It  is  claimed  that  this  preparation  will 
detect  the  presence  of  even  an  infinitessi- 
mal  quantity  of  air.  If  so,  it  might  be 
made  useful  as  a  detection  where  gas  com- 
panies are  desirous  of  increasing  the  bills 
of  their  customers,  without  any  expense  to 
themselves. 


Chemical  Climotalogy.  —  Dr.  Argus 
Smith,  an  English  sanitarian  and  scientist, 
has  recently  submitted  a  paper  of  enquiry 
as  to  whether  or  not  it  may  yet  be  found 
practicable  to  ascertain  the  salubrity  of 
any  district  by  means  of  an  exact  chemi- 
cal determination  of  the  nature  of  the 
atmosphere  of  the  locality.  The  Doctor 
thinks  it  is  safer  to  examine  the  condition 
of  the  air  by  a  few  chemical  experiments 
than  by  waiting  to  see  how  many  deaths 
take  place  in  a  thousand  of  the  population. 
The  state  of  purity  of  the  atmosphere, 
he  considers,  is  best  determined  by  the 
amount  of  albuminoid  ammonia  which  it 
includes,  just  as  the  drinking  quality  of  a 
water  is  estimated  in  proportion  to  its 
freedom  from  that  ingredient,  with  its 
usual  association  of  germs  and  other  sew- 
age impurities.  He  selects  the  air  of 
Valencia,  Ireland,  on  the  brink  of  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  as  a  good  example  of  pure 
sea  air,  and  gives  it  a  standard  number — 
100.  Compared  with  this,  and  descend- 
ing in  the  scale  of  salubrity,  he  instances  as 
as  follows: — Scotland,  (inland)  1.29;  Scot- 
land, (sea  coast),  3.11;  England,  (inland), 
3.15;  Liverpool,  4.07;  London,  6.03; 
Manchester,  6.21 

Pbeserving  Beet  Leaves  foe  Stock. — 
M.  Mehay  states,  in  a  French  Sugar  Jour- 
nal, that  beet  leaves  may  not  only  be  pre- 
served in  good  condition,  as  food  for 
stock,  for  a  period  of  six  months  or  more; 
but  that  their  food  qualities  are  also  act- 
ually improved  by  the  process.  The  mode 
of  preserving  is  as  follows:  A  weak  solu- 
tion of  hydrocloric  acid  in  water  is  prepared 
of  a  density  of  from  3'  to  4°  Baume. 
The  leaves  are  then  placed  in  baskets  or 
by  other  suitable  means  plunged  for  a  mo- 
ment into  this  solution.  About  1.5  per 
cent,  of  the  weight  in  acid  of  the  leaves  to 
be  cured  is  used  in  preparing  the  solution. 
This  process  is  said  to  be  well  suited  for 
all  domestic  animals,  and  especially  for 
milch  cows.  Our  beet  sugar  manufacturers 
should  make  a  note  of  the  above. 


Effect  of  Petroleum  on  Metals. — A 
bronze  composed  of  seven  parts  of  copper, 
four  of  zinc  and  one  of  tin  has  been  found 
to  be  so  hard  that  it  is  very  difficult  to 
work,  and  is  yet  of  considerable  value  for 
certain  purposes  when  worked.  So  great 
is  this  value  that  various  methods  have 
been  tried,  and  much  ingenuity  applied  in 
efforts  to  devise  a  ready  method  of  working 
the  alloy.  Quite  recently,  according  to 
Jour  deV  Eclairage  au  Gazette,  M.  Bech- 
stein  has  attained  this  desirable  end  by 
soaking  the  allot/  in  petroleum. 


Illustrations  of  Popular  Lectures. — 
One  of  the  most  oncouraging  evidences  of 
the  increased  interest  felt  by  tho  Ameri- 
can public  in  the  matter  of  Scientific  Pro- 
gress is  the  increasing  demand  for  popu- 
lar lectures  upon  various  scientific  sub- 
jects. The  demand  is  also  calling  ont  the 
ingenuity  of  American  scientists  in  de- 
vising ways  and  means  for  more  instruct- 
ive and  striking  modes  of  illustration.  As 
a  notable  instance  of  progress  in  this  di- 
rection reference  has  been  made  to  some 
ingenious  devices  by  which  Prof.  Morton 
of  New  York  represents  a  total  eclipse  of 
tho  mi.  showing  the  advance  of  the  moon; 
the  crescent  sun;  Baily's  beads,  and  then 
ut  totality,  tho  outburst  of  the  "  Corona" 
and  the  red  prominences  or  "  solar  flames." 

The  formation  of  tho  sun  flames  was 
beautifully  illustrated  before  the  vertical 
lantern  by  means  of  a  layer  of  water  col- 
ored red  by  carmine,  at  the  bottom  of  a 
tank  of  clear  water.  The  "flames  were 
produced  by  passing  electricity  through  a 
tine  coil  of  wire  in  the  tank,  by  which,  ow- 
ing to  the  heating  of  the  wire,  currents 
were  produced  which  bore  up  the  red  fluid. 

In  conclusion,  to  illustrate  the  value 
of  the  compound  light  of  the  sun,  as  com- 
pared with  the  monochromatic  light  of 
sodium,  the  entire  building  was  illumina- 
ted alternately  with  the  electric  and  with 
pure  yellow  light,  the  latter  seeming  to 
destroy  every  trace  of  color  in  all  objects 
present. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  an  American  au- 
dience has  ever  been  favored  with  more 
elegantly  illustrated  lectures  on  science. 

Calefaction. — M.  Laborde  has  made 
some  suggestive  experiments  on  calefac- 
tion.  He  let  a  thin  thread  of  water  pass 
through  the  jet  from  the  blowpipe,  and 
he  found  on  examination  that  the  water 
which  had  thus  passed  through  a  heat 
capable  cf  melting  almost  any  metal,  was 
but  slightly  warmed;  in  fact,  the  differ- 
ence was  but  three  degrees.  If  a  jet  is 
passed  through  an  ordinary  flame,  the  in- 
crease in  temperature  is  considerably 
higher,  probably  owing  to  the  incandes- 
cent particles  carried  away  by  the  liquid 
from  the  smoke.  A  sheet  of  water  pre- 
sents similar  evidence.  If  the  jet  from 
the  blowpipe  is  directed  against  it,  it  is 
not  pierced,  nor  is  there  any  sensible  heat- 
ing effect.  The  finger  can  be  brought  to 
within  a  few  millimeters  of  the  flame,  and 
yet  there  is  no  sensation  to  indicate  the 
close  proximity  of  an  otherwise  so  patent 
source  of  heat.  It  is  suggested  that  if, 
instead  of  the  metallic  curtain  used  in 
theaters  in  the  case  of  fire,  a  sheet  of  run- 
ning water  were  interposed,  so  as  totally 
or  partly  to  enclose  or  shut  out  the  fiery 
element,  that  would  be  an  improvement 
upon  the  systems  at  present  adopted. 

The  Chemical  Influence  of  Solar 
Light. — It  has  been  observed  that  the  in- 
tensity of  the  diffused  light  of  the  sky 
(not  of  that  reflected  by  the  clouds)  is 
proportional,  within  certain  limits,  to  that 
of  the  sun.  When  the  altitude  of  the  lat- 
ter above  the  horizon  does  not  reach  10°, 
the  intensity  of  the  chemical  action  of  its 
light  is  practically  nothing,  while  the  ac- 
tion of  that  which  is  reflected  from  the  sky 
is  quite  appreciable.  Now,  we  fenow  that 
the  chemical  intensity  of  the  solar  light 
increases  constantly  and  regularly  accord- 
ing as  its  altitude  increases,  and  that  it 
reaches  its  maximum  when  it  has  passed 
the  meridan. 

These  phenomena  are  easily  explained,  if 
we  recollect  the  higher  the  sun  mounts  in 
its  apparent  course,  the  less  distance  do  its 
rays.have  to  traverse  in  the  absorbing  atmos- 
phere of  our  planet.  As  the  sun  sinks  in 
the  afternoon,  we  remark  a  corresponding 
decrease  in  the  active  power  of  its  light 
and  the  relation  pointed  out  exists  without 
reference  to  variations  in  the  state  of  the 
atmosphere. 

The  Iron  Ship  a  Magnet. — The  follow- 
ing are  a  few  important  facts,  as  deduced 
by  Mr.  Stebbing  from  his  experience  of 
iron  ships:  1.  A  compass  may  be  very  true 
on  one  or  several  points,  and  greatly  dis- 
turbed on  others.  2.  The  errors  of  one 
ship  are  no  guide  to  the  errors  of  another. 
3.  The  errors  are  least  toward  the  middle 
of  the  vessel.  4.  Every  iron  ship  is  a  mag- 
net in  itself;  some  have  the  north  pole  aft, 
and  some  the  Bouth.  The  magnetic  axis  is 
frequently  determined  diagonally  through 
the  ship.  5.  There  are  in  all  ships  two 
points,  either  opposite  or  nearly  so,  at 
which  there  is  no  error;  there  are  two  other 
points  where  the  error  is  the  greatest.  An 
error  will  sometimes  not  alter  three  de- 
grees in  a  range  of  five  points,  but  may 
then  change  thirty  degrees  in  the  next  five 
points. 


132 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  2,  1872. 


INING  lUMMARY. 


The  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Steam  Hydraulicing. — Judge  James  D. 
Stevenson,  of  San  Francisco,  has  in  opera- 
tion in  a  claim  near  Jackson,  anew  system 
of  forcing  water  from  a  ditch  against  a  hy- 
draulic bank  of  some  30  to  40  ft.  face.  He. 
uses  a  No.  8  Knowles  steam  pump,  with 
a  nozzle  of  about  1  inch  diameter.  An  ad- 
ditional stream  of  water  assists  in  working 
off  the  tailings.  Most  of  the  bank  gives 
away  readily  to  this  power,  but  a  larger 
pump  is  found  to  be  necessary  to  pulver- 
ize the  hardest  portions  of  the  deposit. 
We  hope  this  method  will  have  a  thorough 
trial,  and  prove  up  the  question  whether 
water  for  hydraulic  purposes,  under  fa- 
vorable circumstances,  can  be  economi- 
cally obtained  by  use  of  steam  power. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Mining. — Butte  Record,  Feb.  24:  Water 
was  turned  into  the  Hendricks  ditch  last 
week,  and  we  presume  the  Indiana  Co.  are 
prepared  to  continue  mining  without  se- 
rious interruption.  The  Cherokee  Co. 
have  also  turned  water  into  their  Butte 
Creek  ditch,  and  are  mining  in  the  Vi- 
cinity of  Diamondville.  The  Spring  Val- 
ley  Co.  are  sending  huge  quantities  of  dirt 
through  their  flumes,  their  large  iron 
pipes  working  satisfactorily. 

Inskip. — Cor.  Chico  Review,  Feb.  24 : 
The  Bull  Creek  mines  are  rich  beyond  dis- 
pute, and  there  is  a  proposition  to  make  up 
a  Co.  with  a  capital  of  $25,000  to  bring 
about  600  inches  of  water  into  that  dist. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Great  Yield  of  Gold. — Calaveras  Chron- 
icle, Feb.  24:  Brackett  &  Co.,  in  Chili 
Gulch,  last  week  cleared  $500  over  and 
above  expenses,  12  men  being  employed. 
The  gold-bearing  lead  of  gravel  is  widen- 
ing out  as  work  progresses,  and  increasing 
in  richness. 

Prussian  Hill  Mine.— Book  is  being 
taken  from  the  Prussian  Hill  mine,  near 
Railroad,  at  the  rate  of  10  tons  per  day — 
only  one  "shift"  working.  A  large  quan- 
tity of  quartz  is  ready  to  be  hauled  to  the 
mill  and  crushed  as  soon  as  the  roads  are 
passable. 

Bartolo  Mine. — The  shaft  in  the  Bar- 
tolo  mine  at  West  Point  is  down  70  ft. 
The  ledge  is  a  narrow  one  at  that  depth, 
not  averaging  over  10  inches;  but  it  is  con- 
fidently believed  that  it  will  widen  out  as 
the  shaft  descends.  The  rock  T)eing  taken 
out  prospects  finely. 

Zacetaha. — The  lead  shows  3  ft.  in 
width  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  and  it  all 
carries  gold.  The  stamps  will  be  put  in 
motion  in  a  few  days. 

Lead  Discovered. — A  very  rich  quartz 
ledge  has  been  recently  discovered  near 
West  Point.  It  is  said  that  the  top  rock 
pays  $30  per  cargo  of  300  ibs. 

Petticoat..— Good  rock  has  been  struck 
in  the  Petticoat  mine  at  Railroad.  The 
discovery  was  made  in  the  350-ft.  level. 
The  lead  is  fully  5  ft.  wide  and  3  ft.  of  it 
is  composed  of  rock  that  will  pay  well  for 
crushing.  The  quartz  is  excessively  hard, 
rendering  the  running  of  the  level  slow 
work. 

Contract  Let. — W.  V.  Clark,  Esq., 
proprietor  of  the  mammoth  hydraulic  at 
Railroad  Flat,  has  recently  let  a  contract 
for  running  a  bedrock  tunnel,  800  ft.  in 
length,  through  which  to  run  his  sluices. 

Railroad  Flat. — Cor.  same:  The  level 
in  the  Russian  Hill  mine  is  42  ft.  long, 
the  chimney  having  an  average  width  of 
5  ft.  of  pay  ore,  which  may  be  estimated 
at  $20  per  ton.  In  the  60  ft.  level  the 
chimney  is  24  ft.  long. 

EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Cor.  El  Dorado  Republican, ¥  eh,  22:  Orr's 
Station  is  4  miles  north  of  Centerville,  and 
about  two  miles  south  of  the  middle  fork 
of  the  American  river.  There  has  been  a 
good  deal  of  prospecting  done  there  with- 
in the  past  7  or  8  months.  The  Ella  quartz 
ledge  in  the  Hoggs  Diggings  dist.  is  con- 
sidered to  be  a  good  claim;  it  averages  $50 
per  ton  of  rock.  There  is  another  located 
by  Mr.  Anderson,  who  has,  for  some  time 
been  engaged  in  running  a  tunnel  to  it; 
last  night  they  put  in  a  blast,  and  some  of 
the  wall  rock  thrown  out  by  it  seemed  to 
be  literally  full  of  gold.  The  Hunt  ledge, 
is  considered  about  the  best  mining  stock 
on  this  divide.  In  Pilot  Hill  dist.  there 
are  several  good  claims;  among  the  most 
prominent  is  the  Warner  ledge,  on  the  top 
of  Pilot  Hill.  The  Boulder  Claim  lies  al- 
most in  the  town  of  Centerville;  several 
boulders  have  been  taken  from  this  claim 
containing  several  thousand  dollars  each. 


MARIPOSA  COUNTY. 

Recommenced. — Mariposa  Gazette,  Feb. 
23:  The  Benton  Mills  have  resumed  run- 
ning. There  is  said  to  be  about  400  tons 
of  quartz  ready  for  crushing.  There  is,  as 
yet,  no  work  being  done  in  the  Josephine 
or  Pine  Tree  mines. 

Schofteld  &  Co.  are  putting  up  one  of 
their  concentrators  at  Bogan's  mill  on  Bear 
creek.  Rock  is  being  taken  out  and  the 
mill  will  again  be  in  operation  in  the 
course  of  2  or  3  weeks. 

Hornitos. — Cor.  same:  Quartz  mining 
is  being  carried  on  to  a  greater  extent  than 
ever  before,  and  with  reasonable  success. 
The  Washington  mine  and  mill  are  in  full 
blast,  and  are  getting  out  splendid  ore,  as 
is  also  the  Quartz  Mountain  mill.  The 
new  Pool  vein  is  the  richest  thing  in  the 
way  of  quartz  that  has  ever  been  struck  in 
this  vicinity.  Williams  &  Martinez  have 
taken  out  several  thousand  dollars  in  the 
past  month.  Farrias  &  Co.  the  same. 
Martinez  &  Valencia  (from  the  same  ledge) 
took  out  between  $7,000  and  $8,000  last 
week,  and  more  in  sight.  Jack  Mossman 
took  out  40  ozs.  last  Friday,  and  more  in 
sight.  Joy  &  Co.  have  fine  prospects  on 
the  same  vein,  which  is  located  nearly  in 
the  centre  of  our  town. 
NEVADA    COUNTY. 

Bar. — Grass  Valley  Republican,  Feb.  23: 
A  $6,000  bar  was  sent  below  from  Dela- 
no's bank  yesterday,  from  a  recent  clean  up 
at  the  North  Star  mine. 

Wood's  Ravine. — More  quartz  mining 
and  prospecting  are  being  done  near  the 
mouth  of  Woods'  Ravine  at  this  time  than 
for  many  years  past.  The  Soggs  mine 
employs  between  40  and  50  men.  The 
Providence,  which  is  a  continuation  of  the 
Soggs,  is  also  being  actively  worked  and 
the  present  incline  is  down  about  150  feet. 
Steam  hoisting  machinery  is  soon  to  be 
erected,  and  the  mine  for  the  first  time  is 
to  be  developed  below  the  water  level  of 
Deer  Creek.  The  ledge  is  large,  varying 
from  3  to  10  ft.  in  width.  The  Wyoming 
mine  is  yielding  good  returns.  Prepara- 
tions are  also  being  made  for  working  3 
other  quartz  mines  in  the  same  vicinity  of 
the  spring. 

To  be  Reopened. — The  Grant  quartz 
mine,  near  Forest  Springs,  idle  for  several 
years,  is  soon  to  be  reopened. 

Tunneling. — A  Co.  who  are  opening  an 
extensive  gravel  claim  about  2  miles  from 
Grass  Valley,  recently  let  a  contract  for 
running  a  tunnel  1,500  ft.  on  their  claim. 
Last  week  6  men  run  80  ft.  of  the  tunnel 
in  slate  rock,  no  blasting  being  required. 
The  tunnel  is  excavated  7  ft.  wide  at  the 
bottom,  5  ft.  at  the  top,  and  is  7  ft.  high. 
The  workmen,  besides  excavating  the  80 
ft.,  laid  a  substantial  car  track,  and 
thoroughly  timbered  the  tunnel,  putting 
in  12  inch  posts,  with  caps  and  lagging  to 
match. 

Buckeye  Mine. — Nevada  Transcript,  Feb. 
24:  The  Buckeye  mine  is  in  Willow  Val- 
ley. Some  time  since  machinery  was  put 
upon  the  mine  and  an  incline  commenced. 
A  day  or  two  ago  the  ledge  was  struck, 
and  the  prospect  is  very  encouraging.  The 
ledge  is  5  ft.  wide,  and  the  rock  is  filled 
with  rich  looking  sulphurets.  From  Thurs- 
day noon,  when  the  ledge  was  struck,  up 
to  yesterday  morning  6  tons  of  this  rock 
were  taken  out. 

Location. — Shurtleff  &  Co.  have  located 
12  claims,  150  ft.  square  each,  at  Sutton's 
Ranch,  near  this  city,  for  quartz  mining 
purposes. 

Good  Rook. — Grass  Valley  Union,  Feb. 
23:  Yesterday  there  was  a  strike  into  very 
fine  quartz  in  the  tenth  level  of  the  North 
Star;  3  or  4  kegs  of  ore  were  sent  up 
yesterday  afternoon  and  the  value  is  esti 
mated  at  about 


PLACER  COUNTY- 

Ophir. — Cor.  Placer  Herald,  Feb.  24: 
F.  Jones,  Supt.  of  the  Bellevue  mine,  has 
i  ipened  another  rich  chimney  of  ore  west 
of  the  west  shaft.  He  has  been  stripping 
and  taking  down  the  ledge  for  the  past  4 
or  5  days,  and  it  is  still  improving  in  rich- 
ness and  extent.  The  St.  Patrick  mill  has 
not  yet  resumed  operations,  but  a  supply 
of  wood  and  coal  is  being  procured,  and 
the  mill  will  be  again  pounding  away  in  a 
few  days  on  Bellevue  ore.  Mr.  Patterson , 
Supt.  of  the  Eclipse  mine,  has  commenced 
crushing  ore  at  the  St.  Lawrence  mill, 
and  judging  from  appearances,  it  is  pay- 
ing as  well  as  anticipated. 

Nevada. 

ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.— Ely  Record,  Feb.  18:  W.  F.  & 
Co.  shipped  to  day  bullion  valued  at  $43,- 
155.41. 

Alps  Mine. — Since  our  last  issue  there 
has  been  considerable  talk  about  the  strike 
in  the  Alps  mine. 

At  the  142-ft.  level  there  is  a  drift  which 
runs  east  of  the  ledge  84  ft.  from  the  main 


shaft.  From  this  point  a  winze  has  been 
sunk  28  ft.,  giving  a  depth  of  170  ft.  from 
the  surface.  At  this  drift  a  level  has  been 
run  21  ft.  east  and  34  ft.  west  from  the 
bottom  of  the  winze.  The  drift  shows  a 
very  fine  body  of  ore,  over  2  ft.  wide,  aud 
is  as  solid  and  well  defined  and  handsome 
in  appearance  as  any  ledge  we  have  seen 
in  the  dist.  The  west  drift  also  shows  a 
fine  ledge  throughout  its  entire  length, 
and  the  face  of  both  ends  of  the  drift 
shows  the  ledge  to  be  solid,  wide  and  rich. 
The  amount  of  ore  now  in  sight  proves 
this  to  be  a  valuable  mine.  So  far  every 
opening  along  the  ledge  shows  good  ore. 
The  course  of  the  ledge  is  very  near  due 
east  and  west,  and  pitches  north  at  an  an- 
gle of  75  deg.  The  foot-wall  presents 
some  breaks  in  the  works,  but  not  more 
than  is  found  in  any  other  good  mine.  The 
ledge  is  in  a  quartzite-formation. 

Pacific  Tunnel. — The  tunnel  starts  east 
of  the  road,  about  1,500  ft.  east  of  the 
divide.  It  is  well  constructed,  being  5  ft. 
wide  and  7  ft.  high.  Several  deposits  of 
ore  have  been  passed  through  between  the 
mouth  of  the  tunnel  and  its  present 
terminus,  which  is  650  ft.  from  the  start- 
ing point.  The  course  of  the  ledge  is  S. 
30°  W.  John  Cullan  has  a  contract  to  run 
the  same  40  ft.  further,  and  is  making  3  ft. 
a  day.  It  will  have  to  be  run  about  200  ft. 
further  to  cut  the  American  Flag  and 
Havana  ledges.  The  Burke  ledge  will  be 
struck  in  less  than  50  ft. 

Newton  Booth.  —The  strike  made  on 
the  16th  in  the  lower  level  of  this  claim  is 
more  than  usually  encouraging,  as  it 
proves  that  a  rich  ledge  runs  across  Pan- 
aca  Flat,  from  the  Lightner  shaft  to  the 
Page  and  Panaca,  and  extends  across  the 
entire  claim  of  the  Newton  Booth.  The 
west  drift  from  the  lower  level  has  been 
run  across  the  ledge,  showing  the  vein  to 
be  over  12  ft.  wide,  the  ledge  pitching 
slightly  to  the  east. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

McGarry.— Eureka    Sentinel,   Feb.   20: 
Work  on   the  Mexican  mine  is  revealing  a 
considerable    body   of    rich   ore.      It  in- 
creases in  richness  as  it  goes  down. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Antimony. — Humboldt  Register,  Feb.  24: 
Capt.  Cummins,  agent  for  the  Truckee 
Smelting  Co.,  has  located  a  ledge  about  4 
miles  north  of  Rose  Creek  station  on  the 
C.  P.  R.  R.  which  gives  promise  of  being 
a  valuable  mine.  Several  tests  of  the  ore 
show  85  per  cent,  antimony,  with  from  $6 
to  $10  per  ton  in  silver.  The  ledge  is  said 
to  be  2  ft.  wide  and  well  defined.  The  Co. 
have  let  a  contract  to  have  20  tons  of  the 
ore  taken  out  when  it  it  will  be  shipped  to 
S.  F.  for  reduction. 
REESE  RIVER. 

Morgan  &  Mauncy — Reese  River  Reveille, 
Feb.  17:  The  Manhattan  Co.  have  got  the 
old  incline  cleaned  out  and  repaired,  and 
are  at  work  opening  the  mine  and  taking 
out  ore.  The  ledge  at  the  bottom  of  the 
incline  is  nearly  2  ft.  wide;  it  is  solid  and 
well  defined. 

Shut  Down. — The  Mettacom  Mill  hangs 
up  its  batteries  to-day.  The  scarcity  and 
extremely  high  price  of  wood  and  the  bad 
state  of  the  roads  are  the  causes   assigned. 

Saybrook. — This  mine  employs  12  men. 
Ore  is  being  extracted  from  the  110-ft. 
level  in  considerable  quantities,  a  portion 
of  which  will  work  at  a  high  rate. 

Pacific  Co. — The  mines  of  this  Co.  are 
looking  [quite  as  well  as  at  any  time  in 
their  history.  Considerable  bodies  of  ore 
have  recently  been  explored  in  various 
portions  of  the  mines,  and  some  of  the 
rock  is  of  very  high  grade. 

Diana. — Good  ore  and  lots  of  it  is  still 
being  taken  out. 
WASHOE. 

Kentuck. — Territorial  Enterprise,  Feb. 
22:  The  Kentuck  Co.  are  taking  out  40 
tons  of  ore  per  pay,  which  is  being  crush- 
ed at  the  Devil's  Gate  mill.  A  great  part 
of  the  force  engaged  in  the  mine  is  em- 
ployed in  retimbering  the  old  drifts  from 
which  the  timbers  were  burned  at  the 
time  of  the  great  fire  in  the  mines,  and  in 
fixing  up  generally.  The  Supt.  informs  us 
that  in  a  short  time  they  will  be  taking  out 
regularly  60  tons  of  ore  per  day. 

Buckeye. — The  Buckeye  mine  is  looking 
well  and  ore  is  being  raised  from  all  the  3 
levels.  Two  mills — the  Hope  and  Sewell's 
— are  running  on  ore  from  the  mine.  The 
breasts  on  all  the  levels  are  looking  ex- 
ceedingly well  and  there  is  in  sight  in  the 
mine  a  3-month's  supply  of  ore. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Bullion.— White  Pine  News,  Feb.  24: 
W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  on  the  20th,  to  Lon- 
don for  Eberhardt  &  Aurora  M.  Co.,  2 
bars,  138  ibs.,  valued  at  $2,585.63.  Also, 
6  bars  for  Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  to  New 
York,  429  lbs.,  valued  at  $8,127.38. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines — North  Aurora. 
In  the  Risdale  chamber  of  the  North  Au- 


rora the  usual  force  of  men  are  employed 
breasting  out.  The  size  of  the  ore  body 
increases  as  work  is  pushed  ahead.  The 
ore  now  extracted,  mills  about  $45  to  the 
ton.  The  hoisting  is  done  by  whip  at 
present.  The  Lady's  chamber  shows  an 
immense  amount  of  ore.  As  far  as  exca- 
vated the  chamber  is  132  ft.  in  length,  42 
ft.  wide  and  55  ft.  to  the  roof  in  the  high- 
est place.  On  the  south  end  the  south 
drift  commences  and  runs  130  ft.  through 
low-grade  ore.  From  the  end  of  the  130 
ft.  drift  a  breast  is  in  60  ft.  ahead,  showing 
a  body  of  ore  35  ft.  high  and  25  ft.  wide  as 
far  as  opened,  and  the  ore  going  down  in 
the  bottom  of  the  breast. 

Second  South  Ex.  of  HiddenTreasure. 
In  the  shaft  on  Nevada  St.,  at  the  depth  of 
60  ft.,  a  drift  has  been  run  40  ft.  nearly 
due  east,  in  ore  and  ledge  matter,  and  cross- 
ing the  main  north  and  south  channel.  Near 
the  end  of  the  drift  a  tunnel  is  being  run 
in  a  southerly  direction,  for  the  purpose  of 
tracing  the  ore  into  the  Anchor  and 
Edgar  works.  In  the  Anchor  tunnel,  be- 
longing to  this  Co.,  the  drift  North  from 
the  bottom  of  the  incline  has  reached  a 
distance  of  50  ft.,  stripping  throughout 
the  stratified  spar  wall,  which  dips  east  at 
an  angle  of  about  35  degrees.  In  this  part 
of  the  mine  a  vast  body  of  good  millable 
ore  is  exposed.  Working  10  men. 
Silver  Plate. — An  incline  is  down  75  f  t. , 
showing  ore  the  whole  distance.  At  the 
bottom  of  the  incline  a  breast  of  ore  is 
opened  out  75  ft.  wide  and  5  ft.  in  thick- 
ness. Seventy  four  tons  of  ore  on  the 
dumps.  The  owners  think  it  will  mill  $100  to 
the  ton.     Working  6  men  breasting  out. 

Ward  Beecher. — A  force  of  men  is  at 
work  sinking  a  winze  from  the  bottom  of 
the  Phillpotts  chamber,  through  a  body  of 
low-grade  ore  to  connect  with  the  east 
drift  of  the  Lady's  chamber.  Have  struck 
the  west  side,  and  expect  to  connect  in 
about  two  weeks.  The  tramway  is  running 
steadily  on  ore  from  the  Co.'s  mines. 

East  Sheboygan. — Working  the  usual 
force  of  men  on  the.  East  Sheboygan,  and 
hoisting  to  the  dumps.  Most  of  the  force 
of  men  is  employed  in  prospecting  and 
making  openings. 

San  Juan  del  Rio. — The  usual  force  of 
men  employed.  A  new  character  of  ore 
was  found  in  the  shaft,  at  a  depth  of  24  ft., 
of  a  copper  silver  glance  character,  assay- 
ing $106  to  the  ton.  Itshows  a  good  body, 
and  has  a  good  pitch. 

South  Aurora. — Sinking  a  shaft  in  the 
end  of  the  east  drift,  from  the  main  tun- 
nel, and  doing  work  as  usual  in  other  parts 
of  the  mine. 

Noonday.—  In  the  same  quality  of  ore 
as  last  reported,  and  breasting  out  with  the 
same  force  of  men. 

Gen.  Lee. — Drifting  from  the  spar  seam 
in  a  3-ft.  body  of  ore  and  piling  on  dump. 

Pocotillo. — The  ore  has  not  changed 
in  grade  since  our  last  report. 

Outside  Dists. — Central  Camp. — The 
Great  Western  shows  good  ore  the  whole 
length  of  the  location.  The  International 
Con.  M.  Co.  has  14  locations  on  the  hill, 
among  which  are  the  Nutmeg-grater,  Mc- 
Caffry,  Clayton  and  others.  A  force  of  men 
has  been  at  work  for  several  months  to  cut 
the  ledges  at  a  depth  of  600  ft.  from  the 
croppings.  After  running  a  distance  of  84 
ft.,  a  body  of  mineral  was  found.  The 
formation  isporphyry,  quartziteand  shale. 
Assays  going  up  into  the  hundreds  have 
been  made  from  the  croppings. 

Colorado. 

Items. — Colorado  Union,  Feb.  15:  Baily 
&  Nott  have  shipped  on  account  of  owners, 
since  our  last  issue,  24  tons  of  smelting 
ore.  Palmer  &  .  Nichols  have  shipped  2 
silver  bars  valued  at  $1,451.27. 

The  Hidden  Treasure,  Leavenworth'Mt., 
is  yielding  very  rich  ore.  The  vein  has  been 
struck.by  cross  cuts,  in  3  different  places, 
by  lessees, and  in  every  cross  cut  the  mineral 
in  the  vein  shows  well.  All  the  mines  on 
Leavenworth  being  worked  are  yielding 
rich  ore. 

In  the  Eagle  Bird,  a  neighbor  of  the 
Pelican,  Maine,  Silverplume,  Snowdrift 
and  other  rich  lodes,  an  adit,  disclosing 
well  defined  walls,  has  been  driven  on 
the  vein,  450  ft.  At  325  ft.  from  the 
mouth  of  the  adit,  an  immense  vein, 
coming  in  from  the  east  at  an  angle  of' 
about  35°  unites  with  the  Eagle  Bird 
and  loses  itself.  This  discovery  is  call- 
ed the  Casket.  The  Eagle  Bird  and 
the  Casket  are  both  yielding  rich  milling 
ore.  The  work  of  drifting  east  on  the 
Casket  and  west  on  the  Eagle  Bird,  is 
going  on  with  satisfactory,  paying  results. 
The  average  mill  yield  of  the  ore  taken 
from  the  Eagle  Bird,  is  206  oz.  per  ton. 
The  highest  assay  obtained  from  ore  taken 
from  the  mine,  is  3,700  oz.  per  ton,  or 
$4,900  coin  value.  Large  quantities  of  2d 
class  ore  are  accumulating  at  the  mine. 


March  2,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


133 


The  character  of  the  ore  is  argentiferous 
galena,  interspersed  with  gray  copper, 
blende,  and  iron  and  copper  pyrites.  The 
mineral  deposit  has  been  constant,  and 
grudually  increasing  inqaantity  and  quali- 
ty, as  work  has  progressed.  No  sloping 
has  been  done,  and  yet  the  ore  taken  oat 
has  paid  all  expenses  and  left  a  handsome 
profit. 

The  Mammoth,  Sherman  Mt.,  is  furnish- 
ing good  ore  in  nonsiderable  quantities. 

The  Magnet,  Griffith  Mt.,  is  a  constant 
producing  vein  and  has  improved  in  the 
quality  and  quantity  of  its  ore  yield  from 
tin;  surface  in  all  its  workings.  I-'our  and 
a  half  tons  of  ors  have  just  been  brought 
down  and  crushed,  the  mill  nample  of 
which  gave  370  ozs.  per  ton.  The  niinoat 
present  shows  better  than  it  ever  did 
before. 

The  Bryan,  Republican  Mt.,  is  a  neigh- 
bor of  the  Hise,  and  other  valuable  lodes. 
The  vein  has  been  opened  by  stripping  and 
cross  cuts  for  about  ">(JU  ft.  The  vein  has 
u  very  uniform  mineral  deposit  in  nil  the 
ground  opened,  aggregating  in  shafts, 
cross  cuts  and  drifts,  118  ft.  In  one  por- 
tion of  the  mine  we  noticed  a  solid  mineral 
deposit  of  10  inches  in  breadth.  The  ore 
is  argentiforous  galena  carrying  100  ozs. 
in  silver,  and  00  per  cent.  load.  There  is 
about  20  tons  of  choice  ore  out  at  the 
mine. 

Matilda  Fletcheb  Lode. — This  lode  is 
on  the  west  side  of  Democrat  Mt.,  is  yield- 
ing£20  a  day  to  the  man,  and  judging  from 

{>resent  developments,  the  future  yield  will 
>e  constant  and  of  far  greater  value  as 
depth  is  gained. 

The  developments  consist  of  a  shaft  GO 
ft.  deep,  and  2  adits  driven  on  the  vein, 
one  117  ft.  and  the  other  32  ft.  The  vein 
has  a  breadth  of  from  5  to  6  ft.  between 
walls.  The  mine  was  discovered  in  July, 
'71,  since  which  time,  2  men  working  only 
a  portion  of  the  time,  it  has  produced  7 
tons  that  yielded  by  mill  treatment  1,799 
ozs.  of  silver,  and  about  15  tons,  now  at 
the  mine,  worth  probably  4,500  ozs.  or  a 
total  of  0,299  ozs.  of  silver.  The  vein  is 
uncovered  in  several  places  down  the  hill 
from  the  discovery  and  it  is  the  intention 
of  the  owners  to  open  their  mine  by  adrift 
from  the  lowest  point  of  discovery  on  the 
vein. 

Kansas  Lode.— Colorado  Herald,  Feb. 
17:  Nine  claims  are  being  worked  on  the 
Kansas,  and  the  lode  is  producing  more 
gold  than  at  any  time  during  the  past  6 
months.  The  following  are  the  different 
parties  operating: 

Wheeler  &  Sullivan  have  done  sinking 
on  the  First  National  claim,  and  have 
commenced  drifting.  They  are  running 
15  stamps  of  the  New  York  mill  on  prize 
ore,  for  Buck  &Co.,  and  10  stamps  on  their 
Kansas  ore. 

Richards  &  Co.  are  sinking  through 
fine  looking  ore  on  the  Ophir   Co's.  claim. 

Ira  Eastbrooks,  who  took  the  lease  of 
the  Mead  claim  off  the  hands  of  Wm.  Lyon 
&  Co.,  is  drifting  and  stoping  in  this  mine, 
which  presents  a  better  appearance  than 
ever  before. 

Wolcott  &  Co.  are  drifting  and  stoping 
on  the  Garrison  claim,  and  taking  out  good 

pay. 

D.  L.  Southworth  is  sinking  on  the  next 
claim  east,  (Waterman's.) 

Root  is  obtaining  rich  ore  and  plenty  of 
it  from  his  claim,  near  the  Boston  mill. 

On  the  second  claim  east  of  Root's 
Andrews  &  Sullivan  are  raising  large  quan- 
tities of  fine  looking  ore,  which  is  being 
crushed  at  Lake's  mill,  on  North  Clear 
creek. 

The  (English)  Kansas  G.  M.  Co.  are 
making  money  on  their  claims  purchased 
some  months  since  of  J.  F.  Hardesty. 

The  claim  between  Root  and  Lake  & 
Andrews  is  being  worked  with  a  wind- 
lass. 

Middle  Bouldee. — The  first  2  ship- 
ments of  silver  from  A.  D.  Breed's  new  Re- 
duction works,  at  Middle  Boulder,  were 
made  within  the  past  5  days.  The  first  of 
these  embraced  400  lbs  and  the  last  0,200 
oz.  of  silver  in  bars,  the  product  of  ore 
from  the  Cariboo  mine.  The  bullion 
has  been  forwarded  to  New  York. 

The  Cariboo  is  said  to  be  looking  as  well 
and  yielding  even  better  than  at  any  for- 
mer time  in  its  history. 

The  Seaton  and  Adjacent  Mines. — 
Four  different  parties,  employing  about  30 
men,  are  working  claims  on  the  Seaton 
lode.  About  25  tons  of  rich  silver  ore  are 
taken  weekly  to  the  Boston  &  Col.  Smelt- 
ing works,  being  a  larger  amount  than  at 
any  previous  time.  Lewis  is  retaining 
the  richest  portion  of  his  ore  at  the  mine. 
He  is  also  driving  a  tunnel  to  intersect  the 
vein,  which  is  expected  to  prove  up  the 
lode  to  better  advantage  than  all  the  work 
that  has  heretofore  been  done  in  sink- 
ing. 


The  Victor  lode  on  the  same  mountain, 
is  producing  well,  employs  12  men,  and 
last  week  contributed  4  or  5  tons  of  smelt- 
ing ore,  which  was  sent  to  Hill's  Works. 

The  Queen  lode  is  worked  under  lease, 
by  the  same  parties  who  are  working  Up- 
degraph's  half  of  the  Veto  lode.  Both 
of  these  mines  are  yielding  valuable 
quartz. 

Bepra  .S:  Lacoix  are  working  one-half 
of  the  Veto  lode  and  have  30  tons  of  fine 
ore  out  at  tho  mou'.h  of  the  shaft. 

Crilsonis  taking  ore  to  the  Boston  & 
Col.  Smelting  W.,  from  tho  dump  pile  at 
the  Franklin  lode. 

Cariboo. —Martin  &  Co.  put  12  addi- 
tional men  at  work  on  the  east  half  of  the 
Cariboo  lode  this  week. 

A  quantity  of  2d-class  ore  from  the  Seven- 
Thirty  lode  recently  treated  at  the  B.  &  C. 
smelting  works,  yielded  $315  per  ton  in 
silver. 

Tho  shaft  on  tho  Elephant  lode  is  115  ft. 
deop  and  sinking  continues,  and  just  at 
this  time  through  a  pocket  of  pay. 

Tho  Champion  (English)  G.  M.  Co. 
that  recently  purchased  GOO  ft.  in  the  Cali- 
fornia, together  with  tho  Champion  lode, 
(situated  on  the  flat  above  the  head  of 
Prosser  gulch)  for  £32,000,  is  fitting  up 
tho  engine  on  the  former,  preparatory  to 
commencing  active  operations.  Water 
will  be  pumped  from  the  deep  or  Stalker 
shaft  for  the  use  of  the  engine  on  the  next 
shaft  above,  where  the  mining  operations 
for  the  present  will  be  conducted. 

There  is  every  prospect  that  the  Greg- 
ory lode  will  be  worked  again  throughout 
its  entire  length  within  the  next  3  months. 

Corbett  Bacon  is  working  the  Mazeppa 
lode  in  Russell  dist.,  and  sends  his  ore  to 
Brastow's  stamp  mill,  which  was  recently 
set  in  operation  again. 

The  Mines. — Brastrow  &  Aldriteh  are 
sinking  on  the  Gardner  lode.  No  paying 
ore  yet  obtained. 

John  Hogan  is  steadily  working  on  the 
Golden  Courier. 

The  Kansas  is  the  heaviest  gold  pro- 
ducing lode  in  the  mountains,  and  with 
its  extension,  keeps  something  like  120 
stamps  in  motion,  or  about  one-third  of 
those  now  employed  in  the  county. 

Jack  Mellor  continues  to  raise  large 
quantities  of  the  hidden  treasure  from  the 
Leavitt. 

The  Commonwealth  Co's.  mine  on  the 
the  Prize,  is  again  yielding  fine  looking 
ore. 

Several  claims  are  being  worked  on  the 
Cincinnati  lode  on  Casto  Hill.  Ore  from 
the  Stevens  claim  is  crushed  at  the  Stevens 
mill  in  Black  Hawk. 

Four  claims  are  worked  on  the  Jones  on 
Prize  Hill,  the  McDonigle,  that  of  Captain 
Phillips,  the  Sullivan  &  Andrews  and  one 
other. 

Dexter,  Mitchell  &  Co.  are  successfully 
working  the  Alps  mine. 

Mr.  Nichols,  Fisher  &  Co.  are  keeping 
Cons.  Gregory  mill  at  work  on  their  ore 
from  the  Kent  Co.  lode. 

Mining  is  going  on  in  the  V.  P.  R.  R., 
Fiske,  and  Gregory  Second  near  Mountain 
City,  and  on  some  dozen  lodes  on  Quartz 
Hill. 

Gilpin  Co. — The  head  of  the  Black 
Hawk  tunnel  has  approached  so  near  the 
Fiske  lode  that  it  has  commenced  draining 
it.  The  water  in  that  mine  and  in  the  Bob 
Tail  has  visibly  lowered  during  the  past 
few  days. 

The  Central  G.  M.  Co.  will  commence 
operations  on  its  tunnel  about  May  1. 
It  is  expected  this  work  will  drain  the 
Gunnell  lode  below  any  excavation  made 
upon  it. 

The  Quartz  Hill  tunnel  is  being  driven 
steadily  into  the  mountain  and  is  about 
GOO  ft.  in  length. 

Work  is  being  steadily  prosecuted  in 
the  La  Crosse  tunnel,  which  has  already 
penetrated  Quartz  Hill  for  980  ft.  It  is 
passing  through  a  body  of  ore  that  contains 
about  2  ounces  of  gold  to  the  cord. 

Georgetown  Items. — Feb.  14:  On  Jan. 
28,  32  sacks  of  first-class  ore  were  stolen 
from  the  Hercules  lode,  Brown  M.  The 
weight  of  the  ore  was  about  one  and  a  half 
tons.  Assays  of  this  grade  vary  from  700 
to  900  ounces.  This  was  supposed  to  be 
worth  about  $1,000  per  ton. 

Stewart,  of  the  Stewart  Reducing  W'k's. , 
lately  burned,  is  at  work  when  the  weath- 
er will  permit,  removing  the  debris  and 
cleaning  up  the  pan-room,  in  which  he 
estimates  there  were  some  $6,000  worth  of 
amalgam  and  quicksilver.  He  is  making 
every  preparation  for  rebuilding,  and  con- 
templates the  erection  of  a  smelting 
furnace  in  connection  with  his  other 
works. 

Palmer  &  Nichols  are  running  as  steadi- 
ly as  the  weather  and  their  machinery  will 
permit,  and  are  doing  excellent  work. 

Capt.  Dean's  claim   on  the  Seaton  lode, 


is  yielding  an  excellent  quality  of  ore. 

We  had  an  account  to-day  of  the  Gol- 
conda  lode— a  very  promising  silver-vein 
4  miles  east  from  tho  Caribou  camp. 
It  was  discovered  in  the  Oct.  last.  The 
main  shaft,  which  is  30  ft.  in  depth,  dis- 
closes a  vein  of  mineral  7  ft.  in  width.  The 
ore  is  mainly  carbonates  of  copper,  zinc- 
blende,  galena,  and  assays  at  the  rate  of 
about  45  ozs.  silver  per  ton. 

DisaoVEBr. — Wo  hear  of  the  recent  dis- 
covery of  a  gold  lode  of  remarkable  rich- 
ness, on  the  south  side  of  the  Left-Hand 
creek,  in  Ward  Dist. 

Ewer  .t  Co.,  aro  working  the  Morrison 
and  Chemung  lodes,  on  the  Bobtail  Hill. 
The  deepest  shaft,  80  ft.  in  depth,  is  not 
being  worked  at  present— operations  con- 
fined to  mining  surface  quartz;  the  crev- 
ice averaging  10  ft.  in  width,  that  is  yield- 
ing from  8  to  10  ozs.  per  cord. 

The  Cash  lode  at  tho  head  of  Virginia 
Caiion,  at  the  depth  of  75  ft.,  carries  a 
a  very  fair  crevice  of  ore,  in  which  is 
found  occasionally  very  handsome  speci- 
mens of  native  gold.  Chis.  Steinle,  the 
owner,  is  pushing  work  in  this,  and  as 
development  progresses  tho  ore  improves 
in  quality  and  quantity. 

Utah. 

Star  Dist.— Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Feb.  17: 
We  were  yesterday  shown  about  100  lbs. 
of  milling  ore  from  the  above  named  Dist. 
While  we  have  seen  much  ore  from  the 
various  mines  in  the  Territory,  we  must 
confess  that  the  lot  from  Star  is  equal  to 
the  best  in  appearance.  From  a  letter  ac- 
companying the  rock  we  make  the  follow- 
ing extracts: 

"  The  ore  is  from  the  Hattie  mine,  dis- 
covered on  the  4th  inst.  It  is  a  rich  mine 
and  plenty  of  ore  is  in  sight.  We  have 
been  working  it  this  week  and  have  6  tons 
of  ore  on  the  dump  that  we  think  will  mill 
$500  per  ton,  while  others  estimate  it  at  a 
$1,000.  The  ledge  is  4%wide  at  a  depth 
of  4  ft.  The  Last  Chance  is  looking  well. 
This  mine  is  looked  upon  as  being  one  of 
the  beBt  in  the  Dist.,  the  tunnel  is  in  18  ft. 
The  Midas  has  sold  for  $40,000  and  Old 
Hickory  for  830,000;  1,000  ft.  each.  But 
little  work  had  been  done  on  them." 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board. 

San  Fhancisco,  February  29,  1872. 
Stock  Circles  have  been  rather  quiet  during 
the  week  and  prices  weak  and  irregular.  A 
resolution  was  passed  on  the  21st  inst.  perma- 
nently fixing  the  monthly  salaries  of  the  offi- 
cers and  employes  of  the  Board  as  follows: 
B.  H.  Coit,  Caller,  $1,000;  Franklin  Lawton, 
Secretary,  $400;  B.  F.  Hillard,  Assistant  Secre- 
tary, $200;  J.  M.  Blair,  Janitor,' $200.  From 
the  15th  to  the  21st  inst.,  inclusive,  the  sales 
of  the  Board  amounted  to  $4,950,000.  The 
sum  of  $3,000  was  sent  down  from  the  Pier- 
mont  mine  on  the  17th  inst.  and  $5,700  from 
the  Golden  Chariot  on  the  18th.  A  new  stock 
called  the 'Adams  Hill"  has  been  placed  on 
the  lists  of  the  Board.  There  is  to  be  no  divi- 
dend this  month  by  the  Raymond  &  Ely,  the 
time  for  declaring  it  having  been  changed. 
The  last  weekly  reports  from  the  Hale  &  Nor- 
cross  and  Savage  mines  show  an  ore  produc- 
tion of  874  tons  from  the  former,  and  1,037  from 
the  latter.  The  Crown  Point  Mine  produced 
last  week,  $37,565.  On  February  account  $82,- 
000  have  been  received  from  the  Meadow  Val- 
ley. On  tho  26th  inst.  the  Eaymond  &  Ely 
mine  shipped  $31,200. 

Comparative  Prices—Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  P.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Feb.  29.    Hifihevt.   Lovcrt.  Feb.  29.  Attn.  Dct. 


$36 

36 

20 

29 

_ 

620 

620 
68!? 

510 
4'4 

575 

1*S 

S 

I  llmlliir-Potoai. 

ma 

52 

59 

9trf 

Caledonia  

.  10 

10« 

9 

W4 

M 

Coos.  Virginia.. 

42 

44  1 

44 

33 

II 

Crown  Point... 

705 

675 

7H5 

Daney 

Eureka  Cona. .. 

•    Ki 

2% 

1 

2s3 

26H 

26W 

24* 



16 

16 

15 

— 

15 

15 

—  ■ 

15 

— 

Gould  A  Carry. 

227M 

227« 
12!? 

ISO 

180 

4744 

Golden  Chariot. 

.  12 

12 

Male  A  NorcroBB  250 

257,<£ 

23714 

240 

10 

■  Wi 

90 

I0M 

90 

— 

I7'< 

n;« 

11 

235 

220 

240 

Meadow  Valley 

.  19 

20« 

lflf 

19 

— 

— 

Ki 

9S 

9 

]05 

105 

36 

49 

6 

Oriir.  Hid.  Treaa 

8J* 

S--K 

8 

— 

— 



.60 

60 

45 

50 

III 

.12 

15« 

11 

UK 

3« 

Raymond  &  Ely 

142 

142 

130 

134 

K 

2W 

250 

205 

215 

S5 

25 

24 

28 

3 

.  6« 

6X 

6 

6 

Wash,  t  Creole. 

.rts 

8* 

SK 

5V 

— 

it 

Yellow  Jackot. 

IT 

77 

71 

73J4 

— 

sis 

See.  Belcher. .. 

iVA. 

57)4 

51 

55 

— 

2« 

Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 

BID.  ASKKD. 

Alpha  Cons 

.   27 

29 

Ida  Elinor 

— 

— 

85 

111 

.  575 

6110 

Kei 

231.".; 

Mtt 

I  Ihollar-Potosi.. 

58^ 

59 

Meadow  Valley.. 

18'.: 

IIPj 

705 

705 

Opl 

46 

47 

2« 
2411 

3 
25 

Orig.  Hid. 

rreas 

46 

2'7'S 

215 

Raymond  4  Ely. 

1311* 

in 

Gould  k  Curry. 

170 

175 

Sierra  Nevada.. . 

25K 

26 

Hale  &  Norcross 

240 

250 

Yellow  Jacket... 71,'< 

m 

Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisement  a  in  the  Scdek. 
TtFlO  Pbebs  find  other  San  Francisco  Journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATK  OF  ASSESSMENT.  DELINQUENT.      OF  BALK. 

Bloompeln  Grave!  M.  Co,Cal.,Feb.  23,$3.Mar.27— Apr.  13 
l'u.  I  bji  ii.  &  8.  M.  Co.,  New,  Jan.  9,  $l.Feb.  13,  Mar  14 

I'aledonlaS   M.  Co.,  NVv.,  Feb.  1,  $1 Mar  S— Mar.  90 

Dani  v  t},  ft  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Feb.  1,  05c. Mar.  4— Mar.  25 
Emerald  IIIU  M.  Co.,  F.T.,  Jan  11,  25c— Feb.  19,  Mar.  14 

Golden  Agefe  Empire  M.Oo.  Feb.  9,  $2.50.  Mar.  12— Apr.3 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nov.,  Jan  80,  J 15 Map.  i— April  ■:* 

Golden  Chariot, I.   T  ,  .Jan.  31—9300,  Mar.  9,   Har  80 

l.lu  Klhiion-.  Idaho.  Dec.  :*0   $3.00 Jan.  31— March  4 

Ki-nluck,  Nev..  Jan.  20,  $10 Feb  24  —  Miir   13 

Kim-aid  Flat  M.  Co.,  Cal., Feb.  14, $3.. Mar.  IK—  April  8* 
Ix-mou  M.  At  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  Jan.  6,  5ilc..l\h,  10— March  9 
Mahogany  G.&S.M.Co,  I.T.  Jun.  36.S1.60  Max. 6— Max  38 
Mina  Itica  M.  Co.,  Cal,,  Jan.  16,  20c. Feb.  19— March  11* 
Nevada  L.  and  M.  Co.,  N>v.,  Jan.  9.  4c. Feb.  l.'J-Mar.  4" 
Noonday  S.M.Co.  White  Pine,  Feb. 1,20c. Mar.  5— Mar.  25 

Overman.  Nev.,  Feb.  22.  $4 Feb.  22— Mar,  11. 

Phcenix.Nev..  Jan.  18,  75c Feb.  22— Mar.  18. 

Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  N..  Jan.  20,  80c.-Mar.  1,  Mar. 23* 
Pocahontaa  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal  .  Feb.  25,  $5. .April  6-  May  6« 
Quail  Hill  M.&W.  Co. .Cal  Feb.  15.$5,  Mar.2t>— Aprll'li>* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  $1  Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Silver  Wave.  Nev..  Jan.  30.  $1 Feb.  2G—  Mar.  19* 

South  Chariot  M.  Co.,  I.  T.,  Fob.  8,  $l...Mar.  U— April  1 
St.  Patrick  M.  Co.  Placer  co.  Cal.  Feb.8,$4.Mar.l3— Apr  2 
S.  Gulch  Or.  M.  Co..  Cal..  Feb.  7,  $1.60. Mar  13— April  3" 

Tecumseb.  Cal.,  Jan.  23,  $4 Feb.  27— Mar.  1C* 

Tallulah  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  Jan.  30,  $1 Mar.  6—  Mar.  20 

Wm.  Penn,  Nev.  Jan.  10,  50c Feb.  10— Mar.  11.* 

Waahlngton  &  Creole  M.  Co.  Fob.  10, 50c.  Mar.  15  -Apr. 11 
MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Chapman  M.  &  M.  Co Annual  Meeting Mur.  14 

Dancy  G.  k  s.  M.  Co., Annual  Meeting  Mar.  4 

Golden  Chariot  M.  0 Annual  Meeting  Mar.  4 

Marcelind  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  4 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS—  (Within  Three  MonthB). 

Belcher,  $15 Payable  Feb.  5 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $15 Payable  Feb.  12 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co.l  perct.Pavable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  C 

Granite  M   Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  23 

Hale  k  NorerosB  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  13 

Keystone  M.  Co.,  $3 Payable  Feb.  10 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Feb.  10 

OroFino  M.  Co ....Annual  Meeting  Mar.  25 

,*AdvertiBed  in  tbia  journal. 

San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  A  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street.] 

PRICKS  FOR  1.VV01CKB 

fobbing  price*  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  tht 
following  auntatione. 

Thursday,  February  29, 1872 

Iron.— 

Scotch  and  English  Pig  Iron,  f>  ton $5  5  00    @  GO  00 

White  Pig,  i=*  ton 45  90    @ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  y\  lb —  05    (gt  —  05^ 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  %i  lb —  05^(g)  —  06 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  05    @ 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  07&@  —  08 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  0.Sfl@ 

Sheet.  No.  14  to  20 —06    (5 

Shoe t.  No.  24  to  27 —06    (gj 

11  orse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  eto.     5     @  6 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  f>  lb —  24    @  —  26 

Sheathing,  Yellow"" —  24    %  —  25 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  II    ©  —  11^ 

Composition  Nails — 24         — 

Composition  Bolts —  24        — 

Plates,  Charcoal.  IX  f>  box 12  00 

Plates,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00  10  50 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

BaneaTin.  Slabs,  "^  lb —  45 

Steel.— English  Cast,  ij*  tb —  16  —  17 

Drill 16  17 

Flat  Bar 17  20 

PlouglLPoints 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  .boards) 12,1^ 

2DICKSILVEB.— ■#  lb —  —  —  65 

EAD.-Pig,?itb .-. --05!*  -06W 

Sheet —08  —    8>J 

Pipe —    9  —  10 

Bar 08  —09 

ZiNC.-Sheets,  »  lb —  10  —  10# 

Borax.— Refined —  25  -  30 

Borax,  crude —    5 

Leather  Market  Report. 

(Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro„  No.  109  Post  at.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  February  29, 1872. 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  $  ft 2fi@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather.  &  lb 26@29 

Country  Leather,  ^  ft 25@28 

The  market  is  well  supplied  with  French  stocks,  and 
prices  have  a  downward  tendency.  Heavy  California  skins 
are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot.SKil.,  pordoz $60  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil.-perdoz 76  OtXa)  95  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  $  doz. 60  00(g)  80  00 

Lemoino,  16  to  lit  Kil.,$i  doz  95  00@ 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  (HXg)  70  00 

Oornellian,  16  Kil„perdoz 70  00w 

Cornellian.  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz 60  00®  63  00 

Ogerau  Calf,  fi  doz 54  00@ 

Simon.  18  Kil. ,«  doz  : 65  00 

Simon.  20  Kil.  "ft  doz 68  00 

Sinum.  24  Kil.  ft  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  f,  Tb 1  10®    1  30 

California  Kip,  «  doz 65  00to80  00 

French  Sh'-eii,  all  colors,^  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  ft  lb 1  15@    1  25 

Sheop  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ?*  doz —    8  00®  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,^  dqz 5  50C$  10  .50 

California  Russott  Sheep  Linings 1  75(g)    5  50 

Beet  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ^pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Bootlegs,  ft  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,^  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  <&  lb 30®    37M 

Fair  Bridle  Leather.fi  doz 48  OOffij  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  $  lb 34®    87J« 

Welt  Leather,  ®  doz 30  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot 17®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather.  %*  foot 18®      28 


Speaking  of  Sousckiptions. — The  proprietors 
of  the  Kubajj  Peess  are  frequently  obliged  to 
submit  to  inflictions  similar  to  the  one  follow- 
ing, which  has  just  been  thrust  upon  us;  and 
yet  evidently  the  result  of  a  practiced  eye,  as 
regards  the  appearance  of  the  Edkal,  and  a 
mind  appreciative  of  its  contents. 

I  -wish  to  become  a  subscriber  to  the  Pacific 
Rural  Peess,  and  will  thank  you  to  forward  it 
to  me  as  long  as  the  enclosed  ten  dollar  legal- 
tender  note  will  pay  for  it.  I  should  like  to 
have  the  subscription  include  your  back  num- 
bers since  October  28th  last,  that  number  in- 
cluded, if  convenient.  Otherwise,  let  it  run 
from  this  time.  l.  h.  e. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  Jan.  23,  1872. 


134 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  2,  1872. 


The  Hunt  &  Douglas  Process  for  the 
Extraction  of  Copper  from  its  Ores. 
—No.  2. 

When  protosulphate  of  iron  is  used  in- 
stead of  the  protochlorid  in  preparing  the 
bath;  or  in  keeping  up  its  strength,  as  in 
the  case  of  ores  of  the  first  class,  sulphate 
of  soda  is  formed,  which  may  in  great  part 
be  crystallized  out  by  extremes  of  heat  and 
cold.  The  formation  and  accumulation  of 
this  sulphate  may,  however,  be  prevented 
by  the  use  of  chlorid  of  calcium,  as  al- 
ready set  forth.  The  still  larger  produc- 
tion of  sulphate  of  soda,  which  would  take 
place  if  calcined  ores  of  the  second  class 
were  added  directly  to  the  bath,  is  pre- 
vented by  the  use  of  lime  as  already  de- 
scribed, and  that  portion  which  must  re- 
sult from  the  excess  of  sulphate  of  copper, 
as  recommended,  may  be  decomposed  by 
the  addition  of  small  portions  of  chlorid 
of  calcium  from  time  to  time.  By  attend- 
ing to  these  precautions  the  strength  of 
the  bath  in  chlorid  of  sodium,  and  its  sol- 
vent power  may  be  indefinitely  maintained. 

We  do  not  claim  the  use  of  any  particu- 
lar form  of  furnace,  nor  of  any  special  ar- 
rangement for  calcining,  lixiviating  or 
precipitating,  reserving  to  ourselves  the 
choice  of  the  best  form  of  apparatus  for 
these  purposes;  neither  do  we  claim  the 
use  of  protosalts  of  iron  otherwise  than  in 
solution,  nor  the  use  of  perchlorid  or 
other  persalts  of  iron,  nor  yet  the  use  of 
sulphurous  acid  save  and  except  in  con- 
nection with  protosalts  of  iron,  as  already 
set  forth. 

What  we  claim  as  our  invention  is: 

The  use  and  application  of  a  solution  of 
neutral  protochlorid  of  iron,  or  of  mix- 
tures containing  it,  for  the  purpose  of 
converting  the  oxyd  or  suboxyd  of  cop- 
per, or  their  compounds,  into  chlorids  of 
copper. 

The  use  of  sulphurous  acid  for  the  pur- 
pose of  decomposing  the  oxychlorid  of 
iron  formed  in  the  preceding  re-action. 

The  use  of  a  process  for  the  purpose  of 
extracting  copper  from  its  naturally  or  ar- 
tificially oxydized  compounds  by  the  aid 
of  the  first,  or  the  first  and  second  of  the 
above  reactions,  substantially  in  the  man- 
ner already  set  forth. 

Explanations. 

Ckloridizing  the  Copper. — The  reaction 
between  protoxyd  of  copper  and  proto- 
chlorid of  iron  gives  rise  to  peroxyd  of 
iron,  and  a  mixture  of  the  two  chlorids  of 
copper,  two  thirds  being  dichlorid,  and 
one-third  protochlorid  of  copper,  as  shown 
in  the  equation  A.  The  red  oxyd  or  din- 
oxyd  of  copper  in  like  manner  gives  rise 
to  peroxyd  of  iron,  but  yields  a  mixture  of 
two-thirds  dichlorid  and  one-third  of  me- 
tallic copper,  as  shown  in  the  equation  B. 

A.—  3Cu202  '+  4EeCl  =  2Fe2Oa  +  2Cu,,Cl+ 


2CuCl. 
-3Cu20 
2Cu. 


B.  — 3Cu20     +    2FeCI  =  Fe203  +  2Cu„CI  + 


Inasmuch  as  the  metallic  copper  (2Cu) 
set  free  in  B,  is  readily  converted  into 
dichlorid  by  the  protochlorid,  (2CuCl)  of 
A.,  it  follows  that  if  not  more  than  one- 
half  of  the  copper  be  dinoxyd,  the  remain- 
der being  protoxyd,  the  whole  will  be 
chloridized  by  the  action  of  the  protochlo- 
rid of  iron  bath. 

'  Solubility  of  the  Dichlorid  of  Copper. — 
While  the  protochlorid  of  copper  is  very 
Boluble,  the  dichlorid  is  insoluble  in 
water,  but  readily  soluble  in  a  strong  solu- 
tion of  sea-salt,  and  of  most  other  chlorids. 
A  saturated  brine  at  a  temperature  of  194e 
Fahrenheit,  (90°  Centigrade,)  will  hold  in 
solution  more  than  16  per  cent,  of  dichlorid 
of  copper,  and  at  104°  F.  (40°  C.,)  more 
than  8  per  cent.  A  brine  containing  fifteen 
parts  of  salt  to  one  hundred  of  water,  dis- 
solves at  194°  F.  (90°  C.)  10.0  per  cent.,  at 
104°  F.  (40°  C.)  6.0  per  cent.,  and  at  57°  F. 
(14°  C.)  3.5  per  cent,  of  dichlorid  of  cop- 
per. When  these  strong  solutions  are 
diluted  with  water  they  deposit  much  of 
the  dichlorid  as  a  white  crystalline  powder. 
A  solution  made  with  five  parts  of  salt  to 
one  hundred  of  water,  dissolves  at  194°  F. 
(90'  0.)  only  2.6  per  cent.,  and  at  104°  F. 
(40°  C.)  only  1.1  per  cent,  of  dichlorid  of 
copper.  The  above  figures  are  approxi- 
mate, and  a  little  below  the  results  of 
actual  experiment.  100  parts  of  dichlorid 
contain  64  parts  of  metallic  copper. 

Composition  of  the  Bath. — The  equivalent 
weight  of  protosulphate  of  iron  or  cop- 
peras is  139,  and  that  of  common  salt  58.5, 
while  that  of  copper  is  31.7  and  that  of 
iron  28.0.  In  prescribing  the  proportions 
for  the  bath,  numbers  a  little  exceeding 
these  are  given,  to  allow  for  impurities  in 
the  salts  employed.  To  chloridize  three 
equivalents,  say  95.1  pounds  of  copper, 
which  are  in  the  state  of  protoxyd,  two 
equivalents   of  protochlorid   of    iron   are 


produced  from  280  pounds  of  copperas 
and  120  pounds  of  salt,  dissolved  in  100  im- 
perial gallons  or  1,000  pounds  of  water. 
This  solution  should  convert  one  third  of 
the  copper  into  protochlorid  and  two 
thirds  into  dichlorid,  equal  to  98.9  pounds 
of  dichlorid  of  copper.  To  render  this 
soluble  we  have  prescribed  the  addition  of 
200  pounds  or  20  per  cent,  additional  of 
salt  to  tho  bath,  while  as  we  have  seen,  a 
solution  holding  but  15  per  cent,  will  dis- 
solve at  194°  F.,  considerably  more  than 
this  quantity.  While  these  are  the  theo- 
retical quantities,  there  is  in  practice, 
from  a  secondary  reaction  resulting  in  the 
formation  of  an  insoluble  basic  per-salt,  a 
loss  of  protochlorid  of  iron  amounting  to 
from  five  to  ten  per  cent.,  so  that  the 
chloridizing  power  of  the  bath  is  some- 
what less  than  above  represented.  More- 
over, if  a  considerable  portion  of  dinoxyd 
of  copper  be  present  in  the  ore  the  amount 
of  dichlorid  will  be  largar  than  above 
calculated.  For  both  of  these  reasons  it  is 
not  well  to  add  to  the  above  bath  more 
than  60  or  70  pounds  of  copper  for  each 
100  gallons.  The  solution  of  the  copper 
from  a  properly  prepared  ore  will  be  found 
complete,  by  several  hours  digestion  or 
percolation,  even  in  the  eold,  but  is  more 
rapid  in  proportion  as  the  heat  approaches 
the  boiling  point. 

Preparation  of  the  Ores. — In  the  calcina- 
tion of  carbonates,  as  recommended,  the 
object  is  to  expel  the  carbonic  acid,  which 
would  otherwise  cause  much  effervescence 


separate  the  whole  of  the  copper  from  the 
solutions  a  digestion  of  several  days  with 
metallic  iron  is  resorted  to.  The  protosalt 
of  iron,  which  is  formed  in  this  reaction, 
greedily  absorbs  oxygen  from  the  air  and 
is  thereby  converted  into  a  mixture  of  an 
insoluble  and  a  soluble  persalt.  The  lat- 
ter, as  above  shown,  dissolves  a  quantity 
of  iron  in  its  turn,  and  yields  another  por- 
tion of  insoluble  persalt,  which  falls  with 
the  cement  copper. 

[To  be  continued.] 

River  Mining. 

Such  scenes  as  the  one  depicted  in  our 
cut  are  familiar  to  all  who  came  to  Califor- 
nia in  early  times,  when  plaoer  mining  in  all 
its  forms  was  being  carried  on  extensively. 
For  a  number  of  years  after  the  discovery 
of  gold  the  attention  of  the  miners  was 
turned  almost  exclusively  to  the  bars  and 
banks  or  in  the  beds  of  the  rivers  and 
gulches.  In  those  days  deep  placer  min- 
ing was  almost  unknown,  and  they  were 
content  to  work  the  shallow  surface  dig- 
gings, which  usually  gave  very  large  re- 
turns in  proportion  to  the  labor  required. 
The  bars  where  the  accumulated  gold  lay 
hidden  under  the  surface  of  the  stream 
were  collections  of  sand  and  gravel  stopped 
in  their  course  by  some  obstructions  or 


FLUMING    THE     RIVER. 


in  the  oath.  When  the  red  or  dinoxyd 
predominates  in  the  ore,  this  should  be,  in 
part  at  least,  converted  into  protoxyd  by 
calcination  in  the  air,  since  when  alone  it 
leaves  one  third  of  its  copper  undissolved 
in  the  bath.  In  oxydizing  sulphuretted 
ores  by  roasting  till  all  the  sulphur  is 
oxydized  there  is  obtained  a  mixture  of 
sulphate  of  copper  with  protoxyd  and  a 
portion  of  dinoxyd,  which  latter,  accord- 
ing to  Plattner,  may  amount  to  20  or  30 
per  cent,  of  the  copper.  Further  roasting 
at  a  high  heat  will  convert  both  this  and 
the  sulphate  into  protoxyd,  but  this  con- 
dition is  less  advantageous,  inasmuch  as 
both  time  and  fuel  are  consumed  and  the 
copper  is  rendered  less  soluble.  The  large 
proportion  of  dinoxyd,  moreover,  suffices, 
as  already  explained,  to  convert  much  of 
the  protochlorid  of  copper  into  dichlorid, 
thereby  effecting  a  saving  of  iron  in  pre- 
cipitating. 

Consumption  of  Metallic  Iron. — With  few 
exceptions  the  copper  extracted  by  solution 
from  its  ores  is  thrown  down  in  the  metal- 
lic state  as  cement  copper,  by  means  of 
metallic  iron.  In  theory  there  are  requir- 
ed less  than  89  (88.3)  parts  of  pure  iron 
to  precipitate  100  parts  of  copper  from  a 
solution  of  protosulphate  or  protochlorid, 
but  in  practice  two  or  three  times  as  much 
are  consumed.  This  great  consumption 
of  metallic  iron  is  due  to  two  principal 
causes: 

1st.  In  the  ordinary  processes  for  extract- 
ing copper  from  its  ores  by  the  moist  way, 
acids]  (and  sometimes  persalts  of  iron)  are 
employed  to  render  the  copper  soluble, 
either  as  the  principal  agents  or  as  auxili- 
aries. When  these  are  employed  the  solu- 
tions contain  more  or  less  of  persalts  of 
iron,  which  consume  the  metallic  iron  that 
would  otherwise  throw  down  the  copper. 
Thus  an  amount  of  persulphate  holding 
four  equivalents  of  iron  consumes  five 
equivalents  of  metallic  iron,  which  are 
thereby  converted  intolprotosulphate,  four 
equivalents  of  iron  at  the  same  time  being 
deposited  in  the  form  of  an  insoluble 
basic  persulphate,  which  contaminates  the 
cement  copper. 

2d.  The  second  cause  of  the  waste  of 
iron  is  the  action  of  the  air.     In  order  to 


bend  in  the  river,  and  it  was  usually  nec- 
essary in  such  a  case  to  turn  the  stream 
from  its  course  to  work  them. 

The  object  of  the  miner  being  to  extract 
the  largest  amount  of  gold  in  the  smallest 
amount  of  time  and  little  labor,  the  me- 
chanical appliances  of  the  day  were  what 
we  would  call  now,  quite  primitive.  Still 
a  large  amount  of  labor  was  performed  by 
those  hardy  pioneers  in  their  researches 
after  the  "  dust."  As  our  illustration 
(which  is  from  Hutching's  Magazine)  shows, 
the  bed  of  the  river  was  frequently  laid 
bare  by  constructing  a  dam  and  a  large 
flume  to  carry  the  water,  thus  allowing 
the  miners  to  get  at  the  bottom  of  the  river. 

Of  course  when  this  was  done  and  the 
holes  were  sunk,  considerable  water  accu- 
mulated in  them,  and  the  workmen  re 
sorted  to  the  means  shown  to  keep  them 
clear.  The  wheels  have  a  long  shaft  reach 
ing  to  the  hole,  and  at  the  end  of  this 
is  a  drum,  over  which  a  belt,  fitted  with 
buckets,  passes.  This  belt  goes  up  through 
a  square  box  and  the  current  of  the  river 
furnishes  the  power  for  drawing  up  the 
surplus  water  from  the  diggings.  Biver 
mining  can  only  be  carried  on  in  the  sum- 
mer and  early  fall,  when  the  water  is  low 
and  the  miner  does  not  stand  a  chance  to 
see  all  his  work  destroyed  by  sudden 
freshets.  Frequently  these  flumes  were 
built  at  great  expense  in  hopes  of  "  strik- 
ing it  rich,"  and  the  prospectors  were  dis- 
appointed; but  on  the  other  hand  the 
miners  somtimes  found  enough  gold 
in  a  few  weeks  to  pay  all  previous 
expenses  and  make  their  fortunes  in  the 
bargain.  The  bars  were  worked  in  a  very 
hasty  and  superficial  manner,  and  no 
doubt  in  many  places,  where  work  was 
done  in  early  days,  there  is  still  a  goodly 
quantity  of  the  shining  metal  hidden  from 
the  sight  of  men. 

While  this   supply  of  shallow   aurifer- 


ous dirt  lasted,  the  gold  produced  was  ob- 
tained mostly  by  private  companies  of 
working  men,  whose  capital  consisted  of 
their  muscle  and  energy.  Now  when  it 
is  found  necessary  to  mine  deeper,  capital 
is  required  to  carry  on  work.  Kiver  min- 
ing attracts  very  little  attention  now-a- 
days,  and  few,  except  Chinamen,  are 
found  engaged  in  such  enterprises  as  the 
one  represented  in  our  cut. 


Japanese  Carpenters. 

The  Japanese  carpenters  are  ingenious 
workmen,  and  their  work  is  done  with  mar- 
velous neatness.  A  curious  feature  of  their 
houses  is  that  they  do  not  contain  a  nail; 
all  of  the  joints  and  timbers  being  dove- 
tailed together  by  many  ingenious  devices; 
and  the  whole  work  even  to  the  rafters,  is 
as  smooth  as  if  it  had  been  polished  down 
with  sand-papor.  And  the  Japanese  are  a 
neat  people;  for  they  use  no  paint  to  hide 
any  blemish  of  construction  or  ornamen- 
tation, no  filigree  work  or  plaster  of 
Paris  gewgaws,  but  every  stick  in  the 
building  is  exposed.  Every  morning,  as 
regularly  as  she  cooks  the  breakfast  or 
sweeps  the  floor,  tho  Japanese  housewife 
takes  a  wet  cloth  and  scours  the  whole  in- 
terior of  the  dwelling,  leaving  no  part  un- 
touched, and  no  stain  or  dirt-spot  to  mark 
its  cleanly  appearance.  Then  the  Japan- 
ese do  not  come  into thehouse  with  muddy 
boots,  after  the  style  of  the  American 
sovereign;  but,  having  covered  the  floor 
with  neat  matting,  always  remove  the 
dirty  sandals  before  stepping  upon  it.  I 
stood  and  watched  the  Japanese  carpen- 
ters at  their  work  for  some  minutes,  and 
noticed  the  peculiarity  of  their  movements. 
The  Japanese  carpenter  works  toward  him 
— that  is,  instead  of  shoving  a  plane  upon 
the  board  at  arm's  length,  he  pulls  it  toward 
him;  and  he  cuts,  saws,  and  chops  in  the 
same  way.  His  saws  are  fixed  in  handles 
like  a  butcher's  cleaver,  and  the  teeth  slant 
or  rake  toward  the  handle.  The  planes 
are  constructed  like  ours;  but  the  wooden 
portion  is  very  thin  and  wide.  The  adze 
is  fastened  to  the  end  of  a  hooped  stick, 
like  the  handle  of  one  of  the  crooked  canes 
worn  on  the  arm  on  our  streets;  and  alto- 
gether their  tools  are  different  from  ours, 
yet  I  cannot  observe  that  they  are  awkward 
in  appearance,  or  awkwardly  handled. — 
American  Manufacturer. 


The    Ramie    Interests. 

Perhaps  not  one-third  of  all  the  persons 
who  attended  the  late  State  Fair  had  their 
attention  directed  to  the  few  small  speci- 
mens of  ramie  cloth  that  were  unpre- 
tentiously on  exhibition,  and  of  all  the 
number  who  examined  it  but  a  small  pro- 
portion understood  its  real  value  and  its 
significance  among  the  future  products  of 
the  State.  As  specimens  of  strong  and 
elegant  fabrics  they  are  not  excelled  by 
any  cloth  except  that  made  of  silk,  and  but 
little  inferior  to  silk  in  beauty.  There  is 
an  interest  excited  in  the  production  of  a 
plant  that  produces  such  material,  and 
this  interest  must  increase,  since  the  few 
experiments  that  have  been  tried  demon- 
strate that  the  climate  and  soil  of  Califor- 
nia will  produce  the  ramie  in  perfection. 
The  cloth  on  exhibition  at  the  State  Fair 
consisted  of  many  patterns  for  dress  goods, 
some  made  of  ramie  entire  and  others 
mixed,  some  with  silk  and  some  with  cot- 
ton. There  is  no  article  superior  to  ramie 
for  productions  of  cheap  and  at  the  same 
time  elegant  and  durable  dress  goods,  and 
if  the  cultivation  of  it  on  a  large  scale 
shall  realize  the  expectation  that  the  ex- 
periments so  far  create,  the  time  is  not  far 
distant  when  ramie  cloth  should  be  as 
common  as  cotton.  At  the  Fair  there  was 
a  small  quantity  of  the  fibre  in  a  coarse 
state  on  exhibition.  Its  great  strength  is 
remarkable,  which  it  does  not  lose  when 
prepared  for  the  finest  fabrics.  Dress 
goods  as  fine  and  glossy  as  silk  can  scarcely 
be  torn  at  all  by  the  ordinary  effort. 
There  is  much  inquiry  relative  to  the 
plant  among  farmers,  and  we  understand 
there  is  a  ramie  company  in  San  Francisco 
that  disseminates  information  in  regard  to 
the  culture  of  the  plant  and  how  the  cut- 
tings can  be  obtained.  Farmers  must  not 
become  excited  on  the  subject  of  ramie 
cultivation.  It  is  possible  that  it  may 
prove  not  so  profitable  as  anticipated. 
Labor  may  be  too  dear,  and  unexpected 
difficulties  present  themselves  in  separat- 
ing and  preparing  the  fibre.  But  it  has 
qualities  that  commend  themselves,  and  all 
difficulties  must  in  time  be  overcome  and 
the  article  utilized.  That  it  promises  to 
become  an  important  production  of  the 
State  is  hardly  to  be  doubted. — Sac.  Union. 

The  Pullman  palace  cars  are  to  be  intro- 
duced on  the  principal  English  railways. 


March  2,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


135 


UsEfdL     l[<FOr\[HAJION. 

Mechanical  Applications  of  fndla- 
Rabber. 

Pare  india-rubber  is  of  a  wbito  coI..r;  it- 
dark  color, as  genorallyusod, being  occasion- 
ed by  smoke.  It  is  composed  of  hydrogen 
and  carbon,  and  is  soltiblo  in  coal-tar  oil. 
Whon  pure  india-rubber  is  combined  with 
flour  of  sulphur  we  have  the  commercial 
product  dolled  india-rubber,  of  great 
value,  from  the  many  purposes  to  which 
it  may  be  applied.  The  proportion  of 
sulphur  t"  oooutohono  is  about  2-6  parte 
in  100.  When  tho  proportions  of  sulphur 
are  considerably  increased  and  greater 
heat  applied,  a  product  is  formed  called 
vulcanite  or  ebonite,  much  used  in  orna- 
1  .  d  of  -  parts  of  oaonl 
chouc  or  india-rubber,  and  1  of  sulphur, 
heated  at  300   P. 

Tho  wear  of  vulcanized  india-rubber  in 
its  application  to  steam  engine  pump- 
valves  is  a  subject  of  great  importance  to 
the  marine  engineer.  The  india-rubbor 
valve  covers  are  affected  in  many  ways, 
and  the  duration  and  time  of  wearing 
prosent  certain  anouiolies.  They  are  sub- 
ject to  various  actions,  some  mechanical 
and  chemical;  the  specific  density  of  the 
material,  and  the  formation  of  the  guards 
of  tho  valves,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  ac- 
tion of  tho  oil  in  tho  lubricants  on  the 
other,  Pure  rubber  does  not  prosent  the 
some  advantage  for  such  applications  as 
vulcanized  rubber  containing  a  metallic 
pigment,  experiments  showing  that  pure 
rubber  is  more  readily  acted  on  by  oils 
and  grease  than  that  of  mixed  quality. 
Puro  rubber  may  be  used  with  advantage 
where  the  water  is  free  from  grease  or  oil ; 
but  a  mixed  rubber  of  a  specific  gravity  of 
about  1,202  is  more  generally  useful. — Ex. 

Artificial  Eyes  —  How  Made.  —  For 
many  years  eyes  of  glass  for  dolls,  dum- 
mies, wax-work  figures,  stuffed  birds  and 
beasts,  have  been  made  in  Birmingham; 
but  only  since  the  Exhibition  of  1851  have 
artificial  human  eyes  been  produced 
there,  equal  if  not  superior  to  those  of 
French  manufacture.  The  process  of 
manufacture  is  simple  enough,  but  it  re- 
quires, nevertheless,  a  good  deal  of  ma- 
nipulative skill.  The  workman  takes  a 
number  of  glass  rods  of  the  requisite  col- 
ors, and  heats  them  in  succession.  The 
first  is  generally  white  or  colorless  glass  to 
form  the  white  of  the  eye;  the  next  form- 
ing the  iris;  and  the  third,  •"  a  little  spot 
from  a  black  rod,"  forms  the  pupil;  even- 
ness of  the  outline  is  the  great  object  to  at- 
tain, and  this  requires  no  small  amount  of 
skill.  The  demand  is  prodigious,  espe 
cially  for  dolls'  eyes,  which  are  packed  iu 
hogsheads  and  sent  to  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

Blacking. — The  lustrous  qualities  of 
blacking  are  frequently  derived  from  in- 
gredients which  are  most  deleterious  and 
destructive  to  leather.  Herr  Artus  pub- 
lishes a  new  formula,  and  claims  several 
advantages  for  it,  to  which  we  may  add  its 
cheapness  and  accessibility:  Three  or  four 
pounds  vegetable  black,  1%  pounds  ivory 
black,  5  pounds  molasses,  and  5  pounds  gly- 
cerine, mixed  thoroughly  together.  Six 
ounces  gntta  percha  in  small  pieces,  are 
then  melted  and  when  fluid,  20  ounces 
olive  oil  are  added,  and  subsequently,  2 
ounces  stearine.  The  second  mixture, 
while  quite  hot,  is  stirred  into  the  first; 
and  then  a  further  addition  of  10  ounces 
gum  Senegal,  dissolved  in  about  3  quarts 
water,  is  added.  This  compound  is  the 
stock;  for  use,  it  should  be  diluted  with 
about  three  times  its  quantity  of  warm 
water.      

Impressions  from  Prints. — Take  of  oil  of 
turpentine  one  drachm,  liquid  potash  four 
drachms,  and  mix  together  thoroughly 
by  shaking  in  a  bottle;  then  satur- 
ate a  piece  of  wool  thoroughly  with 
the  solution  and  dab  it  gently  on  the 
print.  When  you  find  that  the  print  to  be 
copied  is  nicely  damped,  place  a  sheet  of 
white  paper  over  it,  then  another  paper  on 
this,  and  rub  gently  with  your  finger, 

Chinese  Astronomy.— Prof.  Jno.  Will- 
iams of  the  Eoyal  Astronomical  Society 
of  England,  has  lately  published  a  book 
of  Observations  on  Comets,  in  which  he 
makes  a  brief  allusion  to  the  progress  in 
this  branch  of  science  which  has  been 
made  by  the  Chinese.  He  seems  to  recog- 
nize as  authentic,  observations  recorded 
2,300  years  before  the  Christian  era. 

The  eleven  Territories  exceed  by  nearly 
200,000  square  miles,  the  aggregate  area 
of  the  at  present  admitted  States  of  the 
Union. 


Dost  Rings  for  Watches. 

This  is  a  new  dust  excluder,  to  bo  ap- 
plied to  watches  between  the  top  and  bot- 
tom plates  of  their  works,  for  the  purposo 
uf  preventing  impurities  from  entering  tho 
works.  The  underside  of  tho  top  plate  of 
the  works  of  a  watch  is  beveled  at  the 
edge,  the  beveled  portion  extending  to  a 
shoulder.  The  dust  excludor  is  made  of  a 
metallic  spring  band,  which  is  laid  around 
the  train  so  as  to  rest  against  tho  beveled 
portion  of  tho  top  plate,  or  against  a  simi- 
lar bevel  of  the  bottom  plate  or  both. 
Tho  ends  of  tho  Bpriug  band  are  either 
made  to  overlap,  or  fastened  to  a  cast  arch, 
which  is  sot  between  tho  top  and  bottom 
plates,  and  bulged  out  to  admit  tho  pro- 
truding main  wheel.  This  arched  casting 
abuts  with  its  rounded  ends  against  the 
ends  of  ears  formed  on  the  top  plate.  One 
end  of  the  band  is  secured  to  the  cast  arch 
by  a  screw,  and  the  other  end  is  slotted 
and  fitted  over  a  screw  projecting  from  the 
arch,  tho  screw  being  tightened  on  tho 
narrow  part  of  tho  Blot.  When  tho  baud 
is  used  alouo,  the  screw  or  connecting  pin 
projects  from  one  end  through  a  slot  in 
the  other.  The  spring  power  of  the 
band  crowds  it  against  the  bevel,  and 
serves,  therefore,  to  properly  exclude  the 
dust. 


QoOD    r^E^LJrj. 


Wasteful  Use  or  Gas. — The  Board  of 
Trade,  of  Loudon,  has  recently  submitted 
an  exhaustive  report,  through  a  special 
commitee  of  experts,  with  reference  to  the 
principles  of  gas  illumination.  The  fol- 
low points  with  regard  to  the  economical 
use  of  gas  should  attract  tho  attention  of 
gas  consumers  generally: 

By  using  good  burners  instead  of  bad 
ones,  consumers  may  obtain  from  30  to  50 
per  cent,  more  light,  while  their  gas  bills 
remain  the  same.  The  improvement  of 
burners  is  important  as  a  sanitary  reform, 
as  in  furnishing  the  same  quantity  of  light 
the  good  burner  will  consume  less  gas  and 
consequently  less  air  and  will  produce  a 
smaller  quantity  of  the  products  of  com- 
bustion, and  less  heat,  than  a  poor  burner. 
Burners  from  two  newspaper  offices  gave 
only  one-half  the  illuminating  power  of 
the  gas,  while  several  of  the  burners  tested 
gave  only  one-quarter  the  proper  light  of 
the  gas. 

These  facts  and  many  others  which 
came  to  their  knowledge  proved  to  the 
referees  that  "  an  enormous  waste  of  gas 
prevails,  with  a  corresponding  pecuniary 
loss  to  the  public." 

London  pays  810,000,000  per  annum  for 
gas,  and  the  referees  believe  that  one- 
fourth  this  sum  may  be  saved  by  the  use 
of  good  burners. 

Curiosities  of  Motion. — Is  any  change 
operated  on  a  man  by  a  change  in  the  ve- 
locity of  his  motion  round  the  axis  of  the 
earth  ?  Suppose,  for  instance,  a  dweller 
in  latitude  60  were  to  suddenly  change  his 
residenco  to  the  Equator,  he  would  double 
his  velocity.  For  while  at  latitude  60,  he 
travels  round  with  the  earth  at  the  rate  of 
500  miles  an  hour,  at  the  Equator  he  does 
1,000  miles  an  hour.  Again,  at  latitude  72 
the  Greenlander  is  lazily  carried  round  a 
paltry  130  miles  an  hour — while  the  man 
at  the  North  Pole  calmly  revolves  about 
once  in  34  hours.  Of  course  the  motion 
is  unfelt,  because  all  things  move  together; 
but  the  change  from  the  tropical  to  an 
artic  climate  is  so  great  that  it  may  possi- 
bly produce  physical  or  mental  effects  of 
which  we  are  as  yet  unconscious.  Of 
course  the  steering  of  a  ship  from  north 
to  south  must  be  sensibly  effected  by  the 
constant  acceleration  from  west  to  east. 
On  the  long  railways  of  Eussia,  too,  I  be- 
lieve it  is  found  that  the  rails  are  uni- 
formly more  worn  on  one  side  than  on  the 
other,  in  consequence  of  this  force. — Gen- 
tlemeiCs  Magazine. 

Filtering  Water  on  a  Large  Scale. — 
All  the  water  companies  of  London  are 
compelled  by  law  to  filter  the  water  which 
they  supply  to  the  city,  from  the  Thames 
and  the  sea.  The  only  exemption  from  this 
rule  is  the  Kirt  Co.,  which  obtains  its 
supplies  from  deep  wells,  penetrating  the 
chalk  formation.  The  filtering  layer 
through  which  all  this  water  runs  is  six 
feet  thick,  composed  chiefly  of  sand. 


There  are  three  gatherings  of  coffee  in 
a  year  in  Brazil.  Nothing  is  more  beauti- 
ful than  a  coffee  plantation  in  full  bloom. 
The  snowy  blossoms  all  burst  forth  sim- 
ultaneously, and  the  fields  seem  covered 
with  a  delicate  mantle  of  white  which  exhales 
a  fragrance  not  unworthy  of  Eden.  But  the 
beauty  is  ephemeral,  for  the  snow  white 
flowers  and  the  delightful  odor  passes 
away  in  twenty-four  hours. 


A  Simple  Remedy  for  Dandruff. 

There  are  doubtless  few  persons,  espe- 
cially among  gentlemen,  who  do  not  suffer 
from  tho  inconvenience  of  dandruff. 
Physicians  seem  to  consider  it  not  of  suf- 
ficient importance  to  engage  their  atten- 
tion, and  tho  poor  victims  are  left  either 
to  practice  their  virtue  of  endurance,  or 
for  a  cure,  to  try  some  of  the  many  nos 
trams  advertised  in  public  prints. 

Tho  intolerable  itching  which  frequent- 
ly accompanies  the  troublesome  complaint, 
is  not  the  only  unpleasnt  feature,  as  to 
persons  of  any  pretentions  to  neatness,  the 
appearanco  of  the  white  scales  on  the  coat 
collar  and  shouldors  is  very  objection- 
able. 

The  writer,  during  a  number  of  years, 
tried  the  different  alcoholic  solutions  of 
castor  oil  and  many  other  preparations 
without  permanent  benefit,  and  as  a  last 
rosort,  was  led  to  adopt  the  plan  of  cleans- 
ing the  scalp  with  borax  and  carbonate  of 
potassa.  This  proved  effectual,  but  after 
a  persistent  treatment  of  some  months  the 
hair  became  sensibly  thinner,  and  per- 
haps would  soon  have  disappeared  alto- 
gether. The  belief  that  dandruff  arises  from 
a  disease  of  the  skin,  although  physicians 
do  not  seem  to  agree  on  this  point,  and  the 
knowledge  that  the  use  of  sulphur  is  fre- 
quently attended  with  very  happy  results 
in  such  diseases,  induced  me  to  try  it  in 
my  own  case.  A  preparation  of  one  ounce 
flowers  of  sulphur  and  one  quart  of  water 
was  made.  The  clear  liquid  was  poured 
off,  after  the  mixture  had  been  repeatedly 
agitated  during  the  intervals  of  a  few 
hours,  and  the  head  saturated  with  this 
every  morning. 

In  a  few  weeks  every  trace  of  dandruff 
had  disappeared,  the  hair  became  soft  and 
glossy,  and  now,  after  a  discontinuance  of 
the  treatment  for  eighteen  months,  there 
is  no  indication  of  the  return  of  the  dis- 
ease. I  do  not  pretend  to  explain  the 
modus  operandi  of  the  treatment,  for  it  is 
well  known  that  sublimed  sulphur  is  al- 
most or  wholly  insoluble,  and  the  liquid 
used  was  destitute  of  taste,  color  or  smell. 
The  effects  speak  for  itself.  Other  per- 
sons to  whom  it  has  been  recommended 
have  had  the  same  results,  and  I  commu- 
nicate the  result  of  my  experiments  in  the 
belief  that  it  may  be  valuable  and  accept- 
able to  many  who  have  suffered  in  the 
same  manner  as  myself. — American  Jour- 
nal of  Plmrmacy. 

Failure  of  Cundurango  in  England. — 
All  that  we  hear  of  the  results  of  the  trials 
given  to  the  cundurango  bark  furnished 
by  our  Government  to  the  Middlesex  and 
St.  Bartholomew's  Hospitals,  through  the 
College  of  Physicians,  confirms  the  fear 
that  any  hope  which  might  have  been  en- 
tertained, of  a  confirmation  of  the  state- 
ment of  its  utility  as  a  remedy  in  cancer, 
must  be  entirely  dismissed.  Physiologi- 
cally, it  appears  to  be  practically  inert, 
and  its  therapeutic  effects  in  the  treat- 
ment of  the  cancer  to  be  nil.  It  furnishes 
a  slightly  bitter  extract  of  feeble  charac- 
ter. A  detailed  therapeutical  report  will 
be  made  by  Mr.  Hulke,  and  a  careful  ex- 
amination of  its  physiological  action  by 
Dr.  Brunton,  but  this  mainly  in  deference 
rather  to  the  official  sources  from  which 
this  small  supply  has  been  furnished,  and 
to  set  at  rest  the  excitement  caused  by  the 
somewhat  scandalous  claims  which  have 
been  set  up  in  its  favor. — British  Journal. 

The  New  Stimulant.— Chloral  drink- 
ing, according  to  the  physicians,  is  super- 
seding absinthe,  opium  and  alcoholic  stim- 
ulants among  the  better  classes.  An  in- 
siduous  sedative,  its  use  grows  more  dan- 
gerously on  the  tippler,  than  more  active- 
ly intoxicating  drinks.  The  manufacture 
of  this  drug  is  the  best  evidence  of  the 
extent  of  its  use.  In  Europe,  its  produc- 
tion has  become  one  of  the  leading  chemical 
industries,  and  it  is  sold  by  the  ton.  Bar- 
on Liebig  affirms  that  one  German  chem- 
ist manufactures  and  sells  half  a  ton 
a  week.  The  London  Spectator  says: 
"  Taking  chloral  is  the  new  and  popular 
vice  particularly  among  women,  and  is 
doing  at  least  as  much  harm  as  alcohol. 
The  drug  is  kept  in  thousands  of  dressing 
cases,  and  those  who  begin  its  use  often 
grow  so  addicted  to  it  that  they  pass  their 
lives  in  a  sort  of  contented  stupefaction. 
Chloral  drunkards  will  soon  be  an  admit- 
ted variety  of  the  species." 

The  Lungs. — If  every  cell  in  the  lungs 
were  cut  open  and  spread  out  on  a  wall, 
they  would  cover  a  space  of  twelve  yards 
each  way;  that  is,  at  every  full  breath, 
the  air  drawn  in  is  spread  over  a  surface 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty  yards. 


Forests  and  Rain. 

Does  the  Destruction  ol  Trees  Diminish  the 
Rain-Fall? 

Boussingault,  in  his  "  Rural  Economy," 
gives  as  his  opinion  "  that  the  felling  of 
forests  over  a  large  extent  of  country  has 
always  the  effect  of  lessening  the  mean 
annual  rain-fall." 

Baron  Humboldt  states  in  his  Asiatic 
travels,  that  "  iu  crossing  the  steppe  of 
Baraba,  on  his  way  from  Tobolsk  to  Ba- 
roul,  he  perceived  everywhere  that  tho 
drying  up  of  waters  increases  rapidly 
under  tho  influence  of  the  cultivation  of 
the  soil." 

The  same  experienced  traveller  in  his 
description  of  Lake  Valentia,  in  the  Valley 
D'Aragua,  in  Venezuela,  a  sheet  of  wator 
on  tho  high  table  lands,  and  without  any 
outlet,  ascribed  the  diminution  of  the 
waters  to  "the  extensive  clearings  winch 
had  been  effected  in  the  course  of  half  a 
century  in  the  Arragua  Valley,"  and  con- 
cludes by  stating  ''that  men  in  all  cli- 
mates Beeni  to  be  bringing  upon  future 
generations  two  calamities  at  once — a  want 
of  fuel  and  a  scarcity  of  water." 

Early  travellers  on  the  Colorado  Desert, 
in  this  State,  will  remember  tho  cluster 
of  about  thirty  palm  trees  at  tho  so-called 
Palm  Springs,  on  the  west  side  of  tho 
canon,  between  the  Vallecitos  Springs  and 
Carrisa  Creek,  and  about  twelve  miles 
south  of  the  former.  These  palms  were 
planted  by  the  padres  of  the  old  San  Diego 
Mission.  From  the  traditions  of  the  old 
Mission  we  learn  that  the  padres  found 
a  small  flow  of  water  at  irregular  intervals 
at  this  particular  place  in  the  desert.  They 
planted  palms  there  for  the  same  reason 
which  induced  the  Arabs  to  plant  date 
palms  at  the  springs  in  their  deserts,  viz: 
shade  and  water.  From  the  circumstances 
of  the  case,  the  conclusion  is  a  fair  one 
that  these  Vallecitos  Canon  palms  were 
propagated  from  the  dried  dates  of  the 
Mediterranean,  shipped  among  the  sup- 
plies to  the  Mission.  These  palms  in- 
creased the  supply  of  water  from  the 
springs,  and  made  it  perpetual.  The  same 
vandal  gold-hunting  element  that  used  the 
well  buckets  and  curbs  on  the  Colorado 
Deserts  for  fuel,  cut  down  these  few 
palm  trees,  and  the  spring  shortly  after 
disappeared.  What  renders  this  vandal- 
ism without  excuse  is  the  fact  that  the 
palm  trees  were  unfit  for  fuel. 

A  similar  phenomenon  is  recorded  by  M. 
Desbassyns  do  Bichmond  as  having  oc- 
cured  in  the  island  of  Ascencion.  Upon 
planting  the  trees  anew,  however,  the 
spring  in  a  few  years  reappeared.  No 
doubt  our  palm  springs  would  reappear  if 
we  replanted  the  palms;  and  we  respect- 
fullysubmit  these  facts  to  the  attention  of 
the  proper  Legislative  Committee,  sug- 
gesting that  a  few  hundred  dollars  be  ap- 
propriated for  this  purpose. 

Forests  retard  evaporation;  agriculture 
increases  it.  Forests  hold  back  the  water 
that  has  fallen,  and  thereby  diminish  the 
chances  of  floods.  Every  leaf,  every  stick, 
and  the  bedB  of  moss  and  mould  are  min- 
iature reservoirs.- — Morning  Gall. 


Elder  John  Strong. — Probably  the 
largest  family  in  the  country,  of  one  orig- 
inal lineage,  is  jthe  Strong  Family.  Its 
founder,  Elder  John  Strong,  Buling  Elder 
of  the  First  Congregational  Church  of  this 
town,  who  died  April  14,  1699,  aged  94 
years,  had  18  children,  of  whom  15  had 
families,  most  of  them  large,  and  some  of 
them  nearly  as  large  as  their  father's. 
What  mammoth  minoe  pies  our  grand- 
mothers must  have  made  1  Their  descend- 
ants, each  and  all,  have  been  traced  down 
carefully  to  the  present  time,  to  the  num- 
ber of  over  22,000.  Their  genealogy,  cost- 
ing four  years  of  solid  toil,  (from  10  to  12 
hours  daily)  involving  the  expenditure  of 
several  thousands  of  dollars,  has  been 
traced  by  Benj.  Woodbridge  Dwight,  and 
now  issued  iu  two  large  volumes.  Among 
the  representative  family  likenesses  in 
these  books,  may  be  found  those  of  Gov. 
Caleb  Strong,  Prof.  Theo.  Strong,  of  Rut- 
ger's  College,  N.  J.,  Hon.  Edw.  South- 
worth,  Prof.  James  D.  Dana,  and  Bev. 
Dr.  Dorus  Clark. — Northampton  (Mass.) 
Gazette  <6  Courier. 


The  doctrine  that  guano  is  the  deposit 
or  excretia  of  birds  is  put  sadly  at  fault  by 
the  discovery  of  large  deposits  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  ocean,  showing  that  it  is  a 
stratified  deposit  of  plants  and  animals  of 
marine  origin. 

Dynamite  is  employed  with  good  effect 
in  France  for  the  breaking  up  of  ice  in 
the  rivers  where  channels  are  required, 
or  where  a  gorge  has  taken  place. 


136 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  2,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Seniob  EDrron. 

r»EWEY  <Sk  CO.,  IPixtolisliers. 

4.  T.  DF.WF.T,                                                                      OIO.  H.  8TBONG, 
W.  B.  T.WKB.  "TO.  L.  BQONK. 

Office,  fn.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Adveetising Rates.—  1  week,   lmonth.    3  months,   lyear. 

Perliae    21!  .80  J2.00        S5.00 

One-half  inch Sl.WI        S3  00  7.50         20.00 

Oneinch 2.00         5.00  14.00         36.00 

Large  advertisements  -at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscbiptions  payable  in  advance — For  one  year.  $4; 
six  months,  $2.50:  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  lis  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3s.;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion. Is. ;  subseauent.  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  fioecial  rates. 


San  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Mar.  2,   1872. 


Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Kates. 

Ban  Fbanoisoo,  "Wednesday,  February  28, 1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying  91;  selling,  91 3$.  Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  110)4. 


Table  of  Contents. 

Eottobials.— Iron  Interest  for  1872;  Mining  Commis- 
sioner's Report.  129  Precious  Metals  in  the  Eastern 
States ;  Sargent's  New  Mineral  Land  Bill  ;  Laying 
Fumes  of  Giant  Powder.  13fi.  Giant  Powder  in  Grass 
Valley;  A  New  4rctic  Expedition  137. 

Illustbations — The  Selden  Double-acting  Plunger 
Pumn,  129.  River  Mining,  134.  Col.  L.  M.  Black,  of 
Montana.  137. 

Communications. — Wastage  of  the  Precious  Metals,  140. 

Mechanical  Pbogefss.— Builder's  Hardware;  Straw  for 
Boiler  Fuel;  The  Coloring  of  Voneera;  Photographed 
Nerve  Seotions.  131 . 

Sctendfio  Pbogbess.— To  Detect  the  Presence  of 
Atmospheric  Air  in  Illuminating  Gas  ;  Chemical 
Climatology  :  Illustrnti'ins  of  Popular  Lectures  : 
Califaction:  Chemical  Influence  of    Solar  Heat.  131 

Mining  Suwmaey — Reports  from  Mines  in  various 
States.  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Markets. 
Etc.,  132-3. 

Useful  Infoemation. — Mechanical  Appliances  of  India 
Rubber;  Artificial  Eves— How  Made;  Dust  Rings  for 
Watches;  Waste  Use  of  Gas.  Curiosities  of  Motion. 135 

Goon  Health. — A  Simple  Remedy  for  Dandruff:  Failure 
of  Cundurango  in  England;  The  New  Stimulant.  135. 

DoMEsna  Economy.— A  German  Kitchen:  East  Indian 
Method  of  Cleaning  Silverware;  Domestic  Receipts, 
E'o.  139. 

Miscellaneous— Causes  of  Depression'of  Placer  Mining: 
Underground  Temrteratnre  :  Winnemuoea  Silver 
Mines:  Nevada'R  Bullion  Product  in  1R71;  Manznnita, 
130.  The  Hunt  k  Douglas  Process  for  the  Extraction 
of  Copper  fr-m  its  Ores— No.  2:  Japanese  Carpenters: 
The  Ramie  Interests.  134.  Forests  and  Rain.  135.  New 
Incorporations :  Mining  Accidents ;  Tubular  Iron 
Wheelbarrow,  137. 

Transportation  over  Heavy  Bailroad 
Grades.  —  The  expense  of  transporting 
freight  by  rail,  over  the  Sierra  Nevada 
is  more  than  five  times  as  much  as  the  cost 
of  transporting  the  same  amount  of  mer- 
chandise over  the  same  distance  of  level 
road.  A  train  which  requires  only  one 
locomotive  on  a  level,  requires  five,  when 
going  up  the  heavy  grades  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Sierras.  Moreover,  the  special 
engines  used  for  this  heavy  wort  tear  and 
destroy  the  track  in  a  much  larger  ratio 
than  the  lighter  engines  used  on  the 
plains.  From  Koeklin  station,  on  the 
western  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  to  the 
Summit,  the  distance  is  83  miles,  and  the 
elevation  overcome  is  6,768  feet.  The 
actual  equivalent  of  this  distance  on  a 
level  road  is  421  miles,  or  a  little  over  five 
times  the  real  length  of  the  road  itself. 
It  will  thus  be  seen  that  there  is  demand- 
ed five  times  the  power  to  operate  this  83 
miles  that  would  be  required  to  operate 
the  same  distance  in  the  valleys. 


To  Correspondents. — J.  W.  L.  The 
value  of  your  specimen  of  clay  cannot  be 
definitely  determined  except  by  chemical 
analysis,  the  expense  of  which  we  are  not 
prepared  to  undergo.  Better  send  some  to  a 
competent  assayer  who  will  give  the  de- 
sired information. 

L.  H.  and  J.  A.  H.  If  you  will  examine 
the  patent  reports  you  will  find  that  the 
plan  you  propose  is  an  old  one.  That 
principle  of  propelling  boats  has  been  ap- 
plied, but  was  unsuccessful. 

On  File. --Communications  from  "Eagle 
Quill"  —  "Ludlow,"  G.  H.  B.,  and 
"  Quartz." 

Annual  Catalogue  of  the  officers  and  students 
for  1871-2,  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology,  is  at  hand. 


Precious  Metals  in  the  Eastern  States. 

A  silver  "  excitement"  exists  in  Owen 
County,  Indiana,  and  a  number  of  people 
are  making  arrangements  to  sink  shafts 
and  prospect  the  country  in  the  vicinity 
of  a  newly-discovered  quartz  ledge.  This 
ledge  is  said  to  be  five  feet  wide  and  rich 
in  silver  and  lead.  The  owner  says  he 
has  refused  $50,000  for  an.  eight  interest 
and  intends  superintending  and  working 
it  himself.  He  has  never  been  in  Califor- 
nia or  Nevada  or  he  would  most  assuredly 
"snap"  at  that  offer  and  throw  in  another 
eighth  in  the  bargain.  The  top  of  the 
ledge  only  has  been  opened. 

In  Windsor  County,  Vermont,  the  peo- 
ple are  exercised  over  a  gold  discovery. 
An  island  of  about  15  acres  in  extent  has 
been  formed  in  the  White  Eiver  by  mud 
deposits.  It  has  for  some  years  been  used 
as  a  pasture,  but  last  summer  an  English- 
man named  Saltry,  who  has  been  in  Cali- 
fornia, got  an  idea  that  there  was  gold  in 
the  soil.  He  leased  it  on  this  supposition, 
which  proved  correct.  He  has  since  re- 
leased in  small  portions  to  a  number  of 
parties  who  are  now  working  it,  among 
them  the  owner  of  the  land,  who  paid  $500 
for  the  right  to  dig.  The  soil  is  black  sand, 
in  which  grains  of  gold  are  visible. 

A  telegram  dated  the  ?lst  inst.  chroni- 
cles the  discovery  of  gold  in  the  Black 
Hills,  on  the  White  Earth  Biver,  in  Iowa. 
It  has  been  found  in  the  bed  of  Ice  Creek 
a  small  stream  flowing  into  that  river, 
about  200  miles  above  Fort  Bandall.  The 
region  is  to  be  more  thoroughly  prospected 
in  the  spring.  White  Earth  Biver  is  in 
the  vicinity  of  Big  Home  Biver,  where  the 
Expedition  organized  at  Cheyenne  last 
season  expected  to  find  precious  metal. 

Not  to  be  outdone  in  mineral  producing 
qualities  now  comes  Wisconsin  and  says 
she  has  gold  in  Clark  Co.  According  to 
Prof.  B.  D.  Irving,  it  is  found  in  small 
quantities  in  the  quartz'  veins,  oocurring 
not  far  from  the  junction  of  the  potsdam 
sandstone  with  the  eozoio  rocks  which 
underlie  the  northern  half  of  the  State. 
The  prevailing  rocks  in  that  region  are 
chloritio  and  talcose  schists  intersected 
with  veins  of  quartz.  Associated  with  the 
gold  are  small  quantities  of  magnetic  iron 
in  scales,  pyrite  and  mispickel,  scattered 
as  usual  through  a  tough,  white  quartz, 
presenting  none  of  the  reddish  appearance 
common  to  surface  gold  ores  of  any  value. 

It  is  not  probable  that  any  great  excite- 
ment will  ensue  from  this  discovery,  as  the 
quartz  only  assays  about  20  cents  per  ton; 
still  the  effort  on  the  part  of  Wisconsin  to 
be  a  gold-producing  State  is  commendable, 
but  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  other  Eastern 
States  which  follow  her  example  will  meet 
with  better  success.  To  make  the  mines 
pay  they  will  have  to  use  some  process 
which  will  work  up  to  a  better  per  cent, 
than  even  our  mills  on  this  coast.  It's  no 
use  for  you  to  try.  there  in  the  East,  we 
are  the  treasury  of  the  nation,  in  this  part 
of  the  world,  and  likely  to  remain  so. 

Silver  Excitement. — A  new  excitement 
is  likely  to  begin  in  the  spring  in  the  di- 
rection of  the  Schell  Creek  mines,  in  East- 
ern Nevada.  Parties  in  this  city  exhibit 
very  rich  ore  and  represent  that  people  are 
already  going  to  the  mines,  in  numbers. 
Schell  Creek  is  reached  by  stage  from 
Humboldt  Wells  in  14  hours  travel;  fare 
$20.  Our  advice  to  miners  is  to  let  well 
alone,  and  if  their  claims  are  passable,  not 
to  try  any  new  El  Dorado  but  be  satisfied 
with  what  they  have.  At  all  events,  wait 
till  spring  opens  and  find  out  definitely 
what  you  are  going  after  before  you  go. 
If  the  country  is  what  it  is  represented  to 
be,  there  will  be  time  enough  then  without 
any  risk  of  being  frozen  to  death, 

41  Back  Log  Studies"  in  iScribner's  Monthly, 
by  Chas.  D.  Warner,  author  of  "  My  Summer 
in  a  Garden,"  deserves  special  mention  as  be- 
ing of  the  first  order  of  magazine  articles.  No. 
Ill  of  the  series  appears  in  the  March  number 
of  Scribner. 


Sargent's  New  Mineral  Land  Bill. 

The  bill  introduced  by  Mr.  Sargent  in 
Congress  on  the  23d  of  January,  is  well 
calculated  to  enhance  the  interests  of  the 
mining  community.  It  has  already  passed 
the  house.  The  provisions  of  the  law 
are  to  give  to  owners  of  claims  a  fee 
simple  of  the  surface  to  a  certain  distance 
on  either  side  of  the  claim;  to  secure  the 
description  of  the  claims,  so  that  they  can 
be  clearly  identified;  to  regulate  the  ten- 
ure of  possessory  title  by)  requiring 
that  a  certain  amount  of  work  shall  be 
done  annually  on  each  claim,  and  to  sim- 
plify and  cheapen  the  process  of  obtain- 
ing United  States  patents  for  mining 
ground. 

The  claims  are  not  to  extend  more  than 
300  feet  on  each  side  of  the  centre  of  the 
lode  nor  less  than  25  feet;  the  owner  to 
have  the  exclusive  right  to  work  all  the 
lodes  within  his  boundaries  that  come  to 
the  surface;  when  in  developing  a  mine,  a 
tunnel  is  run,  the  owners  of  the  tunnel 
are  to  have  the  proprietorship  of  all  in- 
tersecting lodes  not  previously  discovered, 
to  a  distance  of  500  feet  on  each  side.  Any 
person  or  corporation  who  has  spent  $500 
in  working  a  claim  are  entitled  to  a  patent 
on  paying  $5  per  acre.  The  notice  of  ap- 
plication to  be  published  sixty  instead  of 
ninety  days,  and  the  necessary  affidavits 
may  be  taken  by  local  officers  near  the 
mines  in  question.  The  bill  further  pro- 
vides that  patents  may  be  obtained  by  cor- 
porations whether  the  stockholders  are 
citizens  or  not. 

The  provision  which  entitles  tunnel 
owners  to  a  right  of  500  feet  on  each  side 
of  tunnel,  of  previously  undiscovered 
veins,  seem  to  us  to  be  a  superfluous  one,for 
without  it  the  tunnel  owner  as  discoverer 
of  a  new  vein  would  have  a  right  to  400 
feet,  and  could  locate  for  his  friends  2,600 
feet  more,  which  he  would  prefer  to  do, 
instead  of  having  1,000  feet,  if  the  vein 
was  worth  taking  up  at  all.  The  evils 
which  Mr.  Sargent  proposes  to  remedy  in  the 
matter  of  cheapening  the  process  of  patent 
ing  mining  ground.should  have  been  attend- 
ed to  long  since,  and  we  should  congratu- 
late ourselves  in  having  representatives  in 
Congress  who  have  an  eye  to  the  much 
neglected  mining  legislation.  The  pro- 
vision permitting  local  officers  near  the 
mines  to  take  affidavits  to  prove  possession, 
expenditure,  boundaries,  etc.,  in  making 
out  application  for  patents,  instead  of 
having  them  taken  at  the  land  offices,  will 
save  time  and  expense.  The  absurd  rule 
under  which  the  present  commissioner  of 
the  Land  Office  holds  that  no  company 
shall  be  entitled  to  a  patent  for  their  mine 
unless  all  the  stockholders  are  citizens  of 
the  United  States,  will  be  repealed  under 
the  provisions  of  this  bill. 

»    ,.^-^a*  -*--* 

Premium  for  Electrical  Improvements. 
The  govornment  of  France,  in  1866,  of- 
fered a  premium  of  $10,000  for  the  most 
useful  application  of  the  voltaic  pile;  time 
open  for  competition  until  April,  1871. 
At  the  expiration  of  the  time,  the  appli- 
cants were  few  in  number,  and,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  savans,  to  whom  the  matter 
was  referred,  none  of  the  devices  presented 
were  considered  i  if  sufficient  merit  to  en- 
title the  applicant  to  take  the  prize.  Sub- 
sequently— on  the  29th  of  November  last 
— the  present  government  issued  another 
decree  renewing  the  offer  and  extending 
the  period  of  competition  to  November 
29th,  1876. 

Discovery. — A  dispatch  from  Grass  Val- 
ley dated  Feb.  28  says  that  two  miners 
named  Reese  and  Depew  have  made  a  rich 
strike  on  Bandolph  Hill,  near  Bough  and 
Beady.  From  one  pan  of  dust  they  ob- 
tained nine  ounces,  and  took  out  $600 
worth  of  gold  in  two  hours  on  Tuesday. 
The  gold  is  rough  and  in  decomposed 
quartz.  It  seems  to  be  a  sort  of  deposit, 
there  being  no  ledge.  Bandolph  Hill  was 
abandoned  years  ago  as  placer  diggings. 


Allaying  the  Fumes  of  Giant  Powder. 

.  We  have  several  times  taken  occasion  to 
refer  to  Dr.  Blatchley's  patent  for  allaying 
the  fumes  of  Giant  powder  by  the  use  of 
a  spray  of  water.  Well  known  facts  con- 
nected with  the  power  of  water  for  the 
absorption  of  gases  generally,  especially 
when  applied  in  the  form  of  fine  spray, 
warrants  us  in  assuming  that  the  deleteri- 
ous effects  of  the  gases  arising  from  the 
explosion  of  Giant  powder,  many  be  very 
materially  if  not  entirely  obviated  by  that 
means. 

So  efficient  is  water  so  used,  that  two  or 
three  men  can  enter  a  diving  bell  and  work 
under  water  for  an  entire  day,  without  any 
communication  whatever  with  the  surface 
atmosphere — the  gases  produced  by  res- 
piration being  absorbed  by  the  momentary 
use  of  a  water  spray  once  in  fifteen  or 
twenty  minutes,  and  the  additional  oxygen 
needed  being  supplied  from  the  same 
source.  Elaborate  experiments  are  also^on 
record  which  otherwise  show  an  enormous 
absorption  of  gases. 

We  have  no  doubt  but  that  the  use  of 
the  spray  would  also  be  found  of  great  ad- 
vantage in  the  case  of  common  blasting 
powder.  Experiments  show  that  while  a 
unit  of  water  in  the  form  of  spray  will  ab- 
sorb only  1.57  of  carbonic  acid — the  gas 
mainly  generated  by  respiration,  as  in 
the  case  of  the  diving  bell— the  same 
unit  will  absorb  3.14  parts  of  sulphuretted 
hydrogen — the  gas  chiefly,  deleterious  in 
the  use  of  common  blaok  powder. 

We  are  authorized  to  state  that  the  in- 
ventor will  allow  any  party  to  experiment 
with  the  use  of  the  spray  for  the  above 
purpose  who  will  report  the  results  of 
said  experiments  to  this  office.  The  cost 
and  trouble  of  such  an  experiment  is  noth- 
ing, as  the  water  can  be  introduced  into 
the  mine  through  a  common  hose;  the 
head  need  not  be  more  than  twenty  or 
thirty  feet.  Experiments  in  the  labora- 
tory and  practical  trials  in  the  diving  bell 
show  that  the  finer  the  spray  the  more  ef- 
fective the  result. 


The  English  Copper  Supply. — Within 
the  last  ten  years  something  like  half  the 
Cornish  copper  mines  have  been  aban- 
doned, and  operations  in  many  others 
greatly  ourtailed.  The  home  yield  of  min- 
eral during  that  time  has  been  reduced 
from  an  annual  yield  of  140,000  tons  to 
70,000.  While  we  are  meeting  this  largo 
falling  off  in  British  yield,  the  importa- 
tions of  ores  from  abroad,  has,  at  least 
during  the  latter  portion  of  this  time  also 
been  materially  lessened.  The  receipts 
from  abroad  for  the  first  ten  months  of 
1871,  of  all  classes  of  tore  and  regulus,  was 
but  86,696  tons  against  108,123  tons  during 
corresponding  periods  of  1870 — no  small 
deficiency  in  the  face  of  a  sudden  demand 
and  a  rising  market.  Notwithstanding 
this  diminished  yield  and  importation,  the 
foreign  customers  of  England,  called  for 
about  the  same  amount  in  1871  as  in  1870. 
The  demand  for  1870  was  32,550  tons 
against  32,348  tons  for  1871— a  failing  off 
of  nearly  202  tons. 

The  latest  Liverpool  quotations  of  cop- 
per, according  to  Lewis  and  Sons  circular 
for  February,  is  from  £85  10s.  @  £87  10s. 
per  ton,  according  to  brand.  Ore  and  reg- 
ulus is  quoted  at  17s.  @   17s.  3d.  per  unit. 

Testing  Coin. — Prof.  Davidson  of  the 
Coast  Survey,  has  been  appointed  one  of 
the  commissioners  for  testing  the  coin  at 
the  U.  S.  Mint,  and  its  branches,  for  the 
purpose  of  securing  a  proper  uniformity 
in  the  coins  with  their  respective  stand- 
ards and  weights,  as  provided  by  act  of 
Congress. 

Gold. — Important  gold  discoveries  are 
reported  to  have  been  made  in  Coarse  Gold 
Gulch,  in  Fresno  County.  The  mines 
were  thought  to  to  have  been  worked  out 
some  time  since  but  now  promise  to  be- 
come valuable  once  more. 


March  2,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


137 


Giant  Powder  In  Grass  Valley. 

The  Gross'Yulley  Union  flings  some  bad 
words  at  us  for  a  paragraph  which  ap- 
peared in  a  communication  in  the 
of  Feb.  21th,  with  regard  to  the  present 
unhappy  controversy  now  going  on  in  that 
town  in  reference  to  the  use  of  Giant 
powder  in  the  mines.  When  the  article 
was  penned  and  passed  the  supervision  of 
the  editor  of  this  paper,  tho  faots  set  forth 
therein  wore  strictly  true,  taking  the 
Union')  own  version  of  the-matter  at  tho 
time.  Unfortunately,  however,  tho  article 
after  being  put  in  typo  and  proved,  was 
crowded  out  of  the  issue  for  which  it  was 
prepared,  and  found  its  way  into  the  next 
number  without  our  notice,  after  the 
condition  of  the  controversy  had  materi- 
ally changed,  by  tho  murderous  attacks 
alluded  to  by  the  Union.  Our  record  will 
show  that,  while  we  are  ever  ready  to  ad- 
vocate tho  roal  intorests  of  the  miner,  we 
have  never  sustained  them  in  any  unlaw- 
ful acts.  Indeed,  in  tho  very  article 
quoted  by  the  Union,  the  following  para- 
graph occurs:  "  They  [the  miners]  may 
depend  upon  our  hearty  support  so  long 
as  they  only  resort  to  lawful  means  to  abate 
what  they  claim  is  a  serious  injury  to  their 
interests." 

The  Union  also  intimates  that  the  objec- 
tionable paragraph  was  called  out  through 
the  influence  of  unworthy  notices  con- 
nected with  the  sale  of  Dr.  Blatchley's 
patent  for  allaying  the  fumos  of  Giant  pow- 
der by  means  of  a  water  jet.  In  making 
the  allusion  to  that  patent,  we  were  only 
following  our  usual  very  proper  policy  of 
calling  special  attention  to  what  we  con- 
sider meritorious  in  our  advertising  col- 
umns, and  in  furtherance  of  this  idea  our 
readers  will  find  some  additional  remarks 
upon  the  subject  this  week,  to  which  we 
would  call  their  especial  attention. 

The  Tubular  Ikon  "Wheelbarrow. — 
This  is  one  of  those  simple  yet  excellent 
inventions,  that  whilst  it  seems  strange 
that  it  was  never  thought  of  before,  pos- 
sesses a  merit  that  ought  to  stimulate  our 
inveutors  to  the  application  of  the  princi- 
ple involved,  to  other  purposes  than  wheel- 
barrow making.  Wherever  a  light  and 
yet  strong  implement  is  desired,  one  which 
will  stand  all  the  vicissitudes  of  our  cli- 
mate, with  its  extreme  moisture  and  aridi- 
ty, and  it  can  be  formed  of  tubular  iron 
instead  of  wood,  which  latter,  is  forever 
swelling  and  shrinking  until  it  falls  in 
pieces,  it  should  be  so  constructed.  The 
frames  of  harrows  and  cultivators,  of 
horse-rakes  and  parts  of  harvesters  and 
even  the  frames  of  wagons  might  be  made 
of  tubular  iron  that  would  last  a  man's  life- 
time. Inventors,  try  your  genius  on 
tubular  iron,  patent  its  application  to  the 
implement  to  which  you  discover  its 
adaptability,  and  make  your  fortunes. 

New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Bowers  M.  Co. — Feb.  20.  Location:  Gold 
Hill  District,  Silver  county,  Nevada.  Capital, 
$500,000;  in $5,000  shares.  Trustees— Richard 
Ivers,  C.  Jones,  L.  B.  Frankel,  Chauucy  B. 
Land  and  A  Fleeshbacher. 

Louise  M.  Co. — Feb.  26.  Location:  Pioche 
District,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$1,200,000,  in  12,000  shares.  Trustees— A 
Kohler,  S.  A.  Raymond,  S.  A.  Coburn,  Watson 
Webb  and  A.  K.  Chase. 

Juanita  Consolidated  S.  M.  Co. — Feb.  26. 
Location:  Esmeralda  county,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  85,000,000,  divided  into  50,000  shares. 
Trustees — Win.  Sharon,  A.  K.  P.  Harmon,  J. 
D.  Fry,  J.  H.  Robinson,  A.  L.  Greeley. 

Silver  Hill  M.  Co. — Feb.  27.  Location: 
Gold  Hill  District,  Storey  county,  Nevada. 
Capital  Stock,  $5,400,000,' in  54,000  shares. 
Trustees — A.  K.  P.  Harmon,  James  C.  Flood, 
Chauncy  B.  Laud,  Joseph  Holland  and  W.  S. 
Hobart. 

Woodland  G.  M.  Co. — Feb.  28.  Location: 
Calaveras  county,  California.  Trustees — Wm. 
J.  Gunn,  Charles  F.  Brown,  William  Stuart, 
George  Bower  and  John  H.  Wood.  Capital 
stock,  SI, 000,000,  in  10,000  shares. 


Col.  L.  M.  Black,  of  Montana. 

Wo  give,  herewith,  a  portrait  of  Col. 
Leander  M.  Black,  of  Montana,  engraved 
at  this  office  from  a  photograph  furnished 
by  one  of  the  Colonel's  friends  at  Bozeman, 
his  placo  of  residence.  Col.  B.  is  emphat- 
ically called  a  self  made  man.  He  left  his 
nutivo State  (KontuokyJinlbu'J,  withallhis 
worldly  effects  iu  a  satchel,  and  started  for 
tho  "  1'ar  West,"  bringing  up  in  Colorado, 
where,  by  tho  spring  of  I860  ho  had  accu- 
mulated a  fortune  of  $250,000,  and  reached 
a  seat  in  the  upper  branch  of  the  Territo- 
rial Legislature.  About  this  time  he  left 
Colorado  for  Montana,  which  he  has 
adopted  as  his  permanent  home,  and 
whore  he  has  added  largely  to  his  posses- 
sions; but  what  is  of  far  more  importance, 
he  has  also  been  so  fortunate  and  honor- 
able in  his  dealings  with  his  neighbors, 
and  his  publio  and  private  life  has  been  so 
uniformly  faultless  that  ho  has  secured  the 
friendship  and  attachment  with  all  whom 
he  has  come  in  contact. 

No  man  in  the  Territory  has  manifested 
more  energy  and  publio  spirit  in  advanc- 
ing the  general  interest  of  that  region  than 
has  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  At  a  criti- 
cal junction  in  the  history  of  the  Territory, 


"West  Point,"  by  "  Crooks,"  will  ap- 
pear next  week. 


COL.  L.  M.  BLACK. 

and  when  large  numbers  of  hostile  Indi- 
ans were  threatening  its  destruction,  and 
when  in  response  to  a  call  for  troops,  men 
were  found  in  abundance,  but  no  means 
for  feeding  them,  Col.  Black  came  forward 
promptly,  sayiDg,  "  I  will  feed  all  who 
will  fight."  He  was  as  good  as  his  word, 
and  long  trains  of  provisions  were  soon 
rolling  along  the  road  toward  the  Yellow 
Stone,  to  feed  the  volunteer  protectors  of 
Montana.  In  this  prompt  act  of  patriot 
ism  the  Colonel  expended  about  $150,000, 
not  a  dollar  of  which  has  yet  been  re 
turned  to  him  by  the  Government,  whose 
duty  it  was  to  protect  the  citizens  of  the 
Territory  at  the  national  expense. 

We  have  now  in  the  hands  of  the  en- 
graver, a  large  and  spirited  representation 
of  the  city  of  Bozeman,  Col.  Black's  place 
of  residence,  which  will  soon  appear  in  our 
columns,  with  appropriate  reference  to  its 
history,  etc. 

Quicksilver. — The  following  table  shows 
the  amount  of  quicksilver  produced  in  the 
last  three  years: 

18G9.  1870.  1871. 

Flasks.  Flasks.  Flasks. 

New  Almadon  mine 17,000  14,000  18,763 

Now  Idrla  mine 10,450  10,000  9,227 

Redington  mine .5,000  4,546  2,128 

And  Bundry  other  mines. ..1,100  1,000  1,763 

Totals 33,000         29,546  31,881 

Grain. — The  Alta's  commercial  correspon- 
dent writing  from  New  York,  says  the  harvests 
of  southern  Russia  which  are  coming  in,  show 
such  unusual  deficits,  that  there  will  be  but  lit- 
tie  grain  for  export  from  what  has  been  one  of 
the  chief  supply  districts  of  Europe.  Nearly 
the  whole  crop  will  be  needed  for  home  con- 
sumption.  

Mr.  Geo.  B.  Ellery,  now  on  his  way 
to  London  will  act  as  subscription  and  ad- 
vertising agent  for  the  Scientific  Press 
and  Rural  Press  while  in  that  city.  His 
address  will  be,  5,  Lothbury,  London, 
E.  C.  Eng. 


A  New  Arctic  Expedition. 

Mr.  Octave  Pavy,  a  Frenchman,  who 
recently  arrived  here,  has  inaugurated 
an  expedition  with  a  view  of  reaching  the 
North  Pole  by  way  of  Behring's  Straits.  He 
will  leave  San  Francisco  in  May  in  a  char- 
tered vessel  for  Petropaulvoski,  where  he 
proposes  to  procure  reindeer,  dogs, 
sledges,  etc.,  necessary  for  his  land  jour- 
ney. He  will  then  proceed  through  Behr- 
ing's Straits  to  Cape  Yakan,  on  tho  north- 
east coast  of  Siberia,  where  the  expedition 
will  leave  the  vessels  and  proceed  on  its 
own  account.  Complete  outfits  have  been 
provided,  and  among  them  a  somewhat 
novel  raft  constructed  of  rubber  after 
the  style  of  the  Nonpareil,  which  crossed  the 
Atlantic  in  43  days.  The  raft  is  made  of 
four  cigar-shaped  cylinders,  fastened  in  the 
deoks  by  wooden  slats  to  which  the  masts, 
rigging,  etc  are  attached.  Tho  whole 
thing,  which  is  sloop-rigged,  is  so  ar- 
ranged that  it  can  be  packed  in  a  barrel, 
while,  when  ready  for  service  it  has  a 
capacity  of  carrying  10,000  pounds  of 
freight,  besides  the  crew.  When  it  is 
necessary  Mr.  Pavy  will  cross  the  land  on 
sledges,  carrying  the  boat  with  him.  He 
is  very  sanguine  of  success  and  has  given 
the  subject  thorough  study.  He  con- 
cludes that  while  so  many  have  attempted 
the  passage  by  the  other  route  to  an  open 
Polar  Sea,  the  existence  of  which  was  con- 
clusively settled  by  Dr.  Kane  in  1861,  it 
remains  for  him  to  prove  that  it  can  only 
be  approached  by  way  of  Behring's 
Straits. 

Mr.  Pavy  proposes  to  make  observations 
on  the  direction  of  the  currents  and  their 
temperature,  tides,  Aurora  Borealis,  vari- 
ations of  the  compass,  and  scientific  mat- 
ters generally.  He  is  endorsed  by  the 
Geographical  Society  of  Paris,  the  Ameri- 
can Geographical  Society  of  New  York,  and 
kindred  societies  elsewhere.  The  whole 
party  is  to  consist  of  only  six  men.  The 
usual  anti-scorbutio  provisions  have  been 
supplied  and  the  expedition  will  be  well 
fitted  out  generally.  We  wish  the  enter- 
prise all  success,  and  hope  that  no  serious 
impediments  will  obstruct  their  progress 
to  the  much-talked-of  open  Polar  Sea. 


In  Memorial!!. 


Died.— In  Westfield,  Mass.,  Feb.  19th,  1872, 
Maria  K.  Weller,  aged  72  years,  widow  of 
Roland  Dewey  and  mother  of  E.  M.  and  A.  T. 
Dewey,  of  this  State. 

Our  mother  has  departed!  Her  journey  of 
seventy-two  years,  through  the  rugged  way  we 
all  are  hastening,  has  ended.  Strong,  resolute 
and  dutiful,  her  Ufe  here — the  building  of  her 
life  hereafter — was  one  of  continued  labor. 
Her  sweets  here  have  been  the  recurring  har- 
vests of  her  honest  toils  and  humble  teachings. 
Blessed  ever  be  her  memory.  Separation  may 
loosen  and  time  lessen  the  attachment  of  friend, 
brother  and  sister;  but  age  and  distance  fail 
to  lessen  the  fondness  and  faithfulness  of  a  true 
mother — the  ever-loving  and  watchful  heart, 
whose  loss  we  cannot  restore  from  out  the 
world's  vast  field  of  friendship.  Passing  away 
through  jmin  that  none  of  less  courage  could 
have  so  patiently  endured,  we  are  consoled  with 
thoughts,  now,  that  surely  "there  is  rest  for 
the  weary  in  the  sweet  fields  of  Eden."       d. 


Elevator. — Bradley  &  Rulofson,  the  enter- 
prising photographers,  No.  424  Montgomery 
street,  have  added  to  their  other  improvements 
a  patent  hydraulic  elevator,  by  means  of  which 
ladies  and  gentlemen  are  carried  to  the  top  of 
the  building  without  any  muscular  exertion. 
They  had  a  reception  on  the  24th  inst.,  and 
many  availed  themselves  of  the  occasion  to 
take  a  ride. 

Improved  Bakers. — Weister  &  Co.,  No.  17 
New  Montgomery  St.,  can  furnish  a  new  method 
of  constructing  furnaces  for  large  bakeries 
worth  examining  into  by  those  about  building 
or  remodeling.  It  is  under  Baker's  patent, 
Dec.  5,  1871; 

The  Orizaba  brought  up  968  bars  of  bull- 
ion from  Cerro  Gordo  District,  valued  at 
$25,000. 


The  Sacramento  Basin. 

From  the  dome  of  the  Capitol  at  Sacramento 
the  expanse  of  water  visible  around,  has  more 
the  appearanco  of  a  vast  basin  filled  to  the 
brim,  than  a  fertile  agricultural  valley.  It  will 
be  well  for  those  who  think  it  an  easy  matter  to 
suggest  a  perfectly  feasible  plan  for  the  reclama- 
tion of  these  low,  valley  lands,  by  a  system  of 
levees  along  the  banks  of  the  Sacramento  river 
exclusively,  and  shutting  off  iu  many  instances 
by  dams  the  auxiliary  druinage  offered  by  the 
numerous  sloughs  that  traverse  the  tule  lands 
back  from  the  river  proper,  to  carefully  examine 
and  make  a  note  of  the  enormous  quantity  of 
water  to  be  displaced  by  drainage,  before  a  large 
part  of  these  lauds  can  be  made  dry  enough 
the  coming  summer  for  successful  culture. 

Make  a  note  also  of  the  probable  bight  of 
levee  that  would  be  required  at  this  time,  were 
all  the  water  that  now  covers  the  valley,  heaped 
up  from  both  sides  and  deposited  upon  a  base 
only  as  wide  as  the  river  bed.  It  is  a  mistake 
to  suppose  that  any  levee  built  at  reasonable 
cost,  can  be  made,  that  will  hold  all  this  great 
body  of  water  set  up  as  it  were  on  edge.  In 
every  other  country  in  the  world  where  levees 
are  built  to  confine  large  rivers  from  overflow, 
they  are  back  from  the  banks  at  distances  from 
one  fourth  to  half  a  mile  on  either  side.  And 
where  the  country  is  lower  at  a  distance  from 
the  river,  than  directly  on  its  banks,  wide  arti- 
ficial water  courses  with  heavy  embankments 
are  constructed  through  the  lowest  of  the 
grounds  to  serve  as  helpers  to  drainage  during 
seasons  of  excessive  overflow. 

If  such  partly  natural  and  partly  artificial 
rivers  are  required  in  Italy  to  convey  the  waters 
of  the  Alps  to  the  river  Po,  and  they  certainly 
are,  may  not  the  same  principle  be  applied  with 
equal  benefit  to  the  great  Sacramento  Basin 
and  its  surplus  waters. 

Mining  Accidents. 

A  miner  named  Peter  Sevie,  working  in 
the  Yellow  Jacket  mine  fell  40  feet  down 
an  ore  chute,  on  the  13th  inst.,  and  was 
very  muoh  bruised. 

J.  K.  Williams  while  working  on  a  lad- 
der in  the  Idaho  mine  last  week,  fell  a  dis- 
tance of  12  feot  and  received  severe  in- 
juries. 

A  miner  by  the  name  of  Bowe  working 
on  the  Kent  County  lode  in  Montana,  fell 
40  feet,  on  the  30th  ult. ,  breaking  two  ribs 
and  otherwise  injuring  him. 

Theodore  Oreilli  while  running  in  his 
claim  near  Clipper  Hill,  El  Dorado  Co., 
last  week  was  caved  upon  and  killed. 

Geo.  Robinson  was  badly  bruised  in 
Hardy's  claims  last  week  by  some  boulders 
falling  on  him. 

The  same  paper  informs  us  that  Hector 
McKay  was  killed  in  the  Bedding  claim  at 
Whisky  Diggings.  He  was  running  a  load 
of  dirt  down  a  grade  of  the  tunnel  when 
the  car  jumped  the  track,  knocked  out  the 
timbering  and  let  a  cave  down  upon  him. 
He  was  21  years  of  age. 

Sales. — The  Georgetown  Miner,  says 
that  the  Snowdrift  miue  has  been  sold  to 
a  company  of  English  capitalists  ;  figures 
not  given. 

From  the  Helena  Gazette  we  learn  that 
M.  H.  Byan  of  Beartown,  M.  T.,  has  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  mining  ground 
of  B.  and  N.  Kennedy  for  the  sum  of  $10,- 
000. 


The  Isthmus  of  Suez  has  been  doubled 
in  width  within  the  period  of  authentic  his- 
tory. When  Herodotus  wrote,  Heropolis 
stood  upon  the  shore  of  the  Bed  Sea.  The 
site  of  that  city  is  now  about  equidistant 
from  that  sea  and  the  Mediterranean. 
This  increase  in  the  breadth  of  the  isth- 
mus is  due  to  the  sand  which  is  constantly 
being  thrown  up  by  the  waves  of  the 
Bed  Sea. 


A  Disclaimer. — We  have  been  assured 
it  was  not  the  intention  of  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Boiler  Works  to  convey  the  impres- 
sion that  the  first  steel  boilers  on  this  coast 
were  made  there,  but  by  the  men  who  are 
at  this  time  employed  in  that  establish- 
ment. 


138 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  2,  1872. 


OMESTIC    ECONOMY. 


A  German  Kitchen. 

A  German  kitchen  generally  has  but  one 
■window,  and  notwithstanding  their  pro- 
verbial neatness,  in  many  things,  the  floor 
of  the  kitchen  is  generally  as  black  as  oil 
and  coal  can  make  it.  This  apartment, 
says  a  writer,  in  an  exchange,  is  under  the 
general  supervision  of  the  lady  of  the 
house,  with  various  subordinates  in  rank 
and  office.  It  is  the  seat  of  active  opera- 
tions from  morning  till  night,  as  it  is  the 
custom  here  to  eat  five  times  a  day. 

As  I  passed  the  kitchen  door  thi?  morn- 
ing, I  took  a  hasty  inventory  of  stock  on 
hand.  On  the  stove  I  found  a  whole  colony 
of  coffee-pots.  They  were  of  various  sizes 
and  hues,  each  bearing  evident  traces  of 
faithful  service.  Veterans  they  must  have 
been,  for  they  were  variously  maimed  and 
mutilated,  some  destitute  of  a  handle, 
others  deprived  of  a  nose,  yet  none  of  them 
faint-hearted  or  discouraged.  I  regret  that 
I  cannot  give  the  exact  number  of  the  stal- 
wart group,  but  when  I  had  counted  nine, 
my  attention  was  called  off  to  a  more  in- 
teresting group  of  beer-bottles  quietly  re- 
posing in  a  basket  near  by.  The  stove 
boasts  of  one  griddle,  and  a  most  servicea- 
ble piece  of  kitchen-furniture  it  is,  too. 
Its  services  are  called  into  requisition 
through  the  whole  range  of  cooking,  from 
beefsfcake  to  dessert. 

The  first  active  scene  of  the  day  begins 
in  the  kitchen  sometime  in  the  morning, 
when  a  brisk  broiling,  frying,  and  steeping 
goes  on.  A  German  breakfast  consists  of 
coffee  and  bread.  This  is  served  with  such 
delightful  indefiniteness,  that  one  scarcely 
knows  whether  he  has  taken  breakfast  or 
not.  It  has  no  stated  time  for  beginning  or 
ending,  but  begins  any  time,  when  any 
one  feels  inclined  to  commence  it,  and  ends 
when  there  is  no  one  to  continue  it.  Never 
a  dinner  without  soup  and  beer.  A  soup 
is  a  most  extraordinary  compound.  There- 
in may  be  found  anything  in  the  line  of 
vegetables  which  is  indigenous  to  the  soil, 
herbs  of  various  qualities  and  flavors,  the 
whole  catalogue  of  spices,  and  other  things 
"  too  numerous  to  mention."  The  eating 
of  soup  gives  rise  to  a  variety  of  pleasant 
emotions,  aside  from  those  produced  upon 
the  gustatory  nerves.  It  produces  a  state 
of  expectantcy,  and  one  would  be  thor 
oughly  disappointed  if  something  did  not 
' '  turn  up." 

Cook  your  raisins  before  placing  them 
in  pies,  cakes  or  puddings.  Soaking  them 
is  not  sufficient.  Steaming  them  by  pour- 
ing a  small  quantity  of  boiling  water 
amongst  them  in  a  tightly  closing  dish,  and 
allowing  them  plenty  of  time  to  cook  be- 
fore opening,  is  a  good  plan.  When 
raisins  are  rightly  cooked  before  using 
they  appear  plumper,  and  more  palatable, 
and  enough  more  healthful  to  be  eaten 
without  injury  by  most  dyspeptics. 

A  Good  Soup. — Take  a  fresh  meat  bone 
of  any  kind  and  boil  until  the  meat  will 
readily  fall  to  pieces,  add  pepper  and  salt 
for  seasoning,  potatoes  peeled  and  cut,  and 
a  very  little  thickening,  or  if  preferred 
put  half  a  teacupful  of  rice  in  with  your 
meat  when  first  put  on.  Bread  may  be 
added  when  taken  up,  or  have  some  biscuit 
rolled  thin  to  lay  around  on  the  top  when 
the  potato  is  put  in.  Salt  meat  soup  may 
be  made  in  the  same  way  by  freshening 
the  meat  so  that  it  will  not  make  the  soup 
too  salt. 


To  Make  Bean  Porridge. — Put  one 
pint  of  beans  to  soak  over  night;  the  next 
morning  put  them  to  boil  in  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  water  for  the  porridge,  with  a 
corned  beef  bone  to  season  the  same;  have 
one  pint  of  corn  hulled  the  day  before,  and 
add  about  two  hours  before  the  meat  is 
done.  When  the  meat  is  done  tender 
take  it  out,  make  a  little  thickening  for 
the  porridge  with  Indian  meal  and  a  very 
little  flour.  Milk  and  pepper  may  be 
added  when  eaten,  according  to  the   taste. 


Spittoons. — Some  housekeepers  refuse 
outright  to  have  spittoons  in  their  houses. 
Their  severity  in  the  matter  is  entirely 
pardonable,  as  the  sight  of  them  is  never 
au  agreeable  one,  no  matter  how  fine  the 
cuspidore  maybe.  One  of  the  best  devices 
in  use  is  the  encased  spittoon,  resembling 
a  small  ottoman  or  foot-rest.  A  spring 
near  the  bottom  is  pressed  by  the  foot, 
which  raises  the  cover  and  the  withdrawal 
of  it  allows  it  to  fall  again.  Spittoons  in 
use  require  daily  cleaning. 


East  Indian  Method  of  Cleaning  Silver 
Ware. 

It  is  the  practice  of  East  Indian  jewelers 
never  to  touch  silver  and  gold  with  any 
abrasive  substance.  The  most  delicate 
filigree  work  and  wire  constructions  of  sil- 
ver are  rendered  snowy  white  by  the  very 
simple  manipulation  here  communicated: 
Silver  is  most  susceptible  of  spotting  and 
discoloration  by  sea  air,  the  human  perspi- 
ration, the  presence  of  sulphuretted  hydro- 
gen (as  seen  in  an  egg-spoon  left  unclean- 
ed),  the  excreta  of  cockroaches  and  other 
strong-smelling  insects,  and  lastly,  by  the 
contact  of  mice;  the  latter  cause  has  irre- 
trievably injured  some  new  plated  ware, 
never  used,  but  left  on  a  side  board  acces- 
sible to  these  little  vermin.  Cut  some 
juicy  lemon  in  slices;  with  these  rub  any 
large  silver  or  plated  article  briskly,  and 
leave  it  hidden  by  the  slices  in  a  pan  for  a 
few  hours.  For  delicate  jewelry  the  Indians 
cut  a  large  lime  nearly  in  half,  and  insert 
the  ornament;  they  then  close  up  the  halves 
tightly,  and  put  it  away  for  a  few  hours. 
The  articles  are  then  to  be  removed,  rinsed 
in  two  or  three  waters,  and  consigned  to  a 
saucepan  of  nearly  boiling  soapsuds,  well 
stirred  about,  taken  out,  again  brushed, 
rinsed  and  finally  dried  on  a  metal  plate 
over  hot  water,  finishing  the  process  by  a 
little  rub  of  wash-leather  (if  smooth  work). 
Por  very  old,  neglected,  or  corroded  silver, 
I  dip  the  article  with  a  slow  stirring  mo- 
tion in  a  rather  weak  solution  of  cyanide 
potass.;  but  this  process  requires  care  and 
practice,  as  it  is  by  dissolving  off  the  dirty 
silver  you  obtain  the  effect.  Green  tama- 
rind pods  (oxalate  of  potash)  are  greater 
detergents  of  gold  and  silver  articles  than 
lemons,  and  are  much  more  employed  by 
the  artizan  for  removal  of  oxides  and  fire- 
marks. —  Watchmaker  and  Jeweler, 


Housekeeping  in  Germany  constitutes  a 
special  department  of  industry,  and  is 
called,  "  Haushalterung."  Of  course  this 
industry  is  monopolised  by  the  woman, 
and  constitutes  her  chief  glory  in  this  land 
of  poets  and  scholars.  No  young  lady  is 
ragarded  as  having  a  finished  education, 
unless  she  has  spent  at  least  one  year  in 
the  house  of  some  good  family,  learning 
Haushalterung. 


Soap. — A  young  lady,  who  makes  all  the 
family  soap,  gives  the  following  recipe  for 
a  good,  cheap  article:  Add  to  10  quarts  of 
water,  6  pounds  of  quicklime  and  6  pounds 
common  washing  soda.  Put  all  together, 
boil  half  an  hour,  and  let  it  stand  all  night 
to  clear.  Draw  off  the  lye,  and  add  to  it  1 
pound  common  resin,  and  7  pounds  of  fat. 
Boil  this  for  half  an  hour,  then  let  it  stand 
till  cool,  and  cut  into  bars. 

A  preparation  of  one  part  calomel,  five 
parts  wheat  flour,  one  part  sugar,  one- 
tenth  part  ultra-marine,  mixed  together 
in  fine  powder  and  placed  in  adish,  is  said 
to  be  a  most  efficient  poison  for  mice. 


Domestic  Receipts. 

Honey  Fruit  Cake. — Take  four  eggs, 
and  well  beat.  Sieve  in  five  cups  of  flour. 
Add  two  cups  of  honey,  one  of  sweet  milk, 
two  teaspoons  cream  of  tatar,  one  of  soda, 
one  pound  of  raisins  and  currants,  one 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  citron,  one  teaspoon 
each  of  cloves  and  cinnamon.  Bake  in 
large  loaves  and  slow  oven.  This  keeps 
fresh  for  months. 

Chocolate  Cake. — Take  one  cup  sugar, 
one-half  cup  of  butter,  one-half  cup  milk, 
two  eggs,  one  teaspoon  saleratus,  and  two 
cups  flour.  Grate  half  a  cake  of  the  un- 
sweetened chocolate  (Baker's)  and  mix 
with  one-half  cup  milk  and  the  yolk  of 
one  egg.  Sweeten  to  taste,  and  add  a  tea- 
spoon of  some  flavoring  extract — vanilla 
is  nice.  Boil  this  dissolved  chocolate  till 
soft,  and  then  add  with  it  the  other  ingre- 
dients, and  bake  three-quarters  of  an  hour. 

To  Prevent. Mucilage  Moulding. — C. 
C.  writes  the  Rural  New  Yorker,  that  he 
makes  it  by  using  one  part  of  alcohol  and 
three  parts  of  water  to  dissolve  gum  ara- 
abic ;  and  he  keeps  a  bottle  of  one  part 
alcohol  and  two  parts  of  water  with  which 
to  thin  it  when  it  becomes  too_thick.  It 
never  molds. 

Icing  Pastry.  —  When  nearly  baked 
enough,  take  the  pastry  out  of  the  oven, 
and  sift  fine  powdered  sugar  over  it.  Be- 
place  in  the  oven,  and  hold  over  it  till  the 
sugar  is  melted,  a  hot  iron  shovel.  The 
above  method  is  preferred  for  pastry  to  be 
eaten  hot;  for  cold,  beat  up  the  whites  of 
two  eggs  well,  wash  over  the  top  of  the 
pies  with  a  brush,  and  sift  over  this  a  good 
coating  of  sugar ;  cause  it  to  adhere  to  the 
egg  and  pie-crust  ;  trundle  over  it  a  clean 
brush  dipped  in  water,  till  the  sugar  is  all 
moistened.  Bake  again  for  about  ten 
minutes. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   S14    CALIPOKMA    STREET. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPOKTIPfG, 

MINING, 

AJO.&.    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  superior  quality,  fresh  from  the 

MILLS.    It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  -within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 
"We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold   Medals 

Ry  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   ior   the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
Wo  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  comhines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  ulasti n 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE.  Secretary. 


THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  TAPOR  STOVE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Chim- 
neys, and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

WILLIAM    FRJJEL,    Manufacturer, 

No.  69  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Patent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.    Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.    County  Eights  for  sale. 

10v23-Gm 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 

"  - --        |iil«'v    ,, ijjjiiij   •;: 


One  of  these  LampB,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  ICO  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  Eve  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 
7v24-lm  Plarcerville,  Cal. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

—FOR— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

118  Front  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 

12v83-3m  J.  "W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPOBTEBS    OF    AND    DEA1EBS    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  W  514  Washington  sti-eet,  SAN  FKANOISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  tho  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 
Assay  Balances— L.  Oertlings,  London. 
Assay  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 
Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 
Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 
Assay  "Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 
Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 
Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 
Iron  Furnaces — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 

Cupelling  and  Melting. 
Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,   Scorifi- 

ers,  Roasting  DisheB,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 

Assay  Crucibles,  Hessiian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 
Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers — 

all  sizes. 
Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  ABsayers'  Hard- 

ware-a  lull  assortment. 
Steel  Stamps  for  bars  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 
Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 

cally  pure. 
Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 
Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  aud  granulated. 
Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 

Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 
and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 

8£?~  Oar  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 
per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 
Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled* 

FFor  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows  ■. 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  it  isth»-own  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  aB  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 

G-OLD-SAVING- 

Silver-PIated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOR    MINERS    AND    MILL    MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Plating-  "Works,  655  Dlission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 

Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  Q.  DENNISTON,  Proprietor. 
24v22-3m 


H    &    L    AXLE    GREASE. 


The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  years,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  tho 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team. 

Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A    KATE 
As  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBERT 
Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the  H  & 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  L 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v24-eowr 


w.  H.  GQiuiLLL,  Pres't. 


c.  h.  GORiiiLL,  Sec'y. 


Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  Wooden   and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  specifications  furnished  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  sent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  stone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

Address  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

3v2-3m-eow  Oakland  Cal. 


March  2,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


139 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BROWNE, 
Oillc-o,  >'<».  'in  Muntgouiurylllock, 

Hjl»  Frascisco,  Cal. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
S  T  A  T  I  ST  I  C  I  A  IT. 

R«port.  ami  estimate,  made  about  all  d«-partm.nbi  ot 
Produotioo,  Commerce,  and  Manufacture,  of  the  Pacific 
Coaat.  5v-24-tf 


Spectacles   My   Specialty. 

C.  MULLER,  Optician, 
208  VoDtgon  ■--  Block. 


JOHN   R0A0H,  Optician, 

429   Monte-omery   Street. 

8.  W.  corner  Sacramento. 

^ur-'cyliK  Ifuiruiaiui.tA  (Hat'ic.  repaired  and  adjusted 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

SURGEON, 
No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


N.    P.    LANOLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLIa    SAWYER, 

No.  *85  Cranium  Street San  Francisco. 

And  No.  0  Q  St..  bet.  First  and  Second, 


'.'ivjl.tl 


BaGRaafamo. 


...   B.KTLING. 


BKKBT  KIMBALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Bulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

SOS  Clny  .trwt,  (southwest  cor.  Sansome), 
19vl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


SAN    FRANCISCO 

CORDAQ  E     C  OMPANY. 

UftnfJa  Hope  of  all  sizes.     Also,  Bnle  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

36  611  and  6  1 :.-;  Front  street. 


JOSEPH    GILLOTT'S 

STEEL     FEISTS. 
SoldbyaUDctilnrs  th  rr.imliuuttho  World. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

8  E  A  Xa      E  IV  G  R  A  "V  E  R , 
A  \  II  LETTEH  CUTTEK, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  008  Sacramento  street, 
8an  Francisco.    Order*  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
This  Favorite  House  is  located  on  Jackson  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery;  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.    The  International  Coach  will 
bo  at  each  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In- 
ternational Hotel,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Hotel 
fitKE,  and  to  nny  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates, 
F.  E.  WEYGANT  &.B.  C.  PARTRIDGE, 
24v22-3m  Proprietors. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

IMOMIF.R 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    »41     KEABNT    8TKEET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pino  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Selveb.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 

The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    «15    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

K.N.  VAN  BKUNT Cashier. 


BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  stTeet,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Pate  nt  Agraffe  Pianos, 

GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRISHT. 


Pianos  to  Let- 


A.    EEYHAIf, 


[I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


QILES  H.  GRAY. 


JAHSS    'I.    HAVER. 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

In  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.,  N.  E.  corner  Cali- 
fornia ano  Leldesdorfl  streets, 
SAK_FRAN0IC0. 


THE  HESSE  GRINDER  AND  AMALGAMATOR. 


This  macbiuo  is  the  most  complete  and  desirable  grinder  and  amalgamator  now  in  use. 
Owners  of  Quartz  Mills  and  Sulphuret  "Works  will  find  it  greatly  to  their  interests  to  use  this 
machine.  Tho  following  are  some  of  its  many  advantages,  viz:  The  comparatively  little  power 
required  to  run  it;  the  small  wear  of  metal  in  comparison  with  other  grinders;  the  large  amount 
of  work  that  may  be  accomplished  in  a  given  time,  being  about  three  times  the  amount  usually 
performed  in  ordinary  pans;  the  continuous  working  process,  whereby  the  labor  of  handling  the 
ore  is  avoided;  tho  peculiar  arrangements  and  action  of  the  currents  in  the  machine,  whereby  all 
the  particles  of  ore  are  brought  in  contact  with  amalgamating  surfaces,  and  are  discharged  as 
soon  as  ground  to  the  required  degree  of  fineness,  thus  saving  an  unnecessary  waste  of  power 
and  metal. 

IN  THE  REDUCTION  OF  SULPHURET  ORES, 

this  machine  is  especially  valuable,  the  particles  are  ground  exceedingly  fine  and  uniformly 
sized,  which  greatly  facilitates  the  concentration  of  the  sulphurets,  and  leaves  them  in  the  best 
condition  for  roasting.  The  Hesse  machines  are  successfully  working  in  several  important 
quartz  mills  and  sulphuret  works  in  this  State.  For  further  particulars  send  for  Circular,  or  ap- 
ply to 

LORD    «fc    PETERS, 
fell-tf  304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad    Co., 

OFFICE,  42  BKOADWAT,  NEW  YOKE. 

TO    CONTRACTORS,     MINERS,     ETC. 


By  this  Invention,  one  man,  with  one  horse  and  five 
cars,  doeathe  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horses  and  ten  carts. 

Highly  Approved  by  all  who  Use  Them. 

ARS     AND    TRACKS     FOR     SALE     OR     TO    LET 

Samples  at  the  office.    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Sale. 

23v22eow26t 


HOOVER'S 

New     and     Superior     Chromos. 

The  Changed  Cross,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Faithful  Crowned,  size  22  by  28. 

Virgin  Mary  and  St.  John,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Holy  Family,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Beautiful  Snow,  size  16  by  22. 

Delhi,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y.,  size  20  by  28. 

ALL    REAL    GEMS    OF    ART. 

Sold  by  Leading  Dealers  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  Wholesale  by  the  Pub- 
lishers. 

J.    HOOVER, 

804   market   Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
5v23-8m-eow 


RTJ8S   PATENT 

MONITOR    MOLDING     MACHINE, 

MADE  BY 

R.    BALL   &   00.,    "Worcester,   Mass., 

Manufacturers  of  the  lateBt  Improved  Wood-working 
Machinery  for  Planing  Mills,  Car  Shops,  Agricultural 
Implements,  Furniture,  Sash,  Blind,  and  Door  Facto- 
ries., etc.,  etc.  Send  for  Illustrated  Catalogue  and  Price 
List. 
RICHARD  BALL.  E.  P.  HALSTEAD. 

m4-eowly 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bridges,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Etc. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styleB  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli- 
cation to  our  address,  No.  110  Walnut  Street,  Phila- 
delphia, apg-ly 


DICKINSON'S 


Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Fiy.f        ffiy.  2  FUj.  3  Fig.  £ 


llU 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  Bend  Btamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  NasBau  St.,  N.  T. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 

MICROSCOPES. 

Illustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  illustrated,    sent    free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  6treet,  New  York 

3v23-ly 


CRAIG    &    BREVOORTS 

Patent     Condenser    for     Steam 

PUMPS,    &e. 


NO.    1. 

Tho  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  in- 
tended to  be  attached  to  the  ordinary  ettmm  pump, 
thereby  bringing  it  within  the  class  of  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  its  work  In  the  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  is  con- 
ducted to  the  condenser,  on  lti  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  tho  pump,  and  is  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  section  of  tho 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

The  flange  D  is  bolted  to  the  suction  orifice  of  tho 
pump,  and  the  flange  S  to  the  pipe  leading  to  tho  well, 
or  whatever  source  of  supply  the  pump  may  have;  W  is 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  the  Buction  pipe,  8,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  tho 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  the  pipe  P  alBO  acts  autom- 
atically  as  a  valvo  to  enlarge  or  contract  the  spuce 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  The  pipe  P,  it  will  bo  observed,  also  acts  as 
guide  to  float  F. 

The  valve,  C,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  Is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem — shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing  or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
the  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  1b  attached. 


NO.  2. 

The  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  Bide  of  the  Bteam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  time  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  its  placed  in  the  exLaust  pipe, 
into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  tho  steam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  iB  done  the 
pump  is  perfectly  free  from  tho  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


VICK'8 

FLORAL    GUIDE     FOR    1872. 

Over  One  Hundred  Pages, 

Printed  in  Two  Colors,  on  superb  Tinted  Paper.  Fous 
Hundred  Engravdsgs  of  Flowers,  Plants  and  Vegeta- 
bles, with  Descriptions,  and 

TWO    COLORED    PLATES. 

Directions  and  plans  for  making  Walks,  Lawns,  Gar- 
dens, etc.  The  handsomest  and  best  FLORAL  GUIDE 
in  the  World.  All  for  Ten  Cents,  to  those  who  think 
of  buying  Seeds.  Not  a  quarter  the  cost.  200,000  sold 
of  1871.    Address  JAMES  VICE, 

22v23  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheum,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist 
ance  of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  mos- 
efiective,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  60  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v23-3m 


SHEET    IROIV    PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  A8PHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  Bize  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

1&~  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintend     t 


140 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


[March  2,  1872. 


Wastage  of  the  Precious  Metals— No.  3. 


BY  AMI  AKIN  B.  PAUL. 

[Written  for  the  PaEss.] 

Montana. 

"The  trouble  seems  to  be  the  gold  is 
so  impalpably  fine  that  they  lose  a  very 
considerable  percentage  by  imperfect  ma- 
nipulations," says  one. 

"I  have  never  saved  more  than  $20  per 
ton  and  the  ore  assays  about  $50,"  says 
another. 

Extend  tests  as  far  as  you  may,  on  a 
smaller  or  larger  scale,  and  wastage  stares 
one  badly  in  the  face  at  every  turn. 

I  made  a  test  of  50  pounds  of  tailings  for 
a  party  who  took  them  a  mile  above  his  mill 
and  the  return  was  55  per  cent,  of  what 
was  his  average  working.  I  also  made  a 
test  of  three-fourths  of  a  ton,  and  the  result 
showed  the  loss  in  the  mill-working  to  be 
63  per  cent.  I  could  write  every  column 
of  your  paper  full,  corroborative  of 
the  fact  of  the  enormous  loss  in  the 
milling  of  our  gold  ores.  But  these  given 
should  be  as  convincing  as  more;  and  I 
hope  enough  so,  to  awaken  a  desire  for 
investigation  at  least.  From  what  attention 
I  have  given  the  subject  in  actual  labor,  as 
well  as  collecting  all  the  data  attainable 
from  others,  I  know  that  the  loss  as  a 
whole  is  fully  50  per  cent. ,  and,  in  the  ma- 
jority of  mills,  all  of  60  per  cent,  of  what 
the  ore  contains. 

I  can  now  ask:  Is  it  not  time  we  were 
beginning  to  consider  this  question  of  the 
wastage  of  the  precious  metals  ?  It  is 
this  that  produces  so  many  failures,  such 
utter  lost  of  capital.  Investments  are 
made  in  mining  on  assays  of  well  sampled 
ores  of  the  mines,  but  not  until  machinery 
is  running,  do  they  realize  the  fact  that 
only  a  small  percentage  of  the  metal  is 
saved,  and  a  failure  too  often  is  inevitable. 
Among  the  evils  of  mining  may  be  enu- 
merated, at  times,  too  much  science  and  too 
little  practice;  then  again  conceited  prac- 
tice and  no  science.  Science  is  essential, 
practice  equally  so;  strictly,  scientific 
mining  may  be  denominated,  science  doing 
nothing;  practical  mining,  science  doing 
something;  practical-scientific  mining — the 
grand  requisite — is  a  correct  conception  of 
cause  and  effect — the  scientific  analyzation 
of  difficulties  and  the  practically  overcom- 
ing them.  But  to  my  subject.  There 
are  a  number  of  institutions  in  California 
that  have  proved  grand  successes.  They 
have  been  exceedingly  fortunate,  but  their 
success  may  be  attributed  to  having  ores  of 
high  value,  not  to  gaining  a  high  percen- 
tage of  the  metal.  For  take  California 
mills,  and  the  first  class  are  all  on  a  par 
in  wastefulness,  while  the  poor  are  not  to 
be  considered  at  all.  My  tests  are  from 
the  best,  and  I  leave  the  reader  to  fancy 
what  the  poorer  ones  may  bo. 

California  in  twenty-one  years  has  pro- 
duced over  $800,000,000,  and  wasted 
$1,000,000,000  more  !  !  For  the  wastage  in 
"sluicing"  is  greater  than  that  in  quartz 
mining.  The  Sacramento  river  in  ages  to 
come,  and  when  it  shall  be  upheaved  as 
were  the  Sierra  Nevada,  will  gladden  the 
heart  of  some  straggling  miner  with  an  au- 
riferous stratum,  the  wealth  of  which  will 
throw  all  histories  of  Potosi's,  Comstock's, 
and  Del  Bey's  combined,  into  the  shade. 

To  remedy  the  evil,  more  care  must  be 
taken.  The  fact  is,  we  are  too  much  of 
a  rushing,  reckless  people;  we  have  not 
got  sobered  down  yet;  and  I  dont  know  as 
we  ever  will.  It's  rush,  rush,  and  make 
too  little  solid,  permanent,  profitable  head- 
way. We  have  oceans  of  wealth  surround- 
ing us,  and  ought  to  be  the  most  opulent, 
refined  and  wealthy  land  on  earth, — the 
load-stone  for  God's  creation.  But  how 
is  it,  and  why  is  it,  that  we  are  not  ? 

When  one  examines  into  the  mining  in- 
terests of  the  world  and  analyzes  gold, 
its  fineness  as  a  metal,  and  then  the  science 
which  has  maintained  the  general  system 
in  vogue  for  gold  more  especially,  and  see 
how  many,  many  years,  all  have  gone  along 
with  one  so  reckless  and  wasteful  he 
almost  blushes  for  the  science  and  mechan- 
ical skill  of  the  day,  for  a  greater  absurdi- 
ty cannot  exist  than  the  rough,  coarse  way 
of  dealing  with  so  delicate  and  valuable  a 
metal  as  gold ;  the  general  treatment  being 
not  to  catch  it  but  to  run  it  off.  It  seems 
to  me,  men  go  more  on  what  somebody 
else  has  done  than  their  own  analytical 
powers. 

From  data  of  loss,  given  in  my  last  arti- 
cle, we  must  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
gold  mining,  not  only  in  California,  but 
elsewhere  on  the  Pacific  slope,  as  all  are 
operating  on  about  the  same  system,  is  un- 
questionably behind  all  other  branches  of 
industry  in  perfectness,  and  certainly  not 
up  to  the  point  it  should  be.  In  fact,  so 
imperfect  is  it,  that  our  gold  mining  en- 
terprises, as  a  whole,  maybe  set  down  as 


a  failure,  when  the  question  of  profit  in  all 
is  considered.  If  it  can  be  considered 
highly  successful  in  this  general  sense, 
ought  we  not  now  to  be  teeming  with  pros- 
perity ? 

That  some  change  should  be  brought 
about,  must  be  evident  to  all.  What  that 
change  will  be  or  should  be,  each  must 
determine  for  himself.  In  order  to  better 
the  interest,  all  operators  should  give  their 
attention  to  increasing  the  percentage  of 
yield  without  a  corresponding  increase  of 
expenditure.  There  is  a  benefit,  however, 
in  producing  more,  even  with  an  equal  ex- 
penditure, as  it  gives  an  additional  amount 
of  metal  for  circulation,  and  requires  an 
equivalent  of  labor.  But  this  idea,  al- 
though correct,  is  an  unpopular  one;  it 
does  not  belong  to  the  selfish  spirit  of  the 
age,  for  without  a  profit  on  labor,  it  is  not 
wanted.  This  age  is  for  profit,  not  good, 
unless  the  "  good  "  makes  the  profit. 

One  step  in  advance  would  be, — taking 
more  care.  There  is  too  much  slashing 
about  in  our  gold  mining.  There  is  enough 
in  silver,  but  no  comparison  between  the 
working  of  the  two  metals.  This  plan  of 
seeing  how  much  can  be  pounded  up  and 
rushed  through  every  24  hours,  is  a  false, 
wasteful  and  ruinous  system. 

The  profit  will  be  found  in  how  well  and 
how  cheap  it  can  be  done.  It  is  in  the 
right  direction  certainly  to  reduce  ores  ex- 
peditiously and  cheaply,  but  not  to  as  ex- 
peditiously wash  everything  away,  having 
an  eye  more  to  pounding  up  the  rock,  than 
to  taking  up  the'  metal.  The  following 
slip,  clipped  from  the  Pbess,  to  my  mind, 
tells  quite  a  long  story  in  itself:  '  'Here  is 
a  40-stamp  mill,  that  pulverizes  its  250 
tons  weekly,  employing  40  to  100  men.  The 
ledge  averages  five  feet  thick.  The  Mon- 
tezuma, too,  is  located  here;  but  for  rea- 
sons best  known  to  the  company,  they  have 
permitted  their  20  stamps  and  a  good  mine 
to  remain  idle  for  the  last  two  years." 

Forty  to  a  hundred  men  gutting  a  mine, 
to  run  how  much  down  stream  ?  I  know 
several  similar  institutions  which  work 
from  "40  to  100  men,"  and  at  the  end  of 
the  month  the  owners  do  not  have  one  dol- 
lar for  themselves;  whereas  less  expense, 
less  rush,  and  more  metal  saved,  could 
turn  the  scale  often  from  loss  to  profit, 
and  "  20-stamp  mills  with  good  mines  " 
need  not  be  idle.  I  contend  that  ore  can 
be  reduced,  held  under  control  for  manipu- 
lation, and  metal  amalgamated  as  cheaply 
as  this  uncontrollable  sluicing  system  so 
universal  in  California. 

That  our  gold  ores  are  so  readily  amalga- 
mated, is  one  of  the  ruinous  ideas  extent. 
The  majority  of  California  miners  are,  in 
fact,  but  little  experienced  in  all  the 
troublesome  accompaniments  of  even  gold 
ores,  considering  that  if  the  rock  does  not 
pay,  that  it  cannot  certainly  contain  it. 
All,  however,  admit  it  to  be  difficult  to  ex- 
tract the  gold  from  iron  sulphurets,  for- 
getting that  even  a  small  percentage  Of 
lead,  copper,  arsenic  or  antimony  which 
is  to  be  found  in  nearly  all  the  gold  ores 
of  California,  vitiates  the  mercury  in  a 
little  while,  rendering  it  quite  inefficient 
in  collecting  even  the  gold  that  otherwise 
from  gravity  might  be  taken  up.  We  hear 
great  accounts  of  the  value  of  ores  from 
all  parts;  but  do  they  prove  up  their 
assertions  by  the  product  per  ton  ?  One 
of  your  correspondents,  only  a  week  or  so 
ago,  stated  in  his  communications  that  'we 
must  have  improved  machinery  or  aban- 
don this  in  use.'  He  had  been  investigat- 
ing the  matter.  It  is  too  universal  to  con- 
sider that  it  is  only  necessary  to  rig  up  a 
set  of  stamps,  apply  the  power,  and  let 
them  rip  away  smashing  rocks,  to  wash  the 
sands  off,  forgetting  that  it  is  equally  as 
patent  to  wash  off  the  smaller  particles  of 
gold. 

[To  be  continued.] 

Rainfall  at  Sacramento. 
[By  T.M.Logan.  M.D.,  Secretary  State  Boardof  Health.] 


Jan.   1, 

Jan., 

Feb.. 


1872.  Rainfall  for  the  season  to  date 12.421  inches 

1872.  Rainfall  for  the  month 4.010  inches 

1872.  Rainfall  up  to  25th 4.010  inches 


Total  for  the  season  up  to  date 20.501  inches 

Remarks. — February  has  this  season  proved  awet  month, 
and  the  rainfaU  is  now  plus  the  average  for  the  entire 
season.  No  rain  fell  from  the  12th  te  the  end  of  January, 
except  a  mere  sprinkle  on  the  23d;  so  that  it  would  seem 
the  usual  interval  between  the  former  and  the  latter  rains 
has  this  season  occurred  during  the  latter  half  of  January, 
and  not  in  February,  as  is  the  most  general  rule. 


Complimentary. — From  F.  C.  Johnson,  Vice- 
President  Indiana  State  Horticultural  Society, 
we  have  received  the  Annual  Eeport  of  said 
Society. 

From  Jay  Cook  &  Co.,  maps  and  documents 
pertaining  to  the  route,  resources,  progress  and 
business  of  the  "  New  North  West "  and  its 
great  thoroughfare,  the  Northern  Pacific  Kail- 
road. 

At  Shasta  the  total  rainfall  for  the  season, 
to  Feb.  27,  foots  up  90.27  inches. 


Db.  Shebman's  TtFT.TAun.rrv — We  are  continually  re- 
ceiving letters  of  inquiry  about  Dr.  Sherman,  and  his 
reliability  in  the  specialty  of  treating  and  curing  rup- 
ture. About  two  years  since,  a  gentleman  showed  us  a 
photograph  of  Mb  taken  before  he  placed  himself  under 
the  care  of  Dr.  Sherman  for  rupture.  This  waB  a  few 
months  after  treatment.  The  difference  between  the 
man  when  the  picture  was  taken  and  the  time  when  we 
saw  him,  was  wonderful.  He  then  considered  himself 
cured,  and  gave  the  credit  to  Dr.  Sherman.  In  view  of 
this  circumstance,  and  what  we  had  previously  heard, 
as  a  matter  of  interest  to  those  of  our  readers  who  might 
be  afflicted  in  a  similar  way,  we  indorsed  Dr.  Sher- 
man. 

In  order  to  remove  every  doubt,  and  to  make  sure  that 
no  wrong  should  be  done  to  any  one,  one  of  the  associate 
editors  of  this  paper  devoted  an  entire  day  to  the  inves- 
tigation of  Dr.  Sherman's  system  of  treatment  of  his 
patients.  The  result  of  this  investigation  confirms  the 
truthfulness  of  our  indorsement.  Many  prominent  gen- 
tlemen in  this  city  tell  us  they  tried  other  parties  with- 
out being  benefitted,  then  placed  themselves  under  Dr. 
Sherman's  treatment  and  were  cured.  PerhapB  we  may 
express  the  strongest  conviction  of  our  assurance  of  his 
success,  by  stating  that  if  we  should  ever  be  afflicted 
as  others  were,  who  have  been  treated  by  him,  we 
should  go  to  him  for  treatment,  with  every  reason  to 
believe  that  he  would  effect  a  cure.  Further  than  this, 
no  man  can  say.— Pomeroy's  Democrat,  JY.  Y. 


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Seed.  It  is  in  every  way  a  Practical  and  Successful  Cal- 
ifornia Machine.  It  as  proven  successful  over  all 
other  Machines  on  trial,  and  has  taken  two  First  Premi- 
ums at  the  Petaluma  Fair.  Machines  and  State  and 
County  Rights  for  sale  by  W.  D.  FREEMAN, 

Toniales,  Marin  county.Cal. 
g«nd  for  Circulars, 

P.  S.— The  right  to  use  my  superior  Patent  Pod  Screen 
mil  be  sold  at  reasonable  prices  to  owners  of  Threshers. 
4v3-2m-eowbp 


March  2,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


141 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


amvvto  nofl  "■■ 

dm  Thormtai/  mm 

■  ,'i  it  lit*  eery  \11Utt  hour  ut  «in  MatM  •'  I 

Kincaid  Flat   Mining  Company— Location 

of  workl,  Turdumn*  County,  Slate  of  California. 

1  1  hereby  ciTBD,  (hat  at  a  ui<:.-f  inir  of  the  Board  of 

Truateesof  Mid  •  Ion  lljoUtii  Jay  of  February. 

V*Ti,  an  uaewuneDt   ol  three  dotl&ra  per  ebare  was  levied 

d(  .14 id  coiiiuauy,  payable  imoiedi- 

1  nlted  Slates  gold  coin,  to  the  sea  y,  at  hi*  office, 

PrUOISOO.  CaL     Any  Btook  QpOD 

which  naid  &*Ht-nniii«nl  -lull  ruiiiain  unpaid  on  !!>■■  WUi    daj 

..i  fcUrcb,  I81J,    ahall   be  doe 1  delinquent!  and  will  be 

duly  advurttx«'d  for  Fiale  at  public  mutton,  and   unless  pay- 
ment nhall   be  made  before,  will  be  eold  on    Monday,  tUe 
Stli   .lay  of    April,  1871,    t<»    pay   U»    delinquent  U 
together  »itti    OMla  of  advert ifdng  and  eipenaoe  of    Bale. 
By   order  of    tho   Board  of  Trustees. 

R.  II.  OOSKSXX,  Secretary- 
Office,  220  Clay  street,  San  Fmncuwo,  f.-Jl-t.t 


Pocahontas   Gold  Mining  Company— Lo- 

ol   works.  Mad  Springs,  El  Dorado  County,  State 
of  Onllfornta, 

by  triven,  that  at  a  moetinK  of  the  Board  nl 
\  ■  1  oompany,  held  OB  the  26tfa  day  of  Febru- 

ary. Urn,  no  assessment  "'  r"'ve  Dollars  per  share  itm  levied 
upon  the  capital  Btock  of  aald  company,  payable  immedi- 
aj   I..  In   t  nifui  ButM  gold  ooln,  to  the  Secretarr,  at  tho 

Ollloe  of  tin-  OOtnpUV,  Boom  .N...  Lli,  Haywnrd  B  Builil  lag. 
No  119  Clli  irnle  BtP  ■■'.  Sun  Prsnouoo,  (.'alli<irnia.  Any 
■took  upon  irhioh  aaid  imefirnrmt  ■hai)  raouln  unpaid  on 
SttOldaj,  the  hili  day  of  April,  Ik7*.',  ahull  lie  deemed  lU>- 
Uoqnonti  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  Hale  at  public 
■notion,  and  unions  payment  shall  lie  made  before  will  be 
•old  on  Monday,  the  6th  day  of  May.  IBIS,  to  pay  the  d<din- 
un"rit  aseeesment  thereon,  together  with  coat*  of  advertis- 
ing and  expenses  ol  the  aate. 

D.  A.  JENNTNGS,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  170.26,  llayward'B   Building,  419  Oalifornii 
Itneti  Snn  Francisco.  Lai, 

Pobriurj  26,  1873.  mar2-5w 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Gompany— 

I  ...ji  1 1 1 1  m  of  works,  Salt  Spring*  V  alloy,  Calaveras  County, 
rllia. 

Notice  11  hereby  wivon,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
TXIUtON  ol  said  Oompanr,  held  on  the  1st  11  day  of  tfebra- 
nry.  1073,  an  assessment  ol  $A  dollars  por  share  was  levied 
upon  tho  capital  a  took  of  Kaid  Comptmy,  puyahlo  iinuiedi- 
atuly  in  United  States  cold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
Offloe  ol  the  Company,  No.  409  California  street,  up  stairs, 
San  Francisco,  t.'nl.  Any  stock  upon  which  »aid  asses  raent 
shall  remain  unpaid  on  the'Jtith  day  of  March,  1H7"2,  ahali  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  and  unions  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
\\  ill  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  Ibth  day  ol'  April.  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  ol  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  F.  CRONISE,  Socretary. 

Olftcu,  409  Caliiornia  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.        fe24~td 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company— -Location 

of    works.    White   Pine     Mining   District,   White    Pine 

county.  Nevada. 

NoTirK.  —There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
twentieth  (20)  day  of  January  1872,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
tollo.ws: 

Names,  No.  Certificate,    No.  shares.    Amount. 

Armstrong,  C,  Trustee 420  20  I  20  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee..  ..352  200  200  00 

Barton.  W  fl,  Trustee 376  10  10  00 

Breed,  H  L,  Trustee 394  20  20  00 

Cahill  b  Co.,E,  Trustee.. 163  50  50  00 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee.  ..372  722  722  00 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee ...  408  100  100  00 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee. .  .409  100  100  00 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee. .  .450  1000  1000  00 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee. .  .455  673  673  00 

Edwards, LB 393  100  100  00 

Eyre,  E  E,  Trustee 184  100  100  00 

King,  W  F,  Trustee 457  50  50  00 

Lovelaud,  LF,  Trustee. ..217  50  50  00 

Martin,  M  S,  Trustee 199       •  100  100  00 

Minturn,  Chas 453  300  800  00 

Miller,  H  R,  Trustee 269  50  50  00 

Montagnie  do  la,  J  E 333  100  100  00 

Parker,  OH 171  100  100  00 

Prichard.WP.  Trustee... 341  100  100  00 

Tibbey,  E  8,  Trustee 385  60  50  00 

Williams,  W  J, Trustee... 244  60  60  00 

White,  JasT 399  12  12  00 

Woods,  F  H,  Trusteo 376  22  22  00 

Woods,  F  H,  Trustee 380  8  8  00 

Woods,  F  H,  TruBteo 434  10  10  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.made  on  tho  Twentieth  day  of  January, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the 
office  of  said  Company,  on  Tuesday  the  Nineteenth 
clay  of  March,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  of 
said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  Bale. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 
Office:  418  California  Street,  San  Francisco.       ma2-2w 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE    BLAST    ROTARY   RLOAVER. 


Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and  Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent,  less  power  than  auy  Blower 
now  in  use.  A  Blower  may  be  seen  at  W.  T,  Garratt  Ac  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco;  Gould  &  Curry  and 
Savage  S.  M.  Co.'b,  Nevada;  and  at  C.  P.  R.  E.  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  thiB  coast. 

Caution. — Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  lo  the  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  parties, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  the  requirements  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUARTZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IKON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HORSE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OP  ALL  SIZES. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information.  Address 

«"&  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

P.  I.  CTJHRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 

Sheet  Iron  Work 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions, 


Manufacturers  of  th 


of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


South   Gulch    Gravel    Mining    Company. 

Location  of  Works,  Brushville  Mining  District,  Cala- 
veras County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  7th  day  of 
February,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  and  fifty 
cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  Btock  of 
said  Compauy,  payable  immediately,  in  United  States 
gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  Company, 
No.  409  California  street,  up  stairs,  Sau  Francisco,  Cal, 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  March,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the  third  day  of 
April,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costB  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 
Office,  400  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

ning  Company     Location  of  Works:  Gopher  District, 

Calaveras  County  California. 

Notioe,— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  levied  on  tho 
23d  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set  oppo- 
side  the  names  of  the  respective  Shareholders  as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.     Amount. 

Charles  Osmer... 6  10  $40  00 

Charles  Osmer 31  2  8  00 

CharleB  Osmer 32  2  8  00 

Charles  OBmer 33  1  4  00 

Charles  OBmer 132  35  140  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  23d  day  of  January,  1872, 
so  many  shares  of  each  parcels  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  by  Maurice 
Dore  &  Co.,  at  No.  327  Montgomery  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  on  Saturday  the  16th  day  of  March,  1872,  at 
the  hour  of  12  o'clock  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent Assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
Advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 

Office— BIG,  Kearny  St.,  San  Francisco,  mar2-3t 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer, 
Mineral  Assayer,  Analyst,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Author  of  "The Explorers',  Minors',  and  Metallurg- 
ists' Companion." 

Inventor  of  the    Explorers',  Miners',  Millers',   and 
Smelters'  Friend,  the  Prospectors'  "  WEE  PET  "  Assay- 
ing Machine,  etc.,  which  obtained  a  Gold  Medal  at  the 
San  Francisco  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  18C9. 
Patented  September  7, 18*69. 


Arranged  for  the  general  purposes  of  the  Analyst  and 
Assayer. 
Price,  with  instructions,  tools  and  fluxes,  $100. 

Practical  Instructions  in  all  kinds  of  Assay- 
ing, Discrimination  and  Analysis. 

24-v23-tf 


Miners  Using  Powder 

Containing  Nitroglycerine,  giving  off  deleterious  odors 
should  read  the  description,  in  the  Sctehtifio:  Press, 
August  5, 1871,  of  the  patented  process  for  instantly  dis- 
pelling the  noxious  gases ;  and  for  further  information 
address  Dr.  A.  Blatchley,  patentee,  at  SoiENTrFia  Pbess 
Office,  S.  F.  8v24tf 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY- 

Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioner's  for  the  Exhibition  of  18G2 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILD ING,  CEMKTERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  5v24-3amslamrly 


H.    M.    BALCH, 

432  Kearny  St.,  8.  E.  corner  of  California  st.  (up  stairs/ 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Repairs  and  Tunes 

ALL  KINDS   OF 

MUSICAL      INSTRUMENTS, 
Either  Brass,  Reed  or  String. 

Special  attention  given  to  PIANOS, 
ORGANS,  or  MELODEONS. 

Mr.  B  is  a  practical  workman  of  twenty- 
five  years  experience,  and  employs  none1 
but  experienced  workmen. 

ORDERS  from  the  country  attended  promptly, 
8v23-3mea 


Wm.  Penn  Consolidated  Gold  and  Silver 

Mining    Company— Location  of  works.  Storey  and 

Lyon  Comities,  Sua..-  of  Nevada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  aco  ant  of  assessment  Levied  on  the 
20th  day  of  January,  1873,  tht-  Severn]  amounts  set 
oppOBlb  the  names  of  the  respective  share  holders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.    Am't. 

George  Stead 18  25  25  00 

George  Stead 19  25  25  00 

George  Stead 20  25  25  CO 

Qeorge  Stead 21  21  21  00 

H  JTScheol 25  B0  Bl)  00 

B  J  t  Soheel 26  60  bo  ou 

H  JTScheol 27  25  25  nil 

h  j  T  Bonoel 28  25  26  00 

H  J  T  Scheel 20  2  2  00 

B  J  Scheel 30  f>0  50  00 

B  .1  Soheel 31  60  60  00 

B  J  School 32  25  25  00 

H  3  Soheel :*!  25  25  00 

BJSoheel 34  2  2  00 

Frank  KniYir 35  30  30  00 

Frank  Kruycr 36  25  25  00 

Frank  Kruyer S7  25  25  00 

11  t  LilCfl 42  50  60  00 

H  FBlCfl 43  50  50  00 

HFRice 44  50  60  00 

H  FRicc 45  10  10  00 

8  D  Pru«cott 49  24  24  00 

John  W  Work 63  25  25  00 

Henry  R  Reed 15  6  6  00 

Henry  R  Reed 16  6  C  00 

Henry  R  Reed 17  4  4  00 

John  F  Sears 13  2  2  00 

Alfred  Dennoe 3  5  6  00 

W  PCStebbins 1  28  28  00 

GregoryYale 4  17  17  00 

EH  Doty 8  10  10  00 

EH  Doty 10  12  12  00 

EH  Doty 11  10  10  00 

E  H  Dotv 12  10  10  00 

WEFKrause 9  1  1  00 

E  F  Stone 6  88  88  00 

EH  Doty unissued        165  105  00 

Henry  Tomey,  Trustee unissued        155  1S5  00 

George  Hearst unissued         46  46  00 

L  M  Pearlman unissued  94  94  00 

Jacob  C  Clark unissued         62  52  00 

H  F  Cutter unissued        106  106  00 

Thos.  McNamara unissued  60  50  00 

W  H  Bremer unissued  50  50  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  26th  day  of  January,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcl  of  said  Btock  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  auction 
house  of  John  Middleton&Sononthe2lBtday  of  March, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock  p.  m.  Of  said  day,  to 
pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  Sale. 
ma3-3t  HENRY  TOOMY,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  RoomB  3  and  4. 


OAKLAND    POULTRY    YARDS, 

Corner  Sixteenth  and  Castro  Streets. 
SEASON—OF    1872. 

Eggs  for  Hatching  from  Pure  Bred  Poultry, 

Carefully  packed  in  handled  boxes  with  elastic 

bottomB,  and  guaranteed  to  carry  safely  - 

to  any  part  of  the  country. 


Send  Stamp  for  Circular  to 

GEO.    B.    BAYLEY, 

Importer  and  Breeder  of 
CHOICE    POULTRY. 

P.  0.  Box  659,  San  Francisco. 


J.     R.    ANDREWS, 


SUCCESSOB  TO 


F.  MANSELL  &  CO., 
House    and     Sign     Painters, 

412  PINE  STKEBT,   SAN  FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  abo-ve  Montgomery  st. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental Sign  Wort. 


Country  Orders  Attended,  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     Dispatch. 


Important    to    Miners. 

FEET'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current    and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  QuieJcsilver. 

For  particulars  address 

WATEBS  &  CO.,  Assaycrs,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v21-3m 


142 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  2,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 
PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets* 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

I  It  A   P.   BAXKIS,  A.P.MIAITOX, 

GEO.  W.  FOOO,  Snperllltcndent. 

Steam  Engines  and  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  oi  work  generally  done  at  flrst- 
olass  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
prices,  and  of  the  beBt  quality. 

^"Particular attention  paid  to  Jobbing  "Work  and 

n"b.'— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 


BRATED PATENT  QOVERNOR. 


SODDARD  &  CO. 


FUXiTOISf 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANOFA0TUREH3    OF 

S3  T  13  .A.  M    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Flour    and.    Sa^v    Mills, 

Hayes*  Improved  Steam  Pnmp,  Brodle'*  Im- 
proved     Crusher,      Mlnlne     Pampi, 
Amal|[amator«f  and  all  lil ud« 
of  Machinery. 

E.  comer  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streots,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE   T.    PRACY, 
MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111    Mission  Street,    ' 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment)  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say:— 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
rrintlrig    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
bo  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MAHOTAOTUEEB  AND  SOUS  AGENT  FOB 

Pracy*8     Oele"bratecL    Governor. 

TURNINfl  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTORIES  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOIIiKBS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Dunbar's  Patent  SeW-Ad|u«tlnar  Steam  Flslon 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

Ami  all  kinds  of  AUnlnv  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets, 

SiORAMRNTO  OlTT 


PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manulacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  "Variety-  of  fc^Siat'tiiAg", 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  <  f 
steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Pinton    and    Con- 
necting Rods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 
and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED     ITtOlV 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

#5S-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
COMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,will  celve 
j/ompt  attention 

AS-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron        9vH3ra 


THE  GARDNER  AUTOMATIC  SAFETY-STOP  GOVERNOR. 


These  Governors  have  now  been  sold  in  this  market  for  several  years,  and  wherever  once  introduced  and  made 
known,  are  invariably  sought  after.  They  are  in  the  Eastern  States  fast  displacing  all  other  Steam  Governors,  and 
are  regarded  as  tkeperfeci  regulator.  They  are  manufactured  by  Messrs. [Gorchur  &  Robertson,  practical  engineers, 
-who  have  given  many  years  time  exclusively  to  their  manufacture  and  perfection.  The  manufacturers  say:  After 
an  experience  of  eleven  years  in  the  manufacture  of  the  above  Governor,  during  which  time  several  important  im- 


provements have  been  made  and  two 
additional  patents  obtained,  we  feci 
justified  in  recommending  it  to  all 
parties  using  Steam  power,  and  war- 
ranting it  to  be  the  most  perfect  regu- 
lator in  the  market. 

The  Gardner  Governor  is  so  well 
known  that  we  think  it  unnecessary  to 
enterinto  a  detailed  explanation  of  the 
principles  involved,  or  details  in  its 
construction,  merely  giving  the  lead- 
ing objects  realized  by  this  important 
invention.  The  Governor  combines 
with  the  greatest  simplicity  of  con- 
struction, accurate  regulation  of  speed, 

POSITIVE  INSURANCE  AGAINST  AIX  ACCI- 
DENTS LIABLE  TO  OCCUB  FKOM  SLIPPING 
OR  PARTING  THE  GOVERNOR  OR  DKIVTNG 

belts,  and  a  convenient  arrangement 

for  ADJUSTING  THE  SPEED  OF  THE  EN- 
GINE while  in  motion,  without  change 
of  pullies. 

The  construction  of  the  Governor  is 
extremely  simple,  having  no  springs, 
iuside  joints,  swivels,  or  parts  liable 
to  disarrangement,  all  the  several  parts 
are  duplicates  of  each  other  in  the  same 
series;  the  most  skillful  workmen  are 
employed,  the  best  material  used  and 
the  machinery  employed  especially 
Cal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory,  D 


adapted  to  their  manufacture.  The 
valve  is  most  perfectly  balanced, 
and  the  Governor  is  built  with  a  view 
of  securing  the  quickest  and  most  sen- 
sitive action  possibly  attainable  in  a 
steam  regulator.  Thus  with  accurate 
machinery,  and  skilled  labor,  and  de- 
voting OUr  WHOLE  ATTENTION  to  the 
manufacture  of  this  one  article,  we 
are  able  to  produce  a  perfect  and  relia- 
ble Governor  at  a  low  price. 

We  do  not  publish  any  letters  of  rec- 
ommendations, but  can  give  references 
to  upwards  of  5,000  parties  through- 
out the  United  States,  who  are  using 
the  Gardner  Governor. 

We  would  especially  invite  the  atten- 
tion of  steam  Engine  Builders  to  this 
Governor,  feeling  assured  that  they 
can  purchase  for  less  than  they  can 
make  an  "inferior  article,  and  thereby 
increase  the  value  and  sales  of  their 
Engines, 

We  respectfully  refer  to  the  follow- 
ing parties  using  the  Gardner  Gov- 
ernor, and  can  speak  under  Btandingly 
ofitsmeritB:  Oakland  Cotton  Mills, 
the  Selby  Lead  and  Silver  Smelting 
Works,  L.  &  E.  Emanuel,  Vulcan  Iron 
Works,  Pulton  Foundry,  Levi sonBros., 
A.  McDonald  &  Co.,  and  others  in  San  Francisco;  Ophir  Co. ,  Lady 


Bryan,  and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  "Virginia,  Nev,;  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F. 
Chury,  Albany,  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

B^~WE  WARRANT  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  circumstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  miles  of  San  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  be  returned  to  us 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

Q^When  ordering  please  state  whether  Throttle-Valve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Finished 
Governor  is  desired.  ***The  bate  of  speed  for  Govebnob  is  fully  stamped  on  the  revolving  head  of  every 
Governor.    Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TBEABWELL    &    CO., 

Agents    for    I*aoiiio    States,    San   Francisco. 

8^" At  Treadwell  &  Co.'sflate  BERRY  &  PLACE'S) Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  may  be  found  in  stock  the  above 
Governors,  together  -with  all  sizes  of  HOADLEY'S  PORTABLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS,  STURTE- 
VANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS,  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DREYFUS'S  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS,  Etc, 
Also  a  heavy  stock  of  HARDWARE  AND  MINING  TOOLS,  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BOILER  FELT 
(saves  26  per  cent,  of  fuel) ,  SELF-OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kinds) ,  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millmen's  findings.       7v24-tf 


To  Coal  Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

IYOCR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &    LONG    LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS, 

1340    Beaoh    Street,    Philadelphia,    Perm. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives; 

By  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Novr  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  tv/o  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND   PHOTOCRAPHS. 


HYDEAULIO     CHIEF. 

MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  0KDEE, 

to    throw   from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

stream: 

The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
9v23-tf  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Oal. 


FISHER'S 
KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AMD 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 

Cheapest  and   Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE— I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  & 
J.  Craig  and  Riohard  Hoskin,  as  the  same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER, 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators, 

GIFFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

STEAM    TRAP. 
Surface   Condensers. 
DAVliTsTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  F. 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

ETJREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

MfiHT  JLJTD  HEAVY  CA9THB8, 
of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


SA1V    FBATfCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTBCERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUTACTUBEBS  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

Machine  Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

18  and  15  Drmnm  Street,  San  Francisco,  4v241y 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


"We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  B.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  tho  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

MarysviUe,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysvillT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us, 
-  Quartz  and  Amalgamating;  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FEONTS,  ETC. 

Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.  Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  ev  ery- 
thing  required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 

5v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


the:  laisooisr 
Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,1)1)0,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  of  Scale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wm.  Alvord,  O.  J.  Brenham,  0.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E,  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary, 

24vi7-ay 

OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &  BOLAND, 

ITtOINT    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notioe. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


Machinery. 


MOLDING,    M0ETISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHISES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 

Fer  Railroad,  Cab,  and  Agei- 

oultdhal  Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 

«^~  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

J.    A.   FAY   &   CO., 

CiNorNNATi,  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANUFACTUBERS     OF 


WOOD-WORKING  [MACHINERY, 

i  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Phhadehihia, 
F"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco, 
3v24-3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 

«T.  W.  THCTJRMAiLV, 

(Successor  to  S-  W.  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

ALL  OKDEES  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-6m 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  thin  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
<iil  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
BOX  L  3E  R     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  st,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  Pranciscc. 


March  2,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS; 


143 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  tin-  MeekUllCB'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
ciaco,  and  Statu  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
Those  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
[>)  b«  MUperlor  to  any  they  have  ovor  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  a.  regulated  uml<-r  the  oil  by  valvo  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  sttam  pipe 
C;  It  then  becomes  greasy  Bteam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylliuhr  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tiil«'  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rod«  and  stems  lasts  longer,  uud  the  rint-'S  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  thrco 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  1, 
: mge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engino  stopps; 
II,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  tho  cup:  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14,  1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  BrasB  Works,  125  First  street,  B.  F.      24v23tf 


California  File  Mamtf'g  Co. 

Potroro,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
K  KVPJIK  AND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

i»t  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    O  ders  from  the  country 
romptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  Kinos  of  BrasB,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Casting,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kliula,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails.  Kudder  Braces,  II  HiRes,  ship  and  Steamboat  Bells  ana 
Qongsof  superior  tone.  Ail  klndsof  Cocks  and  ValveB.Hy 
draulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
t&>  PRICES  MODERATE. -ffit 
J.    H.  WEED-  V.  KINO  WELL. 


WK.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHEE, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    "WORKS, 

218  Fremont  Btreet,  bet.  Howard  and  FolBom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAB, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  mado  to 

Order  and  "Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


PLUMBAGO   CRUCIBLES. 


MORGAN'S  CELEBRATED  PLUMBAGO  CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30),  from  No.  1  to  100; 
for  sale  low  to  close  conBignment. 

22v23-3m    A.  S.  HALLXDIE,  519  Front  street,  S.  F. 


JOS.    THORNHTXL, 
Bricklayer    and    Contractor. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Work, 
such  as  Boilers,  FurnaccB,  Ovens,  Grates,  RangeB,  etc. 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  White,  47  Clay  street,  JOS, 
THORNHELL,  1(112  Mason  street,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  24v21-3m 


AORVra  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sledge «,    Hammer*,    Stone    Cutlers',    Black 

smith*'  ii  rid  Home-Shoerti*  Tools. 
18  and  1G  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
lOvUnr 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERX8     .AJVI>     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry). 

N.W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En- 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  Gv23-3m 


CAST    STEEL     FILES. 

John  T.  Bunker  &  Co.'s— We  wish  to  inform 
Dealers  and  Iron  Workers  that  we  are  Agents  for  these 
o  elebrated  Files,  and  are  offering  superior  inducements 
t  o  introduco  them.     (22-v23-3m)  HOOKER  &  CO. 


KIMOWLES'   PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Awarded'  First  Premium  and  Diploma 

Over  all  Competitors,  at  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  San  Francisco,  1871 ;  also  Special 
£  3iedal|and  Diploma  at  State  Fuir. 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  -where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  doeB  not  require  hand-work  to  gut  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  tilled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC  R.  R.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC,  1 
Sacramento,  Cal.,  April  14, 1871.  J 

A.  L.  FISH,  Esq.,  Agent  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  San  Francisco— Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  aB 
to  tho  merits  of  the  KnuwleB*  Bteam  Pump,  in  use  upon  this  road,  I  will  say  that  we  have  nineteen  of  them  in 
use  on  this  road  as  fire  engines,  and  pumping  water  for  Bhop  and  station  use.  I  consider  tho  Knowles  Steam 
Pump  the  best  in  use,  and  prefer  it  to  any  other.    Yours  truly,       A.  J.  STEVENS,  General  Master  Mechanic. 


WE    BUILD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLT    ON    HAND 

THE   LARGEST   STOCK   OF    PUMPS    IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Every  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L    FISH,    Agent. 

No   O  First  (.Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal- 


P.  S. — All  hinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3-v24-eow-bp 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST  PREMIUM 
American  Institute,51867  andil870 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOI/E  MANTJTAOTTTEEE 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-Acting 

Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 


PATENTED    IN     ENGLAND,    BELGIUM     AND 
FRANCE.      SEND  FOR  CIRCULAR. 


Combines    Simplicity   and    Durability    to   a    Remarkable   Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope. 


A.    CARR, 
43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

7v23-ly-eow 


THEODORE   KAXXENBERG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Die^, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  G-earB  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  In  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.      18v23-3m 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 

RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCIIANTe, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  all  kind,  or  Ore.,  and  particular  nttenflot 

PAID  TO 

COKSIONH  i:\T8  OF  GOODS. 
4vl6-3m 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

Richardson  A  Co.  have  bean  for  thirty  nan  estabUaQel 
in  Sv>  .■in-,  .i  u  Agents  for  tin'  preparation.  Sampling,  Assay- 
ing, and  Sain  of  l"(j|>[n'r.  Silver.  Gold,  Lend.  Zinc,  nml  all 
oilier  Orosaod  Metaln,  for  which  they  have  extensive  Waro- 
hounfs  jinii  Whorvee  under  oover,  1,000  foot  of  Qoay  Front- 
Ufl  within  the  Floating  Dooi,  and  tho  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  art*  also  prepari'd  to  make 
advances  aaalnat  Qroa  in  anticipation  of  realization,  and  10 
guarantee  all  payments  whenruijuin  d.  5v22-ly8 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 

7v23tf 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

1-1   MontKttniery  **t.  up  italm. 

Particular  attention  given  to  tho  Analysis  of  Ort-B, 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  ProdndtG,  Minural  Waters; 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  nnd  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv2l-3m 

LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  TJ.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallm-glca^ 

CHEMIST, 
No.    Oil    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  tho  U.S.  Branch Mint\. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  7v21-3m 


NEVADA  METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  St.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

KIOTTE  &   LUCKHAKDT. 

Ore*    Crashed,   Sampled    and    Asuayed, 

Having  added  PanB,  ABsay  office  and  Chlorlnation  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metiillur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  2(iv21-3ni 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY    OFFICE 

No.    513    CALIFORNIA.    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Fbanciboo, 

J.    A.    MAES,    Assayer. 
»y  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v2G 


G,  w.  stuong. 


W.  L. STRONG 


G.   W.   STRONG   &  CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  MetalB.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  "Wire,  Etc.,  EtCi 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22vl8' 


ALL    NEW    AND     OLD    PROCESSES 

—  OF  — 

Mining,  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately   described   and   discussed,    and   the 
Latest    News 

From  American  and  Foreign  Mines  ;  together  with  tho 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  the  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Club, 

and  other  Scientific  Bodies,  and 

WEEKLY    POPULAR    ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
Will  be  found  in  the 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R.  W.  RAYMOND  and  W.  P.  WARD,  Editors. 

Subscription,  $4,  currency,  per  annum ;  $2.25  for  six 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Company, 


P.  O.  Box  4404. 


WLLLARD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Bow,  New  York. 


AMBLER'S  BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Boasting    Bebellious    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  sulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  wa  s 
given  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

IIONKOE    THOMSON", 

At  444  California  Btreet,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  i  6v23-3m 


144 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  2,  1872. 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  I860,  this  weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country.  .        . 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two ,  pages  of 
Mining  Summary  from  the  most  important 
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concerning  New  Incorporations,  Share  Mar- 
ket. Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editobials  ^with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chineby,  New  Discoveeies,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit- 
able at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 

DEWEY    &  CO., 

SCIENTIFIC     PRESS 

U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 

PATENT    AGENCY. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regnlor 
GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    3    GIA.TST    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BA.NK     BLA.9TING,     COA.L     IHIJVJES, 

AND    FOB    ALL    SUCH    WORK    "WHERE    THE    ROCK    13    NOT    VERT    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

Price.    50   Cents  per    Pound. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  Increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  eiplosiyes. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-Sml6p  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  side  of  the  continent. 
Established  in  1860.  Inventors  can  rely  upon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Long  familiarity  with 
Mining,  Farming,  and  all  other  classeH  of  inventions  on 
this  coaBt,  enables  us  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Inventueb  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Dnion,  aud  oftentimes  much  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  worthy  inventions  patented  by  us 
will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  most  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Pbess  and 
the  Pacific  Rural  Press. 

Send  for  our  52-page  illustrated  Patent  Ctrculab, 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  stamp.  Also  the  D.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870. 

DEWEY    *    CO., 
No.  338  Montgomery    st.,    S.   E.    cor.    California   st., 
diagonally  across  from  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


^'ciilfaral-ffoxieJourV 


ft  is  one  of  the  LargeBt,  best  Illustrated  and  most  Original 

and  Enterprising  Agricultural  Journals  in  America, 

and  has  no  rival  on  the  we-tern  side  of  the 

Continent.    Its  circulation  in  Rapidly 

Increasing,  and  it  is  Very 

Popular  with  its 

Patrons. 

A.  NEW  HUSBANDRY, 

as  it  were,  isreqniredon  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  aocount  of  its 

Seouliar  seasons,  soil,  climate  and  topography.  The  new 
iscoveries,  ideas,  and  useful  hints  evolved  in  its  rapid 
progress,  are  to  be  observed  with  interest,  and  read,  as  re- 
ported in  the  Pacifig  Rural,  with  profit  by  practical  and 


progressive  agriculturists  everywh 
thePBESS,  postpaid,  10  ots.    °-         - 


__    Sample  copies  of 
Subscription,  Si  a  year. 
DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  San Franoisco,  Cal.    Nov., 1871 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

I^oT>riiary  SO,  1872- 


San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


Leave  going  hast. 


•4.0.  _ 
4.35  r>i 
4.10  PM 
5.35  PM1 
8.25  pm! 
8.48  P  M 

10.45  P  Ml 


7.00  ah 
7.35  am 
7.50  am, 
8.35  a  Ml 
11.28  am 
11.50  am 
1.45  p 


Arrive  from  West. 


..San  Francisco.. 

.  -Oakland 

.San  Jose 

..Niles 

..Lathrop 

..Stockton 

..Sacramento  — 


Arrive  frt 

8.30  pm 

8.00  P  M 

8.30  p  M 

7.05  P  m 

4.43  pm 

4.07  PM 

2.20  pm 

Leave  go 

San  Francisco  &  San  Jose. 


*2.20  p  m 
1.50  PM 
2.10  pm 

12.45  p  M 
9.45  PM 
9.07  P  M 
7.15  A  M 
ne  West. 


Leave  going  South 

I    3.00pm 

4.40  pm 

|    5.30pw 

Arrive  from  North. 

Stockton. 
Leave  going  South 

I    7.35  pm 

*9.45am     8.25  pm 

11.35  am      9.45  pm 

2.40  PmI  12.15am 

Arrive  from  North 


.San  Francisoo. 

.Niles 

.San  Jose 


Arrive  from  South 
10.40  AMI 

8.35am  : 

7.:Q  am| 

Leave  going  >■  orth 
Lathrop  &  Merced. 

Arrive  from  South 

10.20  a  Mi 

9.30  am  *8.20  pm 
8.13  am  6.45  PM 
5.45  am|     3.30  PM 

Leave  going  North 


w. 


T.  GARB, ATT  &  CO- 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Mission  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbct  Metal 

,CA8T1NG8, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TATEKN     1X1)        ,ASD     BELtS,    OOKUS, 

FIRE    ENGINES,  FORCE  AND   LIFT-  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  CockB, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nishcd  with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  "Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

BS"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 


PER and  BRASS. 

W.  T.  GABBATT, 


JAMES    TTTT.T.TVrAK, 


6-tf 

.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPATJLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


...Stockton 
...Lathrop. 
...Modesto. 
...Merced.. 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  Og-den. 


FRANCIS    SMITH  &   CO., 


Manu&eturers    of 


HYDRAULIC    PIPE, 


Artesian  Well  Pipe— All  Sizes. 


Having  the  LateBt  Improved  Machinery,  we  can^mafceit 
on  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO  CONTRACT  WITH  US   FOE 

SHEET    IRON     OPIPE. 


All  Work  Guaranteed. 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  ,San  Francisco. 

4v24-eow3ml6p 


5.40  PM 
1.00  am 
9.10  am 
12.00  m 
4.40  pm 
6.20  am 
Arrive  from  West. 
Sacramento. 
Leave  going  North 


..Sacramento 

..Colfax 

...Reno 

.  ..Winnemucca... 
..  Battle  Mountai 

..Elko 

..Ogden 


Arrive  from  East. 
2.00  pm 


Marysville 


2.35pm  . 
3.25pm  - 
5.15  pm. 
8.35pm  . 
9.30pm  . 
Arrive  from  South! 


3.45  am 
10.25  a  M 
1.50  pm 
8.00  pm 


.Sacramento 
.Junction.... 
.Marysville... 

.Tehama 

.Red  Bluff... 


111.20  A  M 
2.10  AM 
4.15  PM 
1.25  PM 
8.45am 
5.20  p  M 
Leave  go 
&  Red  Bluff. 

Arrive  from  North 
*4.45  pm 

3.25  P  N 
12.00  M 

5.30  A  M 


ng  "West. 


1.05  P  M 
12,15  pm 
10.20  AM 
6.50  am 
6  00  AM  . 
Leave  going  South 

San   Francisco,  "Vallejo    &   Calistoga. 

Leave  going  Northi  I  Arrive  from  Worth 

•4.00  p  Ml     7.30  am...  .San  Francisco. .      8.00  r  Mi*12.15  p  m 

6.30  PM     9.3D  ami.  ...Vallejo 6.05  pm    10.30  pm 

7.28pm    10.40AM|....Nupa 4.M)pm      9.31)  pm 

9.10pm!    1.00  p  M    ...Calistoga 3.00  pm|    8.00  am 

Arrive  from  South|  |Leave  going  South 

San  Francisco,  "Vallejo  &  Knight's  Landing: 


Leave  going  East. 
t7.30  AMI  *4.U0pm 
9.35am  6.35pm 
12.05  pm  10.10  P 
LOOP  Ml  11.45  P_ 
Arrive  from  West. 


[Arrive  from  East. 
..San  Francisco..  "R15PMI  18.00pm 

..Vallejo 10.30  pm      6.05pm 

,  .Davis 7.10  p  M     3.3-'  r  M 

..Knight'BLand'g     5.30  a  m|    2.30  pm 

|  Leave  going  West. 


San  Francisco  &  Healdsburg;. 


•7.10  AM 
8.20  am 
9.45am 

10.20 


4.35  pm 
5.00  pm 
6.00  P  M 
6.45  P  M 


Arrive  from  South 
Stockton 


•11.25  AM 
11,52  am 

12.42  P  M 
1.32  p  M 


1  Arrive  trom  North. 
•11.00  am 
8.45  am    *5.35pm: 
,.,    8.21)  AM      5.00fm 

..SaoUiRosa 7.30am      3.30pm 

...Healdaburg 6.45am     2.00pm 

'Leave  going  South 
Milton   &   Oak  Dale. 

Arrive  from  South 


...Stockton. 
...C.P.R.R.  Depot. 

...Peters 

..  .Milton 


i  DESIGNING/  AND  ENGRAVING 
I  on  wood  and  for  electrotype  cuts 
of  every  description,  done  by  supe- 
rior artists  at  the  office  of  the 
SCIENTIFIC  PRESS.  Fine  Cuts 
made  for  Book  and  Newspaper 
Illustrations,  and  for  Fancy  Labels  for  printing  in 
various  colors;  Monograms,  Seals,  etc,  eto.  Prompt 
execution  and  reasonable  prices. 


ENGRAVING 
ON  WOOD 


COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Pbess  can  be  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  and  best  information  on  mining  and 
the  industry  of  this  coast  of  any  work  published. 

AIbo — Bound  volumes  of  the  Pacific  Ritual"  Pbebb 
furnished  at  same  rates  from  ltB  commencement. 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 


WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 


Dupont'B  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre),  F-FF 
FFF. 

Dupont's  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

Dupont'B  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nob.  1,  2, 
3  and  i,  in  1  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

Dupont's  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegB,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

Duponfe  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-Fg-Fg,  in  kegs,  half  kegs 
and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  J$  lb.,  and  H  lb.  canisterB. 

Dupont's  Superior  Rifle,  F-FF-FFF,  in  kegs,  half 
kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  J$  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

Dupont's  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

"Winchester  Repeating  Arms  (HeDry's  Improved) 
and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines — Oiled  Stocks. 

MuBkets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  these  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  the 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  armB. 


A  PULL  AND  COMPLETE   STOCK 

—  OF  THE— 
Above  Pfauaecl  Merchandise 

Always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKIMMER,  Sole  Agent, 

6v24-6m-lamr  108  Battery  street,  8.  F. 


I     1.14  PML 

Arrive  from  Northl 

CAL.  P.  R. 

Leave  going  East,  i 
•4.00  PM    "M.OOpmI. 


"■U5PMI. 
3.52 via  . 
3.02  pm, 
2.12pm!  , 


Leave  going  IV 

R.  CO.'S  STEAMtRS. 


2.00  AM 
Arrive  from  West. 


..San  Francisco. . 

..Vallejo 

..Benicia 

..Stockton. 

..Sacramento 


Arrive  from  East. 

*8.0U  P  M 

6.00  r  m 

5.00  TM 


Explanation. 


...  12.00  m. 
Leave  going  West. 


For  trains  running  "from"  Sun  Francisco,  take  the  left 
hand  columns  and  read  downwards. 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  hand  columns  and  read  upwards. 

OAKLAND  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Jj'iiancibco,  7  00. 
8  10,  9  2',  1U  10  and  1120  a.  m„  12  10,  1  50,  3  00,  4  00,  5  15,630,  8  06 
9.20  and  *11  30  p.  in.     (9  20,  11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn.  "5  30,  G  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5  40,  6  50,  8  00,  9  10,  10  00,  and  11 10  a. 
m.,  1200,  1  40.  2  .50,  3  50.  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  11 15  a.  m..  1  30.  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  Ou  p.  m.  (7  20, 11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 
Leave  HaYWjrds,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  in.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 
Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m.,  130, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 
'Sundays  excepted.        +  Sundays  only. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  PaBs'gr  and  Ticket  Agt.  Gen'l  Supt. 


THE     FACTS*! 

There  appeared  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  February 
10th  and  24th,  1872,  over  the  signature  of  Treadwell  & 
Co.,  an  advertisement  of  the  Blake  Steam  Pump  which 
readB  as  follows:  '"  The  Blake  Pump  was  awarded  a 
Silver  Medal  at  the  last  Exhibition  of  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute, San  Francisco,  and  State  Fair  at  Sacramento,  as 
being  the  best  Steam  Pumps  on  exhibition;"  which, 
permit  me  to  say,  is  a  LIE,  and  Beery  &  Place  know  it. 

The  Official  Report,  Class  7,  Page  b"3,  of  the  last  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair  of.  San  Francisco  reads  in  this 
wise:  "  In  the  foregoing  trials  It  appears  that  the  most 
efficient  Pump  on  exhibition  is  the  Knowles.  The  work- 
manship on  this  Pump  is  also  very  good.  We  would 
therefore  recommend  that  this  Pump  receive  a  Silver 
Medal.     Diploma  awarded." 

[Signed  by  the  Committee.)  GEO.  W.  DICKEY,  H.  B. 
ANGELL,  CHAS.  R.  STEIGER,  W.  EPPELSHEIMER, 
MELVILLE  ATWOOD. 

The    Knowles  Pump  was  awarded  a  Diploma  and 
Silver  Medal  at  the  last  State  Fair  at  Sacramento. 
A.  Ii.  FISH,  Agent, 
Knowles'  Patent  Steam  Pump,  No.  9  First  st., 

9v234w-bp-16p  San  Francisco. 


H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting   and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  PumpB. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


$1,000   REWARD 

For  any  case  of  Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
Piles  that  De  BLNG'S  PILE  REMEDY  fails  to  cure.  It 
la  prepared  expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing  else, 
and  has  cured  cases  of  over  20  years  standing.  Sold  by 
all  Druggists.  Price,  $1.00. 
8v24-ly  C.  F.  RICHARDS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

Cor.  Clay  and  SanBome  streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 


manufacturer  of 


Patent  Tooth  Circular 


Saws. 


They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in   every  respect: 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


milled 
BAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  ROTTER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 


Hubbard,    Lippincott,    Bakewell   &    Co., 


apNEVys 


ii&fe 


MANUFACTURERS. 

/,  E.  Emerson's  Ne*  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  are  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lippencott  tfi 
iidlle's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  o 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbaud  Bbo.  &  Co.  and  Lippencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADEF. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  will  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  ourGoodB 
at  the 

Lowest   Market  Prices, 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

10"  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  addreBS 

HUBBARD,  LIPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
mall-lGp-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MAGAZINES. 

F.  An 

$4  00 

300 

5  00 

600 
15  00 

All  the  Year  Round.. 

W.  E.  LOOMIS, 
News  Dealer 

AND  STATIONEB, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

SUPPLIEB   ALL 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BT  THE 

Tear,  Month,  or  Number, 


MINING    BUREAU 


— OF  THE— 


Pacific   Coast. 


Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Consulate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Building),  Room  32,  Thirdfloor. 

J.  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.  Hotchtns,  secretary. 

N.  B. — Application  for  Registry,  ^r  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary, Son  Francisco  office. 


BY    BEWJCY    A    CO. 

I'. II.      Ml         >olUI((M-<. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  9,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
Pi  umber    lO. 


An  Improved  Portable  Sawmill. 

Our  illustration  represents  one  of  F.  A. 
Huntington's  improved  portable  sawmills, 
which  is  made  so  as  to  bo  conveniontly 
moved  from  place  to  place  as  the  exigen- 
cies of  lumber  supply  may  require.  It  is 
a  California  devico  which  fills  a  want  in 
machinery  for  tho  pioneer  districts  of  this 
Coast  which  cannot  be  supplied  by  Eastern 
manufacturers.  In  mountainous  districts 
these  mills  are  very  desirable,  for  as  a  gen- 
eral thing  it  is  much  easier  to  move  the 
mill  to  tho  timber,  than  the  timber  to  the 
mill,  unless  of  course,  the  location  is  by 
the  side  of  a  stream  which  furnishes  suffi- 
cient water  to  float  down  logs.  It  is  the 
more  desirable  on  this  coast  from  the  fact 
that  in  those  portions  of  the  mountains 
where  sufficient  snow  falls  for  sledging  it 
usually  lies  in  too  great  depths  and  of  too 
soft  a  nature  to  admit  of  contin- 
ued sledging,  there  being  compar- 
atively few  freezing  days  through- 
out ourmild  winters.  Our  streams 
are  very  low  in  summer  and  un- 
managable  for  floating  timber 
during  most  of  the  winter. 

Many  of  our  early  California 
towns  were  built  almost  entirely 
of  shakes,  which  are  now  largely 
resorted  to  where  lumber  is  diffi- 
cult to  proenro,  and  where  these 
portable  machines  are  then  very 
useful  in  furnishing  the  necessary 
flooring,  etc.  A  mill  of  this  kind 
may  be  run  either  by  steam  or 
horse  power  as  may   be   desired. 

They  are  built  in  the  strongest, 
most  durable  and  workmanlike 
manner,  and  are  capable  of  driv- 
ing any  size  saw  np  to  64  inches. 
They  are  furnished  with  improved 
friction  feed  and  gig  back,  both  being 
operated  by  the  same  lever,  no  bolt  being 
used  to  gig  back.  The  capacity  for  cut- 
ting is  from  8,000  to  12,000  feet  per  day 
with  15-horse  power.  They  are  bolted  to- 
gether so  as  to  be  easily  taken  apart  for 
transportation  and  may  be  set  again  with 
equal  facility.  Mr.  F.  A.  Huntington,  the 
maker,  No.  18  Fremont  street,  in  this  city, 
also  builds  Bteam  engines,  planing  mills, 
lath  and  picket  machines,  shingle  machines, 
etc.,  a  class  of  home  manufactures  very 
desirable  on  this  coast  where  lumber  is  so 
plentiful  and  good.  His  shingle  machines 
are  not  excelled  by  any  in  practical  use 
in  the  United  States  (or  the  world  even) , 
so  far  as  we  are  informed. 


Ah  Act  to  Enforce  tiie  KEsroNsnirLiTY 
or  Stockholders. — A  bill  was  introduced 
into  the  Assembly  on  the  17th  alt.,  by  Mr. 
Gray,  which  is  designod  to  enforce  the 
responsibility  of  stockholders  in  corpora- 
tions as  prescribed  by  the  constitution  and 
to  provide  for  the  prompt  payment  of  de- 
mands against  such  corporations.  It  pro- 
vides that  each  stockholder  of  an  incorpo- 
ration created  under  the  general  laws  of  this 
State,  shall  be  held  individually  response 
for  his  proportion  of  all  its  debts  and 
liabilities  according  to  the  amount  of  stock 
held  by  him;  the  term,  stockholder,  apply- 
ing not  only  to  such  persons  as  appear  by 
the  books  to  be',  such,  but  also  to  every 
equitable  owner  of  stock  although  the 
same  may  appear  on  such  books  in  the 
name  of  another  person.  This  applies  to 
guardians  of  minors  and  also  to  every 
guardian  or  other  trustee  who  voluntarily 


The  Geological  Survey. 

The  bill  providing  for  tho  continuance 
of  the  State  Geological  Survey  for  two 
years,  and  appropriating  the  sum  of  $2,000 
per  month  to  carry  it  on,  which  had  pre- 
viously passed  tho  House,  passed  the  Sen- 
ate on  tho  4th  inst.  by  a  voto  of  36  to  2. 
The  final  passage  of  thlB  important  bill  is 
highly  gratifying  to  all  scientists  on  this 
Coast  and  elsewhere,  as  well  as  to  every 
intelligent  man  who  desires  the  dissemina- 
tion of  useful  information.  We  have  fre- 
quently commented  upon  the  practical 
utility  of  the  Survey,  and  its  importance 
to  the  miners  and  agriculturists  as  well  as 
to  the  general  public,  for  the  reason  that 
it  is  an  earnest  investigation  by  able  brains 
and  skillful  hands,  of  the  material  re- 
sources of  the  State.  The  maps  now  in 
hand  will  be  worth  much  more  to  the  peo- 


P0RTABLE    SAWMILL. 


The  Mining;  Corporation  Act. — Infor- 
mation is  desired  as  to  what  has  become 
of  the  Mining  Incorporation  Bill,  which 
passed  the  Assembly  some  weeks  since. 
Its  long  rest  is  ominous.  Is  there  any  ob- 
jection to  giving  the  partial  protection  to 
stockholders,  which  this  bill  contemplates  ? 


The  new  iron  draw  of  the  bridge  across 
the  Mississippi  river  at  Winona,  Min- 
nesota, is  said  to  be  one  of  the  longest 
draws  in  the  world,  being  360  feet  in 
length. 


invests  any  trust  funds,  such  funds  not  be- 
ing liable  under  the  provisions  of  the  Act, 
but  the  guardian  or  other  trustee  making 
the  investment,  to  be  held  responsible  as  a 
stockholder  until  such  responsibility  de- 
volves upon  the  person  beneficially  inter- 
ested therein,  by  reason  of  their  becoming 
competent  and  able  to  control  and  dispose 
of  the  same.  In  respect  to  stock  held  by 
a  guardian  or  other  trustee,  under  a  trans- 
fer by  a  third  person  or  his  orders,  the 
person  giving  the  directions  shall  be  re- 
responsible,  with  certain  exceptions. 

Water  Eights. — A  publio  meeting  was 
held  at  Placerville  on  the  23d  ult. ,  where 
resolutions  were  passed  requsting  the  Leg- 
islature to  define  j  "  water  rights,  "  which, 
when  held  in  accordance  with  judicial  de- 
cisions and  local  laws  and  customs  are  de- 
clared by  Congress  to  be  vested  rights, 
which  must  be  protected.  Parties  have  in 
many  places  claimed  water  with  an  avowed 
purpose  of  using  it  for  mining  or  agricul- 
tural operations  and  have  made  no  use  of  it, 
while  others,  who  really  need  it  are  afraid 
to  appropriate  it  for  fear  of  litigation.  The 
terms  should  be  clearly  defined  and  parties 
who  have  a  nominal  ownership,  be  re- 
quired to  make  use  of  the  water  aocording 
to  law  or  release  their  title  to  those  who 
need  it. 


pie  than  the  value  of  the  appropriation , 
and  the  work  done  upon  them  would  have 
been  lost  if  the  Survey  had  not  been 
carried  on. 

The  Governor  will  no  doubt  sign  this 
bill,  as  the  almost  unanimous  vote  by 
which  it  passed,  fairly  represents  the 
wishes  of  the  people.  Professor  Whitney 
and  his  able  corps  of  assistants  have  la- 
bored assiduously  in  carrying  out  the 
plans  of  the  Survey  and  their  work  speaks 
for  itself.  When  the  map  representing 
the  extent  and  location  of  the  auriferous 
gravel  beds  of  this  State  is  given  to  the 
public,  that  alone  will  prove  the  value  of 
the  Survey  and  the  amount  of  work  accom- 
plished. The  continuance  of  the  Survey 
will  increase  the  stock  of  scientific  knowl- 
edge and  benefit  all  the  people  of  the 
State. 


An  Arizona  mining  expedition  is  being 
organized.at  Denver,  Col.,  under  G.  W. 
Graham.  It  is  to  be  under  military  rules, 
each  member  furnishing  a  breech  loader, 
and  revolver;  50  pounds  of  baggage  al- 
lowed. 

A  manueaotorx  of  sj  ools  in  Foxcrof t, 
Maine,  employs  50  hands.  The  company 
recently  bought  1,200  acres  of  timber  to 
convert  into  spools. 


California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

The  regular  semi-monthly  meeting  of 
the  Academy  was  held  on  Monday  evening 
last,  Professor  Kellogg  in  the  chair.  Sev- 
eral new  members  were  proposed.  A 
letter  accepting  the  Presidency  of  the 
Academy  was  received  from  Prof.  George 
Davidson.  A  number  of 
Donations 
Were  made  to  the  library,  among  them  a 
German  pamphlet  on  the  subject  of  Aus- 
tralian ants,  and  several  communications 
on  scientific  subjects.  Mr.  Hanks  pre- 
sented to  the  cabinet  a  fine  specimen  of 
brown  jasper  taken  from  a  large  vein  of 
the  same  material  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Murphy's  Camp.  He  also  presented  a 
specimen  of  tourmaline. 

The  Transit  of  Venus. 
Communications  were  received  from 
Prof.  Davidson  and  Bear-Admiral 
Sands  of  the  National  Observa- 
tory, in  relation  to  the  necessity 
of  Congressional  appropriaton  for 
scientific  observations  of  the  tran- 
sit of  Venus  across  the  disk  of 
the  sun,  which  will  take  place  in 
1874.  The  principal  European 
Governments  have  taken  steps  in 
the  matter,  and  the  United  States 
should  also  cooperate  in  a  work 
so  important  to  astronomical  sci- 
ence. The  secretary  stated  that 
he  had  already  succeeded  in 
getting  a  number  of  signatures  of 
prominent  scientists  on  this  Coast, 
asking  the  necessary  appiopria- 
tion.  The  President  and  Secre- 
tary were  authorized  to  sign  the 
memorial  for  the  Academy. 
Shell  Mounds. 
B.  E.  C.  Stearns  gave  the  result 
of  his  observation  of  the  numerous  shell 
mounds  in  Florida,  particularly  in  the 
neighborhood  of  De  Soto's  supposed  land- 
ing ,where  there  were  two  classes  of  mounds, 
earth  mounds  and  shell  mounds.  The 
earth  or  burial  mounds  contain  but  few 
shells.  The  shell  mounds  were  composed 
of  alternate  layers  of  shells  and  ashes, 
which  alternation  he  accounted  for  by  the 
periodical  visits  of  the  Indians  and  their 
burning  of  grass,  and  then  throwing  over 
fresh  deposits  of  shells.  In  connection 
with  this  he  incidentally  investigated  the 
subject  of  the  reported  abundance  of  pearls 
in  Florida  in  the  fresh  water  mollusks 
which  are  referred  to  in  the  works  descrip- 
tive of  the  visits  of  De  Soto.  His  experi- 
ence was  to  the  effect  that  the  fresh 
water  mollusks  yielded  no  pearls  of  size  or 
value.  In  the  earth  or  burial  mounds  he 
found  arrow  heads  of  chalcedony  and  frag- 
ments of  pottery. 

Dr.  Gibbons  gave  the  views  of  a  writer 
who  advanced  the  theory  that  the  mound 
works  being  similar  over  the  world,  their 
origin  should  be  attributed  to  the  same 
race.  Mr.  Wetmore  referred  to  some  in- 
teresting developments  made  in  the  shell 
mounds  in  South  America.  Judge  Hastings 
also  spoke  on  the  same  subject. 

The  discussion  of  tho  subject  of  aerolites 
was  postponed  until  next  meeting,  and  the 
Academy  adjourned. 


146 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  9,  1872. 


Correspondence. 


Mining  at  West  Point. 

Eds.  Pbess: — "West  Point  is  in  Calaveras 
Co.,  California,  a  quartz-mining  town  be- 
tween the  Middle  and  North  fort  of  the  Mo- 
kelumne river,  eastward  from  Mokelumne 
Hill,  and  16  miles  by  stage  road;  its  eleva- 
tion is  about  2,800  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
climate  is  good  and  but  little  snow  falls 
during  the  winter  season.  The  bed-rock  is 
granite,  the  lodes  are  narrow  and  in  most 
cases  rich  in  gold  and  sulphurets,  and 
are  found  to  increase  in  width  as  they  go 
down  to  the  depth  of  100  to  300  feet. 
Mining  and  milling  at  one  time  seemed  to 
be  two  separate  occupations,  but  of  late 
they  work  to  much  better  advantage  con- 
jointly. This  section  of  country  has  been 
worked  by  Mexicans,  who,  as  a  general 
thing,  hunt  for  rich  pockets  and  those 
near  the  surface.  They  seldom  go  deeper 
than  50  feet,  and  when  they  find  water  or 
blasting  ground  they  give  up  the  claim 
and  go  after  new  deposits.  In  early  days 
there  were  upwards  of  100  men  engaged  in 
this  class  of  mining  as  their  regular  busi- 
ness. 

Quartz  Mines. 
In  the  neighborhood  of  West  Point  there 
are  quite  a  number  of  good  quartz  mines 
being  opened  and  prospected,  some  of 
which  have  been  idle  for  years  until  this 
season,  one  great  advantage  being  that 
most  of  them  can  be  worked  and  put  in 
a  paying  condition  with  a  small  outlay  by 
the  owners. 

Last  summer  the  little  town  of  West 
Point  was  extremely  dull  and  the  store- 
keepers were  anxiously  looking  for  some 
one  to  purchase  their  goods,  but  now  a 
change  has  come;  the  blacksmith  has 
plenty  of  work  and  the  stores  have  orders 
for  miles  around,  which  keeps  them  busy 
packing  their  goods  to  the  newly  opened 
mines. 

Since  the  advent  of  A.   Bateman,  Esq., 
who  took  hold  of  the  splendid  property 
known  as  the  Zacetara  mine,  at  Skull  Flat, 
and  made  it  a  success,  it   seemed  to  have 
inspired  others  with  confidence  that  West 
Point  will  soon  come  out,  redeem  itself, 
and  take  its   stand  among  the  prominent 
quartz  districts  of  the  State. 
The  Bartolo  Mine 
Being  superintended  and  worked  by  the 
energetic  J.   A.    Lefoy,  Esq.,  stands  well, 
and  will  be  a  good  property.     The  record 
of  this  mine  is  extremely  good.  It  is  being 
worked  by  shaft. 
There  is  also  the 

Paine  and  Mexican  Mine, 
One  and  a  half  miles  from  West  Point, 
which  has  a  good  reputation  and  is  being 
opened  by  means  of  a  tunnel,  and  which 
promises  to  soon  show  some  rich  develop- 
ments. This  mine  is  to  be  worked  by  a 
San  Francisco  company. 
We  are  in  hopes  soon  to  see  the  famous 
Billy  Williams  Mine 
In  working  order,  it  having  been  lying 
idle  for  some  time.  This  mine  has  a  tun- 
nel in  to  pay  rock,  the  ledge  showing 
ore  of  a  first-class  character  of  from  13 
inches  to  2  feet  in  width,  and  will  only 
require  a  small  outlay  to  make  it  a  paying 
institution.  It  is  situated  one  mile  from 
the  Zacetara  mine. 

We  were  told  of  a  new  location  a  short 
distance  from  town  on  the  North  Fork  of 
the  Mokelumne  river  known  as  the 
Woodland  Mine. 
It  was  discovered  by  Mr.  Geo.  L. 
Swan  of  this  place,  and  purchased,  and 
worked  by  a  San  Francisco  company;  it 
makes  a  good  showing.  They  have  a  tun- 
nel in  100  feet  with  good  walls  and  a  well 
defined  ledge;  they  have  passed  over  two 
chimneys  which  carry  paying  quartz  in 
quantity.  The  ore  shows  free  gold  in 
small  quantities,  and  will  all  pay  a  hand- 
some profit  for  milling.  The  dump  pile 
shows  from  40  to  50  tons  of  good  ore. 

The  Eagle  Mine, 
Just  across  the  river,  which  is  the  dividing 
line  between  the  two  counties,  is  a  good 
paying  property.  Mr.  J.  B.  Pine  is  su- 
perintendent and  owner  with  parties  in 
San  Francisco.  This  mine  has  been 
worked  by  Mexicans  in  years  past,  who 
did  not  go  deep  or  through  the  hard  gran- 
ite rock,  and  as  they  were  discouraged  with 


the  result,  Mr.  Pine  purchased  the  mine 
and  continued  the  tunnel  through  the 
hard  granite,  and  is  now  in  some  280  feet 
with  a  fine  ledge  of  3  feet  in  width  show- 
ing rich  sulphurets  and  free  gold.  The 
last  crushing  made  about  the  1st  of  Feb- 
ruary resulted  in  a  clean  up  at  the  rate  of 
$65  per  ton.  This  mine  has  a  10-stamp 
mill  on  the  bank  of  the  river  which  is  run 
by  water  power.  The  ledge  on  which  the 
Eagle  mine  is  located  has  been  traced 
across  the  Mokelumne  into  Calaveras 
county  for  a  distance  of  four  miles,  and 
the  Woodland  mine  spoken  of  above  is 
considered  to  be  on  the  same  ledge  as  is 
also  the  Harris  mine. 

Then  there  is  the  Brown  mine  on  the 
same  side,  which  is  being  worked  by  a 
San  Francisco  company,  and  bids  fair  to  be 
a  good  investment  with  a  small  expendi- 
ture of  money;  they  have  a  well  defined 
ledge  of  1Yi  feet  which  they  are  working 
through  an  open  cut. 

The  mining  laws  of  West  Point  give  200 
feet  on  a  vein  to  a  claim  and  require  one 
days  work  every  month  to  hold  it. 

"Crooks'." 

West  Point,  Feb.  21. 

Ophir,  Utah  Territory. 

Editors  Press: — In  every  issue  of  the 
Press  I  notice  items  gleaned  from  the  Salt 
Lake  Tribune  treating  on  the  different  dis- 
tricts of  this  Territory,  Ophir  getting  its 
share  of  notice  of  course.  But  I  seldom  see 
an  Ophir  letter.  In  behalf  of  the^interest  of 
your  many  readers  who  have  never  visited 
this  camp, — miners,  those  who  have  inter- 
ests here  and  others — I  will  give  a  descrip- 
tion of 

Oquirrh  Range 
And  its  districts.  Oquirrh  is  a  district 
range,  though  only  about  50  miles  in  ex- 
tent, flanked  with  the  Wahsatch  range  on 
the  east,  and  the  West  mountains  on  the 
west;  with  20  miles  miles  width  of  valley 
intervening  on  each  side. 

To  convey  to  the  reader  a  more  definite 
idea  of  the  location  of  the  several  districts 
and  towns,  I  will  make  Salt  Lake  City  the 
starting  point.  Leaving  the  city  from  its 
west  side,  crossing  over  Jordan  bridge, 
and  continuing  in  a  "southwesterly  direc 
tion  for  13  miles,  brings  us  to  Chambers's 
place,  at  the  north  end  of  the  mountain;  3 
miles  of  up  grade  now  brings  us  on  the 
west  side  of  the  range  and  in  full  view  of 
Great  Salt  Lake— a  few  more  miles  and 
the  town  of  "E.  T.," — thence  to  Tooele, 
(dinner  station),  the  county  seat  of 
Tooele  county,  distance  from  Salt  Lake 
City  28  miles.  Up  the  Canon  back 
(east)  of  the  town  is  Tooele  district; 
no  mining  of  consequence  is  going 
on  here.  On  the  east  side  of  the 
range,  nearly  opposite  to  this  district,  is 
Bingham  Canon;  distance  from  Salt  Lake 
City  about  27  miles;  direction  south,  and 
the  only  district  on  the  west  side  of  the 
range.  From  Tooele  a  few  miles  and  we 
lose  sight  of  Salt  Lake,  but  only  to  come 
in  view  of  Stockton  Lake;  to  Stockton,  10 
miles.  All  of  this  distance  by  the  old 
overland  road,  and  all  the  way  quite  pic- 
turesque. Stockton  is  a  pleasantly  situ- 
ated town;  its  smelters  and  hardy  men  give 
the  first  evidence  of  a  mining  town  commu- 
nity. It  is  one  of  the  oldest,  if  not  the 
oldest  district  in  the  Territory.  They  have 
apparently  well  defined  ledges,  though 
generally  low  grade.  From  here  we  go 
up,  up,  up  past  the  mouth  of  Dry  Canon, 
to  East  Canon  9%  miles.  Here  we  en- 
counter mills,  smelters  and  arastras  until 
we  reach 

Ophir, 

Two  and  one  half  miles  further  up.  Ophir 
is  a  mining  town,  but  includes  among  its 
450  inhabitants  some  very  fine  families. 
This  district  takes  in  three  canons:  East, 
Dry,  (on  the  north)  and  Silverado  (on 
the  south  side) .  It  contains  more  mines, 
and  in  a  greater  variety,  than  any  other; 
but  having  been  struck,  as  they  were,  by 
a  class  of  poor  and  inexperienced  miners, 
it  is  sadly  wanting  in  development,  yet 
many  of  the  mines  are  developed  suffi- 
ciently to  prove  that  we  have  defined  leads 
and  vast  bodies  of  rich  ores. 

I    will    mention  some  of  our  mines  at 
another  time.     In 

Dry  Canon 
Some  very  good  mines  are  opening  up. 
Several   heavy   companies  are  carrying  on 
mining  to   quite  an  extent.     Some  of  our 
best  base  and  best  chloride  leads  are  here. 

On  Silverado  Hills 
Have  been  found  the  richest  ores  in  the 


country;  though,  as  is  usually  the  case, 
they  have  not  extended  to  any  depth;  there 
is  now,  however,  a  chance  of  an  exception 
to  this  rule,  as  one  of  the  Silverado  mines 
abounds  in  hornsilver  at  the  depth  of  50 
feet.    Six  miles  from  Ophir  brings  us  to  ■ 

Camp  Floyd 
District,  which  also  abounds  in  rich  ores. 
There  is  another  small  district  at  the  ter- 
minus of  the  range.  These  canons  all  cut 
the  range  at  a  right  angle  and  run  up  in 
an  easterly  direction. 

The  Mineral  Belt. 

From  the  extreme  south  nearly  to  the 
north  end,  seems  to  be  a  continuous  min- 
eral belt  varying  in  width  from  1  to  4  miles. 
From  the  middle  of  the  south  end  of  the 
range  wood  is  plenty,  and  will  be  for  years 
to  come,  for  all  milling  and  smelting  pur- 
poses. Dp  the  canon  a  few  miles  above 
Ophir,  is  plenty  of  lumber  of  fair  qual- 
ity. Water  is  plenty  and  very  good.  Thus, 
you  see,  Nature  has  anticipated  and  kindly 
supplied  our  wants. 

Our  mills  and  smelters  are  nearly  all 
closed  at  the  present  time.  Walker  Bro.'s 
mill  has  a  large  quantity  of  ore  and  wood 
on  hand  and  contemplate  a  long  run.  The 
English  Company  are  making  preparations 
fora  heavy  season's  business,  judging  from 
indications. 

Old  winter  has  been  very  severe,  but  its 
white  locks  are  growing  "beautifully  less" 
and  he  is  dying  a  natural  death. 

Ltjdlow. 

Ophir,  Feb.  21st. 

Banner  District,  San  Diego  County. 

Editors  Press: — A  few  items  from  this 
place  may  be  interesting  to  the  readers  of 
your  journal.  The  present  actual  mining 
population  is  about  150.  There  are  three 
quartz  mills,  two  of  them  run  by  steam 
power  and  the  other  by  water.  There  are 
two  boarding  houses,  three  stores  and  three 
saloons.  Ten  mines  are  at  present  taking 
out  quartz,  and  a  number  of  other  Cos.  are 
sinking  shafts  and  running  tunnels.  Cord- 
wood  is  worth  $3.50  and  $4.00,  delivered  at 
the  mills;  mining  timbers,  12  and  22  cents 
per  lineal  foot  delivered  at  the  mines; 
lagging,  14  cents  each,  delivered.  Lum- 
ber scarce,  $60  and  $70.  They  charge  at 
the  mill  for  crushing  rock  $7  and  $10  per 
ton.  There  is  plenty  of  water  all  the  year 
round  for  milling  purposes. 
The  Mines. 

The  Golden  Chariot  mine  has  let  a  con- 
tract to  sink  a  shaft  100  feet  deep;  I  do 
not  know  the  figures.  This  Co.  is  having 
45  tons  of  rock  worked  at  the  McMechan 
mill  which  is  expected  to  pay  largely;  the 
last  rock  worked  from  this  mine  paid  $182 
per  ton. 

The  Bedman  Co.  have  leased  the  Bailey 
mine  and  have  a  force  of  men  getting 
out  rock,  which  will  keep  the  mill  running 
steadily.  At  the  Kentuck  mine  the  ledge 
looks  well  at  present,  the  last  two  crush- 
ings  averaged  about  $50  per  ton. 

The  Madden  mine  is  producing  better 
rock  than  at  any  previous  time  since  its 
discovery. 

The  Antelope  Co.  struck  the  ledge  in 
the  cross  drift  two  days  ago;  the  quartz 
looks  very  well,  and  a  wide  vein  is  in 
sight. 

The  tunnel  of  the  Big  Blue  Co.  was  in 
yesterday  280  feet.  There  has  been  50  or  60 
tons  of  rock  worked  from  this  location, 
paying  $112  per  ton;  there  is  no  defined 
lead,  but  bodies  of  quartz  here  and  there 
in  pockets  and  nodules,  apparently  having 
no  connection  and  lying  in  all  conceivable 
shapes.  It  is  possible  these  nodules  are 
all  from  one  chimney,  but  it  has  not  yet 
been  found. 

Wilson's  steam'stamp  mill  started  up 
day  before  yesterday,  and  works  admira- 
bly. Quartz. 


swindles. '  I  set  to  work  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble, explained  all,  and  gave  the  whole  af- 
fair as  good  a  character  as  I  could,  but 
found  plainly  in  about  ten  days  that  this 
mine  business  is  so  utterly  run  into  the 
ground  in  London,  and  such  an  outra- 
geous amount  of  swindles  passed  off  of 
late,  that  it  was  sheer  waste  of  time  to  try 
it  any  further.  I  had  from  excellent  au- 
thority thatpressing  the  matter  now  would 
be  useless,  as  people  would  not  touch 
American  mines  on  any  account. 

"  We  were  just  two  months  too  late. 
Some  man  in  particular  has  floated  quite  a 
number  lately,  many  of  which  are  quite 
worthless.  People  are  not  only  shy  but 
indignant,  and  you  see  a  broad  grin  steal- 
ing over  their  faces,  when  you  mention 
the  word  "mine."  In  fact,  I  think  I 
could  at  present  sell  the  most  barren  por- 
tion of  the  Sierras  for  Agricultural  pur- 
poses more  easily  than  the  best  mine  on 
the  Pacific  Coast." 


Our  Mines  on  the  London  Market. 

The  Alta  takes  the  following  extract 
from  a  private  letter  written  by  a  gentle- 
man who  left  here  for  London  early  in 
December  last,  with  the  intention  of 
placing  one  of  our  California  mines  on  the 
English  market: 

"  I  had  on  reaching  London  (on  the  3d,) 
first-class  letters  of  introduction  to  many 
of  the  leading  houses  in  the  mining  busi 
ness,  and  after  making  inquiry  I  decided 
not  to  use  a  number  of  them,  as  this 
kind  of  investment  is  in  such  bad  odor 
that  it  is  rather  throwing  away  weight  to 
make  use  of  people  who  do  not  understand 
that  some  of  our  American  mines  are  not 


Characteristics  of  Mineral  Veins. 

Prof.  Smyth  in  one  of  his  recent  lectures 
before  the  Koyal  school  of  Mines  in  Lon- 
don, remarked  as  follows: 

One  of  the  most  important  questions 
connected  with  the  deposit  of  minerals  in 
true  lodes  is  whether  the  country  or  rocks 
in  which  they  occur  produce  any  effect  on 
their  metallic  character.  If  we  take  the 
opinions  of  the  most  practical  and  observ- 
ant miners  of  different  districts  we  shall 
find  that  they  lay  stress  not  only  on  the 
facts  that  ores  of  particular  sorts  are  found 
in  certain  rocks,  but  much  more  than  that, 
for  they  say  that  ores  in  abundance  are  to 
be  met  with  more  frequently  in  certain  va- 
rieties of  those  rocks.  Thus,  it  is  not 
enough  to  say  that  a  rock  is  granite,  but 
rather  what  is  its  physical  condition,  and 
in  that  respect  granite  is  extremely  varia- 
ble. Again,  it  is  important  to  know 
whether  particular  classes  of  rocks  have 
been  more  subject  than  others  to  open  and 
admit  the  minerals  introduced  into  them, 
or  whether  the  agencies  by  which  the 
minerals  were  introduced  may  themselves 
have  produced  the  changes  observable  in 
the  containing  rocks. 

Most  of  the  crystalline  or  igneous  rocks 
contain  ores  of  one  sort  or  another,  and 
also  that  granite  is  most  noticeable  of  all, 
as  being,  as  it  were,  the  great  parent  of 
tin  ores,  and  as  containing  not  unfre- 
quently  gold,  Bilver,  copper,  lead,  anti- 
mony, and  iron.  If  we  look  at  the  geolog- 
ical map  of  Cornwall  and  Devon  we  shall 
see  great  bosses,  as  it  were,  of  granite  pro- 
truding from  the  clay-slate,  and  that  all 
the  more  important  groups  of  mines  occur 
very  near  (that  is,  within  two  or  three 
miles)  to  the  edges  of  these  granite  bosses. 
Of  course,  there  are  exceptions,  but  even 
in  those  cases  it  may  be  the  granite  is  not 
far  off  below,  although  it  is  not  seen  at  the 
surface.  There  was  a  not  uncommon  im- 
pression years  ago,  and  indeed  it  is  held 
by  some  persons  even  now,  that  granite  is 
unfavorable  to  copper  ore;  but  there  are 
many  notable  examples  of  very  important 
copper  mines  in  the  granite,  and  that 
opinion,  therefore,  is  not  of  much   value. 

As  to  tin,  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the 
larger  portion  of  the  mines  for  that  metal 
are  in  the  granite  or  its  immediate  neigh- 
borhood; and  in  some  cases,  where  the 
shafts  are  sunk  on  the  killas,  they  reach 
the  granite  in  the  depth  below.  Schist, 
mica-slate,  and  clay-slate  are  all  rocks 
yielding  ores  in  large  quantities  of  differ- 
ent kinds.  Limestones  are  extremely  pro- 
ductive of  lead  ores.  Limestones  also  are 
productive  of  silver  ores  in  Chili  and  South 
Australia,  and  are  noted  generally  in  those 
countries  for  their  argentiferous  lead.  In 
this  country,  however,  the  limestones  in 
some  districts  are  important  as  producing 
iron  ores  of  an  excellent  quality;  and, 
again,  in  Belgium  and  Westphalia  they 
yield  valuable  ores  of  calamine.  In  Spain 
there  are  several  valuable  mines  of  lead  in 
a  particular  kind  of  limestones.  Syenite; 
porphyry  and  greenstone  are  all  worthy 
of  a  great  amount  of  study,  as  in  certain 
conditions  they  yield  large  quantities  of 
valuable  ores. 

The  character  of  a  lode  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  a  crossing  is  frequently  found  to 
be  greatly  different  from  that  which  is 
found  in  other  parts  of  the  same  vein,  and 
it  is  worthy  of  mention  that  the  rarest  met- 
als, such  as  cobalt  and  nickel,  as  well  as 
silver,  are  frequently  found  near  these 
crossings. 

Jesse  Meyers  leaned  against  a  shaft  re- 
volving three  hundred  times  per  minute, 
in  a  Muncy ,  Ind. ,  slaughter-house.  He  was 
undressed  in  about  ten  seconds,  but, 
strange  to  say,  he  was  not  at  all  injured. 
His  coat,  pantaloons,  and  vest  were  doubt- 
less made  of  shoddy. 


March  g,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


147 


j|ciENTiFIC    IJ'ROGRESS. 


Spiral  Leyden  Jar. 

According  to  a  writer  intbe  Philosojiliical 
Magazine,  a  spiral  Leydeu  jar  may  be  con- 
structed as  follows:  "  A  strip  of  tinfoil, 
four  feet  long,  and  eight  inches  wide,  is 
placed  in  tho  centre  of  a  strip  of  vulcan- 
ized caoutchouc  four  feet  long,  and  ono 
foot  wido,  in  such  a  way  that  at  one  end 
(say  tho  right)  thero  is  a  margin  of  four 
inches  of  caoutchouc,  and  at  the  other 
(tho  left)  four  incites  of  tinfoil.  A  second 
piece  of  caoutchouc,  of  the  same  dimen- 
sions as  tho  first,  is  placed  over  the  tifoil, 
the  ends  coinciding  with  tho  first  pieco  of 
caoutchouc.  A  second  pieco  of  tinfoil,  of 
tho  same  width  as  tho  first,  but  four  inches 
Bhorter,  is  then  laid  on  the  second  caout- 
couc,  with  its  right-hand  end  over  tho  end 
of  the  first  foil,  its  left  end  of  course  fall- 
ing four  inches  short.  A  brass  wire  with 
a  knob  is  laid  across  the  ond  of  tho  upper 
foil.  The  whole  is  then  rolled  up  from 
tho  right  end,  and  bound.  What  was  the 
lower  of  tho  two  foils  projects  between  the 
two  layers  of  caontchouc,  and  may  be  pro- 
longed around  the  circumferenco  of  tho 
roll.  It  forms  the  outer  coating,  or  earth 
surface.  What  was  tho  upper  coating  of 
foil  now  corresponds  to  the  inner  coating 
of  tho  ordinary  jar,  and  is  entirely  cov- 
ered, excepting  when  it  is  prolonged  by  tho 
wire  and  knob  at  tho  centre  of  the  roll. 
If  the  sheet  caoutchouc  be  one-eighth  of 
an  inch  in  thinkness,  a  jar  of  very  great 
electrical  capacity  is  obtained." 

An  Astronomical  Problem. — One  of 
tho  greatest  unsolved  problems  in  astron- 
omy in  our  era  is  the  combined  system  of 
movements  of  tho  stars  of  our  own  sidereal 
system.  It  is  worthy  of  the  application 
of  the  highest  talents  and  of  the  largest 
learning,  and  it  Beems  to  invite  especially 
the  devotion  of  young  men  who  may 
make  it  their  life-long  labor.  There  are  at 
least  four  aids  and  encouragements  to  un- 
dertake the  work;  first,  the  form  of  our 
sidereal  system,  which  is  a  ring  with  an  in- 
terior disk-like  stratum,  and  both  the  ring 
and  the  stratum  lie  in  the  same  plane; 
seoondly,  our  position  in  the  system, 
which,  as  already  shown,  is  near  the  cen- 
ter; thirdly,  the  origin  of  the  system  and 
its  motions,  according  to  the  nebular  the- 
ory; fourthly,  the  present  calculable'influ- 
ence  of  the  stars  on  one  another,  such  par- 
ticularly whose  distances  are  known. 

The  aid  wo  may  receive  in  the  solution 
of  this  great  problem,  from  our  position 
near  the  center  of  our  sidereal  system, 
may  be  estimated  by  our  relation  to  our 
solar  system.  How  much  more  simple 
would  the  motions  of  the  planets  appear 
from  a  central  point,  like  the  sun,  than 
from  a  half-way  position,  as  on  our  earth  ! 
Knowing,  therefore,  our  stand  point  in 
our  sidereal  system,  we  may  put  together 
the  motions  of  the  fixed  stars  with  the 
more  confidence  and  hope  of  final  success 
in  unraveling  the  great  mystery  of  their 
intricate  dance. — Ennis. 

Estimation  of  Graphite. — F.  Stolba 
communicates  the  fact  that  it  is  possible 
to  determine,  accurately  enough  for  prac- 
tical purposes,  the  percentage  of  carbon  in 
commercial  graphite  by  simple  com- 
bustion in  the  air.  He  employs  for 
this  purpose  a  simple  Bunsen  burner,  and 
announces  that  the  burning  of  a  few 
grammes  of  graphite  is  by  no  means  so 
difficult  as  is  generally  supposed.  The 
author  places  a  weighed  portion  of  the 
finely  powdered  and  dried  material  in  a 
platinum  crucible,-  having  a  punctured 
cover.  The  crucible  is  placed  over  the 
flame  in  an  inclined  position,  and  the  cover 
is  placed  so  as  to  leave  one-fourth  of  the 
same  open.  By  this  arrangement,  by 
which  a  good  draft  is  secured  within  and 
occasional  stirring  of  the  material,  a  few 
hours  completes  the  operation,  leaving 
the  ash  in  an  excellent  condition  for  fur- 
ther analysis. 

Makbleized  Glass  for  Buildings. — 
It  is  not  unlikely  that  a  new  building 
material  will  soon  be  introduced  to  the 
public,  that  promise  to  work  quite  a  revo- 
lution in  the  style  of  buildings.  A  gen- 
tleman from  New  Albany  has  invented  a 
plan  for  the  manufacture  of  marbleized 
glass  of  such  perfection  of  pattern  and 
exact  imitation  that  it  requires  the  closest 
examination  to  detect  it  from  genuine 
marble.  This  glass  can  be  made  plain, 
white  or  variegated,  to  suit  any  taste  or  re- 
quirement, the  Louisville  Ledger  says,  and 
can  be  made  from  one  to  two  inches  in 
thiokness  at  the  .New  Albany  Plate  Glass 
Works.    It  is  olaimed  that  for  ornamental 


house  fronts,  floors  or  pavements,  this 
luarbloized  glass  is  snperier  to  iuarblo  in 
durability.  It  will  maintain  its  colors, 
the;  being  indestructible.  A  patont  on 
this  invention  has,  we  understand,  been 
taken  out,  and  it  is  claimed  that  the  great 
cheapness  of  this  marbleized  glass,  as 
compared  with  marble,  will  bring  it  into 
general  use  for  house  fronts,  floors  and 
ornaments. — Chicago  Journal. 

Intkhbhttwq  Facts  wrrn  Reoard  to 
Iron  and  Cadmium.— Dr.  Schiinn  announ- 
ces that  tho  motal  cadmium  may,  under 
certain  circumstances,  be  rendered  indif- 
ferent to  tho  action  of  acids.  It  has  long 
been  known  that  iron,  if  plunged  into 
acid  of  a  certain  degree  of  concentration 
acquires  a  peculiar  surface  condition,  ren- 
dering it  indifferent  to  tho  action  of  the 
strongest'acid.  Iron  which  has  undegone 
this  surface  change  has  been  termed  pas- 
sive It  appears,  too,  that  such  iron  has 
acquired  some  peculiar  physical  qualities, 
since  it  will  form  a  galvanic  circuit  with 
ordinary  iron;  tho  changed  metal  behaving 
electrically  negative  to  the  other.  That 
such  iron  has  really  been  decidedly  al- 
tered in  character  is  evinced  again  by  the 
fact  that  it  refuses  to  reduce  copper  from 
solutions  of  its  salts. 

It  appears,  from  Dr.  Schonn's  observa- 
tion, that  if  cadmium  is  wrapped  with 
some  platinum  wire,  it  may  be  placed, 
without  being  in  the  least  acted  upon,  in 
strong  nitric  acid ;  though  if  tho  wire  sur- 
ronnding  is  romoved,  or  if  the  acid  is  di- 
luted, tho  cadmium  is  instantly  attacked, 
thus  showing  that  the  passivity  of  the  cad- 
mium is  duo  entirely  to  its  contact  with 
the  platinum.  The  same  author  has  shown 
that  tin  will  give  tho  same  phenomenon. 

Consumption  op  Smoke. — At  the  No- 
vember meeting  of  the  Scientific  and  Me- 
chanical Society  of  Manchester,  England, 
the  discussion  turned  on  smoke-consum- 
ing furnaces.  After  a  thoroughly  scien- 
tific expose  of  the  generally  accepted  the- 
ory of  smoke-consumption,  and  of  the 
hundred  and  one  inventions,  self-acting 
and  otherwise,  that  have  been  applied  for 
this  purpose,  the  practical  experience  of 
the  members  was  brought  to  bear  upon  it. 
Self-acting  apparatus  was  voted  to  be  of 
no  practical  use  whatever.  The  system  of 
admitting  air  behind  the  bridge  found  a 
few  supporters,  but  after  being  brought  to 
the  test  of  experience,  even  with  all  its 
appliances  of  hollow  fire-bars  and  perfor- 
ated bridge,  its  advantages  were  found  to  be 
very  doubtful.  The  opinion  of  the  major- 
ity of  the  members  was,  that  a  short 
dead  plate,  with  perforated  fire-door,  and  an 
efficient  stoker,  is  the  best  smoke-consum- 
ing apparatus  extant,  and  coupled  with 
plenty  of  boiler  power,  to  avoid  forcing 
the  fires. 


Action  op  Light  on  Cane  Sugar  Solu- 
tions.— M.  Eaoult  communicates  the  fact 
that  a  solution  of  cane  sugar  may  be  con- 
verted into  grape  sugar  (glucdse)  under 
the  influence  of  light.  The  observation 
was  made  in  the  following  manner: 

A  concentrated  aqueous  solution  of  cane 
sugar  was  placed  in  glass  tubes,  which 
were  sealed  while  their  contents  were  boil- 
ing. These  were  placed  near  each  other, 
under  the  same  conditions,  with  the  sole 
difference  that  one  was  kept  in  total  dark- 
ness, while  the  other  was  exposed  to  the 
bright  daylight.  Several  months  later  the 
tubes  were  examined,  when  both  solutions 
were  found,  under  the  microscope,  to  be 
free  from  vegetable  matter.  The  solution, 
however,  which  had  been  in  the  light,  at 
once  gave  an  abundant  red  precipitate 
with  a  copper  salt  on  addition  of  a  free 
alkali  (the  test  for  grape  sugar) ;  while  the 
contents  of  the  tube  kept  in  the  dark,  gave 
no  sign  of  the  reaction. 

Gas  Pokers. —It  is  only  quite  recently 
that  anything  has  been  done  to  obviate  the 
trouble  invariably  attendant  upon  kindling 
fires.  Various  fire  kindlers,  such  as  cakes 
of  rosin  and  sawdust,  etc. ,  have  been  in- 
troduced, and  found  very  serviceable:  but 
the  latest  and  most  original  effort  in  this 
direction  is  a  "gas  poker;"  simply  a  hol- 
low iron  tube,  shaped  like  a  poker,  with 
perforated  holes  in  one  extremity,  and  the 
other  arranged  with  a  flexible  tube,  of 
sufficient  length  to  connect  the  "poker," 
when  thrust  into  the  Btove  or  grate,  with 
the  nearest  gas  burner.  This  done  a 
match  will  light  the  gas,  and  in  a  few 
minutes  you  have  a  fire,  whether  of  wood 
or  coal,  without  any  trouble  or  litter.  Any 
kind  of  coal  but  anthracite  may  thus  be 
readily  lighted.  For  city  use,  or  where 
ever  gas  is  used  this  is  the  simplest  and 
most  effective  idea  yet  brought  out. 


ECHANICAL     ^ROGRESS. 


Wood  Carving  by  Machinery. 

There  seems  to  be  no  limit  to  the  adapta- 
bility of  machinery  to  the  arts,  wheth- 
er for  manufacturing  or  decorative  pur- 
poses. For  machino  carving  several  dif- 
ferent processes  have  been  devised;  none 
of  which  appear  to  be  so  simple  or  really 
artistic  as  tho  one  latest  announced, 
tho  object  of'  which  is  to  impress  upon 
wood,  by  charring  it,  any  design  however 
elaborate.  This  process  may  be  described 
substantially  as  follows: 

This  object  is  effected  by  engraving  the 
design  upon  the  face  of  hollow  iron  cylin- 
ders, tho  lines  forming  the  design  being 
left  raised  as  in  wood  engraving.  According 
to  tho  kind  of  work  required,  the  cylinders 
vary  in  size,  from  a  diameter  of  a  few 
inches  to  above  two  feet.  The  cylinder  is 
fixed  on  an  axis,  and  adjusted  by  means  of 
screws  and  a  lever  to  the  proper  distance 
from  another  cylinder,  which  is  not  en- 
graved. To  make  this  adjustment  correctly 
and  to  secure  the  uniform  rotation  of  the 
engraved  cylinder,  one  end  is  closed,  ex- 
cept the  hole  into  which  the  axis  is  screwed 
and  a  few  small  holes  to  secure  the  free 
circulation  of  air.  Two  gas  pipes  are 
passed  into  the  engraved  cylinder;  through 
one  of  these  gas  is  supplied,  and  it  is 
ignited,  the  jets  being  so  placed  that  they 
play  againBt  the  side  of  the  cylinder.  A 
second  pipe,  also  perforated  with  holes  in 
the  sides,  is  supplied  with  air,  by  means 
of  a  rapidly  revolving  fan.  By  this  means 
a  powerful  blast  is  urged  upon  the  gas 
flame,  and  a  most  energetic  blow  pipe  is 
formed.  The  gas  flames,  which  played  at 
first  steadily  against  the  side,  now  sweep 
with  a  roaring  noise  the  interior  of  the 
cylinder,  which  notwithstanding  the  mass 
of  metal,  can  be  rapidly  made  red  hot 
throughout  by  its  action. 

The  cylinder  being  sufficiently  hot  a 
smooth  board  is  pushed  between  the  two- 
cylinders  and  subjected  to  considerable 
pressure.  By  this  the  design,  which  is 
upon  the  roller,  is  pressed  and  burnt  into 
the  timber,  every  line  being  faithfully  and 
deeply  marked.  Plank  after  plank  passes 
on  through  the  rollers  in  steady  order,  so 
that  in  a  comparatively  short  time  many 
hundred  feet  may  be  thus  impressed  with 
the  pattern  on  the  cylinder. 

Where  there  is  a  continuous  pattern,  as 
for  mouldings,  the  cylinder  is  small,  and 
is,  of  course,  with  every  revolution  repeat- 
ing itself.  Where  ornamented  panels  are 
required,  the  circumference  of  the  cylin- 
der is  the  length  of  the  panel,  and  boards 
of  the  same  length  are  regularly  passed 
through,  every  one  of  them  receiving  a 
repetition  of  the  pattern.  The  heat  of  the 
cylinder  can  be  regulated  with  very  great 
nicety,  by  turning  the  gas  on  or  off,  and 
by  adjusting  the  supply  of  air  to  the  blow 
pipe. 

When  the  board  has  passed  through  the 
charring  operation,  it  passes  to  the  work- 
man, who  scrapes  it  down  over  the  entire 
surface,  so  as  to  bring  out  the  lights,  and 
produce  the  best  effects.  When  this  is 
accomplished,  the  surface  is  varnished  or 
polished  and  the  result  is  an  ornamental 
panel  or  moulding  of  the  greatest  beauty, 
and  of  remarkable  permanence. 

White  woods,  as  sycamore  and  lime, 
are  employed  for  this  work.  It  is  easy 
also,  by  this  process,  to  give  to  the  less 
expensive  varieties  of  wood  the  peculiar 
characteristics  of  the  more  expensive 
kinds;  rosewood  and  walnut  are  very  ex- 
cellently imitated,  and  upon  these  again 
any  pattern  can  be  impressed. 

The  advantages  of  this  process  appear  to 
be  the  facility  and  cheapness  with  which 
we  can  place  on  wood  the  most  artistic  de- 
signs; it  is  not  of  course  applicable  to  the 
production  of  a  single  specimen;  but, 
where  we  have  to  repeat  the  same  design, 
with  every  repetition  the  price  is  reduced. 
The  beautiful  sepia,  or  chocolate  color, 
received  by  the  woods  employed  in  the 
process  are  especially  pleasing. 
■r  Any  person  who  has  whittled  down  a 
piece  of  charred,  finegrained,  white  wood, 
will  at  once  call  to  mind  the  beautiful  and 
variegated  shades  that  can  be  readily  pro- 
duced by  cutting  more  or  less  deeply  into 
the  charred  surface. 


A  mixtuee  of  glycerine  and  litharge 
forms  a  durable  cement,  which  will  resist 
a  temperature  of  275°.  It  sets  rapidly, 
and  should  be  used  immediately  after  mix- 
ing. 


Fire-Proof  Wood  for  Buildings. 

The  destructive  lires  of  the  year  1871 
have  directed  public  attention  more 
strongly  than  ever  before  to  the  necessity 
of  more  secure  provision  against  this  dan- 
ger in  the  construction  of  our  dwellings, 
shops  and  stores.  In  the  denser  portions  of 
large  cities,  a  law  forbidding  the  erection 
of  frame  buildings  of  any  kind  is  mani- 
festly just,  and  removes  in  a  very  great 
measure  the  liability  to  wide-spread  con- 
flagrations like  that  at  Chicago.  But  in  other 
localities  in  the  suburbs  of  cities  and 
towns,  villages  and  rural  neighborhoods, 
wood  will  continue  the  ordinary  material 
for  building,  and  people  who  choose  it  for 
economical  or  other  reasons  cannot  be 
compelled,  even  were  such  a  measure 
desirable,  to  adopt  briek,  stonejor  iron  in 
its  stead. 

It  is,  therefore,  a  fact  worthy  of  general 
notice  that  wood  may  be  rendered,  without 
great  labor  or  expense,  nearly  as  capable 
of  resisting  fire  as  brick  or  stone.  This  is 
done  by  soaking  the  dried  lumber  a  short 
time  in  a  solution  of  soluble  glass,  a  sili- 
cate of  soda  or  potash,  after  which  it  iB 
immersed  in  lime-water,  by  which  the  sili- 
cate of  soda  is  decomposed  and  the  pores 
of  the  wood  filled  with  a  silioate  of  lime. 
This  substance  is  fire-proof  and  cannot  be 
dissolved  in  water,  and  its  presence  and 
effect  in  the  fibre  of  the  woodare,  therefore, 
permanent.  Soluble  glass  is  readily  ob- 
tained, being  already  largely  used  for  vari- 
ous purposes  in  this  country.  There  is  no 
patent  upon  the  process,  and  it  can  there- 
fore be  used  by  any  builder  or  lumber 
dealer. 

The  comparative  cheapness  of  frame 
buildings,  in  the  erection  of  which  the 
tastes  of  the  owner  as  to  style  and  orna- 
ment may  be  consulted  with  but  a  moder- 
ate tax  upon  his  means,  will  maintain  their 
popularity  at  least  until  some  equally  con- 
venient and  inexpensive  material  i3  dis- 
covered. A  process  by  which  their  expo- 
sure to  the  ravages  of  fire  can  be  remedied 
in  so  great  a  degree  is  of  too  great  value 
to  the  community  to  be  lightly  overlooked. 

Coating  Metallic  Objects  With  a 
Black-Brown  Vabnish. — On  the  bottom 
of  a  cylindrical  cast-iron  vessel,  18  inches 
high,  is  placed  a  layer,  one-half  inch 
thick,  of  coal-dust  (bituminous  of  course) ; 
upon  this  is  placed  an  iron  grating,  and 
thereon  are  put  the  iron,  steel,  or  other 
metallic  objects  intended  to  be  coated  with 
the  varnish.  The  vessel,  having  been  first 
closed  with  a  well-fitting  lid,  is  next  placed 
on  a  bright  coke  fire,  and  heated  for  about 
a  quarter  of  an  hour  just  to  an  incipient 
red  heat.  The  vessel  is  then  removed  from 
the  fire,  and  on  the  lid  being  removed, 
after  about  ten  minutes,  the  metallic 
objects  will  be  found  coated  very  uniform- 
ly with  a  good  and  durable  varnish,  which 
resists  bending,  as  well  as  a  high  tempera- 
ture, without  cracking  or  coming  off.  Very 
small  objects,  such  as  hooks-and-eyes  for 
instance,  are  better  placed  along  with  some 
coal-dust  in  a  coffee  roasting  apparatus, 
and  this  turned,  as  is  usual  in  the  roasting 
of  coffee,  until  the  metallic  objects  have 
obtained  the  desired  depth  of  color  and 
are  uniformly  coated  with  the  varnish. — 
Chemical  News. 

A  Buffalo  man  must  have  the  credit  for 
the  most  novel  invention  yet  proposed  for 
propelling  boats  on  the  canal.  The  power 
is  not  attached  to  the  boat,  but  the  entire 
body  of  water  in  the  canal  is  moved,  and 
the  current  thus  created  is  used  as  the 
propelling  power.  The  plan  embraces  a 
wall  laid  in  the  center  of  the  canal  its  en- 
tire length,  dividing  it  into  two  equal 
channels.  At  the  head  of  each  level  is 
placed  an  immersed  wheel  of  peculiar  con- 
struction, which  is  moved  by  a  stationary 
engine,  and  the  action  of  which  is  to 
throw  the  water  from  one  of  the  channels 
into  the  other.  A  current  is  thus  created 
from  the  machinery  in  one  channel,  and 
toward  it  in  the  other.  — Artisan. 


A  new  safe  has  been  invented  which 
makes  things  very  unpleasant  for  burg- 
lars. The  walls  are  filled  with  gunpowder 
in  such  a  manner  that  the  blows  of  a 
sledge  or  the  cutting  of  a  chisel  in  the  at- 
tempt to  rob  the  safe  will  ignite  the 
powder,  blow  off  the  outer  crust,  annihi- 
late the  burglar,  and  leave  the  contents  of 
the  safe  uninjured. 

The  smallest  steam  engine  in  the  world 
is  said  to  be  in  Greenwich,  England.  It 
will  stand  on  a  three-penny  piece;  so 
small  are  some  of  the  parts  that  they  re- 
quire a  powerful  magnifying  glass  to  see 
their  form.  The  whole  weight  of  the 
model .  is  less  than  three-penny  weight. 
When  working  its  crank  shaft  performs 
from  twenty  to  thirty  thousand  revolu- 
tions in  a  minute. 


148 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  9,  1872. 


[INING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  information  is  condensed  mostly  from 
journals  published  in  the  interior,  in  close  proximity 
to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Monitor  Mm.- Monitor  Miner,  Pel). 
24:  The  Monitor  mill  is  shut  down  for  a 
few  days,  to  give  time  for  an  investigation 
into  the  cause  and  hit  upon  a  remedy  for 
the  great  amount  of  iron  in  the  amalgam. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Mine  Impeovtng.  —  Jackson  Ledger, 
Feb.  25:  Work  on  the  State  of  Maine  mine 
is  being  vigorously  carried  on,  and  the 
ledge  gives  better  evidence  of  value  as 
work  progresses.  After  the  first  of  March 
the  working  force  will  be  increased,  and 
the  mine  worked  day  and  night. 

Worley  Claim. — The  claim  recently  dis- 
covered near  Drytown,  is  turning  out  re 
markably  well.  The  owners  have  erected 
hydraulic  works  with  a  fall  of  110  ft.  which 
enables  them  to  wash  up  a  large  amount 
of  dirt  daily.  The  pay  gravel  is  now  5  ft. , 
in  depth,  and  pays  largely. 

Paugh  Mine. — Work  is  progressing  rap- 
idly; in  sinking  the  main  shaft,  a  few  days 
ago,  the  workmen  came  upon  a  body  of 
very  rich  rock  having  the  appearance  of 
being  extensive  and  permanent.  The  ledge 
is  well  defined. 

Phoenix. — Very  rich  rock  was  struck 
last  week  both  in  the  north  level  and  bot- 
tom of  the  main  shaft,  now  sunk  to  the 
depth  of  600  ft.  The  ledge  in  both  the 
shaft  and  level,  is  well  defined,  but  the  ex- 
tent not  yet  ascertained — 7  ft.  in  width 
having  been  exposed  without  reaching  the 
walls.  The  entire  mass  of  rock  recently 
discovered  will  yield  at  least  $15  per  ton. 

Alpine  MiNE.-Very  rich  rockwas  struck 
last  week,  in  sinking  the  main  shaft;  the 
shaft  is  over  250  ft.  in  depth,  and  the 
entire  rock  between  the  walls  will  yield, 
by  ordinary  mill  process  $20  per  ton.  The 
ledge  is  full  3  ft.  in  width. 

Union  Quartz  Mine.— Jackson  Dispatch, 
Feb.  25:  Work  has  been  resumed  on  this 
mine,  situated  on  Jones'  Bar  on  the  Moke- 
lurnne  river.  The  shaft  is  60  ft.  deep ;  at 
which  depth  the  lead  is  4  ft.  wide  and 
yields  a  prospect  of  $15  per  ton. 

Casco  Mine. — Work  will  soon  be  re- 
sumed on  this  mine,  which  is  at  Middle 
Bar  on  the  Mokelumne  river. 

BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Bich  Strike. — Chico  Enterprise,  March 
2d:  Some  gentlemen  from  Chico  while  pros- 
pecting last  week  on  the  ridge  South  of  the 
North  fork  of  Butte  Creek  discovered  a 
mineral  deposit  which  prospected  from  15 
to  50  cts.  of  gold  to  the  pan. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Quartz.— Mok.  Hill  Chronicle,  March  2: 
We  hear  very  favorable  reports  of  quartz 
operations  in  Angels.  A  first-class  quality 
of  ore  is  being  taken  from-  the  Stickles 
mine  upon  which  new  machinery  has  re- 
cently been  erected.  The  lead  is  looking 
tip  top.  A  "clean  up"  was  made  this 
week,  after  a  short  run,  and  $1,400  ob- 
tained. The  Big  mine  is  also  doing  splen- 
didly, the  ledge  showing  better  than  at  any 
other  point  in  the  shaft. 

Good  rock  continues  to  be  taken  from 
the  Prussian  Hill  mine  near  Kailroad.  The 
ledge  is  steadily  improving. 

EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Oer's  Station. — Cor.  Placerville  Repicb- 
lican,  Feb.  29:  On  the  25d  ult.  Boniondo 
&  Co.  of  Hogg's  Diggings,  took  from  their 
claim  3  nuggets,  the  largest  of  which 
weighed  92  ozs.  The  value  of  the  nuggets 
was  $1,719. 

Uniontown. — Cor.  same:  Steckslager 
&  Co.  are  driving  ahead  at  their  rich  claim, 
and  are  shoveling  out  the  dust.  G.  Klie- 
ber  is  working  ground  that  will  pay 
well. 

Nugget. —  A  "  Chinee,"  a  few  days  since 
stumbled  upon  a  lump  which  he   sold  to 
C.  W.  Brewster,  last  week,  for  $170. 
KERN  COUNTY. 

Bakersfield  Courier:  The  tunnel  de- 
signed to  reach  and  drain  the  Summer  and 
Big  Blue  leads  at  the  deep  level,  in  Kern- 
ville,  has  been  brought  to  completion. 

LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY- 

Shipments. — Los  Angeles,  Feb.  28:  One 
hundred  and  forty  two  sacks  of  silver  ore, 
received  from  the  Clark  dist.  and  over  2,- 
000  bars  of  base  bullion,  from  Cerro 
Gordo  are  waiting  shipment  at  San  Pedro. 
NEVADA    COUNTY. 

Scott's  Flat.  —  Nevada  Transcript, 
March  2:  Merrow,  Dean  &  Co.,  have 
made  one  run  and  cleaned  up  $1,400. 
They  have  the  claims  about  clear,  and  will 
have  bigger  returns.    Ashburn  &  Co.  have 


their  flumes  nearly  completed,  and  are 
washing. 

Location. — The  Ivanhoe  Co.  have  loca- 
ted 1,600  ft.  on  a  quartz  ledge,  called  the 
Knights  of  Malta  ledge,  in  Grass  Valley 
township. 

Shut  Down. — It  was  reported  yesterday 
that  the  North  Star  mine,  at  Grass  Valley, 
shut  down  on  Wednesday  night. 

Good  Pay. — The  claims  of  Boberts  & 
Co.  at  Bunker  Hill,  are  yielding  over  $10 
per  day  to  the  hand,  and  they  are  getting 
better  every  day.  The  yield  during  the 
last  10  days  has  been  about  $600. 

Blue  Tent.— The  Sailor  Flat  Co.  is 
working  day  and  night.  They  are  washing 
off  a  large  amount  of  gravel. 

Belden  &  Co.  are  working  day  and 
night. 

Killham  &  Co.,  have  a  prospect  for  a 
splendid  season. 

Eureka. — The  Eagle  Co.  has  been  run- 
ning powder  drifts  this  winter. 

The  Hlinois  Co.  has  been  washing  at 
intervals  during  the  winter,  and  the  result 
has  been  flattering. 

Atwater  &  Knotwell's  claims  have  not 
been  worked  during  the  winter.  This  is  a 
good  mine,  and  it  is  reported  that  a  tunnel 
is  soon  to  bo  run  to  give  sufficient  fall  for 
working. 

The  Boston  mine  is  at  Woolsey's  Flat, 
and  has  been  worked  continuously  during 
the  winter  with  excellent  results.  A  large 
force  will  be  employed  in  the  spring. 

The  Blue  Bank  Co.  has  not  been  worked 
during  the  winter,  except  the  running  of 
a  bed  rock  tunnel,  the  work  being  done 
on  contract  by  Bich  and  Blight. 

The  X.  I.  X.  claim,  has  been  unworked 
for  some  time,  in  consequence  of  a  large 
cave  which  filled  the   diggings  with  clay. 

The  Narrow  Boad  will  be  worked  in  the 
spring. 

Orleans  Flat  is  improving  ;  2  sets  of 
claims  have  been  worked  during  the 
winter. 

Kleese  &  Co.  have  "cutting  up  fall," 
and  Johnson  &  Co.  have  been  sluicing. 

The  Canadian  quartz  mine,  on  Wolf 
Creek,  has  been  doing  well  during  the 
winter,  making  some  splendid  runs.  One 
of  the  finest  8-stamp  mills  in  the  county, 
run  by  water  power,  is  on  the  mine.  It  is 
reported  that  this  mine  was  sold  to  an 
English  Co.  two  weeks  ago  for  $120,000. 

The  Situation. — G.  V.  Union,  March  1: 
Eureka  mine  has  considerable  trouble  with 
water.  Sinking  the  shaft  continues  with 
all  possible  energy,  and  it  is  down  965  ft. 
from  the  surface.  The  mill  has  been  run- 
ning with  15  stamps,  but  the  gold  yield 
does  not  pay  the  expenses  of  the  mine. 
Idaho  mine  never  looked  better  at  any 
time  in  its  history.  It  is  paying  largely  and 
regularly.  North  Star  is  put  to  all  it  can  do 
with  its  very  large  pumps  to  keep  the  water 
down.  The  ore  coming  out  is  very  good. 
Empire  mine,  on  Ophir  Hill,  has  not 
been  paying  for  several  months.  Knight 
of  Malta  mine  has  made  a  contract  by 
which  machinery  for  prospecting  will  be 
put  up  and  started  at  a  very  early  day. 
Perrin's  mine  is  in  good  rock  with  a  2  ft. 
ledge.  The  Coe  is  pumping  to  keep  the 
water  out.  It  is  said  that  a  contract  will 
be  let  to-day  for  taking  out  rock.  The 
last  ore  that  came  out  of  the  Coe  looked 
well.  Henston  Hill  is  being  worked  by  13 
practical  miners,  who  take  out  tribute. 
They  are  getting  out  splendid  ore.  The 
good  rock  comes  from  150  ft.  on  the  in- 
cline and  will  pay  about  $100  to  the  ton. 
Defiance  is  being  rapidly  opened,  and  is 
showing  well.  Daisy  Hill  is  the  promis- 
ing mine  of  the  diBt.  Not  a  crushing  from 
this  mine  but  has  paid  well.  The  ledge  is 
large  and  shows  free  gold  and  sulphurets. 

Chispa. — Last  Friday  W.  Pierce,  who 
was  engaged  in  sluicing  near  the  Daisy 
Hill  mine,  found  a  lump  of  gold  weigh- 
ing 2  ounces. 

Gold  Bricks. — We  saw  yesterday  at 
Findley  &  Co.'s  Banking  House,  2  gold 
bricks,  of  the  value  of  $17,000,  the  result 
of  2  weeks  run  of  the  Idaho  mine. 

Deer  Creek. — Grass  Valley  Republican, 
Feb.  17th:  A  crushing  last  week  of  190 
tons  of  ore  from  the  Wyoming  ledge  aver- 
aged $27  a  ton.  The  old  Nevada  quartz 
mine  is  developing  a  superior  body  of  ore 
at  a  depth  of  75  ft.  below  the  bed  of  Deer 
creek.  The  ledge  is  from  3  to  10  ft.  wide, 
and  the  rock  they  are  hoisting  will  yield 
from  $17  to  $25  to  a  ton.  The  Providence 
mine,  opposite  the  Nevada,  has  been 
leased  by  a  Co.  of  practical  miners  who 
are  sinking  a  new  incline  on  the  ledge. 
This  is  down  135  ft.  from  the  surface,  and 
25  ft.  below  the  bed  of  Deer  creek.  In 
the  bottom  of  their  incline  they  have  a 
fine  body  of  ore  4  ft.  wide,  heavily  charged 
with  sulphurets.  They  have  already  raised 
50  tons  of  rock,  taken  from  their  incline 
while  sinking.  The  incline  the  Co.  are 
sinking  has  2  compartments,  one  for  hoist- 


ing and  the  other  for  pumping.  The  Co. 
intend  to  sink  their  incline  100  ft.  deeper 
before  they  commence  drifting  on  the 
ledge.  The  Tremont  mine,  running  par- 
allel with  the  Nevada  and  Providence, 
is  being  reopened  after  having  been  idle 
for  several  years. 

Dutch  Flat. — At  8  o'clock  Saturday,  an 
immense  blast  of  700  kegs  of  powder  was 
exploded  in  the  Dutch  Flat  Blue  Gravel 
mine  with  splendid  success,  and  immense 
execution. 

Daisy  Hill. — The   mine  displays  a  fine 
body  of  ore  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  from 
3  to  4  ft.  in  width. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Bich  Strike.  —  Quincy  National,  Feb. 
17th:  A  very  rich  chimney  was  discov- 
ered in  the  Baker  mine,  one  day  last  week. 
The  strike  occurred  on  the  180-ft.  level, 
and  it  is  thought  that  the  rock  will  yield 
$500  per  ton.  From  one  days'  run  of  4 
stamps,  $200  was  cleaned  up. 

Hungarian  Hill. — Operations  on  Hun- 
garian Hill  will  commence  next  week. 

Light's  Canon. — Pierce  &  Co.,  whose 
claims  are  about  a  mile  east  of  the  old 
Presby  place,  have  plenty  of  water  and 
have  been  running  some  time.  These 
claims  are  very  rich. 

Good  Ledge. —  The  workmen  in  the 
Genesee  claims,  near  Genesee  Valley,  have 
recently  struck  the  largest  ledge  ever 
found  in  the  claims,  and  the  prospects  are 
favorable  that  it  is  extensive. 

Struck  It. — It  is  reported  that  Webster 
&  Co.  have  struck  good  pay  in  a  flat  op- 
posite the  mouth  of  Squirrel  creek,  near 
Argentine.  It  is  said  that  they  are  making 
as  high  as  $18  per  day  to  the  hand. 

Meadow  Valley. — Cor.  same:  On 
Eagle  Gulch,  Wilson  &  Co.  are  busy,  also 
Edmond  &  Co.  One  Co.  is  at  work  on 
Big  creek.  Hunt  &  Boinson,  on  Scad 
Point,  have  not  yet  commenced  work  for 
the  season.  Tucker  &  Co,  have  com- 
menced piping  in  their  claims  at  Scale's 
Gulch,  and  Bossel  &  Co.  are  at  it  on  the 
hillside  near  the  upper  end  of  Meadow 
Valley. 

On  Spanish  creek,  Grace  &  Co.  have 
commenced  work  at  grass  Flat.  Nelson 
&  Co.  have  already  commenced  piping  on 
their  ground  near  by. 

The  Phelps  Bros,  are  prospecting  a  gravel 
deposit  further  up  on  the  creek.  At  Bed 
Hill,  Messerer  &  Co.  are  putting  their 
claims  in  good  order,  to  take  advantage  of 
the  abu  ndant  water  supply. 

On  Gopher  Hill,  Metcalf  is  at  work, 
as  also  Thomas  Haycock,  with  plently  of 
water.  L.  Jacks  is  piping  a  good  portion 
of  the  time.  Morris  Smith  &  Co.  are 
steadily  at  work.  E.  B.  Jackson  Badger 
Hill,  is  running  off  the  gravel  pretty 
lively.  All  the  above  companies  have 
reasonable  expectations  of  realizing  a  fair 
profit  this  season. 

SAN  BERNARDINO  COUNTY. 

Prospecting. — San  Bernardino  Guardian , 
Feb.  24:  The  expedition  which  left  San 
Bernardino  about  2  weeks  ago,  for  Death 
Valley,  for  the  purpose  of  finding,  if  pos- 
ible,  the  rich  silver  ledges  discovered 
there  and  abandoned  a  few  years  ago,  will 
be  followed  by  another  party  who  will 
leave  in  a  few  days  from  this  place. 

SHASTA  COUNTY- 

The  placer  claim  of  Moody  and  Eiler,  in 
the  new  mining  camp  near  the  Tower 
House  is  paying  $25  a  day  to   one   rocker. 

SIERRA   COUNTY. 

Sold.  —  Downieville,  Mt.  Messenger, 
Feb.  24:  The  North  America  claims  at 
Newark,  have  been  sold  to  capitalists. 

Grant's  Mill. — Considerable  ore  has 
been  crushed  recently  at  Grant's  mill  from 
the  Good  Hope  ledge. 

Cor.  Marysville  Appeal,  Feb.  28:  The 
Docile  has  been  steadily  advancing  until 
it  has  reached  a  distance  of  630.  ft  from 
the  mouth  of  the  tunnel.  They  have 
crossed  several  spurs  supposed  to  be  off- 
shoots from  the  main  lead,  which  they  are 
liable  to  tap  at  any  time. 

The  New  York  cleaned  up  yesterday, 
with  very  satisfactory  results. 

The  Buckeye  is  the  richest  mine  in  this 
vicinity. 

Nevada. 

ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  since 
Feb.  22,  bullion  valued  at  $67,705.47. 

Spring  Mt.  Tunnel. — Work  is  being 
carried  on  by  3  shifts,  driving  the  main 
tunnel  ahead  about  9  ft.  a  day.  The  form- 
ation is  favorable,  and  works  easily.  The 
ledge  struck  25  ft.  from  the  mouth  of  the 
tunnel  is  improving.  The  ledge  matter 
is  about  4  ft.  wide. 

Pea  vine. — Work  is  to  be  commenced  at 
once  upon  the  mine  to  thoroughly  develop 
it. 

Bed  Cloud. — Work  is  being  carried  on 


without  ceasing.     The  shaft  is  down  over 
50  ft. 

Ingomab. — Gen.  Page  is  putting  up  steam 
hoisting  works.  The  claim  is  looking  very 
well. 

Ward  Beecher  and  Vulture. — It  is  re- 
ported that  a  valuable  strike  has  been  made 
in  this  mine  at  165  ft.  On  Monday  last  a 
large  body  of  horn-silver  was  struck  in  the 
Vulture,  5  ft.  in  thickness. 

Bowery. — The  main  shaft  is  being 
straightened,  enlarged  and  timbered. 

Alps. — Since  our  last  issue  the  body  of 
ore  in  the  east  drift  has  improved  consid- 
erably. The  west  drift  continues  in  good 
ore. 

Somerset  Mine. — This  claim  is  on  the 
eastern  slope  of  Spring  Mt.,  about  200  ft. 
south  of  the  Havana  mine.  The  incline  is 
31  ft.  deep.  At  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
the  ledge  is  30  inches  wide.  The  ore  shows 
chlorides  and  some  horn-silver. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Bunning. — Eureka  Sentinel,  Feb.  24: 
The  furnaces  are  all  running  with  plenty 
of  ore  on  the  dumps,  and  are  constantly 
turning  out  their  usual  quantities  of  bull- 
ion. 

Frieburg. — Goodwin  &  Co.  are  working 
80  men  in  their  mines  and  on  their  fur- 
naces. The  new  furnaces  will  go  into  oper- 
ation in  about  10  days. 

Battle  Mt.,  March  1st. — By  telegraph — 
130  tons  of  copper  ore  from  the  Battle  Mt. 
M.  Co.'s  mine  was  forwarded  from  here 
this  morning  to  S.  F.  for  shipment  to 
England. 

HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion.  — TFnionville  Silver  State,  March 
2:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona  mine, 
since  Feb.  17th,  was  $13,197. 

Utioa  Mill.— This  mill,  at  the  outlet  of 
Humboldt  Lake,  is  to  be  started  up  again 
on  ore  from  the  Oro  Fino  mine,  Desert 
dist.  There  is  now  about  1,000  tons  of 
ore,  which  it  is  estimated  will  pay  $60  in 
gold  to  the  ton. 

National  Mine. — This  mine  though 
favorably  situated  has  not  been  worked  of 
late.  Chris.  Lark,  has  concluded  to  put 
on  a  force  of  hands,  as  soon  as  spring 
opens. 

Still  Yielding. — The  Sheba  mine  is 
still  producing  large  quantities  of  fine  ore. 
Some  assays  made  of  a  fair  quality  of 
shipping  ore  went  as  high  as  $2,200  per 
ton. 

Mammoth. —  The  owners  contemplate 
putting  it  in  the  way  of  development  as 
soon  as  the  spring  opens. 

Eclipse.  —  The  owners  are  pushing 
ahead  in  their  tunnel  and  expect  to  strike 
the  main  ledge  within  the  next  20  ft. 

The  prospects  are  that  the  bullion  yield 
of  ITnionville  for  1872,  will  be  nearly 
double  what  it  it  was  in  1871. 

The  Henning  mine  is  said  to  be  looking 
better  than  ever. 

Seminole  Tunneling  Co. — Becent  de- 
velopments in  the  mines  owned  by  the 
Seminole  T.  Co,  in  this  dist.  prove  beyond 
doubt  the  value  of  the  property.  Last 
week  a  vein  was  tapped  disclosing  3  ft.  of 
quartz  containing  ore  of  excellent  quality. 

Dun  Glen. — Cor.  same:  Sprague  &  Co.'s 
mill  is  running  regularly  on  ore  from  the 
Lang  Syne  mine,  which  is  yielding  far 
more  than  the  most  sanguine  of  its  owners 
ever  expected  it  would.  They  have  had 
many  difficulties  to  contend  with,  but  they 
have  finally  succeeded  to  a  certainty. 
Their  process  is  beyond  a  doubt  one  of  the 
best  now  in  use  for  the  reduction  of  gold 
ores. 

The  Lang  Syne  mine  is  improving  in 
the  south  drift.  The  lode  is  2%  ft.  wide, 
all  of  which  is  good  milling  ore. 

The  Bed  Warror,  a  new  location,  shows 
a  good  body  of  pay  ore  on  the  surface. 

Winnemucca  Feb.  26:  By  Telegraph. — 
W.  F.  &  Co.  received  to-day  4  bars  of  bul- 
lion from  Silver  City  Idaho. 

REESE  RIVER. 

Monitor  Ore. — Beese  Biver  Reveille, 
Feb.  27:  The  Manhattan  Mill  will  com- 
mence to-morrow  to  crush  ore  from  the 
Monitor  mine,  at  Belmont.  Forty  tons  is 
at  the  mill  awaiting  reduction. 

Besumed. — The  Pacific  Co.  have  resumed 
work  in  their  mines  and  everything  is  go- 
ing on  as  usual. 
WASHOE. 

Sierra  Nevada. — Virginia  Enterprise, 
March  2:  The  ore  body  struck  in  the  Sier- 
ra Nevada  mine  last  Saturday  is  improv- 
ing- 

Chollar-Potosi. — The  bad  state  of  the 
roads  has  compelled  the  Chollar  folks  to 
shut  down  their  mine,  all  their  dumps  be- 
ing full  to  overflowing.  A  few  men  are 
still  at  work  in  the  mine  prospecting. 

Three  or  four  Cos.  are  at  work  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  American  Flat.  As  yet  but  one  of 
these — the  Globe — is  milling  ore. 

In  Full  Blast. — The  mills  on  Six  an 


March  9,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


149 


Seven-mile  Canons  are  in  full  blast  on  ores 
Iroru  the  C'omstock. 

A  Co.  called  the  Xew  York  have  begun 
sinking  a  shaft  back  of  the  the  Marvsville 
mill,  east'of  Gold  euiion. 

There  is  talk  of  resuming  operations  on 
the  Occidental  mine  this  spring. 

The  JustisCo.  are  running  a  tunnel  from 
Gold  Canon  to  their  mine  for  the   purposo 
of  making  an  outlet  for  the  water  pumped 
from  the  lower  levels. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Bullion.— White   Pine   A'-irs,  Feb.  24: 

W.  F.  k  Co.  shipped  to-day  to  Loudon  for 

Eberhardt   A:    Aurora  M.Co.    (limited).  2 

bars  of   bullion    184    pounds    valued    at 

I  01. 

Sii.vkii  Wave.- The  Perkins  shaft  is 
down  Hi",  ft.  in  limestone  formation.  No. 
4  shaft  is  down  116  ft.  and  running  on 
spar  wall.  The  drift  from  tho  bottom  of 
the  shafts  is  rinding  chlorido  and  quartz 
mixed. 

Nobth  AcnoRA.-In  the  South  drift  from 
the  Lady's  chamber  the  ore  has  improved 
in  grade  and  body. 

Ward  Bbbohbb.— Sinking  winze  in  tho 
bottom  of  Phillpots  chambor,  to  con- 
nect with  the  East  drift  from  tho  Lady's 
chamber.  Shipping  by  tramway  to  the 
mill. 

East  Shedoyhan.-  The  East  Shoboygau 
Co.'s  mines  are  looking  well.  The  most  of 
the  force  of  men  are  engaged  prospecting 
and  making  openings. 

Copper  Silver  Glance. — A  shift  of  2 
men  is  engaged  sinking  the  North  shaft. 
The  indications  for  finding  a  good  body  of 
ore  are  encouraging. 

Noonday.— Mr.  Woodman,  the  foreman, 
is  opening  the  mine  in  good  shape.  The 
ore  body  holds  out  as  far  ;as  openings  are 
made. 

Arizona. 

Yavapai  Co. — Prescott  Union,  Feb.  17: 
Tho  last  run  made  by  Jackson,  Shoup  & 
Co's.  4-stamp  mill,  upon  oro  from  the  Del 
Pasco  lode,  yielded  43%  ozs.  of  gold. 
This  run  did  not  exceed  3  days.  The 
Tiger  mine  is  yielding  plenty  of  rich  oro. 
The  Benjamin  and  other  mines,  near 
Prescott  are  developing.  Placer  miners 
are  doing  well  in  the  several  creeks  and 
gulches  in  the  vicinity  of  Prescott,  and 
Weaver.  The  Vulture  is  being  mined  and 
milled  with  satisfactory  results.  A  fur- 
nace is  oeing  erected  at  Peeples  valley. 

Mohave  Co. — In  Wallapai  Dist-,  all  the 
prominent  mines  are  turning  out  well. 

The  Pioneer  mill  has  been  running  reg- 
ularly upon  Lone  Star  rock,  and  is  paying 
very  well.  Mr.  Spear,  shipped  last  week 
§5,000  in  bullion.  The  furnace  at  Chlo- 
ride is  going  up. 

Smeltino  Works. — Los  Angeles  News, 
Feb.  24:  About  50,000  tbs.  of  machinery 
for  smelting  works  at  Wallapai,  is  lying  at 
the  beach,  ready  for  shipment. 

Colorado. 


Colorado  Herald,  Feb.  14:  At  a  depth 
of  450  ft.,  Harper's  claim  in  the  California 
Lode,  carries  a  crevice  of  ore  that  varies 
in  width  from  2  to  4  ft.  inthe  shaft, 
while  in  the  drift  running  west  its  entire 
length,  140  ft.,  a  crevice  of  ore  has  been 
exposed  that  averages  over  1  ft.  in  width. 

Good  News. — In  the  Caribou  mine,  in 
the  bottom  of  the  main  shaft  the  crevice  is 
5  ft.  7  inohes  in  width  of  paying  ore,  20 
inches  of  which  is  first-class,  worth  from 
8500  to  §700  per  ton.  On  the  east  shaft 
a  whim  has  been  erected  and  put  in  opera- 
tion. From  this  they  are  raising  a  large 
amount  of  fine  ore.  The  teams  are  deliv- 
ering about  20  tons  per  day  to  the  mill. 

The  Caribou  mill  at  Middle  Boulder, 
has  turned  out  a  very  handsome  lot  of  bull- 
ion. They  have  shipped  about  12,000 
ozs.  and  have  a  large  amount  of  amalgam 
not  yet  retorted. 

The  starting  of  this  mill  has  given  the 
dist.  a  new  impetus.  Already  the  owners 
of  the  Seven-Thirty,  the  PotOBi,  the 
Boulder  Co.  and  others  have  sent  in  a  lot 
of  ore  for  sale,  and  others  are  preparing  to 
do  so.  Ben  Hines  is  pushing  work  on 
the  Trojan  and  crushing  his  second-class 
at  the  Hines  &  Heizer  mill,  at  Middle 
Boulder.  The  yield  is  about  7  ozs.  per 
cord. 

Lake  Co. — Cor.  same:  Lode  mining  is 
lively.  Work  on  the  Printer  Boy,  Pilot, 
Oro  Fino,  New  Brunswick,  etc.,  is  being 
pushed  ahead  with  great  vigor.  Prospect- 
ing on  a  number  of  new  lodes  is  being 
carried  on  with  good  indications  of  strik- 
ing pay. 

A.  G.  Hill  is  opening  the  Grant  and  has 
a  very  fair  crevice  of  quartz.  A.  Gorman 
is  driving  a  tunnel,  and  soon  expects  to 
strike  a  lode.  On  the  south  side  of  Cali- 
fornia Gulch,  Mr.  Bugh  has  started  a  new 
tunnel,  with  a  view  of  prospecting  the  hill, 
where  it  is  thought  there   are  a  number  of 


good  lodes  as  yet  unopened.  Above  Oro 
City,  McCaunon  Ac  Demsoy  are  working  a 
lode  discovered  last  summer,  that  pros- 
pects big.  Henry  Mayfield,  in  Iowa  Gulch 
is  prospecting  for  lodes.  At  Granite  20 
miles  below,  O.  S.  Hill  has  a  contract  to 
sink  50  ft.  on  the  Hatty  Jane  lode,  one  of 
the  most  promising  in  this  locality.  A  ro- 
port  is  current  that  the  Yankee  Blade  Co. 
intend  to  resume  work  soon. 

Boulder  Co. — Cor.  Caribou  Post,  Feb. 
20th:  Tho  Jones  lode,  on  tho  northwest 
side  of  Caribou  Hill,  is  down  30  ft.  They 
have  a  pay  streak  of  fine  mineral  4  inches 
wide.  I  observed  20  sacks  of  ore,  which 
assays  8200  per  ton. 

The  Grand  Review  is  down  58  ft.,  and 
looking  about  the  same.  A  number  of 
lodes  are  being  worked  on  Idaho  Hill,  viz: 
Tin'  Elephant  109  ft.  deep,  is  to  be  drifted 
upon  soon.  The  Silvor  Point,  28  ft.  deep. 
The  Monitor  is  also  being  worked. 

The  Seven-Thirty  has  attained  a  depth 
of  70  ft.  They  have  a  pay  streak  0  inches 
wide  of  very  lino  mineral.  At  a  depth  of 
35  ft.,  they  have  a  drift  running  east  35  ft. 
and  a  shaft  35  ft.  deep  in  the  drift.  The 
second-class  ore  runs  S500  per  ton;  third- 
class  S100.  It  is  estimated  that  they  have 
810,000  worth  of  ore  on  hand. 

The  Trojan  lode,  at  Cardinal,  is  looking 
extremely  well.  They  are  down  95  ft., 
and  drifting.  Two  different  parties  are 
taking  out  ore  from  the  Boulder  Co. 

Our  Mines. — Same  paper,  Feb.  17th: 
The  old  Caribou  Co.  who  are  working 
the  East  End,  have  a  fine  shaft  ereoted, 
and  are  taking  out  rich  ore  in  large  quanti- 
ties. 

The  Seven-Thirty  is  being  worked  with 
very  promising  and  paying  results. 

The  Wabash  lode  is  down  nearly  60  ft. 
and  is  looking  exceedingly  well. 

Some  of  the  other  lodes  that  are  being 
worked  on  Caribou  Hill,  are  the  Stranger, 
Grand  View,  Sweeden,  and  Jonas  lodes. 

At  Cardinal  the  Trojan  is  being  worked. 
They  are  hoisting  a  large  quantity  of  valu- 
able ore. 

Shipped. — Colorado  Miner,  Feb.  22: 
Baily  &  Nott  have  shipped  on  account  of 
owners,  during  the  past  week,  20  tons  of 
smelting  ore. 

Palmer  &  Nicholas  have  shipped  2  bars 
valued  at  82,260.88. 

The  Matilda  Fletcher  lode  is  yielding 
very  rich  1st  class  ore,  and  large  quanti- 
ties of  2d  class  milling  ore.  A  10  lbs.  lot 
of  1st  class  ore,  treated,  gave  a  yield  at 
the  rate  of  812,000  coin  per  ton. 

Maine  Lode. — The  yield  of  the  Maine 
lode  for  8  months,  since  its  discovery,  has 
been  838,989.32  above  expenses. 

Gold  Hill. — Caribou  Post,  Feb.  24:  Mr. 
Fullen  is  working  his  White  Eock  lode 
this  Winter,  and  Mr.  Cort  is  erecting  an 
engine  house  and  other  buildings  on  the 
Horse-fall. 

Yesterday,  at  the  bank  of  Young  &  Co. 
was  seen  855  oz.  of  gold  retort,  the  Jan. 
product  of  the  Leavitt  lode  Mountain  City. 
This  is  valued  at  815,500,  and  is  the  pro- 
duct of  105  cords  of  stamp-mill  ore. 

Local  Record. — In  making  our  trip 
this  week,  we  noticed  both  the  ore  chutes 
of  the  Oro  Fino  full  of  ore.  We  also 
found  the  shaft  on  the  Navigation  mine 
down  about  140  ft.  where  it  connects  with 
a  drift  from  the  Oro  Fino. 

The  Ida  Elmore  is  being  opened  up 
fast.  The  6th  level  drift  is  run  130  odd  ft. 
north,  far  enough  to  get  over  the  rich  body 
of  ore  in  No.  7. 

Idaho. 


mining  ground,  from  which  they  are  rais- 
ing a  small  mountain  of  grit,  over  average 
in  richness.  From  hence  for  about  a  half 
mile  no  work  is  being  done,  some  of  the 
ground  being  worked  out  and  the  remain- 
der not  yet  drained. 

At  the  head  of  the  drain  is  the  claim  of 
Easterly  &  Co.,  who  aro  pushing  ahead 
with  the  work  fast,  and  at  the  same  time 
hoisting  and  sluicing  with  profitable  re- 
sults. Passing  on  down  the  creek,  we 
come  to  the  mines  of  W.  H.  Risk,  J.  Ly- 
ons, Collier  &  Co.,  H.  Winters,  and  Buck- 
ingham &  Co.,  all  of  whom  are  doing  well. 
Then  wo  reach  the  works  of  Tierney  & 
Co.,  who  are  coming  up  with  the  old  Dia- 
mond drain,  with  good  prospects.  All 
that  is  being  done  hero  this  winter  in  tho 
way  of  placer  mining. 

Junction. — Cor.  Avant  Courier,  Feb. 
15th:  At  Alder  Gulch  nearly  all  the  flume 
Cos.  are  going  to  inorease  their  force  of 
hands,  and  the  works  generally  will  be 
more  energetically  pushed  forward  than 
they  have  for  many  years  past. 

At  Summit,  Covely  &  Bro.  are  tapping 
the  Keystone  200  ft.  deep,  and  have  about 
80  tons  of  tine  ore  on  the  dump. 

There  are  14  bed-rock  flumeB  in  the  gulch , 
moat  of  which  have  been  doing  well. 

Hart  &  Cass  have  their  main  drain  com- 
pleted, and  are  making  branch  drains  pre- 
paratory to  extensive  spring  operations. 

At  Adobe  Town  there  is  more  progress 
manifest  than  all  the  rest  of  the  gulch 
combined. 

Utah. 

Pioche  Bullion. — S.  L.  Ti'ibune,  Feb. 
26:  W.  F.  &  Co.  have  received  since  the 
16th  inst.  2  two  lots  of  bullion  valued  at 
8126,608.90. 

North  Star  Dist. — Cor.  same:  I  visited 
the  Shenandoah  mine  owned  by  Schonberg 
&  Co.,  who  have  sunk  upon  their  shaft  50 
ft.  The  Co.  have  some  150  tons  of  splen- 
did ore  on  the  dump  worth  8150  per  ton. 

The  next  mine  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
is  the  "Old  Hickory,"  owned  by  Hooker 
Cook  &  Adams.  They  have  got  down  40 
ft.  through  a  rich  and  very  large  body  of 
mineral. 

South  Star. — In  this  camp  are  the  Tay- 
lor and  Jupiter  lodes,  with  shafts  in  ore, 
from  80  to  100  ft.  in  depth.  The  Mt.  Ver- 
non and  Bibbins  are  looking  well. 

Middle  Star  contains  some  of  the  most 
promising  ledges  in  the  Dist. 

West  Camp  is  the  last  discovery.  The 
ore  in  this  camp  is  quite  free,  and  can  be 
easily  milled  without  the  intervention  of 
roasting  furnaces.  Most  of  it  is  of  a  high 
grade.  Prospeoting  is  being  actively  car- 
ried on  here,  as  well  as  throughout  the 
entire  Dist. ;  and  frequent  discoveries  of 
great  richness  reward  the  miners. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board, 

San  Francisco,  March  7,  1872. 

Stocks  have  fluctuated  considerably  during 
till  .  l'.U  and  prices  at  close  are  rather  low. 
Tho  sales  at  tho  Board  for  tho  week  ending 
Wednesday  the  28th  nit  amounted  to  $3,377,- 
00U.  The  capital  stock  of  tho  Keystone  M. 
Co.  1ms  been  increased  to  $1,000,000  in  10.000 
sh:ir,  s.  The  Marcelind  M.  Co.  has  elected  the 
following  Trustees:  S.  Heydenfeldt,  (Pres.), 
('.  E.  Elliott  (Sec.),  C.  C.  Palmer,  P.  P.  Cun- 
ningham and  Goo.  li.  Roberts.  The  Raymond 
A-  Ely  mill''  s*'iit  down  mi  the  29th  ult.  $33,1100, 
on  the  2d,  $31,000,  and  on  the  0th  inst.  $31.2(10. 
The  Alameda  Coal  Mining  Co.  have  aletced  tho 
lollowhiq  Trustees:  W.  B.  Agard  (Pies.),  B. 
E.  Anger,  A.  Braudt,  P.  Cassou,  L.  Pavilher. 
M.  Phillips  is  still  Secretary. 

The  Chapman  M.  ,fc  M.  Co.  have  elected  as 
Trustees,  E.  P.  Fteg,  L.  A.  Chapman,  J.  H. 
Vimont,  O.  L.  Muller,  and  C.  B.  Putnam. 
Jos.  Maguire  was  elected  Secretary. 

Tho  dividend  of  the  Chollar-Potosi  was 
omitted  this  month  for  the  first  time  in  ten 
years.  The  February  receipts  from  the  Succor 
mine  amounted  to  $18,000. 

The  Daney  election  on  Monday  resulted  as 
follows:    O.  F.  Griffin,  Geo.  F.   Bragg,   L.  S. 
Adams,  F.  A.  Gibbs,  and  Robt.  Sherwood. 
Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 


npai  — 
Decline.— S.  P.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Feb.  29.    WilheM.    Lov-<>*.  March  7.  Ade.  Z>«\ 


27 
2«0 
G10 


■s> 


31 


18 
37 
720 
3*1 
26 

IS 
205 

13V 
260 
100 

13'. 
210 

60c 


58 
Sli 
57 
16 


75 
21 


575 


164 
184 


VK 
225 

60c 
18M 
11 


WTi',4 


514 


34 
720 
■IX 
25K 
16 

185 
UK 

252'... 
92  M 
13!i 


Alpba  S29 

Araatlor — 

Belcher 575 

Buckeye 44(1 

Ohollar-PotOBi..  59 

Caledonia  10!4 

Cons.  Virginia...  33 
Crown  Point.... 705 

Daney 2« 

Eureka  Oona....  25'4 

1  ureka 16 

Exchequer 15 

Gould  A  Curry.. 160 
Golden  Chariot. .  13 
Male  A  Nororoas  255 

Imperial 91 

Ida  Elmore 12 

Kentuck 240 

Mammoth — 

Meadow  Valley..  19 

Mahogany — 

Ophir 49 

Orig.  Hid.  Treaa.    9 

Overman 50 

Pioche 16 

Raymond  A  Ely. 133 

Savage 215 

Sierra  Nevada...  28 

Snccor  6H 

Wash.  A  Creole. .    &A 
Yellow  Jacket. ..  liii 

St.  Patrick — 

Seg.  Belcher —  55 

Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 

BID.  ASKED. 


20% 
14 

52 

51 

UH 

135 

27K 
5!i 


20  - 

—  1 

15  — 

a  = 


%.  * 


ik  - 

3  — 

-  X 

-  1% 


U«    - 


H 

H        - 


—        1 


BED.  ASKED 


Alpha  Cons 31 

Amador 260 

Belcher 595 

rliuUitr-Potosi..      S7K 
Grown  Point....    700 

Daney ^A, 

Eureka  Cons.. ..      24*8 

Eureka 16 

Golden  Chariot.      13^ 
Gould  &  Gurry.     175 
Hale  A  Noreross   250 


31 


720 
3K 
25 
1G 

18*4 
177 

2KK 


Ida  Elmore.. 

Imperial 30 

Kentuck — 

Meadow  Valley..    19& 

Ophir 51 

Orig.  Hid.  Treaa      S*j 

Overman 51 

Savage — 

Raymond  &  Ely.  134 
Sierra  Nevada. . .  2fi 
Yellow  Jaoket. . .  70,'£ 


135 

(8 


Bullion. -Silver  City  Avalanche  t~Feb  24: 
"W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  from  here  this  week 
3  bars  of  bullion,  valued  at  $6,468.07. 

The  Mahogony  mine  is  turning  out  some 
very  fine  ore  between  the  3d  and  4th  levels. 
The  shaft  is  down  for  the  5th  level.  The 
ore  house  is  full  of  ore  which  will  soon  be 
hauled  to  the  mill. 

The  South  Chariot  4th  level  drift  is  be- 
ing run  north  on  the  vein.  The  main 
shaft  is  to  be  straightened  and  sunk  for 
the  5th  level. 

There  are  75  tons  of  Empire  ore  at  the 
Elmore  mill  which  will  pay  about  !$150  a 
ton. 

South  Mt. — Cor.  same:  The  only  mines 
being  worked  here  are  the  Bay  State  and 
Hastings,  operations  on  all  others  having 
been  suspended  on  account  of  bad  weather. 

Banner  Dist. — Idaho  Statesman,  Feb. 
20:  Gardner  and  Lee  are  down  30  ft.  on 
the  ledge.  The  quartz  looks  better,  but 
has  become  very  hard;  it  all  has  to  be 
blasted. 

Montana. 

St  Louis  Gulch. — Cor.  Helena  Herald, 
Feb.  22:  The  Union  Co.  have  recently 
struck  very  rich  pay  in  their  ground  in 
the  left  fork  of  Indian  creek.  From  2  pans 
of  dirt  were  washed  out  $10.90. 

The  Kelley  Bros,  have  a  large  tract  of 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  In  the  Scien- 
tific Press  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAY 

DATE  OF  ASSESSMENT.  DELINQUENT.     OF  SALE, 

AlpsS.M.  Co.  Nev.,  March  1,76c April  9— April  30 

Bloomfleld  Gravel  M.Co,  Oal.,  Feb.  23,$3.Mar.27— Apr.  13 
Buckeye  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9,  $l.Feb.  13,  Mar  14 
CaledoniaS.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Feb.  1,  $4.... Mar. 8— Mar.  29 
Daney  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Feb.  1,  CSc.Mar.  4— Mar.  25 
Emerald  Hill  M.  Co.,  U.T.,  Jan  11,  25c— Feb.  19,  Mar.  14 
Golden  Age  &  Empire  M.Co.  Feb.  9,  $2.50.  Mar,  12— Apr.3 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  $15 Mar.  4— April  26 

Golden  Chariot,  I.  T.,  Jan.  31— $2  SO,  Mar.  9,  Mar.  30 

Ida  Eilmore,  Idaho.  Dec.  30   $3.00 Jan.  31— March  4 

Kentuck,  Nev..  Jan.  20,  $10 Feb.24—Mar.  19. 

KincaidFlatM.  Co.,  Cal., Feb.  14,  $3.  .Mar.  18— April  8* 
Lemon  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  6,  50c. .Feb,  10— March  2 
Mahogany  G.&S.M.Co,  I.T.  Jun,  20 ,$1.50  Mar.  G— Mar.  23 
Mina  Kica  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Jan.  16,  20c. Feb.  19— March  11* 
Nevada  L.  and  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  9.  4c. Feb.  13— Mar.  4* 
Noonday  S.M.Co.  White  Pine,  Feb.  1,20c. Mar.  5— Mar.  25 

Overman,  Nev.,  Feb.  22.  $4 Feb.  22— Mar.  11. 

Pacific  Borax  Co.,  Nev.  Feb.  23, 16c. .March  28— April  1G 

Phoenix,  Nev.,  Jan.  18,  75c Feb.  22— Mar.  13. 

Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  N-,  Jan.  20,  80c.-Mar.  1,  Mar.  23* 
Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Feb.  25,  $5.  .April  6- May  6* 
Quail  Hill  M.&  W.  Co.,  Cal.  Feb.  15,$6,  Mar.  26— April  16* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  $l.Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Silver  Wave,  Nov.,  Jan.  30,  $1 Feb.  26— Mar.  19* 

South  Chariot  M.  Co.,  I.  T.,  Feb.  8,  $l...Mar.  9— April  1 

South  Eureka,  Nev.,  Mar.  2,15c April  4— April  24 

St.  Patrick  M.  Co.  Placer  co.  Cal.  Feb. 8,$i. Mar. 13— Apr. 2 
S.  Gulch  Gr.  M.  Co.,  Oal.,  Feb.  7,  $1.60. Mar  13— April  3* 

Tallulah  M.  Co,,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  $1 Mar,  5— Mar.  26 

Tecumseh,  Cal.,  Jan.  23,  $4 Feb.  27— Mar.  16.* 

Washington  &  Creole  M.  Co.  Feb.  10,  50c.  Mar.  15  -Apr.ll 
Wm.  Penn,  Nev.  Jan.  1G,  60c Fob.  10— Mar.  11* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Chapman  M.  &  M.  Co Annual  MeetingMar.  14 

Daney  G.  &  3.  M.  Co., Annual  Meeting  Mar.  4 

Golden  Chariot  M.  C Annual  MeetingMar.  4 

Granite  M  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  23 

Hale  &  Norcross  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  13 

Marcelind  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  4 

North  Oro  Fino Annual  Meeting  Mar.  25 

Oro  Fino  M.Co Annual  MeetingMar.  25 

San  Marcial  S.  M.  Cc Annual  Meeting  Mar,  19 

Siskiyou  M.  Co - Annual  Meeting  Mar.  11 

Slempre  Viva  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  18 

Starlight  G,  &  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  20 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— ( Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $16 Payable  March  9 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $15 Payable  Feb.  12 

Crown  Point,  $15 Payable  March  15 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co.l  per  ct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  $1 Payable  Jan.  6 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $3 Payable  Feb.  10 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Payable  Feb.  10 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  March  8 

*AdvertiBed  in  this  journal. 


D5# 


10  50 


San  Franoisoo  Metal  Market. 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  A,  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street.1 

PRICES  FOR  INVOIOKS 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  th« 
following  quotations. 

THURSDAY,  March  7, 1872 

1  sS'toh  and  English  Pig  Iron, ft  ton $55  00    ®  60  00 

White  Pig,  ft  ton.......  .-  ...-.-. 45  00    & 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment  fttb. —  05    © 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  ft  m —  <£>9© 

Boilur,  No.  1  to  4 -  05  Jfl 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9.. ~  IVM 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  gMff 

Sheet.  No.  14  to  20 -06    @ 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 -06   @ 

Horse  Shoes ■■■    *  ™ 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron ° 

Rolled  Iron -  -  ■  ■  •  ■  ■  ■  ■  ■  ■ ■         ae     _ 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.     5     @ 

Sheathing,  1ft  lb —24    k» 

Sheathing,  Yellow- ■■' ~  fi    ^ 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11    @ 

Composition  Nails —  £J 

Composition  Bolts ** 

Plate^^5harcoal,IX1Sbox 12  00 

Plates,  IGCharcoal  10  00 

Roofing  Plates »  00 

Bancu  Tin,  Slabs,  ^fttb —  — 

Steel.— English  OaBt,  ft  lb —  If 

Drill 

Flat  Bar 

Plough  Points........... 

Russia  (for  mould.boaras) 

gUICKHILVEn.— ft  lb 
ead.— Pig,  ft  D> 

Sheet .  - .'. 

Pipe 

Bar 

ZiNC.-Sheets,  ft  ft 

Borax.— Refined —  *j? 

Borax,  crude —    a 

Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  DoLUver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  PoBt  st.] 
San  Fbancisco,  Thursday,  Maroh  7, 1872. 

Sole  Leatheb.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply , 
and  prices  still  continue  firm.  na/ano 

City  Tanned  Leather,  ft  lb g3 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  ft  ft k^Sat 

Country  Leather,  ft  ft ■ ; 25^29 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  aro  linn,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8Kil..  perdoz "•*^JK  a*  nn 

Jodot  11  to  19  Kil., perdoz 16  00@  95  00 

Jodot  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ft  doz 60  00®  80  00 

Lemoine,  16tol9KU,ftdoz 95  00(a 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz «8  Oft 

Corncllian,  16  Kil.,  perdoz 70  00( 

Cornellian.l2tol4Kil.,perdoz 60  001 

OgorauOalf,  ft  doz 5 4  00® 

Simon,  18  Kil.,ft  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  ft  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  ft  doz i2  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  ft  ft ,   t   «@  J  30 

Calif orniaWft  doz 65  00to80  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors.ft  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs.ftV...- 1  15@    1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ft  doz. ...    8  00®  13  W 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,  ft  doz 5  M®  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings... 1  75®    5  W 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair.. 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Caif  Boot  Legs,ft  pair. 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ft  ft jJK 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  ft  doz 48  OOi 

Skirting  Leather,  ft  ft nn  34( 

Welt  Leather,  ft  doz 30  OOj 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot. • W 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ft  foot 18( 


17 

20 

3  75 

12« 

—  85 

-05JS 
-08 

=  ^ 

-    9 

-10 

—  09 

-10 

-10« 

■M 


4  70  00 
168  00 


72  TO 


21 


150 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[March  9,  1872. 


Meeting  a  Grizzly. 

In  the  early  days  of  California  the  mount- 
ains of  the  State  were  infested  with  those  fierce 
and  powerful  monarchs  of  the  forest,  the  griz- 
zly bear,  and  numberless  are  the  stories  cur- 
rent of  wild  and  startling  adventures  in  their 
search.  Those  pioneers  of  civilization,  the 
miners,  frequently  met  them  in  their  prospect- 
ing trips,  and  when  prudent,  gave  them  a  wide 
berth;  still,"  some  of  the  more  reckless  and 
daring  of  this  adventurous  class,  sometimes  at- 
tacked them,  and  unless  well  armed  and  in 
numbers,  were  in  luck  not  to  come  off  "sec- 
ond best."  Aa  a  general  thing  unless  sur- 
prised or  attacked,  they  will  not  act  on  the 
offensive;  cases  are,  however,  known  to  the  con- 
trary. The  growl  alone  of  these  beasts,  when 
surprised  or  wounded,  is  enough  to  make  a 
prudent  man  keep  at  a  respectful  distance,  and 
the  writer  knows  from  personal  experience  that 
at  night,  in  the  dark  gloom  ofthe  forest,  with 
one  in  close  prox- 
imity, it  will 
make  a  man  feel 
queerer,  and  his 
hair  straighter, 
and  offer  superior 
inducements  to 
accelerate  tree 
climbing  than 
most  anything 
else  could. 

The  miners  of 
California  gener- 
ally went  pretty 
well  armed  in 
early  times,  and 
in  their  visits  to 
their  neighbors 
at  night  were 
careful  to  carry 
their  trusty  re- 
volvers, and,  if 
possible,  a  rifle. 
This  was  found 
necessary  for  pro- 
tection against 
ferocious  beasts 
and  still  more  fe- 
rocious men. 
Our  cut  repre- 
sents a  "pioneer" 
returning  home 
at  night,  and  who 
has  taken  a  short 
cut  home  instead 
of    going  by  the 

regular  trail.  His 
mule,  from  nat- 
ural instinct, 
shows  his  knowl- 
edge of  the  prox- 
imity of  the  griz- 
zly    by     laying 

buck  his  ears  and 
looking  as  if  he 
did  not  like  it. 
The  bear  is  seat- 
ed in  front  of  his 
den  upon  a  point 
of  rocks  overlook 

ing  the  placid  river,    which    glistens  in  the 
moonlight,  and  seems  to  be  enjoying  himself. 

A  wELL-appointed  iron  ship  building  yard 
and  plant  has  just  commenced  operations 
at  Wyandotte,  a  few  miles  below  Detroit, 
on  the  river,  adjoining  the  extensive  roll- 
ing mills  of  E.  B.  "Ward,  who  backs  the 
enterprise,  and  which  is  under  the  man- 
agement of  Captain  S.  B.  Kirby.  A 
double-decked  freight  propeller  is  in 
course  of  construction,  being  intended 
principally  for  the  silver  ore  trade  of  Lake 
Superior. 

Letters  patent  have  recently  been 
granted  for  the  invention  of  an  improved 
railroad  car  for  the  transportation  of  grain. 
By  this  invention  the  grain  is  discharged 
in  from  three  to  thirty  minutes,  a  great 
saving  in  time  over  the  present  process. 
One  man  can  attend  to  the  unloading  of 
ten  cars,  and  discharge  their  contents  as 
quickly  as  four  men  can  unload  one  of  the 
oars  now  used  for  grain. 

The  pig-iron  product  last  year  was  1 ,850,- 
000  tons,  of  which  all  but  387,000  tons 
was  anthracite  -or  Pennsylvania.  The 
business  employed  940,000  men  at 
aggregate  wages  of  $564,000,000,  and  the 
value  of  the  product  was  $900,000,000. 


The  Hunt  &  Douglas  Process  for  tie 
Extraction  of  Copper  from  its  Ores. 


The  result  of  the  above  causes  combined 
is  that  instead  of  89  parts  of  iron  there  are 
consumed,  according  to  circumstances, 
from  200  to  300  parts  of  metallic  iron  to 
produce  100  parts  metallic  copper  in  the 
form  of  cement  copper.  This  too  is  ren- 
dered impure  by  an  admixture  of  insolu- 
ble presalts  of  iron  genreally  amounting 
to  from  20  to  40  per  cent.,  and  even  more. 
The  present  process  avoids  both  of  these 
faults,  and  enables  us  to  obtain  a  pure  ce- 
ment copper  with  a  very  small  consump- 
tion of  iron.  The  solution  obtained 
with  the  bath  of  protochlorid  of 
iron  can  contain  no  persalt  of  iron 
in  solution,  and  if  protoxyd  of  copper 
alone  has  been  employed  will  hold  three 
equivalents  of  copper  combined  with  two 
equivalents  of  chlorine,  so  that  they  will  be 
precipitated  by  two  equivalents  of  iron.be- 
ing  at  the  rate  of  59  parts  of  metallic  iron 


oxyohlorid  of  iron  during  the  solution,  is 
variable,  and  in  some  cases  does  not  exceed 
six  per  cent.  The  various  ways  of  supply- 
ing this  loss  are  three :  (1)  The  direct 
addition  to  the  bath  of  a  portion  of  pro- 
tosulphate  or  protochlorid  of  iron.  (2) 
The  addition  of  a  portion  of  sulphate  of 
copper  from  the  roasted  ore,  and  (3)  the 
use  of  sulphurous  acid.  Of  these  the  first 
requires  no  explanation,  and  the  second 
and  third  will  be  explained  under  the  two 
following  headings.  The  proportion  of 
iron  in  the  bath  should  be  determined 
from  time  to  time  by  the  following  method : 
A  small  portion  of  the  bath,  freed  from 
copper  by  digestion  for  some  hours  with 
metallic  iron  in  a  stoppered  bottle,  is 
diluted  with  50  parts  of  water,  and  strong- 
ly acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid.  A 
standard  solution  of  permanganate  of  pot- 
ash of  known  strength  is  then  added  from  a 
graduated  tube  so  long  as  it  is  decolorized. 
By  comparative  experiments  of  this  kind 
on  the  regenerated  bath  its  stringth  in  pro- 
tochlorid of  iron  is  readily  determined. 
The  Protosalts    of  Iron. — In  preparing 


THE    SHORT    CUT    HOME. 


for  100  parts  of  metallic  copper.  If,  from 
the  presence  of  much  dinoxyd,  or  from 
other  reasons,  the  greater  part  of  the  cop- 
per be  present  as  dichlorid,  it  will  be  re- 
membered that  this  requires  only  one 
equivalent  of  iron  to  precipitate  two  equiv- 
alents of  copper,  being  at  the  rate  of  45 
parts  of  irons  for  100  parts  of  metallic  cop- 
per. 

The  precipitation  of  copper  from  the 
solutions  is  at  first  rapid,  especially  if 
these  are  hot,  and  kept  in  agitation.  In- 
asmuch as  the  waste  liquors  are  not  re- 
jected in  this,  as  in  the  ordinary  process, 
the  long  digestion  with  iron  required  to 
remove  the  last  portion  of  copper  is  dis- 
pensed with,  and  the  liquid,  after  having 
given  up  the  greater  part  of  its  metal,  is 
withdrawn  and  used  for  the  treatment  of  a 
fresh  portion  of  ore.  The  prolonged 
action  of  the  air  on  the  bath  is  thus  avoid- 
ed, and  we  obtain  a  cement  copper  almost 
entirely  free  from  insoluble  iron  salts,  and 
with  the  consumption  of  a  minimum 
quantity  of  iron. 

The  Regenerated  Bath. — If  the  action  of 
the  air  be  excluded  it  will  be  found  that 
the  bath,  after  complete  precipitation  of 
the  copper  by  iron,  will  be  nearly  as  rich 
in  protochlorid  of  iron  as  before  the  solu- 
tion of  the  copper.  Thejloss,  which  is 
due   to   the   separation  of    a    portion    of 


the  bath  we  have  recommended  either  pro- 
tosulphate  or  protochlorid  of  iron.  The 
former  salt,  being  an  article  of  commerce, 
is  to  be  obtained  in  many  places  where  the 
latter  cannot  readily  be  procured,  and  may 
be  easily  manufactured  for  the  purpose  in 
regions  where  neither  of  these  can  be 
readily  obtained,  provided  sulphuretted 
copper  ores  are  to  be  had.  It  is  well 
known  that  in  roasting  these  a  considera- 
ble portion  of  the  copper  is  converted  into 
sulphate,  which  may  be  readily  dissolved 
by  water  from  the  roasted  ore.  If  to  each 
63.4  pounds  of  copper  thus  dissolved,  we 
add  120  pounds  of  common  salt,  and  digest 
the  liquid  with  metallic  iron  in  a  close 
vessel,  best  with  the  aid  of  heat,  till  the 
copper  is  precipitated,  the  solution  will 
contain  such  an  amount  of  protochlorid  of 
iron  that  it  will  only  be  necessary  to  add 
200  pounds  of  common  salt  and  a  sufficient 
amount  of  water,  to  make  100  gallons  of 
the  bath  of  the  strenght  before  prescribed. 
If  a  roasted  ore,  charged  with  sulphate, 
be  added  directly  to  the  bath  of  proto- 
chlorid of  iron,  it  will  be  found,  after 
precipitating  the  copper  by  metallic  iron, 
that  the  regenerated  bath  will  contain  not 
only  the  protosalt  of  iron  corresponding 
to  that  originally  present  in  the  bath,  but 
also  that  resulting  from  the  action  of  the 
metallic  iron   on  the  sulphate   of  copper 


introduced,  which  has  given  rise  to  proto- 
chlorid of  iron  and  sulphate  of  soda  by 
double  decomposition;  thus  rendering  the 
bath  impure  both  from  the  presence  of 
sulphates  and  from  an  excess  of  proto- 
chlorid of.  iron.  To  obviate  these  results 
we  add  to  such  roasted  ores,  (as  already 
described),  so  much  lime  as  may  be 
necessary  to  convert  the  whole  or  the 
greater  part  of  the  sulphate  of  copper 
present  into  insoluble  sulphate  of  lime  and 
protoyxd  of  copper,  which  latter  is  at 
once  soluble  in  the  protochlorid  bath.  A 
small  portion  of  sulphate  of  copper,  as 
above  prescribed,  may  be  left  undecom- 
posed  by  lime,  and  by  its  reaction  with 
metallic  iron  will  give  the  protosulphate 
of  iron  required  to  supply  the  small  loss 
already  explained,  and  keep  up  the  regen- 
erated bath  to  its  original  standard,  as 
shown  by  the  test  with  permanganate. 

The  use  of  protosulphate  of  iron  for 
making  the  bath,  introduces  a  large  pro- 
portion of  sulphate  of  soda.  A  great  part 
of  this,  it  is  true,  crystallizes  out  when  the 
bath  is  exposed  to  cold,  and  may  thus  be 
got  rid  of.  The 
use  of  a  portion 
of  chlorid  of 
calcium  may  al- 
so, as  already 
explained,  be 
resorted  to  with 
ad  vantage 
where  this  sub- 
stance can  be 
cheaply  procur- 
ed. In  districts 
where  hydro- 
chloric acid  is  a 
bye-product  of 
little  value  it 
will  be  best  to 
obtain  the  pro- 
tochlorid  of 
iron  directly  by 
saturating  the 
crude  acid  with 
scrap  iron  aDd 
employing  the 
product  as  al- 
ready explain- 
ed. 

Use  of  Sul- 
phurous Acid. — 
"When  the  mix- 
ture resulting 
from  the  action 
of  oxyd  of  cop- 
per upon  the 
bath  of  proto- 
chlorid of  iron 
is  heated,  and 
exopsed  to  the 
action  of  an  ex- 
cess of  sulphur- 
ous acid,  the 
whole  of  the 
separated  per- 
oxyd  of  iron  is 
converted  into 
a  protosalt,  and 
the  bath,  after 
precipitation 
by  metallic 
iron,  is  found 
to  contain 
much  more  pro- 
tosalt than  at 
first.  Such  a 
result  is  gener- 
ally to  be  avoid- 
ed,  but  by 
passing  into  or 
over  the  bath  a  small  portion  of  sulphur- 
ous acid,  it  is  easy  to  dissolve  such  a  por- 
tion of  the  precipitated  oxychlorid  or  oxyd 
of  iron  as  to  prevent  the  loss  of  iron  which 
otherwise  occurs,  and  keep  up  the  standard 
of  the  regenerated  bath  without  the  addi- 
tion of  a  salt  of  iron  or  of  sulphate  of 
copper. 

The  introduction  of  air  with  the  sul- 
phurous acid  is  to  be  prevented  as  much 
as  possible,  since  it  tends  to  convert  the 
dichlorid  of  copper  into  protochlorid,  and 
thus  increase  the  consumption  of  metallic 
iron. 

*When,  as  in  ordinary  cases,  the  bath  holds  sulphates, 
the  precipitated  peroxyd  contains  a  basic  persulphate, 
with  but  little  of  the  oxychlorid  which  is  found  in  a 
bath  ■where  chlorids  only  are  present. 

[Concluded   noxt   week.] 


Michigan  silver  mines  this  year  have 
yielded  about  $1,000,000  worth  of  ore. 
The  estimate  is  that  about  $100,000  a 
month  can  be  taken  out  at  a  cost  of  $8,000. 
Wyandotte  smelting  works  have  Bent 
$400,000  to  the  mint  from  one  mine 
alone. 


An  umbbella  frame  in  process  of  manu- 
facture has  to  pass  through  more  than 
one  hundred  hands,  and  is  the  result  of 
remarkably  delicate  and  ingenious  man- 
ipulations. 


March  9,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


151 


Removing    the  Odor  of  Carbolic  Acid. 

The  valuo  of  carbolic  acid  for  many  ap- 
plications is  now  well  established,  but  for 
medical  purposes  is  greatly  diminished  by 
the  odor,  which  is  extremely  offensive  to 
many  persons.  It  may,  therefore,  bo  in- 
teresting to  know  of  a  method  which  will 
remove  this  odor,  substituting  for  it  a  del- 
icate trace  of  geranium  leaves,  which  may, 
perhaps,  be  improved  upon  by  adding  a 
few  drops  of  that  oil.  The  process,  as  re- 
published, consists  in  pouring  duo 
pound  of  the  beat  carbolic  acid  (tho  white 
crystallized]  iuto  two  gallons  of  cold  dis- 
tilled water,  taking  caro  not  to  permit  the 
irhole  of  the  acid  to  enter  into  solution. 
Willi  a  good  sample,  if,  after  shaking  re- 
peatedly at  intervals,  betweon  two  and 
three  duneos  of  the  acid  remains  at  the 
bottom  of  the  vossel  usod,  this  will  be  a 
sufficient  residue  to  hold  and  contain  all 
the  impurities;  with  bad  samples,  loss 
water  must  bo  used,  and  more  acid.  The 
watery  solution  is  to  bo  siphoned  off,  and 
filtered,  if  necossary,  through  fine  filter- 
paper  till  perfectly  clear.  It  is  then  placed 
in  a  tall  cylinder,  and  pure  powdered  salt 
added,  with  constant  agitation,  till  it  no 
longer  dissolves.  On  standing  for  a  time, 
the  greater  part  of  the  carbolic  acid  will 
be  found  floating  as  a  yellow  oily  layer  on 
the  top  of  tho  salino  liquor,  and  merely  re- 
quires  to  be  removed  to  be  ready  for  use. 
As  it  contains  five  per  cent,  or  more  of 
water,  it  does  not  generally  crystallize,  but 
it  may  be  made  to  do  so  by  distilling  it 
from  a  little  lime.  The  portion  collected, 
up  to  about  o(JoJ  F.,  has,  at  ordinary  tem- 
peratures, scarcely  any  odor  save  a  faint 
one  resembling  that  of  geranium  leaves. 
The  addition  of  about  four  drops  per  fluid 
ouuee  of  tho  French  oil  of  geranium  will 
still  further  mask  the  slight  odor  of  the 
acid,  and  has  an  additional  advantage  of 
liquefying  the  pure  crystallized  product. 
The  pure  acid  may  be  dissolved  in  230 
parts  of  water,  and  used  as  a  gargle,  or  in 
25  parts  of  water  for  painting  the  throat, 
or  in  50  parts  for  the  carbolic  spray. 

Clearing  Bean  of  India. — Among  other 
vegetable  productions  of  India  is  a  species 
of  Strychnos,  known  there  as  the  clearing 
nut,  the  dried  seeds  of  which  are  used  to  a 
considerable  extent  for  the  purpose  of 
clearing  muddy  water.  For  this  purpose 
one  of  the  nuts  is  usually  rubbed  hard  for 
a  short  time  round  the  inside  of  the  earthen 
pot;  the  water  afterwards  is  poured  into 
it  and  left  to  settle,  the  impurities  soon 
subsiding,  and  the  water  being  loft  pure, 
clear,  and  wholesome.  It  is  said  the  na- 
tives never  drink  well-water  if  they  can 
get  pond  or  river  water,  which  they  treat 
in  the  way  indicated.  These  seeds  have 
much  the  action  of  alum,  but  are  believed 
to  be  less  injurious,  and  are  very  easily  ob- 
tained any  where  in  India.  The  fruit  when 
green,  is  made  into  preserves  and  eaten; 
but  when  ripe,  and  given  in  powder,  an- 
swers the  purpose  of  an  emetic,  a  dose  be- 
ing about  half  a  teaspoonful. 

According  to  Dr.  Pereira,  the  peculiar 
property  of  these  seeds  depends  on  the 
presence  of  albumen  and  caseine,  which 
act  as  purifying  agents,  like  those  employ- 
ed for  wine  or  beer.  If  the  seeds  be  sliced 
and  digested  in  water,  a  thick  mucilaginous 
liquor  is  obtained,  which  when  boiled, 
yields  a  coagulum.  A  similar  application 
is  made  elsewhere  of  other  kinds  of  seeds. 
Thus  the  inhabitants  of  Cairo  render  the 
muddy  water  of  the  Nile  quite  clean  by 
rubbing  bitter  almonds,  prepared  in  a  par- 
ticular manner,  on  the  inside  of  tho  earthen 
jar  in  which  the  water  is  kept.  Might  not 
this  India  bean  be  made  a  profitable  and 
useful  addition  to  our  California  products  ? 

Northeen  Limit  of  the  Oystek. — Oys- 
ters, it  is  stated,  cannot  be  grown  in  the 
seas  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  the  north- 
ern limit  of  the  habitation  of  this  shell-fish 
on  the  east  coast  of  North  America  be- 
ing Carraquette  Bay,  on  the  northeast- 
ern point  of  New  Brunswick.  Attempts 
have  been  made  to  plant  oysters  in  Gaspe 
Bay,  but  the  culture  failed,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  extreme  coldness  of  the 
water,  which  even  in  the  summer  is  only 
a  few  degrees  above  the  freezing  point. 


Combining  Scents. 

The  art  of  the  porfumer  is  shown  in 
delicately  combining  different  scents. 
When  wo  walk  in  a  garden,  tho  delicious 
odors  that  greet  us  ore  by  no  means  the 
emanations  of  ono  flower.  All  tho 
blooms  of  tho  garden, more  or  less, add  to  the 
general  harmony  that  strikes  so  gratefully 
upon  the  olfactory  nerves;  they  reach  us 
in  such  infinitely  small  particles,  that  no 
one  scent  overpowers  the  other.  When 
art  attompts  to  imitate  the  diluting  effoct 
of  the  breeze,  sho  has  to  be  more  circum- 
spect. Only  odors  of  a  similar  octava,  as 
a  recent  writer  has  pointed  out,  will  agree 
with  each  other.  Another  authority,  in- 
deed, has  elaborated  this  idea,  and  has 
composed  a  perfect  gamut  of  odors,  bo- 
ginning  with  civet,  verbena,  and  citronolla 
in  the  treble  clof,  and  ending  with  the 
wallflower,  vanilla,  and  patchouly  in  the 
buss  clef. 

Dealers,  on  the  strength  of  their  olfac- 
tory nervos,  often  make  purchases  amount- 
ing to  thousands.  The  tea  merohant,  tho 
tobacco  dealor,  or  tho  hop  merchant  takes 
one  sniff  at  the  commodity  in  which  ho 
deals,  and  makes  his  purchase  without 
fault.  An  experienced  perfumer  will  have 
two  ^hundred  odors  in  his  laboratory,  and 
can  distinguish  every  one  by  name. 
Could  a  musician,  with  an  instrumont  of 
two  hundred  notes,  distinguish  and  name 
every  noto  struck  without  his  seeing  the  in- 
strument? Every  person,  from  his  own 
experience,  can  testify  to  another  quality 
which  scent  in  common  with  sound  pos- 
sesses; we  allude  to  the  power  it  has  of 
recalling  to  the  mind's  eye  the  scenes  of 
long  past  years.  The  mere  breath  of  a 
perfume  will  often  call  up  a  picture  of  an 
event  with  all  its  minutlte,  which  had  long 
lain  dormant  in  our  memory. 


Qood  He^lxH- 


The    Effect 


of    Light 
Pustules. 


on    Smallpox 


Curious  Customs,— An  English  paper 
says  that  among  the  curious  local  customs 
still  practiced  in  Derbyshire  is  one  which 
was  kept  up  for  140  years  at  Hilton 
Hall.  On  the  first  day  of  the  year 
the  lord  of  the  manor  of  Essington 
brought  a  goose  to  the  hall,  and  drove  it 
three  times  round  the  fire,  after  which  he 
carried  it  to  the  table,  and  received  a  dish 
of  it  for  his  own  use.  This  droll  proceed- 
ing was  only  discontinued  when  the  manors 
came  under  one  lord.  At  Wellsall  there 
is  an  annual  adult  scramble;  for  here  a 
custom  exists  of  throwing  out  apples  and 
nuts  from  the  Town  Hall,  on  St.  Clement's 
day,  to  be  scrambled  for  by  the  people. 
Happy  are  the  boys  that  are  born  in  Wel- 
sall!  At  Wichner,  the  same  custom  that 
has  prevailed  at  Dunmow  was  once  in  use, 
and  a  wooden  flitch  of  bacon  still  hangs 
in  the  hall.  In  this  case  it  was  John  of 
Gaunt  who  instituted  the  custom  by  ar- 
ranging that  the  owner  of  the  hall  should 
hold  the  tenure  in  virtue  of  his  keeping 
a  flitch  of  bacon  always  ready  for  any  mar- 
ried pair  who  had  been  married  a  year  and 
a  day  and  would  take  the  following  oath: 
' '  Hear  ye  Sir  Philip  de  Somerville,  Lord 
of  Wychenor,  mayntennor  and  gyver  of 
this  baconne:  I.  A.  B.,  sithe  I  have  wed 
ded  my  wife,  and  sithe  I  had  her  in  my 
keeping  and  at  my  wylle  by  a  year  and  a 
day  after  our  marriage,  I  would  not  have 
changed  for  none  other,  fairer  ni  fouler, 
richer  ni  poorer,  etc.  And  if  the  said 
B,  were  sole  and  I  sole,  I  would  take  her 
to  be  my  wyfe  before  all  the  wymen  of  the 
world.  So  help  me  God  and  all  the 
fleshes!" 


Among  the  many  investigations  now  be- 
ing made  of  tho  chemicel  action  of  light, 
there  are  none  more  interesting  than  those 
which  are  directed  to  tho  observation  of 
its  effects  on  tho  health.  It  has  been  ob- 
served by  Dr.  Webber  that  the  sensibility 
of  the  skin  is  very  much  increased  in 
thoso  parts  of  the  body  which  are  always 
exposed  to  the  light,  and  this  difference 
has  even  been  measured  by  that  ominent 
physician.  This  remarkable  fact  is  espec- 
ially obsorvable  on  persons  suffering  from 
smallpox,  the  severity  of  tho  skin  disease 
being  visibly  augmented  if  the  patient  be 
not  confined  in  a  dark  room.  Dr.  Waters 
has  recently  published  a  paper  on  this  sub- 
ject, in  which  ho  states  that  if  the  room  bo 
so  darkened  that  not  a  single  ray  can  enter 
it,  the  effect  is  to  arrest  the  disease  at  tho 
papular  or  vesicular  stage;  it  never  be- 
comes purulent,  and  the  skin  betweon  the 
vesicles  is  never  inflamed  or  swollen ;  the 
liquor  sanguinis  is  not  changed  iuto  pus, 
nearly  all  tho  pain  and  itching  are  absent, 
and  the  smell  is,  if  not  entirely  removod, 
greatly  diminished.  Another  advantage, 
important,in  a  therapeutical  point  of  view, 
is  the  assistance  given  to  medicines,  tho 
absence  of  light  increasing  the  excretory 
powers  of  the  skin. 

Cure  of  Flatulency. — A  writer  in  the 
English  Mechanic,  in  treating  the  not  un- 
important subject  of  flatulency,  says  that 
of  this  there  are  two  kinds.  In  health  the 
stomach  and  intestines  always  oontain  a 
moderate  quantity  of  gas  that  is  nearly 
pure  nitrogen.  This  appears  to  be  secreted 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines,  and,  in  excessive  amount, 
is  one  of  the  most  troublesome  kinds  of 
flatulence.  The  other  kind  arises  from 
fermentation  or  putrefactive  changes  of  the 
food,  and  contains  carbonic  acid,  and 
sometimes  sulphurated  hydrogen,  as  well 
as  nitrogen.  Both  these  forms  of  flatulence 
are  best  treated  by  using  pure  vegetable 
charcoal  finely  powdered — taken  in  the  first 
case  with  each  meal,  and  in  the  second  as 
soon  as  the  symptoms  appear.  The  dose 
may  be  a  teaspoonful,  and  its  use  should 
be  continued  for  some  time.  This  will 
usually  correct  constipation  as  well  as 
loosness  of  the  bowels,  besides  relieving 
the  disease  itself. 


Keep  in  well  closed  jars.  The  selection  of 
the  oil  of  almonds  is  most  important;  pro- 
cure the  best  English  oil,  and  beware  of 
the  so-called  French  oil  of  almonds;  this 
is  imported  here  under  its  real  name — 
poppy  seed  oil,  and  baptised  on  its  arrival 
"  French  oil  of  almonds." 


The  Agriculture  of  the  Moemons. — 
Our  people  wonder  much  that  the  Mor- 
mons have  been  able  to  build  a  city  and 
find  subsistence  for  their  thousands  of 
people  in  such  a  region,  but  when  we  learn 
the  qualities  of  the  soil  around  them,  and 
the  nearness  and  abundaneo  of  mountain 
springs,  tho  wonder  ceases.  The  labor 
uecded  to  make  thoir  lands  fruitful  bears 
no  comparison  to  that  tho  New  England 
settlers  had  to  expond  in  order  to  prepare 
a  place  suitable  for  their  crops;  and  while 
their  soil  still  retains  its  rich  properties, 
withnoapparont  exhaustion,  ours  has  to  bo 
replenished  with  foreign  material  every 
year.  They  find  tho  earth  about  them  al- 
ready loose,  level  and  rich;  they  pour 
water  over  them  and  their  vegetables  grow 
abundantly,  and  fruit  trees  are  woighod 
down  with  their  burdons.  It  is  true  that 
they  have  to  dig  long  ditches  and  to  con- 
struct long  sluice  ways  from  the  slopes  of 
the  hills  above  them,  but  this  is  all. 
There  are  no  forest  trees  to  bo  felled,  no 
stumps  to  dig  up,  no  rocks  to  remove,  no 
deep  plowing  to  be  done,  and  nb  chemical 
fertilizers  to  be  added,  before  they  can 
reap  rich  returns  from  fieid  and  garden. 
They  simply  knew  twenty  years  ago  what 
the  rest  of  the  American  people  are  just 
discovering,  that  the  greater  part  of  our 
Central  desert  is  in  reality  no  desert  at  all, 
but  the  richest  meadow  land  minus  one 
property — water.  And  water  seems  to  be 
the  only  want  of  the  world  after  we  pass 
the  Nebraska  plains.  Where  brooks  and 
rivers  flow,  man  can  live  at  his  ease,  where 
these  are  wanting  he  forsakes  the  land, 
sets  to  work,  like  the  patient  Mormons,  to 
lead  down  the  melting  snows  of  neighboring 
mountains  to  water  his  crops  during  the 
rainless  midsummer  days. — Cor.  Boston 
Journal. 


The  oldest  woolen  cloth  factory  in  the 
United  States  is  probably  that  of  Mr. 
Thaddeus  Clapp,  of  Pittsfield,  Massachu- 
setts. This  manufacturer  has  in  his  pos- 
session specimens  of  cloth  of  his  own 
manufacture,  selected  from  the  produc- 
tion of  each  year  from  1812  to  the  present 
time.  Such  a  collection  is  obviously  in- 
teresting to  any  one  who  is  curious  to  ob- 
serve the  progress  in  the  United  States 
of  the  art  of  making  woolen  cloth. 


Preparation  of  Hides. — The  following 
method  is  recommended  for  preparing 
leather:  Begin  by  soaking  the  hide  eight 
or  nine  days  in  water,  then  put  it  in  lime; 
take  it  out,  remove  the  hair  by  rubbing, 
and  soak  again  in  clear  water  until  the  lime 
is  entirely  out.  Put  one  pound  of  alum  to 
three  of  salt,  dissolve  in  a  vessel  sufficient- 
ly large  to  hold  the  hide;  soak  the  hide  in 
it  three  or  four  days;  take  it  out,  let  it  get 
half  dry,  and  then  beat  or  rub  until  it  be- 
comes pliable.  Leather  prepared  by  this 
process  will  not  do  well  for  shoes,  but  an- 
swers for  hamstrings,  back-bands,  and 
other  purposes  on  the  farm. 


Dark  Booms. — When  a  room  is  so  situ- 
ated that  the  windows  admit  but  little 
light,  as  on  a  narrow  lane  or  alley,  their 
illuminating  effect  may  be  greatly  in- 
creased by  placing  the  panes  flush  with 
the  outer  face  of  the  wall,  and  using  glass 
which  has  been  roughly  ground  on  the 
outside.  The  particles  of  the  glass  are  thus 
made  to  present  innumerable  faces  in 
every  direction,  and  the  light  thus  gath- 
ered is  transmitted  to  all  parts  of  the 
room,  whereas  with  the  ordinary  windows 
only  so  much  light  is  obtained  as  is  re- 
flected from  the  opposite  walls. 


Decay  of  the  Teeth. — The  acids  which 
cause  the  decay  of  the  teeth  are  conveyed 
in  the  secretions  of  the  gums  and  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  lips  and  cheeks; 
and  the  usual  points  of  attack  are  in  the 
interstices  and  the  grooves  in  the  facial 
walls  of  the  teeth.  The  calculary  nature 
of  the  saliva  is  antagonistic  to  the  acids, 
and  preserves  the  teeth  from  their  dilapi- 
dating influence.  Teeth  are  protected 
from  this  disease  by  the  following  condi- 
tions: Their  regular  shape  and  order,  that 
the  situations  for  the  deposit  of  acid  be  as 
few  as  possible;  the  conservation  of  the 
teeth  from  noxious  influences,  by  constant 
brushing;  the  healthy  structure  of  the 
tooth  itself,  and  of  the  mouth  generally; 
Heider  observed  that  the  yellowish  white 
teeth  are  less  subject  to  the  attacks  of 
caries  than  those  of  a  bluish  shade,  the 
enamel  of  the  former  being  much  harder; 
and  the  molars  have  been  found  to  contain 
more  mineral  substance  than  the  incisors. 


Air-oushion  for  the  Feet  in  Kailway 
Travel. — A  writer  in  the  Medical  Times 
and  Gazette  refers  to  the  fatigue  of  the  limbs 
produced  after  a  long  railway  journey  as 
due  mainly  to  the  trembling  motion  of  the 
floor  under  the  feet,  and  states  that,  having 
suffered  considerably  from  this  cause,  he 
was  induced  to  try  the  experiment  of  using 
the  well  known  air-cushion  as  a  foot-stool. 
This  answered  so  well  that  he  has  never 
traveled  without  using  one  in  this  way, 
and  has  found  the  effect  to  be  a  remarka- 
ble improvement. 

Cold  Cream. — "  B.  L."  of  Sacramento, 
Cal. ,  sends  to  the  Druggists'  Circular  the 
following  formula  for  making  cold  cream, 
which  he  thinks  superior  to  anything  here- 
tofore published:  Oil  of  almonds,  (En- 
glish) 8  oz.;  white  wax,  1  oz.;  spermaceti, 
1  oz.;  rose  water,  6  oz.  Put  the  oil,  the 
wax  and  spermaceti  with  i  oz.  of  the  rose 
water  in  a  porcelain  dish;  heat  over  a 
water  bath  till  all  is  melted.  Transfer  to 
a  suitable  mortar,  and  beat  constantly  till 
quite  cold;  then  add  the  balance  of  the 
rose  water  by  small  portions,  and  beat  at 
least  Vi  hour  longer.  If  rose  water  is  not 
convenient,  use  pure  water  instead,  and 
add  2  drops  of  oil  of  roses  immediately 
after  the  last  portions  of  the  cold  water. 


A  Chiocory  Manufactory.  —  MesBrs. 
Mein  &  Kaab  are  preparing  to  establish  a 
chiccory  manufactory  in  this  city.  Mr. 
Mein  is  a  practical  manufacturer  of  the 
article,  and  has  had  much  experience  in 
the  business  in  some  of  the  most  extensive 
manufacturing  establishments  in  Prussia. 
The  experiment  has  been  tried  by  these 
gentlemen,  at  a  point  on  the  San  Joaquin 
river  a  few  miles  from  this  city,  but  un- 
fortunately just  about  the  time  the  ma- 
chinery was  put  in  successful  operation 
and  all  the  necessay  apparatus  in  working 
order,  the  factory  was  destroyed  by  fire. 
They  propose  to  manufacture  chiccory  on 
quite  an  extensive  scale  the  coming  sum- 
mer, and  with  that  end  in  view  have  en- 
tered into  contract  with  several  farmers  to 
supply  the  green  chiccory.  It  is  expected 
that  not  less  than  two  hundred  and  fifty 
acres  of  land  bordering  on  the  San  Joaquin 
and  Calaveras  rivers  will  be  cropped  with 
chiccory  the  present  year,  and  it  is  esti- 
mated that  the  yield  will  range  from  fifteen 
to  thirty  tons  per  acre.  The  yield  last 
year  on  some  land  near  the  San  Joaquin 
river  averaged  the  latter  amount.  Fifteen 
dollars  per  ton  is,  we  understand,  the  price 
paid  by  the  manufactures  for  the  green 
article.  Samples  of  the  quality  manufact- 
ured by  the  gentlemen  named  have  been 
sent  to  merchants  in  New  York,  Chicago, 
St.  Louis  and  other  large  citieB  in  the  East 
for  inspection,  and  the  uniform  verdict  of 
dealers  is  that  it  is  far  superior  in  quality 
to  that  imported  from  Prussia,  Holland 
and  other  eastern  countries.  The  quantity 
of  chiccory  consumed  annually  in  the 
United  States  is  enormous,  and  the  de- 
mand is  almost  wholly  supplied  from 
abroad.  It  is  probable  that  not  less  than 
a  thousand  tons  will  be  manufactured  by 
Meine  &  Boab  during  the  coming  summer. 
Stockton  Independent. 

Deposit  of  Mineral  Paint.— Our  at- 
tention, says  the  Indiana  Democrat,  has 
been  called  to  the  wonderful  productions 
of  sienna  or  mineral  paint,  found  in  large 
quantities  upon  the  farm  of  John  Cessna, 
in  Banks  Township,  in  this  county.  This 
paint  comes  from  a  bank  of  rocks  on 
Straight's  Bun,  and  is  deposited  in  large 
quantities  in  a  dam.  It  has  been  pro- 
nounced by  competent  judges  a  superior 
article,  really  better  than  the  sienna  im- 
ported from  France  and  Italy,  for  the  rea- 
son that  it  is  entirely  without  grit.  Ac- 
cording to  the  definitions,  it  is  a  silicate 
of  iron.andisalsocalledferra  sienna.  It  is 
estimated  that  the  deposit  is  inexhausti- 
ble, hundreds  of  thousands  of  tons  being 
exposed;  and  this  is  increased  every  day 
by  the  quantities  which  flow  from  the 
rocks. 


152 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  9,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWEB Senioe  Editob. 

DEWEY  «fc  CO.,  rublisliers. 

A.  T.  DEWET,  GEO.  H.  BTBOKG, 

W.  B.  EWEB,  JItO.  L.  BOONE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
■Wells,  Fareo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Adveetising  Rates. — lwedc.   lmonlh.    3  months,   lyear. 

Perline 25  .80  $2.00        $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.09        $3.00  7.50         20.00 

Onelnch 2.00         5.00  14.00         38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  BoticeB  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance — For  one  year,  $4; 
six  months,  $2.50;  three  months,  $1  25.  Clnbs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3s. ;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion. 1b.  ;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 


San  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Mar.  9,   1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates. 
San  Fbanoisco,   "Wednesday,   March  6,   1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying  91M ;  selling,  91%,    Gold  in  New  Tort 
to-day,  110  !S. 


Table  of  Contents. 


Editorials. — An  Act  to  Enforce  the  Responsibility  of 
Stockholders ;  The  Geological  Survey ;  Academy  of 
Sciences,  145.  Our  Mining  Prospects,  152.  Our  Home 
Industries;  British  Africa— Diamonds  and  Gold,  158. 
Notices  of  Recent  Patents;  Mechanics  Institute,  156. 

Illustrations.  —  Portable  Sawmill,  145.  Meeting  a 
Grizzly,  160.  Improved  Tug  Buckle,  152.  Bolt 
Attachment,  153. 

Correspondence.— Mining  at  West  Point ;  Ophir,  Utah 
Territory ;  Banner  District,  San  Diego  Co.,  146. 

Mining  Summary.— -Reports  from  Mines  in  various 
States,  CountlesandDistricts;  Stock  Reports;  Markets. 
Etc.,  148-9. 

Mechanical  Progress. — Wood  Carving  by  Machinery; 
Fireproof  Wood  for  Buildings;  Coating  with  Var- 
nish, 147. 

Scientific  Pbogbess. — Spiral  Leyden  Jar;  An  Astro- 
nomical Problem;  Estimation  of  Graphite:  Iron  and 
Cadmium;  Consumption  of  Smoke  ;  Gas  Pokers,  147. 

Useful  Information. — Removing  the  Odor  of  Carbolic 
Acid;  Clearing  Bean  of  India ;  Combining  Scents; 
Curious  Customs:  Preparation  of  Hides,  151. 

Good  Health. —The  Effect  of  Light  on  Smallpox 
Pustules;  Cure  of  Flatulency ;  Decay  of  the  Teeth ; 
Cold  Cream,  151. 

Domestic  Economy  -  Soup  and  How  to  Make  It;  How  to 
Trap  Rats;  Good  Fried  Cakes;  How  to  Choose  Butter; 
Mechanical  Hints.— Alloy  for  Joining  Brass  to  Iron; 
Architectural  Competition  iil  Berlin;  Bronzing,  155. 

Miscellaneous. — Our  Mines  on  the  London  Market : 
Characteristics  of  Mineral  Veins,  146.  Hunt  &  Douglas 
Process  for  the  Extraction  of  Copper  from  Its  Ores, 
160.  The  Agriculture  of  the  Mormons;  A  Chiccory 
Manufactory;  Deposit  of  Mineral  Paint,  151.  Desilver- 
izing Black  Copper;  The  Wine  Interest,  164. 


Suggestions  fob  Levee  Consteuctobs. — A 
correspondent.  Mrs.  Wm.  Taylor,  Suggests  as  a 
means  of  preventing  the  drying  and  cracking 
of  the  levees,  by  which  the  water  often  finds  its 
way  through,  that  about  two  feet  in  width  of 
sand  should  be  filled  into  the  middle  of  the 
levees  from  bottom  to  top.  Such  a  mode  of 
construction  would  make  them  absolutely  water 
tight.  Then,  to  prevent  the  surface  from  crack- 
ing, it  should  be  covered  with  six  or  seven  inches 
of  sand  as  soon  as  the  work  has  become  hard 
enough  to  bear  the  weight  of  a  horse  and  cart. 
The  sand  will  act  as  a  mulch  to  exclude  the 
cooperative  action  of  the  sun.  A  sand  or  soil 
suitable  for  such  a  purpose  can  generally  be 
found  about  2%  feet  below  the  surface.  This 
remedy  only  calls  for  a  little  more  patience  and 
labor,  and  it  is  thought  that  it  will  be  found 
much  more  effective  and  practical,  than  using 
the  levee  as  a  thoroughfare,  for  driving  stock 
upon  it,  as  has  been  suggested 


Meteobologicai,  Bepobts. — The  practical 
value  of  meteorological  reports  has  been  satis- 
factorily demonstrated  by  the  results  accom- 
plished by  the  U.  S.  Signal  Service  during  the 
past  year.  A  comparison  between  the  marine 
disasters  of  November  and  December  of  1870 
and  1871,  shows  a  falling  off  from  366  in  1870  to 
233  in  1871,  and  last  yearwas  noted  for  severe 
and  sudden'storms.  We  are  glad  to  see  that 
this  important  branch  of  science  is  properly 
appreciated  in  this  State,  and  a  bill  has  been  in- 
troduced in  the  Legislature  by  Mr.  Minis  pro- 
viding for  the  establishment  of  a  meteorologi- 
cal station  in  every  county  in  the  State. 

Aetesian  Wells  in  Los  Angeles  County. — 
We  learn  from  an  article  in  the  Star  that 
there  are  now  about  100  wells  in  that  county, 
but  that  half  of  them  are  running.  One  of  the 
best  is  only  27  feet  deep;  two  are  29  and  one 
39  feet.  These  are  the  shallowest  artesian 
wells  in  the  State.  These  four  shallow  wells 
— a  fifth  of  92  feet,  and  a  sixth  of  135  feet  deep — 
are  situated  within  a  radius  of  four  miles,  and, 
together  throw  up  1,000,000  gallons  daily.  The 
average  bore  of  these  wells  is  seven  inches. 


Onr  Mining  Prospects. 

We  hear  from  all  parts  of  the  Coast  of 
the  prospects  of  more  than  an  average 
prosperity  in  the  various  gold  and  silver 
mining  districts.  The  great  scarcity  of 
water  that  has  prevailed  during  the  past 
two  years  has  had  a  very  serious  influence 
ou  the  mining  as  well  as  the  agricultural 
products  of  this  State,  and  the  wonder  is 
that  we  are  able  to  show  such  a  goodly 
array  of  figures  in  summing  up  the  bullion 
yield  as  we  have.  However,  our  miners 
will  have  no  cause  to  find  fault  with  any 
scarcity  of  water  this  year. 

The  placer  mining  interests  have  suf- 
fered more  materially  than  any  other, 
though  many  quartz  mills  have  been  com- 
pelled to  lie  idle  or  run  a  limited  number 
of  stamps.  Now  we  hear  from  all  parts 
the  good  tidings  that  water  is  plenty,  new 
mills  are  going  up  or  are  projected,  old 
ones  being  resuscitated  and  improvements 
added,  new  and  improved  furnaces  being 
erected  in  the  base  metal  districts,  and 
ditches  being  built  to  supply  camps  where 
a  scarcity  of  water  has  retarded  opera- 
tions, and  business  prospects  look  bright 
everywhere. 

California. 

In  California  a  number  of  placer  mines 
which  have  been  abandoned  for  want  of 
water  will  be  worked  to  advantage  by 
means  of  newly  introduced  ditches.  Old 
districts  are  being  filled  with  miners  who 
are  locating  new  leads  or  re-locating  old 
ones  which  will  pay  by  the  processes  now 
in  vogue  for  the  extraction  of  metal.  Dis- 
tant and  out-of-the-way  places  in  the  State 
are  producing  their  quota,  and  localities 
little  known  are  coming  into  notoriety.  As 
far  north  as  Siskiyou  the  placer  mines  are 
yielding  a  goodly  quantity  of  gold  and  at 
the  extreme  southern  end,  in  San  Diego 
county,  the  two  districts  located  a  few 
years  since,  bid  fair  to  prove  valuable,  and 
that  too  on  their  own  merits, — little  capi- 
tal being  invested  there. 
Nevada. 

The  recent  rich  developments  on  the 
Comstock  lode  in  Nevada  are  calculated  to 
strengthen  the  idea  that  this  wonderful 
vein  is  the  best  and  most  permanent  fis- 
sure vein  in  the  world.  It  has  made  for 
itself  a  world-wide  reputation  and  is  sus- 
taining it  woll.  The  metallurgical  expe- 
rience acquired  by  explorations  on  that  one 
vein  has  done  more  to  further  the  mining 
interests  on  this  coast  than  any  other  one 
thing.  The  Washoe  4process  with  all  its 
intricacies  is  well  known  all  over  the  world 
The  machinery,  the  results  of  the  labor  of 
inventive  genius  called  for  by  the  require- 
ments of  the  large  bodies  of  ore  of  varied 
character  produced  by  this  vein,  now  en- 
ters largely  into  the  metallurgical  process- 
es of  older  countries.  A  number  of  new 
districts  have  been  struck  in  Nevada,  some 
of  which  but  await  the  opening  of  spring 
to  receive  a  large  influx  of  mining  pioneers 
who  seem  to  be  lying  in  wait  for  just  such 
chances  to  "  cast  their  lines  in  new  places  " 
and  make  a  "home  stake." 

Utah. 

In  Utah,  mining  matters,  although  in 
their  infancy  are  progressing  favorably. 
She  already  ranks  third  in  the  scale  of 
mineral  wealth — California  and  Nevada 
only  surpassing  her.  Until  the  past  few 
years  the  geological  characteristics  of  that 
Territory  have  been  but  little  known,  but 
since  the  discovery  of  lead  and  silver  with- 
in her  borders,  the  country  is  covered  with 
nomadic  bands  and  parties  of  prospectors 
eager  in  their  searoh  for  hidden  riches. 
By  the  time  that  this  hardy  crowd  have 
roamed  about  for  half  the  time  that  those 
of  the  same  class  have  in  California  and 
Nevada  we  may  expect  to  hear  of  new  and 
wonderful  discoveries  and  developments 
that  seem  to  be  warranted  by  present  pros- 
pects. Utah  has  already  added  more  than 
her  quota  of  new  districts,  during  the  past 


year,  the  accounts  from  most  of  which  are 
flattering  for  future  prosperity. 
Arizona. 
Arizona  sends  words  of  cheer  intermin- 
gled with  those  of  sorrow.  Her  mines  are 
proving  rich  beyond  expectation;  new  dis- 
coveries are  constantly  being  made  and  the 
miners  themselves  are  filled  with  hopes  of 
future  success.  But  all  the  news  that 
comes  from  that  remote  and  half  civilized 
section  of  this  enlightened  Eepublic,  con- 
tains statements  to  the  effect  that  not  only 
mining  but  all  classes  of  industry  are  seri- 
ously hindered  by  the  atrocities  of  the 
murderous  Apaches.'  There  is  no  safety 
for  life,  limb,  or  property.  Prospecting 
has  to  be  done  in  bands  or  not  at  all. 
Peaceable  miners  in  the  pursuit  of  their 
vocation  are  shot  down,  pick  and  shovel  in 
hand,  and  no  protection  is  vouch  safed  by 
the  general  Government.  The  inhabitants 
saw  a  glimmer  of  hope  in  the  arrival  of 
General  Crook,  whose  policy  is  to  exter- 
minate the  Indians  entirely  as  the  most 
efficient  means  of  making  peaoe  with  them, 
plan  kindred  to  the  sentiments  of  the 
residents  of  the  Territory  who  ought  to 
know  what  its  necessities  are.  Now,  we 
hear  that  more  "Peace  Commissioners" 
are  to  be  employed  and  the  General's  be- 
nevolent intentions  are  sadly  interfered 
with.  Well,  the  authorities  know  best,  of 
course,  but  the  Commissioners,  even  after 
they  have  made  the  "most  successful  and 
binding  treaties"  with  the  fiendish  Indi- 
ans, generally  consider  it  advisable  to  send 
requisitions  to  the  officers  of  the  posts  for 
a  numerous  and  well-appointed  escort 
which  a  private  citizen  cannot  get.  This 
is  sufficient  evidence  of  the  opinions  they 
themselves  entertain  of  said  "  treaties." 

But  how  is  it  with  a  few  poor  miners, 
those  pioneers  of  civilization,  many  of 
whose  bones  lie  bleaching  on  the  alkali 
plains,  the  result  of  their  unwise  prospect- 
ing trips.  We  will  hope  that  some  day 
the  Territory  will  be  in  a  fit  state  for  the 
entrance  of  a  large  number  of  men  who 
want  to  go  there,  but  who  hear  of  the 
enormities  committed  there  and  conclude 
to  wait  a  while.  Meantime  a  few  brave 
and  fearless  individuals,  bronzed  and 
burned  by  the  fierce  Arizona  sun,  contend 
at  the  muzzle  of  the  rifle  with  their  wily 
foes,  for  the  possession  of  their  rights. 
These  are  the  men  who  will  carry  any- 
thing through,  no  matter  what,  and  we  ex- 
pect ere  long  from  the  promises  she  has 
already  given,  to  see  Arizona  high  up  in 
the  list  of  mineral-producing  regions. 

Idaho  is  progressing  rapidly;  so  also  is 
New  Mexico.  Montana  still  holds  her 
well-won  reputation  as  a  gold-producing 
territory,  and  Washington  Territory  and 
Oregon  furnish  a  share  to  swell  the  gen- 
eral bullion  product  of  the  Coast. 
Increased  Interest. 
As  soon  as  the  snow  is  gone  from  the 
mountains,  parties  will  be  out  prospecting, 
and  we  may  hear  of  new  strikes  all  over 
the  country.  In  the  older  counties  in  this 
State;  capital  is  being  introduced  and  de- 
veloping properties  which  would  other- 
wise lie  idle.  The  new  increased  interest 
in  mining  affairs  is  due  to  recent  develop- 
ments, abundance  of  water,  more  efficient 
management,  increased  facilities  for  trans- 
portation, improved  processes  for  the  ex- 
traction of  metal  and  the  introduction  of 
both  foreign  and  home  capital.  Thous- 
ands of  miners  who  have  valuable  mines 
which  have  heretofore  lain  idle  will  be 
able  to  have  them'  developed  by  this  pow- 
erful aid,  capital. 

The  Coming  Year. 
The  present  year  will  doubtless  be  the 
most  important  one  for  the  mining  interests 
that  we  have  ever  had  in  this  country,  and 
with  the  opening  of  spring  we  may  look 
for  lively  times.  This  is  anjacknowledged 
fact  and  our  capitalists  and  business  men 
should  look  to  it.  San  Francisco  as  the 
great  money  center  of  this  Coast  should 
faster  this  branch  of  industry  as  much  as 
possible.  Gold  and  silver  must  come  and 
mines  must  be  worked  to  get  them.  We 
ought  to  have  the  full  benefit  of  all  the 


trade  which  this  industry  requires.  More 
attention  should  be  paid  to  it  by  affording 
in  this  place  ample  facilities  for  treating 
the  ores  and  prevent  this  wholesale  ship- 
ment of  ore  and  minerals  to  Chicago,  St. 
Louis,  and-Europe.  In  most  of  these  pla- 
ces, especially  in  European  towns,  capital 
is  abundant  and  cheap,  and  energy  and  en- 
terprise not  wanting.  All  we  want  here  is 
for  the  capitalists  to  be  alive  to  their  own 
interests  and  all  the  business  connected 
with  an  industry  which  produced  last  year, 
©80,000,000  in  solid  coin,  will  be  ours. 
Hard  times  are  now  no  excuse;  the  whole 
Coast  was  never  so  prosperous  as  when  we 
were  distinctly  a  mining  community;  the 
time  has  come  again  and  let  us  take  advan- 
tage of  it.  The  mining  interest  has  been 
too  long  in  abeyance,  and  to  mining  men 
and  mining  operations  no  cold  shoulder 
should  be  given.  There  is  no  pursuit 
which  offers  such  great  inducements  and 
pays  as  well  as  mining  legitimately  carried 
on. 


Improved  Tug   Buckle. 

Any  one  who  has  ever  had  much  to  do 
with  harness  will  appreciate  the  improve- 
ment in  tug  buckles,  which  our  illustra- 
tion represents.  It  is  sometimes  almost 
impossible  to  let  out  or  take  up  a  trace, 
and  it  can  never  be  done  without  consider- 
able inconvenience  with  the  old  fashioned 
buckle.  If  they  have  been  in  one  place 
for  any  length  of  time  they  become  rusted 
in,  and  where  the  harness  is  heavy  it  gen- 
erally requires  some  tool  to  remove  the 
tongue  so  as  to  release  the  trace.  The  in- 
vention represented  in  our  out  is  an  im- 
proved buckle  for  connecting  the  trace  tug 
with  the  hame. 

The  buckle  frame  consists  of  two  side 
bars  which  are  united  at  each  end  by  rods. 
One  end  of  each  of  the  bars  is  turned  up- 


ward, as  shown,  so  that  the  end  of  the  tug 
can  pass  between  the  end  rod  and 
cross  rod  which  unites  the  side  bars  at  the 
point  where  they  are  bent.  The  tongue  is 
loosely  attached  to  another  cross  bar  which 
unites  the  two  side  bars  a  short  distance 
from  the  opposite  end  of  the  frame,  and 
extends  forward  towards  the  cross  rod, 
where  it  is  bent  upward  so  as  to  pas3 
through  the  hole  in  the  tug  and  into  a  hole 
in  the  flat  staple  plate,  between  which  and 
the  frame  the  tug  passes.  A  flat  spring  has 
one  end  also  secured  to  the  cross  bar,  and 
extends  forward  so  as  to  bear  against  the 
under  side  of  the  tongue  and  keep  it  in 
place. 

The  buckle  is  very  strong  and  can  be 
easily  released  when  desired,  in  order  to 
change  its  position.  The  peculiar  construc- 
tion of  the  tongue  permits  the  strain  to 
come  square  upon  the  side  of  the  hole  in 
the  tug,  so  that  it  will  last  much  longer 
than  when  the  ordinary  tongue  is  employ- 
ed. A  bar  provides  a  fastening  for  the 
hame  tug  so  that  the  two  tugs  will  be  con- 
nected to  the  buckle.  It  will  be  seen  that 
the  tug  passes  between  the  two  bars  with- 
out being  bent,  and  is  held  in  that  position 
by  the  tongue  of  the  buckle.  By  so  doing 
there  is  no  possibility  of  the  tug  getting 
fixed  so  as  to  render  it  difficult  to  move. 
By  the  tug  passing  through  the  buckle 
without  being  bent,  an  important  object  is 
accomplished,  because  it  does  not  wear 
out  so  quickly.  After  a  tug  has  been  in 
one  place  in  the  old-fashioned^  buckle  for 
any  length  of  time,  one  thickness  of  the 
leather  is  usually  worn  out,  naturally 
weakening  it.  By  the  use  of  this  buckle 
the  harness  will  last  much  longer,  for  this 
difficulty  is  entirely  obviated,  the  strain 
not  coming  on  so  small  a  portion  of  the 
leather.  This  very  useful  invention  was 
patented  through  the  Scientific  Pkess 
agency,  by  N.  D.  Fowler,  of  Valley  Ford, 
Sonoma  Co.,  Cal.  Wiester  and  Co.,  No. 
17  New  Montgomery  street,  are  agents. 


March  g,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


153 


Our    Home    Industries. 

The   Pacific  Wire  and  Wire  Rope  Co. 

The  necessities  of  onr  community  have 
lately  called  into  existence  the  above- 
named  company  whoso  efforts  to  establish 
a  wire  manufactory  ou  a  permanont  ba- 
sis,  have  mot  with  successful  results.  The 
capital  of  the  company  is  8100,000,  but  as 
yet  only  $20,000  capital  has  been  called  iu. 
The  trustees  are  Jas.  B.  Stetson 
(Pres.),  J.  M.  Eokfeldt,  Thos.  Nelson,  Ed. 
.  J.  Gray,  A.  Furhman  and  A.  S. 
Hallidie,  tho  latter  being  Agont  of  the  com- 
pany. 

The  works  are  situated  on  Brannan  street, 
between  Third  and  Fourth.  The  main 
boOding,  two  stories  high,  occupies  a 
space  of  35x135  feet.  Operations  wero 
commenced  in  October  last,  since  when 
the  weight  of  wire  sold  by  them  has  aver- 
aged about  20  tons  a  month.  They  have 
40-horse  power  available  from  an  adjoining 
planing  mill  and  give  employment  to  about 
20  men.  They  have  at  the  factory 
38  drawing  blocks  and  turn  out  all  kinds 
of  wiro  from  tho  largest  size  down  to  No. 
30.  The  largest  made  is  %  of  an  inch  in 
diameter  and  the  finest  (No.  3G  which  is 
four-one  thousandths  of  an  inch)  would 
require  250  laid  side  by  side  to  make  an 
inch. 

We  saw  at  the  factory  a  stock  of  about 
100  tons  of  rods,  and  there  are  at  the  agents 
about  20  tons  of  wire,  both  fine  and  coarse. 
There  are  three  annealing  furnaces,  two 
large,  with  a  capacity  of  3,500,  and  one 
small,  with  a  capacity  of  1,500  pounds. 
The  drying  room  is  provided  with  heating 
apparatus,  which  enables  them  to  dry 
about  three  tons  of  wire  at  a  time.  We 
saw  the  process  of  tinning  and  also  that 
of  coppering  wire,  the  latter  of  which 
forms  an  important  branch  of  the  business. 
The  coppered  wire  is  good  for  making 
springs  for  mattrasses,  etc.,  and  the  tinned 
wire  the  broom  makers  use.  The  former 
is  run  through  a  bath  containing  copper 
in  solution,  the  bundle  of  wire  revolving 
in  it  is  drawn  through  the  dies  two 
or  three  times,  according  to  the  color  it  is 
desired  to  make  it. 

Ail  the  rods  for  making  the  wire  are  at 
present  imported  from  England,  and  one 
advantage  which  the  company  possess  is  that 
the  import  duty  on  rods  is  1  %  cents  per 
pound  while  that  on  wire  is  2  cents  per 
pound  and  15  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  While 
they  import  only  three  kinds  of  rods, 
there  are  125  kinds  of  wire  used  in  the 
trade  here.  Moreover,  the  wiro  is  much 
more  susceptible  to  damage  during  the 
voyage  than  the  rods.  These  rods  can  be 
laid  down  here  from  5  to  7%  cents,  accord- 
ing to  quality,  while  ordinary  baling  wire 
sells  for  about  8  cents  per  pound,  and  is 
made  from  the  cheapest  rods.  The  com- 
pany are  now  receiving  monthly  ship- 
ments of  about  35  tons  of  rods. 

At  present  they  are  supplying  broom, 
mattrass,  spring,   wiro    rope,    and    wire 

cloth  makers,  and  turning  out  considerable 

wiro    for  baling    and   fencing  purposes. 

They  propose  in  time  to  erect  galvanizing 

works  for   galvanizing  wire.     They  have 

so  far  found  more  business    than    their 

present  facilities    enable    them    to    meet 

fairly,  and  they  consequently  propose  to 

enlarge  the  works  and  increase  the  capital. 

At  present   they  have  as  much  to  do  as 

they    can   attend  to   and    find    this    new 

home  industry  acorn  plete  success. 
* — i    ^    i  i 

Amethysts. — Queen  Charlotte's  necklace 
of  perfect  and  well  matched  amethysts, 
which  was  worth  $10,000,  in  her  time, 
would  not  bring  $500  to-day,  so  rich  is  the 
amethyst  region  of  Seven  Mountains  on 
the  Bhine.  May  not  the  increased  supply 
of  diamonds,  now  pouring  into  Europe 
from  South,  Africa,  and  the  apparently  il- 
limitable supply  to  come,  soon  effect  a 
similar  depreciation  in  the  value  of  even 
that  most  precious  of  all  gems  ? 


An    Improved   Bolt-Fastening 
ment  for  Locks. 


Attach- 


Tho  accompanying  illustration  repre- 
sents an  improved  bolt-fastening  attach- 
ment for  locks,  which  is  intended  to  pre- 
vent the  possibility  of  tho  key  being  turned 
from  tho  outside.  It  may  be  used  on  an  or- 
dinary mortise  door  lock.  The  escutcheon 
plate,  B,  and  tho  flat  spring,  A,  are  secured 
upon  the  inside  of  the  door,  above  tho  key- 
hole, by  the  same  screw.  The  spring,  A, 
extends  at  an  angle  from  the  keyhole  to- 
wards the  face  of  the  lock,  so  that  its  free 
ond  will  bo  ovor  the  bolt  of  tho  lock.  On 
the  underside  of  the  free  end  of  the  spring, 
At  is  a  pin  which  passos  through  a  hole  in 
the  door,  and  also  through  a  holo  in  the 
bolt. 

The  escutcheon  plate,  B,  has  a  spring 
arm  extending  upwards  towards  the  spring, 
A ,  from  the  side  next  the  face  of  the  lock ; 
and  also  has  a  recess  cut  out  of  its  opposite 
side  which  clasps  the  shank  of  the  key,  when 
the  plate  is  thrown  down.  When  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  spring  arm  is  pressed  down 
so  as  to  pass  under  the  spring,  A,  the 
escutcheon  plate,  B,  is  thrown  outward 
from  the  key,  the  extremity  or  free  end  of 
the  spring,  A,  will  be  lifted  so  as  to  free 


BOLT    ATTACHMENT    FOB,    LOCKS. 

the  pin  from  the  bolt  and  allow  the  lock  to 
be  operated. 

When  the  escutcheon  plate,  B,  is  thrown 
down  over  the  keyhole  the  spring  arm 
will  be  freed  from  the  spring,  A,  and  stand 
opposite  its  edge,  thus  preventing  the  re- 
moval of  the  plate,  without  at  the  same 
time  pressing  the  arm  downward.  The 
key  being  clasped  in  the  recess  on  the 
side  of  the  plate,  cannot  be  pushed  out  of 
the  keyhole  either  when  the  door  is  locked 
or  unlocked. 

By  the  use  of  this  device  it  will  be  im- 
possible for  burglars  to  open  the  lock  from 
the  outside  of  the  door,  as  the  pin  on  the 
end  of  the  spring  prevents  the  bolt  being 
moved  either  way  while  the  key  already 
secured  in  the  hole  prevents  the  employ- 
ment of  another.  The  device  can  be  at- 
tached to  the  inside  of  a  door  or  to  the  side 
of  a  lock  and  when  the  bolt  is  thrown  out 
it  will  be  secured  so  as  to  prevent  its  be^ 
ing  turned  back  to  unlock  the  door  by  a 
person  on  the  outside. 

The  invention  is  a  simple  and  useful  one, 
and  it  merits  universal  adoption,  for  the 
key  is  in  no  danger  of  being  pushed  out 
and  oannot  be  turned  from  the  outside, 
while  its  simplicity  and  cheapness  are  also 
good  recommendations.  It  was  patented 
through  the  Scientific  Peess  Patent 
Agency,  by  Chas.  F.  Townsend  and  A.  P. 
Potter,  of  Oakland,  Alameda  County,  Cal. 

Sales. — Some  very  valuable  mines  in 
Alturas,  Idaho,  have  been  sold  at  good 
prices  to  English  capitalists,  who  will  im- 
mediately put  up  large  mills.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  mining  operations  will  soon  be 
as  extensive  there  as  they  are  now  at  Owy- 
hee. 


British    Africa— Diamonds    and    Gold. 

It  is  now  only  about  two  years  since  authentic 
information  was  received  of  the  discovery,  in 
paying  quantities,  of  diamonds  in  South  Africa. 
Twelve  months  ago  tho  diamond  fields  were 
supposed  to  be  confined  to  a  region  of  less  than 
10,000  square  miles.  Subsequent  explorations 
have  already  extended  them  over  an  urea  of 
about  150,000  square  miles,  or  a  territory  nearly 
as  largo  as  tho  Stato  of  California;  and  now 
oonies  the  reported  discovery  of  gold,  and  that, 
too,  in  wonderful  quantities! 

English  Annexation. 
The  diamond  fields  were  quite  outside  of  the 
British  Possessions  proper,  or  in  fact  of  any 
other  duly  established  civilized  government; 
but  tho  Cape  Colony  government  claimed  a  sort 
of  protectorate  over  tho  native  tribes  which 
inhabited  those  regions,  which  soon  after  the 
diamond  discovery  was  extended  to  actual 
possession.  Two  colonies  of  Butch  settlers, 
engaged  in  farming  and  sheep  raising,  and 
known  as  the  Orange  Free  State  and  Transvaal 
Republic,  were  tho  nearest  duly  organized 
European  colonies  to  the  diamond  fields.  A 
few  months  only  passed  before  the  diamond 
discoveries  were  extended  to  within  the  juris- 
diction of  both  those  colonies,  and  now,  simul- 
taneously with  an  announced  discovery  of  gold 
in  the  latter  named  colony,  we  hear  that  the 
Cape  Colony  authorities,  acting  under  instruc- 
tions from  the  Home  Government,  are  issuing 
proclamations  (five  in  number)  annexing  to  the 
British  Possessions  portions  of  both  these 
Dutch  Bepublics — all  in  fact  that  is  supposed 
to  be  valuable  for  either  gold  or  diamonds.  Of 
the  question  of  right  in  the  matter  we  know 
but  little ;  but  from  papers  and  documents 
before  us,  emanating  from  these  independent 
governments,  we  learn  that  the  right  is  disputed 
and  solemnly  "protested  "  against.  Of  course 
the  recent  discoveries  have  led  to  quite  an  in- 
flux of  English  miners,  so  much  so  that  they 
are  said  to  outnumber  th  e  Dutch,  and  may  have 
invited  their  friends  to  come  in  and  assume  the 
reins  of  government.  If  so,  the  English  rather 
have  the  advantage,  and  will  undoubtedly  make 
it  another  case  of  "  manifest  destiny!." 
Another  California. 
It  thus  seems  almost  certain  that  Great 
Britain  has  or  soon  will  come  into  quiet  posses- 
sion of  one  of  the  richest  and  most  important 
regions  on  earth — another  California  in  fact, 
worth  vastly  more  than  their  Australian  posses- 
sions. The  climate  of  the  region  is  very  much 
like  that  of  California,  and  it  is  equally  as 
valuable  for  the  variety  and  large  yield  or  its 
agricultural  productions.  Tho  country  is  well 
timbered,  and  watered  by  the  Orange  river — 
a  noble  stream  larger  and  longer  than  the  Sac- 
ramento, though  as  yet  but  little  explored. 
The  gold  discoveries  have  been  made  in  the 
mountains  at  the  head  waters  of  this  river  and 
its  tributaries;  while  the  diamond  fields  are 
located  in  what  corresponds  to  our  foothills. 
History  shows  that  nothing  hastens  coloniza- 
tion like  the  discovery  of  gold;  and  with  both 
gold  and  diamonds,  added  to  a  country  of 
unusual  climatic  and  agricultural  advantages, 
we  can  see  nothing  but  a  brilliant  future  for 
this  latest  El  Dorado. 

The  Diamond  Fields, 

In  then"  geological  structure,  are  very  much 
like  portions  of  the  Table  Mountain  Bange  of 
this  State — clearly  of  volcanic  drift — pebbly 
strata  intermingled  with  tufa  scoriae.  The 
diamonds  are  found  in  the  wash  from  these  de- 
posits, or  in  the  undisturbed  deposits  where 
they  have  been  cut  through  by  modern 
streams. 

The  "finds"  have  sometimes  been  wonderful, 
and  several  millions  of  dollars  have  already 
been  realized  from  the  diamonds  which  have 
been  taken  to  Europe.  The  precious  stones 
are  sometimes  found  near  the  surface,  but  more 
frequently  the  diamond-seeker  goes  down  15, 20 
or  50  feet  deep  to  reach  the  strata  in  which  the 
object  of  his  search  is  found.  The  latter  figure 
is  the  greatest  depth  yet  opened.  The  "diggings" 
are  considered  quite  as  good  as  those  of  Brazil 
or  even  Golconda.  The  claims — 30  feet  square 
— are  staked  out  by  government  officers,  who 
collect  licenses  according  to  the  number  of 
hands  employed  in  each  claim — about  42  cents 
for  each  hand  per  month.  The  revenue  de- 
rived from  this  source  is  devoted  to  maintain- 
ing order,  which  is  everywhere  preserved.  The 
actual  workers  are  mostly  natives  who  labor 
for  75  cts.  per  day  or  50  ets.  and  rations.  There  is 
no  danger  of  the  natives  stealing  the  diamonds, 
a  very  severe  penalty  is  put  upon  any  person 
buying  a  diamond  from  a  native,  and  they  can 
go  no  where  else  to  sell  them. 

The  strata  in  which  the  diamonds  are  found 
when  first  brought  to  the  surface  is  very  hard. 
It  soon,  however,  "slacks"  and  is  then  washed 
in  rockers,  similar  to  "gold  rockers."  The 
heavy  matter  resulting  from  these  washings, 
and  which  is  saved  to  examine  for  diamonds, 
consists  mostly  of  fine  red  gravel  and  variously 
colored  stones,  similar  to  those  found  upon  the 
the  beach  at  Pescadero,  and  upon  the  banks  of 
the  Sacramento  at  Martinez.  This  matter  is 
dried  and  spread  out  upon  a  table  where  it  is 
thoroughly   examined  for  diamonds;    which  is 


usually  done  by  the  claim-holders  or  members 
of  his  family;  many  of  the  diamond -hunters 
being  heads  of  families  who  have  heretofore 
resided  in  the  vicinitv  of  the  mines  or  in  Cape 
Colony  from  300  to  G00  mile  to  the  south.  The 
diamonds  by  working  are  entirely  separated 
from  all  dirt,  and  generally  come  out  bright 
and  clear  as  drops  of  water.  They  however  re- 
quiro  cutting  and  polishing  to  bring  out  the 
yiitter  uud  sparkle  of  the  true  diamond. 

At  the  Mineralogical  Museum  of  Mr.  Henry 
G.  Hanks,  019  Clay  street,  specimens  can  be 
seen  shuwing  the  geological  character  of  the 
region.  At  that  place  may  be  seen  a  specimen  of 
the  "upper  orust"  usitiscalled,  which  Ues  imme- 
diately under  the  loose  soil;  then  the  material 
in  which  the  diamonds  are  found,  correspond- 
ing to  the  "eascahalo"'  of  Brazil,  which  is 
seen  iu  the  sittings  or  residue  of  the  washing  of 
this  substance,  showing  the  minerals  with 
which  tho  diamonds  are  associated,  and 
which,  it  will  be  seen,  is  identical  iu 
character  with  the  well-known  Pescadero 
pebbles.  The  diamonds  themselves,  how- 
ever, are  not  to  be  seen — they  are  rather 
too  valuable  for  even  such  a  wonderful  cabi- 
net as  is  exhibited  by  Mr.  Honks.  These 
specimens  were  obtained  from  Mr.  J.  W.  Riley, 
who  has  recently  returned  from  the  diamond 
fields. 

Order  and  Quiet 
Everywhere  prevails.  No  work  is  done  on  the 
Sabbath;  the  native  colonists,  who  by  theirnum- 
ber  give  character  to  the  community  have  ever 
been  a  quiet,  industrious,  law-abiding  people, 
respecting  the  laws  of  both  God  and  man,  and 
always  keeping  the  Sabbath  day  holy.  The 
English  authorities  insist  upon  continuing  this 
custom.  The  consequence  is  that  life  and 
property  is  as  safe  there  as  in  any  part  of  the 
world. 

The    Gold   Discovery. 

As  already  noted,  these  discoveries  have  been 
recently  made  and  are  now  confirmed.  The 
gold  is  found  in  the  Transvaal  Republic,  along 
the  upper  waters  of  the  rivers,  above  the  dia- 
mond fields,  in  a  range  of  mountains  quite  as 
extensive  and  elevated  as  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
and  very  closely  resembling  them  in  direction, 
position  with  regard  to  the  sea,  and  general 
geological  formation.  The  gold  thus  far  dis- 
covered is  upon  the  slope  opposite  to  the  sea, 
or  inland.  But  there  is  good  reason  to  expect 
that  it  will  also  be  found  on  the  opposite  or 
seaward  slope.  The  gold  is  found  in  latitude 
25  degs.  S.  and  longitude  107  E.  from  "Wash- 
ington. It  is  found  in  both  gravel  and  in 
quartz.  The  gravel  (surface)  is  reported  very 
rich  and  coarse.  Several  quartz  ledges  have 
been  found  which  show  rich  gold  upon  the 
croppings.  None,  at  last  accounts,  had  been 
explored  beneath  the  surface.  About  a  ton  of 
the  quartz  and  some  of  the  gravel  had  been 
taken  to  Natal  for  examination  and  proof  of 
the  reality  of  the  discovery ;  and  many  persons 
are  leaving  for  the  mines.  "We  gather  these 
facts  from  extracts  from  the  Transvaal  and 
Natal  papers,  and  from  information  furnished 
by  Mr.  Riley. 

How  to  Get  to  the  Diamond  Fields. 

There  are  several  well  established  lines  of 
stages,  one  or  more  of  which  are  under  Yankee 
management,  with  "Concord  Coaches,"  run- 
ning from  the  various  ports  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  Colony,  with  distances  varying 
from  600  to  750  miles— fare  about  $75.  The 
Cape  ports  may  be  reached  by  sailing  vessels 
which  are  frequently  leaving  Boston  or  New 
York,  either  direct  or  to  touch  there.  There 
is  also  a  regular  steampship  line  from  South- 
ampton, Eng.,  to  Cape  Town  and  Port  Eliza- 
beth— fare  $150,  time,  50  days.  Provisions, 
clothing,  etc.,  can  be  purchased  as  cheap  at  the 
Cape  ports  as  in  England  or  New  York. 
«-*..  ^»  •«-  -•— . 

Golden   Chariot  Mining  Co. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Golden  Char- 
iot Co.  was  held  on  the  4th  inst.,  and  the 
following  Trustees  elected:  S.  Steinhart,  G. 
L.  Bradley.A.  J.  Bryant,  D.  Pay,  S.  Link- 
ton,  C.  W.  Fox,  and  A.  H.  Lissak  Jr.  The 
Secretary's  report  shows  the  following 
items: 

BEOEIFTS. 

Cash  on  hand,  February  1, 1871 $60,954 

Assessment 80,000 

Bullion  production .  j 396,653 

Miscellaneous 5 .393 

Overdrawn  in  bank •■••  4,084 

Total 8547,084 

DISBDBSEMENTS. 

Dividends  to  stockholders $130, 000 

Golden  Chariot  Stull  Company 20,234 

General  expenses * 11,921 

Milling 133,280 

Hauling 24,039 

Labor.. "3,871 

SupplieB 48,205 

Freight  on  treasure 7,107 

Miscellaneous 20,548 

In  the  hands  of  the  Superintendent 1,819 

Total $547,084 

The  miscellaneous  disbursements  embrace 

assaying,  exchange,   freight   on   supplies, 

machinery,  interest,  office  rent,  etc.     The 

total  assets  amount  to  $74,903  against  $19,- 

084  liabilities. 

Peospectoes  from  Chico  have  struck  a 
good  lead  on  the  Bidwell  road,  about  25 
miles  from  that  place. 


154 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  g,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Soup,  and  H§w  to  Make  It. 

It  is,  I  think,  much  to  be  regetted  that 
good  soup  is  unlaiown  in  nine  houses  out 
of  ten;  for  the  wishy-washy,  greasy  liquid 
which  ignorant  cooks,  who  have  no  knowl- 
edge of  the  science  of  cookery,  impose 
upon  their  employers,  is  not  soup  at  all; 
and  one  might  just  as  well  imbibe  the 
water  in  which  the  dishes  of  yesterday's 
dinner  were  washed.  The  unwilling  guest 
is  too  often  forced  to  partake  of  a  nauseous 
and  indigestible  composition,  which  an- 
noys the  palate,  and  against  which  the 
stomach  will  revolt.  How  much  better  it 
would  be  to  commence  dinner  with  some 
plainly  dressed  but  wholesome  fish,  or  a 
thick  soup,  which  can  be  achieved  by  any 
tolerable  cook;  but  to  make  a  good  clear 
soup  requires  experience  and  skill,  and  a 
certain  amount  of  knowledge  of  the  chem- 
istry of  gastronomy.  A  good  clear  soup 
is  a  chef  d'ceuvre,  and  is  infallibly  the  work 
of  a  culinary  artist  of  no  mean  order. 
Stock  is  the  basis  of  all  soups;  it  is  the 
soul  of  cookery;  and  it  is  hardly  to  be  ex- 
pected that  one  with  but  a  smattering  of 
culinary  knowledge  (most  cooks  knowless 
of  cookery  than  anything  else)  should  yet 
be  able  to  understand  its  vital  principle. 

Thick  soups  are  useful  for  luncheon; 
and  when  a  substatial  meal  is  required 
they  are  better  calculated  to  satisfy  the 
appetite;  whereas  thin  soups,  to  a  certain 
extent,  only  excite  it.  Hence,  when  other 
things  are  to  follow,  and  it  is  not  intended 
to  choke  off  the  guest  at  first,  a  clear  soup 
tends  to  stimulate  the  appetite  to  further 
gastronomic  delights,  whilst  a  thick  soup 
is  calculated  to  cause  repletion,  and  so  to 
prevent  the  palate  from  enjoying  those 
pleasures  which  the  art  of  cookery,  with  a 
lavish  hand,  presents  to  its  consideration. 

The  skillful  amalgamation  of  materials, 
aided  by  knowledge  of  the  essential  prin- 
ples  of  culinary  chemistry,  constitutes  a 
judicious  combination  of  subtle  essences 
and  mysterious  flavors,  all  evident,  but 
none  predominating — an  harmonious  and 
delicate  mixture  of  vegetable  and  animal 
juices,  which  the  enraptured  epicure  de- 
nominates soup.  The  stock,  the  corner- 
stone of  the  fabric,  should  be  made  of  good 
fresh  meat;  the  stock-pot  should  be  gradu- 
ally heated  to  the  boiling  point,  and 
vegetables,  etc.,  added;  it  should  be  well 
skimmed  and  cold  water  should  be  occa- 
sionally thrown  in  to  facilitate  the  rising 
of  the  scum,  as  this  process  of  skimming 
is  essential  to  the  making  of  -good  soup. 
The  kind  of  meat  should  be  either  leg  or 
shin  of  beef;  the  meat  should  be  cut  off 
the  bone,  and  the  bone  should  be  chopped. 
The  stock-pot  should  not  be  allowed  to  boil 
again,  but  should  be  gently  simmered  for 
five  or  six  hours;  and  by  this  process  the 
full  flavor  is  extracted  both  from  the  meat 
and   from    the    vegetables. 

Stock,  too,  should  always  be  made  the 
day  before  it  is  required  to  be  used  for 
soup,  as  the  fat  will,  when  cold,  settle 
upon  the  top  of  it  in  cakes,  which  are 
very  easily  removed.  Bones  of  fowls, 
game',  rabbits,  or  meat  trimmings,  may  be 
used  in  addition  to  leg  or  shin  of  beef  in 
the  preparation  of  stock;  but  to  make  it 
for  white  soups  it  must  necessarily  be 
white,  and  so  veal,  fowl,  and  rabbit  only  are 
admissible  in  making  white  stock.  I  think 
that  soup  is  worthy  of  occupying  a  high 
place  in  the  scale  of  culinary  education, 
and  a  prominent  position  in  the  study  of 
dietetics,  when  it  is  remembered  that  the 
essence  of  meat  is  rendered  more  palata- 
ble and  digestible  when  mixed  with  other 
essences  and  flavors. — Ex. 

Cooking  Food  Below  2123  F. —  Dr. 
Jeanel.  From  a  series  of  experiments,  it 
appears  that  food  (meat  as  well  as  vegeta- 
bles) boiled  at  200°  is  more  nutritious  and 
of  better  flavor  than  when  boiled  at  or 
above  212°.  The  author  illustrates  this 
point  by  what  takes  place  in  mountain 
localities  (every  100  metres'  rise  above  the 
sea-level  makes  a  difference  of  0.6°  less  in 
the  boiling-point  of  water) ;  as,  for  in- 
stance, at  Potosi,  Bolivia,  at  4,061  metres 
above  sea-level,  the  water  boils  at  187°;  at 
Mexico,  2,277  meters  above  sea-level,  water 
boils  at  198°;  at  Brianeon,  France,  1,321 
metres  above  sea-level,  at  1S4°,  also  by  the 
action  of  the  so-called  Norwegian  cooking 
apparatus. 

A  Substitute  foe  Butter. — It  may  in- 
terest many  of  our  readers  to  know  that 
the  demand  for  clarified  beef  suet,  as  a 
substitute  for  butter  for  cooking  purposes, 
is  increasing.  It  is  sold  in  London  for 
half  the  price  of  the  best  butter;  and  it 
will  keep  good  much  longer,  without  the 
admixture  of  salt. 


How  to  Teap  Eats. — These  vermin  are 
often  a  sore  pest  to  housekeepers,  and  any 
new  idea  which  will  lead  to  their  exter- 
mination is  always  of  interest.  A  corres- 
pondent of  the  Germantown  Telegraph 
writes  as  follows:  "To  keep  rats  within 
endurable  bounds  is  somewhat  a  difficult 
matter,  for  a  rat  is  as  cunning  as  a  fox, 
and  as  hard  to  catch;  but  there  is  such  a 
thing  as  working  strategy  on  it.  A  rat 
never  digs  a  hole  without  it  has  some  pro- 
jection to  begin  with,  say  a  stone,  a  stick 
of  wood,  or  anything  else  that  makes  an 
angle  with  the  ground;  a  cellar  wall  it 
likes  the  best.  If  a  rat  is  chased  in  a  cel- 
lar, or  other  room,  it  will  run  round  by 
the  wall,  and  is  decidely  averse  to  leaving 
it.  From  this  habit  we  have  a  hint  how 
to  out-general  it.  The  common  steel-trap 
is  the  best  article  for  the  purpose.  Stand 
a  barrel  or  box,  or  other  article,  within 
four  inches  of  the  wall,  and  in  that  open 
space  set  the  trap,  without  anything  to 
hide  it.  The  rat,  in  following  the  wall,  will 
go  into  the  trap  rather  than  go  round  the 
barrel.  When  it  is  caught,  smoke  the  trap 
with  a  piece  of  burning  paper,  shift  your 
barrel  to  another  place  and  set  the  trap  as 
before. 


Good  Feietj  Cakes. — A  correspondent 
of  the  American  Rural  Home  furnishes  that 
journal  the  following:  Take  one-half  cup 
of  sugar;  one  cup  of  sour  cream;  one  egg; 
one  tea-spoon  full  of  cream  of  tartar;  one 
tea-spoon  full  of  soda,  and  a  little  salt. 
First  beat  the  egg,  then  add  the  sugar, 
stirring  to  a  creamy  consistency;  dissolve 
the  cream  of  tartar  and  soda  together  in  a 
cup  of  cream  and  add  to  the  egg  and  sugar, 
stirring  in  the  flour  until  the  mass  be- 
comes quite  stiff.  Then  flour  the  niould- 
ing-board,  turn  upon  it  the  dough,  work 
in  as  little  extra  flour  as  possible  in  getting 
the  mass  to  a  proper  consistency  for  fry- 
ing. Sweet  cream  or  milk  may  be  used 
when  sour  cannot  be  had. 


How  to  Choose  Buttee. — Put  a  knife 
into  the  butter  if  salt,  and  smell  it  when 
drawn  out;  if  there  is  anything  rancid  or 
unpleasant,  it  is  bad.  Being  made  at  dif- 
ferent time,  the  layers  in  casks  will  vary 
greatly,  and  you  will  not  easily  come  at 
the  goodness  but  by  unhooping  the  cask, 
and  trying  it  between  the  staves.  Fresh 
butter  ought  to  smell  like  a  nosegay,  and 
be  an  equal  color  all  through;  if  sour  it 
has  not  been  washed  enough ;  if  veiny  and 
open,  it  has  been  mixed  with  an  inferior 
sort. 

A  solution  of  three  parts  of  borax  and 
two  and  a  half  parts  of  sulphate  of  magne- 
sia will  render  dress  fabrics  fire-proof. 


Mechanical  Hints. 

Alloy  foe  Joining  Beass  to  Ieon. — 
The  difficulty  of  uniting  iron  to  brass  [is 
created  by  the  unequal  rate  of  expansion 
in  the  two  metals,  which  destroyes  the 
unity  when  the  temperature  is  changed. 
There  is  an  alloy  of  copper  for  which  the 
inventor  claims  that  its  expansion  by  heat 
is  so  similar  to  that  of  iron  and  steel,  that 
the  surfaces  may  be  regarded,  when  joined, 
as  permanently  united  for  all  practical 
purposes.  The  formula  is  as  follows:  Tin, 
three  parts;  copper,  thirty-nine  and  a  half 
parts;  and  zinc,  seven  and  a  half  parts. 

Aechitectueal  Competition  in  Beelin. 
The  German  government  intends  to  erect 
a  new  Parliament  house  in  Berlin,  and 
architects  of  all  nations  are  invited  to  send 
in  designs  for  the  building  before  April 
15th  next,  appending  their  names,  to  the 
Imperial  Chancery  in  Berlin.  A  prize, 
amounting  to  about  $4,250  of  our  money, 
will  be  awarded  for  the  accepted  design, 
and  smaller  premiums  will  be  given  for 
each  of  the  next  four,  in  the  order  of 
merit. 

Bronzing. — The  red  bronze  seen  on 
some  chandelier  work  is  produced  by  dip- 
ping the  work  in  nitric  acid,  in  which  old 
rusty  nails  or  iron  must  have  been  put. 
The  work  is  afterwards  dressed  with  Vene- 
tian red  and  stale  beer,  and  well  brushed; 
wiping  the  mixture  off  from  the  most 
prominent  parts.  The  operation  seems 
simple,  but  it  requires  no  mean  skill  to 
secure  good  results  and  tasteful  effects. 

Feench  silver  lac  consists  of  very  finely 
divided  tin  precipitated  from  its  solution 
by  means  of  zinc.  Applied  by  some  ad- 
hesive substance  to  wood,  paper,  and 
metals,  it  communicates  to  them  a  metallic 
silvery  appearance. 

Damp  walls  may  be  prepared  for  paint- 
ing by  applying  with  a  brush,  while  hot, 
a  mixture  composed  of  one  pound  of  glue 
dissolved  in  a  gallon  of  water  and  thicken- 
ed with  red  lead. 


Desilverizing  Black  Copper. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Mining  Journal 
describes  the  process  of  desilverizing 
black  copper,  by  a  cold  salt  solution,  as 
practiced  at  the  Tajovaer  copper  works,  as 
follows:  The  metal  treated  at  these  works 
consists  of  the  Altgebirg  black  copper, 
free  from  lead,  containing  80 — 84  p.  c. 
copper,  0.0003 — 0.00036  grammes  silver 
and  3.7  percent,  antimony;  and  the  plurnb- 
iferous  roasted  copper  from  the  silver 
works  containing  70.80  per  cent,  copper, 
0.0002—0.00025  pounds  silver,  and  9.15 
per  cent  lead.  Also  the  cement  copper 
from  the  mint  at  Vienna  containing  40.60 
per  cent,  copper  and  0.0005  —  0.0023 
grammes  silver. 

After  having  been  reduced  to  a  proper 
condition  of  fineness,  the  copper  is  sub- 
jected to  a  ehloridizing  roasting  in  a  fur- 
nace having  a  double  hearth.  The  pre- 
cautions being  observed  in  mixing  the 
ores  that  the  percentage  of  lead  in  the 
copper  must  not  exceed  7  per  cent. ;  that 
the  subordinate  products  added  shall  be 
divided  equally  among  the  different 
charges  to  the  furnace,  and  that  the  differ- 
ent charges  to  be  roasted  are  made  as  uni- 
form as  possible.  The  preliminary  roast- 
ing is  carried  on  in  the  upper  hearth,  and 
thisjlasts  5.7  hours,  a  dark  red  heat  being 
maintained  and  the  charge  continually 
worked  over.  Lumps  of  ore  must  be  pre- 
vented as  far  as  possible,  as  hindering  the 
formation  of  argentic  chlorides.  The 
charge  is  then  removed  to  the  lower 
hearth  where  the  silver  is  entirely  con- 
verted to  argentic  chloride  at  a  high  red 
heat.  At  this  period  those  portions  rich 
in  silver  (e.  g.  cement  copper)  are  added, 
which  it  is  desired  to  roast  as  short  a  time 
as  possible. 

In  order  to  decompose  the  antimoniates 
and  arseniates  formed  and  to  volatilize 
the  antimony,  about  4  per  cent,  of  coal 
dust  is  added  in  three  charges,  at  intervals 
of  half  an  hour.  The  last  roasting  is  in- 
tended in  part  to  change  the  salts  and 
chloride  of  copper  and  iron  to  basic  salts 
and  oxides.  After  the  roasting  has  been 
completed  the  fire  is  withdrawn  and  the 
charge  gradually  cooled  for  half  an  hour, 
being  continually  raked  over;  after  which 
it  is  formed  into  a  pyramid  and  left  to  the 
action  of  the  chlorine  for  another  half 
hour.  After  this  the  charge  is  withdrawn 
from  the  furnace,  having  gained  30.33  per 
cent,  in  weight  by  oxidation  and  ohlorina- 
tion,  and  is  spread  out  on  iron  plates. 
After  becoming  cold  the  ore  is  passed 
through  a  rotary  sieve  to  separate  the 
lumps  formed.  The  silver  is  extracted  by 
a  sodium  chloride  solution,  having  a  den- 
sity 22°  B.,  and  temperature  of  12°— 20°  C, 
in  order  to  entirely  dissolve  the  argentic 
chloride,  which  temperature  must  be 
maintained  in  the  room  for  the  workmen 
in  the  winter,  so  that  the  solution  requires 
to  be  heated  but  very  seldom.  The  silver 
is  precipitated  by  granulated  copper  and 
the  copper  by  iron.  The  sodium  chloride 
dissolves  most  of  the  silver  within  the  first 
two  hours,  which  gradually  decreases  so 
that  in  the  thirtieth  to  the  thirty-third 
hour  it  contains  but  a  trace  of  it. 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


The   Wine    Interest. 

The  Napa  Register  collates  the  following 
touching  the  wine  interest:  "The  product 
of  the  principal  wine  districts  of  the  south 
of  Europe — the  south  of  France — the 
Bhine  and  Moselle  in  Germany — is  largely 
deficient,  both  in  quantity  and  quality. 
In  Portugal  and  Spain,  including  their 
dependencies,  the  Azore  and  Madeira 
islands,  the  quantity  is  short  and  the 
quality  poor.  In  Hungary  the  quantity  is 
fair,  but  quality  very  poor.  In  short,  the 
vintage  of  1871  is  almost  a  failure  in  all 
these  districts  from  which  our  country  has 
hitherto  drawn  its  supplies.  As  a  natu- 
ral result  of  this  failure,  our  California 
wines  will  be  in  demand.  The  foreign 
market  being  short,  we  must  supply  the 
demand  in  the  Eastern  States;  hence,  the 
prices  of  native  wines  must  rapidly  and 
materially  advance.  Indeed,  we  learn  that 
speculators  are  now  paying  thirty-five 
cents  per  gallon  for  Mission  wines,  which 
have  heretofore  commanded  no  more  than 
twenty-five  cents ;  and  wines  of  foreign 
variety  are  advancing  accordingly." 

The  engineer  of  the  Alexandria,  Va., 
hydraulic  steam  fire-engine,  while  cleaning 
out  his  apparatus  a  few  days  ago,  found 
three  live  fish  in  the  pumps.  They  had 
undergone  some  rough  treatment  since 
they  left  the  street  mains,  having  lost  all 
their  scales,  and  a  portion  of  their  tails, 
but  otherwise  were  apparently  in  good 
condition. 


Minees,  mechanics,  write  for  yourpaper. 


One  of  those  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  hank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-lm  Placerville,  Cal. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPOETEES    OP    AND    DEALEBS    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  6treet,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

—AND— 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  sinco 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances— L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sous,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  SonB,  Antwerp- 
Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  "Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifl- 
ers.  Roasting  DiBbes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Colebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers— 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  AssayerB'  Hard- 
ware—a full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
BSf  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled* 

>5For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  numbor  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  issufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  follows; 

The  pan  being  flUed,  the  motion  of  the  ruuller  forcea 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  botween  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  isthrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill- men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


GOLD-SAVING 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOE    MINEES    AND    MILL    MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Plating- Works,  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 

Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

E.  a.  DENNISTOIT,  Proprietor. 
24v22-3m 


C-4JCI»"WTEI.I.'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v2t-3in  ¥M.  CALDWELL. 


March  9,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


155 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BHOWNE, 

OJB001  rs'o.  -in  m< .11 1  ^' ■  ,,,.  1  >   1  :\ . ..  i. . 

Ban  Fbaiiouco,  Cal. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
MTATIJ-iTIOIATf. 

RoporU  and  Mtimabm  made  about  All  departmrnU  ol 
Production,  Commerce,  And   MAUUfacluro,  ol  Lb 

CoAJil.  ^vJI  1 1 


Spectacles   My  Specialty. 


1     MILLER,  Optician, 
SOo  Montgomery  Bbnat,  Ituss  Block. 

JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

420   Montgomery   Street* 

8.  W.  corner  Haeraiuento. 
Surveying  Itiiituiiii-iit-i  in.vlr,   require ■i  and  adjusted 
1;  :ini 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

SUBQEON. 
No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SA.WYER, 

No.  485  Uraunan  Street 8an  Fbancisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St.,  bot.  First  aad  Second, 


lilv.vi-tf 


SACItAslt^-ro. 


WM.    BAKTLIKO.  IIKSKY    KIMBALL. 

BARTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Bulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

.'.».".  tiny  •treet.Oiouthwcstcor.  Sansome), 
16vI2  Jm  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


8A.IV    FBANCleCO 

COEDAG E     C O  M  P  A  N  T . 

Miiuil!.  Bopfl  of  nil  Hizcs.    Also.  B11I0  Rope  and  Whale 
Lino  constantly  on  hand.     Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
Lpf  any  size  and  length  ru.'.iiuf:K'tured  to  order. 
TUBB8  &  CO.,  Agents, 

2G  611  and  613  Front  Btreet. 


JOSEPH   GILLOTT'S 

STEEL     FEISTS. 
Bold  by  alt  Dcalora  Hirnuifliout the  World, 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

S  E  A.  X^      ENGBATEB, 

AK1I  LETTEB  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  OOS  Sacramento  street, 

8an  Kraucisco.    Order,  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


INTERNATIONAL    HOTEL, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Thla  Favorito  House  Is  located  on  Jackson  street,  a 
few  doors  west  from  Montgomery:  offers  the  greatest  in- 
ducements for  Families.  The  International  Coach  will 
be  at  ouch  Car  Depot  and  Steamboat,  plainly  marked  In- 
ternational Hotel,  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Hotel 
FltKK,  and  to  any  part  of  the  city  at  reasonable  rates. 
F.  E.  WEY.GANT  &  H.  C.  PARTRIDGE, 

24v22-3m  Proprietors, 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum   Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    «41     KEARNY    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Fine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

Tho  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Mekkscuaomh  Mountkd  with  Silveb.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  ltopaired.    Amber  Mouth-piecosFittod. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

K.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

GBAND,  SaUABE  AND  UPRIGHT. 


Pianos  to  Let. 


ma!8-tf 


A.    EEYHAN, 


I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
Opposite  old  Capitol,  Saobamento. 


oiles  n.  orat.  jambs  m.  havkk. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  HW, 

In  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.,  N.  E.  corner  Call. 

fornla  and  LeidesdorfT streets, 

SAN  FRANCICO. 


CARS, 

LIOLIT,     STRONG     AND     ELEGANT, 


Omnibuses     of    Every     Style 


This  pluiif  er  firm,  who  are  now  Rending  out  their  superior  work,  of  tho  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  tin-  globe,  would  tail  tho  especial  attention  of  Itailroud  men  and  Guilders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-2Gt 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


BALDWIN     LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS. 


M.  BAIRD  &  CO.,    Philadelphia, 

MANUFACTURERS   OF  LOCOMOTIVE  ENGINES, 
Especially  adapted  to  Every  Variety  of  Railroad  Uso,  Including 

Mining  Engines  and  Locomotives  for  Narrow  Gauge  Railways. 

ALL    WORK    ACCURATELY    FITTED    TO    GAUGES,    AND    THOROUGHLY    INTERCHANGEABLE. 


Plan,  Materials,  Workmanship,  Finish  and  Efficiency  Fully  Guaranteed 
51.  BAIRD,  CHAS.  T.  PARRY,  WM.  P.  HENSZEY, 

GEO.  BURNHAM  EDWARD  H.  WILLIAMS,  EDWARD  L0NG8TRETH. 

«y  Williams,  BlanchAivd  k  Co.,  Agents,  218  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  apl-eow26t 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


OVER    300    IN    USE. 

BEST    IN    THE    MARKET. 

Engines,    Pumps,   Etc.,   Manufactured  and 
on  Hand. 

0y  For  pamphlets  and  testimonials  address 

BOOT  STEAM  ENGINE  CO., 

Twenty-eighth  Street,  corner  Second  Avenue, 
20v22-eow-2Gt  New  Yobk. 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    BEEVES    &   CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bridges,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Etc. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  cither  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will,  he  mailed  on  appli- 
cation to  our  Uiddress,  No.  410  Walnut  Btreet,  Phila- 
delphia. ap8-ly 


DICKINSON'S 


Patent  Shaped    Diamond   Carbon-Points. 

mg,$        <KUj.2  FUj.3  Tig.4 


§ 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
sot  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs, Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Tracing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposeB.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  18G9;  Engl- 
neering  and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Juno,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

Iv2i-Gm  J.  DICKINSON,  G4  Nassau  St.,  N.  T. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  T3 

MICROSCOPES. 

Illustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticous. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  iUustrated,   sent   free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly  


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract.' the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Dicers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheum,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood.  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loj  a,  Ecuador,  secured  by  tho  assist 
ance  of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  mos- 
effective,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  60  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v23-3m 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  18G2 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
REMOVAL. 
This  Company  havo  removed  from  tho  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkih  streets,  to  their  now  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  ofllco  and  salesyard  at  tho  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.     Send  for  Circular.  5v24-3amslamrly 

J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATT33RN8     AND     IMCOIJEL©, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En- 
trance on  Natoma  street.  Gv23-3m 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 


WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 


Dupont's  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre),  F-FF 
FFF. 

Dupont's  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-H -T. 

Dupont's  Celebrated  Brand.  Diamond  Grain,  Nob.1,  2, 
3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  can  intern. 

Dupont's  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Englo 
Riiie,  Nob.  1,  2,  3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  H  lb.  OAZllBtflZB. 

Dupont's  Standard  Rifio,  Fg-Fg-Fg,  In  kegs,  half  kega 
ami  or.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  H  lb.,  and  i»  lb.  canisters. 

Dupont's  Superior  RIOo,  F-FF-FFF,  in  kegs,  half 
kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  J*  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

Dupont's  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

WINCHESTER  Repeating  Alois  (Henry's  Improved) 
and  FIXED  Ammunitiun. 

A  largo  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Riiles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Hepeating  Sporting  HUleB— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-platt  d  Blflfia— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines—  Oiled  Stocks. 

Muskets— Angular  or  Sword  Bayo&i  tn. 

Full  stook  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  these  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  tu 
W.  It.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  aruih. 


A  FULL  AND  COMPLETE   STOOK 

—  OF  THE— 
Aljovo  IN  ii  iii4-<  I   Mi'i'.'limiilist. 
Always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKLNKER.  Sole  Agent, 
Cv24-Gm-lamr  108  Battery  street,  8.  F. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

Mo.  ail    CALIFORNIA    STllliliT, 

BAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  havo  constantly  on  hand 
8POBTING, 

MI1VHVG, 

A-nd    BlAA.S'X'inJC) 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  inevory 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  havo  been  awarded  successively 

Throe    Gold   Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for  the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosivo 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blahtin 
powdeb,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 

THE    IMPROVED 

AMERICAN  VAPOR  STOVE. 


No  Wood,  Coal,  Smoke,  Ashes,  Stovepipe  nor  Ohim- 
neys,  and  Perfectly  Safe.  Economy  and  Convenience 
combined. 

"WILLIAM   FRIEL,    Manufacturer. 

No.  G9  and  71  Fourth  street,  S.  F. 

All  kinds  of  Lamps  altered  to  burn  Potent  Oil  with 

or  without  chimneys.    Gasoline  and  Patent  Oils  for 

Stoves  and  Lamps  for  sale.     County  Rights  for  sale. 

10v23-6m 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.    Address 
5-v24-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellinge.Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will,  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure  good  satisfac- 
EDW.  W.  TIFT, 
No.  807  Howard  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 


$1,000   REWARD 

For  any  ease  of  Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
Piles  that  De  BING'S  PILE  REMEDY  fails  to  cure.  It 
is  prepared  expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing  else, 
and  has  cured  cases  of  over  20  years  standing.  Sold  by 
all  Druggists.  Price,  S1.00. 
8v24-ly  C.  F.  RICHARDS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

Cor.  Clay  and  Sansome  streets,  San  FranciBco,  Cal. 


156 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  g,  1872. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained 
through  Dewey  &'Co's.  Scientific  Press 
American  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the 
following  are  worthy  of  mention: 

Device  foe  Steadying  Waqoh  Poles. — 
Reuben  Seadens,  San  Francisoo,  Cal. 
This  invention  relates  to  a  device  for 
steadying  the  poles  of  wagons  and  more 
particularly  of  heavy  trucks,  to  prevent 
them  from  striking  the  horses  when  pass- 
ing over  cobbles,  or  uneven  surfaces,  and 
it  consists  in  the  employment  of  two  cyl- 
inders containing  elastic  springs.  A  rod 
from  the  hames  on  the  harness  of  each 
horse  passes  through  one  of  these  cylin- 
ders so  that  the  elasticity  of  the  spring 
shall  be  utilized  by  any  strain  brought 
upon  it.  The  other  end  of  the  cylinder  is 
connected  with  a  bar  upon  the  top  of  the 
pole  by  means  of  a  rod  and  link  or  ring 
and  the  horses  are  thus  much  relieved 
from  the  succession  of  blows  from  the 
pole. 

Metallic  Filtek. — E.  J.  Fraser,  San 
Francisco.  This  invention  consists  in  the 
employment  of  a  series  of  screws  of  amal- 
gamated wire  cloth  or  other  suitable  sub- 
stance which  are  cut  into  the  form  of  the 
containing  vessel  into  which  they  are 
packed,  one  above  another,  until  they  have 
a  considerable  thickness.  The  tailings  or 
slum  containing  the  float  gold  are  then 
passed  through  this  filter  which  detains 
the  gold  and  can  be  cleaned  up  in  the 
usual  manner  at  any  time. 

AlB-ExHAUSTING     APPABATUS    JFOB    PbE- 

sebveCans,  Etc. — D.  N.  Phelps,  San  Lean- 
dro,  Cal.  This  invention  relates  to  an  im- 
proved apparatus  to  be  employed  in  con- 
nection with  an  air  pump  for  the  purpose 
of  exhausting  the  air  from  cans,  jars  and 
other  vessels.  And  it  consists  mainly  in 
so  constructing  and  arranging  the  receiver 
or  covering  vessel,  that  the  orifice  through 
which  the  air  is  extracted  from  the  jar,  can 
be  closed  before  removing  the  receiver 
from  over  it. 

New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Keystone  Quartz  M.  Co. — March  1.  Loca- 
tion: Sierra  county.  Capital  stock,  $1,000,000, 
in  shares  of  $100  each.  Trustees — H.  Seain- 
mon,  H.  D.  McCarty  and  L.  V.  Harris. 

Pacific  Peophietaey  Medicine  Co. — March 
2:  Capital  stock,  $1,000,000,  in  50,000  shares. 
Trustees — Mark  Brumagira,  J.  H.  Fish,  R. 
Goodwin,  J.  P.  H.  Wentworth,  J.  C.  Dixon,  L. 
Lanszweert  and  Wm.  A.  Coggeshall. 

Calaveras  Hydraulic  M.  Co. — March  2  : 
Location :  Calaveras  county.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  P. 
Shear,  Henry  C.  Lee,  "W.  H.  Knight,  Abram 
Shear  and  Geo.  E.  Eckley. 

Alaska  Consolidated  M.  Co. — March  2. 
Location  :  Coleman  Mining  District,  Lyon 
county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $1,500,000  in 
15,000  shares.  Trustees— H.  T.  Wheeler,  H. 
P.  Wakelee,  H.  C.  Kibble,  ,C.  Coats,  J.  H.  H. 
Williams. 

Constitution  Tunnel  M.  Co. — March  4.  Lo- 
cation: Ely  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$150,000,  in  15,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  B. 
Cavallier,-  John  Cahill,  E.  J.  Baldwin,  Bichard 
O'Neill,  C.  N,  Fox. 

Lehigh  S.  M.  Co — March  5.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  in  shares  of  $100  each.  Location: 
Pioche  District,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada. 
Trustees — George  W.  Smiley,  Charles  M.  Chase, 
M. G.  Gillette,  George  D.  Roberts  and, Maurice 
gchmitt.  "  . 

An  Explanation  seems  due  from  us  in  regard 
to  a  failure  to  correct  a  mistatemeRt  occurring 
in  an  advertisement  of  Messrs.  Treadwell  & 
Co.,  in  the  Press,  which  notice  affirmed  that 
the  Blake  Patent  Steam  Pump  received  the 
first  premium  "  at  the  last  Mechanics'  Institute 
Fair."  After  the  advertisement  appeared  in 
the  Press,  Messrs.  Treadwell  &  Co.  sent  to  our 
advertising  compositor  direct  (instead  of  to  our 
business  office)  quite  a  number  of  corrections 
in  pencil  marks,  together  with  the  word  last  in 
the  above  quotation  blotted  out  in  colored  ink. 
Not  being  marked  in  usual  printer's  style,  but 
in  a  different,  although  conspicuous  color,  the 
intended  erasure  was  not  noticed  by  the  com- 
positor, and  the  change  consequently  not  made. 
Mr.  A.  L.  Fish,  agent  of  the  Knowle's  patent 
pump,  visited  us  last  week  with  his  card,  which 
was  published  in  our  last  issue,  (and  which 
will  partly  explain  the  necessity  of  this  para- 
graph) and  asked  us  if  such  correction  had 
been  sent  to  our  office,  and  we  innocently  and 
confidently  asserted  the  negative.  While  we 
do  not  consider  our  compositor  reprehensible 
for  the  omission  to  make  the  intended  correc- 
tion, we  must  say  we  sincerely  regret  the  un- 
pleasant occurrence,  which  was  unquestionably 
brought  about  by  the  above  misunderstanding. 


The  Giant  Powder  Question  in  Grass 
Valley. 

Our  readers  will  learn  the  condition  of 
the  giant  powder  question  in  Grass  Valley 
by  reading  the  following,  which  we  con- 
dense from  the  G.  V.  Union  of  the  5th 
inst: 

Sunday  evening  last,  the  miners  working 
under  ground  in  the  Eureka  mine  con- 
cluded to  strike.  The  idea  was  to  stop  the 
use  of  giant  powder  in  the  mine.  Mr. 
Watt,  the  Superintendent,  talked  to  his 
men,  and  tried  to  show  them  the  unreason- 
ableness of  such  demands.  He  gave  them 
until  yesterday  to  consider  the  matter  and 
asked  them  not  to  act  hastily  on  the  subject. 
The  men  went  to  the  dry  house  and  talked 
the  matter  over.  A  majority  concluded  at 
once  to  quit  work.  Some,  however,  saw 
the  justice  and  the  reason  of  Mr.  Watt's 
position,  and  voted  against  the  strike. 
The  majority  ruled,  however,  and  the  men 
were  paid  off  and  left.  Yesterday  morning 
several  who  left  on  Saturday  went  into 
the  mine  as  usual.  All  who  went  down 
were  distinctly  informed  that  they  did  so 
with  the  full  and  perfect  understanding 
that  the  mine  must  always  be  worked  as 
the  Superintendent  directed. 

Subsequently  the  men  who  went  under- 
ground concluded  they  were  not  safe  in 
working.  Some  of  them  remarked  that 
they  were  afraid  of  the  Miners'  Union.  On 
going  outside  they  met  four  men  who  rep- 
resented themselves  as  a  committee,  duly 
authorized  by  the  Miners'  Union,  to  have 
all  work  stopped  in  the  Eureka  mine. 
Some  of  the  workmen  who  had  just  come 
out  of  the  mine  remarked  to  the  committee 
that  they  wanted  to  work,  and  the  com- 
mittee replied  that  if  any  one  worked  in 
that  mine  it  would  be  the  worse  for  such 
workers.  In  other  words,  the  Committee 
said  that  the  Miners'  Union  would  not  al- 
low men  to  work  in  a  mine  where  giant 
powder  was  used. 

This  committee  may  not  be  empowered 
to  act  for  the  Miners'  Union  but. they  pre- 
tend to  do  so.  The  Miners'  Union  must 
repudiate  the  act  of  the  committee  of  four, 
or  the  Miners'  Union  endorse  the  same. 
The  citizens  of  the  town  are  prepared  to 
meet  all  emergencies.  There  will  be  no 
Amador  war  in  this  case.  That  sort  of  a 
war  requires  a  great  deal  of  red  tape. 
This  war  will  be  shorter  and  very  much 
sharper  than  the  Amador  affair.  The  men 
who  want  to  work  can  go  into  the  mines 
with  perfect  safety.  The  country  will 
protect  them. 


Mechanics'  Institute. 

The  quarterly  meeting  of  the  members 
of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  was  held  on 
2d  instant.  President  Hallidie  submitted 
his  report  and  said  that  the  committees 
to  whose  charge  the  various  interests  of  the 
society  were  committed  had  fulfilled  their 
duties  satisfactorily.  A  new  catalogue  of 
the  library  is  being  made  out,  large  ad- 
ditions having  been  made  to  it. 
Patent  Office  Matters. 

The  commissioner  of  Patents  has  des- 
ignated the  Mechanics'  Institute  as  the 
place  of  deposit,  in  the  city  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, for  the  Patent  Office  weekly  reports, 
and  through  the  efforts  of  John  O.  Han- 
scom,  one  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Institute, 
a  large  number  of  models  have  been  pre- 
sented to  the  Society  by  the  Commissioner, 
and  will  shortly  be  received  and  displayed 
for  the  benefit  of  all  concerned.  From 
the  British  Patent  Office  the  Society  has 
received  the  complete  abridgement  of 
specifications  from  1542  to  1867;  also  com- 
plete indices  and  other  documents  of  value 
to  the  inventor.  The  Trustees  are  still 
making  an  effort  to  obtain  the  British 
Patent  Office  Reports  in  full.  These  re- 
ports cover  the  whole  ground  of  patented 
inventions  in  Great  Britain  from  the  ear- 
liest time,  and  consists  of  about  2,500  folio 
volumes. 

The  affairs  of  the  Institute  are  in  a 
satisfactory  condition.  The  library  is 
hereafter  to  be  open  on  Sundays  from  2 
until  9  p.m. 


Theee  is  considerable  excitement  in 
Carrsville,  Ky.,  over  the  discovery  of  rich 
deposits  of  lead  and  other  ores  at  that 
place. 

On  File. — Communication  "  from  L.  P. 
Mo.;  "  letter  from  "  W.  M.  E." 


Daily   Weather  Record, 

By  the  U.  S.  Absttt  Signal  Sehvioe,  fob  the  Week 
Ending  Wednesday,  march  6, 1872. 


a 


Thu... 
Fri... 

Sat.... 
Sun  .. 
Moil. . 
Tu..., 
Wed.. 


Thu . .: 

Fri ... . 

Sat.... 
Sun... 
Moil . . . 
Tu.. 


Wed. 


)[  30.21 
30.24 
30.31 

;  30.18 
29.95 
29.88 

!  30.18 


Thu. 
Fri... 

Sat.. 


Tu.... 
Wed.. 


Thu..: 
Fri . . . 
Sat 

Sun... 
Mon... 

Tu 

Wed... 


Thu . . 
Fri... 
Sat... 
Sun.. 
Mon . . 
Tu.... 
Wed.. 


Thu.. 
Fri..  . 

Sat.... 
Sun .. 
Mon.. 
Tu.... 

Wed.. 


Thu... 
Fri . . . 
Sat... 
Sun.. 
Mon.. 
Tu.... 
Wed.. 


Thu  .  .5 
Fri.... 
Sat.... 
Sun.. 
Mon.. 
Tu 


Calm 

Calm 
Cal  in 
N.W, 
Calm 
Calm 
W. 


Brisk 
Fresh 


Light 


2  Light 


Stale  of 
Weather. 


Cloudy 
Threat'g 
Cloudy 
Cloudy 
Fair 
.55.  Cloudy 
Clear 


Cloudy 


Fair 


Cloudy 
Clear 


Rainfall  at  Turlock,  San  Joaquin  Valley. 

Ens.  Pkess  :— The  amount  of  rain  for  the  season  to  date 
in  this  portion  of  San  Joaquin  Valley  is  as  follows: 

To  January  1st v 8.52  inches. 

For  the  month  of  January 2.22  inches. 

For  the  month  of  February 2.42  inches. 

Total  for  the  season 13.1G  inches. 

To  compare  with  former  years: 

Total  rain  to  March  1st,  1869 9.93  incheB. 

"    1870 6.35  inches. 

"       "  "         "    1871 4.80  inches. 

"         "    1872 13.16  inches. 

It  may  be  well  to  mention  thatjall  measurements  of  rain 
at  this  point  have  been  made  with  the  same  gauge  each 
year,  and  that  the  instrument  used  is  the  braBS  cylinder 
gauge  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute  at  Washington.  The 
same  instrument  having  been  used  constantly  here,  we  are 
enabled  to  compare  faithfully  the  past  four  seasons  in  our 
locality.  It  is  seen  that  to  date  we  have  had  nearly  three 
times  as  much  as  foil  to  this  date  last  year ;  more  than 
twice  as  much  as  in  1870,  and  nearly  one-third  as  much 
again  as  fell  in  1869  to  March  1st.  Between  five  and  six 
inches  fell  after  this  date  in  the  spring  of  1S69;  hence  we 
have  good  reason  to  expect  not  far  from  20  inches  as  our 
total  rainfall  here  for  the  present  season— certainly  some- 
thing between  17  and  22  inches.  Indeed,  everything  con- 
tinues to  indicate  jnst  such  an  average  Beason  as  has  fol- 
lowed our  dryest  years  for  three  successive  periods  since 
'49.  The  effect  of  these  excellent  rains,  whose  distribution 
is  all  we  could  have  asked  on  our  sandy  soils,  is  evident  in 
the  fine  appearance  of  our  grain  fields.  By  the  common 
consent  of  our  oldest  settlers,  never  has  the  prospect  for 
first-class  crops  been  more  promising  in  San  Joaquin  Valley 

TurlocU,  Stanislaus  county,  March  1,  1872.        j.  w.  A.  w. 


Scientific  Press. — The  Pkess  has  been  one 
of  our  best  exchanges  as  a  mining  journal,  and 
is  considered  by  alias  the  best  practical  mining 
journal  in  the  United  States.  It  is  a  finely 
illustrated,  mechanical  and  industrial  news- 
paper, and  the  only  one  of  that  kind  on  the 
Pacific  Coast.  It  is  published  by  Dewey  & 
Co.,  who  are  reliable  patent  agents  for  in- 
ventors. "We  can  recommend  it  to  our  readers. 
— Eureka  Sentinel. 

RICHARD  H.  BTJEL,  Consulting;  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 
Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  I  refer  par- 
ticularly to  Professor  K.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 

10v24-13t     _ 

The  Evangel,  Office,  414  Clay  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco. Terms,  $4  per  year,  in  advance.  The  Evangel 
is  the  organ  of  the  Baptist  Denomination  for  the  Pacifie 
States  and  Territories.  All  efforts  on  the  part  of 
brethren  and  friends  to  extend  its  circulation  will  be 
gratefully  appreciated.  $3,  for  one  year's  subscription, 
will  be  received  from  ne  w  subscribers,  strictly  in  ad- 
vance. Address  "Evangel,  San  Francisco,  Cal." 
Sample  copies  furnished  free.  4v8-lambptf 


University,  of  Caltfoknia. — The  Preparatory  Depart- 
ment is  under  the  charge  of  five  Professors  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  six  tutors. 

Besides  the  Btudies  of  the  public  schools,  Algebra, 
Geometry,  Latin,  Greek,  German,  French,  Spanish,  and 
Book-Keeping  are  taught. 

Terms:  Board  and  tuition,  4  weeks,  $30.  Students  re- 
ceived at  any  time.  Geoiige  Tatt,  Oakland,  Master 
Fifth  01assJ se9bptf 

$5  to  $20  pes  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  Wire  Works,  75  William,  street,  N.  Y.,t>r  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-12mbp 

A  Package  of  Flowed  Seeds  will  be  sent  free  to 
every  applicant  enclosing  two  stamps  for  W.  B.  Dimon 
Jr..  &  Co.'s  Catalogue  of  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds, 
Budding  Plants  and  Flowering  Bulbs;  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

mar2-4t 

Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


E  L  ECTR0-C  H  EM  ICAL 
Dry  Amalgamation. 

THE    PAUL    PROCESS. 


This  system  is  now  brought  to  a  complete  degree  of 
practicability,  as  well  as  cheap,  simple  and  thorough  in 
operation,  and  I  am  prepared  to  furnish  all  machinery 
requisite  for  working  the  process  from  three  tons  to  100 
per  day,  and  offer  my  services  to  the  mining  community 
for  the  overcoming,  by  this  process,  of  all  the  diffi- 
culties connected  with  the  amalgamation  of  the  pre- 
cious metals  from  milling  ores— no  matter  how  fine  the 
gold  combined,  the  silver,  or  rebellious  the  ore,  the 
bullion  always  ranging  from  950  to  980-1000  fine.  Pam- 
phlets explaining  process  can  be  had,  free  of  expense, 
on  receipt  of  address.    For  furthrr  particulars  apply  to 

ALMARIN  B.  PAUL, 

mar9-lt  318  California  street,  Room  1. 


J.     R.    ANDREWS, 

BUOOESSOB  TO 

F.  MANSELL  &  C0.7 
House    and    Sign     Painters, 

412   PINE  STREET,    SAN   FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  st. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental  Sign  Work. 


Oo-untx'y  Orders   At  ten  elect,  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     Dispatch. 
26v23-3m-bp 


Miners  Using  Powder 

Containing  Nitroglycerine,  giving  off  deleterious  odors, 
should  read  the  description,  in  the  SorENTTFio  Pkess, 
AuguBt  6, 1871,  of  the  patented  process  for  instantly  dis- 
pelling the  noxious  gaseB ;  and  for  further  information 
address  Dr.  A.  Blatchley,  patentee,  at  SorENTiFio  Phebs 
Office,  S.  F.  8v24tf 


Phelps'  Patent  Animal  Trap, 


FOR  GOPHERS,  SQLRRELS,  RATS,  CAYOTES, 
and  other  "Varmints." 

This  Trap,  as  may  be  seen,  is  of  simple  construction 
and  not  likely  to  get  out  of  order,  and  very  durable. 

It  is  Very  Efficient 
and  can  be  used  conveniently  by  women  or  children. 
THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST  YET  INVENTED.  Price 
60  cents.  By  mail,  prepaid  {to  places  where  express 
charges  are  high) ,  $1.  A  liberal  diBcount  to  clubs  or 
dealers  who  buy  by  the  dozen.  Address  the  inventor 
and  manufacturer,  D.  N.  PHELPS, 

al-ly-awbp         San  Leandro,  Alameda  County,  Cal, 


.BRYANT  &.  STRATT0N     TTT5*  l 

INESS  COLLEGE^ 

>SAN 


POST; 

FRANCIS  Ch^ 


IS  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  SCHOOL  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  instruction  is  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  net  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heald's  Col- 
lege Journal. 
Address  E.  P.  HEALD, 

President  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

— Fon— 

Molding ,    Turning,    Carving ,    Etc . 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  "Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
25v23-tf 


STEAM     POWER. 


The  second  and  third  stories  of  the  west  half  of  the 
Mechanics'  Mill,  corner  of  Mission  and  Fremont  street  s, 
to  let,  with  Steam  Power.  Frontage  about  70  by  127 
feet,  but  the  rear  half  is  only  about  40  feet  wide.  To  be 
let  in  whole  or  in  part,  to  one  or  more  tenantB. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

FRANK  KENNEDY, 
mar9-2t  604  Merchant  Btrcet,  San  Francisco. 


March  9,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


157 


Mining  and  Other  Companies,  j BOOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLA^T    ROTARY   BLOWER. 

tkaHj**tut*a*arytomalith*  pr**r*,tLtr;i>  _J      ^HM^BET^ — r~ " —    ■  '  ■        ■  —  ■■ 

ing—vSlfH  U  (A*  trrjf  laUM  hour  ire  run  rtrrit'  <flteriitr,Krnli.      ^ 


Mining  Companies 


Should  ulTcrtlM  their  Minting*,  AMMnnMiti,  And  S*le«. 
in  ttfaB  S<  m-TIKIC  PhES*.  Rates  morn  than  on«<-h»lf  Iom 
ili&n  daily  publications.  Stockholder*  should  take  the 
turn  and  nqitMl  their  nunui-n  U>  truly  economise  l>>  m*l- 

liTtialUlC  In*  MlMSi.  JOt  .11  li..tH'HIU«V  1m 

haaply  purchaMng  ami  oxamltutu  >  wautlj  Von 
mill  ihu*  •**■■  uiuiiL'j  iiid  uphold  *  juurtiftl  which  upholds 
>..ur  luUirMt*. 


Kincaid  Flat   Mining  Company— Location 

of  work*.  Tuolumne  County.  Suto  of  California. 

I  hereby  given,  thai  at  a  mnetinx  of  the  Board  of 
Trrutocavf  a»ld  Company,  held  on  the  I  tin  dayi  '■ 
aVfl,  an  *'v-»Mii.iit  of  t  lir>"  dollar*  per  ahar"  «aa  lovfod 
ujnhi  the  capital  stork  of  aaid  company,  payable  immi  di- 
i tats*  gold  coin,  to  the  See  7,  at  bis  office, 
1  lay  ■treat,  San  rrucboo,  t "»i.  ,\n>  itook  apoo 
winch  itatd  aaaeenraent  ahall  remain  unpaid  on  the  lytti  day 
of  March.  X'J,  ahall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  bo 
dull  ■rtrnrtlMn  for  aaln  at  public  ftaotlon,  and  unless  pay- 
ment ahall  bo  made  before,  will  be  aold  on  Monday,  the 
Hth  day  of  April,  ISIS,  t-»  iny  thu  J'lin<iueata»*ie»Muent, 
LMtlhn  with  cuit*  of  advurtiniujr  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of   the  Board  of  Trustees. 

It.  H.  CORNELL,  Secretary. 
Office,  220  Clay  street,  San  Francisco.  f.  Jl-id 

Pocahontas  Gold  Mining  Company — Lo- 
cation of  works,  Mud  Spring,  El  Dorado  County,  Statu 
of  California. 

1 1  hertbj  iriven.  that  at  a  meetinc  of  the  Board  of 
Troateea  of  said  company,  held  on  the  26th  day  of  Febru- 
ary. JH?i.  an  wwMmpnt  of  Five  Dollar*  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  ca|-ital  stock  of  aaid  company,  payahle  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  cold  ooin,  to  the  becrelary.  at  the 
office  of  the  company,  Room  No.  16,  Hoy  ward  a  Building, 
HO  llfl  OalU  irnll  Btraot,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any 
stock  upon  which  aaid  .insu-wtiiiMit  aha!)  remain  unpaid  ou 
Saturday,  t)i»  fith  day  of  April,  \tC,'l,  (thai I  he  deemed  do- 
ud  "ill  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unions  payment  hIiuII  he  mndo  beforo  will  be 
aold  on  Monday,  tlm  Mh  day  <»i  May.  1H72,  to  pay  the  delin- 
quent MMMtUBIlt  th«r>Miu.  GOfflUUtt  with  coats  of  advertis- 
ing arid  ezjirnsea  oi'  the  aaio. 

D.  A.  JENNINGS.  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  No.  2fi,  Ilayward's   Building,  -IIS  Californii 
■  tr<"'t.  Sal]  Francisco,  CaL 
February  26,  I&72.  mar2-5w 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Gompany— 

ho*  -iti'inof  works,  Salt  Springs  Valley,  Calaveras  County, 

California, 

Notice  is  heroby  given,  that  at  a  mooti  nc  of  t ho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  aaid  Company,  held  on  the  15th  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1H72,  an  assessment  of  $A  dollars  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Cemnany,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  Company,  No.  409  California  street,  up  stairs, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stuck  upon  which  eaid  asses  ment 
ahall  remain  uupaid  on  the26th  day  of  March,  1672,  shall  bo 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  he  made  before, 
will  bfl  »old  on  Tuesday,  the  ltith  day  ol*  April,  187*2.  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  coats  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trust. -ot.  T.  F.  CRONTSK,  Secretary. 

Office,  409  Culhomia  street .  San  Francisco,  Cat,        fe24-td 

Silver  Wave  Mining  Company—Location 

of   workSj   White  Pine    Mining   District,   White    Pine 

oonnty,  Nevada. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
BCiibcd  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
twentieth  (20)  day  of  January  1872,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  aB 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate    No.  shares.    Amount, 

Armstrong,  C,  Trustee 420  20  $  20  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee 352  200  200  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee 370  10  10  00 

Breed,  H  L,  Trustee 3'J4  20  20  00 

Cahill  &  Co.,  E,  Trustee.  .103  50  60  00 

Cat  heart,  A  B,  Trustee. ..372  722  722  00 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee.  ..4U8  100  100  00 

Cathcart,  A  B.  Trustee.  ..409  100  100  00 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee. .  .450  1000  1000  00 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee. .  .455  073  673  00 

Edwards, LB 3'J3  100  100  00 

Eyre,  E  E,  Trustee 184  100  100  00 

King,  W  F,  Trustee 457  50  50  00 

Loveland,  L  F.  Trusteo...217  ■  50  60  00 

Martin,  M  S,  Trustee. ..  .199  100  100  00 

Minturu.Chne 463  300  300  00 

Miller,  H  R,  Trustee 269  50  50  00 

Montagnie  de  la,  J  E 333  100  100  00 

Parker, CH 171  100  100  00 

Prichard.WP,  Trustee.  ..341  100  100  00 

Tibbey.ES.  Trustee 385  60  50  00 

Williams,  W  J, Trustee.  ..244  50  50  00 

White,  JasT 399  12  12  00 

Woods,  F  H,  Trustee 375  22  22  00 

Woods,  F  H,  Trustee 380  8  8  00 

Woods,  F  H ,  Trustee 434  10  10  00 

And  In  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.made  on  the  Twentieth  day  of  January, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  bo  sold  at  public  auction  at  the 
office  of  said  Company,  on  Tuesday  the  Nineteenth 
day  of  March,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  of 
said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon, 
together  with  coats  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 
Office:  418  California  Street,  San  Francisco.       ma2-2w 


South   Gulch    Gravel    Mining    Company. 

Location  of  Works,  Brusnville  Mining  District,  Cala- 
veras County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  7th  day  of 
February,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  and  fifty 
cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  Btock  of 
said  Company,  payable  immediately,  in  United  States 
gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  Compuuy, 
No.  409  California  street,  up  stairs,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  March,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  Bold  on  Wednesday,  the  third  day  of 
April,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  F.  CRONTSE,  Secretary. 
Office,  409  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

ning  Company.    Location  of  Works;  GopherDistrict, 

CalaveraB  County  California. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  levied  on  the 
23d  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  Bet  oppo- 
side  the  namesof  the  respective  Shareholders  as  follows; 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.     Amount. 

CharleB  Osmer 6  *10  5  40  00 

Charles  Osmer 31  2  8  00 

Charles  Osmer 32  2  8  00 

Charles  Osmer 33  1  4  00 

Charles  Osmer 132  35  140  00 

And  In  accordance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  23d  day  of  January,  1872, 
so  many  shareB  of  each  parcels  of  said  stock  us  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  by  Maurice 
Dore&Co.,  at  No.  327  Montgomery  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  on  Saturday  the  16th  day  of  March,  1872,  at 
the  hour  of  12  o'clock  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  Baid  de- 
linquent ABsesBment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
Advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 

Office— 516,  Kearny  flt.,  San  Francisco.  mar2-3t 


Adapted  for  Smeltiue,  nutuiuij  ,  juuuug  auu  ateaniBuips.  Kequiiee  uo  ±*«r  um.  icon  power  tuuu  auy  Blower 
now  in  use.  A  Blower  may  bo  seen  at  W.  T.  Garratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco;  Gould  &  Curry  and 
Savage  S.  M.  Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C.  P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Caution. — Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  to  the  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  parties, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  In  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answor  all  the  requirements  of  the  genuine  article 

QUASTZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IKON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HOKSE-POVVEE  AND  PUMPS,  OF  ALL  SIZES. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information.  Address 

4,2lt'  GLOBt  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


KNOWLES'    PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Received  the  Highest  Award — A  Diploma — 

Over  all  Steam  Pump   Competitors,   at  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  of  San  Francisco, 
1871  j   also  Special  Medal  and  Diploma  at  State  Fair. 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-"Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  jtoints  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bai*,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  hut  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC  R.  R.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC, \ 
Sacramento,  Cal.,  April  14, 1871.  .  J 

A.  L.  FISH,  Esq.,  Agent  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  San  Francisco— Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  as 
to  the  merits  of  the  Knowles*  Steam  Pump,  in  use  upon  this  road,  I  wiLl  Bay  that  we  have  nineteen  of  them  in 
use  on  this  road  aB  fire  engines,  and  pumping  water  for  shop  and  station  use.  I  consider  the  Knowles  Steam 
Pump  the  beet  in  use,  and  prefer  it  to  any  other.    Yours  truly,       A.  J.  STEVENS,  General  Master  Mechanic. 


WE    BTJXLB    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE  LARGEST   STOCK   OF   PUMPS   IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Eyery  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

No  ©  First  .Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Piermont  District,  White  Pine 
a  mat] .  '■■ 

-ri:.  iv  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
ii'.sunb.  di  ■  unenl   |i  \  li  i  on 

tin.  20th  flay  of  January,  1879,  the  several  amonnte  set 

opposite  the  namofl  <ji  tin.  respective  shareholders,  ua 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.        Am'l. 

HrteR«.  Chas  A 16  B83k  |400  67 

BrlggB,  Chns  A 47  111 

Flint,   iV-uj 6  1760  1400  00 

Flint,  BenJ 27  3625  3020  1)0 

Flint.  Denj «  BL4  061  30 

Perkins.  J  K,  TruBtao 82  1500  788  :ii 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 40  286  189  83 

Perkins,  Jas  E 4  1760  14iw  w 

Perkins,  Jaw  K 42  719  675  20 

ParkiuB,  Jus  i: U4  0026 ^  1830  36 

And  iu  accordance  wRJi  law,  an  J  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  1'nisti  es,  made  on  the  "J 5th  iliiy  "f  January,  1872,  BO 
many  shares  of  each  parOft]  'if  Bald  stock  as  may  be  W  >  - 

Bflsary,  will  !»■  sold  al  public,  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
said  Company,  on  Saturday,  the  23d  day  of  Bfarch,  1872, 

at  the  hour  "of  2  o'clock  i\  M.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said 
dvliuqiii.'Mt  iiK-^.-fim-iit  llii'ivou,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK.  Secretary. 
Office,  418  California  street,  Ban  Pranciqco,  Cal.      2w 


Wm.  Penn  Consolidated  Gold  and  Silver 

Mining    Company— Location    of    works,  Storey    and 

Lyon  Counties,  State  of  Nevada. 

Notioe. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  acc<  unt  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
2tith  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.     Atu't. 

George  Stead 18  25  25  00 

George  Stead 10  26  36  oil 

George  Stead 20  25  25  (,0 

Goorg»Stead 21  21  21  1)0 

H  JTScheel 25  50  tt)  00 

HJT  Scheel 20  50  60  00 

H.I  TSehct-1 27  25  26  00 

H  JTScheel 28  25  25  00 

H  JTScheel 29  2  2  00 

B  JScheel 30  50  60  00 

B  JScheel 31  50  60  ihj 

B  JScheel 32  25  25  (HI 

B  JScheel 33  25  25  00 

B  J  Schcel 34  2  3  on 

Frank  Kruyer 35  :io  80  00 

Frank  Kruyer 3(5  25  36  no 

Frank  Kruyer 37  25  25  00 

H  PRice 42  60  60  00 

HFRice 43  50  60  00 

HFRice 44  50  50  00 

HFRice 45  10  10  00 

S  D  Prescott 49  24  24  00 

John  W  Work 53  25  25  00 

Henry  R  Reed 15  6  6  00 

HenryRReed 10  6  G  00 

Henry  R  Reed 17  4  4  00 

JohnFSears 13  2  2  00 

AlfredDennoe 3  5  6  00 

WPCStebbins 1  28  28  00 

GregoryYalo 4  17  17  00 

EH  Doty 8  10  10  00 

EH  Doty 10  12  12  00 

EH  Doty 11  10  10  00 

EH  Doty 12  10  10  00 

WEFKrause 9  1  1  00 

EF  Stone 5  88  88  00 

E  H  Doty unissued        105  105  00 

Henry  Tomey,  Trustee unissued        155  165  00 

George  Hearst unissued  46  46  00 

L  RIPearlman unissued  94  94  00 

Jacob  C  Clark unissued         52  52  00 

HFCutter unissued        100  100  00 

Thos.  McNamara unissued  50  50  00 

W  H  Bremer unissued  50  50  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  25th  day  of  January,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  pared  of  said  stock  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  auction 
house  of  John  Middletou  &  Son  on  the 21st  day  of  March, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock  p.  M.  of  said  day,  to 
pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  Sale. 
ma3-3t  HENRY  TOOMT,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  Rooms  3  and  4. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer, 
Mineral  Assayer,  Analyst,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Author  of  "  The  Explorers',  Miners',  and  Metallurg- 
ists' Companion." 

Inventor  of  the   Explorers',  Miners',  Millers',  and 
Smelters'  Friend,  the  Prospectors'  "  WEE  PET  "  Assay- 
ing Machine,  etc.,  which  obtained  a  Gold  Medal  at  the 
San  Francisco  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair  ol  1809. 
Patented  September  7,  le69. 


Arranged  fer  the  general  purposes  of  the  Analyst  and 
Assayer. 
Price,  with  instructions,  tools  and  fluxes,  $100. 

Practical  Instructions  in  all  kinds  of  Assay- 
ing, Discrimination  and  Analysis. 

24-v23-tf 


Important    to    Miners. 

FEEI'S  IMPEOVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quiclcsilver. 

For  particulars  address 
WATERS  &  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  84  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO, 
3v21-3m 


158 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  9,  1872. 

H.    J.    BOOTH    &,    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor.    First   ancL    Mission    Sts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 
Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

•with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MABBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  8iz9. 

Irrigating-    Pumps.    Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.BOOTH.  GEO.  W.PRESCOTT.  IRVINGM.  SCOTT 
4v24^1yslamr 

COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysvillT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Q,uartz  and  Amalgamating  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  e'v  ery- 
thing  requiied  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  bo  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
6v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 

THE    RISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868, 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  or  Be  ale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  {Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  dxu'ahlo  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm,  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  MoLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary. 

2*vl7-qy 

OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  130  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER,  &~BOLAND, 

IROJV    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice.— Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


ESTABLISHED    1851. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  ana  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

ISA    P.    RANKIN,  A.  P.  BKAXTON, 

GEO.  W.  POCtO,  Superintendent. 

-Steam  Engines  and  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Maohinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  otlier  classes  of  -wort  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
prices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

ay  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  "Work  and 
Rpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  OODDARD  &  00. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

BANTTFAOTtlKHRB    (>F 

^TKA-M    ENGINES, 
Quartz*    Floiu1    and    Saw    S-Xills, 

Hayed'  Improved   Steam  Pomp,  Brodle's  Im- 
proved      Crasher,       Mining      .Pumps, 
A  mi.lifismatorm,  ami  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  S-qy 


GEORGE  T.  PRACT, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111   Mission  Street, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  Increased, 
by  additional  TooIb,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing    Presses, 

AND  MAOHINERY  MADE  OF  ETERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MANUFACTTjEEE  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Piaoy's    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING;  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  baud. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 
Sacramento. 

■WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 


manotactoreks  or 


m  FEAM  ENGINE8,  BOILER8, 


WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 
Dunbar's  Patent  Self-Adl anting  Steam  Piston 
PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 
And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery- 
Front  Street*  between  N  and  O  streets, 
SinniirnNTo  Oitt 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

8AN    FBANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manuiacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

__  —  AHD  — 

Every  "Variety  of  SSli  lifting-, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  i  f 
Steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con- 
necting Bods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axle* 
and  Frames 

. —  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

*j-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING)  MILL 
30MPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,wlU  ceive 
prompt  attention 

*S-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron         9vH3m 


STEVENSON'S  PATENT    MOULD  BOARD    AMALGAMATING  PAN. 


This  Panjajflar  superior,  [to^  all 
others  in  several  important  particu- 
lars. The  grinding  mullers  are  near 
the  center,  requiring  less  power. 
The  plow-shaped  grooves  j-aise  the 
quicksilver  with  the  pulp/egularly, 
with  less  power,  without  violence, 
and  with  better  amalgamating  ef 
feet,  besides  admitting  of  a  larger 
charge.  The  inclined-shaped  hous- 
ings of  the  muller-plate  openings 
efficiently  force  the  pulp  directly 
under  the  mullers. 


It  has  been  constantly  running 
for  over  eight  months,  and  has 
proved,  in  competition,  to  produce 
a  higher  percentage  of  bullion, 
with  less  power  and  with  great 
saving  of  quicksdver,  over  any 
other  pan  in  use.  It  is  simple  in 
construction  and  operation,  and 
cheaper  in  first  cost  and  economy 
in  wear. 


Manufactured  at  the  Golden  State  Iron  "Works  (Co-operative).  19  First  street,  S,  F. 

■Where  ft  can  be  examined  and  further  particulars  he  learned  ;  or  persons  may  apply  to  the  inventor  and  pat- 
entee, Mr.  O.  C.  STEVENSON,  at  the  Douglas  Mine,,  Gold  Hell,  State  oi'  Nevada,  -where  the  Pans  have  long 
been  in  constant  operation.  15v2Q-lmr,lamtf 


To  Coal  Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

IYODR    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO. 

THE     GRICE     &    LONG    LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS, 

1340   Beaoh    Street,    Philadelphia,    Paun. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

t&"  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere— and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania, 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND   PHOTOCRAPHS. 


HYDEAULIC     CHIEF. 
FISHER'S 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AHD 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 

Cheapest  and   Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 

The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
9v23-tf  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  0KDER, 

from 


HYDEAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE— I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  It.  & 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hoskin,  as  the  same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDEAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dee.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
in  Buch  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th,  F.  H.  FISHER. 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Franci9CO. 

LIGHT  AITD  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl0qr 


SAW    FBANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT  "WORKS, 

PHELPS    BKOTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANTTf  ACTUBEns   OF    AT.T.  KINDS   OF 

Machine  Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   SMp  or 
Band  Bolts. 

IS  and  1C  Drunim  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street,  apposite  Minna. 

SAN  FBANCISCO. 

All  kikds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  and  Steamboat  Bells  and 
Gongsof  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
Iraulio  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
j|®-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -fit 
J.   H.  WEED*  V.  KINQWELL. 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAB, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


Machinery. 


MOLDING,    M0KTISIFG, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHIHES, 
BAND    SAWS, 
JS&.  SCKOIX    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
pFer  Railroad,  Cab,  and  Aonl- 

ounTunAi.  Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
—  83"  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

J.   A.   FAY   &  CO., 

CrNcrHNATi,  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

laLANUFACTCTtERS     OF 


WOOD-WORKING  IMACHJNERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  {West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Philadelphia. 

I»y"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


March  9,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


159 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators 


THE    HIGHEST    PREMIUM 

Awarded  by  tho  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
dsoo,  and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
Then  Lubricators  aro  acknowledged  by  oil  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  tuey  havo  ever  dbq$;  food  ( son- 
Btantly  by  proHuure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pine  A,  regulated  under  tbo  oil  by  valve  J,  nud  foreed 
i. ut  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  stuaru  pipe 
C;  It  tl.eo  becomes  greasy  Steam,  passes  to  oil  the 
Valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tnhfl  1  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Phi- king  on 
rod"  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  i  lie  rings  on  the  plstou 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  uf  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  sizo  of  engine;  I, 
sliding  gaunt>;  K.  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  P,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  ttiu  cup;  It  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  Feuruaxy  14.  1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works.  126  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


California  File  Maimi'g  to. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
SEAPKK  AND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
A  M>  KNIVES  COMPLETE. 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.     Orders  from  tho  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  hiB  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24,  1871. 

Office,  316  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


JOS.    THOENHILL, 
Bricklayer   and.    Contractor. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  hinds  of  Firo  Work, 
such  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,  etc. 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  "White,  47  Clay  street,  JOS, 
THOItNHILL,  1612  Mason  street,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  24v21-3m 


NELSON    Jte  I>OBLE, 

AGENTS   ?OR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sledge*,     Hammer*,     SlOne    Cottera',    Rlnck 

mill l h*'  mid  HorMe-8hoer«*  Tool*. 
IS  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
lOvUqr 


SHEET    IKON    PIPE. 

THE 

Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  tho  least  amount  of  material. 

All  binds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  6izes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

\&~  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 

THE 

Gutta  Perclia  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

118  Front  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Tire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,   Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Eire 

[Buckets. 

12  v*3-8m  J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM    PUMPS. 

WHAT   IS    SAID    BY    THOSE   WHO   USE   THEM. 


SALEM,  Oregon.  January  16th,  1972. 
BERRY  A  PLACE  San  Francisco— Gontlcmcn:  In  answer  to  yourQaery  regarding  the  working  of  the  Urge  Bioko 
Pump,  our  company  ]>nrchased  of  you,  we  would  uy  In  all  sincerity  that  the  pump  A<u  etemdmi  ovr  exportation. 
It  has  been  in  aw  doc*  UuSltb  ol  September,  1871,  ud  ha*  tho*  far  given  tho  most  perfect  satisfaction.  It 'loos  its  work 
with  ca»c  does  not  getout  of  order,  and  require*  bul  little  or  no  attention  to  ran  it.  It  is  sntrLK,  ditrablf.,  and  Veu- 
rEXT  in  its  con-truclion.    Wu  haw  fuuud  it  entirely  <yUiw!»ct©r>  and  ju«t  the  pump  in  rrny  rttprti  needed  for  our  work. 

Toon,  mpOOtfnUr.  W.  F.  ROUTUY,  Pres"l  Salem  Water  Works. 
PIUKXIX  MINE,  Napa  County.  January  10th,  1872. 
MESSRS-  KERRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco—  d'nl  I.  m.n:  The  Ho.  B,  Hlakn  Steam  Pump  wo  bought  of  yon  laM  fall  in 
doing  good  service.  Wu  are  having  a  large  amount  of  water  to  coutond  with  during  this  stormy  weather;  hot  the  pamp 
throws  it  all  out  of  the  main  -haft  (160  feet  deep)  with  perfect  case,  end  is  only  working  from  60  to  80  strokes  a  minute. 
It  is  a  complete  pomp  and  no  mistake.  We  are  well  «ati»flod  with  iw  working,  and  if  yon  wish  to  use  the  name  of  our 
company,  as  a  reference,  you  are  at  liberty  to  do  so.    Very  resp'tly,  GEO.  FELLOWS,  Supt.  Plm  rn\  guiik-il  v.r  M,  i_'u. 

OFFICE  STARK  MILLS.  VALLEJO,  Csl..  January  13th,  1872. 
BKRRY  A  PLACE!  San  Francisco— GunOciuon:  We  are  pleased  to  ctato  that  the  No.  3  Blake  Pump  purchaaod 
of  you,  has  constantly  supplied  our  three  boilers  for  tho  past  year,  with  water  beat  to  abovo  boiling  point  with  one  of 
I  l'.iii  ni  1U  Lterd.     It  has  given  us  no  trouble  nor  expense,  and  hart  in  fact  fully  come  up  to  your  recommenda- 
tion*. Yours.  Etc.,  STARR  BROS.  A  CAMPBELL. 

OFFICE  S.  J.  WOOLENfCO..  SAN  JOSE,  January  29th.  1872. 
Mebsuk.  BERRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francieco— Geutlomen:  We  have  umil  a  No.  6  Blake  Steam  Pump  now  for  about  two 
years,  both  as  a  Tank  Pump  and  as  a  Fire  Pump  in   case  of  need:  and   it   has  given  excellent  satisfaction.     Itmiu  im  in 
r*ery  raped.  Very  rvspect fully,  K.  I'.  l'K(  K1IAM,  Prea't  Sao  Joso  Woolen  Co. 

BELMONT,  Oal,  February  6th,  1872. 
Messrs.  TREADWELL  A  CO.— Gentlemen:    In  reply  to  your  inquiry  concerning  tho  largu  Bluko  Steam  Pump,  pur- 
chased of  Berry  <*  Place,  by  Mr.  Ralston,  I  will  say,  that  it  gives  ENTIRE  *iti*fnetion,  even  working  as   it  now  is,  where  no 
Other  I'uiup  could;  for  it  jfl  at  Jirnwnf  rix  feet  under  water,  yet  it  docs  its  work  I'F-RFECTLY. 

Yours,  Etc.,  J.  E.  BUTLER,  Supt.  Water  Works  and  Engineer  at  W,  C.  Ralston's. 


BLAKE'S  PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

These  Pumps  have  beon  tested,  and  found  to  be  indisputably  without  an  equal  wherever  tried.  They  have  been  sold 
_n  the  Pacific  States  now  for  nearly  throe  years,  and  \vo  are  willing  every  one  in  use  may  be  referred  to;  every  Pump  will 
speak  for  itself.  They  are  constructed  in  the  most  simple  style,  and  budt  in  the  most  thorough  manner — especially  cal- 
culated for  simplicity,  durability  and  power.    Some  of  the  advantages  of  the  BtakePump  may  bo  summed  up  a.s  follows: 


It  is  positive  umlor  any  pres- 
sure. May  be  run  slow  or  last 
as  may  be  desired.  Will  dis- 
charge more  water  than  any 
Others  of  the  an  me  dimensions. 
Has  no  leaky  joints,  the  steam 
part  being  cast  in  one  entire 
pjece.  The  ateam  valve  is  per- 
fectly balanced,  is  cushioned  at 
each  ond.  and  slides  with  the 
greatest  facility  turning  >w  cam*, 
nor  complex  rotary  artmgemtnt* 
to  get  out  of  order.    Will  start  at 


Sand  Power 


ning  and  Fire  purposes,  ... 
Breweries.  Tanneries.  Sugar 
Houses,  Factories,  Mills.  Laun- 
dries, and  as  Boiler  Feeders, 
wherever  steam  is  employed.  In 
fact,  wherever  water  or  other 
liquids  are  desired  to  bo  raised 
in  large  or  small  quantities,  or 
against  heavy  or  light  pressure, 
it  is  tho  cheapest  and  best 
Pump  thut  can  be  uaod.  It  is 
offered  to  tho  public  as  the 
moat  perfect  independent  ateam 
Pump  ever  invented.  Forty 
(iiiicri'iit  sizes  are  made,  capa- 
ble of  throwing  from  1,000  to 
2)111,0110  gallons  an  hour,  and 
adapted  to  any  class  of  work 
that  may  be  required.  Every 
pump  will  be  warranted  to  per- 
form the  work  required  of  it  by 
the  purchaser,  or  it  may  be  re- 
turned and  the  money  will  ho 
cheerfully  reiunded.  The  Blake 
Pump  was  awarded  a  silver 
Medal  at  the  exhibition  of  the 
at  Sacramento,  as'  being  tho  best  steam  Pump  on  exhibition.    The 


discharge  all  the  water  of  con- 
densation. The  Pump  has  no 
crank  or  lly-wheel,  thereby  sav- 
ing a  considerable  item  of  ex- 
pense to  the  purchaser.  Having 
ho  dead  point*,  ittherolore  needs 
no  watching.and  is  consequent- 
ly ready  to  start  without  using 
a  starting  bar  or  any  handwork 
whatever.  Tho  Blake  Pump  is 
extensively  used  on  Railroads 
and  Steamboats,  in  Hotels;  for 
Mechanics*  Institute,  San  Francisco,  and  State  Fi„_  . 

ta  have  recently  imported  several  of  the  largi'st-si/.od   Miuine  Pumps  for  water  works,  and  deep  mines,  and  will  be 


pleased  to  refer  parties  to  them;  wo  claim  for  it,  that  it  is  the  most  simple  and  durable,  and  consequently  the  best  Steam 
Pump  ever  built.  For  sale  by  TREADWELL  <fc  CO.,  Machinery  Depot,  old  stand,  corner  of  Market  and  Fremont 
streets,  San  Francisco,  who  will  bo  pleased  to  send  circulars  to  any  address,  or  show  its  advantages  to  parties  calling  on 


It  has  no  Cams  or  Rotary  Complex  Valves.    It  has  stood  the  test  wherever  tested. 

IT    IS    SIMPLE,     COMPACT,  DURABLE,    AND    POWERFUL. 

E5T Manufactured  by  Geo.  F.  Blake  &  Co.,  Boston,  -who  build  and  haye  on  hand  a  larger  variety 
of  Steam  Pumps  than  any  other  concern  in  the  country,  embracing  forty  different  sizes,  and 
capable  of  throwing  from  1,000  to  200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and  adapted  to  every  description  of 
work  required.    ES^Send  for  circular  and  prices. 

The  largest  stock  in  the  country  at  the  Machinery  "Warehouse  of 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Manufacturers'   Agents,   corner  Market  and  Front  Streets,   San  Francisco. 
*"  E^°  Machinery  Depot  for  Miners,  Millmen,  and  Engineers'  Supplies.    Iron  and  "Wood  Ma- 
chinery; Portable  Engines;   Mills;   Machinists'  and  Mechanics',  Miners' and  Farmers' Tools; 
Stnrtevant's  Blowers,  Turbine  Watersheds,  Etc.,  Etc. 

6v24-eowbp 


OAMERON'8 

steam:  pumps. 

PIOEERINO'S 

Engine    Regulators, 

GIFFAHD'S 

INJECTOBS. 

BABTOL'S 

STEAM    TRAP. 

Surface   Condensers. 

davhTstoddart, 

114  BEALE  STEEET,  S.  F. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.  I.  CURRY  Clate  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


CELEEEATED 


SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing' 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THEODORE   KAIXENBERG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Die£, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Out. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  In  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F,       10v23-3m 


Miners'    Foundry    and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Fbamctsco, 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 

7v23tf 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  METER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  all  kinds  of  Ores,  and  particular  attentloi 
PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENT*  OF  GOODS. 

4v16Sqi 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

481  MontB»mery  St.  up  atalra. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores, 
Minoniln.  Metallurgical  PrududtB,  Mineral  Wfttarfij 
SollB,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  prnctJ. 
cal  instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  paruoulai 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  tho  laboratory.  Ilv21-3ni 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallm-g^ieti! 

CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mint,. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  7v21-3n: 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  WORKS 

19  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

JtlOTTi:  A-    LKKIIAKDT. 

Ores   Crushed,  Sampled    and    A**uycd. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  wo  are  now  prepared  t.i 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metullur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  26v21-3m 

J.  W.   THURMAN, 

(Snccessor  to  S.  "W.  Howland  A  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

ALL  ORDEBS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  BFJOItTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-6m 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    519    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.   A.   MARS,   Assayer. 
1&~  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v20 


o.  w.  STRONG. 


W.  L.  STRONG 


G.   W.  STRONG   &.  CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 

"We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Motals.  23v2'2tf 

PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc,  Etc, 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased,  &2vl8- 


ALL   NEW   AND    OLD    PROCESSES 


Mining,  Milling  and  Smelting 

Accurately  described   and   discussed,    and   tho 

Latest    Nctvs 

From  American  and  Foreign  Mines ;  together  with  tho 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 

Engineers,  the  N.  Y.  Polytechnic  Club, 

and  other  Scientific  Bodies,  and 

"WEEKLY    POPULAR    ARTICLES    ON    SCIENCE, 
■Will  be  found  in  the 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 

R.  W.  RAYMOND  aud  W.  P.  WARD,  Editors. 

Subscription,  $4,  currency,  per  annum  ;  $2.25  for  six 
months. 

Canvassers  and  Agents  wanted. 

The  Scientific  Publishing  Company, 


P.  O.  Bos  4404. 


"WLLLARD  P.  WARD,  Manager, 
37  Park  Row,  New  York. 
25v23-tf 


AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Boasting;    He"bellioixs    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  sulphuretB  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONROE    THOMSON, 

At  444  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  6v23-3m 


160 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


[March  g,  1872. 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  I860,  this  weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  -with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  Summary  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  U.  S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incorporations,  Share  Mar- 
ket. Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  i^with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit- 
able at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 

DEWEY    Ac   CO., 

SCIENTIFIC     PRESS 

U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 

PATENT    AGENCY. 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  side  of  the  continent. 
Established  in  18(50.  Inventors  can  rely  upon  the 
surety  and  diBpatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Long  familiarity  with 
Mining,  Farming,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
this  couBt,  enables  us  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Inventors  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Union,  and  oftentimes  much  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  worthy  inventions  patented  by  us 
will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  most  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Press  and 
the  Pacific  Rural  Press. 

Send  for  our  52-page  illustrated  Patent  Circular, 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  stamp.  Also  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870. 

i>:ew:ey  <fc  co., 

No.  338  Montgomery    st.,    S.    E.    cor.    California   st., 
diagonally  across  from  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  "W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
HOILER     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

H«ward  st,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  Francisco. 


Huntington's   Improved   Shingle   Machine. 

PATENTED    DECEMBEK    V,    18TO. 


§  B 

cts  <" 

&  I" 

5  * 

B  a 

w  | 

<j  8 

•a 

r  *  a 


Egg  ' 

£■§•«&  i 

«   **   d     < 

an  I 

•  E  S  5  ! 


*4 

These  Machines  are  in  use  at  the  Mills  owned  by  the  following  parties:  Macpherson  Jfc  Wethcrbee,  San 
Francisco;  Pope  &  Talbot,  San  Francisco;  Hanson  &  Co.,  Redwood  City;  Rice  &  Haliburton,  Woodside;  S.  P. 
Pharis,  Woodside;  Harrington  &  Co.^Pescadero;  Burch  &  Co.,  Pescadero;  A.  Saunders,  Point  Arena. 

Steam  Engines,  Sawmills,  Planing,  Lath  and  Picket  Machines,  etc.,  made  to  order,  at  short  notice. 
3v24-lam-6m  P.  A.  HUNTINGTON,  18  and  20  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


THE     GIANT    POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    3    GIANT    POWDER,, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BAJVK:    BIL,A.9TI1VG,     coal     mines, 

AND    FOB    ALL    SUOH    WOKK    WHERE    THE    BOOK    18    NOT    VERY    HARD 
It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  v/hen  exploded. 

Price.    BO  Cents  per    Pound. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BAMDMAlHf,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


PACIFIC  RURAL  PRESS, 

A    FIRST-CLASS 

Illustrated  Agricultural  Paper. 

It  is  one  of  the  Largest,  best  Illustrated  and  most  Original 

and  Enterprising  Agricultural  Journals  in  America, 

and  has  no  rival  on  the  western  side  of  the 

Continent.    Its  circulation  is  Rapidly 

Increasing,  and  it  is  Very 

Popular  with  its 

Patrons. 

JL   1VEW  HUSBANDRY, 

as  it  were,  is  required  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  account  of  its 

Seculiar  seasons,  soil,  climate  and  topography.  The  new 
iscoveries,  ideas,  and  useful  hints  evolved  in  its  rapid 
progress,  are  to  be  observed  with  interest,  and  read,  as  re- 
ported in  the  Pacific  Rural,  with  profit  by  practical  and 
progressive  agriculturists  everywhere.  Sample  copies  of 
the  PRESS,  post  paid,  10  cts.  Subscription,  $4  a  year. 
DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 
No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  CaL    Nov.,  1871 


From  an  0161  Inventor. 

Marysville,  CaL,  March  2,  1872.— Messrs,  Dewey  & 
Co.,  U.  8.  and  Foreign  Patent  Attorneys,  San  Francisco. 
My  Patent,  through  your  Agency,  is  received.  Please 
accept  my  warmest  thanks  for  the  ability  you  displayed 
in  obtaining  it.  Thirty  years  experience  in  inventing 
and  obtaining  patents  has  taught  me  the  lesson  that 
thai  patent  agency  is  the  cheapest  which  has  the  most 
ability,  integrity  and  energy;  and  without  flattery,  per- 
mit me  to  say  that  I  have  tried  the  most  prominent 
patent  agents  of  the  Atlantic  Coast,  and  have  never  had 
my  work  so  ably  done  as  by  your  firm.  I  have  carefully 
reviewed  the  specifications  and  claims  of  my  patent,  and 
am  unable  to  find  an  error,  nor  would  I  add  a  word  or 
line  thereto;  yet  it  iB  the  most  complicated  and  difficult 
invention  to  specify  clearly  that  I  ever  invented;  still, 
your  lucid  specifications  and  drawings  so  divest  it  of  its 
apparent  complication,  that  it  may  easily  be  understood 
by  any  one.  Permit  me  to  say,  in  conclusion,  that  the 
inventors  of  this  coast  have  cause  for  just  pride  in  the 
possession  of  so  able  a  medium  as  Dewey  &  Co . ,  through 
which  they  may  obtain  justice  at  the  Patent  Office. 

10v3-lam3t  Tours  truly,  S.  Peeton. 


VALUABLE    PATENTS 

For  Sale. 

The  Hamilton  Road  Scraper. 

A  New  Roller  Skate. 

A  Drinking  Fountain  for  Fowls. 

Dr.  Beers'  Improvement  in  Dental  Plates. 

Shears  for  Cutting  Grapes  and  Flowers. 

Aikin's  Furnace  for  Roasting  Ores. 

A  Now  Sash  Tightener.. 

A  Bed  Spring  that  has  no  equal. 

Kennedy's  Screw  Propeller. 

Gustafson's  Tree  Bos. 

A  Grate  Bar  that  don't  burn  out. 

A  Machine  for  Packing  Flour. 

Nevin's  Sand  Cap  for  Hubs. 

West-fall's  Potato  Digger. 

A  New  Collar  Sud  and  Neck  Tie  Holder. 

A  Combination  Household  Tool. 

Bonnoy's  Grain  Lifter. 

A  New  Wire  and  Picket  Fence. 

Self-Acting  Churn  Power. 

A  Machine  to  Roast  Nuts. 

A  Gas  Generator. 

An  Improvement  on  Thill  Attachments. 

Paine's  Culinary  Apparatus. 

A  Superior  Cider  and  Wine  Press. 

A  Self-Opening  Gate. 

A  Plow  on  a  New  Principle. 

Wait's  Improved  Hay  Press. 

We"  invite  parties  who  feel  interested  in  any  of  the 
above  named  patents  to  call  and  examine  samples  or 
s<rnd  for  description.  "WTESTEB.  &  CO., 

eowbp!6p  17  New  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

February  3<>,   1872- 


San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


Leave  going  Jiast. 


•4.00  PMl 
4.35  pm 
4.10  pm 
5.35  pm1 
8.25  PM 
8.48  pm 

10.45  I 


"7.00  am 
7.35  am 
7.50aM 
8.35am| 
11.28  am 
11.50  AM 
1.45  pm 


Arrive  from  WeBt. 


...San  Francisco.. 

...Oukland 

...San  Jose .. 

...Nilos 

...Lathrop 

...Stockton 

. . .  Sacramento  .... 


8.31)  P  M  | 
8.00  PM 
8.30  P  m 
7.05  pm 
4.43  PM 
4.07  pm 
2.20PMI 


"2.20  P  M 
1.50  P  M 

'2.10  pm 
,'2.45  PM 
9.45  I'M 
9.07  P  M 
7.15  A  M 


Leave  going  South 

I     3.00PM 

4.40  p  m 

[    5.30  PM 

Arrive  from  North. 


San  Francisco  &  San  Jose. 


Leave  going  West. 


...San  Francisco.. 

.■-  Niles 

...San  Jose 


Arrive  from  South 

10.40AMI 

8.35  AM  : 


Leave  going  »orth 


Leave  going  South 

17.35  p  M 
8,25  pm 
0.45  PM 
12.15  AM 
Arrive  from  North 


Stockton,  Lathrop  &  Merced. 


...Stockton... 

...Lathrop 

...Modesto..., 
...Merced 


11.30  AM 
8.13  am 
5.45  am 
Leave  go 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  pg-deri. 


•8.20  pm 
g.  45  PM 
3.30  i>  M 
North 


Sacramento 

.  ..Colfax 

— Reno 

— Winnemucca 

—  Battle  Mountain 

....Elko 

Ogden 


10.20  A  M 
2.10  __ 
4.15  PM 
1.25  pm 
8.45  AM 
5.20  p  m 
Leave  going  West. 


Marysville    &  Red  Bluff. 

Arrive  from  North 


4.45  pm 

3.25  p  N 
12.00  M 
5.30  AM 


Leave  going 

a.00  p  M 

5.40  PM 

1.00  A  M 

9.10  am 
12.00  m 

4.40  I'M 

6.20  am 
Arrive  from  West, 

Sacramento. 
Leave  going  North 
"8.45  ami    2.35  pm  — Sacramento  . 

10.25  am     3.25  pm  — Junction 

1.50  PMJ    5.15pm  ....Marysville... . 

8.00  pmI     8.35  pm  ....Tehama 

|     9.30  pm  ....Red  BlulL... 

Arrive  from  Soutkl 

San    Francisco,  "Vallejo    &   Calistoga. 

Leave  guiug  Northi  lArriva  from  North 

"4.00  PMI     7.30  a  M  ...  .San  Francisco. .      HM  r  mi*12.I5  p  m 

6.30pm      9.30am  ....Vallejo 6.05pm    10.30pm 

7.28  pm    10.40  am  ....Napa 4.50  pm      9.30  pm 

9.10pmI     1.00  pm     ...Calistoga 3.00  pm|    8.00am 

Arrive  from  South]  |Leavo  going  South 

San  Francisco,  Vallejo  &  Knight's  Landing-. 
lArrive  from  East. 
..San  Francisco..  "12.15  p  Ml  ?8.(I0pm 

..Vallejo 10.30hm     6.05  pm 

..Davis 7.10  pm     3.3  'P  m 

..Knight's  I. Mini'.'.  I     5.30  A  m|    2.30  v  m 
I  Leave  going  West. 


1.05  pm 
12.15  pm 
10.20  am 

6.50  a  m 

tt.OOAM   ... 

Leave  going  South 


East. 

4.U0  P  M 


Leave  going 
t7.30  AMI  *4 
9.35  AM  6.35  pm 
12.05PM  10. Ill  PM 
1.00  pmI  11.45pm 
Arrive  from  West. 


San  Francisco  &  Healdsburg/. 


Leave  going  North 
*2.0OpmS 
4.35  p  m 

5.U0  P  M 
6.00  PM 
0.45  p  M 


*7.10am 

8.20  A  M 
0  45  a  M 
10.20  am 


Purchasers  please  aay  advertised  in  Scientific  Press, 


Arrive  from  South 

Stockton 

Leave  going  South 

|*11.25am 

I   11.52am 

12.42pm 

I     1.32  p  M 


I  Arrive  from  North. 
*11.00  AM 
8.45  a  M 
...i™,^.™ 8.20  AM 

. . .  Santa  Rosa 7.30  A  M 

...Healdsburg I    6,45  a  m 

'Leave  going  South 
Milton   &  Oak  Dale. 


5.35  I'M 
5.011  I'M 
3.30  PM 
2.00 


..Stockton 

..C.P.R.R.  Depot. 

.Peters 

.Milton 


I     1.44  p  m  I Oak  Dale 2.00  i-  m  I . . . . 

Arrive  from  North  I  Leave  going  North 

CAL.  P.  R.  R.  CO.'S  STEAMhRS. 


Arrive  from  South 

"4.25  PMI 

3.52  p  m  

3.02  pm  

2.12  pmI 


Leave  going  East,  j 


"4,0(1  l'  M 
6.00  r  m 
7.00 


*4.00pmI. 


Arrive  from  East 


10.00  p  m 


12.00  m. 
Leave  goingWest. 


H.U0  p  M 

6.00  p  m 

5.00  p  M 


San  Francisco. 

I....  Vallejo 
— Benicia 
Stockton 
—  Sacramento  ... 

H®""  Explanation. 

For  trains  rnnning  "from"  Sun  Francisco,  take  the  left 
hand  columns  and  read  downwards. 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  hand  columns  unci  read  upwards. 

OAKLAND  BRANCH. -Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00, 
8  10,  9  2j,  1U10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  10,  1  .50,3  00.  4  01),  5  15,630,  Rflrf 
9.20  and  Ml  30  p.  m.    (9  20.  11  20  and  3  mi  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  0  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30. 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.4)1  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  *-5  40,  6  50,  8  00,  910,  10  00,  and  1110  a. 
m.,  1200, 1  40.  2  5ii,  3  ,r.H,  r>  0.r>,  (j  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.— LEAVE  San  Francisco.  7  20, 9  (10. 
and  11 15  a.  in..  1  30,  4  Oil,  5  30,  and  7  Ou  p.  m.  (T  20,  11 15.  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Lf.ave  Hatwakds,  "4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m.,  130, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 

*  Sundays  excepted.       +  Sundays  only'. 

T.  H.  GOODL1AN, 
Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Act. 


A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gon'ISupt. 


COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Press  can  be  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  and  best  information  on  mining  and 
the  industry  of  this  coast  of  any  work  published. 


W.  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO 
c  r  T  Y 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Aflsaion  and  Fremont  Streets* 

MAKUFAOTTJHEBS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

.      CASTINGS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN    AND       ,AI*»     Jli  JCJLI.tt,     OOlMlS, 

FIRE  ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  "Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished  "with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

S£?"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS.  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GABRATT,  JAMES  HILLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPAULDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nob.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTURES  OP 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  he  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  "World. 

Eacb  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect j 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MLLLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTIOK 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING-, 

Made  by  H.  ROYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 


Hubbard,   Lippincott,    Bakewell  &    Co., 


MANTJiFACXTJIftERisS. 

J,  E.  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Baws,  are  superceding  aU  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lippencott  <& 
1'ullle's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  o 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbard  Bro.  &  Co.  and  Lippencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADES. 

AU  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  wiU  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest  Market  Prices, 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

JS^~  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  address 

HUBBARD,  UPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
mall-16p-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  Ar>. 

Harper's  Weekly 

All  the  Year  Round.. 

5  00 

6  00 
15  00 

W.  E.  LOOMIS, 
News  Dealer 

AUD  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streetB, 

BUPPL1ES  ALL 

Eastern    Peroneals, 

BY  THE 

Year,  Month,  or  Number. 


MIIVIIVO    BUREAU 


— OF  THE — 


Pacific  Coast. 

(F  Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Con Bulate  of  France. 

San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Building),  Room  32,  Third  floor. 

J.  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.  Hotchins,  secretary. 

N.  B,— Application  for  Registry,  t  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary, San  Francisco  office. 


BY    X>  JEW  ICY    Ac    CO. 

Patont    Solicitor**. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  16,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

IN  umber     11. 


The  Proposed  New  Land  Policy. 

Tho  now  land  policy,  08  shadowed  forth  by 
the  bills  lately  introduced  by  Assemblyman 
Barker,  ought  to  meet  tho  approval  of  every 
sincere  friend  of  the  industrial  and  commerciu 
interests  of  tho  Pacific  Coast.  Thoso  bills  pro- 
vide briefly  as  follows; 

First,  wo  have  a  Joint  Resolution  asking 
Congress  to  resume  public  lands  in  California 
for  actual  settlers  only,  under  the  homestead 
and  pre-emption  laws.  The  effect  of  that  ac- 
tion by  Congess  would  bo  to  stop  the  whole- 
sale entries  of  lands  and  concentration  of  whole 
townships  in  speculative  hands — a  policy  dis- 
couraging to  immigration  and  the  material  de- 
velopment of  the  State. 

Next  we  havo  an  Act  reserving  all  lands  be- 
longing to  this  State  for  settlers  only — a  meas- 
ure like  tho  ono  asked  from  Congress,  and  in- 
tended to  place  a  check  upon  tho  wholesale  ab- 
sorption by  speculators  of  State,  School  and 
Swamp  lands. 

Then  comes  an  act  requiring  parties  who 
have  bought  State  lands  on  credit,  and  who 
are  not  actually  living  upon  and  cultivating  the 
same,  to  pay  over  to  the  State  the  balance  due 
within  a  certain  time  on  pain  of  forfeiture. 
The  law  under  which  such  sales  were  originally 
made  authorizes  this  special  legislation. 

The  fourth  and  last  bill .  introduced  by  Mr. 
Barker,  provides  that  copies  of  maps  and  re- 
cords of  State  and  United  States  lands,  now 
lying  open  to  preemption,  or  unimproved  and 
not  paid  for,  shall  be  furnished  to  all  County 
Recorders,  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  at  large, 
together  with  any  other  attainable  information 
which  may  become  the  means  of  guiding  settlers 
to  the  selection  of  desirable  land  for  improve- 
ment. 

This  last  bill  is  a  very  important  matter  to 
the  settler,  who  has  neither  the  time  or  expe- 
rience in  such  matters  to  properly  inform  him- 
self, or  the  means  to  employ  attorneys  to  do 
that  which  the  sellers,  (in  this  case,  State  or 
National  Government)  under  other  circumstan- 
ces, always  do  to  effect  a  sale  of  their  property. 
These  bills,  together,  present  a  land  policy 
which  must  commend  itself  to  every  well-mean- 
ing citizen,  who  has  the  welfare  of  the  State  at 
heart,  or  who  is  willing  to  unite  in  any  proper 
effort  to  discourage  unwholesome  land  monop- 
olies, and  thereby  encourage  that  class  of  im- 
migration which  the  State  most  needs. 

Qtjicksllyek  Fumes. — We  hear  much 
complaint  with  regard  to  the  deleterious  in- 
fluence of  quicksilver  fumes  both  from  re- 
torting the  precious  metals  and  from  fur- 
nace operations  in  treating  the  ores  of 
cinnabar  at  the  quicksilver  mines.  Mr. 
William  Erin  gel,  who  has  been  for  some 
time  employed  at  the  Eedington  Quick- 
silver mines,  at  Enoxville,  Napa  county, 
informs  us  that  many  are  severely  troubled 
in  that  way  at  that  mine. 

Much  care  should  be  taken  by  firemen 
and  laborers  engaged  in  the  furnace  opera- 
tions about  a  quicksilver  mine.  One  of 
the  great  ' '  dangers  is  in  drawing  the 
charges;"  which  is  often  done  when  the 
ore  is  red  hot,  and  before  it  has  been  fully 
freed  from  its  cinnabar.  The  danger  of 
such  a  practice,  to  say  nothing  of  its  waste- 
fulnesss,  ought  to  be  carefully  avoided. 
Mr.  E.  informs  us  that  men  while  "draw- 
ing," often  find  so  much  mercury  deposit- 
ed on  their  hats  that  they  can  shake  the 
globules  together  and  pour  the  quick- 
silver off.  Even  if  workmen  can  be  found 
who  are  willing  to  stand  such  an  ex- 
posure, the  interest  of  the  company  ought 
to  prompt  superintendents  and  others 
having  responsibility,  to  see  that  charges 
are  more  thoroughly  reduced  and  cooled 
down  before  the  furnaces  are  opened. 


Wright's  Improved  Saw  Gauge. 

The  ocoompanying  cuts  reprosont  L. 
Wright's  improved  saw  gauge  for  gauging 
the  width  of  stuff  for  circular  saws,  which 
from  its  peculiar  advantages  commends 
itself  to  all  having  use  for  such  an  article. 
It  supplies  a  want  long  felt  by  sawyers, 
the  old  method  being  defective  in  many 
respects. 

Fig.  1  represents  the  gauge  with 
the  bevel  attachment,  which  can  be  set  at 
any  angle,  and  is  indispensable  for  mould- 
ing mills,  and  other  places  where  bevel 
sawing  is  desired.  A  represents  the  circu- 
lar saw  table.     J?  is  a  grooved  way,  which 


attaching  the  fence  to  the  plate  F,  and  is 
shown  in  Fig.  2.  The  machine  may  be 
seen  at  the  Pacific  Saw  Manufacturing  Co., 
No.  17  and  19  Fremont  street,  in  this  city. 

The  Submarine  Teleobath  cables  in 
China  are  suffering  from  the  attacks  of 
some  minute  crustacean,  so  small  as  to  be 
scarcely  perceptible  to  the  naked  eye. 
Various  breaks  havo  been  traced  to  the 
agency  of  these  animals  who  imbed  them- 
selves in  the  gutta  percha. 

Mining  Discoveries 

Specimens  of  coal  and  copper  have  been 
brought  into   Visalia,  Tulare   county,  re- 


ify. I. 


is  let  into  the  table,  flush  with  the  top.  C 
is  the  portion  of  the  gauge  to  which  the 
fastening  arrangement  is  attached,  and 
slides  perfectly  free  in  the  grooved  way, 
and  can  be  removed  from  the  way,  at  any 
point  between  the  saw  and   the  edge  of 


cently  and  created  no  little  excitement.  A 
gold  ledge  has  been  discovered  near  there, 
in  Yokall  Valley,  about  35  miles  distant;  it 
is  narrow  but  rich.  A  Bilver  lead  has  been 
found  on  Smith's  mountain  at  the  head  of 
Eing's  Elver,  the  ore  from  which  is  ex- 


table;  thus  presenting  a  perfectly  clear 
top  for  other  purposes.  The  screw,  D, 
terminates  with  a  taper,  which  when  the 
wheel  is  turned,  forces  itself  between  two 
pieces  let  into  the  slide,  0,  and  which 
presses  against  the  inside  of  the  way,  there- 
by perfectly  fastening  the  gauge  to  the 
bench.  A  single  quarter-turn  of  the  wheel 
releases  the  pressure,  and  allows  the  gauge 
to  slide  perfectly  free  in  the  way,  or  to  be 
removed  at  pleasure.  This  is  the  great 
feature  of  this  gauge,  and  renders  it  the 
most  adjustable  fixture  ever  offered  to 
sawyers.  The  plate  F  is  hinged  at  the 
end  of  C,  so  that  the  face  can  be  adjusted 
in  perfect  line  with  the  saw;  when  once 
adjusted  it  is  secured  in  position  by  set- 
screw.  E,  O,  Sand  /are  the  bevel  arrange- 
ments; the  wood  /  can  be  tilted  at  any 
angle,  and  then  secured  by  the  thumb- 
screws   The   plain    gauge  is  formed  by 


pected  to  pay  not  less   than  $400  per  ton. 

The  Winnemucca  Register  chronicles  the 
discovery  of  a  rich  gold  mine,  about  10 
miles  from  that  place.  The  claim  shows 
good  prospects,  some  of  the  rock  being 
covered  with  fine  gold. 

The  TJnionville  SiVrer  Stale  has  seen  some 
very  rich  silver  ore  from  a  recent  discov- 
ery near  that  place. 

Reports  of  the  discovery  of  rich  deposits 
of  gold  in  the  Black  Hills  continue  to  be 
received.  A  gentleman  who  had  lately  ar- 
rived at  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  brings  rich 
specimens  of  quartz  and  says  the  Indians 
have  large  quantities  of  gold. 


Aiuzona. — A  small  party  of  miners  who 
have  some  time  been  working  in  Black 
Canon,  about  50  miles  southeast  of  Pres- 
cott,  have  been  compelled  to  leave  their 
claims  owing  to  fears  of  an  Indian  attack. 


Too  Wet  to  Plow. 

In  several  districts  of  the  State  where  adobe 
lands  abound,  the  continued  rains  have  made 
the  lands  too  wet  to  admit  of  plowing  for  wheat 
at  present,  and  it  is  becoming  a  question  of 
great  importance  to  know  how  late  it  will  do  to 
defer  seeding  and  still  hope  for  a  fair  crop. 
Many  doubtless  will  bow  wheat  much  later 
than  they  would  otherwise  have  dared,  but  for 
the  unusual  and  almost  continued  rainfall  since 
December.  It  has  so  long  been  the  great 
staple  crop  of  the  majority  of  our  grain  farm- 
ers that  they  find  themselves  in  difficulty  and 
doubt  as  to  what  is  best  to  do. 

How  late  can  the  common  California  varie- 
ties of  winter  wheat  be  sown  and  mature  a 
crop  ?  Of  course  very  much  depends  upon  the 
quantity  of  rainfall  between  this  and  the  first 
of  May.  But,  are  we  to  have  as  abundant  late 
spring  rains  as  heretofore,  following  close  upon 
our  long-continued  and  almost  unprecedented 
winter  rains  ?  These  are  questions  which  time 
alone  will  determine;  it  becomes  the  farmer, 
therefore,  to  look  around  for  some  avenue  of 
escape  from  the  dearth  of  pocket  likeryjto  occur, 
if  he  fails  of  a  fair  amount  of  acres  of  fully  ma- 
tured and  marketable  wheat. 

In  all  the  Northern  States  of  the  Atlantic 
they  sow  wheat  which  is  know  as  spring  wheat, 
as  late  as  they  sow  oats,  or  in  April  to  the  very 
last  week,  and  still  harvest  excellent  yields  of 
wheat.  It  is  not  too  late  for  our  farmers  to 
send  for  this  variety,  which  can  be  sown  and 
fully  mature  its  grain,  at  a  season  so  late  that 
the  ordinary  wheat  of  California  would  be 
nearly  a  total  failure.  It  is  a  wheat  so  entirely 
distinct  from  the  other  varieties,  that  it  takes 
its  peculiar  rank  and  place  in  the  markets  of 
all  the  great  grain  depots  of  the  Northwest.  It 
can  be  procured  in  Chicago  in  any  quintity. 
The  only  question  is,  can  it  mature  here,  sub- 
ject to  our  almost  rainless  months  of  June  and 
July? 


Buy  the  Right  Fruit. 

A  subscriber,  A.  C,  writing  from  Stony 
Point,  Sonoma  county,  attributes  the  dissat- 
isfaction felt  by  the  consumers  of  fruits  with 
the  article  they  purchase,  to  a  want  of  knowl- 
edge of  the  best  varieties;  that  if  they  would 
give  more  attention  to  this,  and  then  buy  none 
but  of  good  quality  or  condition,  when  put 
upon  the  market,  very  little  trouble  would  ever 
be  felt.  He  recommends  among  the  apples  for 
family  use,  the  Red  Astrachan,  Gravenstein, 
Baldwin,  Bellflower;  Smith's  Cider,  Esopus 
Spitzenberg,  R.  I.  Greening  and  Yellow  New- 
town Pippin. 

Then  he  makes  the  following  suggestion  on 
another  matter: — "A  good  way  to  make  dry 
tough  timber  more  servicable,  such  as  whip 
stock,  axe  handles,  etc.,  is  to  soak  them  in 
water  for  six  hours  and  then  use  them  until 
dry;  by  this  means  you  bring  the  spring  into 
the  wood  before  breaking.    Try  it!" 


Gold  in  the  Coloeado. — Extensive  pla- 
cer diggings  have  been  struck  on  the  Col- 
orado river,  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Virgen.  A  correspondent  of  the  Salt 
Lake  News  says  that  half  an  ounce  a  day 
has  been  made  to  the  hand.  Various  pla- 
ces have  been  visited  along  the  river  and 
fine  gold  has  been  found  at  most  of  them. 
People  seem  satisfied  that  the  Colorado 
will  be  lined  with  mining  camps  before 
another  winter  sets  in.  A  number  of  par- 
ties are  out  prospecting. 


162 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  16,  1872. 


Correspondence. 


Notes  of  Travel  in  Yuba  County. 

[By  our  Traveling  CorreBpondent.l 

Marysville, 

The  county  seat  of  this  county,  is  situated 
about  40  miles  distant  from  Sacramento 
city  via.  rail,  not  the  shortest,  but  the  only 
route  by  which  your  city  is  reached  at  this 
writing;  the  railroad  via.  Knight's  Land- 
ing and  Davisville,  being  completely  sub- 
merged in  places.  This  city  contains 
about  6,000  inhabitants,  has  two  first-class 
hotels,  the  "  Western  House  "  and  "  Daw- 
son House,"  and  in  a  manufacturing  way, 
is  second  to  none  of  its  size,  in  the  State. 

Best  &  Brown's  "Separator" 
Is  manufactured  at  this  place,  the  patent 
upon  which  was  obtained  through  your 
office.  The  proprietors  of  this  separator 
are  at  present  only  manufacturing  models, 
for  the  purchasers  of  county  rights;  14 
men  are  regularly  employed  and  $20,000 
worth  of  county  rights  have  been  disposed 
of  within  the  last  30  days.  It  is  a  porta- 
ble machine,  costs  $500,  and  has  a  capacity 
of  ^cleaning  60  tons  of  grain,  or  seed  of 
any  description,  daily;  it  is  especially 
adapted  for  cleaning  barley  for  brewers, 
castor  beans,  etc,;  if  a  half  dozen  kinds  of 
grain  be  mixed,  it  will  separate  each,  in  a 
different  sack.  So  highly  pleased  were  the 
Japanese  with  it,  (when  they  visited  this 
city  a  few  weeks  since)  that  they  propose 
to  introduce  it  into  Japan  to  clean  rice 
with.  I  am  satisfied  it  is  a  fortune  to  its 
owners. 

Eureka  Gang  Plow. 

Hill's  patent  is  another  of  the  important 
manufactured  articles  of  this  city.  Messrs. 
Hill  &  Knaugh,  proprietors,  are  at  present 
working  a  force  of  20  men  in  the  manu- 
facture of  some  half  dozen  kinds  of  single 
gang  and  sod-plows.  The  Eureka  sulky 
plow,  a  double  gang,  all  iron  except  the 
pole,  is  manufactured  at  $95  each;  with 
chilled  cast-iron  points  at  $85;  the  Cham- 
pion deep-tilling  stubble  plow  at  from  $85 
to  $90.  They  also  manufacture  a  sod  or 
tule  plow  on  trucks,  with  seat  for  driver, 
at  from  $80  to  $90.  Several  I  saw  in  use, 
gave  entire  satisfaction;  their  plows  for 
gravelly  ground  (especially  made)  are  a 
great  success. 

Doors,  Windows  and    Blinds. 

One  of  the  largest  establishments  of 
this  class  of  articles  anywhere  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  State,  is  carried  on  at  this 
place  by  Messrs.  Swain  &  Hudson;  they 
dp  a  general  turning  and  scroll-sawing 
business  in  addition,  and  at  present  are 
employing  50  men.  Their  manufactory  is 
situated  on  the  corner  of  First  and  D 
streets. 

Guns,  Rifles,  and   Pistols. 

Some  of  the  most  extraordinary,  and  I  am 
credibly  informed,  the  most  effective  wea- 
pons, manufactured  on  this  Coast,  eman- 
ate from  the  establishment  of  B.  Biglow, 
95,  D.  street,  Marysville.  The  celebrated 
"Kit  Carson"  carries  a  seven  shooter  re- 
peating rifle,  made  by  Mr  B.  since  his 
residence  here.  As  it  may  be  of  some  in- 
terest to  the  sporting,  and  target  shooting 
readers  of  the  Peess,  I  will  mention  a  few 
kinds  of  weapons  made  by  Mr.  B. — to- 
gether with  the  prices  charged.  Common 
hunting  rifle  from  $25  to  $100;  target  ri- 
fles, from  $45  to  $200;  seven  shooter  re- 
peating rifles  from  $100  to  $200,  after  the 
Billinghurst  patent,  with  rifled  cylinder; 
double-barrelled  rifle,  one  above  the  other, 
from  $65  to  $150;  shot  gun  and  rifle  com- 
bined, from  $50  to  $120.  He  fits  new  bar- 
rels in  Henry  rifles,  and  manufactures  a 
rifle  warranted  to  shoot  through  a  half- 
inch  of  solid  iron,  carrying  8  grams  of 
powder. 

Scirpus  Lacustris. 

S.  D.  Baldwin,  jeweler,  of  this  place,  has 
lately  patented  through  your  office,  and 
claims  the  right  of  manufacturing  paper 
and  other  fabrics  from  the  above  named 
substance,  whioh  is  common  tule;  it  grows 
from  3  to  12  feet  high,  has  an  outer  fibre, 
and  an  inner  pulp.  The  specimens  shown 
your  correspondent,  have  a  staple  equal 
to  the  best  cotton.  "With  the  immense 
acreage  of  tule  in  California— should  this 
enterprise  prove  what  is  claimed  for  it, 
cotton  will  no  longer  be  "  King." 

Buckeye  Flouring  Mill, 
At  this  place,  A.  D.  Starr  &  Co.,  proprie- 
tors, is  run  by  a  steam  engine  of  120  horse 
power;  it  has  6  run  of  burrs,  a  storage  ca- 
pacity of  1,500  tons,  and  a  capacity  of 
making  250  barrels  of  flour  every  24  hours; 


15  men  are  regularly  employed;  the  ma- 
chinery used  is  cog-gearing,  and  to  pro- 
vent  "backlash,"  one  of  Logan's  patent 
Bubber  Backlash  Springs  is  attached  to 
the  burrs;  it  gives  perfect  satisfaction  at 
this  mill,  and  they  inform  me,  completely 
takes  off  all  "  backlash." 

Business  Men. 

The  principal  dealer  in  stoves,  tin, 
sheet-iron,  pumps,  'copperware,  hardware 
and  glassware,  is  E.  L.  Boss  &  Co.,  No.  66 
D  street. 

Messrs.  Bell  &  Garrett,  are  the  whole- 
sale and  retail  grocers  of  this  seotion,  and 
deal  in  everything  appertaining  to  that 
line  of  trade,  making  it  the  ohief  head 
quarters  for  farmers  for  miles  around. 

Nevada  Stage  Co., 

Running  between  Marysville  and  Nevada, 
daily  (Sundays  excepted)  is  satisfactory  to 
the  traveling  public;  the  distance  is  40 
miles,  fare  $5.  On  the  route  you  pass 
Timbuctoo,  Sucker  Flat,  Smartsville, 
Bough  and  Beady  and  Grass  Valley. 
Messrs.  Chas.  Sherman  and  John  Bordwell 
are  proprietors.  n.  p.  mc. 

Our  Pacific  Coast  Islands. 

Editors  Press: — In  your  issue  of  Dec. 
23d  you  asked  for  information  relating  to 
the  islands  and  other  lands  on  the  south- 
ern coast  of  California.  I  have  waited 
until  now  in  the  expectation  that  some  one, 
better  informed  on  this  subject,  would 
have  given  the  information  desired. 

There  are  Six  Islands 
South  of  Point  Conception;  three  of  which, 
Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Eosa  and  San  Miguel, 
lying  south  of  and  near  the  coast  of  Santa 
Barbara  county,  varying  in  length  from 
ten  to  thirty,  by  an  average  width  of  about 
five  miles.  Further  south,  on  the  coast  of 
Los  Angeles  county,  are  Santa  Catalina, 
San  Clemente  and  San  Nicolas,  about 
equal  in  size  to  the  three  above  mentioned. 
All  of  these  islands  are  fully  stocked  with 
sheep  and  are,  I  believe,  held  by  various 
parties  under  Spanish  grants.  They  are 
all  hilly  and  even  mountainous,  with  little 
or  no  land  suitable  for  cultivation.  Some 
of  the  larger  ones  have  springs  and  small 
streams  of  fresh  water;  but  most  of  them 
have  no  fresh  water  upon  them  at  all;  but 
all  are  stocked  with  sheep,  which  are  not 
herded,  but  permitted  to  take  care  of  them- 
selves except  when  they  are  corralled  for 
the  purpose  of  shearing  or  drafting  for 
sale. 

It  is  a  singular  fact  that  the  sheep  do 
just  as  well  on  the  islands  destitute  of 
water,  as  upon  the  others;  the  fogs  and 
dews  supplying  all  the  moisture  they  re- 
ceive. Although  the  expense  of  herding 
is  avoided,  the  sheep  become  so  wild  that 
a  large  force  is  required  to  corral  and 
handle  them  upon  the  occasions  when  it  is 
necessary  to  do  so,  and  it  is  quite  probable 
that  when  herded  on  good  pastures  on  the 
main  land,  the  profit  is  greater;  and  cer- 
tainly persons  who  wish  to  breed  fine 
sheep  and  make  fine  wool,  would  infinitoly 
prefer  the  latter. 

On  the  Main  Land, 
The  quality  of  our  pastures  is  much  su- 
perior to  that  on  the  islands,  and  invest- 
ments there  will  increase  more  rapidly  in 
value,  as  there  is  always  a  considerable 
proportion  of  the  lands  on  our  large 
ranchos  suitable  for  cultivation,  which  as 
the  population  increases  will  become  valu- 
able as  farming  lands.  Seme  large  fortunes 
have  already  been  made  in  this  way  from 
ranchos  purchased  originally  for  sheep 
ranges;  and  there  are  yet  many  valuable 
tracts  for  sale,  at  from  one  to  four  dollars 
per  acre,  varying  in  size  from  five  to  fifty 
thousand  acres.  To  give  an  idea  of 
The  Quality  of  Our  Winter  Pastures, 
I  will  state  that  at  the  present  time  the 
grass  on  the  hills  and  uplands  is  from  one 
to  two  feet  high,  and  will  continue  green 
and  growing  until  May  and  June,  after 
which  it  dries  into  the  finest  natural  hay 
in  the  world,  and  is  then  far  better  for 
fattening  stock  than  when  green. 

There  are  thousands  of  acres  of  valley 
lands  on  the  Stearns  ranchos,  near  this 
town,  that  if  sown  with  alfalfa  would  sup- 
port ten  sheep  to  the  acre,  furnishing 
abundance  of  green  feed  throughout  the 
year  without  irrigation,  as  these  lands  are 
underlaid  by  an  unfailing  supply  of  water 
at  a  depth  of  from  four  to  eight  feet  from 
the  surface,  a  depth  easily  reached  by  all 
strong  rooted  plants. 

These  are  the  lands  upon  which  the 
semi-tropical  fruits  flourish,  and  although 
now  selling  at  from  $15  to  $25  per  acre, 


will  in  a  few  years  become  immensely 
valuable.  Eight  inches  of  rain  has  this 
season  completely  saturated  these  lands 
with  moisture.  Early  sown  grain  is  grow- 
ing so  rank  that  it  has  fallen  flat  upon  the 
ground,  and  is  being  mown  to  allow  it  to 
grow  up  again.  With  eight  inches  of  rain 
any  other  pert  of  the  world  would  be  a 
desert;  ten  with  us  is  a.full  supply. 

Yours  truly,  Wm.  B.  Olden. 

Anaheim,  Feb.  28,  1872. 


Continuation  of  Veins  in  Depth. 

[Extracts  from  Warrington  Smyth's  Lectures.] 

It  cannot  be  expected  that  small  strings 
will  penetrate  to  any  great  depth,  or,  as  a 
rule,  that  small  veins  will  be  found  large- 
ly productive  under  such  circumstances. 
In  the  olden  books  much  was  said  about  what 
are  called  "  gash  veins,"  which  are  V-like 
openings  from  the  surface,  but  which 
gradually  tend  to  a  point  where  they  come  to 
an  end.  Some  of  these  in  the  last  century 
were  described  without  due  care,  as  after 
descending  some  distance,  no  thicker  than 
a  feather  edge,  they  were  found  to  widen 
out  again,  and  become  wide  and  important 
like  a  reversed  a.-  Some  excuse  might  be 
urged  for  the  mistake,  as  explorations  cost 
money,  and  the  veins  became  so  very  at- 
tenuated that  it  was  not  wonderful  an  ad- 
verse conclusion  should  be  drawn.  These, 
however,  are  exactly  the  conditions  under 
which  veins  have  been  opened  to  as  great 
depths  of  as  from  2,000  to  3,000  feet. 
For  instance  the  copper  lode  of  the  Trasa- 
vean  mine,  is  worked  through  to  the  solid 
granite  to  a  depth  of  340  fms.;  the  Samson 
mine  of  Andreasberg,  is  410  fms.  deep. 
The  lodes  were  never  more  than  14  or  15 
in.  in  breadth,  and  sometimes  very  much 
less;  and  yet  they  were  followed  to  this 
enormous  depth  with  wonderful  persever- 
ance and  success,  although  one  of  them  is 
now  no  longer  worked. 

A  still  more  remarkable  case  is  that  of 
the  mine  of  Kongengrub,  in  Norway,  in 
which  a  little  vein,  only  two  or  three 
inches  in  thiokness,  is  followed.to  a  depth 
of  266  fathoms.  Facts  like  these  must  fill 
the  miner  with  constant  hope,  and  that, 
too,  not  based  on  mere  theory.  Nothing 
can  be  a  greater  fallacy  than  to  Bet  out  on 
a  mining  adventure,  and  finding  the  vein 
to  be  small  and  poor,  to  oonclude  that  it  is 
not  worth  working.  On  the  contrary,  a 
narrow  vein  may  be  found  to  open  out 
downwards  and  enlarge  for  a  considerable 
distance.  Without  knowing  the  general 
character  of  a  district,  it  is  impossible  to 
say  whether  a  vein  which  commences  small 
is  likely  to  open  out;  and,  therefore,  it 
will  all  depend  on  the  intrinsic  value  of 
the  metal  sought  for  whether  it  will  pay 
for  descending  through,  it  may  be,  very 
hard  rocks  to  such  great  depths. 

Somewhat  similar  depths  have  been  at- 
tained in  other  countries.  In  the  Hartz, 
the  Clausthal  Mines  are  worked  to  a  depth 
of  300  fms.,  on  veins  of  very  moderate 
thickness,  producing  silver  ore  and  argen- 
tiferous galena.  In  Saxony,  the  Freiberg 
Mines  afford  an  interesting  example  of 
silver  veins,  retaining  their  character  and 
richness  at  considerable  depths,  many  of 
them  now  exceeding  230  fathoms.  At 
Schemnitz,  in  Hungary,  220  fms.  is  not 
an  uncommon  depth;  but,  perhaps,  the 
most  remarkable  deep  mine  in  the  world 
is  that  of  Przibram,  to  the  west  of  Prague. 
Veins  Variously  Affected  in  Passing  Through  Dif- 
ferent Stratas. 

At  the  end  of  the  last  centiuy  there  was 
a  case  in  which  it  was  believed  a  vein  came 
to  a  total  end,  and  a  great  number  of 
mines  have  been  abandoned  in  conseqence 
of  aj  belief  that  the  vien  would  not  widen 
out,  and  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  go- 
ing down  to  such  great  depths.  The  case 
I  have  alluded  to  was  that  of  Llewgyrog, 
in  Montgomeryshire,  where,  after  enor- 
mous expenses  had  been  incurred,  the 
vein  wedged  out  in  the  deep.  A  very  sin- 
gular case  occurred  some  years  since  in 
Scotland.  On  one  of  the  mountains  south 
of  the  Tay,  the  late  Marquis  of  Breadal- 
bane  discovered  a  vein  of  argentiferous 
lead  ore,  and  -  a  good  deal  was  extracted 
from  it.  All  at  once  the  vein  disappeared, 
and  it  turned  out  that  the  summit  of  the 
hill  was  capped  with  fluor  limestone,  and 
that  the  veins  did  not  penetrate  further, 
but  when  they  reached  the  material  below 
their  ore-bearing-  character  at  once  ceased. 
In  another  case  a  lode  was  rich  while  it 
was  in  the  greenstone,  but  beyond  that  it 
could  only  be  traced  as  a  film  of  calcare- 
ous spar  through  a  bed  of  black  shale,  and 
passing  again  into  a  bed  of  greenstone  it 
resumed  its  former  size  and  ore-bearing 
condition. 

In  the  north  of  England  veins  are  traced 
through  a  succession  of  clearly  and  distinct- 
ly stratified  beds,  while  in  the  west  of  En- 


gland and  parts  of  Wales  it  is  difficult  to 
make  out  their  direction  under  such  cir- 
cumstances. In  the  north,  they  have  the 
advantage  of  seeing  what  is  done  when  the 
vein  passes  from  one  bed  to  another.  These 
beds  set  downwards  regularly,  through 
limestone,  shale,  and  grit  or  sandstone; 
ami  it  is  found  that  when  the  vein  cheeks 
against  the  limestone  on  both  sides  it  is 
likely  to  be  rich,  when  only  on  one  side 
not  so  rich,  when  in  the  others  it  ceases 
altogether  to  yield  ore. 

These  are  conclusions  which  have  been 
arrived  at  all  over  a  large  area  which  has 
been  worked  for  many  years,  and  that,  too, 
under  the  observation  of  men  of  undoubted 
ability  and  reputation.  It  is  an  exceed- 
ingly interesting  and  instructive  study  to 
follow  the  phenomena  of  any  district,  and 
compare  them  with  what  is  found  in  other 
parts  of  the  country.  As  a  general  rule, 
in  all  parts  of  Europe,  when  you  get  a 
black  shale  the  lode  ceases  to  yield  ore  in 
any  quantity,  and  becomes  not  only  greatly 
impoverished,  but  pinched  as  to  size.  A 
lode  may,  in  passing  from  one  class  of 
limestone  to  another,  or  from  one  rock  to 
another,  lose  some  of  its  ore-bearing  excel- 
lence; but,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  just  as 
likely  to  improve,  whereas  in  shale  it  al- 
ways goes  off.  Thus,  if  a  vein  comes  to  a 
bed  of  chert,  a  hard  flinty  material,  it  is 
quite  notorious  that  it  will  become  exceed- 
ingly rich,  and  then,  when  it  passes  to  the 
shale  beneath,  exceedingly  poor. 

Professor  Wheatley  has  pointed  out  that 
in  the  west  of  Scotland,  veins,  while  pass- 
ing through  beds  of  the  Lower  Silurian 
Limestone,  contain  large  quantities  of  lead 
ore,  while  in  others,  somewhat  different  in 
composition  and  color,  they  yield  none 
whatever,  or  next  to  none.  Another  case 
may  be  cited  from  the  Lake  Superior  dis- 
trict of  the  United  States,  famous  for  its 
vast  masses  of  native  copper.  There  the 
veins,  when  found  coursing  through  hard 
dolomitic  and  amygdaloid  beds,  are  richer 
in  some  qualities  of  ore,  and  poorer  in 
others,  than  when  passing  through  rocks 
of  a  different  character. 

Lodes  on  the  clay-slate  rocks  of  the  west 
of  England  are  not  always  easy  to  follow 
up,  but  their  most  productive  portions  are 
those  which  are  nearest  the  contact  of  this 
rock  with  granite.  When  slatestone  is  fa- 
vorable for  roofing  and  other  building 
purposes,  its  metalliferous  character  dis- 
appears, and  it  is  only  when  comparatively 
soft .  that  it  seems  fitted  for  the  reception 
of  metallic  ores. 


Mining:  Investments.  —  The  mining 
World  (London)  in  an  editorial  on  mining 
matters  says:  Whatever  may  be  said  of 
foreign  mining,  the  bona  fides  of  promoters, 
and  the  truth  of  representations  made  re- 
specting richness  of  deposits  and  estima- 
ted yield,  the  genuine  facts  of  home  min- 
ing are  beyond  suspicion.  It  is  impera- 
tively necessary  that  persons  invited  to  in- 
vest in  mining  adventures  thousands  of 
miles  away  should  exercise  the  utmost 
caution,  and  neglect  no  means  available  to 
obtain  reliable  information.  Yet  to  regard 
all  foreign  undertakings  indiscriminately, 
and  without  enquiry,  as  hollow  and  delu- 
sive, is  a  mistake  few  investors  are  likely 
to  commit.  The  ever-increasing  spare 
capital  of  this  country  is  constantly  seek- 
ing investments  of  a  productive  nature, 
and  while  mining  offers  fairer  chances  of 
larger  profits,  it  is  only  natural  that  it 
should  claim  a  large  share  of  attention. 

Sewing  Machine.— Probably  no  one  in- 
vention has  come  into  so  general  use  as 
the  sewing  machine.  The  business  of  man- 
ufacturing and  selling  them  has  grown  up 
mainly  within  the  past  fifteen  years,  but 
during  the  last  ten  years  has  increased 
rapidly.  There  are  now  made  and  sold  an- 
nually in  the  United  States  about  750,000 
sewing  machines,  and  in  every  city,  town, 
village  and  hamlet  the  useful  machines  are 
more  or  less  in  use.  Some  of  the  largest 
manufactories  are  now  running  extra  hours 
to  keep  up  with  orders,  and  even  then  are 
frequently  unable  to  supply  the  demand. — 
Am.  Manufacturer. 


The  ship-building  trade  on  the  Clyde, 
near  Glasgow,  Scotland,  during  1871,  has 
been  very  prosperous,  the  total  number  of 
vessels  launched  having  been  231,  with  an 
aggregate  measurement  of  196,200  tons. 
Among  the  above  mentioned  vessels  were 
six  war  steamers  of  10,900  tons;  and  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  screw  steamers 
of  158,000  tons.  The  sailing  vessels  were 
twenty-five  of  12,720  tons. 

A  BriiD  has  been  sent  to  Congress  setting 
apart  as  a  public  reservation  an  area  of 
about  forty  miles  square,  including  the 
Yellowstone  lake  and  canon,  and  the  fam- 
ous Geyser  Basin. 


March  16,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


163 


ECHANICAL     $?ROGRES& 


Contact  of  Belts  with  Pulleys. 

Until  a  comparatively  recent  date  the 
practice  has  been  general  of  putting  the 
rough  side  of  a  belt  to  the  pulley  and, 
the  suggestion  that  the  smooth  side  would 
give  more  capacity  for  transmitting  power 
has  been  received  as  an  innovation  of 
doubtful  utility.  Recent  experience  has 
shown  that,  aside  from  the  incidental  cir- 
cumstance that  the  belt  will  bo  less  liable 
to  crack  if  the  grain  side  is  appliod  to  the 
pulley—  the  strain  being  thus  thrown  upon 
the  outer  or  flesh  side,  which  has  the 
greater  elasticity — the  difference  in  the 
amount  of  available  tension  obtained  is  so 
great  as  to  be  very  distinctly  manifest 
when  the  two  methods  arc  compared  in  ac- 
tual trial. 

The  fact  has  also  been  deduced  that  a 
leather  belt,  with  the  dressed  side  to  the 
pulley  will  sustain  one-third  more  tension 
without  slipping  than  if  the  flesh  side  is 
applied.  If  the  belt  is  required  to  trans- 
mit the  utmost  amount  of  power  which  can 
bo  applied  without  causing  it  to  slip,  this 
difference  becomes  an  important  item;  and 
in  a  certain  degree  it  will  always  have  its 
effect  upon  tho  working  capacity  of  the 
machinery. 

There  has  long  prevailed  in  some  quar- 
ters an  impression  that  the  rough  side  of 
the  belt  will  tako  a  firmer  hold  upon  the 
pulley.  But  it  is  not  only  important  that 
the  belt  should  hold  snugly  to  the  pulley 
while  in  contact — it  is  equally  essential 
that  it  should  be  released  with  perfect  ease 
when  it  leaves  the  pulley — there  should  be 
no  impediment  to  the  passing  off  of  the 
belt.  This  difficulty  has  often  been  exem- 
plified in  attempts  to  improve  the  action 
of  the  belt  by  applying  adhesive  substances 
which  cause  it  to  stick  to  the  pulley.  The 
"  traction,"  it  is  true,  is  increased  by  this 
means,  bnt  the  sticking  of  the  belt  is  an 
obstacle  to  its  free  motion,  and  it  is  found 
to  have  less  effective  power  than  before. 

What  is  wanted  to  secure  the  best  re- 
sults in  the  use  of  belting  is  the  greatest 
possible  smoothness  both  of  pulley  and 
belt,  resulting  in  the  closest  attainable 
contact  between  their  surfaces;  and  to  this 
end  it  is  obviously  expedient  to  put  the 
dressed  sido  of  the  belt  to  the  pulley.  The 
effect  is  still  further  and  very  greatly  im- 
proved by  covering  the  pulley  with  leather, 
the  increase  of  the  resistance  to  slipping 
thus  obtained  being  stated  by  some  exper- 
imenters as  high  as  fifty  per  cent. 

It  is  said  that  a  belt  will  sometimes 
carry  so  much  air  with  it  when  in  very 
rapid  motion  that  it  actually  rides  the  air 
instead  of  the  pulley — in  other  words,  that 
a  continuous  current  or  belt  of  air  is 
drawn  in  and  interposes  itself  between  the 
pulley  and  the  band,  the  latter  losing  its 
contact  and  becoming  entirely  detached 
from  the  pulley.  This  is  advanced  as  the 
reason  why  a  belt  running  at  high  speed 
requires  greater  tension  to  prevent  it  from 
slipping  than  when  the  speed  is  less.  But 
the  air  theory  is  not  a  tenable  one,  except, 
perhaps,  in  a  very  limited  sense.  The 
cause  of  the  separation  and  slipping  of  the 
belt  on  the  pulley  is  nothing  else  than  the 
centrifugal  force  of  the  belt  which  tends, 
of  course,  to  throw  it  outward,  and  re- 
quires to  be  checked  by  a  corresponding 
degree  of  tension. — Condensed  from  Leff el's. 


German  Prizes  for  Improvements. — 
The  "  Verein  zur  Befoerderung  des  Gew- 
erbefleisses "  offers  several  prizes  for  a 
durable  plaster  on  brick  walls;  for  a 
method  to  determine  the  valuable  constit- 
uents in  aniline  oil;  for  an  opaque  red 
enamel  oh  gold,  silver,  and  copper;  for  a 
method  to  make  lenses  for  optical  purpo- 
ses without  grinding  or  polishing;  for  a 
treaties  on  the  composition  of  cements;  for 
treaties  on  the  manufacture,  formation, 
and  constitution  of  coralline  (aurine,  pro- 
nine,  rosolic  acid)  for  the  preparation  of  a 
soft  yellow  solder. — Dingier' s  Poly  Jour- 
nal. 


Steel-Headed  vs.  Steel  Kails. — The 
chief  engineer  of  the  Philadelphia  and 
Beading  railroad  condemns  the  use  of  the 
so-called  steel-headed  rail,  on  the  ground 
that  the  steel  head  i3  found  to  separate 
from  the  body — a  difficulty  not  yet  over- 
come by  a  peculiar  arrangement  of  the 
pile  in  rolling,  which  had  been  intended 
to  obviate  it.  Of  all  this  class  of  rails 
laid  on  the  main  track  of  this  railroad 
since  March,  1869,  over  25  per  cent,  have 
been  removed.  The  solid  steel  rails,  on 
the  contrary,  have  uniformly  proved  satis- 
factory, showing  but  little  wear,  after  a 
service  of  about  four  and  a  half  years. 


Hooping  Boiler  Flues. 

A  practice  was  introduced  iu  England 
some  ten  years  since,  under  the  sanction 
of  the  Manchester  Steam  Users'  Associa- 
tion for  the  application  of  encircling 
hoops  to  the  furnace  tubes  and  flues  of 
boilers  originally  made  without  such 
hoops.  The  object  is  either  to  admit  of 
their  working  pressure  being  increased, 
or  to  render  them  safe  at  the  one  to  which 
they  have  been  subjected. 

The  association  after  carefully  noting 
the  effect  and  utility  of  such  practice  for 
somo  year,  at  a  late  meeting  issued  a  cir- 
cular fully  confirming  their  utility,  and 
offering  some  suggestions  as  to  the  mode 
of  application,  etc.,  which  are  so  thor- 
oughly practiced  that  we  give  tho  sub- 
stance of  the  circular  as  follows: 
Mode  of  Application. 

The  greatest  caro  should  be  taken  in 
their  application.  The  hoops  should  not 
be  made  of  fiat,  but  of  angle  iron.  About 
3  in.  by  3  in.,  by  %  in.  is  recommended. 
They  should  be  made  in  halves  so  as  to  be 
passed  in  at  the  man-holes,  and  riveted  to 
the  tubes  or  flues  in  position. 

The  hoops  should  be  secured  to  the  flues 
by  rivets,  but  not  brought  into  direct  con- 
tact with  the  plates  of  the  flues.  A  space 
of  an  inch  should  be  left  between  the  hoop 
and  flue  for  the  free  circulation  of  water, 
else  the  plate  will  become  overheated  and 
crack  at  the  rivet  holes.  This  is  accomplish- 
ed by  inserting  between  the  hoop  and  flue 
a  short  piece  of  tube  or  ferrule,  through 
which  the  rivet  may  pass  loosely.  Blocks 
of  iron  with  holes  punched  in  them,  form- 
ing a  clumsy  washer,  have  sometimes  been 
used,  but  they  are  objectionable.  The  fer- 
rules are  best  made  of  these — sixteenth 
iron  cut  and  welded.  They  should  be 
placed  about  six  inches  apart,  and  nicely 
adjusted  so  as  to  give  a  solid  abutment  for 
the  riveting. 

The  use  of  these  ferrrules  or  washers  has 
sometimes  been  avoided  by  constructing 
the  hoops  of  two  pieces  of  angle  iron 
placed  back  to  back;  but  they  are 
not  found  to  work  well.  The  opposite 
halves  of  tho  hoop  should  be  care- 
fully welded  and  drawn  together 
and  connected  by  butt-strips,  riv- 
eted to  their  ends  on  the  backs;  much 
depends  on  the  hoops  being  made  one 
with  the  flue.  They  should  not  be  al- 
lowed to  touch  the  shell  of  the  boiler,  or 
the  flues  may  become  strained  and  leakage 
be  induced — as  the  furnace  tubes  rise  and 
fall  with  the  variations  of  the  temperature, 
and  thus  grind  against  the  sides  of  the 
boiler  or  one  another,  if  allowed  to  come 
in  contact.  Where  space  requires  it,  a 
portion  of  the  flange  of  the  angle  iron  may 
be  cut  off  to  prevent  contact.  It  is  recom- 
mended that  in  every  boiler  of  ordinary  di- 
mensions at  least  one  hoop  should  be 
placed  upon  the  flue  about  five  feet  from 
the  front,  to  guard  the  flue  against  strain 
from  the  action  of  the  fire.  If  two  are  used, 
the  second  should  be  placed  a  little  beyond 
the  middle  from  the  front.  With  increasing 
numbers  always  bear  in  mind  that  the 
amount  of  strain  decreases  as  you  approach 
the  rear  of  the  boiler. 

In  cleansing  out  the  boilers  the  annular 
spaces  between  the  hoops  and  flues  should 
always  be  carefully  attended  to. 

Conveying  Power  oveeTelegeaphPoles. 
The  large  establishment  of  James  Bich- 
mond,  at  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  the  well  known 
maker  of  grain  cleaners,  is  driven  by  water 
power  from  the  waste  of  the  Erie  canal. 
Mr.  B.  also  supplies  a  considerable 
amount  of  power  to  other  establishments, 
some  of  which  are  over  half  a  mile  from  his 
waterwheels.  Thishedoesbymeans  of  end- 
less wire  cables,  carried  on  telegraph  poles,  to 
neighboring  factories  and  mills.  A  very 
simple  arrangement  of  cogs  enables  any 
number  of  endles  wire  cables  to  run  to 
central  points  in  the  city,  and  thence  in  all 
directions.  In  this  way,  the  printing 
presses  of  the  Journal,  the  Times,  and  the 
Union  are  run  at  a  small  cost  per  annum. 
Mr.  Bichmond  also  furnishes  power  to  a 
whip  factory,  a  cabinet  shop,  a  glass  fac- 
tory, 2, 500  feet  away,  a  shirt  factory,  2,000 
feet  in  the  opposite  direction,  a  foundry, 
and  a  machine  shop.  He  has  some  valu- 
able patents  in  connection  with  this  dis- 
tribution of  power,  and  has  lately  fitted 
up  a  series  of  distributing  wires  at  Fulton, 
in  Oswego  county. 

The  Danes  Furnace. — Much  interest 
continues  to  be  felt  in  the  success  of  this 
invention  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 
The  Cleveland  people  are  very  much  ex- 
cited over  it;  and  if  the  reported  success 
is  maintained,  it  will  soon  do  away  with 
all  ordinary  puddling  furnaces  in  that  vi- 
cinity. It  bids  fair  to  rival  in  importance 
even  the  Bessemer  steel  process. 


^CIENTiFIC    ^OGRESS. 


Do  Plants  Derive  Their  Carbon  From 
the   Earth? 

This  is  a  question  of  as  much  practical 
value  to  the  agriculturist  as  of  scientific 
interest  to  the  student  of  Nature  ;  jnai 
Messrs.  Laws  &  Gilbert,  the  eminent 
agricultural  experimentalists  of  England 
have  quite  satisfactorily  solved  the  ques- 
tion in  the  negative.  They  have  discover- 
ed that,  taking  the  average  of  seventeen 
years,  the  gross  amount  of  produce  re- 
moved from  one  acre  of  continuously  un- 
manurcd  land,  in  the  case  of  wheat,  was 
2,484  II is. ,  and  that  when  from  this  gross 
produce  they  subtracted  the  amount  of 
water  it  contained,  and  of  ash  which  it 
yielded,  there  remained  1,903  lbs.  of  dry 
organic  matter;  and  when  they  came  to 
analyse  these  1,963  tbs.  of  dry  organic 
matter,  they  found  them  to  contain  88U 
lbs.  of  carbon.  And  this,  it  should  be 
bornein  mind,  is  the  average  produce  of 
seventeen  years'  continuous  growth  of 
wheat  on  land  to  which  nothing  whatever 
was  added. 

Now  to  a  similar  strip  of  land  the  same 
experimentalist  added  every  year  a  certain 
quanty  of  mineral  matter,  corresponding 
to  the  ashes  yielded  by  each  successive 
crop  removed  ;  and:  on  the  strip  so  treated, 
the  amount  of  gross  produce  was  found 
to  be  increased  from  2,434  lbs.  to  2,912  lbs. 
the  amount  of  dry  organic  matter  to  be 
increased  from  1,963  lbs.  to  2,347  lbs.,  and 
the  amouht  of  carbon  to  be  increased  from 
884  lbs.  to  1,052  lbs. 

To  another  slip  of  land  they  added  year 
by  year  exactly  the  same  quantity  of 
mineral  matter,  and  in  addition  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  ammonia  salts — the  am- 
monia salts  and  mineral  matter  being  alike 
absolutely  free  from  carbonaceous  organic 
matter.  And  in  the  case  of  this  strip, 
they  found  that  the  amount  of  gross  pro- 
duce was  increased  to  the  surprising  extent 
of  6,394  lbs.,  while  the  amount  of  dry 
organic  matter  was  increased  to  5,149  lbs., 
and  the  amount  of  carbon  to  2,308  ibs. 

These  results  are  fully  as  high — in  most 
cases,  indeed,  somewhat  higher — than  are 
results  obtained  on  a  fourth  strip  of  land, 
supplied  year  by  year  with  an  abundance 
of  farm-}  ard  manure,  containing  not  only 
the  mineral  matter,  and  ammonia  added  to 
the  third  strip,  but  rich  alBO  in  carbona- 
ceous organic  matter. 

Professor  Odling  saya  it  is  inconceiva- 
ble, then,  that  the  plant  should  acquire  its 
carbon  from  these  organic  matters  of  the 
soil,  seeing  that  the  amount  of  carbon  in 
the  crop  may  be  increased  twofold,  and  in 
some  cases  nearly  threefold,  by  adding  to 
the  soil  substances,  such  as  mineral  salts 
and  ammonia,  which  are  entirely  free 
from  organic  matter.  Is  is  inconceivable, 
too,  that  the  original  humus  in  the  soil 
could  furnish  the  carbon  contained  in  a 
succession  of  crops  for  seventeen  years 
consecutively. 

BrjPTPRE  op  Iron  Wire  bx  a  Blow. — As 
the  result  of  a  series  of  investigations  upon 
the  rupture  of  iron  wire  by  a  blow,  Mr. 
John  Hopkinson  comes  to  the  following 
conclusions: 

1.  That  if  any  physical  cause  increase 
the  tenacity  of  wire,  but  increase  the  prod- 
uct of  its  elasticity  and  linear  density  in  a 
more  than  duplicate  ratio,  it  will  render 
it  more  liable  to  break  under  a  blow. 

2.  That  the  fracture  of  a  wire  depends 
on  its  length,  its  support,  and  the  method 
of  applying  the  blow. 

3.  That  in  cases  such  as  surges  on  chains, 
etc. ,  the  effect  depends  more  on  the  velocity 
than  on  the  momentum  or  vis  viva  of  the 
surge. 


On  the  Melting  and  Regelation  of  Ice. 

Professor  Bottomley,  of  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity, describes  in  Nature,  some  curi- 
ous experiments  of  his  on  the  apparent 
plasticity  of  ice.  In  a  recent  lecture  to 
his  class,  he  placed  a  lump  of  ice  as  large 
as  an  apple  on  a  piece  of  wire  gauze,  and 
on  this  a  board,  weighted  with  12  pounds. 
Before  the  conclusion  of  the  lecture,  a 
considerable  quantity  of  ice  was  found  on 
the  lower  side  of  tho  gauze,  firmly  united  to 
that  above,  though  apparently  forced 
through  the  meshes,  in  a  room  at  15  I!, 
In  a  second  experiment  he  placed  a  block 
of  ice  on  two  parallel  boards  near  together, 
passed  a  loop  of  wire  over  the  ice  and 
hung  weights  on  the  ends.  Various  sizes 
of  wire  were  tried,  and  in  the  final  experi- 
ment, a  wire  0.1  inch  in  diameter  was  used, 
weighted  with  56  pounds.  It  passed  en- 
tirely through  tho  block  of  ice,  and  fell 
upon  the  floor;  but  this  block  of  ice, 
though  the  plane  of  passage  was  clearly 
marked,  was  not  divided,  nor  could  it  be 
split  in  this  plane  with  a  knife  and  chisel. 

This  remarkable  result  he  explains  to  be 
a  consequence  of  James  Thomson's  theory 
of  regelation,  as  follows:  The  stress  upon 
the  ice,  due  to  _the  pressure  of  the  wire, 
gives  it  a  tendency  to  melt  at  the  point  in 
contact  with  this  wire,  and  the  ice,  in  the 
form  of  water  intermixed  with  fragments 
and  new  crystals,  moves  so  as  to  relieve 
itself  of  pressure.  As  soon  as  any  portion 
of  the  mass  is  thus  relieved,  freezing  takes 
place  throughout  it,  because  its  tem- 
perature is  reduced  below  that  of  the 
freezing  point  of  water  at  ordinary  press- 
ures, by  melting  of  contiguous  parts. 
The  obvious  tendency  of  the  ice  under  the 
pressure  from  above  is  thus  by  a  series  of 
meltings  and  refreezings  to  allow  the  pas- 
sage of  the  wire  and  yet  remain  a  solid 
block. 


Sulphide  of  Bismuth. — Bismuth  in  the 
presence  of  or  in  combination  with  sul- 
phur, yields  a  beautiful  red  coating,  when 
passed  before  the  blowpipe  on  a  large  piece 
of  charcoal ,  up  the  addition  of  a  little  pul- 
verized iodide  of  potassium.  A  finely  pul- 
verized mixture  of  equal  parts  of  sulphur 
and  iodide  of  potassium  is  best  kept  for 
such  purpose  and  makes  an  excellent  test 
material  for  bismuth.  In  making  these 
investigations,  V.  Kobell  met  a  green  min- 
eral whioh  occurs  associated  with  joseite 
at  St.  Jose  di  Madureira,  Brazil,  and  which 
proved  to  be  bismuthite,  not  previously 
noticed  at  that  locality. 

Printing  on  Glass. — Type  made  of  an 
elastic  material  is  used,  and  printing  ink, 
with  which  is  mixed  fluoride  of  calcium. 
The  glass  thus  printed  on  is  then  heated, 
to  a  suitable  temperature  with  sulphuric 
acid,  and,  having  been  washed  with  water, 
it  exhibits  in  indelible  engraving  the  fig- 
ures of  the  type. 


Temperature  of  the  Sun. —  Various 
theories  have  been  adduced  to  determine 
the  temperature  of  the  sun.  Zollner  has 
recently  suggested  the  following: — "Start- 
ing from  the  fact  of  the  eruptive  nature  of 
a  certain  class  of  solar  protuberances, 
thinks  that  the  extraordinary  rapidity  with 
which  these  red  flames  shoot  forth  proves 
that  the  hydrogen  of  which  they  are 
mainly  composed  must  have  burst  out 
from  under  great  pressure;  and  if  so,  the 
hydrogen  must  have  been  confined  by  a 
zone  or  layer  of  liquid  from  which  it 
breaks  loose.  Assuming  the  existence  of 
such  a  layer  of  incandescent  liquid,  then 
applying  to  the  problem  the  principles 
and  methods  of  the  mechanical  theory  of 
gases,  he  arrives  at  the  conclusion  that 
the  difference  of  pressure  needed  to  pro- 
duce an  explosion  capable  of  projecting  a 
prominence  to  the  hight  not  unfrequently 
noticed,  is  4,070,000  atmospheres.  This 
enormous  pressure  is  attained  at  a  depth 
of  130  geographical  miles  under  the  sun's 
surface.  In  order  to  produce  this  gigantic 
pressure  the  difference  in  temperature  be- 
tween the  inclosed  hydrogen  and  that  ex- 
isting in  the  solar  atmosphere  amounts  to 
74,910°  C.  In  a  similar  way  Zollner  calcu- 
lates the  approximate  absolute  temperature 
of  the  sun's  atmosphere,  to  be  27,700°  C. 
— a  temperature  about  eight  times  as  high 
as  that  given  by  Bunsen  for  the  oxyhydro- 
gen  flame,  and  one  at  which  iron  must 
exist  in  a  permanently  gaseous  form." 

Manufacture  of  Brandy  from  Saw- 
dust.— Some  years  ago  Braconnat  discov- 
ered that  grape  sugar  could  be  obtained  by 
boiling  cellulose  with  dilute  acids,  but  Pro- 
fessor S.  Steuberg  was  the  first  to  introduce 
the  manafacture  of  brandy  on  a  practical 
scale  in  this  way.  In  February  last  C.  G. 
Zetterland,  of  Hulda,  made  several  experi- 
ments in  preparing  brandy  from  the  saw- 
dust of  fir  and  pine.  We  condense  his 
description  in  the  Arbeitgeber :  Nine  cwt. 
sawdust  (holding  considerable  water)  were 
boiled  with  0.6  cwt.  hydrochloric  acid  (sp. 
gr.  1.16)  and  30.7  cwt.  water.  After  8% 
hours  the  mass  held  3%  per  ct.  grape 
sugar  and  after  11  hours  4.38  per  ct.  A 
larger  percentage  than  the  latter  was  not 
obtainable.  The  acid  in  the  mass  was 
neutralized  with  lime,  the  mash  cooled  to 
a  temperature  of  30°,  and  the  yeast  from 
20  lbs.  malt  was  added.  The  fermentation 
was  finished  in  96  hours.  After  distilling 
there  were  obtained  about  15%  gals.  (Eng- 
lish) of  brandy  of  50  per  ct.  at  15°,  free  from 
any  smell  or  taste  of  turpentine  and  of 
good  flavor.  The  experimenter  thinks  it 
probable  that  the  manufacture  of  brandy 
can  be  carried  on  successfully  on  a  large 
scale  after  experiments  have  shown  the 
proper  method  of  the  details.  As  air- 
dried  saw  dust  contains  about  80  to  85  per 
ct.  cellulose,  if  it  were  possible  to  trans- 
form all  this  cullulose  into  grape  sugar, 
each  cwt.  of  air-dried  sawdust  would 
yield  at  least  7  gals,  of  50  per  ct.  brandy. 


164 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


[March  16,  1872. 


ining  Summary. 


The  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  iuterior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Globe. — Monitor  Miner,  March  2:  Dur- 
ing Feb.  a  little  over  60  ft  of  main  tunnel 
was  made  by  3  men.  An  assay  of  the  gray 
copper  ore  from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
gave  33  8-10  per  cent,  copper  and  $1.25  sil- 
ver per  ton. 

White's  furnace  at  the  Tarshish  mill  is 
nearly  ready   for  work.     The  mill  will  be 
ready  to  get  up  steam  next  week. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Specimen. — Amador  Ledger,  March  9:  A 
piece  of  quartz  rock  from  the  shaft  of  the 
State  of  Maine  mine,  left  at  our  office  a  few 
days  ago,  literally  sparkles  with  fine  gold, 
and  is  well  charged  with  sulphurets. 

Gold  Brick. — We  have  been  shown  a 
gold  brick  weighing  389  ozs. ,  the  proceeds 
of  16  days  run  on  rock  from  Kennedy  mine 
in  a  20-stamp  mill.  As  work  progresses 
the  rock  in  the  mine  becomes  richer  in 
free  gold  and  sulphurets.  That  being 
taken  out  will  average  $25  per  ton  by  ordi- 
nary mill  process. 

Volcano.  —  Cor.  Amador  DispatcJi, 
March  9:  The  Markley  mine  pays  from  $80 
to  $100  per  ton. 

Another  lead  has  been  found  2  miles 
from  it,  known  as  the  Eodgers  Lead,  that 
bids  fair  to  be  equally  as  good.  At  present 
it  is  not  being  worked  on  account  of  the 
weather.  The  placer  mines  are  pay- 
ing well.  The  Eobinson  claim,  near  Fos- 
ter's, is  doing  "bully"  It  pays  from  $5  to 
$8  to  the  hand  per  day.  Still  higher  up, 
on  the  same  range,  have  been  found  dig- 
gings that  are  paying  well — among  them 
are  some  near  Tarr's  mill. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Foub-in-Hand — Chico  Review,  March  8: 
This  is  the  name  of  the  newly-discovered 
claim   and  district  located  25  miles  from 
Chico. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Calaveras  Hydraulic  M.  Co. — Calave- 
ras Chronicle,  March  9:  The  Co.  will  soon 
be  in  readiness  to  commence  operations  in 
their  mine  near  Worth's  Hill,  1.900  ft.  of 
iron  pipe  are  to  be  used  in  conducting  wa- 
ter for  hydraulic  purposes,  1,400  ft.  of 
which  are  completed. 

Hudson. —Three  shifts  of  men  are  em- 
ployed in  sinking  the  main  shaft,  which  is 
60  ft.  deep  showing  a  9  ft.  ledge.  A 
whim,  whim-house,  blacksmith  shop 
and  other  buildings  have  recently  been 
erected,  and  every  preparation  made  for 
working  the  mine  in  good  shape. 

Gwin. — The  mill  on  the  lower  Gwin 
mine — 36  stamps — is  kept  constantly  run- 
ning, the  ore  crushed,  however,  not  being 
fist-class.  The  shaft  in  the  upper  mine  is 
cleaned  out  down  to  the  water,  but  it  will 
be  some  time  yet  before  rock  can  be  taken 
out.  The  sinking  of  a  new  shaft  between 
the  two  mines  has  been  commenced. 

San  Andeeas. — Cor.  same:  Tha,  Scif- 
fard  ledge  is  8  ft.  in  width,  but  about 
2  ft.  on  the  hanging  wall  is  allowed 
to  remain.  They  are  sinking  a  shaft  on 
the  ledge. 

The  Garnet  mine  is  being  operated  and 
continues  to  "  give  out "  in  the  good  old 
way. 
EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Clabkevtlle. — Cor.  PlacervillerfJepttift- 
can,  March  1:  There  is  considerable  pros- 
pecting going  on,  and  we  have  2  hydrau- 
lio  Co's.  driving  away  near  Screech  Owl 
Ravine. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Commenced  Operations. — Inyo  Inde- 
pendent, March  2:  Jimmy  Sharpe  and 
Clastine  have  gone  to  work  on  the  Blue 
Bell  ledge,  in  the  Inyo  range,  opposite 
this  place,  to  take  out  ore  for  shipment. 
LOS  ANCELES  COUNTY. 

Shipment. — Los  Angeles  News,  March 
2:  The  Orizaba  will  take  to-day  the  larg- 
est shipment  of  bullion  that  has  ever  been 
made  from  this  place  to  S.  F.  It  consists 
of  over  3,000  bars. 

Mining.— The  Pah  TJte  Co.  in  Clark  dis. 
own  75  ledges  from  some  of  which  very 
rich  rock  is  being  taken,  the  ore  yielding 
as  high  as  $800  a  ton. 

San  Gabriel  River. — Mining  on  the 
San  Gabriel  river  is  progressing  favorably. 
The  Roberts-Matfield  Co.  have  completed 
their  first  cleaning  up,  with  a  satisfactory 
result.  The  San  Gabriel  Co.  have  let  out 
a  contract  for  the  completion  of  their 
ditch,  for  $10,000.  One  mile  of  the  ditch 
has  been  constructed,  and  there  remains  3 
yet  to  be  done. 
MARIPOSA  COUNTY. 

Hoenitos. — Mariposa  Gazette,  March  1: 


Rumor  has  it  that  Spanish  Tom  &  Co 
have  taken  out  $20,000  during  the  past 
week.  One  pocket  after  another  is  found, 
varying  from  $3,000  to  $8,000.  I  have 
heard  of  several  strikes  being  made  in  this 
vicinity  lately.  Men  and  boys  can  be  seen 
in  every  direction  with  pick  and  pan 
searching  for  the  hidden  treasure.  Jack 
Moseman  took  out  $400  from  a  pocket  in 
his  claim,  one  day  last  week,  and  has  more 
of  the  precious  metal  in  sight. 
NAPA  COUNTY. 

Quicksilver. — Vallejo  Chronicle,  March 
2:  TheWhitton  Co.,  on  the  divide  be- 
tween Santa  Rosa  and  Napa  valley,  have 
run  a  tunnel  into  the  mountain  about  250 
ft. ,  with  a  depth  from  the  surface  of  150 
or  200  ft  ,  and  have  a  body  of  ore  diffused 
through  the  rock  which  will  assay  from  25 
to  90  per  cent.  The  Oakville  Co.  is  lower 
down  on  the  mountain,  and  has  been  work- 
ing 40  or  50  men.  Geo.  Cornwell  &  Co. 
have  run  a  prospecting  tunnel  with  splen- 
did indications,  and  propose  to  run  a  main 
tunnel  300  ft.  below  the  summit. 
NEVADA    COUNTY. 

Sliqo  Quartz  Ledge. — Nevada  Trans- 
cript, March  9:  Lord  &  Co.  have  been 
at  work  a  short  time  taking  out  surface 
rock,  and  they  have  a  splendid  prospect. 

Buchanan  Mine. — The  mine,  above  this 
city,  is  turning  out  some  splendid  rock. 
There  is  a  streak  of  yellowish  quartz  run- 
ning through  the  ledge,  which  shows  free 
gold  in  large  quantities. 

Red  Jacket. — The  Red  Jacket  Co.,  near 
the  Anthony  House,  have  struck  some 
splendid  looking  gravel.  The  Co.  has  been 
engaged  in  running  a  tunnel  for  about  5 
years  and  during  tlie  entire  progress  the 
gravel  has  improved.  An  English  Co. 
nave  been  examining  it  and  it  is  thought 
they  will  purchase  the  ground. 

Redan  Mine. — Stiles  &  Co.  have  com- 
menced the  erection  of  a  quartz  mill  on 
Little  Greenhorn  creek,  for  crushing  rock 
from  the  Redan  mine.  The  rock  prospects 
well,  and  the  ledge  is  large  and  well  de- 
fined. 

Noeth  Star.  —  Grass  Valley  Union, 
March  8:  The  mine  has  shipped  for  the  4 
weeks,  ending  yesterday,  gold  to  the  value 
of  $19,000.  The  shipment  yesterday  was 
900  ozs. 
PLACER  COUNTY. 

Dutch  Flat. — Cor.  Auburn  Herald, 
March  9:  The  Dutch  Flat  Blue  Gravel  M. 
Co.  is  on  the  north  side  of  this  town.  Its 
claims  consist  of  20  acres.  Some  of  the 
surface  has  been  washed  away,  and  the 
present  Co.  is  trying  to  wash  the  blue 
gravel  to  the  bedrock.  The  ground  is 
pretty  hard. 

The  Self  Rising  Co.,  on  Grass  Hill,  had 
a  good  clean  up. 

The  Plug-Ugly  Co.  cleaned  up  about 
$500,  the  result  of  6  days'  work.  This  Co. 
is  washing  night  and  day. 

The  Backer  Co.  had  a  dividend  of  $1,000. 
The  ground  is  rich,  but  very  hard. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Quincy  National,  March  2:  The  Black 
Hawk  Co.  recently  cleaned  up  some  $1,200, 
the  result  of  2  months'  run  of  top  dirt. 

La  Porte. — Cor.  same:  The  contractors 
in  the  Bordwell  tunnel  are  going  ahead 
finely,  making  from  6  to  8  ft.  per  day. 

Meadow  Valley, — Cor.  Oroville  Record, 
March  9:  The  claim  of  Robert  Grace,  on 
Spanish  Creek,  at  Green  Flat,  is  being 
worked  advantageously,  with  a  full  set  of 
men.  Nelson  &  Hanson  are  progressing 
finely,  on  adjoining  ground.  At  Red  Hill, 
Folsom  &  Messer  are  preparing  for  a  spring 
gang.  Morris  Smith,  on  Badger  Hill,  is 
working  with  good  success.  Andrews 
&  Kennedy  have  almost  completed  their  ex- 
sive  tunnel  at  Devil's  Elbow. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — San  Diego  Union,  Feb.  29: 
The  shipment  of  bullion  to  S.  F.  yester- 
day amounted  to  $3,750 — all  from  the  San 
Diego  mines. 

San  Diego  Mines. — Affairs  are  in  a  very 
encouraging  condition.  All  the  mills  are 
busy  at  work  and  the  development  of  the 
different  mines  is  going  on  vigorously. 
The  Redman  Mill  has  just  cleaned  up  af- 
ter running  upon  a  lot  of  ore  from  the 
Golden  Chariot  lead  which  yielded  hand- 
somely. It  is  now  engaged  upon  rock 
from  the  Ready  Relief.  The  mills  of  De 
Frees  &  Co.,  and  Gunn,  Reynolds  &  Co., 
are  both  crushing  rock  from  the  Owens 
lead.  The  Stonewall  Jackson  and  Ante- 
lope Mills  are  both  running  upon  ore  from 
their  own  leads.  The  new  mill  of  Wilson 
&  Co.  started  up  a  few  days  since  and  is 
busy  crushing  ore  from  the  Helvetia. 

SIERRA  COUNTY. 

Kanaka. — Mountain  Messenger,  March 
2:  Otto  Rey  &  Co.  are  working  the  Kanaka. 
They  are  putting  up  chlorination  works. 
TRINITY  COUNTY. 

Lewiston. — Cor.  Trinity  Journal,  March 


2:  Bolt's  Hill  is  fast  going  away.  Olney 
Phillip's  claim  is  fast  losing  its  breadth  of 
ground.  There  are  several  men  employed 
in  it.  Mat  Trask  and  Squire  Ross  have 
washed  off  the  side  of  one  large  mountain, 
and  in  doing  so  struck  a  channel  which 
prospects  finely.  All  the  rest  of  the  miners 
are  doing  well. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Cope. — Elko  Independent,  March  9:  The 
bullion  shipment  for  Feb.  was  $22,041.  A 
prosperous  season  is  anticipated. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Antelope  Dist.— Eureka  Sentinel,  March 
5:  The  mines  are  looking  well  and  the 
prospects  are  excellent  for  an  important 
camp  at  an  early  day.  Donald  McMurchy, 
in  company  with  the  two  Mclntyre  boys, 
have  a  fine  mine  with  50  or  60  tons  of  ore 
on  the  dump,  which  will  probably  mill 
$60  per  ton. 

Phoenix  Co. — This  Co.  have  shut  down 
their  furnaces  for  the  purpose  of  making 
many  needed  improvements.  The  Red- 
mond Co.  have  also  shut  down  for  repairs. 

Shipped. — Supt.  Mowry,  of  the  Lemon 
Mill,  informs  us  that  one  of  the  ^furnaces 
of  the  White  pattern  has  been  shipped 
from  S.  F.,  and  will  arrive  here  within  2 
weeks  from  now. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Ely  Record^,  March  3:  W. 
F.  &  Co.  shipped  since  the  29th  ult., 
bullion  valued  at  $84,425.05. 

Red  Cloud. — The  shaft  is  down  75  ft. 
At  about  60  ft.  down  a  small  strata  of  very 
rich  yellow  cloride  ore  was  struck,  which 
has  continued  down  |to  the  present  depth, 
showing  that  the  real  ledge  has  been 
struck.  The  rich  streak  of  pay  ore  is  about 
1  ft.  wide. 

Vulture.— The  shaft  is  12  ft.  deep.  The 
ledge  is  nearly  perpendicular  with  a  slight 
pitch  to  the  north,  and  the  walls  of  solid 
quartzite.  The  ore  in  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft  is  fully  5  ft.  wide. 

Pioche. — At  the  400-ft.  level  good  ore 
has  been  struck. 

Ward  Beecher. — The  incline  is  down 
185  ft.  and  the  ledge  is  beginning  to  show 
signs  of  improvement. 

Bowery  Mill. — Gen.  Page  is  rushing 
work  on  the  mill  with  a  full  force  of  men, 
and  by  the  10th  of  March  it  will  be  started 
on  ore  from  the"Bowery  mine.  The  mine 
is  looking  well,  a  fine  body  of  ore  has  been 
struck  in  the  east  drift,  and  the  ledge 
shows  well  in  the  same  shaft.  At  the 
depth  of  100  ft.  the  shaft  cut  a  rich  body  of 
ore. 

Peavine. — Mr.  Cavallier  has  started 
men  to  work  sinking  the  shaft  deeper,  and 
also  to  grade  off  a  placo  for  a  shaft  house. 
The  ore  on  the  dump  is  beautiful  and  rich, 
the  ledge  shows  in  the  shaft  from  the  sur- 
face down,  the  walls  are  perfect. 

Page  and  Panaca. — There  is  a  full  force 
engaged  in  timbering  the  works.  The  ma- 
chinery is  all  ready  to  put  up,  and  the 
hoisting  works  will  be  ready  as  soon  as  the 
timbering  is  completed. 

Hahn  &  Hunt. — The  mine  is  looking 
very  well,  and  the  character  and  extent  of 
the  ore  is  improving. 

Raymond  and  Ely  is  as  good  as  ever, 
and  the  ore  continues  everwhere.  The 
ledge  is  extensive,  solid,  and  rich  in  free 
milling  ore. 

Ingomar. — The  hoisting  works  are  nearly 
completed,  and  the  whistle  will  blow  at 
noon  to-day.     Ledge  looking  well. 

Havana. — At  40  ft.  the  ledge  is  growing 
softer,  and  wider.  All  the  indications  are 
good. 

Alps  continues  to  improve.  The  east 
and  west  drifts  are  still  in  good  ore,  and 
everything  looks  well. 

Meadow  Valley. — A  fine  body  of  ore 
has  been  struck  in  No.  3.  From  the  17th  to 
the  19th  ult. ,  their  shipments  aggregated 
$55,343. 

Chief  Dist. — This  Dist.  is  some  20 
miles  south  of  Pioche.  Samples  of  very 
fine  ore  have  been  shown  to  us  from  some 
of  the  mines  just  opened  there.  Parties 
interested  speak  very  highly  of  the  pros- 
pects of  the  Dist. 

HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silvei-  State,  March 
9:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona  mine, 
since  our  last  issue,  was  $5,986. 

Saceamento  Dist. — Encouraging  re- 
ports reach  us.  The  Silver  Queen  ledge 
promises  to  be  a  valuable  mine.  At  a 
depth  of  120  ft. ,  ore  of  the  richest  quality 
is  developed.     The  ledge  is  14  inches  wide. 

Pioneer  and  Insktp  Co. — The  Co.  con- 
template the  erection  of  a  chlorination  fur- 
nace of  the  Stetefeldt  pattern,  near  the 
Pioneer  mill  this  spring. 

TJtica  Mill,  at  the  outlet  of  Humboldt 
Lake,  will  start  up  shortly  on  ore  from 
the  Almaden  mine,  Desert  Dist. 

Galena. — Cor.  same:   The   Battle  Mt. 


mine  is  within  %  mile  of  Galena.  A  tun- 
nel has  been  run  about  200  ft.  and  the 
ledge  tapped  100  ft.  below  the  surface. 
There  is  a  large  body  of  mineral  in  sight. 
The  Trenton  mine,  7  miles  west  of  here, 
has  been  bonded  to  an  English  Co.  for 
$100,000.' 

REESE  RIVER. 

Bullion. — Reese  River  Reveille,  March 
7:  W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  from  this  city 
during  Feb.,  57  bars,  4,408  lbs,  valued  at 
$39,288.40.  All  from  the  Stetefeldt  mill 
of  Belmont,  Ellsworth  mill  of  Mammoth, 
and  the  Metcom  mill  of  this  dist. 

Rich. — A    specimen    from    the   "Lida 
Belle  "  ledge   at  Lida  valley,   brought   in 
assayed    $12,592.24,  rand    one    from    the 
Brown  Henry  assayed  $12,661.37. 
WASHOE. 

Chollar-Potosi. — Virginia  Enterprise, 
March  7:  The  Co.  are  again  taking  out 
ore.  They  are  extracting  100  tons  per  day 
from  the  Piute  and  Blue  Wing  stations. 
A  large  amount  of  prospecting  is  being 
done  in  the  mine,  chiefly  at  the  first  and 
second  stations  of  the  new  shaft  and  in  the 
South  Belvidere  and  Piute  sections. 

Silver  Bars. — We  yesterday  observed 
on  the  counter  of  the  Bank  of  Cal.  silver 
bars  to  the  value  of  $37,000  from  the 
Crown  Point,  Belcher  and  Savage  mines. 

Arizona. — The  Arizona  Co.,  American 
Flat,  have  opened  out  their  old  tunnel 
and  are  working  upward  from  it  to  pros- 
pect their  ground. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — The  tunnel  was  yester- 
day in  2,764  ft.;  the  ground  is  hard  and  no 
water  is  coming  in  at  the  face. 

Savage. — The  ore  body  recently  devel- 
oped at  the  lowest  level,  although  not  of  a 
high  grade,  is  reported  to  be  over  30  ft. 
wide. 

The  Sierra  Nevada  mine  is  looking  well, 
but  as  yet,  outsiders  are  not  allowed  to 
examine  the  new  development. 

Auburn  Mills. — Reno  Journal,  March 
9:  The  Auburn  mills  are  running  to 
their  full  capacity  on  rock  from  the  Co's. 
mine  at  Rye  Patch.  Their  ore  yields 
well  and  the  mine  looks  better  than  ever 
before. 

WHITE  PINE. 

Bullion. — White  Pine  News,  March  9: 
W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  to-day,  to  London, 
for  Eberhardt  &  Aurora  M.  Co.  2  bars, 
166  lbs.,  valued  at  $3,113.54. 

St.  George— Situated  400  ft.  south  of 
the  main  Eberhardt  shaft,  is  taking  out 
from  20  to  25  tons  of  average-grade  ore 
per  day,  and  working  12  men. 

Young  Chief. — An  increased  force  has 
been  placed  in  the  southwest  chamber. 
Taking  out  5  tons  per  day  of  medium- 
grade  ore.  Mine  looking  well,  and  masses 
of  ore  in  sight. 

Frozen  Zone. — A  new  location  shows  a 
mass  of  high-grade  ore  a  number  of  tons 
of  which  will  be  tested  this  week. 

Silver  Plate. — Looking  well  and  wide- 
ning. Working  24  men.  Seventy  tons  of 
ore  worked  from  this  mine  yielded  $75  to 
the  ton. 

The  "Truckee,"  "Caspian,"  and  "Mam- 
moth" are  working  with  uniform  results. 
An  average  of  5  tons  per  day  are  extracted 
from  each  of  these  locations.  Working  4 
men  each. 

Gen.  Lee. — Drift  from  the  main  ore 
chamber  is  in  20  ft.  on  the  spar  seam,  and 
opened  in  a  large  body  of  ore,  varying  in 
assay  value  from  $50  to  $500  per  ton. 
Drift  will  be  followed  to  prove  the  extent 
of  this  extensive  ore  bed  recently  found. 

East  Sheboygan. — Same  number  of  men 
employed,  principally  prospecting.  Indi- 
cations are  favorable  of  meeting  the  ledge 
of  ore  running  at  right  angles  from  the 
original  tunnel. 

North  Aurora. — The  body  of  ore  has 
improved  since  last  week. 

San  Juan  del  Rio. — The  mine  is  im- 
proving as  depth  is  gained. 

Silver  Wave. — Perkins  shaft  down  105 
feet. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining. — Prescott  Union, 
Feb.  24:  They  have  "struck  it"  richer 
than  ever  in  the  Tiger.  It  is  now  open  to 
a  depth  of  180  ft. ,  by  shafts,  besides  by 
cuts  and  tunnels.  The  ore  will  be  shipped 
to  S.  F.  and  perhaps  to  Europe,  for  treat- 
ment. 

Beautiful  coils  and   threads  of    native   ' 
silver,   heavy  black   sulphurets  and   ruby 
ore  constitute   the  product  of   the  mine. 
The  drift  is  in  one  lode  160  ft. ;  shaft  down 
about  122  ft. 

The  Lorenna,  'Benton,  and  other  lodes 
near  the  Tiger  are  not  far  behind  it  in 
richness. 

In  Pine  Grove  Dist.,  the  Del  Pasco  is 
yielding  plenty  of  rich  free  gold  rock.  T 
W.  Brooks  started  over  a  day  or  two  ago, 
with  5  or  6  men,  to  work  at  mine  and  mill. 


March  16,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


165 


On  Lynx  creek,  there  are  between  50 
and  60  plaeer  miners. 

Parties  of  men  are  at  work  in  Black 
Canon  creek,  witb  results  as  yet  unknown 
to  us.  In  Walnut  Grove  Dist.,  J.  White 
and  others  are  erecting  a  furnace  and 
taking  out  ore.  In  WickcuburgDiat.,  the 
Vulture  mill  is  pounding  away. 

Tim  Vui/rUBB. — The  manager  reports  as 
follows:  "Wo  are  working  a  length  of 
grouud  about  800  ft.  and  have  sunk  320  ft. 
In  this  length  of  about  300  ft.  and  to  a 
depth  of  250  ft.,  tho  mine  his  been  well 
opened  and  in  this  area,  are  millions  of  tons 
of  ore. 

Wai.l.U'i  Dist. — Cor.  same.  Tho  Lone 
Star  Co.  has  been  furnishing  rock  for  2 
Weeks.  Last  Sunday  I  was  shown  a  quan- 
tity oi  bulliou  amounting  to  over  $2,000, 
the  result  of  a  50-hour  ruu  of  Hardy  and 
Meailiinan's  5-stamp  mill,  upon  Lone  Star 
or.'.  A  drift  is  being  ruu  from  the  bottom 
of  tho  shaft,  easterly,  and  the  ore  taken 
out  is  richor  than  heretofore.  Mr.  Hardy 
loft  here  yesterday  with  the  intention  of 
making  arrangements  for  tho  erection  of 
smelting  furnaces. 

Considerable  interest  was  awakened  here 
by  a  rich  strike  In  the  Keystone.  Yester- 
day as  tho  prospect  was  gloomiest,  one  of 
the  workmen  came  down  street,  hunting 
tho  owners,  and  exhibiting  specimens  of 
ruby  and  horn  silver,  which  they  had 
struck  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  The 
value  of  tho  rock  was  §4,838  per  ton.  A 
vein  of  this  ore,  about  7  inches  in  thickness 
and  running  along  the  hanging  wall  was 
soon  discovered.  It  widens  out  gradually 
as  it  goes  down.  The  Keystone  shows 
very  fine  carbonate  ore  on  surface,  and  in 
the  shaft  exhibits  sulphurets. 

The  rock  being  taken  from  the  Fairfield 
looks  better  than  usual. 

The  Alama  is  a  new  ledge,  just  opened. 
It  is  free  carbonate  ore,  and  assays  a  little 
over  S100  per  ton. 

The  preparations  for  Mr.  Coover's  fur- 
naces, at  Chloride  Flat,  have  been  com- 
menced, and  work  is  being  pushed  right 
along. 

PiNii  MotrxTArNS  — San  Diego  Union, 
Feb.  29:  A  gentleman  just  arrived,  brings 
specimens  of  silver  which  he  intends  to 
have  assayed  in  S.  F.  The  discovery  of 
this  ore  caused  considerable  exoitement 
some  3  months  since.  The  discoverers  of 
the  Silver  Queen,  have  been  working 
Bteadily  on  their  claim  ever  since. 

Change. — A  change  will  shortly  take 
place  in  the  proprietorship  of  the  Vulture 
mine,  by  which  it  will  pass  into  the  hands 
of  an  English  Co.  Preparations  are  being 
made  to  lay  a  railroad  track  to  the  mill. 

Colorado. 

Items. — Colorado  Miner,  Feb.  29:  C. 
H.  Utter  is  shipping  on  account  of  own- 
ers, large  quantities  of  smelting  ore  to 
Black  Hawk.  Baily  &  Nott  shipped  du- 
ring Feb. ,  80  tons  on  account  of  owners, 
of  more  than  ordinary  rich  smelting  ore. 
Campbell  &  Clark  during  Feb.  have  ship- 
ped on  account  of  owners,  40  tons  of  very 
rich  smelting  ore.  Since  our  last  report 
Palmer  &  Nichols  have  shipped  2  silver 
bars,  valued  at  $2,684.48.  A  good  body 
of  ore  has  been  struck  in  the  Cashier,  east 
from  the  discovery. 

Our  Mines. — Caribou  Post,  Maroh  2: 
In  the  Caribou  mine  there  is  a  steady  im- 
provement, the  vein  having  widened  to 
over  6  ft. 

The  Caribou  mill,  is  running  steadily 
and  successfully. 

The  Potosi  is  producing  a  good  article 
of  silver  ore  in  considerable  quantities. 

The  Trojan  has  been  in  operation  during 
the  winter,  and  furnished  the  stamp-mill 
of  Hetzer  &  Hines  with  plenty  of  ore. 
The  Boulder  Co.,  Mt.  Vernon,  Wabash, 
and  several  other  lodes,  are  being  worked 
with  more  or  less  activity. 

Leavitt. — Central  Register,  Feb.  28: 
Tho  product  of  the  stamp  mill  ore  from 
the  claim  on  the  Leavitt  lode,  leased  from 
Bela  S.  Buell  by  Mr.  Mellor,  for  the  first 
fifteen  days  of  this  month,  -was  740  ozs.  of 
gold,  worth  about  $18  per  oz. ,  aggregating 
813,320.  There  is  little  doubt  that  the 
lessee  will  raise,  during  the  last  2  months 
of  this  lease,  stamp  mill  ore  to  the  value 
of  $50,000. 

A  good  report  comes  from  the  Victor 
lode  in  Idaho  Dist.  on  the  divide  between 
Virgina  Canon  and  Gilson  Gulch.  Eight 
tons  of  ore  have  been  hauled  to  the  B.  and 
'  C.  smelting  works,  which  assayed  119  ozs. 
of  silver  per  ton. 

The  purchasers  of  the  Stalker  &  Stand- 
ley  property,  on  the  California  lode,  in 
Nevada,  are  raising  some  very  fine  ore. 
Work  on  the  Bobtail  tunnel  is  being  ener- 
getically advanced.  Work  is  to  be  re- 
sumed immediately  upon  the  Cons.  Greg- 
ory, the  Bobtail  and  Fisk  properties, 
■which  have   been  non-productive   for    a 


year  past,  owing  to  water  in  the  shafts. 

Idaho. 

Patette  Mines. — Idaho  Statesman,  Mar. 
i:  B.  S.  Warriner  is  mining  in  the  hills 
south  of  the  Payette  river,  about  6  miles 
below  Horseshoe  Bend.  He  came  over 
here  the  other  day  with  his  first  clean-up 
for  the  season,  62  82-100  ounces  gold  dust 
with  819.37  per  ounce. 

Golden  Chariot.  —  Silver  City  Art- 
lanclte,  March  2:  Supt.  Pheby  has  com- 
menced sinking  a  winze  in  tho  8th  level, 
opposite  the  shaft,  where  he  finds  a  fine 
looking  vein  of  ore.  The  Owyhee  mill 
has  been  shut  down  this  week,  but  will 
start  up  again  in  a  day  or  two.  Fine  look- 
ing ore  continues  to  come  from  Knott's 
mine  on  Florida  Mt.,  and  is  being  worked 
at  the  Cosmos  mill. 

Lower  California. 

San  Rafael. — San  Diego  Union,  Feb. 
18:  Since,  the  erection  of  McKeau's  quartz 
mill  about  1,500  tons  of  low  grade  ore  have 
been  crushed.  This  ore  averaged  about  813 
per  ton. 

Montana. 

Ten-Mile  Lodes. — Helena  Gazette,  Feb. 
26:  Among  the  argentiferous  galena 
lodes  on  Ten  Mile,  is  the  Mitchagomma, 
near  the  mouth  of  Beaver  Creek.  The 
vein  is  well  defined,  about  7  ft.  wide,  and 
filled  with  mineral  in  veins  and  masses, 
mixed  with  a  white  earthy  matter.  Five 
tons  per  day  can  easily  be  taken  out  of  the 
upper  tunnel,  and  it  is  expected  that  this 
can  be  increased  to  10  tons  as  soon  as  the 
lower  tunnel  taps  the  vein.  Below  the 
Mitchagomma,  Symes  &  Corbin  are  work- 
ing the  Corbin  lode,  while  about  1,000  ft. 
up  the  creek,  the  famous  Lee  Mt.  lode  is 
situated.  About  6  miles  still  further  up, 
the  Travis  Boys  are  working  a  very  rich 
argentiferous  galena  lode. 

Reduction  Works.  —  One  furnace  is 
running  and  producing  base  bullion  at  a 
rate  of  something  over  100  pounds  an 
hour.  Preparations  are  being  made  to 
put  a  second  furnace  in  blast. 

Argenta. — Bohm's  Reduction  Works 
are  running  and  smelting  with  excellent 
results.  There  a  number  of  persons  en- 
gaged in  taking  out  ore  here  at  present. 
Harry  Griffith  recently  discovered  a  3  ft. 
vein  of  carbonate  of  lead.  Longbridge 
&  Barber  have  struck  a  good  body  of  ore 
on  the  Queen  ledge.  Bray  &  Wing  are 
preparing  to  take  out  ore  from  the  Legal 
Tender  lode.  C.  Fletcher  &  Co.  are  roll- 
ing ore  from  the  "Dictator."  The  "  Fer- 
dinand," Bohm  &  Co.'s  lode,  looks  well. 
The  recent  news  with  regard  to  the  mines 
from  Bannack,  Blue  wing,  and  Vipond's, 
is  very  gratifying. 

Beaverhead  Co. — Cor.  same:  The  smelt- 
ing works  here  (argenta)  run  steadily  and 
smoothly.  There  are  a  few  men  engaged 
on  the  lodes,  about  Argenta,  and  a  good 
many  in  the  Blue  Wing  dist.  and  most  of 
them  are  doing  well.  The  Huron  shows  a 
fine  vein  of  very  rich  ore.  There  will  be 
at  least  1,000  tons  of  rich  ore  on  the  dumps 
in  Blue  Wing  dist.  by  Spring. 

Utah. 

Bullion.— S.  L.  Tribune,  March  8:  W. 
F.  &  Co.  received  from  the  28th  ult.  to  the 
8th  inst.,  from  the  Meadow  Valley  works 
41  bars,  valued  at  $53,817.18,  and  from 
Raymond  &  Ely  36  bars,  valued  at  $59,- 
682. 15. 

Shipments. — The  Emma  mine  Co.  has 
shipped  34  car  loads  of  ore  witliin  the  last 
week  for  Liverpool.  They  still  have  on 
hand  ready  for  the  cars  1,000  tons  in  sacks. 
About  30  tons  being  raised  daily. 

East  Canon. — G.  M.  Gerrish  has  charge 
of  the  Old  Ophir  Smelting  Works,  and 
has  already  made  a  successful  run.  The 
furnace  will  start  again  in  a  few  days, 
when  it  is  expected  to  run  right  along. 

The  Pioneer  mill  will  start  to-day.  A 
Mr.  Fawcett  is  preparing  to  start— by  wa- 
ter— a  5  stamp  mill  and  2  furnaces  for  an 
Eastern  Co.  The  English  Co.  have  a  fur- 
nace about  ready  to  run.  Mr.  Aikin's  fur- 
nace is  completed  and  thoroughly  dried, 
awaiting  the  pulp  from  the  batteries. 

The  Jupiter  is  on  Chloride  Hill,  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  from  town.  The  arastra 
has  been  reducing  about  %  a  ton  per 
day  but  it  has  fhe  capacity  of  reducing  5 
tons. 

The  Peck  arastra  made  a  start  this  morn- 
ing. Messrs.  Thompson  and  Blair  are 
building  one  about  2  miles  above  town.  It 
is  antieipatad  that  all  the  reduction  works 
will  start  up  very  soon,  including  all  the 
smelters. 

Emma. — A  shaft  has  been  sunk  70  ft.  be- 
low all  levels,  and  the  same  body  or  vein 
of  ore  continues  with  a  moderate  increase 
in  value.  It  is  estimated  that  there  is  ore 
enough  in  sight  to  pay  18  per  cent,  on  the 
value  of  the  mine  ($5,000,000. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board. 

San  Fiuxcisco,  March  14,  1872. 

Stocks  have  been  active  during  the  week,  and 
prices  have  been  generally  firm  for  most  kinds. 
The  North  Star  mine  shipped  during  the 
mouth  to  this  city  $17,500.  The  sales  at  the 
Board  for  the  week  ending  on  tho  Cth  inst., 
amounted  to  $3,8G7,G0O.  Tho  last  weekly  re- 
port of  the  Chollar-Potosi  shows  700  tons,  of 
ore  extracted,  assaying  $42,37  per  ton.  The 
Bpecial  meeting  of  the  Halo  &  Norcross  Co.. 
on  tho  18th  of  April,  is  to  take  into  considera- 
tion the  subject  of  increasing  the  capital  stock 
from  $1,000,000  to  $3,200,000,  making  10,000 
instead  of  8,000  shares  as  at  present. 

The  Slock  Report  of  Tuesday,  says  that  the 
last  weekly  report  ofc  tho  Crown  Point  mine 
shows  1,700  tons  of  ore  oxtraeted,  valued  at 
$76,635;  Hale  &Norcross,l,000  tons  ore;  Savage, 
1,200  tons  ore,  assaying  $32.05  per  ton;  on  the 
9th,  $32,000  wore  sent  from  Raymond  and  Ely 
from  Meadow  Valley  mine,  $26,600,  received 
on  March  account;  ore  shipments  increasing 
at  the  Belcher. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Hale  &  Nor- 
cross Co.,  held  on  the  13th  inst.,  the  following 
Trustees  were  re-elected:  J.  C.  Flood  (Pres.) ; 
W.  S.  Obrien,  C.  O'Connor,  J.  W.  Mackay, 
John  Harrold,  W.  O.  Hoff,  and  JaB.  French, 
J.  F.  Lightner  is  still  Secretary,  and  J.  G. 
Fair,  Supt.  The  Secretary's  report  gives  the 
total  receipts  at  $1,118,328  of  which  $862,702 
was  from  bullion.  The  disbursements  were 
$1,181,328,  of  which  $80,000  were  paid  to 
stockholders  as  dividends. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Feb.  7.     Biuhut,  LowtM.  March  14.  Mo.  Dk. 

Alpha $31  37  31  38  7         - 

Amador — 

Belcher 695 

Buckeye — 

Ohollar-PotOBi..  58 

Caledonia  18 

Con*.  Virginia...  34 

Orown  Point 7'A> 

Daney 3!4 

Eureka  Cons....  26 

rureka 16 

Exchequer — 

Gould  &  Curry.  .185 
Golden  Chariot. .  1W 
Hale  &  Norcroas  -2524s 

Imperial 92'3 

Ida  Elmore 14 

Kentuck — 

Mammoth.., — 

Meadow  VaUey..  20M 

Mahogany 16 

Ophir 53 

Orig.  Hid.  Treaa.    8!4 

Overman 51 

Pioche 14 

Raymond  &  Ely.l37S 

Savage  21724 

Sierra  Nevada...  -7:3 

Huccor  5^ 

Wash.  A  Creole..    6 
Yellow  Jacket. ..  72 

St.  Patrick 20H 

See.  Beloher. ..     " 


3« 

29 

KX 

16 
205 

2014 
285 

UV4 

15 
262J4 


137.^ 


■an 


55  'A 

injj 

32 
705 
2<4 
24;j 
16 


13!. 
258 
90 


\l% 


49 
13 
130 


.$< 


290 
117« 


2314         1% 


8     M 


5£        -  - 


553*       58 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


BID,  ASKED. 

Alpha  Cons 35  36 

Amador —  — 

Belcher —  — 

Ohollar-Potosi.      63^       64 
Crown  Point....    7B0         800 


27 


Eureka 

Golden  Ohariot.  — 

Gould  A,  Curry.  202.!* 

Hale  &  NorcrosB  280 


27^ 


BID.  ASKED 

Ida  Elmore — 

Imperial 140  II 

Kentuck 225           21 

Meadow  Valley..  23         23 

Ophir 65             i 

Orig.  Hid.  Treaa  — 

Overman 50 


.  230 


Raymond  A  Ely.  131 1£ 
Sierra  Nevada...  29^fi 
'Yellow  Jaoket...     — 


2,11 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  A  Co..  117  and  119  Oal.  street.  1 

PRICES  FOB   INVOICES 

Jobbing  prices  rule/rOm  ten  tofi/Uen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
followino,  quotations. 

Thubsday,  March  14, 1872 

I IH  IN. — 

Scotch  and  English  Pig  Iron,  "$  ton $55  00    @  60  00 

White  Pip,  ^  ton 45  00    ® 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  $  lb —  05    @  —  05)£ 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  "$  St —  05>£@  —  06 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4  —  05    @ 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  07.^@  —  08 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  05^@ 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —06    @ 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —06   @ 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc     ■>     @  6 

Ooppeb.— 

Sheathing,  13  lb —  24    @  —  26 

Sheathing,  Yellow'*" —  24    C 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11    | 

Composition  Nails — 24 

Composition  Bolts —  24 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  "#  box 12  00 

Plates,  10  Charcoal  10  00 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

BancaTin,  Slabs,  fi  lb 

Steel.— English  Cast,  ^  H> —  16 

Drill 16 

FlatBar 17 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  { for  mould. hoards) I  'J  '4 

Quicksilver—  "$  lb 

LEAD.-Pig,  #  ft —  05tf 

Sheet —  08 

Pipe —    9 

Bar 08 

Zrac-Sheets,  f  lb —  10 

Bobax.— Refined —  25 

Borax,  crude : —   5 


)-H^ 


10  50 


—  06!^ 

—  %% 

—  10 


Iron  Ships. — A  large  iron  ship-building 
yard  lias  been  fitted  up  at  Wyandotte  on 
the  Detroit  river  and  a  steamer  is  in  course 
of  construction.  All  the  necessary  appli- 
ances for  this  kind  of  work  have  been 
added  to  the  Wyandotte  Iron  Works. 

The  Open  Sea  navigated  in  1871  below 
the  78th  parallel  by  the  Austrian  Expedi- 
tion is  more  than  500  miles  in  extent  lon- 
gitudinally and  of  indefinite  breadth. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Direotory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

{Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  In  the  Scrxu- 
titic  Pjlesb  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION.  AMOCNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  ABREBSMENT  DELINQUENT.      OF  HALE. 

Alps  8-  M.  Co.  Her.,  March  1.  76c April  9— April  30 

Bloonifli'ld  Gravel  M.Co,  Cal.,  Feb  .  23,$3.Mar.27— Apr.  13 
CaledoniaS  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Fnb.  1,  $4.  ...Mar. 8—  Mar.  29 
Dauey  G.  k  S.  M.  Co..  Nev.,  Feb.  1,  65c.Mar.  4— Mar.  25 
Emerald  Hill  M.  Co.,  U.T.,  Jan  11,  25c— Feb.  19,  Mar.  14 
Oolden  Age  &  Empire  M.Co.  Feb.  9,  $i. 50.  Mar.  12— Apr.3 

Ooud  k  Curry,  Nev.,  Jan   30,  $15 Mar.  4— April  26 

Golden  Chariot,  I,  T..  Jan.  31— $2  50,  Mar.  9,  Mar.  30 
Grand  Duke  M.  Co.,  U.T.,  Mar. 5,  25c. April  15— May  15 

Ida  Eimore,  Idaho,  March  6.  $3 April  11— May  10 

KiucaidFlat  M.  Co..  Cal.. Feb.  14, $3.  .Mar.  18— April  8* 
Mahogany  O.&S.M.Co,  I.T.  Jan,  20, $1.60  Mar.  6— Mar  23 

Marcelina  8.  M.  Co.  Mar.  8   10c April  15—  May  7» 

Noondays. M.Co.  White  Pine,  Feb.  1,20c. Mar.  5— Mar  25 
Nuefttra  Senora  de  Guadelupe,  May  12,  $2.Ap  15—  May  8* 
Pacific  Borax  Co.,  Nev.  Feb.  23,  15c. March  28— April  16 
Piermout  M.  k  M.  Co.,  N.,  Jan.  20.  80c.-Mar.  1,  Mar. 23* 
Pocahontaa  G.  M.  (V,  Cal  .  ]■'.  b.  25,  $5.. April  6—  May  G* 
Qui]  Hill  M.fcW.Co.,  Cal  Feb.  15,85,  Mar.  26— April  16* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  $1  Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Silver  Wave,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  $1 Feb. 26— Mar.  19.* 

South  Chariot  M.  Co.,  I.  T„  Feb.  8,  $l...Mar.  9— April  1 

South  Eureka,  Nov.,  Mar.  2.15c April  4  -April  24 

8pring  Mt.  Tunnel  Co.,March  12, 15c. April  22— May  la» 
St.  Patrick  M.Co.  Placer  co.  Cal.  Feb. 8,$4  Mar.13— Apr.2 
8.  Gulch  Gr.  M.  Co.. Cal..  Feb  7.  $1.60. Mar  13—  April  3* 

Tallulah  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Jan.  30,  $1 Mar.  6— Mar.  26 

Tocumseh,  Cal..  Jan.  23,  $4 Feb.  27— Mar.  16» 

Washington  k  Creole  M.  Co.  Feb.  16,  50c.  Mar.  15  — Apr.ll 
MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Alps  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  18 

Buckeye   M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  29 

Central  Hydraulic  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  22 

Chapman  M.  4:  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  14 

Eagle  Quicksilver  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  Mar.  26» 

Granite  M  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  23 

Hale  and  Norcross Special  Meeting  April  18 

Jackson  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  M«r.  25 

North  Oro  Fino Annual  Meeting  Mar.  25 

Oro  Flno  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  25 

Phoenix  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  1 

San  Marcial  S.  M.  Cc Annual  Meeting  Mar.  19 

Slempre  Viva  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  18 

Starlight  G.  k  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  20 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $16 Payable  March  9 

Coo  liar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $15  Payable  March  15 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co.l  per ct. Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1  60 Payable  March  18 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Ptyable  Feb.  10 

Raymond  k  Ely,  $5 Payable  March  8 

'Advertised  in  this  journal. 

Leather  Market  Report 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  Bt.] 
San  Francisco.  Thursday,  March  14, 1872. 

Sole  Leatheb.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  firm- 
City  Tanned  Leather,*  lb 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  «  lb 26@29 

Country  Leather,  ^  tb 2*529 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8  Kii.,  perdoz  $«l  Uttto 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil., perdoz 76  00(5)  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice.  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz. 60  00(3  78  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  19  Kil  ,^1  doz  95  0O@ 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  00(5)  70  00 

Corncllian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz  70  00@ 

Cornellian.  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz ...  60  00@  63  00 

OeeraoCalf,  ¥%  doz 54  00® 

Simon,  18  Kil., &  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  a  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  &  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips.  ^  lb     1  '0®    130 

California  Kip,  "ft  doz  65  00to80  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  f  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Cal  f  for  Backe,  $  lb  I  15®    1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  "$  doz 8  0O@  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,  %l  doz  5  50®  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75@    5  50 

Beat  Jodot  Ca  t  Boot  Leers,  impair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ^i  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  LegB,  $  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ^  lb 30®    37^' 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  $*  doz 48  00@  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  $  lb 34®    37 M 

Welt  Leather,  $  doz 30  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  9  foot 18&      29 


Diamond  District. — A  correspondent  of 
ours  in  Diamond  City,  Confederate  Gnlch, 
one  of  Montana's  richest  placer  camps, 
says  that  everything  is  flourishing  there 
and  everybody  busy.  The  district  is  sit- 
uated about  38  miles  east  of  Helena. 
Rankin's  claim  has  a  shaft  60  feet  deep 
with  a  double  whim  over  it.  The  pay  streak 
is  100  feet  wide.  The  claim  is  well  tim- 
bered and  capped  and  looks  as  if  it  might 
stand  for  ages.  It  has  been  well  drained 
at  a  great  expense  and  is  perfectly  dry. 
The  work  shows  that  the  coin  is  there  how- 
ever. There  are  20  men  employed.  Magill 
&  Co.  are  doing  well.  Further  down  the 
gulch  is  King  and  Gillet's  flume,  which  is 
4,000  feet  long,  4  feet  wide  and  30  inches 
deep,  with  a  grade  sufficient  to  carry  boul- 
ders as  big  as  a  horse.  The  guloh  is  7 
miles  long  and  all  of  it  being  worked  with 
good  pay.  The  depth  to  the  bedrock  is 
about  33  feet. 


A  Strike.— The  Gold  Hill  News  of  the 
6th  inst.  says  that  the  famous  mule  which 
has  been  hauling  the  oars  on  the  1,100- 
foot  level  of  the  Belcher  and  Crown  Point 
mines  all  winter  has  had  to  be  hauled 
out.  It  got  so  lazy  and  obstinate  that  it 
refused  to  work — made  a  strike,  as  it  were, 
all  by  herself.  Another  mule  has  been 
sent  down  to  fill  her  place.  Kellogg,  the 
foreman  has  named  this  new  mule  "Susan 
B.  Anthony." 


166 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  16,  1872. 


The  Hunt  &  Douglas  Process  for  the 
Extraction  of  Copper  from  its  Ores. 

I»o.  4. 

[Concluded.] 

Peroxyd  of  Iron. — The  precipitated  hy- 
drated  peroxyd  of  iron,  holding  more  or 
less  oxyehlorid  and  basic  persulphate,  is 
in  part  retained  by  the  gangue,  but  the 
greater  portion  of  it  accumulates  in  the 
settling-tank.  When  suspended  in  water 
and  heated  with  an  excess  of  sulphurous 
acid  gas,  it  is  converted  into  a  mixture  of 
insoluble  protosulphite  and  soluble  proto- 
sulphate  of  iron,  which  latter  may  be  used 
for  the  copper  bathf.  The  oxyd  may  also 
be  dried  and  used  as  a  pigament,  or  re- 
duced to  metallic  iron  to  be  employed  for 
the  precipitation  of  copper.  To  this  end 
it  may  be  mixed  with  one-fourth  its  weight 
of  carbonaceous  matter  and  heated  to  red- 
ness in  suitable  vessels,  by  which  means  it 
will  be  converted  into  iron  sponge;  or  else 
compressed  into  cakes  and  smelted,  with 
the  addition  of  lime,  in  a  small  blast 
furnace,  yielding  tlius  cast  iron. 
Working  of   the   Process. 

Preparation  of  the  Ores. — The  new  method 
above  described  is  now  in  use  at  the  Har- 
vey Hill  mine  in  Leeds,  near  Quebec.  The 
ores  there  treated  are  a  mixture  of  yellow 
and  purple  sulphurets  of  copper,  dressed 
for  the  purpose  to  15  or  20  per  cent.,  and 
ground  so  as  to  pass  through  a  sieve  of 
forty  meshes  to  the  linear  inch.  The1 
roasting  is  at  present  effected  on  a  small 
scale  in  a  muffle  furnace  thirty  feet  long, 
with  a  wood  fire,  the  heat  passing  in  flues 
beneath  the  floor  of  the  muffle  only.  With 
this  arrangement,  however,  only  about 
two  tons  -of  ore  can  be  roasted  in  twenty- 
four  hours,  and  it  is  proposed  to  erect,  at 
once,  larger  and  more  convenient  furnaces. 
A  proper  arrangementforroasting,  though 
an  indispensable  preliminary  to  the  treat- 
ment of  sulphuretted  ores,  constitutes  no 
distinctive  part  of  the  new  process  which 
has  for  its  object  the  solution  and  precipi- 
tation of  copper  from  naturally  or  artifi- 
cially oxydized  ores. 

Solution. — A  Freiberg  barrel  was  used 
in  the  earlier  trials,  but  has  since  been 
advantageously  replaced  by  two  circular 
tubs,  made  of  three-inch  spruce  plank, 
measuring  seven  feet  in  diameter  by  five 
feet  in  Light,  and  furnished  with  closely 
fitting  covers.  The  stirring  apparatus 
consists  of  two  oblique  blades  fastened  to 
a  vertical  shaft,  their  ends  being  within  an 
inch  of  the  sides,  and  about  twelve  inches 
from  the  bottom  of  the  tub,  which  is 
somewhat  convex,  so  as  to  diminish  the 
space  beneath  the  revolving  blades  near 
the  center,  and  thus  prevent  an  accumula- 
tion of  ore  in  that  part.  Such  a  tub  will 
hold  about  five  tons  of  liquid,  and  may  be 
three-quarters  filled.  With  twenty  or 
twenty-five  turns  of  the  stirrer  in  a  minute 
it  is  easy  to  keep  one  and  a  half  or  even 
two  tons  of  roasted  ore  suspended  in  three 
tons  of  liquid,  and  if  allowed  to  subside 
the  ore  falls  so  as  to  leave  the  stirrer  free. 
The  bath  used  at  present  is  even  weaker 
than  that  indicated  in  the  foregoing  speci- 
fication, marking  about  19°  Baume,  (spe- 
cific gravity  1.147),  and  containing  ten 
grains  of  iron  to  the  fluid-ounce,  or  a  little 
over'two  per  cent.  Such  a  bath  will,  by 
continued  agitation,  at  a  temperature  of 
120°  to  180°  F.  dissolve  the  oxyd  of  copper 
from  a  properly  roasted  ore  holding  15 
per  cent.,  in  six  or  eight  hours.  At  the 
end  of-  this  time  a  sample  of  the  washed 
gangue  should  not  yield  too  strong  boil- 
ing acetic  acid  more  than  two  or  three 
thousandths  of  copper.  Should  boiling 
nitric  acid  remove  a  farther  portion,  it 
shows  a  defective  roasting  of  the  ore.  The 
stirrer  being  stopped,  the  liquid  is  quickly 
drawn  off  through  an  opening  near  the 
bottom  by  a  two-inch  india-rubber  hose 
into  a  large  covered  settling-tank,  where 
it  deposits  the  finely  divided  portions  of 
the  gangue  and  the  suspended  peroxyd  of 
iron.  The  gangue  is  washed  by  agitating 
for  a  few  minutes  with  a  portion  of  fresh 
bath  or  of  brine,  in  order  to  remove  the 
copper  solution  which  it  retains,  and  is 
then  shovelled  out  through  a  trap  eight 
inches  square  in  the  bottom   of  the  tank. 

Precipitation. — After  three  or  four  hours 
repose  in  the  settling  tank  the  clear  copper 
solution  is  drawn  off  to  the  precipitating- 
tanks,  which  are  built  like  the  dissolving- 
tanks,  but  with  flat  bottoms.  Here  scrap 
iron,  either  of  wrought  or  cast  metal,  is 
placed  on  racks  of  basket-work  near  the 
top  and  bottom  of  the  tank,  which  is  filled 
with  the  hot  liquor  and  closely  covered. 

*See  the  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal  of  New 
York,  for  March  8  and  16,  also  the  American  Gasligld 
Journal  and  Chemical  Repertory,  for  March  9,  1870. 

tThis  use  has  been  pointed  out  in  the  specification  of 
the  United  States  patent,  where  it  is  stated  that  instead 
of  employing  sulphurous  acid  during  the  process  of 
solution,  "  the  residue  after  the  solution  of  the  copper 
may  he  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  sulphurous  acid 
gaB,"  in  order  to  obtain  a  soluble  protosalt  of  iron  for 
the  bath. 


After  twelve  hours,  if  the  exposed  surface 
of  iron  be  sufficient,  the  precipitation  of 
the  copper  is  very  nearly  reomplete,  and 
the  liquid  may  be  drawn  off,  passing 
through  a  flannel  filter  to  retain  any  sus- 
pended particles  of  metallic  copper,  and 
is  ready  to  be  transferred  to  the  dissolving- 
tank  for  the  treatment  of  a  fresh  charge  of 
roasted  ore.  A  little  steam  injected  from 
time  to  time  either  into  the  dissolving  or 
precipitating-tank  suffices  to  keep  the  bath 
at  bout  150°  F.,  at  which  temperature  the 
processes  of  solution  and  precipitation 
proceed  with  rapidity.  As  a  charge  of  bath 
can  be  used  once  every  twenty-four  hours, 
the  loss  of  heat  in  covered  vessels  is  slight. 
The  vats  for  the  three  operations  are  ar- 
ranged at  different  levels,  so  that  the 
liquors  flow  from  the  dissolving  to  the  sub- 
siding and  thence  to  the  precipating-tanks. 
From  the  last  the  regenerated  bath  is  dis- 
charged into  a  tight  vessel  from  which,  by 
the  pressure  of  steam,  it  is  raised  to  the 
level  of  the  dissolving-tanks.  As  both 
iron  and  copper  are  attacked  by  the  copper 
solutions,  the  use  of  these  metals  must  be 
avoided  in  those  parts  of  the  apparatus 
which  are  exposed  to  its  action. 

The  use  of  lime  and  of  sulphurous  acid 
in  this  process  has  been  already  explained. 
The  ores  used  at  Harvey  Hill  are,  how- 
ever, so  calcareous  that  lime  is  not  needed 
to  decompose  the  sulphate  of  copper  form- 
ed in  roasting.  A  small  amount  of  sul- 
phurous gas  from  the  roasting  of  the  ore 
is  made  to  pass  over  the  surfece  of  the 
bath,  through  a  tube  entering  one  side  of 
the  closely  covered  dissolving-tank,  while 
from  the  other  side  an  escape-tube  passes 
into  a  chimney,  thus  establishing  a 
draught.  In  this  way  it  has  been  easy  at 
Harvey  Hill  to  keep  up,  and  even  to  aug- 
ment at  will,  the  iron  contents  of  the  bath. 
If  this  becomes  excessive,  its  amount  is 
readily  reduced  by  adding  a  little  lime,  or 
in  the  case  of  the  calcareous  ores  now 
used,  by  running  one  or  more  charges 
without  the  use  of  sulphurous  acid.  Baths 
which  have  been  used  twelve  and  fifteen 
times  at  Harvey  Hill,  at  each  time  taking 
up  and  precipitating  two  or  three  per 
cent,  of  copper,  are  unaltered  in  their 
composition  and  as  good  as  at  first.  The 
consumption  of  metallic  iron  in  precipi- 
tating, as  determined  by  numerous  trials 
on  solutions  prepared  as  above,  and  hold- 
ing from  fifty  to  sixty  pounds  of  copper  to 
the  ton,  will  not  exceed  fourteen  hundred 
pounds  of  iron  to  the  ton  of  pure  copper 
thrown  down. 

The  cost  of  working  copper  ores  by  this 
process  are  comprehended  under  four 
heads: 

1.  The  roasting  and  grinding  of  the  ores, 
and  the  furnaces  and  mills  for  the  purpose. 
Poor  ores  may  be  kiln-roasted  before 
grinding,  but  rich  ores  and  regulus  should 
be  pulverized  before  roasting. 

2.  The  necessary  vats  and  stirring-appa- 
ratus, and  the  handling  of  the  materials  in 
dissolving  and  precipitating. 

3.  The  first  cost  of  the  baths  and  the 
small  amount  of  salt  required  to  supply 
unavoidable  waste,  besides,  in  some  cases 
only,  a  portion  of  lime. 

4.  The  metallic  iron  required  for  pre- 
cipitating the  copper,  which  is  not  more 
than  from  one-half  to  one-third  the  amount 
consumed  in  the  ordinary  processes  for 
obtaining  cement  copper. 

Solvent  Power  of  Protoclilorid  of  Copper. 
Protochlorid  of  copper  readily  attacks 
metallic  copper,  forming  with  it  dichlorid. 
Hence,  as  already  explained,  the  metallic 
copper  which  is  separated  when  the  proto- 
chlorid of  iron  bath  acts  on  dinoxyd  of 
copper,  is  at  once  dissolved  if  an  equivalent 
of  "protoxyd  of  copper  be  present  to  yield 
the  requisite  amountof  protochlorid.  The 
protochlorid  of  copper  will  also  attack 
certain  sulphuretted  compounds  of  copper. 
Copper  glance,  purple  copper  ore,  or  arti- 
ficial products,  as  regulus,  approaching 
these  in  composition,  are  readily  dissolved 
by  a  solution  of  protochlorid  of  copper 
mixed  with  common  salt,  dichlorid  of  cop- 
per being  formed.  Hence,  a  sulphuretted 
ore  imperfectly  roasted,  and  still  contain- 
ing a  portion  of  sulphuret  rich  in  copper, 
will  give  it  up  to  the  action  of  a  bath  con- 
taining protochlorid  of  copper. 

Some  specimens  of  kiln-roasted  Spanish 
pyrites,  still  holding  kernels  of  regulus, 
have  been  found  to  yield  the  whole  of 
their  copper  to  the  action  of  such  a  bath, 
but  the  kiln-roasting  is  seldom  complete 
enough  to  give  this  result,  and  a  grinding" 
and  recalcination  will  in  most  cases  be 
found  necessary. 

The  present  process  has,  from  the  above 
re-action,  an  important  advantage  over 
those  in  which  the  copper  is  dissolved  as 
a  sulphate.  The  protochlorid  of  copper 
in  the  bath  exerts  a  powerful  solvent  action 
on  any  portions  of  snlphuret  or  of  metallic 
copper    (derived   from  suboxyd  or  other- 


wise) present  in  an  imperfectly  roasted 
ore.  The  sulphate  of  copper,  on  the  con- 
trary, possesses  no  such  solvent  power,  so 
that  a  complete  roasting  of  the  ores  be- 
comes necessary. 

Treatment   of   Copper   Ores  Holding  Silver  and 
Gold. 

The  bath  of  protochlorid  of  iron  and 
salt,  after  being  more  or  less  completely 
saturated  with  copper,  chloridizes  and  dis- 
solves silver  or  any  of  its  compounds,  in 
virtue  of  the  well  known  aotion  of  proto- 
chlorid of  copper.  Bepeated  experiments 
with  the  silver  and  gold-bearing  sul- 
phuretted copper  ores  of  Colorado  and 
other  regions,  have  shown  that  when  a 
properly  roasted  ore  of  this  kind  (or  a 
regulus  from  sucn  ore)  is  treated  in  the 
way  just  described  for  the  removal  of  its 
copper,  all  of  the  silver  is,  at  the  same 
time,  dissolved  as  a  chlorid  in  the  bath, 
and  may  be  thrown  down  in  the  metallic 
state  by  digesting  it  with  metallic  copper, 
or  causing  it  to  filter  through  a  bed  of 
cement  copper.  After  thus  separating  the 
silver  the  copper  is  precipitated  as  usual 
by  metallic  iron.  The  residue  from  the 
bath,  having  lost  its  copper  and  silver, 
contains  any  gold  which  may  have  been 
present  in  the  ore,  in  a  favorable  condition 
for  removal  by  chlorination.  Trials  on  a 
considerable  scale  have  shown  that  when  a 
regulus  holding  at  the  same  time  copper, 
silver  and  gold,  is  treated  by  the  present 
process  for  the  extraction  of  the  copper,  it 
is  possible,  with  but  little  additional  ex- 
pense, to  separate  from  it  at  the  same  time 
all  the  silver  and  the  gold.  The  removal 
of  the  silver  from  the  bath  requires  only 
the  use  of  a  portion  of  the  cement  copper 
from  a  previous  operation  ;  while  to  ob- 
tain the  gold  from  the  residue  the  ordinary 
apparatus  for  chlorination  may  be  em- 
ployed.* 

In  the  case  of  copper  ores  containing 
nickel  this  metal  gradually  accumulates  in 
the  bath,  and  when  in  sufficient  quantity 
may  be  extracted,  after  first  peroxydizing 
and  precipitating  the  iron,  which  would 
probably  be  best  effected  by  forcing  a  cur- 
rent of  air  through  the  liquid  previously 
mingled  with  pulverized  carbonate  of 
lime. 


Stock  Grazing  on  the  Plains. 

The  present  winter  has  been  a  most  try- 
ing one  for  the  stock  grazers  in  the  great 
territories  of  Wyoming,  Colorado,  and 
New  Mexico.  The  "great  heart  of  the 
Continent"  covered  by  these  territories 
has  heretofore  maintained  a  very  good 
reputation  for  the  mildness  of  its  winter 
climate,  considering  its  latitude  and  eleva- 
tion above  the  sea.  This  favorable  tem- 
perature is,  mainly  due  to  the  warm  winds 
which  reach  that  locality  from  the  Pacific 
shore;  but  during  the  winter  now  passing 
away  these  winds  have  scarcely  been  felt 
there,  while,  in  their  stead,  that  region 
has  been  swept  by  cold  northerly  blasts 
from  Dakota  and  British  Columbia.  The 
territory^of  Utah  has  also  suffered  more  or 
less  from  the  excess  of  northerly  and  the 
absence  of  the  usual  ocean  winds. 

The  effect  of  this  change  jn  the  usual  air 
currents  has  been  most  noticeable  in  the 
obstruction  of  railroad  travel  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Bailroad,  which  traverses  the  cen- 
tral portion  of  this  region.  Its  effect 
upon  the  stock  interest  is  not  yet  fully 
known;  but  a  correspondent  of  the  New 
York  Tribune,  Mr.  B.  A.  Cameron,  who  ap- 
pears to  be  very  well  posted  with  regard 
to  the  facts,  has  given  a  statement  of  the 
condition  of  the  stock  interest  up  to  early 
in  February  from  which  we  condense  as 
follow: 

There  has  been  no  suffering  among  the 
cattle  in  Southern  Colorado  or  New  Mexico. 
There  has  not  been  over  3%  inches  of 
snow  in  any  of  the  grazing  valleys  in  the 
extreme  south  of  Colorado,  which  has  at 
no  time  remained  on  the  ground  over  48 
hours.  In  the  Central  and  Northern  part 
of  that  territory,  and  in'  Western  Ne- 
braska the  snow  fall  on  the  usual  feeding 
grounds  has  been  about  equal  with  that 
ordinarily  experienced  in  Illinois;  but  the 
cattle  were  generally  removed  to  more  fa- 
vored spots,  and  have  consequently  suf- 
fered but  little.  Beports  from  four  large 
stock  owners,  holding  59,000  head  report 
no  loss;  one  person  with  8,500head  reports 
small  loss;  another  with  3,200  reports  the 
loss  of  13  head;  two  other  owners  report 
9,000  and  2,000  head  each  with  losses  of  3 
and  2  per  cent  respectively.     Of  the  20,000 


sheep  in  Laramie  valley  a  loss  of  4  to  5 
per  cent  is  reported.  Horses  have  not 
suffered  anything  to  speak  of.  The  pro- 
prietor of  a  herd  of  18,000  head  kept  on 
the  Platte,  some  50  miles  east  of  Greeley, 
reports  that  his  loss  will  not  exceed  2  per 
cent. 

This  showing  is  certainly  much  more 
favorable  than  the  public  had  been  led  to 
expect,  from  the  general  reports  of  the 
weather  for  that  region,  and  certainly  au- 
gurs favorably  for  the  future  of  stock  rais- 
ing in  that  great  central  portion  of  the 
continent.  The  correspondent  above  al- 
luded to  promises  a  full  and  definite  re- 
port of  the  result  of  the  winter's  losses  by 
first  of  May.  He  thinks  the  worst  was 
over  in  December,  and  that  comparatively 
but  little  will  have  to  be  added  to  that  al- 
ready reported. 

He  thinks  that  if  each  stock  raiser 
would  provide  a  month's  feed  of  hay  for 
his  cattle,  which  might  be  easily  done  dur- 
ing the  summer,  no  considerable  loss  need 
ever  be  feared;  even  if  not  needed,  safety 
and  a  reasonable  oare  for  our  dumb  ani- 
mals demands  it.  Moreover,  one  feels 
vastly  better  if  he  knows  that  the  safety 
and  comfort  of  his  stock  is  provided  for  in 
case  of  need.  Such  a  winter  as  that  just 
passed  need  not  bs  expected  oftener  than 
once  in  ten  years. 

Lemons  and  Sheep. 

We  have  known  for  years  that  Los  Angeles 
County  produces  as  fine  oranges  as  we  usually 
see  in  our  markets;  but  we  never  saw  a  lemon, 
from  there  or  anywhere  else,  equal  to  the 
one  rolled  in  upon  us  a  day  or  two  since  by 
Mr.  C.  W.  Cook,  who,  though  a  resident  of 
Diamond,  Meigher  Co.,  Montana,  has  just  re- 
turned from  his  first  visit  to  Los  Angeles.  He 
brings  with  him  a  lemon  grown  by  the  propri- 
etor of  the  Anaheim  Hotel,  that  measures  15 
inches  in  longitudinal  circumference  and  11% 
inches  transverse  circumference.  It  was  one 
of  many  hundred  on  the  same  tree,  not  all  as 
large  as  this  however,  hut  still  the  number  of 
lemons  as  well  as.  oranges  grown  upon  a  single 
tree  in  one  season  is  enormous. 

Our  informant  counted  over  three  thousand 
oranges  on  one  tree,  and  then  stopped  count- 
ing; true  it  was  a  ten  year  old  tree,  but  a  great 
many  much  younger  trees,  had  over  a  thou- 
sand each.  This  fact  alone  would  set  at  rest 
the  matter  of  the  immense  profit  derived  from 
orange  and  lemon  culture.  Curious  to  know 
how  many  trees  were  planted  on  an  acre,  of 
the  different  varieties  of  fruits,  he  found  them 
to  be  nearly  as  follows :  grapevines  1,000;  wal- 
nut 40;  oranges  or  lemons  60. 

From  13  acres  of  trees,  the  rows  alternating 
with  orange  and  apple  trees  in  equal  numbers, 
over  $22,000  of  fruit,  orange  and  apple,  was 
sold  in  a  single  season.  Mr.  Cook  represented 
the  country  as  perfectly  charming;  the  ani- 
mals as  rolling  fat,  and  the  green  grass  in 
many  places  actually  up  to  the  wagon  axles  as 
you  travel  over  it.  He  speaks  of  the  great 
draw  back  to  the  settlement  of  the  country 
more  rapidly  than  now,  as  being  the  fact  that 
much  of  it  is  held  by  large  proprietors  who 
hold  their  lands  at  too  high  prices. 

On  the  return  of  Mr.  C.  to  Montana,  he 
takes  with  him  from  the  coast  country  a  band 
of  2,400  sheep,  for  the  mountain  pastures  that 
surround  his  alpine  home;  which  he  assures 
us  is  not  surpassed  by  any  other  country  for 
sheep  growing  he  has  ever  seen,  not  even  the 
beautiful  Los  Angeles  country  he  has  just 
visited.  He  drives  his  flock  by  way  of  Walla 
Walla  and  the  great  national  road  leading  east- 
wardly  to  fort  Benton,  known  as  the  Mullen 
road.  He  represents  Montana  as  abounding  in 
immense  stock  ranges,  and  that  owing  to  the 
little  snow  falling  there,  an  abundance  of  food 
both  winter  and  summer  is  procurable  by  all 
mariner  of  stock,  but  considers  it  eminently  su- 
perior for  sheep.  Mr.  C.  is  one  of  our  earliest 
subscribers  to  the  Pkess  and  we  have 
the  promise  of  hearing  from  him  and  his 
Montana  stock  enterprise  at  an  early  day. 

The  Wing  of  the  Locust. — If  the  tip 
of  the  wing  of  the  so-called  "  seventeen- 
year  locust,"  is  placed  under  a  low  magni- 
fying power,  there  will  be  seen  near  the 
fancied  letter  W  (which  has  been  ob- 
served by  some  with  superstition)  a 
beautiful  branching,  arborescent  appear- 
ance, which  is  probably  due  to  certain 
vessels  which  supply  nutriment  to  the 
wing.  The  branches  are  transparent,  and 
are  based  on  one  of  the  muscular  bands  of 
the  wing.  They  appear  to  be  filled  with  some 
granular  material.  Why  they  appear  only 
at  this  one  spot  on  the  wing  has  not  been 
explained. 


March  16,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


167 


UsEfJL     IflfO^^JION. 

Wonderful   Remains   of   Ancient   Iron 
Workers. 

The  Engineer  of  Dec.  15th,  1871,  con- 
tains a  lengthy  paper,  by  Robert  Mal- 
let, giving  some  very  interesting  facts  with 
regard  to  the  existence,  in  India,  of  numer- 
ous large  masses  of  manufactured  iron, 
which  are  found  in  various  porta  of  that 
country.  These  masses  consist  of  largo 
beams  or  rafters  of  iron,  20  feet  or  more  in 
length,  and  from  8  to  12  inches  square. 
Masses  of  iron  of  this  description  are 
found  among  tho  ruins  of  ancient  cities  at 
wide  distances  apart,  showing  that  such 
productions  were  not  confined  to  any  par- 
ticular locality.  But  the  most  notable 
relic  of  this  character  is  a  large  iron  pillar, 
still  standing  as  originally  placed,  near 
the  city  of  Delhi.  This  pillar  bears  an  in- 
scription giving  the  name  of  the  king  in 
whose  honor  it  was  erected,  but  without 
date.  Its  bight  above  ground  is  22  feet; 
but  iis  depth  underground  is  considerably 
greater,  as  it  has  been  followed  down,  by 
excavations,  26  feet,  without  any  indica- 
tions of  finding  the  bottom,  or  at  all  loos- 
ening tho  column.  It  is  thought  that 
the  entire  column  cannot  be  less  than  CO 
feet  in  length,  while  the  lower  diameter  is 
10.4  inches,  and  its  upper  12.05 — the  dimi- 
nution being  uniformly  0.29  of  an  inch 
per  foot.  The  pillar  will  weigh  about  17 
tons.  All  these  remains  are  very  ancient, 
and  none  can  be  referred  to  later  than  the 
10th  centur/.  From  the  form  of  the  letters 
on  the  Delhi  pillar,  it  is  known  that  it 
could  not  have  been  made  later  than  the 
3d  or  4th  century.  The  letters  were  evi- 
dently mode  with  a  punch  and  hammer. 

The  Immediate  Question  of  Interest 
Connected  with  such  works  are — how  were 
they  made '?  The  iron  is  malleable  and 
not  cast  iron.  Specimens  taken  from  the 
pillar  are  easily  drawn  out — a  process  in- 
applicable to  cast  iron.  If  this  mass  was 
forged,  how  could  it  have  been  done  with 
the  imperfect  appliances  known  in  those 
days  ?  The  possibility  of  forging  a  mass 
of  iron  by  heat  or  by  sledge  hammers, 
which  was  the  only  method  known  in  Eu- 
rope until  the  present  century,  waslimited 
by  the  power  of  the  men.  to  endure, 
within  striking  distance,  the  radiation  of 
the  heat  from  the  mass.  This  limit  was 
reached  in  England  in  ship's  anchors,  the 
largest  of  which  were  welded  by  24  "  strik- 
ers," trained  to  strike  in  time,  with  14  to 
18  lb  sledges,  and  it  is  claimed  that  the 
proportion  of  heat  radiated  by  these  larg- 
est anchors,  when  compared  to  the  Delhi 
shaft  is  as  64  to  201.  The  impossibility  of 
welding  such  a  mass  by  hand  is  appar- 
ent. 

With  regard  to  the  possibility  of  this 
shaft  having  been  cast,  aside  from  its  un- 
mistakable, malleable  character,  the  fact  is 
interposed  that  the  iron  workers  of  those 
days,  so  far  as  we  have  any  knowledge, 
never  constructed  furnaces  that  would 
turn  out  over  100  pounds  of  iron  at  a 
charge;  hence  it  would  require  that  at  least 
400  such  furnaces  should  be  tapped  at  one 
time  to  form  such  a  casting.  The  manifest 
impossibility  of  such  a  thing  must  be  ap 
parent  to  every  iron  smelter. 

Now  were  the  ancient  iron  workers  of 
India  acquainted  with  mechanical  applian 
ces  which  have  not  been  excelled  by  any- 
thing of  the  present  day  ?  Mr.  Mallet 
seems  to  leave  the  question  at  this  point  as 
an  insoluble  metallurgical  enigma. 

A  Possible  Solution  of  the  Problem. 

In  the  issue  of  the  Engineer  for  Jan.  12, 
1872,  Mr.  George  M.  Fraser  comes  to  the 
rescue  with  an  ingenious  and  very  plausa- 
ble  theory.  It  is  pretty  well  established 
that  the  natives  of  India  never  did  and  do 
not  now  make  cast  iron,  although  the  Chi- 
nese do.  All  the  iron  manufactured  in 
India  is  from  black  magnetic  oxide,  which, 
in  the  furnace  is  not  converted  into  cast 
iron,  but  into_a  mass  of  malleable  metal 
presenting  in  some  parts  a  crystalline,  in 
others  a  fibrous  fracture.  This  product, 
not  fluid,  is  removed  from  the  furnaces  by 
allowing  them  to  cool,  and  then  breaking 
away  the  front,  so  as  to  allow  the  removal 
of  the  charge  in  a  mass.  Of  course  the 
heated  and  plastic  mass  settles  down  to  the 
bottom  and  takes  the  form  of  the  lower 
portion  of  the  furnace. 

Now  suppose  a  furnace  built  with  the 
interior  of  its  lower  portion  correspond- 
ing to  the   size  and  shape  of  a  section  of 


the  column  or  beam  wanted.  Let  a  num- 
ber of  these  sections  be  thus  formed  by 
separate  furnace  charges,  so  that  when 
put  together,  endwise,  they  will  constitute 
the  column  or  beam  desired.  All  that  is 
needed  is  an  end  or  butt  welding  of  tho 
pieces.  It  is  well  known  that  this  kind  of 
iron  welds  at  a  vory  low  heat — much  lower 
than  that  required  for  wrought  iron,  and 
there  is  no  very  great  stretch  of  proba- 
bility required  to  suppose  the  accomplish- 
ment of  such  a  thing  by  evou  the  present 
native  iron  workers  of  India,  who  it  is 
known  are  able  to  effect  a  very  fair  weld 
of  shafts  6  and  8  inches  in  diameter,  with 
open  charcoal  fires.  The  sections  from 
the  furnaces  as  above,  could  be  easily 
prepared,  by  heating  and  hammering,  to 
make  good  joints,  and  then  only  a  surface 
heating,  with  very  little  hammering  upon 
the  end  of  the  section  would  be  required 
to  effect  a  weld,  that,  to  the  eye,  would  bo 
very  passable.  Of  course  iron  so  con- 
structed and  welded  could  not  be  expected 
to  stand  any  great  tension,  such  as  is  endur- 
ed by  wrought  iron  shafts  built  up  from 
regular  blooms  or  from  longitudinal  bars 
by  modern  appliances.  No  such  test 
has  ever  been  applied  to  the  Delhi  column 
or  to  any  other  of  the  India  remains,  and 
the  probability  is  that  a  comparatively 
slight  blow, as  from  a  cannon  ball,  would 
separate  this  shaft  into  two  or  more  frag- 
ments, the  breakages  taking  place  at  the 
welding  joints. 

The  Telegraph  as  an  Errand  Boy. 

New  uses  are  constantly  being  devised  for 
the  telegraph,  the  latest  of  which  is  to  em- 
ploy it  as  an  errand  boy,  as  follows:  A 
company  has  been  formed  to  establish 
offices  at  convenient  places  in  various  parts 
of  New  York,  whence  messengers  can  be 
sent,  on  demand,  to  any  house  within  the 
respective  districts.  These  offices  are  to 
be  connected  by  telegraphic  wires  with 
the  houses  of  such  persons  as  pay  month- 
ly $2.50  for  the  benefits.  The  occupants 
of  a  honse,  by  touching  a  key,  will  simply 
give  notice  at  the  office  that  a  messenger 
is  wanted.  The  offices  will  be  numerous, 
and  so  distributed  that  a  house  can  be 
reached  by  a  messenger  within  three  min- 
utes after  the  notice.  It  will  be  the  duty 
of  the  messenger  to  go  on  any  errands  re- 
quired of  them,  to  any  part  of  the  city, 
the  persons  employing  them  to  pay  the 
company  fifteen  cents  for  every  half  hour 
of  service. 

It  will  be  seen  at  a  glance  that  this  sys- 
tem will  bring  many  conveniences;  but  all 
its  advantages  cannot  be  appreciated  until 
it  has  become  a  necessity  of  domestic  life 
in  all  large  cities.  There  are  thousands  of 
little  services  which  persons  in  moderate 
circumstances  would  gladly  pay  for  at  the 
rates  named,  but  they  cannot  afford,  or  do 
not  desire  to  keep  an  errand  boy,  or  other 
male  house-servant.  But  the  plan  prom- 
ises safety  and  comfort.  It  will  afford  se- 
curity against  burglars  at  night,  and  a 
ready  means  of  calling  a  physician  or  a 
friend  in  cases  of  illness.  If  burglars  are 
in  the  house,  two  touches  of  the  key  will 
bring  a  policeman  at  any  hour  of  the 
night.  In  cases  of  fire,  too,  the  system 
would  be  invaluable;  many  small  fires  be- 
come great  ones  on  account  of  the  unas- 
sisted efforts  of  servants  or  members  of 
the  family  to  suppress  them  without  a  gen- 
eral alarm.  Indeed  the  more  one  consid- 
ers the  uses  of  the  proposed  system,  the 
more  they  multiply  themselves,  and  we 
confidently  predict  that  we  shall  be  won- 
dering how  our  ancestors  got  along  with- 
out it. 


QoOD    t-JEJ^LTH' 


How  to  Shave. — As  you  strap  your  ra- 
zor,  strap  the  two  sides  alternately,  and  keep 
the  back  of  your  razor  always  on  the  strap, 
as  you  turn  it  from  side  to  side.  Xou  thus 
avoid  cutting  your  strap  and  turning  the 
edge  of  your  razor.  As  you  shave,  keep 
your  razor  almost  parallel  with  the  skin, 
and  not  at  a  gr>»at  angle  with  it.  Give  your 
razor  also  a  slight  lateral  motion.  In  fact, 
to  borrow  the  simile  of  the  artist,  "  the 
more  you  can  make  your  shaving  like  mow- 
ing grass  with  a  scythe,  the  better."  Do 
not  make  faces  as  you  shave,  with  the  ob- 
ject of  making  a  better  surface  for  your 
razor  to  act  upon.  The  skin  when  strained 
is  easily  cut.  Adopt  these  hints  and  you 
will  bless  the  unknown  giver. 

New  Use  foe  Paraffin. — Dr.  Vohl  an- 
nounces that  mixed  with  benzole  or  Canada 
balsam,  paraffin  affords  a  glazing  for  fres- 
coes much  superior  to  soluble  glass.  By 
covering  the  interior  of  wine  casks,  with  a 
film  of  pure  white  paraffin  poured  in  melt- 
ed, he  has  effectually  prevented  the  spoil- 
ing of  the  wine  and  its  evaporation  through 
the  wood. 


A  Man  With  a  Watch  Key  in  His  Lungs. 

Mr.  Eli  Hempstead  died  a  short  time 
since  in  New  Haven  from  a  most  singular 
cause.  Some  years  ago  he  was  attacked 
with  insanity,  and  was  sent  to  the  Insane 
Retreat  in  Boston.  While  there  he  push- 
ed a  watch  key  up  his  nose,  and  after  his 
recovery  informed  his  physician  what  he 
had  done. 

An  effort  was  made  to  get  it  out,  but 
without  success.  He  loft  the  Retreat  and 
nothing  further  was  done  to  remove  the 
articlo,  though  he  occasionally  spoke  of 
feeling  it.  In  a  year  or  two  he  was  attack- 
ed with  a  sharp  pain  at  the  lower  end  of 
the  right  lung.  He  suffered  from  it  for 
some  time,  whon  it  passed  away,  and  for 
two  years  he  enjoyed  good  health.  A  few 
weeks  ago  he  went  to  New  Haven  with  an 
invoice  of  produce,  and  while  engaged  in 
lifting  barrels  was  again  attacked  with 
pain  and  bleeding  from  the  lungs. 

He  was  taken  to  his  father's  house, 
whero,  in  a  few  days  he  died.  His  case 
was  so  singular  that  tho  physicians  made  a 
post-mortem  examination,  when  they 
found  the  key  embedded  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  lung  and  surrounded  by  a  lump  in 
a  state  of  mortification.  The  key  had 
dropped  out  of  the  nose  through  the 
windpipe  into  the  lung,  and  had  remained 
there  over  four  years. 

Skin  Grafting. — A  late  number  of  the 
Indiana  Medical  Gazelle  contains  an  account 
of  throe  successful  cases  of  skin  grafting. 
This  curious  operation  is  as  follows:  A 
patient  is  suffering  from  a  large  ulcer. 
The  worst  is,  however,  over,  and  the  ulcer 
is  healing.  But  nature  works  too  slowly 
for  modern  surgery,  so  a  piece  of  skin  is 
cut  from  some  other  part  of  the  body  and 
planted  in  the  sore.  At  firstj  it  seems  to 
have  failed,  for  the  graft  disappears,  evi- 
dently absorbed  into  the  wound,  but  in  a 
few  days  a  speck  of  healthy  skin  appears  in 
the  centre  of  the  raw  surface.  The  trans- 
planted piece  has,  in  fact,  taken'root.  The 
speck  now  rapidly  spreads,  other  grafts 
are  made  to  take  root,  becoming  each  of 
them  centers  of  a  new  growth,  which,  as 
they  expand,  join  each  other,  and  in  a  very 
short  time  cover  the  site  of  the  ulcer  with 
a  smooth  and  healthy  skin. 

Not  long  ago  an  experiment  was  tried  in 
a  London  hospital  of  grafting  a  negro's 
skin  on  an  ulcer  of  a  white  child,  to  see  if 
the  pigment  cells  would  be  reproduced. 
The  experiment  failed,  as  the  bit  of  skin 
died.  The  authors  of  the  cases  quoted  in 
the  Indiana  Medical  Gazette  do  not  say 
whether  the  skin  reproduced  after  grafting 
was  the  same  color  as  that  of  the  rest  of 
the  body  or  the  pink  color  so  often  seen  in 
the  scars  on  natives'  legs.  Thi3  is  a  point 
which  would  be  interesting  to  know. 


The  Right  and  Left  Hand. — The  gen- 
erally accepted  doctrine  is  that  the  pre-em- 
inent use  of  the  right  hand  is  due  to  the 
force  of  education,  without  any  natural 
tendency  in  physical  formation.  But  an 
eminent  physician  in  discussing  this  ques- 
tion takes  the  opposite  ground.  He  in- 
sists that  the  preferential  use  of  one  side 
is  not  limited  to  the  arm,  but  extends  to 
the  leg,  which  is  not  subjected  to  educa- 
tion. The  tendency  to  use  one  side  more 
than  the  other  manifests  itself  before  edu- 
cation begins. 

Left-handedness  is  a  physical  malforma- 
tion. Monkeys  and  parrots  show  a  ten- 
dency to  use  the  right  side,  preferentially. 
In  properly  developed  persons  the  left 
hemisphere  of  the  brain  is  the  larger,  as 
are  the  left  arteries,  and  independently  of 
the  size  of  the  vessels,  the  stream  of  blood 
is  less  hindered  on  the  left  than  on  the 
right  side. 

Hygienic  Application  of  the  Spectro- 
scope.— The  water  used  by  the  people  of  a 
crowded  court,  amongst  whom  several 
cases  of  typhoid  fever  had  appeared,  was 
drawn  from  a  rather  shallow  well,  and  was 
highly  charged  with  various  unoxidized 
compounds  of  nitrogen.  It  was  suspected 
that,  from  some  defect,  the  contents  of  a 
public  urinal  obtained  entrance  to  the  well. 
The  fact  that  the  well  water  contained 
seven  times  as  much  common  salt  as  the 
normal  water  of  the  vicinity  was  some  con- 
firmation of  the  suspicion.  Prof.  Church 
obtained  absolute  proof  by  the  following 
method:  He  introduced  two  grams  of  a 
lithium  salt  into  the  urinal,  and,  two  hours 
later,  was  enabled  readily  to  detect  with 
the  spectroscope  the  presence  of  lithium 
in  a  liter  of  the  well  water,  which  by  pre- 
vious examination  had  shown  no  trace  of 
this  substance. — Quarterly  Jour,  of  Science, 


Scarlet  Fever  Non-contagious. 

Dr.  E.  H.Lewis,  in  an  interesting  articlo 
publishe  1  in  the  North  teeslern  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal,  states  some  striking  facts 
bearing  upon  the  contagiousness  of  scarlet 
fever.  From  data,  gathered  during  an  ep- 
idemic in  1870,  the  doctor  concludes  that 
scarlet  fever  is  not  caused  by  sewer  gases, 
or  marsh  miasms,  or  decayed  vegetable 
matter,  impure  water,  or  the  habits  of 
people;  for  in  the  cases  observed  by  him 
all  these  causes  were  absent.  The  epi- 
demic traveled  directly  and  rapidly 
through  well-drained  and  elevated  regions 
of  country,  sweeping  everything  before  it. 
In  the  cases  observed,  the  doctor  could 
Bud  nothing  to  enable  him  to  believe  in 
its  contagiousness.  He  says:  "  I  have 
not  the  slightest  doubt  that  the  causes  of 
scarlatina  depend  upon  some  peculiar  con- 
dition of  the  atmosphere  favorable  to  tho 
propagation  of  the  scarlatina  poison,  and 
that  it  travels  in  a  manner  similar  to  epi- 
demic cholera,  the  principal  feature  of 
which  it  simulates,  the  difference  being 
that  in  cholera  tho  force  of  the  disease  is 
spent  upon  the  bowels,  while  in  scarlatina 
it  is  expended  upon   the  skin  and  throat." 

A  Case  for  the  Doctors. — A  singular 
case  came  under  the  notice  of  John  B. 
Thayer,  at  East  Cambridge,  on  Thursday. 
He  was  called  to  a  house  on  Charles  street 
to  attend  an  old  lady,  Mrs.  Mary  Carton, 
who  was  there  lying  with  both  thighs  frac- 
tured. The  patient  is  76  years  old  and 
bedridden,  though  not  troubled  with  any 
specific  disease.  While  her  daughter  was 
assisting  her  to  rise,  a  noise,  like  the  snap- 
ping of  a  whip,  was  heard,  followed  by 
one  of  a  similar  character,  and  the  old 
lady  suddenly  sank  to  the  floor.  Upon 
examination  both  thigh  bones  were  found 
to  be  fractured.  There  was  no  abrasion  of 
theskin  or  external  marks  visible.  The 
doctor  states  the  cause  of  the  fractures  to  be 
from  muscular  contraction,  occasioned  by 
long  disuse  of  those  functions,  and  though 
a  similar  case  has  never  come  under  his 
immediate  observation,  it  is  a  matter  of 
record  that  such  cases  have  been  known, 
but  they  are  extremely  rare. — Boston  Trans- 
cript. 

Foreign  Substances  in  Living  Flesh. 
Mr.  J.  W.  Baughman  of  Baltimore,  Md., 
writes  that  a  lady  recently  ran  a  needle  in- 
to her  flesh,  about  three  inches  above  the 
knee,  breaking  it  off  under  the  skin.  She 
preferred  to  risk  the  consequences  rather 
than  to  have  it  extracted  by  a  doctor.  Mr. 
Baughman  thought  of  using  a  magnet,  and 
applied  one  of  the  horseshoe  shape,  8 
inches  in  length.  She  wore  it  for  two 
days,  more  or  less,  and  then  found  the 
point  end  of  the  needle  protruding  from 
the  skin,  one  inch  from  where  it  entered. 
The  needle  was  easily  removed.  Our  cor- 
respondent is  curious  to  know  how  the 
needle  could  come  to  the  surface  point 
upward,  having  thus  turned  round  in  a 
space  less  than  its  own  length,  which  was 
1 1-16  inches,  and  he  suggests  that  the 
muscles  may  have  turned  it  about. 

Protruding  Teeth. — A  child's  teeth  may 
be  gradually  pressed  into  proper  shape  by 
the  application  of  a  rubber  band,  which 
any  first-class  dentist  can  put  on  and  at- 
tend to-at  intervals.  That  any  child  should 
be  doomed  to  go  through  life  with  ugly, 
misshapen  teeth,  is  but  too  common  a 
fault  of  parents,  whose  omission  of  duty 
in  such  matters  is  something  a  child,  in 
maturer  years,  finds  hard  to  forgive.  Sci- 
ence and  art  have  advanced  to  such  a  de- 
gree in  the  present  age  that  excuse  for 
physical  deformities  of  any  sort,  to  be  al- 
lowed to  become  prominent,is  only  another 
name  for  gross,  unpardonable  careless- 
ness.— Herald  of  Health. 

Nose-Shaper. — Those  who  are  cursed 
with  an  ill-formed  nose,  can  now,  accord- 
cording  to  the  London  Court  Journal,  have 
it  "  quickly  shaped  to  perfection"  for  the 
ridiculously  small  sum  of  ten  shillings  and 
sixpence.  A  contrivance  has,  it  seems, 
been  patented  by  an  enterprising  London 
tradesman  which,  "if  applied  to  the  nose 
for  an  hour  daily,"  so  "  directs  the  soft 
cartilage  of  which  the  member  consists," 
that  the  ugliest  proboscis  in  creation,  be- 
comes "  in  a  few  days"  a  nose  worthy  to 
figure  upon  a  chef  d'muvre  of  Phidias. 

Poisoning  by  Mercury. — Dr.  Melsens 
of  Brussels  has  found  potassium  iodide  to 
be  a  preventive  of  poisoning  by  mercury, 
as  it  conducts  off  the  mercury  in  a  soluble 
condition  in  the  urine.  He  recommends 
that  the  workmen  be  given  wine  containing 
iodine  before  and  during  their  work  not 
as  a  medioine,  but  as  a  pleasant  refreshing 
drink. — Revue  Vnirerselle. 


168 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  16,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Skniob  Editob. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  PvLblisliers. 

A.  T.  DEWEY,                                                                      OI10'  »•  ETKONO, 
W.  B.  EWEB,  JHO.  I..  BOOSE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s.      

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advebtising  Kates—  1  werJc.  lmonth.    3  months.   lj» 

Perline  25  .80  $2.00         $5.00 

One-halftach $1.00        $3.00  7.50         20.00 

One  Inch 2.00         5.00  14.00         38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
readme  notices,  legal  advertisements,  noticeB  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rateB. 

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names  or  more,  $3  »ach  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  IX  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3a7;  G  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
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tisements at  special  rates.  

Hau  Franoleoo: 

Saturday  Morning,  Mar.  16,  1872. 


Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 
San  Fbanciboo,    "Wednesday,  March  13,  1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying  91!i;  selling,  91Si.    Sold  in  New  Tort 
to-day,  110S5.        

Table  of  Contents. 

EnrroBiALS.— The  Proposed  New  Land  Policy;  Mining 
Discoveries;  Too  Wet  to  Plow:  Buy  the  Right 
Fruit,  161.  Loss  of  Quicksilver;  Mining  Accidents; 
The  Paul  Process,  168.    New  Incorporations,  169. 

tllustbations..— Wright'6  Improved  Saw  Gauge,  161. 
Bozeman  City,  Gallatin  County,  Montana,  169. 

Mechanical  Pbogbess.— Contact  of  Belts  with  Pulleys; 
German  Prizes  for  Improvements;  Steel-Headed  vs. 
Steel  Rails;  Hooping  Boiler  Flues;  Conveying  Power 
Over  Telegraph  Poles,  163. 

Scientific  Pbogbess.— Do  Plants  Derive  their  Carbon 
From  the  Earth;  Rupture  of  Iron  Wire  by  a  Blow; 
On  the  Molting  and  Regelation  of  Ice;  Temperature 
of  the  Sun;  Manufacture  of  Brandy  from  Sawdust; 
Sulphide  of  Bismuth,  163. 

Mining  SuacMABY.-vReports  from  Mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Markets. 
Etc.,  164-5.  .      . 

Useful  Infobmation.— Wonderful  Remains  of  Ancient 
Iron  Workers;  The  Telegraph  as  an  Errand  Boy;  How 
to  Shave,  167.  . 

Good  Health. -A  Man  With  a  Watch  Key  in  His 
Lungs;  Skin  Grafting;  The  Right  and  Left  Hand;  A 
Case  for  the  Doctors;  Hygienic  Application  of  the 
Spectroscope;  Scarlet  Fever  Non-Contagious;  Foreign 
Substances  in  Living  Flesh;  Protruding  Teeth,  167. 

Domestic  Economy. — Wood  Fire;  Italian  Chicken  Salad; 
Look  Most  to  Your  Spending;  Preserved  Meats;  Bean 
Soup;  To  Make  Bread  From  Flour  that  Runs;  Good 
Advice;  Chicken  Jelly.  Mechanical  Hints  -  How  to 
Use  Grindstones;  Brown  Tint  for  Iron  and  Steel;  To 
Draw  a  Curve,  171. 

Miscellaneous.— Continuation  of  Veins  in  Depth; 
Mining  Investments;  Sewing  Machine,  162.  Lemons 
and  Sheep;  The  Wing  of  the  Locust;  The  Hunt  & 
Douglas  Process  for  the  Extraction  of  Copper  from 
its  Ores— No.  4;  Stock  Grazing  ou  the  Plains,  166. 


Loss  of  Quicksilver. 


Ore  Sampled. — J.  W.  Thurman,  413  and 
415Mission  street,  crushed  and  sampled  the 
following  lots  of  ore  during  the  month  of 
February:  143  and  59  sacks  from  the 
Arizona  mine,  Humboldt  Dist. ;  105  from 
the  Sheba,  same  district;  2,100  and  160 
sacks  of  copper  ore  from  Battle  Moun- 
tain, Nev.;  499  sacks  of  copper  ore  from 
Salt  Lake;  826  sacks  of  antimony  from 
Mill  City,  and  145  sacks  of  silver  from 
Prettaott  Dist.  The  whole  amount  sampled 
was  4,037  sacks. 


Eureka  Consolidated.— The  recent  de- 
velopment in  the  Eureka  Consolidated 
mine  is  said  to  be  something  wonderful. 
A  dispatch  dated  the  9th  iust.  says  that  no 
adequate  conception  can  be  formed  of  the 
number  of  tons  in  sight,  and  that  it  looks 
as  if  the  vein  could  be  worked  for  years 
without  having  to  stop  either  furnace  or 
mill. 


Another  Baritt. — A  genuine  musk  deer 
(moschus  moscMferous),  from  the  East  In- 
dies is  the  latest  novelty  added  to  "Wood- 
ward's Gardens.  Although  it  resembles 
the  ordinary  deer  it  is  not  larger  than  a 
hare.  It  is  from  the  male  of  these  ani- 
mals that  the  celebrated  perfume,  so  much 
admired  by  some  perverted  tastes  is  de- 
rived. 

♦-»—^a». .—  t 

Bumor. — The  Plumas  County  National 
says  it  is  rumored  that  Parrot  &  Co.  have 
disposed  of  the  Eureka  Mining  property 
to  an  English  company  for  81,750,000. 

Hon.  A.  A.  Sargent,  and  Jas.  S.  Grin- 
nell,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Patent  Office,  have 
our  thanks  for  documents  received. 


Prof.  Sillisian  is  on  his  way  to  Cali- 
fornia. 


In  treating  roasted  silver  ores  in  pans,  a 
great  loss  of  quicksilver  is  found  to  be  the 
result  of  amalgamation.  Three  pounds 
to  the  ton  of  ore  is  generally  admitted,  but 
when  it  is  above  three  nobody  likes  to  let 
it  be  known.  There  has  been  a  disoussion  in 
the  papers  as  to  whether  the  loss  of  mer- 
cury should  be  expressed  relatively  to  the 
amount  of  silver  obtained,  or  to  ton  of  ore. 
It  seems  to  be  immaterial  to  which  of  these 
two  ways  the  preference  is  given,  as  none 
indicates  the  nature  or  the  reason  of  the 
loss.  Neither  is  the  chemical  loss  more 
important  than  the  mechanical.  If,  for 
instance  it  were  stated  one  pound  of  mer- 
cury is  lost  to  one  pound  -  of  silver,  it 
would  give  not  the  slightest  evidence 
whether  this  loss  is  due  to  defective 
roasting,  to  the  abundance  of  base  metals, 
or  mismanagement  in  amalgamation;  just 
as  if  one  would  say: — "  Odo  pound  of 
mercury  is  lost  to  a  ton  of  ore,"  the  latter 
expression,  however,  is  more  convenient 
and  customary: 

At  a  close  investigation  of  the  amalga- 
mating process  in  pans,  the  question 
arises  whether  or  not  a  real  chemical  loss 
of  quicksilver  occurs;  that  is,  whether  the 
quicksilver,  by  chemical  action,  is  trans- 
formed into  such  a  combination,  that 
when  formed,  it  must  be  considered  irre- 
coverable, a  positive  loss,  as  theoretically 
explained,  with  the  formation  of  calomel 
in  the  patio  amalgamation.  In  examining 
pan  tailingB.also  if  concentrated,  with  the 
greatest  care,  no  calomel  can  be  discov- 
ered, and  if  a  light  gray  powder  is  found, 
under  a  microscope,  it  proves  to  consist 
of  metallic  quicksilver  globules.  This, 
however,  does  not  exclude  the  probability 
of  calomel  being  formed  in  pans  during 
the  amalgamation;  but  it  is  an  important 
fact,  that  if  formed,  the  calomel  dissolves 
in  a  solution  of  salt  and  chlorides,  espe- 
cially in  a  hot  pulp,  as  is  always  the  case 
during  the  amalgamation.  Whether  it 
dissolves  directly  or  indirectly  is  not  the 
question  now;  the  fact  is,  it  does  dissolve, 
and  from  this  solution  metallic  quicksilver 
is  precipitated  by  iron,  copper,  etc. 

It  seems,  therefore,  it  is  the  mechanical 
loss  of  quicksilver  principally,  against 
which  the  millman  has  to  guard  and  to 
strive  to  diminish  it  by  proper  mechani- 
cal arrangements.  Certainly,  ore  contain- 
ing a  great  deal  of  copper,  lead,  antimony, 
etc.,  and  roasted  in  the  ordinary  way,  at- 
tacks the  quicksilver  vigorously  by  chem- 
ical action  causing  a  considerable  loss;  it 
consists  mostly  of  quicksilver  in  a  metal- 
lic but  different  aggregate  condition. 
Very  minute  globules  are  coated  with 
iron,  perhaps  half  amalgamated,  and  there 
seems  .to  be  an  attraction  between  these 
globules,  as  many  of  them  adhere  together 
forming  a  light,  black  substance,  a  kind  of 
poor  amalgam,  containing  iron  and  other 
base  metals.  Its  inconsiderable  weight, 
and  its  dark  color  is  the  reason  of  its 
escaping  notice.  When  a  settler  is  dis- 
charged the  amalgamator  examines  the  tail- 
ings now  and  then  (or  ought  to  do  so,)  by 
washing  it  in  a  cup  or  horn-spoon,  and  his 
attention  is  directed  to  the  quicksilver 
globules  or  scum  that  may  remain,  but  he 
is  sure  to  wash  off  all  of  the  light  black 
amalgam  without  knowing  it,  and  it  seems 
that  this  stuff  is  the  main  source  of  the  loss 
of  mercury. 

The  origin  of  this  amalgam  is  due  to 
different  circumstances,  abundance  of  base 
metals,  the  chlorides  of  which  are  not  de- 
composed in  roasting,  but  more  or  less  of 
this  amalgam  will  be  formed  according  to 
the  treatment  in  pans.  It  willbeincreasedby 
too  much  heat;  125  to  150  degs.  is  sufficient 
for  a  good  amalgamation  of  all  well  roasted 
ore,  but  generally  the  temperature  is  kept 
a  great  deal  higher— up  to  200  degrees  and 
above.  It  increases  the  loss  of  quicksilver, 
partly  in  a  slight  degree  by  evaporation, 
but  principally  by  producing  that  black 


amalgam.  There  are  cases  where  iron 
amalgam  of  white  color  is  obtained  in 
great  quantities;  to  this  I  do  not  refer  now. 
The  black  amalgam  in  question  will  be 
formed  more  or  less  under  almost  any  cir- 
cumstances,also  if  a  tolerable  firm  amalgam 
is  obtained  in  the  strainers,  giving  a  bull- 
ion from  .600  to  .700  fine. 

In  order  to  have  all  dissolved  quicksil- 
ver precipitated,  and  the  base  metal  chlo- 
rides as  much  as  possible  decomposed  (the 
latter  in  absence  of  iron  being  effected 
by  direct  aotion  'of  the  quicksilver,) 
there  must  be  sufficient  iron  (best  is 
wrought  iron)  in  the  pans.  In  many  mills 
it  is  customary  to  amalgamate  the  roasted 
ore  without  grinding.  In  this  case,  espe- 
cially if  rich  ore  is  treated,  all  the  iron  in 
the  pan  is  coated  with  amalgam,  the  sur- 
face of  shoes  and  dies  included,  so  that 
there  is  very  little  chance  left  for  the  dis- 
solved quicksilver  to  oome  in  direct  con- 
tact with  iron.  For  this  reason,  not  to 
consider  other  advantages,  a  grinding  of 
one  hour  or  one  and  a  half,  before  quick- 
silver is  introduced,  is  necessary;  it  offers 
to  each  new  charge  of  ore  a  great  surface 
of  clean  metallic  iron. 

Only  a  small  part  of  the  black  amalgam 
is  saved  by  the  settlers,  the  motion  being 
too  quick  to  allow  a  sinking  of  the  light 
stuff  through  the  pulp;  the  most  of  it  is 
therefore  discharged  with  the  tailings.  In 
this  amalgam  the  iron  does  not  adhere  to 
the  quicksilver  as  if  it  were  real  amalgam, 
but  can  be  separated  by  kmore  friction. 
For  this  purpose,  however,  it  must  be  ob- 
tained in  a  concentrated  condition,  and 
Hendy's  concentrator,  with  a  slight  altera- 
tion, does  the  work  to  satisfaction.  The 
concentrator  requires  proper  care  and  at- 
tention, otherwise  it  is  useless.  From  the  set- 
tlers the  pulp  is  discharged  through  %  inch 
holes  into  the  concentrator,  where  quick- 
silver and  the  black  stuff  is  retained.  The 
concentrated  part  is  then  charged  into  a 
Knox's  or  other  similar  pan,  and  ground 
for  several  hours,  with  not  too  muoh 
water,  and  dilute  after  sufficiently  fine. 

Another  source  of  the  loss  of  quicksilver 
will  be  found  in  retorting  the  amalgam. 
Even  when  a  proper  heat  is  given  to  the 
retort  and  proper  time  allowed,  the  crude 
bullion  will  contain  in  most  cases  2% 
to  3  per  cent,  quicksilver,  and  if  there  is  a 
great  amount  of  lead  in  it,  say  60  to  80  per 
cent.,  the  quicksilver  may  come  up  to  5  per 
cent,  and  more,  even  if  kept  in  a  molten 
state  for  8  hours  in  the  retort.  The  larger 
the  retort  and  the  smaller  the  charge,  the 
more  quioksilver  remains  in  the  bullion. 
An  increase  of  heat  to  light  redness  is  of 
no  avail  and  only  injurious  to  the  restort. 
When  red  hot,  a  retort  is  filled  with  quick- 
silver vapors,  by  which  the  air  was  dis- 
placed; after  10  or  12  hours,  when  no  more 
quicksilver  is  coming,  the  space  remains 
filled  with  vapor,  as  there  is  nothing  to 
drive  it  out.  On  cooling,  the  mercury 
condenses  and  draws  back  into  the  bullion. 
A  round  retort  of  usual  size  contains  about 
3  pounds  of  quicksilver  in  vapor.  The  in- 
troduction of  superheated  air  at  the  end  of 
the  operation,  would  probably  carry  out 
all  thedvapor  of  mercury  and  insure  a  well- 
retorted  bullion.  This  would  be  an  im- 
provement, not  only  on  account  of  saving 
the  quicksilver,  but  because  the  melting 
of  such  bullion  is  injurious  to  the  melter. 
Having  much  bullion  on  hand,  generally 
not  more  than  one  hour  is  given  to  cast  a 
bar.  If,  after  skimming,  a  piece  of  red  hot 
iron  is  held  in  the  crucible  above  the  mol- 
ten silver,  and  in  the  next  moment  with- 
drawn, quicksilver  will  be  seen  swimming 
on  the  water.  The  most  of  the  shipped 
bars  contain  quicksilver. 


Mining  Accidents. 

An  Austrian,  name  unknown,  was  killed 
in  the  Eureka  mine,  Sutter  Creek,  on  the 
1st  inst.  by  the  falling  of  a  large  stick  of 
timber. 

John  McPhee  was  killed  in  the  Silver 
Plume  tunnel  near  Georgetown,  Col.,  a" 
few  weeks  since,  by  a  large  rock  which  fell 
upon  him. 

H.  H.  Chandler  of  Silver  Park  Nye  Co., 
Nev.,  lately  had  his  hand  terribly  mangled 
by  being  caught  in  the  machinery  of  his 
quartz  mill. 

John  Healy  has  had  his  foot  quite  badly 
injured  by  catching  it  between  the  edge  of 
the  cage  and  the  sill  timber  in  the  Belcher 
mine. 

The  Jacksonville  Ledger  says  that  two 
Mexicans  working  on  a  tunnel  near  the 
"Gate"  were  seriously  hurt  by  a  cave  last 
week. 

Wm,  Osborn,  working  in  Gentry  &  Co.'s 
claims  on  Oustomah  Hill,  received  severe 
contusions  and  cuts  on  his  head  while 
running  out  of  a  tunnel  to  get  out  of  the 
way  of  an  expected  rush  of  water  that  had 
been  blocked  up. 

Patrick  Maguire  a  miner  at  work  for  the 
Cherokee  Co.,  in  Butte  county,  was  caved 
upon  in  the  claim  lately  and  his  leg  crushed 
badly. 


A  Montana  Aktist. — The  sketch,  from  which 
our  engraving  of  Bozeman  City  was  engraved, 
was  made  by  John  Erikson,  Esq.,  of  that 
place,  a  young  artist  of  much  promise.  It  is 
pronounced  by  Montanians  now  in  this  city, 
an  excellent  representation  of  the  metropolis 
of  Eastern  Montana. 


The  Paul  Process. — In  another  column 
will  be  found  some  certificates  from  parties 
who  have  had  practical  experience  with 
Mr.  A.  B.  Paul's  dry  amalgamating  pro- 
cess, and  who  speak  very  highly  of  the  re- 
sults attained  by  its  use.  We  have  had 
the  pleasure  of  conversing  with  Mr. 
Smyth,  Supt.  of  Sprague  &  Co.s'  mill,  on 
the  subject  of  this  process,  and  he  assures 
us  that  after  the  experiments  made  under 
his  personal  supervision,  he  has  no  doubt 
but  that  it  will  entirely  supercede  the  old 
system  of  par  amalgamation.  We  have 
given  before  a  detailed  account  of  the  pro- 
cess and  at  that  time  were  satisfied  that 
the  plan  would  be  a  success.  Mr.  Paul 
has  labored  assiduously  in  perfecting  the 
mechanical  detail  connected  with  the 
machinery,  and  is  now  reaping  the  reward 
of  his  perseverance.  He  is  now  construct- 
ing a  new  mill  to  go  to  Calaveras  county. 
Miners  and  mill  men  will  do  well  to  read 
the  certificates  above  alluded  to,  for  the 
system  has  most  certainly  given  new  life 
to  Dun  Glen,  where  it  has  been  in  prac- 
tical operation  for  some  time.  Any  pro- 
cess that  will  work  ore  as  close  to  fire  as- 
say as  this  does,  must  eventually  come 
into  general  ubo  and  assist  materially  in 
increasing  the  bullion  yield  of  the  coun- 
try. 

The  New  Idria  Mine.-  The  indefatiga- 
ble McGarraham  is  at  it  again.  He  is  still 
pushing  his  claims  before  Congress  and 
we  understand  has  instituted  suit  in  the 
Third  District  Court  at  Monterey,  against 
the  New  Idria  Mining  Co.  for  possession  of 
the  mine  and  its  appurtenances  and  $5,- 
000,000  for  wrongful  attention,  rents, 
profits  etc.  He  has  been  defeated  so  often  in 
his  attempts  on  this  that  any  ordinary 
man  would  have  got  tired  of  it  before 
this,  but  he  seems  determined  not^to  give 
it  np. 

A  Vegetable  CnEiosrre. — It  was  the  Ghram- 
icle,  we  think,  that  a  day  or  two  since  said : 
"  Two  trees  are  pointed  out  to  the  curious  vis- 
itor at  San  Diego  which  grow  with  their  leaves 
in  the  ground  and  their  roots  in  the  air,  a  pe- 
culiar way  which  trees  down  there  probably 
have  of  asserting  and  maintaining  their  inde- 
pendence." 

The  author  of  that  item  didn't  know  much, 
or  he  would  have  given  us  the  true  botanical 
name  of  that  species  of  tree.  The  variety 
growing  in  that  locality,  when  telescopically 
examined  through  the  bottom  of  a  tumbler,  is 
found  to  be  the  obfuscated  ocularium,  of  Lin- 
naeus, or  Whiskied  Intellecticus  of  modern  bot- 
anists. 


The  Colusa  Manufacturing  Company 
have  brought  suit  against  the  Buckeye 
Quicksilver  Mining  Co.  to  recover  §10,000 
damages  for  alleged  breach  of  contract. 


March  16,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


169 


Settlement  and  Development  of  the 
Gallatin  Valley. 

[By  oar  Special  Traveling  Correspondent.] 

"  The  nmoke-wreath  curling  oVr  the  doll, 
Tin-  low—  the  bleat-  the  tinkling  bull, 

All  luariu  a  landscape  strange. 
Which  waa  the  living  chronlou 

Of  deeds  that  wrought  the  change." 

The  Oollatin  Valley,  in  Montana  Territory, 
Is,  next  to  the  Great  Salt  Lake  Valley  Basin, 
the  most  extensive  agricultural  district  of  the 
Koeky  Mountains,  and  ia  in  all  respects  the 
peer  of  the  latter  as  a  farming  country.  Being 
immediately  on  the  Hue  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
ruilmud,  wb>ch  cannot  leave  it  entirely  either 
to  tho  north  or  south,  and  will  probubly  tra- 
verse it  throughout  its  length  of  45  niileB.  It 
is  beginning  to  attract  much  attention  on  the 
Pacific  Coont  and  through  the  Western  States. 
Thorefore  I  am  convinced  I  cannot  use  my  pen 
more  eommendably  than  by  giving  a  history  of 
the  settlement  of  this  interesting  section,  its 
l>ri*fliiit  condition  and  prospects. 

Though  very  properly  termed  tho  "Granary 
of  the  Territory,"  the  GraUatin  Vulley's  present 
developments  are  the  immediate  results  of  and 
wholly  owing  to  gold  mining.  Tho  Pick  made 
way  for  the  Plow.  Little  attention  was  given  to 
agriculture  in  Montana  until  tho  spring  of  1861, 
though    for    two    years    previous  the  mining 


Utah,  they  had  seen  no  region  so  inviting  as  a  field 
for  agricultural  labor,  and  nowhere  a  picture  of 
undeveloped  Nature  so  enchantingly  beautiful 
and  impressively  grand.  There,  all  encompassed 
by  a  single  sweep  of  the  vision,  were  throe 
noble  currents — tho  West  Gallatin,  the  Jeffer- 
son and  the  Madison — pouring  down  to  the 
great  basin  from  opposite  directions  and  wind- 
ing away  with  their  myriad  tributaries,  through 
dense  groves  of  cottonwood,  alder,  ash  and 
willow,  and  tho  most  nutritious  grasses  on  the 
face  of  the  earth,  to  unite  their  waters  whore 
the  flourishing  village  of  Gallatin  City  now 
stands,  and  form  the  second  mightiest  nver  of 
the  Continent. 

The  influence  of  such  a  scene  was  too  strong 
for  even  the  fascinations  of  a  gold-hunter's  life, 
and  projects  of  carving  the  lovely  wild  land- 
scape into  comfortable  homes  happily  succeed- 
ed, in  many  instances,  the  dream  of  making 
fortunes  in  a  day  through  blind  luck.  A  few 
hay  ranchos  were  selected  and  "staked  off"  at 
once — hay  then  being  worth  from  fifty  to 
seventy-five  and  even  a  hundred  dollars  a  ton 
in  the  mines — and  the  locators  hurried  back  to 
the  diggings  to  prepare  to  mako  them  availa- 
ble. And  a  "  Btampede "  for  farms  in  the 
Gallatin  valley  was  next  in  order.  But  it  was 
then  too  late  in  the  season  to  think  of  farming 
in  the  Gallatin  valley  that  year,  though  a  few 
plows  were  improvised  for  the  occasion  and 
some  summer  fallowing  was  done  preparatory 
to  the  next  year's  operations;  and  the  spring 
of  18G4  found  quite  a  colony  settled  around  the 
head  of  the  Missouri,   near  the  mouth  of  the 


ing  McAdow  &,  Co.  were  unable  to  supply  the 
demand  for  lumber,  erected  other  saw-mills  in 
different  parts  of  the  valley,  the  same  year. 
And  in  the  summer  of  18tiG,  the  capacity  of  the 
two  grist-mills  being  found  inadequate  to  meet 
the  increasing  demand  of  the  wheat^growers, 
Captain  Reuben  Foster  commenced  the  erection 
of  the  Union  Mills,  at  Spring  Hill,  about  lo 
miles  north  of  Bozoman — a  two-story  edifice 
capable  of  turning  out  fifteen  thousand  pounds 
of  flour  a  day — and  the  next  fall  had  it  in  suc- 
cessful operation.  Your  correspondent  paid 
the  Union  Mills  a  visit,  and  miiBt  admit  that  it 
is  tho  most  complete  flouring  establishment  he 
entered  in  his  extensive  tour  through  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Under  the  management  of  its 
present  enterprising  and  efficient  proprietor, 
Andrew  Pierstorif,  Esq.,  its  trade-murk  hold  its 
own  with  tho  world-famed  St.  Louis  brands — 
which,  in  fact,  the  home  productions  have 
almost  entirely  driven  from  the  local  markets. 
Churches  and  Schools. 
With  the  true  spirit  of  the  American  pioneer, 
the  early  settlers  of  the  Gallatin  valley,  not- 
withstanding their  exciting  race  for  material 
prosperity,  evor  kept  moral  agencies  in  view, 
and  the  church  and  school  received  thoir  first 
attention  as  soon  as  the  family  hearth-stones 
had  been  securely  laid.  Thenceforward  immi- 
gration, still  increasing,  was  made  up  largely 
uf  families,  so  that  by  the  fall  of  180G  the  popu- 
lation and  wealth  of  Gallatin  county — now 
regularly  organized — made  her  a  power  in  the 
Territorial  Legislature  and  in  general  business 
circles,  and  the  Gallatin  valley  was  universally 


Cloud  was  really  coming.  As  it  was,  the  effect 
was  disastrous  enough  ;  business,  in  all  its 
branches,  was  paralyzed,  and  those  having 
families  abandoned  their  homesteads  and  fled 
for  their  lives.  The  call  of  the  executive  for 
troops  was  responded  to  promptly  and  with 
enthusiasm  in  all  parts  of  the  Territory,  but  for 
a  while  it  was  feared  tho  protective  movement 
would  utterly  fail  and  the  valley  be  given  over 
to  rapine  and  destruction,  owing  to  the  general 
unwillingness  on  the  part  of  the  merchants  to 
advance  supplies.  At  this  critical  juncture  it 
was  that  Col.  Leauder  Black,  a  capitalist  of 
rare  sagacity  and  enterprise,  and  a  humanita- 
rian in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  word,  came 
forward  and  made  himself  the  savior  of  eastern 
Montana. 

Our  Illustration. 
The  surveyors  have  been  through  the  pass 
shown  at  the  right  of  our  cut  and  it  is  consider- 
ed the  best  route  for  the  Northern  Pacific  R.  R. 
The  mountains  iu  tho  vicinity  of  the  town  are 
rough  and  precipitous,  but  the  valley  is  covered 
with  fields  of  grain.  At  the  mouth  of  the  pass 
is  situated  Fort  Ellis,  erected  there  some  time 
since.  The  buildings  are  substantial,  the  lum- 
ber from  which  most  of  them  are  built  being 
abundant  near  by.  The  flour  mill  is  seen  a 
short  distance  this  side  of  the  mouutains.  Be- 
sides the  hotels,  which  may  be  recognized,  tho 
stores  and  public  buildiugs  are  on  Main  street. 
The  residence  of  Col.  Black,  on  Black  street, 
is  the  house  surrounded  by  trees,  in  front  of 


BOZEMAN    CITY,    GALLATIN    COUNTY,    MONTANA, 


world  had  been  in  a  blaze  of  excitement  over 
the  fabulous  gold  discoveries  reported  from  the 
Upper  Missouri,  during  whieh  time  gold-hunt- 
ers had  been  flocking  to  the  new  El  Dorado 
by  thousands.  But  among  them  all  there  was 
probably  not  one  who  intended  or  expected  to  till 
the  soil;  in  the  wild  pell-mell  practical  thoughts 
and  calculations  were  unknown;  they  had  come 
to  dig  out  a  certain  quantity  of  gold,  which  they 
would  return  to  enjoy.  Four  aeres  of  potatoes 
yielding  ordinarily  well,  would  have  brought 
them  at  that  time,  the  snug  sum  of  six  thou- 
sand dollars;  and  an  extraordinary  yield,  such 
as  is  not  unusual  in  the  Gallatin  Valley  at  this 
time,  would  have  netted  double  that  amount. 
Freight  from  Salt  Lake  City  ranged  from  $15 
to  $30  a  hundred,  and  potatoes,  cabbages,  tur- 
nips, etc.,  found  a  readv  market  in  the  new 
diggings  at  from  25  to  40  cents  a  pound.  But 
no  one  thought  of  raising  a  crop,  though  hun- 
dreds were  toiling  from  daylight  to  dark  in  the 
mines. 

The  Earliest  Prospectors. 
The  discovery  of  the  rich  placers  of  Alder 
Gulch,  late  in  the  fall  of  1862 — the  most  con- 
tinuousplacer  deposits  ever  developed — brought 
the  restless  tide  further  north  and  within  a  day's 
ride  of  Gallatin  Valley.  It  and  all  the  adjacent 
country  was  over-run  with  prospectors  early 
the  next  spring.  We  may  well  believe  these 
fortune-seekers  were  intoxicated  with  delight 
as  they  reined  in  their  "broncos"  on  the  high 
tablelands,  from  which  they  had  their  first  view 
of  the  Gallatin  Basin,  more  especially  as  their 
travels,  so  far,  had  been  over  rugged  ridges  and 
across  contracted  creek  bottoms  scarcely  exfcen- 
sive  enough  for  a  California  farmer's  calf  pas- 
ture. Below  them,  stretching  away  to  the 
north,  the  east  and  the  west,  and  all  in  plain 
view  through  the  clear,  pure  mountain  air,  was 
over  half  a  million  acres  of  ranky  grassed  valley 
land, — in  gentle  undulations  it  rolled  on  and  on 
to  the  distant  mountain  walls.  Since  descending 
the  summits  that  overlook  the  central  plains  of 


Gallatin,  Jefferson  and  Madison  rivers,  and  al 
few  farms  were  also  being  opened  in  the  upper| 
part  of  the  basin,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present 
site  of  the  vigorous  young  city  of  Bozeman — 
now  outstripping  all  competitors  in  the  race  for 
commercial  supremacy.  Of  course  there  have 
been  special  causes  to  accelerate  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Gallatin  valley;  but  without  such 
special  agencies  her  progress  would  have  been 
steady  and  healthy,  for  richness  and  extent  of 
soil,  desirability  of  climate,  unexcelled  facilities 
of  water-power,  and  forests  of  noble  timber, 
are  among  her  natural  advantages.  My  task 
would  not  be  fully  performed,  however,  if  I 
omitted  to  notice  the  more  prominent  influences 
which  have  contributed  so  much  to  her]  wealth 
and  prosperity. 

Flour  Mills. 

In  the  summer  or  fall  of  1864,  the  indefatiga- 
ble Perry  W.  McAdow,  with  his  mining  partner, 
Thomas  Couver,  now  engaged  in  agriculture  in 
Los  Angeles  county,  California,  located  a  site 
for  a  grist-mill  in  the  upper  part  of  the  valley, 
and  had  the  necessary  machinery  on  the  road 
soon  after.  This  gave  an  impetus  to  the  settle- 
ment of  Gallatin  valley,  just  'when  such  en- 
couragement was  needed,  and  the  smoke  from 
a  score  of  new  farm-houses  was  curling  to  the 
sky  within  sight  of  the  pioneer  grist-mill  before 
its  burrs  had  made  a  single  revolution.  In  the 
meantime  the  energetic  Wilson  brothers  had^ 
begun  the  erection  of  a  large  grist-mill  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  valley,  at  Gallatin  City,  35 
miles  below  the  scene  of  McAdow  &  Co.'s  en- 
terprise, which  equally  stimulated  settlement 
and  development  in  that  nortion  of  the  Gallatin 
basin.  Then  McAdow  &  Co.,  believing  the 
Gallatin  valley  destined  to  become  one  of  the 
most  populous  farming  sections  of  the  great 
West,  (a  hope  now  fully  realized)  still  further 
manifested  their  confidence  in  its  future  by  the 
erection  of  a  saw-mill,  which  speedily  did  away 
with  the  "whip-sawing"  method. 

John  Auld,  J.  J.  Tomlinson  and  others,  see' 


admitted  to  be  one  of  the  safest  fields  for  per- 
manent investment. 

Indian  Troubles. 

But,  as  might  have  been  expected,  some 
adverse  clouds  shadowed  our  infant  empire. 
To  the  eastward,  just  beyond  the  dividing  range 
between  the  Yellowstone  and  the  Gallatin,  was 
the  fierce  and  powerful  Crow  tribe  of  Indians 
— since,  under  a  benign  and  wise  policy  on  the 
part  of  the  general  government,  elevated  to 
semi-civilization — and  their  depredations^  were 
very  frequent.  And  danger  was  more  immi- 
nent in  the  upper  part  of  the  valley — the  most 
populous  section— from  the  fact  that  Bozeman 
Citv  is  located  in  the  very  mouth  of  a  low  pass 
leading  to  the  Yellowstone  valley,  as  our  cut 
shows,  which  can  be  traveled  by  any  mode, 
winter  and  summer;  consequently  the  majority 
of  the  settlers  were  kept  in  a  state  of  constant 
uneasiness  and  alarm,  knowing  that  any  hour 
an  incursion  in  force  might  take  place,  the  re- 
sult of  which  would  certainly  have  been  massa- 
cre and  destruction  of  property  throughout  the 
settlements. 

This  perilous  state  of  affairs  continued  until 
the  spring  of  1866,  when  Col.  John  Bozeman— 
in  whose  honor  the  metropolis  of  eastern  Mon- 
tana was  named— was  horribly  murdered  by 
Indians  within  a  day's  ride  of  the  settlements, 
and  another  prominent  citizen  who  was  with 
him,  made  a  hair-breadth  escane.  The  sur- 
vivor's horse  was  not  yet  cool  after  his^ arrival 
at  Bozeman,  when  reliable  scouts  came  in  with 
the  alarming  news  that  the  ferocious  Red  Cloud 
and  his  blood- thirsting  followers  were  marching 
on  the  settlements  with  the  intention  of  murder- 
ing all  the  whites,  running  off  their  stock,  and 
giving  fto  the  flames  all  their  improvements. 
And  that  these  fearful  threats  would  have  been 
carried  into  execution,  had  it  not  been  for  the 
protective  measures  immediately  inaugurated 
by  acting  Governor  Thomas  Francis  Meagher, 
there  cannot  be  the  slightest  doubt,  for  Red 


which  stands  a  horse  and  buggy.        w.  h.  m. 

(To  be  continued  with  other  Illustrations.) 

m   1     ^>     ■    ■ ' 

New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

St.  John  M.  Co.— Mar.  9.  Location:  New 
El  Dorado  Mining  District,  Kern  county.  Cap- 
ital stock  $600,000,  divided  into  6,000  shares. 
Trustees:  Joseph  Badger,  F.  A.  MacDougall, 
J.  P.  Newmark,  Joseph  Clark  and  A.  T. 
Swart. 

San  Feancisco  Lake  Watee  Co.— March  12. 
Capital  stock,  $3,500,000,  in  35,000  shares. 
Trustees:  Peter  Donahue,  Nicholas  G.  Kittle, 
John  P.  Jackson  and  F.  D.  Atherton.  Place  of 
business;  San  Francisco. 

Peimbose  G.  M.  Co.— March  12.  Location: 
Sierra  county.  Capital  stock,  $2,400,000,  in 
24,000 shares.  Trustees:  S.  Steinhardt,  George 
F.  Sharp,  Philip  Falk,  Wm.  Seligsberg,  and  A. 
J.  Bryant. 

Puebla  G.  S.  M.  Co.— March  12.  Location: 
Hot  Spring  District,  Humboldt  county.Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares; 
place  of  business  San  Francisco.  Trustees: 
A.  Hemme,  James  C.  Weir,  and  James  Blake. 

Geovee  M.  and  M.  Co.— March  12.  Lex:a- 
cation:  Drytown,  Amador  county,  Cal.  Capital 
stock,  $1,000,000,  in  20,000  shares;  place  of 
business,  San  Francisco.  Trustees:  Cyrus  Wil- 
son, John  S.  Wilson  and  T.  Ashby. 

Pacific  Box  Mandtactubing  Co.— March  12. 
Capital  stock,  $200,000  in  4.000  shares.  Trus- 
tees: Howard  Chapman,  L.  L.  Eobertson,  B.F. 
Barstow,  James  L.  Blaikie,  C.  J.  Cousin;  place 
of  business,  San  Francisco. 

The  rainfall  in  this  'city  up  to  Tuesday 
noon  last,  was!33.23  inches. 


170 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  16,  1872. 


JOMESTIC    ECONOMY. 


Wood  Fires. 

We  often  wonder  why  in  an  age  abound- 
ing in  inventions  for  household  comfort, 
the  oldest  and  best  of  all— the  wood  fire  on 
the  hearth  —has  almost  disappered.  It  can- 
not be  on  the  ground  of  its  greater  ex- 
pense, for  that  it  is  but  a  trifle  compared 
to  luxuries  we  see  everywhere.  Scrupu- 
lous housewives,  we  believe,  object  to  it 
as  untidy.  But  from  such  pharisaic  re- 
gard for  the  outside  of  the  cup  and  platter 
may  we  be  delivered  ?  Now,  in  the  first 
place,  nothing  keeps  the  air  of  a  room  so 
fresh  and  sweet  as  an  open  wood  fire.  Its 
advantages  in  point  of  healthfulness  over 
ordinary  ways  of  warming  is  immense. 
For  a  room  of  ordinary  size  in  this  climate 
it  gives  amply  sufficient  heat.  And  what 
a  wonderful  promoter  of  cheerfulness  it  is  ? 
It  is  as  much  better  than  the  open  coal  fire 
as  that  is  better  than  the  black  hole  in  the 
floor  called  a  register.  Its  voice,  as  its 
purrs  and  crackles  and  roars,  is  enough  to 
drive  away  the  worst  fit  of  the  blues.  Its 
mounting  flames  give  the  cheeriest  light 
in  the  world.  The  depths  of  its  glowing 
coals  continually  allure  and  charm  the  eye. 
There  are  are  not  many  human  beings  who 
are  as  good  company  for  every  mood.  Af- 
the  day's  work  and  fret  it  brings  calm  and 
cheer.  It  wiles  away  ail  troubling 
thoughts.  If  •  the  mind  is  at  work,  its 
unobtrusive  companionship  soothes  and 
aids.  When  one  is  weary,  he  may  find 
restful  occupation  in  watching  the  freaks 
of  the  flames,  and  listening  to  their  change- 
ful voice.  It  brightens  people  and  brings 
them  together.  To  what  scenes  of  friend- 
ship and  social  enjoyment  does  it  lend  a 
unique  charm !  It  is  the  luxury  of  luxu- 
ries, a  thing  without  which  life  is  incom- 
plete.— Beecher. 

Italian  Chicken  Salad. — Make  a  dress- 
ing in  the  proportion  of  the  yolks  of  three 
hard  boiled  eggs,  rubbed  fine,  one  salt 
spoonful  of  salt,  one  of  mustard  and  one 
of  cayenne  pepper,  one  of  white  sugar,  four 
table  spoonfuls  of  salad  oil,  and  two  table 
spoonfuls  of  vinegar.  Simmer  this  dress- 
ing over  the  fire,  but  don't  let  it  boil.  Stir 
constantly  while  over  the  fire.  Then  take 
a  sufficient  quantity  of  the  white  meat  of 
cold  chicken  for  this  quantity  of  dressing 
or  increase  in  this  proportion  to  the  de- 
sired quantity;  pull  the  white  meat  into 
small  flakes,  pile  it  up  in  a  dish  and  pour 
the  dressing  on  it.  Take  two  heads  of  fine, 
fresh  lettuce  that  have  been  washed  and 
laid  in  water,  take  out  the  best  part,  cut 
it  up  and  arrange  in  a  heap  or  around  the 
chicken,  heaped  in  the  middle  of  the  dish, 
and  on  the  top  of  this  ridge  place  the 
white  of  eggs,  cut  in  rings,  and  laid  in 
the  form  of  a  chain.  A  portion  of  the 
lettuce  to  be  helped  with  each  plate  of 
chicken. 


Look  Most  to  Your  Spending. — No 
matter  what  comes  in,  if  more  goes  out, 
you  will  always  be  poor.  The  art  is  not 
in  making  money,  but  in  keeping  it;  little 
expenses,  like  mice  in  a  barn,  when  they 
are  many,  make  great  waste.  Hair  by  hair, 
heads  get  bald;  straw  by  straw  the  thatch 
goes  off  the  cottage;  and  drop  by  drop,  the 
rain  comes  in  the  chamber.  A  barrel  is 
soon  empty,  if  the  tap  leaks  but  a  drop 
a  minute.  When  you  mean  to  save, 
begin  with  your  mouth;  there  are  many 
thieves  down  the  red  lane.  The  ale  jug  is 
a  great  waste.  In  all  other  things  keep 
within  compass.  Never  stretch  your  legs 
farther  than  the  blankets  willreach,  or  you 
will  soon  be  cold.  In  clothes,  choose  suit- 
able and  lasting  stuff,  and  not  tawdry  finer- 
ies. To  be  warm  is  the  main  thing;  never 
mind  the  looks.  A  fool  may  make  money, 
but  it  needs  a  wise  man  to  spend  it.  Re- 
member it  is  easier  to  build  two  chimneys 
than  to  keep  one  going.  If  you  give  all 
to  back  and  board,  there  is  nothing  left 
for  the  savings-bank.  Fare  hard  and  work 
hard  while  you  are  young,  and  you  will 
have  a  chance  to  rest  when  you  are  old. 


A  Retired  Baker's  Receipt  eor  Bread. 
Take  an  earthen  vessel  larger  at  the  top 
than  at  the  bottom,  put  in  one  pint  of  warni 
water,  one  and  a  half  pounds  of  flour,  and 
a  half  pint  malt  yeast;  mix  well  together 
and  set  away  in  a  warm  place  until  it  raises 
and  falls  again,  which  will  be  in  from  three 
to  five  hours.  Then  put  two  large  spoon- 
fuls of  salt  into  two  quarts  of  water  and 
mix  with  the  above  rising;  then  put  in 
about  nine  pounds  of  flour  and  work  it  well ; 
let  it  rise  until  night;  then  make  it  into 
loaves.  New  and  runny  flour  requires  one- 
fourth  more  salt  than  old  and  dry  flour. 
Bake  as  soon  as  light. 


Preserved  Meats. 


The  Victoria  Meat  Preserving  Company 
(Limited),  of  Melbourne,  has  succeeded 
in  overcoming  the  difficulty  which  has 
hitherto  been  experienced  in  importing 
uncooked  meat  from  the  colonies  to  this 
country  in  such  a  state  as  to  render  it  both 
wholesome  andpalatablefood.  Their  pro- 
cess is  very  simple.  The  meat  is  first 
slightly  corned,  then  packed  in  a  tin  case, 
after  which  melted  fat  is  poured  over  it, 
and,  the  interstices  being  filled  up,,  a  tin 
lid  is  soldered  down — thus  effectually  ex- 
cluding air  and  preventing  decomposition. 
The  cooked  meats  of  the  same  company 
are  also  particularly  worthy  of  commenda- 
tion. A  prejudice  has  been  long  existent 
against  Australian  preserved  meats— and 
not  altogether  without  reason,  for  hitherto 
they  have  been  sodden  and  "done  to  rags;" 
but  we  are  enabled  to  testify  that  the  sam- 
ples now  supplied  are  not  overdone,  and 
consequently  retain  all  the  nutritious  prop- 
erties of  freshly-cooked  meat,  and  are 
equally  agreeable  to  the  eye  as  they  are 
grateful  to  the  palate.  The  fat  (by  which, 
as  a  rule,  meat  may  be  fairly  judged)  is 
not  melted  into  tallow,  as  is  usually  the 
case,  but  is  sweet  and  good;  whilst  the 
jelly  within  bespeaks  the  quality  of  the 
flesh  which  it  surrounds.  The  meat  is 
packed  in  various  convenient-sized  tins, 
and  is  supplied  to  the  trade  at  a  cheap  rate. 
Taking  into  consideration  that  the  meats 
are  boneless  and  already  cooked,  consum- 
ers are  enabled  to  effect  a  saving  of  nearly 
50  per  cent,  as  againsted butcher's  meat,  and 
with  this  inducement  to  purchasers,  a  lit- 
tle effort  on  the  part  of  retailers  is  all  that 
is  required  to  remove  the  objection  to  this 
class  of  food,  and  not  only  would  the  pub- 
lic be  supplied  with  a  most  wholesome  ar- 
ticle of  diet,  but  a  profitable  trade  might 
also  be  firmly  established. 

To  Make  Bread  From  Flour  that  Runs. 
Put  what  flour  you  need  in  your  pan,  and 
pour  enough  boiling  water  over  to  just  wet 
all  of  it,  but  not  to  make  it  thin;  sprinkle 
in  a  teaspoonful  of  salt  and  a  spoonful  of 
butter;  stir  it  up  with  a  large  wooden 
spoon  until  sure  that  all  the  flour  is  scald- 
ed; then  cover,  and  let  it  stand  till  cool 
enough  to  add  the  yeast.  So  that  the  yeast 
is  sweet  and  lively,  you  can  use  any  kind 
you  prefer — bakers'  or  home-made.  When 
the  flour  is  sufficiently  cool  clear  to  the 
bottom  add  your  yeast,  and  give  the  whole 
mass  a  faithful  kneading,  adding  more 
tepid  milk  or  water,  if  needed.  Knead  till 
the  dough  cleans  from  your  hands  easily; 
then  set  to  rise.  When  very  light,  knead 
again,  put  into  the  pans,  and  leave  it  to 
rise  once  more;  then  bake  as  directed 
above.  By  this  method  "  running  "  flour 
can  often  be  conquered,  and  bread  thus 
scalded  will  be  found  uncommonly  sweet 
and  tender. 


Bean  Soup. — With  all  thy  dinner  get- 
ting get  soup.  Get  into  the  habit  of 
having  it.  Soup  is  to  a  dinner  what  an 
anthem  is  to  a  divine  service.  It  is  not 
half  the  trouble  that  inexperienced  house- 
keepers imagine  it  may  be.  Only  a  little 
is  required  on  which  to  begin  a  dinner. 
When  once  in  the  way  of  having  it,  regu- 
larly, you  will  appreciate  the  convenience 
of  soup  stock,  and  value  it  equally  with 
prepared  fruits.  To  make  bean  soup, 
clean  the  beans  over  night,  pour  boiling 
water  over  ■  them  and  let  them  stand  until 
morning.  Then  place  in  plenty  of  fresh 
water  and  put  over  the  fire;  add  a  small 
piece  of  corned  beef  with  half  as  much 
pork;  cover  tight  and  skim  as  needed. 
When  the  beans  are  partially  cooked,  add 
sliced  carrot,  parsley,  celery  and  pepper ; 
boil  slowly  until  done;  strain  into  tureen 
and  cover. — Moore's  Rural. 


Cautionary. — We  should  let  our  water 
pipes  run  a  minute  before  we  take  water  to 
drink,  or  use  for  cooking  in  the  morning; 
and  in  going  into  a  new  house,  or  into  one 
in  which  water  pipes  have  been  just  placed, 
it  is  better  not  to  use  the  water  for  drink- 
ing or  cooking  for  at  least  a  month.  And 
on  returning  home  after  some  weeks'  ab- 
sence, in  summer  excursions  or  for  other 
reasons,  take  the  same  precautions.  Per- 
haps in  these  things  we  find  the  reason  of 
some  persons  sickening  and  dying  just 
after  getting  into  new  houses. 

Raised  Crust  for  Pies. — Some  persons 
cannot  eat  rich  pastry,  and  for  their  benefit 
I  will  give  a  plain  recipe.  Take  one  pound 
of  flour,  three  ounces  of  butter,  one  table- 
spoonful  good  yeast,  and  milk  to  form  a 
dough.  Rub  the  butter  in  flour,  add  the 
milk  and  yeast,  and  set  to  rise.  When 
light,  roll  out  pretty  thin,  and  line  the 
plates.  Put  in  the  fruit,  roll  out  the  cov- 
er, and  set  the  pies  in  a  quick  oven.  This 
makes  a  good  crust. 


Good  Advice. 

Many  good  people  are  much  troubled  by 
the  multiplicity  of  duties,  especially  in 
household  matters.  They  see  so  much  to 
be  done,  that  they  are  ever  in  a  worry  and 
hurry,  and  thus  are  in  danger  of  doing 
nothing  well,  and  also  leaving  many  things 
undone.  In  their  eagerness  to  do  the 
great  things  of  their  calling,  they  are  apt 
to  overlook  what  seems  to  be  the  smaller 
concerns,  which  perhaps  lie  just  at  hand. 
They  are  looking  ahead  and  aloft,  and  pass 
over  what  really  ought  to  be  attended  to, 
and  which,  if  attended  to  and  thus  put  out 
of  the  way,  would  lead  on  naturally  and 
quietly  to  greater  works.  These  little 
things  may  be  indispensable  to  the  accom- 
plishment of  the  greater.  They  may  be 
the  little  stones  which  together  make  up 
the  building.  They  may  be  the  first 
rounds  of  the  ladder,  leading  up  to  loftier 
hights  of  achievment. 

Now  let  such  persons  consider  what  the 
great  German  poet,  Goethe,  said — and  he 
hardly  uttered  a  wiser  one — "Do  the  thing 
that  lies  next  you,"  Be  it  little,  do  it.  It 
may  be  great  in  its  necessary  relation  to 
something  else.  Neglect  not  the  present, 
the  immediate  thing.  The  person  who 
adopts  this  rule  will  do  a  world  of  work 
— a  world  of  good.  He  will  begin  at  home, 
in  his  little  circle,  and  so  branch  out  as 
each  day  gives  new  and,  perhaps,  wider 
opportunities. 

Chicken  Jelly . — For  chicken  jelly,  take 
a  little  chicken,  cut  it  up  into  small  pieces; 
bruise  the  bones  and  put  the  whole  into  a 
stone  jar,  with  a  cover  that  will  make  it 
water-tight.  Set  the  jar  in  a  large  kettle 
of  boiling  water,  and  keep  it  boiling  for 
three  hours.  Then  strain  off  the  liquid, 
and  season  it  slightly  with  salt,  pepper  and 
mace,  or  with  loaf  sugar  and  lemon  juice, 
according  to  the  taste  of  the  person  for 
whom  it  was  intended.  Return  the  frag- 
ments of  the  chicken  to  the  jar,  and  set  it 
again  in  a  kettle  of  boiling  water.  Ton. 
will  find  that  you  can  collect  nearly  as 
much  jelly  by  the  second  boiling.  This 
jelly  may  be  made  of  an  old  fowl. 

To  Kill  Lioe. — In  every  issue  some  one 
is  inquiring  how  to  kill  lice.  Having  had 
six  or  eight  years'  experience  with  lice  on 
human  as  well  as  brute  creation,  I  find 
nothing  like  salt.  Wash  horses,  colts, 
cows  or  calves  with  a  brine  as  strong  as  it 
can  be  made.  It  is  a  dead  sure  shot. — P. 
Green,  Bath,  N.  Y. 


Mechanical  Hints. 

How  to  Use  Grindstones. 

1st. — Don't  waste  the  stone  by  running 
it  in  water;  but  if  you  do,  don't  allow  it  to 
stand  in  water  when  not  in  usa,  as  this 
will  cause  a  soft  place. 

2d. — Wet  the  stone  by  dripping  water  on 
it  from  a  pot  suspended  above  the  stone, 
and  stop  off  the  water  when  not  in  use. 

3d. — Don't  allow  the  stone  to  get  out  of 
order,  but  keep  it  perfectly  round  by  use 
of  gas  pipe,  or  a  hacker. 

4th. — Clean  off  all  greasy  tools  before 
sharpening,  as  grease  or  oil  destroys  the 
grit. 

5th. — Observe:  When  ryou  get  a  stone 
that  suits  your  purpose,  send  a  sample  of 
the  grit  to  the  dealer  to  select  by;  a  half 
ounce  sample  is  enough,  andean  be  sent 
in  a  letter  by  mail. — Fh'anhlin  Journal. 

Brown  Tint  for  Iron  and  Steel. — 
Dissolve  in  four  parts  of  water,  two 
parts  of  crystallized  chlorine  of  iron, 
two  parts  of  chloride  of  antimony  and  one 
part  of  gallic  acid,  and  apply  the  solution 
with  a  sponge  or  cloth  to  the  article, 
and  dry  it  in  the  air.  Repeat  this  any 
number  of  times,  according  to  the  depth  of 
color  which  it  is  desired  to  produce. 
Wash  with  water  and  dry,  and  finally  rub 
the  article  over  with  boiled  linseed  oil. 
The  material  thus  receives  a  brown  tint  and 
resists  moisture.  The  chloride  of  anti- 
mony should  be  as  little  acid  as  possi- 
ble. 


To  Draw  a  Curve. — A  plan  but  little 
known  among  draughtsmen,  and  most  ef- 
ficient for  drawing  fair  curves,  is  the  fol- 
lowing: Cut  a  strip  of  soft  pewter  simi- 
lar to  that  used  for  covering  bar 
counters,  about  one-sixteenth  of  an 
inch  thick,  and  from  one-eighteenth  to 
three-sixteenths  of  an  inch  wide,  the  length 
of  the  longest  curve  required.  Dress  it 
straight,  and  smooth  the  edges  with  a  file. 
By  drawing  the  strip  through  the  closed 
fingers  of  the  left  hand,  or  over  the  thumb, 
a  very  regular  curve  may  be  obtained, 
which  can  be  altered  at  will  till  it  matches 
the  line  to  be  drawn  or  copied.  For  fine 
or  quick  curves  a  slighter  strip  should  be 
used. — Cabinet  Maker. 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


-i  lb 


mm 

Hi 


-.;.,'■ 


■ft    a 


mm 


^^ 


9     ---=! 

*  ■m 

fi         *■■ 

One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  -will  light  up  a  hank  surface  2C0  feet 
in  length  and  ICO  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t Placerville,  Cal. 

The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   314   CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

SAN  FKANOISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

-A.nd.    BLASTING 

'powder, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS,  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Ooldl    3Xe<laIs 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY    for    the    superiority    of    our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 

Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

"  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
maud  for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits, 

They  are  constructed  bo  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  deBired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows. 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  aregularflow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated, 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact  with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 

AMBLER'S  BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Roasting    Rebellious    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  sulphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  ScrENTnrrc  Press  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONROE    THOMSON, 

At  444  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  6v23-3m 


GOLD-SAVING 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamating  Plates 

FOR   MINERS   AND    MILL   MEN, 

At  San  Francisco  Plating  "Works,  655  Mission 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Goods  of  every  description  Plated. 

Old  Goods  Re-plated. 

B.  Gt.  DBNNISTON,  Proprietor. 
2tv22-Sra 


CAIiBWELL'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  tbe  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
Sv24-3m  TVM.  CALPWELL. 


March  16,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


171 


Business  Cards. 


J.    BOSS    BHOWNE, 
Omco,  rVo.    in  Montgomery  Block, 

tUJf   PHASCIKCO,   CO.. 

H.    C.    BENNETT, 
tS  T  A.  T  I  «  T  I  O  I  A.  Bf . 

IteporU  anil   estimates  mail,  about  all  departments  ot 
Pruductlou,  Commerce,  and  Manafociu.ro,  of  toe  PMlflfl 


Spectacles   My  Specialty. 


C.  MTLLETt,  OpllcIaD. 
205  Montgomery  atruet,  Ruaa  Block. 

JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

420    Montgomery    Street. 

S.  W,  corner  Sacramento. 

Surveying  Inauuiaeiiu  n.»-]r,  repaired  and  Mljiuu-d 

Kvl7-3m 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

SURGEON. 
No.  102  Stockton  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


N.    P.    LANOLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL.     6A.WYEB, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Fu.inci.sch. 

And  No.  0  Q  8t.,  bet.  First  and  Second, 

"JlV^-lf  SACUAil^NTO. 


□  Knar  kimball. 


BABTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Bulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

."»»>."•  tiny   atroet,  (southwest  cor.  Sanaome), 
15vl23m  SAN  KKANCISCO. 


SAN    FRANCISCO 

CORDA&  E     C  OMPANY. 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarrud  Manila  mining  Ropes 
of  any  Blze  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBUS  k  CO.,  Agents, 

36  611  and  G13  Front  Btreet. 


H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  IRANCISCO. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

©E^H.      ElVOR^VEK, 
AND  LETTEB  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  COS  Sacramento  street, 
8an  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONSEB 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    :m     KM.VKXT    8TKEET, 
Between  Bush  and  Fine  streets,  San  FranciBco, 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  CoaBt. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silvee.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Month-pieces  Fitted. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SIS    FKAKCI8CO. 

Capital,  One  _Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS PreBiaent. 

R.  N.  YAN  BBUNT Cashier. 


BANKINa  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

26v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANTJFACTTJBER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOE— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  "Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
2f~>v23-tf 

GILES    n.  GRAY.  JAMEB    M.    UAVJ-.N. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSKI.ORg  AT  LAW, 
In  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.,  N.  E.  corner  Cali- 
fornia ano  Leldesdorff  streets, 
SAN  FRAN0I0O. 


TO.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  strest,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FEANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTITE,    CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted, 

3v24-3m 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

PIOKJt  KING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GIFFAIID'S 

INJECTORS. 

BAHTOL'S 

STEAM    TRAP, 

Surface   Condensers. 

davkTstoddart, 

114  BEAXE  STREET,  S.  F. 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST   PREMIUM 
American  Instltuto,E1867  and.1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HAROICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MANTIFACTtraEK 

Hardiok's    Patent    Double-Aoting 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 


PATENTED    IN     ENGLAND,    BELGIUM     AND 
FBANCE.      SEND   FOB   CIECULAB. 

22v26t-e0W  *^7Z 


Combines   Simplicity   and    Durability   to  a   Remarkable  Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

A.    CARR, 

43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

Agent  'Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v23-ly-eow 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  1862 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  Btreets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  Balesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  BuBh,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortmentof  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  Cv24-3amslainrly 


About    Building. 

A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings  .Mills ,  Bri  dg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can' 
insure  good  satisfac- 
EDW.  W.  TIFT, 
No.  807  Howard  streetj  San  Francisco. 


tion.    AddreBB 
5-v24-sa 


HOOVER'S 

New     and     Superior     Chromos. 

The  Changed  Cross,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Faithful  Crowned,  size  22  by  28. 

Virgin  Mary  and  St.  John,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Holy  Eamily,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Beautiful  Snow,  size  16  by  22. 

Delhi,  Delaware  County,  N.  Y.,  size  20  by  28. 

ALL    REAL    GEMS    OF    ART. 

Sold  by  Leading  Dealers  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  "Wholesale  by  the  Pub- 
lishers. 

J.    HOOVER, 

804    Market    Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


CUNDURANGO. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheum,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist 
ance  of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  mos- 
effective,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  DruggiBts,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our*name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  60  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v23-3m 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 
MICROSCOPES. 

Hlustrated    Price    List    sent    free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereo ptic cms. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  illustrated,    sent    free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York 

3v23-ly 


CRAIG-    &    BREVOORT'S 

Patent     Condenser    for     Steam 

FTTMPftS,    Sec. 


NO.    1. 

The  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  in- 
tended to  be  attached  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  briugfug  it  within  the  class  of  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  its  work  In  the  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  is  con- 
ducted to  the  condenser,  on  its  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  pump,  and  iB  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  Bectlon  of  tho 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

The  flange  D  is  bolted  to  the  suction  orifice  of  the 
pump,  and  the  flange  8  to  the  pipe  leading  to  the  well, 
or  whatever  Bource  of  Bupply  the  pump  may  have;  W  is 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenBer,  B,  and  with  which  the  suction  pipe,  8,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  Jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  tho 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thonco  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  the  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valve  to  enlarge  or  oontract  the  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  tho 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  iB 
avoided.  The  pipeP,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  as 
guide  to  float  F. 

Tho  valve,  0,  (Bhown  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  1b  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem — shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
tha  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  iB  attached. 


NO.   2. 

The  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  tho  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  side  of  the  steam  piBton,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  time  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necosBary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhfust  pipe, 
into  Buch  a  position  bb  to  cause  the  steam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  iB  done  the 
pump  1b  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  tho 
exhaust  steam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


Phoenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   &   CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  BmuGEa,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Etc. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli- 
cation to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila- 
delphia, ap8-ly 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 
JFty.f      mtj,2        Fty.3        iig.£ 


i   | 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St..  N.  Y. 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

PATTERNS     A^ST>     MODELS, 

(Over  W,  T.  Garratt'e  Brass  Foundry), 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  6v23-3m 


172 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  16,  1872. 


Dk.  Livingstone. — The  Council  of  the 
Royal  Geographical  Society  have  under- 
taken, with  the  assent  of  Her  Majesty's 
Government,  though  not  with  its  immedi- 
ate official  assistance,  the  '*  Livingstone 
Search  and  Eelief  Expedition."  They  pro- 
pose to  send  a  steamer  to  Zanzibar  and 
proceed,  according  to  the  advice  they  may 
receive  there,  to  try  and  find  some  tidings 
of  the  lost  explorer.  The  expedition  will 
prosecute  the  search  until  something  defi- 
nite concerning  his  fate  is  learned. 


Daily   Weather   Record, 

By  the  U.  S.  Army  Signal  Service,  fob  the  "Week 
Ending  Wednesday,  maboh  b,  1872. 


Thu.... 
Fri.... 
Sat.... 
Sun..] 
Mon..l 
TU....1 
Wed..l 


Sat... 
Sua.. 
Mon.. 
Tu.... 


Thu. 
Fri.. 

Sat.. 
Sun  . 
Mon. 
Tu... 


Thu. 
Fri. 
Sat.. 
Sun. 
Mon. 
Tu... 
Wed. 


?*'    1 


a,    ss 

s5 


:iiU!i.  .id 

311. 2:i 

30,11 

jii.iw 

29.95 

30.06 

30.35 


■»'.7:i 


29,49  27 
29.62  16  77 


S.E. 
W. 

s.w. 

Calm 

S   W. 

S.W. 

O.diii 


Calm 
S.  E. 


5.1.  ■  ,1 

J'l.,4,-, 

29.97 


29  94 

29.69 

13   29  "" 


Thu . . 
Fri..  . 
Sat.... 
Sun  . . 
Mon.. 
Tu.... 
Wed.. 


Thu . . 
Fri... 

Sat... 
Sun.. 
Mon.. 
Tu.... 

Wed 


Thu  . . 
Fri . . . 
Sat... 
Sun.. 
Mon. . 
Tu.... 
Wed.. 


L'll  E- 

29.  cr 
29.94 


30,21) 
29.  SS 
311.114 


30.1' 
30.35 

29.94 


4  Calm 
56  S 

"  S. 


S.W 
X.  w 

s.  w. 


N.W. 
Calm 
N.W. 


E-75 


^ 


Fresh 
Brisk 
Fresh 

Gentle 
Fresh 


LiKht 
Brisk 
Fresh 


Gentle 
Brisk 
Brisk 


Brisk       4-4 


24  Fresh 
13  Fresh 
10  Fresh 


State  of 
Weather. 


Fair 

Cloudy 

Threat'g 

Clear 

Threat'g 

Lt.  Rain 

Clear 


Clear 


Lt.  Snow 
Threat'g 


Cloudy 
Lt.  Rain 
Lt.  Snow 


Cloudy 

Clear 

Cloudy 


Fair 
Clear 

''lotuly 


Clear 
Fair 
Fair 


Lt.  Snow 

Fair 

Fair 


Mining  Companies 


Should  advertise  their  Meetings,  Assessments,  and  Sales, 
in  the  Scientific  Press.  Rates  more  than  one-half  less 
than  daily  publications.  Stockholders  should  take  the 
hint  and  miurst  their  uianmrers  to  truly  economize  by  ad- 
vertising ina  Mining  Journal,  where  all  noticesmay  be 
seen  by  cheaply  purchasing  and  examining  a  weekly.  You 
will  thus  .*ave  money  and  uphold  a  journal  which  upholds 
your  interests 

RICHARD  H.  BUEL,  Consulting  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 

Advice  aud  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  I  refer  par- 
ticularly to  Professor  H.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 
l0v>M-13t     

Continental  Life   Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


J.     R,.    ANDREWS, 


SUCCESSOR  TO 


*     F.  NIANSELL  &  CO., 
House    and    Sign     Painters, 

412   PINE  STREET,    SAN  FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  Et. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna- 
mental Sign  Work. 


Country  Orders  -A.tteii<lecl  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     Dispatch. 
26v23-3m-bp 


Miners  Using  Powder 

Containing  Nitroglycerine,  giving  off  deleterious  odors, 
should  read  the  description,  in  the  Scientific  Press, 
August  5, 1871,  of  the  patented  process  for  instantly  dis- 
pelling the  noxious  gases ;  and  for  further  information 
address  Dr.  A.  Blatchley,  patentee,  at  Scientific  Press 
Office,  S.  F.  8v24tf 


PLUMBAGO    CRUCIBLES. 

MORGAN'S    CELEBRATED     PLUMBAGO     CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  26  and  30),  from  No.   1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 
Ilv24-tf  A.  S.  HALLID1E,  610  Front  street,  S.  F. 


RICHARD   H.   STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 

City    and    County    Surveyor, 

Office— Room  1G,  City  Hall.  Ilv23-3m 


Purchasers  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Pbess. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

Marclx    lOtli,     1873- 

San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


Leave  going  Mast. 


*4.00  PMl 
4.35  pm 
4.10  PM 
5.35  PM 
8.25  PM 
8.48  P  M 

10.45  P  Ml 


7.00 
7.35am  . 

7.50am  . 
^.35  am! 


1L. 
11.50  AM 
1.45  PM 


Arrive  from  West. 


..San  Francisco. 

..Oakland 

..San  Jose 

...Nilea. 


....Lathrop 

Stockton 

—  Sacramento . 


Arrive  from  East. 


8.00  pm 
8.30  p  M 
7.05  P  m 
4.43  P  M 
4.07  P  M 
2.20  pm 
Leave  go 


Leave  going  South 

I     3.00pm 

4.40pm 

|     5.30pm 

Arrive  from  North. 


San  Francisco  &  San  Jose. 


*2.20pm 
1.50  P  M 
2.10  PM 

12.45  p  M 
9.45  p  M 
9.07  P  M 
7.15  a  M 
ng  West. 


—  San  Francisco.. 

—  Niles 

....San  Jose 


Stockton,  Lathrop  &  Merced. 


Arrive  from  South 

10,40  AMI 

8.35  am  : 

7.i0AM| 

Leave  going  >  orth 


Leave  going  South 

I    7.35PM 

*9.45AM     8.25  PM 

11.35  am      9.45  pm 

2.40pmI  12.15  am 

Arrive  from  North 


..  .Stockton.. 
...Lathrop... 
..  .Modesto... 
...Merced... 


Arrive  from  South 

10.20AMI 

9.30  am  »8.20pm 
8.13  am  6.45  PM 
5.45  am|    3.30  PM 

Leave  going  North 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  Ogden. 


5.10  PM 
1.00  am 
9.10  am 
12.00  M 
4.40  I'M 
6.20 ___ 
Arrive  from  West. 


Sacramento 

.  ..Colfax 

— Reno 

. . . . Winnemncca. . . 

Battle  Mountaii 

....Elko 

.  ...Ogden 


10.20 . 
2.10 

4.15  PM 
1.25  PM 
8.45  am 
5.20  PM 
Leave  going  West. 
Sacramento,  Marysville    &    Red    Bluff. 


Arrive  from  East. 
2. 00  pm 


Leave  going  North 
*8.45AM      "" 
10.25  A  M 

1.50  PM 

6.00  PM 


.35  PM 
3.25  PM 
5.15  PM 
8.35  P  M 
9.30  P  M 
Arrive  from  Sonth 


...Sacramento  . 

...Junction 

...Marysville.... 

...Tehama 

...Red  Bluff.... 


Arrive  from  North 


1.05  PM 
12.15  pm 
10.20  am 

6.50  am 

6.00am  ... 
Leave  going  South 


4.45  pm 
3.25  PM 
12.00  M 
5.30  am 


San    Francisco,   Vallejo    &   Calistoga. 

LeavB  going  Worthi  |  Arrive  front  North 

•4.00  p  Ml     7.30  AM...  .San  Francisco..      8.00  f  Mi*11.30  a  M 

6.30  pm      9.30  a  mL... Vallejo K.05  pm      9.30  am 

7.18pm    10.40am  ....Napa 4.50pm     8.30am 

8.50 pmI     1.00  p  M  ....  Calistoga 3.00  pm]     7.00  am 

Arrive  from  South|  |Leave  going  South 

San  Francisco,  Vallejo  &  Knight's  Landing. 


Leave  going  East. 
t7.30  A  M-l  N.U0  p  M 
9.35am  .  6.35PM 
12.U5PM  IO.Iupm 
I.OOpmI  11  45pm 
Arrive  from  West. 


(Arrive  from  East 
..San  Francisco..  "11.30  ami  tS.OOPM 

..Vallejo 9.30  am      6.05pm 

..Davis 6.40  a  M      li.3'PM 

..Knight's  Land'g      5.00am|    2.30  pm 

|Leave  going  West. 


San  Francisco  &  Healdsburjr. 


945AM 
10.20  A  M 


4.35  PM 

5.00  PM 

6.00  P  M 

._      6.45  P  M 

Arrive  from  South 

Stockton 
Leave  going  South 

|*ri.25AM 

11.52am 

12.42pm 

I     1.32pm 


...San  Francisco 

...Donahue 8.45  am 

. .  .Petaluma — ...     8.20  a  m 

...Santa  Rosa 7.30  am 

...Healdsbnrg 6.45am      _ 

'Leave  going  South 

,   Milton  &   Oak  Dale. 

Arrive  from  Soizlh 


'5.35  pm: 

5.003  pm 
3.30J1-  M 
2.00  p  M 


..Stockton 

..C.P.R.R.  Depot. 

.Peters 

.Milton 


Arrive  from  North 


•4.25  p  a 
3.52  PMl. 
3.02  PM  . 
2.12pm!. 


2.0OPMI 

Leave  going  North 


e  from  Northl  Leave  going  I> 

CAL.  P.  R.  R.  CO.'S  STEAMERS 


*4.00  p  M 
6.00  p  M 
7.00  pm 


2.00  am  

Arrive  from  West. 


....Vallejo 

— Benicia 

— Stockton 

....Sacramento  . 


Arrive  from   East. 


10.00  P  M 


"K00  P  M 
6.00  P  M 
5.00  P  M 


8.00  P  M 
2.00  P  M 

12.00m. 

iLeave  going  West, 
Explanation.  **©a 

For  trains  running  "from"  San  Francisco,  take  the  left 
hand  columns  aud  read  downwards. 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  hand  columns  and  read  upwards. 

OAKLAND  BRANCH. -Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00, 
810,  9  2-,  JU  10  and  1120  a.m.,  12  10,  1  50,  3  00,4  00,  5  15,630,  8  0< 
9.20  and  "II  39  p.  m.     (9  20,  11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11 00  a.  in.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5  40,  6  50,  8  00,  910,  10  00,  and  1110  a, 
m.,  1200, 1  40,  2  .50.  3  ,50,  5  05,  6  20.  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH. -Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  11 15  a.  m..  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  0u  p.  m.  (7  20,  11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  Haywards,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m„  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  in.,  130, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 
"Sundays  excepted.        +  Sundays  only. 

T.  H.  aOODJJlAN",  A.  N.  TOWNB, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agtv Gen'I  Snpt. 

FRANCIS    SMITH  &   CO., 


lHamijEiLcturers    of 


HYDRAULIC     PIPE, 


Artesian  Well  Pipe— All  Sizes. 


Having  the  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  we  can'makeit 
an  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO  contract  with  us  for 
SHEET    IROIN     PIPE. 


All  "Work  Guaranteed. 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  ,San  Francisco. 

.        4v24-eow3nil6p 


THEODORE   EALLENBEBO, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Moker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Die£, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.     No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.        19v23-3m 


$1    nflfl     REWARD!    For  any  case   of  Blind, 

l,,uuu  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated  Piles  that 
X>t>  Iliiig's  X*ile  Remedy  fails  to  cure.  It  is 
prepared  expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing  else,  aud 
has  cured  cases  of  over  20  years  standing.  Sold  by  all 
Druggists.    Price  $1.00. 

C.  F.  Richards  4;  Co.,  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  Sansome 
streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  8v21-ly 


TO 


QUARTZ  MINERS  AND  MILLMEN. 


TJiree  years  since  ice  established  in  con- 
nection with  our  Grbclcery  and  Silver 
Plated  Ware  Business,  a  Factory  for 
Silver  Plating  by  electro  process  all 
wares  tvhich  we  had  previously  im- 
ported ready  plated  from  Eastern 
factories. 

Our  enterprise,  assisted  by  the  liberal 
patronage  of  the  Builders  and  Plumb- 
ers, has  proven  a  success;  and  hav- 
ing subsequently  added  to  our  busi- 
ness that  of  SILVER  PLATING 
COPPER  PLATES  for  AMAL- 
GAMATING PURPOSES,  we 
desire  to  inform  the  Miners  and  Mill- 
men  of  California  and  Nevada,  that 
tee  have  recently  perfected  such  im- 
provements as  to  enable  us  to  furnish 
at  very  short  notice  Silver-plated 
Amalgamating  Plates,  having  a 
smoothness  andfinish  of  surface  never 
before  attained  in  California. 

Orders  for  special  sizes  sent  by  mail 
will  receive  prompt  attention.  Refer- 
ences from  those  loho  have  used  our 
Plates  will  be  furnished  to  those  de- 
siring them 

HAYNES  &>    LAWTON, 
Market  St.,  under  the  Grand  Hotel, 

January  20,  1872.  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

4v24-lam3m 


Qualitative  and  Qualitative  Analysis 

—  WITH  — 

THE    BLOW    PIPE, 

From  the  last  German  edition,  Revised  and  Enlarged, 

BY  PROF.  TH.  RIOHTER, 

Of  the  Royal  Saxon  Mining  Academy. 

Translated  by 

PROF.  HENKY  B.  CORNWALL, 

Assistant  in  the  Columbia  School  of  Mines,  New  York, 

assisted  by  Joan  H.  Caswell. 

Illustrated    with    Eighty-seven    "Wood    Cuts    and    one 

Lithographic  Plate. 

One  vol.,  8  vo.,  5G0  pages,  cloth,  £7.50. 

Plattner's  celebrated  work  has  long  been  recognized 
as  the  only  complete  book  on  Blow  Pipe  Analysis.  The 
fourth  German  edition,  edited  by  Prof.  Richter,  fully 
sustains  reputation  the  earlier  editions  acquired  during 
the  lifetime  of  the  author,  and  it  iB  a  Bource  of  great  sat- 
isfaction to  us  to  know  that  Prof.  Richter  has  co-ope- 
rated with  the  translator  .  in  issuing  the  American 
edition  of  the  work,  which  is  in  fact  a  fifth  edition  of 
the  original  work,  being  far  more  complete  than  the 
last  German  edition. 

The  American  editor,  Mr.  Cornwall,  has  done  a  very 
great  service  for  all  studentB  of  chemistry  and  miner- 
alogy who  use  the  English  tongue,  in  thus  adding  to 
our  scientific  literature  a  work  of  such  rare  merit.  He 
has  shown  excellent  judgment  in  rendering  the  work 
into  good  English,  in  avoiding  needless  repetitions,  in 
adding  a  large  amount  of  valuable  material,  and  in 
adopting  a  mineralogical  nomenclature  which  is  fa- 
miliar to  American  scientific  men. — Silliman's  Journal. 

D.  VAN  NOSTRAND,  Publisher, 
23  Murray  street  and  27  Warren  street,  New  York. 
Copies  sent  free  by  mail  on  receipt  of  price. 
KF"  My  new  Catalogue    of    American    and    Foreign 
Scientific  Books,  80  pages,  Svo.,  sent  to  any  addresB  on 
receipt  of  10  cents.  marlC-lt 


AMERICAN 
JOURNAL    OF    SCIENCE 


(Founded  by  Professor  Sillimanin  1818)  ended  its  1st  Se- 
ries of  50. volumes  as  a  quarterly,  in  1345,  and  its  2d  Series 
of  50  volumes,  as  a  two-monthly,  in  1370.  A  Third  Series 
in  MONTHLY  numbers  commenced  January,  1871. 

Devoted  to  Chemistry,  Physics,  Geology,  Mineralogy, 
Natural  History,  Astronomy,  Meteorology,  etc.  Two  vol- 
umes, of  over  440  pageB  each,  pubUshed  annually. 

Editors  and  Proprietors:  Professors  Danaand  Silliman. 
Associate  Editors:  Professors  Gray  and  Gibbs  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  Newton,  Johnson,  Brush  and  Verrill  of  Yale. 

Subscription  price  $6  a  year,  or  50  cents  a  number.    A  few 
complete  sets  on  sale  of  the  first  and  second  serieB. 
Address 

DANA  &  S1XLIMLAN, 

marl6-lt  New  Haven,  Ct. 


BUY    BARBER'S   BIT   BRACE. 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

—  AND  — 

"WINCHESTER  BEPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre),  F 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1. 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  Jjj  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eaglo  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  J$  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  U  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  J£ 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuss  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal.  by  the  L.  S,  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  BrandB,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Tarnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  these  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 
5v24-6m-lanir  108  Battery  street,  S.  F, 


H    &    L    AXLE    GREASE. 


The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  years,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A     BATE 
As  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBE.RT 
Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  aBk  for  the  H  & 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  tho  trade  mark  H  &  L 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v24-eowr 


Phelps'  Patent  Animal  Trap, 


FOR  GOPHERS,  SQLRRELS,  RATS,  CAYOTES, 
and  other  "Varmints." 

This  Trap,  aB  may  be  seen,  is  of  simple  construction 
and  not  likely  to  get  out  of  order,  and  very  durable. 

It  is  "Very  Efficient 
and  can  be  used  conveniently  by  women  or  children. 
THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST  YET  INVENTED.  Price 
50  cents.  By  mail,  prepaid  (to  places  where  expreSB 
charges  are  high) ,  jl.  A  liberal  discount  to  clubs  or 
dealers  who  buy  by  the  dozen.  Address  the  inventor 
and  manufacturer,  D.  N.  PHELPS, 

al-ly-awbp  San  Leandro,  Alameda  County,  Cal, 


f^TT  BRYANT  &  STRATT0N     TTT*1 ' 

BUSINESS  COLLEGE 
.  posts?:  -24^i 


fSAL™2£lgCQ 


rfff'Tifryfi'w'; 


IS  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  SCHOOL  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  instruction  is  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  StudentB  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heald's  Col- 
lege Journal. 

Address  E.  P.  HEALD, 

President  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 

3v3-eowhp 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos 
GBAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let-  feyY^ 

A.    HEYMAH, 
I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mal8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


March  16,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS> 


173 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


to  UU  timt  w-ani  to  malt  the  prr*^nt  lar-r  *>lHltm  ••/  th' 
■ 
.  A  U  (A«  r*ry  tutctf  Aour  te*  rail  rrreit*  <*U«rtUrmenU. 

Shareholders'    Meeting  —  Office    of    the 

Ejmk-  Quicksilver  Mining  Company. 

Id  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  at  a 
me  ting  of  the  Trmt._«  -s  of  the  Ea«le  QuioksUTOI  Mining 
Company,  duly   bald    "ii  lb..-    1 

■peeul  meeting  of  thi  of  said  oompany 

i-  banto  called,  to  be  beld  at  th  -ompany, 

Boom  n<>-  '■,  No  rj  street,  San  Pimnolaco, 

Calif.. riua,  <>n  Monday,  the  j-'.th  day  ol  Karen.  IBM,  at 
tbo  hour  of  4  o'clock  i'.u  of  aaid  day.  to  elect  two 
1  to    All    v*. 'am: it- *    m    the    Board,  ami    for    the 

traiiKa.  lluu  of  nu.'h  other  huhjiit-es  a*  may  lawfully  Dome 

before  it.                        u  it  h.  WATSON,  Secretary. 
Ban  fr..  h  10th.  1672. marl6-2t 

Kincaid  Flat   Mining  Company— Location 

of  work*,  Tuolu  State  Of  California. 

Notice  ta  hereby  (,-iv. .11.  that  at  a  rnet'tini:  of   the  ' 

Triutoaaof  twud  1  bmpanjr, beld  00  the  lull  day  of  February, 

1478,  an  a-vt.-»iniiiiit  of  threw  dnllar*  per  •bare  wan  levied 

upon  the  capital  stock  of  uid  company,  pajablo   immedi- 

.  to  ill-  secy,  at  In-  office, 

(OO,  'a!.     Any  Blot  k  upon 

which  aaid  awnaainent  shall  remain  unpaid  on  the  1Mb   day 

ihall   be  d d  delinquent,  and   will  be 

duly  advertised  for  sale  at  pnl.hu  .muiuii,  and  unless  pay- 
ment shall  he  made  before,  will  he  sold  on  Monday,  the 
8th  day  of  April.  1*72,  to  pay  the  dcliuquontaMaestuiivnt, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
fly   urdtir  of    the   ltoard  of  Trustees. 

R.  H.   CORNELL,  Secretary. 
Office,  230  Clay  street.  San  Franc  t 

Marcelina  Silver  Mining   Company. — Lo- 

catlou  of    Works:    Eureka  District,   Lauder  County, 

Nevada. 

Notice  ik  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  coiupuu>  held  uu  the  eighth  day  of 
Heron,  1879,  mi  aK80*smeut  of  ten  cents  per  sharo  was 
1 1  •  v  1  •  ■ .  1  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable 
Immediately,  In  \  nited  StateB  gold  and  silver  coin,  to 

tary,  at  the  office   of  the    Company,  Room   21, 

Hayward'a  Building,  41D  California  street, Bail  Francisco. 
Any  stuck  upon  which  Bold  assessment  ("hall  remain 

unpu  d  on    the    llftecuth    day   of  April,    1HTJ,   shall   be 

deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  uuIchs  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  Bold  on  Tuesday,  the  Seventh  day  of 
Hay,  isTi,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  or- 
der of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

CHAS.  £.  ELLIOTT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  21,    Hay  ward's  Building,  41!)  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  marll'-iiw 


Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

uit'  I  lompany. — Location  of  Works:  Toyoltita,  San  Oimas 

District,  Durum.-",  tfexioo, 

Nonce  ie  herebj  given,  that  at  a  meet  inn  of  the  Board  of 
Trunt-ees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  twelfth  day  of  May, 
1869,  :it>  assessment  of  two  dollar*  per  share  was  levied  upon 
theassessable  capital  atook  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, hi  United  Btates  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Sec- 
retary, K.  d.  I'f.-iil'u-,  X1.1.  Jin  i'..st  street,  or  to  the  Treasu- 
rer. A.  Hirameliuann,  No.  iiJT  Washington  street.  Ban  Fran- 
cisco, to  settle  tho  indebtedness  of  the  aaid  Company. 

And  whereas  there  has  been  an  error  in  the  course  of  pro- 
ceedings for  the  collection  of  aaid  Assessment,  hy  reason  of 
which,  a-*  provided  by  law,  all  previous  proceedings,  except 
tho  Levying  of  the  Assessment,  are  void,  and  publication  re- 
iiuir.'il  to  be  begun  anew,  NOW,  therefore,  by  order  of  the 
Board  Ol  Trustees  of  said  Company,  at  a  meeting  of  said 
Trustees,  held  on  the  eighth  day  of  March.  1872. said  Assess- 
ment is  lieroby  re-putdished,  and  notice  thereof  given  as 
follows,  to  wit: 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

ing  Company.— Location  of  Works:  Toyoltita,  San  Dimss 

District,  Dnrango,  Mexico. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  twelfth  day  of  May, 
lS6a,  an  assessment  of  two  dollars  per  share  was  levied  upon 
1.  tn-  as -.(.' usable  capital  stock  of  aaid  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  and  Silver  coin,  to  tho  Sec- 
retary. E.  J.  I' lei  Hit.  No.  -Hi  Post  street,  or  to  the  Treasu- 
rer. A.  Himmelmann.  No.  631  Washington  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, to  settle  the  indebtedness  of  the  said  Company. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  fifteenth  day  of  April.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  de- 
li in  1 11  .'ii  t,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  aalo  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  be  to  re.  will  be  sold 
on  Wednesday,  the  eighth  day  of  May.  1672,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  coats  of  advertising 
aud  expenses  ol'  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
E.  J.  PFEIFFER,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  210  Pnst  Btreet,  San  Francisco.  California. 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Piermont  District,  White  Pine 
county,  Nevada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on 
the  2.1th  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  tho  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
NameB.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.        Am't. 

Briggs,  Chas  A 15  583!-i  $406  67 

Briggs,  Chas  A 47  111  88  80 

Flint,  Benj 6  1760  1400  00 

Flint,  Benj 27  2625  20211  00 

Flint,  Benj 41  814  651  20 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 82  1500  733  3a 

Perkins,  JE,  Trustee 40  286  139  83 

Perkins,  JasE 4  1750  1400  00 

Perkins,  Jas  E 42  719  675  20 

Perkins,  JasE 34  2026  }£  1620  26 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  25th  day  of  January,  1872,  bo 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  Baid  stock  as  may  be  neo 
esBary,  will  be  Bold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Baid  Company,  on  Saturday,  the  23d  day  of  March,  1872, 
at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said 
delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  Bale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 
Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.        2w 


Pocahontas    Gold  Mining   Company— Lo 

cation  of  works,  Mud  Springs,  hi  Dorado  County,  State 

of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  26th  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1872,  on  assessment  of  Five  Dollars  per  shore  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  tho  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  compuny,  Room  No.  26,  Hayward's  Building, 
No.  419  California  Btreet,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
Saturday,  the  6th  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  he  deemed  de- 
linquent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before  will  be 
Bold  on  Monday,  the  6th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertis- 
ing and  expenses  of  the  saie. 

D.  A.  JENNINGS,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  No.  2G,  Haywurd's  Building,  419  California 
Btreet,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

February  26.  1872. mar2-5w 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Gompany— 

Location  of  works,  Salt  Springs  Valley,  Calaveras  County, 

California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meoti  ng  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  I5th  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  $5  dollars  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  theCompany,  No.  ■109  California  street,  upstairs, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  asses  ment 
shall  remain  uupaid  on  the  26th  day  of  March,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  16th  day  of  April,  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 

Office,  409  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.       fe24-td 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  tho  famous  regular 

GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    J2    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  Blower  la  Its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

i:\NIv      BLA.STIXG,     COAL      MINES, 

A>JD    FOB    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    HOCK    IS    NOT    VERT    HARD 

It  is  fully  lis  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes. when  exploded. 

Prlec.    50  Cents   per    round. 

Tho  sale*  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  oxplosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO 
a0rM-3ml(ip  Sanand  A«en(»,   No.    210  Front  Street. 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY   BLOWER. 

MANUFACTURED    AT 

The  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton,  Cal. 

AWARDED    THE     FIRST     PREMIUM    AT    THE  PARIS    EXPOSITION— PATENTED 
NOV.  1,  1864;  JULY  24,  18GG ;  AND  OCT.  9,  I860. 


Adapted 

FOB 

Smelting, 

Foundry, 
Mining 


and 


Steamships. 


Requires 


CO  Per  Cent. 


LE39   POYHSR 


Than    any    Blower 


Now  in  UBe. 


One  of  these  Blowers  may  bo  seen  at  W.  T.  Oarratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco:  Gould  &  Curry 
and  Savage  S.  M.  Co.'s,  Nevada:  and  at  C.  P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  WorkB,  Sacramento:  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Caution.— Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantago  to  apply  direct  to  tho  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  parties, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  tho  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  the  requirements  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUARTZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IRON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HORSE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OF  ALL  SIZES. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

4'2,t'  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


PATENT     TUBULAR     WHEELBARROWS. 


These  Barrows  are 
tho  Frames  being  Tub- 
Wheels,  etc.,  Wrought 
Strongest,  Most  Durable 
made.  Over  1,000  are  in 
are  giving  entire  satis- 
stant  wear  or  accident 
can  be  immediately  du- 


TuEura. 

No.  1,  Canal  Size 1    inch. 

No.  2.  Banded 1       " 

No.  a,  Banded 1M    " 

No.  4,  Banded \XA    " 

Wood  Barrows 1   .    " 


made  entirely  of  Iron- 
ing, and  the  Trays, 
Iron.  They  are  the 
and  Economical  Barrow 
use  on  this  Coast,  and 
faction.  If  from  con- 
any  part  gives  out,  It 
plicated. 


Tray. 

Weic.ht 

3G.X3J  inch. 

58  lliB. 

88U4    " 

80    " 

38x«    " 

101     " 

<0x48    " 

116    " 

MANUFACTURED    ONLY    BY 


CALVIN     NUTTING     &      SON, 

417  and  419  Market  Street,  below  First, SAN  FBANCISCO. 


SAVAGE  &  SON,  Empire  Foundry. 

For  Economy  and  Durability  the  Tubular  Barrows  cannot  be  excelled.    Would  not  be  without  them. 
fel0-2tbp  H.  T.  HOLMES  &  CO.,  Lime  Manufacturers. 


FREEMAN'S    GRAIN    SEPARATOR. 

THE 

BEST 

PATENT 

SEPARATOR 

MADE. 

I  will  guar- 
antee it  to  Ex- 
cel any  other 
Machine  ex- 
tant in  sepa- 
rating .  Grain 
from  all  hinds 
o  f  Foreign 
SeedB.  ItwiU 
separate  per- 
fectly the  different  qualities  of  Grains,  producing  pure 
Seed.  It  is  in  every  way  a  Practical  and  Successful  Cal- 
ifornia Machine.  It  has  proven  successful  over  all 
other  Machines  on  trial,  and  has  taken  two  First  Premi- 
ums at  the  Petaluma  Fair.  Machines  and  State  and 
County  Rights  for  sale  by  W.  D.  FREEMAN, 

Tomales,  Marin  county, Cal. 
Send  for  Circulars, 

P.  S. — The  right  to  use  my  superior  Patent  Pod  Screen 

will  bo  sold  at  reasonable  prices  to  owners  of  Threshers. 

4v3-2m-eowbp  


•     McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
BOILER     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  st,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  Francisco. 


w.  h.  aoniiiLL,  Pres't. 


c.  h.  Gonniix,  Sec'y. 


Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  Wooden  and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  specifications  furnished  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  Bent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  stone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

Address  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

3v2-3m-eow  Oakland  Cal. 


PAINTING. 

HOUSE     A3N"I>     SIGK. 

IE7*  Walls  Whitened  or  Tinted. 


7v3-eombp 


E.    H.    GADSBT, 

585  Market  street,  San  Franc 


STEAM    POWER. 

The  second  and  third  stories  of  the  west  half  of  the 
Mechanics'  Mill,  corner  of  MiBsion  and  Fremont  streets, 
to  let,  with  Steam  Power.  Frontage  about  70  by  127 
feet,  but  the  rear  half  is  only  about  40  feet  wide.  To  be 
let  in  whoie  or  in  part,  to  one  or  more  tenants. 

For  further  particulars  apply  to 

FRANK  KENNEDY, 
mar9-2t  G01  Merchant  street,  San  Francisco. 


South  Gulch   Gravel    Mining   Company— 

i .. .,  ation  of  works:  Bruahville  Mining  DlBtrict,  Oala- 

vtTas  County,  California. 

—Then    sir-.'  delinquent  upon  the  following 

i.  scribed  stoek,  on  loeount  ol  assessment  levied  uu  the 

-'  vi  utii  .lay  of  February,  intu,  ii\'-  n  rend  amounts  n  i 

the  uunej  of  the  nspeetrra  shareholders  as 

follows: 

Nun  s.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.    Amount. 

Geo. F.Sharp 1  200  $300 

W.  H.  N.  fronts© 2  200  300 

G.  B.    Merrill 3  60  80 

J.  W.  QfUwold 4  60  7.-. 

J.W,  Grlswold,  Jr 5  100  16(1 

E.  J.  Grinwuld C  50  75 

Geo.W.MorrUt 7  GO  75 

A.C.  Wallop 8  M  75 

T.F.  Cronise 10  HO  210 

Mr*.  S.  L.  Griswold....ll  60  75 

B.M.  Grinwold 12  60  76 

Geo.  W.  Giluiore 13  66  75 

H.  E.  Watsou 1*  60  75 

Walter    Roby 15  60  75 

J.  H.  Brown 9  60  76 

And  in  nccordancc  with  law,  and  an  order  of  tho 
Board  of  Trustee*,  made  on  tho  7th  day  Of  February, 
1872,  so  muny  BhBres  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  us  mny 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the 
oflkeof  the  Company,  409  California  street.  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  on  the  :;.i  day  of  April,  1872,  at  tho  hour  of 
12  o'clock  M.,  of  *uiil  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
asseBsmcnt  thereon,  together  with  co*ts  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  T.  F.  OBONISE,  Secretary. 

Ofilot — 409  California  street,  San  Fruncisco,  Cal. 
marl6-8t 

Spring   Mountain   Tunnel   Company,    Ely 

MiniiiK  District.  Piuclie,  Nevada. 

Notiee  is  hereby  Kiven,  that  at  a  ineetfnff  of  the  Board  of 
Truetecs  of  said  company,  held  on  the  l'^th  day  of  .March. 
1872.  «n  assessment  of  fifteen  cent*  per  share  was  levied 
npon  the.  capital  utoelt  of  *nid  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  tho  Secretary,  at  the 
officu  of  tlie  compuny.  Room  U7.  Merchants'  ExehanRO,  Cali- 
fornia street,  city  and  county  of  Sun  FrunciKco.  Culifornia. 
Any  stock  upon  which  suid  iisni*«inent  ahull  remain  unpaid 
on  the  '.22d  day  of  April.  It<7'2,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  uuction.  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  beforo,  will  he  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  13th  day  of  May,  Wl,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  cost s  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.    By  order  of  tho  Board  "[  Trustees. 

J.  M.  BUI  F1XGTOX,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  37,  New  Merchant's  Exchange,  Culifornia 
street,  San  Fruncisco.  Culifornia.  man6-td 

San  Fruncisco,  March  16,  1872. 

Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

ning  Company     Location  of  Works:  GopherDistrict, 

Calaveras  County  California. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  levied  on  the 
23d  day  of  January,  1872,  tho  several  amounts  set  oppo- 
Bide  the  namesof  the  respective  Shareholders  aB  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.     Amouut. 

Charles  OBraer 6  10  $40  00 

Charles  Osmer 31  2  8  00 

CharleB  Osmer 32  2  8  00 

CharleB  Osmer 33  1  4  00 

Charles  Osmer 132  35  140  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  23d  day  of  January,  1872, 
so  many  shareB  of  each  parcels  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necesBary,  will  be  Bold  at  public  auction,  by  Maurice 
Dore  &  Co.,  at  No.  327  Montgomery  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  on  Saturday  the  10th  day  of  March,  1872,  at 
the  hour  of  12  o'clock  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  de. 
linquent  Assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
Advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 

Office— 516,  Kearny  st.,  San  Francisco.  mar2-3t 

Wm.  Penn  Consolidated  Gold  and  Silver 

Mining    Company— Location    of   works,   Storey    and 

Lyon  Counties,  State  of  Nevada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  tho  following 
described  Btock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
26th  day  of  January,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  Bhareholdcrs,  as 
followB: 

Names.  No.  of  Certificate.    No.  of  Shares.    Am't. 

GeorgeStead 18  25  25  00 

George  Stead 19  25  25  00 

GeorgeStead 20  25  25  00 

GeorgeStead 21  21  21  oil 

H  JTScheel 25  50  50  00 

HJTJScbeel 26  60  60  00 

HJTScheel 27  25  25  00 

H  JTScheel 28  25  25  00 

HJTScheel 29  2  2  00 

B  JScheel 30  80  60  00 

B  JScheel 31  60  50  00 

B  J  Scheel 32  25  25  00 

B  JScheel .33  25  26  00 

B  JScheel 34  2  2  00 

Frank  Kruyer 35  30  30  00 

Frank  Kruyer 3G  25  25  00 

FrankKruyer 37  25  25  00 

HFRice 42  CO  50  00 

H  F  Rice 43  50  60  00 

HFRice 44  50  CO  00 

HFRice 45  10  10  00 

SD  Prescott 49  24  24  00 

John  W  Work 63  26  26  00 

Henry  R  Reed 15  fl  6  00 

HenryRReed 16  6  6  00 

HenryRReed 17  4  4  00 

John  F  Sears 13  2  2  00 

AlfredDennos 3  5  5  00 

WPCStebbina 1  28  28  00 

GregoryYale 4  17  17  00 

EH  Doty 8  10  10  00 

EH  Doty 10  12  12  00 

EH  Doty 11  10  10  00 

EH  Doty 12  10  10  00 

WEFKrause 9  1  1  00 

EFStone 5  88  88  00 

EH  Doty unissued        1G5  105  00 

Henry  Tomey,  Trustee unissued        165  156  00 

George  Hearst uniSBued  46  40  00 

L  M  Pearlman unissued         94  94  00 

JacobCClark unissued         52  62  00 

HF  Cutter unissued        106  106  00 

Thos.  McNamara unissued  60  50  00 

WHBremer unissued  60  50  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  26th  day  of  January,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  Baid  Btock  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  auction 
house  of  John  Middleton  &  Son  onthe2l6tday  of  March, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to 
pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  Sale. 
ma3-3t  HENRY  TOOMS*.  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  Rooms  3  and  4. 


Important    to    Miners. 

FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  addresB 
WATERS  &  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 
NO.  64  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 


174 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[March  16,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


ESTABLISHED    1S5X. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

IKA   P.   B1SKIX,  A.  P.  BKATTOK, 

UJEO.  "W.  FO€SG,  superintendent. 

j^teamEngines  and  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  wort  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
si-ices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

ST*  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Wort  and 
Spairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
SBATED  PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  90DDARD  &  00. 


ETJLTON 


Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 


MANUFACTCBEBS   OF 


8TEAM    ENGINES, 
Quarts,    Flour    and.    Saw    Mills, 

IS  aye*'  Improved  Steam  Pomp,  Brodle'a  Im- 
proved     Crasher,      Mining     Pampi, 
Amalgamators,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
Btreet,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE  T.  PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111   Mission  Street, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Worts  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Toole,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  wort,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say:— 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

aUAETZ    MACHINERY 
rrintlng    Presses, 

AND  MAOHINERT  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  nneqnaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  HoiBt  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MANUFACTUBEB  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Pracy's     Celebrated.    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

HANOFACTDBEBS  OF 

©  rEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 


WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Ihtnbar'i  Patent  Self-Adluetliie  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets. 

SinmuvNTO  Oitv 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD   AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  "Variety  of  J^liafTtiugr, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES    f 

■  lenmboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con- 

nectlns;  Sods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 

and  Frames 

—  ALSO — 

HAMMER  E  O      IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

Jty  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
JJMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,will  ceive 
prompt  attention 

«3»  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vl43m 


THE  GARDNER  AUTOMATIC  SAFETY-STOP  GOVERNOR. 


These  Governors  have  now  been  sold  In  this  market  for  several  years,  and  wherever  once  introduced  and  made 
known,  are  invariably  sought  after.  They  are  in  the  Eastern  States  fast  displacing  all  other  Steam  Governors,  and 
are  regarded  as  theperfect  regulator.  They  are  manufactured  by  Messrs. Gorchur  &  Robertson,  practical  engineers, 
who  have  given  many  years  time  exclusively  to  their  manufacture  and  perfection.  The  manufacturers  say:  After 
an  experience  of  eleven  years  in  the  manufacture  ol  the  above  Governor,  during  which  time  several  important  im- 


provements have  been  made  and  two 
additional  patents  obtained,  we  feel 
justified  in  recommending  it  to  all 
parties  using  Steam  power,  and  war- 
ranting it  to  be.  the  most  perfect  regu- 
lator in  the  market. 

The  Gardner  Governor  ie  so  well 
known  that  we  think  it  unnecessary  to 
enterinto  a  detailed  explanation  of  the 
principles  involved,  or  details  in  its 
construction,  merely  giving  the  lead- 
ing objects  realized  by  this  important 
invention.  The  Govt-rnor  combines 
with  the  greatest  simplicity  of  con- 
struction, accurate  regulation  of  speed, 

POSITIVE  XNSUTtANCE  AGAINST  ATT,  ACCI- 
DENTS LIABLE  TO  OCOTJK  FROM  SLIPPING 
OE  PARTING  THE  GOVERNOR  OR  DRIVING 

belts,  and  a  convenient  arrangement 

for  ADJUSTING  THE  BPEED  OF  THE  EN- 
GINE while  in  motion,  without  change 
of  pullies. 

The  construction  of  the  Governor  is 
extremely  simple,  having  no  springs, 
inside  joints,  swivels,  or  parts  liable 
to  disarrangement,  all  the  several  parts 
are  duplicates  of  each  other  in  the  same 
series;  the  most  skillful  workmen  are 
employed,  the  best  material  used  and 
the    machinery   employed   especiully 


adapted  to  their  manufacture.  The 
valve  is  most  perfectly  balanced 
and  the  Governor  is  built  with  a  view 
of  securing  the  quickest  and  most  sen- 
sitive action  possibly  attainable  in  a 
steam  regulator.  Thus  with  accurate 
machinery,  and  skilled  labor,  and  de- 
voting our  whole  attention  to  the 
manufacture  of  this  one  article,  we 
are  able  to  produce  a  perfect  and  relia- 
ble Governor  at  a  low^  price. 

We  do  not  publish  any  letters  of  rec- 
ommendations, but  can  give  references 
to  upwards  of  5,000  parties  through- 
out tbe  United  States,  who  are  using 
the  Gardner  Governor. 

"We  would  especially  invite  the  atten- 
tion of  steam  Engine  Builders  to  this 
Governor,  feeling  assured  that  they 
can  purchase  for  less  than  they  can 
make  an  inferior  article,  and  thereby 
increase  the  value  and  sales  of  their 
Engines. 

"We  respectfully  refer  to  the  follow- 
ing parties  using  the  Gardner  Gov- 
ernor, and  can  speak  understanding! y 
of  its  merits:  Oakland  Cotton  Mills, 
the  Selby  .Lead  and  Silver  Smelting 
"Works,  L.  &  E.  Emanuel,  Vulcan  Iron 


"Works, Fulton  Foundry,  LevisonBros., 
Cal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory,  D.  A.  McDonald  &  Co.,  and  others  in  San  Francisco;  Ophir  Co.,  Lady 
Bryan,  and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  Virginia,  Nev,;  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F. 
Chury,  Albany,  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

fiy  WE  WARRANT  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  circumstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  miles  of  San  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  be  returned  to  us 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

95-When  ordering  please  state  whether  Throttle- Valve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  BLOCK-or  Finished 
Governor  is  desired.  ***The  rate  of  speed  fob  Governor  is  fully  stamped  on  the  revolving  head  of  every 
Governor,    Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Agents    for    P"aclfic    States,    San   Francisco, 

B^"At  Treadwell  &  Co.'s(late  BERRY  &  PLACE'S)  Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  may  be  found  in  6tock  the  above 
Governors',  together  with  all  sizes  of  HOADLEY'8  PORTABLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS,  STDRTE- 
VANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS,  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DREYFUS'S  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS,  Etc. 
AlBO  a  heavy  stock  of  HARDWARE  AND  MINING  TOOLS,  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BOILER  EELT 
(saves  25  per  cent,  of  fuel),  SELP-OLLERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kinds),  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millraen's  findings.       7v24-tf 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

F.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing" 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

[YODH    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beaoh    Street,    Philadelphia,    Perm. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives ; 

B^"  AIbo,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roads,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  of  the  Largest  Coal  Operations  and  FurnaceB  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsewhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  and  weighing  from  four  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  b  L.  were  the  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  EIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND   PHOTOCRAPHS. 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 

FISHER'S       te«^       —/a***^  MACHINES 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AHD 

NOZZLE 


Cheapest  and   Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 


The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hyd 
9v23-tf 


his  patrons. 
Address  F. 


Manufactured 
TO  ORDER, 

to    throw   from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

8TREA  MI. 

H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE— I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  againBt  making,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  & 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hoskin,  as  the  same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1370.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUREKA      FOUl^DRT, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

1IHHT  AS D  HEAYY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


SAJS    FBANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BEOTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANTJFACTtmEBS   OP  Ali  KINDS  OF 

Machine  Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and  Snip  or 
Band  Bolts, 
13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &;    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor-    First    and    .Mission    Sts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  [Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing. 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  size. 

Irrigating:   Pumps.     Steam,   Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.BOOTH.  GEO.  W.PRESCOTT.  IRVING  M.SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

"We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILLlT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  ei  ery- 
thing  required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
6v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


the  :Risr>o:x 
Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Director*: 
Win.  Alvord,  O.  J.  Brenham,  O.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  St.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGEB  "aTioLAMD, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  Bhort  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  mating  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


Miners'   Foundry   and    Machine   Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  het.  Howard  and  Fo]60m,  San  Fbancisoo. 

Machinery  and.  Castings  of  all  kinds. 

7v23tf 


Machinery. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  C0.; 

MANTJFACTUHERS     OP 


"WOOD-WORKING  EMACHINERTT, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

P  HIT .  A  T>P!T  .PHIA  . 


ay  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v23-ly 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  125  first  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kihds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hlnges.Shlp  andSteamboat  Bellsana 
Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  fcindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
draulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
j®-  PRICES  MODERATE.  -£* 
J.   H.  WEED-  V.  KINGWELL. 


March  16,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


175 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  thfl  UsakanJca'  Institute  Fair,  Son  Frun- 
Cisco,  and  SUtti  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  aro  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  bavo  ever  used;  feed  con- 
Htuntlv  \<y  pressure,  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  r.  pulated  under  tho  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  tbr-'U«h  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  Ihe  steam  pipe 
0;  u  t  cm  becomefl  greasy  steam,  passen  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroko  of  tho  engine:  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rod"  and  stems  lastB  longer,  and  tho  rintis  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  Inst  from  throe 
to  nix  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valvu  to  6hut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  H,  1H71.  Manufactured  by 
California  BraHS  Works.  1*5  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  SiN  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
REAPER  AND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
CharltH  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  it  Co.,"  is  thin  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24,  1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


JOS.    THORNHILX, 
Bricklayer   and    Contractor. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Work, 
such  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,  etc. 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  White,  47  Clay  street,  JOS. 
THORNHTLL,  1612  Mason  street,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  24v21-3m 

XVELSSOiN    Sc  r>OBLE, 

AQK.VT8   FOB 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


KNOWLES'    PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Received  the  Highest  Award — A  Diploma — 

Over  all  Steam  Pump   Competitors,  at  Mechanics*  Institute  Fair  of  San  Francisco, 
1871 ;   alBO  Special  Medal  and  Diploma  at  State  Fair. 


It  lias  no  Cranks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  tilled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC  R.  R.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC,} 
Sacbamemto,  Cal,,  April  14, 1871.  J 

A.  L.  FISH,  Esq.,  Agent  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  San  FranciBco— Dear  Sir;  In  reply  to  yonr  inquiry  as 
to  the  merits  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  in  ubo  upon  this  road,  I  will  say  that  we  have  nineteen  of  them  in 
use  on  this  road  as  Are  engines,  and  pumping  water  for  shop  and  station  use.  I  consider  the  Knowles  Steam 
Pump  the  best  in  use,  and  prefer  it  to  any  othor.    Yours  truly,       A.  J.  STEVENS,  General  Master  Mechanic. 


THE 


WE    BTJTLD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

LARGEST   STOCK   OF    PUMPS   IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Every  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

No   ©  First  iSStreet,  JSan  Francisco,  Cal. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Sledge*)    Hammer*,    Stone    Cutters',    Black 

smiths*  and  Horse-Shoers'  Tools. 

13  and  IS  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
lOvUqr 

SHEET    IRON    FIFE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Aro  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  A8PHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  Bame  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  oipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
"WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  "Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  hored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  R^tes. 

«y  All  kindB  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 

THE 

Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

118  Front  street,  San  Feanoisco. 

Patent   Oomhination  Oarbolized  Steam  Tire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum.  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  CasketB,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

.Buckets. 


12vJ3-3ni 


J.  "W.  TAYIjOE,  Agent. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADTAXCES  MADE 

Ob  all  kinds  of  Ores,  and  particular  nttentloi 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  GOODS. 

4vl6-3m 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

4-1    Monl.ic**mvry  St.  ii|>  stulrs. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores, 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  ProdudtB,  Mineral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Ktc. 

One  or  two  pupilB  can  receive  theoretical  and  practt* 
cal  instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particului 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  tho  laboratory-  HVJl-Sm 


LEOPOLD     KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assay  ex"  autl  Metallurgical 

CHEMIST, 
No.    Oil     Commerclul    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mint-. 

Sam  Feanoisco,  Cal.  7v21-3u 


HENDY'S 
Improved     Lamont    Steam    Engine    Regulator, 

WITH    STOP    VALVE    ATTACHED. 

P»  EBFECTLT    RELIABLE. 

Rapidly  Superceding  all   other 

GOVERNORS 

Wherever  introduced. 

"We    Invite   tlio    Attention    of   those 

INTERESTED    IN    OB    USING 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

TO  or/R 

IMPROVED  REGULATOR  AND  CUT-OFF, 

FOR   EITHER 

Stationary  or  Portable 

ENGINES. 
An   Examination   "Will 

BE      SUFFICIENT      TO      SATISFY     THE 

MOST     SKEPTICAL 

OP    ITS    TJTXL.ITY    -A.ND 

SIMPLICITY, 

And  the  many  References  in  Out  Possession 

FROM    ENGINEERS    WHO    ARE 

Using  them,  attest  their 

PRACTICAL    SU  PERIORITY 

Over  all  others. 

We  refer  to  Union  Iron  Works;  Pacific  Iron 
Works;  Fulton  Iron  Works;  M.  Taylor,  Grass 
Yalley;  Phoenix  Quicksilver  Mining  Co.,  Napa 
Co. ;  Samuel  MeCurdy,  Nevada  Co.,  and  others. 

JOSHUA    HENDY, 

Office  and  Works,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Hendy's  Ore  Ooncentratcrs  and  Circular  Saw  Mills.  4v24-lam-tf 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

ltlD'i'ir.A'    l.KkllAKIIT. 
Ores   Crnahed,   Sampled    and    Assayed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorlnation  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  wo  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur- 
leal  ques  tlons  given.  26v21-3ni 

«T.  W.   THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S-  W.  Howland  &  Co..) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignmeni. 

■  ALL  ORDERS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-6in 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    Gia    CALIFORNIA.    STREET, 

One  Door  "West  of  Montgomery San  Francisc  o. 

J.   A.   MARS,   Assayer. 

■y  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  WaterB,  etc.       10v20 


Q.  W. BTRONQ. 


W.  L.  BTBONQ 


G.  W.   STRONG   &  CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  eto.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  core.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  "Wire,  Etc.,  Eto, 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RATNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22vL8- 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS    OF    AND    DEALERS    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayer6, 
ChemiBts,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  OompanieB, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  o( 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mineB  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  k  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  "Weights— Grains  and  GrammeB. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  ABsay  Moulds,  Scorifl- 
erB,  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers — 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware- a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bai  s  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS   AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  ABhes,  Litharce. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
t&~  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Graiua  and 
GrammeB,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  k  CO. 


176 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  16,  1872. 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

-Established  in  1860,  this  weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repn- 
tation  as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ABIZONA,  COLOEADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  Summary  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  U.  S. ;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incorporations,  Share  Mar- 
ket, Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  i^with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit- 
able at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 

DEWEY    &   CO., 

SCIENTIFIC     PRESS 

U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 

PATENT    AGENCY. 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  side  of  the  continent. 
Established  in  1860.  Inventors  can  rely  npon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Long  familiarity  with 
Mining,  Farming,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
this  coaBt,  enables  ua  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Inventors  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Union,  and  oftentimes  save  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  wobthy.  inventions  patented  by  us 
"will  he  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  most  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Press  and 
the  Pacific  Rural  Press. 

Send  for  our  52-page  illustrated  Patent  CraooxAB^ 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  Btamp.  AIbo  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870; 

BEWEY    *    CO., 
No.  338  Montgomery    st.,    S.   E.    cor.    California   Bt. 

diagonally  across  from  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  8.  F. 

From  a  Lady  Inventor. 

Antioch,  Contra  CoBta  county,  Cal.,  Feb.  29, 1872.- 
MeBsrs.  Dewey  &  Co.:  I  take  great  pleasure  in  acknowl- 
edging the  receipt  of  letters  patent  for  dish-washing 
machine.  Please  accept  many  thanks  for  the  expe- 
ditious manner  in  which  you  have  done  the  business  I 
intrusted  to  you.  I  am  perfectly  satisfied  that  your 
firm  haB  no  superiors  as  patent  solicitors  or  legal  ad- 
visers in  patent  matters  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

Catherine  Woodruff. 

COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Prebs  can  be  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapeBt  and  best  information  on  mining  and 
the  industry  of  this  coaBt  of  any  work  published. 


ELECTRO-CHEMICAL 

Dry     Amalgamation. 
THE    P  A  U  T  PRO  C  ESS. 

WONDERFUL      RESULTS 

BY 

Practical     "Working. 

OVER    $1,000    DIFFERENCE    lFlWENTY-TW0    TONS   OF    ORE. 

The  Tailings  of   20  Tons  of   Ore,  Worked   in   Pans,  and  Netting  $8.14  per  Ton, 
Yielded  by  this  Process  $293.27  ! 

BASE    OKES    "WOBKED,    AND    BULLION    FEOM    960    TO    999-1000    FINE. 
OTHER    MCILI^S    OBDEBED. 


.A.    Revolution    in    M!  illing    Ores. 

READ    THE    F0LL  DWIN G    STATEMENTS: 

Dun  Glen,  March,  1872. 

Mk.  AiiMABiK  B.  Paul — Sik: — Tours  asking  for  statement  of  tests  made  at  Sprague 
&  Co.'s  new  mill  at  this  place  is  received,  and  we  here  cheerfully  oomply  as  follows: 
We  reduced  22  tons  of  ore  from  the  Auburn  mine,  owned  by  Messrs.  Wright  &  Went- 
worth,  containing  besides  Gold  and  Silver,  Magnetic  Iron,  Carbonate  Oxide,  and  Sul- 
phuret  of  Lead.  The  22  tons  worked  by  your  process,  paid  $107  per  ton.  Eleven 
tons  of  same  ore  worked  in  pans,  paid  $53  per  ton.  The  bullion  from  your  process 
runs  as  high  as  989-1000  fine. 

We  also  worked  the  tailings  of  a  lot  of  20  tons  of  ore  from  the  Monroe  Mine,  which 
ore  in  the  first  instance  was  reduced  by  battery  and  pan  process,  at  Essex  Mill,  and 
paid  $8.14  per  ton.  The  tailings  from  this  lot  yielded  by  your  process,  $293.27.  The 
bullion  per  battery  and  pan  working,  was  584  fine;  by  your  process  as  per  certificates 
of  San  Francisco  Assaying  and  Befining  Works,  was  960  fine.  The  loss  of  mercury 
was  less  than  half  a  pound  per  ton. 

We  also  made  a  test  on  a  small  lot  of  Iron  Sulphurets  from  Monroe  Mine,  very 
closely  concentrated,  and  which  had  been  previously  worked  by  battery  and  pan 
amalgamation,  and  which  had  been  salted,  oxidized,  and  worked  several  times  pre- 
viously— each  time  yielding  some  low  grade  bullion.  This  lot  was  treated  by  your 
process,  and  to  our  astonishment  obtained  more  metal  in  value,  than  we  had  gained 
by  all  the  several  previous  working,  though  very  carefully  done.  The  bullion  by 
last  working,  as  per  certificate  of  California  Assay  office,  was  999-1000  fine. 

We  have  now  commenced  on  the  "  Lang  Syne"  ore,  from  a  mine  belonging  to  the 
"  Great  Central  Mining  Co.  of  San  Francisco,"  the  results  of  which  speak  more  for 
your  process,  and  the  great  revolution  the  system  is  likely  to  inaugurate,  and  of  its 
inestimable  value,  than  any  tests  we  can  give  you.  That  you  may  fully  understand 
this  we  must  particularize. 

In  1863-4-5,  the  Lang  Syne  mine  was  worked,  and  in  1864  a  mill  erected  for  reduc- 
tion of  its  ores,  and  over  $100,000.00  expended  and  lost.  The  ore  could  not  be  made 
to  pay. 

The  operation  was  pronounced  a  failure,  and  the  mill  removed.  Tests  of  ten  and 
twenty  tons  were  also  worked  at  the  Essex  Mill,  having  all  the  then  modern  improve- 
ments, with  like  unsatisfactory  results.  The  mill  just  erected  for  the  working  of  your 
Process  is  built  upon  the  same  spot  where  the  old  mill  stood.  We  have  now  worked 
a  number  of  tons  of  a  class  of  ore  of  which  there  are  hundreds  of  tons  in  sight,  with 
the  result  of  $30  per  ton,  and  bullion  966  fine— being  more  than  double  the  result  ob- 
tained in  other  mills. 

The  same  renewed  life  which  this  locality  has  received  through  the  introduction  of 
your  radically  improved  system,  we  are  certain  can  be  extended  to  others  similarly 
situated,  by  the  introduction  of  your  mills. 

We  will  add  that  we  have  no  difficulty  in  saving  the  mercury,  and  assert  that  the 
loss  on  all  ores  can  be  brought  within  that  of  pan  amalgamation,  and  ordinarily  very 
considerably  less.  Under  all  circumstances,  it  is  bright,  active  and  pure,  and  is  used 
over  and  over  again  without  any  cleansing  or  retorting. 

Your  self-feeding  and  self-discharging  Pulverizing  Barrel  is,  without  exception,  one 
of  the  most  complete  reducers  that  we  have  ever  seen.  Its  capacity  is  fully  equal  to 
your  estimates  of  it,  receiving  ore  from  No.  14  wire  cloth. 

The  pulverizing  of  ore  by  quartz,  instead  of  iron,  is  not  only  cheaper  but  much 
better. 

If  desirable,  we  will,  at  any  time,  give  results  of  our  working. 

Tours,  SPBAGUE  &  CO. 

CHAS.  D.  SMYTH, 
Sup't.  of  Sprague  &  Co's.  Mill,  also  Great  Central  M.  Co's.  Mines. 
As  corroborative  testimony,  the  following  from  the  owners  of  the  Auburn  Mine 
speaks  for  itself. 

Dun  Glen,  Humboldt  Co. ,  Nevada. 
Mb.  Almarin  B.  Paul — Dear  Sir: — As  we  have  completed  the  working  at  Sprague 
&  Co's.  Mill  of  the  ore  from  our  mine,  by  your  Electro-Chemical  Dry  Amalgamating 
Process,  we  are  prepared  to  give  its  comparative  merits  with  our  old  system  of  work- 
ing in  pans.  We  had  eleven  tons  of  ore  worked  at  the  Essex  Mill  by  Pan  Process. 
The  returns  were  $53  per  ton,  with  bullion  heavily  charged  with  base  metals.  The 
quantity  worked  by  your  Process  was  twenty-two  tons,  and  the  returns  $107  per  ton, 
with  bullion  as  high  as  989-1000  fine  U.  S.  Mint  assay.  All  the  ore  was  from  the 
same  mine,  and  the  first  extracted.  It  contained,  with  the  precious  metals,  Sulphuret, 
Carbonate  and  Oxide  of  lead,  some  zinc. 

Your  Process  we  regard  as  cheap,  simple  and  practical,  and  are  satisfied  it  can 
work  ore  to  a  much  higher  percentage  than  pans,  and  produce  fine  bullion ;  in  fact,  we 
believe  it  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  improvements  in  Quartz  Mining  of  the  age. 

Bespectfully  yours, 

JOHN  WENTWOETH 
JOHN  WEIGHT. 


We,  the  undersigned,  Quartz  Mill  Builders  of  Humboldt  County,  Nevada,  having 
examined  the  mechanical  construction  of  the  machinery  which  make  up  the  "Paul 
Process,"  at  Sprague  &  Co's.  new  mill,  Dun  Glen,  give  it  as  our  opinion,  that  the 
same  is  mechanical  in  design,  simple  in  construction,  and  practical  in  operation. 

JAS.  G.  HUTTON. 

J.  S.  O'DONNELL. 

P.  W.  CUNNINGHAM. 

This  Process  GATHEES  THE  FLOUE  GOLD  as  easily  as  the  coarser,  and  will 
WOBK  SILVEE  OEES  to  a  higher  percentage  than  any  system  of  raw  amalgamation. 
It  is  cheap,  and  requires  no  scientific  labor  to  work  it.  Pamphlets  forwarded  free  of 
expense  on  receipt  of  address.    For  further  particulars  apply  to 

ALMABIN    B.    PATJIj, 

Wo.    318   California  Street,   Sail  Francisco. 


"W.  T.  GARRATT  &  CO- 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

atANTTFACTUBEBB  OF 

Brass,  Zinc-and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

CA8TIN  GS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

T1TERN     AND       „ .AND     BELLS',     OOXOS, 

FIRE   ENGINES,  FORGE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per  Rivets,  etc.  Grange  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
GlobeB,  Steam  "Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Mamifac 
turer  of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

B^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GARRATT,  JAMES  HTLLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPATJLDIKTG, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTtTREB   OF 

SPATILDUVGr'S* 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  In  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in   every  respeoti 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
EAWHEDE 

BELTINQ    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  ROYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 


Hubbard,   Lippincott,    Bakewell  &   Co., 


MANUFACTURERS. 

J,  E,  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  are  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lippencott  <£ 
Tuille's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  o 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbard  Bro.  &  Co.  and  Ltpfencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND"  SPADEF. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  will  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest   Market   Prices, 

And  all  "Warranted  of  SUPERIOB  QUALITY. 

BST  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  address 

HUBBARD,  LIPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
mall-lGp-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

$4  00 

3  00 

5  00 

6  00 
15  00 

All  the  Year  Round. . 

W.  E.  L00MIS, 
News  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

SUPPLIES   ALL 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BT  THK 

Tear,  Month,  or  Number, 


MIINTIINTGr    BUREAU 


-OF  THE — 


Pacific  Coast. 

Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Consulate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Building),  Room  32,  Tbird  floor. 

J.  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.  Hutohtnb,  secretary. 

N.B.— Application  for  Registry,  ^r  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary, San  Francisco  office. 


BY    DEWKY    A.     OO. 
J»n  tout    SollOl  tors. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  23,  1872. 


VOLUME     X  X  IV. 


Pelton's  Improved  Horse-Power. 

Oar  illustration  represents  an  improved 
horse-power  which  combines  strength, 
compactness,  a  largo  wearing  surface  and 
consequent  durability.  It  consists  of  two 
seta  of  triple  gears,  one  arranged  above 
the  other,  both  of  them  driven  by  tho 
same  master-wheel.  A  case  or  boxing  of 
novel  construction  and  application  covers 
the  gearing  or  moving  parts,  which  pro- 
tects tho  power  from  dust  and  foreign 
bodies  and  men  from  dangor  of  accident. 
A  represents  the  bed-framo  upon  which 
the  horso-powor  is  secured.  Tho  annular 
metal  base  plate  is  properly  secured  upon 
the  framo  A,  and  has  a  raised  outer  rim  or 
vertical  flange,  C,  -which  is  formed  into 
alternate  raises  and  depressions,  making 
the  lower  half  or  section  of  a  circular  box. 
Tho  double  set  of  trijjle  gears  are  arrang- 
ed inside  of  this  section  of  the  box,  the 
two  sots  being  arranged  in  alternation, 
and  each  of  tho  six-toothed  wheels  on- 
gaging  with  the  centre  pinion  which  is 
made  with  a  suflicent  face  to  admit  the 
engagement  of  both  sets  of  triple  gears. 
The  horizontal  bevel  wheel  is  driven  by 
the  centre  pinion  being  secured  to  the 
lower  end  of  the  same  shaft,  and  it  in  turn 
drives  the  tumbling-rod.  JVis  the  upper 
half  of  the  circular  case,  inside  of  which 
the  train  of  gears  is  placed,  and  it  is  ar- 
ranged with  a  downward  projecting  flaDge, 
0,  which  is  also  provided  with  alternate 
raises  and  depressions  corresponding  to 
those  on  the  lower  half,  so  that  when  the 
two  flanges  are  placed  together  the  pro- 
jections will  interlock  and  form  a  snugly- 
fitting  side  to  the  case,  so  as  to  resist  the 
torsion  consequent  on  the  application  of 
the  power.  The  upper  section  of  the  box, 
N,  is  also  annular,  and  recesses  are  made  in 
the  proper  position  around  its  inner  edge, 
through  which  the  pinions  pass,  so  as  to 
stand  above  the  upper  face  of  the  upper 
section,  iV. 

A  raised  ring  is  secured  around  the 
inner  edge  and  above  the  circular  opening 
in  the  upper  section,  2f,  being  secured  to  it 
by  flanges  which  project  downward  bo  as 
to  leave  sufficient  space  above  the  .recess 
to  allow  the  master-pinions  to  project 
above  the  case  or  box.  The  journals  on 
the  upper  end  of  the  vertical  shafts  which 
carry  the  double  set  of  triple  gears,  bear 
and  are  supported  in  the  holes  in  this 
ring,  while  the  journal  of  tho  shaft  which 
carries  the  center  pinion  bears  in  the  cross 
bar  below.  The  master-wheel,  TJ,  is  an 
annular  one  with  internal  gears.  In  order 
to  protect  the  gearing  inside  of  the  box,  a 
cap  or  cover,  V,  is  secured  upon  the  raised 
ring,  thus  entirely  concealing  the  operating 
parts,  and  preventing  the  master-wheel 
from  being  lifted  or  displaced  by  any 
means. 

The  four  levers,  x,  to  which  the  horses 
are  attached,  are  secured  to  the  master- 
wheel  by  means  of  a  hook  or  curved  bar, 
Y,  which  is  secured  to  the  end  of 
each  lever  so  that  the  hook  shall 
extend  beyond  the  end  and  in  a 
line    with   the   lever.     Holes    or     slots, 


z,  aro  made  through  the  upper  faoe  of  the 
master-wheel,  parallel  with  its  rim,  and 
the  hooks,  1'  insorted  by  olovating  the 
outer  ond  of  tho  lover  until  the  end  of  the 
hook  enters  the  slot,  2.  The  lever  when 
depressed  will  then  be  supported  upon  the 
master-wheel  by  the  binding  of  the  hooks 
upon  the  under  side  of  the  wheel.  Tho 
braces,  e,  are  provided  at  one  end  with  a 
similar  hook  which  is  inserted  into  the  slots, 
2',  in  the  vertical  rim  of  the  annular  master- 
wheel  in  the  same  manner  as  that  of  the 
lovers.  The  outer  extromity  of  the  braces, 
e,  are  secured  to  the  levers  near  their 
outer  ends  by  a  loose  joint. 

By  this  manner  of  arranging  and  apply- 
ing the  triple  gears,  a  large  amount  of 
wearing  surface  is  secured,  and  the  strain 
is  distributed  more  evenly,  thus  insuring 
durability  and  strength,  while  the  entire 
machine  is  at  tho  same  time  in  a  compact 
and  convenient  form. 

The  arrangement   of  the  box  or  inclos- 


cogs  bright  and  smooth,  owing  to  the  great 
extent  of  bearing  surface.  This  invention 
was  patented  through  the  Scientific 
Press  Agency  by  Samuel  Pelton,  of 
Marysville,  Cal.,  who  may  bo  addressed 
at  that  place  for  further  information. 


The  Mining  Incorporation  Bill. 

The  "  Mining  Corporation  Bill,"  one  of 
the  most  important  that  has  come  before 
the  Legislature  this  session,  passed  the 
Senate  after  a  determined  opposition,  on 
the  l'Jth  inst.  It  provides  that  one-half 
of  the  stockholders  of  a  company  may  call 
a  general  meeting  at  any  time,  and  that 
two-thirds  of  all  the  stockniay  remove  trus- 
tees and  appoint  new  ones  in  their  stead. 
One-third  of  the  stockholders  may  call 
for  a  statement  of  the  affairs  of  the  com- 
pany. The  provisions  of  the  bill  will  do 
much  to  secure  persons  of  small  means  in 
holding   mining  stocks,  but  would   have 


PELTON'S  IMPROVED   HORSE-POWER. 


iug  case  is  at  once  economical  and  conven- 
ient. While  it  not  only  protects  the  gear- 
ing itself  from  injury,  it  completely  obvi- 
ates any  liability  of  accident  to  life  or  limb, 
which  the  ordinary  open  horse-power  is 
apt  to  occasion.  It  also  excludes  dust  and 
dirt  from  the  machinery,  so  that  it  will  not 
be  necessary  to  be  continually  cleaning 
the  journals  from  the  accumulation  of 
gummy  or  other  matter,  thus  saving  oil 
and  time,  while  the  machine  will  run  much 
easier  on  account  of  its  keeping  clean. 

The  device  for  attaching  the  levers  and 
braces  is  especially  useful,  as  it  will  allow 
of  all  neccessary  changes  in  the  elevation 
of  the  outer  extremities  of  the  levers,  without 
in  any  way  affecting  the  attachment;  while 
it  at  the  same  time  provides  a  strong,  sim 
pie  and  convenient  means  of  attaching 
these  pieces  to  the  horse-power.  Ow- 
ing to  the  extended  surface  of  the  jour- 
nals the  power  only  needs  oiling  once  a 
day.  The  construction  of  this  power  is 
such  that,  as  will  be  evident  to  any  one 
familiar  with  this  class  of  machines, 
from  25  to  50  per  cent,  more  power  can  be 
gained  with  the  same  steam  than  any  other 
horse-power  will  furnish,  and  it  will  take 
at  least  30  days'  use  in  driving 
threshing  machine  to  get  the  master  piston  |  to  uphold. 


been  still  better  if  a  simple  majority  of 
the  stockholders  had  the  power  to  remove 
trustees  when  desirable.  Heretofore  the 
trustees  of  mining  companies  have  been 
elected  for  one  year,  and  having  complete 
control,  did  pretty  much  as  they  pleased 
without  regard  to  the  wishes  of  the  stock- 
holders. 

There  has  long  been  a  necessity  of  a  law 
of  this  kind,  and  many  a  man  who  has 
been  fleeced  of  hard  earnings  by  the  ma- 
nipulations of  stock  by  trustees  will  be  glad 
to  know  that  people  are  now  to  have  some 
protection.  Mines  have  been  run  in  the 
interest  of  trustees  and  not  for  the  benefit 
of  the  parties  who  pay  the  assessments 
and  furnish  the  money.  The  stocks  are 
"bulled  and  beared  "by  parties  on  the 
"  inside  "  without  any  apparent  relation  to 
the  actual  value  of  the  mines  themselves. 
A  mine  may  run  up,  according  to  the  value 
of  its  stock  from  $100,000  to  $3,000,000 
during  a  year,  and  yet  be  actually  worth 
no  more  at  the  end  than  at  the  beginning. 
Another  gr'eat  evil  has  been  that  the  trus- 
tees have  frequently  used  the  funds  of  the 
company  at  different  times  for  the  purpose 
of  manipulating  the  stock  of  the  very 
mines  whose  interests  they  were  supposed 


As  the  means  of  carrying  on  the  busi- 
ness of  mining  is  moat  conveniently  done 
by  means  of  incorporated  companies,  that 
great  interest  should  be  as  properly  pro- 
tected as  possible,  and  in  no  way  can  it  be 
done  better  than  by  restraining  the  acts  of 
unreliable  trustees,  and  allowing  the  real 
owners  of  mines  a  voice  in  the  affairs  of 
the  company  they  support.  The  bill  as 
passed  will  prove  of  great  value  to  all  who 
are  interested  in  mining  operations  and 
cause  a  reform  in  many  practices  which 
have  heretofore  been  indulged  in  to  the 
detriment  of  parties  buying  mining  stock 
as  a  legitimate  investment. 

State   Geological  Survey. 

The  bill  providing  for  the  continuance 
of  the  State  Geological  Survey  and  appro- 
priating $2,000  per  month  to  defray  ex- 
penses, has  been  signed  by  the  Governor, 
and  that  necessary  and  highly  useful  work 
will  now  go  on  towards  completion.  The 
leading  papers  of  the  State  have  advocated 
the  cause  of  the  Survey  strenuously,  and 
although  considerable  opposition  has  been 
manifested  by  a  few  non-progressive  mem- 
bers of  the  community  and  those  who  have 
no  desire  to  promote  the  cause  of  science, 
we  are  pleased  to  see  that  the  members  of 
the  Legislature  and  the  Governor  have 
been  fully  awake  to  the  interests  of  the 
State  in  taking  the  neccessary  steps  to  en- 
sure its  successful  operation.  We  have 
already  given  a  description  of  the  work  that 
has  been  accomplished  by  Prof.  Whitney 
and  his  able  corps  of  assistants,  and  that 
which  it  proposes  to  do.  If  the  maps  and 
books  that  have  been,  and  will  be,  issued 
by  the  Survey  were  in  such  places  as  to  be 
convenient  to  the  miners  throughout  the 
State,  for  reference,  that  particular  class 
of  men,  who  represent  a  large  and  grow- 
ing interest,  would  be  materially  benefit- 
ted. But  not  only  to  them,  but  to  the 
farmers,  and  in  fact  all  classes  of  our 
community  will  the  advantage  of  the  work 
accomplished,  accrue.  The  Bulletin  puts 
forth  a  very  good  suggestion  that  the  Ge- 
ologist ought  to  be  authorized  to  forward 
copies  of  the  books  to  learned  societies  in 
America  and  Europe,  and  sto  the  leading 
libraries  in  this  State  and  elsewhere. 
This  would  not  only  bring  credit  upon  the 
people  of  this  Coast  as  an  enlightened  and 
progressive  community,  but  the  exchang- 
es we  would  be  likely  to  receive  would 
be  of  great  use  to  us.  We  hope  shortly  to 
hear  of  the  completion  of  the  maps  which 
are  in  hand  at  the  office  of  the  Survey,  and 
congratulate  not  only  Professor  Wliitney, 
but  the  people  of  the  State  of  California, 
that  this  most  necessary  measure  is  now 
sure  of  completion. 

>    1     ^m  'i  » 

The  Commerce  of  the  World.— The 
aggregate  international  commerce  of  the 
world,  at  the  present  time,  is  estimated  at 
$9,237,000,000  in  value.  Of  this  large 
amount  Great  Britain ,  mainly  through  her 
subsidized  steamship  lines,  is  able  to  con- 
trol within  a  fraction  of  $3,000,000,000— 
or  nearly  one-third  of  the  entire  world's 
commerce.  It  behoves  the  United  States 
to  be  actively  in  earnest,  in  reconstructing 
her  commercial  marine. 


178 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  23,  1872. 


Correspondence. 


Notes  of   Travel  in  Yuba  and  Nevada 
Connties. 

[By  our  Traveling  Correspondent.] 
Timbuctoo, 

Situated  on  tho  South  Yuba  river,  about 
17  miles  east  of  Marysville,  is  not  a  very 
prepossessing  place,  although  located  ad- 
jacent to  some  of  the  richest  deep  channel 
mining  in  the  State.  It  contains  at  pres 
ent  only  about  100  inhabitants;  its  present 
dilapidated  condition  may  be  attributed  to 
its  close  proximity  to  two  other  mining 
camps,  each  striving  for  the  mastery  to 
furnish  goods  and  amusement  for  the 
laboring  miner. 

The  Babb  Claim 
Consists  of  a  portion  of  the  celebrated 
"Blue  Lead,"  and  is  situated  %  mile  east 
of  Timbuctoo.  The  works  consist  of  a 
10-stamp  mill,  run  by  water  power,  for 
crushing  cement;  not  at  present  in  opera- 
tion because  they  are  engaged  in  stripping, 
preparatory  to  taking  out  cement.  The 
mill  will  be  running  again  about  the  25th 
insfc.  James  O'Brien  is  Supt.,  and  John 
Boyer  is  Foreman;  at  present  working  8 
men;  the  amount  of  bullion  realized  from 
this  claim  is  satisfying  its  owners,  and  in 
times  past,  has  paid  fabulously. .  Giant 
powder  is  used  in  this  claim  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  and  gives  general  satisfac- 
tion. 

Sucker  Flat 
Is  a  stirring  little  mining  camp  2  miles  N. 

B.  of  Timbuctoo,  and  consists  of  aboui 
350  inhabitants.  Two  quite  large  mercan- 
tile esiablishments  are  carried  on  here  h) 
D.  Doherty  and  B.  L.  Crary;  the  latter 
has  lately  erected  at  this  place  a  fine 
skating  rink,  completed,  I  believe,  in  Nov. 
last.  The  building  is  50x123  feet,  the 
main  hall  50x70,  with  a  stage  30x50  feet, 
with  dressing  rooms  complete;  this  struct- 
ure has  65,000  feet  of  lumber  in  it,  and 
cost  $5,000.  The  different  mining  com- 
panies in  this  section,  of  which  you  have 
said  more  or  less  of  late,  are  all  running 
their  usual  complement  of  men,  and  the 
dividend  paying  companies  are  taking  out 
the  usual  amount  of  bullion. 

Smartsville. 
This   camp   ia   situated  3   miles  east  of 
Timbuctoo,  and  about  one  mile  south  of 
Sucker  flat.     It  contains   about  400  in- 
habitants, but  at  present  is  quite  dull.     C. 

C.  Duhain  and  J.  McAllis  &  Co.  are  the 
merchants  of  this  place,  the  latter  attend 
to  the  postal  aflairs.  There  is  also  a  hotel 
here,  and  I  neglected  to  say  that  Timbuc- 
too and  Sucker  Flat  were  similarly  pro 
vided  for,  but  if  one  good  first-class  hotel 
was  to  start  in  the  vicinity  of  these  three 
camps  it  would  do  the  business  of  all. 

Rough  &  Ready,  Nevada  County, 
Is  located  4  miles  west  of  Grass  Valley. 
It  contains  about  150  inhabitants,  and  at 
the  present  writing  is  the  dullest  camp  in 
the  State.  One  redeeming  feature  here  is 
that  the  accommodations  at  its  hotel  are 
equal  to  the  best  average  of  the  interior. 
Rich  Placer  Deposit. 
Bees  &  Depew,  owners  of  a  (heretofore 
ordinary)  placer  claim,  located  one  mile 
east  of  Bough  &  Beady,  and  three  miles 
west  of  Grass  Valley,  had  the  good  luck  to 
run  across  a  very  rich  deposit  of  gold,  in  a 
strata  of  decayed  quartz.  A  specimen 
shown  your  correspondent  weighing  about 
$40,  looked  to  contain  about  10  to  12  per 
cent,  of  iron;  these  gentlemen  own  300  feet 
of  this  lead  running  northeast  and  south- 
west, and  friends  of  the  above  have  taken 
up  extensions  in  either  direction  for  a  half 
mile.  The  amount  taken  ftom  this  claim 
since  this  rich  deposit  was  found,  will  not 
exceed  $500,  but  15  ounces  of  that  was 
taken  out  in  one  afternoon,  the  probability 
is  that  it  is  of  considerable  extent.  In 
reaching  this  deposit,  soft  granite  is  passed 
through,  then  a  combination  of  iron  py- 
rites, then  a  pink  colored  quartz;  between 
the  two  latter  formations  the  gold  is  found, 
some  of  the  nuggets,  show  distinctly  two 
different  deposits  or  formations  in  the 
same  piece  of  gold;  the  upper  portion  be- 
ing not  over  780,  while  the  lower  is  at 
least  900  fine. 

Union  Gravel  M.  Co., 
Is  an  incorporation  of  8,000  shares,   with' 
a  capital  Stock  of   $800,000,   one  half   of 
which  is  owned  by  the  North-Bloomfield 
Gravel   M.  Co.,  the  remainder  by  A.   E. 


Davis,  C.  J.  Brenham,  A.  H.  Barker  and 
W.  W.  Nichols.  The  latter  mentioned, 
acting  as  general  Supt.  This  claim  is  sit- 
uated upon  the  celebrated  deep-channel 
"Blue  Lead,"  midway  between  North  Co- 
lumbia and  Lake  City;  and  about  9  miles 
north  of  Nevada.  City;  principal  business 
office  420  California  street,  San  Francisco. 
This  Company  own  1%  miles  in  length, 
on  the  channel  of  the  lead,  which  at  this 
point  is  about  one-half  mile  wide.  There 
is  no  probability  that  the  next  generation 
will  see  it  worked  out.  This  claim  has 
been  worked  for  3  years  past,  but  hydraulic 
washing  has  been  done  but  about  6  months 
of  that  time.  At  present  they  are  working 
two  of 

The  Hydraulic  Chief, 
Fisher's  Patent,  of  Nevada  City,  which 
give  general  satisfaction.  This  company's 
improvements  consist  in  part  of  2,000  ft. 
of  Hume,  40  inches  wide  by  20  inches  deep, 
with  10  inches  grade  to  every  14  ft.,  ali 
blocked  with  20  inch  square  blocks,  6 
inches  thick;  2,175  ft.  of  15  inch  pipe,  and 
800  ft.  of  18  inch  pipe — also  a  reservoir 
built  last  year  at  a  cost  of  $5,200,  situated 
one  mile  from  the  present  workings.  This 
reservoir  has  a  capacity  of  supplying  500 
inches  of  water  for  48  hours,  when  full, 
without  receiving  a  drop.  At  present,  400 
inches  of  water  run  into  their  reservoir 
night  and  day,  equal  to  1,050  inches  of 
water  for  10  hours  run — which  amount, 
they  are  using  at  the  present  writing, 
i'o  get  a  lower  grade  of  152  ft.  below  the 
present  working,  this  company  are  en- 
gaged in  running  a 

Large  Tunnel, 
Which,  when  completed,  will  be  1,500 
feet  in  length,  6  feet  4  inches  high,  by  6 
feet  wide,  with  a  grade  of  6  inches  to  every 
12  feet.  This  tunnel  was  commenced 
Aug.  18th,  1870,  and  has  been  worked 
with  from  two  to  three  shifts  per  day  to 
within  the  last  7  or  8  weeks,  by  hand  drill- 
ing, but  the  rock  was  of  such  a  character 
that  it  would  have  discouraged  the  most 
persistent  set  of  men  in  the  State.  So  slow 
was  their  progress  that  the  distance  made 
m  the  face  of  the  tunnel  for  a  month  could 
be  reached  with  a  ten-foot  pole.  After 
due  deliberation,  counting  the  cost  and 
time,  for  adding  more  improved  machin- 
ery, the  Company  finally  adopted  one  of 
Messrs.  Severance  &  Holt's 

Celebrated  Diamond  Drills, 
At  a  cost  of  $4,1)00.  After  many  delays  of 
an  unavoidable  nature,  such  as  bad  roads, 
caused  by  the  inclemancy  of  the  weather, 
this  drill  was  put  in  successful  operation. 
To  say  that  it  gives  satisfaction,  would  not 
in  this  case  suffice,  for  they  are  overjoyed 
at  its  success;  they  are  now  making  from 
'lYi  to  4  feet  per  day,  with  three  shifts  of  8 
hours  each,  in  the  same  kind  of  rock  above 
mentioned.  Mr.  W.  W.  Nichols,  the  gen- 
tlemanly superintendent  of  this  mine, 
speaks  in  the  highest  praise  of  this  drill, 
and  adds  in  so  many  words,  it  is  a  great 
success,  doing  more  work  in  one  day,  with 
the  number  of  men  above  quoted,  than 
twice  as  many  could  do  in  the  same  tunnel 
in  a  week.  This  drill  is  run  by  a  Hurdy- 
Gurdy  wheel,  placed  on  the  rear  of  the 
drill  carriage,  which  is  driven  by 

Hydraulic  Pressure, 
The  water  for  which  is  conducted  3,000  ft. 
through  an  11  inch  pipe,  to  the  mouth  of 
the  tunnel  under  a  274  ft.  pressure;  from 
the  mouth  of  the  tunnel  to  the  drill  at  its 
present  position,  925  feet  in,  by  a  7  inch 
pipe;  there  it  is  thrown  into  the  hurdy- 
gurdy  wheel  4  ft.  in  diameter,  through  a 
%  inch  nozzle  which  runs  the  drills,  2 
in  number.  The  blasting  agent  used,  is 
Giant  Powder. 
The  Supt.  and  men  employed  to  work  it, 
acknowledged  to  me  that  it  was  certainly 
the  safest  and  most  powerful  explosive  in 
use;  further,  that  from  25  to  30  minutes  is 
all  they  require  to  clear  the  tunnel  of  all 
bad  odors  after  a  blast.  The  exploding  is 
done  by  a  "  Fields  Electric  Battery,"  at 
the  mouth  of  the  tunnel,  conducted  by  an 
insulated  wire  the  whole  length  of  the  tun- 
nel. Eleven  men  are  at  present  employed 
in  this  mine,  and  with  that  force  including 
the  running  of  the  tunnel,  I  foresee  a 
clean-up  this  fall  of  from  $50,000  to  75,000. 
This  claim  never  looked  better  since  it 
was  opened.  ii.  p.  mc. 

Mines  at  PMllipsburg,  M.  T. 

Editors  Peess: — We  have  found  out  a 
new  way  of  developing  quartz  mines,  and 
also  how  to  make  big  money  on  them  in 
the  future.  First,  go  to  work  and  take  out 
all  the  ore  and  sell  the  hole,  be  sure  and 
leave  a  big  hole  in  the  ground  with  a  num 
ber  of  levels,  so  that  you  can  get  all  the 
,  ore  out  and  then  sell  the  mine  and  work 


the  quartz  yourself;  original,  isn't  it?  You 
hear  that  there  is  not  a  developed  mine  in 
Phillipsburg,  from  some  of  those  smarties 
that  have  their  experience  only  with  a 
blow-pipe  in  St.  Louis  or  New  York,  but 
we  have  mines  here  with  shafts  over  100 
feet  deep  and  two  levels  running  a  distance 
of  from  68  to  90  feet  from  the  main  shaft, 
and  also  a  mine  that  is  openedl,000  feet  in 
length  with  a  tunnel  run  in  on  the  ledge  144 
feet,  with  4  shafts  sunk  a  depth  of  from  30 
to  75  feet  on  this  same  ground,  showing  a 
good  quality  of  -  milling  ore  the  entire 
distance.  Would  you  not  call  these  de- 
veloped mines?  they  would  be  called  so  in 
a  mining  country,  but  perhaps  not  among 
those  would-be  experts.  Plaistead  &  Co. 
are  taking  out  a  fine  lot  of  ore  from  the 
Eastern  Camanche  and  also  from  the 
Cordova  lode;  they  intend  starting  the  St. 
Lduis  mill  in  a  few  days.  The  Captain  is 
an  experienced  mill -man  and  is  confident  of 
making  a  good  run,  being  well  pleased 
with  the  ore  in  sight. 

Br.  J.  M.  Merrell  has  a  set  of  men  at 
work  on  the  Western  Camanche  lode,  and 
Estell  &  Co.  are  taking  out  quartz  from  the 
Emma  mine  that  averages  over  $200  per 
ton  by  assay.  Professor  McArdle  has  a 
number  of  men  at  work  on  the  Hope 
mine,  developing  it  for  the  St.  Louis  Co. 
He  is  getting  some  very  fair  prospects  and 
has  great  confidence  in  his  enterprise. 

The  Imperial  Silver  Mining  Co.  is  hard 
at  work;  their  five-stamp  battery  with 
wood  stems  is  pounding  away.  They  are 
crushing  dry  and  keep  25  men  employed 
at  the  Trout  mine  and  mill.  All  the  Co. 
wants  is  a  good  10-stamp  mill  and  their 
fortune  is  in  sight.  They  have  several 
thousand  tons  of  ore  in  sight  that  will 
work  $150  per  ton  by  roasting  process. 
Things  look  more  favorable  in  this  place 
than  ever  before.         "  Old  Michigan." 

Phillipsburg.  M.  T. ,  Feb.  29. 


Peogeess  of  Silver  Mining-  in  Mon- 
tana.— The  new  smelting  works  at  Helena, 
Montana,  are  reported  to  be  a  decided 
success.  Since  this  has  become  generally 
known  in  the  Territory,  a  great  deal  of 
prospecting  for  lead  and  silver  ledges  has 
taken  place,  especially  in  the  vicinity  of 
Helena  and  Jefferson.  The  discovery  of 
several  fine  ledges  is  said  to  be  the  result. 
Most  of  them  are  already  vigorously 
worked.  A  very  large  vein  of  argentifer- 
ous galena  has  been  discovered  two  miles 
from  the  Gregory,  in  the  Jefferson  mines, 
but  on  the  Boulder  slope.  It  has  the  ex- 
traordinary width  of  21  feet,  but  assays 
only  from  $45  to  $100  in  silver  per  ton. 
But  as  the  lead  ores  are  reported  to  occur 
so  solid  that  they  may  be  at  once  used  at 
the  furnace,  the  discovery  is  an  important 
one. 

Emma. — Prof.  Silliman,  writing  to  a 
friend  in  England,  says  that  since  his  re- 
port was  written,  and  up  to  the  present 
time,  he  is  advised  by  those  at  the  mine 
that  the  reserves  are  in  the  greater  part  in- 
tact, the  daily  supply  of  ores  (about  50 
tons)  being  drawn  chiefly  from  new  and 
virgin  ground,  opened  in  course  of  explor- 
ations advised  by  Prof.  Silliman.  It  is 
understood  to  be  the  policy  of  the  new 
management  to  follow  the  advice  of  Prof. 
Silliman — to  hold  intact  the  great  body  of 
their  reserves  and  push  on  new  explora- 
tions in  virgin  ground — a  policy  which 
has  already  richly  rewarded  them,  and  is 
the  only  safe  policy  in  any  mine.  So  far 
as  the  mine  is  concerned,  it  is  truly  sur- 
prising in  its  productiveness. 

A  Btval  to  Tea  and  Coffee. — Tea  and 
coffe  are  threatened  with  a  Brazilian  rival, 
called  guarana.  Guarana  consists  of  the 
seeds  of  a  tree  known  to  botanists  as  the 
paulinas  sorbitis  which  is  very  abundant. 
The  tree  produces  a  fruit  about  the  size  of 
a  walnut,  containing  five  or  six  seeds. 
The  seeds  are  roasted  mixed  with  water  and 
dried.  Before  being  used  they  require 
grinding  when  they  fall  into  a  kind  of 
powder.  The  active  principle  is  an  alka- 
loid identical  with  that  found  in  tea  or 
coffee,  but  there  is  twice  as  much  of  it  in 
guarana  as  there  is  in  tea.  The  effects  are 
similar  to  those  of  tea  and  coffe. 

The  Grass  Valley  Republican  of  the  6th 
says:  We  understand  that  a  party  at 
Truckee  have  a  contract  for  making  one 
million  bushels  of  charcoal.  A  large  por- 
tion of  the  work  is  to  be  done  by  China- 
men. One  million  bushels  of  charcoal 
will  weigh  about  two  hundred  thousand 
tons,  and  would  require  eighty  trains  of 
cars  to  remove  it,  allowing  two  hundred 
and  fifty  tons  for  each  train.  We  suppose 
this  large  amount  of  coal  is  required  by 
the  Union  Pacific  and  Central  Pacific  Bail- 
roads  for  their  various  machine  shops. 
Truckee  is  the  most  accessible  point  for 
timber  on  the  entire  line  of  the  continental 
railway. 


An  Apocryphal  Comet. 

A  report  has  obtained  circulation,  prob- 
ably without  foundation,  that  a  Geneva 
Professor  has  discovered  an  immense 
comet,  which  from  its  direction  must 
collide  with  the  earth  on  the  12th  of  August 
next.  It  is  also  stated  that  many  weak 
minded  people,  both  in  this  country  and 
Europe,  are  very  much  alarmed  at  the  »n- 
nouncement.  So  far  from  such  an  event 
being  unwelcome  to  scientific  men,  nothing 
could  be  more  acceptable  to  them  than  to 
have  a  large  comet  approach  near  enough 
to  the  earth  to  switch  its  tail  in  the  face  of 
mankind,  for  no  such  body  (save  Enck's, 
a  very  small  and  distant  one)  has  made  its 
appearance  in  the  heavens  since  the  great 
value  of  the  spectroscope  in  the  determina- 
tion of  the  constitution,  of  such  wandering 
bodies,  was  fully  understood-.  The  next 
comet  which  does  approach  very  near  the 
earth  will  be  closely  scanned,  and  will 
enable  science  to  determine,  with  great 
precision,  in  regard  to  its  physical  char- 
acteristics. 

As  to  any  harm  being  apprehended  from 
any  such  source,  there  is  little  need  for 
fear.  It  has  been  quite  fully  d<  termined 
that  the  most  of  them  at  least  are  compara- 
tively harmless  bodies —nothing  in  fact  but 
huge  "  gas-bags  "  scarcely  more  tangible 
than  the  streak  of  light  sent  out  into  space 
by  a  lantern  on  a  dark,  foggy  evening. 
There  is  little  doubt  but  that  the  earth 
has  passed  through  the  tails  of  at  least  two 
comets  within  the  last  forty  years,-  with- 
out knowing  it  at  the  time — the  phenom- 
ena attending  the  passage  having,  in  both 
cases,  been  attributed,  at  the  time  of  the 
passage  to  some  peculiar  atmospheric  phe- 
nomena. The  first  one,  about  1837,  is 
well  remembered  by  the  writer.  The  at- 
mosphere over  nearly,  or  all  this  continent 
was  aglow  with  a  red  lurid  light,  which 
caused  alarms  of  fire  in  various  parts  of 
the  country — the  atmosphere  having  the 
appearance  given  by  the  reflection  of  a  fire 
at  a  great  distance  on  a  slightly  foggy 
night.  The  continuance  of  the  phenom- 
ena was  observed  for  several  hours. 


Fencing. — The  fence  is  a  costly  struct- 
ure. Illinois  is  said  to  have  ten  times  aB 
much  fence  as  Germany,  and  Duchess  coun- 
ty, New  York,  more  than  all  France.  A  nar- 
row path  divides  farms  in  France,  Ger- 
many and  Holland.  In  South  Carolina 
the  improved  land  is  estimated  to  be  worth 
$20,000,000;  the  fences  have  cost  $16,000,- 
000.  The  annual  repair  is  a  tenth  of  this. 
A  recent  calculation  places  the  cost  of 
fences  in  the  United  States  at  $1,300,000,- 
000.  Nicholas  Biddle,  thirty  years  ago, 
said  the  Pennsylvania  fences  had  cost 
$100,000,000.  In  Ohio  they  are  put  at  $115,- 
000,000,  and  in  New  York  at  $144,900,000. 
Some  day  fences  will  probably  disappear, 
and  boundaries  will  be  marked  with  fruit 
trees  or  neat  hedgerows. 

A  Pyrites  Geoom. — California  will 
appreciate  the  following  from  an  Eastern 
Exchauge:  A  verdant-looking  Vermonter 
appeared  at  the  office  of  a  chemist  with  a 
large  bundle  in  a  yellow  bandanna,  and 
opening  it,  exclamed:  "There,  doctor,  look 
at  that."  "Well"  said  the  doctor,  "I  see 
it."  "What  do  you  call  that,  doctor?"  "I 
call  it  iron  pyrites."  "What,  isn't  that 
gold?"  "No,"  said  tho  doctor,  and  put- 
ting some  over  the  fire  it  evaporated  up 
the  chimney.  "Well,"  said  the  poor  fel- 
low, with  a  woebegone  look,  "there's  a 
widder  woman  up  in  our  town  has  a  whole 
hill  of  that,  and  I've  been  and  married 
her  I"       

Ieon-Papee. — German  journals  complain 
that  this  article,  which  is  simply  common 
paper  mixed  while  in  the  pulp  with  iron 
filings,  so  as  to  increase  the  weight,  is 
"shamelessly  advertised  in  all  English 
and  American  papers,"  and  is  particularly 
recommended  to  shop-keepers  for  wrapping 
up  their  wares.  As  the  papers  in  which 
groceries  are  put  up  are  generally  weighed 
along  with  the  article,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  use  of  such  paper  is  fraudu- 
lent. But  we  must  demur  to  the  assertion 
that  it  is  advertised  in  all  English  papers. 

Mining  in  Portugal.— The  operations 
at  the  Chans  silver  lead  mines  are  being 
prosecuted  with  all  practicable  speed,  the 
indications  presented  from  lodes  already 
discovered,  far  exceed  the  expectations 
held  out  by  the  promoters,  and  there  is 
every  reason  to  justify  the  prediction  that 
this  will  prove  one  of  the  great  prizes  of 
1872.  

Beaztl,  Ind.,  claims  to  produce  its  iron 
at  a  cost  of  $25.50  per  ton,  with  coal,  two 
tons  at  $2.50,  and  ore,  one  and  five-eights 
tons  at  $8.00. 


March  23,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


179 


ECHANICAL    ^ROGRESS. 


I  EOjzDfO  eHHRlVKBBOl  Iuance. — Lon- 
don Engineering  gives  an  account  of  a 
grand  scheme  (or  utilizing  tho  French  riv- 
ers, proposed  to  the  French  government 
several  times  by  T.  do  Gamond,  and  now 
brought  up  again.  It  is  proposod  to  sup- 
press the  natural  profile  of  tho  largo  wo- 
ter-conrses  which  are  imperfect,  and  to 
substitute  for  thorn  a  nories  of  regular 
planes  iu  successive  slopes,  or,  in  other 
words,  to  change  tho  inclined  planes  of 
tato  hydranlio  staircases.  Bymeana 
of  dums,  reservoirs,  otc,  tho  amount  of 
water  in  the  river  channels  would  bo  regu- 
lated, aud  therefore  tho  irrigation  of  haul, 
motive  power,  navigation,  ote.  Floods, 
washing  away  of  land,  filling  npof  river 
rould  be  avoided.  By  means 
of  dams  tho  level  of  tho  outfall  of  oceanic 
rivers  is  to  bo  raised,  sensibly,  say  two 
foot. 

A  table,  prepared  by  M.  do  Gamond, 
gives  the  total  mean  voluino  of  daily  dis- 
charge of  tho  rivers  into  the  sea  as  6,348,- 
958  millions  of  cubic  foot.  This  would 
irrigate  r>,o00,000  acres,  at  tho  rato  of 
140,000  cubic  foot  to  tho  acre;  or  would 
furnish  by  its  fall  12,000,000  horse  power.  In 
addition  to  the  benefits  (mentioned  above) 
to  accruo  from  tho  sohemo,  industrial  es- 
tablishments could  spread  themselves  ovor 
tho  whole  face  of  tho  country  under  tho 
most  favorable  cireumstances,  the  use  of 
steam  would  bo  reduced  to  very  narrow 
limits,  aud  tho  exhaustion  of  the  coal  sup- 
plies would  become  a  very  remote  ques- 
tion. The  access  to  tho  great  sea-ports 
would  be  improved  for  ships  of  heavy  ton- 
nage, and  the  great  river  harbors  would  be 
opened  for  navigation  by  transforming  tho 
sea-channels  iuto  vast  lakes  of  fresh  wator, 
independent  of  tho  sea.  The  ebb  and  flow 
of  the  tide  would  bo  suppressed.  Internal 
navigation  would  be  greatly  improved,  and 
groat  lines  of  water  communication  could 
also  be  comploted.  Fish  culture  could  be 
introduced  on  a  grand  scale,  etc.  Finally 
tho  enterprise  would  be  exceedingly  profita- 
ble to  tho  parties  undertaking  it.  Not- 
withstanding the  brilliaucy  of  the  scheme 
the  project  will  hardly  be  carried  out  just 
at  present. 

Improved  Axle-Boxes.  —  Engineer  of 
Feb.  0th  calls  attention  to  an  improved 
axle-box,  designed  for  railroad  cars,  which 
promises  to  effect  an  important  saving  in 
tho  working  expenses  of  railroads,  and  a 
greator  immunity  from  danger  from  a  cer- 
tain class  of  accidents.  Lubrication  at 
tho  sides  is  one  of  tho  principles  involved, 
and  capillary  attraction  the  condition  un- 
der which  the  oil  is  applied  to  the  jour- 
nal is  another.  Springs  are  also  intro- 
duced to  keep  the  pads  iu  position.  One 
of  these  boxes  was  lately  exhibited,  ac- 
cording to  Engineer,  which  had  run  19,000 
miles  with  the  consumption  of  only  half 
a  pint  of  oil.  It  is  also  claimed  that  a 
box  filled  with  oil  in  the  repair  shop,  will 
not  again  need  refilling  uutil  in  ordinary 
wear  it  is  time  for  it  to  go  again  into  the 
repair  shop  for  general  overhauling. 
Moreover,  the  oil  in  tho  box  cannot  be 
readily  tampered  with.  They  are  known 
as  the  Beuther  axle-boxes,  and  have  al- 
ready beon  introduced  upon  20  railroads 
on  the  continent  of  Europe,  aside  from 
their  very  general  introduction  into  use 
in  England. 

Effective  Work  of  Steam  Engines. — 
The  Deutsche  Ind.  Ztg.  lately  contained  an 
article  on  indicators  and  Brake  Dynamom- 
eters and  on  the  method  of  ascertaining 
the  amount  of  useful  or  effective  work  of 
steam  engines.  This  can  generally  be 
found  by  three  methods: — By  calculation; 
by  means  of  a  brake  dynamometer;  or  by 
the  indicator-diagram  which  gives  the  in- 
dicator horse-power  from  which  the  actual 
or  effective  brake  power  can  be  derived. 
The  third  method  is  tho  simplest.  From 
a  large  number  of  experiments  upon  en- 
gines of  different  dimensions,  it  would  ap- 
pear that  no  smaller  ratio  than  0.70  be- 
tween brake  and  indicator  is  impossible, 
and  that  not  more  than  0.90  is  attaina- 
ble. 


New  Mode  of  Transmitting  Rotary 
Motion  at  Angles. 

This  ingenious  invention  is  shown  in 
tho  engraving.  It  is  a  spiral  formed  of 
a  plane  iron,  or  rather  steel,  band  which 
is  attached  at  its  opposite  ends  to  the  two 
shafts  to  bo  connected.  The  diameter  will 
necessarially,  in  order  to  secure  sufficient 
strength,  bo  considerably  larger  than  that 
of  tho  shaft;  and  the  attachment  maybe 
made  by  means  of  a  oast  iron  cap,  having 
on  one  side  a  socket  for  tho  shaft  aud  on 
tho  other  a  flat  surface  to  receive  the  spi- 
ral. The  breadth  of  tho  iron  band  or  rib- 
bon which  forms  tho  spiral  is  about  an 
inch  and  a  half,  and  its  thickness  a  little 
more  than  a  quarter  of  an  inch.  The  total 
diamotor  of  tho  spiral  is  about  one  foot. 
For  a  joint  of  transmission  forming  a 
right  angle,  about  fifteen  turns  of  the  spi- 
ral will  suffice.     Tho  entire   spiral  may  be 


scientific  Progress. 


© 


made  of  a  singlo  ribbon,  or  it  may  be  made 
up,  as  it  has  been  in  some  cases,  of  a  num- 
ber of  parts  connected  together  by  tongue 
and  groove. 

Experience  has  proved  that  this  mode  of 
transmission  performs  perfectly,  without 
being  liable  to  get  out  of  order  or  to  give 
way.  Its  strength  is  very  considerable, 
but  cannot  be  indefinitely  increased,  since 
a  thickness  exceeding  thatwhich  is  adoptod 
would  bring  too  great  a  cross  strain  on  the 
metal.  A  number  of  these  joints  have 
been  in  operation  without  accident  for  sev- 
eral years.  It  is  the  invention  of  Mr. 
Thirion,  of  Belgium. — Scientific  American. 

Diamond-Toothed  Saw. — A  diamond- 
toothed  saw  for  stone  quarries  has  been 
inyented  in  Vermont,  and  after  threo  years 
experimenting,  is  said  to  have  been  per- 
fected so  far  as  to  work  very  satisfactorily. 
The  Boston  Advertiser  says  of  one  of  the 
machines  on  exhibition  in  Boston:  The 
main  features  consist  of  a  straight  saw 
armed  with  diamond  points  moving  back 
and  forth  through  the  stone,  with  drills 
working  vertically  to  free  the  ends  of  the 
kerf.  The  diamonds  employed  are  of  the 
black  variety,  on  a  half-inch  width,  and 
with  a  six-horse-power  engine  can  be  sunk 
in  the  solid  quarry  from  six  to  twenty- 
four  inches  per  hour,  according  to  the 
hardness  of  the  material  operated  upon. 
The  instrument  is  very  compact,  and  one 
of  the  power  displayed  can  be  operated  by 
two  men,  whose  services,  together  with  the 
fuel  consumed,  will  amount  to  less  than 
ten  dollars  a  day,  effecting  an  estimated 
saving  of  the  labor  of  fifty  men,  and  reduc- 
ingthecost  of  solid  building  material  one- 
half. 


Artesian  Well  at  Boston. — A  well  was 
commenced  last  March  and  work  has  since 
been  steadily  going  on  at  a  rate  of  1  to  15 
feet  daily.  It  is  now  down  1,000  feetandhas 
cost  $15,000.  The  diameter  of  the  bore  is 
5  inches;  the  drill  is  4  inches  across;  the 
drill  and  iron  shafting  which  connects  it 
weighs  now  1,200  lbs. ,  and  the  rope  900  lbs. 
A  16-horse-power  engine  is  employed,  with 
a  walking  beam  of  36-inch  stroke  making 
30  strokes  per  minute. — Am.  Railway 
Times. 


Improved  Iron  Bails. — The  demand 
for  steel  rails  is  so  great  that  Bteel-rail 
makers  are  said  to  bo  nearly  all  full  with 
orders  for  two  years  to  come.  At  this 
juncture  an  English  firm  has  patented  a 
new  rail  pile  which  is  said  to  give  an  im- 
proved iron  rail,  and  which  is  favorably 
noticed  by  the  Engineer.  The  visual  rail 
pilo  is  built  upon  the  slab  of  crystalline 
iron  which  forms  the  head  of  the  rail  and 
must  be  placed  in  the  heating  furnace  in 
the  same  position,  viz.,  the  slab  on  the 
bottom  or  coolest  part  of  the  furnace  and 
tho  fibrous  iron  uppermost  and  exposed  to 
the  most  intense  heat.  The  result  is  in 
many  cases  that  the  fibre  of  the  flange  is 
destroyed  while  tho  head  is  imperfectly 
welded,  and  there  is  produced  a  brittle 
rail  with  a  laminated  head.  In  the  patent 
the  fibrous  iron  is  below,  the  crystalline 
above,  giving  superior  rails. 

Asphalt  Boads  in  Paris. — It  is  stated 
that  the  authorities  of  Paris  are  about  to 
give  up  the  asphalt  paving  and  return  to 
the  old-fashioned  stones,  in  consequence 
of  the  great  expense  of  keeping  up  the 
former. 


New  Method  of  .Nickel  Plating. — A 
simple  aud  cheap  method  of  nickel  plating, 
which  is  open  to  the  uso  of  all,  has  been 
invented  by  Prof.  P.  Stolba.  Tho  process 
is,  in  brief,  as  follows:  Into  a  vessel  of 
porcelain  or  metal,  preferably  copper,  is 
poured  a  concontrated  solution  of  chloride 
of  zinc,  made  by  dissolving  commercial 
zinc  in  common  hydrochloric  acid.  From 
once  to  twice  the  volume  of  water  is  added, 
the  solution  heated  to  boiling  ami  hydro- 
chloric, acid  added  drop  by  drop  until  the 
precipitate  (formed  on  diluting  the  chlor- 
ide of  ziue  with  water)  is  redissolved.  As 
much  zinc  powder  as  will  cover  the  poiut 
of  a  knifo  is  now  added,  whereby  the  metal 
of  the  vessel  becomes  zinc  plated.  Enough 
nickel  salt  (the  chlorido  or  sulphato  or 
the  duuble  sulphato  of  nickel  and  potas- 
sium) is  introduced  to  color  tho  liquid 
distinctly  green,  afterwhich  tho  articles  to 
bo  plated,  with  surfaces  perfectly  free  from 
fat  aud  rust,  and  with  them  some  small 
cuttings  of  zinc,  are  put  in  aud  tho  liquid 
again  boilod.  The  work  is  finished  in 
about  15  minutes.  If  any  part  of  tho  arti- 
cles is  not  platod,  the  boiling  is  continued, 
fresh  pieces  of  zinc  and,  if  necessary, fresh 
nickel  salt  being  added.  It  is  important, 
if  the  coating  of  nickel  is  to  be  brilliant, 
the  liquid  ou  boiling  shall  not  bo  cloudy 
from  basic  zinc  salt,  or  acid  from  free 
hydrochloric  aeid.  The  plated  articles  are 
well  washed  with  water  aud  cleaned  with 
polishing  chalk.  The  same  liquid  may  be 
used  ropoatedly  for  plating.  The  nicklo 
salt  need  not  be  chemically  pure,  but  must 
contain  no  metals  precipitated  by  zinc. 

Phosphorescence  of  Animals. — Prof. 
Panceri,  of  Naples,  who  has  been  studying 
tho  phosphorsceneo  of  marine  animals, 
finds  that  iu  all  cases  oxamined  this  is  due 
to  matter  cast  off  by  tho  animals — it  is  a 
property  of  dead,  separated  matter,  not  of 
living  tissue.  In  all  eases  (except  Nocli- 
luca)  this  matter  is  secreted  by  glands, 
possibly  special  for  this  purpose,  but 
probably  the  phosphorescence  is  a  second- 
ary property  of  this  secretion.  Further, 
this  secretion  contains  epithelial  cells  in  a 
state  of  fatty  degeneration,  and  it  is  these 
cells  and  the  fat  therefrom  which  give  rise 
to  tho  phosphorescence.  This  brings  the 
phosphorescence  of  marine  animals  and 
that  of  decaying  bones,  etc.,  under  the 
same  category.  In  one  species,  this  prop- 
erty was  made  the  means  of  studying  the 
rate  of  transmission  of  an  irritation.  For 
when  one  extremity  of  a  Pennalula  is  irri- 
tated, a  stream  .of  light  runs  along  the 
whole  length  of  the  polyp-colony,  indi- 
cating the  rate  at  which  irritation  is  trans- 
mitted. This  rate  can  be  accurately 
measured.  In  these  studies  the  spectro- 
scope was  used. — Nature. 

Primordial  Fauna  in  Nevada. — An  in- 
teresting discovery  has  been  made,  carry- 
ing the  primordial  fauna  much  further 
west  than  ever  before  found.  Tho 
most  western  locality  of  potsdam  sand 
stone  fossils  previously  desoribed  is  in  the 
Big  Horn  Mts.,  at  the  head  of  Powder 
river,  in  long.  107°;  but  Mr.  J.  E.  Clayton 
has  discovered  fossils  of  the  same  period 
near  the  116th  meridian.  These  he  sent  to 
Prof.  Whitney,  of  the  California  Geological 
Survey,  who  has  an  article  thereon  in  the 
February  American  Journal  of  Science.  The 
fossils  occurring  in  limestone,  belong  to 
the  characteristic  potsdam  families  of  the 
Lingulidw  and  the  Paradoxidce.  The 
specimens  contain  many  individuals  but 
few  species.  Agratdos  Oevrni  is  the  most 
abundant  species,  with  fragments  of  (ap- 
parently) Goncoryphe  and  the  genera  Lingu- 
lepis  and  Obolella.  Other  specimens  found 
by  Mr.  Clayton  on  Shell  Creek,  is  mottled 
buff  and  gray  limestone,  also  demonstrate 
the  existence  of  primordial  fauna,  but  the 
fragments  are  very  imperfect. 


Fortieth  Parallel  Survey  Ketort. — 
The  Report  on  Botauy,  by  S.  Watson, 
aided  by  Prof.  D.  0,  Eaton,  has  appeared. 
It  is  illustrated  by  a  map  and  40  plates 
and  is  excellent  iu  its  matter  and  appear- 
ance. A  general  Keport  forms  an  intro- 
duction to  tho  Catalogue  which  makes  up 
the  principal  bulk  of  the  volume.  This 
"Catalogue"  is  not  a  mere  list  of  names, 
but  a  systematic  account  of  the  plants 
collected.  The  geographical  and  meteoro- 
logical notes  and  thoso  on  the  general 
character  of  the  vegetation  are  well  writ- 
ton  aud  most  interesting. 


AiiKu TL-rriiAL  Resources  of  the  Great 
Basis  —A  few  pages  at  the  cIobo  (we  use 
the  remarks  of  the  American  Journal  of 
Science)  are  devoted  to  tho  consideration 
of  ihe  agricultural  resources  of  the  basin, 
tho  limit  to  which  is  fixed  by  the  deficiency 
of  water.  Tho  most  fertile  localities  lie 
at  tho  base  of  the  Sierras;  but,  as  a  rule, 
there  is  an  apparent  absence  everywhere  of 
a  true  soil  or  mould  resulting  from  the  de- 
composition of  vegetable  matter.  A  mod- 
erate amount  of  alkali  in  tho  soil  appears 
not  to  bo  detrimental  to  culture.  The 
soil  which  produces  sage  brush  Beems  to 
be  always  cultivable  when  it  can  be  irri- 
gated. With  the  present  supply  of  wator, 
most  economically  used,  it  is  thought  that 
only  1,000  out  of  34,000  sq.  miles  of 
Northern  Nevada  could  bo  cultivated;  of 
tho  southerly  portion  and  of  western 
Utah,  much  less.  Eastern  Utah,  with 
more  water  from  the  Wasatch  and  Uintah, 
Mts.  is  much  nioro  favorably  situated. 
The  abseuco  of  graminivorous  animals, 
oxcept  rabbits  in  the  valleys  and  a  few 
mountain  sheep  and  antelopes  in  tho 
higher  ranges,  shows  that  the  country  is 
ill  adapted  for  grazing.  Eurotia  lanata 
and  a  few  other  cheuopdiaceous  plants  are 
eaten  by  sheep  as  a  substitute  for  grass. 
Tho  question  is  raised  whether  the  exist- 
ing plants,  or  some  substitute,  may  not  be 
turned  to  profitable  account,  and  whether 
somo  forms  of  orchard,  vineyard  or  tree 
culture  may  be  made  to  thrive  here.  The 
present  plants  on  the  whole  aro  not  lack- 
ing in  expansion  of  foliage  or  succulence, 
from  55  to  80  per  cent,  of  foliage — and 
evaporate  daily  an  amount  equal  to  three- 
eights  of  the  weight  of  their  available  ma- 
terial. This  loss  is  made  good,  not  from 
the  atmosphere,  but  from  the  soil,  dry  as 
it  is;  yet  water  is  rarely  to  be  had  under  a 
depth  of  100  to  300  feet,  often  not  even  at 
that  depth.  The  porous  soil  must  allow 
of  the  free  upward  diffusion  of  moisture, 
also  of  deep  penetration  of  roots. 


Glycerine  for  Paper.— Small  quanti- 
ties of  glycerine  are  sometimes  added  to 
paper  stock  to  give  the  paper  flexibility, 
but  especially  to  give  copying  paper  the 
quality  of  taking  up  color  readily. 


Masses  of  Meteoric  Iron,  the  largest 
said  to  weigh  25  tons,  were  found  last 
year  in  Greenland,  lying  loose  on  the 
shore,  but  immediately  resting  upon  ba- 
saltic rocks  (probably  miocene)  iu  which 
they  appear  to  have  been  imbedded  orig- 
inally. They  contain  nearly  5  per  cent, 
of  nickel,  with  1  to  2  per  cent,  of  carbon 
and  are  chemically  identical  with  many 
aerolites  of  known  meteoric  origin.  Not- 
withstanding the  place  they  were  found, 
on  removal  they  speedily  fell  into  powder, 
possibly  from  the  absorbence  of  chlorine 
and  tho  formation  of  ferreous  chloride. — 
Chemical  News. 


Mastodon  in  Massachusetts. — The  first 
mastodon  remains  ever  found  in  Massa- 
chusetts consist  of  a  tooth,  discovered  last 
fall  in  Colerain,  a  northern  border  town. 


Diamonds  in  Xanthophyllite.— P.  Von 
Jeremejew  haB  fouud  minute  diamonds 
irregularly  distributed  through  tho  plates 
of  the  Xanthophyllite  of  the  Schischim- 
skian  Mts.,  near  Slatoust.  The  green 
plates  of  this  mineral  nearest  the  rounded 
masses  of  taleose  slate  and  serpentine 
enclose  very  large  numbers  of  the  crystals 
which  are  generally  colorless  and  trans- 
parent, sometimes  with  a  pale  brown  tint; 
the  diamonds  are  also  found  in  the  two 
rocks  mentioned. 

Remarkable  Fossil  Bird. — One  of  the 
treasures  secured  last  year  by  Prof. 
Marsh's  expedition  was  the  greater  part  of 
the  skeleton  of  a  large  fossil  bird,  at  least 
5  feet  high,  found  in  the  Upper  Cretaceous 
of  western  Kansas.  Although  a  true  bird, 
it  differs  widely  from  any  known  recent  or 
extinct  form,  and  affords  a  fine  example  of 
a  comprehensive  type.  The  proposed 
name  is  Hesperornis  regalis. 

Microscopic  Forms  in  the  Atmosphere. 
According  to  a  late  communication  by 
Ehrenberg  to  the  Academy  of  Sciences  at 
Berlin,  he  has  succeeded  in  determining 
the  existence  of  548  species  of  organic 
forms,  absolutely  invisible  to  the  naked 
eye,  and  yet  held  in  suspension  in  the  at- 
mosphere. 

Phosphorescence  of  Eggs  of  the  Glo  w- 
Worm.— M.  Jossuet  has  noticed  that  the 
eggs  of  the  common  glow-worm  are  phos- 
phorescent after  laying  and  remain  so,  at 
least  for  a  considerable  time.  If  one  of 
the  eggs  is  crushed  in  the  dark  the  liquid 
therefrom  is  luminous  until  quite  dry. 

Plants  of  Oregon. — Mr.  E.  Hall  last 
year  made  extensive  collections  of  dried 
plants  in  Oregon,  which  are  distributed  in 
sets  and  sold  at  $8  per  hundred.  Full  sets 
contain  500  to  600  species  and  may  be  ob- 
tained of  Mr.  C.  Wright,  Harvard  Uni- 
versity Herbarium,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Deep  Sea  Life. — The  sea  has  living 
microscopic  creatures  three  miles  below 
the  surface.  How  can  they  live  with  such 
a  heavy  pressure  of  water  upon  them  ? 


180 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  23,  1872. 


INING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  is  mostly  conde used  from  journals  pub- 
lished intheinterior,in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

I  X  L.— Silver  Mt.  Chronicle,  March  9: 
The  richest  ore  ever  aeen  in  this  county 
■was  taken  from  this  mine  last  Saturday. 

Leviathan. — This  mine  is  being  opened 
and  developed  by  contract,  and  high  grade 
ore  is  being  taken  from  No.  7  drift.  Sev- 
eral thousand  tons  of  low  grade  ore,  assay- 
ing from  10  to  20  per  cent,  copper,  are  in 
sight  and  on  the  dump.  Some  20  ft.  of 
sandstone,  saturated  with  over  25  per 
cent,  of  pure  sulphur,  have  recently  been 
passed  through  in  sinking  the  incline,  im- 
mediately below  the  large  copper  de- 
posit. 

Tarshish. — On  Monday  last  a  large 
body  of  first  class  ore  'was  struck,  extend- 
ing across  the  whole  face  of  the  105-ft 
level,  north ,  in  the  direction  of  the  Michi- 
gan claim.  Eich  ore  is  also  being  taken 
from  the  150-ft.  level,  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, as  well  as  from  the  slope  recently 
started  in  the  lower  tunnel.  All  the  men 
in  the  mine  are  taking  out  ore  in  the 
northern  drifts  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
opening  up  the  ground,  none  of  the  rich 
reserves  being  worked. 

Monitor  Mill. — Monitor  Miner,  March 
9:  The  mill  has  been  running  3  days  since 
the  change  in  plan  of  roasting,  and  will 
clean  up  on  Monday  next  and  determine 
whether  the  plan  works  satisfactorily. 

Red  Mount  is  the  name  of  a  series  of 
claims  taken  up  and  located  this  week  on 
the  northern  slope  of  Eed  Mt. ,  in  this  Dist. 
This  new  location  consists  of  5  claims  of 
1,000  ft.  each,  and  covers  the  north  exten- 
sion of  the  old  Mountain  lode. 

Good  Oke. — From  upper  and  lower  lev- 
els of  the  Monitor  No.  3  and  Silver  Glance, 
and  from  several  parts  in  the  Schenectady, 
good  ore  is  coming  out. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Hudson  Ledge,  Central  Hill. — San 
Andreas  Citizen,  March  9:  They  are  sink- 
ing on  it  night  and  day,  Mr.  Davis  having 
taken  a  contract  to  sink  50  ft.  deeper.  The 
shaft  is  60  ft.  deep,  the  vein  9  ft.  wide, 
abounding  with  sulphurets.  Mr.  Davis 
will  commence  operations  in  his  quartz 
claim  in  Mndgett's  ranch,  as  soon  as  the 
weather  will  permit. 

Items. — Good  rock  has  been  struck  in 
the  Petticoat  mine  at  Eailroad  Plat. 

The  Prussian  Hill  Mine,  near  Eailroad 
Plat,  is  taking  out  rock  which  appears  to 
be  very  rich.  A  rich  quartz  ledge  has 
been  struck  near  "West  Point,  the  ledge 
paying  on  the  top  at  the  rate  of  $250  per 
ton.  The  Zacetara  has  a  ledge  of  3%  ft. 
at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  The  rock  taken 
out  is  very  rich.  The  Brackett  &  Co.  claim 
in  Chili  gulch,  is  a  perfect  success.  The 
Eussian  Hill  mine  has   struck   good  rock. 

Whisky  Hill. — Cor.  San  Joaquin  Re- 
publican, March  12:  Three  hydraulic  Cos. 
are  busy  at  work  sluicing  down  the  gravel 
deposits,  the  Bunker  Hill  working  night 
and  day  with  400  inches  of  water.  The 
excitement  in  reference  to  these  mines  is 
increasing  daily,  and  should  the  clean-up 
of  the  Bunker  Hill  be  favorable,  there  will 
be  an  excitement  such  as  this  section  of 
country  never  before  saw. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — Inyo  Independent,  March  9: 
On  the  29th  of  Feb.  there  were  shipped 
from  Lida  Dist. ,  ore  from  the  mill  of  His- 
key  &  Walker,  Deep  Springs,  one  bar  of 
bullion,  255  ozs.,  valued  at  $265.  Also, 
on  the  4th  of  Mareh,  there  were  shipped  5 
bars,  1,755  ozs.,  valued  at  $2,050. 

Specimen. — Mr.  Hiskey  presented  us  a 
piece   of  chloride   ore,   from   one  of  the 
mines  in  Lida  Valley,  which  will  yield  at 
the  rate  of  not  less  than  $800  per  ton. 
MONO  COUNTY. 

Mills. — Cor.  Inyo  Independent,  March 
7:  Mono  county  contains  5  mills,  as  fol- 
lows: The  "Pioneer,"  at  Montgomery;  an 
arastra,  barrel  and  lavadero  roasting  fur- 
nace now  being  added.  Eun  by  water 
power.  Worked  last  summer  1 25  tons  of 
ore,  assaying  from  $100  to  $700  per  ton, 
average  $247  per  ton.  Extracted  about 
85  per  cent,  of  assay,  and  paid  well.  Also 
worked  over  about  100  tons  of  tailings. 
Eiley's  mill,  also  in  Montgomery;  small 
stamps  and  pans;  run  by  water  power, 
formerly  profitable,  idle  and  dilapidated 
now.  A  small  mill  at  Hot  Springs  owned 
by  J.  Partz;  4  small  stamps;  barrel,  and 
separators,  water  power,  process  same  as 
Pioneer  mill,  working  about  a  ton  a  day 
and  fairly  profitable.  Jennings'  mill  near 
Whisky  Flat,  a  very  small  affair,  aban- 
doned several  years.  W.  J.  Williams  & 
Co.'s  mill  built  last  year,  steam  power,  10 


stamps,  2  pans,  2  separators  and  a  White's 
furnace,  was  running  a  couple  of  months, 
off  and  on,  last  year,  worked  about  20  tons 
of  ore,  has  been  idle  about  two  months. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Mount  Auburn.  —  Nevada  Transcript, 
March  13:  The  mine  is  near  the  Newtown 
road,  adjoining  the  Soggs's  location,  and 
running  3,000  ft.  to  Eagan  Flat.  Last 
summer  a  new  shaft  was  sunk,  and  a  north 
and  south  drift  run.  Eock  was  taken  out 
which  yielded  $22.80  per  ton,  the  quartz 
being  taken  from  top  to  bottom.  The 
ledge  averages  4  ft.  in  thickness.  In  the 
south  drift  they  did  not  cross  the  chimney 
of  rock  which  was  found,  and  when  they 
left  off  work  the  ledge  was  widening  and 
the  rock  showed  free  gold  and  rich  sulphu- 
rets. 

Locations. — The  Birds  Eye  Canon  Co. 
have  located  a  water  privilege  of  2,000  in., 
•in  Steep  Hollow  Creek,  Little  York  town- 
ship. The  Big  Deer  Creek  and  Green 
Mountain  Placer  Co.  have  located  500  ft. 
of  ground  north  of  Murchie  ground,  and 
fronting  on  Big  Deer  creek  Nevada  town- 
ship. The  Big  Canon  Placer  Co.  have  lo- 
cated 400  ft.  on  Big  Deer  creek  and  run- 
ning back  to  the  centre  of  the  hill.  The 
Spring  Eavine  Co.  has  located  500  ft.  of 
the  bed  and  banks  of  Spring  ravine,  in  Ne- 
vada township,  for  gravel  mining.  Joa- 
quin M.  Pavea  &  Co.  have  located  300  ft. 
of  ground  for  gravel  mining,  on  the  hill 
between  Sailor  and  Picket  ravine  on  the 
north  side  of  Eush  creek  in  Nevada  Town- 
ship. 

Eureka. — The  Black  &  Young  mine  at 
Rocky  Glen,  near  Eureka,  is  being  worked 
with  splendid  prospects  this  season.  The 
last  run  of  30  days  resulted  in  a  clean  up 
of  between  $4,000  and  $5,000  though  the 
work  was  done  under  the  greatest  disadvan- 


Bricks. — Grass  Valley  Union,  March  1 3: 
We  saw  yesterday  at  Findley  &  Co.'s  Bank 
a  pair  of  gold  bricks  worth  $14,000  the  re- 
sult of  the  crushing  of  the  first  two  weeks 
of  this  month  at  the  Idaho  mine. 

Water. — The  North  Star  is  not  quite 
able  to  control  the  water.  In  the  800  ft . 
level  it  is  slowly  gaining. 

French  Corral.  —  Several  extensive 
gravel  claims  at  French  Corral  have  been 
consolidated,  and  the  owners  are  about  to 
run  a  tunnel  from  the  South  Yuba  river, 
so  as  to  drain  the  French  Corral  mines. 
The  tunnel  will  be  about  2,500  ft.  long 
and  will  be  through  very  hard  rock. 

Extensive  tunneling  is  also  to  be  com- 
menced and  carried  on  from  Sweetland 
creek  so  as  to  drain  the  Manzanita  and 
other  claims  adjoining.  This  will  require 
only  some  400  or  500  ft.  of  tunnel. 

Randolph  Hill  Strike. — The  strike 
continues  to  pan  out.  Reese  &  Depew 
took  out  about  50  ozs.  of  gold  yesterday  in 
a  few  hours. 

SAN  D1ECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. —San  Diego  Union,  March  7: 
The  bullion  shipment  to  S.  F.  yesterday, 
was  $550.  A  clean  up  of  several  of  the 
Julian  and  Banner  mills  will  take  place  to- 
morrow. 

Julian  and  Banner. — DeFree  and  Co's. 
mill  has  just  cleaned  up  a  small  lot  of  ore 
from  the  Butler  lead  which  yielded  $53 
per  ton.  A  few  days  ago  the  same  mill 
finished  crushing  a  lot  of  Hayden  rock 
which  went  $25  per  ton.  They  are  now 
engaged  upon  a  lot  from  the  Van  Wert 
mine,  about  30  tons,  which  will  be  cleaned 
up  about  Saturday.  After  they  have  fin- 
ished crushing  the  Van  Wert  rock  they 
will  commence  on  another  lot  of  Owens 
ore.  Water  has  been  struck  in  the  shaft 
of  the  latter  mine,  at  the  depth  of  200  ft. 
The  ledge  at  this  depth  looks  splendidly. 
Wilson  &  Co's.  mill  is  working  on  ore 
from  the  Helvetia  mine,  and  will  probably 
clean  up  to-morrow.  Eeynolds  &  Co's. 
mill  has  resumed  work  and  is  engaged 
upon  a  lot  of  ore  from  the  Andy  Johnson 
mine.  Active  operations  have  commenced 
on  the  Excelsior  lead  from  which  some 
good  ore  is  being  taken.  The  Ready  Re- 
lief mill  is  crushing  rock  from  the  mine  of 
that  name  at  the  rate  of  2  tons  per  day. 
The  rock  it  is  expected  will  go  about  $40 
per  ton.  The  Redman  mill  is  also  work- 
ing on  Ready  Relief  ore,  and  the  Co.  are  at 
the  same  time  actively  engaged  in  devel- 
oping their  own  leadr  The  Antelope  mill 
is  receiving  plenty  of  ore  for  crushing. 
The  mill  is  engaged  upon  rock  from  the 
City  of  Richmond.  The  props,  of  the  lead 
of  the  same  name  are  busy  at  work  taking 
out  rock  and  will  soon  have  sufficient 
quantity  in  readiness  to  crush,  which  will 
keep  the  stamps  employed  for  some  time. 
Nearly  all  the  ledges  in  the  Banner  dist. 
are  being  actively  worked. 

Stonuwall  Mine.— Their  steam  pump 
is  working  admirably.  It  has  reduced  the 
water  in  the  shaft  considerably.  The  mill 
has  commenced  to  run. 


SAN  LUIS  OBISPO  COUNTY. 

Cambria  Mines. — San  Luis  Obispo  Tri- 
bune, March  9:  We  hear  glowing  accounts 
in  relation  to  the  silver  and  quicksilver 
mines  of  Cambria.  The  excitement  there 
is  intense.  Mining  feet  change  hands 
rapidly. 
SIERRA  COUNTY. 

Paying. — Mountain  Messenger,  March 
9:  The  pans  at  the  Butte  Mine,  for  working 
tailings,  are  paying  exceedingly  well. 
Several  more  will  be  put  in  this  summer. 

At  the  Orleans  claims  at  Little  Grizzly, 
42  ozs.  of  gold  were  taken  out  recently  in 
a  week's  work.  This  claim  has  paid  well 
all  winter. 

Morristown. — Cor.  same:  The  Ameri- 
can Co.  has  had  a  full  supply  of  water  in 
their  ditches,  and  doing  considerable  work, 
in  running  off  pipe-clay.  Perkins,  Will- 
iams and  Co.  have  made  a  nice  clean-up, 
but  I  am  not  informed  as  to  the  amount. 
Their  claims  look  well. 
TRINITY  COUNTY. 

Going  It. — Unionville  Journal,  March 
7:  Charley  Tourot  has  had  no  water  in  his 
ditch  this  winter  for  fear  of  injuring  it. 
This  week,  however,  he  turned  the  water 
in  and  is  rushing  the  dirt  off  double-quick. 

Dutton's  Creek. — Dixon,  Hurst  &  Co. 
have  half  of  their  big  blast  run  off. 

Quartz. — James  Morris  and  Jonathan 
Smith  have  found  a'  quartz  ledge  in  the 
diggings  discovered  back  of  Corbus'  store, 
on  Indian  Creek. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Rich  Eock. — Eureka  Sentinel,  March  8: 
Some  rich  rock  has  been  struck  near  the 
toll  house,  on  the  Eureka  road.  Several 
claims  have  been  staked  off  in  that  vicinity 
lately. 

Strike. — A  belt  of  ore  80  ft.  wide  and 
of  indefinite  depth  was  struck  in  the 
Eureka  Con.  yesterday. 

Looking  Well. — The  Adams  Hill  mines 
are  looking  splendid.  A  large  amount  of 
ore  is  coming  to  the  surface,  and  all  the 
workings  are  improving  at  the  bottom. 
There  are  several  hundred  tons  of  first- 
class  ore  on  the  dumps,  which  will  prob- 
ably be  milled  before  long. 

To  Start  Up. — Preparations  are  being 
made  to  resume  work  on  several  mines  in 
the  dist.  that  have  been  idle  during  the 
winter. 

McGarry. — We  were  informed  that  con- 
siderable well-directed  labor  is  being  ex- 
pended on  the  different  mines  of  the   dist. 

Started  Up. — The  Consolidated  has 
started  another  furnace — making  4  in  suc- 
cessful operation. 

Eichmond. — The  Richmond  smelting 
works  are  to  be  supplied  with  new  boilers 
and  engine  of  the  largest  pattern. 

Gen.  Lee.  —A  body  of  ore  3  ft.  wide, 
was  struck  in  the  mine  yesterday.  The 
ore  was  found  at  a  depth  of  200  ft.  in  the 
main  shaft,  and  a  considerable  body  was 
also  found  in  the  tunnel. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.— Ely   Record,  March,   7:    W. 
F.  &  Co.  shipped  to-day  bullion   valued  at 
$44,875.27. 
REESE  RIVER. 

More  Ore. — Reese  River  Reveille,  March 
9:    Preparations  are  being  made  for  work- 
ing several  mines  on  Lander,  Central   and 
Union  hills  as  soon  as  the  spring  opens. 
WASHOE. 

Resumed. — Virginia  Enterprise,  March 
10:  The  Vivian  mill,  Carson  river, 
started  up  day  before  yesterday. 

The  Petaluma  mill  now  being  thor- 
oughly overhauled,  will  start  up  in  a  few 
days. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — The  Sutro  tunnel  was 
yesterday  in  2,775  ft.,  with  hard  ground  at 
the  face.  At  shaft  No.  1  they  are  bailing 
and  putting  in  a  steam  pump.  No.  2  is 
down  230  ft. ;  ground  good  and  but  little 
water  coming  in.  At  shaft  No.  4  the  ma- 
chinery is  all  in,  and  they  will  get  the 
steam  pump  to  running  to-day. 

Ophir.—  The  drift  from  the  1,300  ft. 
level  of  the  Ophir  will  probably  reach  the 
lead  by  next  Saturday.  The  drift  south 
on  the  1,100-ft.  level  is  being  pushed  vig- 
orously. When  it  has  reached  the  in- 
tended length  4  or  5  cross-cuts  will  be 
simultaneously  made. 

The  Sierra  Nevada  mine  is  looking  well. 
A  raise  to  the  hight  of  4  or  5  sets  of  timb- 
ers has  been  made  in  the  new  vein. 

New  Mill. — A  Mr.  Soderlinge,  day  be- 
fore yesterday  started  up  at  American  Flat 
a  neat  little  2-stamp  mill. 

Big  Days  Work. — Gold  Hill  News, 
Mar.  9:  From  the  mines  of  Comstock 
ledge,  yesterday,  there  were  shipped  to 
the  mills  on  the  Carson  river,  110  car 
loads  of  ore,  an  aggregate  of  880  tons  in 
all.  On  the  10th  (same  paper  11  inst.) 
105  car  loads  were  transported. 

In  Operation. —  The  second  of  the  2 


new  hoisting  engines  at  the  Crown  Point 
works  were  started  up  on  Friday,  and  both 
are  in  full  operation,  running  smoothly 
and  well,  and  hoisting  about  500  tons  of 
ore  per  day. 
WHITE  PINE. 

North  Aurora. — White  Pine  News, 
Mar.  9:  The  Risdale  chamber  has  im- 
proved greatly  since  last  report.  A  force 
of  men  is  breasting  in  the  northeast  end  of 
the  chamber.  The  shaft,  a  continuation 
of  the  original  Risdale  shaft,  is  down  73 
ft. ,  and  the  showing  of  ore  in  the  bottom 
is  of  a  higher  grade  than  any  (not  except- 
ing the  Eberhardt)  ever  extracted  from 
the  English  Co's.  mines.  The  ore  com- 
mences 57  ft.  below  the  top  of  the  shaft 
and,  as  far  as  bottomed,  shows  a  body  of 
ore  16  ft.  thick.  The  shaft  will  be  sunk 
deeper.  The  ore  is  of  a  regular  grade, 
requires  but  little  sorting,  and  averages 
$80  per  ton.  There  are  2  shifts  of  12  men 
in  the  northeast  chamber,  and  the  number 
will  be  increased  as  soon  as  the  opening 
can  be  made.  About  50  tons  of  ore  are 
hoisted  per  day,  by  the  whim.  The  ore 
in  the  new  chamber  south  of  the  Lady's 
chamber  has  increased  in  body  and  rich- 
ness; the  workings  are  in  75  ft.  A  con- 
tract has  been  let  to  run  a  drift  from  the 
Lady's  chamber  to  the  south  chamber. 

Mammoth. — This  mine  is  on  the  north 
slope  of  Treasure  hill,  toward  Hamilton. 
Mr.  Paul,  the  present  foreman,  commen- 
ced work  on  the  center  of  the  location, 
and  discovered  a.  fine  body  of  ore.  An 
open  cut  was  started,  and  a  tunnel  is  in 
100  ft.  on  ore.  Back  of  the  open  cut  a 
shaft  is  down  51  ft.  A  drift  from  the  shaft 
shows  a  ledge  12  ft.  wide;  49%  tons  of  ore 
were  worked  at  the  Swansea  mill  in  Nov., 
which  yielded  $41  to  the  ton. 

San  Juan  del  Rio. — The  shaft  is  down 
about  30  ft.,  in  a  good  body  of  ore. 

Gen.  Lee. — The  drift  from  the  shaft  is  in 
40  f t. ,  showing  ore  the  whole  way.  The 
last  5  ft.  run  shows  an  improvement  in  the 
ore-body  in  grade.     Piling  on  the  dumps. 

East  Sheboygan. — The  force  prospect- 
ing has  developed  good  prospects  since 
last  report.  The  Exchange  incline  is  go- 
ing down  in  spar  by  contract.  The  indi- 
cations  show  well  for  ore. 

Eberhardt. — A  force  of  men  will  be 
put  on  in  the  different  workings  to-day, 
and  should  the  weather  be  favorable  work 
will  continue  as  usual  in  the  mine. 

Copper  Glance, — The  West  drift  goes 
ahead  as  usual  Running  in  black  spar 
and  quartz  mixed. 

Noonday. — Work  going  ahead  as  usual, 
and  no  change  in  the  grade  of  ore. 

Arizona. 

Items. — Prescott  Miner,  Mareh  2:  The 
latest  from  the  Tiger  is  to  the  effect  that 
the  tunnel  was  in  180  ft.  from  the  bottom 
of  the  100  ft.  shaft;  that  rich  ore  was  get- 
ting plentier.  Mr.  Burger's  mill  near 
Ehrenberg,  is  almost  finished,  and  work 
upon  the  mine  is  progressing  favorably. 
At  Castle  Dome,  a  short  distance  above 
Arizona  City,  miners  are  taking  out  a 
great  deal  of  ore,  containing  silver  and 
lead,  which  they  are  shipping  to  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

A  letter  from  Florence,  has  the  follow- 
ing: The  last  heard  from  the  Silver  Queen 
they  were  down  18  ft.  on  the  ledge.  The 
ore  is  rich  in  gold,  silver  and  copper.  It 
is  I  rumored  in  town,  during  the  week, 
that  Mr.  Simmons  had  found  a  rich  mine 
somewhere  west  of  town.  Col.  Cany  ha3 
recently  received  some  big  assays  from 
rock  which  he  forwarded  to  San  Francis- 
co. A  recent  run  of  3  days  with  4  stamps 
at  the  Del  Pasco  mill  netted  the  owners 
about  50  ounces  of  gold,  worth  $17  per 
ounce. 

Colorado. 

Items, — Georgetown  Miner,  March  7: 
Baily  &  Nott  has  shipped  during  the  past 
week  '65%  tons,  on  account  of  owners,  of 
rich  smelting  ore. 

Another  crusher  will  soon  be  in  position 
in  the  mill  of  the  Silver  Plume  Co.  at  Sil- 
ver Plume.  This  mill  will  soon  have  a 
crushing  capacity  of  26  tons  per  diem. 

About  1,160  ft.  from  the  mouth,  and 
about  600  ft.  from  the  surface,  the  Mar- 
shall tunnel  has  cut  a  vein  of  mineral,  val- 
uable for  silver  as  well  as  lead. 

Shipments. — The  last  shipment  of  ore, 
21,515  lbs.  of  the  Marshall  S.  M.  Co.,  eon- 
tains  6,949  ozs.  of  silver  and  35  per  cent,  of 
lead.  The  coin  value  of  the  silver  in  this  lot 
of  ore  is,  $8,984.35.  The  lead  contained  in 
the  ore,  7,630%  lbs. ,  at  5  cts.  per  lb.,  in 
coin,  would  be  worth  $381.51.  Total  coin 
value  of  silver  and  lead  in  the  ore  $9,365.- 
87.  The  amount  of  ore  shipped  out  of  the 
county  during  Feb.,  foots  up  to  more  than 
240  tons.  The  average  value  of  the  ore,  in 
coin,  will  amount  to  $400  per  ton,  or  $96,- 
000  peT  month. 

Hidden    Treasure. — This   lode   is    on 


March  23,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


181 


Leavenworth,  a  short  distance  above  tho 
Eqnator  and  Compass  A  Square  lodes. 
The  discovery  is  being  worked  by  (lark  & 
Co.  and  McCoy  &  Co.  East  of  tho  dis- 
covery, Stowol,  Cox  i  Co.,  Hurd  i  Co., 
Chipman  .V  Co.,  Muhuner  &  Fellows,  and 
a  Co.  of  Swedes  aro  working  ground  iu  the 
order  named.  West  from  tho  discovery 
Hairs,  Shea  &  Co.,  Ingram  &  Co.,  Papin 
&  Co.  and  J.  Gnnew  4  Co.  are  working 
ground  in  the  order  named.  Nearly  every 
Co.  have  struck  good  pay.  The  value  in 
coin,  of  the  oro  yield  of  tho  mine  is  at  the 
rate  of  SI. 000  per  diem. 

Gold  Hii.r.. — Central  Register,  March  G: 
A  private  lottor  informs  us  that  Cort  & 
Day  expect  to  have  their  shaft  and  engine 
house  on  the  Horsefall  lode  completed  by 
the  15th  or  20th  of  March,  when  tiny  Mill 
commence  hoistiug  water.  As  soon  as  the 
water  is  out  of  the  mine,'  a  large  force  of 
men  will  bo  put  iu  the  mine  to  work  night 
and  day. 

Wu.  Tmrtna  has  leased  tho  Tollor  prop- 
erty, on  tho  Adeline  lode,  also  the  adjoin- 
ing claims  to  tho  west,  ou  the  Gunnel  hill. 
He  takes  possession  to-morrow,  and  will 
push  the  work  with  energy. 

Shipments  of  bullion  from  tho  Caribou 
mill  are  becoming  regular  and  frequent. 

S.  B.  AhdBBWB,  of  Caribou,  placed  some 
ores  on  our  table,  from  the  following 
lodes,  viz:  "  Seven-thirty,"  "  Caribou," 
"  Wabash," and  "  1'otosi."  Of  theso lodes, 
he  says,  the  first  carries  a  pay-streak  18 
inches  in  thickness,  and  the  drifts  are  be- 
ing run  east  and  west  on  tho  vein.  The 
main  shaft  ou  tho  "  Caribou  "  250  ft.  deep. 
The  first-class  oro  in  this  shaft  is  one  ft. 
thick.  Tho  east  shaft  is  down  140  ft.,  and 
shows  a  4  ft.  vein  of  oro.  The  "  Wabash  " 
is  GO  ft.  deep,  aud  has  15  inches  of  good 
ore.  On  the  "  Potosi,"  the  maiu  shaft  is 
75  ft.  deep.  A  drift  has  been  commenced 
at  a  depth  of  50  ft.  Tho  ore  is  2  ft.  thick, 
and  assays  SI  50  per  ton.  Eight  tons  of  ore 
have  just  been  shipped  from  this  mine,  to 
tho  Middle  Boulder  mill. 

Idaho. 

Local  Eecord. — Silver  City  Avalanche, 
March  9:  Under  the  guidance  of  J.  Jewell, 
foreman  of  the  Mahogany,  we  went  through 
the  various  levels,  drifts  and  stopes  of  that 
mine  on  Wednesday.  The  main  shaft  is 
down  437  ft.  from  the  surface.  Pour  ft. 
from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  a  tank  has 
been  put  in  to  receive  the  water  from  the 
5th  level  after  tho  veiu  shall  have  been 
tapped.  The  crosscut  from  the  bottom 
of  the  shaft  is  in  about  8  ft.,  and  Mr. 
Jewell  expects  to  run  from  8  to  10  ft.  fur- 
ther before  striking  tho  ledge.  The  shaft 
will  shortly  be  put  down  to  the  Gth  level. 
The  4th  level  is  at  a  depth  of  328  ft.  The 
length  of  the  cross-cut  from  the  shaft  to 
the  ledge  at  this  point  was  12  ft.  Drifts 
have  been  run  both  north  and  south  on 
the  vein  in  the  4th  level.  The  South  drift 
has  been  extended  95  ft.,  and  stopes  taken 
off  from  cross-cut  for  Gl  ft.  in  length  with 
an  average  hight  of  25  ft.  The  north  drift 
is  in  79  ft.  with  the  backs  taken  away  for 
G5  ft.  in  length,  and  at  an  average  hight  of 
33  ft.  There  is  yet  35  ft.  more  to  run  be- 
fore reaching  the  South  Chariot  line;  so 
that  there  is  a  fine  vein  of  stopes,  12G  ft, 
in  length  and  still  getting  longer  by  ex- 
tending south.  Throughout  the  4th  level 
the  ore  is  better  than  was  ever  before 
found  in  the  mine.  The  pay  streak  is 
about  a  foot  in  width,  and  will  pay  over 
S100  per  ton.  Free  gold  and  pure  silver 
in  abundance  can  be  seen  in  almost  any  of 
the  quartz,  and  also  in  the  granite 
casings.  They  have  shipped  about  250 
tons  of  ore  to  the  mill  and  have  50  tons  on 
hand  in  the  ore  house.  Forty-three  men, 
all  told,  are  employed  in  the  mine  at  pres- 
ent, and  they  aro  taking  out  from  12  to  15 
tons  of  ore  every  24  hours. 

The  South  Chariot  4th  level  drift  is  in 
228  ft.,  showing  a  15- inch  ledge,  and  look- 
ing better  than  ever  before  since  it  was 
started. 

The  2d  level  drift  of  the  Minnesota  is  in 
140  ft.  north  from  the  shaft  and  130  south. 
The  ledge  is  from  G  to  15  inches  in  width, 
of  ore  that  will  pay  about  ifJGO  per  ton. 

South  Mountain.  —  Boise  Statesman, 
Mar.  9:  Twenty-eight  men  have  been 
wintering  in  South  Mt.  Tho  country  has 
been  prosjiected  iu  a  limited  manner  for 
about  5  miles  square.  About  150  ledges 
have  been  located.  The  Bay  State,  Yreka, 
Independent,  Mammoth,  Original  and 
Monitor  are  the  ones  that  are  being  pros- 
pected, and  may  be  considered  as  fairly 
tested.  The  Bay  State  is  nearly  solid  ga- 
lena; 5  tons  sent  to  S.  F.  yielded  $105  to 
the  ton  in  silver,  and  45  per  cent.  lead. 
The  work  is  down  16  ft. ;  it  shows  an  aver- 
age of  4  ft.  in  width.  The  Golconda  is 
down  40  ft.— 300  tons  taken  out.  The 
lead  opens  60  ft.  wide.  The  ore  is  half 
carbonate  and  half  galena.  The  Yreka  is 
down  20  ft.;  shows  a  large  lead  but  the 


width  is  not  known.  Some  of  the  ore  has 
been  sent  to  S.  F.,  and  works  $100  to  the 
ton ;  50  to  100  tons  have  been  taken  out. 
Tho  Independent  is  down  18  ft.;  bIiows  15 
ft.  vide;  900  tons  of  ore  havo  been  taken 
out,  and  the  ore  is  tho  same  character  and 
valne  as  the  Yreka,  only  a  little  more  ga- 
lena. The  Mammoth  shows  on  the  sur- 
face 40  ft.  wide.  Only  3  days  work  have 
been  done  on  this  lead.  The  oro  assays 
$303  to  the  ton.  The  Original  shows  125 
ft.  wide  ou  the  surface.  They  havo  run 
a  cut  45  ft.  across,  and  25  ft.  deep  in  the 
deepest  place.  Tho  average  assay  is  $42 
in  silver  and  27  per  cent.  lead.  The  Mi- 
ami is  down  45  ft.;  shows  Gft.  wide;  assays 
$120  to  tho  ton.  The  Monitor  is  down  25 
ft.,  or  rather  they  have  run  a  tunnel  on 
tho  lead  GO  ft.,  and  are  in  25  ft.  below  tho 
surface;  shows  20  to  30  ft.  wide. 

Throe  furnaces  are  to  be  put  up  in  run- 
ning order  by  tho  1st  of  July. 

The  Outlook. — Idaho  World,  Mar.  2: 
Most  all  the  miners  around  Idaho  City  are 
making  preparations  to  commence  work, 
and  soveral  of  the  short  ditches  will  be 
shoveled  out  during  the  coming  week. 
Tho  Chinese  Cos.  who  are  working  ground 
opposito  town,  under  contract  with  the 
Buena  Vista  Bar  Co.,  have  beeu  ground- 
sluicing  for  the  past  week,  and  have  about 
110  hands  at  work.  Keller  &  Bidwell  aud 
West  &  Balston  will  have  their  claims 
running  in  Bear  Bun  in  a  few  days,  and 
the  Buena  Vista  Bar  Co.  also  have  men  at 
work  on  their  bar  claims  on  tho  west  side 
of  Elk  creek,  putting  things  in  shape  to 
start  their  hydraulics.  The  Buena  Vista 
ditch  was  cleaned  out,  and  the  water  has 
been  running  through  it  for  about  10  days, 
and  the  old  Dunn  ditch  will  be  shoveled 
out  and  water  put  through  it  in  tho  course 
of  a  week.  The  Alderson  ditch,  the  Big 
ditch,  and  More  Creek  ditch,  belonging  to 
the  Buena  Vista  Bar  Co. ,  also,  will  proba- 
bly not  be  cleaned  out  for  a  couple  of 
weeks  yet. 

W.  J.  Hanks,) foreman  of  the  Empire, 
has  that  mine  in  splendid  shape  for  work- 
ing. Stopes  are  being  driven  north  the  en- 
tire depth  of  the  shaft,  which  is  down  90 
ft.  from  the  surface.  The  ledge  averages 
a  foot  or  more  in  width  as  far  as  it  has  yet 
been  worked,  and  the  ore  pays  about  $150 
per  ton.  A  new  ledge,  1%  ft.  in  width,  has 
just  come  into  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  from 
the  west. 

The  Morning  Star  shaft  will  be  down 
220  ft.  next  week,  from  the  bottom  of 
which  a  drift  will  be  run  north  200  ft.  to 
connect  with  the  old  works. 

Lower  California. 

Machinery. — About  2  tons,  consisting 
principally  of  a  railway  track,  were  shipped 
to  Ensenada  yesterday.  The  material  is 
intended  for  the  mine  and  mill  of  Mr.  Mc- 
Kean. 

Montana. 

Beaktown. — Deer  Lodge  New  North 
West,  March  2:  The  residents  of  Beartown 
and  vicinity  are  making  preparations  for  an 
uncommonly  prosperous  season.  The 
claims  of  Brady  &  Co.  and  Brennen  &  Co. 
immediately  above  town,  have  been  worked 
successfully  all  winter,  and  there  is  half  a 
mile  of  the  gulch  above  them  yet  to  be 
worked.  The  gulch  for  10  miles  below  the 
town  is  being  mined,  with  good  results, 
and  over  a  100  cabins  have  busy  occu- 
pants. 

Silver  Bow. — Deer  Lodge  Independent, 
March  2:  Should  the  present  warm  weath- 
er continue,  mining  operations  will  be  re- 
sumed much  earlier  this  season  than  com- 
mon. 

Clean  Up. — Helena  Gazette,  March  7: 
From  a  new  lode  opened  this  winter  in 
the  Sultana  dist.  on  the  Park,  at  the  head 
of  Grizzly  gulch,  called  the  Choctaw,  a 
run  was  made  on  the  quartz  this  week,  at 
Judge  Turnley's  mill,  which  yielded  $44 
to  the  ton.  The  crevice  of  paying  quartz 
is  about  1%  ft.  in  width,  and  shows  every 
indication  of  widening  out. 

Bullion. — Helena  Herald,  March  7:  The 
Helena  Beduction  Works,  2  furnaces  in 
blast,  turned  out  in  the  12  hours  run  last 
night,  38  bars  of  crude  bullion  of  50  Jbs. 
each. 

We  saw  to-day  a  specimen  of  silver 
ore  from  the  Poor  Man's  lode,  at  Phillips- 
burg,  which  will  assay  $10,000  to  the  ton. 


Coyote  Creek,  are  paying  from  2  to  3  ozs. 
per  day  to  the  hand,  for  drifting. 

HnooBT. — Mr.  Beekman,  bought  on 
Monday,  a  gold  nugget  of  a  Chinaman, 
supposed  to  have  been  found  on  Jackson 
creek,  that  weighed  1%  lbs.,  and  valued  at 
$444.25. 

Utah. 

Billion.—  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  March  13: 
Since  tho  9th  inst.  W.  F.  &  Co.  has  re- 
ceived from  Raymond  &  Ely  40  bars  val- 
ued at  SC2.010.22.  On  tho  12th  they  for- 
warded to  N.  V.  16  bara  valued  at  14,- 
084.4(1  from  the  Meadow  Valley  works. 
Last  week  Dtirant  &  Cutting  received  80,- 
000  fbs.  of  oro  from  the  South  Star  and 
Titus  mines.  N.  P.  Woods  shipped  yes- 
terday 4  car  loads  of  bullion  from  the  Sul- 
tana works,  American  Fork. 

Discovert. -A  large  amount  of  galena  ore 
has  been  struck  in  the  Winnomucca  mine 
Bingham  canon,  yielding  several  ozs.  of 
silver  per  ton. 

Star.— Specimens  from  the  Mary  Jose- 
phine, at  a  depth  of  0  ft.  assay  $1G,000; 
Yellow  Jacket  ore,  from  a  depth  of  20  ft., 
85,000. 

Ophir. — The  owners  of  nearly  all  the 
smelting  works  are  preparing  their  furna- 
ces to  commence  operations  early  in  the 
spring.  New  arastras  are  going  up  and  the 
Aiken  furnace  attached  to  the  Pioneer 
quartz  mill  is  completed. 

Stockton. — Simon's  smelters  on  Stock- 
ton Lake,  are  not  running  at  present. 

Pioneer  Mills. — Tho  furnace  is  ehlo- 
riding  up  to  80  per  cent,  and  the  amalga- 
mation -working  well. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board. 

San  Francisco,  March  21,  1872. 
The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending 
Wednesday  the  13th  inst.  amounted  to  $4,072,- 
300.  The  heaviest  transactions  were  in  Meadow 
Valley,  Washington  &  Creole,  Excelsior  and 
Eureka  Consolidated.  Last  week  758  tons, 
assaying  $37  per  ton,  were  taken  from  the 
Ch oil ar- Potosi  mine.  The  shipment  from  the 
Raymond  &  Ely  from  the  1st  to  the  15th  of 
March  aggregate  5160,000  ;  total  received  for 
the  month  thus  far  $102,075.  Nearly  800  tons 
of  ore  were  taken  from  the  Hale  &  Norcross 
mine  last  week;  2,950  from  the  Crown  Point, 
valued  at  $142,000,  and  1,200  tons  from  the 
Savage  mine,  assaying  S30.50.  The  following 
Trustees  of  the  Alps  Mining  Co.  have  been 
elected:  J.  D.  Fry,  C.  W.  Fox,  A.  Hayward,  C. 
S.  Hobbs  and  E.  Skerrett.  On  Friday,  stocks 
were  moderately  firm;  Saturday  a  little  more 
active;  Monday  and  Tuesday  still  active;  and 
Wednesday  and  to-day  the  market  was  rather 
weak;  almost  all  lauds  sold  lower. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  P.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Feb._14.    ffii/hert.    Lotcert.  March  21.. 4nV.  Dee. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scxsk. 
Ttric  Patss  and  other  San  Francisco  Journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAlfE.  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  ASSESSMENT  DELINQUENT.      OF  BALK. 

Alps  S.  M.  Oo.  Ni  v..  March  1,760 April  '.'—April  30 

[Gravel  M.Co,  Cal..IYl>  ■.';[, *:t .Mar.'JT—  Apr.  i;i 

Caledonia S  M.  Co..  New,  I-Yb.  I.  $4 Har.8— M*r.  20 

Cons.Virginia  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  IB,  £t.Apr.  34— Muv  IS 
Daney  G.  &  S.  M.  Oo  .  Hev.,  Feb,  1.  SScMir.  *— Mm.  U 
Emerald  Hill  U,  Oo..TJ.T.,  Jan  11,350.— Fab.  10,  Mar.  u 
Golden  Agaft  Bmplre  H.Oo.  Feb. 9,  5  1.60.  Mar.  13— AprJS 

Qoutdft  Curry,  Nov.,  Jan  30,  (16 Mar.  (—April  26 

Oolden  Chirtot,  I.  T.,  .inn.  31—82  60,  Mar.  9,  Mar  SO 
Grand  Duke  M.  Oo.,  D.T.,  Mur.r.,  36c.. April  15— Mav  16 

Ida  Elniory.  Idaho,  March  C,  ;;t Vpril  11— May  10 

KincaidFlat  M.  Co..  Cal.,  fYb.  14.  $3.  .Mur.  18— April  8* 
Mahogany  G.&S. M.Co.  I.T.  Jan.  2u.fi. r.u  Mar.  6— Mar.  S3 

Blaroeliaa  S,  M.  OO,  Mar.  8,  100 April  16—  Mav  7» 

XuunUay  S.M.l'o.  White  Pine,  Fil'.l.vnc.Mar.  5— Mar   25 

Nnastn  Senon  de  Qnadelupe,  Mav  r.»,  $2.Ap  16 —  Mays* 

Overman  S  tf.Go,  Gold  Hill,  Mar.  1H,  $4  Apr.  13— MaC  13 
Pacific  Borax  Co..  Her.  Feb.  33,  L6o..Mueb  28— April  16 

Peter  Walter M.  Co.  PUoex  Co.  Mar.  n.  tI.Apr.18— May 6 

Phoanll  S.  M  .  X.  v  .  Mar.  19,  75c April  24— Mav  16 

Pieruiont  U. &  M.  Co., N..  Jan.  20.  SOo.-Mar.  i.  Mar. 33* 
Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal..  Feb.  35,  $5.  -April  6-  May  <•" 
Quail  HU1M.&  W.Co.,  Cal  Feb. 16.io.Mar.26— April  1C* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  -Ian.  19,  -1  Feb.  28—  Mar.  29 
South  Chariot  M.  Co.,  I.  T.,  Feb.  8,  |l...Mu,  8— April  1 

South  Eureka.  Nev.,  Mar.  2, 15c April  4— April  Ji 

Spring  ml  Tmiuel  Co., March  12,  Uo.  April  39— Mav  i:t* 
St.  Patrick  M.Co.  Placer  co.  Cal.  Feb.S.J<.Mar.l3— Apr.2 
8.  Gnlch  flr.  M.  Co.. Cal.,  Feb  7.  $1.60. Mar  13— April 3* 

Tallulah  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  Tan.  30,  t1 Mar.  5— Mar.  26 

Tecumseh  G.R  &O.M.Co.C»l.Mar.90.$8.Apr.33— M»y94* 

Washington  Si  Creole  M.  Co.  Fob.  16,  50©.  Mar.  15 -Apr.ll 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HF.LD. 

Bnckeyo  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  29 

CadmuBM.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  1 

Eagle  Quicksilver  M.  Co Special  Meeting.  Mar.  25* 

Hale  and  Norcross Special  Meeting  April  18 

Jackson  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  26 

North  Oro  Fino Annual  Meeting  Mar   25 

OroFino  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  Mar.  25 

Pha-uixS.M.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  1 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $16 Payable  March  9 

Chollar  Potosi.  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $15  Payable  March  15 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co. I  perct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Pavable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.50 Pavable  March  18 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Payable  Feb.  10 

Raymond  A  Ely.  $5 Payable  March  8 

'Advertised  in  this  journal. 


Alpha $37 

Ainador — 

Belcher 600 

Buckeye — 

Cbollar-Potosi..  64 

Caledonia 18J£ 

Cons.  Virginia...  38 
Crown  Point.... 780 

Daney — 

Eureka  Cons....  29 

Eureka Wi 

Exchequer 18 

Gould  A  Curry.. 207 
Golden  Chariot..  21 
Hale  &  Norcross  a00 

Imperial 117'ij 

Ida  Elmore '  14 

Kentuok 260 

Mammoth — 

Meadow  Valley..  24 

Mahogany 17 

Opliir 66 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.    S'a 

Overman 52 

Pioche 15H£ 

Raymond  &  Ely. 135 

Savage  237 

Sierra  Nevada...  28 

succor   5\4 

Wash.JfcCreole..  7 
Yellow  Jacket...  88 

St.  Patrick — 

Seg,   Belcher 60 


22 

46 
8011 
3?5 

31 

21W 

IS.1!? 
240 

23 
350 
150 

14' i 
300 

650 

24 

17 

85 

10 

66'  , 

16 
136 
260 

29 


61 

ITi 
36'5 

780 
2'. 
27 
IK'i 
17'* 

200 

mi 


28 
21>^ 


227 
26'^ 


3>0 
123 
14'.i 


10 
60 
16 

120 
252 
27itf 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


BID.  ASKED 

Alpha  Cong 33  34 

Amador —  — 

Belcher 608         610 

Chollar-Potosi..  67 
Crown  Point....      — 

Dauey 314 

EurekaOons....      27^4 

Eureka 21 

(lolden  Ohariot.  20 
Gould  A  Curry.  230 
Hale  £  Norcross    320 


67S4 


'_'<!', 


BID.  ASKED. 

Ida  Hlmore 14  14* 

Imperial 123  12 

Kentuck — 

Meadow  Valley..    227«  2 

Ophir 764  7 

Orig.  Hid.  Treaa     8% 

Overman 58}£  6 

Savage 215  25 

Raymond  &  Ely.   127!£  12 

Sierra  Nevada..  .*  27  27'; 
Yellow  Jacket...    SI,1! 


New  Mexico. 

Our  Mines.—  Santa  Fe  Post,  March  2: 
We  learn  from  Elizabethtown  that  pros- 
pects for  the  coming  season  are  very  hope- 
ful. At  the  Corona  del  Pueblo  silver 
mines  in  Socorro  county  and  Silver  City 
mines  in  Grant  county  great  activity  pre- 
vails. 

Oregon. 

Etch  Mines. — Oregon  Sentinel,  March 
9:    The   claims  of   O'Shea   &  Stevens,  on 


Consignment  of  Californian  Pears. — 
We  have  often  had  to  direct  attention 
to  the  magnitude  of  the  fruit  trade  of  this 
city  and  the  enormous  distances  from 
i  which  in  many  cases  the  Glasgow  market 
is  supplied.  A  better  illustration  of  this 
could  not  possibly  be  adduced  than  the 
fact  that  on  Saturday  Mr.  Thomas  Davis, 
of  the  Bazaar,  received  a  consignment  of 
pears  grown  in  Sacramento,  California. 
The  pears  are  of  the  Easter  Benrre  kind, 
and  arrived  in  very  good  condition.  The 
Easter  Beurre  is  a  magnificent  species  of 
pear,  being  twice  or  three  times  the  size 
of  our  Jargonelle,  of  excellent  flavor,  and 
so  well  adapted  for  keeping  that,  notwith- 
standing the  lateness  of  the  season  and  the 
distance  over  which  it  has  travelled,  the 
fruit  looks  as  fresh  as  if  it  had  just  been 
plucked  from  the  tree. — North  British 
Daily  Mail  of  Feb.  3d. 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market 

Corrected  weekly  hy  HookerA  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street-l 

PRICES  FOR  INVOICES 

fobbing  prices  ruU  from  ten  tofiflren  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quolofirmti. 

TuunsDAY,  March  21, 1872 

InON.— 

Scotch  and  English  Pig  Iron,  ®  ton $5  5  00    @  60  00 

White  Pig.  "b!  ton 45  00    B 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  Ijllb — 05    @  —  05>$ 

Refined  Bar.  good  assortment,  ~$  to —  05J6@  —  06 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4  —05    g 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  07^@  —  08 

Sheet.  No.  10  to  13 —  05^(5 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —  06    (gl 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —06    @ 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  lor  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.     5     @  6 

Copper.— 

Sheathing.  7ft  tb —24    @  —  28 

Sheathing.  Yellow  ■■• —  24    ©  —  26 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11    §  —  11« 

Composition  Nails — 24        — 

Composition  Bolts —  24        — 

Plates,  Charcoal.  IX  tH  hoi 12  00 

Plates,  ICCharcoal  10  00  10  50 

Roofing  PlateB 11  00 

BancaTin.  Slabs,?!  n> —  45 

Steel.— English  Cast,  e*  &...; —  16  —  17 

Drill 16  17 

FlatBar 17  20 

Plough  Points 3  .'5 

Russia  (for  mould  hoards! 12i£ 

gtnCKSILVEB.— ft  lb —  85 

EAD-.-Pig,  tl  lb --05J£  —  06« 

Sheet —08  —   8M 

Pipe —    9  —10 

Bar 08  —09 

ZiNC.-Sbeets,  5ft  lb —  10  —  10^ 

Borax.— Refined —25  -  30 

Borax,  crude —   5 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  Bt.J 
San  Francisco,  Thursday.  March  21, 1872. 

Sole  Leatheb.— The  demand  ia  still  equal  to  the  supply. 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

Oity  Tanned  Leather,  f>  tt 2fi@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather.  &  lb 26®29 

Country  Leather,  <$  ft) 25@2!» 

French  skin*  are  BrmBT  with  an  advance  in  tsome  graden. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  lirm,  with  au  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,  8  Kil.,  per  doz *60  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  KiL.perdoz 76  00@  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice.  11  to  15  Kil.lfl  do?, 60  00[ai  76  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  IH  Kil  .^doz  95  00(a) 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  00(a)  70  00 

Cornollian,  IK  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz... ...  60  00io)  S3  00 

OgerauCalf.  V.  doz 04  00® 

Simon,  IS  Kil.,  =A  doz   65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  rf  doz 6S  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  $  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  ^  lb 110®    1  30 

California  Kip,  ^  doz 65  00  to  80  00 

French  Shf-eii,  all  colors,  f,  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  ~$  » 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ^  doz 8  00(g)  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,^  doz 5  50@  10  50 

California  Russet t  Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  fipair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ^  pair 4  50@    5  00 

French  Cal  f  Boot  Legs,  ^  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ft  lb: 30®    37"* 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  ft  doz 48  09®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ft  lb 34®    T,}4 

Welt  Leather,  ft  doz 30  OOra  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ft  foot 18®       20 


Received. — We  are  again  under  obligation 
to  White  &  Bauer,  newsdealers  in  this  city, 
for  the  latest  copies  of  Australian,  China,  New 
Zealand  and  Sandwich  Island  Papers,  viz.  the 
Melbourne  Australian;  the  Sydney  Mail  and 
New  South  Wales  Advertiser;  the  New  Zealand 
Herald;  the  Hongkong  Overland  China  Mail; 
and  the  Honolulu  Commercial  Advertiser. 


Strawberries. — The  first  strawberries  of  the 
season  have  arrived,  having  been  sent  by 
Bloomfield,  of  Santa  Clara,  to  A.  Lusk  &  Co. 


182 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  23,  1872. 


Wastage  of  the  Precious  Metals— No.  4. 

BYALMAKIN  B.  PATJIj. 

[Written  for  the  PnEss—  Concluded.] 
We  boast  of  our  mechanical  and  scientif- 
ic skill,  our  22  years  experience,  our  great 
discernment  and  independent  action,  and 
yet  are  bowed  down  by  our  grandfathers' 
ideas  of  working  gold  ores,  and,  on  the 
average,  do  not  extract  50  per  cent,  of  the 
riches  contained  therein.  Is  there  not  a 
contradiction  in  our  boasts,  when  com- 
pared with  results? 

Some  will  say,  it  is  all  well  to  talk  about 
loss  of  metal,  but  how  can  we  prove  it, 
and  where  is  the  remedy? 

I  will  tell  you  how  to  prove  it,  but  each 
must  work  out  his  own  remedy.  For  my 
part  I  have  worked  out  the  loss  by  what  1 
consider  the  remedy — dry  amalgamation 
— but  our  subject  now  is  loss,  not  remedy. 
To  awaken  the  mind  for  improvements, 
and  be  interested  in  a  remedy,  miners  must 
first  realize  their  loss.  I  contend  there 
are  several  ways  of  working  our  gold  ores 
better  than  the  one  now  universally  used 
in  California.  If  you  want  to  get  a  clear 
comprehension  of  your  loss,  take  say  5 
tons  or  more — not  less.  Eeduce  the  ore 
dry  through  say  No.  20  wire  cloth  screens'; 
mix  all  thoroughly,  then  spread  it  out 
upon  a  floor  about  two  inches  thick.  Lay 
it  out  in  12-inch  squares,  take  a  smaller 
quantity  from  each  square,  take  samples 
thus  obtained,  and  again  mix  them.  Again 
spread  out  say  one  inch  thick,  laid  out  into 
4-inch  squares,  taking  a  smaller  portion 
from  each.  Beduee  this  sample  to  pow- 
der; if  too  much  for  average  assays,  sam- 
ple again  as  before.  Get  3  or  5  assays  from 
reliable  assayers,  average  the  assays.  "Work 
your  ore  by  your  mill  process;  compare 
the  results  with  assays ;  and  in  nine  cases 
out  of  ten  every  one  will  find  they  possess 
more  riches  than  they  thought  they  had. 
Any  other  system  of  testing  is  unreliable. 
Pieces  of  rock  can  be  had  to  assay  more  or 
less  as  you  want.  To  get  at  the  value  of 
your  mine,  the  testing  of  tons  by  this 
mode  is  the  only  safe  one.  It  is  trouble- 
some, and  these  "  old  time  "  gold  miners, 
who  have  got  it  all,  don't  want  to  be 
troubled.  The  less  bigoted  ones,  however, 
may  find  time  and  take  an  interest  in  doing 
so,  and  receive,  I  doubt  not,  a  pleasurable 
lesson.  As  Ihappen  to  be  in  the  unfortunate 
position  of  trying  to  benefit  the  pursuit  in 
which  I  take  the  most  interest  studying,  I 
will  receive  it  as  a  favor,  if  parties  who 
should  make  any  tests  as  the  value  of  their 
ores  in  connection  with  the  loss,  will  send 
me  the  results  of  any  experiments.  I  said 
"  unfortunate  position,"  asl  clearly  realize 
the  fact  that  it  is  unfortunate  for  any  one 
to  start  out  of  the  old  beaten  track,  or  to 
show  the  least  enterprise,  outside  of  "in- 
terest;" for  by  so  doing  he  too  often  be- 
comes the  prey  of  those — 

"  Whose  hungry  maws  are  only  bent 
On  the  fine  feast  of  cent,  per  cent." 

The  closer  we  investigate  the  question 
of  loss  of  the  precious  metals,  the  more  as- 
tounding are  the  facts  disclosed,  the  mill- 
ions upon  millions  that  have  been  allowed 
to  escape  from  our  hands  can  only  be  esti- 
mated by  the  amount  produced.  That  all 
the  fault  of  loss  may  not  be  laid  on  gold 
miners,  I  will  now  present  some  facts  con- 
nected with  silver  mining,  taking  a  few  of 
the  prominent,  and  most  efficient  cases  of 
working  on  the  Comstock  lode,  as  evidence 
of  what  the  loss  is  in  the  best  class  of  mills, 
working  on  the  best  ore.  By  this  means 
the  reader  can  form  some  idea  of  what  the 
loss  is  likely  to  be  in  this  poorer  class  of 
mills  and  on  ores  less  easy  to  manipulate. 
From  the  statistical  tables  now  before  me 
of  the  Hale  and  Norcross  Co.,  I  find  that 
in  one  year  28,000  tons  were  worked,  pro- 
ducing $1,135,220,  with  a  loss  of  $762,516, 
The  product  of  14  mills,  all  working  (for 
several  months  on  Comstock  ore,  was  $816,- 
977,  while  the  assay  value  was  $1,288,132. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  by  the  most  unques- 
tionable statistics  that  the  best  of  the  Corn- 
stock  mills  do  not  average  over  65  per 
cent.,  though  some  claim,  but  have  not 
kept  statistics  to  prove  it,  that  they  have 
worked  up  to  75  per  cent.  The  Comstock 
has  produced  (without  entering  minutely 
into  a  calculation) ,  about  $140,000,000, 
making  a  loss  of  ovev  fifty  millions  of  dol- 
lars in  less  than  twelve  years.  As  corrobora- 
tive evidence  of  the  loss  by  mill  working 
in  general,  is  the  fact  that  the  working 
over  of  tailings  has  grown  into  quite  a  bus- 
iness, the  product  of  which  in  a  measure 
lessens  the  percentage  of  loss  for  amount 
worked,  but  the  quantity  retained  is  small 
in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  ore  re- 
duced; so  that  a  deduction  of  5  per  cent, 
on  gross  loss  will  probably  give  full  credit 
for  that  which  is  produced  by  re-work- 
ing. 
It  is  a  very  singular  fact  that  in  no  por 


tion  of  the  State  of  Nevada,  are  the  ores  as 
pure  as  those  of  the  Comstock  lode,  and  as 
all  are  worked  on  the  same  plan  as  the 
Comstock,  their  percentage  of  value  is 
much  less— excepting  in  cases  where  fur- 
naces are  used  and  no  expense  spared  to 
purify  the  metal.  I  am  speaking  only  of 
mill  ores.  The  reason  of  this  low  percent- 
age, is  that  lead,  copper  or  antimony,  in 
all  their  various  combinations  as  sulphur- 
ets,  carbonates  and  chlorides,  is  more  or 
less  intermixed  with  the  ores,  vitiating 
the  mercuty,  andj  thus  rendering  amalga- 
mation difficult.  In  gaining  percentage 
in  silver  working,  the  question  of  expense 
is  more  to  be  considered  than  gold.  The 
ores  of  Nevada,  in  fact  I  may  say  silver 
ores  everywhere  occur  in  such  a  multipli- 
city of  combinations  that  it  requires  more 
skill,  science  and  experience  to  manipulate 
them,  than  gold,  and  yet  the  percentage  on 
the  whole,  is  above  that  of  gold  working 
in  California,  showing,  as  I  assert,  that 
our  system  of  silver  mining  is  ahead  of  our 
gold  mining.  In  silver  districts,  about 
every  locality  has  its  own  peculiar  combi- 
nation of  base  and  precious  metals,  which 
combination  exacts  respectful  considera- 
tion, or  great  Joss  is  the  result.  To  be 
just,  we  must  admit,  that  while  some  mills 
working  on  very  troublesome  ore  do  not 
produce  over  35  per  cent.,  there  are  few 
mills,  as  before  remarked,  working  regard- 
less of  expense  on  rich  ores,  which  do  pro- 
duce on  the  average  as  large  as  85  per 
cent. 

There  is  one  marked  difference,  too,  in 
our  gold  and  silver  mining,  and  that  is,  a 
clearer  knowledge  of  what  the  loss  is — if 
only  30  per  cent,  is  obtained,  they  know  it 
and  seek  to  better  it.  The  system  of  sam- 
pling ores,  and  the  careful  assaying  of  the 
same,  is  carried  on  now  in  nearly  all  the 
Comstock  mills  to  a  commendable  degree 
of  exactness,  which  is  not  only  highly  im- 
portant in  a  statistical  point  of  view  to 
those  interested  directly,  in  a  pecuniary 
way,  but  is  of  general  value.  This  is 
worthy  of  imitation  in  California,  but,  at 
the  same  time,  no  such  correctness  can  be 
expected  in  gold,  as  in  silver;  for  the  rea- 
son, that  silver  is  more  universally  dis- 
seminated in  the  ores,  while  gold  is  less  so, 
and  as  one  portion  may  have  a  small  parti- 
cle more  than  another,  its  greater  value 
when  multiplied  into  tons,  often  render 
erroneous  values.  It  is  only  by  great  care 
with  a  number  of  assays,  that  correct  val- 
ues can  be  obtained  in  general  working. 
Tests,  such  as  given  in  my  last,  are  more 
to  be  relied  on.  The  silver  mills  of  Ne- 
vada surpass  the  best  gold  mills  of  Califor 
nia  in  order,  system,  neatness,  expansive- 
ness  and  of  course  expense — but  that  ex- 
pense pays.  There  are  mills  there  costing 
over  one  millian  of  dollars  and  but  few  less 
than  $25,000,  while  the  average  will  reach 
as  high  as  $80,000  possibly  $100,000. 

If  a  California  gold  miner,  who  has  not 
had  experience  out  of  his  own  State,  should 
visit  the  best  works  of  Nevada,  he  might 
be  much  benefitted  by  what  he  saw,  and 
possibly  become  less  conceited  of  the  per- 
fectness  and  vastness  of  California  mining. 
At  all  events  he  would  be  satisfied  that 
there  was  something  yet  to  do  at  home. 
There  is  one  thing  in  favor  of  Nevada,  that 
for  silver  mining  she  has  had  full  com- 
mand of  capitol,  while  gold  mining  has  had 
to  hold  its  own  the  best  it  could;  but  let 
more  interest  be  manifested  in  gold  and  it 
will  in  every  way  come  fully  up  to  the 
standard.  With  this  I  will  close,  although 
I  could  write  more  on  the  same  subject, 
with  a  multitude  of  facts,  setting  forth  the 
loss  dailly  taking  place — wealth  which  we 
all  would  like  to  handle,  and  are  much  in 
need  of  in  the  present  condition  of  busi- 
ness. It  is  to  be  hoped  at  least,  that  the 
facts  concerning  these  losses  will  be  more 
closely  investigated,  all  of  which  will  re- 
bound not  only  to  individuals,  but  to  the 
general  good. 

I  will  not  say  by  what  system  it  can  be 
remedied.  The  point  is  save  the  metal,  our 
home  necessities  demand  it.  The  National 
debt  demands  it,  trade  and  commerce  de- 
mand, and  above  all  the  sciences  and  spir- 
it of  the  age,  the  onward  march  of  civilli- 
zation  demands  it.  With  a  great  influx  of 
the  precious  metals,  comes  a  correspond- 
ing activity  in  trade  and  commerce,  with 
their  buoyancy  comes  a  higher  standard  of 
intelligence  elegance,  and  refinement. 
Our  wasteful  system  is  labor,  without  re- 
ward, a  more  careful  one,  is  wealth  for  in- 
dustry. Let  us  remedy  the  evil,  by  doing 
it  we  can  bnild  homes  for  the  poor.  Do 
it,  and  there  need  be  no  poor,  where  there 
is  muscle.  Do  it.  Then  begins  the  Golden 
Era  of  America,  the  splendor  of  which, 
like  the  noon  day's  sun,  will  give  warmth, 
activity  and  good  cheer  to  all. 


The  Badger. 

The  badger  is  a  clumsy  animal,  with 
short,  thick  legs,  and  is  nearly  related  to 
the  bear.  It  is  of  the  genus  meles,  and  is 
found  in  Europe,  Asia  and  North  America, 
and  is  sometimes  called  the  ground-hog. 
It  is  indolent,  solitary,  sleepy,  and  gener- 
ally considered  a  stupid  animal,  feeds 
mostly  on  vegetables,  and  by  night.  With 
its  powerful  claws  it  excavates  deep  and 
commodious  burrows,  in  which  it  remains 
during  the  day  time.  He  seldom  leaves 
his  retreat  at  all  during  the  severe  winters 
of  the  north. 

The  word  badger  is  from  bloda,  the  Latin 
for  corn.  This  animal  was  called  bladarius, 
by  the  Latins,  because  he  carried  away  the 
corn  from  the  fields  of  the  farmers.  So  in 
every  land,  one  who  buys  corn  in  one  place 
and  carries  it  to  another  to  sell  is  called  a 
badger. 

The  traveler  on  the  wide  prairies  of  Ne- 
braska, Iowa  and  Kansas,  and  along  the 
great  thoroughfares  of  the  Bocky  moun- 
tains, often  meets  the  burrows  of  this  ani- 
mal. He  is  also  found  occasionally  on  the 
Atlantic  Coast  as  far  north  as  Labrador, 
which  has  given  its  name  to  a  species  of 
this  animal  peculiar  to  that  locality. 

The  badger  sometimes  leaves  his  retreat 
in  the  day  time.     A  traveler   on  the  west- 


Alabama  has  six  cotton  factories,  which 
work  rip  20,000  bales   of  cotton   annually. 


ern  plains  relates  the  following  incident: 
' '  We  once  surprised  as  many  as  five  in  a 
single  day — two  of  them  in  company,  as  if 
upon  a  journey.  We  kept  them  before  us 
for  more  than  three  miles — whenever  they 
attempted  to  escape,  we  would  rush  npon 
them — when  they  would  turn  and  fight 
most  savagely — retreating  backwards  and 
contesting  every  inch  of  the  ground  in  the 
retreat;  and  often  rush  at  horse,  man  and 
dog  in  so  determined  a  manner — that  we 
were  obliged  to  fall  back — as  we  did  not 
wish  to  kill  them.  After  more  than  three 
miles  fighting  and  retreating,  they  seemed 
to  be  in  the  latitude  of  home— as  they 
made  a  sharp  turn  to  the  left,  and  came 
near  reaching  their  burrow;  but  were 
killed  not  a  rod  from  its  mouth.  From 
this  circumstance  as  well  as  many  others 
under  our  observation,  we  are  led  to  be- 
lieve that  the  badger  is  given  to  making- 
visits  to  far  distant  friends,  or  is  some- 
times of  a  wandering  disposition." 

The  badger  can  live  many  days  without 
food  or  water;  and  even  at  the  end  of  a 
three  weeks  fast  has  been  known  to  give  a 
most  determined  fight  to  a  dog.  The  one 
which  we  have  chosen  for  our  illustration 
is  one  of  the  varieties  peculiar  to  this  con- 
tinent, and  is  known  as  the  metis  Ameri- 
cana. 


American  Wonders. 

The  greatest  cataract  in  the  world  is  the 
Falls  of  Niagara,  where  the  water  from  the 
great  npper  lakes  forms  a  river  of  three- 
quarterB  of  a  mile  in  width,  and  then,  be- 
ing suddenly  contracted,  plunges  over  the 
rocks  in  two  columns,  to  the  depth  of  one 
hundred  and  seventy  feet. 

The  greatest  cave  in  the  world  is  the 
Mammoth  Cave  in  Kentucky,  where  any 
one  can  make  a  voyage  on  the  waters  of  a 
subterranean  river,  and  catch  fish  without 
eyes. 

The  greatest  river  in  the  world  is  the 
Misssissippi,  4,100  miles  long. 

The  largest  valley  in  the  world  is  the 
valley  of  the  Mississippi.  It  contains 
500,000  square  miles,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  fertile  and  profitable  regions  of  the 
globe. 

The  largest  lake  in  the  world  is  Lake  Su- 
perior, which  is  truly  an  inland  sea,  being 
four  hundred  and  thirty  miles  long  and 
one  thousand  feet  deep. 

The  longest  railroad  in  the  world  is  the 
Pacific  Bailroad,  which  is  over  three  thou- 
sand miles  in  length. 

The  greatest  natural  bridge  in  the  world 
is  the  natural  bridge  over  Cedar  Creek,  in 
Virginia.  It  extends  across  a  chasm  eighty 
feet  in  width  and  two  hundred  an  fifty 
feet  deep,  at  the  bottom  of  which  the  creek 
flows. 

The   greatest  mass   of  solid  iron  in  the 
world  is  the  great  iron  mountain  in  Mis-  " 
sonri.    It  is  three  hundred   and   fifty  feet 
high  and  two  miles  in  circuit. 

The  largest  deposits  of  anthracite  coal  in 
the  world  are  in  Pennsylvania,  the  mines 
of  which  supply  the  market  with  millions 
of  tons  annually,  and  appear  to  be  inex- 
haustible. 


Lighting  Stkeets. — Since  her  recon- 
struction, Paris — always  a  city  of  munici- 
pal elegancies — has  introduced  a  new  and 
improved  method  of  lighting  her  streets. 
We  quote  from  a  letter  to  the  Philadelphia 
Press  the  following:  "  One  novelty  since 
the  war  is  the  use  of  a  new  electric  gas  for 
lighting  the  streets.  Nearly  all  the  half- 
circle  of  the  Boulevards,  on  the  Louvre 
side  of  the  Seine,  is  not  rnerelylighted  but 
illuminated  in  this  manner.  I  do  not 
know  how  this  gas  is  produced,  but  it  has 
all  the  brilliancy  of  a  Bude  light,  and  the 
cost  is  inconsiderable.  In  a  short  time, 
no  doubt,  every  street  in  Paris  will  be 
lighted  in  this  manner,  with  very  little  ex- 
pense. There  cannot  be  an  explosion,  it 
is  stated,  and  as  for  an  escape  of  gas  that 
does  not  matter,  as  this  is  inodorous.  It 
wouid  be  worth  while  for  the  ruling  pow- 
ers to  send  a  Commissioner  or  two  over  to 
Paris  to  inquire  into  this  new  system  of 
street  illuminations.  For  domestic  use  — 
that  is,  in  dwelling  houses — the  intensity 
of  the  light  may  be  objectionable.  In  the 
open  air,  however,  this  is  an  advantage. 


Iron. 

Five  years  ago,  Illinois  did  not  produce 
a  ton  of  pig  metal.  Last  year  she  made 
65,000  tons. 

Last  year  Missouri  mined  268,800  tons  of 
iron  ore,  and  Michigan  910,985  tons. 

Nearly  one-third  of  the  pig  metal  pro- 
duced in  the  United  States,  is  made  from 
Michigan  ore. 

Illinois,  as  a  rail-producing  State  is 
second  only  to  Pennsylvania. 

About  3,500  tons  of  'black  ore'  is  mined 
in  Clay  county,  Indiana,  every  day,  part 
of  which  is  sent  to  St.  Louis. 

One  mill  in  Wisconsin,  places  that  State 
fifth  on  the  list  of  rail-producing  States. 
It  made  25,774  tons,  last  year. 

Michigan  made  nearly  100,000  tons  of 
pig  metal,  last  year,  against  900  tons  in 
1854. 

The  Missouri  ore  companies  are  pre- 
pared to  put  500,000  tons  of  ore  in  the 
market,  this  year. 

The  manufacture  of  rails  in  this  country, 
has  just  doubled  in  the  last  six  years. 

Th  e  year  1872  opens  on  a  very  small 
stock  of  iron  throughout  the  world.  In 
the  United  States  the  aggregate  is  lower 
than  at  this  period  for  many  years,  and 
the  product  of  the  furnaces  for  1872  is 
largely  contracted  for.  In  England  prices 
have  been  steadily  advancing  for  several 
months  and  the  stocks  of  finished  iron  in- 
creasing, until  the  scarcity  there  equals 
that  here.  In  both,  and,  in  deed,  all  coun- 
tries, the  various  branches  of  manufacture 
are  fully  employed.  The  completion  of 
projected  undertakings,  and  the  prosecu- 
tion of  new  ones,  will  demand  greater 
supplies  than  the  production  of  1872  will 
meet,  and  we  may,  consequently,  look  for 
higher  prices. — Ex. 

The  Wing  op  the  Locust. — If  the  tip 
of  the  wing  of  the  so-called  "  seventeen- 
year  locust,"  is  placed  under  a  low  magni- 
fying power,  there  will  be  seen  near  the 
fancied  letter  W  (which  has  been  ob- 
served by  some  with  superstition)  a 
beautiful  branching,  arborescent  appear- 
ance, which  is  probably  due  to  certain 
vessels  which  supply  nutriment  to  the 
wing.  The  branches  are  transparent,  and 
are  based  on  one  of  the  muscular  bands  of 
the  wing.  They  appear  to  be  filled  with  some 
granular  material.  Why  they  appear  only 
at  this  one  spot  on  the  wing  has  not  been 
explained. 

Labge  Aemob  Plates. — A  firm  in  Shef- 
field, England,  have  just  lately  succeeded 
in  rolling  the  largest  armor  plates  ever 
made.  The  plates  are  intended  to  pro- 
tect the  turrets  of  the  great  war  ship  De- 
vastation, which  is  being  built  at  Ports- 
mouth. Each  plate  weighs  twenty-four 
tons  and  measures  twenty  feet  in  length, 
nine  feet  in  breadth  and  eight  inches  in 
thickness. 


March  23,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


183 


(JsEfdl.     lflFOF\[K\T,OM' 


Oatmeal  and  the  Intellect. 

At  the  annuol  meeting  of  the  American 
i  ition  for  the  Advancement  of  Edu- 
oatioo,  recently  held  in  this  city.  Professor 
Baldeman  advocated  the  u»e  of  high  phos- 
pborized  food  for  teachers,  they  having 
iiiii<-1i  expenditure  of  brain.  Ho  said 
"the  reason  why  the  Scotch  were  so  intel- 
lectually aoate  and  active  moat  hu  attribu 
ted  to  the  useof  oatmeal  in  their  youth. 
(i, its  contain  more  phosphorus  than  any 
other  vegetable."  He  alio  recommended 
eggs  as  excellent  food  for  teachers,  in  or- 
der to  inorease  1 1 1  •  •  i  r  inteUeotna]  oapaoi- 
But  tli«  mental  aoutenesa  and  gen- 
eral intellectual  strength  which  character- 
people  of  tho  above-named  coun- 
trv  cannot  be  due  to  the  phosphorus  of 
tleir  oatmeal,  which  is  their  common 
I  i^t  food,  for  it  so  happens  that  wheat 
contains  more  of  it  than  oats.  The  quan- 
tity of  Bolable  phosphates  in  wheat,  ac- 
cording to  Professor  Johnston — himself  a 

111  -is  more   than   one   per   cent. 

than  in  oats.  In  his  work  on  Ag- 
ricultural Chemistry,  pages  503  and  510, 
the  composition  of  wheat  and  oats  is  given 
in  tallies. 

Oatmeal  is,  nodoubt,  very  exeollont  food 
for  man  and  beast,  and  so  is  Indian  corn- 
meal,  but  neither  of  them  will  confer  in- 
tellectual acuteness  upon  any  man.  Dull 
teachers  or  dull  men  cannot  bo  made  phi- 
losophers either  by  the  nseof  eggs  or  oats. 
We  must  look  to  souio  other  cause  than 
oatmeal  for  the  motaphysical  mind  of  the 
North  Britons.  That  cause  is,  no  doubt, 
to  be  found  in  their  education.  Common 
schools  have  been  in  existence  in  that 
country  for  two  centuries,  and  the  strict 
family  training  of  children  by  catechisms 
being  similar  to  that  which  uso  to  prevail 
in  New  England,  and  various  other  parts 
of  our  country.  The  Welsh,  the  Norwe- 
gians and  Irish  uso  oatmeal  extensive  for 
food.— Sci.  Am. 


Japanese  Tea. 

A  Japanese  handbill,   which   we    have 
found  in  a  package  of  tea,  from  Hewi 
Richards,  re  ids  thus: 

"  They  are  both  kinds;  Yeesay  and  Sang- 
ing;  it  is  the  name  of  the  mountain;  there 
very  much  foggy  cover  the  top  of 
the  mountain  to  the  foot  are  con- 
stantly. There  quality  are  superior  and 
genuine.  Any  person  who  was  feeling  in- 
disposed may  try  take  a  cup  of  it  in  a  few 
morning. and  will  feel  mueh  better  and  good 
spirit.  With  expressly  packed  far  Impe- 
rial,    By  1'ooiiing  &  Co.,  Yokohama." 

This  handbill  is  evidently  written  by  a 
Japanese  and  it  gives  us  an  idea  of  Japan- 
ese progress  in  learning  our  language. 
Evidontly  the  scholar  has  confidence  that 
ho  can  make  himself  understood,  and  in 
this  he  is  not  mistaken.  We  learn  some- 
thing from  it  that  may  be  useful  to  us. 
This  tea  is  presented  as  a  superfine  article, 
and  its  superiority  is  attributed  to  tho 
foggy  mountain-side  on  which  the  tea 
plants  aro  grown.  This  suggests  that  our 
coast  range  elovations  may  bo  adapted  to 
tea  culture. 

California  experience  in  toa  planting  has 
been  80  interrupted  by  untoward  circum- 
stances, that  a  fair  trial  has  not  been  made. 
All  we  have  proved  is  that  the  plant  will 
thrivo  if  it  arrives  here  in  good  condition 
— better  one  year  old  than  more;  and  that 
it  must  be  irrigated  in  summer.  Tho  seed 
will  also  germinate,  and  it  is  preferable  to 
transplanting.  But  the  tea  nut  is  very  oily. 
The  oil  even  gets  rancid  and  the  nut  is 
useless.  Be  sure,  therefore,  of  your  seed 
before  you  plant  it.  We  are  not  certain 
that  palatable  tea  can  be  made  here. 
Change  of  climate  often  changes  proper- 
ties. Herr  Schuell's  samples  from  El  Do- 
rado tea  plants  were  not  decisive  on  that 
point. — Alta. 


QOOD    He\lTH' 


Poisonous  Exhalations. 

Poisonous  exhalations  from  drains  aro  a 
far  greater  source  of  mortality  than  is  gener- 
ally supposed.  Prince  Albert,  con 
Queen  Victoria,  no  doubt  came  to  his  end 
from  such  a  cause,  and  the  heir  "apparent" 
has  just  boon  snatched  from  tho  jaws  of 
death,  to  wliieh  extremity  he  was  uteloiibt- 
less  reduced  by  breathing  the  exhalations 
from  a  defective  drain.  If  all  the  guards 
that  are  usually  thrown  about  royalty,  tail 

are  immunity  from  sueh  exposure, 
what  aro  we  to  expect  in  humble  life, 
when,  from  necessity  exposure  is  often 
knowingly  submitted  to.  Only  two  or  three 
weeks  since  the  English  mail  informed  us 
that  a  largo  number  of  operatives  in  a  fac- 
tory in  Preston,  England,  became  sudden- 
ly ill.  and  had  to  cease  work.  Several 
had  already  died,  and  others  were  not  ex- 
pectod  to  rocover.  An  examination  showed 
that  they  had  been  working  over  a  defect- 
ive drain.  No  doubt  the  list  of  mortality 
is  largely  swelled  by  such  cause,  operating 
in  unknown  ways  and  quarters  in  every 
large  city  in  the  world,  to  say  nothing  of 
less  populous  neighborhoods.  It  is  time 
that  the  public  was  taught  to  have  more 
regard  to  such  dangerous  exposures  in  less 
populous  neighborhoods.  It  is  timo  that 
the  public  wasbotter  informed  with  regard 
to  the  danger  from  such  exposures,  and 
that  more  attention  was  paid  to  the  drain- 
age system  of  our  cities  and  houses  by 
those  have  who  immediate  official  authority 
in  such  matters.  Defective  drainage  and 
impure  milk,  lead  to  more  deaths  than  any 
other  ten  or  a  dozen  cause3  combined. 


Patent  Lunacy. 

The  Railroad  Guide,  in  a  very  sensible 
article  says:  There  is  no  more  melancholy 
sight  than  a  man  afflicted  with  this  mania 
— which  in  many  of  its  aspects  closely  re- 
sembles the  passion  for  gambling — who  is 
poor  and  dependent  upon  his  daily  exer- 
ttons  for  the  support  of  himself  and  fam- 
ily. He  has  constantly  before  him  the 
vision  of  affluence,  and  with  it  the  pangs 
of  poverty.  Experience  teaches  often  in 
vain,  and  one  failure  only  seems  to  gild 
the  brighter  the  next  vagary  of  invention. 
We  know  of  men  who  for  years  have  spent 
all  the  time  and  money  they  could  control 
to  develop  and  bring  into  use  inventions 
which  it  was  quite  easy  to  demonstrate 
would  be  practically  useless.  These  same 
men,  if  remonstrated  with  for  thus  follow- 
ing a  constantly  losing  career,  are  always 
ready  to  justify  themselves  by  citing  the 
great  inventors  whose  beginning  were 
equally  discouraging  and  whose  ultimate 
success  was  nevertheless  most  brilliant. 
Alas!  if  those  who  reason  thus  would  only 
study,  among  other  things,  logic,  so  that 
they  might  see  that  because  some  invent- 
ors were  in  the  beginning  poor  and  had  a 
hard  time  generally,  but  succeeded  in  the 
end,  it  does  not  therefore  follow  that  ail 
who  exercise  the  inventive  faculties  in  the 
midst  of  penury  will  emerge  ultimately 
into  success  and  affluence. 


Immunity  of  the  Pig  Fkom  Injury  by 
Serpent  Bites. — The  impression  is  gener- 
ally prevalent  in  the  United  States  that 
tho  common  domestic  pig  is  an  especial 
enemy  of  all  kinds  of  serpents,  and  that  it 
is  capable  of  receiving  the  bite  of  the  rat- 
tlesnake and  copper-head  without  the 
slightest  personal  inconvenience  or  injury. 
This  some  immunity  from  harm  would 
seem  to  exist  in  other  countries,  as  a  late 
writer  in  the  London  Field  remarks  upon 
the  fondness  of  the  pigs  in  India  for  the 
cobra  de  capello,  and  states  that  he  has  re- 
peatedly seen  them  in  conflict,  and  has  ob- 
served the  pig  to  be  bitten  over  and  over 
again  in  the  snout  and  about  the  face  by 
the  writhing  reptile,  and  in  no  instance 
with  the  slightest  ill  results  to  the  aggres- 
sor. 


Blue  Glass  for  Greenhouses. — We 
find  that  Robert  Buist,  Sr. ,  indorses  the 
use  of  blue  glass  in  greenhouses  and  other 
structures  for  forcing  plants,  etc.  In  a 
communication  to  Tilton's  Journal  of  Hor- 
ticulture he  says: 

I  applied  a  coating  of  rrussian-blue 
paint,  six  inches  wide,  up  the  center  of 
each  row  of  panes;  the  result  was  electric, 
and  in  a  few  days  the  plants  assumed  their 
beautiful  green  color,  and  the  trusses  of 
bloom  came  to  maturity.  The  greenhouse 
had  been  used  to  grow  geraniums  for  bed- 
ding purposes,  but  they  had  lost  their  col- 
or every  year  about  the  first  of  April .  The 
plants  were  completely  rejuvenated  by  the 
blue  glass. 


Colored  Candle  Light. — Wax  candles 
are  made  of  different  colors,  but  they  all 
emit  a  white  light.  Why  may  not  candles 
be  manufactured,  by  introducing  certain 
chemicals  into  the  material  from  which 
they  are   made,  so  as  to  show  a  variety  of 


The  Mysteries  of  a  Hair  Brush. — A 
writer  in  the   American  Journal  of  Micro- 

scop,,  has  been   exploring  the   forests  of   ^      auch  as  b]       red  etc ,  -  B 

bristles  in  a  hair  brush  surreptitiously  |  arran^ng  suoh  candle8  in  tasteful  gx0nvi, 
purloined  from  a  lady  s  toilet  stand,  and  beautffuf  effects  may  be  produced  in  illum- 
though  it  contained  nothing  which  we  are  inatin  buildings/  j/  aom6  ingenious 
accustomed  to  regard  with  unqualified  ,  chemi^t  wiu  devi96  a  wav  of  embracing  a 
horror,  the   results   of  his   investigations  |  ch  hemioal  with  an  '  of  the   material 

prove   that  there   are  mysteries  ordinary  |  u3ed1fol,  iiiuminat,ing  candleS  so  as  to  ren- 


undreamed  of  in  simple  appliances  of  the 
toilet.  There  are  concealed  in  the  damp 
lint  of  hair  brushes,  unless  kept  olean  by 
the  use  of  bicarbonate  of  potassa  or  car- 
bonate of  soda,  many  living  things,  too 
small  for  detection  by  the  naked  eye, 
some  of  which,  we  are  told,  are  of  more 
than  suspicious  character,  being  known  as 
the  originators  of  scaldhead  and  other 
diseases  of  the  scalp.  The  author  con- 
cludes his  article  by  a  caution  against  wet- 
ting the  head,  recommending  dry  brush- 
ing instead.  He  also  recommends  the  use 
of  a  weak  solution  of  carbonic  acid  or  sul- 
phate of  soda  as  a  cleaning  material  for 
hair  brushes. 


The    telegraph,     cable     from    Java 
Australia  has  been  Buccesfully  laid. 


to 


der  tho  light  emitted  from  them  of  any  de- 
sired color,  he  will  make  a  fortune  by  his 
discovery.  —  Commercial  Bulletin. 


Guinea  Gold.  —  The  French  Journal 
Official  says  that  gold  production  is  rap- 
idly increasing  in  the  French  colony  of 
Guiana,  of  South  America.  The  annual 
product  has  enlarged  from  25,974  francs 
in  185G  to  1,685,643  francs  in  1871.  The 
product  between  1856  and  1869  amounted 
to  over  ten  million  of  francs.  Gold  min- 
ing industry  in  Guiana  pays  an  annual  tax 
of  about  twenty  cents  per  acre,  and  an  ex- 
port duty  of  four  per  cent,  upon  bullion. 
The  industry  promises  to  attract  to  these 
tropical  regions  a  numerous  and  energetic 
population. 


The  Cause  of  Whooping-Sough. 

The  germ-theory  of  disease,  which  some 
pathologists  seek  to  extend  so  widely,  has 
been  applied  by  Dr.  Letzerich  to  explain 
the  extremely  infectious  disease,  whoop- 
ing-cough. He  thinks  he'has  discovered 
a  form  of  fungoid  growth  which  vegetates 
in  the  air-passages,  and  by  its  irritation 
causes  the  convulsive  attacks  of  coughing. 
The  expectorated  mucous  in  patients  suffer- 
ing from  this  disease  is  said  to  contain 
masses  of  brownish  red  spores  with  occa- 
sional threads  of  mycelium,  which  in  later 
stages  of  the  disease  become  very  abund- 
ant. The  spores  aro  colored  blue  by 
iodine  and  sulphuric  acid.  These  obser- 
vations were  controlled  first  by  cultivation 
of  the  spores  on  pieces  of  bread  soaked  in 
milk,  and  further,  by  introducing  masses 
of  the  fungous  growth  thus  obtained  into 
the  trachea,  of  young  rabbits.  This  was 
effected  by  tracheotomy,  but  the  animals 
rapidly  recovered  from  the  effects  of  the 
operation,  and  in  a  short  time  became  af- 
fected with  a  cough  of  a  very  violent  and 
noisy  character;  in  fact,  a  genuine  whoop- 
ing-cough. The  rabbits  thus  effected  were 
killed,  and  their  air-passages  and  lungs 
found  to  contain  an  enormous  quantity  of 
the  same  fungous  as  that  met  with  in  the 
sputa  from  human  whooping-cough;  and, 
in  fact,  the  mucous  expectorated  by  the 
rabbits  showed  precisely  the  same  appear- 
ance.— Miscroscopical  Science. 

Care  of  the  Feet. — Concerning  this 
subject  the  Scientific  American  very  truly 
says:  "Many  are  careless  in  the  keeping 
of  the  feet.  If  they  wash  them  once  a 
week  they  think  they  are  doing  well  They 
do  not  consider  that  the  largest  pores  are 
located  in  the  bottom  of  the  foot,  and  that 
the  most  offensive  matter  is  discharged 
through  the  pores.  They  wear  stockings 
from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  week 
without  change,  which  become  perfectly 
saturated  with  offensive  m.atter.  Ill  health 
is  generated  by  such  treatment  of  the  feet. 
The  pores  are  not  repellants  but  absorb- 
ents, and  this  fetid  matter,  to  a  greater  or 
less  extent,  is  taken  back  into  the  system. 

The  feet  should  be  washed  every  day 
with  pure  water  only,  as  well  as  tho  arm- 
pits, from  which  an  offensive  odor  is  also 
emitted,  unless  daily  ablution  is  practiced. 
Stockings  should  not  be  worn  more  than 
a  day  or  two  at  a  time.  They  may  be 
worn  one  day,  and  then  aired  and  sunned 
and  worn  another  day,  if  necessary. 

Ammonia  as  a  Cure  for  Snake  Bites. — 
As  many  as  8,000  persons  die  annually,  in 
British  India  andBurmah,  from  the  effects 
of  snake  bites.  The  Inspector  of  Police 
to  the  Bengal  Government  now  reports 
that  of  939  cases,  in  which  ammonia  was 
freely  administered,  702  victims  have  re- 
covered, and  in  the  cured  instances,  the 
remedy  was  not  administered  till  about 
3%  hours  after  the  attack,  on  the  average. 
In  the  fatal  cases,  the  corresponding  du- 
ration of  time  was  i)i  hours. 


Physical  Development. 

T.  W.  Higginson  has  taken  pains  to 
compare  the  vital  statistics  of  several  gen- 
erations of  two  old  New  England  families, 
and  he  tiuds  to  the  dismay  of  those  who 
mourn  the  physical  degeneracy  of  woman 
since  the  days  of  our  great  grandmothers 
that  the  stock  has  improved,  if  anything. 
He  adds: 

No  ninn  of  middle  age  can  look  at  a  class 
of  students  f rom  our  older  colleges  with- 
out seeing  them  to  be  physically  superior 
to  the  same  number  of  college  boys  taken 
twenty-five  years  ago.  The  organization 
of  the  girls  being  far  more  delicate  and 
complicated,  the  same  reform  reaches  them 
less  promptly,  but  it  reaches  them  at  last. 
The  little  girls  of  the  present  day  eat  bet- 
ter fo.al,  wear  more  healthful  clothing  and 
breath  more  fresh  air  than  their  mothers 
did.  Tho  introduction  of  India-rubber 
boots  and  water  proof  cloaks  alone  has 
given  a  fresh  lease  of  life  to  multitudes  of 
women  who  otherwise  would  have  been 
kept  housed  whenever  it  eo  much  as 
sprinkled.  It  is  desirable,  certainly,  to 
venerate  our  grandmothers  but  I  am  in- 
clined to  think  on  tho  whole  that  their 
great-granddaughters  will  be  the  best. 

Big  Sunday  Dinners. — A  Sunday's  din- 
ner is  made  the  most  sumptuous  meal  of 
the  week  in  a  great  many  households,  and 
the  guests  retire  from  the  table  more  liko 
gorged  anacondas  than  intellectual  human 
beings,  with  the  result  that  during  the 
whole  afternoon  there  is  such  an  amount 
of  mental,  physical  and  religious  sleepi- 
ness, if  not  actual  stupidity,  that  no  du- 
ties whatever  are  performed  with  alacrity, 
efficiency,  and  acceptableness  The  Sun- 
day dinner  made  of  a  cup  of  hot  tea,  some 
bread  and  butter,  with  a  slice  of  cold 
meat,  and  absolutely  nothing  else,  would 
be  wiser  and  better  for  all;  it  would  give 
the  servants  more  leisure  ;  the  appetite 
would  be  as  completely  satisfied  half  an 
afterward,  while  body,  brain  and  heart 
would  be  in  a  fitting  condition  to  perform 
the  duties  of  the  Sabbath  with  pleasure  to 
ourselves,  with  greater  efficiency  to  others, 
and  doubtless  with  larger  acceptance  to 
him  toward  whom  all  our  service  is  due. — 
Hall's  Journal  of  Health. 

Exposed  Arms. —A  very  distinguished 
Paris  physician  says:  "I  believe  that,  dur- 
ing the  twenty  years  I  have  practised  my 
profession,  twenty  thousand  children  have 
been  carried  to  the  cemeteries,  a  sacrifice 
to  the  absurd  custom  of  exposing  their 
arms.  Put  the  bulb  of  a  thermometer  into 
a  baby's  mouth  and  the  mercury  rises  to 
ninety  degrees.  Now  carry  the  same  to  its 
little  hand;  if  the  arm  be  bare  and  even 
cool,  the  mercury  will  sink  to  fifty  degrees. 
Of  course,  all  the  blood  that  flows  through 
these  arms  must  fall  from  ten  to  forty  de- 
grees below  the  temperature  of  the  heart. 
Need  I  say,  when  these  currents  of  the 
blood  flow  back  to  the  chest,  the  child's 
vitality  must  be  more  or  less  compromised? 
And  need  I  add  that  we  ought  not  to  be 
surprised  at  the  frequently  recurring  af- 
fections of  the  tongue,  throat,  or  stomach? 
I  have  seen  more  than  one  child,  with  ha- 
bitual cough  or  hoarseness,  entirely  re- 
lieved by  simply  keeping  the  hands  and 
arms  warm." 


Singular  Death. — Mr.  E.  ('.  Chambers, 
the  Park  street  station  agent  of  the  Med- 
forth  branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  rail- 
road, met  with  his  death  in  a  very  singu- 
lar way,  some  days  since.  His  little 
daughter  was  sick  with  the  diptheria,  and 
he  put  his  hand  on  her  mouth  for  some 
purpose  or  other,  and  the  child  seized 
upon  his  hand  and  bit  it.  The  marks  of 
the  teeth  were  very  slight,  comparatively, 
but  the  skin  was  broken  slightly,  and  the 
poison  from  the  teeth  was  transmitted 
through  Mr.  Chambers'  system,  and  after 
a  week's  illness,  during  which  his  body 
became  much  swollen,  he  died. 

The  prospects  of  medical  education  for 
women  are  brightening.  The  medical  fac  • 
ulty  of  Moscow,  Russia,  it  is  stated,  have 
not  only  decided  that  the  privilege  of  ac- 
quiring a  thorough  medical  knowledge 
would  be  of  utility  to  women,  but  have 
"resolved  to  admit  them  to  the  educational 
courses  and  lectures  of  the  University,  and 
to  the  privilege  of  following  all  the  labors 
of  the  Medico  Chirurgical  Academy." 

Cundurango  has  had  a  fair  trial  at 
Bellevue  Hospital,  New  York,  and  has 
proved  a  failure. 

Cure  for  Diptheria. — A  simple  treat- 
ment of  diptheria  may  be  found  in  the  use 
of  lemon  juice.  Gargle  the  throat  freely 
with  it,  at  the  same  time  swallowing  a  por- 
tion, so  as  to  reach  all  the  affected  parts. 


184 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  23,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editoe. 

DEWEY  «fe  CO.,  FubllsJiers. 

A.  T.  DEWEY,  GEO.  H.  STRONG, 

W.  E.  EWER,  *N°-  L-  BOONE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising  Rates. — lweek.  lmontk.   3  months,   lyear. 

Perline 25  .80  S2-00         S5.00 

One-half  inch S1.00       S3  00  1.60        20.00 

One  inch 2.00         5.00  14.00         38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

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names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5.  in  advance, 
will  payfor  lii  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3s. ;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion, la. :  subsequent  insertions,  eaoh,  od.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 


San  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Mar.  23,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 

San  Fbancisco,  Wednesday,  March  20,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying  91)3;  selling,  92.  Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  109  %. 

Table  of  Contents. 


Editorialb. — The  Mining  Incorporation  Bill;  State  Ge- 
ological Survey,  177.  Increase  of  Taxation;  Guano, 
18^.  Notices  of  Recent  Patents;  Arizona  Affairs;  Re- 
cent Publications,  186. 

Illustrations..— Pelton's  Improved  Horse-Power,  177. 
1  he  Badger,  182.  Table  Mountain,  184.  Residenceof 
Col.  Black,  Bozeman,  Montana,  185. 

Correspondence.— Notes  of  Travel  in  Tuba  and  Ne- 
vada Counties;  Mines  at  Phillipsburg,  Montana,  178; 
"Wastage  of  the  Precious  Metals— Concluded,  182. 

Mining  Summary.— .Reports  from  Mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Markets. 
Etc.,  180-1. 

Mechanical  Progress.— New  Mode  of  Transmitting 
Rotary  Motion  at  Angles;  Utilizing  the  Rivers  of 
France;  Improved  Axle-boxes;  Diamond  Toothed 
Saw;  Improved  Iron  Rails;  Effective  Work  of  Steam 
Engines,  179. 

Scientific  Progress.— New  Method  of  Nickel  Plating; 
Phosphorescence  of  Animals;  Primordial  Fauna  in 
Nevada;  Agricultural  Resources  of  the  Great  Basin; 
Masses  of  Meteoric  Iron.  179. 

Useful  Information.— Oatmeal  and  the  Intellect;  Pat- 
ent Lunacy;  The  Mysteries  of  a  Hair  Brush;  Japanese 
Tea;  Blue  Glass  for  Greenhouses;  Colored  Candle 
Light;  Guinea  Gold,  183. 

Good  Health.  —Poisonous  Exhalations;  The  Cause  of 
Wh  'oping  Cough;  Care  of  the  Feet:  Physical  Devel- 
opment; Big  Sunday  Dinners;  Exposed  Arms;  Sin- 
gular Death,  183. 

Domestic  Eoonomy.— Hints  to  Poor  Housekeepers;  A 
Good  Way  to  Cook  Meat;  Cleaning  Soiled  Marble  Slabs; 
Canary  Birds;  To  Clean  Lamp  Chimneys;  Substitute 
for  Bed  Blankets;  Why  Some  are  Poor;  Potash  vs.  Rats. 
Mechanical  Hints  -A  New  Metal:  To  Make  Varnish 
that  will  Imitate  Ground  Glass;  Brittleness  of  Drawn 
Wire;  Impurities  of  Gold,  187. 

Miscellaneous. -Progress  of  Silver  Mining  in  Mon- 
tana; Fnrma;  A  Rival  to  Tea  and  Coffee;  Iron  Paper; 
Fencing,  178.  Lighting  Streets;  American  Wonders; 
Iron;  The  Wing  of   the  Locust.  182. 


Volcanic  Specimens. — Among  the  late 
additions  to  the  cabinet  of  Mr.  H.  G. 
Hanks,  No.  649  Clay  street, is  a  ease  of  lavas, 
etc.,  from  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  from 
other  volcanic  regions.  The  specimens 
comprise  stalactites  and  stalagmites  from 
the  eave  of  Kilauea,  sulphur  crystals,  lava 
with  sulphur  coating,  and  with  gypsum 
coating,  Peles  hair,  pumice,  red  and  black 
scoriae,  etc.  The  speoimens  from  the 
Sandwich  Islands  were  recently  sent  here. 
The  volcano  from  which  they  came,  Kil- 
auea, on  the  Mauna  Loa  mountain,  is  the 
largest  in  the  world,  being  9  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, and  6,000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Giant  Powder  Strikes. — The  "strikes" 
occasioned  by  the  use  of  Giant  powder  in 
the  Grass  Valley  mines  have  come  to  an 
end.  A  meeting  of  the  Miners'  Union 
was  held  on  the  15th  inst. ,  and  after  some 
discussion  on  the  subject  the  following 
resolution  which  appears  in  the  Union, 
was  passed: 

The  Miners'  Union  at  an  adjourned 
meeting  held  last  evening,  resolved  that  it 
no  longer  obliges  its  members  to  avoid  the 
use  of  Giant  powder." 

W.  E.  Keed,  President. 

Wastage  of  the  Precious  Metals. — Mr. 
Paul  requests  us  to  state  that  if  any  of 
our  subscribers  desire  the  article  on  the 
above  subject  in  pamphlet  form,  that  they 
may  have  the  same,  free  of  expense,  by 
forwarding  address  to  A.  B.  Paul,  318 
California  street,  in  this  city. 

Fossil  remains  of  great  size  have  been 
found  on  Wagner  Creek,  Wagner  County, 
Oregon. 


Increase  of  Taxation. 

The  question  of  taxation  has  become  one 
of  serious  import,  and  notwithstanding  our 
plain  and  supposed  economical  habits, 
there  is  no  country  where  this  burthen  is 
making  greater  inroads  upon  the  general 
industry  and  earnings  of  the  people  than 
in  these  United  States.  In  1860  our  Na- 
tional expenses,  including  interest  on  the 
public  debt,  were  confined  within  the  lim- 
its of  $75,000,000.  In  1871  they  had  ad- 
vanced to  $186,000,000,  exclusive  of  all 
moneys  paid  out  on  account  of  national 
debt  and  interest.  Including  the  latter 
class  of  payments,  the  total  footed  up 
$411,000,000— or  $10.42  to  each  man  wo- 
man and  child  in  the  Union.  It  will  be 
seen  from  the  above,  that  the  ordinary  ex- 
penses of  the  general  government  increased 
148  per  cent,  in  eleven  years. 

Contrasted  with  Great  Britain. 

The  expenses  of  the  English  Government 
for  1851,  including  the  interest  on  her  im- 
mense national  debt,  were,  in  round  num- 
bers, $273,000,000.  During  the  next  two 
decades  they  had  increased  to  $348,000,000 
— or  only  27  per  cent,  in  20  years,  against 
148  per  cent,  by  the  U.  S.  government  in 
11  years.  The  percentage  of  increase 
noted  in  the  expenses  of  the  U.  S.  govern- 
ment is  exclusive  of  payment  on  both  in- 
terest and  principal  of  our  war  debt;  while 
the  percentage  of  increase  in  the  expenses 
of  the  English  government  includes  the 
added  cost  of  interest  on  the  debt  created 
by  the  Crimean  war.  The  per  capita  ex- 
penses of  the  English  government  is 
$11.60;  but  when  it  is  borne  in  mind  that 
a  large  portion  of  this  expense  is  em- 
ployed in  keeping  up  and  protecting  her 
immense  colonial  possessions,  the  popula- 
of  which  is  not  taken  into  account,  but 
from  which  both  the  government  and  peo- 
ple receive  indirect  benefit,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  per  capita  tax  bears  no  proportion 
to  the  magnitude  of  that  of  the  United 
States. 

The  local  taxation  of  England  and  Wales 
for  1868— corresponding  to  our  State  and 
county  taxes — including  the  poor  rates, 
was  $83,916,000,  or  $3.87  per  capita,  against 
$10  to  $15  for  the  local  taxation  in  several 
of  the  States  of  the  Confederated   United 

States. 

State  Taxes. 

The  State  taxes  for  New  York  increased 
three  fold  during  the  decade  from  1850  to 
1860;  and  from  $18,000,000  to  $50,000,000 
during  the  last  decade.  Massachusetts, 
which  paid  $7,600,000  of  taxes  in  1861, 
raised  $21,900,000  in  1869— an  increase  of 
nearly  300  per  cent,  in  about  eight  years, 
and  a  per  capita  of  about  $15.60.  Of 
course  our  state  taxes  have  been  very 
much  increased  since  the  war,  in  conse- 
quence of  annuities  paid  to  disabled  sol- 
diers and  for  other  extraordinary  purposes 
growing  out  of  the  war  of  rebellion.  They 
are  moreover  largely  increased  for  school 
purposes,  an  item  which  does  not  enter  into 
the  element  of  English  taxation.  But 
still  the  facts  of  the  terrible  and  increas- 
ing burthen  of  taxation  remains  to  hinder 
our  industry  and  general  national  pros- 
perity. The  increase  of  local  taxation 
was  generally  about  as  great  for  the  de- 
cade preceding  the  war  as  for  the  last  de- 
cade, and  is  altogether  out  of  proportion  to 
the  increase  of  population. 

Municipal    Taxation. 

We  give  below  the  per  capita  rate  of 
taxation  for  tha  cities  mentioned; 

Boston,    per     capita $36.10 

New  York    "        "    29.54 

Chicago        "        "    21.65 

London,  including  poorrates 5.85 

Montreal,       "  "        "     5.23 

In  the  cities  of  London  and  Montreal, 
there  is  ,of  course  no  tax  for  education, 
which  in  those  cities  is  made  an  individual 
expense.  If  this  tax  was  added  to  the  rates 
of  those  cities  it  would  increase  them 
about  $3.00,  or  $8.S5  and  $8.23  re- 
spectively. . 

There  are  many  other  things  besides  the 
mere  detail   of  dollars   and   cents    in   our 


system  of  taxation  io  which  attention  is 
being  drawn.  The  conditions,  irregulari- 
ties and  absurdities  which  characterize 
the  various  systems  adopted  by  the  differ- 
ent States  and  the  United  States  for  raising 
revenues,  are  utterly  surprising  and  incon- 
sistent with  the  reputation  which  the  Ameri- 
can people  sustain  for  general  intelligence 
and  practical  character.  This  matter  is 
now  being  prominently  placed  before  the 
country  by  a  board  of  commissioners,  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  of  the  State  of 
New  Yolk,  under  authority  of  the  Legis- 
lature. Their  report  has  already  been  pub- 
lished, and  the  year  has  produced  few 
public  documents  of  half  its  importance 
or  general  interest,  or  one  which  has  more 
astonished  the  reading  and  reflecting  peo- 
ple throughout  the  commercial  centers  of 
our  Atlantic  sea  coast.  So  much  general 
interest  has  attached  to  the  document 
that,  as  we  have  seen  it  stated,  the  Harper 
Brothers  of  New  York  have  proposed  a 
special  edition  of  the  report  for  extended 
circulation. 


Table  Mountain. 

The  Table  Mountain  of  Tuolumne  County 
is  a  flow  of  basaltic  lava  extending  for  a  dis- 
tance of  nearly  forty  miles  in  a  northeast 
and  southwest  direction  from  Murphy's, 
Calaveras  County,  to  the  foothills  of  the 
Sierra  Nevadas  on  the  borders  of  the  San 
Joaquin  valley,  near  Knights'  Ferry,  Stan- 
islaus County.  The  greater  portion  of 
this  remarkable  landmark  is  situated 
within  the  limits  of  Tuolumne  County. 
The  mass  of    lava  of  which  it  is  com- 


posed, naturally  found  a  depression  in 
which  to  flow  and  in  doing  so  covered  up 
the  ancient  river  where  the  auriferous 
gravel  is  found.  The  denudation  and 
erosion  of  the  surrounding  country  has 
otally  changed  and  reversed  its  topogra- 
phy. The  former  banks  of  the  river  have 
been  washed  away,  leaving  the  lava  stream 
standing  in  the  position  it  occupied  dur- 
ing the  flow — its  hight  above  the  mod- 
ern stream,  the  Stanislaus,  being  nearly 
2,000  feet.  When  the  existence  of  this 
river  bed  became  known,  the  miners 
immediately  went  to  work  by  tunnels, 
shafts  and  inclines  and  have  been  ever 
since  extracting  the  precious  metals  from 
the  gravel  which  lies  under  the  deep  de- 
posit of  lava.  The  Geological  Survey  have 
given  a  detailed  description  of  the  peculiar 
character  of  this  mountain,  which  is  very 
interesting  as  one  of  the  striking  features 
of  the  topography  and  geology  of  the  State 
and  also  as  showing  the  surprising 
changes  which  have  taken  place  there, 
caused  by  volcanic  overflows  and  remodel- 
ling of  the  surface  of  the  country.  The 
tendency  of  the  channel  has  been  to  work 
to  the  east.  May  not  this  account  for  the 
existence  of  the  rich  placers  on  the  lime- 
stone belt,  on  which  are  situated  the 
towns  of  Jamestown,  Sonora  and  Colum- 
bia. 

Mr.  W,  A.  Skidmore  during  a  recent 
trip  through  our  State  collecting  material 
for  the  Mining  Commissioners'  Keport, 
took  barometrical  observations  of  the 
altitudes  of  several  points,  which  may 
be  interesting  to  our  readers.  An 
observation  taken  on  Main  street  in  Cop- 
peropolis,  Calaveras  Co.,  establishes  the 
elevation  at  998  feet  above  sea  level. 
Chinese  Camp,  Tuolumne  Co.,  1,290  feet; 
Jamestown,  same  county,  1,382  feet;  So- 
nora, 1,720  feet;  Shaw's  Flat,  2,148  feet; 


Columbia  (estimated)  2,200;  Summit  of 
Quartz  Mt.,  Tuolumne  Co.,  1,624. 

The  observations  taken  at  Table  Mt. , 
near  Jamestown,  Tuolumne  Co.,  are  par- 
ticularly interesting,  for  by  the  accom- 
panying diagram  it  will  be  observed  that 
the  rim  rock  of  the  ancient  river  is  33  feet 
higher  on  the  west  side   than  on  the  east. 

The  observation  taken  at  A  was  made  at 
the  hoisting  works  of  the  Table  Mountain 
Co.'s  claim,  on  the  eastern  side  of  Table 
Mt.  (formerly  known  as  the  "  Humbug  " 
claim)  87  feet  above  the  rim  rock  of  the 
ancient  river,  covered  by  the  lava  flow 
known  as  Table  Mt.:  elevation  1,680  feet. 

Observation  B  was  made  at  the  hoisting 
works  of  Hughes'  mine,  on  the  west  side  of 
the  mountain  (formerly  known  as  the  Maine 
Boys'  Tunnel)  110  feet  above  the  rim  rock 
of  the  ancient  channel :  elevation,  1,736 
feet.  This  claim  is  next  adjoining  and 
south  of  the  Table  Mt.  Tunnel  Co.'s 
ground. 

Observation  C  was  taken  on  the  summit 
or  plane  of  Table  Mt.  and  at  a  point  equi- 
distant from  observations  A  and  B— eleva- 
tion 1,882  feet. 

The  above  diagram  of  a  cross  section 
of  Table  Mt.  is  a  representation  of  the 
stratification  at  this  point  :  a  is  the 
basaltic  lava  rising  in  precipitous  cliffs 
from  the  surrounding  country;  b  a  strata 
of  compacted  sand  nearly  hard  enough  to 
be  designated  as  sandstone  ;  underneath 
this  is  a  layer  of  gravel,  represented  by  c; 
and  o  shows  the  position  of  the  auriferous 
gravel. 

The  auriferous  gravel  is  extracted  by 
means  of  inclines  running  respectively 
from  A,  and  B,  to  the  bottom  of  the  chan- 
nel, a  distance  of  320  feet. 

At  the  bottom  of  the  inclines,  drifts 
are  run  up  and  down  stream  and  the  chan- 
nel '  'breasted"  for  a  width  of  from  30  to 
100  feet,  and  a  hight  of  4  to  6  feet;  the 
best  pay  lies  on  the  bottom.  There  are 
two  channels — so  called — underlying  the 
mountain,  the  most  easterly  being  the 
most  recent — geologically  speaking.  The 
gravel  at  present  taken  out  varies  in  yield 
from  $2.50  to  $5  per  car  load  of  16  cubic 
feet.  A  run  of  several  months  at  the  lat- 
ter figure  would,  however,  be  considered 
as  exceptionally  rich.  The  gravel  is  not 
cemented  and  is  more  readily  treated  than 
that  of  the  northern  counties.  The  method 
of  treatment  here  is  by  use  of  the  "Cox 
Pan."  One  of  these  pans  will  treat  40 
car  loads  per  day. 

Guano. — What  is  it  ?  It  is  only  until 
lately  that  any  question  has  arisen  as  to 
the  character  of  guano.  It  has  heretofore 
been  universally  supposed  to  be  the  ex- 
crement of  birds  and  the  remains  of  those 
which  have  died.  But  of  late  this  same 
substance  has  been  found  on  the  bottom  of 
the  ocean,  and  at  considerable  depths.  It 
has  also  been  found  under  circumstances 
which  tend  to  show  that  it  is  a  mineral. 
Following  up  this  hint,  Dr.  Habel  has 
been  studying  it  by  the  aid  of  the  micro- 
scope, and  finds  that  so  much  of  it  as  is 
insoluble  in  acids  consists  entirely  of  skel- 
etons of  diatomacro,  sponges,  etc.,  all  of 
which  are  universally  of  marine  origin, 
and  none  of  which,  in  their  present  form, 
could  ever  have  formed  from  or  in  the  ex- 
creta of  animals  of  any  kind.  Patches  of 
these  remains  have  been  found  exactly  as 
they  occur  in  Nature.  From  these  and 
other  facts  there  appears  to  be  but  little 
doubt  that  guano  is  an  accumulation  of 
the  bodies  of  animals  and  plants— not 
their  excretia — which,  either  by  heat,  by 
chemical  action,  or  both  combined,  has 
had  its  organic  matter  converted  into  bitu- 
men, while  the  mineral  constituents  have 
been  preserved  in  those  beautiful  forms 
which  make  up  the  infusorial  strata  in  var- 
ious parts  of  the  world. 

Bewarded. — The  Cresson  medal  of  the 
Franklin  Institute  has  been  awarded  to 
Mr.  B.  C.  Tilghman  for  his  discovery  of  the 
uses  of  the  sand  blast. 


March  23,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


185 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained 
through  Dewey  &,  Co's.  Scientific  Press 
American  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the 
following  aro  worthy  of  mention: 

Safety  Lamp. — Emil  Boesch,  San  Fran- 
cisco. This  improvement  rotates  to  that 
class  of  argand  humors  in  which  the  flame 
is  regulated  by  turning  the  outer  ooso  of 
the  burner,  and  it  consists  in  a  novel  ar- 
rangement for  regulating  the  flame  by 
turning  this  caso  without  raising  or  lower- 
ing the  chimney,  and  by  this  moans  the 
relative  position  of  the  chimney  and  the 
flamo  which  is  so  essential  to  excellence  in 
these  burners,  is  maintained  nnehanged. 
The  lamp  is  also  provided  with  one  or 
more  ducts  or  passages  cither  of  which 
may  be  used  for  conveying  the  gas  which 
may  be  formed  in  the  oil  holder,  to  the 
centra]  tube  which  feeds  air  to  the  flame, 
so  that  the  gas  and  air  will  be  mingled 
previous  to  their  coming  in  contact  with 
the  flame,  and  by  this  means  all  danger  of 
explosion  from  an  excess  of  gas  in  the  oil 
holder  will  be  averted. 

Dish  Washing  Machine.— Catharine 
Woodruff,  Antioch,  Cal.  This  invention 
relates  to  an  improved  machine  for  wash- 
ing dishes  and  consists  mainly  in  the  em- 
ployment of  wire  racks  for  supporting  the 
dishes  and  partitioned  baskets  of  the  same 
material  for  the  different  kinds  of  dishes. 
It  -also  consists  in  the  use  of  a  revolving 
agitator  which  throws  the  water  forcibly 
through  the  meshes  of  the  racks  and  bask- 
ets, thus  thoroughly  cleansing  the  dishes 
in  a  short  time. 

Grain  Thresher  and  Separator. — Jo- 
seph Esse,  Redwood  City,  Cal.  The  object 
of  this  invention  is  to  provide  an  improved 
arrangement  of  devices  for  more  thorough- 
ly threshing  and  cleansing  wheat  and  oth- 
er grains,  and  it  consists  in  the  use  of  two 
or  more  threshing  cylinders  and  their  con- 
caves in  succession.  It  also  relates  to  an 
improvement  in  the  straw-carrying  de- 
vices, and  finally  to  a  novel  shoe  and 
screens  for  cleansing  the  grains  after  it  is 
threshed. 


their  preparation  and  composition;  those 
most  used  in  the  arts;  those  of  iron  with 
copper,  zino,  tin  and  lead;  alloys  of  metals 
of  secondary  importance  in  the  arts,  of 
precious  metals;  of  metals  rarely  used  in 
the  arts;  bronzes  of  art;  alloys  for  coinage; 
for  pieces  of  ordnance,  arms,  projectiles, 
etc.;  for  rolling  and  wire  drawing;  for 
shipsheathings;  for  typo,  engraving  plates, 
etc.;  for  bells  and  musical  instruments; 
philosophical  and  optical  instruments;  for 
jewelry,  gold  and  silver  wares,  Brittauia 
wares,  etc. ;  white  alloys;  fusible  alloys; 
those  for  machinery,  anti-friction  metals, 
etc. ;  solder  and  miscellaneous  alloys.  The 
work  is  classified  under  different  heads  and 
will  be  found  a  useful  and  convenient  ref- 
erenoe  fox  ail  matters  concerning  the  sub- 
jects of  which  it  treats. 


Recent  Publications. 

We  have  received  from  Roman  &  Co.,  11 
Montgomery  street,  a  very  neatly  bound 
volume  of  "  Half-hours  with  Modern  Sci- 
entists," containinga  discourse  on  the  Phys- 
ical Basis  of  Life  by  Huxley;  the  Correla- 
tion of  Vital  and  Physical  Forces  by  Bark- 
er; as  regards  Protoplasm  —  Reply  to 
Huxley,  by  Stirling;  On  the  Hypothesis 
of  Evolution,  by  Cope,  and  Scientific  ad- 
dress, by  Prof.  Tyndall,  on  the  method 
and  tendencies  of  physical  investigation; 
On  Haze  and  Dust;  and  on  the  scientific 
use  of  the  imagination.  The  work  is  neatly 
printed  and  the  names  given  above  are  suf- 
ficient guarantee  that  the  contents  will  be 
interesting  to  all  who  have  a  taste  for  sci- 
entific investigation. 

A  little  volume  containing  two  sermons, 
by  President  Woolsey  of  Yale  College,  on 
"  Serving  our  Generation,  and  God's  Guid- 
ance in  Youth,"  eomes  with  the  compli- 
ments of  the  same  publishers,  as  does  also 
the  "  Elementary  Music  Reader,"  which 
consists  of  a  progressive  series  of  lessons 
■which  have  been  prepared  expressly  for 
use  in  the  public  schools  by  B.  Jepson, 
instructor  of  vocal  music  in  the  New  Ha- 
ven public  schools.  The  latter  work  is 
marked  Book  First  and.another  one  is  to 
come.  It  is  a  revised  series  containing  a 
number  of  songs  set  to  music  and  is  in- 
tended as  an  elementary  guide  to  the  study 
of  vocal  music. 

We  are  also  under  obligations  to  Henry 
Carey  Baird  the  Industrial  Publisher,  406 
Walnut  street,  Philadelphia,  for  a  copy  of 
"  Guettiers'  Metallic  Alloys."  It  is  a 
practical  guide  for  the  manufacture  of 
metallic  alloys;  comprising  their  chemical 
and  physical  properties  with  their  prepara- 
tion, composition  and  uses.  The  work  is 
translated  from  the  French  of  A  Guettier, 
engineer  and  director  of  foundries,  and  au- 
thor of  "  La  Fonderie  en  France,"  etc.,  by 
A.  A.  Fesquet,  chemist  and  engineer.  It 
contains  general  observations  on  the  met- 
als which  are  commonly  used  for  alloys; 
physical  and  chemical  properties  of  alloys ; 


Arizona   Affairs. 

The  pooplo  on  this  coast  have  been  nat- 
urally indignant  at  the  manner  in  which 
the  Government  has  aoted  with  regard  to 
Indian  affairs  in  Arizona,  and  desire  that 
some  definite  steps  be  taken  to  ensuro 
safety  for  the  lives  and  property  of  indi- 
viduals in  that  Territory  as  well  aB  in 
other  parts  of  the  United  States.  When 
General  Crook  went  there  he  immediately 
started  in  upon  a  plan  which  his  Indian- 
fighting  experience  suggested  and  one 
which  was  kindred  to  the  feelings  of  the 
people  ho  was  protecting.  His  plans  have 
been  frustrated,  however,  by  the  policy  of 
the  Government  in  sending  more  "Peace 
Commissioners  to  do  the  business  in  some 


Government  such  action  as  the  regulations 
indicate. 

If  proper  cognizance  is  taken  of  the  res- 
olutions by  the  authorities  at  Washington 
wo  may  at  last  hope  the  Indians  will  be 
made  to  sue  for  peace  and  that  they  will 
receive  a  wholesome  lesson  from  the  hands 
of  General  Crook,  that  they  will  be  likely 
to  remember.  Business  of  all  kinds  has 
been  retarded  long  enough  by  the  Apaches, 
and  it  jb  high  time  that  the  whites  had 
their  turn  in  dictating  terms  of  peace. 

Settlement    and   Development   of    the 
Gallatin  Valley.— Concluded. 

(By  our  Traveling  Correspondent.] 
Col.  Black  saw  that  tenement  accommoda- 
tions in  Bozeman  City  were  insufficient — im- 
mediate expansion  was  evidently  a  necessity 
of  the  town.  Other  local  capitalists  hesitated 
to  invest  in  buildings  while  they  could  get  3 
per  cent,  a  mouth  on  their  money  in  other 
channels— the  prevailing  interest  rate  in  East- 
ern Montana.  They  would  prefer  purchasing 
ground  and  letting  it  lie  unimproved  if  they 
could  not  loan  at  that  figure.  Thus  they  woidd 
take  from,  without  directly  adding  to  the  gen- 
eral wealth.  No  such  a  cramping,  strangling 
policy  as  this  found  countenance  from  Colonel 
Black.  Bozeman  needed  more  houses,  and  he 
at  once  bought  a  large  tract  of  land  lying  con- 
tiguous to  Main  street,  and  began  the  work  of 
building.  All  the  carpenters  in  the  country 
were  put  to  work,  and  the  sawmills  were  taxed 
totheirutmostcapacity.  Now, Black  street,  Boze- 


RESIDENCE    OF    COL.     BLACK,    BOZEMAN,     MONTANA. 


way,  so  that  some  official  may  make  a  lit- 
tle money  out  of  the  matter.  These  pro- 
ceedings are  obnoxious  to  the  people  of 
this  Coast  and  we  are  glad  to  see  that  the 
Legislature  of  California  has  taken  the 
matter  in  hand,  passed  a  series  of  resolu- 
tions and  sent  them  on  to  the  President. 

The  preamble  sets  forth  the  facts  that 
inhabitants  of  Arizona  are  now  and  have 
been  for  some  years  victims  to  the  out- 
rages of  the  Apaches,  and  that  hundreds  of 
them  including  women  and  children  have 
been  killed;  that  life  and  property  are  not 
safe  there,  and  that  the  nation  should  en- 
force protection  to  its  people  living  under 
its  own  flag  as  well  as  those  in  other  lands. 
One  clause  reads  thus: 

"That  for  the  murder  of  the  fewest  num- 
ber of  citizens  who  have  been  slain  by 
these  savages  in  Arizona  in  any  two  months 
during  the  last  two  years,  the  United 
States  Government  would  have  declared 
war  against  every  power  in  Europe,  had 
its  citizens  been  so  murdered  there  for 
want  of  proper  protection  from  European 
powers." 

General  Crook's  course  is  commended, 
and  it  is  believed  that  he  will  if  let  alone, 
in  a  short  time  give  security  to  the  people 
in  the  Territory.  The  resolutions  state 
that  all  attempts  to  treat  with  or  otherwise 
appease  the  Indians  will  be  futile  until 
they  are  made  to  feel  the  power  of  the 
Government;  that  the  protection  of  the 
citizens  can  in  no  way  be  so  promptly  and 
efficiently  extended  as  by  furnishing 
General  Crook  with  ample  means  and  large 
discretion  on  the  course  to  be  pursued 
towards  the  savages.  The  President  of 
the  United  States  is  urged  to  prevent  fur- 
ther interference  with  the  military  affairs 
of  General  Crook,  otherwise  than  by  aiding 
his  designs,  until  the  Indians  are  subdued. 
The  Senators  and  Representatives  from 
our  State  are  requested  to  urge  upon  the 


man,  is  one  of  the  finest  residence  avenues  of  the 
frontiers,  some  of  its  structures  being  of  a  char- 
acter that  would  be  creditable  to  any  city;  and 
it  gratifies  me  to  be  able  to  Bay,  every  finished 
house  is  occupied,  and  those  unfinished  are  all 
engaged.  Besides  these  improvements,  Col. 
Black  has  caused  the  erection  of  and  owns  some 
fine  buildings  on  Main  street.  His  own  resi- 
dence, represented  in  our  cut,  is  a  neat  and 
modest  little  cottage,  situated  on  the  street 
which  bears  his  name.  The  house  is  in  a  pleas- 
ant location,  and'back  of  it  is  the  warehouse 
where  goods  are  stored  for  distribution  to  the 
Indians  of  the  Yellowstone. 

The  enterprise  of  Col.  Black  is  not  confined 
to  Bozeman — it  embraces  the  whole  of  Eastern 
Montana.  In  the  Yellowstone  Valley — three 
years  ago  a  forbidden  region  to  white  men — he 
has  a  large  mercantile  house,  and  another  in 
the  Musselshell  Valley,  further  north.  And  he 
is  now  giving  his  attention  to  the  opening  of  a 
wagon  road  from  Bozeman  City  to  the  mouth 
of  the  latter  stream,  which  it  is  thought  will 
virtually  give  the  metropolis  of  Eastern  Mon- 
tana control  of  the  navigation  of  the  Upper 
Missouri. 

Fort  Ellis. 

Another  powerful  influence  in  inducing 
settlement  and  development  in  the  Gallatin 
Valley  was  the  establishment,  in  the  fall  of 
1867,  of  the  military  garrison  of  Fort  Ellis, 
at  the  mouth  of  Bozeman  Pass,  three  miles 
southeast  of  Bozeman.  And  thus,  too,  was  the 
General  Government  at  last  forced  to  ac- 
knowledge the  necessity  of  having  called  into 
the  field  the  Territorial  militia,  which,  indeed, 
had  been  done  by  the  express  order  of  Gen- 
eral Sherman.  After  the  establishment  of  Fort 
Ellis  the  settlers  pushed  forward  their  en- 
terprises with  greater  confidence,  feeling  that 
in  the  future  they  would  enjoy  the  fruits  of  their 
industry  in  peace  and  security;  and  a  steady 
tide  of  immigration  again  set  in,  stimulating  all 
branches  of  industry.  From  that  time  forward 
the  history  of  the  Gallatin  Valley,  if  we  except 
an  occasional  Indian  "  scare  "  in  the  most  ex- 
posed places,  has  been  a  career  of  uninterrupt- 
ed prosperity.1  The  garrison  opened  a  new 
and  nearer  market  for  the  products  of  the  farm, 
and  has  had  much  to  do  with  making  Bozeman 
as  it  now  is,  and  for  the  last  four  years  has  been, 
one  of  the  best  cash  vegetable  and  dairy  markets 
in  the  Territory;  it  seemed  to  open  a  demand 
for  the  surplusage  over  and  above  what  was 
called  for  by  the  miners  and  trappers  scattered 
along  the  Yellowstone,  so  that  since  then  only 
flour,  grain  and  bacon  have  been  shipped  in 
large  quantities  from  the  Gallatin  Valley  to  the 
more  distant  mining  camps. 


Early  next  spring  Fort  Ellisis  to  be  increased 
from  a  four-company  to  a  twelve-company  post 
— orders  for  more  extensive  barracks,  with 
that  object  in  view,  having  already  been  pro- 
mulgated. The  garrison,  thus  increased,  will 
undoubtedly  be  permanent  for  several  years,  or 
until  some  time  after  the  completion  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  as  it  is  the  natural 
base  for  all  military  operations  between  eastern 
Montana  and  the  Dakota  border.  And  when, 
finally  the  necessity  of  maintaining  it  shall 
have  passed  away,  the  Gallatin  producer  will 
have  uu  inexhaustible  market  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  contiguous  mines  of  gold,  silver, 
copper  and  iron. 

The    Pick   and   Plow. 

The  settlement  and  development  of  the  Galla- 
tin Valley  was  materially  assisted  by  the  estab- 
lishment at  Bozeman  city  in  1809,  of  the  Mon- 
tana PU-k  and  Plow,  a  well  printed  journal,  with 
H.  N.  Maguire,  a  journalist  well  and  favorably 
kuowu  throughout  the  Territority,  as  editor. 
Tlie  Avani  CouAttr  as  successor  to  the  Pick  and 
Plow,  has  a  local  patronage  enjoyed  by  but  few 
mountain  journals.  Cant.  Joseph  "Wright,  ono 
of  the  best  printers  on  the  frontior,  and  a  good 
writer  is  the  conductor  of  the  Courier,  while  Mr. 
Maguire,  the  projector  of  the  Pick  and  Plow, 
finds  a  more  congenial  field  for  his  energy  in 
the  real  estate  business. 

A    General   View. 

Now  let  us  take  a  general  view  of  the  con- 
dition of  affairs  in  the  Gallatin  Valley.  Be- 
tween fivo  and  six  hundred  farms  are  under  as 
high  state  of  improvement  as  could  be  ex- 
pected, considering  the  time  they  have  been 
cultivated,  many  of  them  boasting  thriving 
young  orchards  and  first-class  barns  and 
dwelling  houses.  Maguire's  Bozeman  Land 
Agency  is  crowded  with  applicants  to  make 
additional  land  entries.  In  the  last  year  the 
property  valuation  of  the  county  has  almost 
doubled ;  in  the  last  year  and  a  half  the  pop- 
ulation of  Bozeman  has  nearly  trebled;  and 
permanent  settlements  are  rapidly  being  made 
in  the  adjacent  valley  of  the  Yellowstone.  I 
have  frequently  spoken  through  your  col- 
umns of  the  general  productiveness  of  those  re- 
gions; no  better  quality  or  more  bountiful  yields 
of  wheat,  oats,  barley  and  rye,  or  root  crops,  aro 
produced  anywhere  in  the  temperate  zone. 
That  the  great  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  will 
traverse  the  Yellowstone  and  Gallatin  valleys 
within  the  next  three  years  is  no  longer 
doubted. 

Gallatin    City 

Is  situated  in  the  Gallatin  Valley  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Jefferson,  Madison  and  Gallatin 
rivers,  which  form  the  headwaters  ofthe  great 
Missouri.  It  was  first  settled  by  a  band  of  60 
men  in  1864.  The  banks  of  the  rivers  are 
covered  with  the  most  luxuriant  vegetation, 
furnishing  an  abundance  of  food  for  stock. 
Fair  grounds  are  laid  out  adjoining  the  city.  It 
is  probable  that  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
will  pass  through  the  town  and  follow  up  the 
Jefferson  river.  A  water  power  flour  mill  is 
situated  in  the  town,  owned  by  Geo.  D.  Thomas; 
it  is  run  night  and  day,  and  during  last  fall 
turned  out  7,000  sacks  of  flour.  It  is  a  great 
convenience  to  the  fanners  near  by  and  does 
its  work  well.  The  average  yield  of  wheat  in 
this  vicinity  is  30  bushels  per  acre.  Major  J. 
B.  Campbell  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  in  this 
country  and  owns  some  very  fine  stock.  His 
daughter  Fanny  has  had  enterprise  enough  to 
locate  160  acres  of  land  adjoining  the  town, 
and  having  complied  with  the  requirements  of 
the  law  now  holds  possession  of  it  in  her  own 
name.  This  is  a  somewhat  novel  idea  for  the 
fair  sex,  but  her  example  has  already  been  fol- 
lowed by  Miss  Ray,  who  raised  60  acres  of 
wheat  last  year  on  a  place  of  her  own. 

Eastern  Montana  is  to-day  the  objectivo 
point  of  colonies  which  are  being  organized  in, 
Missouri,  Illinois  and  other  "Western  Statesf 
and  the  increase  of  population  the  present 
year  will  undoubtedly  be  greater  than  that  of 
the  last  two  preceeding  years.  But  there  is 
little  danger  of  the  field  being  soon  overcrowd- 
ed. It  is  estimated  that  the  main  Gallatin 
Valley  will  alone  support  a  farming  population 
of  fifteen  thousand.  There  is  still  in  Gallatin 
County,  I  am  assured,  over  half  a  million  acres 
of  the  best  of  farming  lands,  subject  to  entry 
under  the  homestead   and  pre-emption  laws. 


The  Overland  foe  Apeii.  contains  articles  o 
more  than  ordinary  merit.  The  contents  em- 
brace Sea  Studies;  A  Ride  through  Oregon; 
South  Sea  Bubbles;  Three  Days  of  Sanctuary; 
The  Northern  California  Indians ;  Evelyn ; 
Wants  and  Advantages  of  California;  In  the 
Shadow  of  St.  Helena;  Exhumed;  Yosemite 
Valley  in  Flood;  Juanita;  Abigail  Ray's  Vision; 
Sam  Rice's  Romance,  and  Transition.  The 
book  notices  and  "  Etc."  are  as  usual,  good. 


The  Michigan'  Southern  R.  R.  Co. 
have  ordered  131  locomotives,  twenty  of 
which  are  to  be  built  at  the  Taunton 
works,  twenty-three  at  Manchester,  N.  H., 
twenty-six  at  the  Rhode  Island  works, 
and  the  others  at  New  York  and  Paterson, 
N.J.    ^  ^ 

The  Martsville  Foundry  is  making 
six  Little  Giant  nozzles  for  Dutch  Flat; 
they  are  constructed  so  as  to  stand  a  press- 
ure of  400  feet  fall  of  water  and  weigh  over 
1,000  pounds  each. 


186 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  23,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Hints  te  Poor  Housekeepers. 

The  duties  of  housekeeping  do  not  oc- 
cupy all  the  time  of  women  who  keep  from 
one  to  a  half  dozen  servants.  Almost  every 
housekeeper  tells  about  being  driven  with 
care.  Many  complain  that  servants  are  the 
pest  of  their  lives,  the  ourse  of  housekeep- 
ing. 

In  the  face  of  all  this  it  is  safe  to  believe 
that  a  good  mistress  makes  good  servants, 
and  to  act  upon  that  belief. 

Those  who  fully  understand  how  to  sys- 
tematize house-work,  and  to  practice  all 
the  practical  economies  of  time,  strength 
and  expense  in  each  department,  have  very 
little  trouble  with  help. 

The  irregularities  of  a  household  do 
more  to  spoil  a  good  servant  than  anything 
else. 

Late  to  breakfast,  late  to  dinner,  late  to 
supper,  each  taking  their  own  time,  and 
straggling  in  to  eat  alone,  requires  many 
more  steps;  and  taxes  the  patience  of  din- 
ing-room girls.  For  there  is  grumbling 
about  bad  coffe,  cold  toast  and  hard  beef- 
steaks, when  everything  was  palatable 
when  first  cooked. 

Where  such  habits  are  permitted,  the 
washing  and  ironing  drag  around  all  the 
week,  keeping  girls  in  the  vapors  and 
discouraged.  It  is  all  very  well  that  you 
"  hire  a  girl  to  do  your  work,  no  matter  at 
what  time  of  day  it  pleases  you  to  have  it 
done " — if  you  allow  a  family  of  six  or 
eight  to  leave  things  topsy  turvy,  one  or 
two  girls  cannot  follow  them  to  keep  things 
in  order,  besides  doing  justice  to  the  other 
duties  of  housekeeping. 

A  great  trouble  is  that  girls  are  com- 
pelled to  be  both  mistress  and  maid  through 
ignorance  of  their  superior  officers. 

"Do  you  wish  your  clothes  rubbed 
through  two  waters  ?" 

"  Do  you  use  washing  fluid,  Ma'am  ?', 

"  Shall  I  use  flour  or  sale  starch  for 
dresses  ?" 

' '  "What  shall  I  get  for  breakfast  ?" — and 
all  such  questions  requiring  a  positive  and 
intelligent  answer  directing  girls  how 
things  shall  be  done. 

But  many  women  answer  "  Do  the  wash- 
ing as  you  have  been  accustomed  to  do  it. 
Get  what  you  please  for  breakfast,  only  let 
it  be  something  good  " — giving  girls  free 
sweep  in  the  kitchen,  to  waste  and  cause 
twice  the  expense  they  should,  if  it  hap- 
pens to  be  their  custom. 

Some  women  call  that  housekeeping. 

One  of  Dickens'  characters  is  a  woman 
who  has  seasons  of  striking  terror  to  the 
hearts  of  her  household  by  putting  on 
gloves  and  tying  her  head  up  in  a  rag,  to 
storm  around  and  give  things  a  thorough 
going  over  and  dusting  up — ill  temper  be- 
ing the  invariable  accompaniment  of  such 
bursts  of  industry. 

That  character  is  the  representative  type 
of  quite  a  class  of  housekeepers.  It  would 
be  far  better  if  their  industry  did  not  come 
in  streaks.  If  they  would  exercise  a  little 
of  it  every  day,  it  would  prove  a  benefit  to 
themselves  and  those  around  them. 

Kindness  to  servants  and  a  disposition 
to  help  them  along  make  things  go 
smoothly. 

Working  people  have  hearts,  and  those 
who  best  appreciate  that  fact  are  the  ones 
who  make  most  friends  among  them. — 
Pomeroy's  Democrat. 

A  Good  Way  to  Cook  Meat — Is  to  seal 
it  in  a  vessel  hermetically  tight.  Cooked 
thus  a  long  time  in  its  own  juices,  it  is 
rendered  very  tender,  and  has  a  peculiar 
appetizing  flavor.  Take  an  earthern  jar 
that  will  stand  heat,  with  a  tight  fitting 
cover.  If  beef  is  to  be  the  dish  for  dinner 
cut  in  convenient  pieces,  lay  them  in  the 
jar,  rub  each  piece  with  salt  and  pepper 
and  a  little  sugar,  put  in  a  little  water;  lay 
on  a  piece  of  thick  buttered  paper,  and 
press  down  the  cover.  If  you  think  it  will 
allow  any  steam  to  escape,  mix  short  or 
rye  meal  with  water  to  a  paste;  press  strips 
of  this  all  round  the  edge  of  the  cover. 
Bake  in  a  moderate  oven  four  or  five  hours 
according  to  tenderness  of  meat.  Chickens 
or  turkeys,  are  excellent  cooked  in  this 
way.  The  toughest  old  hen  can  be  ren- 
dered toothsome  by  this  process. 

To  Pickle  Meat  in  One  Day. — Get  a 
tub  nearly  full  of  rain  or  river  water  and 
put  two  pieces  of  thin  wood  across  it  and 
put  the  beef  on  them,  distant  about  an 
inch  from  the  water.  Heap  as  much  salt 
as  will  stand  on  your  beef  and  let  it  re- 
main twenty-four  hours;  then  take  the 
meet  off  and  boil  it,  and  you  will  find  it  as 
salt  as  if  it  had  been  in  pickle  for  six 
weeks,  the  water  having  drawn  the  salt 
completely  through  the  beef. 


Cleaning  Soiled  Marble  Slabs. 

Much  annoyance  is  frequently  experi- 
enced by  the  soiling  of  marble  table  tops 
or  other  marble  objects,  and  a  perfectly 
satisfactory  method  of  removing  such 
stains  is  a  desideratum.  It  is  said  that  if 
slacked  lime  be  mixed  with  a  strong  solu- 
tion of  soap  into  a  pasty  mass  and  spread 
over  the  spot  in  question,  and  allowed  to 
remain  for  twenty -four  to  thirty  hours, 
then  carefully  washed  off  with'  soap  and 
water,  and  finally  with  pure  water,  the 
stain  will  be  almost  entirely  removed,  es- 
pecially if  the  application  be  repeated  once 
or  twice. 

Another  preparation  consists  in  mixing 
an  oxgall  with  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of 
soap-boiler's  lye,  and  an  eighth  of  a  pound 
of  oil  of  turpentine,  and  adding  enough 
pipe-clay  earth  to  form  a  paste,  which  is 
then  to  be  placed  upon  the  marble  for  a 
time,  and  afterward  scraped  off,  the  appli- 
cation to  be  repeated  until  the  marble  is 
perfectly  clean.  It  is  quite  possible  that 
with  all  our  endeavors  a  faint  trace  of  the 
stains  may  be  left;  but  it  is  said  that  this 
will  be  almost  inappreciable.  Should  the 
spots  be  produced  by  oil,  these  are  to  be 
first  treated  with  petroleum  for  the  pur- 
pose of  softening  the  hardened  oil,  and  the 
above  mentioned  applications  may  be  made 
subsequently. 

Ink  spots  may  be  removed  by  first  wash- 
ing with  pure  water,  and  then  with  a  weak 
solution  of  oxalic  acid.  Subsequent  pol- 
ishing,however, will  be  necessary,as  the  lus- 
ter of  the  stone  may  become  dimmed.  This 
can  be  best  secured  by  very  finely  powder- 
ed soft  white  marble,  applied  with  a  linen 
cloth  first  dipped  in  water  and  then  into 
the  powder.  If  the  place  be  subsequently 
rubbed  with  a  dry  cloth  the  luster  will  be 
restored. —  Western  Rural. 


Canary  Birds. — Hang  the  cage  always 
where  drafts  do  not  strike  the  bird.  Give 
healthy  birds  canary  and  rape  seed, 
plenty  of  fresh  water,  cuttle  fish  bone, 
and  clean  gravel  on  the  bottom  of  the 
oage  often.  Also,  give  the  birds  fresh 
water  to  bathe  in  every  day.  After  they 
have  bathed  remove  the  dish,  which 
should  be  shallow.  Never  have  the  room 
overheated.  At  night,  when  the  fire  has 
gone  down,  if  it  is  very  cold,  throw  a  thin 
cloth  over  the  cage.  A  little  pepper  occa- 
sionally regulates  them.  Do  not  give 
them  cake  or  sugar.  When  moulting, 
feed  them  on  rape  seed  slightly  moistened. 
Hard  boiled  egg  and  cracker  grated  are 
excellent.  Bad  seed  will  kill  birds.  Cab- 
bage and  sweet  apples  are  good  for  them, 
and  now  and  then  a  fig.  With  moderate 
care  the  little  songsters  will  repay  your 
attention  with  sweet  notes  of  joy. —  West- 
ern Rural. 


To  Clean  Lamp  Chimneys. — When  you 
wish  to  clean  a  lamp  chimney  hold  a  linen 
cloth  against  one  end  of  the  chimney  and 
place  the  other  end  in  your  mouth,  breathe 
iu  it  until  it  is  covered  inside  with  moist- 
ure, push  the  cloth  into  the  chimney  with 
a  smooth  slender  stick  and  rub  it  around 
until  the  moisture  is  absorbed,  repeat  the 
process  and  breathe  over  the  outer  surface 
also,  rub  this  with  a  cloth  until  dry  and 
you  have  a  clean,  bright  chimney  as  the 
result.  This  method  saves  time,  labor 
and  patience,  and  gives  a  result  highly 
satisfactory ;  soft  newspaper  will  take  the 
place  of  a  linen  cloth — do  not  use  cotton 
cloth  on  any  glass-ware. 

Substitute  for  Bed  Blankets. — Here 
is  a  hint  for  housekeepers,  and  a  very  im- 
portant one.  Merely  covering  up  a  bed 
with  blankets  and  .  counterpanes  will  no 
more  protect  it  from  dampness  or  keep  it 
dry  than  a  pane  of  glas  will  keep  out  light. 
The  atmospheric  moisture  will  penetrate 
all  woven  fabrics.  Hence  the  importance 
of  keeping  the  beds  in  spare  rooms 
regularly  aired.  Many  a  dear  friend  or 
welcome  visitor  has  been  sent  to  an  un- 
timely grave,  or  afflicted  for  life  with 
disease  by  being  put  into  a  bed  which  had 
been  permitted  to  stand  unoccupied.  Keep 
the  spare  beds,  when  not  in  use,  free  from 
all  covering  but  a  light  spread. 

P.lain  Apple  Pudding. — Pare,  quarter 
and  core  apples  to  fill  a  small  dish  rather 
more  than  half,  and  pour  in  water  two 
inches  deep.  Make  a  crust  of  one  pint  of 
flour,  one-half  teaspoonful  of  salt,  and 
baking  powder  enough  to  make  it  light. 
Add  a  level  teaspoonful  of  lard,  and  flour 
enough  to  make  a  wet  dough,  and  roll  it 
out  quickly,  put  over  the  pudding  dish, 
and  place  on  a  hot  stove.  Cover  tightly 
with  a  tin  cover  on  which  put  a  flat  iron. 
The  steam  produced  cooks  the  pudding 
quickly.  Fifteen  minutes  will  be  found 
long  enough.  Serve  hot  with  hard  sauce 
made  of  butter  and  sugar. 


Why  Some  are  Poor. — Cream  is  allowed 
to  mold  and  spoil.  Silver  spoons  are  used 
to  scrape  kettles.  The  scrubbing  brush  is 
left  in  the  water.  Nice-handled  knives 
are  thrown  in  hot  water.  Brooms  are 
never  hung  up,  and  soon  are  spoiled. 
Dishcloths  are  thrown  where  mice  can 
destroy  them.  Tubs  and  barrels  are  left 
in  the  sun  to  dry  and  fall  apart.  Clothes 
are  left  on  the  line  to  whip  to  pieces  in 
the  wind.  Pie  crust  is  left  to  sour  instead 
I  of  making  a  few  tarts  for  tea.  Dried  fruit 
is  not  taken  care  of  in  season,  and  becomes 
wormy.  Vegetables  are  thrown  away  that 
would  warm  for  breakfast.  The  cork  is 
left  out  of  the  molasses  jug,  and  the  flies 
take  possession.  Bits  of  meat  are  thrown 
out  that  would  make  hashed  meat  or  hash. 
Coffee,  tea,  pepper  and  spices  are  left  to 
stand  open  and  lose  their  strength.  Pork 
spoils  for  the  want  of  salt,  from  floating 
on  top  of  the  brine,  and  because  the  brine 
wants  scalding. — Ex. 

Potash  vs.  Eats. — A  gentleman  of  large 
experience,  and  claiming  to  be  as  humane 
as  the  rest  of  us,  communicates  to  the  Ag- 
riculturist the  fact  that  he  rids  his  premises 
of  rats  by  putting  potash  in  their  holes 
and  runs.  The  poor  wretches  get  it  over 
their  feet  and  fur,  then  they  lick  it,  and 
don't  likethetasteofit;  it  burns  them  some- 
what, and  the  more  they  see  of  it  the  less 
they  like;  and  so  they  clear  out  almost  as 
soon  as  the  application  is  made.  To  get 
rid  of  mice,  the  same  person  uses  tartar 
emetio,  mingled  with  any  favorite  food; 
they  take  it,  take  sick,  and  take  their  leave. 

A  Winter  Evening  Desert. — In  the 
winter,  when  there  has  been  a  fall  of  light 
snow,  the  following  makes  a  delightful 
dish  for  desert  and  refreshments  during 
the  long  winter  evening  (when  the  stove 
is  hot) :  Take  of  the  thickest  sweet  cream 
you  can  get,  one  pint;  to  it  add  one  teacup 
full  of  white  or  light  sugar,  beat  well 
together,  then  add  enough  clean  dry  snow 
stirring  well  all  the  time,  to  make  it  the 
consistency  of  ice  cream;  add  flavoring  of 
lemon,  vanilla,  strawberry  or  raspberry 
syrup  made  for  the  purpose. 

Puddings  and  Pies. — Dr.  Hall  says  that 
puddings  and  pies  are  considered  unhealth- 
ful,  because,  being  eaten  after  we  have 
made  a  full  meal  of  other  things,  the  stom- 
ach is  oppressed  by  them,  and,  if  the  pro- 
cess is  repeated,  becomes  eventually  dys- 
peptic; that  is,  has  not  power  to  work  up 
the  food,  because  it  has  been  "worked  to 
death"  already.  It  would  be  quite  as  phil- 
osophical to  say,  he  asserts,  that  if  a  man 
has  become  very  tired  by  plowing  all  day, 
and  afterwards  by  chopping  wood  had 
"worked  himself  out,"  it  was  very  un- 
healthy to  chop  wood. 


Mechanical  Hints. 


A  New  Metal,  an  alloy  of  which  the 
composition  is  only  known  to  the  discov- 
erer, has  been  compounded.  This  metal 
is  said  to  resemble  gold  in  color,  ductility, 
and  malleability.  It  does  not  tarnish  nor 
is  it  affected  by  dampness.  From  its 
lesser  cost  and  superior  qualities  it  is  ex- 
pected that  it  will  to  a  great  extent  super- 
cede brass. 

To  Make  a  Varnish  that  will  Imitate 
Ground  Glass. — Mr.  J.  Garratt  has  fa- 
vored us  with  the  following: — To  make  a 
varnish  to  imitate  ground  glass  dissolve 
90  grains  of  sandarac  and  20  grains  of 
mastic  in  two  ounces  of  washed  methylated 
ether,  and  add,  in  small  quantities,  a  suffi- 
ciency of  benzine  to  make  it  dry,  with  a 
suitable  grain — too  little  making  the  var- 
nish too  transparent,  and  excess  making  it 
crapy.  The  quantity  of  benzine  required 
depends  upon  its  quality — from  an  half 
ounce  to  an  ounce  and  a  half  or  even 
more;  but  the  best  results  are  got  with  a 
medium  quality.  It  is  important  to  use 
washed  ether,  free  from  spirit. — British 
Journal  of  Photography. 

The  Brittleness  of  Drawn  Wire  may 
be  obviated  in  a  short  time  by  subjecting 
it  to  a  glowing  heat  or  it  losses  this  at  the 
ordinary  temperature  within  two  to  four 
months. — Oesterreich.  Ztschr. 

In  Order  to  prevent  the  ebullition  of 
boiling  liquids  a  small  fragment  of  sodium 
amalgam  or  of  sodium  tin,  is  added,  when 
the  solution  is  acid.  The  efficacy  of  these 
depends  on  the  evolution  of  a  small 
amount  of  hydrogen  during  the  process. — 
Dingler's  Polytech.  Journal. 

Impurities  in  Gold. — Slight  traces, 
even  the  1-1900  of  lead,  antimony,  bis- 
muth or  arsenic,  render  gold  crystalline 
and  brittle;  these  impurities  may  be  re- 
moved by  chlorine.  Silver  from  ancient 
graves  in  the  Island  of  Cyprus  was  found 
to  be  brittle  in  consequence  of  changes  in 
its  molecular  condition  in  the  course  of 
centuries. — Polytech.  Central-Blatt, 


H    &    L    AXLE    GREASE. 


The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  years,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  buBiness;  and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A    KATE 
As  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBERT 
Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the  H  & 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  L 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v24-eowr 


Phelps'  Patent  Animal  Trap, 


FOR  GOPHERS,  SQIRRELS,  RATS,  CAYOTES, 
and  other  "  Varmints." 

This  Trap,  as  may  be  seen,  is  of  simple  construction 
and  not  likely  to  get  out  of  order,  and  very  durable. 

It  is  "Very  Efficient 
andean  bo  used  conveniently  by  women  or  children. 
THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST  YET  INVENTED.  Price 
60  cents.  By'  mail,  prepaid  (to  places  where  express 
charges  are  high},  SI.  A  liberal  discount  to  clubs  or 
dealers  who  buy  by  the  dozen.  Address  tbe  inventor 
and  manufacturer,  D.  N.  PHELPS, 

al-ly-awbp         Sau  Leandro,  Alameda  County,  Cal, 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

"  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
maud  for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Pollowsi 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  mnller  forces 
the  pull. to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  appertiu'o  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 

AMBLER'S   BLOWPIPE    FURNACE, 

For  Ho  as  ting:    Xteoellious    Ores. 

This  new  roasting  furnace  is  the  CHEAPEST  AND 
BEST  yet  offered  to  the  public.  By  furnishing  an 
ample  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  ore  while  roasting, 
thorough  oxydization  of  the  suTphurets  is  secured  at  a 
small  cost. 

It  is  Adapted  to  All  Kinds  of  Ores. 

A  description  and  illustration  of  this  Furnace  was 
given  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  November  25th. 

For  terms,  circular,  and  further  information,  address 
the  agent  of  the  inventor, 

MONROE    THOMSON, 

At  Hi  California  street,  San  Francisco,  until  further 
notice.  5v23-3m 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COxVtE»A.2VY. 

118  Front  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,    Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 


12vS3-3m 


J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Ag-ent. 


CUNDURANG0. 

BLISS,  KEENE  &  CO.'S  Fluid  Extract,  the  won- 
derful remedy  for  Cancer,  Syphilis,  Scrofula,  Ulcers, 
Pulmonary  Complaints,  Salt  Rheum,  and  all  Chronic 
Blood  Diseases,  is  prepared  from  the  Genuine  Cundu- 
rango  Bark,  from  Loja,  Ecuador,  secured  by  the  assist 
ance  of  the  authorities  of  that  country.  It  is  the  mos- 
effective,  prompt  and  certain  alterative  and  blood  puri- 
fier known.  Sold  by  all  Druggists,  in  pint  bottles,  hav 
ing  on  them  our  name,  trade  mark  and  directions.  Send 
for  a  circular.  Office  and  Laboratory,  No.  CO  Cedar 
street,  N.  Y.  25v23-3m 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 

MICROSt  OPEK 

Illustrated    Price    List    sent    free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons; 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician.  -19  Nassau  street,  New  Yorkj 

3v23-ly^ 


March  23,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


187 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
BTATISTIVIAK, 


■11,  CuuiuiercM,  and  Manufacture,  of   the   Pialflc 

OmM, 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 

No.  102  Stockloo  street San  Fmi. 

«7"  Surgical  ci«n  from  the  country  received  ami 

treated  at  tbfl  Hoi  :    -;>ltul. 

All  tetters  nn-w<  red  promptly, 


fllLKJ   u.  OUT.  JtMM  h,    Mirxx. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTOIIMK  l  S  V>  II  1  III  SSKLOH8  AT  LAW, 

lo  Building  of  Pacific  Intur.nce  Co,  N.   K.  corner  CalV 

'oniUan.    L«ldi"Mlornittruou, 

S1.1  HRANIIICO. 


^ 


Spectacles    My    Specialty. 


0.  HTJLLER,  O] 

206  Montgomery  Street,  ltu--*  Blufk. 


JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429    Montgomery    Street, 
H.  w,  corner  Bacrameato, 

Surveying  In»irument.t  ma-le,    repaired  and  fcdjUHtod 

_  !,  i.     .... 


N.    P.    LANQLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SA.WYER,, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Filancmco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St..  bet.  First  and  Second, 
21v23-tf  SA«:iuM>sro. 


*X.    BAHTUWC. 


Hi   Mii     KIMBALL. 


BARTLINO-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBIINDERS-S, 

Paper  Bulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

SOS  C'luy  .treet,  (southwest  cor.  Sansome), 
15vl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


8AJV    FKATfCISCO 

C  O  R  D  A  G  E     C  O  M  P  A  N  T  . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.     Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.     Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBB8  &  CO.,  Agent,, 

26  611  and  613  Front  street. 


H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting   and 


Hose, 


HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL      ENGBATER, 

A  .V  I)  1ETTEK  CUTTEE, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  60S  Sacramento  street, 

8an  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,   One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  8TEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BRUNT CaBhier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


BALDWIN     LOCOMOTIVE    WORKS. 


M.   BAIRD  &  CO.,    Philadelphia, 

MAN  DFACTUKEKS   OF  LOCOMOTIVE  ENGINES, 
Especially  adapted  to  Every  Variety  of  Railroad  Use,  Including 

Mining  Engines  and  Locomotives  for  Narrow  Gauge  Railways. 

ALL    WORK    ACClRATELY    FITTED    TO    GAUGES,    AND    THOROUGHLY    INTERCHANGEABLE. 


Plan,  Materials,  Workmanship,  Finish  and  Efficiency  Fully  Guaranteed 
M.  BAIRD,  CHAS.  T.  PARRY,  WM.  P.  HENSZEY, 

GEO.  BURNHAM  EDWARD  H.  WILLIAMS,  EDWARD  LONGSTRETH. 

%T  Williams,  BlanchAjid  k  Co.,  Agents,  218  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  apl-eow26t 


PUMP 


Combines   Simplicity   and    Durability   to  a   Remarkable  Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used — 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Agent  "Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope. 


A.    CARR, 
43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

7v23-ly-eow 


CARS, 

LIGHT,     STEONG    ^\_ND     ELEGANT. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 
MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

—foe— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v'23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    341     REAttNY    8TRRET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pino  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  CoaBt. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 
Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to   Let.  feSfejB 

A.    HEYHAM, 
I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
znal8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Saobamento. 


Omnibuses     of    Every     Style. 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  sending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-2Gt 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


OVER    300    IN    USE. 

BEST    IN    THE    MARKET. 

Engines,    Pumps,   Etc.,   Manufactured  and 
on  Hand. 

8^"  For  pamphlets  and  testimonials  address 

ROOT  STEAM  ENGINE  CO., 

Twenty-eighth  Street,  corner  Second  Avenue, 
20v22-eow-26t  New  Yobk. 


BUY   BARBER'S   BIT  BRACE. 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bridges,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Eto. 

Would  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album   of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli- 
cation to  our  address.  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila- 
delphia. ap8-ly 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.    Address 
B-v24-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings,  Mills, Bridg- 
es, or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure    good    satisfac- 

EDW.    "W.    TIFT, 

No.  807  Howard  street,  San  Francisco. 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  1862 
aw.rded  the  Prlxe  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  Buu  FnutolBOO, 
REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Lark  in  streets,  to  their  uew  and  Couiuuidious  works 
•corner  of  Greenwich  und  Octavia.  They  huvo  estab- 
lished an  office  and  Balesyard  ut  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bu*h,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  Of  OBN  \  MENTAL,  Bl'ILD IN G.CEMfc.Tfc'RY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Order*  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  6v24-3amslamrly 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.  014   CALIFOKNIA    ITBEET, 

SAU  FRAUCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MrrvrrvG, 

Ami    BLiASTING 
POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  TFE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
Into  the  Interior,  Is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  Ib  ineveiy 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold   Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for   the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blahtin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
aer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

X6v2G-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE.  Secretary. 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

-AND- 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre),  P 
EF-FEF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1, 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  3$  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  G  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  H  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  H 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  {manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal..  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  Rxplode  the  Giant  Powder  and  HerculeB  Powder  Caps . 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  those  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engruved. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Anns. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 
5v24-fim-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped    Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Ftyl        Wig. 2  Fitj.3  MgA 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  AIbo  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27ih,  1809;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute.  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

Iv24-Gm  J.  DICKINSON,  04  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


188 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[March  23,  1872. 


Mineral  Lands. 

A  suit  in  equity  has  been  instituted  in 
the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court,  by  Prosecuting 
Attorney  Latimer,  against  J.  F.  Houghton 
and  E.  H.  Miller,  Jr.,  to  set  aside  letters 
patent  for  lands  in  Siskiyou  county  on  the 
ground  that  they  were  mineral  not  agricul- 
tural lands.  The  complaint  alleges  that  on 
the  14th  of  Deo.  1868,  James  F.  Hough- 
ton, not  being  a  settler  upon  the  lands 
hereinafter  described,  applied  to  the  Land 
Office  of  the  United  States  for  the  Land 
District  of  Humboldt,  to  make  entry  of 
and  purchase  at  private  sale  of  the  follow- 
ing described  parcels  of  public  lands,  sit- 
uated in  the  county  of  Siskiyou:  South- 
east quarter  of  section  20,  northeast 
quarter  of  section  29,  the  northwest  sec- 
tion of  quarter  28,  and  the  southwest 
quarter  of  section  21,  all  in  township  47, 
north  of  range  6,  west  Mt.  Diablo  base 
and  meridian,  containing  640  acres.  That 
the  entry  was  allowed  by  the  Begister  and 
Receiver  of  the  Land  District,  and  the 
said  entry  and  purchase  was  made  by 
Houghton. 

On  the  11th  of  September,  1869,  United 
States  letters  patent  were  issued  to  Hough- 
ton for  the  said  parcels  of  land.  The  bill 
states  that  these  lands  were  at  the  time 
Houghton  applied  to  enter  the  same,  and 
ever  since  have  been  and  now  are,  mineral 
lauds  of  the  United  States,  containing 
valuable  gold  deposits;  that  for  more  than 
twenty  years  the  lands  have  been  settled 
upon  and  occupied  by  persons  engaged  in 
mining  in  and  upon  said  lands,  that  the 
mineral  character  of  the  lands  has  been 
well  known  and  notorious  during  all  the 
time  it  has  been  settled  upon  and  occupied; 
that  as  early  as  1850  there  was  located 
and  built  upon  the  southeast  quarter  of 
section  twenty  the  town  of  Cottonwood, 
which  still  does  exist  and  stand  upon  the 
locality  aforesaid,  where  trade  and  com- 
merce are  carried  on,  and  where  many 
persons  resided  and  still  reside,  engaged 
in  mining  and  mercantile  pursuits;  that  in 
consequence  of  the  mineral  character  of 
the  lands  they  were  wholly  unfit  for  culti- 
vation and  agricultural  purposes,  and 
were  not  subject  to  private  entry  or  pur- 
chase. 

The  complaint  further  states  that  Hough- 
ton knew  at  the  time  he  applied  for,  en- 
tered, and  attempted  to  purchase  said 
lands,  that  they  were  mineral  lands  and  oc- 
cupied as  such,  and  wholly  unfit  for  culti- 
vation and  agricultural  purposes;  that  his 
application  to  enter  the  said  lands  was 
knowingly,  falsely  and  fraudulently  made, 
with  the  intention  of  securing  the  title  to 
said  lands;  that  the  officers  representing 
the  United  States  were  deceived  by  Hough- 
ton, and  that  their  acts  were  done  unad- 
visedly and  through  mistake. 

It  states  further  that  Houghton  has  re- 
fused to  return  the  United  States  patent, 
and  that  he  has  transferred  the  same  to  E. 
H.  Miller,  Jr.,  who  has  now  the  same  in 
his.posession;  that  Miller  knew  when  the 
transfer  was  made,  that  the  lands  were 
classed  as  mineral  lands,  and  had  notice 
of  the  fact  that  they  were  not  in  the  mar- 
ket. The  bill  prays  that  the  letters  patent 
be  decaired  to  be  null  and  void  and  for 
such  other  relief  as  the  Court  may  seem 
proper  to  grant. 

New  Incorporations. 


The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

American  Tobacco  Co. — March  12.  Object, 
to  cultivate  and  deal  in  tobacco  in  its  various 
forms  and  to  purchase,  hold  and  deal  in  patents 
and  licenses.  Capital  stock,  $250,000  in  25,000 
shares.  Trustees:  Joseph  W.  Stow,  Joseph 
Brandenstein,  J.  A.  Drinkhouse,  J,  D.  Culp, 
Wm.  L.  Hoover;  place  of  business,  San  Fran- 
sisco. 

Ohio  Con.  G.  M.  Co. — March  12.  Location: 
West  Point  District,  Calaveras  county.  Capi- 
■  tal  stock  $2,500,000,  in  25,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees: W.  G.  Wayman,  A.  Eateman,  Ben.  Dore, 
Geo.  O.  Ecker  and  Joseph  Fulton. 

Schell  Ceeek M.  Co. — March  18.  Location: 
Scbell  Creek  Mining  District,  White  Pine  coun- 
ty, Nevada.  Capitai  stock,  $5,000,000,  in  50,000 
shares.  Trustees— Wm.  T.  O'Neal,  E.  M.  Hall, 
W.  T.  Kobinson,  F.  Vassault,  J.  B.  Overton. 
Place  of  business,  San  Francisco. 

Ivanhoe  S.  M.  Co. — March  18.  Location: 
Ely  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3  000,- 
000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— Wm.  Norris, 
George  D.  Roberts,  George  C.  Shreve,  It.  A. 
Swain,  Tyler  Curtis.  Place  of  business,  San 
Francisco. 

Vincent  M.  Co. — March  19.  Location:  Camp 
Floyd  District,  Utah.  Capital  stock,  $2,500,000, 
in  50,000  shares.    Trustees— W.  B.  Payne,  E. 


Vassault,  S.  H.  Howard,  P.  M.  Van  Winkle  and 
H.  L.  Lightner. 

Condoe  S.  M.  Co. — March  19.  Location  : 
Ely  District,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $2,500,000,  in  shares  of  $100  each. 
Trustees— J.  D.  Fry,  Jesse  S.  Wall,  George  A. 
Treadwell,  Wm.  H.  Sears  and  William  Cline. 

Maggie  M.  Co — March  20.  Location:  Lin- 
coln county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,500,- 
000,  in  2,500  shares.  Trustess— George  A. 
Treadwell,  William  Blanding,  John  W.  Shaw, 
J.  B.  E.  Cavallier  and  William  L.  Byckman. 


Toeacoo  Culture. — The  tobacco  crop  of 
Connecticut  has  come  to  be  one  of  the 
first  importance.  It  is  raised  in  almost 
all  parts  of  the  Connecticut  valley.  Hart- 
ford county  alone  is  said  to  have  produced 
$4,000,000  worth  last  year.  One  man 
realized  over  $12,000  from  the  product  of 
only  seven  acres.  The  tobacco  raised  in 
that  region  now  commands  a  much  better 
price  than  it  did  two  or  three  years  ago — 
in  most  cases  nearly  or  quite  twice  as 
much.  The  value  of  the  article  raised 
there  is  now  freely  acknowledged  by  manu- 
facturers and  it  is  bought  in  large  quanti- 
ties to  go  out  of  the  State  for  manufacture. 

Farmers  are  generally  increasing  their 
crops  by  planting  more  land,  and  many 
that  never  before  engaged  in  the  business 
are  now  planting  largely.  The  tobacco 
produced  there  is  not  only  a  superior  arti- 
cle, but  the  yield  is  also  very  large.  Both 
of  these  facts  are  the  result  of  careful 
tillage  and  thorough  dressing  of  the  soil. 
Stable  manure  has  been  found  by  experi- 
ence to  be  the  best  fertilizer. 

The  above  facts  shouldlfopera'.e  as  a 
stimulus  to  Californians.  The  few  experi- 
ments that  have  been  made  in  this  State 
have  been  very  successful,  both  in  quality 
and  amount  of  yield,  and  we  are  pleased 
to  state  that  the  indications  now  are  that 
tobacco  will  soon  become  an  important 
item  of  farm  product  in  California.  We 
notice  that  1,000  acres  near  Gilroy  is  to  be 
planted  with  tobacco  this  season,  and  that 
large  areas  are  to  be  planted  in  many  other 
sections  of  the  State. 


AgkicuiiTukaii  Education.  —  An  es- 
teemed correspondent  deprecates  the  in- 
difference manifested  by  our  State  Legisla- 
tors and  by  the  people  generally  in  the 
matter  of  agricultural  education.  "We  fully 
agree  with  him  in  the  necessity  for 
more  interest  in  this  matter,  but  fail  to  see 
how  it  can  be  brought  about  by  establish- 
ing an  agricultural  school  in  every  county 
until  we  can  get  something  like  a  fair  at- 
tendance and  interest  in  the  one  school  al- 
ready established  in  the  very  heart  of  one 
of  the  best  agricultural  counties  in  the 
State.  Something  of  the  plan  he  suggests 
has  been  put  in  practice  in  the  most  dense- 
ly populated  portions  of  Germany,  and 
may  eventually  be  made  practical  in  some 
portion  of  this  continent;  but  not  until  the 
country  is  filled  up  with  manufacturing 
enterprises  which  will  furnish  so  good  a 
home  market  for  our  agricultural  produc- 
tions that  an  individual  can  make  it  more 
profitable  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  the 
cultivation  of  five  acres,  than  to  spread 
himself  out  over  a  hundred  or  more.  Our 
correspondent's  suggestion  that  agricultu- 
ral text  books  should  be  prepared  and  intro- 
duced into  our  common  schools  is  a  good 
one.  The  general  principles  of  agricul- 
ture should  be  made  as  much  a  regular 
branch  of  study  in  our  schools  as  natural 
philosophy,  astronomy  or  English  gram- 
mar even. 


Meteorological  Report,  San  Francisco, 
For  week  ending  March  20th,  1872. 


r.  Tr.   f.  tt.       s.  w. 

3  Gentle  Clear 

2  Fresh  dear 
20  Brisk  Clear 
10  Fresh  Clear 

Fresh     Clear 
Clear 

3  Gentle    Cloudy 
Explanations. -H.  B.,  hight  of  barometer;  Th.,  ther- 
mometer: R.  H.,  relative  humidity  :  D-  W..  direction  wind; 
V.  W.,  velocity  of  wind  :  F.  W.,  force  of  wind :  S.  W.,  state 
of  weather. 


Dnlr.     II.  B.  Th.  R.  II.  I>.  TV. 

Mar.  14.. 30.27  50        65  N. 

Mar.  15.. 30.30  48       78  W. 

Mar.  16.  .30.29  51       72  W. 

Mar.  17.3 '.15  51        80  N. 

Mar.  18.-2tt.07  49       93  Calm 

Mar.  19.. 29.97  50  100 

Mar.  20.  .30.22  51       86  W. 


$5  to  $20  per  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  Wire  Works,  75  William  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-12mbp 


VALUABLE    PATENTS 

For  Sale. 

The  Hamilton  Road  Scraper. 

A  New  Roller  Skate. 

A  Drinking  Fountain  for  Fowls. 

Dr.  Beers*  Improvement  in  Dental  Plates. 

Shears  for  Cutting  Grapes  and  Flowers. 

Ailun'B  Furnace  for  Roasting  Ores. 

A  New  Sash  Tightener. 

•A.  Bed  Spring  that  has  no  equal. 

Kennedy's  Screw  Propeller. 

Gustafson's  Tree  Bos. 

A  Grate  Bar  that  don't  burn  out. 

A  Machine  for  Packing  Flour. 

Nevin's  Sand  Cap  for  Hubs. 

Westfall's  Potato  Digger. 

A  New  Collar  Sud  and  Neck  Tie  Holder. 

A  Combination  Household  Tool. 

Bonney's  Grain  Lifter. 

A  New  Wire  and  Picket  Fence, 

Self-Acting  Churn  Power. 

A  Machine  to  Roast  Nuts. 

A  Gas  Generator. 

An  Improvement  on  Thill  Attachments. 

Paine's  Culinary  Apparatus. 

A  Superior  Cider  and  "Wine  Press. 

A  Self-Opening  Gate. 

A  Plow  on  a  New  Principle. 

Wait's  Improved  Hay  Press. 

A  Vegetable  Cutter. 

An  Improved  Plow  Clevis. 

We  invite  parties  who  feel  interested  in  any  of  the 
above  named  patents  to  call  and  examine  samples  or 
S'.nd  for  description.  Also,  various  other  valuable 
patents  on  hand  for  negotiation. 

"WTESTER  &  CO., 
17  New  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


eowbplGp 


./"ailSHt**  ?*W  FRANCA 

'   ^Hfoiraltfo-UieJoiir^  F 

It  iB  one  of  the  Largest,  best  Illustrated  and  most  Original 

and  Enterprising  Agricultural  Journals  in  America, 

and  has  no  rival  on  the  WQ>tcrn  side  of  tlia 

Continent.    Its  circulation  is  Rapidly 

Increasing,   and  it  is  Vory 

Popular  with  its 

Patrons. 

A.  NEW  HUSBANDRY, 

as  it  were,  is  required  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  account  of  its 
peculiar  seasons,  soil,  climate  and  topography.  The  new 
discoveries,  ideas,  and  usoful  hints  evolved  in  its  rapid 
progress,  are  to  bo  observed  with  interest,  and  read,  as  re- 
ported in  the  Pacific  Rural,  with  profit  by  practical  and 
progressive  agriculturists  everywhere.  Sample  copies  of 
the  Press,  post  paid,  10  cts.    Subscription,  $4  a  year. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 
No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  SauFrancisco,  Cal.    Nov., 1871 


Change  of  Form. — With  the  commencement  of  the 
New  Year,  Crofutt's  Western  World  was  enlarged  to  16 
pages — G4  columns— of  the  same  size  and  shape  as  Har- 
per'B  Weekly,  of  N.  Y.,  or  the  Scientific  Press,  of  San 
Francisco.  This  change  is  demanded  by  the  pressure 
of  important  information  constantly  collecting  in  our 
hands.  Its  advantages  for  the  better  arrangement  of 
reading  matter  will  be  obvious  at  a  glance  to  our  sub- 
scribers.— Publisher  of  the  Western  World. 

The  above  Si  monthly  is  being  advanced  with  the  en- 
terprise and  originality  characteristic  with  the  pub- 
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RICHARD  H.  BTTEL,  Consulting-  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 
Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights,  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery,  i  refer  par- 
ticularly to  Professor  K.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 

10v24-13t     . 

Ladles  Desiring  to  Procure  a  First-Class  Sewing 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
.Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21vl-I2mbp 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office. 


L||K|TO    CfBR        V?e  will  send  on  receipt  of  stamp  for 
11,1,10    run   postage,  FREE,  our  52-page  Circular, 
containing  112  Illustrated  Mechani-   I  M  wr  tITADO 
cal  Movements ;  a  digest  of  PATENT   ■  I*  "  L  N  I  U  H  O  ■ 

LAWS;  information  how  to  obtain  patents,  and  about  the 
rights  and  privileges  of  inventors  and  patentees;  list  of 
Goverinentfees,  practical  hints,  etc.,  etc.  Address  DEWEY 
&  CO.,  Publishers  and  Patent  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


Longshore's  Combination  Tool, 


This  device  is  just  what  its  name  indicates.  As  a 
Kitchen  Tool  it  is  indispensable.  It  will  fit  and  lift 
with  perfect  safety,  any  Stove  Lid,  Frying  Pan,  Pie  Pan, 
Pot,  Kettle,  or  any  other  vessel  or  dish  used  about  a 
stove.  It  is  a  complete  tool  for  stretching  carpets, 
driving  tacks,  pulling  tacks,  &c,  &c.  It  answers  the 
double  purpose  of  hammer  and  pincers,  and  iB  also  a 
good  Nut  Cracker.  It  is  made  of  the  best  malleable 
iron,  and  the  Hammer,  Pincers  and  tack  puller,  are  all 
hardened  so  as  to  stand  the  roughest  usage.  An  Agent 
is  wanted  in  every  town  on  the  Pacific  Coast  to  sell  this 
valuable  little  implement.  Retail  price  fifty  cents. 
WIESTER  &  CO., 
17  New  Montgomery  street  (Grand  Hotel), 

San  Francisco. 


THE    CALIFORNIA 
Safety  Gas  Lamp. 

This  Now  Gas  Lamp  takes  the 
place  of  the  Caudle,  the  Coal  Oil 
Lamp  and  Coal  Gas,  and  costs  only 

One-Half  Cent  per  Hour. 

Any  person  who  will  take  the 
trouble  to  examine  this  Lamp  care- 
fully, will  see  that  it  will  not  ex- 
plode. 

The  fl  ime  is  as  wh  ite  and  brilliant 
as  coal  gas,  and  produces  neither 
Smoke  nor  Smell.    No  CIiimney  is 

REQUXRKD. 

It  makes  its  own  gas  as  fast  aB  it  is  required,  and  when 
the  light  is  blown  out  the  gas  ceases  to  be  generated. 
One  Burner  is  Equal  to  Six  Candles. 
This  Lamp  burns  Refined  Petroleum,  Gasoline,  Dan- 
forth"s  Oil  or  Taylor's  Safety  Fluid.  Oil  expressly  pre- 
pared for  the  Lamp  furnished  by  the  undersigned  in 
quantities  to  Buit.  WIESTER  &  CO., 

17  New  Montgomery  street,  Grand  Hotel,  S.  F. 

FAR.M1EKS  and.  MECHANICS 

Are  especially  invited  to  call  and  see  a  Model  of  the 

Self-Opening     and     Self-Closing     Gate, 

The  Simplest  and  Most  Practicable  now  in  use. 
— also  the — 

Verticle  and  Straight  Mould-Board  Plow, 

Which  is  Cheapor  of  Construction,  opens  its  furrow 

Wider  and  Cleaner,  and  with  20  per  cent. 

Less  Draft  than  ordinary  Plows 

of  the  same  cut. 

These  Plows  are  being  manufactured  TO  ORDER  by 
HILL  &  KNAUGH,  of  Marysville,  and  S.  CONRAD,  of 
Petaluma.    Rights  for  sale  by 

WIESTER  &  CO., 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


.BRYANT  *  STRATT0N     T— 5*  1 

INESS  COLLEGE^ 


2fr 

'SAN 


POST; 

franciscqS 


IS  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  SCHOOL  uF  TtiE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  instruction  is  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  Bending  for  Heald'b  Col- 
lege Journal. 

AddresB  E.  P.  HEALD, 

President  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 

3v3-eowbp 


.  H.  GORRLLL,  Prcs'fc. 


c.  n.  gorrill,  Sec'y. 


Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  Wooden  and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  specifications  furnished  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  sent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  stone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

Address  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

3v2-3m-eow  Oakland  Cal. 


PAINTING. 

HOTJSE     AND      SI6N. 

63~  Walls  Whitened  or  Tinted. 

E.    H.    &ADSBT, 

7v3.eombp  585  Marliet  street,  San  Francisco. 


March  23,  1872. j 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


189 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


0*g—ttMi-h  w  lJu  wy  tat**  hour  «m  r<tn  r* 


Shareholders'    Meeting  —  Office    of    the 

Kayli-  QnlektOm  Minnie  Company. 
In     ueordftooa    with    a  resolution    adopted,    at  * 
dm  tiog  of  the  Truta  Jck&Uver  Mining 

Company,  duly  held  on  Uu  Mtu  day  of  Karon.  1819,  a 
ipaaal  inaatlni  ol  tne  •tockboldero  ol  w»ni 

j  called,  to  be  held  at  the  office  « >r  1  ii>-  company, 
•     5.  No.  ;hj   Montgomery  itreet,  &an  Francisco, 
California,  on  Monday,  the  25th  d»y  of  March,  1872,  it 
oi  *  o'clock  i-.m  of  uld  day.  t"  1 

[m  in  Hi-   Board,  and  for  the 
trauMat-ttmi  of  men  other bualneaaas  t 

\vm    11    u -\  TOON,  v' 
■      ■  ■  .  1     ■ 

Kincaid  Flat   Mining  Company— Location 

of  work*,  Tuolamnc  >  toiuitj.  Btau  ol  '  hulforeta, 

' hat  ■(  .1  tneatuia  of  tho  Hoard  of 
I  1 1  Djf, held 00  the  liiii  daj  of  Kubrunry. 

iH'.i.  »u  a-t.  ■■-nmiit  of  tliri-w  dollar*  pur  share  wu  levied 
u|...»  the  capital  »tock  ->r  *aid  company,  payable  Immedl- 
ftteljr,  in  I  ""'■  y,  'i'  !"■■  "t<ic\ 

1  ranolaoo.  <  ;ii     An)   l  toi  >.  upon 
. Id  "ii  thi  181  h  aaj 
ol  March.  18711    thali  h»  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  bo 
itulj  aihi'rii"'-!  for  noln  at  public  auction,  and    unions  par - 
inontahii  fore,  will  be  sold  on    Monday,  toe 

Bth  day  of  april  1878,  to  p  lj  the  deHnqaentaaueainent, 
together  with  cost*  of  advurtising  and  oxporibca  of  sale 
My   order  of    tliu   Board  of  Troataea, 

B.  II.   OOBNELL,  s   , 
itmol.  San  Francisco.  U  J! -t.t 

Marcelina  Silver  Mining  Company. — Lo- 
cation ol  Works  Soroki  District,  Lander  County, 
Nevada. 

Notice  ui  hereby  given  that  at  n  meeting  of  the  Board 

of  Trustees  of  said  compan)  held  on  tho  eighth  d«y  of 

March,  1h7.',  uu  assessment  of  ten  cents  per  *harc  wan 

k'vi>-'i  open  the  capital  Btoolt  of  Bald  company,  payable 

tely,  In  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to 

■  tary.  :il   the  nluVu    nf  liu;    Company,  Huuin    'Jl, 

Hayward'a  Building,  M9 CaUfooola street,  Suu  Francisco. 
Any  stock  upon  which  Bald  assessment  shall  remain 
on  pa  d  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  April.  1872,  ahull  be 
(fa  'in'  -1  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  ehull  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  seventh  duy  of 
■i.i  r*i,topaythe  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advi  rtlslng  and  expenses  of  salo.  By  or- 
der Of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees. 

CUAS.  E.  ELLIOTT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  21.  Haywurd'h  Building,  4iy  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  maH9-:tw 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

injj  Company.— Location  of  Works;  Tayoltita,  bun  Dimus 

District,  Durangu.  Mi  xico. 

Notice  la  herehj  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  "i 
Tni-ii.'i'-  1.1'  N.ii.i  Company,  held  on  the  twelfth  daj  "i  May, 
lww.  an  assessment  of  two  dollars  per  share  was  levied  upon 
theatwe»i«ai.ile  euniud  st-nck  of  siiid  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  and  silver  com,  to  the  Sec- 
retary, E.  J.  Pf  oilier,  No.  210  Post  street,  or  to  tho  Treasu- 
rer, A.  Himmolmann,  No.  ©7  Washington  street,  San  Fran- 
( ■i-.-ii.  to  settle  ih"  indebtedness  of  the  said  Company. 

And  whorjoae  there  has  been  an  error  in  thoeaurso  of  pro- 

ccedinK^  for  1  he  enlleetion  of  said  ArfscHsmcnt,  by  reason  uf 

which,  as  provided  by  law,  all  previous  proceedings,  except 

the  levy  in  c  of  t  he  Assessment^  are  void,  and  pubhoat re~ 

mi i red  to  5e  begun  anew,  now,  therefore,  03  order  ol  t  lie 
Board  of  Trustees  of  aaid  Company,  at  a  mi  'line  1.1  -,.ui 
pprustees,  held  on  the  eighth  day  of  March,  1873  Bald  A  ness- 

ment  is  hu ruby  re-puhliahed,  and  notice  thercuf  given  as 
follows,  to  wit: 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

tng  Company. — Location  of  Works:  Tajoltita,  Snn  Dmuia 

District,  Duranyo.  Mexico. 

Notice  in  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Truateesof  said  Company,  held  on  the  l  «  elttb  .lav  of  May. 
1869,  an  assessmenji  of  two  dolluru  per  sharo  wafl  leviud  upon 
Mtblo  capital  sioek  of  naid  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, m  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Sec- 
retary, E.  J.  PfeiQer,  No.  JUI  Post  street,  or  to  tho  Treauu- 
ter,  A.   Himnndmanti,  No.  (hii  Washington  Mtrret,  San  t'ran- 

oisco,  to  sottle  the  inaebtedneas  of  the  said  Company. 

Any  stock  upou  which  said  us-essmmt  shall  roinuin  un- 
paid on  tho  fifteenth  day  of  April.  18,^,  shall  bo  deemed de- 
liniiuent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  nalo  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless paymenlshall  be  made  before,  "ill  be  sold 
on  Wednesday,  the  eighth  day  of  May,  lH7->,  to  pay  tho  de- 
linouent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  B&le.  By  order  of  I  be  Hoard  of  Trustees. 
E.  J.  Pl'KU'l'ER,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  210  Post,  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Piermont  District,  White  Pine 
county,  Nnvada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on 
tho  25th  day  of  January,  1872,  tho  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate,     No.  Shares.        Am't. 

Briggs,  Chas  A 15  6«:fii  $460  67 

Brig(£B,  Chas  A 47  111  88  80 

Flint.  Benj 6  1750  1400  00 

Flint,  Benj 27  2525  2020  00 

Flint.Benj 41  ol-t  G51  20 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 32  1500  7H3  3o 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 40  286  130  88 

Perkins,  Jas  E 4  1750  1400  00 

Perkins,  Jas  E 42  719  675  20 

Perkins.JasE 84  2025M  1C20  26 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  25th  day  of  January,  1872,  so 
many  Bhares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  nec- 
essary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
said  Company,  on  Saturday,  the  23d  day  of  March.  1872, 
at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  v.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  B»id 
delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  salo. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 
Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.       2w 

Pocahontas  Gold  Mining  Company — Lo- 
cation of  works,  Mud  Springs,  lil  Dorado  County,  State 
of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  2lith  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  Five  Dollars  per  share  waB  levied 
upon  the  cupital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  iminedi- 
ately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  tho  company,  Room  No.  i'6,  Hayward's  Building, 
No.  419  California  street,  Sun  Francisco,  California.  Any 
stock  Upon  which  said  usso-amont  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
Saturday,  the  6th  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  he  deemed  de- 
linquent, and  will  be  duly  ndverti^ed  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before  will  he 
sold  on  Monday,  the  6th  day  ot  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  coats  of  advertis- 
ing and  expenses  ol"  the  saie. 

D.  A.  JENNINGS,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  No.  26,  Hayward's   Building,  419  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
February  26,  1872. mar2-r>w 

Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Gompany— 

Location  of  works,  Suit  Springs  "Valley,  Calaveras  County, 

California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  tho  l.Ult  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  $6  dollars  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Cempany,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  Company,  No.  -IM  California  street,  up  stairs, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  asses  ment 
shall  remain  uupaid  on  the 26th  day  of  March,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at 
public  auction,  ana  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  16th  day  of  April,  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  coBts  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  F.  CRONISE,  Socretary. 

Office,  409  Oaliiornin,  street,  San  Francisco,  Oal.       fe24~td 


PACIFIC      BRIDGE      COMPANY 


ARE     PREPARED     TO     BUILD     ALL     KINDS     OF     WOODEN     BRIDGES     ON 

Smith's    Patent    Truss    Flan. 

These   Bridges  liave  been  thoroughly  tested  in  the  East  for  Three  Years,  and  wherever  tried  have  proved  superior    to    any    other 
Bridge  in  the  following  points: 

Being  built  of  wen.il  entirely,  they  are  not  affected  by  change  of  temperature. 

The  timber  used  is  placed  so  directly  in  the  line  of  strain,  that  less  material  is  required  to  support  the  same  load. 

It  is  not  perceptibly  affected  by  shrinkage.     It  is  the  most  Economical  Bridge  built.     It  is  adapted  to  any  practicable  Length  of  Span. 

Plans,  Specifications  and  Terms  will  be  sent  to  any  County,  Township  or  Person  wishing  to  build  a  Bridge,  and  no  charge  made  unless  the 
I'l  111  is  used.     For  all  Public  Bridges  the  Plan  will  always  be  open  to  competition. 

Smith's  celebrated  CAST  IKON  P1EK,  economical,  and  adapted  to  heavy  currents,  built  at  low  rates. 
C.  H.  GQRRILL,  Secretary.  W.     BE.     GORRILL,    President. 


P.  DAVIS'   WIRE   AND   PICKET    FENCE. 


Although  about  two  hundred  different,  styles  of  fences  have  been  invented  and  patented  in  the  United  States 
within  the  past  ten  years,  yet  this  Fence,  for  GENERAL  FARM  USE,  stands  at  the  head  of  the  list.  This  is  a 
Virginia  invention,  and  the  actual  cost  of  the  Fence  complete  in  that  State  is  lessthan  fifty  cents  per  rod.  Three 
men  can  put  up  six  hundred  yards  per  day.  Price  of  territory,  and  circular  with  full  description  of  fence,  sent 
on  application.  WIKhTJBR  «fe  <   O.. 

No.  17  New  Montgomery  street  (under  Grand  Ho(el) ,  San  Francisco. 


The  C-Spring    Roller   Skate. 

PATENTED    187 1. 


Rights  and  Skates  for  Sale. 

This  superior  Skate  Is  now  beginning  to  attract  the 
attention  of  Rink  Owners,  it  being  tho  only  Crumping 
Skate  now  before  the  public  (except  the  Ply mpton  Skate) 
that  can  run  without  infringing  a  former  patent. 

This  Skate  is  Positively  no  Infring-ement 
Of  anybody's  patent.  It  is  made  in  the  most  substantial 
and  workmanlike  manner,  and  possesses  the  following 
poiuts  of  merit:  Beauty,  Elasticity,  Ease  of  Movement, 
Strength,  Lightness,  and  does  not  injure  the  skating 
floor  as  much  oh  the  ordinary  skate. 

Every  pair  Warranted  to  be  just  what  it  is  represent- 
ed.    Parties  intending  to 

START    A    RINK1, 
Should  examine  and  test  this  Skate.     Sample  pairs  sent 
0.  O.  T>.  on  application. 
Pn  ordering  samples  state  the  number  of  boot  or  shoe 
worn,  and  whether  for  lady  or  gentleman. 

B&~  For  City,  County  or  Rink  RigbtB,  call  on  or  ad- 
dress  "WTESTER   &    CO., 

No.  17  New  Montgomery  street  {under  Grand  Hotel) , 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


stSir'  Mining  Tools 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBINE  WATER  WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-Saving  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stock  of  En- 
gineers', Miners',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 
Mill  Supplies. 

TREADWELL   &    CO., 
At  the      1      Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Sts., 
Old  Stand,  J                                          SAN  FRANCISCO. 
12v23-oow  


South  Gulch  Gravel  Mining  Company- 
Location  of  works:  BruBhville  Mining  District,  Cala- 
veras County,  California. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
seventh  day  of  February,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
f  oIIowb  : 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.    Amount. 

Geo. F.Sharp 1  200  $300 

W.H.N.  Cronise 2  200  300 

G.  B.    Merrill 3  00  90 

J.W.  Griswold 4  50  75 

J.  W.  Griswold,  Jr 5  100  160 

E.J. Griswold 6  50  75 

Geo.  W.  Merritt 7  50  76 

A,  C.  Wallop 8  60  75 

T.  F.  Cronise 10  140  210 

Mrs.  S.  L.  Griswold 11  60  75 

B  M.  Griswold 12  50  75 

Geo.  W.  Gilmore 13  60  75 

H    E.Watson U  50  75 

Walter    Roby 15  50  76 

J.H.  Brown 9  50  75 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  7th  day  of  February, 
1872,  so  many  BhareB  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  aB  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the 
office  of  the  Company,  409  California  Btreet,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  on  the  3d  day  of  April,  1872,  at  the  hour  of 
12  o'clock  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 

Office^ — 409  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
marl6-3t 


From   a  Lady   Inventor. 

Antioch,  Contra  Costa  county,  Cal.,  Fob.  29,  1872.- 
Mcssrs.  Dewey  &  Co.:  I  take  great  pleasure  in  acknowl- 
edging tho  receipt  of  letters  patent  for  dish-washing 
machine.  Please  accept  many  thanks  for  the  expe- 
ditious manner  in  which  you  have  done  the  business  I 
intrusted  to  you.  I  am  perfectly  satisfied  that  your 
firm  has  no  superiors  as  patent  solicitors  or  legal  ad- 
viserB  in  patent  matters  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

Catherine  Woodhuff. 


Miners  Using  Powder 

Containing  Nitroglycerine,  giving  off  deleterious  odors, 
should  read  tho  description,  in  the  Scientific  Pkess, 
August  6, 1871,  of  the  patented  proceBB  for  instantly  dis- 
pelling tho  noxious  gases ;  and  for  further  information 
address  Dr.  A.  Blatchley,  patentee,  at  Scientific  Piiebs 
Office,  8.  F.  8v24tf 


4*1  Oflfi  REWARD!  For  any  case  of  Blind, 
ppij  \J\J\J  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated  Piles  that 
DDe  Blnpf's  T*Ile  Reineciy  fails  to  cure.    It  is 

Erepared  expreesly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing  else,  and 
as  cured  cases  of  over  20  years  standing.  Sold  by  all 
Druggists.    Price  $1.00. 

O.S.  Richards  A  Co.,  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  Sansome 
streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  8v24-ly 


Spring   Mountain   Tunnel    Company,    Ely 

Mining  District.  Pioche,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  12th  day  of  March, 
1872.  an  assessment  of  fifteen  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  StateB  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  tho 
office  of  the  company.  Room  37.  Merchants'  Exchange,  Cali- 
fornia street,  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco,  California. 
Any  stock  upon  which  sanl  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  22d  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  mil  be  duly  advertised  for  side  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  wdl  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  13th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  M.  BUFFINGTON,  Secretary. 

Office.  Room'  37,  New  Merchant's  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco.  California.  iunr,C-td  - 

San  Francisco,  March  16,  1872. 

Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 
ing Company.— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  20th  day  of 
March,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Three  ($3.00)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  Btock  of  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany. No.  634  Washington  street.  San  Francisco,  Cal.  .Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  23d  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Tuesday,  the  I+th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  Bale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary- 
Office  634  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.   m23-4t 


J.     R.    ANDREWS, 

SUCCESSOR  TO 

F.  MANSELL  &  CO., 
House    and    Sign     Painters, 

412  PINE  STREET,    SAN   FRANCISCO, 
Three  doors  above  Montgomery  st. 


F.  MANSELL  still  superintends  the  Fancy  and  Orna. 
mental  Sign  Work. 


Country  Orders  Attended,  to 

With     Punctuality,     Cheapness     and     Dispatch, 
26v23-3m-hp 


190 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  23,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


BSTABLISHED    1S51. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

IKA    r.   BANKIjr.  A.  P.  BBAITON, 

GEO.  W.  t'OGQ,  superintendent. 

i^teamKn^ines  and  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  Other  clasBes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
■rices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

a&~  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Hpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HDNTOON'S  OELB- 
BKATED  PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  OODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

^TUA^IVX    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Flour    and.    @aw   Mills, 

Oayei'  Improved   Steam  Pump,  Brodle'a  Im- 
proved     Crusher,      Mining     Pumps, 
Amal|[amatori,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  Btroets,  above  How- 
atreet,  San  Francisco.  S-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission  Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say:—    . 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

aUARTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing   Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  ETERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  £  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MANUFAOTUBKR  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOE 

Praoy's     Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 

UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MAHUFAOTDBZBS  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Danbnr's  Patent  Self- Adl  us  tine  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets, 

RiriR  a  iii-»tii  Oitt 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN   FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manulacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  "Variety  of  Shafting, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  ■  i 
steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Pint  on    and    Con- 
necting Bods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 
and   Frames 

HAMMERED      IROIV 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

a®*  Orders  addressed  to  PACIb'10  ROLLING  MILL 
SJMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,will  celve 
prompt  attention 

49*  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vl43m 


ROOT'S   PATEIT   FORCE    BLAST   ROTARY   BLOWER 

MANUFACTURED    AT 

The  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton,  Cal. 

AWARDED    THE     FIKST     PREMIUM    AT    THE  PAEIS    EXPOSITION— PATENTED 
NOV.  1,  1864 ;  JULY  24,  1866 ;  AND  OCT.  9,  1866. 


Adapted 

ron 

Smelting, 

Foundry, 
Mining 


and 


Steamships. 


Requires 


50  Per  Cent. 


LESS   POWER 


Than    any    Blower 


Now  in  Use. 


One  of  these  Blowers  may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Garrott  &  Oo.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco;  Gould  &  Curry 
and  Savage  S,  M.  Co.'b,  Nevada;  and  at  C.  P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Caution.— Purchasers  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  to  the  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  partieB, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  the  requirements  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUAETZ,  SAW  AND  GEIST  MILL,  IRON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HORSE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OP  ALL  SIZES. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

4*mf  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

steam:  pumps. 

PIOKIKING'S 
Engine    Kegulators. 

GLFFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BABTOL'S 

STEAM    TRAP. 
Surface   Condenser's. 
DAVUTSTODDART, 

114  BE  ALE  STREET,  S.  F. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

F.  I.  CURRY  [late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


SOLE 
Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

N.      Shortest   Notice. 
7"  ^         All  kinds  of 

JOBBING- 

and 

Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    »ISI>OIV 

Iron  and  locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OP    WORKS  : 
Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  EngineB  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  hinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors i 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MKAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,  near  the  GaB  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &"BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDEKS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

FIrBt  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folaom,  San  Francisco. 
Machinery  and  Casting's  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marys-ville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysvillT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating-  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GEIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  e\  ery- 
thing  reojuied  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  tho  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
6v2±-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  125  First  street,  opposite  Minim, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  KirtDBof  Brass, Composition, Ztnc,  and  BabbittMcta 
Oastlugs,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  ship  and  Steamboat  Bells  and 
Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  klndsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
iraulic  flpes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
B&-  PRICES  MODERATE.  ~£t 
J.   H.  WEED'  V.  KINGVFELL, 


H.    J,    BOOTH    «&    OO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

{The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor,    First    ana    Mission    @ts„ 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 

iDg  and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part— made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  disj)ensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  siza. 

Irrigating-   Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.BOOTH,  GEO.W.PRESCOTT.  IRVING  M.SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Bcalo  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard 
San  Francisco. 

LlflllT  AND  I!  RAW  CASTISOS, 
of  every  description.  maDiifactnrod  24vl6qr 


SAM    FltASCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANTTFACTUIlEna   OF   ALL  KINDS   OF 

Machine  Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts, 

13  and  IB  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


Machinery. 


N.  Seiberfs  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  tho  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  bo  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  tho  oil  by  valvo  J*  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  tho  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rod"  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rinL-s  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  1, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valvo  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street.  S.  F.      24v23tf 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANTjrACTUBEItS    OP 


WOOD-WORKING  IMACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 
Philadelphia. 


«y  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v23-ly 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
BOILER.     MAKER8 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  st,  between  Fremont  and  Boale,  San  Francises. 


March  23,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS; 


191 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  I    nneasee  and  Minnesota 

btn-^Uf,  Sa.n  I 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  wimtititl  equal  to  DOW. 
UMIMU  A.\l>  MOWKK  HK( OTOHS,  U.IBS 
1MB  RMV1X  COMPLETE. 

at  a  wiving  of  50  per  cent.     Order*  tom  lli'J  country 

promptly  ttfc  u.lwl  to.  Brlfl-by 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 

nrrxiiii1  hon  lofore  1  al  1 

Coaries  W.  Baodall  and  J.  Qua.  Burt,  under  tbfl  ton 

11  .It  h  '  ".."  bi  tbi*  da]  1 
by  mutii»l  .■'-ni«  iit.    A    I  i.;>vinK  purchased 

all  tbfl   Hit-  t.  ||    Of    Oil    ' 

i  Dufactunng  and  N-IHng  Diamond  UrilU, 

■ab9lt.ro.  under  the  atylaol  v  fcOo. 

Dated  San  Franclaco,  Nov.  M, 

.    Lrc  t.      \     1    SEVERANCE, 

CHAfi  b.  rakdaix. 
33-tS3-U  J.  OUB.  in  BT. 


THEODORE    KALLENBERG, 

MACHIIMST, 

andKakurofU  Dtora.    All  kinds  of  Dl<», 

SUnipH  und  I'uu.  !.•  ,  all  klll<I»  o[ 

Small  OtaraOnt. 

Repairing  dune  on  vi  ry  Bouonable  Terms  and  In  tho 

it,    No.  83  Pn  mont  itreet,  s.  v.      I9v23  3m 


ATM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    WORKS, 
318  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folaomj 

SAN   lKANTlSCO. 

LO<  0.M0TIV  1  :.    «  •  \  u. 
And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon    - 
Order  und  Warranted. 
8v94-3m 


<    v  i„i>\\  TEI^L'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Mannfii.tuml  at  tbfl  CYCLOPS  M.U'HLNE  WORKS.  113 
an    lib  Beale  street,  Ban  FranciBco. 
BrM*3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 


JOS.    THORNHILL, 
Itrlcklayer    and    Contractor. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  binds  of  Fire  Work, 
jn  1,  u  BoUere,  Furnaces,  Ovens.  Grates,  Ranges,  oto. 

Order*  left  with  C.  W.  Wbxtb,  17  Clay  street,  JOS. 
KBORNBILL,  1012  Mason  street,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  24v2l-3in 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  n  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  100  feet  high,  aud  to  a  mm  h  better  ad 
vantage  than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

0.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placcrville,  Cal. 

AGISTS  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Sledge*,     II 11  turner*,    Stone    Cutler**,    Black 

arattbV  and  Hor«e-Sh«>er»'  Tooln. 

13  and  lu  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
lOvUqr 


SHEET    IRON    PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  tho  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  OAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  bond  Wheels  bored  und  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  i;.j  ■  ■-.. 

8£?~  All  kiudB  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     AND     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Gorratt's  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.W,  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  6v23-8m 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM    PUMPS. 

WHAT    IS    SAID    BY    THOSE   WHO   USE   THEM. 


SALEM.  Oregon,  January  16th,  1872. 
MEMOS.  BKRUY.t  PLACE.  San  FraneiM.-o— Gentlemen:  Inanswrrtoyourquor*  rc»;«nlinj;  th«  workIn«of  llio  large  Blake 
Steam  Pump,  our  company  purchased  of  you,  wo  would  aay  tn  all  aincerity  tbat  the  pump  hai  exemtcd  our  mprtialiom. 
Unas  been  In  uso  tUOC  i  tabW,  IB7l(  and  has  tool  far  Riven  tho  most  perfect  satisfaction.  It  does  itavrork 

with  case,  does  not  g«t  out  of  order,  and  nqulrei  bal  littl«  or  ao  attention  to  run  it.   It  is  siiuu,  durjlBU,  and  rmv 
ive  found  it  ontireli  satisfactory  and  just  the  pump  ta  aafry  rmptd  needod  for  our  work. 
You*,  rofpeotfalljr.  W.  P.  BOOTHY,  ProaM  Balen  Water  Works. 

1'IHKMX  MINK.  Napa  County.  January  16th,  1872. 
1   I  '-in  Francisco— Gentleman    Tho  No.  w,  Hlakti   Mt-am  I'mnp  wk.  Km^M  of  you  last  fall  is 

.ire  haviHKalai.  tend  «  ith  during  Huh  stormy  weather;  tuil  tti-    pump 

throws  it  all  out  of  tliu  main  fhaft  (ItU  feet  deep)  with  perfect  cn»i',  and  is  only  working  from  >M  to  HO  strokes  a  minute. 
It  is  a  complete  pump  and  DO  mistake.  Wo  are  well  ntieOed  with  ltd  worlanft  and  if  you  wtsli  to  use  the  name  of  our 
company,  as  a  reference,  you  are  at  liberty  to  do  so.    Very  rosp'tly.  GEO.    l-'KI,I,o\\'S,  Bupt.  Phamix  Quicksilver  M.  Co. 

OFFICE  BTABR  MILLS,  VALLEJO,  Cal.,  January  13th,  1872. 
M;      u  BJ  BE  -       I  1   k<  ■  I  ■  Gentlemen:  Wb  are  ploaaed  to  ehita  that  the  Wo.  3  Blafcft  Pqmp  pnrohasnfl 

of  you.  lias  constantly  fupplied  our  throo  boileni  for  tho  past  yoar,  with  water  beat   to  above  boiling  point  with  one  of 
1 :  [t  lias  k-iviii  u-  no  tmublu  nor  cjik'usc,  and  has  in  fact  fully  come  up  to  your  recommenda- 

tion* Yours.  Etc,  STARR  BltuS.  4  CAMPBELL. 

OFFICE  S.J.  WOOLEN  CO,. SAN  JOSE,  January  29th,  1872. 
iil.KKY  A  I'l.Ai'i;.  Sun  Pranelaoo— 1  lentlemen;  We  bare  oaed  a  No,  ii  Blake  Steam  Pump  now  for  about  tiro 

years,  both  a*  a  Tank  Pump  and  as  a  Fire  Pump  in  cue  of  need:  and  it.  has  given  excellent  satisfaction,  fttaifetuln 
t*<ry  rt  |  Very  [CBpflOtfutly,  B,  F.  PKCK1IAM.  1'ros't  San  Jose  Woolen  Co. 

BELMONT,  Cal.,  February  6th.  1872, 
TliKADWIXI,  ,t  en.  -  GenUenun:    In   reply  to  your  Inquiry  OpnOOBlinS  tho  largo  Blako  Steam  Pump,  pur- 
chased of  Berry  >t  Place,  by  Mr.  Ralston,  I  will  say,  that  it  uives  hntiuk  tatUfaetliM,  even  Working  as   it  now  is,  where  no 

other  Pomp  could;  for  It  la  ai  pi  etmt  tix  :■-■■         '  iter,  yet  it  does  ito  vork  pebpectlt. 

Yours,  Etc.,  J.  K.  BUTLER,  Sup).  Water  Works  and  Engineer  at  W.  C.  Ratston's. 


BLAKE'S  PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

These  Pumps  have  boon  tested,  and  found  to  be  Indisputably  without  an  equal  wherever  tried.  They  have  been  sold 
in  tlm  PaoiUe  St  iles  now  lor  lurirly  tliri'i:  i  QarB,  and  we  :irc  willing  even  one  in  use  may  be  referred  to;  every  Pump  w  ill 
.[..     1.  for  Iteolf.     I  hej  are  constructed  in  the  nmst  simple  style,  mid  built    in   tin-  must  tliorongh  manner— especially  cal- 

ulati-d  for  llmplieity,  durability  and  power.     Sumo  of  tlis  nd\itnUii;fS  ol  the  Bin ki- Pump  miiy  be  summed  up  &.■>  follown: 


It  is  positive  under  any  pres- 
sure. Maybe  run  slow  or  last 
as  may  be  desired.  Will  di*- 
charve  more  water  tlian  any 
Otben  of  tbe  a  une  dimensions, 
lias  no  leaky  joints,  tliu  St.  urn 
part    In-inK  cast  in  one  entire 

piece,   The  steam  valve  is  por- 

iii.i  ly  balanced,  is  cushioned  nt. 
eacb  end.  und  slides  with  the 
greatest   facility  havtrtffno  '■•<m., 

lu iip'-j-  rotary  arrangement* 

to  1/.  I  out  of  order.  Will  start  at 
any  pointof  the  stroke. aud  will 
discharge  all  the  water  of  con- 
densation. Tho  Pump  lias  no 
crank  or  fly-wheel,  thereby  sav- 
ing a  considerable  item  of  ex- 
pense to  tbe  purchaser.   H:«Vi|l| 

no  dead  nofnfe,  Itthereroreneedi 

no  watcbinK,  and  is  consequent- 
ly ready  to  start  «  ithout  OBinn 
B  Starting  bur  or  any  hand  work 
whatever.  The  Blako  Pump  is 
extensivelj  used  on  Railroads 
und  Steamboats,  in  Hotels;  for 
Moohauics'  Institute,  San  F: 


Hand  Power 


alining  ued  Firepurpoaea;  in 
Breweries,  Tanneries,  SuRiir 
Houses,  I'actorics.  Mills,  Laun- 
dries, and  as  Boiler  Feeders, 
whereversteam  is  employed.  In 
fact,  wherever  wuter  or  other 
liquids  are  desired  to  be  rained 
in  1 . ■  1  ■  ■  or  small  quantities,  or 
Otfuinst  heavy  or  licht  prossure. 
it  is  tho  cheapest  and  best 
Pump  that  can  he  used.  It  is 
ollcred  to  the  public  as  the 
most  perfect  independent  steam 
Pump  ever  invented.  Forty 
different  sizes  are  made,  cupa- 
ble  of  throwing  from  1,000  to 
200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and 
adapted  to  any  cIufs  of  work 
that  may  be  required.  Every 
pump  will  bs  warranted  to  per- 
form the  work  required  of  it  by 
the  purchaser,  or  it  may  be  re- 
turned and  the  money  will  lie 
cheerfully  reiunded.  The  Blake 
Pump  was  awarded  a  silver 
Medal  at  the   exhibition  of  the 


ifico,  and  State  Fair  at  Sacramento,  as  being  the  best  steam  Pump  on  exhibition.    The 

eni>  Inn"  rmeutly  uu|i..rtei1  srverul  of  I  be  liir^  st -sized  1Mimr.11,'  Pumps  lor  water  wovks,  and  deep  mines,  and  Will  be 
pleased  to  refer  parties  to  I  hem;  we  claim  fur  it,  that  it  is  the  mi  is  t  si  mi  do  and  durable,  and  consequently  the  best  Steam 
Pump  ever  built  For  Bale  by  TREADWELL  &  CO.,  Machinery'  Depot,  old  stand,  corner  of  Market  and  Fremont 
streets,  San  Francisco,  who  will  be  pleased  to  send  circulars  to  any  address,  or  show  its  advantages  to  parties  calling  on 
them. 


It  has  no  Cams  or  Rotary  Complex  Valves.    It  has  stood  the  test  wherever  tested. 

IT    IS    SIMPLE,     COMPACT,  DUEABLE,    AND    POWEKFUL. 

J^F^Miumfactured  by  Geo.  F.  Clnke  &  Co.,  Boston,  -who  build  and  have  on  hand  a  larger  variety 
of  Steam  Pumps  than  any  other  concern  in  the  country,  embracing  forty  different  sizes,  and 
capable  of  throwing  from  1,001)  to  200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and  adapted  to  every  description  of 
work  required.    tSPSend  for  circular  and  prices. 

The  largest  stocl;  in  the  country  at  the  Machinery  'Warehouse  of 

TREADWELL    &    GO., 

Manufacturers'   Agents,   comer  Market   and  Front  Streets,   San   Francisco. 

"*  EE^3  Machinery  Depot  for  Miners,  Millmen,  and  Engineers'  Supplies.  Iron  and  "VVootl  Ma- 
chinery; Portable  Engines;  Mills;  Machinists'  and  Mechanics',  Miners' and  Farmers' Tools; 
Sturtevant's  Blowers,  Turbine  Waterwhcels,  Etc.,  Etc. 

'        fiv21-eowbp _^__*_^_ 


Extract     from      Official     Report     ol*    xVIoclianics*     Institute     Fair     of     San 

Francisco,     I  SCI. 

"  In  the  foregoing  trials  it  nppearH  that  the  most  efficient  Pump  on  exhibition  is  the  KNOWLES.  The  work- 
manship on  this  Pump  is  also  very  good.  We  would  therefore  recommend  that  this  Pump  receive  a  Silver  Medal. 
(Diploma  awarded) .    Signed  by  the  Committee  : 

H.  B.  ANGELL, 
MELVILLE  ATWOOD." 


Ilv3-awbp 


G.  W.  DICKIE, 
CHAS.  It.  STEIGEK, 


W.  EPPELSHEIMEK, 


FISHER'S 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AMD 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 

Cheapest  and    Best 

llydranlic  Machine 

in  use. 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 


MA0HIHE8 

Manufactured 

TO  0EDEE, 

to    throw   from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

ST  RE  A  ]Vr. 


The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protectB  his  patrons, 
9v2S-tf  Address  F.  H.  FISHEK,  Nevada,  Cal. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE- 1  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, selliuc  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  k 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hoskin,  as  the  same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participatiug 
in  such  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


To  Coal   Operators,  Miners  and  Railroad  Corporations. 

ITOUK    ATTENTION    IS    INVITED    TO 

THE     GRICE     &     LONG     LOCOMOTIVE     WORKS, 

1340    Beach    Street,    Philadelphia,    Perm. 

Patentees  and  Builders  of  Mining  and  other  Locomotives  ; 

ffp-  Also,  Patent  Traction  Engines  for  Suburban  and  NARROW  GAUGE  Roatls,  Furnaces,  Quarries,  Contractors, 
Etc.  Now  extensively  introduced  and  indorsed  by  many  ol  the  Largest  Goal  Operations  and  Furnaces  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  elsowhere — and  adapted  for  gauges  of  two  feet  and  over,  und  weighing  from  (our  to  nine  tons. 

Messrs.  G.  &  L.  were  tho  PATENTEES  AND  BUILDERS  of  the  FIRST  COLLIERY  LOCOMOTIVE  introduced 
into  the  Mining  District  of  Pennsylvania.  » 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULAR   AND   PHOTOGRAPHS. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS.  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MEBCHAlVrS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  all  ktndi  of  Orel,  and  particular  attentlof 

PAID  TO 

l'U,\Nie.\  M  EJ'TH  OP  GOO  ltd. 

tTlMm 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

4£1    M..iilu"nnri'y   Si,  I||>  atitlra, 

Porticnlnr  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores, 
Mint-nils,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  MLiu-ral  Waters, 
Bolls,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  inn  reenvu  theoretical  and  practi. 
cal  instruction  in  Arsaylng,  Annlybis,  or  any  particula: 
brunch  of  Chemistry  at  Ihu  luboratory.         *  llv'21-3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  U,  8.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

A-Ntsayei*  and  Metnllinrg^icn- 

CHEMIST, 
No.    Ol  1     Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.  3.  Branch  Mint* 

San  Francisco,  Cax.  7v21-3n: 


NEVADA  METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

ltioTii:  A    I.KkimtLT, 

Ores    Crnnbed,   Sampled    ami     Aaftiiyed. 

Having  added  PanB,  Assay  office  and  Chlorinatlon  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
muke  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarrauteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  26v21-Jm 

J.   W.   THURMAN, 

(SuccesBor  to  S.  "W.  Howland  &  Co..) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRAINX'ISCO. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

ALL  OEDEItS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHOBTEST  NOTICE.  5v21-(im 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    513    CALIFORNIA.    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisoo. 

J.   A.   MARS,   Assayer. 
8^~  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v2C- 


Q.  W.  BTRONO. 


W.  L.  BTKONG 


G.   W.   STRONG   &.   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  StevenBon  Street,  near  First,  San  Fhanoisco 

We  purchaBO  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 

PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Etc, 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOB, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pi"-chftsed.  22vl8 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPOETEKS    OP    AND    DEALEES    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
513;and  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FBANCISCO. 

Wo  would  call  tho  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  oi 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

— AND— 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  theBe  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  BalnnceB — L.  OertlingB,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  k  Sons.  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Bulances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  FurnaceB — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  MuffleB,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Pcorifi- 
erB,  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
A6say  Crucibles,  Hessian  'or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assaycrs*  Hard- 
ware   a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chenii 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Boras,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper.  Quicksilver,  and  nil  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
B^~  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

GrammeB,  will  be  sent  upon  application, 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO.. 


192 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  23,  1872. 


United  States  Inteenal  Revenue,  Deputy 
Collector's  Office,  4th  Distkict,  Cali- 
fornia.—Nevada,  March.  10,  1872.— Messrs. 
Dewey  &  Co.— Gents  :  Your  letter,  together 
with  our  patent,  was  duly  received;  and  for 
the  successful  prosecution  of  our  claims  at 
the  Patent  Office,  and  prompt  attention  to 
the  business,  please  accept  our  hearty  thanks. 
Truly  yours,  Kolfe  &  Rogers. 

The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  1860,  this  weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  bo 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  Summary  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  U.  S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incorporations,  Share  Mar- 
ket, Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  (■with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit- 
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THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDER,  J±  INTO.    S    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BANK     BLA.9TING,      COA.L      MINES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUOH    "WORK    WHERE    THE    ROCK    19    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

Price-    SO  Cents  per    Pound. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  Yery  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN",  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.    210  Front  Street. 


A.    NEW    BOOK. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and 
Metallurgists'  Companion. 

Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Va- 
rious   Departments    of    Exploration, 
Mining,  Engineering,  Assaying, 
and  Metallurgy. 
Containing  640  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 
BY  J".  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Of   San  Francieco,  a  Practical  Operator  for  Thirty-four 

Years;  Explorer,  and  Resident  in  the  Pacific  States 

and  Territories  for  tUe  past  Sis  Years. 

PRICE,  bound  in  cloth,  $10  (in  coin  or  its  equivalent) . 
In  leather,  $12 .  Postage,  60  cents  extra.  Address  all 
orders  (wholesale  or  retail)  to 

DEWEY   &   CO., 
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Opinions  of  the  Press. 

Practical  Mining  Literature. — The  -want  of  sound 
scientific  knowledge  has  been  much  felt  by  the  miners 
employed  in  developing  the  vast  mineral  resources  of 
the  western  regions  of  the  United  States,  and  for  thiB 
want  the  work  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, will  prove  an  excellent  remedy.  The  book  is 
written  expressly  for  the  minerB  in  the  districts  men- 
tioned. *  *  *  It  is  not  intended  as  a  scientific  work, 
but  to  facilitate  practical  operations  upon  scientific 
principles.  This  object  the  book  is  well  calculated  to 
obtain,  and  its  value  is  much  enhanced  bythe  principle 
which  Mr.  Phillips  has  adopted  of  including  only  those 
processes  which  can  easily  be  carried  out  by  practical 
men  unused  to  the  delicate  manipulation  necessary  in 
the  laboratory  of  th«»  praotisi  d  chemiBt.  The  work  will 
undoubtedly  obtain  a  large  number  of  readers. —  [Lon- 
don Mining  Journal. 

The  most  practical  and  comprehensive  work  on  min- 
ing subjects  extant. — [Scientific  Press. 

Besides  so  many  new  facts  and  the  large  amount  of 
useful  knowledge  derived  through  these  official  sources 
( Geological  SurveyB) ,  the  miniDg  public  are  likely  to  find 
in  the  recently  published  work  of  J.  S.  Phillips,  a  valu- 
able teacher  and  assistant.  This  book,  which  treats  in 
an  intelligent  and  practical  way  on  almost  every  topic 
connected  with  mining  pursuits,  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  every  millman,  metallurgist,  prospector  and  miner 
on  the  Pacific  Coast.  Even  the  capitalist,  and,  in  fact, 
every  person  already  engaged  in,  or  likely  to  bpcome  in- 
terested in  the  business  of  ruining,  will  find  in  this 
comprehensive  work  an  amount  of  information  that 
they  cannot  afford  to  dispense  with. —  [S.F. Commercial 
Herald. 

*  *  He  has  rendered  to  the  leading  industry  of  the 
Coast  a  valuable  service — has  furnished  the  millman 
and  miner  a  safe  and  much  needed  practical  guide — 
having  earned  for  himself,  all  things  considered,  the 
credit  of  producing  one  of  the  most  useful  works  ever 
issued  from  the  press  of  San  Francisco.— [Overland 
Monthly. 

A  PnospECTon's  Manual.—  *  *  *  Each  branch  is 
treated  with  clear  style  and  full  information.  There 
are  no  words  without  ideas,  and  no  ideas  without  prac- 
tical value.  Prospectors  may  imagine  that  they  do  not 
need  to  6ttidy  bookB  like  thiB ;  but  we  tell  them  that 
those  who  prefer  to  remain  ignorant  will,  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years,  be  superceded  by  others  who  will  learn 
a  few  fundamental  principles.  The  book  is  free  from 
trash,  and  solid  throughout;  all  its  matter  iB  intelligible 
to  men  of  ordinary  education,  and  all  of  it  is  valuable  to 
miners.— S.  F.  Daily  Alta,  Dec.  24th. 

A  Valuable  Work—  *  *  We  know  of  no  work  on 
these  subjects  in  the  English  language  at  once  so  com- 
prehensive, practical  and  intelligible. — [S  .F.  Golden  Era. 

Practical  Mining  and  Metallurgy. —  *  *  In  the 
several  sections  the  work  is  eminently  practical.  *  * 
The  work  is  very  compreheiiBive,  and  contains  a  great 
deal  of  useful  information  which  cannot  be  obtained 
from  the  previous  books  that  have  been  written  on 
these  subjects, — [9.  F.  Daily  Examiner. 

*  *  It  appears  to  be  an  excellent  work,  and  must 
prove  of  great  use.—  [S.  F.  Daily  Call. 

*  *  Besides  that,  there  is  much  actual  knowledge  to 
be  gained  from  a  perusal  of  this  volume,  and  in  this  re- 
spect alone  it  will  he  a  valuable  assistant  to  those  en- 
gaged actively  in  mining.[— S.  F.  Chronicle. 

*  *  It  is  a  plain,  but  comprehensive  digest  of  min- 
ing matters  generally.  It  affords  a  vast  quantity  of  in- 
formation as  to  the  appearance  and  value  of  different 

ores.— [S.  F.  News  Letter. 


Rubber 

and 

Oak -Tanned 

Leather 

New  Stock,  just  in;  Pawtucket  manufacture;  stand- 
ard quality— warranted  the  best.  Come  and  see  and  get 
prices,  or  give  it  a  trial. 

TREADWELL   &    CO., 
12v23-eow     Market,  cor.  Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


PLUMBAG0_CRUCIBLES. 

MORGAN'S    CELEBRATED     PLUMBAGO     CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  30) ,  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  low  to  close  consignment. 
Ilv24-tf         A.  S.  HALLIDIE,  519  Front  street,  S.  P. 


EICHAED  H.   STRETCH,  ;Civil  Engineer, 
City    and   County    Surveyor. 

Office— Room  10,  City  Hall.  Ilv23-3m 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

March    lOtli,     lSyS- 

San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


4.35  PM 
4.10  P Mi 
5.35  pm 

8.25  pmi 
8.43  p  mi 
10.45 


7.35 

7.50  a  Ml 

8.35  am 
11.28  am 
11.5(1  AM 

1.45  PM 


Arrive  from  West. 


San  Francisco- 

Oakland 

—  San  Jose . 

Niles 

Lathrop 

Stockton  

—  Sacramento  ... 


Arrive  from  East. 


1.30  pm 
8.00  pm 
8.30  p  M 
7.05  p  M 
4.43  PM 
4.07  P  M 
2.20  p  M 
Leave  go 


Leave  going  South 

J    3.00pm 

4.40pm 

|     5.30pm 

Arrive  from  North. 


San  Francisco  &  San  Jose. 


•2.20  P  M 
1.50  p  M 
2.10  pm 

12.45  P  M 
9.45  p  M 
9.07  PM 
7.15  am 
ug  West. 


-.San  Francisco,, 

..Niles 

..San  Jose 


Arrive  from  South 

10.40  am] 

8.35am  : 

7.-0am| 

Leave  going  *orth 


Stockton,  Lathrop  &  Merced. 


Leave  going  South 

17.35  PM 
8.25  p  M 
9.45  PM 
12.15  am 
Arrive  from  North 


. .  .Stockton,. 
...Lathrop... 
...Modesto... 
. .  .Merced. . . 


Arrive  from  South 

10.20  AMI 

9.30  am  *8.20PM 
8.13am  6.45pm 
5.45  am|     3.30  PM 

Leave  going  North 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  Og-clen. 


Leave  going  tast 
2.00  p  n 


.00  pm Sacramento, 

5.40  P  m  .   .  .Colfax 10.20  a  m 

1.00am  ....Reno 2.10am 

9.10am "Wlnnemucca 4.15pm 

12.00  m      — Battle  Mountain  1.25  pm 

4.40pm  ....Elko 8.45AM 

6.20am  ....Ogden 5.20pm 

Arrive  from  "West.  Leavo  going  West. 

Sacramento,  Marysville    &  Red  Blnff. 


Leave  going  North  i 


2.35  pm 
3.25  pm 
5.I5PM 
8.35  pm 
9.30  p  Mf 
Arrive  from  South 


*S.45a 

10. '25  A  M 
1.50  pm 
8.00  pm 


...Sacramento  ... 

...Junction 

..  .Murysville 

...Tehama 

...Rod  BlulT 


Arrive  from  North 


1.05 


PM 

12.15  pm 
103  am 

6.50  am 

6  00  AM 

going  South 


h4.45pm 
8.25  r  m 
12.00  M 
5.30  A  m 


San   Francisco,   Vallejo    &   Calistoga. 

Leave  going  Northi  I  Arrive  from  North 

*4.00  p  Mj     7.30  am...  .San  Francisco. .      8.00  i*  Mi*11.30  A  M 

6.30 p M     9.30  A  mL . . . Vallejo 6.05  fm     9.30 A M 

7.18pm    10.40am  ....Nupa 4.50pm     8.30am 

6.50  pmI    1.00  pm    ...Calistoga 3.00  pm|    7.00  am 

Arrive  from  South|  |Leave  going  South 

San  Francisco,  Vallejo  &  Knig-ht's  Landing. 

Leave  going  East.  Arrive  from  East. 

I7.30AMI  M.OOpm  ....Sun  Francisco..  "11.30  ami  ?8.00pn 

9.35  a  m      6.35  P  m  ....  Vallejo 9.30  a  m      6.05  P  M 

12.05  pm    10.10  pm    ...Davis 6.40  a  m      3.3"FM 

I.OOpmI  1145pm Knight's  Land'g     5.00am|    2.30  pm 

Arrive  from  West.  Leave  going  West. 

San  Francisco  &  Healdsburg:. 

I Arrive  from  North. 
"11.00  am 
6.45  A  M 
...    8.20  AM 

6.00pm.  ....  Santa  Rosa 7.30  a  m 

6.45  P.M   Ilealdsburg 6.45  a  m 


*7.10am 

8.20  am 

9  45am 
10.20  am 
Arrive  from  South 


.'i.-i'l  I'M 

5.00  I'M 

3.3(1  P  M 

._      2.00  F  M 

'Leave  going  South 


Stockton,   Milton   &   Oak  Dale 


Leave  goini;  South 

1*11. 25am 

11.52AM 

12.42  pm 

I     1.3-2  pm 


. .  .Stockton 

...O.P.R.R.  Depot. 

...Peters 

. .  .Milton 


Arrive  from  North  I 


Arrive  from  South 

*4.25PM| 

3.52  P  M 

3.02  pm  

2.12  P  mI 


CAL.  P.  R.  R.  CO.'S  STEAMtRS. 


M.0Op__ 

6.00  P  M 
7.00  PM 


2.00  AM 
Arrive  from  West. 


..San  Francisco. 

.."Vallejo 

.  .Benicia 

.  .Stockton 

.Sacramento  ... 


Arrive  from  East. 
■8.00  p  m 
6.oo  r  m 
5.00  r  m 


12.00  M. 
Leave  going  West. 


Explanation. 

For  trains  running  "from"  San  Francisco,  take  tho  left 
hand  columns  and  read  downwards. 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  hand  columns  and  rt'ail  iij>wiii-ds,_ 

OAKLAND~~BRaNCH.-JJe,\vk_San  Francisco,  7  00, 
810,  9  2. 1010  and  11  20  a.  in..  12  10,1  50,300,  I  00,  5  15,630,  8  ti 
9.20  and  Ml  30  p.m.    (9  20.  11  2d  and  ;KHl  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  BruOklvn,  *5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  in. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5  40,  fi  50,  8  00,  9  10.10  00,  and  1110  a. 
m..  1200,  1  40.  2  50.  :i  50.  5  05.  6  20,  7-50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.- Leave  San  Francisco.  7  20,  9  HO. 
and  II 15  a.  m..  1  30,  4  00,  530.  and  7  Ou  p.  m.  (7  20,  11  15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  H^vwakds,  "4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  in. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  j5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  11  20  a.  m„  1  30, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 

"  Sundays  excepted.       t  Sundays  only. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 


Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Tickot  Agt. 


Gen'l  Snpt. 


FREEMAN'S    GRAIN    SEPARATOR. 

THE 

BEST 

PATENT 

SEPARATOR 

MADE. 

I  "will  guar- 
antee it  to  Ex- 
cel any  other 
Machine  ex- 
tant in  sepa- 
rating Grain 
from  all  kinds 
o  f  Foreign 
Seeds.  It  will 
separate  per- 
fectly the  different  qualities  of  Grains,  producing  pure 
Seed.  It  is  in  every  way  a  Practical  and  Successful  Cal- 
ifornia Machine.  It  has  proven  successful  over  all 
other  Machines  on  trial,  and  has  taken  two  First  Premi- 
ums at  the  Petaluma  Fair.  Machines  and  State  and 
County  Rights  for  sale  by  W.  D.  FREEMAN, 

Tomales,  Marin  county, Cal. 
Send  for  Circulars, 

P.  S.— The  right  to  use  my  superior  Patent  Pod  Screen 

will  be  sold  at  reasonable  prices  to  owners  of  Threshers. 

4v3-2m-eowbp 


Important    to    Miners. 

FREX'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  address 
WATERS  &  CO.,  Assaycrs,  A-gents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24-3m 


Pubchasebs  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Peess. 


W.  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO- 

O  I  T  Y 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Priction  or  Babbet  Metal 

C  A.JST1N  GS, 

Chtirch  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN  AND   .AND  DELLS,  GONU8, 

FIRE    ENGINES,  FORGE  AND    LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  "Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizeB, 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work,  Manufac- 
turer  of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

(^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER  and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GAJIBATT,  JAMES   HTLLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPATJXDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MA2TOFAOTUltER   OP 

SPAUL  DING'S* 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi. 
cal  Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTIOK 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
KAWIIIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  EOTEK,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 


Hubbard,    Lippincott,    Bakewell   &    Co., 


MINUTE1  ACXURERS. 

J.  E.  Emerson's  New  Patent  Flange  Toothed  Circular 
Saws,  are  superceding  all  others. 

Crosby's-  Patent  Gang  Saw  Buckle;  Lippencott  <£ 
I'tUllc's  Patent  Cross  Cut  Saws;  Gang  Saws;  and  all  o 
the  celebrated  brands  of  SAWS  formerly  manufactured 
by  both  Hubbard  Bbo.  &  Co.  and  Lippencott  &  Co. 

Also,  SHOVELS,  AXES  AND  SPADES. 

All  orders  from  the  Pacific  Coast  will  receive  special 
attention  and  be  forwarded  with  dispatch. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  furnish  our  Goods 
at  the 

Lowest  Market  Prices, 

And  all  Warranted  of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY. 

US"  For  Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Price  Lists  addreBB 

HUBBARD,  LLPPENCOTT,  BAKEWELL  &  CO., 
mall-16p-tf  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


MAGAZINES. 

P. -In. 

W.  E.  L00MIS, 

$4  00 

3  00 

5  00 

6  00 

15  00 

New  York  Ledger 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

SIT  PLIES   ALL 

Harper's  Weekly.... 

London  Society 

All  the  Year  Round. . 
London  111.  News.     .. 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BT  THE 
Year,  Month,  or   Number. 

MINING    BUREAU 


■ — OF  THE— 


Pacific  Coast. 


Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Oonsnlate  of  France. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Buildiog),  Room  32,  Tbirdfloor. 

J.  BERTON,  President. 
E.  P.  Hutchins,  secretary. 

N.  B. — Application  for  Registry*  ^r  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  he  mado  to  the  Secre- 
tary, San  FranciBco  office. 


BY    X>EWK"V    Sc    CO. 

Patent    Solicitors. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  30,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

dumber    13. 


The  Dank'8  Rotary  Puddling  Furnace. 

It  will  doubtless  be  interesting  to  moat  <>f  out 
readers  to  learn  the  progress  which  is  being 
made  in  introducing  this  important  invention 
into  practical  use.  Nine  of  these  furnaces  are 
iu  operation  at  the  Cincinnati  Railway  Iron 
Works,  and  the  tenth  is  now  about  ready  to  go 
into  operation.  No  other  puddling  furnaces 
are  now  used  at  these  works.  There  are  also 
nine  at  work  at  the  Hoane  Iron  Works,  Chat- 
tauoooga,  Tenn.  Four  furnaces  have  been 
completed  at  the  Indianopolis  Rolling  Mills, 
Indiana,  and  six  others  are  in  process  of  erec- 
tion. A  single  furnace  is  at  work  near  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  This  makes  the  number  already 
erected,  thirty-nine.  There  are  may  others 
in  operations,  of  which  we  have  seen  no 
notice. 

The  general  opinion  of  practical  men  in  this 
country,  is  that  the  machine  is  a  decided  success. 
Thus  far,  however,  no  other  class  of  finished 
work  has  been  turned  out  from  iron  puddled 
by  this  furnance,  except  railroad  iron;  and  of 
course  the  doubt  exists  tharpossibly  iron  pud- 
dled in  the  Dank's  rotary  may  not  be  sufficient- 
ly pure  for  general  purposes.  But  in  answer 
to  this  we  have  the  report  of  experiments  made 
by  the  English  commission,  at  the  Cincinnati 
works,  where  the  English  and  Welsh  speci- 
mens of  iron,  (several  tons)  brought  over  for 
the  purpose,  were  puddled  and  rolled  into  va- 
rious small  sections,  plates  and  sheets,  as 
sample  tests  of  the  purity  of  the  production. 
These  experiments  were  pronunced  by  the 
commission  as  perfectly  satisfactory. 

The  royalty  paid  per  ton  for  the  use  of  the 
furnace  in  this  country  is  said  to  be  one  dollar 
per  ton  for  puddled  bar.  But  the  English 
commission  in  their  report,  state  that  they 
arranged  with  Mr.  Danks  that  the  royalty  to  be 
paid  in  Great  Britain  shall  not  exceed  fifty 
cents.  If  such  is  the  case  it  is  probable  that 
the  inventor  will  reduce  his  American  to  a  sim- 
ilar figure. 


Solid    Emery    Wheels. 

Among  the  specialties  of  manufacture 
•which  have  hardly  as  yet  found  their  w  ay 
to  the  Pacific  Coast,  is  that  of  solid  emery 
wheels  and  emery  grinding  machinery. 
In  this  specialty  none  have  done  so  much 
to  develop  the  new  industry,  and  to  bring 
it  before  tho  public  as  the  Tauite  Company 
of  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  Co.  Pa.  This 
company  having  taken  up  the  manufacture 
of  solid  emery  wheels,  spent  some  years 


a  careful  study,  they  are  able  in  every  case 
to  send  just  such  goods  as  are  suited  to 
the  work  on  hand.  In  the  steel  plow 
factories  of  Illinois  and  the  West;  the 
stove  foundries  of  Albany,  Troy,  Peeks- 
kill,  Pittsburgh,  Detroit,  Philadelphia 
and  Scranton — among  the  agricultural  im- 
plement makers  all  over  the  United  States 
— and  in  a  large  number  of  the  sawmill 
and  wood-working  shops  of  the  country, 
these  goods  are  justly  celebrated,  and   in- 


A  New  Blasting  Powder. 

A  new  blasting  agent,  called  the  Miners' 
Patent  Safety  Powder,  is  just  coming  into 
notice.  It  is  said  to  be  very  effective 
and,  at  the  same  time,  to  possess  the  merit 
of  being  cheap.  One  great  advantage 
claimed  for  it,  lies  in  the  fact  that  it  is  free 
from  any  unpleasant  odor.  A  series  of  ex- 
periments have  lately  been  made  to  test 
its  efficiency,  and,  according  to  the  Ne- 
vada Transcript,  100  tons  of  rock  was 
blasted  out  at  an  expense  of  $2.70.  An- 
other blast  threw  out  60  tons  at  a  cost  of 
$2.60,  a  second  quality  of  powder  being 
used.  A  hole  11  inches  deep  was  drilled 
in  the  bottom  of  a  tunnel  above  the  Dart- 
mouth mine,  and  a  3-ounce  cartridge  used. 
The  rock  was  penetrated  by  the  explosion 
12  inches  below  the  bottom  of  the  hole 
made  by  the  drill.  The  powder  is  made 
of  different  grades,  numbering  from  1  to  6. 
The  experiments  made  are  said  to  have 
been  successful,  and  the  absence  of  any 
disagreeable  or  unhealthy  odor,  without 
taking  into  account  superiority  of  power, 
will  do  much  towards  introducing  it  into 
general  use. 

Professor  Sii/liman  delivered  a  highly 
interesting  lecture  on  the  "  Scientific 
man,"  last  week,  before  the  members  of 
the  City  College. 


EMERY    WHEELS. 


in  bringing  their  manufacture  to  perfeo" 
tion.  They  are  the  originators  and  in- 
ventors of  Tanite,  and  the  only  company 
in  the  world  which  employs  for  any  object 
the  processes  which  they  have  by  years  of 
patient  application,  and  by  the  employ- 
ment of  the  greatest  mechanical  and 
chemical  skill,  at  last  fully  developed. 

Eecently  they  have  erected  a  machine 
shop;  and  giving  up  the  contract  system, 
under  which  they  had,  for  some  years, 
been  putting  emery  grinding  machinery  of 
their  own  designing  and  patenting  in  the 
market,  they  have  began  the  direct  manu  - 
facture  of  their  own  celebrated  goods. 
Dealing  directly,  as  they  do,  with  all  the 
principal  manufacturers  of  every  kind  in 
the  country,  and  making  the  application  of 
solid  wheels  and  the  incidental  machinery 


which  are  calculated  to  affect  the  health 
by  the  inhalation  of  noxious  or  poisonous 
dust.  We  believe  that  these,  and  other 
facts,  which  we  have  no  room  to  state, 
show  clearly  the  great  superiority  of  these 
goods,  and  entitle  them  to  be  ranked 
among  the  great  labor-saving  tools  of  the 
day. 

The  illustration  herewith  presented 
represents  two  of  these  wheels,  in  position 
for  use.  They  are  made  of  various  faces 
— square,  beveled,  round,  etc.,  according 
to  the  work  for  which  they  are  desired. 

The  cutting  qualities  of  the  Tanite 
wheels  are  said  to  be  so  great  they  will  do 
more  work  in  a  given  time  than  any  other 
wheel.  The  grain  of  emery  in  these 
wheels  are  not  surrounded  with  a  gummy 
subtance,  as  in  the  vulcanite  wheels;  nor 
are  they  embedded  in  a  stony  mass,  as  in 
the  wheels  made  by  the  various  processes 
in  which  soluble  glass— the  silicates  of 
soda  and  potash,  etc.,  etc. — are  used;  but 
they  are  so  blended  with  the  Tanite  that 
the  two  substances  wear  off  evenly  to- 
gether, and  a  constant  succession  of  fresh 
cutting  surface  is  exposed. 


Geological  Kepoet.— A  bill  has  been 
introduced  in  the  Assembly  by  Mr.  Pende- 
gast  providing  that  100  copies  of  the  Geo- 
logical Report  be  placed  in  the  Secretary  of 
State's  office,  subject  to  order  of  the  Gov- 
ernor, to  be  distributed  to  the  libraries, 
colleges,  and  institues  of  learning  in  the 
United  States,  and  100  copies  to  be  sent 
to  similar  institutions  in  Europe.  It  also 
provides  that  one  copy  of  the  work  shall 
be  kept  by  each  county  clerk  throughout 
the  State,  so  as  to  be  accessible  to  any 
citizen.  We  hope  that  this  measure  will 
pass,  as  now  it  is  rather  difficult  for  per- 
sons not  having  access  to  a  public  library, 
or  means  to  buy,  to  examine  the  report. 
The  report  should  be  placed  where  it  may 
be  subject  to  the  inspection  of  all,  so  as  to 
assist  in  disseminating  a  knowledge  of  the 
resources  our  State  to  those  most  inter- 
ested in  her  welfare. 


eluded  among  the  indispensables  of  the 
business. 

The  solid  emery  wheel  is  to  the  file  what 
the  circular  saw  is  to  the  hand  saw.  It  is 
a  rotary  file,  whose  points,  which  never 
grow  dull,  are  as  hard  as  adamant.  While 
the  file,  with  slow  motion,  moves  with 
rasping  cut  on  the  metal,  say  60  feet  per 
minute  at  the  most,  the  Tanite  Emery 
Wheel  is  moving  5,500  feet  per  minute, 
and  every  touch  cuts! 

Every  Tanite  wheel  is  tested  before  it 
leaves  the  factory,  at  a  speed  about  double 
that  at  which  it  should  be  tun.  Every 
wheel  is  of  uniform  density,  and  perfectly 
centered  and  true.  These  Tanite  wheels 
are  entirely  devoid  of  any  offensive  smell 
— they  generate  less  heat  than  some  other 
wheels,  and  they  contain  no  ingredients 


Utah  Mining  Bureau. — An  association 
has  been  lately  incorporated,  known  as  the 
"American  Bureau  of  Mining  Informa- 
tion for  Utah."  The  organization  is  in- 
tended to  foster  legitimate  and  discoun- 
tenance fraudulent  mining  enterprises. 
The  objects  are  to  gather  reliable  informa- 
tion and  statistics  relating  to  mineral  lo- 
cations and  mining  property  throughout 
Utah,  their  extent,  development,  value, 
etc.;  keep  a  record  of  leading  mines;  furnish 
information;  advance  legitimate  enter- 
prises, etc.  Mines  are  to  be  registered  and 
bulletins  distributed  at  business  centers 
in  this  country  and  Europe.  E.  M.  Bar- 
num,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  is  Secretary. 

Education  of  Miners. — At  a  recent 
council  meeting  of  the  Miners'  Association 
of  Cornwall,  it  was  announced  that  eleven 
classes  were  now  in  active  operation  in  as 
many  mining  centers,  teaching  chemistry, 
mineralogy  and  geology  to  upwards  of  a 
hundred  miners.  Of  this  measure  we 
cannot  speak  too  highly. 


194 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  30,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Quartz  in  Tuolumne  County. 

Editoks  Pkess:— The  Mount  Jefferson 
mine  is  owned  by  San  Francisco  capitalists, 
and  is  being  worked  on  a  large  scale.  A 
few  years  since  a  large  amount  of  gold  was 
taken  from  the  mine  with  horse  power, 
but  at  reaching  water  level,  the  expense 
was  found  to  tbe  too  heavy;  work  was 
stopped  until  recently,  when  a  fine  steam 
hoisting  works  was  erected,  a  shaft  sunk 
170  feet  and  two  levels  run  with  winzes  for 
air  and  stoping  facilities.  All  about  the 
premises  have  the  air  of  activity  and  thrift. 
Connected  with  the  property  is  a  10-stamp 
steam  mill  and  chlorination  works  in  oper- 
ation; the  mill  reducing  about  500  tons  of 
ore  per  month,  while  the  sulphurets  are 
saved,exceedingly  clean  and  cheaply  by  a 
riffle  invented  by  the  superintendent,  Mr. 
Lewis,  who  is  a  part  owner  in  the  prop- 
erty.   The 

Rutherford  Mine 

On  the  same  lode  or  vein  is  being  opened, 
and  ore  shipped  two  miles  to  mill  for  re- 
duction. This  vein  extends  a  long  distance 
as  shown  by  development  on  and  near  the 
surface,  and  at  the  depth  of  170  feet,  with 
over  1,000  feet  of  drifts  as  seen  in  the  Mt. 
Jefferson  claim,  gives  evidence  of  one  of 
the  largest  deposits  of  ore  in  the  State,  the 
vein  being  from  4  feet  to  22  feet  wide. 

Farming  interests  in  the  county  were 
never  better  than  now ;  large  tracts  of  land 
being  cultured;  grain  looking  well,  so  far 
as  up,  with  prospect  of  fine  crops. 

L.  Ii. 


Utah  Ores. 

By  Prof.  B.  Sh-ltaun. 

The  ores  of  the  mines  thus  far  opened  in 
the  Wahsatch  Mountains  are  largely  com- 
posed of  species  resulting  from  the  oxida- 
tion of  sulphides,  especially  galenite  and 
antimonial  galena,  with  some  salts  of  zinc 
and  copper,  all  containing  silver  and  rarely 
a  little  gold.  Iron  and  maganese  ochers 
occur  in  considerable  quantity  in  some  of 
them;  but  the  process  of  oxidation  has  pre- 
vailed very  extensively,  so  that  the  och- 
raceous  character  of  the  ores  is  the  strik- 
ing feature  of  most  of  the  mines  in  this 
range. 

The  great  chamber  of  the  Emma  Mine, 
which  is  an  ovoidal  cavity  measuring,  so 
far  as  explored,  about  110  feet  vertical  by 
about  80  by  110  feet  transverse,  was  found 
to  be  filled  almost  exclusively  with  epigene 
species,  the  product  of  oxidation  of  sul- 
phides, and  capable  of  removal  without 
the  aid  of  gunpowder  for  the  most  part. 
The  study  of  this  mass  reveals  the  inter- 
esting fact  that  it  is  very  largely  composed 
of  metallic  oxides,  with  but  oomparatively 
small  proportions  of  carbonates  and  sul- 
phates. Fortunately  I  am  able  to  present 
an*  analysis  of  an  avrrage  sample  of  about 
82  tons  of  first-class  ore  from  the  Emma 
Mine,  made  by  James  P.  Merry  of  Swan- 
sea, April,  1871  which  is  as  follows,  viz. 

Silica 40.90  Silver 0.48 

Lead 34.14  Alumina 0.35 

Sulphur 2.37  Magnesia 0.25 

Antimony 2.28  Lime 0.72 

Copper 0.83  Carbonic  Acid 1.50 

Zinc 2.92  

Manganese 0.15  90.42 

Iron 3,54  Oxygen  and  water 

by  diff'e.,  9.58 

100.00 
The   quantity   of   silver   obtained   from 
this  lot  of  ore  was  156  troy  ounces   to   the 
gross  ton  of  2,240  pounds. 

This  analysis  sheds  important  light  on 
the  chemical  history  of  this  remarkable 
metallic  deposit,  and  will  aid  us  in  the 
study  of  the  paragenesis  of  the  derived 
species.  It  is  pretty  certain  that  all  the 
heavy  metals  have  existed  originally  as 
sulphides,  and  we  may,  therefore,  state 
the  analysis  thus,  allowing  8.52  sulphur  to 
convert  the  heavy  metals  to  this  state. 

Silica 40.90 

Metallic  sulphides * 52.60 

Al  '35,  Mg  .25,  Ca  -72,  Mu2,  Mn  .20 1.52 

95.02 

Water,  carbonic  acid  and  loss 4.95 

This  calculation  assumes  that  the  sulphides  are  as 
follows,  viz: 

Galenite 38.69 

Stibnite 3.30 

Bornite 1  03 

Sphalerite    (blende) 3.62 

Pyrite  5  42 

Argentite 0.54=52.60 

*  There  exists  generally  among  the  mining  population 
of  the  central  territories  of  the  United  States  a  distinc- 
tion between  horn  silver  and  cliloride  of  silver,  an  error 
arising,  as  I  am  persuaded,  from  supposing  the  ochra- 
ceous  ores  to  be  chlorides  not  so  perfectly  developed  as 
to  be  seetile. 


This  statement  excludes  the  presence  of 
any  other  gangue  than  silica,  and  consid- 
ering that  the  ores  exist  in  limestone,  the 
almost  total  absence  of  lime  in  the  compo- 
sition of  the  average  mass  is  certainly  re- 
markable. The  amount  of  silica  found  is 
noticeable,  since  quartz  is  not  seen  as  such 
in  this  great  ore  chamber,  nor  so  far  as  I 
could  find,  in  otherparts  of  the  mine.  The 
silica  can  have  existed  in  chemical  combi- 
nation only  in  the  most  inconsiderable 
quantity,  since  the  bases  with  which  it 
could  have  combined  are  present  to  the 
extent  of  less  than  IX  per  cent,  nor  do  we 
find  in  the  mine  any  noticeable  quantity 
of  kaolin  or  lithomarge,  resulting  from  the 
decomposition  of  silicates,  nor  are  there 
any  f  eldspathic  minerals.  It  is  most  prob- 
able that  the  silica  existed  in  a  state  of  mi- 
nute subdivision  diffused  in  the  sulphides 
as  I  have  seen  it  in  some  of  the  unchanged 
silver  ores  of  Lion  Hill  in  the  Oquirrh 
range. 

The  absence  of  chlorine  and  of  phos- 
phoric acid  in  the  analysis  corresponds 
well  with  absence  of  the  species  cerargyrite 
and  pyromorplnte,  of  which  no  trace  could 
be  found  by  the  most  careful  search  among 
the  contents  of  the  mine.  The  miners 
speak  of  the  "chlorides,"  and  the  unscien- 
tific observers  have  repeated  the  statement 
that  silver  chloride  is  found  in  the  Emma 
Mine,  but  the  ores  indicated  to  me  as  such 
are  chiefly  antimonic  ochers.* 

The  general  (perhaps  total)  absence  of 
the  phosphates  of  lead  in  the  Wahsatch 
and  Oquirrh  Mountains,  so  far  as  explored, 
is  a  striking  peculiarity  of  the  mineralogy 
of  these  ranges.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
absence  of  chlorine  in  the  mines  of  the 
two  Cottonwoods  and  the  American  Fork 
is  in  striking  contrast  with  the  constant 
occurrence  of  cerargyrite  (horn  silver)  in 
the  Oquirrh  and  also  in  the  southern  ex- 
tension of  the  Wahsatch.  I  have  sought 
in  vain  for  a  trace  of  this  species  in  the 
districts  of  the  Wahsatch  just  named,  and 
the  occurrence  of  pyromorphite  is  extreme- 
ly doubtful. 

Molybdic  acid,  however,  exists  pretty  uni- 
formly disseminated  in  the  mines  of  the 
Wahsatch;  in  the  form  of  wulfenite.  Al- 
though it  occurs  in  minute  quantity,  it  is 
rarely  absent,  and  may  be  regarded  as  a 
mineralogical  characteristic  of  the  districts 
of  the  two  Cottonwoods  and  of  the  Ameri- 
can Fork.  For  this  reason  a  few  particu- 
lars will  be  in  place  here. 

Wulfenite  is  found  associated  with  cala- 
mine, (Smithsonite) ,  cerusite,  malachite, 
azurite  and  more  rarely  alone  in  little  cav- 
ities in  the  ochraceous  ores.  In  the  "Em- 
ma Mine,"  vugs,  or  geodes,  are  occasion- 
ally found  lined  with  botryoidal,  apple- 
green  calamine,  rarely  crystallized,  often 
brownish  and  sometimes  colorless,  but  in- 
variably associated  with  wulfenite.  The 
calamine  encloses  and  covers  the  crystals 
of  wulfenite,  which  form  a  lining  of  con- 
siderable thickness.  The  wulfenite  is  in 
thin  tubular  crystals  of  a  yellow  color,  re- 
sembling the  Carinthian  variety  of  this 
species.  The  crystals  are  very  brilliant 
and  perfect,  but  quite  minute,  rarely  two 
or  three  millimeters  in  width,  and  not 
over  1mm.  in  thickness,  often  less.  They 
are  quite  abundant  in-  this  association,  no 
piece  of  the  calamine  which  I  have  seen 
being  without  them.  They  sometimes, 
but  rarely,  penetrate  through  the  globules 
of  the  calamine  so  as  to  show  themselves 
on  the  upper  surface  of  that  species.  But 
the  oalamine  has  obviously  formed  botry- 
oidal masses  around  the  wulfenite,  a  crys- 
tal of  this  species  being  often  seen  form- 
ing the  nucleus  of  the  calamine  globules. 

These  facts  are  of  interest  in  the  para- 
genesis of  these  epigene  species.  The 
oder  of  production  has  obviously  been, 
first  the  cerusite  resting  on  ochraceous 
iron,  manganese,  and  other  metallic  oxides; 
next,  the  wulfenite  crystals  were  deposited 
upon  and  among  the  crystals  of  cerusite, 
and  lastly  came  the  calamine,  crystalline 
at  first,  and  as  it  accumulated  becoming 
fibrous  and  amorphous,  completely  enclos- 
ing and  capping  the  other  species. 

Wulfenite  occurs  also  in  this  mine,  as 
likewise  in  the  "Flagstaff,"  the  "Savage," 
and  "Robert  Emmet,"  without  the  cala- 
mine, but  never,  as  far  as  observed,  with- 
out cerusite  and  other  carbonates.  In  the 
"Savage,"  masses  of  cerusite  with  various 
oxides  are  interpenetrated  by  the  tabular 
crystals  of  wulfenite. 

Although  wulfenite  formsa  very  minute 
factor  of  the  entire  ore  mass  in  these 
mines,  by  the  law  of  mineral  association 
it  may  be  considered  as  the  characteristic 
species  of  the  ores  of  these  districts,  occur- 
ing  in  the  magnesian  limestones.  So  far 
as  I  am  informed,  or  have  observed,  wul- 
fenite has  not  been  hitherto  found  in  any 
of  the  other  mining  districts  of  Utah;  but 
by  the  same  law,  it  may  be  reasonably 
looked  for  whenever  deposits  of  epigene 
minerals  are  explored  in  the  same  geologi- 


cal and  mineralogical  relations  in  the  Wah- 
satch range  of  mountains. 

The  oxiding  and  desulphurizing  agency 
which  has  acted  upon  the  great  ore  mass 
of  the  Emma  mine,  whatever  it  was,  has 
performed  its  work  with  remarkable  thor- 
oughness. A  careful  study  of  its  action  dis- 
closes some  other  facts  of  interest  in  the  par- 
agenesis  of  species.  From  the  appearance 
of  numerous  large  blocks  of  ore  forming 
solid  boulders  in  the  general  mass,  a  con- 
centric arrangement  is  easily  recognized. 
On  breaking  these  masses  across,  the  fresh 
fractures  disclose  a  dark  center  which  con- 
sists almost  entirely  of  decomposed  sul- 
phides, composed  chiefly  of  cerusite  black- 
ened by  argentite  and  metallic  silver  in 
pulverulent  form.  This  dark  center, 
chiefly  of  cerusite,  is  often  pseudomorph 
of  galenite  in  its  fracture.  Next  is  usually 
a  zone  of  yellowish  and  orange  yellow  an- 
timonial ochre,  cervantite,  often  quite  pul- 
verulent, at  times  only  staining  the  ceru- 
site; then  follows  a  narrow  zone  of  green 
and  blue  copper  salts,  malachite,  azurite, 
cupreous  anglesite,  with,  rarely,  wulfenite ; 
then  follows  cerusite,  sometimes  stained 
with  antimony  ochre,  and  not  unfrequent- 
ly  associated  with  wulfenite;  outside  all 
are  the  iron  and  manganese  ochres.  This 
concentric  arrangement  I  have  observed 
in  a  great  number  of  cases;  and  the  above 
order  of  species,  while  not  invariable,  is 
believed  to  reflect  accurately  the  general 
arrangement.  Well  crystallized  species, 
as  mineralogical  specimens,  are  rare  in 
this  great  mass,  but  the  following  may  be 
recognized  as  its  chief  components. 

Galenite,  sphalerite,  pyrite,  jamesonite 
(?),  argentite,  stephanite,  boulangerite(?), 
antimonial,  galenite,  cervantite,  mimetite(?) 
limonite,  wad,  kaolin,  lithomarge,  cerusite, 
anglesite,  linarite,  wulfenite,  azurite,  ma- 
lachite, smitksiuite.  Those  most  abundant 
or  best  crystallized  are  in  italics.  This 
list  can  no  doubt  be  extended  as  opportu- 
nity occurs  for  the  more  careful  study  of 
the  ores,  the  great  mass  of  which,  amount- 
ing to  many  thousand  tons,  have  gone 
into  commerce  without  passing  under  any 
mineralogical  eye. 

In  a  subsequent  paper  will  be  presented 
some  remarks  upon  the  Oquirrh  range  and 
some  of  its  ores,  and  notices  of  minerals 
from  other  districts  of  Utah. 

New  Haven,  January,  1872. 


The  Gold  of  the  Black  Hills. 

The  reported  discovery  of  gold  in  the 
Black  Hills  is  attracting  much  attention 
throughout  the  West,  and  if  the  statements 
in  regard  to  the  matter  prove  to  be  as  well 
founded  as  they  seem,  the  discovery  will 
be  one  of  great  national  importance.  For 
several  months  past  the  Indians  and  whites 
connected  with  Spotted  Tail's  tribe  of 
Sioux  have  shown  rich  specimens  of  gold- 
bearing  quartz,  but  until  a  very  recent 
date  they  have  persistently  refused  to  make 
known  the  exact  locality  where  it  was  ob- 
tained. At  different  times  adventurous 
frontiersmen  have  penetrated  this  almost 
wholly  unknown  region,  and  have  brought 
back  specimens  of  gold  that  certainly  left 
no  doubt  of  the  existence  of  the  precious 
metals  in  paying  quantities.  In  J.  Boss 
Browne's  Report  it  is  stated  that  the  ex- 
plorations of  Lieut.  G.  K.  Warren,  in  1847, 
and  of  Capt.  W.  F.  Beynolds,  in  1859-60, 
under  direction  of  the  United  States  To- 
pographical Office,  satisfactorily  establish- 
ed the  fact  that  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota 
Territory,  were  rich  in  gold  and  silver,  as 
well  as  coal,  iron,  copper,  and  pine  forests. 
The  report  further  says:  "  The  area  occu- 
pied by  the  Black  Hills,  as  delineated  on  a 
map  which  accompanied  Lieut.  Warren's 
report,  is  6,000  square  miles,  or  about  the 
surface  of  Connecticut.  Their  bases  are 
elevated  from  2,500  to  3,500  feet,  and  the 
highest  peaks  are  about  6,700  feet  above 
the  ocean  level.  The  whole  geological 
range  of  rocks,  from  the  granite  and  meta- 
morphosed azoie  to  the  cretaceous  forma- 
tions of  the  surrounding  plains,  are  devel- 
oped by  the  upheaval  of  the  mountain 
mass.  Thus  at  the  junction  of  the  silurian 
rocks,  gold  becomes  accessible,  while  the 
carboniferous  strata  brings  coal  measures 
within  reach."  "  With  the  pacification  of 
the  Sioux  Indians,  and  the  establishment 
of  emigrant  roads,  this  district  of  Dakota 
would  doubtless  be  the  scene  of  great 
mining  excitement,  as  the  gold-fields  of 
the  Black  Hills  are  accessible  at  a  distance 
of  120  miles  from  the  Missouri  Biver." 

As  far  back  as  1867,  the  people  of  Dakota 
were  firm  in  the  belief  that  the  Black  Hills 
were  rich  in  gold  and  other  minerals.  In 
the  year  named,  an  expedition  was  organ- 
ized by  B.  M.  Smith,  for  the  purpose  of 
exploring  that  region,  but  the  Govern- 
ment, instead  of  furnishing  an  escort  of 
cavalry,  as  was  expected,  ordered  it  to 
disband.    In  1868,  Capt.  P.  B.  Davey  of 


Minnesota  started  a  similar  scheme,  but 
the  Government  again  refused  to  allow  an 
expedition  of  that  kind  to  enter  the  Indian 
country. 

Last  season  a  party  of  men,  having  the 
same  object  in  view,  proposed  to  explore 
the  Big  Horn  Biver,  but  were  compelled 
to  disband  for  the  same  reason.  About  a 
year  ago  Spotted  Tail,  the  nominal  head  of 
a  tribe  of  peaceful  Sioux,  was  prevailed 
upon  to  ask  for  the  removal  of  his  agency 
from  the  Missouri  Biver  back  into  the  in- 
terior about  200  miles.  The  movement 
was  considered  a  very  strange  one  at  the 
time,  and  it  has  since  come  to  light  that 
money  and  presents  were  freely  used,  the 
prime  object  sought  for  being  the  opening 
of  this  region  for  mining  purposes.  Spot- 
ted tail  soon  found  that  he  had  been  de- 
ceived, and,  taking  a  large  portion  of  his 
followers,  moved  into  the  Platte  Valley,/ 
where  he  has  since  remained,  leaving  the 
reservation  in  possession  of  a  large  party 
of  white  and  half  breed  adventurers.  It  is 
now  generally  believed  that  the  Govern- 
ment will  throw  no  further  obstacles  in 
the  way  of  any  expedition  exploring  this 
region,  and  unless  scientific  explorations, 
dating  back  for  years,  and  present  indica- 
tions are  wholly  at  fault,  gold  fields  of  ex- 
traordinary richness  would  reward  such 
an  enterprise. — N".  Y.  Tribune. 


Lead, 

The  production  of  pig  lead  on  this  coast 
has  been  considerable  during  the  past  year 
or  two, and  is  likely  to  be  steadily  increased. 
The  imports  of  foreign  pig  lead  at  New 
York  for  1871  were  516,900  pigs  or  about 
the  same  average  for  the  two  previous 
years.  It  is  well  known  that  important 
lead  mines  exist  in  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Illi- 
nois and  other  Western  States.  The  decon- 
nial  shipments  from  the  Upper  Mississippi 
mines  since  January  1,  1821,  have  been  as 
follows: 

Pigs,         Tons. 

From  1821  to  1831 664,118  23,244 

From  1831  to  1841 1,591 ,960  55,718 

From  1841  to  1851 6,170.857  216,979 

From  1851  to  1861 4,609,553  161,334 

From  1861  to  1871 2,419,985  84.700 

The  increase  for  the  first  30  years  was 
immense.  Since  1851  there  has  been  a 
steady  decrease.  The  diminished  produc- 
tion, we  are  assured,  has  not  been  the  re- 
sult of  an  exhausted  condition  of  the 
mines,  but  is  due  to  the  refusal  of  owners 
to  have  them  worked.  It  is  estimated  that 
our  importations  of  foreign  lead  last  year 
cost  us  $4,000,000.  During  the  past  22  years 
there  was  imported  at  New  York  alone  up- 
wards of  77,000,000  pigs  lead,  equal  to 
350,000  pigs  per  annum.  It  is  said  that  a 
pig  of  foreign  lead  is  fully  equal  to  two 
pigs  of  American.  With  the  immense 
quantity  of  lead  in  this  country  it  is  singu- 
lar that  we  should  send  from  $3,000,000  to 
$4,000,000  gold  coin  every  year  out  of  the 
country  to  pay  for  foreign  lead.  We  are 
not  only  able  to  supply  the  home  demand, 
but  ought  to  be  large  exporters.  We  are 
glad  to  know  that  the  manufacture  of  pig 
lead  is  attracting  increased  attention  in 
this  city  and  throughout  this  coast. 


New  Discoveries. — The  excitement  re- 
garding the  new  discoveries  made  in  the 
north  part  of  White  Pine  mining  district, 
and  about  one  mile  from  the  city  limits,  is 
unabated.  Rich  specimens  of  ore  are  on 
exhibition  from  the  Silver  Plate  mine, 
showing  as  rich  as  any  ore  ever  found  in 
the  district.  This  mine  is  in  a  formation 
of  slate  and  limestone,  with  well-defined 
foot  and  hanging  walls,  showing  a  ledge 
4%  to  6  feet  wide.  In  every  foot  made 
ahead  the  ore  improves.  The  mine  ha3 
been  self-sustaining  since  operations  first 
commenced.  The  ore  at  first  was  of  a  low 
grade,  and  from  several  crushings  made  of 
ore  obtained  in  sinking,  the  owners  real- 
ized about  $2  per  day — hardly  enough  to 
pay  the  expenses  of  provisions  and  tools. 
A  few  days  ago  the  ore-body  changed  in 
character  and  gradually  increased  in  grade, 
now  showing  a  body  of  ore  that  will  work 
$150  per  ton  at  the  mill.  Six  men  are 
employed  at  present,  and  about  10  tons  of 
ore  are  extracted  daily.  There  are  three 
owners  in  the  location.  Adjoining  this 
location  is  the  Silver  Owl  Company.  The 
location  is  600  feet  in  length — owned  by 
Wm.N.  Osborne  and  others.  The  com-  ' 
pany  is  sinking  a  shaft  on  the  ledge  in  ore 
of  the  same  character  as  the  Silver  Plate 
worked  in  at  the  same  depth.  The  pros- 
pects for  finding  rich  ore  at  a  greater 
depth  are  good.  Next  adjoining  is  the 
Silver  Central,  recently  located.  The  own- 
ers are  sanguine  of  finding  a  deposit  of  ore 
equal  to  the  Silver  Plate.  A  force  of  men 
will  be  put  on  immediately.—  White  Pine 
News.        

Mechanics,  write  for  your  paper. 


March  30,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


195 


ECHANICAL 


Progress. 


Metal  for  Bearings. 

The  following  alio;  bos  been  found  to  give 
highly  satisfactory  results  (or  plammer  blocks, 
axles,  brasses,  etc.  To  30  parte  of  melted  eop- 
|mt  un-  added 70 parte  of  antimony;  the  mixture 
is  melted  and  run  out  into  thin  plates.  These 
jir.-  then  re-melted  with  tin  in  the  proportion 
of  ixi  parts  t»f  mi  to  l"  parts  of  the  cop- 
per and  antimony,  and  run  ont  again 
int. i  thin  plates.  When  used  it  is  re- 
melted,  and  run  into  the  fono  required.  M. 
Yolk,  of  Begensburgbi  nas  employed  an  alloy 
which  the  following  are  the 
compos  nt. ;  an- 

timony, 11.3  per  cent.;  and  tin,  83.2  per  cent, 
employs  the  following  mixtures  to  pro- 
duce metals  for  various  purposes. 

For  -tide  v»lv«s^ 

<    •ti[»-r 81.9  percent. 

Tin I*J8      •' 

BUM  3.3        " 

10U.I) 
or 

L'opper 67.0 

Old  br*M  tuboi K.U 

Tin 10  2        " 

For  pump  buret*,  stop-coclu,  and  valve-boi»s: 

Copper 87.7        " 

Zinc 10.7 

Tin 1.6 

For  •tufflng-boxw,  valve*,  etc.: 

Copper 8G.2       " 

lino a.6 

Tin 10.3 

For  eccentric  ring*: 

Copper 00           " 

Zlno, 10 

For  plstoo  rings: 

Hr»»K  oattlnga ;n         " 

Copper  oatuDf« ti         " 

Pneumatic  Despatch  Tubes. — At  the  meet- 
ing of  the  (English)  Institute  of  Civil  Engi- 
i  '  ,  C.  Si-  .in.  us  lvml  ;i  nitpt-r  on  this  subject, 
which  is  published  in  The  Engineer.  The  first 
system  mentioned  was  laid  in  London  and  con- 
sisted of  a  tube  through  which  earners,  con- 
taining messages,  were  forced  in  one  direction 
by  compressed  air,  and  in  the  other  by  means 
of  an  exhausted  receiver.  This  has  a  limited 
power  of  dispatch  as  one  carrier  must  complete 
its  passage  in  one  direction  before  another 
could  be  sent  in  the  other  direction,  and  it  did 
not  admit  of  intermediate  stations. 

In  1«(J3,  Messrs.  Siemens  k  Halske  intro- 
duced their  system  at  Berlin.  This  consisted 
of  two  2%  inch  tubes,  forming  a  circuit. 
Through  these  flowed  a  continuous  air  current, 
of  course  passing  in  one  direction  in  one  tube 
and  in  the  opposite  direction  in  the  other. 
Carriers  could  be  put  into  the  tubes  at  any 
point.  The  continuous  air  current  was  pro- 
duced by  means  of  a  steam  engine  working  a 
double-acting  air  pump.  In  Pans  there  was 
also  a  circular  system,  but  without  a  continu- 
ous air  current,  the  carriers  being  driven  from 
one  station  to  another  by  air  compressed  by 
means  of  water  from  the  city  mains.  This  was 
very  limited  in  capacity  and  required  a  large 
expenditure  of  water.  In  London  there  was  a 
large  cast-iron  tube  of  a  a  section  for  carrying 
parcels.  Here,  in  1870,  the  Siemens  Brothers 
introduced  their  circuit  system  with  continuous 
air  current,  and  this  has  been  found  to  work 
well  and  has  since  been  extended.  As  above, 
carriers  can  be  sent  or  received  at  any  point. 
As  to  the  speed  of  the  carrier  it  was  found  that 
it  traveled  4,116  yards,  or  over  the  whole  cir- 
cuit in  7  min.  45  sec.  Instead  of  a  steam 
engine  and  air  pumps,  the  necessity  of  which 
was  a  hindrance  to  the  general  introduction 
of  pneumatic  tubes,  a  simple  and  cheap  arrange- 
ment, something  like  the  Gifl'ard  Injector,  has 
been  used  with  very  good  success  for  producing 
the  continuous  air  current. 

Case-hardening. — It  is  often  desirable  to 
convert  the  surface  of  small  iron  articles  into 
steel,  to  prevent  wear  and  tear,  and  also  to  pre- 
pare them  for  a  high  polish.  To  do  so  is 
much  quicker  and  cheaper  than  to  make  these 
articles  in  the  first  place  out  of  steel.  The 
older  process  consisted  in  placing  them  in  an 
iron  case  with  burnt  bone  dust  or  other  char- 
coal, exposed  for  from  two  to  eight  hours  to  a 
dull  red  heat,  and  pdunged  into  oil  or  cold 
water,  which  cooling  is  called  "quenching." 
The  process  is  varied  at  times  by  leaving  its 
subjects  to  cool  in  the  case,  and  afterwards 
tempering  them.  A  later  mode  is  to  use  prus- 
siate  of  potash.  This  consists  of  two  atoms 
of  carbon  and  one  of  nitrogen  to  one  of  potash. 
Its  decomposition  leaves  no  solid  residium  that 
can  interfere  with  the  chemical  change  or  in- 
jure the  quality  of  the  steel.  It  is  rubbed  on 
the  iron  at  a  dull  red  heat;  the  metal  is  then 
put  in  the  fire  for  a  few  minutes,  and  then 
tempered  in  water. 

It  was  formerly  customary  to  case-harden  bur- 
glar-proof safes,  the  iron  doors  of  banks,  etc., 
so  that  they  might  resist  the  drills  of  thieves. 
Such  articles  are  now  made  mostly  from 
Franklin  iron,  which  is  manufactured  from  an 
ore  found  at  Franklin,  N.  J.,  and  nowhere  else 
in  the  world.  This  iron  is  peculiarly  hard, 
and  is  found  to  be  about  as  effective  as  if  case- 
hardened. 

The  St.  Louis  Bridge  is  progressing  rapidly. 
The  concrete  or  foundation  of  the  last  pier  has 
been  laid,  the  masonry  is  two-thirds  completed 
and  the  superstructure  is  commenced.  The 
cast-iron  plates  at  the  piers  have  been  placed 
and  prepared  for  the  reception  of  the  steel  tubes 
forming  the  spaces.  It  will  be  completed  in 
about  a  year  from  now. 


Steeled  Wheels. 

novel    title   is  given  to   I 

rhien  must  ranh  among  in. 
great  impron  menu  recently  made  in  thi 

lOg    ..f    metals,    by    Mr.    W.    ii.    Hamilton,    en- 
El  el  and  Foundry  Co., 
which,  after  i  years  of  experimental  tri 

tughl  prominently  before  the  public. 
Mr.  Hamilton,  who  is  w.  It  known  to  tin- rail* 
way  pi.il.  BBiOll,  thXOUgh    his   "  Miiimal  ol     DSJ 
ful  information  to  Railway  Men,"  lias  worked 

ullt  the    problem  of    making    ehllled   ear-wheels 

out  of  non-chilling  irons,  and  at  the  sunn  Umi 
increasing  the  strength  of  the  mixture  above 
that  of  the  im>st  expensive  oharooal  irons. 

The  process  Consults  in  part   in  melting  scrap 

steel,  with  the  ordinary  charge  of  pig  metal,  in 
the  cupola,  by  which  an  [norease  oi  Btrength  of 
from  20  to  50  pj  c  cent,  is  given  to  the  metal. 

afossrs.  A.  whitnej  A  Sons,  the  extensive 
wheel  founders  of  Philadelphia,  have  been  test- 
ing the  practical  utility  and  value  of  the  proc- 
ess, have  made  sum.-  15,000  wheels,  during  a 
continuous  working  during  the  lust  -i  months, 
and  report  it  a  mosl  complete  success. 

Thai  this  process  Will  enable  them,  by  ad- 
ding to  their  usual  nlwllfag  charcoal  irons  a 
portiOD  of  uuii-ehilling  soft  charcoal  irons,  or 
anthracite  metal,  to  produce  a  car  wheel  of 
neater  strength,  and  at  a  much  less  cost, 
than  with  high-priced  chilling  charcoal  irons 
alone. 

To  the  railway  community  the  value  of  this 
improvement  will  be  understood,  when  it  is 
known  that  the  supply  of  charcoal  irons  is 
yearly  diminishing  anil  the  cost  increasing,  and 
that  the  steeled  metal  gives  greater  security  to 
their  rolling  stock. 

Curved  Locomotive  Smoke- Stack. — Accord- 
ing to  the  Boston  Transcript  a  Massachusetts 
invention  has  lately  been  tried  on  thcFitchburg 
railroad  with  good  results.  It  consists  of  a 
curved  smoke-stack,  of  nearly  the  Bhape  of  a 
"  horn  of  plenty,"  attached  as  ordinary  smoke- 
stacks are,  the  mouth  running  backward. 
Within,  near  the  enlargement  at  the  upper 
curve,  is  placed  a  wire  screen  at  an  angle  of 
about  45°  with  the  direction  of  the  smoke,  and 
the  usual  screen  is  placed  over  the  immediate 
outlet.  Just  below  the  first  screen  a  perforated 
steam  pipe  runs  horizontally  through  the 
smoke-stack,  and  is  connected  with  the  boiler 
by  a  valve-pipe  under  the  control  of  the  engine- 
driver.  As  the  refuse  matter  from  the  furnace 
passes  through  the  stack,  it  is  moistened  by  the 
fine  spray  ejected  through  the  perforations, 
thus  deadening  the  particles  and  increasing 
their  weight.  Striking  against  the  inclined 
screen,  they  are  deflected  downwards  and  led 
through  a  proper  tube  below  the  engine,  falling 
on  the  track  in  a  moistened  and  consequently 
harndess  state.  The  arrangement  does  not 
hinder  the  draft.  Not  only  is  the  trouble  of 
cinders  upon  the  train  ohviated,  but  damage 
from  fires  along  the  track  is  also  prevented. 

Broad  and  Naeeow  Gauge. — A  writerin  Van 
Nostrand's  Mag.  argues  in  favor  of  the  broad 
(0  feet  or  more)  over  the  narrow  (4  7-10  feet) 
gauge  for  railroads,  claiming  a  gain  in  all  re- 
spects for  the  former.  In  regard  to  the  present 
general  use  of  the  narrow  gauge  he  says  that 
it  has  been  adopted  "for  reasons  which  it  would 
not  be  creditable  to  our  railway  managers  and 
to  the  profession  to  state" — a  statement  which 
may  be  satisfactory  to  the  author,  but  which  the 
general  public  can  hardly  be  expected  to  swal- 
low. In  his  comparison,  however,  he  gives 
figures  to  prove  that  the  cost  of  building  and 
running  roads  of  broad  gauge  is  less  than  for 
those  of  narrow  gauge.  His  argument  is  by  no 
means  complete.  In  conclusion  he  says  that  it 
is  now  understood  that  several  leading  engi- 
neers in  Europe,  dissatisfied  with  the  narrow 
gauge  of  4  7-10  feet  or  5  feet,  are  seriously  con- 
sidering the  question  of  recommending  the  6- 
foot  gauge  as  the  best  uniform  gauge  for  the 
entire  of  Northern  Euroj)e  and  Asia. 

Iron  Cars. — A  model  of  a  freight  car  is 
attracting  considerable  attention  at  St. 
Louis.  It  is  cylindrical  in  form,  and  is 
constructed  of  iron.  By  the  peculiarity 
of  its  form,  pressure  on  the  sides  ib 
avoided,  and  having  a  false  floor,  better 
ventilation  is  attainable—  a  matter  of  great 
importance  in  the  transportation  of  fruit, 
grain,  flour,  and  many  other  perishable 
commodities.  It  is,  moreover,  fire-proof, 
and  when  constructed  with  equal  strength 
and  capacity  weighs  one  ton  less  than  a 
wooden  car.  We  are  not  informed  as  to 
the  comparative  cost  of  construction. 

Enamel  for  Metals.  —  M. '  Pleischl,  of 
Vienna,  claims  to  have  discovered  a  vitreous 
enamel  for  metals  which  combines  the  proper- 
ties of  extreme  hardness,  durability,  freedom 
from  noxious  ingredients  (lead  and  zinc),  and 
malleability  by  contact  with  the  substances  to 
which  it  is  applied. 

Iron  Vessels  of  a  thousand  tons  are  now 
built  which  draw  only  eighteen  inches  of  water, 
and  a  company  has  been  formed  in  New  Orleans 
to  provide  such  vessels  for  the  transportation 
of  -the  products  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  to 
that  city. 

Theee  are  eight  large  establishments  in  the 
United  States  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
pins,  one  factory  turning  out  an  average  of 
about  eight  tons  a  week.  American  pins  are 
considered  the  best  in  the  world,  and  the  de- 
mand from  foreign  countries  is  constantly 
increasing. 


^CIENTiFIC    IfROG       & 


Peculiar  Phenomena   Observed  in 
Quarrying. 

W,  II.  Nile,  Prof,  in  the  Massachusetts  In- 
stitute of  Technology,  describee  in  thi  Anierir 
Journal  of  Science,  certain  phenomena  which 
are  often  observed  in  quarrying,  such  as  frac- 
tures, sudden  movements,  and  expansions  of 
bi  da  "i  stones  connected  with  quarrying,  and 
in  apparently  to  the  state  oi  tension  to  which 
the  bed  was  subjected  when  in  its  original  state 
in  the  quarry.  The  Prof .  mentions  asponta- 
n.  ..H-.  fracture  in  a  bed  of  gneiss  three  feet  and 
nine  inches  thick,  which  was  sixty-one  feet 
I  mainly  in  the  direction  oi  the  strike, 
but  with  soiuti  abrupt  transverse  turns.  The 
transverse  fractures  weri  opened  wider  than 
the  north  and  south — in  two  and  a  half  months, 
the  former  live-eighths  uf  an  inch,  the  latter 
nowhere  over  one-fourth — showing  that  then 
was  less  resistance  to  motion  in  the  direc-r 
tiou  of    the  strike.      He    mentions  cases  of    an- 

ticlinals  formed  by  movements  in  beds.  In 
one  instance  a  bed  of  gneiss  twenty  inches 
thick  had  been  elevated  an  inch  and  a  half, 
the  northern  slope  of  the  anticlinal  measuring 
twenty-three  feet.  The  fold  trended  east  mid 
west,  and  at  one  end  there  was  a  crack  three- 
sixteenth  of  an  inch  wide.  In  another  instance 
in  a  bed  three  inches  thick,  the  amount  of 
elevation  at  the  center  was  one  inch,  and  there 
wasa  fracture  along'the whole  length  of  the  crest, 
trending  east  and  west.  Prof.  Niles  observed 
a  bend  form  in  a  bed  two  and  three-quarter 
inches  thick;  in  a  few  hours  the  portion  of  the 
bed  forming  the  crest  was  elevated  three  inches 
and  a  quarter,  and  the  crest — five  and  a  half 
feet  long — had  a  fracture  along  it.  Sudden 
sounds  and  explosions  sometimes  attend  the 
movements  and  fracturings;  and  the  sounds 
occur  in  all  seasons,  though  more  frequent  in 
summer.  Sometimes  they  are  louder  than  the 
report  from  a  blast,  and  at  one  time  led  to  tht 
supposition  that  the  powder  magazine  had  ex- 
ploded. 

The  following  is  the  example  of  the  expan- 
sion of  the  rock  during  quarrying.  A  mass  split 
off  along  one  side,  by  wedges  in  a  series  of  drill 
holes,  for  a  length  of  354  feet  (requiring  1,200 
wedges)  in  the  direction  of  the  strike,  or  nearly 
north  and  south,  had  a  width  of  eleven  feet  and 
a  thickness  of  three.  .By  one  end  it  was  still 
attached.  Soon  after  the  fracture  was  made,  it 
was  observed  that  the  halves  of  the  drill  holes 
were  not  opposite,  and  at  the  free  extremity  the 
amount  of  dislocation  amounted  to  an  inch  and 
a  half;  or  in  other  words,  the  stone  was  an  inch 
and  a  half  longer  after  the  fracture  than  before. 
The  subsequent  exposure  of  the  stone  to  the 
varying  temperature  and  conditions  of  the 
weather  for  two  months  produced  no  change. 
As  the  free  extremity  was  higher  than  the  other, 
the  phenomenon  was  not  produced  by  gravity. 
Three  other  instances  are  mentioned  of  similar 
effects:  on  a  smaller  scale. 


Tehauntepec  Ship  Canal. — The  Commission 
appointed  to  examine  and  report  on  the  Tehaun- 
tepec ship  canal  project  have  published  their 
report.  It  may  be  found  in  Van  Noslrand  for 
February.  The  eastern  terminus  of  the  canal, 
as  proposed,  is  at  the  junction  of  the  Coahuapa 
and  Goatzacoalcos  rivers,  about  30  miles  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  the  latter  river  forming  an 
excellent  harbor  for  that  distance.  It  runswest 
to  the  summit  of  Tarifa,  G80  feet  above  the  sea 
level,  crossing  on  the  way  the  Chalchijarja, 
Chicolote,  Goatzocoalcos  (at  Old  Mai  Paso) 
and  Malatengo  rivers.  From  the  summit  it 
passes  through  a  plain  where  a  cutting  1U0  feet 
deep,  for  several  miles  is  recommended,  de- 
scends to  the  plains  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tains— a  descent  of  3G0  feet,  requiring  35  locks, — 
and  thence  with  a  fall  of  240  feet  in  14  or  15 
miles  reaches  ^the  Upper  Lagoon.  Thence  to 
reach  the  Pacific  one  or  both  of  the  narrow 
peninsulas,  separating  the  lagoon  from  the 
ocean,  must  be  cut  through,  and  an  external 
harbor  or  entrance  piers  thrown  out.  The  plan 
is  for  a  ship  canal  with  an  available  depth  of 
water  of  not  less  than  20  feet,  with  locks  450  ft. 
long  and  50  ft.  wide.  Total  length  of  artificial 
canal,  115  to  120  miles;  number  of  locks,  120, 
with  10  foot  lift;  total  rise,  600  ft.  The  country 
is  healthy  and  very  productive,  laborers  are 
easily  obtained  and  building  material  is  abund- 
ant. The  extensive  use  of  timber  instead  of 
masonry  is  recommended. 


Absorption  of  Moisture  bi*  Brick  and  Stone. 
Prof.  Draper,  of  University  Medical  College, 
New  York,  has  been  making  some  experiments 
with  regard  to  the  relative  absorption  of  moist- 
ure by  brick  and  stone,  using  brown  stone, 
Nova  Scotia  stone  of  the  best  quality,  fine  red 
Philadelphia  brick,  and  a  compact,  hard- 
burned,  white  brick  from  New  Jersey.  His 
experiment  showed  that  brick  absorbs  more 
moisture  than  stone,  but  parts  with  its  imbibed 
moisture  more  readily,  and  therefore  preferable 
as  a  building  material,  and  that  the  white  brick 
is  superior  to  the  red,  absorbing  only  half  as 
much  moisture.  In  cases  corresponding  to  the 
dews  of  summer  or  fogs,  brown  stone  absorbs 
more  moisture  than  the  Nova  Scotia  stone  and 
both  these  more  than  brick,  and  hence  are 
more  favorable  to  vegetable  growth  and  inferior 
for  building  purposes.  On  the  whole  the  ma- 
terials rank  in  relative  value  for  building  as 
follows:  1.  "White  brick;  2.  Red  brick;  3. 
Novia  Scotia  stone;  4.  Brown  stone. 


The  Late   Solar  Eclipse. 

Accounts  are    slowly   coming  in,   mostly  by 

'US  established 

to  make  observations  upon  the  late  eclipse,  it 
■  me  tine  yet  before  full  reports  will  be 
received,  and  still  longer  before  these  reports 
will  be  collect  id,  compared  and  properly 
worked  up  so  as  to  determine  tbeir  real  value. 

Bo  tar  as  yet  appears,  the  observations  have 
not  developed  any  new  facts;  but  have  iii  sev- 
.  ral  instances  furnished  important  confirmation 
of  conclusions  which  had  already  been  measur- 
ably   attained    OU    previous   occasions,    but    not 

with  sufficient  ei  idence  to  secure  the  entire 
acquiescence  of  all  astronomers. 

I  Mn  importand  point  thus  di  finitely  attained 
is  the  assumption  that  the  corona  is  not  to  any 
considerable  extent  the  effect  of  the  atmos- 
phere of  eith)  r  the   earth   or  moon,  but  that 

rings,  rays,  rifts,  streamers  and  ail  is  a  true  so- 
lar appendage  only  slightly  modified  by  our 
own  atmosphere. 

Dr.  Janssen,  one  of  the  observers  at  Uindos- 
tan,  writes  to  Prof.  Newton  that  bis  observa- 
tions proved  that,  independently  of  the  cosmi- 
eal  matter  which  should  be  found  near  the  sun. 

there  exists  about  this  body,  an  atmosphere  of 
great  extent,  exceedingly  rare,  and  with  a  hy- 
drogen base.  This  atmosphere  which  doubt- 
less forms  the  lust  gaseous  envelope  of  the  sun, 
is  fed  from  the  mutter  of  the  protuberances 
which  is  shot  up  with  great  violence  from  the 
interior  of  the  photosphere — in  the  manner 
shown  in  the  recent  illustrated  description 
given  of  one  of  llese  phenomena  as  observed 
by  Prof.  Young.  Prof.  J.  supposes  that  it  is 
this  atmosphere  whieh  produces  the  large  part 
of  the  phenomena  hitherto  denoted  by  the 
name  of  solar  corona. 

The  question  of  the  polarization  of  the  cor- 
ona light  seems  to  be  still  left  in  doubt,  owing 
to  the  puzzling  inconsistencies,  as  heretofore 
noticed,  between  different  instruments  and  ob- 
servers. 

Prof.  Young,  the  American  astronomer,  who 
has  pretty  carefully  analyzed  the  brief  reports 
already  received,  writes  to  the  Boston  Journal 
of  Chemistry  that  when  we  get  the  full  reports, 
with  photographs,  etc.,  it  may  possibly  happen 
that  their  comparison  may  lead  to  some  en- 
tirely new  discoveries,  and  almost  certainly 
some  new  question  will  be  raised  which  can  be 
settled  only  at  the  next  eclipse. 


Solid  Iron  Floating  on  Melted  Iron. — E. 
Schott  writes  concerning  this  to  the  Berg,  ic 
llaiL  Ztg.  In  casting  wheels  he  divided  the 
molds  in  two  parts  and  surrounded  these  with  a 
spring  ring.  As  soon  as  the  melted  iron  poured 
into  the  mold  began  to  cool  the  ring  opened 
and  that  up  to  %  inch,  the  wheel  being  18 
inches  in  diameter.  After  cooling  the  casting 
shrunk:  to  less  than  the  original  size  of  the 
mold.  From  this  it  follows  that  iron  when 
heated  has  a  greater,  and  when  cooled  a  smaller 
volume  than  when  fluid.  The  larger  volume 
must,  therefore,  possess  a  less  specific  gravity, 
as  is  confirmed  by  the  phenomenon  of  solid  iron 
floating  on  melted  iron.  Commonly  thin  pieces 
of  iron  are  employed  for  observing  this  phe- 
nomenon. The  iron  being  a  good  conductor  of 
heat,  speedily  acquires  the  temperature  of  the 
fluid  mass  up  to  a  bright  red  heat; — the  degree 
necessary  for  the  greater  expansion — and  thus 
acquires  a  smaller  specific  gravity  than  the  fluid 
bath  and  consequently  swims  on  it;  and  this  it 
does  the  more  quickly,  the  thinner  it  is,  and 
vice  versa.  Thicker  pieces  sink  at  first,  but 
rise  to  the  surface  as  soon  as  they  are  expanded 
by  the  heat, — somewhat  analogous  is  the  rela- 
tion of  ice  to  water. 


Sec-System  of  Notation. — Dr.  Lehmanu,  of 
Leipzig,  according  to  the  Mechanics'  Magazine, 
proposes  a  new  system  of  notation  with  6  as  a 
basis,  counting  and  reckoning  with  half-dozens 
instead  of  tens.  To  avoid  confusion,  the  name 
six  may  be  changed  to  sec,  so  that  we  would 
count  one,  two,  three,  four,  five,  sec.  The 
higher  figures  might  be  called  twosec, 
threesec,  foursec,  secsec  or  sess.  This  latter 
would  be  equivalent  to  36,  but  would  be  written 
1  and  2  noughts.  It  is  further  proposed  to 
change  the  type  so  as  to  suit  the  new  system. 
Among  the  advantages  noted  is  the  reduction  of 
the  extent  of  the  multiplication  table  so  tre- 
mendous nowr  to  school-boys  and  others.  The 
following  shows  the  extent  of  the  tables  under 
the  sec-system.  In  makinguse  of  the  ordinary 
type,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  10  is  equiva- 
lent to  6 : 

2V2=  4  3X2=10  4X2=12  5X2=14 
2X3=10  3X3=13  4X3=20  5X3=23 
2X4=12  3X4=20  4X^=24  5X4=32 
2><5=14       3X5=23        4X5=32        5X5=41 

The  greater  ease  of  addition,  subtraction, 
multiplication  and  division  would  guarantee 
the  decrease  of  errors  in  arithmetical  calcula- 
tions, etc.,  etc. 

Exploration  of  Rome. — Renewed  interest  is 
now  being  shown  in  the  exploration  of  the 
buried  relics  of  Rome.  The  new  government 
shows  a  disposition  to  take  the  matter  in  hand 
and  private  parties  also  are  in  the  field.  Two 
schemes  have  been  prominent  of  late.  One  is 
to  divert  the  river  Tiber  from  its  channel,  with 
the  idea  that  from  its  bed  many  relics  of  value 
will  be  obtained.  Another  is  that  of  an  Eng- 
lishman, J.  H.  Parker,  who  has  already  made 
excavations  and  discoveries  of  no  small  interest, 
and  who  now  proposes  to  form  a  companv  with 
a  paid  up  capital  of  $250,000,  with  the  object  of 
purchasing  land  in  Rome,  exploring  it  to  the 
utmost,  and  then  reselling  it  an  advanced 
price. 


196 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS: 


[March  30,  1872. 


TNING  SUMMARY. 


_  The  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  iuterior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Hoisting  Woeks. — Silver  lit.  Chronicle, 
March  16:  Both  the  Exchequer  and  I  X  L 
mines  will  soon  be  supplied  with  hoisting 
works,  and  the  mills  and  mines  this  summer 
will  furnish  employment  for  upwards  of  100 
men. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Baelow  Mine. — Jackson  Ledger,  March 
16:  The  rock  in  this  mine  continues  equal- 
ly as  rich  as  when  first  struck. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Butte  Cbeek  Mines. — Chico  Enterprise, 
March  16:  The  Cherokee  Co.  commenced 
"  piping  "  on  Butte  Creek  above  Center- 
ville,  on  Wednesday.  They  have  an  am- 
ple supply  of  water,  and  are  washing  down 
the  side  hill  with  great  rapidity.  Hupp, 
HcNair  &  Co.  turned  the  water  on,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Centerville,  on  Monday,  and 
are  working  their  claims  day  and  night. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Hudson  Lode. — San  Andreas  Citizen, 
March  23:  The  developments  in  this  lode 
are  very  extraordinary.  The  Co.  are  run- 
ning 3  shifts — 3  men  each,  working  8  hours 
— and  are  down  100  ft.  The  vein  here  is  9 
ft.  wide.  Next  to  the  hanging  wall  there 
is  about  4  ft.  of  rock  filled  with  sulphurets 
of  both  gold  and  silver.  In  the  center 
there  is  a  little  over  2  ft.  of  decayed  rock 
partaking  of  a  limestone  nature,  which  is 
very  rich.  Outside  of  this,  and  next  to  the 
hanging  wall,  is  about  3  ft.  of  decayed, 
though  not  soft,  rock  literally  filled  with 
gold. 

Central  Hill. — The  gravel  claim  of 
John  Shear  is  paying  remarkably  well. 
Other  claims  are  also  paying. 

Calavekas  Hydbaulic  Co, — Nineteen 
hundred  ft.  of  11-inch  iron  pipe  will  be 
laid,  calculated  to  convey  300  inches  of 
water  through  a  "  Hydraulic  Chief,"  with 
a  4-inch  nozzle,  against  the  immense  banks 
of  auriferous  gravel  belonging  to  the  Co. 
The  sluice  boxes  will  be  some  300  ft.  in 
length  by  24  inches  in  width  and  depth, 
with  a  grade  of  9  inches  to  12  ft.,  carrying 
the  tailings  to  a  spacious  dump  in  Chili 
Gulch. 

Angels  Quaetz  M.  Co. — This  Co.  are 
dropping  their  whole  30- stamps  on  rock 
from  the  500-ft.  level,  which  yields  $30 
per  ton. 

West  Point. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  March 
23:  In  the  Zacetara  the  shaft  is  200  ft.  deep 
and  the  lead  has  widened  out  nntil  it  fills 
the  fissure,  the  walls  being  5  ft.  apart. 

The  Bartolo  mine  is  making  favorable 
progress. 

Stegeb  Mine. — The  Co.  have  erected  a 
water-power  pump  of  sufficient  capacity  to 
keep  the  shaft  dry,  and  the  work  of  sink- 
ing is  progressing  rapidly.  A  first-class 
quality  of  rock  is  being  obtained. 

Bjsed  &  Hillaby  are  preparing  for  ac- 
tive operations  as  soon  as  Spring  fairly 
opens.  There  are  a  number  of  other 
mines  in  the  dist.  in  which  favorable  de- 
velopments are  being  made. 

Soipeobd  Mine. — Bock  of  extraordi- 
nary richness  has  been  developed  in  the 
mine,  near  San  Andreas.  At.  the  depth  of 
19  ft.  the  ledge  shows  8  ft.  in  width,  nearly 
all  of  which  will  pay  largely  for  crushing. 
The  lead  exhibits  every  indication  of  being 
a  permanent  one,  and  will  unquestionably 
develop  into  a  valuable  mine.  It  is  re- 
ported that  the  proprietors  have  been 
offered  $20,000  for  the  ledge. 

Stickle  Mine. — A  clean  up  was  made  a 
few  days   ago,   after   crushing  about   120 
tons  of  rock,  which  netted  200  ozs.    crude 
bullion.     The  rock  averages  $7  a  ton. 
EL  DORADO, COUNTY. 

El  Doeado. — Cor.  Placerville  Democrat, 
March  23:  N.  Gilniore  and  Tom  Stapleton, 
have  sold  out  one  half  of  their  "Diamond 
Hill  Claim."  Ellsworth  &  Co.  have  com- 
menced work  on  their  claims  in  the  wes- 
tern part  of  the  town. 

Innumerable  prospectors  range  the  hills 
and  valleys  in  search  of  leads,  and  many 
with  marked  success.  The  old  Pocahon- 
tas Mine  has  again  developed  a  vein  of 
rich  ore  in  the  400  ft.  level. 

The  Davidson  Mill  made  a  short  run, 
though   a  very    satisfactory   one.      They 
have  a  splendid  20-stamp  mill  and   a  fine 
lot  of  ore  on  the  dump. 
The  Montezuma  is  doing  finely. 
Snyder  &  Co.,  on  Mathenas  Creek,  have 
struck  a  rich  lead,  and   are  in  negotiation 
with  some  S.   F.   capitalists.    Their   rock 
will  pay  anywhere  from  $300  to  $500  per 
ton.* 
A  Santa  Clara  Co.  have  struck  an  old 


ledge  about  a  mile  west  of  here  on  Dry 
Creek.  They  will  soon  have  a  mill  and 
machinery  for  hoisting  on  the  ground. 

Specimens.  —  Placerville  Republican, 
March  21:  On  Monday  we  were  shown  sev- 
eral specimens  of  very  rich  quartz  taken 
out  near  Grizzly  Elat.  Two  lb  s.  of  rock 
cleaned  up  $15  one  day  last  week. 

Diamond  Speings. — Cor.  same:  A  very 
rich  strike  in  quartz  was  made  a  few  days 
ago  about  one  mile  from  this  place  by 
Schneider  &  Co.  The  ledge  is  from  2  to  3 
ft.  in  width,  and  will  average  at  least  $100 
per  ton.  A  large  Co.  has  commenced  work 
on  Diamond  Hill. 

MARIPOSA  COUNTY. 

Hobnitos  Dist. — In  and  about  Wash- 
ington mine  40  men  are  employed.  The 
lower  level  is  about  420  ft.  in  depth.  The 
quartz  makes  an  excellent  showing  of  free 
gold  and  sulphurets. 

Ex-Assemblyman  Pool  struck  a  very 
rich  quartz  claim  early  in  the  winter,  in 
his  garden.  He  has  pounded  out  several 
thousand  dollars,  in  a  hand  mortar,  and 
crushed  about  30  tons  which  averaged  2 
ozs.  of  pure  gold  to  the  ton.  At  the  depth 
of  20  ft.  it  is  over  6  ft.  in  thickness, 
and  apparently  richer  than  on  the  sur- 
face. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Geeenhoen.— Nevada  Gazette,  Mar.  16: 
This  mine  is  progressing  finely.  A  ledge 
of  from  4  to  6  ft.  in  width  is  opened,  and 
first  grade  rock  is  being  extracted. 

Good  Bock. — The  Murchie  Bros,  have 
struck  some  splendid  quartz  in  their  tun- 
nel, paying  from  $50  to  $75  per  ton.  This 
mine  is  on  the  Bed  Dog  road,  about  2 
miles  above  Nevada  City. 

Location.  —  Little  York  township — 
Bird's  Eye  Canon  Co.  have  located  a  water 
privilege  of  2,000  inches,  in  Steep  Hollow 
Creek. 

Omega. — Nevada  Transcript,  Mar.  21: 
Some  7  or  8  claims  are  being  worked,  and 
the  prospects  are  good  for  an  excellent 
season. 

Selby  Flat. —Considerable  mining  is 
being  done  this  season,  and  large  heads  of 
water  are  running  in  ravines  where  min- 
ing has  not  been  done  for  several  years. 

Idaho. — The  owners  are  making  ar- 
rangements for  extensive  improvements. 
A  20-stamp  mill  is  to  be  erected,  and  a  new 
incline  is  to  be  sunk,  requiring  new  steam 
machinery. 

The  St.  Patrick's  Q.  M.  Co.  have  loca- 
ted 1,600  ft.  on  the  Manhattan  ledge  on 
Negro  Hill,  in  Grass  Valley  township. 

Bloomeield.  —  Cor  same:  The  N. 
Bloomfield  Gravel  Co.  are  washing  vast 
bodies  of  gravel  down  into  the  Yuba 
river. 

Bough  and  Beady. — The  striking  of  a 
rich  lead  on  Bandolph  Flat,  nearly  oppo- 
site, and  in  a  westerly  direction  from  the 
Exchange,  is  creating  considerable  excite- 
ment in  that  township.  On  Thursday 
Beese  &  Depew  cleaned  up  68  ozs.,  and 
have  taken  out  since  they  commenced 
there — only  2  or  3  weeks'  time — upwards 
of  $5,000.  They  claim  only  300  ft.  [of  the 
ground  and  other  Co's.  are  taking  up  ex- 
tensions. Beese  &  Depew  have  only 
worked  about  20  ft.  on  their  ground  and 
about  12  ft.  deep.  The  quartz  is  mostly 
decomposed.  On  Friday  last  they  struck 
harder  rock  and  a  better  ledge  was  coming 
in.  Our  informant  saw  one  pan  washed 
which  yielded  over  $5.  The  ledge  is 
about  5  inches  in  thickness  and  as  they 
prospect  it  it  increases  not  only  in  richness 
but  in  size. 

Gashweiler  &  Co.  have  taken  up  an  ex- 
tension about  150  ft.  from  the  Depew 
ground.  They  sunk  down  about  5  ft.  and 
struck  a  good  ledge.  They  got  a  fine  pros- 
pect which  contained  over  100  colors. 
PLACER  COUNTY- 

Bich  Bock. — Placer  Herald,  March  23d: 
At  the  bank  of  Hubbard  &  Andrews  can 
be  seen  some  splendid  gold  quartz,  taken 
from  the  Greene  mine,  2  miles  west  of 
here.  This  ledge  has  been  rich  from  the 
top  down,  the  sample  we  refer  to  being 
taken  from  the  shaft  at  a  depth  of  215  ft. 
The  8  or  10  lbs.  we  saw  were  taken  from 
the  foot  wall,  at  the  above  depth,  and  is 
solid,  bluish  quartz,  inpregnated  with  fine 
bright  gold,  the  surface  next  the  wall  rock 
being  almost  a  sheet  of  gold. 

Bellevue. — The  last  crushing  of  Belle- 
vue  ore  at  the  St.  Patrick  mill  yielded 
well.  About  90  tons  were  milled,  yielding 
over  164  ozs.  of  pure  gold,  making  $30 
per  ton. 

Haebison  Ledge. — Last  Saturday  Mr. 
Harrison  pounded  up  3%  lbs.  of  rock,  and 
got  $50  out  of  it. 

St.  Laweence  Mine. — The  ledge  is 
about  half  a  mile  north  of  the  mill,  and 
runs  nearly  east  and  west,  crossing  a  small 
ravine  near  the  St.  Patrick  mill.  The 
owners  have  1,200  ft.,  and  a  shaft  sunk  on 
it  50  ft.  deep,  the  best  rock  coming  from 


the  bottom.  Supt.  Prudy  lately  crushed 
40  tons,  taking  it  as  it  came  from  wall  to 
wall  of  the  ledge,  which  yielded  an  average 
of  over  $22  to  the  ton.  The  ledge  is  20 
inches  thick,  and  the  capacity  of  the  mill 
is  300  tons  per  month. 

PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Staeted  Dp. — Plumas  National,  March 
16:  The  Indian  Valley  Co.  started  their 
mill  one  day  this  week,  and  their  prospects 
for  large  returns  are  said  to  be  good. 

Neaely  Theough.— The  Devil's  Elbow 
Co.  have  nearly  finished  their  bed-rock 
tunnel,  only  having  about  20  ft.  to  run  to 
find  daylight. 

Woek  Commenced. — Work  has  been 
commenced  to  drain  the  Crescent  mine, 
and  the  indications  are  that  operations  will 
soon  be  in  full  blast. 

Bich  Bock. — Compton's  mine,  at   Cher- 
okee, is  looking  better  than  ever,  and  the 
rock  being  taken  out  yields  well. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — San  Diego  Union,  March  14  : 
There  was  shipped  to  S.  F.  yesterday, 
bullion  amounting  to  $1,300,  from  the  San 
Diego  mines. 

Clean-up. — The  Stonewall  mill  cleaned 
up  on  Friday  last.  The  result  was  a  $1,000 
gold  brick. 

The  Mines. — All  the  mills  are  running 
on  full  time.  Work  on  the  Butler  is  going 
on  steadily.  Their  last  crushing  gave 
them  $53  per  ton. 

SIERRA  COUNTY. 

New  Quaetz  Mill. — Downieville  Mes- 
senger, March  19:  Jim  Olin  is  going  to 
build  a  new  quartz  mill  on  the  river  above 
town  for  crushing  Good  Hope  rock. 

Bally  Hack. — Cor  same:  The  Monu- 
mental Claim  is  the  only  one  at  present 
paying. 

The  Hawk  Eye  Co.,  at  Howland  Flat, 
have  made  but  little  progress  with  their 
shaft. 

The  Union  Co.  are  still  pushing  their 
drain  tunnel  ahead  to  tap  the  water  at  the 
foot  of  the  incline. 


YUBA     COUNTY: 

Beown's  Valley. — Marysville 
March  23:  W.  Hoyle  and  others  are  open 
iug  a  quartz  claim  in  a  ravine,  near  the 
town  of  Brown's  Valley,  with  flattering 
prospects  of  success. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

McGeaey.  — Eureka  Sentinel,  March 
17:  Water  was  struck  on  the  Josephine,  at 
65  ft.  This  necessitated  the  running  of  a 
tunnel  which  is  progressing  finely. 

Silvee  West. — The  main  incline  has 
been  sunk  46  ft.  About  20  ft.  from  the 
surface  a  level  was  opened  up  and  a  cham- 
ber of  fair  grade  ore  was  extracted.  The 
amount  of  ore  in  sight  is  upwards  of  1,200 
tons.  The  ore  is  chiefly  gray  carbonate  of 
fine  grade.  A  lot  of  150  tons  smelted  a 
short  time  since  netted  $69.11  per  ton, 
gold  and  silver,  and  52  per  cent.  lead. 
There  are  about  150  tons  on  the  dump, 
which  is  estimated  to  be  worth  $100  per 
ton  in  gold  and  silver,  and  65  per  cent, 
lead. 

ELY  DISTRICT. 

Pioche  Bullion. — S.  L.  Tribune,  March 
22:  W.  F.  &  Co.  received  on  the  15th, 
from  Baymond  &  Ely,  14  bars,  worth  $16,- 
054.51.  On  the  17th,  they  received  21.bars, 
worth  $34,181.75,  from  B.  &  E.,  and  7  bars 
from  Meadow  Valley  Co.,  worth  $9,280.97. 
On  the  21st  they  received  21  bars,  worth 
$31,669.55,  from  B.  &  E.,  and6bars  worth 
$7,872.03,  from  Meadow  Valley  Co.  On 
the  17th  they  forwarded  to  N.  Y.  20  bars 
from  E.  &E.,  worth  $32,183.52,  and  17 
bars  worth  $20,461.14,  from  Meadow  Val- 
ley Works.  Durant  &  Cutting  shipped 
yesterday,  one  car  load  of  bullion  to  the 
Omaha  S.  and  B.  Works. 

Bullion. — Pioche  Record,  March  14: 
W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  to-day,  bullion  valued 
at  $86,726.93. 

Pioche. — The  ledge  shows  in  all  the 
works  down  to  the  360-ft.  level.  The  shaft 
has  been  sunk  to  the  460-ft.  level,  and  to- 
morrow there  will  be  a  drift  started  from 
this  level  for  the  ledge. 

Magna  Chaeta. — This  claim  is  being 
prospected  with  favorable  indications.  The 
shaft  is  down  60  ft.  on  a  ledge  4  ft.  wide  at 
the  bottom. 

Huhn  and   Hunt. — The  Supt.  has  com- 
menced  to   drift,   taking   ore  from    both 
drifts  and  from  the  inclines.  There  are  100 
tons  of  ore  on  the  dump. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  Slate,  March 
23:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona 
mine,  since  our  last  issue,  was  $5,353. 

Peospecting. — A  prospecting  expedition 
left  town  on  Tuesday  for  Sacramento  Dist. 

Valuable. — The  price  paid  S.  D.  B. 
Stewart,  for  his  interest  in  the  Arizona 


mine,  was  at  the  rate  of  $750,000  for  the 
whole  mine. 

Aeabia  Dist.— Last  month  Mr.  Love- 
lock discovered  the  Brazil  veins  which 
consist  of  5  parallel  ledges,  a  few  ft.  from 
each  other,  and  averaging  2  ft.  wide.  A 
40  ft.  shaft  has  been  sunk  on  the  back 
ledge,  the  ore  yielding  $137  per  ton,  in 
silver,  the  tailings  assaying  $28  per  ton. 
He  has  also  discovered  a  lead,  150  ft. 
wide,  which  has  been  traced  15  miles;  the 
c-roppings  of  which  assay  from  $10  to  $20 
per  ton. 

Akizona. — At  no  time  has  the  mine 
looked  better  than  at  present.  In  the  new 
shafts  and  levels,  black  Bulpkuret  is  ex- 
posed, and  in  the  southern  end  of  the 
works  the  lead  is  larger  and  the  ore  richer 
than  ever  before. 

Stab  City. — Cor.  same:  The  principal 
mine,  and  the  only  one  worked  in  the 
dist.  is  the  Sheba  on  the  north  side  of  the 
main  canon.  Under  the  present  manage- 
ment the  main  tunnel  was  carried  into  the 
hill  650  ft.  where  across  drift  again  disclos- 
ed the  vein,  regular  in  its  course  and  richer 
than  ever  before.  Since  the  discovery  of 
the  Sheba,  a  force  has  been  employed  in 
making  further  explorations  upon  the 
ledge,  and  in  extracting  ore.  The  charac- 
ter of  the  ore  is  argentiferous  galena,  and 
if  carefully  selected,  brings  in  the  S.  F. 
market  prices  ranging  from  $500  to  $2,000 
per  ton. 

REESE  RIVER. 

Fiest  Shipment. — Beese  Eiver  Reveille: 
Three  bars  of  bullion  valued  at  $2,415.30 
were  shipped  to-day  by  W.  F.  &  Co.  from 
the  Twin  Biver  Co.  consigned  to  S.  F. 

Bich  Steike. — The  largest  and  richest 
body  of  ore  ever  yet  discovered  in  the 
mine  was  struck  a  few  days  since  in  the  El 
Dorado  South  at  Belmont  at  the  bottom 
of  the  south  level,  about  350  ft.  from  the 
surface.  The  ledge  is  10  ft.  thick,  about 
half  of  which  is  the  richest  kind  of  pay 
ore. 
WASHOE. 

Staeted  Up. — Virginia  Enterprise,  Mar. 
22:  The  Justis  Co.  have  started  up  their 
works. 

Deeper. — Capt.  Taylor  of  the  Yellow 
Jacket  informs  us  that  in  60  days  he  will 
open  a  new  level  70  ft.  below  the  level  of 
the  Sutro  Tunnel. 

Paeke  &  Bowie  still  keep  their  big 
tailings  mill,  on  Six-mile  Canon,  in  full 
blast. 

Overman. — Gold  Hill  News,  Mar.  18: 
The  new  shaft  of  the  Overman  M.  C.  is 
down  600  ft. 

WHITE  PINE. 

Bullion. — White  Pine  News,  March  16: 
W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  bullion  yesterday  to 
'the  amount  of  $27,903.37.  Ten  bars 
amounting  to  $13,695.93,  are  credited  to 
the  Eberhardt  &  Aurora  Co. 

Teeasuee  Hill  Mines — Eberhardt. — 
Work  was  resumed  in  the  Keystone  shaft 
last  week,  with  a  force  of  5  men  breasting 
out  in  a  bunch  of  rich  ore  on  the  south 
side  of  the  shaft.  The  tunnel  connecting 
with  the  Keystone  shaft  will  be  cleaned 
out  and  put  in  order,  for  the  purpose  of 
running  out  the  ore  from  the  workings. 

North  Aurora. — At  work  breasting  out 
in  the  northeast  end  of  the  chamber,  and 
sinking  the  shaft.  The  ore  taken  out  last 
week  milled  $80  per  ton.  Since  then  the 
grade  of  the  ore  has  run  up  to  $100  and 
$120  to  the  ton.  There  is  50  tons  of  this 
grade  of  ore  shipped  away  to  mill,  The 
ore  from  the  Lady's  chamber  mills  $50  per 
ton.  About  50  tons  per  day  are  sent  to 
mill. 

Ward  Beechee. — Sinking  winze  in  east 
end  of  Philpotts'  chamber. 

Silvee  Wave. — The  Perkins  shaft  has  a 
depth  of  125  ft.  The  Supt.  proposes  to  let 
a  new  contract  to  sink  50  ft.  deeper.  The 
chances  are  favorable  that  the  ore  channel 
will  be  reached  inside  of  50  ft.  from  the 
present  workings.  The  balance  of  the 
force  employedis  breasting  out  in  the  Bos- 
well  chamber.  There  are  about  100  tons 
of  ore  on  the  dump. 

South  Auboea. — There  are  20  contract- 
ors, 2  carmen  and  1  blacksmith  engaged 
about  the  works.  The  main  tunnel  is  in 
520  ft.  There  are  3  drifts  running  east  and 
one  running  north  from  the  main  tunnel. 
For  the  purpose  of  making  the  situation 
of  the  drifts  running  east  from  the  tunnel 
understood,  they  are  designated  by  num- 
bers. No.  1  starts  250  ft.  from  the  mouth 
of  the  main  tunnel — in  about  50  ft,  in  a 
formation  of  black  limestone.  No.  2  is 
about  370  ft.  from  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel 
— in  49  ft.  The  formation  is  black  lime- 
stone and  spar.  Drift  No.  3  is  at  the  end 
of  the  tunnel — in  150  ft.  eastward.  The 
contractors  are  pushing  work  ahead.  Half- 
way in  the  drift  a  shaft  is  sinking,  and 
down  50  ft.  The  North  drift,  running  to 
prospect  ground  north  of  the  tunnel,  is  in 
55  ft. 


March  30,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


197 


Gboup  Mixes.— The  mines  known  as  the 
Group  are  on  the  west  side  of  Mahogany 
Canon,  below  the  Eberhardt.  They  com- 
prise the  Grant  &  Colfax,  Indianapolis. 
Eureka,  El  Dorado,  and  Sharp.  AH  of 
them  are  well  prospected  and  show  fair  ore. 
..f  ■<'  samples  of  ore  from  the  El 
Dorado  went  from  857  to  1256  per  ton.  As- 
says from  the  Indianapolis  have  turned 
out  equally  as  well;  and  the  Grant 
fax.  Eureka  and  Sharp  show  a  good  quality 
of  milling  ore. 

Gks.  Lee.—  The  contract  on  the  drift  is 
completed.  Another  contract  will  be  let 
in  a  few  days.  The  ore  has  improved  fur 
the  last  few  feet,  in  running  ahead, 

M  MNioTii.— A  force  of  8  men  breasting 
out,  and  extracting  8  to  10  tons  of  oro  per 

dil.V . 

Livi:  Yankee.— This  mine  is  west  of  the 
Ban  Juan  Del  Bio  ground  iu  Mazeppa 
canon.  Work  was  resumed  last  week.  At 
Sj  ft.,  there  is  a  body  oi  high  grade  ore  iu 
sight  that  it  is  estimated  will  mill  §300  to 
the  ton.  Joining  this  location  is  the  Min- 
er's Dream,  showing  a  good  body  of  ore. 
Eight  tons  wore  milled  a  few  months  ago 
that  worked  8125. 

Second  South  Ex.  of  Hidden  Treasure. 
The  drift  ruuuing  to  connect  through  the 
shaft  near  the  North  line,  from  the  Anchor 
incline,  is  in  60  ft.,  showing  a  spar  wall 
the  whole  length.  A  drift  south  to  meet 
the  Anchor  drift,  is  in  CO  ft. 

lii.Hi  Mi:n  Cos-. — The  foreman  and  3  men 
are  breasting  out  and  piling  back  the  ore 
in  tho  stope.  A  largo  force  of  men  will  be 
put  on  and  the  Manhattan  mill  started  up 
when  a  supply  of  ore  is  on  hand. 

East  Sheboyoan.  —  Tho  Exchango  in- 
cline is  iu  the  hands  of  contractors,  who 
are  making  fair  progress  sinking. 

CorPEii  Glance. — A  body  of  ore  was  re- 
cently developed  of  fair  grade,  which 
opens  out  in  a  larger  body  as  the  drift  goes 
ahead. 

SiLVEitHiLTj  Mines— Silver  Central. — 
A  contract  was  let  last  week,  at  §15  per  ft., 
to  sink  a  vertical  shaft  40  ft.,  or  to  the 
ledge,  if  within  that  distance. 

Owyhee. — There  is  one  shift  of  men 
employed  sinking  on  the  ledge  from  the 
face  of  the  old  cut.  A  showing  of  fair  ore 
is  in  sight  in  the  incline. 

Silver  Plate. — Five  men  are  breasting 
out  in  the  face. 

Silver  o  wl. — There  is  a  shift  of  2  men 
at  work. 

Silver  Cloud. — Two  men  are  engaged 
to  cut  the  ledge. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining. — Prescott  Miner, 
March  9:  In  the  Tiger  the  Supt.  has  a  force 
of  men  taking  out  ore  for  shipment  to  S. 
P. 

In  Pine  Grove  Dist.,  Jackson,  Shoup  & 
Co. ,  are  operating  on  the  Del  Pasco. 

In  Hassayampa  Dist.,  a  Co.  of  men  are 
erecting  the  old  Ticondoroga  battery, 
which  will  be  run  by  a  water-wheel  already 
erected. 

The  Benjamin,  Bismarck  and  other  lodes 
in  the  Benjamin  belt  are  turning  out  well. 

In  Walker  Dist.,  placer  mining  is  "  all 
the  go."  Billy  Gavin  is  running  a  "long- 
tom,"  and  one  Co.  is  sluicing  a  little. 
Some  40  persons  are  working  with  rockers. 

Placer  mining  is  also  being  carried  on 
with  good  success  along  Upper  Hassa- 
yampa Creek. 

In  Maricopa  county,  work  upon  the  Sil- 
ver Queen  and  other  silver  ledges  is  being 
prosecuted  successfully. 

Wallapai  Dist. — Cor.  same:  At  the 
Keystone  the  breadth  of  rich  ore  in  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  has  considerably  in- 
creased and  work  is  being  pushed  day  and 
night. 

Facilities  for  roasting  ore  are  to  be  at- 
tached to  the  Hardy  &  Meacham  mill  at 
this  place. 

Work  has  been  commenced  on  the  Stark 
and  Ewing — being  the  first  N.  W.  exten- 
sion of  the  Keystone;  a  shaft  will  be  sunk 
on  this  mine  to  water  level  soon.  The 
Fairfield,  the  second  N.  W.  Ext.  on  the 
same  lode  is  down  45  ft. ,  exclusive  of  a 
30  ft.  cut  which  was  made  before  sinking. 
This  shaft  will  have  to  be  sunk  90  ft.  fur- 
ther before  reaching  water  level.  Work 
is  being  pushed  with  vigor. 

A  recent  clean  up  at  the  mill  from  Lone 
Star  rock  resulted  in  a  fine  quality  of  gold 
and  silver  bullion.  Work  is  still  going  on 
in  a  drift  at  the  latter  mine. 

Colorado. 

Sherman  Mt. — Central  Register,  March 
13:  The  Zillah,  Zephyr,  and'Elkhorn  lodes, 
have  consolidated  and  are  negotiating  to 
either  buy,  sell,  ordivide  with  the  Pelican. 

During  the  last  2  or  3  days  the  Fisklode 
has  been  cut  by  the  Bobtail  Tunnel.  At 
the  mouth  of  the  tunnel  is  a  very  fine 
looking  pile  of  ore. 

South  Clear  Creek. — Owing  to  the  se- 


progressing 
300  ft.  from 


'  and  in  tho 


verity  of  the  weather  but  little  has  been 
d"ne  during  the  winter  on  Chicago  I 
'•r  in  the  vicinity  of  Idaho.  Last  week 
Judge  Dickerson  commenced  operations 
on  the  Andy  Johnson  and  D.  D.  lodes,  in 
Chicago  Creek  Cation,  6 miles  above  Idaho, 
and  is  raising  a  fair  grade  of  ore.  On  the 
bars  below  Idaho,  about  20  men  are  placer 
mining  with  fair  results.  'I  U<-  Edgar  is 
worked  by  adits  on  the  vein  at  different 
levels,  tho  lower  one  of  which  has  been 
driven  about  :270  ft.  on  the  vein,  and  car- 
ries a  rich  vein  of  oro  the  entire  distance, 
from  10  to  1^  inches  thick.  The  Wild 
Wagoner  is  worked  on  tho  same  principle 
as  the  Edgar.  A  tunnel  260  ft.  in  length 
has  been  run,  and  discloses  n  breast  of 
crevice  matter  25  ft.  between  walls.  On 
Fall  River,  parties  are  engaged  developing 
a  silver  mine  that  gives  great  promise.  As- 
says ranging  from  8250  to  -1,000  per  ton 
have  been  made.  Work  on  the  Hiawatha 
tunnel,  near  Mill  City,  is 
finely.  The  tunnel  is  about 
the  mouth. 

On  the  "  Hidden  Treasure 
vicinity,  upwards  of  200  men  are  at  work. 

Palmer  A  Nichols'  mill,  the  only  one  in 
operation,  is  running  up  to  its  full  capacity. 

Boulder  Co. — Cor.  same:  Discoveries 
have  been  made  at  the  head  of  Four-Mile 
Creek,  which  promise  to  equal  if  not  sur- 
pass the  Caribou. 

Central  Herald,  March  13:  For  several 
weeks,  O.  F.  Barnes,  S.  Flint  and  A.  Van 
Camp  have  been  working  the  Belmont 
lode,  situated  east  of  the  road  leading  from 
the  Bob  Tail  hill  to  the  Lake  Gulch  road. 
One  lot,  of  1V%  cords  of  quartz  yielded  50 
ozs.  of  gold  per  cord  iu  a  stamp  mill,  and 
a  much  larger  quantity  gave  21  ozs. 

Nichols,  Fisher  &  Co.'s  claim  on  the 
Kent  Co.  lode  is  improving  in  appearance. 

Mr.  Lake  continues  to  run  his  mill  on 
North  Clear  Creek  and  expects  to  start  up 
the  old  Dickinson  mill  below  the  Boston 
and  Colorado  Smelting  Works  within  the 
next  2  weeks. 

Caribou. — Cor.  same:  Breed  and  Cut- 
ter's Reduction  Works  have  turned  out 
37,000  ozs.  of  silver  since  the  first  of  Jan. 
last,  although  idle  half  the  time  since 
that  date  by  reason  of  defective  cast- 
ings, etc. 

Idaho. 

Bullion. — Silver  City  Avalanche,  March 
16:  W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  from  here  this 
week  3  bars  valued  at  $0,880.50. 

Local  Record. — Last  Wednesday  we 
visited  the  Golden  Chariot.  In  the  winze, 
down  18  feet  from  the  bottom  of  the  8th  lev- 
el, we  found  the  ledge  from  3  to  4  feet  in 
width,  of  ore  that  would  pay  from  §30  to 
§40  per  ton,  The  vein  is  getting  some- 
what smaller  further  down,  but  is  increas- 
ing in  richness. 

In  the  Ida  Elmore,  the  winze,  130  ft. 
north  of  the  shaft,  is  down  30  ft.  for  the 
8th  level,  showing  a  ledge  from  12  to  14 
inches  wide,  of  fine  milling  ore.  In  the 
south  dirft  of  the  7th  level  the  ledge  is 
about  2  feet  wide. 

Idaho  Statesman,  March  19:  Curlew's 
claim's,  near  the  garrison  reserve,  are 
paying  handsomely.  An  old  channel  has 
been  struck  in  the  hills,  which  prospects 
rich. 

Montana. 

Pioneer.  —  Deer  Lodge  Independent, 
March  9th:  Ballard  &  Mellen  have  com- 
menced putting  down  a  14  inch  bed-rock 
flume  in  French  Gulch.  Tibbits  &  Bro. 
are  putting  up  a  hydraulic  on  the  east  side  of 
French  Gulch.  Carter  &  Co.  are  prepar- 
ing to  put  down  a  bed-rock  flume  in  Up- 
per Pioneer  gulch.  Thomas  &  Co.  are 
engaged  in  repairing  sluices,  flumes,  etc., 
for  immediate  operations.  Ditches  are 
being  cleaned  out  and  everything  begins 
to  present  a  business-like  appearance. 

New  Diggings. — We  learn  from  B.  R. 
Parks,  of  Mosse  creek,  that  new  mines 
have  been  discovered  on  the  north  fork  of 
the  Big  Hole.  Report  says  that  new  and 
good  diggings  havebeen  discovered  some- 
where on  a  tributary  of  theBig  Blackfoot. 

Capt.  Duane,  Kennedy  &  Co.  have 
started  a  bed-rock  flume  on  No.  G,  below 
in  Bear,  and  expect  to  finish  it  by  April, 
1st. 

Highland.  —  Marceau  &  Co.,  at  the 
Head  of  Moose,  have  out  200  tons  of  ore 
on  the  "Nonpareil."  The  lead  is  looking 
very  well — crevice  averages  3%  ft.  Shaft 
90  ft. 

On  the  "Dixie,"  Parks  &  Dickey  have 
raised  600  tons  of  ore  this  winter,  that 
averages  §25  per  ton  by  arastra.  Depth 
of  shaft,  150  ft. 

Flowers  &  Wnnderlich  have  commenced 
operations  on  the  "Myers"  (silver,)  at 
Highland. 

The  Vipond  leads  are  looking  splendid 
so  far  as  worked. 

Radersbubg. — Helena  Herald,  March  14 
Keating  &  Blacker  are  vigorously  at  wor 


on  the  Keating  and  Ohio  lodes.  They  have 
nearly  4,000  tons  of  fine  ore  on  the  dnmp, 
which  will  average  816  per  ton.  Their 
mill  will   commence  crushing  in  about  2 

weeks. 

Utah. 

Tintic— Salt  Lake  Tribune  of  March. 
22d,  has  the  following  C.  T.  Meader 
is  shipping  ore  in  large  quantities  from 
the  Sunbeam,  Swansea,  Lucky  and  other 
lodes.  A  number  of  smelters  are  to  start 
up  this  spring. 

A.  Mr.  Foley  has  bought  the  Joe  Bow 
ers  and  is  running  3  shifts  of  18  men.  The 
S.  L.  M.  Co.  has  resumed  work. 

Holcomb  has  let  a  contract  to  Rink  2 
shafts  on  his  Sunbeam  claim.  L.  J.  Whit- 
ney is  about  commencing  work  on  his 
claim  on  the  Sunbeam;  and  Moore's  claim 
on  the  same  ledge  is  yielding  Marketable 
ore. 

Ornm — Cor.  same:  Over  one  half  of 
the  Virgin  mine  was  sold  a  few  days  ago 
for  §12,000.  The  Lizzie,  close  by,  is  a  well 
defined  lead  down  about  50  ft.  with  a  good 
quantity  of  ore  in  the  mine  and  on  the 
dump. 

On  Chloride  Hill  the  ore  averages  §300 
to  §400.  The  Chloride  Queen  is  being  in- 
dustriously worked.  The  San  Joaquin 
just  below,  and  the  Chloride  Gem  just 
above,  are  both  lying  idle.  The  Gem  has 
a  35  ft.  shaft,  also  a  cut  and  tunnel,  all 
showing  the  best  of  chloride  ore.  The 
Jupiter  has  been  worked  some  of  late,  but 
only  to  keep  jumpers  off.  The  Gray,  a 
promising  looking  lead,1  is  soon  to  be 
proven  up.  The  Deardon  and  Annie  mines 
are  being  worked  with  paying  results. 
The  Struck  It  has  been  run  in  50  ft.,  and 
a  shaft  is  being  sunk  in  the  tunnel. 

Camp  Floyd. — Cor.  same:  The20-stamp 
mill  of  the  Camp  Floyd  Co.  will  be  run- 
ning by  the  first  of  May.  The  Sparrow 
Hawk  Co.  have  commenced  3  shafts  which 
they  are  sinking  fast,  as  well  as  blasting 
out  in  open  cuts  and  tunnels.  About  1,500 
tons  of  ore  are  on  the  dumps.  The  Silver 
Circle  is  reported  sold  for  §30,000.  The 
America  shaft  is  50  ft.  deep,  29  of  which 
goes  through  rock  that  assays  well. 

A  fine  seam  of  coal,  6  It.  in  thickness, 
has  been  opened  on  Chalk  Creek. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Direotory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Complied  weekly  from  adverttwmonts  In  the  Scibn* 
Tiyic  1'ia.sh  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME.  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

OATX  OF  ASSESSMENT.  DELINQUENT.      OF  8ALE. 

AlpsS.  M.  00.  Nov..  March  1,76a -April  9— Ami]  :t() 

Bloonitlchl  Grave]  U.Oo,  Cal.,  Feb  'J3.£:i  Mar.97— Apr.  13 

i  ,Oo  ,  Ni  v  .  u u .  33.$1.35. . ..  Lprll26— May  1.'. 

:inla  M.  Co.,  Nov..  Mar.  Ul,  fl.Aiir.  24— May  1H 

Guillen  Arc  A:  Empire  M. Co.  Feb.  '.I,  $2.50.  Mar.  12— Apr.3 

I  v  Curry,  Nov.,  Jan  yo,  $15 Mar.  t— .April  96 

Golden  Chariot,  I.  T,  Ian.  31— $2  60,  Mar.  9.  Mar.  30 
Grand  Duke  M.  Co.,  U.  T..  Mar. .'.,  'Joe.  .April  15— May  15 

Ida  Eliuorv.  Idaho.  March   6,  J:l April  11— Mav  10 

Bant]  .v  Hunl  s.M  Co. .Nov  .Jlar.'.'0.25c.  .Anr 'i'.i--M«'v  J7 
Kiie-aid  Flui  M.  Co..  Cal  .Fob.  14. $8.. Mar.  Is— Aprils' 
Knickerbocker.  M.c... Nov.,  Mar.-J:t,  50o..Apr/17—  May  17 

Hero  tint  B.  M    Co.  Mar.  8,  10c April  IS— May  7" 

Nnaatra  Benora  do  Quadelupe,  May  19,  |9.Ap  16 — Hays* 
OpblrS.  a  0.  m.  Go.  Cal.  Mar.  in.  90c..  April 20— May  7 
Overman  s.  M.Oo,  Gold  Hill.  Mar.  18, Sa.Apr.13— Mav  X6 
Borax  Co.,Nev.  Fill  98,  too.. March  28— April  10 
Peter  Walter  M.  Co. Placer  Co.  Mar.  11,  Sl.Apr.18— M*y  o 
Pbomix  B    M.,  Nov..  Mar.  19.  76c \pril  21— May  15 

Pocahontas  G.  H.  Co.,  Cal  .  Feb.  96,  86. .April  6— Maya* 

Quail  Hill  M  v.  w.  c...  Cal.  Feb.  15,15,  Mar.  26—  April  16" 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  P.I,  $1  Foil.  99—  Mar.  ■.".> 
South  Chariot  M.  Co..  I.  T.,  Fob.  »,  $1.  ..Mar.  u— Apriljl 

South  Eureka.  Nov.,  Mar.2,I5c April4-April  4:i 

Spring  Mt.  Tunnel  Co. .March  12.  15c. April  99— May  12* 
St.  Patrick  M.  Co.  Placer  co.  Cal.  Feb. 8. 54  Mar. 13— Apr.2 
8.  Gulch  Gr.  M.  Co., Cal.,  Feb  7,  fl.S0.Mur  18— April  3' 
Succor  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Nov,.  .Mar.  20,  32.. April  23— Mav  15 
Tccumsoh  O.S  tC.M.Co.i  l.Apr.23— Mny91» 

Washington  k  Creole  M.  Co,  Feb.  10, 60c.  Mar.  15— Apr.ll 
MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Arizona  fc  Utah  M.  Co \nnual  Meeting  April  s 

CadmUBM.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  I 

Hale  and  Norcross Special  Meeting  April  Ik 

KnoxG.  ,v  s.  M.  i.i Annual  Meeting  April  8 

Murphy  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  10 

Phceoix  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  1 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS—  (Within  Three  MonthB). 

Belcher,  $15 Payable  March  0 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $15  Payable  March  15 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co. I  perct.Pavable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $1 Payable  Feb.  in 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co..  $1.50 Payable  March  IX 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $3 Payable  Fob.  in 

Raymond  &  Ely,  S5 Payable  March  8 

*  Advertised  in  thiB  journal. 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker £  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  sircot.  1 

PRICES  FOB  INVOICES 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  guotfUinnA. 

Thursday,  March  23, 1872 

Scotch  and  English  Pig  Iron,  ^  ton S55  00    @  GO  00 

White  Pig.  "s*  ton ..... 45  00    & 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  T3  lb —  05    &  —  05'4 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  $  lb —  05};(ij)  —  06 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4. —  05 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board. 

San  Francisco,  March  27,  1872. 
Mining  Stocks  have  been  steady  and  in  good 
demand  during  the  week.  Sales  at  the  Board 
for  the  week  ending  "Wednesday  20th  inst. 
amounted  to  $4,309,000.  On  March  account 
thus  far  §289,839  has  been  shipped  from  the 
Raymond  &  Ely  mine.  The  North  Oro  Fino 
company  have  elected  as  trustees,  J.  W.  Cole- 
man, P.  F.  Bradford,  J.  H.  H.  "Williams,  M. 
Herman  and  J.  P.  Couch.  The  Secretary  re- 
ports a  balance  of  $4,GU0  on  hand.  The  last 
weekly  report  from  the  Chollar-Potosi  shows 
930  tons  of  ore  extracted,  assaying  $37.54  per 
ton,  and  $25,38G  shipped;  Crown  Point,  2,858 
tons  of  ore  sent  to  the  mill  valued  at  $159,717; 
Savage,  1,669  tons  of  ore  out  valued  at  $27.20 
per  ton.  On  March  account  $86,000  have 
been  received  from  the  Meadow  Valley  Mine. 
The  Lane  &  Kurtz'  Carribou  Company  held  a 
meeting  on  the  25th  inst.  and  the  following 
were  elected  trustees :  Jos.  Clark,  (President), 
J.  B.  Haggin,  Geo.  Hearst,  G.  D.  Roberts  and 
Ira  P.  Rankin.  "Wm.  Willis  was  elected  Secre- 
tary. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  P.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Feb.  21.   nighal.   Lowest.  March  28.  J.ti\  Dee. 

Alpha $35  41  33  41  6        — 

Amador —  —  —  —  —         — 

Belcher 610  650  600         650  40         — 

Buckeye 

Chollar-Potosi . . 

Caledonia  ,.:....  19K  1JX  17jS        Wi 

Cons.  Virginia. ..  46 

Crown  Point....  — 

Daney 31^ 

Eureka  Cons....  28 

Eureka 23 

Excelsior 100 

Gould  &  Curry.. 210 
Golden  Chariot..  21 
Hale  it  Norcross  320 

Imperial 130 

Ida  ISlraore li'.i 

KcnLuck — 

Mammoth — 

Meadow  Valley..  23V. 

Mahogany — 

Ophir BO 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.  10 

Overman 61 

Pioehe 16  10  UK        16Jii 

Ravinond  &  Ely. 131  134  122'.:      131 

Savage 252  202V         230         235 

Sierra  Nevada...  27J,'  32!|  27,,        32J£ 

Succor 5*. 

WaBli.  A  Creole..  7 
Yellow  Jacket. ..  84 

St.  Patrick — 

Seg.  Belcher....  70 


10 
09 
■V>X 


71 
19)4 

900 
i'A 

28« 

23 
100 
255 


82Xc 
25 
17 
80 
I3« 
67 
10 
13i 
202X 
32JI 

85 


42)4 
810 
o'i 

27'., 


235 
20 
307!^ 


70 
8)4 
57 
UK 


Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  07'4@  —  08 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  U.V£@ 

Sheet.  No.  14  to  20 —06    H 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —  06    (g> 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 6 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.     5     @  6 

Cofpeh.—  „ 

Sheathing,  5  Hi —24    @  —  28 

Sheathing,  Yellow" —  24    S  —  26 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11    g>  —  lljj 

Composition  Nails —24        — 

Composition  Bolts —  24         — 

Tin  Plates.—  _ 

Plates,  Charcoal.  IX  ci  box 12  00 

Plates,  IOCharcoal  10  00         10  50 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

BancaTin.  Slabs.  r1  !>> —  45 

STF.EL.— English  Cast,  ^  lb —  16         —  17 

Drill 16  17 

Flat  Bar 17  20 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 12)4 

Quicksilver.— %*  lb —  R5 

LEAD.-Pig.1ilb --05'.- 

Sheet —08 

Pipe —    » 

Bar 08 

ZlNc.-Shcets,  ffl  lb —  10 

Borax.— Refined —25 

Borax,  crude —    5 

Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  k  Bro.,  No.  109  Poet  st.] 
San  Feancisco,  Thursday,  March  '28,  1872. 

Sole  Leatheii. — The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  llrin. 

City  Tanned  Leather,^  D> 2fi[S29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  m  lb 26@2!) 

Country  Leather,  ^  lb ; 25(^29 

French  skin*  are  6rmcr  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  tirm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,  8  Kil..  per  doz *"W  Whm 

Jodot,  11  to  19  KiL.perdoz 76  00(a)  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  tolSKil.^doz 60  90@  76  00 

Leraoine.  16  to  19  Kil.,  ^  doz " 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz. . 

Cornellian,  16  KiL.perdoz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12  to  U  Kil.,  per  doz 60  OOig 

ORerauCalf,  "%  doz 54  00@ 

Simon.  IP  Kil.,]*  doz  65  00 

Simon, 'ill  Kil,  rt  doz 68  00 

Simon.  2-1  Kil.  fy  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00(5)  JO  01) 

French  KipB,  f*  B> 1  <0®    1  30 

California  Kip,  %  doz  65  00  to  80  00 

French  SlU'f!|i,  all  colors,  *p  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs, $  lb US, 

Sheep  Roans  for  Toppinc.  all  colors,  ^  doz. ...    8  00L 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings, Ijjl  doz 5  SOS 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75@ 

Best  Jodot  C'atf  Boot  Lees,  ^  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ty  pair 4  50@ 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs.^ji  pair *  00 

Harness  Leather,  '§>  lb 39,5)    371£ 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  3»  doz 48  00@  72  00 

Skirting  Leathi 
Welt  Leather,  I. 

Buff  Leather,  f>  foot 

Was  Side  Leather, 3*  foot.. 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


BID.  ASKED. 

Alpha  Cons H9.'^  40 

Amador 270  300 

Belcher 630  650 

Chollar-PotoBi,.      68  68 

Crown  Point. ...     900  1009 

Daney 3?4  4 

Eureka  ConB. . . .      26,'ii  27 

Eureka 17 

Golden  Chariot. 


t;  tjoiaen  unanon.  cu 
n  I  Gould  &  Curry.  241 
K     Hale  .t  Norcross    316 


il-J1, 
320 


BID.  ASKEI). 


Ida  Elmore..    _. 

Imperial 154 

Kentuck 267 

Meadow  Valley..    23!- 

Ophir 66*i 

Orig.  Hid.  Treaa     13 

Overman , .    65J^ 

Savage 230 

Raymond  &  Ely.  128 
Sierra  Nevada...  31 
Yellow  Jacket...     82 


70  00 

)  68  00 


A  Deep  Shaft.  —  The  Yellow  Jacket 
shaft;  on  the  Comstock  ledge  is  down  to 
the  level  of  the  Sutro  Tunnel  and  ia  being 
sunk  deeper.  -The  whole  depth  is,  accord- 
ing to  the  Virginia  Enterprise,  1898  feet, 
no  water  being  found  in  the  bottom.  This 
is  the  deepest  shaft  on  the  Continent. 

The  Sunflower  and  Nitrogen. — No 
plant  absorbs  nitrogen  so  rapidly  as  the 
sunflower,  as  ravenous  as  the  stomach  of 
an  ostrich.  A  pigeon  was  buried  between 
the  roots  of  a  sunflower,  after  some  weeks 
not  a  vestige  of  the  bird  was  found — the 

9   plant  had  devoured  and  digested  even  the 

"  I  feathers. 


198 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  30,  1872. 


The  Eureka  Consolidated  Mine. 

The  Eureka  Consolidated,  of  Eureka 
District,  is  perhaps  to-day  oDe  of  the  most 
valuable  mining  properties  in  the  United 
States,  if  not  in  the  world.  Certain  are 
we  that  there  is  nothing  in  Nevada  to  com- 
pare with  it.  Late  developments  establish 
the  continuity  of  the  ore,  almost  beyond 
a  doubt,  for  a  distance  of  1.000  feet;  the 
entire  length  of  the  claim.  The  ore  chan- 
nel, which  has  been  penetrated  to  a  depth 
of  215  feet  from  the  surface,  ranges  from 
10  to  70  feet  in  width.  Taking  the  aver- 
age of  the  ledge,  15  square  feet  will  yield 
a  ton  of  ore.  Estimating  the  body  of  ore 
already  developed  to  be  only  40  feet  wide, 
215  feet  deep,  and  1,000  long,  and  we  have 
309,666  tons,  which,  at  $90  per  ton,  pres- 
ent average  assays,  would  return  the  enor- 
mous sum  of  $27,599,940.  But  to  be  en- 
tirely safe  let  us  reduce  both  the  amount 
and  value  of  the  ore  just  one-half.  This 
would  give  153,333  tons,  at  $45  per  ton, 
the  gross  yield  of  which  would  be  $6,899,- 
985.  That  this  is  far  below  the  actual  value 
of  the  ore  now  in  sight  no  one  who  has 
lately  inspected  the  mine  will  for  a  mo- 
ment deny.  Competent  judges,  in  fact, 
estimate  the  present  available  resources  of 
the  mine  at  not  less  than  twenty  millions 
of  dollars  !  This,  remember,  is  only  the 
ore  above  the  215-foot  level.  Below  that 
point  the  supply  gives  promise  of  increas- 
ing rather  than  diminishing.  At  the  great- 
est depth  yet  attained  the  ore  channel  is 
still  widening  and  also  largely  appreciat- 
ing in  value,  as  has  been  demonstrated  by  a 
great  number  of  assays  since  the  late  un- 
precedented development.  The  truth  is, 
there  is  simply  a  world  of  ore  in  sight.  It 
is  gratifying  to  record  these  facts,  because 
they  place  Eureka  in  the  foremost  rank  of 
mining  districts  on  the  Pacific  coast,  there 
being  any  number  of  mines  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  Ruby  Hill,  which  furnish 
assurance  of  producing  untold  millions. 

Some  important  improvements  are  to  be 
immediately  inaugurated  by  the  company, 
reference  to  which  may  not  be  out  of  place 
here.  Eirst  a  narrow-gauge  railroad  is  to 
be  built  from  the  mine  to  the  Reduction 
"Works  at  a  cost  of  $35,000.  The  survey 
has  already  been  made.  Two  sets  of  steam 
hoisting  works  are  to  be  placed  on  the 
mine,  and  two  additional  furnaces,  capa- 
ble of  reducing  50  tons  each  per  day,  are 
also  to  be  erected.  These  latter  improve- 
ments will  involve  an  expenditure  of  about 
$30,000,  making  an  aggregate  outlay  of 
$65,000  for  contemplated  improvements. 
"When  the  seven  furnaces  are  once  in  full 
blast  they  will  smelt  about  300  tons  of  ore 
per  day. — Etireka  Sentinel. 

California  Wines  in  Europe. 

Julius  Dressel  of  the  Rhine  Farm,  So- 
noma County,  writes  I.  N.  Hoag,  Secretary 
of  the  Vine  Growers'  and  Wine  and  Brandy 
Manufacturers'  Association,  under  date  of 
March  5th,  as  follows: 

Last  fall  I  sent  a  box  with  samples  of 
Mission  and  foreign  wines,  out  of  the  vine- 
yards of  J.  Gundlach  and  my  own,  to  a 
brother  on  the  Rhine.  He  convoked  two 
meetings  to  test  our  California  wines — the 
one  at  Geisenheim,  on  the  foot  of  the  fam- 
ous Johannisberg,  the  other  at  Weisbaden 
— both  largely  attended  by  men  with  the 
most  cultivated  wine  tastes  and  tongues 
and  of  the  highest  standing  as  wine  judges. 
They  treated  the  matter  deliberately,  com- 
pared each  sample  with  counter  samples 
of  their  own,  drafted  protocols,  and  put 
down  the  opinion  of  the  meeting  about 
every  single  number.  Here  is  what  my 
brother  writes  me  as  the  sense  of  these 
meetings: 

"  Your  Reisling  of  1866  takes  the  first 
rank  (there  was  a  bravo  for  it) .  The  bou- 
quet is  unexceptionable;  besides  there  are 
strength  and  richness  in  it.  Next  comes 
Traminer  of  the  same  year,  which  is  beau- 
tifully ripe  and  very  fit  for  use.  The  Gute- 
del  of  1867  (golden  Chasselas)  resembles 
most  our  Rhenish  qualities;  and  the  Klein- 
berger  is  agreeable  light  and  smooth.  Of 
the  Mission  of  1865,  '67  '68  and '70,  the  1870 
pleased  best.  These  wines  of  the  Mission 
grape  are  pure  of  taste,  ripe  and  unctous; 
therefore,  with  their  sweetness  and  high 
percentage  of  genuine  alcohol,  they  may 
prove  splendid  cut-wines  for  our  poor  sour 
growths  of  the  last  three  crops.  A  lively 
interest  was  shown  for  the  red  Mission  of 
1869.  They  found  it  full,  strong,  of  a 
marked  Burgundy  flavor,  and  approaching 
the  taste  of  the  celebrated  Asmannshausen. 

They  thought  a  superior  Port  could  be 
made  out  of  it,  as  its  bouquet  surpassed 
the  Portuguese. 

The  champagne  of  the  Buena  Vista  Vini- 
cultural  Society  was  also  duly  appreciated, 
it  sparkled  first  rate,  was  not  too  dry,  hit- 
ting the  right  degree  of   sweetness.     Gen- 


erally there  prevailed  only  one  voice 
among  the  judges,  that  thesewines  far  sur- 
passed all  expectations;  and  I  remarked 
considerable  progress  since  I  tasted  them 
on  previous  occasions.  On  an  average, 
the  taste  is  pure,  agreeable;  and  they 
could  compete  with  our  Rhine  wines  of 
distinguished  years,  up  to  the  middle  qual- 
ities. They  also  show  a  very  appropriate 
cellar  treatment.  All  honor  to  your  Cali- 
fornia wines. 

As  my  brother  is  a  recognized  authority, 
having  been  selected  official  judge  of  the 
wine  departments  of  the  World's  Exhibi- 
tion at  London  and  Paris,  and  as  he  took 
only  the  most  competent  jurors,  who  were 
in  earnest  about  the  truth,  I  think  their 
verdict  on  California  wines  might  prove  of 
interest. 


Oriental  Fan  Palm. 

We  here  present  our  readers  a  truthful  illus- 
tration of  one  of  that  great  family  of  plants 
known  to  botanists  as  Palmaceje.  All  the 
plants  of  this  order  are  native  of  tropical  or 
semi-tropical  countries,  hut  there  are  varieties 
that  will  flourish  and  become  objects  of  great 
beauty  even  in  California  where  care  is  be- 
stowed upon  their  propagation.  In  their  na- 
tive clime,  they  are  considered  among  the  most 


The  Mining  Trustees'  Act. 

We  give  below  a  copy  of  the  Mining 
Trustees'  Act  as  it  was  finally  passed  by 
the  Senate  and  signed  by  the  Governor. 
Under  the  provisions  of  the  Act  it  will  be 
seen  that  a  majority  of  the  stockholders 
may  call  a  meeting  at  which  two-thirds  of 
the  stock  must  be  present,  when  by  vote  of 
a  majority  of  stock,  new  trustees  may  be 
elected: 

An  Act   supplemental  to  an   Act  entitled 
"An    Act    Concerning    Corporations," 
passed  April  22,  1850.  The  People  of  the 
State  of  California,  represented  in   Sen- 
ate and  Assembly,  do  enact  as  follows: 
Section  1.     On  petition  of  the  majority 
of  the   shareholders   of   any    corporation 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  mining  to  the 
County  Judge   of   the   county  where  said 
corporation  has  its  principal  place  of  busi- 
ness, verified  by  the  signers,  to  the  effect 
that  they  are  severally  the  holders  on   the 
books   of   the   company  of  the  number  of 
shares  set  opposite   their  signatures  to  the 
foregoing  petition,  the  County  Judge  shall 
issue  his  notice  to  the  shareholders  of  said 
company  that  a  meeting  of  the   sharehold- 
ers will  be  held,  stating  the  time,  not  less 
than  five  nor  more  than  ten  days  after  the 


ORIENTAL    FAN     PALM. 


valuable  of  all  the  tree  plants  given  by  a  kind 
providence  to  man,  as  affording  food  and  rai- 
ment and  numerous  objects  of  economical  im- 
portance. Wine,  oil,  wax,  flour,  sugar  and 
salt,  says  Humboldt,  are  the  produce  of  this 
family  of  plants;  to  which  Von  Martius  adds, 
thread,  utensils,  weapons,  food  and  habita- 
tions. 

The  date  tree  is  usually  classed  among  the 
palms,  and  the  palmetto  is  a  dwarfed  variety. 
They  grow  readily  from  seeds.  There  are  two 
varieties  known  as  Fan  Palm  and  the  Nekau 
Fan  Palm,  that  are  beautifully  ornamental,  the 
seed's  of  which,  with  those  of  the  Areca  Sapida, 
(N.  Z.)  palm,  and  the  Cordyline  Indivisa,  of 
the  palm  species,  can  be  had  at  the  seed  store 
of  E.  E.  Moore  of  this  city,  to  whom  we  are 
under  obligations  for  the  use  of  the  illustration 
here  given. 


Tannin  in  Wine. — The  use  of  tannin  from 
grape  seed  for  clearing  wines,  notwithstanding 
many  adverse  opinions,  seems  to  be  on  the  in- 
crease in  Europe,  and  Le  Sud-JLst  gives  reports 
of  comparative  tests  which  are  in  favor  of  its 
use.  The  tannin  is  obtained  by  digesting  12 
loth  (about  %  lb.)  of  pounded  grape  seed  with 
about  1.2  lbs  alcohol  in  a  closed  vessel.  The 
mass  is  stirred  frequently  during  15  days,  fil- 
tered, and  the  residue  again  treated  with  alco- 
hol. One  pound  is  sufficient  for  500  gallons  of 
wine. 


Marsh  lands  suitable  for  cranberry  cul- 
ture, near  Berlin,  Wis.,  have  advanced  in 
value  from  $1  or  less,  to  $100  per  acre. 


first  publication  of  such  notice,  and  the 
place  of  meeting  within  said  county  and 
the  object  to  be  to  take  into  consideration 
the  removal  of  officers  of  said  company, 
which  notice,  signed  by  the  said  County 
Judge,  shall  be  published  daily  in  one  or 
more  daily  newspapers  published  in  said 
county  for  at  least  five  days  before  the 
time  for  the  meeting. 

Sec.  2.  At  the  time  and  place  appointed 
by  said  notice,  those  claiming  to  be  share- 
holders, who  shall  assemble,  shall  proceed 
to  organize  by  the  appointment  of  a  Chair- 
man and  Secretary,  and  thereupon  those 
claiming  to  be  shareholders  shall  present 
proof  thereof,  and  only  those  showing  a 
right  to  vote  shall  take  part  in  the  further 
proceedings.  If  it  appears  that  at  the  time 
appointed,  or  within  one  hour  thereafter; 
shareholders  of  less  than  one-half  the 
shares  are  present,  no  further  proceedings 
shall  be  had,  but  the  meeting  shall  be  ipso 
facto  dissolved;  provided,  however,  that 
by  a  vote  of  the  holders  of  two-thirds  of 
the  capital  stock  of  the  corporations  afore- 
said, the  Board  of  Trustees  may  be  re- 
quired to  furnish  to  the  meeting  a  written 
detailed  statement  and  account  of  the 
affairs,  business  and  property  of  the  cor- 
poration ;  but  if  the  holders  of  more  than 
two-thirds  of  the  shares  are  present,  they 
shall  proceed  to  vote,  the  Secretary  call- 
ing the  roll,  and  the  members  voting  yes 
or  no,  as  the  case  may  be.  The  Secretary 
shall  enter  the  same  upon  his  list,  and 
when  he  has  added  up  the  list  and  stated 
the  result,  he  shall  sign  the  same,  and  hand 
it  to  the  Chairman,  who  shall  also  sign  the 
same  and  declare  the  result. 


Sec.  3.  If  the  result  of  the  vote  is  that 
the  holders  of  a  majority  of  all  the  shares 
of  the  company  are  in  favor  of  the  removal 
of  one  or  more  of  the  officers  of  the  com- 
pany, the  meeting  shall  then  proceed  to 
ballot  for  officers  to  supply  the  vacancies 
thus  created.  Tellers  shall  be  appointed 
by  the  Chairman,  who  shall  collect  the 
ballots  and  deliver  them  to  the  Secretary, 
who  shall  count  the  same  in  open  session; 
and,  having  stated  the  result  of  the  count 
in  writing,  shall  sign  the  same  and  hand  it 
to  the  Chairman,  who  shall  announce  the 
result  to  the  meeting. 

Sec.  4.  A  report  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  meeting  shall  be  made  in  writing, 
signedby  the  Chairman  and  Secretary,  and 
verified  by  them,  and  delivered  to  the 
County  Judge;  who  shall  thereupon  issue 
to  each  person  chosen  a  certificate  and  or- 
der of  his  election ;  and  shall  also  issue  an 
order  requiring  that  all  books,  papers  and 
all  property  and  effects  be  immediately  de- 
livered to  the  officers  elect;  and  the  peti- 
tions and  report,  indorsed  with  the  date 
and  fact  of  the  issuance  of  such  certificate, 
shall  be  delivered  to  the  County  Clerk,  to 
be  by  him  filed  in  his  office;  and  thereafter 
the  persons  thus  elected  officers  shall  be 
the  duly  elected  officers,  and  hold  office 
until  the  next  regular  annual  meeting,  un- 
less removed  under  the  provisions  thereof. 

Sec.  5.  For  all  services  in  these  proceed- 
ings the  County  Clerk  shall  receive  $10  on 
the  issuance  of  the  notice,  and  $10  on  the 
issuance  of  the  certificates. 

Sec.  6.  All  Acts  or  parts  of  Acts  con- 
flicting with  this  Act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec.  7.  This  Act  shall  take  effect  imme- 
diately. 

Wool  Report  for  1871. 

We  have  received  from  Miller  &  Co.,  of  San 
Francisco,  their  annual  Wool  Report  for  the 
last  year,  and  as  it  contains  many  points  of  in- 
terest we  extract  therefrom.  They  give  as  the 
total  receipts  of  wool  at  San  Francisco  from  all 
sources  domestic  and  foreign  as  follows: 
SrMM.uvr  op  Receipts. 

Spring  clip fts.  12,649,600 

Fall  clip 9,234,000 

Pulled  Wool 90,125 

From   Humboldt,    Oregon,    iWashington 

Territory,  and  British  Columbia 1,187  160 

From  Sandwich  Islands  and  Australia 1,016,'463 

From  Mexico 1^090 


Receipts  from  all  sources lbs.  24,178  438 

Add  stock  on  hand  Jan.  1st,  1871,  in 
store,  and  amount  held  for  scour- 
ing and  shipped 592,470 


Total 


lbs.  24,770,908 


Shipments. 

By  Railroad  to  Eastern  markets gross  lbs.  20,598,694 

By  Steamers  via  Panama do.    2,736.707 

By  Sailing  vessels  via  Cape  Horn...  do.       401,659 

To  Oregon do.        103,000 

To  Woolen  Mills  in  the  interior do.       188,134 

do.  24,028,194 
On  Hand  and  Retained  for  Local  Mills. 

Wool  on  hand  Feb.  29th lbs.      21,000 

Stock  City  Woolen  Mills  1871 . .        2,703,000 

do.     2,724,000 


Total do.  26,752,194 


State  Production. 

Spring  Clip  received lbs. 

do.       retained  by  Marysville  W.  M. . 

do.       Merced  FaUs 

do.       Los  Gatos  Man'g  Co... . 
do.       Stockton  Woolen  Mill 

(estimated) 

retained  by  San  Jose  W.  Mill. . 
forwarded  East  from  the  inte- 
rior (nett) 

Fall  Clip  received 

do.       retained  by  Marysville  W.  M. . 

do.  do.  Merced  Falls, 

do.  do.  Stockton    Woolen 

Mill  (estimated) 

do.  SanJoseW.  M 

do.           LosGatosMan'gCo. 
forwarded  East  from  the  inte- 
rior (nett) , 

[Note.— The  Sacramento  Woolen  Mills 
idle  during  the  year] .    Total  Fleece. 

Pulled  Wool  received lbs.  90,125 

do.  manufactured  in 

San  Francisco 900,000 


do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 


12,049,600 
138,300 
48,000 
11,532 

120,000 
None. 

421,755 

9,146,700 

124,700 

110,000 

90,000 
None. 
None. 


lbs.  23,286,128 


Total  product  of  California  for  1871.  .lbs.  24,276,253 
do.  do.  1870..  19,460,565 


Increase lbs.    4,815,688 


Several  extensive  gravel  mining  claims 
at  French  Corral  have  been  consolidated, 
and  the  owners  are  about  to  run  a  tunnel 
from  the  South  Yuba  river,  so  as  to  drain 
the  French  Corral  mines.  The  tunnel  will 
be  about  2,500  feet  long  and  will  be 
through  very  hard  rock. 

Trade. — Some  idea  of  the  rapidity  with 
which  our  China  and  Japan  trade  is  grow- 
ing may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that 
last  year  lv700,000  pounds  of  tea  were  re- 
ceived in  this  city,  and  this  year  15,000,000 
pounds. 

Oub  total  production  of  copper,  in  1871, 
amounted  to  27,000,000  pounds.  The  surplus 
at  the  beginning  of  the  year  was  10,700,000 
pounds  and  at  its  close  5,700,000  pounds.  The 
consumption  is  thus  shown  to  he  increasing 
faster  than  the  production. 


March  30,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


199 


Qood  H^l-TH- 


Brandy  as    a  Medicine. 

Brandr  kills  thouBandH  every  year  who  were 
healthy  before  they  began  the  use  ol  it;  then  it 
seems  fair  to  infer  that  it  will  kill  the  sick  more 

BgM  ■  'lily. 

Dr.  Lees  aays  that  he  was  living  near  Buck- 
ingham Palace,  in  London,  where  Prince 
albert  was  taken  wok.  His  oaae  w  m  doing  well 
fur  a  fow  <iays,  when  they  began  the  oaeof 
brandy  to  strengthen  him,  to  enable  aim  to  re- 
ooTer  more  rapidly;  the  more  he  was  stimulated, 
the  worse  he  grew  until  he  died.  It  is  hue 
thai  they  thought  it  was  the  beat  thing  for  him, 
but  their  think* T>e  bo  did  not  make  it  so. 

hen  it  was  the  custom  to 
attempt  curin  rnana  by  giving  bran- 

dy, one  "ut  <>f  every  four  died  at  Bdraborg 
1.    Since  then,  the  professor   oi   the 
i  department   has  treated   300  ■ 
tUttrhon  tremtna  without  alcohol,  without  losing 
■  single  patient. 

Professor  Gardam  r.  of  the  Glasgow  Onivi  rsi- 
.1  hundred  men  thirty ounoes  oi  alcohol; 
an  "Hi  of  the  hundred  died.  Another 
hundred  were  allowed  only  three  ounces,  and 
eleven  died  out  of  the  hundred.  Of  209  cases 
of  young  persons,  who  were  not  allowed  either 
wine  or  whisky,  not  one  <lied. 

In  a  teetotal  nbspitalan^Leeds,  of  MOO  patients 
who  took  not  a  drop,  all  recovered.  Let  facts 
decide. — h  of  Health. 

Whkn  do  Men  Die  ?— -Medical  experience 
proves  that  in  chronic  diseases  the  greater 
number  of  deaths  occur  just  before  dawn. 
This  is  eminently  true  of  brain  disease,  and  of 
those  related  cases  where  death  results  from 
nn  exhaustion  of  the  vital  power  through  over- 
work, excessive  excitement  or  nervous  prostra- 
tion. It  is  at  the  hour  of  five  o'clock  in  the 
morning  that  the  life  force  is  at  its  lowest  ebb, 
and  succumbs  most  readily  to  the  assault  of 
cnilepsy,  or  paralysis,  or  of  the  fatal  lethargy 
that  comes  in  those  vividly  beautiful  picture- 
dreams,  of  which  medical  science  has  as  yet 
found  no  name,  and  of  which  it  has  taken  no 
sufficient  cognizance.  Nine-tenths  of  those 
who  die  in  this  way  expire  in  their  sleep.  Men 
who  do  brain  work,  and  who  are  on  the  shady 
side  of  forty,  should  be  on  their  guard  against 
this  insidious  enemy.  They  should  beware  of 
five  o'clock  a.  m.,  for  it  is  a  perilous  hour.  Do 
you  find  yourself  unable  to  sleep  when  you 
retire  for  the  night,  exhausted  with  your  day's 
work?  Do  you,  in  vain,  turn  from  one  side  to 
tho  other?  Does  your  brain  persist  with  work- 
ing when  you  would  fain  have  it  rest?  Do  old 
saws  and  scraps  of  rhyme  repeat  themselves  in 
your  memory  with  wearisome  iteration,  defying 
your  utmost  efforts  to  silence  them?  Then,  I 
say  to  you,  beware!  You  will  be  sure  to  sleep 
at  last.  It  is  only  a  question  of  time,  for,  soon 
or  late,  nature  will  assert  her  rights. — Ex. 

High  Heeled  Shoes. — The  Examiner  of  this 
city,  recently  denounced  in  very  proper  terms 
the  prevailing  fashion  of  high-heeled  shoes, 
by  which  our  young  girls  are  weakening  their 
ankles  and  spoiling  the  shape  of  their  legs.  It 
says: 

Every  day  in  the  streets  of  San  Francisco,  or 
any  other  city,  we  suppose,  can  be  seen  human 
beings  of  all  ages  limping  along  in  painful 
grotesqueness,  instead  of  treading  the  earth  as 
if  they  (possessed  the  divine  right  to  trample 
dirt  under  foot.  It  is  with  little  expectation  of 
influencing  any  man  or  woman,  to  abandon 
high-heeled  boots  and  shoes — for  we  know  the 
obstinacy  of  both  sexes  in  all  matters  pertaining 
to  fashion— that  we  continue  our  remarks. 
But  no  man  of  observation  or  sensibility  can 
notice  without  pain  the  young  of  either  sex 
passing  him  on  the  street,  every  hour  in  the 
day  that  he  may  chance  to  be  abroad,  with  the 
distortion  of  the  ankle — the  constant  projection 
out  of  the  proper  line  of  the  lower  limbs,  with- 
out feeling  a  pang  of  regret  that  so  much  of 
future  misery  is  being  needlessly,  through  the 
demands  of  a  senseless  fashion,  entailed  upon 


Throat  and  .Lung  Diseases. — Most  of  the 
throat  and  lung  diseases,  which  indirectly  lead 
to  consumption,  are  occasioned  by  sheer  care- 
lessness. A  delicate  woman  often  sits  for  two 
or  three  hours  in  a  crowded  theater  or  church, 
breathing  an  atmosphere  tainted  by  the  exhala- 
tions from  the  lungs  of  hundreds  of  other 
people,  her  system  is  exhausted,  her  skin  is 
excited  by  unwonted  action,  and  when  she 
leaves  the  building  and  goes  out  into  the  cold 
air  her  blood  is  suddenly  driven  to  the  interior 
of  the  body,  and  then  ensues  a  more  or  less 
permanent  congestion  or  inflammation  of  some 
of  the  internal  organs — usually  the  air  tubes  in 
or  leading  to  the  lungs.  This  process  being 
repeated  many  times,  a  chronic  bronchitis  is 
finally  established  in  persons  otherwise  healthy, 
and  life  is  ever  after  rendered  miserable  by 
this  periodical  overheating  and  sudden  chilling 
of  the  body,  even  if  the  more  dangerous 
malady,  consumption,  does  not  interfere,  and 
put  the  abused  body  into  the  grave. 

Useful  Remedy. — On  good  authority  it  is 
promulgated  abroad  that  two  drops  of  turpen- 
tine oil  in  a  little  milk  is  a  complete  antidote 
to  phosphorous  poison.  Children  not  unfre- 
quently  bite  off  the  charged  end  of  phosphoric 
matches  and  swallow  them.  It  is  stated  that  a 
girl  was  recently  saved  in  England  by  this 
newly  discovered  remedy,  who  had  actually 
eight  match  ends  in  her  stomach. 


Critical    Periods    of  Human   Life. 

From  the  age  of  forty  to  that  of  sixty  a  man 
who  properly  regulates  himself  may  I 
ddered  in  the  prime  of  life.  His"  matured 
strength  of  constitution  renders  him  almost 
ions  to  the  attacks  of  disease,  and  all 
the  functions  are  in  the-  highest  order.  Having 
gone  a  year  or  two  past  sixty,  however,  he  ar- 
nves  at  u  critical  period  of  existence;  the  river 
Bows  before  him,  and  he  remains  at  a 
stand-still.     Hut  athwart  this  river  is  a  viaduct 

1  he  Turn  of  Life,"  which  if  ci  i 
safety   leads  to  tho  valley   "OM  Age,"  round 
which  the  river  winds,  and  then  flows  beyond 

Without  a  boat  or  cauMVav  to  effect  its    passage. 

The  bridge  is,  however,  constructed   of  fragile 
materials,  and  it  depends   upon  how  il  lg  trod- 
■  I  her  it  I  tend  or  break.    Gtaut,  apopli 

a  in  I  i.ihn-  hj  id  .  ha  meters,  are  also  in  the  vicini- 
ty to  waylay  the  traveler  and  thrust  him  from 
.  but  let  him  gird  Dp  his  loins,  pro- 
vide himself  with  perfect  oomposnr<  .  Co 
quote  a  metaphor,  the  "turn  of  life"  has  a 
turn  either  into  a  prolonged  walk,  or  into  the 
nave.  The  system  and  power  having  reached 
their  utmost  expansion,  now  begin  either  to 
close,  like  (lowers  at  sunset,  or  break  down  at 
onoe.  I  'in  injudicious  stimulant,  a  single  fatal 
excitement,  may  force  it  beyond  its  strength; 
whilst  a  careful  supply  of  props,  and  the  with- 
drawal Of  all  that  tends  to  force  Q  plant,  will 
BUStain  it  in  beauty  and  vigor  until  night  has 
nearly  set  in. 

A  BnCKDX  roil  Baldness. — The  bald  may 
now  take  courage  and  smile  at  the  frequent 
summer  fly.  It  is  no  new  lotion  that  is  to 
bring  back  the  hairs  of  their  youth  and  inno- 
cence, but  a  system  of  planting  hairs  in  the 
smooth  skin  of  the  head,  exactly  as  cabbages 
are  set  out  in  the  garden.  A  discoverer,  whose 
name  cannot  be  long  concealed  from  a  grateful 
world,  has  invented  a  plan  of  replanting  the 
hair  where  it  is  lost.  As  plants  grow  so  does 
the  hair.  It  is  rooted  and  thrives  like  a  vegeta- 
ble. The  operation  of  restoring  hair  is  very 
simple:  put  healthy  hairs  into  the  eyes  of 
needles  and  draw  the  needles  through  the  upper 
skin,  the  epidermis;  being  drawn  through,  the 
hairs  are  left  in  the  skin,  as  a  thread  may  be 
left  in  any  material  by  a  stitcher.  The  roots, 
which  have  been  extracted  with  their  bulbs 
complete,  are  brought  under  the  epidermis. 
The  surface  so  operated  on  is  protected  at  first 
by  a  lmen  band,  but  the  hairs  soon  take  root, 
grow,  and  flourish.  It  is  not  stated  whether 
having  the  skin  punctured  in  this  way  is  disa- 
greeable, and  how  often  it  is  fatal.  Lf  it  is  a 
success,  the  plan  has  many  advantages;  one 
can  have  any  color  of  hair  he  may  elect,  and 
he  can  plant  a  variety  of  colors,  and  thus  make 
his  appearance  striking  and  beautiful. — Mart- 
ford  l.'o'irttnt. 

A  Good  Remedy  fob  a  Cough. — Take  a 
handful  of  hops,  put  it  in  to  three  pints  of  hot 
water;  let  it  boil  one-half  hour,  or  until  the 
strength  is  out.  Then  strain,  and  add  one  and 
one-half  cups  of  best  kind  of  molasses,  and  one 
cup  of  white  sugar.  Then  boil  down  slowly  in 
a  bright  dish,  or  enamelled  kettle,  to  about  one 
quart.  Then  bottle  up,  and.  it  is  ready  for 
use.    Drink  a  little  when  you  cough. 

Suitable   Dresses. 

As  for  dresses  suitable  to  certain  persons,  I 
need  say  but  little.  There  are  many  books  on 
the  etiquette  of  dress,  showing  what  is  proper 
to  be  worn  in  the  morning  and  in  the  evening 
and  at  noonday.  A  few  very  simple  rules  will 
suffice  here.  Those  who  are  veryfstout  should 
wear  nothing  but  black;  those  who  are  very 
thin  should  put  a  little  padding  in  their  gowns; 
and  neither  should  be  in  the  least  decoUettee. 
Perpendicular  stripes  in  dresses  give  hight,  and 
increase  fullness,  and  are  therefore  particularly 
suited  to  very  slight,  small  people,  and  par- 
ticul  arly  unlited  for  stout  figures.  To  fair 
persons,  blue  is  becoming — but  not  every  blue. 
Dark  blue,  or  two  brilliant  a  blue,  is  extremely 
unbecoming  to  that  kind  of  complexion,  and 
makes  the  skin  yellow  and  the  hair  sandy.  It 
is  the  old,  pale,  dull  blue  that  really  makes 
sand  gold.  Pink,  especially  the  old-fashioned 
yellow  pink,  is,  when  not  two  brilliant,  becom- 
ing to  to  all  complexions  except  that  which 
goes  with  red  hair.  Light  green  may  be 
safely  worn  by  the  very  dark,  the  very  rosy, 
and  by  the  very  pale  when  the  skin 
is  extremely  clear;  but  to  ordinary  English 
faces  it  is  a  trying  color,  though  there  are  people 
who  look  well  in  nothing  else.  Green,  mixed 
properly  with  pale  blue,  is  very  becoming  in- 
deed. Gray  is  the  most  becoming  for  old  and 
young— I  mean  the  soft  silver  gray  which  is 
formed  by  equal  parts  of  black  and  white,  with 
no  touch  of  mauve  in  it.  It  admits  of  any 
color  in  trimming,  and  throws  up  the  bloom  of 
the  skin.  Rose-color,  for  some  peorjle,  is 
pretty,  and  not  unbecoming.  White,  so  disas- 
trous to  rooms,  is  generally  becoming  in  dress 
— only  very  coarse  complexions  are  spoilt  by  it. 
Short  women  should  never  wear  double  skirts 
or  tunics — they  decrease  the  hight  so  much; 
unless,  indeed,  the  tunic  is  verv  short  and  the 
skirt  very  long.  So  also'do  large,  sprawling  pat- 
terns used  for  trimmings.  Let  these  be  left  to 
women  tall  enough  to  carry  them  off.  Neither 
let  a  very  little  woman  we  ar  her  hair  half  down  her 
back;  let  her  lift  it  cleanup  as  high  as  pos- 
sible.— St.  Paul's  Magazine. 


M.  K.  Young,  of  Grant  Co.,  "Wis.,  has 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  mules  make 
the  best  farm  teams,  after  having  tried 
light  and  heavy  horses. 


IJSEfjL     IfJfOf\f1^JlOM. 


The  Proportion  of  Pipes. 

w  -ubjoin  a  sketch  of  a  handy  little  contri 
vance,  designed  by  Mr.  George  Cookburn,  pat- 
tern-maker, Glasgow,  for  ascertaining  Ihe  diam- 
eter of  a  pipe,  etc.,  having  a  sectional  area 
equal  to  that  of  two  other  pipes,  or  via 
The  instrument  consists  simply  of  a  piece  ol 
wood  "ii  cardboard  shaped  like  a  set  square,  as 
shown  in  the  accompanying  diagram  of  the 
same  form  drawn  on  paper;  and  divided  out 
along  the  two  edges  which  are  at  right  angles 
to  each  other,  the  divisions  being  taken  to  P  p- 
resent  inches,  feet,  or  yards,  etc.,  according 
to  the  land  of  work  "for  which  the  instru- 
ment is  used,  win  ii  employed  for  determining 
ill  equivalent  diameter  of  pipes  or  bars,  inch 
subdivisions  will  generally  be  found  most  con- 
venient. 

The  mode  of  using  the  instrument  will  be 
readily  understood  from  an  example.  Suppose 
for  instance  that  two  pipes,  A  and  B  (Fig-  21 
respectively  5  in.  and  &%  in.  in  diameti  r,  d<  - 
liver  into  a  third  pipe,  D,  and  it  be  required  to 
find  the  proper  diameter  for  the  latter  pipe. 
Then  from  5  on  tho  scale  of  one  of  the  divided 
edges  to  -Vy9  on  the  other  draw  a  line,  as  shown 
dotted  in  Kg.  1,  and  the  length  of  this  line 
measured  with  the  same  scale  as  that  to  which 
the  edges  are  divided  will  be  the  diameter  of 
pipe  required,  in  this  case  G\  in.  Oil  the 
otiur  hand,  if  a  pipe,  D,  *V!+  in.  in  diameter, 
be  delivered  into  a  pipe,  A,  5  in.  in  diameter, 
and  it  was  required  to  know  what  other  size  of 
pipe,  B,  could  also  be  supplied,  all  that  would 
be  necessary  would  be  to  take  the  division 


point  5  on  one  edge  as  a  center  and  with  6% 
in.  as  a  radius,  describe  an  arc  cutting  the 
other  divided  edge.  The  point  at  which  the 
latter  edge  was  cut  by  this  arc  would  show  the 
diame.ter  of  the  pipe  required. 

Besides  being  useful  for  determining  the  di- 
ameters of  pipes  or  circles  of  equivalent  areas, 
the  instrument  is  also  available  for  determin- 
ing the  sides  of  equivalent  squares,  while  by  a 
little  contrivance  it  can  be  made  available  for 
determining  the  diameter  (or  length  on  the 
side  if  square)  of  a  pipe  or  bar  having  a  sec- 
tional area  equal  to  the  aggregate  sectional 
areas  of  any  number  of  other  pipes  or  bars  of 
which  the  diameters  (or  lengths  on  side  if 
square)  are  known.  To  use  it  for  this  purpose 
it  is  only  necessary,  first,  to  determine  by  its 
aid  the  diameter  of  pipe  or  bar  equivalent  to 
any  two  of  the  whole  number,  and  nest  to  as- 
certain the  equivalent  of  the  diameter  thus  as- 
certained, and  that  of  a  third  pipe  or  bar,  and 
so  on.  The  arrangement  of  the  instrument  is, 
of  course,  founded  on  the  fact  that  the  areas  of 
squares  and  circles  increase  as  the  squares  of 
their  sides  and  diameters  respectively,  and  that 
the  square  of  the  hypothenuse  of  a  right-an- 
gled triangle  is  equal  to  the  sum  of  the  squares 
of  its  two  sides. 

Mattress  Making. — Whether  they  are  filled 
with  hair,  or  flocks,  or  straw,  the  process  is 
similar.  They  are  made  in  a  frame  the  sides  of 
which  are  bored  withja  "%  in .  bit  about  every  3 
in.;  same  with  the  posts,  so  that  they  may  be 
altered  to  make  any  sized  mattress.  If  the 
mattress  is  for  a  wood  bedstead,  a  square  block 
is  put  in  each  corner  of  the  frame,  and  the 
straw  is  rammed  hard  to  it,  so  that  the  corners 
may  be  square,  and  fit  the  bedpost.  For  iron 
bedsteads,  no  corner  blocks  are  used.  A  mate- 
rial called  "farfar"is  generally  used  for  the 
upper  and  under  sides,  and  for  a  better  mat- 
tress brown  holland.  For  the  edges,  bed  tick- 
ing cut  across  the  piece,  and  about  6  in.  wide, 
will  do.  The  tufting  down  is  generally  done  by 
girls,  on  a  table  with  laths  for  the  top,  so  that 
the  mattress  needle,  which  is  about  10  in.  long, 
may  be  passed  through. 

India  Rubber  Carriages. — A  company  is 
putting  up  a  large  factory  in  Fairfield,  Ct.,  and 
will  shortly  engage  in  the  building  of  carriages 
made  entirely  of  India  rubber,  except  in  axles 
and  tires.  A  decided  superiority  is  claimed  for 
the  material  over  wood. 


The  manufacture  of  rails  in  this  country  has 
just  doubled  in  the  last  six  years. 


Light  in  Darkness. 

The  Paris  Ftoaro  gives  the  following  method 
ol  obtaining  light  instantly,  without  the  use  of 
matches  and  without  the  danger  of  setting 
things  on  tire:  "  Take  an  oblong  vial  of  the 
and  dearest  glass,  put  in  a  piece  of 
phosphorous  about  the  size  of  a  pea,  upon 
which  pour  some  olive  oil,  heated  to  the  boiling 
point,  filling  the  vial  about  one-third  full,  and 
then  seal  the  vial  hermetically.  To  use  it.  re- 
move the  cork,  and  allow  the  air  to  enter  the 
vial,    and    then    i-eoik    it.      The    wholfl 

space  in  the  bottle  will  then  become  luminous, 
and  the  tight  obtained  will  be  equal  to  that  of  a 
lamp.  As  soon  as  the  light  grows  weak  its 
pow<  i  can  l"-  increased  by  opening  the  via]  and 
allowing  a  fresh  supply  of  air  to  enter.  In 
winter  it  is  sometimes  necessary  to  heat  the 
vial  between  the  bands  to  increase  the  fluidity 
of  the  oil.  Thus  preparing  the  vial  may  be 
used  for  six  months.  The  contrivance  is  now 
used  bv  the  watchmen  of  Paris  in  all  magazines 
where  explosive  or  innammable  materials  are 
stored." 


The  Stbam  Sand  Jet  has  been  applied  to 
new  and  important  uses  in  Philadelphia, 
namely,  wood  engraving,  the  decoration  of  mar- 
ble and  tin-  cleaning  of  brass  castings,  To  en- 
grave upon  wood  with  the  sand  blast,  it  is 
necessary  to  photograph  the  object  to  be  repro- 
duced upon  the  prepared  surface  of  the  block, 
and  this  being  exposed  to  the  blast  with  certain 
precautions,  is  engraved  in  a  few  minutes.  It 
is  stated  that  specimen  engravings  are  soon  to 
be  published,  which  will  afford  the  public  an 
opportunity  of  comparing  the  work  done  by  the 
sand-jet  with  hand  work.  If  the  claims  of 
those  interested  in  the  process  are  well  founded, 
the  introduction  of  the  new  system  will  greatly 
reduce  the  cost  of  wood  engraving. 

Purifying  "Water. — It  is  claimed  that  metal- 
lic iron  affords  the  readiest  and  simplest  means 
of  disinfecting  water,  and  of  keeping  it  fresh. 
The  water  of  the  Thames,  taken  to  the  sea  in 
iron  tanks,  soon  becomes  perfectly  sweet,  aud 
remains  so  during  a  long  voyage.  A  small 
piece  of  iron  or  a  few  nails  in  the  water  in 
which  cut-flowers  are  put  will  keep  the  water 
sweet.  The  experiment  has  been  tried  of  put- 
ting some  iron-fillings  in  a  vessel  with  a  very 
small  quantity  of  water  and  then  placing  a 
leech  therein.  After  six  months  had  passed, 
the  water  was  found  quite  fresh,  and  the  leech 
alive  and  healthy. 


Mechanical  Hints. 

To  Restore  Furniture  that  has  been 
marred  or  scratched: — Purchase  one  pound  of 
beeswax,  and  scrape  it  into  shavings  in  a  pan; 
add  half  a  gallon  spirits  turpentine,  and  one  pint 
linseed  oil.  Let  it  remain  twelve  hours,  then 
stirr  it  well  with  a  stick,  into  a  liquid ;  while  stir- 
ring, add  one  quarter  pound  shellac  varnish 
and  one  ounce  alkanet  root.  Put  this  mixture 
into  a  gallon  jar,  and  stand  it  before  the  fire,  or 
in  oven,  for  a  week,  (to  keep  it  just  warm), 
shake  it  up  three  or  four  times  a  day.  Then 
strain  it  through  a  half  sieve  into  half  and 
quarter  pint  bottles,  corked  and  sealed  with 
pretty  label  in  front.  Pour  about  a  teaspoon- 
ful  on  a  wad  of  baize,  go  lightly  over  the  face 
aud  other  parts  of  mahogany  furniture,  then 
apply*  a  similar  wad,  dry  briskly,  and  in  three 
minutes  it  will  produce  a  dark  brilliant  polish 
unequaled.     This  receipt  is  of  great  value. 

Another  Preparation  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows:— Make  a  mixture  of  three  parts  linseed  oil 
and  one  part  spirits  of  turpentine.  It  not  only 
covers  the  disfigured  surface,  but  restores  wood 
to  its  original  color,  and  leaves  a  luster  upon 
the  surface.  Put  on  with  a  woolen  cloth,  and 
when  dry,  rub  with  woolen. 


Tempering  Spiral  Springs. — Take  oil  nnd 
put  it  into  anything  you  have  of  the  size  for 
dipping  your  job  in,  two  inches  deep,  add 
water  with  about  one  ounce  of  common  wash- 
ing soda  to  the  pint,  about  two  inches  deep. 
Have  a  tube  to  heat  your  springs  in,  or  a  bet- 
ter way,  make  the  tube  red  hot  and  insert  the 
springs,  and  when  hot  toss  them  into  the  pre- 
pared bath.  Take  carefully  out  and  put  into  a 
tin.  Cover  with  oil,  and  put  over  the  fire  until 
it  boils  and  catches  fire.  It  will  first  burn 
blue.  Keep  it  there  a  few  moments  until  it 
boils  clear  and  bright;  then  slack  down  by 
plunging  it  into  oil  altogether.  You  will  find 
them   the  right  temper  for  springs  for  any  put- 


Watch  Cleaning. — A  correspondent  says : — 
"  To  clean  a  watch,  even  if  it  be  of  the  lowest 
grade,  the  barrel  or  mainspring  box  should  al- 
ways be  taken  apart,  the  arbor  and  spring  taken 
out  and  cleaned,  fresh  oil  being  applied  before 
the  cover  is  replaced.  That  there  is  nothing 
better  than  naphtha  for  cleaning  purposes,  is 
the  opinion  of  most  watchmakers.  If  the  watch 
has  a  fusee,  that  also  should  undergo  the  same 
treatment  as  the  mainspring  box.  The  pivots 
also  form  an  important  part  of  the  mechanism 
of  a  watch;  and,  to  be  examined  as  they  always 
should  be,  necessitates  the  act  of  taking  the 
watch  apart.  Such  attention,  no  honest  prac- 
titioners will  overlook." 


In  the  fourteenth  century  the  average 
yield  of  wheat  in  Great  Britain  was  only 
ten  bushels  per  acre.  Now  lands  in  our 
older  States  have  been  reduced  to  about 
the  same  average,  but  the  average  of  Great 
Britain  now  is  about  three  times  that 
amount. 


200 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS^ 


[March  30,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editob. 


DEWEY  «&  CO.,  I*u.T>lIsliers. 


A.  T.  DKWKT, 
W.  B.  KWER, 


GEO.  H.  STEONS, 
JNO.  L.  BOONE. 


Office.  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
"Wells,  Fargro  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising  Rates.— lweek.   lmontk.    3  months,   lyear. 

Per  line 25  .80  52.00         $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3  00  7.50         20.00 

One  inch 2.00  5.00  14.00  38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance — For  one  year,  $4; 
six  months,  $2. 50;  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1*3  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  postpaid,  per  year, 
£1  3a.;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion, la. ;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  od.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 


San  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  Mar.  30,  1872. 

Gold  and  Leg-al  Tender  Rates. 
San  Feancisco,    Wednesday,  March  27,  1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying,  01^ ;  selling,  91%.    Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  110&. 


Table  of  Contents. 

Mechanical  Progress.— Metal  for  Bearings;  Case- 
Hardenina;  Steeled  Wheels;  Carved  Locomotive 
Smoke-Stack;  Broad  and  Narrow  Gauge;  Iron  Cars; 
Enamel  for  Metals,  195. 

SoiENTrFrc  Progress.— Peculiar  Phenomena  Observed 
in  Quarrying;  Tehauntepec  Ship  Canal;  The  Late  So- 
lar Eclipse;  Solid  Iron  Floating  on  Melted  Iron;  Sec- 
System  of  Notation;    Exploration  of  Rome,  105. 

Useful  Information.— Lieht  in  Darkness;  Mattrass 
Making;  The  Steam  Sand  Jet;  Purifyins  Water;  In- 
dia-rubber Carriages;  Mf.chanioal  Hints  —To  Re. 
store  Furniture;  Tempering  Spiral  Springs;  Watch 
Cleaning,  199, 

Good  Health.— Brandy  as  a  Medicine;  When  Do  Men 
Die?  High-Heeled  Shoes;  Throat  and  Lung  Diseases; 
Critical  Periods  of  Human  Life;  A  Remedy  for  Bald- 
ness, 199. 

Domestic  Economy. — Food,  and  How  to  Use  It;  Tea 
and  Tea  Mixe=;  Food  Values;  Effect  of  a  Continued 
Bread  Diet;  etc.;  203. 

Editorials.— The  Dank's  Rotary  Puddling  Furnace:  A 
New  Blasting  Powder;  Geological  Report,  193.  The 
Mining  Incorporation  Law;  The  Thresher's  Guide 
and  Farmer's  Friend:  Butter  Going  East;  Mechanical 
Genius;  Oregon  Looming  Up;  S'enro  Plows  vs.  Horse 
Plows;  New  Publications;  Coal  Ashes,  200.  Mining 
Accidents  ;  Inventor  of  the  Pneumatic  Despatch  : 
Mining  Co.'s  Reports;  Accumulation  of  Tailings,  201. 

Misof,llaneotjs.— Utah  Ores;  The  Gold  of  the  Black 
Hills;  Lead:  New  Discoveries,  194.  The  Eureka  Con- 
solidated Mine;  California  Wines  in  Europe;  The  Min- 
ing Trustees  Act;  Wool  Report  for  1871, 194.  Suitable 
Dresses,  199  Alkali  Soils;  New  Incorporations;  Smelt- 
ing in  Pittsburgh,  204. 

Illustrations.— Emery  Wheels,  193.  Oriental  Fan 
Palm,  198.    An  Improved  Quartz  Mill,  201. 

Correspondence. — Quartz  in  Tuolumne  County,  194. 

Mining  Summary.— Reports  from  Mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and^Districts;  Stock  Reports,  Markets, 
Etc.,  196-7. 


Chasing  a  Meteor. — During  the  pass- 
age o±  a  meteor  in  Mexico  lately,  the  ob- 
servations were  taken  at  different  places 
and  the  progress  noted  by  means  of 
the  telegraph,  from  one  point  to  another. 
The  American  Journal  of  Science  for  March 
contains  the  reports  of  its  appearance  and 
time  in  traveling  between  different  places. 
Forty-five  minutes  elapsed  from  the  mo- 
ment the  meteor  was  observed  at, Mexico, 
till  the  moment  it  made  itself  visible 
at  Vera  Cruz,  320  Kilometres  distant. 
Truly,  electricity  can  be  made  subservient 
to  many  uses,  but  this  is  the  first  time  we 
ever  heard  of  it  "heading  off  "a  meteor, 
like  a  runaway  cashier. 

Coast  Review. — We  have  received  a  number 
of  the  Coast  Beview,  a  monthly  journal  hereto- 
fore devoted  to  insurance  interests  alone,  but 
which  has  added  a  mining  department.  Among 
the  articles  is  one  headed  "Our  Mining  Pros- 
pects," credited  to  the  Bulletin  of  the  12th  lust., 
which  was  taken  by  that  paper  from  the 
Scientific  Press  of  the  9th,  without  the  usual 
courtesy  of  saying  where  it  came  from.  The 
Review  has  a  large  field  and  we  -wish  it  success. 
■  ♦  ■      

Mining  Enterprise. — J.  T.  McClean 
Esq.,  has  purchased  a  gravel  claim  in  Ta- 
ble Mountain  for  $2,000.  The  Democrat 
says  he  has  let  a  contract  to  get  in  water 
enough  for  working  it  by  hydraulic  power, 
which  will  cost  $12,000. 


Becetved  from  L.  M.  McKenny,  Sacra- 
mento City  Directory,  and  Gazetteer 
Directory  of  Central  Pacific  Eailroad  for 
1872. 


On  File. — "Notes  of  Travel  in  Nevada 
Co.,"  L.  P.  Mo.;  Communication  from 
"Exile." 


The  Mining  Incorporation  Law. 

"We  give  in  another  column  the  full  text 
of  the  new  mining  incorporation  bill  as 
signed  by  the  Governor.  It  has  already 
become  practically  inaugurated  by  the 
stockholders  of  the  Savage  Mining  Co., 
who  held  a  meeting  last  Saturday,  ousted 
the  Trustees,  and  elected  a  new  Board. 
Moreover  there  are  a  number  of  changes 
contemplated  in  which  the  same  action 
will  be  taken.  Still,  where  the  Trustees 
control  one-third  of  the  stock  no  such 
thing  can  take  place,  and  if  they  do  not, 
they  will  resign  rather  than  undergo  the 
unpleasant  notoriety  of  being  ejected. 
There  is  no  doubt  but  the  law  will  enforce 
and  create  more  respect  for  the  wishes  of 
the  majority  than  has  hitherto  been  shown 
by  Trustees,  since  they  now  have  the  pow- 
er to  insist  on  desired  measures  under 
penalty  of  removal.  The  law  will  un- 
doubtedly reform  some  of  the  old  abuses 
which  stockholders  were  subjected  and  af- 
ford additional  safeguards  to  persons  in- 
terested in  incorporated  mining  compan- 
ies. The  loose  management  which  has 
been  experienced  by  many  companies  can 
now  be  remedied,  for  under  the  old  sys- 
tem Trustees  were  elected  for  one  year, 
competent  or  not,  honest  or  unreliable, 
whereas  now,  if  the  stockholders  are  dis- 
satisfied they  can  remove  them  and  substi- 
tute new  ones  till  they  get  a  Board  that 
does  suit. 

The  ring  system,  which  has  done  so 
much  to  discourage  legitimate  mining  en- 
terprise has  received  a  check  by  the  pass- 
age of  this  bill,  for  other  parties  have 
some  voice  in  the  way  matters  are  man- 
aged as  well  as  the  Trustees,  by  hav- 
ing the  power  to  remove  them  when  any 
symptoms  of  artifice  become  apparent. 
Those  who  are  really  honest  and  reliable 
men  and  who  manage  their  business  prop- 
erly, in  the  interest  of  the  parties  they 
represent,  will  be  sure  to  meet  with  proper 
appreciation,  while  objectionable  men  will 
seldom  hold  the  position  of  trustee  more 
than  once.  Incorporated  companies,  with 
Boards  of  Trustees,  are  necessities  which 
cannot  be  done  away  with,  for  mining  of 
all  kinds  requires  capital  which  can  be 
procured  in  no  better  way,  than  by  con- 
solidation of  means;  still  stock  operations 
should  be  conducted  with  honesty  and  fair 
dealing  so  that  the  unsophisticated  specu- 
lator with  small  means  should  have  some 
other  chance  than  that  of  losing  his  money. 
Information  concerning  developments,  or 
strikes  in  mining  ground  is  as  much  the 
property  of  one  stockholder  as  another, 
still  we  continually  see  examples  where 
such  information  is  withheld  until  the 
trustees,  who  are  supposed  to  protect  the 
interest  of  the  company,  have  been  able  to 
buy  stock  at  low  prices,  and  then  sell  out, 
when  the  strike  became  known,  at  a  large 
advance.  This,  oftentimes,  with  the  com- 
pany's money. 

The  operation  of  this  law  will  do  much 
to  uphold  and  assist  the  most  prosper- 
ous and  best  paying  business  on  the  Pa 
cific  Coast,  that  of  mining,  for  parties 
who  have  heretofore  looked  upon  it  as 
a  very  dangerous  speculation,  will  now 
enter  the  field  with  more  confidence, 
being  assured  there  are  legal  rights  to 
stockholders  which  trustees  are  bound 
to  respect.  Stock  speculations,  of  course 
always  will  exist,,  and  fraudulent  transact- 
ions will  occurr,  so  it  is  very  little  use  to 
talk  about  them,  but  parties  who  go  into 
mining  companies  for  the  purpose  of  le- 
gitimately working  a  mine,  and  who  ex- 
pect their  profit  in  the  form  of  dividends, 
rather  than  fluctuations  of  stock,  are  af- 
forded more  protection  than  ever  before 
in  former  years. 


Responsibility  oe  Stockholders. — The 
committee  on  corporations,  in  the  Senate 
have  reported  favorably  on  the  bill  to 
regulate  the  responsibility  of  stock- 
holders. 


Mechanical  Genius. 

A  London  critic  of  high  literary  attainment, 
speaks  of  Joaquin  Miller  as  the  "uneducated 
poet,"  declaring  that  the  "poet-was  borninhim, 
irrespective  of  the  advantages  of  education  to 
bring  it  out." 

The  same  might  be  said  of  the  mechanical 
genius  of  thousands  of  the  boys  of  our  land, 
including  the  "  hoodlum  "  element.  Much  of 
true  mechanical  genius  now  lies  dormant  and 
may  ever  remain  so,  for  the  want  of  some  sys- 
tem of  encouragement,  education  or  training, 
some  little  help  to  its  development. 

The  State  of  Massachusetts  ever  awake  to  the 
importance  of  the  education  of  her  sons,  is 
moving  in  the  right  direction,  by  instituting  as 
a  branch  of  her  educational  system,  schools  in 
which  the  poorer  classes  may  be  taught  the 
rudiments  of  mechanical  trades,  with  the  view 
of  drawing  out  anything  like  a  latent  genius, 
that  may  be  slumbering  in  minds  that  but  for 
help  thus  afforded,  might  be  lost  to  themselves 
and  to  mankind. 

Mechanical  genius  and  invention  is  making 
rapid  develpoment  in  California  as  shown  by 
the  records  of  our  own  company's  patent 
agency,  and  yet  our  Legislature  at  the  instance 
of  the  people,  could  do  nothing  better  for  the 
educational  interests  of  our  State,  than  lend 
every  encouragement  within  the  scope  of  their 
authority,  towards  the  fostering  of  a  mechan- 
ical branch  of  our  educational  system. 

Steam  Plows  vs.  Horse  Plows. 

The  Vienna  Ldw.  Zlg.  contains  an  official  re- 
port of  some  experiments  with  steam  cultiva- 
tion made  in  1870  to  1871,  in  Altenburg,  on 
lands  belonging  to  the  Grand  Duke  Albrecht  of 
Austria.  A  field  was  selected  and  divided  into 
sections  of  from  6  to  30  acres  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  to  make  the  comparative  trials  as  fair  as 
possible.  Some  of  these  sections  were  plowed 
with  the  aid  of  horses  in  the  common  manner, 
while  on  others  steam  plows  were  used.  The 
land  was  plowed  at  the  end  of  June,  1870,  and 
then  left  untouched  until  the  spring  of  1871, 
when  it  was  planted  with  beets.  The  follow- 
ing is  the  yield  per  acre  of  the  sections  plowed. 

With  Horse  Plows  10  to  12  inches  deep 12.GS3.5  lbs. 


With  Steam  Plows  12 

With  Steam  Plows  17 

With  Steam  Cultivators  10  to  12 


....  17,796,  A 
...1A.400.5  " 


Showing  an  increased  yield  in  favor  of  steam 
cultivation  of  40,  76  and  24  per  cent,  respec- 
tively. 

"  The  experimental  sections  were  chosen  ad- 
joining one  another  in  such  a  way  that  differ- 
ence in  the  soil  could  have  had  no  great 
influence  on  the  increased  yield,  but  only  the 
more  perfect  work  obtained  by  steam  cultiva- 
tion.'* 


California  Butter  Going  to  the   East. 

On  the  Saturday  evening  freight  train  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  there  went  forward  a 
cargo  of  California  butter — and  invoice  of  20,- 
000  pounds — forwarded  by  Wooster  &  Shattuck, 
and  consigned  to  John  S.  Martin  &  Co.,  and 
T.  S.  Doremus  and  Co.,  New  York — to  go 
through  in  sixteen  days.  This  lot  of  butter  is 
intended  to  show  our  Eastern  friends  that  we 
have  articles  to  export  of  which  California  has 
heretofore  been  a  great  importer,  and  the  ship- 
pers have  taken  pains  in  putting  up  this  lot  of 
butter  in  a  manner  to  do  justice  to  the  Point 
Reyes  dairies.  A  small  lot  of  butter — over  600 
pounds — not  at  all  to  compare  with  this  in 
quantity,  was  shipped  a  year  ago,  and  then  at- 
tracted a  good  deal  of  attention,  winning  favor- 
able and  lengthy  notice  from  the  New  York 
Tribune.  Our  early  spring  enables  our  dairy- 
men to  enter  the  market  a  month  earlier  than 
can  be  possible  for  the  dairymen  in  the  colder 
climates  on  the  other  side  of  the  mountains, 
and  as  our  grasses  at  all  times  give  the  butter  a 
better  flavor  than  any  Eastern  article,  it  is  ex- 
pected that  this  shipment  will  result  in  a  de- 
mand for  more,  or  at  least  will  check  consign- 
ments to  this  side,  now  somewhat  too  numer- 
ous. Messrs.  Wooster  &  Shattuck  deserve 
credit  for  making  this  venture,  and  for  the 
pains  taken  to  increase  the  reputation  of  Cali- 
fornia as  a  producing  State,  able  to  compete 
with  other  localities  in  articles  with  which  it 
was  intended  to  overrun  this  market  when  the 
railroad  was  completed. — Alia. 


Coal   Ashes. 

A  subscriber  asks  if  coal  ashes  are  of  any 
value  as  a  manure  for  grass  lands,  or  field  crops. 

Coal  ashes  contain  no  potash,  and  as  this 
salt  is  what  gives  to  wood  ashes  the  principal 
value  it  has  as  a  manure  or  fertilizing  agent,  it 
is  not  worth  the  cost  to  apply  coal  ashes  to 
land.  The  only  exception  may  be,  when  ap- 
plied to  stiff  clays,  its  mechanical  effect  is  then 
to  loosen  the  soil,  but  other  than  this,  adds 
nothing  to  its  fertility.  Wood  ashes  leached 
or  unleached  is  a  valuable  fertilizer  applied  to 
any  soil  or  crop,  except  where  the  alkali  of 
potash  is  already  abundant  in  the  soil. 


New  Publications. 

We  have  received  from  Bancroft  &  Co.,  Mar- 
ket street,  "A  Treatise  ^on  Punctuation,"  by 
John  Wilson,  designed  for  letter  writers,  authors, 
printers,  correctors  of  the  press,  and  for  the  use 
of  schools.  It  contains  an  appendix  embracing 
rules  on  the  use  of  '  capitals,  a  list  of  abrevia- 
tions,  hints  on  the  preparation  of  corjy  and 
proof-reading,  etc.,  The  work  has  been  in  use 
in  a  number  of  leading'institutions  of  learning 
ior  some  years,  and  is  of  value  to  all  who  de- 
sire a  clear  understanding  of  the  subject  of 
which  it  treats. 

"iEsthetics,  or  the  [Science  of  Beauty,"  by 
John  Bascom,  from  [same  publishers,  contains 
16  lectures  which  the  author  sayB  were  written 
with  a  desire  to  supply  the  want  of  an  exclusive 
and  compact  treatise  on  the  principles  of  taste. 
It  is  designed  to  aid  the  ordinary  student  of 
the  beauties  of  the  external  and  ideal  world, 
and  to  give  him  a  proper  appreciation  of  the 
beauties  of  Nature  and  art. 

"A  Compendious  Dictionary  of  the  Greek 
Language,"  by  Alpheus  Crosby,  is  intended  to 
supply  what  ;was  believed  to  be  a  desideratum 
in  the  fist  of  Greek  text-books,  viz.,  a  grammar 
which  should  be  portable  and  simple  enough  to 
put  into  the  hands  of  the  beginner,  and  which 
should  yet  be  sufficiently  scientific  and  com- 
plete to  accompany  him  through  his  whole 
course, 

"  The  Teacher's  Guide,"  companion  to  Bar- 
tholomew's Drawing  Book,  No.  1,  from  same 
pitbliskers,  is  intended  for  teachers  and  scholars 
using  Bartholomew's  drawing  books  (which  we 
have  also  received.) 

Hanna's  Complete  Ready  Reckoner,  Log 
Table  and  Form  Book,"  from  A.  Roman  &  Co., 
No.  11  Montgomery  street,  contains  a  complete 
set  of  tables  for  the  measurement  of  all  kinds  of 
timber,  lumber,  etc.,  in  all  kinds  of ,  ways,  to 
which  is  added  a  table  of  wages,  rent,  board,  or 
other  expenses  for  any  amount  per  day  for  any 
given  number  of  days,  interest  tables,  business 
forms,  etc. 


Oregon  Looming  Up. 

No  longer  that  out  of  the  way  place  on  the 
face  of  the  globe,  Oregon,  from  the  indomita- 
ble energy  of  her  people  and  the  grand  system 
of  railroads  now  being  inaugurated  and  rapidly 
pushed  from  point  to  point  in  her  wide  domain, 
is,  as  a  State,  assuming  an  importance  that 
cannot  but  attract  the  attention  if  not  the  envy 
of  seme  of  her  older  sister  States.  Her  cities 
and  towns  have  awakened  to  renewed  life  and 
activity,  her  population  is  rapidly  increasing, 
and  other  evidences  of  a  progressive  and  pros- 
perous future,  from  this  day  onward  are  appar- 
ent on  every  hand. 

A  similar  spirit  of  enterprise  with  like  re- 
sults, seems  also  to  have  seized  upon  the  people 
of  Washington  Territory,  where  new  and  vast 
improvements  are  already  in  progress,  that  will 
have  no  relapse  till  a  developed  country  and  a 
mighty  people  be  found  where,  and  of  which, 
but  a  few  years  since  we  knew  but  little  more 
of,  than  as  the  great  North  West. 


The  Thresher's  Guide  and  Farmer's 
Friend. 

The  above  is  the  title  of  a  work  by  D.  W.  Hol- 
lihan,  soon  to  be  issued  from  the  press  of  Dewey 
&  Co.  It  is  probably  the  finest  work  of  the  land 
ever  printed,  and  will  contain  full  and  complete 
directions  for  the  management  of  field  thresh- 
ing machines;  the  setting  up  of  the  same  in  the 
field,  the  care  of  every  part  of  the  apparatus; 
how  to  prevent  accidents  and  delays,  by  point- 
ing out  the  causes  of  the  same;  the  application 
of  horse  and  steam  powers,  and  their  manage- 
ment with  full  instructions  for  keeping  all 
parts  of  a  complete  threshing  establishment  in 
perfect  order,  and  at  the  least  possible  cost  of 
time,  labor  and  money.  It  will  be  a  work  so 
complete  that  every  farmer  who  owns  or  employs 
a  threshing  machine,  will  find  the  purchase  of 
a  book  a  good  investment. 

Severe  Earthquake. — Quite  a  severe  earth- 
quake was  experienced  about  half-past  two 
o'clock  on  Tuesday  morning,  which,  in  some 
portions  of  the  State  was  prolonged  to  a  most 
unusual  length  of  time.  Its  effects  were  also 
felt  over  a  much  larger  area  of  territory  than 
is  usually  the  case  with  earthquake  shocks  in 
this  State.  The  movement  was  felt  in  a  north 
and  south  direction  fully  500  miles,  and  some- 
thing over  150  east  and  west.  Had  the  violence 
of  the  shock  been  proportioned  to  its  prolonga- 
tion, the  results  would  doubtless  have  been 
quite  serious;  as  it  was,  we  hear  of  no  material 
damage,  beyond  the  slight  cracking  of  a  few 
walls,  etc. 


March  30,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC!  PRESS^ 


201 


Mining  Accidents. 


•    rock 
Grass 


Frank  Trevilyan  was  hurt  by  i 
falling  on  him  in  the  Idaho  mine 
Valley,  on  the  14th  inst. 

G.  W.  Stover,  says  Jacksonville  Ledger, 
was  caved  on  and  seriously  injured,  in  his 
tunnel  near  Volcano  last  week. 

A  minor  named  Pollock,  working  in  the 
Overman  mino,  lately  had  a  narrow  es- 
cape from  death.  He  was  working  iu  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  when  the  cage  came 
down  upon  him  bruising  him  badly  and 
breaking  soveral  bones.  He  is  expected 
to  recover. 

T.  A.  Haskell,  engineer  at  the  Pappooso 
mill,  Lower  Gold  Hill,  was  seriously  in- 
jured about  the  head  and  eyes  by  a  some- 
what peculiar  accident,  theresultof  the  ex- 
plosion of  one  of  the  amalgamating  pans. 
According  to  the  News  the  mill  had  been 
shut  down  for  a  few  days,  during  which 
time  gas  was  generated  from  the  chemioals 
at  the  botoom  of  the  pan,  beneath  the 
pulp,  and  when  the  mill  started  up,  and 
the  mullers  began  to  revolve  the  gas 
burst  through  the  pulp,  taking  fire  as  it 
did  so. 

Ben  Hollander  was  carod  upon  and  hod 
his  leg  broken  in  Harmard,  Campbell  & 
Go's,  claims,  at  Rattlesnake,  Placer  Co.,  on 
the  21st  inst. 

Clark  Hughes  was  killed  by  the  prema- 
ture explosion  of  a  blast  in  a  mine 
near  Virginia  City,  M.  T.,  two  weoks 
since. 

Wm.  Brand  was  severely  injured  on  the 
ltith  iust.  by  falling  with  a  car  over  the 
dump  of  tho  Star  of  Nevada  tunnel,  ac- 
cording to  the  Reese  River  Reveille. 

A  man  named  Sullivan  was  caved  upon  in 
a  claim  at  French  Gulch,  M.  T.,  a  short 
time  since,  but  escaped  with  a  few 
bruises. 

Martin  Beckman  was  killed  by  a  cave  in 
the  Oro  claim,  Forest  Hill,  on  the  25th 
inst. 

A  miner  named  Alexander  McElrath, 
while  at  work  putting  in  timbers  in  the 
Smith  Amador  mine,  Sutter  Creek,  on  the 
25th  inst.,  was  killed  by  a  timber  swing- 
ing around  and  crushing  his  head. 

Edward  Talbot,  working  in  the  Belcher 
mine,  received  severe  injuries  on  the  25th 
inst.  from  a  stone  falling  on  his  head. 


An    Improved    Quartz   Mill. 

The  accompanying  illustration  repre- 
sents an  improved  quartz  mill  of  peculiar 
construction  which  is  intended  to  obviate 
some  of  the  dilBcultios  met  with  in  ,the 
ordinary  stamp  battery,  and  to  effect  a  re- 
duction in  original  cost  and  practical 
working.  It  consists  in  the  use  of  two  or 
more  circular  mortars  having  inclined 
floors,  and  provided  with  scrapers  which 
revolve  in  a  horizontal  plane  about  the 
stamps,  so  as  to  carry  the  rock  to  the 
center  and  beneath  the  stamps.  From 
these  mortars  the  pulverized  rock  passes 
out  through  coarso  circular  screens  to  a 
cylindrical  screen  which  revolves  on  a 
horizontal  axis.  The  finer  part  of  the 
pulp  then  passes  through  into  hoppers 
beneath,  and  from  these  it  is  carried  to 
tho  amalgamators,  while  the  coarser  parti- 
cles which  will  not  pass  through  the 
scroon,  will  be  disoharged  at  the  end  into 
a  hopper,  from  whioh  they  are  conveyed 
to  still  a  third  mortar  where  it  is  so  pul- 
verized as  to  pass  through  the  surrounding 
fine  screen. 

The  pulley,  cams,  tappets  "and  cam- 
shaft, are  arranged  as  in  an  ordinary  bat- 
tery, and  although  only  one  is  shown 
in  the  cut,  it  is   obvious  that  any  number 


Inventor  or  the  Pneumatic  Despatch. 
It  would  appear  that  the  inventor  of  the 
Pneumatic  Despatch  System  was  Dr.  A 
M.  Schmitt  (now  alive)  of  Mayence,  who 
is  said  to  have  been  led  to  the  idea  by  the 
"bean  blower"  so  familiar  to  all  school 
boys.  He  first  substituted  messages,  writ- 
ten on  paper  and  rolled  into  balls,  for 
beans.  He  then  substituted  long  iron 
tubes  for  the  short  tin  or  glass  tubes,  and 
used  strong  bellows  to  blow  the  messages 
through  the  tube.  An  apparatus  of  this 
kind  for  besieged  places,  for  sending  mes- 
sages to  troops  making  a  sally,  was  used 
by  him  in  1832.  His  next  idea  was  to  use 
two  bellows,  one  for  forcing  air  into,  and 
one  for  sucking  air  out  of,  the  tube;  but 
for  these  he  soon  substituted  air  pumps. 
And  he  finally  suggested  the  use  of  two 
tubes,  as  is  essentially  the  system  now 
employed.  The  professor's  ideas  were 
never  carried  out  to  any  extent  by  those 
to  whom  he  propounded  them,  and  the 
system  was  neglected  for  years  until  others 
took  it  up.  But  to  Prof.  Schmitt  the 
honor  of  priority  seems  due,  and  the  peo- 
ple of  Mayence  have  proposed  presenting 
him  with  some  token  of  their  respect  for 
his  inventive  genius. 

Timber  Land. — A  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
named  Leavesly,  has  been  arrested  in 
Gilroy  by  the  United  States  Secret  Police, 
on  a  charge  ^of  unlawfully  cutting  timber 
on  Governmennt  land.  He  is  charged 
with  going  outside  his  own  claim  and  cut- 
ting 500  trees  valued  at  $1  each.  As  this 
is  the  first  case  of  the  kind  here,  great 
interest  is  felt  in  the  result  as  it  will  affect 
a  large  number  of  persons. 


STELES'    aTJARTZ    MILL. 

can  be  used.  The  mortar  is  made  with  an 
inclined  bottom  and  the  die,  F,  is  placed 
in  an  opening  in  the  center.  When- 
ever it  is  necessary  to  remove  the 
die,  it  can  be  done  by  inserting  a  wedge 
in  the  opening  shown  at  6V.  A  pulley  is 
geared  to  the  cam-shaft,  and  by  means  of 
a  belt  drives  the  gear,  /.  This  gear  in 
turn  moves  the  gear,  J",  which  is  secured 
to  the  the  sleeve,  K,  so  that  it  turns  freely 
about  the  stem.  Bent  arms,  L,  are  se- 
cured to  the  sleeve,  K,  and  carry  at  their 
lower  ends  the  scrapers,  M,  M,  which 
serve  to  move  the  contents  of  the  mortar 
toward  the  center  so  as  to  carry  it  all  un- 
der the  stamp.  When  sufficiently  pulver- 
ized the  pulp  passes  through  a  coarse  cir- 
cular screen  which  surrounds  the  mortar, 
and  from  this  it  slides  down  into  the  spout 
and  is  discharged  into  the  horizontal  cyl- 
indrical screen,  P,  whichis  revolved  partly 
under  water,  so  that  the  particles  will  be 
carried  through  the  soreen  during  its  rev- 
olution and  fall  into  the  hoppers  arranged 
below. 

A  sort  of  brush  or  scraper  is  set  so  as  to 
bear  against  one  side  of  the  screen  and  re- 
move any  particles  of  sand  or  other  matter 
that  may  chance  to  become  wedged  in  the 
meshes  of  the  screen,  and  tend  to  ohoke  it 
so  as  to  prevent  the  passage  of  the  pulp. 
From  these  hoppers  the  finely  gronnd 
pulp  is  carried  through  small  tubes  or 
pipes,  which  connect  with  the  bottom  of 
the  hoppers  into  a  trough  below,  and  from 
this  it  is  conveyed  directly  into  vats  or 
other  receptacles  where  amalgamation  is 
accomplished.  The  coarser  particles,  not 
being  able  to  pass  through  the  revolving 
screens  above  mentioned,  are  carried  out 
through  the  end   of   the   screen,  and   fall 


into  another  hopper  from  which  they  are 
carried  by  small  tubes,  as  before  described, 
to  a  third  battery,  where  they  are  further 
reduced  before  being  sent  to  the  amalga- 
mating vats. 

By  the  use  of  the  cironlar  soreen  a  much 
larger  discharge  surface  is  obtained  while 
the  die  is  only  an  inch  or  so  below  the 
discharge.  The  revolving  arms,  by  which 
the  rock  is  swept  to  the  center  and  imme- 
diately under  the  stamp,  are  convenient 
and  useful,  while  the  necessary  machinery 
to  work  them  is  simple  and  light.  A  corres- 
pondent of  the  Bulletin  who  has  seen  one 
at  work  says  that  actual  experiment  re- 
veals a  crushing  capacity  of  410  pounds  of 
rock  in  45  minutes,  or  one  ton  in  about 
four  hours,  instead  of  twelve,  as  by  tho  old 
way.  The  invention  was  patonted  through 
the  Scientific  Press  Agency,  by  William 
C.  Stiles,  of  Nevada  City,  Cal. 

Died. — At  San  Antonio,  Monterey  County, 
Miu-ch  5th,  Thomas  Eowlaudson,  C.  E.,  F. 
G.  S. 

The  subject  of  the  above  brief  announce- 
ment was  well  known  to  many  in  this  city 
and  State  as  a  man  of  no  ordinary  scien- 
tific attainments.  His  name  has  often 
appeared  in  the  columns  of  the  Scientific 
Press,  and  other  papers  of  this  city,  as  a 
writer  upon  scientific,  commercial  and  in- 
dustrial matters.  As  an  agricultural 
writer,  upon  certain  special  subjects,  he 
had  few  equals  in  this,  or  any  country,  as 
is  fully  testified  by  numerous  prize  essays 
which  he  wrote  in  England  (his  native 
land)  before  coming  to  this  country. 

Mr.  Rowlandson  was  at  one  time  a 
prominent  candidate  for  an  important 
professorship  in  the' University  of  Edin- 
burg,  and  would  undoubtedly  have  been 
elected  on  his  scientific  merits,  against 
all  competitors,  had  not  Prince  Albert 
signified  his  personal  preference  for  an 
intimate  friend  who  was  also  a  candidate. 
The  royal  wish  was  of  course  granted. 
Had  it  been  otherwise,  Mr.  Rowlandson 
would  undoubtedly  have  been  spared  the 
misfortune  of  an  unsuccessful  adventure 
to  California,  and  a  death  among  compara- 
tive strangers,  and  in  a  strange  land. 

Mining    Companies   Reports. 

The  Hale  &  Nokoross  mine  produced  last 
year  48,571  tons  of  ore.  The  amount  reduced 
was  49,625  tons  averaging  $17.40  per  ton, 
yielding  altogether  $862,701.  It  cost  to  work 
this  ore  $539,905,  or  about  $10.88  per  ton. 
The  Hale  &  Noreross  used  to  be  one  of  our 
prominent  mines  aDd  has  turned  out  during 
the  last  seven  years  $7,206,540  in  bullion.  The 
mill-men  lately  have  made  more  out  of  it  than 
the  shareholders. 

The  Jackson  Mining  Co.  held  their  annual 
meeting  on  the  25th  inst.,  and  elected  as 
trustees,  J.  D.  Fry,  A.  K.  P.  Harmon,  A.  E. 
Head,  E.  Sherwood  and  C.  L.  Wilier.  The 
receipts  amounted  to  $42,347,  of  which  $18,808 
were  from  bullion,  $20,391  from  assessment 
and  33,148  from  other  sources.  The  disburse- 
ments amounted  to  $50,150,  of  which  $24,356 
was  for  labor.  The  expenditures  exceeded  the 
income  by  $7,803. 

Woodward's  Gaedens. — The  late  fine  weath- 
er has  added  largely  to  the  number  of  pleasure 
and  health  seekers  at  Woodward's  Gardens. 
The  latest  attraction  to  this  popular  place  of 
resort  is  several  live  alligators — two  of  which 
weigh  1,200  and  1,000  pounds  respectively. 
One  of  these  huge  reptiles  died  on  Friday  of 
last  week;  but  the  other  is  still  disporting 
himself  in  a  huge  tank,  as  such  an  amphibious 
monster  should. 


Eamie  Cleaning  Machinery.  —  Mr.  T.  H. 
Murphy,  of  New  Orleans,  La.,  claims  to  have 
invented  machinery  that  can  be  worked  in  the 
field  to  clean,  the  fiber  like  dressed  flax,  from 
one  to  fifteen  acres  per  day,  only  requiring  from 
two  to  five  men,  with  suitable  horse  or  steam 
power. 

A  Paying  Mine. — The  shipments  of 
bullion  from  the  Raymond  &  Ely  mine 
from  March  1st  to  28th,  amounted  to 
$10,700  per  day. 

At  the  receut  Wine  Growers'  Convention  in 
Sacramento,  it  is  said  by  competent  judges, 
that  the  most  delicate  wine  offered  for  examina- 
tion, was  made  at  Ooloma,  El  Dorado  county. 


Accumulation  of  Tailings. 

In  "Mines,  Mills  and  Furnaces,"  the 
Mining  Commissioner's  last  report  in  the 
chapter  on  Deep  Placer  Mining  in  Cali- 
fornia, by  W.  ASkidmore,  some  interesting 
facts  are  given,  concerning  the  "  Accumu- 
lation of  Tailings,"  as  follows: 

"As  an  example  of  the  extent  of  their 
accumulation,  we  will  take  Bear  River. 
This  stream  has  been  filled  to  a  depth  of 
nearly  80  feet  in  the  center,  and  its  former 
banks  so  far  covered  that  tall  pine  trees, 
formerly  far  above  tho  stream,  have  been 
gradually  engulfed  season  after  season, 
until  now  only  the  top  branches  appear 
above  the  current.  It  is  believed  that 
these  tailings  contain  enough  gold  and 
quicksilvor  to  pay  a  handsome  profit  for 
their  removal  if  any  outlet  could  be  found. 
Mr.  Uren,  of  Dutch  Flat,  a  civil  engi- 
neer and  surveyor,  has  made  a  reconnais- 
sance of  the  country  between  Bear  River 
and  the  North  Fork  of  the  American 
River,  and  states  that  a  tunnel  could  be 
run  through  the  divide  between  these 
streams  which  would  not  exceed  in  length 
one  and  a  half  miles.  As  the  American 
River  runs  through  a  gorge  several  hun- 
dred feet  lower  than  Bear  River,  this  tun- 
nel would  empty  Bear  River  and  its  tribu- 
taries and  open  millions  of  cubic  yards  of 
hydraulic  ground  now  without  outlet, 
which  otherwise  can  never  yield  up  its 
wealth.  The  quantity  of  tailings  in  Bear 
River  and  its  confluent  gulches  alono, 
above  the  mouth  of  the  supposed  tunnel, 
estimating,  on  an  average  width  of  300 
feet,  a  depth  of  75  feet,  and  a  length  of  ten 
miles,  would  be  44,000,000  cubic  yards. 
We  know  that  in  early  times  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  gold  and  quicksilver  was 
lost;  perhaps  20  per  cent,  would  be  too 
low  an  estimate  of  such  losses.  Of  late 
years  the  proportion  of  gold  and  quicksil- 
ver carried  ofi"  in  the  tailings  has  been 
smaller;  the  amount  could  be  approxima- 
ted by  careful  calculations  of  the  results 
of  the  cleaning  up  of  the  last  system  of 
undercurrents  and  tail  sluices  of  the  claims 
emptying  into  this  river,  and  by  some  ex- 
periments at  favorable  points. 

Let  us  suppose,  however,  that  the  gen- 
eral average  of  the  tailings  will  reach  V/t 
cents  per  cubic  yard,  we  have  an  aggregate 
of  $1,100,000,  to  save  which  we  must  con- 
struct a  tunnel  of  say  8,000  feet,  lay  it  in 
flume,  and  place  it  in  condition  for  run- 
ning off  the  tailings.  With  the  present  fa- 
cilities for  running  tunnels,  by  means  of 
compressed  air,  diamond  drills,  and  giant 
powder,  we  should  not  estimat  the  expense 
per  lineal  foot  at  over  $10  or  $12 — the  rock 
being  an  easily  worked  slate — which  would 
give  an  aggregate  of  $100,000.  Allow 
$50,000  for  putting  in  flume  and  inciden- 
tal expenses,  and  we  have  a  total  cost  of 
$150,000.  Now,  if  50  per  cent,  of  the 
grdss  amount  estimated  to  be  in  the  river 
can  be  saved,  we  have  a  result  of  $550,000, 
less  the  expense  of  cleaning  up  and  orig- 
inal cost  of  tunnel.  The  contents  of  these 
tailings  have  been  estimated  by  Mr.  Uren 
and  others  at  much  higher  figures  than 
above.  After  the  tailings  were  run  off, 
the  tunnel  would  be  valuable  property  as 
a  tail-sluice  outlet  for  many  square  miles 
of  hydraulic  ground.  We  have  made  the 
calculation  out  of  curiosity,  but  think  this 
is  one  of  the  profitable  mining  enterprises 
of  the  future. 

Another  illustration  of  the  extent  of 
these  accumulations  is  afforded  at  the 
crossing  of  Shady  Creek,  near  Cherokee, 
between  the  Middle  and  South  Tubas. 
At  this  point  there  formerly  stood  a  saw- 
mill on  the  banks  of  theCreek;  the  boilers 
of  this  mill  were  supplied  by  a  water- 
tank  which  stood  higher  up  on  the  bank 
of  the  stream.  The  tailings  from  above  so 
encroached  on  the  mill  that  it  was  ren- 
dered useless  and  taken  down;  the  tank, 
however,  remained,  and  the  timbers  of 
which  it  was  composed  are  now  seen  crop- 
ping up  above  the  tailings  a  distance  of 
several  inches.  Another  "run"  will  com- 
pletely obliterate  all  traces  of  this  land- 
mark of  early  times.  The  depth  of 
ings  here  cannot  be  less  than  70  feet. 


tail- 


Sales. — The  Eureka  Sentinel,  says  that 
the  Tip  Top  mine  has  been  sold  to  the 
Richmond  Co.  for  $70,000  cash. 

The  Zapata  mine  at  San  Rafel,  Lower 
California,  has  been  sold  to  San  Jose 
Capitalists  for  $20,000.  It  is  the  intention 
of  tho  purchasers  to  erect  a  mill. 

Placer  Diggings  have  been  struck  on 
the  road  leading  to  Big  Valley,  Shasta  Co., 
where  dirt  prospects  20  cents  to  the  pan, 
of  coarse  gold. 


202 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS^- 


[March  30,  1872. 


DOMESTIC     ECONOMY. 


Food,  and  How  to  Use  It. 

Good  cooking  requires  not  only  a  certain 
amount  of  chemical  knowledge,  but  also  a  con- 
siderable acquaintance  with  the  chemistry  of 
the  stomach.  .  The  following  article  from 
"  Good  Words,"  is  evidently  the  production  of 
an  expert,  and  will,  no  doubt,  be  appreciated 
by  all  intelligent  readers: — "  Potatoes,  which 
are  a  dearer  food  than  meat  for  the  supply  of 
flesh  are  far  cheaper  as  a  source  of  heat  to  the 
body,  so  with  this  view  we  associate  them  in 
our  meals.  Cheese  gives  us  cheap  flesh  but 
dear  fuel,  so  we  take  it  with  bread,  which  sup- 
plys  the  latter  economically.  Potatoes  lay  on 
flesh  at  an  extravagant  rate,  so  with  potatoe 
soup  we  mix  peas,  which  add  to  its  nutritive 
value  and  to  their  economy.  The  making  of 
palatable  mixtures  of  various  kinds  of  food 
forms  the  art  of  cookery.  It  is  a  maxim  as 
old  as  Hippocrates,  that  "  whatever  |)leases  the 
palate  nourishes,"  and  it  is  only  when  taste  be- 
comes depraved  by  indulgence  that  the  pleas- 
ure of  eating  becomes  contemptible. 
Ths  Value  of  Lumps  in  Soup. 

Many  dishes  of  the  cook  are  full  of  scientific 
significance.  As  an  illustration  let  us  ask,  why 
are  small  square  pieces  of  bread  fried  in  lard, 
sent  up  with  vegetable  soup?  Because  starch 
requires  to  be  mixed  with  saliva  before  it  is 
converted  into  sugar  in  the  act  of  digestion, 
and  as  the  soup  would  pass  to  the  stomach 
without  mastication  fried,  or  hard  bread  pro- 
tected from  the  water  by  fat,  so  as  to  prevent 
its  soften' ng,  is  taken  along  with  the  soup, 
and  compels  mastication  and  a  flow  of  saliva. 
But  if  cooks  exhibit  important  scientific  ap- 
plications, they  often  err  from  ignorance  of 
science. 

Cocking    Meats. 

All  the  tasting  ingredients  of  flesh  reside 
in  its  juices  and  not  in  the  solid  substance. 
If  the  flesh  of  a  deer,  an  ox,  a  pig,  a  cat, 
or  a  fox  be  well  squeezed,  so  as  to  express 
their  juices,  what  remains  has  the  same 
vapid  taste  for  all  of  them.  For  this  reason 
roasted  or  stewed  meat  is  generally  better  fla- 
vored than  boiled,  and  the  cook  protect  the 
juices  by  pouring  melted  fat  over  the  joint  du- 
ring its  roasting.  In  boiling  meat  for  soup, 
cold  water  should  be  used  at  first,  so  as  to  ex- 
tract as  much  of  the  nutritive  juices  as  possible, 
and  the  heat  be  raised  gradually.  But  if  the 
meat  be  wanted  in  a  boiled  state  for  itself  and 
not  for  its  soup,  then  it  should  be  plunged  at 
once  into  boiling  water,  and  kept  boiling  for  a 
few  minutes,  so  that  all  the  outer  albumen  may 
be  coagulated,  in  order  to  imprison  the  sapid 
and  nutritive  juices;  then  cold  water  should  be 
added  till  the  temperature  is  reduced  to  1G0  de- 
grees, at  which  it  should  be  kept  till  the  cook- 
ing is  completed,  because  that  heat  is  necessary 
for  the  coagulation  of  the  coloring  matter  of 
the  blood.  In  all  cases,  no  more  heat  than  is 
sufficient  should  be  employed  in  cooking. 
Thus,  in  making  soup,  all  the  fire  in  the  world 
will  not  make  the  water  hotter  than  its  boiling 
temperature,  at  which  point  it  can  be  retained 
by  a  very  moderate  expenditure  of  fuel.  Vio- 
lent ebullition,  such  as  we  cooks  often  practice, 
while  it  does  no  good,  does  much  harm,  not 
only  by  wasting  fuel,  but  also  by  carrying  off  in 
the  steam  much  of  the  aromatic  and  volatile  in- 
gredients of  the  food. 

Hard  and  Soft  Water. 
The  effects  of  hard  and  soft  water  in  cooking 
vegetables  vary  materially.  Peas  and  beans 
cooked  in  hard  water,  containing  lime  or  gyp- 
sum,  will  not  boil  tender,  because  these  sub- 
stances harden  vegetable  casein.  In  soft  water 
they  boil  tender  and  lose  a  certain  rank,  raw 
taste  which  they  retain  in  hard  water.  Many 
vegetables  (as  onions)  boil  nearly  tasteless  in 
soft  water  because  all  the  flavor  is  dissolved 
out.  The  addition  of  salt  often  checks  this  (as 
in  the  case  of  onions)  causing  the  vegetables 
to  retain  the  peculiar  flavoring  principles,  be- 
sides much  nutritious  matter  which  might  be 
lost  in  soft  water.  Thus  it  appears  that  salt 
hardens  the  water  to  a  degree.  For  extracting 
the  juices  of  meat  to  make  a  broth  or  soup,  soft 
water,  unsalted  and  cold  at  first,  is  best,  for  it 
much  more  readily  penetrates  the  tissues;  but 
for  boiling  meat  where  the  juices  should  be  re- 
tained, hard  water  or  soft  water  salt  d  is  pref- 
erable, and  the  meat  should  be  ■put  in  while  it 
is  boiling  so  as  to  seal  up  the  pores  at  once. 

Tea  and  Tea  Mixes. 

In  choosing  teas  the  first  precept  to  be  borne  in 
mind  is  to  suit  the  taste  of  customers.  Differ- 
ent portions  of  the  country  prefer  different  va- 
rieties of  tea,  and  even  is  this  the  case  in  dif- 
ferent localities  of  the  same  section  of  country, 
according  as  the  preponderance  of  the  popula- 
tion is  native  or  foreign  born.  Next  to  know- 
ing exactly  what  is  wanted  is  to  discern  the 
differences  between  the  qualities  of  the  sam- 
ples. A  good  quality  of  tea  will  always  feel 
to  the  touch  firm,  hard,  crisp  and  weighty.  In- 
ferior qualities  of  tea  are  soft,  spongy  and 
bulky  for  their  weight.  A  fine  description  of 
tea  shows  evidence  of  careful  preparation.  It 
is  nicely  rolled,  delicately  dried  and  when 
infused  unrolls  itself  with  freedom.  New 
1 1  sas  should  show  fresh  and  green  from  in- 
fusion. Old  teas  present  a  dark  brown  hue 
when  infused,  and  the  infusion  a  deep  reddish 
color.  The  infusion  should  also  be  devoid  of 
scum,  which  is  evidence  of  an  admixture  of  for- 
eign substances.  Evenness  in  size  of  leaf  and 
absence  of  stalk  is  desirable  for  sake  of  style. 


In  mixing  teas  it  is  a  well-known  fact  a 
change  of  character  is  effected  as  certain  as  is 
produced  by  chemical  agencies  by  one  body  be- 
ing brought  into  contact  with  another.  Herein 
lies  the  success  of  the  mixes.  The  following 
proportions  constitute  a  good  combination  of 
teas  to  represent  two  varieties : 

Oolong 5  lbs.      I  Oolong 5  lbs. 

Japan 1  Jd   lbs.  |  Japan 1  lb. 

YouDg  Hyson \%  lbs.  I  English  Breakfast  &   lb. 

English  Breakfast....!  lb.   |  Orange  Peko %  lb. 

Of  course  it  is  not  to  be  understood  that  the 
above  proportions  are  never  to  be  varied 
These  are  only  given  as  an  outline  on  which  to 
base  the  judgment  of  the  readers  of  this  article. 
The  same  class  of  teas  may  not  always  be  ob- 
tainable, yet  it  is  still  possible  to  keep  up  the 
standard  of  the  mix  the  year  round — a  stock 
sample  being  always  kept  on  hand  to  test  by. 
Always  remember  the  foundation.  If  the  mix 
is  too  pungent,  modify  it  by  lessening  those 
qualities  which  produce  such  a  result,  and 
vice  versa.  After  being  mixed,  the  product 
should  be  allowed  to  stand  some  days  before 
being  offered  for  sale.  In  bulk  they  improve, 
especially  if  kept  warm  and  dry.  After  mixing, 
store  in  cannisters  as  tight  as  are  obtainable. 
Do  not  mix  on  a  damp  or  rainy  day.  Keep  the 
mix  as  far  as  possible  from  fruits,  spices  and 
coffees.  A  cargo  of  tea  imported  into  London 
was  once  destroyed  by  a  few  boxes  of  oranges 
being  stored  in  the  hold.  It  had  entirely  lost 
its  own  flavor,  so  that  when  infused  it  merely 
showed  color,  while  the  infusion  was  flavored, 
as  with  orange  peel. — Am.  Grocer. 

Food  Values. 

Dr.  James  0.  Jackson,  Principal  of  the 
"Home  on  the  Hillside, "  at  Danville,  N.  Y., 
publishes  this : 

"With  us,  as  a  people,  bread  and  meat  consti- 
tute the  staff  of  our  life,  being  eminently  the 
staples  of  our  food.  Of  the  grain  used,  wheat 
ranks  all  the  other  grains  in  quantity  used,  as 
it  does  all  of  them  in  natural  fitness.  Accord- 
ing to  Liebig,  Bousingault,  and  other  chemists, 
107  parts  of  wheat  are  equal  to  111  parts  of 
rye,  117  of  oats,  130  of  barley,  138  of  Indian 
com,  177  of  rice,  898  of  potatoes,  and  1,335  of 
turnips.  In  making  bread  out  of  wheat  after 
the  form  or  manner  which  with  us  is  almost 
universal,  certainly  quite  common,  we  greatly 
deteriorate  it,  insomuch  as  to  make  it  less  nu- 
tritious than  it  might  be;  but  not  only  so,  we 
make  it  noxious,  thus  disturbing  those  who 
eat  in  many  instances,  by  causing  severe  irri- 
tation of  their  gastric  nerves.  In  preparing 
wheat  for  cooking,  the  uniform  practice  is  to 
separate  the  bran  from  the  flour.  When  this 
is  done,  an  analysis  of  these  will  show  the  harm 
of  bolting.  The  principal'  solid  constituents  of 
the  human  body  are  fat,  bone  and  muscle.  I 
offer  the  following  condensation  of  facts  taken 
from  a  statement  of  a  scientific  gentleman,  cor- 
respondent of  one  of  the  ablest  and  oldest  pa- 
pers in  the  State  of  New  York. 

1.  The  Fat.—Oi  this  ingredient,  1  000  lbs. 
of  whole  grain  contributed  38  lbs. ;  fine  flour, 
20  lbs. ;  bran,  60  lbs. 

So  that  the  bran  is  much  richer  in  furnishing 
the  materials  of  fat  than  the  interior  portion  of 
the  grain,  and  the  whole  grain  ground  together 
is  richer  than  the  finer  part  of  the  flour-,  in 
proportion  to  nearly  one-half. 

2.  The  Muscular  Matter.  —  One  thousand 
pounds  of  whole  grain,  and  of  the  fine  flour, 
contain  of  muscular  matter  respectively — whole 
grain,  156  lbs.;  fine  flour,  130  lbs. 

So  that  the  material  out  of  which  the  animal 
muscle  is  to  be  formed,  the  whole  meal  of  wheat 
contains  one-fifth  more  than  the  finest  flour. 
For  maintaining  muscular  strength,  therefore, 
it  must  be  more  valuable  in  an  equal  propor- 
tion. 

?.  Bone  Material  and  Saline  Matter.  —One 
thousand  pounds  of  bran,  whole-meal,  and  fine 
flour,  contain  respectively — bran,  700  lbs.; 
whole  meal  170  lbs.;  fine  flour,  69 lbs. 

So  that  in  regard  to  that  important  part  of 
our  food  necessary  to  all  hiving  animals,  but 
especially  to  the  young  during  their  growth, 
the  whole  meal  is  three  times  more  nourishing 
than  the  fine  flour. 

Taking  the  thiee  essential  elements  of  a  nu- 
tritive food  thus  existing  in  wheat,  and  com- 
paring their  respective  amounts  in  the  whole- 
meal and  in  fine  flour,  we  find  that,  on  the 
whole,  the  former  is  one-half  more  valuable  for 
fulfilling  all  the  purposes  of  nutrition  than  the 
fine  flour.  "It  will  not  be  denied,"  says  Pro- 
fessor Johnson,  "  that  it  is  for  a  wise  purpose 
that  the  Deity  has  so  immediately  associated  in 
the  grain  the  several  substances  which  are 
necessary  for  the  complete  nutrition  as  animal 
bodies.  The  above  considerations  show  how 
unwise  we  are  in  attempting  to  undo  this  natural 
collection  of  materials.  To  please  the  eye  and 
the  palate,  to  sift  out  a  less  generally  nutritive 
food;  and  to  make  up  for  what  we  have  recourse 
to  animal  food  of  various  descriptions.  It  is 
interesting  to  remark,  even  in  apparently  small 
things,  how  all  nature  is  full  of  compensating 
processes." 

For  a  Meat  Pie. — Cut  up  some  pieces  of 
good,  tender  raw  beef  or  mutton,  season  with  pep- 
per, salt,  and,  if  liked,  one  finely  minced  onion; 
boil  a  half  dozen  good-sized  mealy  potatoes, 
mash  smooth  and  wet  with  milk  enough  to 
form  a  dough  to  make  the  crust;  salt  to 
please  the  taste,  roll  out  full  half  an  inch  thick, 
and  line  a  buttered  dish  large  enough  to  hold 
the  meat,  lay  in  the  meat,  adda  teacup  of  water, 
or  less,  if  the  pie  is  to  be  .for  a  small  family, 
then  roll  out  a  thick  crust  of  the  potato,  cov- 
ering the  top  of  the  pie  at  least  an  inch  thick, 
and  bake  about  an  hour  an  a  half . 


Effect  op  a  Continued  Bread  Diet. — Ac- 
cording to  late  experiments  of  Mayer,  neither 
man  nor  dogs  can  be  fed  economically  upon 
bread  alone,  an  immense  quantity  of  this  sub- 
stance being  required  to  prevent  the  body  from 
undergoing  waste.  By  the  addition  of  a  small 
percentage  of  flesh,  a  much  less  amount  of 
total  weight  of  food  will  answer  the  desired 
object.  A  persistence  in  the  bread  diet  causes 
the  tissues  of  the  body  to  become  more  watery, 
and  the  entire  organization  is  less  capable  of 
resisting  injurious  influences.  In  experiment- 
ing upon  different  kinds  of  bread,  Mayer  found 
that  white  bread  was  taken  up  in  the  greatest 
amount  during  its  passage  through  the  alimen- 
tary canal;  next  to  this,  leavened  rye  bread; 
then  the  rye  prepared  by  the  Horsford 
process,  and  finally  the  North  German  black 
bread.  With  all  these  differences,  however, 
the  first  kind  is  said  to  be  less  satisfying  to  the 
feeling  of  hunger  than  the  other  three,  and  to 
be  more  expensive  in  every  point  of  view. 
Mayer  does  not  admit  that  bran  has  the  nu- 
tritious value  claimed  for  it  by  many  persons, 
since  the  nitrogeneous  compounds  .  it  contains 
are  mingled  with  much  non-assimilable  matter. 

Etiquette  at  Table. — Table  etiquette  should 
be  founded  in  common  sense,  though  it  is  not 
always  so.  Certain  articles  of  food  cannot  be 
thoroughly  enjoyed  if  eaten  with  the  use  of  a 
knife,  fork  or  spoon.  Hence  good  usage  has 
sanctioned  the  use  of  fingers  in  certain  cases. 
"While  our  ideas  of  propriety  would  be  shocked 
at  seeing  one  take  the  bone  of  a  beefsteak  or 
mutton-chop  in  his  fingers,  we  are  ,  not  at  all 
horrified  when  the  little  bones  of  a  bird  are 
treated  in  that  way,  since  the  meat  can  only  be 
obtained  easily  and  enjoyed  thoroughly  by 
picking  them.  ,  It  is  much  the  same  with  green 
corn.  Though  gnawing  the  corn  from  the  cob 
is  not  an  elegant  operation  for  an  outside  sp 
tator  to  witness,  it  is  very  satisfactory  to  the 
individual  most  interested.  Indeed,  so  gener- 
ally is  it  conceded  that  corn  may  be  eaten  from 
the  cob,  that  silversmiths  now  make  silver  hand- 
dies  which  are  to  be  thrust  into  the  large  end 
of  the  eob  and  allow  it  to  be  held  without  soil- 
ing the  fingers. 

Preserving  the  Flavor  of  Butter. — The 
German  Agriculturist  says  that  a  great  portion 
of  the  fine  flavor  of  fresh  butter  is  destroyed  by 
the  usual  mode  of  washiug,  and  he  recommends 
a  thorough  kneading  for  the  removal  of  the 
buttermilk,  and  a  subsequent  pressing  in  a 
linen  cloth.  Butter  thus  prepared,  is  pre-emi 
nent  for  its  sweetness  of  taste  and  flavor,  quali 
ties  which  are  retained  a  long  time.  To  im- 
prove manufactured  butter,  we  are  advised  by 
the  same  authority  to  work  it  thoroughly  with 
fresh  cold  milk,  and  then  to  wash  it  in  clear 
water ;  and  it  is  said  that  even  old  and  rancid 
butter  may  be  rendered  palatable  by  washing  it 
in  water  to  which  a  few  drops  of  a  solution  of 
chloride  of  lime  have  been  added. 


Destroying  Mold  in  Cellars. — According 
to  Dr.  Weidehold,  fungus  growths  in  cellars 
may  be  combated  either  by  burning  sulphur  or 
by  pouring  two  parts  of  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid  over  one  part  of  common  salt.  In  the  first 
instance,  sulphurous  acid  gas  is  produced;  and 
in  the  second,  hydrochloric  acid,  by  means  of 
which  the  fungi  are  destroyed.  It  is  sufficiently 
evident,  however,  that  during  this  2u*ocess  all 
openings  must  be  closed,  so  as  to  prevent  any 
escape  of  the  gas,  and  the  greatest  care  exercised 
not  to  enter  the  cellar  after  the  operation  until 
it  has  been  thoroughly  ventilated. 


To  Keep  Flibs  from  Butter. — The  Meridian 
Gazette  is  responsible  for  the  following:  "An 
experienced  housekeeper  tells  a  cotemporary 
that  flies  may  be  kept  out  of  the  butter  plate 
on  the  table,  by  the  simple  and  novel  expedient 
of  planting  in  it  a  thin  slice  of  bread,  cut 
column-wise  and  inserted  in  a  perpendicular 
position.  Whether  the  bread  scares  the  flies 
off  or  not  the  lady  cannot  say,  but  she  declares 
it  certainly  keeps  them  away." 

Shaving  Soap. — Take  4%  pounds  white  bar 
soap,  one  quart  rain  water,  one  gill  beef's  gall, 
and  one  gill  spirits  turpentine.  Cut  the  soap 
thin  and  boil  five  minutes.  Stir  while  boiling, 
and  color  with  half  ounce  vermillion;  scent 
with  oil  of  rose  or  almond.  Fifty  cents  worth 
of  materials  will  make  $6  worth  of  soap. 

Keeping  Sausage  Meat. — Cook  fresh  saus- 
age as  for  the  table  without  flouring  it;  then 
put  it  in  thin  layers  in  a  sweet  earthen  or 
stone  pot  with  gravy  from  running  hot  lard  over 
each  layer.  It  will  be  as  good  as  when  first 
made. 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents    Internationa!, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  1862 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
EEIOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENT  AL-,  BTJILDIN  G,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.     Send  for  Circular.  5v24-3amslamrly 


Duponl's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

-  AND  - 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F- 

FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nob.  1, 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  j£  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr,  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  U  lb.,  and  U  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  \ 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal..  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

■WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's  Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved, 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  harfd  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 
5v24-Gm-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


To  Bemove  Tan,  Fkeckles,  Pimples,  Etc. 
To  two  gallons  strong  soap  suds  add  one  pint 
pure  alcohol,  and  four  ounces  rosemary;  mix 
them  well  together.  Apply  with  a  linen  rag 
twice  a  day,  until  the  object  is  effected. 


Old  Ships. — There  is  a  ship  now  sailing 
from  Holland,  built  in  1598,  when  the 
Prince  of  Orange  was  fighting  Philip  II., 
of  Spain,  then  at  the  zenith  of  his  power. 
A  few  weeks  since,  in  the  Boston  Daily 
Advertiser,  there  was  a  notice  that  the 
whale-ship  Boussean  (one  of  Stephen  Gir- 
ard's  ships,  "built  at  Philadelphia  in  1S01) 
-was  then  undergoing  repairs  at  New  Bed- 
ford. Her  planking  is  being  removed,  the 
first  time  for  seventy  years.  -  The  live  oak 
timbers  underneath  are  reported  to  be  as 
sound  as  they  were  the  day  they  were  first 
put  together. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   311   CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

SAN  FBAN0TSOO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

JLnd.    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for   the    superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pew- 
oer  can  he  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 

To    Parlies    About    Building. 

A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwell  inge.Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure  good  satisfac- 
tion. Address  EDW.  "W.  &TIFT, 
5-v24-sa              No.  807  Howard  street,  San  Francisco, 


BUY  BARBERS    BIT   BRACE, 


March  30,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


203 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.   BENNETT, 
8TATI8TIOIAIT. 

R*porta  and   raliinat*.  mulr  about   all   d--|.artrarnu 
1  10, Commerce,  and  Mauuia-    . 


tout. 


E.  J.  FRASER.  M.   D.. 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
Mo.  103  Btockton  street Hsu  Francisco,  Cal. 

ay  Surgical    cai^s  from    the  country   roceived  and 
treated  »t  the  Hotneopctblc  Hospital. 
A.I  latter!  au^ttir.J  promptly. 


(..LIS    U.  CIUT. 


J»»    M.    HATKH. 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORN  E  .SAN  1>  COl  V  s  V.  I.I  I  It »  AT  LAW, 

Id  Buildlnitor  Pacinc  Insurance  Co.  S-   B.eornerCftll 

'onus  a  •■.recta, 

«AB   FRANUICO. 


Spectacles   My   Specialty. 

C.  MILLER,  Optician. 
205  Montgomery  street,  Buss  Bl"ck. 


JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429   Montgomery   Strooti 

s.  w.  corner  Saerajni 

Surveying  liuiruuicms  ma  'I*.-,  repaired  and  adjusted 
t7-3m 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL     SAWYER, 

No.  485  Branuan  Street San  FuANCiaco. 

Ad(1  No.  9  Q  St.,  bet.  First  and  Second, 

21v23-tf  U    NTO. 


Wl.    MKTI.IM;.  UKKHT    E11IB1LL. 

BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Eulera  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

GOS  Cluy  .ireet.lsnutliweht  cor.  Sansomo), 
iBVlMm  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SAJV    FBANCI6CO 

COEDAS E     C O  M  P  A  N  T . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.     Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Lino  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Rope* 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  &  CO..  Agenti, 

26  611  and  613  Front  street. 


H.   N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL      ENGUATER, 

AND  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Braaa  anil  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  GOB  Sacramento  street, 

H.111  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange    Bank 

OF    SAX     FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One   Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cuohier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


THE  GARDNER  AUTOMATIC  SAFETY-STOP  GOVERNOR. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 


Molding,   Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortiso  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchot 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 

Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


Governors  hare  now  bc«n  sold  in  thin  market  for  several  years,  and  wlu-reveror.ee  introduced  and  made 

kiwwn,  are  Invariably  sought  after.    They  am  lu  the  Eastern  -  placing  ell  othai  rarnorsvand 

art- n-gar  i  fbey  are  manufa  n,  practical  eni 

who  have  given  many  yean  lime  exclusively  to  their  manufacture  and  perf'  manufacturers  nay:  hit*  t 

uufaetaro  of  the  above  GOT)  rnor,  during  which  time  several  Important  Im- 

•-  have  been  mads  and  two  ^_  annfaotoro.    The 

valve   ■     1      :  .  ..  UiAVckd, 

Justified    ■  to  ail  (c9  and  the  Governor  la  huilt  with  s  view 

ilng  Steam  pov  t-  »  uring  the  o.ulcfc 

■  '  perfect  regn>  f  ~\  Uon  ]  ■      Mj   attainable  In  ■ 

the  market.  v/-"~  \i"3  tognlator.    Thus  with  aceurate 

■•  Will  iai-rMaf  w^.  uia-hiu'-ry.  »ud   skilled  labor,  and  de- 

kiiown  tliat  we  think  it  in,  ^Hk     385     jeT^i  voting  our  whole   aiti;.sti..n    to  tin 

■  !it>  rintoa  detailed  1  rplanation  t»i  thu  ft       fi    T  jj         manufacture  of    mis  one   uxicls.  we 

Involved,  or  detail  U    V^  .^F         »r>'  able  tu  produce  ■  pi  rfect  and  relifl- 

i-'-nsiru'.'tiou,  merely  giving  tin  '•^■^      JjJtt     ^^^*  bb- Governor  at -i  low   I'li.r. 

Ingobjecte  portant  C    B  We  do  not  publish  any  letters  of  reo- 

Lnvenuon.     The  Gov  rnor  combines       .^— ~.  i^~^B»  ommendatlons,  bul  can  giv<  refer,  ucea 

with   the   grwaitst    siuiplieiiy  of  con-      /~*5flki3f  -dss*i3BHL     em,  *°  ul'waTtlh  "f  ''."O"  ."ai.tiks  1 : 

htnn  t ion,  accurate  regulation  of  -j"  ■  d,     ^gTpharfMPjBfflW^  jfpfc  i- States,  wliuun  usiu;.- 

1-oslTlVK    IN.- 1  ■:;.«. Ni  1:  1-   flBa^H  Ji  ,        tin    UardlUT      iovernor. 

tiM\i  m.ipi'|mi   ^HPj^^lp  -S    ■**       w''  ■v"'ld  especially  invito  theatt-n- 

OR  I'AUTISii  TU>.  <  1  i-lilMSO        ^^£3?        xK&AJnW&^B&  tii'll  of    steam  Ktiyiue  Builders  to    tlliB 

melts,  and  a  convenient  arrangement  ^Tfiarrlr  Governor,  fooling  assured  that  they 

for  ADJit-TiNG   mi:   sri  i  i>  ••>  tin:  Is-  r^gBg^fet  urchase    for  less  than  they  can 

uini:  while  in  Miiiios,  without  oh  \r- ._-  "       i.  "'  Inferior  article,  and  thereby 

of  pnlUes.  i    the  value   and    sales   of   their 

The  construction  of  the  Governor  is  A  Engines. 

simple,  having  no  up.  ■  -  -i.  -y  1  We  respootfoJly  refer  to  tbo  follow- 
inside  Joints,  swivels,  or  parte  liable  j  in.,'  parties  using  the  Gai.dnei*  uov- 
todisarrangi  meat, all  theei  vera]  parts  '•"*- ,        •• : ,     /  i:i;n> >«,  and  .an  fprnk  ninierHtaiHlinKh' 

ii  utes  Of  each  Other  intlll  _  of  its  merits:     Uuklund     Cotton    Jljlls, 

sorios;  the  most  skiiitui  workmen  ore  f~~  the    Belby  Lead  and  Silver  Smoltmg 

employed,  the  best  material  used  and  t^____  Works,  L.  &  E.  Emanuel,  Vulcan  Iron 

the-    maohinery   employed    espeoiullj  Works, Fulton  Foundry,  LevisonBros., 

lal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory,  D.  A.  McDonald  fc  Co.,  and  othern  in  Sun  Francisco;  Ophir  Co. ,  Lady 
Bryan,  and  Sacramento  mid  MerediiU  Mills,. John  McOone,  Virginia,  New;  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F, 
Ghury,  Albany,  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

uVWE  WAitBANT  these  Govern  rs  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  spred  under  all  circumstances;  and  ii  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  miles  of  Sun  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  be  returned  to  us 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

JJ-When  ordering  please  state  whether  Thbottxjb-Talve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Finished 
Governor  is  desired.  %"The  bate  of  speed  nm  Qo\  bbkob  i*  fully  stamped  on  the  iieyolvixg  head  of  evej.y 
Governor.    Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Agent©    for   X^acillo    Slates,    San   Francisco. 

g^At  Treadwell  &  Co.'s(lato  BERRY  k  PLACE'S)  Machinery  nnd  Supply  Depot  may  ho  found  in  stock  the  above 
Governors,  together  with  all  sizes  of  HOADLEY'S  PORTABLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS,  STUltTE- 
YANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS,  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DREYFDS'S  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS,  Etc. 
Also  a  heavy  stock  of  HARDWARE  AND  MINING  TOOLS,  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BOILER  FELT 
(saves  25  per  cent,  of  fuel) ,  SELF-OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kinds) ,  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millmen's  findings.       7v'21-tf 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST   PREMIUM 
American  Institnte,S1867  andjjI870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MANUFACTURER 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-Acting 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED    IN     ENGLAND,    BELGIUM     AND 
FKANCE.      SEND  FOE  CIECDLAIt. 


FISHER'S 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 

Cheapest  and    Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 


HYDRA/LILIC     CHIEF. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OKDEE, 

to    throw    from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch. 

©TTREA  31. 


CRAIG-    &    BREVOORT'S 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 

■PTJMaPS,    «Sco- 


The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  -who  protects  his  patrons. 
9v23-tf  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


NO.    1. 

The  annexed  engravings'  represent  a  Condenser  iu- 
tended  to  be  attached  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  bringing  it  within  the  class  ol  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
Btesm,  when  it  has  done  its  work  in  the  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  iuto  the  atmosphere,  is  con- 
ducted  t"  iln  condenser,  on  its  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  pump,  and  is  lmmedi- 
at<  Ij  i-on.li  nMi.'d. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  section  of  tho 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

The  flange  D  is  bolted  to  tho  suction  orifice  of  the 
Dump,  and  the  flange  S  to  the  pipe,  leading  to  the  well, 
Or  whatever  source  of  Kupply  the  pump  may  have;  W  it, 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  the  suction  pipe,  s,  oom- 
municates,  permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  the  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valve  to  enlarge  or  contract  tho  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  The  pipe  P,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  as 
guide  to  float  F. 

The  valve,  C,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1),  which  Is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem— shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
tho  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  is  uttached. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE- 1  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  & 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hoskin.  as  the  same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted,    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


No.    »41  'EEABNT    STREET, 
Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Wbeusohaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 
GRAND,   SatTARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let.  &Sfc^ 

A.    HEYKAM, 
I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
malS-tl  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Saob&mento. 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bridges,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Eto. 

"Would  respectfully  call  tho  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
Now,  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Album    of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli- 
cation to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila- 
delphia. apS-ly 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped    Diamond  Carbon-Points. 


my.i:      wig.  2 


Fiej.3  lig.d 


NO.   2. 


Tho  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  Into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  eotering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  side  of  the  steum  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  H  at  any  time  it  iB  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  tho 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhaust  pipe, 
into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  the  steam  cj  Under  to 
exhaust  Into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  doue  tho 
pump  is  perfectly  freo  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  tor  Dressing  i\iil)-] '.ii its.  Kincry- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Ti-ueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  2-ltb,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  18(19;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  G4  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


HOOVER'S 

New     and     Superior     Chromos. 

The  Changed  Cross,  siie  22  by  28. 

The  Faithful  Crowned,  size  22  by  28. 

"Virg-in  Mary  and  St.  John,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Holy  Family,  size  22  by  28. 

The  Beautiful  Snow,  size  16  by  22. 

DeLhi,  Delaware  County,  N.  "3T.,  size  20  by  28. 

ALL    REAL    CEP/IS    OF    ART. 

Sold  by  Leading-  Dealers  throughout  the 
United  States,  and  "Wholesale  by  the  Pub- 
lishers. 

J.    HOOVER, 

804    Market    Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
5v23-8m-eow 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY 

118  Front  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 
Patent   Combination   Cai'bolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  aud  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Eu gin e 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 

12vS3-3m  J.  W.  TA"2XOK,  Agent. 


204 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  30,  1872. 


Alkali  Soils. 

Many  of  our  mountain  readers  will  be  inter- 
ested in  the  following  discussion  which  recently 
took  place  at  the  Sacramento  Farmers'  Club, 
on  the  reclamation  and  value  of  alkali  soil: 

J".  E.  Johnson  said — I  think  it  evident  that 
drainage  alone  cannot  always  be  made  effectual 
in  the  reclamation  of  alkali  soils;  at  least  other 
expedients  may  be  resorted  to  in  connection 
with  drainage  with  good  results.  Stable 
manure,  well  mixed  with  the  soil,  and  turning 
the  soil  up  with  the  plow  and  allowing  it  to  re- 
main loose,  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  sun 
and  atmosphere  will  help  much.  Alkali  soils 
generally  are  very  rich  with  the  elements  of  pro- 
duction, but  these  elements  are  so  mixed  with 
other  ingredients  that  plants  cannot  separate 
and  use  them.  Anything  that  will  neutralize 
or  counteract  these  -vicious  ingredients  will 
reclaim  the  soil  and  render  it  valuable.  Ma- 
nures of  various  kinds  are  found  to  do  this, 
particularly  coarse  manures,  as  straw.  The 
great  difficulty  with  alkali  soils  is  that  they 
pack  too  close  together,  so  as  to  exclude  the 
air  and  heat.  Mixing  with  coarse  manures 
opens  the  pores,  so  to  speak,  and  enables  the 
soil  to  breathe,  and  thus  change  its  nature. 

Hoyt — I  think  the  base  of  alkali  soils  is  salt; 
and  anything  that  will  extract  the  salt  will  re- 
claim the  land  and  make  it  productive.  I  agree 
with  Johnson,  that  the  alkali  soils  have  a  super- 
abundance of  elements  of  production,  but  not 
in  proper  proportion;  restore  the  proportion 
and  these  lands  are  very  valuable.  Indeed, 
much  of  our  alkali  soil  would  make  good  ma- 
naure  for  a  large  portion  of  the  light  soils 
of  the  Atlantic  States. 

Aiken — I  repeat,  the  great  and  effective  agent 
at  our  command  at  the  least  expense  for  the 
reclamation  of  alkali  soils  is  drainage.  Carry 
off  the  surplus  water,  and  with  it  you  will  carry 
off  the  surplus  alkali  and  render  the  soil  por- 
ous and  lively  and  productive. 


New  Incorporations. 


Alps  "Water  Co. — March  21.  Location  : 
Alameda  Co.  Capital  stock,  $60,000,  in  600 
*  shares.  Trustees — "W.  V.  Thompson,  Edward 
J.  Pringle  and  T.  A.  Mudge. 

Star  Consolidated  M.  Co. — March  21.  Lo- 
cation :  Eureka  District,  Lander  Co.,  Nev. 
Capital  stock,  $5,000,000,  in  50,000  shares. 
Trustees— G.  T.  Lanton,  O.  F.  Girfin,  J.  H.  H. 
Williams,  L.  A.Adams  and  Robert  Sherwood. 

Lady  Emma  M.  Co. — March  21.  Location: 
Agra  District,  El  Dorado  Co.  Capital  stock, 
51,200,000,  in  24,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  S. 
Jameson,  A.  D.  Carpenter  and  "W.  B.  Ter- 
williger. 

Pennsylvania  M.  and  M.  Co. — March  25: 
Location:  Schell  Creek  Mining  District,  White 
Pine  county,  Nev.  Capital  stock,  $1,000,000, 
in  10,000  shares.  Trustees — James  M.  Living- 
ston, Joseph  Woodworth  and  Thomas  J. 
Patten. 

Salt  Lake  M.  Co. — March  26.  Location  : 
Utah  Territory.  Capital  stock,  §3,000,000,  in 
30,000  shares.  Trustees— M.  D.  Townsend, 
W.  J,  Jones,  K.  S.  EeUs,  T.  P.  Kimball  and 
James  A.  Allen. 

Silver  Peak  M.  Co.,  amended  certificate. 
March  27.  Location  :  Ely  District.  Capital 
stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees 
—J.  D.  Fry,  John  M.  Martin,  Wm.  Cline,  Wm. 
H.  Sears  and  Ira  G.  Hoitt. 

Belmont  M.  Co. — March  27.  Location  : 
Philadelphia  M.  District,  Nye  county,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  $5,000,000,  in  50,000  shares. 
Trustees— Marion  J.  McDonald,  F.  F.  Coffin, 
Victor  Fornbach,  Frank  Swift  and  Mark  L. 
McDonald. 

New  York  Con.  S.  M.  Co.— March  27:  Lo- 
cation: Gold  Hill  M.  District,  Story  county, 
Nev.  Capital  stock,  $3,600,000,  in  36,000  shares. 
Trustees— J.  D.  Fry,  L.  L.  Robinson,  F.  R.  A. 
Pioche,  Robert  Sherwood  and  A.  K.  P. 
Harmon. 


Coffee  Growing  in  California. — A  corres- 
pondent who  has  had  experience  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  coffee  in  Java,  at  an  elevation  of  4,000 
feet  above  the  sea,  where  the  banana  would  not 
bear  fruit,  and  the  sugar  cane  would  not  grow, 
and  where  the  climate  is  colder  than  on  our 
southern  coast,  writes  to  us  that  he  is  confident 
a  coffee  plantation  of  300  acres,  well  managed, 
would  pay  well  in  California.  He  would  send 
to  the  mountains  of  Java  for  the  plants,  at  a 
cost  of  $2,000,  set  out  4,200  on  an  acre,  in 
timber  land,  so  that  the  trees  would  shade  the 
young  plants,  cultivate  them  three  years  at  an 
expense  of  $35,000,  and  in  the  third  year 
harvest  a  full  crop  of  5,000  pounds  per  acre, 
worth  for  the  entire  plantation,  $300,000  or 
$400,000.  He  says  that  in  Java,  where  the 
Government,  which  owns  most  of  the  coffee 
plantations,  has  allowed  private  individuals  to 
go  into  the  business,  they  have  made  extra- 
ordinary profits.  The  subject  deserves  atten- 
tion, though  our  correspondent  may  be  too 
sanguine.  The  prudent  course  would  be  to 
cultivate  a  few  plants,  and  find  out  how  they 
prosper.  We  believe  there  are  some  in  the 
State  now. — Alia. 


The  foothills  of  the  Sierras  in  Placer,  El  Do- 
rado, and  Amador  counties,  are  green  with 
thousands  of  acres  of  the  best  looking  wheat  in 
the  State,  whilst  a  great  deal  in  the  lower  val- 
leys is  too  rank  for  the  season  and  will  require 
to  be  pastured  or  mown  off. 


Smelting  in  Pittsburgh. 

Among  the  industrial  enterprises  of 
Pittsburgh,  the  smelting  of  silver  ores 
promises  to  be  an  important  occupation. 
A  furnace  has  already  been  erected  and  is 
now  running  successfully,  and  in  all  prob- 
ability it  will  serve  as  the  nucleus  of  one 
or  more  extensive  smelting  works,  where 
ores  of  the  precious  metals  may  be  cheaply 
reduced.  Large  quantities  of  ores  from 
Utah  and  other  western  Territories  are  for- 
warded in  sacks  by  the  Union  Pacific  rail- 
road and  its  connections  to  New  York, 
whence  it  is  shipped  to  Swansea,  in  Wales, 
passing  directly  through  Pittsburgh  on  its 
way.  The  expenses  of  transportation  over 
this  long  route  are  very  heavy,  while  the 
cost  of  smelting  in  Utah,  owing  to  various 
causes,  is  much  greater  than  it  would  be 
in  a  city  so  favorably  situated  as  Pitts- 
burgh, where  fuel  of  the  best  quality  ex- 
ists in  abundance.  The  experiments  hith- 
erto made  prove  that  the  silver  ores  from 
the  Flagstaff,  Croesus,  and  other  character- 
istic mines  may  be  smelted  at  a  cost  not 
exceeding  five  dollars  per  ton,  while  the 
transportation  charges  are  much  less  than 
would  be  the  expense  of  smelting  at  the 
mines.  As  these  experiments  are  being 
conducted  by  experienced  persons,  and 
have  already  progressed  favorably,  they 
may  lead  to  the  establishment  of  perma- 
nent works,  and  tend  to  keep  the  profits  of 
smelting  ores  at  home,  instead  of  sending 
them  to  foreign  metallurgists. — Am.  En- 
gineer and  Mevieio. 

Co-operative  Housekeeping.  —  Self- 
made  men  revert  with  pardonable  pride  to 
the  difficulties  which  they  overcome  in 
early  years.  One  supported  his  mother 
and  sisters  and  self,  and  paid  the  expenses 
of  a  college  education,  by  hard  manual 
labor.  Another  made  his  original  mark 
in  some  New  England  district  school,  liv- 
ing frugally  and  studying  hard.  In  fact, 
the  devices  resorted  to  a  few  years  ago,  by 
poor  but  ambitious  young  men,  who  po- 
sessed  pluck  and  independence,  are  a  le- 
gion in  number.  No  one  feels  disposed  to 
dispute  these  facts,  but  when  it  is  hinted 
that  the  material  for  self-made  men  is  ex- 
hausted, and  that  the  boys  of  today  never 
feel  the  Promethean  fire  burning  in  their 
bosoms,  then  it  becomes  necessary  to  ad- 
vance some  argument  to  the  contrary. 
There  are  ten  young  men  from  Healdsburg 
attending  the  State  University.  Some  of 
these  students  could  not  afford  to  go 
through  the  College  course,  if  they  had  to 
board  at  a  hotel  or  in  a  private  family. 
In  view  of  tljis  circumstance,  the  ten  young 
men  have  formed  a  club  and  board  them- 
selves, having  a  Chinese  cook.  The  ex- 
pense is  thus  reduced  to  fifteen  dollars 
per  month,  and  this  includes  board  and 
washing.  Thus,  the  tuition  being  free, 
the  students  can  become  thoroughly  ed- 
ucated at  a  trifling  cost,  and  it  is  evident 
that  the  young  Californians  appreciate 
this  fact,  and  are  determined  to  enjoy  the 
generosity  of  this  State. 

Col.  Black's  Portrait,  as  recently  published 
in  the  Press  is  alluded  to  by  the  New  North 
West,.of  Deer  Creek,  M.  T.,  asfollows:  Now 
we  are  not  acquainted  with  Col.  Black — have 
never  seen  him,  to  our  knowledge — but  the  il- 
lustration (although,  of  course,  not  a  fine  steel 
engraving) ,  is  certainly  well  executed,  and  up 
to  the  average  of  common  wood  engraving;  and 
as  for  looks,  if  the  Colonel  is  any  better  looking 
than  that,  he  must  without  a  doubt  be  the  hand- 
somest man  in  the  Territory.  The  picture  is 
decidedly  good  looking  (as  any  one  can  see  by 
examining  it) ,  even  as  it  now  is,  and  it  is  very 
likely  it  falls  short  of  the  original  in  fine  per- 
sonal appearance;  but  we  have  not  seen  a  hand- 
somer face  (among  men)  in  Montana  than  this 
same  picture  indicates.  The  editor  of  the  Ga- 
zette must  be  a  little  jealous;  certainly  nothing 
else  could  ever  induce  him  to  attempt  the  de- 
molition of  so  fine  a  likeness. 


The  discovery  of  glass  making  was  ef- 
fected by  seeing  the  sand  vitrified  upon 
which  a  fire  had  been  kindled.  Blancourt 
says  that  the  making  of  plate  glass  was 
suggested  by  the  fact  of  a  workman  hap- 
pening to  break  a  crucible  filled  with  mel- 
ted glass.  Then  uid  ran  under  one  of  the 
large  flag-stones  with  which  the  floor  was 
paved.  On  raising  the  stone  to  recover 
the  glass,  it  was  found  in  the  form  of  a 
plate,  such  as  could  not  be  produced  by 
the  ordinary  process  of  blowing. 

The  drainage  of  wet  lands  adds  to  their  value 
by  making  them  produce  more  and  better  crops, 
by  producing  them  earlier,  thus  giving  more 
time  to  mature. 


Summary  of  Meteorological  Observations 

in  Montana. 

Made  at  Deer  Lodge  City,  M.  T.,  by  Granville  Stuart, 
during  seven  months  of  the  year  1871.  Latitude,  46° 
26' ;  Longitude,  112°  40'  ;  Altitude,  4,768  feet. 


Observations. 


Miners,  mechanics,  write  for  yourpaper. 


Barometer. 
Monthly  Mean.. 

Highestforin'th 

Lowest 

Thermometer. 
Monthly  Mean.. 

Highest  for ni'th 


Lowest 

Wind. 

Prev'lng  dii'ec'n. 

Rainfall  ifcnielt'd 
anow  dur.  m'th 
in  inches 

Snowfall  during 
m'th  in  inches. 


.'5.485 
27tli. 
25.816 


25.754 
27  th. 

66. 0C 

151  h 
'J7.0 
9th. 
■13.0 


25.459 

16th, 
25.7H2 

9th 
25.384 

62.fi3 
17th. 

JU2.ll 
2  2d. 
41.0° 

N."W. 


■25 .  m 

9th 
25.yU( 

271  h 
25.17; 

56. 2C 

i»  A"  '.!(■ 
87.0- 
2  1th. 
35.0- 


5.512 
1st. 

25.85S 
271  h. 
25.250 

41.0s 
3d. 

78,0" 

13th. 
9.1F 

N.W. 


25.375 

2iH  h. 
25.s:ti 

24  th. 
24.718 

26.1° 
1st. 
(>:!.() 
26th 
-25. 0: 

N.  E. 


3.60 
35.25 


25.361) 
9th. 

25.SJ1 
29th. 

24.859 

16.0° 
5  &  7 

49. 0Q 
26th. 
-34.0° 

N.  E. 


1.51 
16.75 


Barometer  reduced  to  32°  Fall.    Average  for  seven 

months 25.435 

Mean  annual  temperature  at  Deer  Lodge  for  five  years  42D.5 
Mean  annual  temperature  of  principal  valleys  of  Mon- 
tana  , 48° 

Following  is  the  amount  of  snowfall  in  Deer 
Lodge  : 

20.25 inches  in  1867-8.      Greatest  depth  at  any  time..  2W  in. 
16.75         "         1868-9.  "  "  "  ..  2      " 

29.35        "        1869-70.         "  "  "  ..4     " 

45.73         "         1870-71.  "  "  "  ..3      " 

70.42        "         1871-72.    (To  Feb.  22) 12      " 

Average  amount  of  rain  and  melted  snow  in  Montana 

for  four  years 12      " 

Greater  portion  of  Deer  Lodge- Valley  hare  of  snow*  at 
date  (Feb.  22d).  Stock  doing  well;  but  few  head  have  died 
as  yet,  and  spring  seems  at  hand.  This  has  been  a  severe 
winter  in  Montana.  Considerable  loss  in  Texas  cattle  in 
some  localities,  as  they  were  driven  in  late  in  the  fall  and 
were  thin  in  flesh.  They  could  not  stand  the  snow  and  un- 
usual cold,  coming  as  they  did  from  a  warm  climate.  Na- 
tive cattle  generally  have  done  well.  We  are  sure  of  an 
abundance  of  water  this  year,  and  the  consequent  yield  of 
our  placer  mines  will  be  very  great.  The  mining  season  is 
expected  to  open  about  the  1st  of  April. 

Granville  Stuart. 
Deer  Lodge  City,  M.  T.,  Feb.  22, 1872. 


Meteorological  Report,  San  Francisco, 
For  week  endiDg  March  27th,  1872. 


DaXc.     B.B.  Th.  R.  H. 

Mar.  21.  ,30.22  50        93 

Mar.  22.. 30.00  49  93 

Mar.  23.. 30.07  50  93 

Mar.  24.. 30.04  .50       86 

Mar.  25.. 30.00  51  86 

Mar.  26.. 30.06  49  85 

Mar.  27.. 29.94  52  100 


J).  W. 
Calm 
Calm 
Calm 
Calm 
W. 
Calm 


V.  ir.    F.  W.        S.  W. 
Clear 
Cloudy 
Clear 

Cloudy 
Light       Cloudy 
Hazy 

Threat 


Explanations.— H.  B.,  higlit  of  barometer;  Th.,  ther- 
mometer; R.  H.,  relative  humidity;  D.  W.,  direction  wind; 
V.  W.,  velocity  of  wind:  F.  W.,  force  of  wind;  S.  W.,  state 
of  weather. 


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HOUSE     A.JXT>      SIGJV. 

f^~  Walls  Whitened  or  Tinted. 

E.    H.    GADSBY, 
7v3-eombp  E85  Market  street,  San  Francisco. 

HILL'S  PATENT 

EURE  KA    GANG     PLOW, 


The  undersigned,  Manufacturers  of  "HELL'S  PAT- 
ENT EUREKA  GANG  PLOWS,"  take  this  method  of 
sailing  the  attention  of  Agriculturists  throughout  the 
Pacific  States  and  Territories  to  the  merits  of  the  above 
named  Plows,  and  offer  the  following  reasons  why  they 
are  entitled  to  preference  over  any  other  Plow  in  ubg. 

They  are  made  of  the  best  material,  and  every  Plow 
warranted. 

They  are  of  light  draught,  easily  adapted  to  any 
depth,  and  are  very  easily  handled. 

They  will  plow  any  kind  of  soil,  and  leave  the  ground 
in  perfect  order. 

FIEST    PKEMTTTlffiSI 

These  Plows  took  the  First  Premium  at  the  State  Fair 
in  Sacramento,  in  1870;  at  the  Northern  District  Fair  in 
MaryBville,  1870  and  1871;  and  at  the  Upper  Sacramento 
Valley  Fair,  Chico,1870  and  1871.  At  the  Mechanics' 
Fair,  held  in  San  Francisco  in  1871,  a  Silver  Medal  was 
awarded  these  Plows;  and  the  State  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, at  the  last  Fair,  offered  a  premium  of  $40  for  the 
best  Gang  Plow.  The  committee  was  composed  of 
practical  farmers  from  the  agricultural  counties,  who, 
alter  a  fair  test  and  thorough  competition  with  the 
leading  plows  of  the  State,  awarded  the  premium  to  the 
Eureka  Gang  Plow.  From  this  it  will  be  seen  that 
these  celebrated  plows  still  maintain  their  reputation 
over  all  competitors.    Patented  Sept.  7, 1809. 

Champion  Deep-Tilling  Stubble  Plow, 

which  took  the  First  Premium  over  all  competitors  at 
the  State  Fair,  1871.  It  turns  a  furrow  14  inches  deep 
and  24  inches  wide. 

This  Gang  Plow  combines  durability  with  cheapness, 
being  made  entirely  of  iron  by  experienced  workmen,  of 
the  best  material.  Over  three  hundred  are  now  in  use, 
and  all  have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

Manufactured  and  for  sale  at  the  corner  of  Third 
street  and  Virgin  Alley,  Marysville,  by 

tttt.t.  &  e^atjgb:, 

And  also  by  most  leading  Agricultural  Dealers  in  the 
State.  All  others  are  invited  to  apply  at  once  for 
Circulars,  prices,  etc,  J6v23-tf 


March  30,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


205 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


■    1  1  ■ 

■ 

iivj— ithiik  it  the  very  LthU  hv*r  w t  tOM  . 


Marcelina  Silver  Mining    Company.— Lo- 

DBtton  ■'/    Wurka:    Kurvkii   Jjinlnel,    Laudi  r    Oountj, 

N<  voUa. 

Notice  it  hmby  gtYQD  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board 
■  !  Trutewof  bald  company  beld  un  th<j  odghttidftj  "f 
:  -::,  an  ineument  of  ten  centa  par  »h»m  »»« 
I.  vi.  a  open  tli.?  capital  Block  of  said  tompany,  payable 
Immediately,  Is  Doited  Btataa  gold  andeUver  coin,  to 
Ibe  Secretary,  at  toe  offloe  of  ttu  Oompanjt  Boom  U, 
Baywanrt  Building,  119  California  litest.  Ban  1 

Anv  stock  upon  vnlon  Mid  aaaeaament  Khali  remain 
uupa  d  uu  th.-  fifteenth  day  of  April.  18TO,  shall  be 

deemed  dfUii<iiK-ut,aud  will  be  duly  advertised  for  Hli 
at  public  auction,  aud  uuh.' <it»   payment   shall    bo   nmdu 

before,  will  bv  sold  uu  TnatdaT,  the  ■erentli  day  of 
Slay,  1H7-J.  to  pay  tin*  delinquent  ■■■iwiminl    together 

wn!i  c  «tu  ol  advertising  and  expenses  of  wile.    By  or- 
der of  thi'  Hoard  .<(  Trustees. 

cuas.  K.  ELLIOTT,  Secretary. 
Office,  lloom'il.    Hay  ward's  Building,  «1»  California 
street,  Sau  Pram  Bin. niarl'i-:iw 


Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

apany.— Location  of  Works:  TayulUU,  Ban  Dimu 
Dutriel,  i>  trail  :■■   Hexleo. 

Notioe  ii  herein  Ktran,  timt  at  a  meeting  uf  the  Board  of 
i  .1  *»id  Company,  bald  on  the  twelfth  Jay  of  May. 

lWW,  an  uuteasiuout  of  two  dollars  per  Hharo  was  Kvi.il  upuii 
tha  mnaishlfi  nnpital  nliiflr    f    nil   I'oinpany,   payable  im- 
1  '  ■■•  koIJ  and  ndvur  coin,  to  the  Sec- 

retary, B.  J.  Pfeiffer,  No.  alt)  Poat  street,  or  to  tbfl    freest! 
rer,  A.  Iliiiiiuvlinaon,  No.  tETi  Washington  street,  San  Fran- 

.  ..'til.-  tln>  ui-i.-htttdneaa  of  the  said  L'oiuuuny. 
And  wboroaa  thoro  haa  been  in  emir  in  the  course  uf  pro- 
ceedings for  thu  collection  of  *aid  Assessment,  by  reason  of 
pro*  1  tfil  dy  law.  all  ['ravioli-*  oro.-i-rilin^s.  exci'l-it 
UU  levjrins  Ol  the  A.-^"™m..-iil,  are  ■.  ■  >il1.  un>l  I)  nil  Ileal  ion  re- 
ooirad  to  i'o  k>Kun  anew.  NOW,  therefore,  by  order  of  the 
Board  of  Tru»t«.-<.<*  of  Mill  Company,  at  a  meeting  of  Maid 
Trustees,  h.-M  on  the  eighth  day  ol  March.  1872,  ■ 
mant  is  hereby  ro-pubUaned,  and  notice  theroof  given  aa 
follow*,  to  wit; 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Mill- 
ing Company.— Location  of  Works:  Tayoltita,  San  Dimas 
District,  l)iiraii>;o.  Mexico, 

N  ■■■'■■.  0  its  hereby  given,  that  nt  a  meotinp  of  the   Board  of 
1  ol  said  Company,  held  on  the  twelfth  day  of  May, 

HMS*,  an  eBaftSSmant  of  two  dollars  par  share  was  levied  upon 
the  aaBeaaable  capital  stock  of  MUG  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  Status  sold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Sec- 
retary. E.  J.  Pfeillcr,  No.  Jll>  Post  street,  or  to  the  Treasu- 
rer, A.  Iliitimelinann,  No.  id  Washington  ritreet,  Sau  Fran- 
eisc,  to  settle  the  imlehtednosd  of  the  said  Oompany. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  n.--e^sinent  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  fifteenth  day  of  April.  l#;2,  shall  be  deemed  de- 
linquent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  bo  sold 
on  Wednesday,  the  eighth  day  of  May,  Wi,  to  pay  the  de- 
linouent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
E.  J.  PFEIFFER,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  210  Post  street.  San  Francisco,  California. 


Ophir  Copper,  Silver  and  Gold  M.  Com- 
pany—Location of  Works,  Ophir,  Placer  County,  Cal. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  un  the  lota  day  ol  March. 
lH72.an  assessment  of  twenty  1'20)  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  ami  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary, 
N.  E  Cor.  Sanaomc  and  Halleck  Sts.,  entrance  on  Halleck 
street.  San  Francisco,  Any  stock  npon  which  said  aasess- 
ment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  the  'JKth  day  of  April,  1872. 
shall  bo  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised 
for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  Bhall  be 
made  before,  will  he  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  17th  day  of  May, 
1872.  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  adverti-ing  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  R.  G.  BRUSH.  Secretary. 

Office,  N.  E.  Cornor  Saneomo  and  Halleck  Streets,  S,   F. 

Pocahontas  Gold  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works.  Mud  Springs,  El  Dorado  County,  State 
of  California.  , 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  ol  the  Board  01 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  '.Wtli  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  Five  Dollars  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payahle  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  company.  Room  No.  2G.  Hay  ward's  Build  ing. 
No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco.  California.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  usse-sment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
Saturday,  the  fith  day  of  April,  1872.  shall  he  deemed  de- 
linquent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at. public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  he  made  before  will  he 
sold  on  Monday,  the  tith  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertis- 
i  ng  and  expenses  ol"  the  saie, 

D.  A.  JENNINGS.  Secretary. 
Office,  Boom  No.  2fi,  Hay  ward's   Building,  UU  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
February  2fi,  II" 


120 

600 

1 

5 

7 

35 

1  0 

600 

110 

595 

60 

300 

CO 

250 

HENDT'S 
Improved     Lamont    Steam    Engine    Regulator, 

WITH    STOP    VALVE    ATTACHED. 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Company — 

Location  of  works:  CaluvovaB  County,  California. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  amount  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
15th  day  of  February,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholder  as 
follows. 

Names.  No.  Certificate,    No.  Shares.        Am't. 

F.  S.  Spring,  Trustee 44 

E.  F.Dennison Vi 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trusteo 40 

A.  E.Hill,  Trustee 39 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trustee 37 

A.  E.  Richardson,  Trustee  36 
A.  E.Hill,  Trustee 31 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  15th  day  of  February,  1672,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  nec- 
essary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Oompany,  No.  409  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
California,  on  the  16th  day  of  April,  1872,  at  the  hour  of 
12  o'clock  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.  T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 

Office,  409  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

mar30-3t 


South  Gulch  Gravel  Mining  Company- 
Location  of  works:  Brushville  Mining  District,  Cala- 
veras County,  California. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
seventh  day  of  February,  1872,  the  several  amouDts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.    Amount. 

Geo.F.  Sharp 1 

W.H.N.  Cronise 2 

G.B.   Merrill 3 

J.  W.  Griswold 4 

J.  W.  Griswold,  Jr 5 

E.  J.  Griswold 6 

Geo.  W.  Merritt 7 

A.  C.  Wallop 8 

T.  F.  Cronise 10 

Mrs.  S.  L.  Griswold 11 

B.M.  Griswold 12 

Geo.  W.  Gilmore 13 

H.  E.Watson. 14 

Walter    Roby 15 

J.  H.  Brown 9 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  7th  day  of  February, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the 
office  of  the  Company,  409  California  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal,,  on  the  3d  day  of  April,  1872,  at  the  hour  of 
12  o'clock  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinqnent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costB  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  T.  F,  CRONISE,  Secretary. 

Office— 409  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
marie-St 


200 

if  300 

200 

300 

60 

90 

60 

75 

10O 

150 

60 

75 

60 

75 

50 

75 

140 

210 

50 

75 

60 

75 

50 

75 

50 

75 

60 

75 

50 

75 

X»  EBFECTLY    RELIABLE. 


Rapidly   Superceding   all    other 

GOVERNOES 


Wherever  introduced. 
We    Invito    th©     Attention    <»1*    Uiono 


INTERESTED    IN    OR    USING 


STEAM    ENGINES, 


IMPROVED   REGULATOR  AND  CUT-OFF, 

FOR   EITHER 

Stationary  or  Portable 

ENGINES. 
An   Examination   Will 

BE      SUFFICIENT      TO      SATISFY     THE 

MOST     SKEPTICAL 

OF    ITS    UTILITY    AND 

SIMPLICITY, 

And  the  many  References  in  Our  Possession 

FROM    ENGINEERS    WHO    ARE 

Using  them,  attest  their 

PRACTICAL    SU  PERI0RITY 

Over  all  others. 

We  refer  to  Union  Ironworks;  Pacific  Iron 
Works;  Fulton  Iron  Works;  M.  Taylor,  Grass 
Valley;  Phoenix  Quicksilver  Mining  Co.,  Napa 
Co.;  Samuel  MeCurdy,  Nevada  Co.,  and  others. 

JOSHUA.    HENDY, 
Office  and  Works,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 
Hendy's  Ore  Concentrators  and  Circular  Saw  Mills. 4v24-lam-tf 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  "Working  Hammers,  Eorge  Hammers, 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames,    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

§     osr  Send  for  Circulars.  13v24-3n 


Fop 

Steam  Pipes 

&  Boilers 


SAVES  25  PER  CENT.  OF  FUEL— An  item  worth 
looking  after.  Also,  Steam  Governors,  Tube  Scrapers, 
Steam  PumpB,  Self-Oilers,  Cylinder  CupB,  Belting, 
Lacing,  Hose,  Fuse,  Packing,  etc.,  including  all  kinds 
Miners',  Engineers'  and  Millmen's  Supplies,  at  the  Ma- 
chinery and  Supply  D^pot  of  TREAD  WELL  &  CO.;  old 
stand,  Market  street,  head  of  Front,  San  FranciBCO. 
13v24eow 


w.  h.  GOHiuLL,  Pres't.  o.  H.  goerill,  Sec'y. 

Pacific    Bridge    Company 

Are  prepared  to  build  Wooden  and  Iron  Bridges  on 
SMITH'S  PATENT  TRUSS  PLAN. 
Plans  and  specifications  furnished  to  counties  or  per- 
sons desiring  to  build.    Lithographs  and  prices  sent  on 
application. 

Smith's  Cast  Iron  Pier,  durable  as  stone,  and 
adapted  to  resist  rapid  currents,  put  in  at  low  rates. 

Address  PACIFIC  BRIDGE  CO., 

3v2-3m-eow  Oakland  Cal. 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

2SSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 


Improved  3-lh.  Can  Press  for  $65; 
Cutter,  $15,  etc. 


Rotary  Solder 
13v24-13t 


The   Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     TJSBI 
Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduotion  of  Sul- 
phur et  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
B^~  Send  for  Circular.  13v24-3m 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 
of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice  by  apply 
ing  to  WOLF  &  CO.,  516  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v24-3m 


Nevada    Land    and    Mining    Company— 

ii     Spenn   Mounliiin,  Aiit<dut>e  and  Clifton  Min- 

111^     1».    .rvi.L-  .    r    [,...    I  ,.,,;.       M.lU>    Of    NOTUdft- 

Xotice  is  liereliy  given,  that  at  ii  nicotine  of  the  Board  of 
i  i     id  oompany,  held  on  the  8Bui  dtyoi  March, 

mt,  un  MMSsment  ut  f-mi  oenta  pat  share  naa  levied  upon 

tin-  oapital    stock  of  raid    company,    payable   iiunudiati'ly, 
1     Doited   StatM  >:«M  coin,  to  the  Searetaro,  at  the  Oo.  a 

■,,   i,  N  i.   3 Jj    ^^'[)^K|,|||,','^   stu-i't.,  S«n  i  rancisco, 
California. 
Am  stock  upon  which   said  ftHBew-mfnt  shall  remain  un- 
iid  on  Tuesday  the  'id   day  of  May,  187S,  shall  he  deemed 
tlilQIient,   ami   "ill    bfl  flutf  advertised  for  hhIi>  at  public 
.ui-tiuji.  :>n  J  unless  payment  shall   ho   made  before,  will  be 
■Old  on  Friday  th«   ilth   duv  of   M;.y,   UTS.   to  pay  th.-  de- 
inouc-nt   assessment,   totfothur    with    costs    of  advertising 
tiid   eihcnses  "t   sale.      BvohI.tuI   ih.-Mnard     uf    Trust. -es. 
^  \VM,  H,   WATSON,  Secretary. 

Office— Ruum  ''.  >'*>■  &1-  Montnumery   st.,  San  Francisco, 
Lahl,  ruia.  mariW-td 


Spring    Mountain   Tunnel    Company,    Ely 

MininK  District.  Pioche.  Nevnda.  .-.-.». 

Noticu  i^  hen  hv  tfiven,  that  at  it  mretnin  of  the  Heard  ol 
Trustees  of  &«id"  c.mnunv,  held  on  the  lath  day  of  March, 
li",:,  ,n.  .i  ^.'.-in.'iit  of  fifteen  cent-  per  share  wart  levied 
lIDOQtbi  .  .ii.iUil  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
tit.lv.  in  United  Stuh-s  p.ld  coin.  In  I  lie  S.-eretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  company.  Kuom  37,  Merchants  Lxehance.  Call- 
str.-w.  citv  and  county  of   San   FrwiOlBCO,  OaOfornlB. 


ent  shall  remain  unpaid 


fOL_._ 

Any  BtOOk  upon  which  said  . — 

,.u  the  'JJd  duv  of  April.  |S7:>.  hhall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  bed  ul  v  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  und 
unless  payment  shall  !"•  made  before,  will  be  *old  un  Mon- 
day, the  13th  day  of  Mav,  l«T2,  to  pay  the  delinuuent  bshcss- 
nient,  toRPtlier  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  M.  BUFFIMiTOX,  Sccrelary. 

Office.  Room  37.  New  Merchant's  Exchange,  California 
Mtr.-i-t,  Sun  Francisco,  <  'ulifurnia.  mariti-td 

Sau  Francisco,  March  lti,  1872. 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

inp  Company.— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 

avoraa  County,  California. 

Notice  ia  hereby  triven,  that  at  a  meotmc  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  20th  day  of 
March,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Three  ($:(.00)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  ol  Bald  Oompany, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  Suites  cold  and  silver  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  634  Washington  street.  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  23d  day  of  April,  1872.  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will    bo    duly   advertised    for   sale   at  public 

uuftion,  and    unless   ji.iv nl   shall  be  made  before,  will  be 

sold  on  Tueaduv,  the  lllh  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN.  Secretary. 

Office  634  Washington  street,  Room  No.  2.  up  stairs,  San 
Francisco.  Cal .    Office  hours  from  11  A.M.  to  2  i'.M.      ni23-4t 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROUDSBTJRGr,    PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL. 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $25,  $35,  $40,  $55  and  $100.-    DIAMOND  TURN- 
ING TOOLS,  $15  eaoh. 


SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From   40   cents   to   $113    each. 

Every  IKON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudshurg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office. 


Important    to    Miners. 

PREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current    and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quiclcsilver. 

Eor  particulars  address 
WATERS  Sn  CO.,  Assayera,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24-3m 


1     Purchasehs  please  eay  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


fl«1  (Kin  REWARD!  For  any  case  of  Blind, 
tplfVUU  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated  Piles  that 
De  Bing's  X*ile  Itemedy  fails  to  cure.    It  ie 

Erepared  expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing  else,  and. 
as  cured  cases  of   over  20  years  standing.    Sold  by  all 
Druggists.    Price  $1.00.  m 

0.  F.  Richaiids  A  Co..  Agents,  corner  Olay  and  Sansome 
treets,  San  Francisco,  Oal.  8v24-ly 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  oreB,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  moBt  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  -with  steam  bottomB,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows; 

The  pan  beingfilled,  the  motion  of  themuller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setters  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  bo  constantly  and  perfectly  In  con- 
tact with  quickBilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  theBe  pans  and  sellers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 

First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 

MICROSCOPES. 

Illustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   free, 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  NaBsan  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly 


BEALtf$ 

fvTT. BRYANT  &  STRATT0N  __  Z*1^ 

BUSINESS  COLLEGE^ 

**—     3H-  POST ST*-^*" 

sAjLEsaaascpj 

IS  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  SCHOOL  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  ItB  course 
of  instruction  iB  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sendiDg  for  Heatj>'s  Col- 
lege Journal.  _        _ 

Address  E.  P.  HEALD, 

President  Business  College,  San  Francisco, 

Sv3-eowbp 


206 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  30,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


ESTABLISHED    XS5X. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

Fil'st  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

1  RA    P.   BA.NH1IN,  A.  P.  Bit ATTTON, 

»EO.  W.  FOGG,  Snperlntcndent. 

»°teaniEngines  and  Boilers, 

MAEWE  AND   STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
srices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

a^"  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Jlpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
SRATED  PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18y20-3m  GODDABD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

KAKTJFACTUF.EF.S    OF 

^tkam:  engines, 

Quartz,    Flour    andL    ©aw   Mills, 

32jiyew'  Improved  Steam  Pump,  Rrodle'n  Im- 
proved      Crusher,      Mining     Pomps* 
Amalgamators,  and  all  hind* 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How* 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 
MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111   Mission   Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
^Printing    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
builj  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
bo  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,   MANUFACTTJBEB   ADD   SOLE   AGENT  FOE 

Pracy's     Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 

UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OT 

S  rEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

if  sin  burr's  Fatent  Self-Ad|ustlnfc  Steam   Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining-  Machinery. 

Front  Street)  between  IV   and  O  streets, 

FUflRtUKNTO  OlT» 

PACIFIC 

Holling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND    OTHER    IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  Variety  of  Shafting?* 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES     f 

Steamboat    Shaft*,    Crank»,     Pinion     and    Coo. 

uectlng  Sods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 

and    frame* 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED      IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

•»-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
3JMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,will  ceive 
prompt  attention 

J9-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vl43ra 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST    ROTARY    BLOWER, 

MANUFACTURED    AT 

The  Globe  Iron  "Works,  Stockton,  Oal 

AWARDED    THE     FIRST     PREMIUM    AT    THE  PARIS    EXPOSITION— PATENTED 
NOT.  1,  1864;  JULY  24,_'lS66;  AND  OCT.  9,  1866. 
« 
Adapted 

FOB 

Smelting, 

Foundry, 
Mining 


and 


Steamships. 


Than    any    Blower 


One  of  these  Blowers  may  be  seen  at  TV.  T.  Garratt  Si  Co.'s  Brass  Foundry,  San  Francisco;  Gould  Si  Curry 
and  Savage  S.  M.  Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C.  P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sacramento;  and  other  places  on  this  coast. 

Caotioh.— Purchasers  win  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  apply  direct  to  the  Stockton  Agency,  as  certain  parties, 
not  authorized  to  manufacture  the  Blower,  have  put  in  the  market  machines  of  inferior  construction,  which  do 
not  answer  all  the  requirements  of  the  genuine  article. 

QUARTZ,  SAW  AND  GRIST  MILL,  IRON,  STATIONARY  AND  STEAMBOAT  ENGINES, 
HORSE-POWER  AND  PUMPS,  OF  ALL  SIZES. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

Mitf  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

steam;  ptxmps. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GIEFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

STEAM     TRAP. 
tSux-ia.ee   Condensers. 

DAVID~STODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  E. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  'Works),  Proprietor. 
High  and  Low 


BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest   Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    RISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  of  Beale  and.  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO.      . 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  {High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
ffm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  "Win.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McL  A.NE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  K.  MEAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &~BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3ni 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  -which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysville"  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating-  Machinery, 

SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 

STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 

Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.  Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  e-,  ery- 
thing  requiied  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 

6v24-3ni  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    «&    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast) . 

Cor,  'First    and.    Mission    Sts.» 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 

Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  sizo. 

Irrigating1    Pumps.     Steam   Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J. BOOTH.  GEO. W.PRESCOTT.rRVXNGM. SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

ETJREKA      FOUNDRY, 

29  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 
San  Francisco. 

1IBHT  ASH  HEATI  CA8TIJIS9, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


LSAH    PBAWCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,   Proprietors, 

MANTTFACTOREKS  OF  AIL  KINDS  OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v2ily 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsoni,  San  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Casting's  of  all  kinds. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kinds  of  Br  ass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hingt-s.slii  i-  ami  steamboat  Bells  and 
Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
clraulic  Pipes  ana  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
S®-  PRICES  MODERATE.  «ffi» 
J.   H.  WEED*  V.  KINGWELL. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  foreed 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  I  he  steam  pipe 
C;  it  tLen  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glaBS 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodft  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rinj-'S  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  11, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works.  125  First  street,  S.  F.      2iv23tf 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS     OP 


WOOD-WOREaTSTG  ^machinery, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Philadelphia. 

8^"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
KOIEER     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  st,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  FranclflCff. 


March  30,  1872. j 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


207 


California  File  Manul'g  Co. 

Potrero,  SoUno  itr#et,  bet.  l>m.fswf  and    U 

*tr\iU,  San   1 

Manufacturera  of  Now  Files. 
OM  Fllefl  r<:-L'ut  »nd  warr^1. 
BiAl'KIt  AMI  MOW  IK  IKCTIONB,  ll  I  Hs 

ami  KM  IVES  (iMiri.rn:, 
■t  1  MfiDg  of  60  pas  coat.  Uni'in  fr»ui  Uu 
promptly  attended  to.  yvl^-by 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 

Df-rnlilp  ht-rctufuru  exi*linn  between  A.  J.  BoVvraueo, 
Cbark-i  W.  Randall  »nd  J.   QtU.    Hurt.    DJldflr  the   flrui 

name  of  "  Berenuuw,  Uoit  ft  0o.,M  ta  thi«  daj 

bjr  mutual  OOUBDt.  A.  J.  Bt'Yuranc«,  h&vniK  pnreh*Ued 
•  11  11. •■  Hit-  r.  I  Oi  In-,  late  partners,  will  MOtlfitU  tbfl 
hnilniHi  "t  manufacturing  and  inllliiK  IJiaiu«j|iil  Drill*, 
»•  K'-f.  t-".  Liii.l.-r  Uu'  «tvl..'  ol  A.  J.  S.  v.-raiK'L-  &  Oo. 

Dated  s^n  1  reni  leco,  Nor.  M,  1871. 

Offlcw.aiS  California  «trcct.     A.  J.  SFVKK rVNCE, 

ill  tfl,  H.  BAKDALL, 

22-v.M.tr  J.  uis,  m  i;t. 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 

MACHINIST, 

end  Mak<  r  <>f  HodalB  tar  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  1>Ith, 

Stamps  and  Pumbin  mad<<.     Also,  all  kindn  Ol 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  TerniB  end  in  the 

bent  manner.     No.  32  Fremont  hired.  8.  P.        i  DO 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  strict,  l»>t.  Howard  and  Foleom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,     CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

Sv24-3m 


CALDWELIVS 

Improved      Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  118 
and  115  Boale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v3*-3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 


JOS.    THOBNHXLX, 
Bricklayer    and.    Contractor. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Fire  Work, 
such  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,  etc. 

Orders  left  with  C.  W.  White,  \1  Clay  Btreet,  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  1612  Mason  street,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  '24v21-3m 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bunk,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
In  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad 
vantage  than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  Eve  cents  per  hour.  Lumps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal. 


NELSON    &>  X>OBLE, 

AGENTS   FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sledg-ea,    Hummers,    Stone    Cutters',    Black 

amltha*  und  Hor»e-Shoer»'  Tools. 
IS  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
lOvHar 


SHEET    IKON    PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

AU  binds  of  OAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

W  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     -AJVI>     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratfs  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street,  fiv23-3m 


BLAKE'S     PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 

uniUce  on  SI  I  ,;i,  ii„i„.,id..l  ExJii 

ics'  [ustitulo,  Sim  i 

'  .  .  . 

i  l.'  HUM  tolt.a 
tlw  first  premium.]  jam  si'iKli 

■n.         .,       -r,  .     .   .,       n  „  WK.  II.  BIBCH. 

™«  too  Beport  of  tho  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  lasl  i  Industrial 
Exhibition  ol  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  Sun  Francisco  : 

UI.AKK'S  MININii   H'MP.- Thl» ll  '   lump,  well  In:,  i  .1,1    .,f  duty      ffu 

nil  a  Diploma  for  tin*  Pump.     (Sunn  .1  by  tho  Commit! 


1,.  W.   Dl 

W.  KPtKLKHKIMEIt, 


CHAS.  It.  BTEIGER, 


H.  B.   AN. .     I. 
ME1XV11.U;  ATWOOD 

I  N""  "<''  ;  "I1  received  other  thitn  11  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST 

UeehanieG'  Exhibition  Booker's  Hand 

Pump,  ol  an;  kind  whatsoever,  that  received  a  Ml  1'IKST  PEEMI1   Bl 

t  awardto  pumps)  al  the  last  Bxhibition,  for  which  «       n      Iso 
Report  of  Uu    ■ 

,     'n"  Walol  -■  ■■     '  1  i  1   ,.  

wimuil 

Ii  others  gave  bul  MJ 

'v"  '•''■''■"'  '"  "    :  EVER  RECEIVED  A  sn.VKlt  MED    1  ,  i:,l,;i,Uion  of  U,e 

UecMma   hutitule  ever  lirlit  fa  San  Francisco  or  California. 


■sr  A  complete  stock  ol  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  tin  Ujocbinerv  Warehouse  ol  the  Agents, 
,„  „       ,  TKEADWELL     Jfc    CO., 

12v3-awbp  Market  street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Fba.sx-isco. 


KNOWLES5    PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Received  the  Highest  Award — A  Diploma — 

Over  all  Steam  Pump   Competitors,  at  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair   of  San  Francisco, 
1871 ;   also  Special  Medal  and  Diploma  at  State  Fair. 


^■■r:--^_^r-  ^L——^i-=^^-i,ivi£li£lMC 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-"Wlieel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  ii 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC  R.  R.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC,) 
Sacramento,  Cal.,  April  11, 1871.  J 

A.  L.  FISH,  Esq.,  Agent  of  tho  Knowles'  Stoam  Pump,  San  Francinco— Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  at 
to  the  merits  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  in  use  upon  this  road,  I  will  say  that  we  have  nineteen  of  them  hi 
use  on  this  road  its  lire  engines,  and  pumping  water  for  shop  and  station  use.  I  consider  the  Knowles  Steam 
Pump  the  best  in  use,  and  prefer  it  to  any  other.    Yours  truly,       A.  J.  STEVENS,  General  Master  Mechanic. 


WE    BUILD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE   LARGEST   STOCK   OF    PUMPS   IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Eyery  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

IVo   O  First  [Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


BLAKE'S     PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pomps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  San  Francisco 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMP.— This  Pump  yielded  the  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  afe 
compared  with  its  measured  capacity.  '1  he  valves  are  of  brasB,  and  well  arranged.  The  steam  valves  are  well 
arranged  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  fast  or  slow. 

We  recommend  that  a  Medal  be  awarded  to  it,  as  THE  BEST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  Silver  Medal, 
the  first  premium.]  {Signed)  JAS.    SPIERS, 

"WM.    H.    BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial  Exhibition  of  th 
Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING  PUMP. — This  is  an  excellent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty.  We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.     (Signed  by  the  Committee.) 

G.  W.  DICKIE,  H.   B.   ANGEL,  CHAS.   R.    STEIGER, 

W.  EPPELSHEIMER,  MELVILLE    ATWOOD. 

[No  other  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST  Mechanics'  Bshi- 
bition,  aU  other  assertions  to  Vie  contrary  notwithstanding.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump  was  the  only  Pump  of  any  kind 
whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM  (highest  award  to  pumps)  at  the  last  Exhibition,  for 
which  w*  are  also  selling  agents.— .See  official  Report  nf  the  above  Committee.] 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  committee  of  five  of  the  mosl 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast  (as  above  named) ,  showed  that  the  Blake  Pump  gave  8G  per  cent,  of 
utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  GO  per  cent.,  showing  great  difft-rence  in  economy. 

The  Blake  Pump  is  the  ONLY~Sieam  Pump  that  EVER  RECEIVED 
A  SIL  VER  MEDAL  at  any  Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  ever  held 
in  San  Francisco  or  California. 

US?~  A  complete  stock  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  "Warehouse  of  the  Agents, 

TREADWELL,    «Sc    CO., 
Market  Street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Feancisco. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 
COM  tkflSSION    MERCHCAJSTS. 

ADVANCES   HADE 

On  all  kind,  of  Ore.,  und  pnrtlculur  ntlentln. 
PAID  TO 

co\sioxjh:xt»  of  ooodi. 

4vl6-3m 

LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

i-l  Uontirsmerj  BCnp  .tnir.. 
Particular  attention  ^-ivf-n   to   the  AnalyeiK  of  Oras, 
UetcUlurglcai     Produdts,    Minftral   ffaterSj 

i lvmi  orUolttB,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal Instruction  In  AFsaying,  Analysis,  or  uny  partlcuiu 
branch  of  Chemistry  ut  the  laboratory.  llv'Jl-:liu 


LEOPOLD     KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer  and  lVlet«lliii"£»"i<*a? 

No.    CI  I    Commercliil    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint « 

San  Fbancisco,  Cal.  7v21-3m 


NEVADA  METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

It)  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 
BIOTTK  «fc   I-irCKHAKMT. 

Ore*    Cru  Miked,    Hump  ted    und    A«»;iye(l, 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorinatiou  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tents  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarrauteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur- 
ical  ques  tions  given.  2Gv21-3m 

J.  TV.  THUKMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  "W,  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

ALL  ORDEHS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SBOnTEST  NOTICE.  5v*24-lim 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    SIS    C'ALIFOHMA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.    A.    MARS,    Assayer. 
IE?"  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.        10v2C 


a.  W.  STKONQ. 


W.  L.  ST1CJNU 


C.   W.   STRONG   &.   CO., 
Metallnr-grical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francesco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pi-r^haBed.  22vl8 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
513  >na  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  cull  the  special  attention  of  AsRayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Conipanies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

— AND— 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Fm-naces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  AsBay  Moulds,  Pcorifi- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
AsBay  Orueibles,  Hessian  'or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assaytrs'  Hard- 
ware -  a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  iu  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black, Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
&?"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application, 
2iv23-tf  JOHN  TATLOB  &  CO. 


208 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  30,  1872. 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  18G0,  this  weekly  has"  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFOKNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  Summary  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  U.S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning' New  Incorporations,  Share  Mar- 
ket, Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  \,with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Boasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAB  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  GoodHealti;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  .profit- 
able at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $&  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 

DEWEY    Sc  CO., 

SCIENTIFIC     PRESS 

V.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 

PATENT    AGENCY. 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  side  of  the  continent. 
Established  in  1860.  Inventors  can  rely  upon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  bauds.  Long  familiarity  -with 
Mining,  Farming,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
this  coast,  enables  ub  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Ikventobs  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Union,  and  oftentimes  save  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  worthy,  inventions  patented  by  us 
"will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  most  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Press  and 
the  Pacific  Rural  Press. 

Send  for  our  62-page  illustrated  Patent  Circular, 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  stamp.  Also  the  TJ.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870.   . 

DEWEY    &    CO., 
No.  338  Montgomery    st.,    S.   E.    cor.    California   st., 

diagonally  across  from  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Press  can  be  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $6  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  and  best  information  on  mining  and 
theindustry  of  thiB  coast  of  any  work  published. 


Hfinp, 

Soapstone 

and 

Rubber 


teamPackin 


THE  GARDNER  GOVERNORS,  STEAM  AND  "WATER 
Gauges,  Tube  Scrapers,  Cylinder  Cups  and  Self-Oilers, 
Boiler  Felt,  Leather  Belting,  Lace  Leather,  Linen  and 
Rubber  Hose,  Belt  Hoohs  and  Studs,  Sheet  Packing,  and 
a  general  stock  of  Engineers'  and  Mill  Supplies,  at  the 
Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  of  TREADWELL  &  CO., 
old  stand,  corner  Market  and  Fremont  streets,  San 
Francisco,  13v2i-eow 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular         v 
GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    3    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Esplosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BAJVXt     BLA.STING,     COAE     MIJVJGS, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROCK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 
Price.    50  Cents  per    IPoiand.. 

The  aales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.    210  Front  Street. 


From  San  Jose  Patentees. 

San  Jose,  March  15,  1872— Messrs.  Dewey  *  Co.— 
Gentlemen: — Accept  our  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  able 
manner  in  which  you  have  obtained  our  letterB  patent 
on  Animal  Trap.  Believing  you  to 'be  gentlemen  that 
can  be  relied  upon  as  Patent  Solicitois,  we  remain, 
yours  respectfully,  Coombe  &  Phelps. 


Scientific  and  Practical  Books 
on  Mining,  Metallurgy,  Etc. 


Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  DEWEY  4 
CO.,  Scientific  Press  Office,  S.  F. 


BY   CU1DO    KUSTEL, 

Mining  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 

Boasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  the 
Extraction  of  their  Respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.   1870. 

This  rare  book  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  Bilver 
ores  without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  and 
crammed  full  of  factB.  It  gives  short  and  concise  de- 
scriptions of  various  processes  and  apparatus  employed 
in  tbis  country  and  in  Europe,  and  explains  the  why 
and  wherefore. 

It  contains  142  pages,  embracing  illustrations  of  fur- 
naces, implements  and  working  apparatus. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  merit,  by  an  author  whose  repu- 
tation is  unsurpassed  in  his  speciality. 
Price  $2.50  coin,  or  $3  currency,  postage  free. 


Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  in- 
cluding the  Chlorination  Process  for   Gold-bearing 
Sulphurets,  Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  OreB 
generally,  with  120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1867. 
This  work  is  unequaled  by  any  other  published,  em- 
bracing the  subjects  treated.    Its  authority  iB  highly 
esteemed  and  regarded  by  its  readers ;  containing,  aB  it 
does,  much  essential  information  to  the  Miner,  Mill- 
man,  Metallurgist,  and  other  professional   workers  in 
ores  and  minerals,  which  cannot  he  found  elsewhere  in 
print.    It  also  abounds  throughout  with  facts  and  in- 
structions rendered  valuable  by  being  clearly  rendered 
together  and  in  simple  order.    It  contains  120  diagrams, 
illustrating  machinery,  etc.,  which  alone  are  of   the 
greatest  value.    Price,  $7.50,  postage  paid., 


Nevada  and  California  Processes  of  Silver 
and  Gold  Extraction,  for  general  use,  and  especially 
for  the  Mining  Public  of  California  and  Nevada,  with 
full  explanations  and  directions  for  all  metallurgical 
operations  connected  with  silver  and  gold  from  a  pre- 
liminary examination  of  the  ore  to  the  final  casting 
of  the  ingot.  Al60,  a  description  of  the  general  metal- 
lurgy of  silver  ores.    1864. 

As  its  title  indicates,  this  work  gives  a  wide  range  of 
information,  applicable  to  all  vein  miners  and  workers 
in  precious  metals,  affording  hints  and  assistance  of  ex- 
ceeding value  to  both  the  moderately  informed  and  the 
moBt  expert  operator. 
Price,  $5 in  cloth;  $6  In  leather— coin. 


BY  OTHER  AUTHORS. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration,  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  640  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  cuin  or  its  equivalent) .  In  leather,  $12.  Postage, 
60  cents  extra.  Issued  and  for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co., 
Patent  Agents  and  Publishers  Scientific  PreBs,  S.  F. 

he  Quartz  Operator's  Hand-Book;  by  P. 

M.  Randall.  Revised  and  Enlarged  Edition.  Cloth 
bound,  175  pages.  Price,  $2. 
Sulphurets:  "What  They  Are,  How  Con- 
centrated, How  Assayed,  and  How  Worked:  with  a 
Chapter  on  the  Blow-Pipe  Assay  of  Minerals  By 
Wm.  M.  Barstow,  M.  D.;  1867;  cloth  bound,  114  pages. 
Printed  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.  Price,  $1;  postage 
free.  The  best  written  work,  and  most  complete 
work  on  the  subject  treated. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

March    lOtlz,     1873- 

San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


Leave  going  Et. 
*4.00  pmI    7.00am  ....San  Francisco.. 

4.35  P M      7.35 iM  ...  .Oakland 

4.10pm     7,50aM — San  Jose 

5.35pm1-  8.35AMl-...NileB 

•8.25  pmI  11.28  am 

8.48  pm    11.50  am 

10.45  fmI     1.45  pm 

Arrive  from  West. 


...Lathrop 

...Stockton  — 
...Sacramento . 


Arrive  from  East. 
8.30  PMI  *2.2l)PM 
8.00  PM  1.50  PM 
8.30  pm  2.10  pm 
7.05  pm  12.45  pm 
4.43  PM  9.45  pm 
4.07  pm  9.07  pm 
2.20  ml    7.15  am 

Leave  going  West. 


Leave  going  South 

I    3.00pm 

4.40pm 

|    5.30pm 

Arrive  from  North. 


San  Eranoisco  &  San  Jose. 


San  Francisco.. 

....Niles 

—  San  Jose 


Arrive  from  South 

10.40  AMI 

8.35am  : 

7.,0am| 

Leave  going  ^orth 


Leave  going  South 

j    7.35pm 

*9.45am     8.25  pm 

11.35  am     9.45  pm 

2.40  PmI  12.15  am 

Arrive  from  North 


Stockton,  Latnrop  &  Merced. 


..Stockton.. 
..Lathrop... 
.  .Modesto... 
...Merced 


Arrive  from  South 

10.20AMI . 

9.30  am  •8.20  pm 
8.13  am  6.45pm 
5.45  am|  3.30  pm 
Leave  going  North 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  Og-den. 


6.40  P  M 

1.00  am 

9. 10  A  M 

12.00  M 
4.40  pm 
6.20  am 
Arrive  from  West. 


Sacramento 

....Colfax 

....Reno 

Winnemucca.^. 

—  Battle  Mountaii 
....Elko 

—  Ogden 


10.20  A  M 
2.10  AM 
4.15  pm 
1.25  P  M 
8.45  am 
5.20  pm 
Leave  go 


Sacramento,  Marysville    &   Red   Bluff. 


Leave  going  North 


2.35  pm 
3.25  pm 
5. 15  P  M 
8.35  p  M 
9.30  pm 
Arrive  from  South 


*8.45  am 
10.25  a  M 
1,50  pm 
8.00  pm 


I  Arrive  from  North 


h4.45  pji 
3.25  p  u 
12.00  m 
5.30  AN 


.Sacramento 1.05  P  m 

.Junction 12.15pm 

.Marysville J  10.20am 

.Tehama 6.50  a  m 

.Red  Bluff 600  am 

]Leave  going  South 
San    Francisco,  Vallejo    &   Calistoga. 
Leave  going  Northi  [Arrive  from  North 

•4.00  p  Ml     7.30  A  M  ...  .San  Francisco. .      8.00  p  mi'11.30  a  m 

6.30  P  M      9.30  am'...  .Vallejo 6.05  r  M      9.30  a  M 

7.18pm    10.40AM|....Napa ' 4.60pm     8.30am 

8.50pmI    1.00pm  ....Calistoga 3.00pm|    7.00am 

Arrive  from  South|  |Leave  going  South 

San  Francisco,  "Vallejo  &  Knig-ht's  Landing-. 

Arrive  from  East. 
..San  Francisco.. 

..Vallejo 

..Davis 

. .  Knight's  Land'g 


Leave  going  East. 
T7.30AMI  N.OOpm 
9.35  am  6.35  pm 
12.05  pm  10.10  pm 
I.OOfmI  11.45pm 
Arrive  from  West. 


11.30  AMI  I8.0UPM 
9.30  am  6.05  pm 
6.40  a  M  3.3  jp  M 
5.00  A  m|  2.30  pm 
Leave  going  West. 


'7.10  am 
8.20  am 
9  45  am 

10.20  am 


San  Francisco  &  Healdsburg/. 

(Arrive  trom  North. 
San  Francisco.    *11.00am 


e  going  North 

..     *2.00PM 


J.  35  PM 
5.IK)PM 
6.00  pm 
6.45  p 


Arrive  from  South 


..Petaluma 8.20  am 

. .  Santa  Rosa 7.30  a  m 

. .  Uealduburg |    6.45  a  m 


'Lei 


•5.35  PM 

5. 00  P5I 
3.30  v  M 
2.00  p  M 


Stockton,   Milton  &  Oak  Dale. 


going  South 


Leave  going  South 

|*11.25am 

11.52am 

12.42pm 

I    1.32fm 


—  Stockton 

....O.P.R.R.  Depot. 

....Peters 

Milton 


Arrive  from  South 

•4.25PMI 

3.52  r  M  

3.02  PM  

2.12pm! 


I     1.44rM  ....OakDale 2.0UpmI 

Arrive  from  North  Leave  going  North 

CAL  P.  R.  R.  CO.'S  STEAMERS 


*4.00  P  M 
6.00  P  M 
7.00  pm 


...San  Francisco. 

...Vallejo 

...Benicia 

...Stockton 

. . .  Sacramento  ■ .  ■ 


Arrive  from  East. 
"8.00  P  M 
6.00  P  M 
5.00  pm 


VALUABLE    PATENTS 

For  Sale. 

The  Hamilton  Road  Scraper. 

A  New  Roller  Skate. 

A  Drinking  Fountain  for  Fowls. 

Dr.  Beers'  Improvement  in  Dental  Plates. 

Shears  for  Cutting  Grapes  and  Flowers. 

Aikin's  Furnace  for  Roasting  Ores. 

A  New  Sash  Tightener. 

A  Bed  Spring  that  has  no  equal. 

Kennedy's  Screw  Propeller. 

Gustafson's  Tree  Box. 

A  Grate  Bar  that  don't  burn  out. 

A  Machine  for  Packing  Flour. 

Nevin's  Sand  Cap  for  Hubs. 

Westfall's  Potato  Digger. 

A  New  Collar  Sud  and  Neck  Tie  Holder. 

A  Combination  Household  Tool. 

Bonney's  Grain  Lifter. 

A  New  Wire  and  Picket  Fence. 

9elf-Acting  Churn  Power. 

A  Machine  to  Roast  Nuts. 

A  Gas  Generator. 

An  Improvement  on  Thill  Attachments. 

Paine'u  Culinary  Apparatus. 

A  Superior  Cider  and  Wine  Press. 

A  Self-Opening  Gate. 

A  Plow  on  a  New  Principle. 

Wait's  Improved  Hay  Press. 

A  Vegetable  Cutter. 

An  Improved  Plow  Clevis. 

We  invite  parties  who  feel  interested  in  any  of  the 
above  named  patents  to  call  and  examine  samples  or 
sond  for  description.  Also,  various  other  valuable 
patents  on  hand  for  negotiation. 

WIESTER  &  CO., 

eowbp!6p  17  New  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


12.00  m. 
Leave  going  West. 
k*  Explanation.  "^U 

For  trains  running  "from"  San  Francisco,  take  the  left 
hand  columns  and  road  downwards. 

For  trains  rnnning  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  hand  column 3  and  read  upwards. 

OAKLAND  URANCH.-Leave  San  Feancibco,  7  00 
8  10,  9  2..,  10  10  and  11  211  a.m.,  12  10.  1  50,  3  00,  4  00,5  15,630,8  0^ 
9.20  and  #11  36  p.  m.    (9  20,  11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn.  -5  ;H),  fi  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10.  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5 40,  6.50,  8  00,  9  10,  10  00,  and  1110  a. 
m.,  1200.  1  40,  2 .50,  3  ,50.  5  05,  6  20.  7.-50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH. -Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00. 
and  11 15  a.  m.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30.  and  7  Ou  p.  m.  (7  20,  11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Le.iVE  Havwards,  '4  30.  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  11  20  a.  m.,  1  30, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.  m. 

*  Sundays  excepted.       +  Sundays  only. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,          A.  N.  TOWNE, 
Gen'l  Pasa'gr  and  Ticket  Act. Gen'l  Snpt, 


MINES,    MILLS,  AND  FURNACES 


Pacific  States  and  Territories : 

An  Account  of  the  Condition,  Resources,  and  Methods  of 

the  Mining  and  Metallurgical  Industry  in  those 

Regions,  Chiefly  Relating  to  the  Precious  Metals. 

A  Sequel  to  "American  Mines  and  Mining." 

By  Rossiteb  W.  Raymond,  Ph.  D., 

TJ.  S.  Commissioner  of  Mining 

Statistics,  Etc.,  Etc. 


CONTENTS. 

INTRODUCTORY:  Part  I-CONDITION  OF  MINING 
INDUSTRY.  Chapter  I— California;  II-Nevada;  Ill-Or- 
egon; IV-Idaho;  V— Montana;  VI— Utah;  VII- Arizona; 
VIII— New  Mexico;  IX— Colorado;  X-Wyoming. 

Part  LT— METALLURGICAL  PROCESSES.  Chapter 
XI— The  Treatmentof  Auriferous  Ores  in  California;  XII — 
The  Speed  of  -Stamps  in  Colorado  and  elsewhere;  XIII— 
The  Washoe  Pan  Amalgamation :  XIV — Chlorination ; 
XV— Smelting  Silver  Ores;  XVI— List  of  Stamp  Mills. 

Paet  HI-MISCELLANEOUS.  Chapter XVH— Narrow 
Gauge  Railways ;  XVIII— The  Mining  Law;  XIX-TheGeo- 
grapnical  Distribution  of  Mining  Districts:  XX— The  Or- 
igin of  Gold  Nuggets  and  Gold  DuBt;  XXI— The  Bullion 
Product.    Appendix. 

Sold,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  Dewfy  &  Co  ,  Publish- 
ers of  the  S'IENtifio  Press,  San  Francisco.  Price, 
$3.50  ;  postage,  60  cents. 


RICHARD   H.    STRETCH,  ;Civil  Engineer, 
City    and    County    Surveyor. 

Office— Room  1G,  City  Hall.  Ilv24-3m 


Pubchasebs  pleaBe  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


W.  T.  GARRATT  &  CO- 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 
manufacturers  of 

Brass,  Zincand  Anti-Friction  or  Babliet  Metal 
Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN  AXD  ,A\D  HELLS,  GONfctN, 
FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  CockB,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  "Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  allBizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

83"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GAItEATT,  JAMES  HTLLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


W.  W.  SPAULDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTUBEB  OF 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi. 
cal  Saws  ir.  the  "World. 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
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An    Illustrated    Journal    of    Scientific     and       (V)^'       1 

viftninfl,  Merita  nit  2>rts  mk  % 

'  W  1) 


BY   D1UWJUX    .v;    OO-i 

J'lltoul     Midlciltirx. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  6,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

dumber    14. 


Important  to  Mine  and  Ditch  Owners. 

We  took  occasion  a  short  time  sinco  to 
refer  to  Mr.  Sargont'a  efforts  in  Congress 
in  behalf  of  the  mining  interests  of  thiB 
Coast,  in  regard  to  the  "Mineral  Land 
Bill."  Although  not  as  successful  as  he 
expected,  he  has  nevertheless  seenred  an 
important  concession,  which  will  save  the 
expense  and  troublo  occasioned  by  the 
necessity  of  claimants  of  mining  ground 
going  to  Sacramento  with  their  witnesses 
to  prove  that  it  is  such.  Begulations  aro 
now  in  course  of  preparation,  and  will 
shortly  be  issued,  permiting  local  officers- 
County  Clerks— in  respective  localities 
near  the  mines  in  question,  to  take  affida- 
vits, to  prove  possession,  expenditure, 
boundaries,  etc.,  in  making  out  applica- 
tions for  patents.  This  does  away  with 
expensive  journeys  to  the  land  offices  and 
makes  the  business  much  more  simple  and 
convenient. 

Mr.  Sargent  has  also  succeeded  in 
changing  the  phraseology  of  land  patents, 
and,  for  the  protection  of  ditch  owners,  a 
clauso  will  hereafter  be  inserted  in  all 
such  patents  expressly  reserving  their 
rights  to  the  undisturbed  use  of  their 
property.  The  law  which  grants  right  of 
way  to  ditch  companies  recognizes  the 
rights  of  the  property  holders  but  does 
not  secure  them  patents  for  the  meander- 
ing lines  of  land  traversed,  which  on  the 
other  hand  may  be  covered  by  patents  ob- 
tainable by  other  persons,  who  have  it  in 
their  power,  thereby,  to  blackmail  or  em- 
barrass diteh  owners  in  many  ways.  It  has 
not  been  fully  decided  yet  whether  the 
right  of  way  granted  by  the  Act  of  1866  is 
a  perpetual  right,  or  merely  a  temporary 
one  which  the  Government  can  revoke  by 
subsequent  patent  to  other  parties.  This 
is  a  very  important  measure  for  ditch 
owners  and  will  be  very  gratifying  to 
them.  After  the  insertion  of  this  clause 
in  land  patents  reserving  a  certain  portion 
which  is  to  be  vested  in  the  ditch  owners, 
their  rights  will  be  much  better  protected 
and  their  will  be  no  chance  for  blackmail- 
ing operations. 

The  Seceetaet  of  the  Interior  recently 
made  a  decision  of  great  importance  to 
the  mining  interests  of  this  Coast.  It  is 
to  the  effect  that  all  adverse  claims  in  min 
eral  cases  under  the  Act  of  July  26,  I860 
must  be  filed  within  the  90  days'  notice  re 
quired  by  said  Act  to  be  given,  and  that 
parties  have  not  the  right  to  file  adverse 
claini3  up  to  the  date  of  the  approval  of 
the  survey. 


Brown's  Patent  Stop  Valves. 

The  Brown  valve  has  becomo  one  of  the 
standard  valves  in  the  Eastern  States,  but 
has  only  been  lately  introduced  on  this 
Coast.  In  view  of  its  popularity  there  and 
its  evident  efficiency,  we  desire  briefly  to 
call  attention  to  some  of  its  distinctive 
features  and  advantages.  The  valve  is 
made  with  single  and  double  disks,  both 

Fir,.  I. 


being  nearly  at  right  angles  to  the  gate 
when  at  its  rest.  Tho  pressuro  of  the 
brace  being  at  tho  centre  of  the  gate,  nat- 
urally presses  every  part  firmly  to  its  seat, 
and  prevents  unequal  boaring  and  conse- 
quent leakage. 

Tho  brace,  though  pressing  powerfully, 
is  sot  free  easily  and  instantly  since  it  has 
a  slight  incline  and  a  rolling  motion  at 
each  end;  all  danger   of   sticking  is   thus 

Wig.  II. 


The  Legislature  has  refused  to  pass 
the  bill  requesting  Congress  to  change  the 
laws  requiring  that  only  citizens  of  the 
United  States  can  obtain  patents  and  titles 
to  mining  lands,  and  to  abolish  or  modify 
the  clause  requiring  that  $1,000  be  ex- 
pended before  a  patent  can  be  issued. 

Fire. — A  disastrous  fire  occurred  in 
Monitor,  Alpine  county,  on  the  31st  ult., 
by  which  a  whole  block  of  buildings  was 
consumed. 


of  which  have  the  same  general  character-  avoided.  The  valve  is  easily  repaired,  for 
istics  of  simplicity  and  strength  and  differ  the  gate-brace  and  stem  can  be  removed 
only  in  tho  application   of  the   essential  from  the  box,  either  for  repair  or  the  sub- 


principle. 

Figs.  1,  4,  and  5,   represent  the    single 
disk  valve — Fig.  4  being  a  gas  valve.    Fig. 


stitution  of  new  ones. 

The  double-disk  valve  is  preferred   for 
large  sizes  where  it   is  required  to   resist 

Wig. 


INTERNAL    AND     EXTERNAL    VIEWS     OF    BROWN'S     PATENT    STOP    VALVES. 


5  is  a  sectional  view,  the  working  parts  of 
which  will  explain  themselves  to  any  me- 
chanic. The  peculiarity  of  construction 
in  these  valves  admits  the  flow  direct  and 
of  tho  full  size  of  the  pipe.  The  gate  is 
held  gently  to  its  seat,  by  ribs  in  the  box 
so  that  as  it  moves  it  clears  the  seat  of  any 
foreign  substances  likely  to  hinder  its  ac- 
tion and  cause  leakage.  The  brace  for 
tightening  the  gate  moves  freely  with  it 
until  the  gate  is  full  closed,  for  its  cross- 
piece  slides  on  inclined  ribs  in  the  box. 
When  the  gate  closes,  the  cross-pieee 
reaches  its  rest,  and  the  brace  takes  effect 
and  presses  the  gate  to  its  seat,  very  slight 
force  effecting  powerful  pressure,  the  brace 


great  pressures  upon  either  side.  Fig.  3 
represents  the  double  disk  valve,  Fig.  2 
a  sectional  view  of  it,  and  the  small  figure 
to  the  left  shows  the  construction  of  the 
double  cam  and  its  manner  of  operation. 
The  adjustment  of  the  gates  in  the  box  is  so 
accurate  that  while  friction  is  avoided  in 
raising  and  lowering  them  they  are  re- 
tained in  their  position  without  undue 
pressure  upon  the  stem  or  other  parts,  and 
in  the  event  of  one  disk  becoming  defect- 
ive in  any  way,  the  other  is  held  more 
firmly  against  its  seat  by  the  water  between 
the  disks.  The  gates  are  opened  and 
closed  by  means  of  a  cam,  shaft  and  levers, 
combined  in  a  single  casting,  whereby  the 


construction  is  materially  simplified.  The 
cam  having  a  center  bearing  is  very  pow- 
erful and  its  operation  requires  only  a 
alight  application  of  force;  it  also  distrib- 
utes the  power  uniformly  in  all  directions 
while  its  prompt  action  precludes  all  pos- 
sibility of  sticking.  The  disks  aro  closed 
lightly  and  held  firmly  in  their  seats  by 
the  action  of  the  cam  and  the  pressuro  is 
relieved  instantly,  all  grinding  of  surfaces 
being  avoided  thereby.  As  the  disks  move 
freely  in  the  box,  the  liability  of  becoming 
clogged  or  impeded  in  their  action  by  the 
accumulation  of  sediment  is  avoided. 

The  valves  are,  by  their  peculiar  con- 
struction, and  freeness  from  liability  of 
leakage,  equally  applicable  for  gas ,  steam  or 
water,  the  double  disk  being  preferred  for 
large  sizes  where  it  is  required  to  resist 
great  pressures  upon  either  side,  but  for 
all  sizes  under  eight  inches,  there  is  very 
little  difference  in  the  action  of  the  two 
valves.  In  their  manufacture,  materials  of 
the  first  quality  are  employed,  the  compo- 
sition for  stems  and  mountings  being  of 
copper  and  tin,  without  zinc  or  spelter 
and  exceedingly  hard  and  strong.  They 
are  guaranteed  by  the  makers  to  withstand 
any  hydraulic  pressure  ever  required  of 
water  gates  under  the  Holly  or  any  other 
pumping  system.  They  have  been  adopted 
by  numerous  water  works  in  different  sec- 
tions of  the  country,  and  the  agents  have  a 
great  number  of  certificates  attesting  to 
their  general  efficiency  from  prominent 
engineers  throughout  the  Atlantic  States. 
The  valves  are  endorsed  and  approved  by 
the  leading  engineers  of  this  Coast  also. 
The  Mechanics'  Institute  awarded  a  di- 
ploma to  the  valve  at  the  last  exhibition  as 
tending  towards  the  solution  of  the  ques- 
tion of  tight  valves  which  can  be  easily  re- 
moved without  liability  of  destruction  of 
faces,  and  which  have  a  clear  open  port  for 
discharge.  The  valves  can  be  seen  at  Brit- 
tain  Holbrook  &  Co's.  in  this  city,  they 
being  the  agents  for  California. 


Discovery  of  Quiokbtlteb. — A  corres- 
pondent of  the  Napa  Reporter  writing  from 
Tountville  says  that  some  rich  quicksilver 
discoveries  have  been  made  a  few  miles 
from  the  Little  Geysers.  An  offer  of 
$10,000  cash  has  been  made  to  the  lucky 
owners,  for  a  part  interest,  what  part  is  not 
stated.  Another  company  have  offered 
$25,000  for  the  whole  mine.  Other  discov- 
eries have  lately  been  made  between  the 
Knoxville  and  Phenix  mine.  These  dis- 
coveries, with  the  Whitton,  Steckter  and 
Oakville  mines  would  lead  to  the  supposi- 
tion of  somewhat  extensive  deposits  of  ore 
around  the  head  of  Napa  Valley. 


Emma  Mine. — Becent  rich  developments 
are  reported  in  the  famous  Emma  mine, 
Little  Cottenwood,  U.  T.  At  a  depth  of 
400  feet  a  body  of  ore  has  been  struck 
running  $1,900  per  ton.  English  experts 
who  have  visited  the  mine  are  asserted  to 
have  placed  its  value  at  $20,000,000. 

The  Caribou  mining  interests,  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  are  reported  as  flourishing. 


210 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


[April  6,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Notes   of  Travel   in  Nevada  County. 

[By  our  Traveling  Correspondent.] 

Union   Gravel    Mine. 

The  above  named  mine  is  located  at 
Belief  Hill,  3  miles  east  of  North  Bloom- 
field,  has  9  owners,  one  of  whom,  M. 
Arfman,  is  Superintendent.  It  was  first 
located  in  1856,  and  has  been  successfully 
worked  ever  since.  At  present  writing 
they  are  working  10  men  drifting,  and 
washing  with  one  of  FiBher's  "Hydraulic 
Chief"  monitors;  will  add  another  monitor 
next  month.  This  claim  has  averaged 
$1,200  per  month,  and  last  month  $2,500 
was  cleaned  up.  This,  together  with  4 
other  claims  at  present  working  here,  are 
bonded  to  an  English  Co.  for  $250,000; 
verily  the  English  will  soon  own  us,  body 
and  boots. 

Nevada  City, 
The  county  seat  of  this  county,  is  located 
about  40  miles  east  of  Marysville,  and  12 
miles  north  of  Colfax;  it  is  situated  at  an 
elevation  of  2,600  feet  above  the  sea  level, 
and  contains  about  5,000  inhabitants. 
There  are  two  first-class  hotels  here,  and 
several  fine  manufactories. 

The  rainfall  at  this  place  for  the  past  10 
years  is  as  follows:  Winter  of  1862  and 
spring  of  1863,  was  27.87  inches;  '63  and 
'64,  17.28;  '64  and  '65,  54.49;  '65  and  '66, 
59.26;  '66  and  '67,  81.56;  '67  and  '68, 
115.26;  '68  and '69, 56.69;  '69  and '70,  53.15; 
'70  and  '71,  45.35;  '71  and  '72,  70  inches 
had  fallen  up  to  March  7th,  1872. 

Something  for  the  Signal  Service  to 
work  out  is,  why  the  great  difference  in 
rainfall  between  Nevada  City,  and  Grass 
Valley,  only  4  miles  apart,  and  the  differ- 
ence in  elevation  but  100  feet,  the  former 
place  being  the  highest;  while  the  differ- 
ence in  rainfall  each  winter  is  from  6  to 
15  inches  more  at  Nevada  City  than  at 
Grass  Valley.  Up  to  the  present  writing 
this  winter,  the  latter  named  place  has  10 
inches  less  than  the  former. 

The  "Hydraulic  Chief," 
Invented,  and  now  being  manufactured  by 
Frank  H.  Fisher,  at  this  place,  is  one  of 
the  important  inventions,  now  used  for 
hydraulic  mining.  The  "monitor"  costs 
from  $150,  to  $300,  (according  to  size,) 
and  can  be  used  under  any  pressure  that  a 
pipe  can  stand  to  convey  water  to  it.  Now 
being  used  under  a  pressure  of  370  feet, 
40  of  them  having  been  manufactured  (and 
sold)  by  Mr.  Fisher  during  the  past  year, 
and  all  I  have  had  the  pleasure  to  see  in 
operation  (some  6  or  8)  gave  perfect  sat- 
isfaction. Mr.  Fisher  also  manufactures  all 
kinds  of  machinery  common  to  a  machine 
shop. 

Thorn  &  Allen,  proprietors  of  the  Ne- 
vada Iron  and  Brass  Foundry — are  the 
principal  manufacturers  at  this  place,  of 
quartz  and  sawmill  machinery.  Their 
works  are  driven  by  an  engine  of  20  horse 
power,  and  10  men  are  regularly  employed. 
As  fine  castings  are  turned  out  here  as  any 
where  in  the  State. 

Hardware  and  Powder. 

The  principal  hardware  merchants  of 
this  place  are  Geo.  E.  Turner  and  W.  H. 
Crawford ,  the  former  is  general  agent  in 
this  section,  of  the  Giant  Powder  Co., 
and  the  latter  is  the  agent  of  Gun  Cotton ; 
from  the  looks  of  their  stock  on  hand,  I 
should  say  an  immense  amount  of  hard- 
ware and  explosives  were  disposed  of  here 
annually. 

Buckeye  Quartz'Mine. 

This  mine  is  located  2%  miles  N.  E.  of 
Nevada  City,  in  Willow  valley.  B.  W. 
Tully,  banker  of  Nevada,  and  Jas.  Kitts  are 
proprietors;  the  latter  is  superintendent. 
They  have  excellent  hoisting  works  on 
the  mine  (put  up  in  Oct.  last)  which  are 
run  by  an  engine  of  16  horse-power,  their 
principle  shaft  is  down  210  feet,  at  an 
angle  of  45";  this  ledge  will  average  i% 
feet,  and  runs  as  high  as  10  feet  in  width; 
now  running  levels,  and  employing  regu- 
larly 9  men.  When  stoping,  they  can 
take  out  20  tons  of  rock  daily — which  has 
averaged  thus  far  $13.25  per  ton,  and  now 
prospects  better;  milling  the  rook  at  the 
Oriental  mill,  1  mile  away. 
Grass  Valley, 
Located  4  miles  south  of  Nevada  City,  is 
the  larger  of  the  two  places,  and  contains 
(including  its  floating  population)  8,000 
souls.    As  regards  the  recent  disturbances 


here,  I  am  happy  to  state,  that  the  better 
judgment  of  the  more  intelligent  mem- 
bers of  the  Miners  Union  of  Grass  Valley, 
has  prevailed,  resistance  to  prevent  such 
men  as  wished  to  use  "Giant  Powder" 
has  been  withdrawn,  and  peace  and  quiet 
now  reign  supreme.  The  Grass  Valley 
Union,  and  Republican,  have  thoroughly 
ventilated  the  subject,  and  left  nothing 
more  to  be  said. 

The  Defiance  Quartz  M.  Co., 
Located  on  Osborn  Hill,  VA  miles  south- 
east of  Grass  Valley  is  superintended  by 
Con.  Beilley.  They  give  the  following  as 
their  experience  in  the  use  of  Giant  No.  2 
Powder  vs.  Black  Powder.  They  are  sink- 
ing a  perpendicular  shaft,  now  down  112 
feet;  at  that  depth  they  took  out  30  tons 
of  rock,  by  single  hand  drilling,  and  No. 
2  Giant  Powder  for  blasting  at  a  cost  of 
$20  per  ton.  The  same  number  of  tons 
taken  out  above  that,  with  large  drills  and 
the  use  of  black  powder  cost  them  $40  per 
ton.  From  6  to  8  men  are  regularly  em- 
ployed, and  three  of  whom  I  conversed 
with,  acknowledged  their  willingness  to 
work  this  powder,  and  stated  they  were  in 
as  good  health  as  when  they  began  the  job. 

Carney  &  Goodspeed's 
Cement  mill  and  mine  are  located'at  Hunt's 
Hill,  six  miles  East  of  Nevada  City.  They 
have  an  8  stamp  mill  run  by  water  power, 
with  a  24  foot  hurdy-gurdy  wheel  on  a 
cam-shaft,  without  other  gearing.  This 
mill  has  a  capacity  of  and  is  now  crushing 
50  tons  of  cement  every  20  hours,  which 
averages  $5  per  ton.  This  company  have 
a  tunnel  in  800  feet,  at  which  point  they 
are  drifting  in  different  directions,  work- 
ing regularly  28  men.  The  gravel  or 
cement,  is  taken  out  of  the  tunnel  by  car 
to  the  mill,  which  is  located  at  the  mouth 
of  the  tunnel.  This  tunnel  is  rather  bad- 
ly ventilated  at  present,  for  the  reason  that 
but  15  feet  fall  can  be  had  for  the  water 
to  run  their  air  pipe  with.  Different 
arrangements  will  shortly  be  made  for  bet- 
ter ventilation.  At  present  using  black 
powder,  but  are  about  to  experiment  with 
giant  for   their  cement  blasting. 

You  Bet 
Is  a  phrase  much  used  by  Californians,  as 
well  as  people  in  the  East,  but  perhaps  it 
will  surprise  some  who  read  this  letter  to 
know  that  a  town  actually  exists  under 
this  euphoneous  and  expressive  title.  One 
miner's  explanation  as  to  its  precise  locali- 
ty was,  "half  way  between  Bed  Dog  and 
Hardscrabble,"  but  to  more  fully  define 
its  geographical  position  in  our  fair  State 
it  is  at  present  located  9  miles  northeast  of 
Nevada  City,  and  contains  about  200  in- 
habitants. Owing  to  the  rich  gravel  bed 
which  underlies  it,  it  becomes  necessary 
to  move  the  town  frequently,  to  get  at  the 
hidden  treasures  beneath.  The  town  may 
therefore  be  said  to  possess  one  of  the 
characteristics  of  a  California  prospector, 
that  of  being  always  on  the  move."  Oliver 
Fox  &  Co.  are  the  merchants  of  the  place 
and  the  hotel  is  well  kept  by  Pete  Drunzer. 
Birdseye  Creek  G.  M.  Co.,  (Limited.) 

The  possessions  of  this  company  extend 
from  near  Hunt's  Hill  to  the  vicinity  of 
Little  York,  and  comprise  all  that  portion 
of  the  deep  channel  '  'Blue  Lead"  at  Bed 
Dog,  You  Bet,  and  the  vicinity  beyond. 
The  entire  length  of  the  company's  claims 
is  about  four  miles,  all  the  bed  rock  of 
which  will  not  probably  be  seen  for  the 
next  hundred  years.  The  company  is  an 
English  one,  having  its  principal  office  in 
London.  It  is  managed  by  a  Board  of  five 
trustees  and  is  ably  superintended  by  J. 
A.  Stone,  Esq.,  of  You  Bet.  At  present 
they  are  working  three  sets  of  claims,  viz. : 
the  "Uncle  Sam,"  of  which  Geo.  H.  Pow- 
ers is  foreman;  "  Brown's  Hill,"  Frank 
Ennis,  foreman;  and  the  "Neece  &  West," 
J.  B.  Flagg,  foreman.  In  the  above  named 
claims  there  are  from  25  to  30  men  regu- 
larly employed,  running  from  five  to  six 
hydraulic  monitors,  carrying  from  250  to 
400  inches  of  water  each.  This  company 
is  at  present  engaged  in  running  a  bed-rock 
tunnel  to  the  "Neece  &  West,"  that  will, 
when  completed,  drain  both  that  and  the 
Brown's  Hill  claims.  The  dimensions  will 
be  1,100  feet  long,  7  feet  wide  by  8  high, 
260  feet  of  which  is  now  completed;  a  hard 
slate  formation  exists  as  far  as  pierced. 
In  addition  this  company  own  the  "Inde- 
pendence" and  "Bunker  Hill"  property, 
and  extensive  claims  at  Sweetland. 

As  to  the  amount  of  bullion  taken  out, 
but  little  is  known  to  the  outside  world, 
but  when  under  their  former  ownerships, 
they  did  pay  extensively,  and  as  they 
never  looked  better  than  they  do  now  the 
supposition  is  that  our  English  friends  are 
reaping  good  pecuniary  benefits  from  their 
enterprise. 

Little  York 
Does  not  present  a  very  pleasing  appear- 
ance to  the  eye,  but  is,  nevertheless,  one 


of  the  liveliest  mining  camps  of  its  size 
that  is  situated  on  the  deep  channel.  Its 
location  is  about  2%  miles  west  of  Dutch 
Flat,  and  the  same  distance  east  from  You 
Bet.  It  contains  about  300  inhabitants, 
and  in  addition  to  its  mining  character- 
istics, has  produced  some  of  the  finest 
fruit  in  the  country.  The  miners,  in  ad- 
dion  to  their  labors  of  extracting  the 
precious  metals  from  the  ground,  have 
also  taken  some  trouble  to  beautify  their 
homes  with  small  gardens,  in  which  effort 
they  have  been  unusually  successful. 

Last  fall  they  held  a  fair  at  Little  York 
for  the  benefit  of  the  school  fund,  and  the 
exhibition  would  have  done  credit  to  an 
agricultural  community.  There  were  ex- 
hibited, 18  or  20  varieties  of  grapes,  43 
varieties  of  apples,  30  of  pears,  16  of 
peaches,  besides  plums,  almonds,  apricots, 
nectarines,  and  other  different  vegetables. 
It  was  said  by  visitors  who  visited  the  State 
Fair  as  well  as  the  one  held  here,  that  it 
eclipsed  the  former  in  perfection  and  size 
of  fruit,  and  equalled  it  in  variety.  There 
were  peaches  shown  there  that  weighed 
from  16  to  24  ounces  each,  and  pears  from 
23  to  28  ounces.  This  manner  of  com- 
bining agricultural  and  mining  pursuits,  is 
somewhat  unusual,  and  what  is  more  unu- 
sual, is,  that  they  seem  to  have  been  suc- 
cessful in  both. 

Little  York  Water  &  Mining  Co. 

The  principal  works  and  office  of  this 
company  are  located  here  (Little  York). 
Its  owners  are  B.  F.  Knox  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, Martin  Hoyt,  of  Virginia,  Nev.,  W. 
W.  Cozzens  and  G.  H.  Atkins  of  Little 
York.  Mr.  Cozzens  is  manager,  and  Mr. 
Atkins  general  Superintendent.  The  pos- 
sessions of  the  company  comprise,  Little 
York,  Christmas  Hill  and  Liberty  Hill — 
about  600  acres  of  mining  ground  covered 
by  United  States  Patent — extending  from 
Little  York  to  Liberty  Hill,  a  distance  of 
4  miles,  but  not  connected  all  the  way  by 
pay  gravel,  a  high  mountain  causing  a 
break  in  the  channel.  The  channel  proper 
is  not  over  300  feet  wide  at  this  point 
(Little  York) ,  but  a  deposit  of  blue  gravel 
exists — nearly  a  mile  in  width — which,  at 
points,  is  several  hundred  feet  deep  and 
extending  high  up  on  to  the  rim  rock.  At 
present,  working  4  sets  of  Hoskin's  "  Lit- 
tle Giant"  monitors,  one  in  each  claim, 
one  of  which  is  used  under  a  pressure  of 
340  feet,  employing  a  4-inch  nozzle 
through  which  650  inches  of  water  is 
forced.  They  are  employing  regularly 
about  50  men  and  using  the  most  improv- 
ed machinery  and  blasting  agents,  such  as 
monitors,  under-currents,  giant  powder, 
etc.  They  also  use  an  improved  coupling 
band  (illustrated  in  the  Scientific  Press, 
Sept.,  1870)  notoriginal  here, but  apatent- 
ed  invention  considered  indispensable  for 
coupling  pipe,  and  certainly  the  chaapest 
and  most  convenient  affair  for  the  purpose 
that  I  have  ever  seen. 

Just  below  Little  York  in  one  of  the 
above  mentioned  claims  is  a  very  peculiar 
land  slide  or  land  glacier.  A  large  piece 
of  ground  some  40  acres  in  extent,  against 
the  face  of  which  they  are  piping,  is  mov- 
ing slowly  down  the  hill,  taking  with  it 
houses,  flumes,  trees  and  everything  in  its 
way.  The  pipes  have  not  been  moved  for 
nearly  a  month,  the  hill  meeting  them  in  a 
convenient  manner.  The  miners  have 
some  of  them  been  compelled  to  move 
their  cabins  to  some  more  steady  locality. 
Ditches  and  Mills. 

This  company  also  own  1,900  acres  of 
fine  timber  land  with  a  first-class  sawmill 
run  by  water-power,  which  has  a  capacity 
of  making  15,000  feet  of  lumber  per  day 
(of  10  hours) .  They  have  one  of  the  finest 
water  privileges  in  the  State,  consisting  of 
three  ditches  which  have  a  combined  length 
of  43  miles,  with  three  reservoirs.  These 
ditches  have  a  capacity  of  furnishing  3,000 
inches  of  water  day  and  night.  From  the 
receipts  for  water  sold  and  bullion  taken 
out,  this  property  combined  is  satisfying 
its  owners,  and  has  caused  general  admira- 
tion in  the  way  it  is  managed. 

Aplin's  claim,  adjoining  the  above  on 
the  west,  is  quite  an  extensive  gravel  de- 
posit and  at  present  writing  is  paying  well ; 
working  8  men  night  and  day  and  using 
one  of  Hoskin's  monitors. 

I  find  a  great  deal  of  complaint  among 
the  miners  along  the  gravel  range  of  which 
I  have  spoken,  on  the  subject  of  gum 
boots.  They  say  that  they  are  unable  to 
procure  any  that  will  last  for  more  than  6 
weeks  and  will  not  turn  water  more  than 
half  that  time.  Either  a  spurious  brand 
of  the  kind  they  have  been  accustomed  to 
buy  has  found  its  way  there  or  they  don't 
make  them  as  well  as  they  used  to.  The 
store  keepers  say  they  can  procure  no  bet- 
ter, but  some  enterprising  firm  that  do 
manufacture  a  superior  article  would  find 
ready  sales  for  their  wares  in  the  localities 
mentioned.  l.  p.  mc. 


Mining  in  Inyo  County. 

Ed.  Press:— Since  my  last,  several  items 
of  interest  and  benefit  to  this  county  have 
occurred;  and  judging  from  paragraphs  in 
different  journals  in  the  'surrounding  coun- 
try, this'  county  is  attracting  more  and 
more  attention  every  day. 

Lida  Valley  is  situated  about  100  miles 
northeast  of  (this  place,  and  is  at  present 
creating  quite  a  stir.  Messrs.  Hiskey  & 
Walker  of  the  Deep  Springs  Mill,  have 
made  three  very  successful  runs  upon  ore 
from  that  district,  and  intend  to  remove 
their  mill  immediately  to  those  mines. 
The  ore  yields  from  $800  to  $900  per  ton. 
The  bullion  is  worth  something  over  $1 
per  oz. 

Eclipse. 

The  mill  and  furnace  of  this  company 
are  in  constant  operation ,  but  with  what 
succes  I  am  unable  to  learn.  Mr.  Morris 
of  your  city,  and  formerly  the  assayer  and 
amalgamator  of  the  above  company,  is  now 
engaged  in  opening  a  mine  for  a  San  Fran- 
cisco Co.  in  Mazurka  Canon,  Buss  district, 
(directly  east  of  this  town)  called  the  Blue 
Bell.  He  has  extracted  several  tons  of  ore, 
and  shipped  it  to  San  Francisco  for  reduc- 
tion. 

Improvement  in  Working  Ores. 

The  proprietors  of  Cerro  Gordo,  and  the 
Owens  Lake  Silver-Lead  Companies  have 
been  experimenting  upon  their  respective 
ores,  and  find  that  they  can  reduce  them 
from  the  raw  state,  i.  e.,  without  running 
them  into  slags  or  matt.,  which  will  greatly 
reduce  the  cost  of  working,  and  give  an 
impetus  to 

Mining  in  Cerro  Gordo, 
Where  all  the  ores  are  obtained  that  is  re- 
duced by  the  above  companies.  The  Bel- 
mont, Wittekind,  San  Lucas,  Omega, 
Santa,  Maria,  and  numerous  other  mines 
are  taking  out,  and  find  ready  sale  for  all 
their  ore.  The  furnaces  are  in  constant 
operation  and  are  at  present  the  main-stay 
of  the  whole  country.  A  steamboat  for 
Owens  Lake,  is  now  in  course  of  construc- 
tion by  parties  connected  with  the  O.  L. 
S.  L.  Co.,  for  the  transportation  of  wood, 
coal,  ores,  and  other  freight,  which  will 
increase  the  facilities  of  that  company  at 
least  5  per  cent. 

Agriculture. 

Owing  to  the  copious  falls  of  snow  dur- 
ing this  winter  on  the  Sierra  Nevada's 
skirting  this  valley,  farmers  are  preparing 
to  put  in  large  crops  of  the  different  ce- 
reals, as  well  as  root  crops.  The  farming 
land  in  this  valley  is  fast  being  settled 
upon,  wherever  water  can  be  had  naturally 
for  irrigation.  But  there  still  remains 
many  hundreds  of  acres  of  good  land  un- 
occupied that  can  easily  be  irrigated  by 
Artesian  Wells. 

There  is  no  better  show  in  the  State  to 
make  money  by  parties  understanding  that 
business,  with  necessary  tools,  and  capital 
to  carry  it  on,  than  in  Owen's  Valley. 
That  there  is  a  running  stream  of  water 
underlying  this  valley  from  the  mountains, 
is  demonstrated  by  the  fact,  that,  large 
running  springs  break  forth  in  the  centre 
of  the  valley,  from  one  end  to  the  other, 
and  two  especially  (Fish  Springs,  and 
Black  Bock  Spring)  form  streams  that  ir- 
rigate one-tenth  of  the  present  occupied 
farm  lands  of  the  county.  Exile. 

Independence,  March  15th,  1872. 

Growth  op  San  Francisco. — The  total 
number  of  buildings  now  in  course  of 
erection  or  which  have  been  just  finished 
is  105.  They  comprise  3  churches,  1  gas 
works,  1  hall,  1  addition  to  a  factory,  the 
new  City  Hall,  the  new  City  and  County 
Hospital,  29  private  residences,  34  dwell- 
ing houses,  10  tenement  houses  and  24 
stores.  The  amount  expended  on  them 
since  the  beginning  of  1S71  is  $2,698,012. 

Adding  to  these  the  buildings  finished 
before  the  end  of  1871,  we  find  that  from 
the  1st  of  January,  1871,  toMarch28,  1872, 
there  have  been  erected  and  are  now  in 
course  of  erection  416  buildings.  These 
comprise  4  churches,  3  public  buildings, 
1  gas  works,  54  stores,  3  halls,  3  factories, 
and  348  private  residences,  dwelling 
houses  and  tenements.  The  total  cost  has 
been  $4,316,712.—  Bulletin. 

SorjTHEnN  Indiana  is  finding  itself  rich  in 
black  coal,  a  very  valuable  variety  for  treating 
iron  ore,  and  also  plenty  of  iron  ore  itself  in 
happy  proximity.  Consequently,  there  is  a 
great  increase  of  the  iron-making  business  in 
that  section. 


Southern  Nevada  and  Arizona  Explora- 
tion.— Lieut.  Wheeler's  party,  which  was  in 
the  field  from  May  to  December  last,  is  now 
engaged  in  preparing  Ian  official  report  at 
Washington. 


April  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


211 


ECHANICAL     PROGRESS 


Light   vb.   Heavy  Beuiting.     1  I 

in  gives  ■  f«ry  instructive  article  on 
Heavy  shafting,  tin-  summing  up  of 
which  in  aH  follows: — To  sustain  great  pressure 
reqtdree  greet  strength,  and  Increased  strength  of 
u  oven  material  having  a  specified  form  Implies 
increased  weight.  Increased  weight  Implies  in- 
creased friction.  It  is,  therefore,  ■  theoretical 
fiirt  proved  in  practice  thai  the  heavier  a  tine  of 
shafting  in,  the  greater  will  bo  the  lose  in  fric- 
tion during  the  transmission  of  power  through 
it.  It  is  als«,  a  fact  Unit  light  shafting  running 
»t  high  speed  will  perform  work  that  would 
...  avier  shafting  running  al  lowi  t  Bp<  ed. 

We  havi  here  a  plain  argument  in  favor  of 

light  shafting,     In  the  applications  ol  these 

principles,    however,  we  often  sa  errorBcom- 

mittea    which    bud    t<-    render    some    people 

lI  us  to  their  truth. 

( in<-  of  then  errors  is  that  light  shafting  is 
oft«n  not  properly  supported.  The  lighter  the 
shafting,  the  more  apt  it  is  to  BPling  by  its  own 
weight,  tho  weight  of  pulleys  and  gears,  and 
the  tension  of  belts.  Light  shafting  wilt  re- 
quire, therefore,  more  frequent  support  from 
bangers  than  heavy  shafting.  Besides,  with 
high  velocities,  there  is  more  fiddle-string  vi- 
brutton,  aided  by  centrifugal  furee,  which  con- 
sumes moro  or  less  power,  generally  more  than 
is  suspected.  The  obvitttion  of  this  calls  for 
frequent  supports  along  the  linos  of  shafting, 
with  accurate  fitting  of  couplings,  journals  and 
boxes,  and  us  perfect  alignment  of  the  shafting 
as  possible. 

To  keep  everything  in  perfect  order  will  also 
require  constant  watchfulness.  Slight  settling 
of  buildings,  springing  of  floors,  from  the  plac- 
ing of  new  and  heavy  machinery  or  other 
cause,  alterations  which  cannot  be  prevented, 
will  often  throw  a  shaft  out  of  line,  no  matter 
how  perfectly  it  may  have  been  hung. 

A  cognate  subject  to  the  nbovo  is  the  size  of 
pulley,  which  tho  editor  promises  to  consider 
in  a  future  article. 


Boiler  Explosions. — Prof.  R.  H.  Thurston 
has  published  in  pamphlet  form  a  report  of  the 
trials  made  last  fall  at  Sandy  Hook.  He  draws 
the  following  conculsions  :  1.  Low  water, 
although  undoubtedly  one  cause,  is  not  the 
only  cause  of  violent  explosions,  as  is  so  com- 
monly supposed,  but  a  most  violent  explosion 
may  occur  with  the  boiler  well  supplied  with 
water.  2.  What  is  generally  considered  a 
moderate  steam  pressure  may  produce  a  very 
violent  explosion  of  a  weak  boiler,  containing 
a  large  body  of  water,  and  having  its  flues  well 
covored.  3.  A  steam  boiler  may  explode  under 
steam  at  a  pressure  less  than  that  which  it  has 
successfully  withstood  at  the  hydrostatic  test. 
In  a  subsequent  letter  to  the  Emj.  and  Min. 
Jourwil,  which  demurred  to  tho  first  part  of 
conclusion  1,  the  Professor  explains  that  he 
referred  to  a  very  prevalent  belief  among  those 
managing  steam  boilers  that  an  explosion  may 
always  be  attributed  to  low  water  and  that  the 
invariable  effect  of  over  pressure  is  simply  to 
rupture  the  weakest  spot,  allowing  steam  and 
water  to  blow  out  until  the  pressure  is  taken 
off.  Tho  consequent  feeling  of  safety  among 
engine-drivers  and  firemen,  having  charge  of 
boilers  rendered  unsafe  by  other  causes,  has 
been,  probably,  the  cause  of  many  explosions 
and  loss  of  life.  The  removal  of  this  false  im- 
pression will  assist  greatly  in  making  the  real 
causes  of  the  majority  of  explosions — corrosion 
and  carlessness  or  ignorance  in  management — 
better  recognized. 

New  Process  of  Obtaining  Iron  and  Steel. 
Some  of  the  European  scientific  journals  speak 
favorably  of  a  new  invention,  said  to  have  been 
recently  perfected,  for  producing  iron  and 
steel.  The  heat  is  mainly  derived  from  combus- 
tion of  carburetted  air,  while  uncombined  oxy- 
gen and  nitrous  oxide  gas  are  evolved  from  ni- 
trite of  soda  and  quicklime,  and  chlorine  and 
carbonic  oxide  from  a  compound  of  chloride  of 
lime  mixed  with  pulverized  charcoal. 

The  air  charged  with  tho  vapor  of  petroleum 
oil,  besides  acting  as  a  gaseous  fuel,  also  acts 
powerfully  as  a  reducing  agent,  and  rapidly 
effects  the  reduction  of  the  iron  from  the  ore. 

The  air  charged  with  chlorine  and  carbonic 
oxide,  removes  wholly  or  mainly  all  sulphur  or 
phosphorous  with  which  the  ore  or  reduced 
iron  may  be  contaminated;  and  the  air  charged 
with  oxygen,  nitrogen,  nitrous  acid  and  ni- 
trous oxide,  promotes  combustion,  and  rapidly 
raises  the  materials  to  the  temperature  re- 
quired. 

The  Road  Steamer  seems  to  be  making 
practical  progress  in  Great  Britain.  One  of 
these  machines  recently  made  the  run  from 
Ipswich  to  Edinburgh  by  road,  a  distance  of 
450  miles,  in  seventy-seven  hours'  traveling 
time.  The  engine  is  one  of  four  now  being 
built  for  the  Indian  Govemnent,  under  Thom- 
son's patent,  with  india  rubber  tires,  and  is  of 
14  nominal  horse-power,  but  which  has  been 
worked  up  to  80  indicated  horse-power.  Her 
weight  is  about  V3%  tons;  length,  15  feet; 
breadth,  8  feet  8  inches;  height  to  top  of  chim- 
ney, 15  feet.  The  omnibus  weighs  about  3% 
tons  and  seats  21  passengers  inside  and  41  out- 
Bide. 


According  to  Lou- 
Id       - '  ■■  n,    of   1'uriM,  has  iu- 
v. utcd  a  couip<  Dseting  apparatus  ol  much  mer- 
it, for  correcting  the   u<  nation  ol   the  1 

:i  ships.    He  compensates  the  devia- 
tion due  to  ili'.'  pennant  al  d  by  fixed 
,  and  those  canst  d  bv  tndneed  magnet- 
Earn  in  all  positions  oi  the  ship  and  in  all  lati- 
tudes by  bundles  of  soft  iron  wire  placed  ao- 

cording  to    certain  law*    given  by  oalcuiation& 

The  apparatus  contains,  besides  the  ordinary 

card,  a  second  card  serving  00.  On  indicator. 
When  it  is  wished  to  follow  a  certain  rout-  ,  lhi» 

latter  curd  is  traced  by  means  0!  a  whet  1  until 
it  indicates  the  desired  angle.  By  this  move- 
ment the  packets  ol  soft  iron  are  placed  in  the 
position  required  to  compensate  lot  the  devia- 
te  ■    ponding    to    I  he    position  of    the 

ship.  It  is  then  BufBcdenl  to  adjust  the  00m- 
pa  1  needle  to  tho  same  angle  which  has  been 
given  in  order  to  follow  the  route  indicated. 
Donvi  rsi  ly.to  find  at  any  moment  thero 

followed,  the  wheel  before  mentioned  is  moved 
until  the  repeating  circle  indicates  the  same 
angle  as  the  compass.  By  this  movement  the 
compensating  parts  will  have  been  placed  111 
the  position  which  corresponds  to  the  com- 
pensation in  the  azimuth  where  the  vessel  is; 
tho  angle  observed  will  be  the  true  angle  of 
the  route. 


A  Nkw  Fire-Proof  < '(.imposition.  An  im- 
portant trial  of  tiro-proof  composition  was 
made  at  Washington  the  other  day,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretaries  of  the  Treasury  and 
Navy.  Au  iron  chest,  sixteen  inches  in  diame- 
ter, with  a  lining  of  six  inches  of  the  composi- 
tion, also  containing  a  wooden  box  four  inches 
diameter,  in  which  were  deposited  papers, money 
and  matches,  was  placed  in  the  blast  furnace 
of  the  navy  yard,  and  different  metals  placed 
all  round  it.  After  being  subjected  to  au  al- 
most continuous  blast  of  three  hours,  and  after 
all  the  metals  were  melted,  the  chest  was  left  in 
the  furnace  until  the  next  afternoon,  when  un- 
der the  directions  of  the  representatives  of  the 
Government,  tho  three  chests  were  opened,  and 
the  contents  were  found  to  be  in  exactly  the 
same  condition  as  when  they  were  put  in,  and 
the  matches  were  used  to  light  cigars  with.  The 
fire-proof  composition  is  the  discovery  of  two 
gentlemen  of  Detroit,  one  of  whom  was  present 
at  tho  trial. 


"Wooden  Nails. — The  editor  of  The  Hub,  the 
carriage  makers'  journal,  thinks  the  idea  of 
using  wooden  nails  a  good  one,  for  in  his  opin- 
ion the  day  will  come  before  many  years  when 
wood  will  become  so  valublo  that  it  will  not  pay  to 
use  the  material  of  old  packing  boxes  for  fuel  as 
is  now  done,  and  then  the  objection  to  the  use  of 
iron  nails  will  be  seen  in  a  practical  light.  If  boxes 
were  put  together  with  nails  of  wood  the  injury 
to  tools  in  making  them  serve  for  other  pur- 
poses would  be  materially  lessened,  and  a  great 
saving  of  valuable  lumber  be  made.  It  is  not 
to  be  supposed  that  wooden  pegs  or  pins  can 
be  made  to  Bupplant  iron  nails  and  screws  alto- 
gether, yet  the  lavish  use  of  nails  may  be 
checked  perhaps  with  advantage  to  our  indus- 
tries. The  object  is  worthy  of  our  considera- 
tion. 


"Weight  or  Bails. — Mr.  L.  Nickerson,  in  the 
Railway  Register,  questions  the  soundness  of 
the  general  opinion  that  great  weight  in  a  rail 
is  necessary  to  economical  wear.  When  a  body, 
as  a  bar  of  iron  resting  on  an  anvil,  is  struck 
with  a  hammer,  the  effect  on  it  is  the  greater 
the  more  unyielding  the  substance  on  which 
the  body  rests.  Now  increasing  the  body  of 
the  rail  is  the  same  as  giving  a  more  unyielding 
support  to  its  crown,  and  thus  increasing  the 
effect  of  the  hammering  action  of  the  wheels  of 
cars  and  engines. 

Lubrication  of  Steam  Engines. — M.  Tlioma 
tried  a  mixture  of  graphite  (prepared  by  decan- 
tation)  and  hog's  lard  for  lubricating  steam 
engines  with  good  results,  the  only  care  requi- 
site being  to  keep  up  tho  quantity  of  graphite 
in  the  mixture,  as  otherwiso  it  becomes  too 
fluid.  He  next  tried  a  paste  of  graphite  and 
water  with  equally  good  results,  tho  slight 
escape  of  steam  into  the  stuffing-box  being 
sufficient  to  keep  the  graphite  moist. — Railway 
Times. 


Rubber  Carriages. — A  factory  is  being  erect- 
ed at  Fail-field,  Conn.,  in  which  carriages  are  to 
be  built  consisting  entirely  of  India  rubber, 
with  the  exception  of  the  axles  and  tires — this 
material  being  claimed  to  possess  decided  su- 
periority over  wood. 


Sponge  Paper,  a  late  French  invention,  is 
made  by  adding  finely  divided  sponge  to  ordi- 
nary paper  pulp.  The  paper  is  said  to  have 
all  the  peculiarities  of  sponge,  absorbing  moist- 
ure readily,  and  retaining  it  for  a  long  time. 
It  has  been  used  to  advantage  for  dressing 
wounds,  and  is  capable  of  several  important 
technical  applications. 

Wire  Tramway. — Mr.  T.  Bush,  an  Hunga- 
rian Engineer,  has  made  some  improvements 
on  the  Hodson  system  of  wire  tramways,  by 
employing  two  parallel  cables  instead  of  one. 
The  modified  system  is  said  to  possess  great 
advantages  over  the  original  one,  especially 
with  regard  to  the  carrying  of  heavy  loads  and 
the  greater  security  of  the  ropes. 

The  University  of  Pennsylvania  is  now  in 
possession  of  the  largest  electric  machine  in 
the  world — a  Holy  pattern,  with  a  36-inch  re- 
volving plate.  The  machine  will  evolve  an  18- 
inch  spark,  which  will  pierce  glass  to  the  depth 
of  8  inches. 


Uniformity  in  Car  Building — A  plan  to 
make  all  railroad  cars  throughout  Germany  of 
one  pattern,  so  that  repairs  may  be  facilitated 
and  prices  equalized,  has  been  proposed  by  a 
scientific  association  of  railroads  in  that  coun- 
try. 


M 


ClENTiFIC 


^ROGRESS. 


Variation  o(  Color  in  Birds  with 
tho  Locality. 

The  subject  of  variation  of  color  in  birds,  as 
expressing  specific  distinctions,  has  for  a  long 
timo  occupied  the  attention  of  orniChologiflte; 
and  while  with  sum--  the  slightest  differ* 

shade  was  sufficient  to  establish  u  separate  spe- 
cies, a  wide  variation  was  allowed  by  others 
without  effecting  the  idea  uf  specific  indentity. 
We  are  gradually,  however,  coining  to  appreci- 
ate the  influence  which  external  conditions, 
such  as  light  or  shad< .  moistun  01  dryness,  va- 
rying temperature,  latitude,  etc,  produce  aporj 
color;  and  so  long  as  tho  general  pattern  re- 
mains the  Miinc,  we  can  allow  a  great  variation 
in  tint,  and  even  in  size,  since,  its  is  will 
known,  this  depends  largely  upon  latitude  or 
altitude  of  birth-place  and  residence.  As  a 
general  rule,  it  may  bo  said  as  we  go  southward 
Horn  a  north  temperate  latitude,  with  the  in- 
creasing temperature  and  brighter  sky  the  col- 
ors aro  deeper  and  the  size  less;  and,  on  the 
other  hand,  in  proceeding  northward  aud  iuto 
moro  clouded  atmospheres,  the  dimensions  be- 
come greater,  with  a  decrease  in  general  bril- 
liancy. In  sandy  or  barren  regions  the  accom- 
panying birds  become  of  a  grayish  tint,  while 
in  red  soils  a  roddish  shade  will  bo  apprecia- 
ble. 

\  gain,  in  certain  regions  the  birds  exhibit  a 
tendency  to  mehmism,  or  a  blackening,  this  be- 
ing noticeable  in  Florida,  and  moro  especially  in 
the  West  India  Islands,  as  compared  with  the 
United  States.  An  instance  of  this  is  seen  in 
the  common  red-winged  blackbird,  the  female 
of  which,  as  found  in  the  United  States,  is  vari- 
egated with  brown,  yellowish,  and  grayish 
streaks,  the  mole  alone  being  a  glossy  black, 
with  red  shoulders.  A  blackbird  is  found  in 
Cuba,  however,  the  male  of  which  is  undis- 
tinguishttble  from  our  bird,  excepting  in  the 
smuller  size,  while  the  female  is  of  a  uniform 
lustrous  black,  differing  only  from  the  male  in 
the  absence  of  red  upon  tho  shoulders.  Sim- 
ilar comparative  peculiarities  are  presented  in 
quite  a  number  of  "West  Indian  birds. — Harp- 
er's 8d, 


TtntOBTBN  Colors, — Fine  colors  are  prepared 
from  tungsten,  which,  being  permanent  and 
htil'  acted  upon  by  heat,  can  be  used  to  ad- 
vantage on  many  occasions.  Tungstatc  uf 
baryta  is  a  pure  white;  tungstateof  nickel, 
clear  green;  tungstate  of  chromium,  dark 
green;  tungstate  of  cobalt,  violet;  tungstio  acid, 
a  beautiful  clear  yellow,  passing  into  orange. 
Tungstatc  of  soda  is  nut  employed  in  colors, 
imi  is  recommended  for  rendering  fabrics  unin- 
flammable, for  this  purpose  it  is  better  to  com- 
bine it  with  phosphate  of  soda.  Metallic 
.1  was  at  one  time  supposed  to  improve 
thi-  hardnes  1  of  Bteel,  but  we  hear  very  little  of 
its  use  for  this  purpose,  aud  it  seems  more 
probable  that  the  accidental  admixture  of  man- 
ganese was  the  real  indurating  constituent.    It 

is    also   claimed  that  tungsten  hugely  increases 

actio  power  of  iron. 

Sj  1  -i  K.i  ti  mi  thk  Fi hk-Fly.  — Prof.  C.  A. 
SToung  says  this  is  "  perfectly  continuous,  with- 
out trace  of  either  bright  or  dark  lines,  and  ex- 
tends from  a  little  abovo  Fruunhofer's  lino  C, 
in  the  scarlet,  to  about  F  in  tho  blue,  gradually 
fading  out  at  the  extremities.  It  is  noticcuble 
that  precisely  this  portion  of  the  Bpectrum  is 
composed  of  rays,  which,  while  they  more  pow- 
erfully than  any  other  affect  the  organs  of  vis- 
ion, produce  hardly  any  thermal  or  actinic  ef- 
fect. In  other  words,  very  little  of  the  energy 
expended  in  the  flash  of  the  nrc-ily  is  wasted. 
It  is  quito  different  with  our  artificial  methods 
of  illumination.  In  tho  case  of  an  ordinary 
gas-light,  the  best  experiments  show  that  not 
more  than  one  or  two  per  cent,  of  the  radiant 
energy  consists  of  visible  rays;  the  rest  is  either 
invisible  heat  or  actinism;  that  is  to  say,  over 
ninety-eight  per  cent,  of  tho  gas  is  wasted  in 
producing  rays  that  do  not  help  in  making  ob- 
jects visible." 


-Faye's  View  of  the  Physical  Condition  of 
the  Sun. — The  Mechanic's  Magazine  gives  a 
summary  of  an  interesting  paper  by  Mr.  Faye, 
upon  the  physical  condition  of  the  sun,  de- 
duced from  the  observation  of  the  solar  spots 
made  by  Carrington.  This  is  expressed  in  the 
following  propositions: 

1.  That  Zollner's  theory,  which  views  the 
sun  as  a  solid  body  covered  with  a  layer  of  in- 
candescent liquid,  is  entirely  improbable,  and, 
indeed,  impossible.  2.  The  speed  of  rotation 
of  any  point  whatever,  on  the  sun's  surface  is 
always  expressed  by  one  and  the  same  formula. 
3.  There  do  not  exist  on  the  sun's  surface  any 
sensible  cm-rents  which  are  at  all  analogous  to 
the  "trade-winds."  4.  The  absolute  absence 
of  currents  is  only  explicable  by  the  presence 
everywhere  of  ascending  currents  of  great  in- 
tensity, proceeding  from  the  sun's  center  to  its 
surface.  5.  The  existence  of  such  currents  is 
an  imperative  proof  that  the  body  of  the  sun 
must  be  in  a  gaseous  stato,  and  is  an  immense 
sphere  of  teriforni  matter  of  an  enormous  tem- 
perature, but  which  is  continually  cooling  by 
the  action  of  the  ascending  currents.  6.  The 
sun  is  absolutely  spherical. 


New  Reducing  Agent. — If  an  aqueous  solu- 
tion of  sulphurous  acid  be  allowed  to  act  upon 
fine  zinc  dust,  the  zinc  is  dissolved  without  tho 
development  of  gas,  the  solution  assuming  for 
a  time  a  decided  yellow  color.  This  liquid  now 
possesses  the  peculiarity  in  a  very  high  degree 
of  rapidly  decolorizing  indigo,  a  fact  well 
known  to  chemists.  Schutzenberger,  ascer- 
tained that  this  decolorizing  of  the  indigo  is  by 
no  means  tho  result  of  oxidation,  but,  on  the 
contrary,  is  a  reduction;  and  this  power  of 
reduction  in  the  liquid  is  so  extraordinarily 
great  that  it  will  reduce,  with  heat,  the  salts 
of  copper,  silver,  and  mercury  to  their  metals. 
The  liquid  is  not  related  to  hydrosulphuric 
acid,  and  is  exceedingly  unstable  in  its  free  con- 
dition; but  if  a  concentrated- solution  of  bisul- 
phite of  soda  be  allowed  to  act  upon  the  zinc 
filings,  we  shall  obtain  a  soda  salt  of  the  new 
acid  which  has  as  great  an  affinity  for  oxygen 
as  the  free  acid,  and  can,  therefore,  be  kept  for 
any  length  of  timo  if  completely  excluded  from 
the  air. 


Hailstones  of  Salt  Jand  Iron  Sulphide. — 
According  to  Nature,  Prof.  Kenugoth,  of  Zurich, 
Switzerland,  during  a  hailstorm,  lasting  5 
minutes,  on  the  20th  of  last  August,  found 
stones,  some  weighing  12  grains,  which  con- 
sisted essentially  of  common  salt,  mainly  in 
imperfect  cubical  crystals.  He  supposes  that 
the  salt  had  been  taken  up  from  the  salt  plains 
of  Africa  and  brought  over  the  Mediterranean. 
Hailstones  containing  each  a  small  crystal  of 
sulphide  of  iron,  probably  weathered  out  of 
rocks  in  the  vicinity,  fell  recently  at  Hasan. 


Crystallization. — Professor  Chultze  has  re- 
cently exhibited,  to  the  German  Chemical  So- 
ciety, Berlin,  beautifully  formed  crystals  of  su- 
gar, borax,  and  other  substances.  He  states 
that  by  the  use  of  a  gelatinizing  substance  as  a 
solvent,  the  formation  of  perfect  crystals  is 
much  promoted.  Solutions  of  gelatine  and 
kindred  substances  were  the  vehicles  he  em- 
ployed. 


Nuv  Preservative  Fluid. — The  following 
are  the  ingredients  of  a  liquid  by  means  oi 
which  the  organs  of  the  body  that  have  become 
absolutely  offensive,  from  decay,  may  be 
treated  so  that  they  can  be  examined  for  marks 
of  injury  or  signs  of  disease.  The  fluid  con- 
sists of  a  mixture  of  iodine  one  drachm,  meth- 
ylated ether  (of  specific  gravity  -72U)  ten  fluid 
ounces,  absolute  alcohol  one  fluid  ounce,  and 
strong  sulphuric  acid  four  fluid  drachms.  The 
action  of  the  solution  seems  to  be  that  the  io- 
dine deodorizes,  while  tho  sulphuric  acid  enga- 
ges the  water  and  the  alkaline  products  of  de- 
composition and  produces  the  necessary  firm- 
ness of  structure.  The  ether  escapes,  being 
simply  the  fluid  dissolvent  for  tho  other  agents. 


Phosphorescence  Produced  by  Frictional 
Electricity. — M.  Alvergniat  states  that  if  a 
little  bromide  or  chloride  of  silieum  is  intro- 
duced into  a  glass  tube,  and  the  tube  is  then 
exhausted  and  sealed,  friction  with  a  piece  of 
silk,  or  even  with  the  fingers,  produces  a  beauti- 
ful phosphorescence,  which  is  rose  colored  if 
the  chloride  is  contained  in  the  tube,  and  a  yel- 
lowish green  with  the  bromide.  The  induction 
spark  produces  no  light  within  these  tubes  un- 
less the  vacuum  is  very  perfect,  but  in  that  case 
the  phosphorescence  disappears. 

Secchi  on  Solar  Protuberances.  —  The 
Italian  astronomer,  Father  Secchi,  has  pub- 
lished several  papers  on  the  above  subject,  in 
which  the  conclusions  arrived  at  are  summed 
up  thus:  1.  The  southern  hemisphere  of  the 
sun  is  at  present  richer  in  protuberances 
than  the  northern  hemisphere.  2.  In  general 
terms,  the  protuberances  are  numerous  in  those 
regions  where  the  facm©  are  numerous.  3. 
The  protuberances  are  highest  in  the  regions 
where  they  are  the  most  numerous. 


Silica,  Diamagnetic. — Prof.  Dove  has  suc- 
cessfully suspended,  between  the  poles  of  a 
powerful  electro-magnet,  sections  cut  from 
colorless  rock-crystal,  smoky  quartz,  agates 
composed  of  alternating  layers,  chalcedony, 
jasper,  amethyst,  and  other  varieties  of  quartz. 
Their  uniform  behavior  in  the  magnetic  field 
shows  that  all  the  different  kinds  of  native  silica 
are  diamagnetic. 

Temperature  of  the  Sun, — This  varies  ac- 
cording to  the  different  calculations,  from  10,- 
000,000°  to  1,461°  C.  Mr.  Vicaire,  in  a  note  to 
the  French  Academy  of  Sciences,  concludes 
that  it  does  not  exceed  3,000°  C.  (5,400°  F.) 
He  observes  that  the  greatest  heat  of  the  oxyhy- 
drogen blowpipe  is  2,500°  C.  (4,500  F.),  and  the 
highest  furnace  heat  not  above  2,000°  C. 
(3,600°  F.) 


A  new  method  of  preparing  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen has  been  proposed.  By  heating  a  mix- 
ture of  equal  parts  of  sulphur  and  paraffine  in 
a  flask  to  a  temperature  not  much  above  the 
melting  point  of  tho  sulphur,  the  gas  is  evolved 
with  great  steadiness.  The  production  may  be 
stopped  or  renewed  at  pleasure  by  simply  with- 
drawing or  applying  the  lamp. 

New  Fossil  Mammal  of  Utah. — Dr.  F.  V. 
Hayden  discovered  two  species  of  JBathmodon 
in  the  Tertiary  beds  (hourn  eocence?)  of  the 
"Wahsatch  group,  near  Evanston,  Utah.  The 
characters  of  the  molar  teeth  indicate  that  it 
belongs  to  a  new  family. — Amer.  Jour,  of 
Science. 


The  Cordoba  Observatory. — The  inaugura- 
tion of  this  observatory,  an  event  of  great  im- 
portance to  astronomical  science,  took  place  on 
the  24th  of  October  last  in  the  presence  of  the 
dignitaries  of  the  land.  Prof.  Gould  delivered 
an  excellent  address. 


212 


SCIENTIFIC1  PRESS^ 


[April  6,  1872. 


iining  Summary. 


The  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  theinterior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned- 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Tarshish. — Monitor  Miner,  March  23: 
At  12  o'clock  yesterday  the  mill  started  up. 

The  finest  body  of  ore  opened  in  Alpine 
■was  struck  in  the  Silver  Glance  this  week. 
It  is  a  continuation  of  the  vein  being 
worked  in  the  Monitor  No.  3  and  being 
300  ft.  deeper,  shows  that  vein  to  be  not 
only  continuous,  but  richer  as  depth  is 
reached. 

We  anticipate  a  lively  season.  The 
Tarshish,  M.  &  N.  W.,  Leviathan  and 
Globe,  which  have  ore  in  sight;  ,  work 
from  25  to  75  men  each.  The  Sovereign, 
Mountain,  American,  Morning  Star,  Win- 
chester, Marion  and  others  are  already 
talked  of  as  sure  to  start  up.  We  expect 
to  see  500  men  at  work  in  this  vicinity  be- 
fore Sept.  next. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 
Oneida. — Jackson  Ledger,  March  23:  The 
mill  has  stopped  for  want  of  fuel,  yet  the 
hoisting  works  are  operating  and  a  large 
amount  of  rich  rock  lies  in  the  mill  ready 
for  crushing.  Supt.  Morgan  is  engaged 
in  erecting  a  building  and  hoisting  works 
on  the  North  shaft. 

Good  Clean  Up. — The  tunnel  or  hill 
claim  of  Senor  Domingo  Araus,  at  Jackson 
Gate,  3  miles  north  of  town,  after  a  run  of 
15  days,  cleaned  up  a  little  over  $1,000. 
This  mine  is  worked  by  3  men  who  draw 
out  the  dirt  and  pile  it  up  until  they  ac- 
cumulate sufficient  to  make  a  15-day 's  run, 
when  they  wash  it  by  the  hydraulic  pro  ■ 
cess. 

Plymouth. — Cor.  same:  The  Phoenix  is 
turning  out  good  rock.  The  Co.  expect  to 
bnilda  20-stamp  mill  near  the  mine  soon,  to 
be  driven  by  water  power.  The  Alpine  is 
progressing  downwards,  and  their  mill  is 
not  running,  but  will  probably  start  up 
soon.  The  Condo  is  turning  out  rich  rock. 
As  soon  as  the  road  settles  they  will  haul 
150  tons  to  the  mill.  The  Philadelphia  is 
running  a  low  grade  ore  with  a  large 
amount  in  sight.  The  Arastra  claim  still 
runs,  making  small  wages  on  $2  rock. 

Pine  Grove. — Cor.  Jackson  Dispatch, 
March  30:  Iu  the  Barlow  quartz  mine  the 
shaft  is  about  240  ft.  deep,  from  which  14 
men  are  running  2  tunnels — each  of  which 
is  about  100  ft.  long.  There  are  16  jnen 
above  ground  employed  in  .  connection 
with  the  steam  hoisting  works,  chopping 
timber,  etc.  The  owners  design  to  sink 
the  Barlow  shaft  100  ft.  deeper,  drive  the 
tunnels,  thoroughly  prospect  both  veins, 
and  then  determine  on  the  propriety  of 
building  a  mill. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Machinery.— Calaveras  Chronicle,  March 
30.  The  props,  of  the  Prussian  Hill 
mine,  have  purchased  the  French  mill,  at 
Rich  Gulch  Flat,  and  will  move  it  to  their 
works  as  soon  as  the  roadss  will  permit. 
'The  machinery  consists  of  a  13-stamp 
battery  and  a  30-horse  power  engine,  in 
good  condition. 

Railroad. — In  thePetticoat  on  reaching 
the  depth  of  350  ft.  a  level  has  been  run 
about  200  feet  on  the  lead,  disclosing  a 
wide  vein  of  gold-bearing  quartz. 

Work  is  progressing  favorably  on  the 
Wolverine,  in  Wet  Gulch.  The  shaft  has 
reached  a  depth  of  about  200  ft.,  and  a 
level  is  being  run  from  the  bottom. 

The  Free  and  Easy  has  been  purchased 
by  Mr.  Porteous,  who  is  working  it  to 
good  advantage. 

Clark's  mill,  leased  by  Sanderson  & 
Pickering,  is  crushing  rock  from  the  Good 
Hope  at  Mosquito  Gulch.  There  are  100 
tons  altogether  which  will  pay  at  least  $25 
per  ton. 

Jenny  Lind. — Cor.  same:  The  hydraulic 
claims  on  Whisky  Hill  are  rushing  things 
through.  The  Banker  Hill  Co.  have  sus- 
pended operations  for  the  present  so  as  to 
re-lay  their  flume. 

INYO  COUNTY. 

Whittekind  Ore. — Inyo  Independent, 
March  22:  The  assay  value  of  the  first-class 
ore  being  extracted  from  the  Whittekind 
mine,  Cerro  Gordo,  is  406%  ozs.  per  ton; 
the  second  class  reaching  180  ozs.  The 
ledge  has  just  been  tapped  in  the  new 
tunnel. 

Shipment.— Los  Angeles  News,  March 
20:  1,330  bars  of  Cerro  Gordo  bullion 
were  shipped  from  here  to  S.  F.  by  the 
steamer  California. 

Los  Angeles,  March  26 — By  telegraph. 
570  bars,  base  bullion,  were  received  from 
Cerro  Gordo  to-day. 
NAPA  COUNTY. 

Geyser  Quicksilver  Mines. — Calistoga 


Tribune,  March  28:  The  Original  Geyser 
Quicksilver  Mine  was  located  on  the  13th 
of  Nov.  1871.  The  mine  is  about  2  miles 
west  of  the  Geyser  Springs,  near  the  Hog's 
Back  ridge.  The  first  rock  taken  out 
assayed  13%  per  cent.  Better  rock  has 
since  been  struck,  which,  it  is  thought, 
will  assay  25  or  30  per  cent.  A  large 
quantity  of  good  rock  is  in  sight,  and  the 
Co.  are  about  to  commence  tunneling. 
Locations  have  been  made  on  the  same 
ledge. 

NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Good  Shipment. — Grass  Valley  Union, 
March  27:  Findley  &  Co.  yesterday  ship- 
ped to  S.  F.,  $20,500,  the  product  of  a 
short  run  of  the  Idaho  and  several  other 
mines. 

The  Situation. — Idaho  is  paying  regu- 
larly. There  is  no  deterioration  in  the 
ore,  and  no  falling  off  in  the  strength  of 
the  ledge.  Many  improvements  are  in 
progress  at  mine  and  mill.  The  new  shaft 
is  to  be  6  by  20  ft.  in  the  clear,  and  will 
be  arranged  for  convenient  and  economical 
working.  North  Star  will  startup  to-mor- 
row, and  in  a  few  days  a  full  complement 
of  hands  will  be  employed  in  the  mine. 
There  is  on  the  dump  about  300  tons  of 
good  rock  waiting  for  the  mill. 

Empire  mine  is  running  full-handed. 
Great  quantities  of  rock  are  being  taken 
out — so  fast  that  their  20-stamp  mill  has 
to  run  night  and  day  for  the  7  days  in 
the  week,  to  keep  up  with  the  mine. 

Eureka  mine  makes  no  particular  im- 
provement. The  men  in  the  cross-cut 
from  the  5th  level  are  doing  well  in  very 
hard  rock  with  giant  powder. 

Heuston  Hill  for  the  last  6  or  8  months 
has  been  worked  by  contractors,  who  for 
the  first  4  or  5  months  made  about  $10  per 
day  to  the  man.  This  rock  did  not  hold 
out  and  as  a  consequence  the  mine  is 
about  to  be  abandoned. 

Shamrock  is  being  worked  again,  and  steam 
machinery  for  hoisting  and  pumping  has  been 
placed  on  the  mine. 

Knight  of  Malta  is  getting  up  an  engine  for 
hoisting  and  pumping,  and  in  a  few  days  regu- 
lar work  will  commence. 

Independence  Con.  on  French  Ravine,  is 
worked  by  a  tunnel  giving  150  ft.  backs.  The 
tunnel  is  in  130  ft.  and  420  ft.  more  will  cut 
the  first  large  ledge. 

Constitution  mine,  adjoining  the  above,  will 
soon  continue  their  tunnel. 

Washington,  a  new  location,  west  and  ad- 
joining the  Independence  Co.  has  taken  out 
good  quartz  lately. 

Perrin  Mine  is  taking  out  rock  and  running 
drifts. 

Gen.  Grant  Mine,  south  of  the  Pen-in,  is  tak- 
ing out  fine  looking  rock,  which  is  accumulating 
on  the  dump. 

Branch  Mint  Mine,  on  the  ridge,  between 
Deer  and  Wolf  creeks,  has  a  long  tunnel  which 
drains  the  ledge  to  a  great  depth,  giving  about 
200  ft.  of  backs. 

Willow  Valley. — The  last  crushing 
from  the  Leeonipton  ledge,  paid  $60  per 
ton,  and  some  previous  crushings  have 
yielded  as  high  as  $120.  The  mine  is 
now  idle  for  want  of  capital  to  erect  ma- 
chinery. 

The  ledge  owned  by  Brown  &  Gagan,  is 
about  iy2  ft.  thick,  and  is  rich  in  sulphur 
ets.  This  mine  was  opened  this  season, 
the  first  crushing  paying  $18  per  ton. 

In  the  Buchanan,  the  last  lot  of  rock 
crushed  at  the  Oriental  mill  yielded  $40 
per  tun.  The  Co.  have  out  a  large  quan- 
tity of  rock,  which  shows  free  gold  and  is 
rich  in  sulphurets. 

Hecker  &  Co.,  have  a  splendid  ledge, 
which  is  1%  ft.  thick.  The  crushings  have 
yielded  as  high  as  $25  per  ton,  and  none 
less  than  $18. 

Buckeye  Co.  has  a  splendid  3-ft.  ledge, 
and  are  pushing  ahead  with  energy.  They 
are  taking  out  large  quantities  of  rock, 
paying  them  from  $22  to  $25  per  ton. 

Murchie  &  Co.'s  ledge  excels  any  in 
richness  in  this  township.  The  ledge  is 
large,  and  is  paying  about  $60  per  ton. 
They  have  hoisting  works,  and  an  8-stamp 
mill  which  is  operating  day  and  night. 
Murchie  &  Co.  have  been  engaged  for  a 
long  time  running  a  tunnel  to  work  a 
gravel  range  which  they  own,  and  while 
doing  so,  ran  against  the  best  quartz 
ledge  ever  discovered  in  that  section  of 
country.  The  ledge  is  over  a  ft.  thick,  and 
will  pay  not  less  than  $80  per  ton.  They 
picked  out  of  the  gravel  claim  some  of  the 
quartz,  which  was  crushed  and  paid  over 
$200  per  ton. 

There  are  a  large  number  of  Cos.  en- 
gaged in  prospecting,  and  every  few  days 
new  discoveries  are  being  made. 

Located.  —  Grass  Valley  Republican, 
March  28:  A.  J.  Doolittle  and  W.  H.  Ray- 
mond have  located  a  water  privilege  of 
2,000  inches  of  the  surplus  waters  of  Bear 
river,  taking  it  out  at  a  point  between  the 
Little  York  and  Gold  Run  ditches,  to  be 
used  at  Liberty  Hill. 

H.  H.   Armstrong  and  others  have  lo- 


cated 1,000  ft.  on  the  Reese  &  Dupew 
ledge,  at  Randolph  Flat,  commencing  at 
the  north  boundary  of  Reese  &  Dupew's 
claims  and  extending  1,000  ft.  in  a  north- 
erly direction. 

Alexander  Haven  and  others  have  located 
1,000  ft.  on  a  ledge  on  Haven's  ranch,  to  be 
known  as  the  Washington  Lode,  located  in 
Grass  Valley  township. 

G.  H.  G.  Stackhouse  and  others  have  lo- 
cated 600  ft.  on  the  Reese  &  Dupew  ledge, 
commencing  at  the  southern  boundary  of 
the  south  extension. 

PLACER  COUNTY. 

Greene  Mine. — Placer  Herald,  March 
30:  The  Co.  is  sinking  a  fine  shaft,  which 
is  to  be  sunk  about  215  ft.,  by  men  work- 
ing on  8  hour  shifts.  The  20-inch  lode 
is  looking  splendid  and  averages  in  gold 
$200  per  ft. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Struck  Diggings. — Plumas  National, 
March  23:  Some  new  surface  diggings  have 
been  discovered  near  the  Indian  Valley 
mine,  near  Greenville,  which  prospect 
well  and  will  probably  prove  extensive. 

Rich  Yield. — Compton's  mill  is  paying 
splendidly,  and  the  ledge  looking  better 
than  ever.  On  Saturday  last,  after  a  2 
day's  run  with  6  stamps,  52  ozs.  was  clean- 
ed up  from  the  apron  and  screens  with 
fully  as  much  more  in  the  battery. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Shipped. — San  Diego  Union,  March  21: 
Bullion  amounting  to  $2,280  was  shipped 
to  S.  F.  on  the  Orizaba  yesterday. 

Items. — At  Julian  general  activity  pre- 
vails. All  of  the  mills  are  running,  and 
nearly  every  ledge  is  being  worked,  some 
quite  extensively. 

At  Banner,  Whitney  &  Co,s  mill  has 
temporarily  stopped.  Work  will  be  com- 
menced on  a  more  extended  scale  in  a 
short  time. 

The  Stonewall  are  pushing  work  with 
vigor.  Since  water  was  struck  in  the 
shaft,  the  mill  has  been  running  steadily 
night  and  day.  A  recent  clean  up  of  float 
and  other  rock  made  a  good  showing. 

The  De  Frees  mill  cleaned  up  2  or  3 
days  since  48  tons  of  ore  from  the  Mabel, 
which  yielded  $48  per  ton. 

The  Reynolds  mill  has  crushed  20  tons 
of  ore  from  the  Big  Blue  lead,  which  gave 
$53  per  ton. 

The  prop,  of  the  Owens  lead  are  running 
a  level  at  the  depth  of  200  ft.  The  ore  in 
sight  will  go  about  $19  per  ton.  There  is 
sufficient  ore  to  keep  a  hundred  stamps 
busy,  if  the  mine  is  properly  worked. 

The  Helvetia  is  being  worked  steadily  at 
present.  Its  owners  are  taking  out  a  lot 
of  ore  which  will  be  crushed  at  the  mill  of 
De  Frees  &  Co. 

The  Excelsior  lead  has  a  day  and  night 
force  at  work. 

The  Antelope  mill  is  busy  at  work  upon 
Madden  rock,  and  has  several  engagements 
to  crush  for  other  Companies. 

Wilson  &  Co.  are  crushing  Helvetia 
rock.  The  working  of  the  new  mill  gives 
general  satisfaction. 

Work  has   been  resumed   on  the  Wash- 
ington   lead,    which    has    recently    been 
leased. 
SIERRA  COUNTY- 

Downieville  Mt.  Messenger,  (March  23: 
Working  Sulphurets. — The  Independence 
mine  will  erect  works  for  the  reduction  of 
sulphurets  this  spring;  also  put  in  heavier 
machinery,  and  put  their  mine  on  a  first 
class  footing. 

All  Out. — Manson  has  got  the  High- 
land &  Masonic  mine,  at  Alleghany,  clear 
of  water,  and  will  push  the  work  to  bring 
to  light  the  pay  dirt. 

Discoveries. — A  number  of  discoveries 
of  rich  quartz  have  been  made  in  this  vi- 
cinity during  the  past  winter,  the  most 
important  of  which,  perhaps,  is  the  High 
Commission  ledge  on  the  south  Fork.  The 
owners  have  gone  in  about  100  ft.  and  have 
a  ledge  from  10  to  12  ft.  wide,  the  rock 
throughout  being  rich  in  free  gold.  The 
most  important  feature  of  this  mine,  is  a 
belt  of  black  sulphurets  from  18  inches  to 
2  ft.  wide,  assaying  from  $5,000  to  $6,000 
per  ton.  Similar  sulphurets  have  been 
discovered  on  the  East  Fork  and  in  Jim 
Crow  Canon. 
SOLANO  COUNTY- 
SHIPMENT. — Yallejo  Chronicle,  March  30: 
Eighteen  flasks  of  quicksilver  were 
brought  in  from  the  Vallejo  mine  to-day 
for  shipment. 
TRINITY  COUNTY. 

Red  Hill. — Weavervi)le/o;«-Ha7,  March 
23:  The  miners  of  Red  Hill  and  vicinity 
are  working  like  bees,  and  will  make  a  good 
season's  run, 

Lewiston. — Olney  Philips  is  working  8 
or  10  men  in  his  claim.  Trask  &  Ross  are 
believed  to  have  struck  excellent  pay. 

Good  Diggings. — Ward's  claim,  on  Ore- 
gon Gulch  mountain,  is  the  largest  and 


perhaps  the  richest  in  Trinity  Co.  The 
face  of  the  claim  at  present  is  600  ft.  in 
length  and  from  40  to  60  ft  in  depth.  The 
gravel  is  intermixed  with  decomposed 
quartz  and  volcanic  ashes,  which  readily 
yield  to-the  action  of  the  water  without 
using  either  pick  or  hydraulic. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT- 
Bullion. — Eureka  Sentinel,  March  29: 
The  Consolidated  shipped  110  tons  of  bull- 
ion yesterday  and  day  before.  The  Co. 
has  produced  so  far  in  the  present  month, 
with  but  2  furnaces  in  operation,  290  tons. 

Progressing. — Work  on  the  Richmond 
furnaces  is  progressing  rapidly. 

The  Mines. — We  yesterday  visited  sev- 
eral very  valuable  properties  on  Adams 
Hill.  The  first  iu  order  was  the  Newport, 
which  belongs  to  the  Magnolia  Co.  The 
main  shaft  is  dowuaboutlOOft.  disclosing 
a  body  of  ore  12  ft.  in  width.  Three  men 
are  sinking  preparatory  to  opening  up  lev- 
els. An  extra  force  will  be  put  on  the  As- 
tor  incline  to-day  where  large  quantities 
of  high  grade  ores  are  visible.  There  are 
about  150  tons  of  ore  on  the  various  dumps. 
Passing  on  to  the  Meredith,  on  which  a 
shaft  is  down  20  ft. ;  we  saw  a  fair  showing 
of  ore  at  the  bottom.  Crossing  over  the 
ridge  still  further  west  brought  us  to  the 
Adams  Hill  property,  which  is  being  vig- 
orously worked.  Three  shifts  of  men  are 
working  night  and  day  in  the  tunnel  level. 
The  most  gratifying  success  attends  all 
these  various  operations,  fine  high  grade 
ore  being  met  with  at  all  points. 

Spruce  Mt. — The  principal  mines  of  the 
Ingot  Co.,  are  the  Latham  and  the  Fourth 
of  July.  The  I.  Co.  is  erecting  a  large 
furnace,  which  will  soon  be  ready  for  ac- 
tive operations.  There  are  about  140  men 
in  the  Dist. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.— Ely  Record,  March  21:  W.  F. 
&  Co.  has  shipped  since  the  14th  inst.,  bull- 
ion valued  at  $96,794.92. 

Kingston. — The  mine  is  on  Panaca  Flat. 
It  has  a  shaft  165  ft.  deep,  and  is  being 
worked  vigorously,  the  ledge  showing  it- 
self at  the  depth  of  150  ft.,  and  is  looking 
finely. 

Pioche  (No.  9)  .—The  shaft  is  in  460  ft. 
The  first  station  is  75  ft.  from  the  surface. 
A  drift  has  been  run  170  ft.  showing  a  fine 
body  of  ore.  At  the-second  station  is  an- 
other drift  of  300  ft.  with  an  immense 
body  of  ore.  At  the  fourth  station  360  ft. 
from  the  surface,  is  a  drift  of  294  ft.  The 
ore  in  this  drift  is  completely  covered  with 
horn  silver,  and  averages  by  assay  $1,000  to 
the  ton.  At  the  bottom  460  ft.  from  the 
surface,  there  is  a  drift  or  "  cross  cut "  be- 
ing run  to  tap  the  ledge.  It  is  only  in 
about  12  ft.  as  yet. 

HUMBOLDT. 

The  French  Canal.  — Union ville  Silver 
State,  March  30:  J.  Ginacca  has  purchased 
a  10-stamp  mill,  all  complete,  which  he  in- 
tends putting  up  along  side  the  old  French 
Canal,  at  Winnemucca. 

Seminole  Tunneling  Co. — The  work- 
ing force  on  the  Seminole  has  been  increas- 
ed. The  ledge  continues  to  improve  as 
depth  is  attained.  The  ledge  is  4  ft.  wide 
and  the  ore  is  of  excellent  quality. 

Eclipse. — The  owners  this  week  com- 
menced stoping,  and  are  now  extracting 
rich  ore  in  large  quantities.  The  vein 
matter  is  from  5  to  6  ft.  wide,  one-half  of 
which  is  mineral-bearing  quartz. 
REESEI  RIVER. 

Whitlatoh  Union.  —  Reese  River 
Reveille,  March  27:  This  mine  is  in  splen- 
did condition.  A  large  ledge  of  high  grade 
ore  is  being  worked  on  steadily. 

Yankee  Blade. — The  mines  of  this  Dist. 
are  yielding  high  grade  ore,  and  prepara- 
tions are  being  made  to  work  them  more 
extensively  than  heretofore.  Mines  long 
abandoned  are  being  reopened,  the  ' '  Con- 
fidence "  among  others. 
WASHOE. 

Ore  Yield. — Virginia  Enterprise,  March 
23:  Last  week  the  Crown  Point  yielded 
2,951  tons  of  ore,  the  Savage  1,173  tons, 
the  Chollar  758  tons,  and  the  Hale  &  Nor- 
cross  760  tons. 

Pump  in  Operation. — The  Justis  Co. 
have  got  their  pump  in  operation  and  are 
fast  lowering  the  water  in  the  mine. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — The  tunnel  was  yester- 
day in  2,800  ft. 

Arizona  and  Utah — The  Co.  situated 
upon  the  same  lead  as  the  Globe  Co.,  be- 
low Gold  Hill,  have  cleaned  out  their  old 
tunnel  and  retimbered  it  in  good  shape. 

The  Hale  and  Norcross  Co.  are  steadily 
drifting  south  on  their  lower  level. 

Bullion.. — We  yesterday  saw  at  the  Cal- 
ifornia Bank  silver  bricks  to  the  value  of 
$43,245.90,  from  the  Crown  Point  and 
Belcher  mines. 

Savage. — Night  before  last  connection 
was  made  between  the  south  drift,  on  the 


April  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


213 


1,400  ft.  level  of  the  Savage,  and  the  winze 
going  down  from  the  1,000ft.  level.  This 
gives  a  fine  circulation  of  air.  The  incline 
baa  been  completed  to  the  1,500-ft.  level,  a 
station  opened  and  drifting  commenced. 

Globe  Mine. — A  considerable  number 
of  workmen  are  taking  out  ore  from  the 
Droppings,  and  in  opening  the  old  tunnels 
and  inclines.  Their  lower  tunnel,  being 
cleaned  out  and  reta'mbered,  is  from  1,800 
V,  1,400  ft.  in  length.  They  have  c 
out  and  substantially  Fetimbered  this  tun- 
nel 400  ft.  and  are  pushing  the  work  ahead. 
The  tunnel  taps  the  vein  700  ft.  below  the 
croppings.  Above  this  tunnol  is  a  second 
one  about  400  ft.  in  length.  This  strikes 
the  teed,  and  runs  along  it  200  ft. 

Vn:i.i..- Gold  Hill  NffW9,  March  27:  The 
teat  « i-ekly  reports  of  3  of  our  mines  show 
the  following  results:  Chollar-Potosi,  950 
tons  on-  extracted,  assaying $87.54  per  ton, 
and  825,886  ihippedj  Crown  Point,  2.858 
tons  of  ore,  sent  to  mills,  estimated  at 
$159,717;  Savage,  1.GC0  tons  ore  extracted, 
averaging  $27,20  per  ton. 

Lewistos  Mink. — The  mine  is  300  ft. 
west  of  the  ISuckeye,  and  is  a  recent  dis- 
covery. The  ledge  averages  about  7  ft.  in 
width.  A  shaft  has  been  sunk  20  ft.,  aud 
the  ore  averages  about  $100  to  the  ton. 

Daney. — The  main  shaft  is  being  sunk 
for  tho  GOO-ft.  level,  and  is  already  20  ft. 
below  the  500-ft.  level,  with  plenty  of 
water  to  contend  with,  yet  good  progress 
is  made.  At  the  500-ft.  level  a  drift  is  be- 
ing run  north;  following  tho  ledgo,  with 
promising  indications. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Bullion.— "White  Pine  Newt,  W.  F.  & 
Co.  shipped  from  this  city,  to-day,  to  Lon- 
don, for  Kberhardt  &  Aurora  M.  Co,  (lim- 
ited), 4  bars,  28G  lbs.,  valued  at  $5,339.23. 

Will  Start  Up. — The  furnace  at  Rob- 
inson Dist.  will  bo  running  on  base  ore  in 
a  few  days. 

Ebekhardt  &  Aurora  Co.'s  Mines. — In 
company  with  Joseph  Potts,  the  Assistant 
Supt.,  we  examined  this  week  the  works  of 
the  Co.,  on  Treasure  Hill.  The  Earle  mine 
was  passed  through  to  the  Lady's  chamber. 
As  far  as  opened  the  Lady's  chamber  is  42 
ft.  wide,  100  in  length,  and  50  ft.  high.  On 
the  south  end  there  was  a  fault  (or  slip) 
that  cut  off  the  ore.  A  drift  was  started 
in  a  southeasterly  course.  After  running 
130  ft.,  a  large  body  of  ore  was  found  in 
the  south  chamber,  that  as  yet  has  no  limit. 
The  opening  is  35  ft.  high, 40  ft.  wide,  and 
125  ft.  long.  In  the  bottom  and  sides  of 
the  opening,  rich  ore  is  in  sight.  In  the 
bottom  of  the  chamber  the  ore  goes  down 
below  the  level  of  the  tunnel,  of  regular 
grade.  The  ore-body  inthe  Risdale  cham- 
ber is  not  as  extensive  as  faras  opened  as 
in  the  south  chamber;  but  is  of  a  more 
regular  grade,  and  mills  from  100  to  220 
per  ton.  Fifty  tons  of  this  class  of  ore  is 
extracted  daily. 

Arizona. 

Yavapai  Co.— Prescott  Muter,  March  16:  The 
Tiger  is  "panning  out"  plenty  of  ore,  some  20 
tons  of  which  were  shipped  this  week.  The 
placer  miners  are  taking  out  considerable 
gold.  Vulture  mill,  at  Wickenburg,  is  still  run- 
ning. 

Pima  Co.— I.  Q.  Dickason  brought  some  rich 
specimens  of  silver  ore  from  a  mine  near  Tuc- 
son. 

Mabtcopa  Co. — Work  is  progressing  on  the 
Siiver  Queen  and  other  lodes. 

Mohave  Co. — In  Wallapaidist.  An  immense- 
ly large  mine  — supposed  to  be  the  one  former- 
ly worked  by  the  Jesuits, has  been  discovered.  Its 
location  is  not  far  from  Mineral  Park. 

Items. — The  Tiger  tunnel  is  in  21G  ft.  from 
the  bottom  of  the  deepest  shaft,  and  a  cut — to 
find  out  the  width  01  the  vein — has  been 
started. 

'  Mineral  Park. — Cor.  Los  Angeles  News 
March  23:  Great  excitement  is  occasioned  here 
by  tho  reported  discovery  of  the  Montezuma 
mine  in  this  neighborhood. 

Twenty  men  are  about  leaving  for  the  new  pla- 
cer diggings  on  the  Colorado.  From  $10  to  $15 
is  reported  as  the  average  pay  per  man  per  day. 
The  locality  is  known  as  Black  Canon,  aud  is 
about  100  miles  above  Stone's  ferry. 

Mr.  Elder,  of  Inyo  county,  is  here  andinquir- 
ing  into  the  expediency  of  erecting  smelting 
works  in  this  vicinity. 

Ores. — San  Bernardino  Guardian,  March  20 
Bruun  &  Roe  received  this  week  for  shipment 
to  San  Francisco  47  sacks  containing  3,700 
pounds  of  silver  ore  from  the  claims  of  Capt. 
St.  Dennis,  Ivanpah,  also  50  sacks  of  4; 495 
pounds  from  Hite  &  Chatfield.  The  last  lot 
forwarded  to  San  Francisco  sold  for  $1,362  per 
ton.  This  will  undoubtedly  go  as  high  as 
$1,800. 

Clark  Dist. — The  crude  bullion  from  the 
following  mines  sold  in  S.  F.  as  follows  per 
ton:  Beatrice  No.  2,  $1,064;  Beatrice  No.  1, 
$433.09;  Snow  Storm,  $529.04;  Hurst  &  Co., 
$1,463.88;  Lizzie  Bullock,  $1,362.04;  Monitor 
$909;  P  No.  1,  $675;  P  No  2,  $430. 

Colorado. 

Items. — Colorado  Mine}',  March  21 :  The  ore 
blockade  is  immense.  Baily  &  Nott  have 
shipped   on  account  of  owners,  during  the  past 


2  weeks,  30  tons  of  very  rich  smelting  ore  They 
have  on  hand,  sacked  and  ready  for  shipment, 
150  tons.  There  was  arashed,  sacked  and  sam- 
ple 1,  ut  tlu-  mill  of  the  Snowdrift  s.  M.  and  B. 
Co.,  during   1  innds  «>f  high  grade 

rasanuhed,  Backed  and  sampled, 
at  Hall's  oruahing  works  183,000  pounds  of  ore. 
Burgharnl  and  wyth  are  working  on  a  contract 
on  thr  Eclipse  tunnel,  Griffith.  The  tunnel 
■  driven  in  about  500  ft.  Tho  Killwin- 
ning  lode,  Republican  Bit.,  is  yielding  rirst  class 
ore  worth  1,81  I  <.■      ■     -nd  class 

worth    HH)  OZB.     The  Clift  niiuo  is  in  a  good 
body  of  fine  <»r.-  and  is  improving  as  work  pro- 
gn  an  b.    An  average  ol  ore  assayed  yielded  i>03 
ozs.  per  ton, 
(_'l>:u:  Obuk  Company  will  soon  have  smelt* 

rks. 

1  Inst. — Cor.   same:  Kings    lode    is 

looking  splendidly—- Bemrose,   if  he  can  rent 

1  raid  Hoyt  mill,  will  run  it  next 
The  Pacific  and  Oro  Fiuo  lodes,  on  Ten  Mile, 
have  been  sold  and  will  be  worked  this  season. 
Dowd,  Breece  and  some  Boston  hoys  will  con- 
struct a  ditch  from  Snake  river  t-.  New  York 
and   Soda  Gulches   at  an   early  day.     Ktihey  tfc 

Co.,  are  constructing  a  ditch  from  the  Ten 
Mile  to  Salt  Liok  Gulch.  Greenleaf  &  Co.  have 
been  all  winter  getting  out  lumber  for  the 
Georgia  ( iuleh  tlnmo. 

Middi.b  Boulder. — Central  Roister,  March 
20:  The  Caribou  mill  is  in  successful  operation. 
About  18  tons  of  ore  are  worked  daily,  which 
yields  from  10U  to  200  ounces  of  silver  to  the 
ton. 

Yesterday  we  visited  tho  Belmont  and  Che- 
mung lodes,  and  were  surprised  to  see  the  ac- 
tivity in  mining  matters. 

The  tirst  shaft  we  visited  (No.  2  east  on  the 
Chemung)  at  18  ft.  has  a  crevice  of  very  fine 
ore  a  foot  in  width,  that  is  yielding  8  ounces 
per  cord,  under  stamps.  The  mines  are  Ewers 
&  Co. 

On  claim  No  2  west,  on  the  Chemung,  Mr. 
Compton  is  taking  out  a  very  fair  grade  of  ore. 
Adjoining  this  on  the  west,  Leahy  &  Co.  are 
working  with  profitable  results. 

Eastof  Ewers  &  Co.  about  GOG  ft.  Flint  &  Co. 
are  working,  to  considerable  profit,  .the  Belmont 
lode. 

Idaho. 

Local  Record. — Silver  City  Avalanche,  March 
23:  The  winze  from  the  bottom  of  the  8th  lev- 
el of  the  Golden  Chariot  is  yielding  fine  looking 
ore.  Stoping  is  going  on  in  the  4th  level  of  the 
War  Eagle,  both  north  and  south  of  the  shaft. 
The  vein  is  from  18  inches  to  4  ft  in  width  pay 
ore.  The  steam  hoisting  works  formerly  used 
at  the  Poorman  were  taken  to  the  Minnesota 
this  week  and  will  probably  be  started  up  to- 
day. E.  A.  Thompson  is  working  the  Idle  wild 
aud  taking  out  ore,  in  much  of  which  gold  and 
silver  are  plainly  visible.  Sands  &  Co.  are  tak- 
ing richer  ore  than  ever  from  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral. A  fine  body  of  pay  ore  has  been  struck 
in  the  north  Oro  Fino.  The  Empire  is  not  be- 
ing very  extensively  worked,  at  present,  al- 
though the  ore  continues  rich.  A  permanent 
shaft  will  soon  bo  commenced,  with  a  view  of 
putting  hoisting  works  on  the  mine.  Charley 
Peck  is  still  driving  his  tunnel  on  the  Belle 
Peck  mine.  He  is  in  about  130  ft.  The  Mahog- 
any fourth  level  continues  yielding  an  abun- 
dance of  splendid  ore.  The  ledge  continues 
looking  well  in  the  Ida  Elmore  winze  north, 
and  also  in  the  7th  level  drift  of  that  mine. 

South  Mt. — Cor.  same:  Mr.  Brunzell  intends 
to  commence  operations  on  the  Scanda  in  a  few 
days.  Hastings  &  Co.  have  good  indications 
in  their  tunnel:  Cut  30  ft.,  tunnel  84  ft.,  width 
7%  ft.,  hight  8  ft.,  depth  from  the  surface  44 
ft.  and  timbered  the  whole  length.  "Work  is 
going  on  in  the  Polar  Star  tunnel,  with  no  indi- 
cation of  ore  as  yetT  -  Length  of  cut  14  ft.,  tun- 
nel 36  ft.  and  depth  from  surface,  20  ft. 

Montana. 

Mill  Running. — Deer  Lodge  Independent, 
March  23:  The  St.  Louis  mill  at  Phillipsburg 
was  started  up  last  week  and  is  running  success- 
fully. 

Rocker. — The  miners  are  busily  engaged  in 
preparing  for  spring  work.  The  Bock  Creek 
Diteh  Co.,  intend  to  commence  cleaning  out 
their  ditch  Monday  next. 

Blackfoot  Mine. — Cor.  same:  There  has 
been  but  little  mining  done  during  the  past 
winter  in  Ophir  gulch  and  bar. 

The  Illinois  gulch  is  known  to  be  rich  and 
extensive.  The  different  Co.'s  have  their  work 
in  a  state  of  forwardness  and  their  claims  in 
perfect  order. 

On  Carpenters'  bar  mining  will  be  resumed 
about  the  1st  of  May.  But  little  preliminary 
work  mil  be  required,  as  the  Cos.  have  their 
claims  in  working  order. 

North  Pacific  Lode. — Helena  Gazelle,  March 
IS:  The  prospects  of  finding  a  good  vein  are 
very  fair. 

R.ADERSBTTRG.~On  Left-Hand  lode,  Clancey  & 
Hull  are  opening  their  mine  in  a  systematic 
manner.  They  have  contracted  for  the  removal 
of  the  Blue  Cloud  mill  from  this  county,  and  its 
erection  at  a  convenient  point  below  Keating- 
ville. 

Mining  on  the  Allen  lode  is  steadily  progress- 
ing, and  all  the  things  are  iu  readiness  to  com- 
mence, hoisting.  The  Allen  mill,  a  6-stamp,  is 
crushing  this  ore  very  successsfully.  The  Davis 
mill  will  also  commence  crushing  on  ore  from 
this  mine  in  a  few  days. 

Several  very  promising  mines  of  rich  argenti- 
ferous galena,  have  been  discovered  in  this  dist. 
and  will  be  developed  during  the  coming  season. 
Some  discoveries  of  silver  chloride  have  also 
I  been  made  which  promise  well. 


Lower  California. 

EteKS.— San   Diego    I'nlun,    Mim-h  21:    The 
engine  and  boil  i  by  HcKean  to  run 

i  imp  mill,  arrived.    Mr.  WeKewn  has 
several  tons  of  roekready,  and  intends  to  com- 
i  rushing  at  it  once.    The  Zapata  mine 
will  bo  worked  extensively  in  a  short  time. 
Considerable  prospecting  isbeiug   done. 

Utah. 

..  -S.  L.  Trlbwu,  Maroh  20:  The  late 
i    from   the  Pioneer    mills   to   Walker 
Bros.,  was  (5,670,11. 

We  were  shown   yesterday  a  valnabl< 
men   of  ore  from  the  Silver  Exchange  mine 
weighing   lM    lbs.     A   considerable   amount  of 
:i  is  on  has  been  worked,  the  Brat-class  yield- 
i  -::  and  ih.  2d  $157  to  the  ton. 

In  Dry  Canon  (correspondence)  the  miners 
are  pushing  their  tunnels  and  shafts  vigorously. 
Near  the  mouth  of  the  eafiou  are  the  Rip  Van 
Winkle,  Nabob  aud  several  other  mines  on  which 
much  work  has  been  done.  The  most  promis- 
ing mines  on  '"shoo  fly"  bill  are  the  K< 
Alabama,  Post  Hoy,  Noonday,  etc.  After  leav- 
ing Shoo  Fly  Hill  we  passed  down  to  the  Mo- 
No,  Converse,  I'tah  Queen,  Caddit,  Miami,  and 
thence  to  the  Snow  Storm  Tunnel,  which  gives 
mueh  promise  but  the  development  is  yet 
limited.  Below  this  tunnel  tho  Lilliu  of  tho 
West  shows  rich  ore.  The  first  nn'nes  noticea- 
ble as  you  passs  into  East  Canon  are  in  close 
proximity  to  the  Brevoort  Mill,  Greeu  Chloride 
Hill.  Of  these  I  visited  the  Red  Jacket,  Lex- 
ington, Green  Chloride,  Black  Hawk,  Irene, 
Malakoff  and  others,  all  of  which  show  large 
bodies  of  ore  and  give  great  pi"omise.  On 
Silver  Shield  Hill  on  the  edge  of  the  clift*  is  the 
Oriental  Tunnel  and  the  Clift"  Mine,  from  which 
they  take  excellent  ore  from  a  good-sized  ledge. 
Above  this  mine  is  the  Champion,  near  which 
are  the  Miners'  Delight,  Silver  Shield  and 
Velocipede  Nos.  1  and  2.  Next  we  come  to 
Ophir  Hill,  on  which  are  the  Burnett,  Severe, 
Wild  Delirium,  Grant  Tunnel,  Chloride,  Fair 
View,  Bath,  McCollum  and  Silvertail.  The 
Fair  View  has  a  shaft  of  100  ft.  and  the  Silver- 
tail  is  making  a  first-class  exhibit  of  ore. 


S.  F,  Stock  Exchange  Board. 

San  Fkancisco,  April  4,  1872. 
The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending 
Wednesday,  the  27th  ult.,  amounted  to  $4,- 
015,000.  March  receipts  of  the  Meadow  Val- 
ley mine  were  $150,000.  Last  week  1,985  tons 
of  ore  were  taken  from  the  Crown  Point  mine, 
valued  at  $124,081  and  956  tons  from  the  Chol- 
ltir-Potosi,  assaying  $36.48  per  ton.  The  last 
bullion  shipment  for  the  latter  was  $17,652. 
The  March  receipts  of  the  Raymond  &  Ely 
mine  aggregated  $319,953.  Over  1,500  tons 
of  ore  were  taken  from  the  Savage  last  week 
assaying  $34  per  ton.  The  first  shipment  from 
the  Raymond  &  Ely  this  month  amounted  to 
$31,100.  On  Friday  miuiug  stocks  were  in 
good  demand  in  the  Board;  on  Saturday  only 
moderately  active;  Monday  in  good  demand; 
Tuesday  again  strong;  Wednesday  active  and 
in  good  demand,  and  to-day  the  market  is  still 
excited  and  most  kinds  of  stocks  are  tending 
upward. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

March    28.    Highest.    Loictvt.    April  4.     Adv.  jyec. 


Alpha $43 

American  Flag.,  16 

Belcher 650 

Buckeye — 

Ohollar-Potosi ..  69 

Caledonia 1S}£ 

Cons.  Virginia...  47 
Crown  Point....  900 


Eureka  Cons....  21% 

hureka — 

Excelsior — 

Gould  &,  Curry.  .2.50 
Golden  Chariot..  20J£ 
Hale  &  NorcrosB  330 

I  mperial 1673^ 

Ida  Elmore 13J4 

Kontuck 280 

Mammoth 76c 

Meadow  Valley..  24 

Mahogany — 

Ophir 73W 

Orig.  Hid.  TreaB.  14 


16'., 


■>»'■■ 

150 
300 


135tf 

305 
80o 
26 


645 

65 
18 
45 
900 

y-i 

28% 


5-  'a 
15 
670 
5 
81 


12 
2i;<j 


19  —  —         — 


.67 


Pioohe . . 
Raymond  &  Ely. 131 

Savage  235 

Sierra  Nevada...  33 

Succor   — 

Wash.  £  Creole..    B« 
Yellow  Jacket...  84,'£ 

St.  Patrick — 

Seg.  Belcher 74 


ua 

12!* 

75 

&V4 

19« 

15« 

135 

121 

355 

230 

33 

29 

5% 

5 

w 

6 

116 

82 

32tf 

6!£ 
110 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


BID.  ASKED. 


Alpha  Cona 50 

Amador 280 

lieleher 660 

Chollar-Potosi..      78 

Crown  Point 950 

Daney 334 

Eureka  Coub 27j£ 

Eureka 18 

•  lolden  Ohiiriot.  — 
Gould  &  Curry.  295 
Hale  &  Norcross    375 


BID.  ASKED. 

23(1 
290 
253^ 


Ida  Elmore 

Imperial 225 

kentnek 285     - 

Mntduw  Valley..    25     . 

Ophir 78 

Orig.  Hid.  TreaB     125* 

Overman 74!^ 

Savage ^45 

Kiiymond  &  Ely.  13"-£ 
Sierra  Nevada...  3"fi 
Yellow  Jacket..   106 


Received.— The  Constitution,  By-laws,  Regu- 
lations and  list  of  premiums  to  be  awarded 
at  the  Gth  annual  fair  of  the  Nebraska  State 
Board  of  Agriculture,  to  be  held  at  Lincoln, 
Nebraska,  Sept.  3,  4,  5  and  Gth,  1872. 


J.  M.  Htjtchings,  whom  the  State  will  doubt- 
less dispossess  of  his  ten-year  old  home  in  the 
valley  of  the  Yosemite,  is  lecturing  to  crowded 
houses  in  the  Atlantic  cities. 


Mining  Shareholders*  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scien- 
tific Pukss  and  other  Sun  Francisco  Journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

date  of  AsaKanwrNT  delinquent,    of  su.k. 

Upe  s.  M.  00.  N-  v.  Hamb  1,  76c April  9— April  30 

DloomfleldOnva]  tt.Oo,  OaL.Feb  23,$3.Mar.27— Apr.  13 
Bucltey*  m.  Oo.,  Nev..  Mar.  2a.fi.25... .April  art— Ma v  is 
tons. Virginia  m.  Oo.,  Nov.,  Mar.  la,  $3.  Apr.  24— May  is 

ihmld  A:  i.'urrv,  Vv...lan    30,  $15 Mar.  4— April  26 

Grand  DukoM.  Co.,  V.  T.,  Mur.  5,  25c. April  16— May  15 

Ida  Blmon.  [aaho.Mazcli  B.  S3 April  11— May  10 

[Dgomax  s.  If.  00.,  Ely,  April  a,  25c MayH— Muv31* 

Hiuili  \-  Hunt  S  M  C0..N1  v  , Mar. '.0,25c.  .Apr.29-  -May  27 

Kim-aid  Flat  m.  Oo.,  Oal.,Feb.  H.Sa.Mar.  ih— April  6* 
Knickerbocker,  tf.OoJfc  v..  Mar. 23, 50c  .Apr.07— May  17 

Lemon  M.  and  M.  O.,  Eureka,  Apr  1.  *1.  .May  7-Jnn  12 

Marcelina  S.  M.  Oo.  Mar.  8.  10c April  15— Mav  7* 

Kevadn  L.  ."v  H  Oo.,  Nov.,  Marofa  28,  lo..Hay2,  Hay 34* 
Nuestra Sonon  d<  Ohiadelupo,  May  10,  $2.Apl5— >May8* 
OpblrB,  ft  O.  m.  Oo,  CaL  Mai-,  18,  20o.,  April  0— May  7 
Overman  S.  M.Oo,  Gold  Bill, Mar.  18,$«.Apr.l3— May  IS 
Pacific  Borai  Co.,  Not.  Feb  23,  I60.. March  28— April  lrt 
Peter  Walti  rM.  Oo.  Placer  Oo,  Mar.ll,$l.Apr.l8— May  6 

PhomixS.  at.,  Not.,  Mar.  10,  7:..- April  24— May  15 

Pocahontas  «'■.  If,  Co.,  Oal.,  Feb,  25,  $e..Aprll  6-Mnyrt* 
Quail  Bill  M. ft  W.  Co.,  Cal  Feb.  16,$6,  Mar. 20— April  16* 
San  Buenaventura  CO.  Oal.,  Jan.  10,  $1  Feb,  20— Mar.  2'J 

Biempre  VItb  Oo.,  Mox.,Mar,  25.  30c May  2— May  20* 

Smith  Eureka,  NOT.,  Mar.  2,15c April  4 -April  23 

S.  Gold  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev..  Apr  1.  $2.50..  May  6— May  27 
Bprlng  Mt.  Tunnel  Co. .March  12,  15c. April  22— May  12* 
Succor  M.  k  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  Mar.  20.  Si.. April  28— May  15 
Tecumsoh  G.S  &O.M.Oo.Gal.Mar.20  BB.Apr.28— May  11* 
Washington  &  Creole  M.  Co.  Feb.  10,  5Qo,  Mar.  15—  Apr.  11 
MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Arizona  k  Utah  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  R 

Hale  and  Noreross Special  Meeting  April  13 

KnoxG.  &8.  M.Co Annual  Meeting  April  8 

Murphy  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  10 

Nevada  Land  and  M.  Co Special  Meeting  April  25 

Redlngton  Quicksilver  M.  Gj. .Annual  Meeting  April  18 
LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  MonthB). 

Belcher,  $15 Payable  March  9 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $15  Payable  March  15 

Eastport.  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co.i  perct.Pavable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co..  $1.60 Payable  March  18 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $:j Payable  Feb.  10 

Raymond  k  Ely,  $5 Payable  March  8 

Yule  Gruvel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  April  2 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  A  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal,  Etroet.1 

PRICES  FOB  INVOIOXB 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  lofiffftm  per  cent,  higher  than  tht 
following  quotation*. 

Tuubsday,  April  4, 1872 

IltON.— 

Scotch  and  English  Pig  Iron,  $  ton $55  00    (§ 

White  Pig.  V-  ton 45  00    (g 

Refined  liar,  bad  assortment,  $  lb —  05    (g 

Refined  Bar.  cood  assortment,  $4  tb —  05}j(g 

Boiler.  No.  1  to  4  .' —05    @ 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  OT.'jS 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13... —  OBKfi 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —06    (g 

Sheet.  No.  24  to  27 —  06    g 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Boiled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  eto.     5    @ 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,®  lb —24    @ 

Sheathing.  Yellow" ■■■ —  24    @  - 


100 


■05^ 
-06 


Sheathing,  Old  Yellow 

Composition  Nails 

Composition  Bolts —  z  \ 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  13  box 12  00 

Plates,  10  Charcoal  10  00 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs,  ^  lb 

Stekl.— English  Cast,  9  * —  16 

Drill 16 

Flat  Bar 17 

Plough-Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) I2JiJ 

QlIICKSIT-VEll.— "§>  tb 

LiiAD.-Pig,  ■$  lb --06 

Sheet —  08 

Pipe —    9 

Bar 08 

ZiNC.-Sheets,  TO  a —  10 

Borax.—  Refined —  25 

Borax,  crude —    5 


(§-HJ* 


—  85 

—  06* 


a 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Poet  at.] 
SAN  Fbanoisco,  Thursday,  April  4, 1872, 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  Btill  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  llrm. 

City  Tanned  Leather.  TO  lb 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  TO  ft 26@29 

Country  Leather,  TO  lb 25®28 

Stockton  Leal  her,  1Mb 26@2SJ 

French  skin-;  are  tinner  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8Kil.,  perdoz  .-..*bl)  WM 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil.,  perdoz 76  00(8 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  TO  doz. 60  00M 

Lemoine,  lfi  to  18  Kil.,  TO  doz  ..... 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil..  pur  doz 

Cornell  inn.  Hi  Kil.,  per  doz 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  perdoz 

OEerauCaif,  TO  doz 54  00(L 

Simon,  18  Kil., TO  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  TO  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.TO  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,7  andB  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  TO  B> HO®    130 

California  Kip,  TO  doz 60  OOtoSO  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors.  TO  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  TO  lb  115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colore,  TO  doz. ...    9  Wial  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings. TO  doz 5  50®  10  50 

California  Rnnset  t .Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Calf  Boot  Legs.  TO  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  TO  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs, TO  pair 4  00_ 


Skirting  Leather,  TO  » 

Welt  Leather,  TO  doz 

Bnff  Leather,  TO  foot 

Wax  Side  Leather,  TO  foot. . 


)  llltr,, 

34§ 

.  30  Wu.i 


Strawberries. — Ten  days  ago  strawberries 
were  bringing  one  dollar  per  pound  at  retail ; 
now  they  are  abundant  in  all  the  markets  of 
the  city  at  from  20  cents  to  25  cents  per  pound. 
There  is  every  prospect  of  abundant  yield  the 
present  spring  and  summer,  and  prices  -will  un- 
doubtedly rule  low.  "We  hear  of  no  blight, 
bugs  or  insects  affecting  the  vines;  but  owing 
to  the  unusually  wet  spring,  the  berries  though 
large,  are  not  up  to  the  full  standard  of  sweet- 


Minees  and  mechanics  write  for  your  paper. 


214 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  6,  1872. 


The    Hot    Springs    and    Geysers     of 
Montana. 

In  the  February  Journal  of  Science  ap- 
pears a  description  by  Prof.  T.  V.  Hayden 
of  the  hot  springs  and  geysers  of  the  Yel- 
lowstone and  Firehole  rivers  of  Montana. 
That  wonderful  region,  until  recently 
entirely  unknown  to  the  outside  world,  is 
now  attracting  wide  attention  to  its  natural 
ouriosities,  its  scenery,  its  phenomena  of 
artistic,  scientific  and  medical  interest. 

Almost  the  whole  area  of  the  Yellow- 
stone Basin  is  covered  with  volcanic  ma- 
terial in  some  form.  The  basis  rocks  on 
the  usual  metamorphic  granitoid  series  of 
the  country,  with  every  variety  of  basalts 
and  basaltio  conglomerates.  The  sedi- 
mentary rocks  are  Carboniferous,  Jurassic, 
Cretaceous  and  Tertiary.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  any  unchanged  rocks  older  than 
the  Carboniferous  occur.  The  Triassic  is 
probably  wanting.  There  is  evidence  that 
the  sedimentary  rocks  covered  all  the 
country  up  to  the  Eocene  Tertiary  in- 
clusive. 

Warm  springs  are  not  uncommon  in  the 
valley  of  the  Lower  Yellowstone,  but  sel- 
dom over  80°  in  temperature.  At  Gar- 
diner's river,  a  branch  on  the  west  side, 
they  commence  in  full  force.  About  3 
miles  above  the  junction  the  valley  bottom 
is  covered  with  a  thick  calcareous  crust, 
the  deposit  of  springs  now  extinct,  under 
which  flows  a  stream  of  hot  water,  of  132", 
6  feet  wide  and  2  feet  deep.  A  little  dis- 
tance up  is  a  group  of  four  placid  springs, 
6  to  10  feet  in  diameter,  whose  curative 
effects  were  loudly  praised  by  a  number  of 
invalids  residing  there. 

A    Wonderful   Hill. 

Near  this  spring  is  a  high  hill  on  whose 
slope  is  a  system  of  terraces,  each  from 
200  to  300  feet  high,  covered  with  a  thick 
deposit  of  lime.  The  surface  of  the  first 
two  is  fast  decomposing,  and  the  springs 
are  nearly  extinct.  Higher  up  occurs  a 
hot  spring  deposit,  wonderful  even  in  this 
land  of  wonders,  in  the  distance  appearing 
like  a  vast  glacier.  Indeed  the  different 
terraces  in  beauty  can  be  compared  only 
to  a  frozen  cascade.  First  comes  a  broad 
terrace  with  old  chimneys,  irregular  open- 
ings, like  entrances  to  caverns,  which  ex- 
tend beneath  the  crust,  here  probably  from 
20  to  50  feet  deep.  A  little  further  up  are 
basin-like  pools,  4  to  8  feet  in  diameter 
and  1  to  4  feet  deep,  with  semi-circular 
rims  most  beautifully  scalloped;  and  un- 
derneath these  rims  are  rows  of  stalactites 
with  every  variety  of  surface  ornamenta- 
tion. These  continue  about  fifty  yards, 
gradually  ascending,  and  then  occurs  an 
abrubt  declivity  of  about  a  hundred  and 
fifty  feet,  rising  in  steps  formed  of  these 
exquisitely  moulded  pools,  of  every  size 
and  variety.  Upon  the  terrace  above  are 
numerous  active  springs  with  basins  20  to 
50  feet  in  diameter,  and  with  water  heated 
to  15.0°  or  160°,  which,  however,  flowing 
down  the  declivity  from  one  beautiful  pool 
to  another,  gradually  loses  some  of  its 
heat;  and  we  may  find  a  bathing  pool  of 
any  desired  temperature. 

Upon  this  lower  terrace  springs  are  con- 
tinually dying  out  and  others  are  breaking 
out  anew.  There  are  also  several  extinct 
geysers.  One  has  a  circular  deposit  of 
carbonate  of  lime,  50  feet  high  and  25 
feet  in  diameter  at  the  base,  looking  in 
the  distance  somewhat  like  a  conical  col- 
umn. The  layers  of  deposit  are  arranged 
on  the  almost  vertical  sides  of  tire  cone 
like  the  straw  on  a  thatched  roof,  or  hay 
on  a  stack. 

Upon  this  terrace  the  principal  portion 
of  the  active  springs  is  now  located;  and 
here  is  presented  another  picture  to  the 
eye  which  transcends  any  description  in 
words.  The  water  is  wonderfully  trans- 
parent; one  sees  with  perfect  distinctness 
through  it  the  minuted  ornament  on  the 
inner  sides  of  the  basin,  and  the  exquisite 
beauty  of  the  coloring,  and  the  variety  of 
forms  baffle  any  attempt  to  portray  them 
with  pen  or  pencil.  Then,  too,  around 
the  borders  of  springs,  especially  those  of 
rather  low  temperature,  and  on  the  sides 
and  bottoms  of  the  numerous  little  chan- 
nels of  the  streams  flowing  from  these 
springs,  there  is  a  striking  variety  of  the 
most  vivid  colors,  comparable  only  to  our 
most  brilliant  aniline  dyes;  various  shades 
of  red,  from  the  most  brilliant  scarlet  to 
light  purple;  yellow,  from  deep  bright 
sulphur  to  light  cream  color;  then  also 
various  shades  of  green.  All  these  colors 
are  rendered  very  vivid  by  the  water.  The 
springs  are  also  full  of  a  kind  of    vegeta- 


tion, composed  of  diatoms;  and  in  quiet 
springs  and  little  streams  from  boiling 
springs  there  are  great  quantities  of  a 
fibrous  silky  substance  which  vibrates  at 
the  slightest  movement  of  the  water,  and 
has  the  appearance  of  the  finest  cashmere 
wool. 

About  300  feet  further  up  the  mountain 
are  other  localities,  where  the  springs, 
however,  are  nearly  extinct,  and  the  sur- 
face covered  with  the  remains  of  a  still 
nobler  natural  architecture.  A  few  small 
springs  throw  up  jets  of  water  two  to  four 
feet  high.  The  orifices  are  lined  with  a 
light  cream-yellow  mixture  of  lime  and 
sulphur.  There  are  also  chimneys,  with 
walls  4  to  10  feet  high,  some  nearly  circu- 
lar at  the  base,  lined  inside  with  a  coat- 
ing of  carbonate  of  lime  which  is  hard, 
smooth  and  like  porcelain  in  luster.  The 
oblong  mounds,  from  a  few  feet  to  a  hun- 
dred yards  long,  10  to  20  feet  high  and  15 
to  20  feet  around  the  base,  generally  have 
a  fissure  along  the  summit,  in  some  of 
which  the  water  can  be  heard  seething  and 
boiling.  These  fissures  all  have  the  same 
beautiful  white  porcelain  lining,  and  in 
some  the  brilliancy  is  intensified  by  the 
precipitation  of  vivid  yellow  sulphur  in 
acicular  crystals,  but  so  delicate  that  they 
disappear  at  the  touch.  A  qualitative 
analysis  shows  that  the  spring  water  con 
tains  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  lime,  soda, 
alumina  and  a  little  magnesia.  Carbonate 
of  lime  predominates,  -and  they  may  there- 
fore be  called  calcareous  springs. 
Classes  of  Springs — Their  Age. 

There  are  two  classes  of  springs  in  the 
Yellowstone  valley,  one  in  which,  lime 
predominates,  the  other,  silica.  With  the 
exception  of  those  mentioned  and  one  or 
two  of  lesser  importance,  most  of  the 
springs  of  the  Yellowstone  and  Firehole 
Basins  are  siliceous.  They  may  again  be  divi- 
ded into  intermittent,  boilingand  spouting, 
and  quiet  springs.  The  first  are  always  above 
the  boiling  point  when  in  action,  but  dur- 
ing the  interval  the  temperature  lowers  to 
150  .  The  second  are  always  at  the  boiling 
point,  and  some  of  them  throw  the  water 
up  2  to  6  feet  by  regular  pulsations.  The 
third  class  may  once  have  been  geysers, 
but  are  are  now  quiet,  and  range  from 
188°  to  90°.  When  the  temperature  is 
below  150°  great  quantities  of  iron  ses- 
quioxide  are  deposited  by  the  water. 

An  interesting  question  is  that  in  regard 
to  the  time  required  for  the  deposition  of 
this  material.  The  position  of  the  active 
springs  is  continually  changing.  In  the 
aggregate  they  have  been  in  constant  op- 
eration during  our  present  period.  The 
center  of  activity  may  have  removed  and 
returned  to  its  present  position  several 
times.  There  are  no  data  to  estimate  at 
all  accurately  the  period  of  any  one  era  of 
deposition.  Around  the  springs  now 
active  are  dead  pines,  6  to  18  inches  in 
diameter,buried  4  to  6  feet  in  the  calcareous 
deposit.  From  evidence  gathered,  one 
may  estimate  that  at  least  6  feet  have  been 
deposited  within  the  space  of  one  cen- 
tury. 

Another  interesting  feature  is  the 
antiquity  and  great  compactness  of  some  of 
these  deposits.  On  the  mountain  sum- 
mits 1,500  to  2,000  feet  above  the  river, 
evidently  lifted  by  the  forces  which  ele- 
vated the  whole  range,  is  a  bed  of  hard, 
white  and  yellowish-white,regularly  strati- 
fied limestone,  50  to  150  feet  thick,  which 
once  evidently  extended  over  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  valley.  We  may  ask  the  ques- 
tion whether  the  geological  structure  of 
this  region  has  anything  to  do  with  the 
calcareous  character  of  this  deposit.  On 
the  side  of  Gardiner's  river,  opposite 
the  hot  springs,  is  a  bluff  extending  6 
miles,  composed  in  the  aggregate  of  1,500 
feet  of  Upper  Cretaceous  and  Eocene 
Tertiary  Strata,  with  some  irregular  in- 
intercalated  bed  of  basalt.  A  thick  bed 
upon  the  summit  rests  uncomfortably  on 
the  Tertiary  beds.  This  group  of  strata 
inclines  northeast  at  a  moderate  angle,  and 
undoubtedly  extended  across  the  river 
over  the  area  now  occupied  by  the  hot 
springs.  Under  the  hot  spring  deposit, 
beds  of  older  date  incline  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, the  angle  increasing  as  we  ascend  the 
mountains.  The  whole  mountain  side  is 
covered  with  basalt  of  a  thick  deposit  of 
local  detritus,  with  here  and  there  an  out- 
crop of  arenaceous  Jurassic  limestones. 
We  therefore  know  that  beneath  this  calcare- 
ous deposit  there  are  at  least  1,500  feet  of 
Carboniferous  limestones.  If  the  origin 
of  the  heat  which  so  elevates  the  tempera- 
ture of  these  spring  waters  is  as  deep 
seated  as  is  generally  supposed,  then  the 
heated  waters  have  ample  play  for  their 
powers  in  dissolving  the  calcareous  rocks 
beneath. 

Hot  Springs  of  the  Upper  Basin. 

A  few  springs  occur  at  the  mouth  of 
Tower  creek,  at  the  lower  end  of  the  Grand 


canon,  but  the  great  hot  spring  district 
commences  beyond  the  mountain  range 
forming  the  north  wall  of  the  upper  basin, 
20  miles  above  the  Lake.  Here  is  an  area, 
40  miles  long  and  15  wide,  which  either  is 
or  has  been  occupied  by  hot  springs.  The 
Grand  canon  is  a  channel  1,000  to  1,500 
feet  deep,  carved  out  of  basaltic  rocks  and 
hot  spring  deposits,  on  the  sides  of  whose 
walls  may  be  seen  the  irregular  fissures 
which  communicate  from  the  surface  with 
the  heated  interior.  Besting  upon  an  ir- 
regular surface  of  basalt  are  immense  de- 
posits of  silica  of  every  shade  of  red,  yel- 
low and  white. 

On  Mt.  Washburn  is  a  remarkable  group 
of  springs  now  in  constant  action.  Alum, 
sulphur,  soda  and  common  salt  are  found 
upon  the  surface  in  considerable  quanti- 
ties. Sulphuretted  hydrogen  is  emitted 
in  such  amounts  as  to  fill  the  air  and  ren- 
der it  oppressive.  This  group  extends 
across  the  Yellowstone  to  the  eastward  for 
several  miles.  The  springs  now  in  action 
are  only  a  few  out  of  the  many  hundreds 
which  once  covered  the  entire  area. 
Sulphur  and  Mud  Springs. 

The  largest  group  of  these  is  at  Crater 
Hills,  8  miles  below  the  lake,  in  a  district 
about  half  a  mile  square.  Here  are  sev- 
eral mounds,  50  to  150  feet  high ,  of  sili- 
ceous deposits  from  extinct  springs.  The 
old  craters  and  immense  deposits  show 
that  the  present  active  springs  represent 
only  the  last  stages  of  a  once  magnificent 
group.  Even  those  now  remaining  excite 
intense  astonishment.  All  around  the 
base  and  high  up  on  the  sides  of  the  hill 
are  vents  from  which  steam  constantly  is- 
sues, and  around  the  edges  and  inside  the 
orifices  a  most  brilliant  yellow  layer  of  sul- 
phur has  been  precipitated.  On  the  west 
side,  one  of  these  jets  produces  a  sound 
like  that  of  a  locomotive,  which  can  be 
heard  for  a  long  distance.  The  surface  is 
fairly  riddled  with  little  steam  vents,  and 
the  crust  sends  forth  a  hollow  sound  be- 
neath the  tread;  and  on  removing  this 
shelly  covering  at  any  point,  hot  vapors 
come  forth,  while  its  inner  surface  is  en- 
crusted with  beautiful  sulphur  crystals. 
The  springs  here  are  either  boiling,  mud, 
or  quiet  springs.  The  principal  boiling 
spring  is  near  the  base  of  the  hills,  and  is 
in  a  constant  state  of  violent  ebullition 
sending  up  a  colum  of  water  2  to  4  feet. 
It  has  a  basin  about  15  feet  in  'diameter 
and  gives  forth  a  huge  column  of  steam. 
The  rim  of  this  spring  is  a  marvel  of 
beauty.  It  is  composed  of  silica,  but  scal- 
loped and  covered  over  with  the  most  deli- 
cate bead-work,  and  upon  the  pure  white 
silica  is  deposited  a  thin  layer  of  sulphur 
of  the  most  delicate  cream  color. 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  objects  here 
are  the  mud  springs,  which  are  of  every 
size  from  1  inch  to  20  feet  in  diameter. 
One  of  the  largest  is  filled  with  fine  light- 
brown  mud  which  is  in  constant  agitation, 
its  surface  covered  all  over  with  puffs  like 
hasty  pudding.  Others  send  forth  a  thud- 
like noise  every  second,  with  an  impulse 
at  longer  intervals  which  throws  the  mud 
up  several  feet.  The  water  and  mud  in 
the  vicinity  are  thoroughly  impregnated 
with  alum. 

Two  miles  above  is  another  group  of 
boiling,  turbid,  placid,  or  mud  springs 
and  geysers.  Upon  the  side  of  the  hill 
bordering  the  river  is  a  most  terrific  mud 
cauldron.  A  large  column  of  steam  is  con- 
stantly ascending,  500  feet  or  more,  from 
a  deep  funnel-shaped  basin,  25  feet  in  di- 
ameter; when  the  wind  carries  away  the 
steam  for  a  moment,  the  thin  black  mud 
may  be  seen  boiling  violently  about  20 
feet  below  the  rim,  with  a  noise  like  dis- 
tant thunder.  The  ground  and  trees  for 
200  feet  around  were  covered  with  the  mud 
which  had  been  ejected  at  some  of  its  pe- 
riodical outbursts. 


Checkmating  the  Cats. — A  writer  in  the 
English  Mechanic  exults  greatly  on  account 
of  the  success  of  a  device  put  into  practice 
by  him  for  preventing  cats  from  coming 
over  the  fence  into  his  yard.  This  consists 
in  nailing  down  horizontally  along  the  top 
of  the  fence  a  piece  of  wire  gauze  or  net- 
ting, having  a  coarse  mesh,  and  projecting 
about  two  feet  on  each  side.  The  netting 
will  bend  slightly  downward  by  its  own 
weight,  and  while  it  does  not  exclude  the 
light  or  rain  from  the  garden,  will  resist 
the  most  persevering  efforts  of  any  cat  to 
surmount  it. 


The  iron  exports  of  Great  Britain  to  the 
United  States  in  1871  amounted  to  nearly  $38,- 
000,000  in  value,  being  more  than  one-half  the 
iron  exportations.  This  statement  does  not  in- 
clude the  hardware  trade,  which  foots  up  near 
$2,500,000 

About  one  person  in  fifty  is  said  to  have 
good  luck  in  the  South  African  diamond 
fields. 


The  Use  of  Sewage  for  Irrigation. 

The  city  of  Berlin,  Prussia,  has  'for  a  long 
time  been  considering  the  various  methods  of 
removing  its  refuse,  etc.,  with  a  view  to  introduc- 
ing the  best  process.  Among  other  things 
it  tried  some  experiments  in  utilizing  the  sew- 
age for  irrigation,  and  we  propose  to  use  freely 
Prof.  Dunkelberg's  article  written  on  this  sub- 
ject for  the  Cologne  Zettimg,  as  being  of  consid- 
erable interest  both  to  people  within  and  to 
those  without  the  precincts  of  a  city. 
.  "We  omit  the  discussion  of  the  question  as  to 
whether  or  no  it  is  best  to  lead  the  matter  from 
water-closets  and  other  receptacles  of  human 
excrement  into  sewers.  Many  suppose  that 
sewage  without  these  excrements  is  worthless 
for  agricultural  purposes.  That  this  supposi- 
tion is  wrong,  is  shown  by  V.  Liebig's  report  to 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  in  1859.  The  an- 
alysis of  water  in  which  fish  and  certain  vegeta- 
bles (potatoes,  cabbage  and  cauliflowers)  had 
been  cooked  showed  that  in  472,768  tons  of 
this  water  there  were  contained  414  tons  of 
potash  and  125  tons  of  phosphoric  acid.  If  we 
take  into  consideration  the  immense  amount  of 
valuable  matter  sure  to  find  its  way  into  the 
sewers  of  large  cities,  we  can  see  that  by  letting 
the  sewage  run  away  unutilized,  whether  or 
no  the  human  excrements  be  carried  off  with  it, 
there  is  a  tremendous  loss  to  agriculture.  In 
the  Berlin  experiments  the  water  from  the 
sewer  of  the  Koniggratz  street  was  used  to  irri- 
gate a  sandy  waste  of  about  4  acres.  Part  of 
this  area  was  devoted  to  strawberries  and  other 
kitchen  vegetables  of  various  kinds  and  part 
was  sown  with  grass.  On  the  part  devoted  to 
grass  it  was  necessary  first  to  sow  winter  rye  in 
order  that  the  ground  might  be  bound  together; 
otherwise  the  water  would  have  washed  away 
grass,  seed  and  sand  together.  The  experi- 
mental irrigation  was  commenced  on  July  24th 
1870,  but  was  interrupted  from  October  2d  to 
November  13th,  and  was  continued  for  81  work- 
ing days  of  20.3  hours  (on  the  average)  each,  or 
1642  hours.  In  this  time  about  1,436,000  cubic 
feet  of  water  were  used,  equal  to  about  1%  inches 
(in  hight)  per  day. 

The  sewer  water  was  of  excellent  quality  and 
the  rye  grew  luxuriantly,  so  much  so,  in  fact, 
that  although  cut  twice  and  in  places  three 
times,  it  prevented  the  growth  of  the  grass,  the 
seed  of  which  was  mixed  with  the  rye.  Hence 
no  grass  crop  was  obtained  in  1870,  and  the 
winter  irrigation  had  to  be  tiled  on  rye  land, 
which  was  less  adapted  therefor  than  is  grass 
land.  There  was  no  help  for  this,  one  of  the 
main  objects  of  the  experiment  being  to  see 
whether  winter  irrigation  was  feasible  in  the 
chmate  of  Berlin. 

On  the  1st  of  December,  1870,  the  irrigation 
was  recommenced  and  carried  on  for  102  days 
at  the  rate  of  2.165  inches  (in  hight)  per  day. 
The  result  showed  the  feasibility  of  the  plan, 
for  notwithstanding  the  severity  of  the  winter 
I  unfortunately  no  data  concerning  the  tempera- 
ture are  given]  the  ground  was  never  frozen, 
and  even  where  ice  formed  on  its  surface,  the 
irrigation  water  flowed  regularly  beneath  the 
ice  and  prevented  the  ground  from  freezing. 
For  the  sewer-water,  on  account  of  its  forma- 
tion and  underground  flow,  can  not  get  below 
the  freezing  point,  and  always  showed  at  least 
one  degree  above  the  freezing  point.  The 
amount  of  this  water  obtainable  for  the  experi- 
ments was  very  limited,  and  a  large  amount 
would  have  had  a  higher  temperature.  On  ac- 
count of  an  overflow  from  the  Spree  canal  the 
pumpiug  machinery  was  submerged  and  the 
irrigation  stopped  on  the  15th  of  March  for  a 
considerable  period. 

The  appearance  of  the  field  in  March  and 
April  was  not  all  that  could  be  wished.  In  the 
upper  part,  which  had  received  the  most 
water,  there  were  spots  where  the  rye 
had  been  killed;  between  these  places,  how- 
ever, individual  bunches  of  (timothy)  grass  were 
in  full  growth.  In  other  parts  the  rye  had  sur- 
vived. The  ground  was  then  sown  with  grass 
seed  (about  24  lbs.  to  the  acre)  and  lightly 
harrowed  with  iron  rakes. 

In  spite  of  the  cold,  unfavorable  spring  the 
young  grass  grew  well  and  that  sown  the  pre- 
ceeding  year  spread  and  flourished  so  luxu- 
riantly that  a  crop  of  8,280  lbs.  were  obtained 
from  2%  acres  early  in  May.  A  second  crop  of 
7,259  lbs.  was  obtained  in  June  2d  to  11th. 
Both  of  these  crops  came  from  the  seed  sown 
the  previous  autumn,  proof  enough  that  the 
winter  irrigation  had  not  destroyed  all  vegeta- 
tion as  very  many  had  predicted  it  would.  On 
the  25th  day  of  June  the  third  crop  of  grass 
was  18  inches  high,  the  strawberry  vines  bore 
ripe  fruit  and  the  salad  had  been  harvested 
and  a  crop  of  celery  planted  in  its  place. 

To  this  may  be  added  that  a  report  of  the 
25th  of  August  showed  that  the  irrigated  land 
had  produced  nearly  57  tons  of  grass  in  three 
crops  while  a  fourth  crop,  only  partially  cut, 
had  given  10%  tons  more;  that  the  strawberries 
(not  including  the  many  given  away)  had  pro- 
duced to  the  value  of  over  $2%;  the  salad  per 
square ruthe  (about  153  sq.  ft.)  about  75  cts.; 
peas,  60  cts. ;  cauliflower,  $3% ;  beans,  34  cts. ; 
varieties  of  cabbage  from  25  cts.  to  50  cts.; 
another  variety  of  bean,  not  yet  fully  gathered, 
90  cts. ;  and  that  the  part  of  the  field  harvested 
had  been  sown  with  another  crop.  The  maize 
(a  variety  called  "Giant  maize"  in  Germany) 
had  grown  to  the  hight  of  9  feet.  Table  beets 
were  in  fine  condition  and  sugar  beets  had  a 
circumference  of  21  inches. 

Taking  into  consideration  the  many  disad- 
vantages encountered  in  the  experiments,  the 
results  must  be  admitted  to  be  very  strong  evi- 
dence in  favor  of  the  utilization  of  irrigation, 
both  winter  and  summer,  by  sewage. 


April  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


215 


UsEfdL     IfJ^O^rlAJlON. 


I'liLi/iv.  bason  m  India. — Wallace  to  hi-. 
"  Malay  Archipelago  "  gives  the  following  ac- 
I  tin  manner  in  whicb  the  snp< 

ance  ol  insect  Ufa  is  turned  to  oc ant  in  the 

[■lands  of  the  Mala;  Archipelago.  Writing  oi 
k,  an  Island  at  the  east  end  ol  Java,  ha 
K,iy^:— Every  day  boj  9  were  to  be  seen  walking 
•long  the  roads  and  by  the  hedges  and  ditehea 
oatohlng  dragon  flies  with  bird-lime.  They 
cany  a  Blender  stick,  with  a   few  twigs  at  the 

•  that  the  tenet  toi 
tares  the  inaeet,  whose  wings  are  removed  be- 
fore it  is  dropped  into  the  b 

The  dragon  flies  are  bo  abundant  at  the  time 
«.f  the  rice  flowering,  that  thousands  are  Boon 
Caught  in  this  wty.     The  bodies  are  fried  in  oil 
with  onions  and  preserved  shrimps  or  some- 
alone,  and  are  considered  appeal   deli- 
oaoy. 
I  J!  Borneo  and  Celebes,  the  larvae  of  bees 
1  ither  alive  as  pulled  out  ol 
Ice  the  dragon  flies. 
In  the   Moluccas   islands  the  grubs  of  the 
I'uhii  beetles  (Oalancha)  are  regularly  b 
to  market  in  bamboos  and  sold  for  food;  ami 
many  ol    the  ^reat    LamelUcorD   beetlos    are 
■lightly  roasted  on  the  embers  anil  eaten  when- 
ever  met  with. 


Oiling  and  Bucking  HabnbSS. — All  harness 
that  is  in  constant  use  should  bo  washed,  oiled 
and  blacked  at  least  twice  a  year.  When  it  is 
to  be  oiled,  unbuckle  all  the  parts  and  wash 
the  surface  clean  with  strong  soapsuds.  Any 
coating  of  gum  which  tin.'  soapsuds  will  not  re- 
move-, may  be  removed  by  a  little  turpentine 
ox  benzine.  Then  warm  the  leather  through 
and  through.  As  soon  as  it  is  dry  on  the  sur- 
faci ■.  and  before  it  is  dry  to  the  center,  apply 
the  oil.  Neal's-foot  oil  is  the  best.  Linseed 
oil  will  make  the  harness  dry  and  still'.  Apply 
the  oil  with  a  paint  brush  or  swab,  the  harness 
lying  on  a  bench  or  smooth  board.  The  small 
nieces  may  be  dipped  in  a  pan  of  oil  and  drawn 
out  slowly  between  the  thumb  and  fingers  to 
wipe  off  the  excess  of  the  fluid.  By  using  a 
targe  pan  one  can  oil  a  harness  in  a  few  mo- 
mentfi  neatly  and  thoroughly,  and  without 
wasting  any  oil.  As  soon  as  the  oil  has  dried 
in,  a  cwat  oi  ^leathl  r  varnish  should  be  applied. 

Industrial  Monthly. 

What  is  Fermkntatton  ? — It  is  asserted  by 
Miss  Coleman  and  "  Beechwood  "  that  fermen- 
tation is  "  rottenness,"  "death."  On  the  con- 
trary, it  is  life,  literally  and  philosophically 
speaking.  It  is  the  progenitor  of  all  life  from 
the  germination  of  the  smallest  seed  to  the 
hatching  of  the  largest  egg.  Without  it  no  life 
could  begin,  no  life  couldjcontinue.  It  is  thus 
described  in  Wood's  Mutant/: — "When  a  seed  is 
planted  in  moist  soil  at  a  moderate  tempera- 
ture, the  intoguments  gradually  absorb  water, 
soften  and  expand.  The  water  is  decomposed, 
its  oxygen  combines  with  the  carbon  of  the 
starch  stored  up  in  the  tissues,  carbonic  acid  is 
evolved,  and  the  starch  is  converted  into  sugar 
for  the  nourishment  of  the  embryo,  which  now 
begins  to  dilate  and  develop  its  parts,"  and  life 
begins. 

Fermentation  is  a  changing  of  the  materials 
of  organism  for  the  creation  of  new  ones  for 
the  purpose  of  nourishing  life.  It  is  not  rot- 
tenness; neither  is  it  death;  but  if  properly  ar- 
rested, may  endure  for  ages,  as  in  the  case  of 
"old  wine." 


Safety-Matches. —  Casualties  are  continu- 
ally occurring  from  fires  caused  by  ignition 
from  the  still  burning  ends  of  lighted  matches 
thrown  carelessly  aside;  and  it  may  be  of  in- 
terest to  learn  that  a  mode  of  preparation  has 
lately  been  devised  by  which  s\teh  a  result  may 
be  entirely  prevented.  The  principle  of  the 
new  match  consists  in  impregnating  the  wood 
of  which  it  is  made  with  a  chemical  solution 
which  prevents  the  carbon  from  remaining  a 
fiery  mass  for  a  single  instant,  as  in  the  case  of 
ordinary  matches,  so  that  as  soon  as  it  is  blown 
out  it  may  be  thrown  with  perfect  safety  upon 
inflammable  or  explosive  substances.  The  man- 
ufacture is  said  to  be  no  more  expensive  than 
those  now  in  use. 


Mounting  Drawing  Papeb. — First  moisten 
the  paper  thoroughly;  then  lay  it  upon  the 
board  in  proper  position  and  with  blotting  paper 
remove  most  of  the  moisture  for  a  distance  of 
about  one-half  inch  from  the  edges;  then  take 
strips  of  Manila  paper  (not  too  stiff),  about  1% 
inches  wide,  covered  on  one  side  with  mucilage, 
and  paste  them  down  on  both  i>aper  and  board, 
allowing  them  to  lap  on  the  edges  of  the  sheet 
about  half  an  inch.  Keep  the  middle  of  the 
sheet  thoroughly  wet  until  the  mucilage  has 
set,  when  the  whole  sheet  may  be  allowed  to 
dry  gradually.  This  method  is  quick,  sure  and 
of  especial  use  when  coloring  is  necessary. — 
Industrial  Monthly. 

Snoring. — Snoring  is,  of  all  bad  habits,  the 
most  intolerable,  and  it  is  comforting  to  know 
that  a  device  has  been  found  out  to  mitigate  its 
horrors.  A  long  and  flexible  tube  leads  from 
the  nose  of  the  patient  to  his  ear,  and  thus  the 
undulcet  sounds  which  he  creates  awakes  the 
author.  He,  in  effect,  consumes  his  own  snor- 
ing, much  as  a  well-constructed  factory  chim- 
ney consumes  its  own  smoke;  and,  being  thus 
convinced  of  the  enormity  of  his  own  sin,  learns 
to  repent  him  and  keep  his  own  nose  under 
better  control. 


HrNTs  to  MAscrACTUBKits. — The  most    Im- 
portant rule  for  a  workshop  is  "apl 
everything,  and  everything  in  its  place;"  and 

its   rigid   enforcement  will  save  hours  in  time, 
and  dollars  in  money,  every  week.      Keep  your 

floors  and  benches  clean,  and  foroe  journeymen 
and  apprentices  to  take  some  degree  of  pride 
in  the  appearanoe  <-f  tin-  benches  and  parts  oi 
ipy.  It  is  not  difficult  to 
1  workman  interested  in  Bach  matters; 
and  tin  best  workman,  if  he  be  a  reliable  man, 
is    the   cheapest    under   every   circumstance. 

"  Cheap  help  "  waste  and  destroy  as  much  as 
they  Sam,  and  thfl  result  of  their  labors  is  sel- 
dom satisfactory.  We  could  never  understand 
why  a  manufacturer,  who  could  not  think  of 
touching  his  cash-drawer  without  the  knowl- 
edge of  his  book-keeper,  should  di  em  it  proper 
to  walk  into  his  factory  and  give  his  journey- 
men instructions  regarding  their  work  without 
first  informing  bis  foreman  of  his  intention  to  do 
...  A. competent  foreman  is  naturally  sensi- 
tive ol  bis  perogatives;  an  inoompefc  ol  oi 
do  not  anticipate  employing.  If  you  engage  a 
foreman,  give  him  entire  ehargo  and  control;  if 
not,  engage  an  assistant  foreman  and  be  fort- 
man  yourself,  taking  the  responsibility  as  well 
as  the  credit  of  so  b.ing. — Cabinet  Maker, 


The  number  of  miles  of  railroad  now  in 
operation  in  the  United  States  is  60,382. 


Mechanical  Hints. 

To  Make  Sltkiuok  Lath. — Much  of  the  lath 
of  commerce  is  of  poor  quality,  and  unequal  in 
thickness  and  width.  Often  it  is  sawed  out  of 
pine  slabs  saturated  with  pine  gum  which  will 
often  strike  through  a  heavy  coat  of  mortar  and 
color  the  wall.  In  many  instances  a  builder  is 
located  20  or  30  miles  from  a  market  where 
lath  can  be  obtained.  But  he  may  possess  an 
abundance  of  cheap  timber  of  the  best  quality 
for  lath,  and  may  have  convenient  machinery 
for  sawing.  The  writer  was  once  thus  located, 
having  plenty  of  basswood,  which  makes  excel- 
lent laths.  He  hauled  to  the  sawmill  a  few 
logs  1C  feot  long  (the  width  of  the  rooms)  and 
had  them  sawed  into  plank  1%  inches  thick. 
These  he  hauled  home  and  sawed  into  lath 
three-eighths  of  an  inch  thick  and  10  feet  long. 
In  no  place  in  the  dwelling  did  the  lath  break 
joint.  The  niortar,  of  clean  sand  and  good 
lime,  was  laid  on  half  an  inch  thick  and  neatly 
troweled  off;  and  for  more  than  20  years,  no 
crack  appeared  in  the  walls.  The  laths  were 
sawed  as  follows:  A  circular  saw,  one  foot  in 
diameter,  was  put  on  the  journal  of  the  fire- 
wood-cutter; a  movable  table,  about  10  feet 
long,  was  made  to  move  easily  on  a  roller  way, 
about  32  feet  long;  and  the  saw  was  driven  by 
two  one-horse  railway  powers  placed  side  by 
side.  A  two-horse  railway  power  or  a  steam 
engine  would  be  much  better.  With  such  an 
apparatus  one  man  could  saw  lath  as  fast  as  he 
could  handle  a  plank. 

A  Ciikap  Cellak-bottom. — Grade  the  bottom 
of  the  cellar,  lotting  the  outside  be  at  least  two 
inches  lower  than  the  middle.  Lay  cobble- 
stones down  in  rows  and  ram  them  down  one- 
third  their  thickness  into  the  ground  so  that 
they  will  not  rock  nor  be  sunk  by  heavy 
weights,  as  molasses  barrels,  etc.  Fill  all  the 
interstices  with  a  grouting  of  clean  sand  and 
water  lime,  or  Rosendale  cement.  When  this 
has  set,  cover  with  a  layer,  one  inch  thick,  of 
good  cement  mortar.  In  order  to  spread  the 
mortar  even  on  the  surface,  lay  an  inch  board 
one  foot  from  the  wall  on  the  surface  of  the 
pavement,  stand  on  the  board,  and  fill  the 
space  with  mortar  even  with  the  top  of  the 
board.  After  this  move  the  board  one  foot,  fill 
the  space  with  mortar  and  trowel  off  smoothly. 
Such  a  floor  is  cheaper  than  one  of  boards,  and 
exceedingly  durable. — Industrial  Monthly. 

Keeping  Frost  out  of  the  Cellar. — The 
temperature  of  a  cellar  can  be  kept  above  the 
freezing  point,  and  thus  vegetables  therein  pre- 
served against  frost,  by  keeping  fire  in  a  small 
stove,  or  by  letting  a  pipe  extend  from  the 
kitchen  stove  to  the  bottom  of  the  cellar  and 
then,  by  means  of  two  elbows,  return  up  to  the 
chimney  flue.  The  hatchways  and  windows 
should  always  be  packed  or  shielded  with  shav- 
ings, sawdust,  hay  or  some  other  material 
which  will  prevent  a  current  of  cold  air  from 
entering. 

How  to  Build  Brick  Chimney-tops. — All 
the  brickwork  above  the  superstructure,  whatev- 
er the  material  of  the  building,  should  be  made 
with  cement  mortar,  which  absorbs  less  moist- 
ure than  that  made  of  caustic  lime  and  sand. 
The  bricks  for  a  chimney-top  should  be  soaked 
in  water  for  a  few  minutes,  so  that  they  will 
not  extract  the  water  from  the  mortar.  In  or- 
der to  have  mortar  become  very  hard,  it  must 
dry  slowly.  By  laying  wet  bricks,  the  mortar 
will  set  slowly,  dry  slowly,  and  eventually  be- 
come almost  as  hard  as  the  bricks.  Every 
brick  chimney  should  be  covered  at  the  top 
with  a  copestone,  an  arched  top,  or  bricks 
placed  over  the  flues,  like  the  rafter  of  a  build- 
ing, for  the  purpose  of  turning  off  the  water 
which  would  go  down  the  inside,  be  absorbed 
by  the  bricks  and  perhaps  soak  through  and 
wet  the  paper  or  kalsomining  on  the  inside.  A 
chimney-top  made  as  above  will  stand  the  influ- 
ences of  the  weather  over  a  hundred  years 
without  repairs. — Industrial  Monthly. 

A  Cheap  Packing.— An  engineer  says  that 
for  packing  for  the  stuffing-boxes  of  pumps  he 
uses  common  wood  shavings  from  a  carpenter's 
bench.  Fill  the  box  well  with  shavings  and 
press  them  down  either  with  a  packing-stick  or 
by  screwing  down  the  valve  once  or  twice. 
The  water  causes  the  shavings  to  swell;  they 
are  found  to  be  effectual  and  durable. 


Qood   (-JE/\ltF[. 


Curious  Antipathies. 

abject  of  sympathies  and  antipathies  is 

[v    curious,     Boyle    minted    when    he 

heard  the  Bplaahingo!  water;  Bcaliger   turned 

pale  at  tin-   sii;ht  of    ..  |  01UB  be- 

cam<  f<  vi  rish  whon  he  saw  a  fish.  A  curious 
story  is  I.. hi  of  a  clergyman,  that  he  always  faint- 
ed when  he  heard  a  certain  verse  in  .1  1 
read.  Zimmerman  tells  us  of  a  lady  wh 
not  endure  tho  touch  of  silk  or  satin,  and 
shudd<  red  when  touching  tin-  velvety  skin  of  a 
peach.  Mr.  Julian  Young  tells  the  story  of  an 
officer  who  could  not  endure  the  sound  of  a 
drum,  and  ultimately  fell  dead  when  compelled 
to  hear  it.  There  ar<  whole  families  who  en- 
tertain a  horror  of  cheese;  on  the  other  hand 
there  was  a  physician,  Dr.  Starke,  of  Edinburg, 
who  lost  his  lift-  by  subsisting  almost  entirely 
upon  it.  Some  people  have  been  unable  to 
take  mutton,  even  when  administered  in  the 
OUCrOSOOpic  form  'f  pills.  There  is  the  case  of 
a  man  falling  down  at  the  smell  of  mutton,  as 
if  bereaved  oi  life,  and  in  strong  convulsions. 
Sir  James  Eyre,  in  his  (well-known  little  book 
mentions  three  curious  instancos  of  idiosynerasy 
— the  case  of  a  gentleman  who  could  not  eat  a 
single  strawberry  with  impunity;  the  case  of 
another,  whose  head  would  become  frightfully 
swollen  if  he  touched  the  smallest  partible  of 
hair;  the  case  of  a  third  who  would  inevitably 
have  an  attack  of  gout  a  few  hours  after  eating 
fish. — Lfjiidon  Sockty. 

Australian  Cube  fob  Soke  TnitoAT. — A  cor- 
respondent of  the  Queenslander  gives  the  follow- 
ing cure  for  sore  throat:  It  cannot  be  too 
generally  known  that  all  forms  of  sore  throat, 
whether  Bimple,  ulcerated,  quinsy,  diptheria, 
scarlet  fever,  or  otherwise,  can  be  either  totally 
cured  or  greatly  alleviated  by  simply  wearing  a 
soft  oil  silk  kerchief  twice  around  the  neck, 
high  up  and  next  the  skin,  especially  if  worn 
at  night  when  the  pain  is  first  felt.  Like 
Naaman  the  Syrian,  people  will  take  any 
trouble  but  the  right  one,  and  fly  to  gargles, 
blisters,  lotions,  pills,  etc.,  and  keep  at  them 
for  a  month  at  a  time;  but  an  old  silk  square — 
why  it's  too  absurd,  and  so  they  hug  their  sore 
throat  and  wonder  why  it  don't  get  better.  Not 
only  does  the  silk  cure  the  sore  throat,  but  it 
prevents  a  recurrence  of  it.  I  was  formerly  a 
martyr  to  quinsy  and  ulcerated  sore  throat,  and 
used  to  have  a  whole  month  of  it  regularly 
every  winter,  and  in  spite,  too,  of  all  the  usual 
battery  of  pills,  gargles,  etc.,  it  run  its  course 
till  I  tried  the  silk;  the  sore  throat  then  took 
the  hint  and  has  left  me  alone  ever  since  as  a 
bad  customer.  I  invariably  killed  it  within  an 
hour  of  any  attempt  it  makes  upon  me ;  an  old 
sore  throat  will  take  a  day  to  cure.  Mind,  I  do 
not  piretend  to  say  that  the  silk  will  euro  fever 
or  any  other  symptom  or  complication  that  may 
accompany  sore  throat,  but  this  I  do  say,  that 
it  will  cure  and  remove  all  pain  and  difficulty 
of  swallowing  in  the  throat  without  the  aid 
of  any  local  remedy,  or  it  will  do  it  in  spite  of 
them,  if  you  do  apply  them  and  it  both,  but, 
without  it,  cure  only  comes  by  nature,  not 
physic,  as  far  as  the  sore  throat  goes;  other 
remedies  are  neither  good  nor  harm,  except  as 
they  keep  you  from  trying  the  infallible  silk. 
— Australian  Paper. 

How  the  Skull  Protects  the  Brain. — A 
child  bears  knocks  which  would  be  fatal  in  old 
age.  This  is  owing  to  the  skull  being  thin, 
uniform  in  texture,  and  elastic,  in  childhood; 
and  to  the  brain  being  of  a  corresponding 
structure.  The  brain  is  at  this  age  soft  to  a 
degree  that  would  be  unnatural  in  mature- 
years.  This  resiliency  of  the  skull,  and  yield- 
ing quality  of  the  brain,  explain  how  the  child 
is  uninjured  by  blows  which  would  be  attended 
with  fatal  concussions  in  after  life.  But  there 
is  also  a  provision  in  adults  for  moderating  the 
effects  of  such  accidents.  In  proportion  as  the 
brain  acquires  firmness  during  growth,  a  gradual 
change  takes  place  in  the  structure  of  the  bones 
of  the  head;  the  protecting  cranium  is  not 
simply  strengthened;  it  is  not  merely  thick- 
ened; the  flat  bones  which  surround  the  brain 
are  split  into  layers,  an  external  and  an  inter- 
nal one.  Those  layers  have  each  a  different 
density,  and  a  softer  substance  than  either  is 
interposed  between  them ;  the  effect  of  which 
is,  to  interrupt  that  vibration  which  would 
otherwise  ring  around  the  skull,  and  reach 
every  molecule  of  the  brain. — Phrenological 
Journal. 

Sleep. — A  sufficient  amount  of  good  refresh- 
ing sleep  is  just  as  necessary  to  the  health  of 
the  body,  as  proper  food  and  sunlight.  No  one 
can  do  well  without  it;  indeed,  he  cannot  do  at 
all,  for  when  one  loses  his  sleep  he  loses  his 
strength  and  power  of  endm'ance  with  it.  It  is 
sleep  that  strengthens  our  bodies  and  repairs 
the  waste  of  our  tissues.  Every  movement  we 
make  during  the  day — every  thought,  ever 
action — is  attended  with  a  loss  of  substance. 
Like  a  mill  running  by  steam  or  by  water,  every 
hour's  work  uses  up  a  certain  quantity  of 
motive  power.  During  the  night,  while  we 
sleep,  this  is  all  replaced,  and  we  wake  feeling 
refreshed  and  new,  and  ready  for  action  again. 
No  matter  how  hard  a  person  may  work,  if  he 
only  gets  a  sufficient  amount  of  sleep,  he  will 
thrive  and  do  well.  If  he  does  not  get  sleep 
enough,  no  matter  how  little  he  works,  he  will 
always  feel  tired  and  uncomfortable.  Sleep  is 
the  great  restorer,  the  great  invigorator.  It  is 
poor  economy  to  steal  an  hour  from  refreshing 
sleep,  with  the  expectation  of  making  a  paying 
thing  of  it. 


Growing  Men. 

Dr.  W.  Holmes  has  shown  what  every  body 
that  we  are,  as  a  race,  deteriorating. 
But  he  has  not  given  us  the  reason  why  the 
New  England  man  grows  smaller  in  bone  and 
muscle.  Chemistry  tells  us  it  is  owing  to  the 
want  of  material  in  tin-  soil  to  produce  bones. 
Much  is  owing  to  our  unnatural  habits  of  life. 
Huoh  to  the  weakness  oi  our  female  sex,  who 
do  anything  but  develop  their  muscular  pow- 
ers. But  the  main  reason  why  the  raeo  deterior- 
ates so  rapidly  in  the  eastern  part  of  New 
England,  is  owing  to  the  hard  granite  soil, 
whirh  does  not  furnish  limestone  BUffidenl  to 
form  the  bones.  Iu  Kentucky,  Ohio  and  West- 
ern Vermont,  men  grow  to  large  sia  because  of 
the  limestone  formation  beneath  the  soil. 
Parts  of  families  have  emigrated  from  Massa- 
chusetts to  limestone  regions,  and  the  result  in 
I  [eneration,  lias  bi  en  a  larger  bone  de- 
velopment in  those  who  left  Massachusetts 
than  those  who  remained.  Kentucky.  Ohio 
and  Iowa  will  grow  great  men.   The  tin.  St  BgUtt  B 

in  the  world  will  be  found  in  the  valley  of  the 
Mississippi  in  a  few  generations.  Indoor 
labor,  so  unnatural  for  men,  will  weaken  the 
vital  powers  and  stop  the  growth  in  large  cities, 
but  the  great  and  glorious  West,  with  its  broad 
prairies,  will  eompinsatt  for  the  growing  feeble- 
ness of  the  Eastern  States. 


Peotkst  of  London  Physh  ians  Apainst  Alco- 
hol.— A  considerable  degree  of  stir  has  been 

produced  in  London  by  the  circulation  of  11 
declaration  from  a  largo  number  of  the  most 
eminent  physicians  of  that  city,  in  regard  to 
alcohol,  in  which  they  state  that,  believing  the 
inconsiderate  prescription  of  large  quantities 
of  alcoholic  liquids  by  medical  men  to  have 
given  rise,  ,in  many  instances,  to  the  founda- 
tion of  intemperate  habits,  they  are  of  the 
opinion  that  noniedieal  practitioner  should  pre- 
scribe them  without  a  grave  sense  of  responsi- 
bility. They  believe  that  alcohol,  in  whatever 
form,  should  be  prescribed  with  as  much  care 
as  any  powerful  drug,  and  that  the  directions 
should  be  accompanied  by  the  understanding 
that  its  use  is  not  to  be  interpreted  as  a  sanc- 
tion of  excess,  or  for  the  countenance  of  its  use 
when  the  occasion  is  past.  They  also  state 
that  many  people  immensely  exaggerate  the 
value  of  alcohol  as  an  article  of  diet;  and  hold 
that  every  practitioner  is  bound  to  exert  his 
utmost  influence  to  inculcate  great  modera- 
tion in  the  use  of  alcoholic  liquids.  Being  also 
firmly  convinced  that  the  large  amount  of  alco- 
holic drinking  is  one  of  the  greatest  evils  of  the 
day,  they  urge  the  utmost  caution  against  doing 
anything,  either  in  their  character  as  physi- 
cians or  citizens,  to  extend  its  use. 


Perspiration. — The  amount  of  liquid  matter 
which  passes  through  the  microscopical  tubes 
of  the  skin  in  twenty-four  hours,  in  an  adult 
person  of  sound  health,  is  about  sixteen  fluid 
ounces,  or  one  pint.  One  ounce  of  the  sixteen 
is  the  solid  matter  made  up  of  organic  and  in- 
organic  substances,  which  if  allowed  to  remain 
in  the  system  for  a  brief  space  of  time  would 
cause  death.  The  rest  is  water.  Beside  the 
water  and  solid  matter,  a  large  amount  of  car- 
bonic acid,  a  gaseous  body,  passes  through  the 
tubes;  so  we  cannot  fail  to  understand  that  they 
are  active  workers,  and  also  we  cauot  fail  to 
see  the  importance  of  keeping  them  in  perfect 
working  order,  removing  obstructions  by  fre- 
quent application  of  water  or  by  some  other 
means.  Suppose  we  obstruct  the  functions  of 
the  skin  perfectly  by  varnishing  a  person  com- 
pletely with  a  compound  impervious  to  moist- 
ure. How  long  will  he  Live?  Not  over  six 
hours.  The  experiment  was  once  tried  in  Flor- 
ence. Pope  Leo,  the  Tenth,  on  the  occasion 
of  his  accesiou  to  the  Papal  chair,  wished  to 
have  a  living  figure  to  represent  the  Golden 
Age  and  so  he  gilded  a  poor  child  all  over  with 
varnish  and  gold  leaf.  The  child  died  in  a  few 
hours.  If  the  fur  of  a  rabbit  or  the  skin  of  a 
pig  be  covered  with  a  solution  of  India  rubber 
iu  Naptha,  the  animal  ceases  to  breathe  in  two 
hours. — Journal  of  Chemistry. 

Death  in  the  Pipe. — A  correspondent  who 
recently  visited  an  English  tobacco  dealer,  was 
attracted  by  a  sample  of  which  that  looked  like  a 
superior  quality  of  Cavendish  tobacco.  The 
dealer  remarked,  "what  do  you  think  of  that?" 
The  correspondent  replied  ",that  he  thought  it 
looked  nice  and  asked  where  it  came  from." 
"From  New  York,"  was  the  reply.  "It's  a 
weed  that  grows  wild.  It  is  not  tobacco  at  all, 
they  tell  me."  "Does  it  sell?"  asked  the 
other.  "It  seems  to  suit  the  public  taste," 
answered  he,  "  for  we  sell  a  good  deal  of  it." 

Coubious  Accidents. — The  following  de- 
scribed occurrences  show  how  trifling  a  matter 
will  sometimes  result  in  serious  accidents  to 
the  human  system:  The  Waranga,  (N.  S.  W.) 
Chronicle  reports  that  a  man  feeling  an  ant  on 
his  back,  in  endeavoring  to  drive  it  away,  dis- 
located his  shoulder.  The  Gipps  Land  Mercury 
states  that  a  Mr.  Day,  of  Bairnsdale,  while  in 
the  act  of  pulling  of  his  boot,  fractured  the 
bone  of  one  of  his  legs. 

Excellent  Tooth  Paste. — Suds  of  castile 
soap  and  spirits  of  camphor,  of  each  an  equal 
quantity,  thicken  with  pulverized  chalk  and 
charcoal,  to  a  thick  paste.  Apply  with  the 
finger  or  brush. 

Cundhrango  has  long  been  known  to  bota- 
nists, as  reported  by  Dr.  Scherzer.  It  is  used, 
in  Guaco,  in  infusion  or  extract  of  the  leaves 
for  snake-bites,  hydrophobia  and  cholera. 


216 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  6,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER SZNIOB  EDITOR. 


DEWEY  «te  CO.,  Ftiblisliers. 


A.  T.  DEWET, 
W.  B.  EWER, 


GEO.  H.  STRONG, 
JNO.  L.  BOONE. 


Office,  No.  338  Monteomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  irom 
■Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advebtistng  Rates.— 1  week,   lmtrnlh.    3monOis.   li/rar. 

per  line     25  .80  $2.00         $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3  00  7.60       ««0.00 

Oneinch 2.00  6.00  14.00  38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subsobiptions  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4: 
six  months,  $2.60;  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  IK  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3s.;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion, 1b.  ;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Largo  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates.  


San  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  April  6,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Hates. 
San    Francisco,    Wednesday,    April  3,    3872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying,  91  % ;  selling,  SI  % .    Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  110«. 


Table  of  Contents. 

Editorials.— Important  to  Mine  and  Ditch  Owners. 
209  The  Region  of  the  Late  Earthqunke.  216 
The  Late  Earthquake;  Notices  of  Recent  Patents; 
The  Coining  Centennial  Anniversary;  California  Ma- 
chinery for  Colorado,  217.  Academy  of  Sciences. 
220. 

Illustrations—  Brown's  Pnteut  Stop  Valves,  20?. 
Sugar  Mite;  Itch  Insect,  217- 

Correspondence.— Notes  of  Travel  in  Nevada  County: 
Mining  in  Inyo  County,  210. 

Mechanical  Progress— Light  vs.  Heavy  Shafting: 
Boiler  Explosions;  Compensating  Compass;  A  New 
Eire-Proof  Composition;  New  Procees  of  Obtaining 
Iron  and  Steel;  Etc.,  211. 

Scientific  Progress.— Variation  of  Co'or  in  Birds  with 
the  Locality;  Fave's  View  of  the  Physical  Condition 
of  the  Sun;  New  Reducing  Agent;  Tungsten  Colors; 
Spectrum  of  the  Fire-Fly,  Etc.,  211. 

Mining  Summary—  Reports  from  Mines  in  various 
StateB,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Direc- 
tory, 214- 

Miscellaneous.— The  Hot  Springs  and  Geysers  of  Mon  ■ 
tana.  214-  Senator  Cole's  Land  Bill;  Meetings  and 
Elections;  New  Incorporations,  217- 

Useful  Information.— Utilizing  Insects  in  India;  Hints 
to  Manufacturers;  Oiling  and  Blacking  Harness;  What 
iB  Fermentation  ?  Mechanical  Hints.— To  Make  Su 
perior  Lath:  How  to  Build  Brick  Chimney-tops;  A 
Cheap  Cellar  Bottom,  215. 

Good  Health. -Curious  Antipathies;  How  the  Skul! 
Protects  the  Brain;  Growing  Men;  Perspiratio  ';  Pro- 
test of  London  Physicians  Against  Alcohol.  215. 

Domestto  Economy.  -Crumbs  of  Piecrust— The  Grum- 
bler; How  to  Make  Good  B-ead;  Know  How  to  Live; 
How  Summer  Suits  Should  be  Washed,  etc.,  218. 


Sales. — The  "Brown's  Hope"  mine  in 
Lida  Valley,  Inyo  county,  has  been  sold  to 
Messrs.  Hiskey  &  Walker  for  $5,000. 

The  Placerville  Republican  reports  the 
sale  of  the  St.  Lawrence  claim  of  Buel, 
Bateman  &  Co.,  situated  about  six  miles 
north  of  Placerville,  in  Kelsey  township. 
No  figures  are  given  but  the  amount  is 
probably  large  as  the  mill  on  the  property 
cost  the  proprietors  $50,000  alone,  and  the 
mine  is  pronounced  a  good  one. 

The  Davenport  lode  in  Little  Cotton- 
wood, U.  T.,  is  reported  as  sold  for  $125,- 
000. 

A  dispatch  received  here  on  the  4th  inst. 
says  that  it  is  stated  on  reliable  authority 
that  the  Eureka  Company's  property  in 
Tintic  District,  TJ.  T.,  has  been  sold  to 
English  capitalists  for  $720,000. 

A  Handy  Book. — We  have  received  from 
John  Taylor  &  Co.,  512  and  514  Washing 
ton  street,  a  neatly  bound  volume  con- 
taining tables  showing  the  value  of  silver 
and  gold  per  ounce  Troy  of  different  de- 
grees of  fineness.  It  has  also  a  number 
of  other  convenient  tables  for  the  use  of 
assayers,  among  them  one  showing  the 
amount  of  gold  and  silver,  in  ounces  and 
fractions,  contained  in  one  ton  of  ore,  of 
2,000  pounds,  from  the  weight  of  bull- 
ion obtained  in  an  assay  of  20  grammes  of 
ore.  . 

Change  of  Address. — Samuel  Pelton,  in- 
ventor of  Pelton's  improved  horse-power 
has  removed  from  Marysville  and  may  be 
addressed  Box  1732  in  this  city. 

A  Company  has  been  incorporated  in 
Portland,  Oregon,  to  work  the  galena 
mines  on  the  Sautian  river. 

The  Baltimore  copper  mine,  in  Fresno 
county,  is  to  be  re-opened  and  worked. 


The  Region  of  the  Late  Earthquake. 

The  late  remarkable  earthquake  in  Inyo 
County  will  no  doubt  attract  the  attention 
of  the  world  to'thatlocality,  and  any  points 
concerning  its  geological  formation, 
appearance,  characteristics,  etc.,  will  be  of 
interest.  Mr.  Henry  G.  Hanks,  who  re- 
sided in  that  part  of  the  country  for  a 
number  of  years,  has  given  us  a  few  notes, 
the  result  of  his  personal  observation, 
which  give  a  very  good  idea  of  the  vol- 
canic nature  of  a  region  of  which  but 
little  is  known. 

Those  who  have  visited  Owen's  Valley 
have  been  struck  with  the  strongly  marked 
evidences  of  intense  and  comparatively  re- 
cent volcanic  action  for  a  hundred 
miles  north  and  south  of  Lone  Pine.  As 
far  north  as  Owen's  Lake  very  ancient 
outflows  of  lava  form  the  surface  of  the 
country.  The  valley  in  which  this  lake  is 
situated,  is  a  circular  basin  about  fifty 
miles  in  diameter,  surrounded  by  low 
mountains.  The  body  of  water,  which  is 
about  25  miles  long,  lies  near  the  south- 
east side.  Near  the  lake  is  a  re- 
markable mountain,  which  from  a  dis- 
tance seems  to  be  loose  sand,  but  which  on 
a  close  examination  proves  to  be  volcanic 
ashes  and  pumice,  a  disintegrated  por- 
tion of  which  forms  the  soil  of  the  valley 
in  which  it  is  situated.  Pieces  of  pumice 
are  sometimes  seen  floating  in  the  lake  or 
thrown  by  the  winds  and  tide  upon  its 
shores.  Great  boulders  and  masses  of 
obsidian  are  found  in  the  vicinity,  while 
small  angular  fragments  are  scattered 
through  the  loose  alkaline  soil. 

That  the  lake  once  filled  the  whole  val- 
ley seems  to  be  proved  by  the  fact  that 
water  marks  are  seen  along  the  base  of  the 
surrounding  mountains,  and  banks  won- 
derfully formed  by  the  ancientlake,  are  seen 
in  successive  terraces  approaching  the 
present  level  of  the  water. 

The  waters  of  the  lake  are  strongly  alka- 
line and  very  offensive  both  to  taste  and 
smell.  The  odor  arising  from  them  is 
that  of  the  refuse  of  soap  works.  The  hot 
spring  at  Benton  which  by  a  bold  sacri- 
lege is  conducted  almost  boiling  through 
a  flume  and  compelled  to  turn  the  wheel 
of  a  quartz  mill,  and  the  remarkable  ther- 
mal spring  which  gushes  in  a  broad  stream 
from  the  foothills  in  Adobe  meadows  are 
evidences  of  latent  volcanic  action. 

Let  two  or  more  intelligent  observers 
express  their  opinion  of  this  locality  in 
ordinary  conversation  and  they  would 
soon  be  unanimous  in  the  opinion  that 
Mono  Lake  valley  is  in  itself  a  volcanic 
crater  and  that  all  of  the  volcanic  rocks 
seem  on  every  side  had  their  origin  in  it. 
From  its  margin,  in  every  direction  except 
west,  streams  of  lava  have  flowed  across 
hills  and  plain.  For  many  miles  the 
whole  country  is  covered  with  blocks  of 
lava,  pumice,  obsidian  and  trap.  During 
the  eruption,  valleys  were  filled  up  and 
what  were  formerly  mountain  tops,  are 
now  outliers,  projecting  like  islands  above 
the  frozen  sea  of  lava. 

In  some  localities  since  this  action 
ceased,  denudation  has  taken  place,  deep 
gorges  and  canons  have  been  cut  by  water 
and  in  some  cases  new  hills  have  been 
formed,  capped  in  every  case  with  the  an- 
cient lava.  Other  beds  of  pumice  of 
more  recent  origin  flowed  across  the 
country  in  a  southeasterly  direction,  cross- 
ing Adobe  meadows,  and  the  hills  forming 
Black  lake  valley  and  entering  Owens'  val- 
ley at  Whisky  Flat.  It  seems  to  have  been 
formed  by  two  eruptions  of  different  ages. 
It  is  a  sort  of  breccia.  A  stream  of  pale 
yellow  lava  or  pumice  seems  to  have 
flowed  over  boulders  of  a  darker  colored 
variety,  washed  from  an  older  deposit, 
surrounding  without  fusing  them  and  the 
whole  congealing  into  a  breccia  or  con- 
glomerate. Throughout  the  mass  are 
small  rounded  nodules  of  a  nearly  trans- 
parent obsidian  and  angular  fragments  of 


a  darker  colored  and  nearly  opaque  vari- 
ety. This  formation  extends  nearly  to 
the  foot  of  the  White  mountains.  At 
Adobe  Meadows  a  stream  of  water  has  cut 
through  it  at  a  point  where  it  is  several 
hundred  feet  thick.  The  soil  of  Adobe 
Meadows  is  formed  entirely  of  this  for- 
mation. Its  color  is  the  same,  and  a  mi- 
croscopical examination  shows  its  com- 
position to  be  identical. 

About  nine  or  ten  miles  above  Camp 
Independence  are  a  number  of  volcanic 
cones  which  have  every  appearance  of  hav- 
ing been  in  recent  action.  "The  Volcano" 
is  a  cone  which  stands  in  the  valley  apart 
from  the  Sierras.  This  cone  has  evident- 
ly formed  itself.  I  have  never  been  to  the 
summit  although  I  have  often  wondered  at 
the  immense  outflow  of  lava  which  has 
congealed  upon  its  sides.  From  all  these 
cones,  black  pathways  to  the  valley  reveal 
the  course  of  the  lava  streams  which  must 
have  spread  devastation  and  ruin  in  their 
wake.  On  the  Inyo  side  a  single  crater 
appears,  from  which,  however,  an  aston- 
ishing quantity  of  lava  has  been  thrown 
out. 

The  waters  of  Owens  river  which  flow 
down  from  the  high  Sierras  as  pure  as  the 
snows  that  give  them  birth,  begin  to  col- 
lect the  soluble  salts  from  the  decomposing 
lavas  even  before  they  reach  the  level  of 
the  valley,  as  the  stream  has  cut  a  deep 
canon  through  the  peculiar  lava  before 
mentioned,  which  is  several  hundred  feet 
deep.  During  the  summer,  when  the 
freshets  occur  and  the  rain  overflows  its 
banks,  minature  lakes  are  formed,  which, 
drying  as  the  waters  return  to  the  channel, 
deposit  an  incrustation  of  alkali  and  salt 
which  gleams  in  the  bright  and  fervid  sun- 
shine like  patches  of  snow.  At  Black 
Bocks  the  waters  which  burst  out  from 
under  the  lava  are  nauseous  and  alkaline. 
This  alkaline  solution  mixes  with  the  al- 
ready contaminated  waters  of  the  river  and 
increases  its  impurity.  When  it  reaches 
the  barrier  which  checks  its  further  flow, 
the  waters  spread  out  and  form  Owens' 
Great  Lake.  The  river  is  extremely 
crooked.  In  traversing  84  miles  of  lati- 
tude it  flows  hundreds  of  miles,  so  circuit- 
ous is  its  course.  Every  mile  adds  to  its 
impurity  until  it  deposits  its  collected 
salts  in  the  lake.  The  heat  of  the  sun 
maintains  an  irregular  equilibrium.  The 
water  soon  becomes  saturated  and  supersat- 
urated and  deposits  the  matter  it  can  hold 
no  longer  in  solution,  in  the  form  of  a  re- 
markable travertine,  which  coats  the  rocks 
and  grows  like  coral  upon  any  object 
which  offers  itself  as  a  nucleus. 

The  waters  of  the  lake  are  remarkable, 
having  a  specific  gravity  of  1.060  with  the 
appearance  of  a  thin  yellowish  oil.  An 
analysis  shows  it  to  consist  of  potash  and 
soda  with  a  trace  of  magnesia,  and  sul- 
phuric acid  and  chlorine  with  traces  of 
boracic,  phosphoric,  silicic  and  hydrosul- 
phuric  acids. 

There  is  a  remarkable  similarity  be 
tween  this  lake  and  the  Dead  Sea,  not 
only  in  the  lake  itself,  but  its  surround- 
ings. 

From  the  foot  of  Owen's  Lake  to  Haiwee 
meadows  the  distance  is  14  miles.  There 
is  nothing  remarkable  or  characteristic  at 
this  point  besides  a  small  extent  of  grass 
land  and  a  stream  of  brackish  water;  but 
the  evidences  of  recent  volcanic  action  are 
seen  on  every  side.  It  is  difficult  to  put 
aside  the  idea  that  Owen's  river  formerly 
ran  through  this  region,  and  that  some 
terrible  convulsion  of  nature  has  lifted 
the  walls  which  shut  off  its  flow  and  caused 
the  lake  to  spread  out.  This  seems  to  be 
one  of  the  centers  of  a  wide  spread  action, 
which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  the 
deserts  of  the  Great  Basin.  This  must 
have  been  comparatively  recent,  for 
Owen's  river  valley  was  formed  before  the 
age  of  the  mastodon  and  the  extinct 
species  of  horse,  the  remains  of  which 
have  been  found  in  digging  wells.     There 


is  reason  to  believe  that  before  the  erup- 
tion, or  age  of  eruptions  occurred,  that 
Owen's  Valley  was  as  fertile  and  its  waters 
as  sweet  as  those  of  the  To  Semite  or  any 
other  mountain  valley  in  the  Sierras.  All 
the  volcanic  deposits  I  observed  seemed 
superficial.  There  is  nothing  to  indicate 
that  the  Inyo  mountains  owe  their  origin 
to  this  or  any  similar  cause. 

Between  Haiwee  meadows  and  Little  lake 
there  is  a  large  volcano  which  stands  prom- 
inent in  a  wide  plain  from  which  in  every 
direction  streams  of  lava  have  run.  This 
cone  is  intensely  red  in  color,  which  is  due 
probably  to  the  oxidatio  nof  the  ferrugin- 
ous matter  thrown  out  during  its  erup- 
tions. 

During  several  years  residence  in  that 
county  I  did  not  experience  any  earth- 
quakes of  magnitude.  But  one  occurred 
several  years  ago  in  the  mountains  near 
the  head  waters  of  Kern  river,  which  was 
very  similar.  I  think  an  account  of  it  was 
published  at  the  tini^.  The  shocks  were 
very  violent  and  often  repeated.  Those 
who  were  there  describe  the  scene  as  one 
of  terror.  Large  boulders  were  detached 
from  the  mountain  sides  and  rolled  into 
the  valley  below.  The  ground  was  in  al- 
most constant  vibration  for  several  hours. 
From  what  I  know  of  the  country  I  should 
not  be  surprised  to  hear  of  some  of  the 
ancient  volcanoes  bursting  into  a  state 
of  eruption  at  any  time. 


Death  of  Professor  Morse. 

The  telegraph,  like  a  son  carrying  the 
news  of  the  death  of  a  father,  has  brought 
us  the  intelligence  that  Samuel  Finley 
Breese  Morse,  the  inventor  of  telegraphy, 
died  in  New  York  on  the  2d  inst.  The 
death  of  Prof.  Morse  has  been  hourly  ex- 
pected for  some  days.  The  benefit  of  the 
invention  which  was  created  by  his  fertile 
brain,  to  the  civilization  and  progress  of 
the  world  at  large  can  never  be  calculated, 
and  the  personal  distinction  achieved  by 
its  success  has  been  a  subject  of  congratu- 
lation to  the  people  of  the  United  States. 
His  name  is  well  worthy  of  being  placed 
at  the  head  of  the  list  of  benefactors  to 
mankind  and  will  no  doubt  exist  in  the 
memory  of  man  as  long  as  history  shall 
remain. 

Prof.  Morse  was  born  in  Oharlestown, 
Mass.,  April  27th,  1791,  and  had  almost 
finished  his  eighty-first  year  at  the  time  of 
his  decease.  He  was  the  son  of  Jedediah 
Morse,  a  clergyman  and  geographer,  known 
as  the  father  of  American  geography.  He 
graduated  from  Yale  College  in  1810,  and 
sailed  for  London  in  1811,  to  study  paint- 
ing, where  he  succeeded  well  in  his  pro- 
fession. In  1813  he  received  the  gold 
medal  of  the  Adelphi  Society  of  Arts  for  a 
plaster  model  of  "Dying  Hercules  "  taken 
from  an  original  painting  of  his  own.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  1815,  and 
became  subsequently  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  National  Academy  of  Design,  being 
its  first  president.  In  1829  he  paid  an- 
other visit  to  Europe  and  returned  in 
1832.  A  fellow  passenger  on  his  return 
trip,  Prof.  C.  T.  Jackson,  was  describing 
the  experiments  that  had  just  been  made 
in  Paris  with  the  electro-magnet,  when  a 
question  arose  as  to  the  time  occupied  by 
the  electric  fluid  passing  through  the  wire. 
The  reply  being  made  that  it  was  instanta- 
neous, Jackson  suggested  that  it  might  be 
carried  to  any  distance  and  that  the  elec- 
tric spark  might  be  made  a  means  of  con- 
veying intelligence.  This  suggestion  took 
deep  hold  of  Morse,  who  proposed  to  de- 
velop the  idea;  and  before  the  voyage  was 
over  he  had  drawn  out  the  general  plan  of 
the  system  known  by  his  name. 

It  was  not  until  four  years  afterwards 
that  he  succeeded  in  fully  demonstrating 
his  theory  upon  a  wire  half  a  mile  long.  Con- 
gress voted  him  $30,000  to  enable  him  to 
carry  out  his  views  and,  in  1844  he  saw 
the  realization  of  his  hopes  in  the  perfect 


April  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


217 


working  of  a  wire  40  miles  long,  which 
hod  boon  constructed  between  Baltimore 
and  Washington.  Honors  have  been  free- 
ly showered  upon  til  t  of  American 
inventors  both  at  home  and  abroad.  He 
was  a  member  of  a  number  of  Amerioan 
and  European  scientific  and  art  associations. 
and  medals  and  crosses  have  boon  pre- 
sented to  him  by  many  European  rulers. 
The  most  distinguished  tribute  ever  paid 
him  was  by  ton  European  governments 
combined— those  of  France,  Russia,  Swed- 
en, Belgium,  Holland,  Austria,  Sardinia, 
Tuscany,  the  Holy  See  and  Turkey, 
whose  representatives  assemhledin  Paris 
at  tho  instance  of  Emperor  Napoleon  to 
consider  the  best  moans  of  giving  him  a 
collective  testimonial,  which  resulted  iu  a 
vote  of  400,000  francs  as  "an  honorary  and 
porsonal  reward  to  Mr.  Morse  for  his  use- 
ful labors." 

Professor  Morse  lived  to  see  tho  system 
he  invented  adopted  in  every  portion  of 
the  globe,  bringing  its  most  distant  parts 
within  speaking  distance  of  each  other, 
and  all  the  nations  of  the  world  have  vied 
in  doing  him  honor.  Like  all  inventors  ho 
experienced  considerable  troublo  in  bring- 
ing his  method  before  the  people, but  when 
it  was  once  understood  its  vast  importance 
was  at  once  recognized  and  it  has  been 
ever  since  one  of  tho  greatest  of  educators, 
the  chief  aid  of  commerce,  the  highest  con- 
venience of  civilization,  and  one  which 
revolutionized  tho  entire  business  of  the 
world.  He  has  gone  from  us,  not  like  a 
meteor  in  a  wild  blaze  of  transient  brillian- 
cy; but  in  tho  full  effulgence  and  glory, 
of  honors  as  enduring  as  the  world. 


The  Late  Earthquake. 

The  earthquake  which  occurred  on  the  2Gth 
ult.  was  felt  the  whole  length  of  California  and 
as  far  inland  as  Winneniucca.  The  shock 
though  comparatively  a  light  one  in  this  city, 
was  one  of  the  most  severo  on  record  in  other 
localities,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most  widely 
diffused.  A  great  variety  of  opinion  is  express- 
ed as  to  the  intensity,  and  in  the  numerous  de- 
scriptions much  discrepancy  exists  concerning 
the  duration.  The  center  or  initial  point  of  the 
shock  seems  to  have  been  at  Lone  Pine,  in  Inyo 
County,  the  center  of  a  mining  district  of  that 
name,  situated  on  the  western  base  of  the  Inyo 
Mountains  not  far  east  of  Mount  Whitney. 
The  country  in  which  it  is  located  is  undoubt- 
edly of  wlcanic  origin  and  abounds  with  evi- 
dences of  comparatively  recent  volcanic  action. 
From  facts  elicited  by  the  late  "  temblor  "  it  is 
reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  Kem  or  Inyo  re- 
gion is  the  seat  of  tho  greatest  energy  of  the  fail- 
ing volcanic  forces  which  raised  the  Sierra  Neva- 
das  and  covered  the  surface  of  the  country  with 
the  evidences  of  its  power. 

The  phenomena  which  occurred  in  that  region 
were  of  the  most  appalling  kind  and  some 
twenty  three  persons  were  killed  and  thirty  in- 
jured by  the  falling  buildings.  Eye  witnesses 
describe  the  scene  in  a  manner  which  leaves  no 
doubt  of  the  power  of  the  shock,  and  makes  it 
a  subject  of  congratulation  that  this  city  with 
its  thousands  of  inhabitants,  lofty  brick  build- 
ings, and  crowded  houses,  was  so  far  from  the 
center  of  disturbance.  It  is  said  that  an  instant 
after  the  shock  occurred  at  Lone  Pine  (about 
half  past  two  in  the  morning)  not  a  building 
was  left  standing.  The  houses  appeared  to 
crumble  away  and  fall  into  ruins.  Cries  for 
help  from  the  wounded  filled  the  ah-,  and  shock 
succeeded  shock,  added  to  the  already  over- 
whelming fright  of  the  people  who  had  escaped 
the  first  disastrous  effects.  Different  accounts 
place  the  number  of  shocks  all  the  way  from 
500  to  1,000,  and  it  is  asserted  that  each  was  in 
variably  accompanied  by  an  appalling  noise,  the 
reverberations  of  which  through  the  moun- 
tains were  as  terrific  as  the  noise  itself.  It 
sounded  like  the  thundering  explosion  of  a 
thousand  heavy  cannon  tired  at  the  same  time. 
It  seemed  to  be  directly  under  foot,  and  at  In- 
dependence the  noise  could  be  heard  advancing 
from  Lone  Pine,  and  as  the  shock  came  on, 
thousands  of  huge  rocks  tumbled  from  the 
crags  on  either  hand  and  crashed  into  the  ra- 
vines and  upon  the  edges  of  the  valley  below. 

Big  Owens  Lake  is  said  to  have  risen  some 
four  feet,  and  the  Owens  river  overflowed  its 
banks,  whilst  Little  Owens  Lake,  24  feet  in 
depth,  has  entirely  dried  up.  The  earth  is 
cracked  and  seamed  in  many  places,  and  old 
springs  dried  up,  while  new  ones  were  crea- 
ted. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained 
through  Dewey  &  Co's.  Scientific  Tress 
American  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the 
following  are  worthy  of  mention: 

Machine  fob  Faixtixo  Wide  Cloth.— 
Samuel  Graves,  S.  F.  Tho  object  of  this 
invention  is  to  provido  a  machine  by 
which  fibrous  substances,  and  wire  cloth 
especially,  can  be  rapidly  and  thoroughly 
painted.  It  consists  in  passing  tho  long 
strips  of  cloth  from  a  reel,  through  a  bath 
of  paint  whore  it  is  thoroughly  coated,  and 
thence  between  one  or  more  sets  of  elastic 
rollers  which  squeeze  out  all  superfluous 
paint  from  tha  meshes,  but  leave  the  wire 
thoroughly  coated. 

I'i  kuotation  Lock. — Win.  C.  Bussey, 
S.  F.,  Cal.  The  objeot  of, this  invention  is 
to  provido  an  improvement  in  that  class 
of  looks  which  are  commonly  employed 
for  safes  and  bank-vaults.  It  is  called  a 
detached  cylinder  lock,  and  consists  mainly 
in  the  employment  of  operating  devices 
which  ronder  it  possible  to  remove  the 
lock  to  a  considerable  distance  from  tho 
knob,  and  also  iu  tho  use  of  novel  devices 
between  the  knob  and  the  lock  proper  by 
which  the  combination  is  set  and  operated. 
An  elastic  connection  is  employed  so  that 
it  will  bo  impossible  to  tamper  with  the 
lock  from  the  outside. 

Brick  Kiln. — Francis  F.  Boudrye,  S.  F., 
Cal.  The  object  of  this  invention  is  to 
provide  such  an  arrangement  of  the  lines 
of  bricks  and  the  conducting  passages  for 


THE     SUGAR     MITE. 

heat,  that  all  parts  of  the  kiln  shall  be  ex- 
posed uniformly  to  the  heat  and  thereby 
the  burning  and  spoiling  of  many  brick  in 
every  kiln  is  avoided. 

Improvement  in  Traction  Engines. — 
W.  W.  Hansoom,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This 
invention  relates  mainly  to  improvements 
in  applying  power  to  the  wheels  of  trac- 
tion engines  so  that  all  gearing  and  com- 
plicated machinery  are  dispensed  with. 
It  consists  in  the  employment  of  hy- 
draulic pumps  which  are  operated  by 
means  of  steam  cylinders.  The  hydraulic 
cylinders  which  are  operated  by  the  pumps 
are  connected  directly  with  cranks,  which 
ore  fixed  upon  the  axles  or  wheel  centers, 
and  in  such  positions  as  to  have  no  dead 
point.  The  whole  mechanism  is  much 
simplified. 

Submarine,  and  Othek  Walls. — Wm. 
H.  Foye,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This  inven- 
tion relates  mainly  to  an  improved  method 
of  constructing  walls,  by  which  a  system 
of  ground  and  vertical  rods  are  employed 
which  guide  and  assist  in  placing  the 
stoues,  and  also  serve  to  retain  them 
firmly  in  place  after  they  are  there.  It 
also  relates  to  a  device  for  attaching  a 
cornice  when  employed  upon  buildings. 


Microscopic  Wonders. 

The  uses  and  advantages  of  the  microscope 
crowd  upon  us  iu  such  profusion  that  a  volume 
would  be  required  to  merely  enumerate  them. 
There  is  uo  department  of  science,  artor  manu- 
factures for  the  benefit  of  which  it  is  not  called 
into  requisition.  It  is  no  longer  a  costly  tuy, 
as  ai  its  first  introduction,  but  it  is  a  genuine 
and  practical  aid  to  man  iu  almost  every  re- 
search or  employment  in  which  he  is  engaged. 

Perhaps  in  no  direction  Las  its  wonder-re- 
vealing powers  been  more  rally  exhibited  than 
intheworldofmioroscopiolife  which  it  has  made 
known  to  us.  Equally  interesting  and  useful 
is  tho  assistance  whieli  it  has  rendered  in  the 
study  of  the  various  orders  of  insects,  not  strictly 
microscopical,  but  whose  minuteness  rendered 
any  practical  study  of  their  structure,  habits, 
etc.,  utterly  impossible. 

There  is  a  class  of  insects  known  as  Aourus, 
commonly  called  mites,  and  belonging  to  the 
spider  family,  a  more  accurate  knowledge  of 
which,  than  can  be  obtained  by  tho  naked  eye, 
is  almost  indispensable  to  man,  in  his  present 
advanced  social  condition.  We  allude  to  the 
parasitical  insects  which  so  seriously  interfere 
with  him  by  their  depredations  upon  his  food, 
his  domestic  animals,  the  feathered  friends  by 
which  he  is  surrounded  and  most  of  the  vegeta- 
bles, etc.,  which  he  cultivates,  and  eveu  with 
his  own  person. 

We  have  herewith  figured  two  of  these  in- 
sects, the  Acarus  saccliari,  found  in  unrefined 
or  raw  sugar,  and  the  Acarus  scabki,  sometimes 
found  under  the  human  skin  in  the  pustules  of 
a  well  known  cutaneous  disease.  There  are, 
besides  these,  great  numbers  of  simdar  in- 
sects, some  one  of  which  ispeculiar  to  nearly  or 
quite  every  quadruped  or  feathered  creature. 
A  microscopical  knowledge  of  the  physical 
constitution,  habits  etc.,  of  such  insects  is 


Little  and  Big  Cottonwood  Districts,  in 
Utah  are  still  covered  with  snow.  The 
Emma  and  other  mines  are  working,  how- 
ever, with  full  sets  of  hands  and  good 
prospects. 

Wheat  Shipment. — The  large  ship,  Adriatic, 
cleared  for  England  this  week  with  3,300  tons 
of  wheat,  the  heaviest  shipment  this  season. 
The  "Glory  of  the  Seas  "  earned  3,200  tons. 
The  total  shipment  since  the  1st  of  July 
amounts  to  1,162,000  centals  against  3,500,000 
centals  for  the  same  time  last  year, 


THE     ITCH     INSECT. 

almost  indispensable  in  enabling  us  to  rid  our- 
selves and  our  domesticated  friends  of  their 
annoyances,  which  if  not  arrested  often  lead 
to  fatal  and  most  destructive  results. 

Many  people  were  much  startled  by  the  re- 
ports of  the  immense  number  of  mites  found 
in  raw  or  unrefined  sugar,  when  their  presence 
was  first  announced  by  Dr.  Hassel  in  1868.  The 
Dr.  found  them  in  no  less  than  69  out  of  72  sam- 
ples of  sugar  examined;  but  he  did  not  detect 
them  in  a  single  specimen  of  refined  sugar. 
The  conditions  of  refined  sugar  are  doubtless 
unfitted  to  their  existence  therein.  In  one  sam- 
ple of  raw  sugar  he  found  no  less  than  500 
mites  in  10  grains ;  equivalent  to  100,000  in  a 
single  pound!  When  they  are  present  in  great 
numbers  they  may  sometimes  be  detected  by  a 
good  eye,  unaided  by  a  glass — appearing  like 
little  white  specks.  The  "  Grocer's  itch  "  is 
caused  by  transference  of  these  mites  to  the 
human  skin.     Mem. — Don't  eat  raw  sugar. 

A  mere  sight  of  the  picture  of  the  ugly  look- 
ing little  fellow  which  we  have  placed  by  the 
side  of  the  Aearus  sacchari,  will  probably  be  all 
our  readers  will  care  for,  at  this  time,  and  we 
will  not  inflict  them  with  any  further  reference. 

This  class  of  insects  have  a  rounded  oval 
body,  without  the  usual  division  between  the 
head  and  body.  They  usually  have  four  pairs 
of  legs.  Perhaps  the  most  familiar  type  of 
this  class  of  insects  is  the  common  head  louse — 
Pedieule  Capitis,  and  the  insect  which  infests 
the  common  barn-yard  fowl— more  easily  de- 
tected on  the  head  or  under  the  wings  of  very 
young  chickens. 

One  of  the  cheapest  microsoopes  extant  is 
that  advertised  in  another  column,  and  known 
as  Craig's  microscope.  This  instrument  will 
do  very  well  for  beginners,  or  for  cultivating  a 
taste  for  such  studies;  but  we  cannot  recom- 
mend it  as  a  very  affective  instrument  for  prac- 
tical study. 


The  Coming  Centennial  Anniversary. 

Mr.  John  Graham,  of  this  city,  has  received 
a  letter  from  Judge  J.  D.  Creigh,  the  California 
delegate  to  the  Commission  which  was  called  to 
meet  1  Philadelphia  for  the  purpose  of  making 
arrangements  for  the  approaching  Centennial 
anniversary  of  our  National  Independence. 
From  a  perusal  of  that  letter  we  infer  that  tho 
1  reparations  indicate  that  the  event  will  be 
made  one  of  greater  magnitude  than  anything  of 
tho  kind  which  has  yet  entered  into  the  civil 
history  of  any  nation  on  tho  globe. 

Tho  Commission,  which  consisted  of  twenty- 
seven  members,  has  held  several  sessions,  and 
has  selected  as  a  site  for  the  celebration,  the 
well  known  locality  of  Fairmount  Park,  upon 
which  will  be  erected  a  main  building  which 
will  cover  about  50  acres  of  ground!  The  build- 
ing will  consist  entirely  of  iron  and  glass  and 
will  cost  about  seven  and  a  lutlf  millons  of  doUarsl 
Other  minor  and  special  buildings  will  also  be 
erected.  The  Commission  estimate  that  the 
entire  cost  of  the  celebration  will  reach  fifteen 
millions  or  more.  The  city  and  entiro  State,  in 
fact,  is  alive  to  the  importance  and  magnitude 
of  the  event,  and  citizens  of  all  classes  are  mak- 
ing every  possiblo  exertion  to  encourage  and 
help  on  the  enterprise. 

In  consequence  of  some  needed  legislation 
by  Congress  and  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  the 
committee  has  adjourned  until  the  22d  of  May, 
when  they  expect  to  meet  again  and  make  all 
necessary  arrangements  to  put  in  active  prog- 
ress the  material  preparations  for  the  grand 
event.  Very  properly,  and  with  a  due  apprecia- 
tion of  the  importance  of  the  feeling  which 
should  pervade  the  national  heart,  the  most 
thorough  arrangements  are  contemplated  to 
unite  all  sections  of  the  country  in  this  demon- 
stration; and  every  good  citizen  will  hope  that 
nothing  may  transpire  to,  in  the  least,  interfere 
with  the  realization  of  this  purpose  in  its  full- 
est and  most  comprehensive  sense. 

Mr.  Morrell,  who  was  offered  the  Presidency 
of  the  Commission,  has  declined  the  honor  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  give  the  whole  country 
more  time  for  consideration  in  its  choice  of  a 
gentleman  in  whom  might  be  centered  such 
feeling  and  confidence  as  would  command  the 
greatest  amount  of  admiration.  Some  gentleman 
will  undoubtedly  be  selected  for  the  office,  who, 
by  position  and  all  the  amenities  of  nature  and 
other  circumstances,  will  be  able  to  conduct 
the  first  grand  celebration  of  the  birth  of  the 
Nation  in  a  manner  worthy  of  the  event  and 
satisfactory  to  the  people  as  a  whole. 

As  we  understand  it,  the  design  is  not  to 
make  the  occasion  simply  a  grand  gala-day,  but 
in  addition  to  the  ceremonies,  displays,  ad- 
dresses, etc.,  appropriate  to  such  an  event,  the 
day  will  also  be  made  the  grand  opening  of  one 
of  the  most  magnificent  industrial  displays 
which  the  world  has  ever  yet  witnessed.  The 
main  building  alluded  to  is  designed  for  the  re- 
ception and  display  of  the  industries  of  the 
country,  and  it  is  confidently  expected  that  the 
United  States  will  be  able  to  show  more  strength 
and  genius,  in  the  mechanic  arts  and  sciences, 
through  the  influence  of  that  celebration,  than 
has  yet  been  shown  by  any  "  World's  Fair  " 
or  other  similar  means  yet  attempted  by  the 
nations  of  the  earth.  If  the  proper  current  is 
set  running,  the  only  difficulty  will  be  for  Phil- 
adelphia to  find  room  for  all  that  is  offered  to 
show  the  productive  resources  of  the  country, 
and  the  progress  which  has  been  mads  during 
the  first  century  of  our  national  existence.  It  is 
confidently  expected  that  the  first  centennial  of 
the  United  States  will  be  the  grandest  civil  and 
industrial  exhibition  ever  known  in  history. 

California  Machinery  por  Colorado. 
A  15-ton  mill  is  being  built  at  the  Union 
Foundry  for  Hon.  N.  B.  Judd  and  F.  W. 
Crosby  of  Georgetown,  Colorado.  This  is 
a  pioneer  movement  in  that  quarter,  Cali- 
fornia machinery  being  hitherto  unrepre- 
sented in  that  Territory.  The  mining  in- 
terests of  Colorado,  more  especially  her 
silver  interests  are  now  in  their  infancy 
but  are  full  of  promise  for  the  future. 
Our  foundry  men  have  had  over  20  years' 
experience  in  building  milling  and  mining 
machinery,  and  their  work  we  think  can- 
not be  equalled,  let  alone  surpassed,  in 
the  world,  and  we  believe  that  if  the 
proper  steps  are  taken  they  will  find  in 
Colorado  a  good  customer. 

Numbers  of  miners  are  leaving  Salt  Lake 
City  and  going  to  Star  and  other  districts 
south. 


218 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  6,  1872. 


lOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Crumbs    of    Piecrust— The    Grumbler. 

Tlie  grumbler  is  one  of  the  most  unfortunate 
of  beings;  lie  travels  the  worst  roads,  chives 
the  -worst  horses,  drawing  the  -worst  vehicle 
under  the  sun.  He  eats  the  worst  dinners, 
especially  at  home,  and  wears  the  worst  clothes 
of  any  live  man. 

He  spends  most  of  his  thoughts  in  wonder- 
ing why  he  is  not  Alexis,  or  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  or  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
or  the  Grand  Mogul  of  somewhere,  instead  of 
plain  John  Smith,  Jr. 

To  the  discontented  man  his  wife,  heaven 
help  her,  is  a  constant  source  of  annoyance. 
She  is  too  tall  or  too  short,  too  grave  or 
too  gay,  too  voluble  or  too  reticent,  in  fact, 
it  is  doubtful  whether  a  companion  im- 
ported directly  from  the  celestial  regions, 
would  be  a  complete  success  in  his  eyes. 

If  she  goes  with  him  to  an  evening  enter- 
tainment or  for  an  afternoon  visit,  he  spends 
the  homeward  ride  in  grumbling  because  she 
does  not  sing  Like  Mrs.  A.,  or  play  like  Mrs. 
B.,  or  dance  like  Mrs.  C,  or  talk  like  Mrs.  D., 
and  ends  by  complaining  because  she  is 
moodily  silent,  and  won't  answer  him 
at  all. 

He  wonders  why  she  looks  so  sad  and  care- 
worn, why  she  does  not  welcome  him  as  gladly, 
or  laugh  as  cheerily  as  before  marriage;  why 
she  has  the  habit  of  starting  nervously  every 
time  he  enters  the  room;  and  why  she  does 
not  care  to  rid«,  or  walk,  or  talk  with  him. 
Poor  man!  he  is  continually  planting  briers 
by  the  way!  What  wonder  if  he  reaps  a  plen- 
tiful harvest  of  thorns? 

Does  our  grumbler  travel,  he  meets  with 
more  hair-breadth  escapes,  comes  in  contact 
with  more  villainous  people  who  make  him 
the  sole  object  of  their  vile  intentions,  which, 
however,  from  his  superior  discernment  he 
succeeds  in  eluding,  than  Ledyard  or  Von 
Humboldt  ever  encountered. 

The  best  way  to  cure  a  discontented  man  is 
to  help  him  complain;  agree  with  him  that  he 
is  the  most  unfortunate  person  living,  and  he 
will  very  soon  undertake  to  prove  that  he  has 
qute  as  much  to  be  thankful  for  as  the  most  of 
people. 

A  friend  whom  I  was  once  visiting  had  the 
misfortune  to  have  a  husband  who  was  al- 
ways exaggerating  the  ills  of  life.  One  morn- 
ing he  sat  down  to  breakfast  as  usual,  ate  a 
hearty  meal,  aud  just  before  its  close,  leaned 
back  in  his  chair,  saying  that  he  was  unwell; 
and  forthwith  began  to  descant  upon  his  many 
ailments.  He  declared  that  he  felt  that  he 
was  not  long  for  this  world;  it  was  his  fate, 
but  he  was  resigned.  Here  he  recounted  a 
number  of  incidents  to  prove  that  an  evil  gen- 
ius had  followed  him  from  his  cradle  to  the 
present  moment.     Said  he: 

11 1  must  consult  a  physician  immedi- 
ately." 

"Yes,"  replied  his  wife  anxiously;  "you 
must  go  to  Dr.  Cur'em  this  very  day.  Start 
right  away,  do  dear;  don't  defer;  now  please 
don't — " 

"There,  that's  just  like  a  woman,"  replied 
the  husband,  "  you  always  think  that  I  can 
leave  my  business  at  any  moment." 

"But,"  rejoined  the  wife,  "only  think  of 
the  danger  of  delay;  you  are  going  to  put  it 
off  until  it  is  too  late.  You  will  die,  I  know 
you  will!  Oh,  dear,  oh,  dear!  I  know  you 
will,"  she  cried  hysterically. 

"Well,"  said  he  angrily,  I  can't  nor  shan't 
leave  my  business  to-day;  so  there  is  no  use 
in  making  a  fuss,"  and  marching  firmly  to  the 
hat  rack  he  invested  himself  in  coat  and  hat 
and  left  for  his  place  of  business. 

As  he  passed  out  of  sight  my  hostess  burst 
into  a  merry  laugh;  and  seeing  my  look  of 
surprised  inquiry,  remarked,  "you  know  Hen- 
ry is  rather  notional,  and  I  find  it  best  to  hu- 
mor him." 

I  think  she  was  right,  for  during  my  stay  I 
heard  nothing  more  of  Henry's  ailments.  His 
wife's  prescription  no  doubt  proved  more  ef- 
ficacious than  any  which  Dr.  Cur'em  could 
have  administered. —  Western  Rural. 

Look  to  youb  Wall  Papee. — The  filthy  cus- 
tom of  pasting  one  waU  paper  over  another  till 
a  thickness  of  an  eighth  of  an  inch  or  more  is 
accumulated  is  too  common,  and  is  attended 
with  the  worst  consequences.  This,  as  ascer- 
tained by  the  Lancet,  was  the  cause  of  the  puz- 
zling offensive  smell  at  Knightsbridge  Barracks, 
England,  that  recently  threatened  the  whole 
establishment  with  fever.  The  examination  of 
the  drains  aud  taking  up  of  the  floors  revealed 
nothing,  while  the  introduction  of  increased 
means  of  ventilation  left  the  evil  as  it  was.  At 
last  an  examination  was  made  of  the  wall 
papering,  when  it  was  found  that  one  paper 
was  pasted  upon  another  till  a  thickness  was 
accumulated  amounting  in  one  case  to  fourteen 
layers.  Between  these  layers  there  was  rotten 
paste,  in  which  fungi  and  even  maggots  germi- 
nated; while  the  wall  being  hollow,  the  stench 
spread  into  the  passages  and  over  the  establish- 
ment.   

.Apple  Puffs. — Peel  and  core  as  many  sour 
apples  as  will  be  needed,  simmer  with  a  little 
water  till  tender,  then  add  a  half  pound  of  su- 
gar to  a  pound  of  apples,  let  it  simmer  till  the 
apples  become  a  kind  of  marmalade;  take  it 
up,  audwhen  cold  put  it  into  puff  paste  and 
bake  quickly;  when  done  ice  it,  return  to  the 
oven  just  long  enough  to  turn  the  iceing  gold- 
en. 


How   to   Make  Good  Bread. 

Put  what  flour  will  be  needed  for  two  or 
four  loaves,  according  to  the  size  of  your  fami- 
ly, into  your  bread  bowl  or  pan.  Make  a  hole 
in  the  middle,  pressing  the  flower  compactly 
up  to  the  sides  of  the  pan,  then  pour  in  suffi- 
cient boiling  water  to  thouroughly  scald  and 
wet  about  one-half  of  the  flour.  When  cool 
stir  in  one  cupful  of  lively  domestic  yeast, 
previously  soaked  in  warm  water.  Set  it  near 
the  stove  or  in  a  warm  place  in  cool  weather, 
cover  closely  just  before  retiring  at  night,  and 
it  will  be  light  by  morning,  when  a  teaspoonful 
of  salt,  and  enough  more  warm,  but  not  hot, 
water  to  wet  all  the  flour  must  be  added; 
knead  it  very  thoroughly,  and  set  it  to  rise 
again.  When  light,  work  it  again,  and  put  it 
in  the  pans  to  rise  for  the  last  time,  and  as  soon 
as  it  is  light  bake  in  a  moderately  heated  oven. 
If  the  oven  is  too  hot  at  first  the  bread  is  apt 
to  get  brown  on  top  and  bottom  too  soon,  and 
then  it  will  not  be  done  in  the  middle.  A  mod- 
erate oven  at  first  is  best,  increasing  the  heat 
gradually  until  the  bread  is  about  half  done, 
when  it  should  be  of  a  steady  heat  till  the  bread 
is  done. 

The  Secret  of    Baking    Bread. 

The  grand  secret  and  mystery  in  having  the 
bread  come  out  of  the  oven  delicious,  inviting 
and  nutritive,  is  the  exact  point  of  time  in 
putting  it  in.  While  in  the  state  of  dough  it 
will  readily  run  into  various  stages  of  fermen- 
tation— the  first  of  these  is  saccharine,  or  that 
which  produces  sugar — the  next  is  the  vinous 
— the  third  the  acetous,  or  that  producing 
vinegar,  etc.  If  the  dough  be  formed  into 
loaves,  and  placed  in  the  oven  before  the  first 
fermentation  has  taken  place,  the  bread  will 
turn  out  heavy.  If  it  be  kept  from  the  oven 
until  the  second  fermentation,  it  will  prove  light 
enought  but  tasteless,  and  little  better  than 
the  same  quantity  of  saw-dust.  If  it  be  de- 
layed until  the  acetous  fermentation  had  occur- 
red, it  comes  out  sour,  and  altogether  uneata- 
ble. 

It  is,  then,  during  the  first  or  saccharine 
fermentation  that  it  should  be  cast  into  the 
oven;  and  it  will,  if  sufficiently  baked,  be  found 
a  sweet  and  wholesome  food.  That  bread 
slumld  be  without  sweetness,  when  allowed  to 
run  into  the  vinous  fermentation  is  very  easily 
explained — the  saccharine  matter  produced  by 
the  first  fermentation  being  converted  into  a 
vinous  spirit,  which  is  driven  off  by  evapora- 
tion during  the  process  of  baking.  This  kind 
of  bread  may  be  easily  distinguished  without 
tasting,  by  its  loose,  open  appearance— the 
pores  or  cells  being  very  large — whereas,  really 
good  bread  is  marked  by  fine  pores,  and  a  sort 
of  net  work  in  uniform  appearance. 

A  Fkench  Beoil. — Select  a  spider  or  sauce- 
pan with  a  smooth,  clean  bottom,  set  it  over 
the  range  or  stove  until  really  hot,  and  then 
lay  on  a  good  tenderloin  or  sirloin  steak;  keep 
the  spider  very  hot,  and  turn  the  steak  as  often 
as  every  two  minutes — no  longer;  when  done 
sprinkle  over  salt  and  pepper  to  suit  the  taste 
of  those  who  are  to  eat  it;  continue  to  turn  the 
steak  often  till  sufficiently  done;  just  as  you 
are  to  take  up  and  dish  the  steak  dust  a  little 
flour  over  it,  spread  on  a  tablespoonful  of  but- 
ter, 017  if  a  large  steak,  a  little  more;  turn  it 
over,  dust  on  more  flour,  and  spread  on  the 
butter  as  on  the  first  side ;  turn  again,  set  the 
saucepan  back  from  the  hot  fire,  take  the  steak 
on  to  the  platter,  and  set  in  heater  or  oven  to 
keep  hot,  but  not  to  cook  any  more;  shake 
more  flour  into  the  butter  in  the  saucepan, 
set  again  over  the  fire,  and  as  soon  as  the  but- 
ter bubbles  up  through  the  flour,  rub  it  smooth 
with  a  spoon,  and  pour  in  a  few  spoonfuls  of 
boiling  water,  and  as  soon  as  it  thickens  pour 
over  the  steak  and  serve  hot. 


Know  How  to  Live. — Prof.  Blot  can  never 
teach  you  this.  Books  on  cookery  will  never 
enable  you  to  learn  the  secret.  Care  and  ex- 
perience only  will  enable  you  to  attain  such  a 
desirable  end — they  are  as  essential  to  good 
housekeeping  as  to  any  other  duty. 

It  would  seem  ridiculous  for  a  man  to  at- 
tempt to  do  business  without  going  to  his  office 
and  knowing,  from  day  to  day,  what  is  being 
done  there. 

The  extravagance  of  living  is  not  all  in  high 
prices,  or  high  rents.  It  is  in  waste.  Take  a 
house  full  of  the  best  servants,  and  if  the  mis- 
tress is  always  occupied  with  company,  or  en- 
gagements away  from  home,  what  hope  can 
she  have  that  her  servants  will  be  careful. 
They  get  no  credit  for  it.  Their  work  seems 
well  clone,  as  far  as  it  is  likely  to  meet 
their  mistress'  eyes,  as  she  passes  from  her 
chamber  to  the  parlor  or  dining  room;  and 
knowing  that  she  will  not  search  out  their 
shortcomings  any  further,  they  save  them- 
selves trouble  by  slighting  all  that  is  under 
the  surface. 

We  forget  that  our  servants  are  human;  and 
conscientious,  and  well-meaning  as  we  may  be, 
are  we  sure  if  we  were  in  their  subordinate  po- 
sition, we  should  do  any  better  ? 

Be  better  housekeepers.  Look  more  care- 
fully after  your  homes  and  homo  cares,  and 
there  will  be  fewer  hotels  and  crowded  board- 
ing-houses, and  more  happy  husbands,  and 
well-trained  children,  and  less  distress  on  the 
part  of  uneasy  women  because  they  have  not 
enough  to  do. — Home  Monthly. 

To  Clean  Smoky  Mantels. — A  strong  solu- 
tion of  alum  and  water,  applied  while  hot,  will, 
it  is  said,  effectually  clean  a  smoky  mantel. 
When  dry,  it  should  be  sand-papered  and  re- 
ceive one  coat  of  paint. 


How  Slimmer  Suits  Should  be  Washed. 

Summer  suits  are  nearly  all  made  of  white 
or  buff  linnen,  pique,  cambric  or  muslin,  and 
the  art  of  preserving  the  new  appearance  after 
washing  is  a  matter  of  the  greatest  importance. 
Common  washerwomen  spoils  everything  with 
soda,  and  nothing  is  more  frequent  than  to  see 
the  delicate  tints  of  lawns  and  percales  turned 
into  dark  blotches  and  muddy  streaks  by  the 
ignorance  and  vandalism  of  a  laundress.  It  is 
worth  while  for  ladies  to  pay  attention  to  this, 
and  insist  ivpoii  having  their  summer  dresses 
washed  according  to  the  directions  to  which 
they  should  be  prepared  to  give  their  laun- 
dresses themselves.  In  the  first  place,  the 
water  should  be  tepid,  the  soap  should  not  be 
allowed  to  touch  the  fabric;  it  should  be  wash- 
ed and  rinsed  quick,  turned  upon  the  wrong 
side,  and  hung  in  the  shade  to  dry,  and  when 
starched  (in  thin  boiled,  but  not  boiling  starch) 
should  be  folded  in  sheets  or  towels,  and  ironed 
upon  the  wrong  side,  as  soon  as  possible.  But 
linen  should  be  washed  in  water  in  which  hay 
has  been  boiled,  or  a  quart  bag  of  bran.  This 
last  will  be  found  to  answer  for  starch  as  well 
and  is  excellent  for  print  dresses  of  all  kinds, 
but  a  handful  of  salt  is  very  useful  also  to  set 
the  colors  of  light  cambrics  and  dotted  lawns; 
and  a  little  beef's  gall  wiU  not  only  set,  but 
brighten,  yeUow  and  purple  tints,  and  has  a 
good  effect  upon  green. — N.  Y.  World. 

Pickles. — If  Hippocrates  could  escape  from 
the  dominions  of  Pluto  and  visit  this  country 
of  pickles,  pancakes  and  hot  bread,  and  con- 
template the  consequent  pasty  faces,  hot 
breaths  and  toothless  gums,  he  would  every 
where  meet  with,  he  would  see  just  cause  to 
undertake  the  communis  of  his  maxim.  He 
would  see  people,  sensible  in  other  respects, 
munching  pickles  as  boys  munch  apples,  filling 
themselves  with  hot  new  bread,  and  meat  with 
all  its  juices  dried  up,  which  by  way  of  destroy- 
ing the  efficiency  of  nature's  solvent,  the  saliva, 
diluting  it  at  every  mouthful  with  water  or 
other  liquid,  and  to  crown  all,  taking  bodily 
exercise  in  an  inverse  ratio,  to  the  amount  of 
food  swallowed — we  might  fancy  that  dyspepsia 
and  indigestion  would  be  seen  holding  high 
carnival  over  every  barrel  of  pickles  which 
pater  ox  matter  familias  provides  to  correct  the 
greasy  messes  of  the  frying-pan.  Thus  we 
find,  as  one  crime  leads  to  another,  so  one  error 
causes  many — remove  the  superabundant 
grease,  and  there  will  be  no  need  for  a  peck  of 
pickles — probably  the  safest  and  surest  plan 
would  be  to  knock  the  bottom  out  of  the  fry- 
ing-pan which  is  the  father  or  mother  of  nearly 
all  the  ills  the  belly  is  heir  to.  There  are  more 
constitutions  ruined  by  the  frying-pan  than  by 
the  whisky  barrel;  indeed,  the  former  leads  to 
the  latter. — Ex. 


Packing  Cucumber  Pickles  in  Brine. — If 
they  are  dirty  or  sandy,  wash  them  by  throwing 
water  over  them,  but  do  not  rub  them  if  it  can 
be  avoided.  Put  the  pickles,  as  soon  as  pick- 
ed, into  clean  barrels  only,  avoiding  kerosene 
or  greasy  barrels  especially,  even  if  burned 
out.  Fill  up  the  barrel  and  gently  shake  them 
down;  then  put  on  brine  made  of  fifteen  gal- 
lons of  water  and  a  half  bushel  of  common  fine 
salt.  This  is  sufficient  for  all  that  can  be  put 
into  a  forty  gallon  barrel;  then  trim  off  the 
edges  of  the  barrel  head,  and  lay  on  it  the 
pickles,  and  put  on  two  bricks,  or  a  small  stone, 
to  keep  the  pickles  under  the  brine  all  the 
time. 

Examine  the  barrels  daily,  to  see  that  the 
brine  does  not  leak  or  soak  away,  and  leave 
the  jjickles  out  of  the  brine.  If  the  pickles 
need  more  brine,  put  it  on.  Fill  up  the  barrel 
every  ten  days  until  you  have  added  one  more 
bushel  of  prickles.  See  that  the  pickles  are 
kept  under  the  brine  all  the  time;  and  when 
ready  to  ship,  pour  off  two  gallons  of  brine, 
and  nail  a  piece  of  board  crosswise  over  the 
head  and  they  are  ready  to  send  to  the  depot. 
Western  Rural. 


Mrs.  Snow's  Cream  Cakes. — One  cup  of 
boiling  water,  one-half  cup  of  butter,  put  this 
on  the  stove,  when  boiling  add  one  cup  of 
flour,  stir  it  five  minutes,  set  away  till  it  is  al- 
most cold,  then  stir  in  one  egg  at  a  time  till 
you  get  in  five  eggs,  then  take  a  piece  of  soda 
the  size  of  a  pea  dissolved  in  a  teaspoonful  of 
cold  water,  and  put  it  in  the  mixture.  Heat 
your  tin  hot  that  you  are  to  bake  your  cakes 
on,  grease  it,  drop  your  cakes  on,  bake  twenty- 
five  minutes,  and  do  not  take  them  off  the  tin 
till  they  are  cold.  Have  your  oven  hot  to 
commence  with,  and  when  the  cakes  are  al- 
most done  let  it  cool  a  little. 

For  the  Cream — One  pint  of  milk,  one  cup  of 
sugar,  one-half  cup  of  flour,  two  eggs.  Beat 
the  eggs,  sugar  and  flour  together,  put  the  milk 
on  the  stove  to  heat  it,  then  stir  the  mixture 
into  the  milk  slowly  and  when  it  boils  to 
thicken  take  it  off  and  let  it  cool  before  putting 
in  the  cakes. 


Cider  Without  Apples. — Water,  1  gal.,  com- 
mon sugar,  1  lb.,  tartaric  acid,  1  oz.,  yeast,  1 
tablespoonful;  shake  well;  make  it  in  the  eve- 
ning and  it  will  be  fit  for  use  the  next  day.  In 
quantities  for  bottling  up,  put  in  a  barrel  5 
gallons  of  hot  water,  30  lbs.  common  sugar,  % 
lb.  of  tartaric  acid,  25  gallons  cold  water,  3 
pints  hop  or  brewer's  yeast,  worked  into  paste 
with  one  pt.  water  and  lib.  flour.  Let  it  work 
in  the  barrel  48  hours,  the  yeast  running  out 
at  the  bung  all  the  time,  putting  in  a  little  occ- 
sionaUy  to  keep  it  full,  then  bottle,  putting  in 
2  or  3  broken  raisins  to  each  bottle,  and  it  will 
nearly  equal  champagne. 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  1862 
aw  irded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkiu  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  6v24-3amslanirly 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

—  AND- 

WINCHESTEB  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1» 
2,  3  and  i,  in  1  lb.  and  J^j  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  J*,  lb.,  and  ii  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  H  lb.  and  H 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
SaDta  Cruz,  Cal.,  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines — Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonrts. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 


JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 


5v24-Gm-lamr 


108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.    311    CALIFORNIA    STKF.KT, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

And    BLA.STINO 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold   Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for   the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oe-r  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE.  Secretary.    . 

To    Parties    About    Building. 

A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings,  Mill  s.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Hashudfull  experience 
'--.  .  •■  -  mi  llns  i-oasl ,  and  can 
insure  good  satisfac- 
tion. Address  EDW.  "W.  TIFFT, 
5-v2i-sa                   No.  626  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco. 


BCY  BARBER'S   BIT  BRACE. 


April  6,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC^  PRESS^ 


219 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
STi  X1  1  B  'I'  I  <  '  I  A  >•. 

Report*  and  titimatvs  made  .boat  all  d.  jvirtinfnu  ol 
roduclion.  Commerce,  and  Manufacture,  of  tl 


Pi  ..  . 
Gout. 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  102  Stockton  struct San  Fran... 

%7~  Biir^'lcal    cnsru   from    tnti  country    received  ami 
tnoti'd  at  Ihfl  Bomaoi  ttblc  Hospital. 
All  k-ttwn*  answered  promptly. 


UILI.I    U.  QKaT. 


Jiiti  m.  iiArxx. 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTOH\K.  S  VMXOINSKLUHSAT  LAW, 

In  Building  of  Pacific  ln»u ranee  Co.  N.  E.  corner  Calf 

•onil.i  »n.    LuldUdorfl  ilrcetn, 

SAW   PKAN0IOO. 

Spectacles  My   Specialty. 


C.  MILLER,  0] 

I   ntgomery  itreet,  Husk  Block. 


JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429   Montgomery   Street, 

S.  W.  comer  Sacramento. 
Surveying  Imtrumenu  made,  repaired  and  adjusted 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL     SAWYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Fhancisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St..  bat.  First  and  Second, 
2lr23-tf  Sacbamknto. 


VM.    BAKTLIIia.  tlK.HRY   KIMBALL. 

BARTLTNG-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Bulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

SOS  C'luy  .(reet,  (southwest  cor.  Sansome), 
16vl2-3in  8AN  FRANCISCO. 

r3A.1V    FRANCISCO 

COBDAG E     C OMPANY, 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Hope, 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

M  Oil  and  013  Front  street, 


H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDKAITUO  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  Bizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v2J-3m  S.VN  FRANCISCO. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL      E  Iff  G  R  .A.  "V  DB  R  , 
A  \  It  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Siampa  and  Dies,  008  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OP    SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One   Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BKUNT Cashier. 


BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 
MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOR— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    mado 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 

Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    341     KEA.RNY    STREET, 

Between  BuBh  and  Pine  streetB,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &   SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 
GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let.  ESIrilj 

A.    HEYMAN, 

I  street,  betweon  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mals-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


PATENT     TUBULAR     WHEELBARROWS. 

..     ,  „        ,„,                                                                                                TCPINO.  \v.  Tiuv.  Wn,.HT. 

>.<».  1.  r'aeal  Sue 1    Inch.  IStttOb.  3fix32inch.             08  IIm 

£o.l   lUu.l.d I  16    '■  Km    ■•  N)    ••  ' 

No3.Bai]ded IM    "  18    "  >,n    "  Jul    " 

iV-  '■■  S«n'led V.i    "  is    "  «iis    ••  116    •' 

H  uu,l  Harrow. 1        "  It,    "  .1 

MANlFACTCltED    ONLY    BY 

CALVIN      NUTTING     &     SON, 

417  and  419  Market  Strcot,  below  First SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  have  l»o«n  using  the  Tubular  Burrows  (or  two  years,  and  for  Economy  ami  Durability  thev  cannot  be  equalled. 
„      _  ,_       ,.,.        .     m   L   ,      „  SAVAliK  A  SON.  Empire  Foundry. 

1'  or  Kconomy  unil  Durability  llii'  I  uliulur  Uurrnws  iviiuiut  bu  ■■  xclli'nl.     \V.ui1,I  nui  |„.  w  ithnul  them. 
fallWtbp  IL  T.  HOLMES  A  CO.,  Lime  Mann  fact urers. 


THE       SELDEN       PUMP 


Combines   Simplicity   and    Durability   to   a    Remarkable   Degree. 

Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Tumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

A.    CARR, 

43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

Agent  "Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v23-ly-eow 


CARS, 

LIGHT,     STEONG     ANTJ     ELEGANT, 


Omnibuses     of    Every     Style. 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  Bending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  espeoial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  worts,  No.  47  EaBt  Twenty-Beventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-26t 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS, 

Steel  Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

E?"  Send  for  Circulars.  13v24-3m 


Phcenixville    Bridge    Works 

OF    PENNSYLVANIA. 
CLARKE,    REEVES   &    CO., 

ENGINEERS  AND  BUILDERS. 

New  Bmdges,  Viaducts,  Roofs,  Eto. 

Would  respectfully  call  tbe  attention  of  the  officers  of 
Railway  Companies,  and  Engineers  having  charge  of 
New  Bridge  Constructions,  to  their  new 

Alburn    of  Designs, 

showing  various  styles  of  New  Railroad  Bridges,  Via- 
ducts, etc.,  which  they  have  either  constructed  or  are 
prepared  to  construct.  A  copy  will  be  mailed  on  appli- 
cation to  our  address,  No.  410  Walnut  Street,  Phila- 
delphia, ap8-ly 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped    Diamond   Carbon-Points. 

My.f.        TUj.2  Fiej.3  Tty.£ 


$1   m 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate.  Drilling  Ruck,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Tracing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  271  h,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N,  T. 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBTJRG,    PA., 
Bole  Mumn' aoturera  ol 

THE    TANITE     EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Oummcrs 
Etc.,   Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $25,  $33.  $40,  $55  and  $100.    DIAMOND  TURN' 
INQ  TOOLS,  $16  each. 

SOLID  EMEliV  WUEELS. 
From   40   cents   to   $113   each. 


Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planet- 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudshurg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 


OVER    300    IN    USE. 

BEST    IN    THE    MARKET. 

Engines,    Pumps,   Etc.,   Manufactured  and 
on  Hand. 

ffiy*  For  pamphlets  and  testimonials  address 

BOOT  STEAM  ENGINE  CO., 
Twenty-eighth  Street,  comer  Second  Avenue, 
20v22-eow-2Gt  New  Yobs. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

v  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  olj  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

Theyaro  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows; 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces, — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  tbe  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  ThuB 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examinethese  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY 

118  Front  street,  San  Fbanotsco. 

Patent  Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam,  and  Petroleum,  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,   Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 

J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


12v*3-3m 


FirBt  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y , 
MICROSCOPES. 

Hlustrated    Price    List    sent    free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  illustrated,    sent    free. 

MoALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly 


The   Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     USE! 

Especially  well  adapted  for  tbe  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  k  PETERS,  Agents, 
304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
fi£?"  Send  for  Circular.  13v24  3m 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 
of  all  kinds  furnished  at  tbe  shortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  516  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v24-3m 


220 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  6,  1872. 


Academy  of  Sciences. 

The  Academy  held  its  regular  semi- 
monthly meeting  on  the  1st  inst.  Messrs. 
John  Williamson,  "Wm.  Henry  Knight, 
Eugene  E.  Dewey,  Albert  S.  Evans  and 
Thomas  P.  Madden  were  elected  to  mem- 
bership and  Col.  E.  Sparrow  Purdy,  now 
in  Egypt,  was  elected  a  corresponding 
member. 

A  New  Mineral. 

Mr.  T.  E.  Durand  presented  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  new  mineral  found  by  him  in  the 
new  Almaden  quicksilver  mine.  It  is 
of  a  very  bright  pure  yellow  color,  is  found 
embedded  in  crystalline  silicious  dolomite. 
It  can  be  very  easily  separated  from  dolo- 
mite by  sublimation.  When  warmed  in  a 
glass  tube  it  volatilizes  when  it  has  become 
dark  red,  and  gives  a  strong  yellow  subli- 
mate which  appears  amorphous,  but 
whioh,  under  the  microscope,  shows  very 
fine  needles  like  crystals.  If  heated  very 
quickly  it  carbonizes  and  gives  a  residue 
of  carbon  and  an  empyreumatio  odor. 
Strong  acids  have  no  influence  upon  it. 
When  tried  for  sulphur  or  arsenic  it  fur- 
nishes no  traces  of  their  presence.  This 
mineral  is  very  likely  a  kind  of  volatile 
hydro-carbon,  probably  belonging  to  the 
class  of  idrialine.  When  treated  by  the 
ordinary  dissolvents  of  carburetted  com- 
pounds, oil  of  turpentine,  alcohol  and 
ether,  it  appears  to  be  entirely  insoluble. 
On  some  specimens  of  cinnabar  from  the 
Kedington  mine  the  same  substance  is 
found  in  small  scales.  In  fact,  all  the 
characteristics  show  that  the  mineral  is  a 
new  substance,  and  for  it  has  been  adopted 
the  name,  Aragotite. 

About    the    Earthquake. 

Mr.  Hanks  introduced  to  the  academy 
Mr.  A.  C.  Diggins,  who  was  at  Independ- 
ence during  the  recent  earthquakes.  Mr. 
Diggins  said  that  he  had  been  interviewed 
by  a  reporter  of  the  Bulletin  and  that  he 
had  little  more  to  add  to  what  had  already 
been  published.  He  was  willing  to  answer 
any  questions,  however,  as  far  as  it  was  in 
his  power.  In  answer  to  a  number  of 
questions  by  different  members  he  stated 
that  a  rumbling  sound  was  distinctly  heard 
at  Independence  preceding  each  shock. 
The  sounds  were  loud  and  rumbling,  like 
a  train  of  cars,  or  distant  artillery.  At 
first  they  seemed  to  come  from  the  air, 
and  then  a  rumbling  directly  under  foot 
would  follow.  The  shocks  followed  each 
other  so  rapidly  that  this  rumbling  under 
foot  might  have  been  the  noise  of  the 
shock,  and  the  sound  which  apparently 
came  from  the  air  might  have  been  the 
precursor  of  the  shock  immediately  to 
follow.  Which  sounds  preceded  and 
which  followed  the  convulsions  could  not 
be  determined.  The  first  shock  came 
about  half-past  two  in  the  morning.  At 
four  o'clock  Mr.  Diggins  said  he  was  in 
the  stage  traveling  north.  Wherever  the 
stage  stopped  the  passengers  felt  one  or 
more  shocks,  and  always  heard  that  terri- 
ble sound  accompanying  the  convulsion. 
They  noticed  it  more  particularly  at 
Bishop  Creek,  75  or  80  miles  north  of 
Lone  Pine.  At  Independence,  where  he 
felt  the  first  shocks,  he  was  near  mountains, 
and  the  inhabitants  at  first  ascribed  the 
sounds  to  the  rolling  of  masses  of  rocks 
down  the  mountains.  He  noticed  no  pe- 
culiarity in  the  atmosphere  the  night  pre- 
ceding the  shocks;  it  was  a  bright  moon- 
light one.  He  mentioned  having  been 
told  by  a  lady  and  gentleman,  that  they 
saw  fire  coming  from  the  top  of  the 
mountains,  and  the  next  day  there  was  a 
black  streak  down  the  side  of  the  extinct 
volcano,  which  had  never  been  noticed  be- 
fore. 

Mr.  Hanks  gave  a  short  description  of 
the  country  with  which  he  was  familiar. 
Dr.  Gibbons,  Dr.  Blake,  Mr.  Stearns  and 
Dr.  Hewston  all  made  some  remards  on 
earthquakes  in  general. 

Mr  Hanks,  in  answer  to  a  question,  said 
the  only  experiment  he  had  ever  made 
with  an  earthquake  indicator  was  to  con- 
struct an  irrangement  similar  to  what,  he 
had  been  informed,  they  used  in  China. 
He  had  been  told  that  they  suspended  a 


steel  weight  from  a  magnet,  and  that  just 
before  an  earthquake  the  electricity  of  the 
atmosphere  would  cause  the  magnet  to 
lose  its  power,  the  weight  would  drop, 
and,  striking  a  gong,  would  give  the  peo- 
ple the  alarm,  so  that  they  could  escape 
into  the  street.  He  had  constructed  one 
on  this  principle,  but  it  had  passed  through 
several  earthquakes  and  had  given  no  in- 
dication. 

Paper  Manufacture. 

Dr.  Gibbons  exhibited  a  section  of  the 
cactus  plant,  a  portion  of  which  he  said 
had  been  sent  East  that  its  qualities  for 
the  manufacture  of  paper  might  be  tested. 
Some  of  the  pulp  made  therefrom  had 
been  returned,  with  the  statement  that  it 
was  the  very  best  material  for  paper. 
This  production  grows  in  great  abundance 
in  the  southern  counties  of  California. 


Senator  Cole's  Land  Bill. 

An  excellent  bill  for  the  protectiou  of  settlers 
on  public  lands  was  oftered  in  the  United 
States  Senate  by  Mr.  Cole,  of  this  State,  which 
was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Public  Lands, 
and  ordered  printed.  Following  is  the  full  text 
of  the  bill: 

Section  1.  That  every  citizen  now  residing 
upon  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States 
or  who  may  hereafter  settle  upon  such  land, 
shall  be  held  and  deemed  to  be,  in  law,  the 
owner  of  the  same;  Provided,  however,  that  his 
or  her  possessions  do  not  exceed  in  extent  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  agricultural  land 
fitted  for  cultivation;  or  six  hundred  and  forty 
acres -of  land  if  the  same  be  useful  f  or  pasturage 
or  timber  only;  or  forty  acres  if  the  same  b,e 
known  as  placer  mining  lands. 

Sec  2.  That  every  person  occupying  the 
public  land  s  of  the  United  States,  as  provided 
in  the  preceding  section,  shall,  after  two  years 
of  actual  continuous  possession,  if  the  same  be 
agricultural  or  pasture  lands,  be  entitled  to  a 
patent  for  the  same  from  the  United  States  free 
from  all  costs  and  charge  whatsoever,  and  if 
timber  land,  or  placer  mining  land,  or  other 
mineral  land,  at  the  rate  or  price  now  prescribed 
by  law. 

Sec.  3.  That  none  of  the  public  agricultural, 
pasture,  timber  or  placer  mining  lands  of  the 
United  States  shall  be  disposed  of  otherwise 
than  as  in  this  act  provided. 

Sec  4  That  all  agricultural,  pasture,  timber, 
mineral  and  other  public  lands  of  tbe  United 
States,  except  reservations  for  Government  pur- 
poses, whether  surveyed  by  the  United  States 
authorities,  or  unsurveyed,  or  whether  offered 
by  the  Government  or  not,  if  the  same  remains 
uncovered  by  patent,  shall  be  free  and  oj^en  to 
occupation  and  settlement,  and  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  the  provisions  of  this  act,  any  former 
act  of  Congress  relating  to  the  same  to  the  con- 
trary notwithstanding. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco : 

Newaee  S.  M.  Co. — March  29.  Location: 
Ely  M.  District,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  Capi- 
tal stock,  §3,200,000,  in  32,200  shares.  Trustees 
— Wm.  Blanding,  S.  Heydenfelt,  Jesse  S.  WaU, 
Jose  E.  De  la  Montanya,  A.  A.  Young. 

Gaudalupe  G.  S.  and  C.  M.  Co. — March  31. 
Location :  Comondee  District,  Lower  California. 
Capital  stock,  §200,000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees— H.  H.  Pearson,  Edward  Landers,  John 
Wade,  C.  J.  Hutchinson,  and  Wm.  AVilliams. 

Kentucky  G.  and  S.  M.  Co. — March  31.  Lo- 
cation :  Lincoln  county,  Nev.  Capital  stock, 
§3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  B. 
E.  Cavallier,  Alexander  Austin.  Richard  O'Neill, 
E.  J.  Baldwin  and  Pierre  G.  Venard. 

Gwin  M.  Co. — March  31.  Location:  Middle 
Bar  District,  Calaveras  county.  Capital  stock, 
§2,000,000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trustees— W.  M. 
Gwin,  J.  D.  Pry,  H.  D.  Bacon,  A.  K.  P.  Har- 
mon and  E.  J.  Coleman. 

Feemont  M.  and  M.  Co. — March  31.  Loca- 
tion :  Dry  town,  Amador  county.  Capital  stock, 
§2,500,000,  in  50,000  shares.  Trustees— Cyrus 
Wilson,  John  Tregloan,  John  S.  Wilson,  Levi 
H.  and  Mark  T.  Ashby. 

Becewith  M.  Co. — April  2.  Location:  Kan- 
aka Flat,  Ely  M.  District.  Capital  stock,  §2,- 
000,000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trustees— Isaac 
Wormser,  Charles  Jones,  George  D.  Roberts, 
J.  M.  Miner  and  L.  Garstle. 

Rock  Island  G.  and  S.  M.  Co. — April  3.  Lo- 
cation: Storey  county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$2,400,000.  Trustses--A.  K.  P.  Harmon,  A. 
E.  Head,  Joseph  Clark,  J.  E.  de  la  Montanyna, 
and  B.  Thornburgh. 

Nokmon  G.  M.  Co. — April  3.  Location  : 
Aqueduct  District,  Amador  county.  Capital 
stock,  §1,250,000.  Trustees^.  M.  Thompson, 
W.  G.  Wayman,  Benjamin  Dore,  M.  D.  Plum- 
mer  and  E.  J.  Moore. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  of  in- 
corporation in  the  Secretary  of  State's  office  in 
Sacramento : 

Cottonwood  Cheek  G.  M.  Co. — Location: 
Tehama  county,  Cal.  Capital  stock,  §2,000,000; 
principal  office  in  San  Francisco.  Trustees— 
S.  M.  Van  Wyck,  Wm.  Welch,  Geo.  Rutledge, 
James  L.  and  Parker  Crittenden. 

Sterling  M.  Co. — Location:  Ely  District, 
Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,000;  principal 
office  in  San  Prancisco.  Trustees — J.  D.  Fry, 
P.  J.  Bradford,  C.  W.  Fox,  G.  W.  Beaver  and 
R..  R.  Givens. 


Meetings  and  Elections. 

Pacific  Silk  Manufactory. — On  Friday, 
March  29th,  the  Trustees  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Silk  Manufacturing  Company,  held  their  first 
meeting  for  the  election  of  officers,  when  the 
following  named  gentlemen  were  appointed: 
C.  W.  H.  Coney,  President;  R.  A.  Rutter, 
Vice  President:  J.  D.  Stewart,  Secretary;  W. 
C.  Ralston,  Treasurer;  Joseph  Warburton,  Su- 
perintendent and  General  Manager. 

Phenix  S.  M.  Co. — At  the  annual  election  of 
the  stockholders  of  the  Phenix  S.  M.  Co.,  the 
following  persons  were  elected  Trustees  to  serve 
for  the  ensuing  year:  Robert  Sherwood,  Presi- 
dent; A.  J.  Elli's,  H.  F.  Cutter,  T.  Wiswell,  O. 
Livermore,  and  Joseph  Maguire,  Secretary. 

Fkancis  M.  Co. — At  the  annual  stockholders' 
meeting  of  the  Francis  M.  Co.,  the  following 
Trustees'  were  chosen  for  the  ensuing  year: 
Messrs.  A.  C.  Peachy,  President;  Geo.  D 
Roberts,  J.  W.  Gashwiler,  Richard  Ivers  and 
M.  Mayblum.  T.  F.  Cronise  was  elected 
Secretary. 

Julian  G.  M.  Co. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Trus- 
tees of  the  Julian  Gold  M.  Co.,  T.  J.  Poulterer 
was  chosen  President;  M.  Mayblum,  Vice- 
President  ;  Alex.  Forbes,  Treasurer ;  T.  F. 
Cronise,  Secretary. 

Beckworth  M.  Co. — At  a  meeting  of  the 
Beckworth  M.  Co.,  the  following  officers  were 
elected  for  the  first  three  months :  President, 
Charles  Jones;  Vice-President,  G.  D.  Roberts; 
Secretary,  W.  H.  Watson ;  Treasurer,  Isaac 
Wormser. 


From  an  Old  Inventor. 

Marysville,  Cal.,  March  2,  1872. — Messrs.  Dewey  & 
Co.,  TJ.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent  Attorneys,  San  Francisco. 
My  Patent,  through  your  Agency,  is  received.  Please 
accept  my  warmest  thanks  for  the  ability  you  displayed 
n  obtaining  it.  Thirty  years  experience  in  inventing 
and  obtaining  patents  has  taught  me  the  lesson  that 
Uiat  patent  agency  is  the  cheapeBt  which  has  the  most 
ability,  integrity  and  energy:  and  without  flattery,  per- 
mit me  to  say  that  I  have  tried  the  most  prominent 
patent  agents  of  the  Atlantic  Coast,  and  have  never  had 
my  work  so  ably  done  as  by  your  firm.  I  have  carefully 
reviewed  the  specifications  and  claims  of  my  patent,  and 
am  unable  to  find  an  error,  nor  would  I  add  a  word  or 
line  thereto:  yet  it  is  the  most  complicated  and  difficult 
invention  to  specify  clearly  that  I  ever  invented:  still, 
your  lucid  specifications  and  drawings  so  divest  itof  its 
apparent  complication,  that  it  may  easily  bo  understood 
by  any  one.  Permit  me  to  say,  in  conclusion,  that  the 
inventors  of  this  coast  have  cause  for  just  pride  in  the 
possession  of  so  able  a  medium  as  Dewey  &  Co.,  through 
which  they  may  obtain  justice  at  the  Patent  Office. 

10v3-lam3t  Yours  truly,  S.  Pelton. 


A  NEW  BOOK  ON  MINING. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 
Companion:  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration.  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  GtO  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  ccin  or  its  equivalent) .  In  leather,  $12.  Postage, 
CO  cents  extra.  Issued  and  for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co., 
Patent  Agents  and  Publishers  Scientific  Press,  S.  F. 

COMPLETE  VOLUMES 

Of  the  Scientific  Press  can  be  had  from  January  1, 
1864,  to  date,  at  $3  per  single  vol.  or  $0  a  year.  They 
afford  the  cheapest  and  best  information  on  mining  and 
the  industry  of  this  coast  ol  any  work  published. 


RICHARD  H.  BUEL,  Consulting  Mechan- 
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ticularly to  Professor  K.  II.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
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10v24-13t    ■ 

State  University.— The  next  term  of  the  Prepara 
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The  course  of  study  embraces  the  Ancient  and  the 
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specially  adapted  to  the  University  curriculum. 

Terms,  $12  a  term.            GEOEGE  TAIT,  Oakland. 
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J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E.?  £ 

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CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD. 

San  Francisco  &  Sacramento. 


Leave  going  Kast. 
"4.00  PM|  7.00  AMI.. 
4.35pm  7.35am  .. 
4.10PM  7.00am  ... 
5.35pm'  8.35am|.. 
8.2ft  pm|  11.28  am 
8.48  fm  11.00  a 
10.40  pmI  1.45  pm 
Arrive  from  West. 


-San  Francisco. 

.Oakland 

San  Jose 

.Niles 

.Luthrop 

.Stockton  

.  Sacramento  . . . 


Arrive  from  East. 
8.30  PMi  "2.20pm 
8.00  pm  1.50  pm 
8.30  pm  2.10  pm 
7.05  PM  12.45  PM 
4.43  pm  9.45  pm 
4.07  pm  9.07  pm 
2.20  fmI    7.15  am 

Leave  going  West. 


Leave  going  Soutl 

I     3.00PM 

4.40  I'M 

|    5.30PW 

Arrive  from  North. 


San  Francisco  &  San  Jose. 


...San  Francisco,, 

...NileB 

...San  Jose 


Leave  going  South 

I    7.35  PM 

"9.45  am      8.25  pm 

11.35  am     9.15  pm 

2.40  pmI  12.15am 

Arrive  from  North 


Stockton,  Lathrop  &  Merced 


Arrive  from  South 

10.40AMI 

8.35am  : 

7.  Oam| 

Leave  going  .'  orth 


..  .Stockton.. 
...Lathrop... 
...Modesto... 
...Merced 


Arrive  from  South 

10.20  A  Mi 

9.30AM  *8.20PM 
8.13AM  6.45pm 
5.45  A  mJ    3.30  PM 

Leave  going  North 


Sacramento,  Colfax,  Reno  &  Og-den. 


5.40  P  M 
1.00  AM 
M.IOam 
12.00  M 
4.40  pm 
6.20  am 
Arrive  from  West. 
Sacramento, 
Leave  going  North  i 


..Sacramento 

.  .Colfax 

..Reno 

..Winnemucca... 
.  -Battle  Mountaii 

..Elko 

..Ogden 


10.20  A  M 

2.10  am 
4.15  pm 
1.25  PM 
8.45a 
5.20  pm 
Leave  go 


ng  West. 


•8.45  am 

10.25  a  M 
1.50  PM 
8.00  PM 


2.35  p ; 
3.25  vm\ 
5.15  pm 
B.8S  PM 
9.30  pm 
Arrive  from  South  I 


Marysville    &   Red   Bluff. 

Arrive  from  North 


...Sacramento  ... 

...Junction 

...Marysville 

...Tehama 

...RedBhuT 


1.05  PM 

12.15  PM 
10.20  am 
6.50  am 
6  00  am 
Leave  going  South 


*4.45PM 
3.25  pm 

12.00  M 
5.30  A  M 


San    Francisco,   "Vallejo    &    Calistoga. 


Leave  going  North 

•4.00  PMI     7.30  am 

6.B0  PM      9.30  AM 

7.1HPM     10.40AM 

8.50pmI     1.00pm 

Arrive  from  South 

San  Francisco, 

Leave  going  East. 

t7.30  A  Ml  *4.00  p  M 

9.35  AM      6.35  PM 

12.05  PM     10.1OPM 

I.OOpmI  1145pm 

Arrive  from  West. 


Arrive  fromNorth 
...San  Francisco..      8.00  pmi*11.30am 

. . .Vallejo . 6.05  p  m      9.30  a  m 

...Napa 4.50  pm     8.30  am 

. . . CaUstoga 3.00  p  m|    7.00  a  m 

(Leave  going  South 
"Vallejo  &  Knight's  Landing1. 

Arrive  from  East. 


.San  Francisco.. 

.Vallejo 

.Davis 

.Knight's  Land'g 


5.00  A  m|    2.30  pm 
Leave  going  West. 


Sari.  Francisco  &  Healdsburg;. 


*7.10am 

8.20  a  ji 
9  45am 
10.20  am 


4.35  PM 

5.110  I'M 

6.00  PM 
6.45  p  m 


Arrive  from  South 


'5.30  PM 
5.00  PM 
3.30  F  M 
2.00  p 


I  Arrive  trom  North 
*11.00  A  M 
8. '15  A  M 
8.20  AM 

...Santa.  Rosa I    7.30  am 

...Healdsburg 6.45  am     _. 

'Leave  going  South 

Stockton,   Milton  &  Oak  Dale. 

Arrive  from  South 

..  .Stockton 

...C.P.R.R.  Depot. 

...Peters 

..  .Milton 


11.52AM 

12.42  PM 
I     1.3-2  p  M 


I     1.44  PMI... 

Arrive  from  Northl 

"   CAL.  P.  R. 

Leave  going  East. 


*4.25  p  a 
3..VJ  pmI. 
3.02  PM  . 
2.12pmI. 


*4.00  p  M 
6.00  p  M 
7.00  p  M 


*4.00  pmI. 


Oak  Dale 2.01)  p  Ml 

Leave  going  North 

R.  CO.'S  STEAMERS. 

Arrive  from  East. 


,.San  Francisco. 

..Vallejo 

..Benicia 

.Stockton 

.Sacramento  ... 


10.00  p  m 


"8.00  P  M 
6.00  P  M 
5.00  r  M 


6.00  pm  ....Benicia 8.00  pu 

2.00am  ....Stockton 2.00pm 

'2.00  am Sacramento 12.00  M. 

Arrive  from  West.  Leave  going  West. 

C5"  Explanation.  "^a 

For  trains  running  "from"  San  Francisco,  take  the  left 
hand  columns  and  read  downwards. 

For  trains  running  "towards"  San  Francisco,  take  the 
right  hand  columns  and  read  upwards. 

OAKLAND  BR-ANCH.-Leave  San  Fkancisco,  7  00, 
8  10,  9  2".  H)  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  10,  1  .50,  3  00,  4  00,  5  15, 630, 8  0$ 
"20and*l"  "" 

Leave  L 

2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  "5  40,  G  .50,  8  00.  9  10.  10  00,  and  1110  a. 
m.,  1200,1  40,2  50.3.50.5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCII.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  11  15  a.  m..  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  Ou  p.  m.  (7  20, 11  15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  H  * ywards,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fnorr  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m„  130, 
4  05  and  5  30  p.m. 

"Sundays  excepted.       t  Sundays  only. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  M".  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt.  Gen'l  Supt. 


April  6,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


221 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 

0*ii*j  fa  tKetlai*  Htfi—arf  to  m-itl  the  prrvnl  tarft  tdit 
SfiinUfi'  Hrw  «*  a'*  nUia*d  to  go  to  pre**  on  Th  11 
ing—tekifh  it   (A*  *rry  UlttU  homr  ttt  cun  ro-rit*  adi</(M«*rai<. 

Inqomar    Silver     Mining    Company— Lo- 
cation of  work*.  Ely  M 

SUtoof   .NVvada. 

that  at  a  mi--'  [nf  of    the  Board  of 
TriuU«B<>f  .ji.i  <•. 

an  i r '   <•(  S6  c*nU  per   ihar*  wii   levied  u;-1"'1'' 

. 

,1    1  be  com- 

ling,    tw  California   ■treet, 

<    .i.     An)  *!'■<  L  U| 

•dull  retnalD   nnj  Bill  daj   ol   Hay, 

073,ahaJ  ami  will  '"♦  *!«'>   «■*•' 

ule  «t    public  auction,  an. I  m  : 
l,o  ma.).'  I  1  rtday,  lhallil  .1  ij  ol  m  ijt, 

.  trim  coata 
r.(  a-1  ■  ■  il    **le. 

By  order  of  the  Bo«rd  of  Tru»t«-w. 

Cli A  8.  8.  NE Al 
i!  B  dkUoi    No    119  1 

"f'Tina.  BpS-ll 

Marcelina  Silver   Mining    Company.  — Lo- 
ir   WarkB:    Ranka  district,   Lauder  County. 
N>  v»d». 

.1  that  at  a  meeting  of  tl 
ipanj  bold  on  the  i-ighth  day  of 
Uaxeli,  1873,  an  uwasmenl  ol  ten  cents   per  inure  wu 
I    ii  th.* .  apital  itooh  of  wild  company,  payable 

:.  United    States  Hold  andHilv.r  0O1&,  (" 
■    tary,  sit  the  office    ol  tin    Company,  Boom  21. 
Hay  ward'*  Building.  1 1'.'  Califwniia  street,  Suu  Fi    1 

Any  atock  upon  which  tuiid  aaaasamanl  >-hiiii  remain 
nnpa  d  on  thu  ftfteentb  diy  ol  April.  1873,  shall  be 
ii.  -in-  -i  deUnqneni,  and  will  bo  duly  advertised  lot  sale 
at  public  auction*  and  unless  payment  snail  bo  mado 
iH'f.jr.,  will  be  Hold  ou  Tuesday,  the  seventh  d«y  of 
M:iy,  187'i,  topay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
tdvertlelng  and  expenaea  of  Bale.  By  or- 
der of  tho  Board  of  Trustees. 

OHAS.  fi.  Elliott,  Secretary. 
onh'o,  K.1.1111  21,   rZayward'e  Building,  LIS  California 
■tract,  Ban  Francisco,  California.  niuri°-;tw 


PACIFIC      BRIDGE      COMPANY, 


Nevada    Land    and    Mining    Company— 

L         on;  Bprnee  Mountain,  Antelope  und  Ollxton   Uln- 

\ag  DLatnobi,  blko  Qoontot  State  u'  Nevada 

Notice  ii  hereby  given,  that  at  a  moeting  of  tlio  Board  of 

1  "f  said  comt»»uy.  held  on   the  Stb  day  of  March, 

is;j,  an  utr.'-iio'.'isi  of  four  cents  per  ihara  was  levied  opon 

tin*  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately, 

In  United  States  cold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  Co.  a 

nfflee,  room  '1.  \-j.   3 U   Montgomery  street,  Sun  ■  runciaco, 

forma. 

10k  upon  which  *<iid  a-si^sm-'nt  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Thursday  the  'id  day  of  May,  '872,  shall  he  deemed 
delinquent,  and  wilt  ue  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  pnblio 

,,u-- ,  and  unless  payment  shall   be   made  before,  will  bu 

.„M  „n   Fnd-iy  th«  21th    day  of    Hay,    1812,    to    pay  the  do- 

Unnuenl  aeaeesment,  together   with   cosis  <d  advertising 
andexnensea  of  aule.    By  order  of  the  Board   of   Trustees 
W.M.   H.    WATM.l.V.  Seer.-tar>. 
Ofllco— Room  h.  No.  302  Montgomery'  »t.,  Sun  I ■  nineisco, 
California.  inar.ilMd 


Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

ing  Company.— Location  of  Works:  Tayoltitu,  San  Dim  as 

District.  Dnraugo.  Mexico. 

.Niilii-c  i^  hiTi'liv  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Hoard  id 
Trust. -(-s  of  -aid  Company,  held  on  the  twelfth  day  of  -May. 
[,  men  t  ii  ft  wo  dol  lam  per  share  was  levied  npon 

isable  capital  StOOk of  Said  Company,  payable  1m- 
madiately.Jn  United  States  gold  und  silver  coin,  to  tho  Soo- 
r.'larv  !■:*  J.  I't'eilt'er,  .No.  JIU  Pi.-t  r.treel.  or  to  Lin-  Trei^u- 
rer,  A.  ffirnmelmann,  No.  tisT  Washington  street,  Sim  Frun- 
oIboo,  to  settle  the  Indebtedness  of  the  said  Company. 

And  whereas  there  has  been  an  error  in  the  course  of  pro- 

1 iinKs  for  the  collection  of  said  Assessment,  by  reason  of 

which,  us  provided  by  law,  all  previous  proceedings,  except 
the  levying  of  the  Assessment,  are  void,  and  publication  re- 
(inircd  to  bo  begun  anew,  NOW.  therefore,  by  order  of  the 
lliiard  id  Tni-.l_»:>'.-.  ->1  .said  Company,  at  a  meeting  ol  said 
Trustees,  held  on  the  eighth  day  ol  March,  IH?J,suid  Assess- 
ment in  hereby  re-publishcd,  und  notice  thereof  given  as 
follows,  to  wit: 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

log  Company.— Location  of  Works:  ToyoUita,  San  Dimas 


Dist 

Noti 
Trusti 
W(i». 


„...  Mexico. 

b by  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 

d  Company,  held  on  the  twelfth  day  of  May, 
dollar.-  per  share  was  levied  upon 


tiie  assessable  capital  slock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  l"<!iI  and  silvercoin,  to  the  Sec- 
retary. E.  J.  Pieiller,  No.  '£\0  Post  street,  or  to  tho  Treasu- 
rer, A.  IlimuioLuiann.  No.  IU17  Washington  street,  San  Fran- 
cisci  1,  tn  settle  the  indebt illness  uf  the  said  Company. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  fifteenth  day  of  April.  18;.!,  ahull  bo  deemed  de- 
li nquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  ut  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  wdl  be  sold 
on  Wednesday,  the  eighth  day  of  May,  1S72,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  coats  of  advertising 
und  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  tho  Board  of  Trustees. 
E.J.  PI'KIKFER.  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  210  Post  street,  Sun  Francisco,  Culifornia. 


Ophir  Copper.  Silver  and  Gold  Nl.  Com 

puny—  Location  of  Works,  Ophir,  Placer  County,  Cal. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  tho  18th  day  of  March. 
lWI2,an  assessment  nf  twenty  ('ill)  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  tho  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  ei.lri  and  silvercoin,  to  the  Secretary, 
N.  E  Cor.  Sunsome  and  lialleckStS.,  entrance  on  Halleck 
street,  San  Francisco.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assess- 
ment shall  remain  unpaid  on  the  20th  day  of  April,  1872, 
ahull  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised 
for  sale  ut  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be 
male  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  17th  duy  of  May, 
1H72,  topay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  coats 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  R.  G.  BRUSH.  Secretary. 

Office,  N.  E.  Corner  Sansomo  und  Halleck  Streets,  S.  F. 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Gompany— 

Location  of  -works:  Calaveras  County,  California. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  Btock,  on  amount  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
16th  day  of  February,  1S72,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholder  as 
follows. 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.       Am't, 


OAKLAND,      CAL-, 

ARE     PREPARED     TO     BUILD     ALL     KINDS     OF     WOODEN     BRIDGES     ON 

Smith's    Patent    Truss    Flan. 


Theso   Bridges  hnve  "been  thoroughly  tested  in  the  East  for  Three  Years,  and  wherever  tried  have  proved  superior    to    any    other 
Bridge  in  the  following  points: 

lit  ing  built  of  wood  entirely,  they  are  not  affected  by  change  of  temperature. 

The  timber  used  is  placed  so  directly  in  the  line  of  strain,  that  lesa  material  is  required  to  support  the  same  load. 

It  is  imt  perceptibly  affected  by  shrinkage.     It  is  the  most  Economical  Bridge  built.     It  is  adapted  to  any  practicable  Length  op  Span. 

Plans,  Specifications  and  Terms  will  be  sent  to  any  County,  Township  or  Person  wishing  to  build  a  Bridge,  and  no  charge  made  unless  the 
Plan  is  used.     For  all  Public  Bridges  the  Plan  will  always  be  open  to  competition. 

Smith's  celebrated  CAST  IRON  PIER,  economical,  and  adapted  to  heavy  currents,  built  at  low  rates. 
0.  H.  GOERTLL,  Secretary.  "VT.    M.    GORRILL,    President. 


STEVEXSOiYS  PATEXT    MOULD  BOARD    AMALGAMATING   PAN, 


This  Pan  is  far  snperior  to  all 
others  in  several  important  particu- 
lars. The  grinding  mullers  are  near 
the  center,  requiring  leas  power. 
Tho  plow-shaped  grooves  [raise  the 
quicksilver  with  the  pulp  regularly, 
with  less  power,  without  violence, 
and  with  better  amalgamating  ef 
feet,  besides  admitting  of  a  larger 
charge.  Tho  inclined-shaped  hous- 
ings of  tho  rauller-plate  openings 
efficiently  force  the  pulp  directly 
under  tho  mullers. 


It?has  been  constantly  running 
for  over  eight  months,  and  has 
proved,  in  competition,  to  produce 
a  higher  percentage  of  bullion, 
with  less  power  and  with  great 
saving  of  quicksilver,  over  any 
other  pan  in  use.  It  is  simple  in 
construction  and  operation,  and 
cheaper  in  first  cost  and  economy 
in  wear. 


120 


600 


1  ii 

119 
60 


CO,) 


F.  S.  Spring,  Trustee 44 

E.  F.  Dennison Vi 

A  E.  Hill,  Trustee 40 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trustee 39 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trustee 37 

A.  E.  Richardson,  Trustee  36 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trustee 31  BU  ^ou 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  mado  on  the  15th  day  of  February,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stoch  as  may  be  nec- 
essary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  ofllco  of  tho 
Company,  No.  409  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
California,  on  the  16th  day  of  April,  1872,  at  the  hour  of 
12  o'clock  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.  T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 

Office,  409  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

mar30-3t 


Spring   Mountain   Tunnel   Company,   Ely 

Mining  District.  Piocho.  Nevada. 

Notice  ia  hereby  given,  thut  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  12th  day  of  March. 
1872,  an  ussesbment  01  fifteen  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary',  at  the 
office  of  the  company.  Room  ST,  Merchants'  Exchange,  Cali- 
fornia street,  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco.  California. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  22d  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  Bale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  Bold  on  Mon- 
day, the  1 3th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale,    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  M.  BUFFINCTON,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  37,  Now  Merchant's  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  marl6-td 

San  Francisco,  March  16,  1872. 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-Ib.  Can  Press  (or  $65;   Botary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15,  etc.  13v24-13t 


st£lr'  Mining  Tools 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBINE  WATER  WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-Saving  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stock  of  En- 
gineers', Miners',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 
Mill  Supplies. 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 
At  the      1      Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Sts., 
Old  Stand,  (                                          SAN  FRANCISCO. 
12v21-eow^ . 


Manufactured  at  the  Golden  State  Iron  Works  (Co-operative).  19  First  street,  S, 


Whero  (t  can  bo  examined  and  further  particulars  be  learned  ;  or  persons  may  apply  to  tho  inventor  and  pat- 
entee, Mr.  C.  O.  STEVENSON,  at  the  Douglas  Mine, .Gold  Hill,  State  of  Nevada,  where  the  Pans  have  long 
been  in  constant  operation.  15v20-lmr,lamtf 


Siempre  Viva  Silver  Mining  Co.— Lo- 
cation of  worka.  District  of  Zarngoza,  Sinaloa.  Mexico. 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  25th  duy  of  March, 
1872,  un  usseHsmont  of  35  cents  per  share  was  levied  up  >n  the 
oapital  stuck  of  said  company,  payable  immi  diately,  in  U. 
S.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  i  lie  office  of  the  company. 
No.  3U  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assi  BBmont  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Thurs- 
day, the  2d  day  of  May,  1872.  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  mado  before,  will  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  2*tlth  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
Bale,    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 
Office,  No,  314  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Pocahontas  Gold  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Mud  Springs,  El  Dorado  County,  State 
of  California.  .  __ 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  2(>th  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1872,  an  assessment  of  Five  Dollars  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  company,  Room  No.  :fi.  Hnyward'a  Building, 
No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Oallturnia.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  iiHse-sinent  *hall  remain  unpaid  on 
Saturday,  tho  6th  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  bo  deemed  de- 
linquent, and  will  be  duly  adverti-ed  for  sale  nl  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  he  made  before  will  bo 
sold  on  Monday,  the  Hth  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertis- 
ing and  expenses  of  the  saie. 

D.  A.  JENNINGS,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  No.  2G,  Hayward'e  Building,  419  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
February  26, 1872.  mar2-5w 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 
ing Company.—Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  20th  day  of 
Moroh,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Three  ($3.00)  dollarB  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stuck  of  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  Slates  gold  und  silver  coin, 
to  tho  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  ottice  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  634  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  23d  dav  of  April,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  aale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  mado  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Tuesday,  the  Hth  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment.,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  TrusteeB. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 
Office  634  Washington  street,  Room  No.  2,  up  stairs,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.   Office  hours  from  11  A.M,  to  2  p.m.     m23-4t 


MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 
33s.  SCEOLI,    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  ItArmoAD,  Car,  and  Aqbi- 
cui/nmAL  Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
BSF"  Superior  to  any  in  uae. 

J.   A.   FAY  &   CO., 

CrNODTNATi,  Ohio. 


The    Christian    World, 

Cincinnati,  Ohio, 

A   FIRST-CLASS    RELIGIOUS  JOURNAL. 

Large  Eielit-Pag-e  "Weekly. 

DEVOTED   TO 

The   Church,  Christian  Culture,  Literature 
and  News. 

Samuel  Mease, Editor. 

Louis  Melius Assistant  Editor. 

Office,  176  and  178  Elm  street. 

$2  PER  ANNUM,  IN  ADVANCE. 

89"  A   New    and    Beautiful    Chromo,    "  CHRIST  19 
RISEN,"  to  each  New  SunBCETBEB. 
Try  it  one  year.    You  will  be  pleased. 
Specimen  copies  feee.  bplt 


222 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  6,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


ESTABLISHED    18S1. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAM  FEAK0IS0O 

HA   P.   KANXIIT.  A.  P.  BBAITOII, 

GEO.  IV.  FOGG,  Superintendent. 

Steam  Engines  and  Boilers, 

MAE1SE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
sriceB,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

ay  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Jtpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  OELE- 
3KATED  PATENT  QOYEENOB. 

18v20-3m  QODDABD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANDFAIJTURKKB    OF 

STUS-A^M    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    IFloxir    and    ©aw   Mills, 

Hayes'  Improved   Steam  Pump,  Brodle's  Im- 
proved     Crusher,      Mining     Pnmpi, 
Amalifamatorii  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  abOTe  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  S-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 
MACHINE       WORKS, 

109  and   111   Mission  Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say:— 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and.  Saw  Mills, 

aOAKTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  ETERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  iu  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  k  CO.'S. 

ALSO,   BIANDTAOTUriEK  AND   SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Pracy's    Celebrated.    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v2Stf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

8TEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 


WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Dunbar's  Patent  Self-Adlastlnir  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  machinery* 

Front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets, 

Saoramrnto  Oitt 

PACIFIC 

RoUing  Mill   Company, 

SAN   FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND   OTHER   IRON 

—  AHD  — 

Every  Variety  of  SrvhafTiriy;, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 
Steamboat    Shafts,  CrunttN,    1*1  sum    and    Con- 
necting Bodi,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 
and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

i9»  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
3JMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cah.wiU  ceive 
prompt  attention 

**-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vU3m 


ALFRED    S.    MOORE    &.    CO., 


428    SA1TSOME    STREET, SAN  FRANCISCO. 


H 

H 
H 

« 

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0 


0 

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Importers    and    Dealers    in 

Iron  and  Brass  Force  and  Lift  PUMPS,  Hydraulic  Rams, 

GARDEN  ENGINES, 

BUTCHERS'  PICKLE  PUMPS, 

CHEAP  DEEP  WELL  LIFT  PUMPS, 

DEEP  "WELL  FORCE  PUMPS, 

BAILEY  FEED  PUMPS, 

STEEL  AMALGAM  FARM  BELLS, 
PIPE  HOSE,  HOSE  PIPES, 

COUPLINGS,  ETC., 


ETC. 


The  above  named  goods  are  unequaled  for  finish  by  any  others  in  the  market,  and  the  prices  will  compare 
favorably.  For  instance,  the  price  of  the  Three-inch  Force  PUMP  represented  in  the  cut,  with  air  chamber  hav- 
ing two  outlets,  is  FIFTEEN  DOLLARS.  Illustrated  Catalogue  sent  upon  application.  Pipe  cut  to  any  required 
length,  and  estimates  furnished.  13v3-lam-bp 


FISHER'S 
KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 
Cheapest  and   Best 
Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 


HYDEAULIC     CHIEF. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OEDEE, 

to    throw   from 
One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

STREAM. 


The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
9v23-tf      *  AddreBS  F.  H,  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE- 1  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, Belling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  & 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hoskin,  as  the  same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


THE    KISr>OIV 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Comer  of  JBciUe  and  Howuid  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  {Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors s 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane 

Wm.  Norris,  "Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  "Walker. 

WM,  H.  TAYLOR Prosidcnt. 

0.  E.  MoLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MfclAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  130  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &  BOLAND, 

IRON    FOXJISTI>EI4!S. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3ni 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Fbanoisco. 

Machinery  and  Casting's  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysvillT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating-  Machinery, 

SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 

STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDEAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 

Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.  Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 

5v21-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  125  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition.Zinc,  and  Babbit  tMeta 
Castings,  Brass  Whip  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  and  Steamboat  Bella  and 
Qongsof  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
draullc  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tiona  of  all  sizes  and  patterns.furnished  with  dispatch 
«-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -ffit 
J.   H.  WEED-  V.  KING  WELL. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    «Sc    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  moBt  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor.    First    und    Mission.    8ts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty, 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  sizg. 

Irrigating-    Pumps.     Steam   Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.  BOOTH.  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT.  IRVING M.  SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Boale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 
San  Francisco. 

LIGHT  ASH  HEATT  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vI6qr 


tSAJV    rBATfCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUFACTTJItEBS   OF   ALL  KINDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts, 

13  and  15  Drunim  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


Machinery. 


N.  Seiberfs  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE    HIGHEST    PREMIUM 

Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  Bteam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodn  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rinjis  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  1, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  Bhut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  Februnry  14,  1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works.  126  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

M.VNUFACTUEEItS     OF 


WOOD-WORKING  [MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 
Philadelphia. 


Sty  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty, 


2v23-ly 


MCAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
KOILEK     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  et,  between  Fremont  and  Boale,  San  Francisco. 


April  6,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


223 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

PotntO,  Bobrao   rim  t.  bet.  Tennessee  and  U 
streets,  Sam  Fuakcuco. 

BLanufacttirera  of  New  Files. 
Old  Filfo  ru-cut  and  warranted  t-'jual  tu  rniwr. 
It  1;  A  1*1:  It  AM*  Mow  lit  IEOTZOHB,  B  \  its 

AND  KXIVEHOOMPLLTK, 
at  a  waving  of  50  per  cent.    Order*  from  tbo  country 
pruuip.ly  atlecdwl  to.  •j\V.> -0} 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  Copart- 
nership biTfUifom  fxtntiti^  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
CbarK-it  W.  Randall  ami  J.   <iii».    Burt,    QDdV  U»C   Arm 

name  of  *' Severanci-,  HoItJt  Oo.,"  istnlada] 

by  mutual  conaent.    A.  J,  Bereranoe,  having  purchased 

iD  the  tntereet  oi  bis  lato  partners,  will  001 

of  manufacturing  and  leUIng  Diamond  Drills, 
an  b  -fi  [■••,  onder  Urn  stylo  oi  I 
l>atM  s«n  Fnnclaeo,  Not.  M,  L8T1. 
Office,  310  California  utroet.     A.    I     - 

CHAS,  ii.  BANDALL, 
32-T23-tf  J.  UUB.  UUCI. 


THEODORE   K-AXLENBERG, 
MAOHIJVI8T, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventor*.    All  kinds  of  Dlitf, 

HUini'N  and  Pancnsa  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Bspalrins; done  on  rcarj  Bauonable  Terms  and  In  the 

t*>a  manner.    No.  3'J  Fremont  street,  s.  F.       LBYSS-Sm 


VTM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsou, 
BAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTlVn,    CAR. 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wugon  Spring*  mude  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


CALWAVELL'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  tho  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
ami  115  Bealo  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v2.-3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 


JOS.    THORNHXXL, 
T5r  I  delayer   and    Contractor. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  binds  of  Firo  Work, 
such  as  Boilers,  Furnaces,  Ovens,  Grates,  Ranges,  etc 

Orden  left  with  0.  W.  White,  47  Clay  street.  JOS. 
THORNHILL,  1612  Mason  street,  near  Green,  will  be 
promptly  attended  to.  24v21-3m 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
In  length  and  1G0  feet  high,  und  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  live  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t         Placerville,  Cal. 


NELSON    <&  X>OBLE, 

AGENTS  FOB 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

81  e dice  1,    Hammer**,    Stone    Cnttern',    Black 

«nilf ti«'  und  H o rue-Shoe rH*  Tools. 

13  and  lSFreraontstreet,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
lOvHqr 


SHEET     IROIV     PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  A8PHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  Bame  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  tho  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  Bizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

Jfc?"  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

PATTERNS     AND     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry). 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Btreets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  6v23-3m 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM    PUMPS. 

WHAT   IS    SAID    BY   THOSE  WHO   USE  THEM. 


SALEM,  Oregon,  January  16th,  1972. 
MnSBS.IU:itKY.t  1'I.ACE.  SanFranci*co— Getill-imn:  Id  answer  to  your  query  regarding  the  working  of  the  lartfe  Blake 
Steam  Pump,  oor  company  purchased  of  you,  wo  would  say  in  all  sincerity  that  the  pump  ha*  mxetnM  mo  **|*f«f**fMt. 
It  liaabovnin  u*  <t  September.  1*71,  and  baa  thus  far  bjymi  tli«  most  perfect  satis  faction.  It  does  itawork 

with  cas'\  doesn'-t  gel  on!  Ql  order,  and  nqobei  bQl  liltln  or  no  attention  to  run  it.    It  is  siMri.K,  DURAiiLK,  and  iTU- 
rrcr  iu  its  construction.    We  haw  found  it  entirely  satisfactory  and  just  the  pump  in  «r<ry  rt^wri  needed  for  our  work. 

Yours,  racpoottullr.  W.  F.  BOOTHY,  Ptw'i  Balem  Water  Works. 
PHOHZZ  MINE,  Napa  County,  January  Ktli.  1872. 
Mrssiis.  BKItRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gentlemen:  Tho  No.  8,  Blako  Steam  Pump  wo  bonfht  of  you  last  fall  is 
doing  good  iMTUCf.  Wo  are  having  a  large  amount  of  w*U*r  to  contend  with  during  thin  »tonny  wiather;  hut  the  pump 
throws  it  all  out  of  tho  main  *haft  (IAD  feot  deep)  with  perfect  oaae,  anrl  in  only  working  from  <*)  to80«troke«  a  mimite. 
It  isecoiiipletf  pump  and  no  mistake.  We  aro  well  Satisfied  "itli  Its  working,  ami  if  you  wish  to  ass  the  nam©  of  our 
company,  as  a  reference,  you  are  at  liberty  to  do  ao.     VerjT  reep'tly,  GEO,   FELLOWS.  Stipt.  Phtsnix  QniekflUVM  U    Oo 

OFFICE  STARS  MILLS.  VAXLEJO,  OaL,  January  13th,  1872. 
Hrssbs.  BERRY  i  PLACE,  San  Francisco—  C.Y  dUi  men:  We  are  pleased  to  state  that  tho  No.  3  Blako  Pump  purohasod 
of  you,  baa  constantly sappUed  our  three  boilura  for  the  iwist  year,  with  water  heat  to  above  boiling  point  with  one  of 
Armstrong's  Patent  Heaters.    It  ban  given  us  no  trouble-  nor  expense,  and  haa  in  (kot  fully  come  up  to  your  recommenda- 
tions. Yours.  Etc.,  STARR  BROS.  A  CAMPBELL. 

OFFICE  S.  J.  WOOLENi'CO.,  SAN  JOSE.  January  29th,  1872. 
Messrs.  BERRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gentlemen :  Wo  have  used  a  No.  6  Blako  Steam  Pump  now  for  about  two 
years,  both  as  a  Tank  Pump  and  aa  a  Eire  Pump  in  case  of  need:  and   it  has  given  excellent  satisfaction.    /Imfinuin 
ectry  rapctt.  Very  respectfully,  B.  F.  PECKHAM,  Prea't  San  Joao  Woolon  Co. 

BELMONT.  Cal.,  February  6th,  1872. 
Mh»BS.  TREADWELL  A  CO.— Gentlomcn:    In  reply  to  your  inquiry  concerning  tho  largo  Blako  Steam  Pump,  pur- 
ohasod of  Berry  A  Placo,  by  Mr.  Ralston,  I  will  say.  that  it  gives  entire  miti'faciim,  even  working  as   It  now  is,  where  no 
other  Pump  could;  for  it  Isalprsaanl  id  /est  undSr  water,  yet  it  does  its  work  FKBRCTLTi 

Yours,  Etc.,  J.  E.BUTLER,  Supt.  "Water  Works  and"  Engineer  at  W.  0.  Rulston's. 


Hand  Power 


BLAKE'S  PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

1  Pumps  have  been  tt-Bted,  nod  found  to  be  indisputably  without  nn  equal  wherever  tried.    They  have  been  sold 

11  Hi"  Pacific  States  now  for  nearly  three  years,  and  we  are  willing  every  one  in  use  may  bo  referred  to;  every  Pump  will 
speak  for  itself.     I  boy  are  constructed  iu  the  most  simple  style,  und  built  in   the  most  thorough  manner — especially  cul- 

"  tho  BliikcPump  may  be  Hummed  up  11^  follows: 
Mining  und  Fire  purposes;  in 
Breweries,  Tanneries,  Sugar 
Houses,  Factories,  Mills,  Laun- 
dries, and  u«  boiler  Feeders, 
wlieiuversteitm  is  employed.  In 
fuel,  wherever  water  or  other 
I  i'i  11  itln  are  desired  to  be  raised 
in  large  or  fiuall  quantities,  or 
against  heavy  or  light  pressure, 
it  is  tho  cheapest  and  best 
Pump  that  can  bo  used.  It  is 
offered  to  tho  public  as  the 
most  perfect  independent  steam 
Pump  ever  invented.  Forty 
different  sizes  are  made,  capa- 
ble of  throwing  from  1,000  to 
200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and 
adapted  to  any  class  of  work 
that  may  bo  required.  Every 
lump  will  he  warranted  to  per- 


flated for  simplicity,  durability  und  power.  Bornu  of  the  advantages  of  t 
It  is  positive  onder  any  pres- 
sure. May  bo  run  slow  or  last 
as  may  bo  desired.  Will  dis- 
charge more  water  than  any 
others  of  tho  h  uuo  dimensions. 
Has  no  leaky  joints,  the  steum 
part  being  cast  in  one  entire 
piece.  Tho  steam  valve  is  per- 
lectly  balanced,  is  cushioned  at 
euch  end.  and  slides  with  the 
greatest  facility  having  110  earn*, 
nor  complex  rotary  arrangement* 
to  ;j,t  Dill  Of  order.  Will  stiirt  at 
any  iiointof  (be  stroke, und  will 
discharge  all  the  water  of  con- 
densation. The  Pump  has  no 
crank  or  fly-wheel,  thereby  sav- 
ing a  considerable  item  of  ex- 
pense to  the  purchaser.  Hi 


><  watching,  and  is  consequent-  ^^H|  jBI     **"•  ^^  .       ^f       furm  the  work  required  oi    il  1". 

ly  ready  to  start  without  using       ^^^^BnBBn^Hr- ~>-         ' -■..■^"~--^'  ">^.  '        -i5  ""'  purchaser,  or    it    may  be  re- 

u  starting  bar  or  any  hand  work         t§|b?I^ ,      "v.      ^*>-^,^^v^  -;:?  turned  and  tho  mnmy  will   be 

\\  batever.    The   Blake  pump  in  ^^>K^5-??^n^        "'-  cheerfully  rerunded.  The  Blako 

extensively  used  on    Railroads  ^^s*^S^?^:i:,*'>^'-' — ^Ss^S-**-  Pump   was     awarded    a    silver 

and  Steamboats,  in  Hotels;  for  Medal  at  the   exhibition  of  the 

Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco,  and  State  Fair  at  Sacramento,  as  being  the  best  steam  Pump  on  exhibition.  The 
agents  have  recently  imported  several  id  the  largest-sized  Mining  Pumps  fur  water  works,  and  deep  mines,  and  will  be 
pleased  to  refer  parties  to  them;  we  claim  for  it.  that,  it  is  the  most,  simple  anil  durable,  and  consequently  the  best  Steam 
Pump  ever  built  For  sale  by  TREA DWELL  .k  CO..  Machinery  Depot,  old  stand,  corner  of  Market  and  Fremont 
streets,  San  Francisco,  who  will  he  pleased  to  send  circulars  to  any  address,  or  show  its  advantages  to  parties  calling  on 
thorn. 


It  has  no  Cams  or  Rotary  Complex  Valves.    It  has  stood  the  test  wherever  tested. 

IT    IS    SIMPLE,     COMPACT,  DURABLE,    AND    POWERFUL. 

EiPMnnufac hired  by  Geo.  F.  Blako  &  Co.,  Boston,  who  build  and  have  on  hand  a  larger  variety 
of  Steam  Pumps  than  nny  other  concern  in  the  country,  embracing  forty  different  sizes,  and 
capable  of  throwing  from  1,000  to  200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and  adapted  to  every  description  of 
work  required.    Egp'Send  for  circular  and  prices. 

The  largest  stock  in  the  country  at  the  Machinery  "Warehouse  of 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Manufacturers'   Agents,   corner  Market   and  Front  Streets,   San   Francisco. ' 
EP  Machinery  Depot  for  Miners,  Millmen,  and  Engineers'  Supplies.    Iron  and  Wood  Ma- 
chinery; Portable  Engines;   Mills;   Machinists'  and  Mechanics',  Miners'  and  Fanners'  Tools; 
Sturtevant's  Blowers,  Turbine  "VVaterwheels,  Etc.,  Etc. 


Extract     fi-oni     Official     Iteport    of    Mechanics'    Institute-    iFaix*     of     San 

Francisco,      1871. 

"  Iu  the  foregoing  trials  it  appeal's  that  the  most  efficient  Pump  on  exhibition  is  the  KNOWLES.  The  worli- 
manship  on  this  Pump  is  also  very  good.  We  would  therefore  recommend  that  this  Pump  receive  a  Silver  Medal. 
(Diploma  awarded) .    Signed  by  the  Committee  : 


llv^i-awbp 


O.  W.  DICKIE, 
CHAS.  E.  STEIGEB, 


Tf.  EFPELSUEniER, 


H.  B.  ANGELL, 
MELVILLE  ATWOOD.' 


CAMERON'S 

steam;  pumps. 

PIOKEMNG'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GIPFAKD'S 

INJECTORS. 

EAETOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface   Condensers. 
DAVHTSTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STEEET,  S.  E. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  "Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


CELEBRATED 


SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest   Notice. 

All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing: 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 

RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  nit  kinds  of  Ore*,  and  particular  Attention 
PAID  TO 

COK8IQKMENTS  OF  GOODS. 

•TlUm 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

4.21    *ilinu-»i rv   Si.  up   "tiiitn. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores, 
Mini'i-iilH,     Metallurgical     Prodmlts,     Mineral    W&telHj 

SoilK,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

Ony  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  iu  At-Miying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  llv'Jl-iJm 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint,  3.  F.) 

A-ssaiyev  and  Metal lxii'cica} 

CHEMIST. 
Jio.    Gil     Comtnvrclal    Street, 

(Opposite  tho  TJ.B.  Branch  Mint. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  7?21-3ra 


NEVADA  METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  St.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

KIOTTE  &    l.l'CKII.l  ICUT. 

Orei    CruMhed,    Niimpled    und    Annayed. 

Having  added  Pane,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus tu  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. );--i  i-.riis  guarronteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur* 
ical  quob  tions  given.  2Gvt!l-3m 

J.  W.   THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  'W.  Howland  £  Co,,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment. 

ALL  OnDEKS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  SvlM-fim 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    5ia    CALIFOBNIA    8TKEET, 

One  Door  "West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.   A.   MARS,   Assayer. 
8^"  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v2C 


Q.  W.  BTnONG. 


W.  L. 8THONO 


C.   W.   STRONG   &   CO., 

Metallurgical    "Woi-lts, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 


We  purchase  OreB,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and. 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v2*2tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  "Wire,  Etc,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOE, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22vl8' 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPOBTEKS    OF    AND    DEALEBS    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  :«nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FBANCISCO. 

We  would  call  tho  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stocb:  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

— AND  — 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  minoB  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifi- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers — 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware -  a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bai  s  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboyB  aud  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Cart).  Soda.  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  ChemicalB 

and  Reagents  required  by  ABSayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
B£?"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grain*  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


224 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[April  6,  1872. 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office, 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  1860,  this  ■weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
■world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  Summary  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  U.  S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incorporations,  Share  Mar- 
ket, Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  (with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit- 
able at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.     Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


OEWEY    ^te   CO., 

SCIENTIFIC     PRESS 

U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 

PATENT     AGENCY. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDEK,  A.  SSO.    S    GIANT    POWDEK, 

Somewhat  Blower  in  Its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BAJVK     BH§TING,     COAL     MINES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUOH    WOKE    WHEKE    THE    ROOK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 
IPriee.    SO  Cents  per    round. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 
20v22-3ml6p 


BASDMA1TH",  NIELSEN  &  CO., 

General  Agents,  No.   210  Front  Street. 


ROOT'S   PATEIT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY    BLOWER. 


MANUFACTURED   AT  THE 


GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First    Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  18G6;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships,  Requires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co. 's  Brass  Foun- 
dry, San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  E.  It.  Co.'e  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coaBt. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  an  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  thogenuinc 
article.  Q,uartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron, 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Horse-Power  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

iv2itt  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


Huntington's   Improved   Shingle   Machine. 

PATENTED    DECEMBER    ?,    1870. 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  Bide  of  the  continent. 
Established  in  18G0.  Inventors  can  rely  upon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Longfamiliarity  with 
Mining,  Farming,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
thiB  coaBt,  enables  ub  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Inventobb  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Union,  and  oftentimes  savo  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  worthy  djventionb  patented  by  us 
will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  most  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Pbebb  and 
the  pAcrno  Bubal  Press. 

Send  for  our  52-page  illustrated  Patent  Circtjlar, 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  stamp.  AIbo  the  TJ.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870. 

DEWEY    &    CO., 
No.  338  Montgomery   st.,    S.   E.   cor.    California   St., 

diagonally  across  from  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


o 

w 


r        5 


*=   3"  O   ™ 

oDcc 

if-"! 


These  Machines  are  in  use  at  the  Mills  owned  by  the  following  parlies:    Macpherson    &  AVetherbce,  San 
FranciBCo;    Pope  &  Talbot,  San  Francisco;   Hanson  &  Co.,  Redwood  City;    Bice  Jfe  Haliburton,  Woodside;    S.  P. 
PhariB,  Woodside;  Hurrington  &  Co.,  Pescadero;  Buret.  &  Co.,  Pescadero;  A.  Saunders,  Poiut  Arena. 
Steam  Engines,  Sawmills,  Planing,  Lath  and  Picket  Machines,  etc.,  made  to  order,  at  short  notice. 
3v24-lam-6m  '  P.  A.  HUNTING-TON,  IS  and  20  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


W.  T.  GARRATT  &  CO- 

AC  I  T  Y 
Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Priction  or  Babbet  Metal 

'     CASTINGS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN  Ai\l»  ,AN1>  EBLLft,  OOX«8, 
FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND   LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  JoinlB,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per  Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  CockB,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished  with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufacl 
turer  of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal," 

8^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GARRATT,  JAMES  HTLLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 

N.  W.  SPATJLDLWG, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTURER  OF 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World, 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Frilled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  KOYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Fbancibco. 


MAGAZINES. 

Harper's 

Atlantic 

Godey 

New  York  Ledger.. . 

Blackwood 

Hours  at  Home 

Good  Words 

Peterson  s 

Arthur     

Lady  8  Friend 

FInrpcr's  Weekly 

Chimney  Corner. . . . 

Literary  Album 

London  Society 

All  the  Year  Round. 
London  Til.  News. 


3  00 

5  00 

6  00 

IS  00 


W.  E.  LOOMIS, 
News  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

_  SUPPLIES  ALL* 

Eastern    Periodicals, 

BY  THE 

Tear,  Month,  or  Number 


MIISTING^    BUREAU 


Pacific   Coast. 


Sacramento  City  Office  at  Vice-Consulate  of  Franco. 
San  Francisco  Office,  331  Montgomery  street  (Steven- 
son's Building) ,  Room  32,  Third  floor. 

J.  BERTON,  Preaidont. 
E.  P.  Hutchins,  secretary. 

N.  B.— Application  for  Registry,  ^r  Examination  and 
Report  on  Mining  Property,  may  be  made  to  the  Secre- 
tary, San  Francisco  office. 


<&'eiilf,ii-cllfl0£ne  Jo  ur$ 


Tt  is  one  of  the  Largest,  best  Illustrated  and  most  Original 

and  Enterprising  Agricultural  Journals  in  America, 

and  has  no  rival  on  the  western  aide  ol  the 

Continent.    Its  circulation  is  Rapidly 

Increasing,  and  it  is  Very 

Popular  with  its 

PatronB. 

JL  NEW  HTJSBAJVDItY, 

as  it  were,  is  required  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  account  of  its 
peculiar  seasons,  soil,  climate  and  topography.  Tho  new 
discoveries,  ideas,  and  useful  hints  evolved  in  its  rapid 
progress,  are  to  he  observed  with  interest,  and  read,  as  re- 
ported in  the  Pacific  Rural,  with  profit  by  practical  and 
progressive  agriculturists  everywhere.  Sample  copies  of 
the  Press,  post  paid,  10  cts.    Subscription,  $4  a  year. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 
No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  SanFranoisco,  Cal.    Nov.,1871 


IMPORTANT    MINING    BOOK. 


Mines,  Mills,  ami  Furnaces  of  the  Pacific 

States  and  Territories;  An  Account  of  the  Condition, 
Resources,  and  Methods  of  the  Mining  and  Metallur- 
gical Industry  in  those  Regions,  Chiefly  Relating  to 
the  Precious  Metals.    By  Rossitcr  "W.  Raymond,  Ph. 
D.,  Vice-President  Am,  Inst,  of  Mining  Engineers; 
Editor  "Engineering  and  Mining  Journal."    Author 
of  "  Mines  of  the  West,"  "American  MineB  and  Min- 
ing," etc.    J.  B.  Ford  k  Co.,  1  vol.  8vo.  458  pp.  Ex- 
Cloth.    Sold   by   Dewey   &   Co.,   publishers  Scien- 
tific Press,  San  Francisco,  at  publishers' rates,  $3.60. 
This  volume  will  scarcely  need  to  be  recommended  tn 
those  who  are  acquainted  with  the  "Mines  of  the  West." 
"American  Mines  and  Mining,"  and  other  professional 
publications  of  its  author.     The  present  work  is  in  no 
sense  a  repetition  of  Mr.  Raymond's  former  ones.    It 
contains  a  full  and  comprehensive  account  of  the  con- 
dition of  the  gold  and  silver  mining  industry  of  the 
United  States,  with  practical  recommendations  of  great 
importance  to  those  engaged  in  it.    The  chapter  on  the 
treatment  of  auriferous  ores  in  Colorado  is  the  best  ac- 
count of  the  stamp-mill  process  ever  published  in  this 
country;  and  the  general  discussion  of  (smelting  processes 
for  silver  ores  supplies  an  instant  want.    The  series  of 
volumes,  of  which  this  forms  the  third,  which  have 
proceeded  from  the  rapid  but  careful  pen  of  Commis- 
sioner Raymond,  are  recognized  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe  as  professionally  authoritative  and  popularly 
interesting  to  a  remarkable  degree.    To  be  technically 
accurate,  but  not  technically  abstruse,  is  their  salient 
and  acknowledged  merit. 


Rubber 

and 

Oak -Tanned 

Leather 

New  Stock,  just  in;  Pawtuckct  manufacture;  stand- 
ard quality— warranted  the  best.  Come  and  Bee  and  get 
prices,  or  give  it  a  trial. 

TREADWELL   &    CO., 

12v24-eow     Market,  cor.  Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Important    to    Miners. 

FEET'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quiclcsilver. 

For  particulars  address 
TATEBS  &  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  Ei  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
3v24-3m 


RICHARD  H.   STRETCH,  ICivil  Engineer, 
Oity   and   County    Sm^veyor. 

Office— Room  10,  City  Hall.  Ilv24-Sm 


An    Illustrated    Journal   of    Scientific     and       l»\^'       Industrial    Progress, 


tit  tit  g 


BY    I>EWEY    -Sc    CO. 

1*111. Mil        S.,|I.II.H.,. 


cthan 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  13,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

j>  »i  in  1  m-  r     15. 


9 


m 

llllll 

111! 


Improved   Furnace  for  Roasting   and 
Chloridizlng  Crushed  Ores  in  Bulk. 

Oar  illustration  represents  a  sectional 
view  of  an  improved  furnace  for  roasting 
metallic  ores  to  be  used  in  connection  with 
an  improved  process  for  so  doing,  by  the 
same  inventor.  The  peculiarity  of  the  in- 
vention consists  in  opening  passages  for 
the  circulation  of  the  heat  and  gases  needed 
in  the  reduction  and  purification  of 
metallic  ores,  throughout  a  mass  of  pul- 
verized oro,  in  the  reducing  chamber  of 
a  furnace,  to  facilitate  and  insuro  its  speedy 
desulphurization  and  reduction.  In  roast- 
ing pulverized  ores,  heretofore,  difliculty 
has  been  expe- 
rie  need  from 
the  fact,  that 
owing  to  the 
fineness  of  the 
particles,  the 
ore  when  in 
mass  packs  bo 
closely  as  to 
prevent  a 
draught  and 
passage  of  heat ; 
and  of  the  re- 
ducing gases 
through  the 
same.  To  obvi- 
ate this  difficul- 
ty various  ex- 
pedients have 
been  resorted 
to,  such  as 
moulding  the 
ore  into  bricks 
or  balls.prepar- 
atory  to  sub- 
mi  1 1  i  n  g  the 
same  to  the  ac- 
tion of  the  fire; 
sifting  the  ore 
through  c  u  r- 
rents  of  flame 
and  gases,  etc., 

all  of  which  have  proven  to  be  tedious  and 
expensive  in  their  nature.  The  object 
sought  for  in  this  invention  is  to  provide  a 
simple,  cheap  and  effective  method  of 
roasting  and  chloridizing  gold  and  silver 
ores  in  bulk,  and  is  specially  designed  for 
ores,  slimes  and  tailings  that  have  been 
wet  crushed.  To  effect  this  by  any  other 
means  now  in  vogue  requires  that  the  ore 
shall  be  first  dried  and  re-pulverized,  an 
expense  that  few  ores  of  that  class  can 
bear. 

The  furnace,  as  the  cut  shows,  is  sub- 
stantially a  large  rectangular  ore  chamber 
with  ordinary  fireplaces  underneath,  the 
flues,  A  A,  from  which  lead  directly  un- 
der the  floor  of  the  chamber  containing 
the  ore.  This  floor,  B,  is  constructed  of 
tiles  about  six  inches  square,  each  one 
having  a  two-inch  hole  in  its  center  so  as 
to  allow  the  heat  and  flames  to  pass  from 
the  fire  below  to  the  ore  chamber — above. 
A  number  of  round  wooden  poles — two 
inches  in  diameter,  to  fit  into  the  holes  in 
the  tiles  of  the  floor,  are  made  sufficiently 
long  to  permit  their  upper  ends  to   extend 


above  the  furnace.  They  are  secured  in 
position  on  top  by  light  hoop  iron  guides, 
C,  fastened  to  a  frame  work,  if  (f,  on  the 
side  so  that  the  whole  can  be  lifted  up  in 
one  piece  when  the  poles  are  to  be  re- 
moved. 

To  prepare  the  furnace  for  a  charge  of 
oro,  the  first  step  is  to  place  the  wooden  rods 
in  an  upright  position,  the  lower  ends  be- 
ing in  the  holes  in  the  tiles  and  the  upper 
secured  by  the  guides.  When  the  rods 
are  all  in,  tho  side  doors,  D,  are  closed, 
and  the  furnace  is  ready  for  work.  The 
tiles,  A>,  of  the  floor  are  laid  on  fire-brick 
set  on  edge,  E  B,  and  they  in  turn  are  set 
on  the  fire-arch.     On   each   side   of  each 


guides  removed,  the  poles  drawn  and  the 
fire  started.  The  wet  pulverized  ore  is  of 
such  consistency  that  it  packs  closely  in 
the  chamber  above  tho  upright  rods  and 
will  not  crumble.  When  the  rods  are 
withdrawn  and  the  fire  started  it  penetrates 
through  the  passages  left  by  their  with- 
drawal, reaches  the  straw  or  fibrous  mate- 
rial, speedily  consuming  it,  and  opening 
thousand  of  new  passages  for  the  flame, 
heat  and  gas.  This  produces  an  exceed- 
ingly porous  condition  in  the  mass  which 
is  favorable  to  the  speedy  and  effective  ac- 
tion of  the  agents  for  its  decomposition 
and  reduction. 
The  proportion  of   straw  which  is  found 


one  set  of  guides  and  poles  will  answer  for 
all.  Tho  furnace  is  so  cheap  as  to  be 
within  the  reach  of  all,  and  can  be  built  in 
any  locality  with  materials  always  at  hand, 
as  with  careful  usage  common  brick  will 
do  instead  of  fire-brick.  No  power  is  re- 
quired and  any  mason  can  erect  it.  This 
process  is  now  in  no  sense  an  experiment, 
it  having  been  thoroughly  and  practically 
tested  both  in  Northern  Nevada  and  Colo- 
rado. It  was  tried  also  for  some  time  at 
the  mines  in  North  Carolina,  and  is  said  to 
have  worked  well.  Parties  wishing  fur- 
ther information  concerning  it  can  address 
the  inventor,  F.  W.  Crosby,  Georgetown, 
Colorado,  or  Messrs.  Taft  and  Smeeton, 
Ophir  City,  U. 
T.  Col.  C.  8. 
Drew,  728  How- 
ard St.,  in  this 
city,  is  agent 
for    California. 


■Ml 


CROSBY'S     IMPROVED     FURNACE. 


fire-arch  are  a  series  of  flues,  A  A,  which 
permit  the  heat  and  flame  to  pass  up 
through  the  floor  into  the  chamber  above. 
The  grate  bars  and  doors  are  constructed 
in  the  ordinary  manner.  A  staging  is 
erected  beside  the  furnace  upon  which  is  a 
floor,  I,  connecting  it  with  the  settling 
tanks,  R,  and  providing  a  convenient  place 
to  charge  the  furnace.  This,  however, 
would  be  unnecessary  when  the  furnace 
could  be  erected  beside  a  hill.  The  ore  is 
run  into  settling  tanks  at  a  convenient  dis- 
tance from-  the  furnace  and  then  thrown 
on  to  the  mixing  floor. 

Chopped  hay  or  straw  or  any  hollow 
vegetable  matter  (straw  is  preferable)  cut 
into  lengths  of  from  two  to  three  inches,  is 
thoroughly  mixed  with  the  ore,  with  a 
proportion  of  salt  according  to  the  charac- 
of  the  ore.  The  furnace  being  prepared 
as  above  described,  the  mixed  ore  is  shov- 
elled into  the  ore  chamber  so  as  to 
fill  it  nearly  to  the  top.  The  charge  is 
left  as  loose  as  possible  and  no  tamping 
done.  The  upper  surface  should  be  some- 
what smoothed  and   levelled  down,  the 


to  work  the  best  is  20  to  30  pounds  to  the 
ton  of  ore;  the  amount  of  salt  will  vary, 
with  silver  ores,  from  one  to  three  per 
cent.;  in  good  ores  of  course  no  salt  is 
used.  The  charge  can  be  quite  wet,  but  is 
best  when  but  little  moister  than  molder's 
sand.  In  silver  ores  the  salt  is  brought 
into  direct  'contact  with  the  ore  and  a 
more  perfect  chlorination  is  reached  with 
a  much  less  quantity  than  by  other  meth- 
ods. 

The  cost  of  a  20-ton  furnace  of  this  de- 
scription will  vary  from  $400  to  $800,  ex- 
clusive of  the  right  of  use,  according  to 
locality.  The  lining  of  the  fire  boxes  with 
the  arch  and  floor  of  the  chamber  should 
be  of  fire  brick  but  the  rest  of  the  furnace 
can  be  made  of  almost  any  kind  of  stone  or 
common  brick.  No  iron  work  is  necessary 
except  grate  bars  and  doors  and  the  light 
guide  frames.  The  furnace  may  be  made 
of  almost  any  capacity,  but  experience  has 
shown  that  those  capable  of  treating  from 
20  to  30  tons  of  ore  at  a  charge  are  the 
most  convenient  to  operate.  Where  there 
are  two  or  more  furnaces  near  each  other 


Eastern  Sen- 
sationalism. — 
Our  Eastern 
ootemporaries 
are  circulating 
unwarranted  re- 
ports with  re- 
gard to  the  late 
Inyo  earth- 
quakes, such  as 
leave  tho  im- 
pression on  dis- 
tantreadersthat 
the  entire  State 
•was  severely 
shaken,  when 
the  fact  was 
correctly  tele- 
graphed from 
this  city  that 
the  severity  of 
the  "tremblor" 
was  confined  to 
a  comparative- 
ly limited  re- 
gion, in  a  distant  and  thinly  peopled  por- 
tion of  the  State.  With  the  exception  of 
a  natural  sympathy  in  behalf  of  the  Inyo 
sufferers,  who  were  intimately  connected 
in  business  and  personal  relations  with 
our  citizens,  no  more  thought  was  given 
the  earthquake  in  this  city,  or  indeed 
throughout  nineteen-twentieths  of  the 
State  than  though  it  had  occurred  in 
South  America. 


Detekioeation  of  Wheat  Lands.— Rus- 
sia  seems  to  be  following  in  the  footsteps 
of  this  country  in  the  neglect  of  her  wheat 
lands,  and,  as  a  consequence,  complaints 
are  already  being  made  that  the  average 
yield  of  her  grain  crops  is  constantly  grow- 
ing less.  It  is  said  that  there,  as  in  Cali- 
fornia, valuable  farm  yard  manure  is,  in 
many  places,  being  conducted  to  the  near- 
est waste  ground  or  stream  as  a  nuisance. 
Still,  Russia  is  buying  largely  of  reaping 
and  threshing  machines,  notwithstanding, 
as  well  as  other  agricultural  machinery,  on 
a  large  scale. 

Business  neglected  is  business  lost. 


226 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  13,  1872. 


Correspondence. 


Notes  of  Travel  in  PJacer  County. 

[By  our  Traveling  Correspondent.] 
Placer  county,  in  proportion  to  its 
length,  is  the  narrowest  one  in  the  State, 
being  80  miles  long  east  and  west,  and 
having  an  average  width  of  but  14  miles, 
containing  about  1,120  square  miles.  Its 
oounty  seat,  Auburn,  of  which  I  will  speak 
more  fully  in  my  next  letter,  is  situated 
near  the  centre  of  the  county,  and  about 
150  miles  distant  from  your  city  by  rail. 
The  lower  part  of  the  county  is  nearly  at  a 
level  with  tide  water  and  the  upper  end  is 
high  up  among  the  Sierras  where  the 
snow  sometimes  lies  the  year  round.  This 
being  the  case  of  course  there  is  a  variety 
of  climate;  the  weather  being  mild  and 
spring  like  in  the  weastern  part  and  mild 
and  pleasant  in  the  center,  while  the 
eastern  sections  are  buried  in  snow  and 
swept  by  furious  storms. 

It  is  traversed  from   south  to  north  by 
one  of  the  most  extensive 

Deep  Channel 
Auriferous  gravel  leads  in  the  known 
world,  commencing  in  the  south  at  Todd's 
Valley  and  extending  northward  through 
Yankee  Jims,  "Wisconsin  Hill,  Iowa  Hill, 
Indiana  Hill  and  Gold  Kun.  The  channel 
at  the  latter  point  bears  northeast  to  Dutch 
Flat,  a  distance  of  four  miles,  makes  a 
short  horse-shoe  curve  and  turns  directly 
to  the  westward,  leaving  the  county  at 
Little  York  a  distance  of  three  miles.  The 
wash  gravel  along  the  entire  channel  is  not 
only  traceable,  but  pays  to  wash  by  hy- 
draulic process,  from  one-half  to  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  in  width;  the  channel 
proper  being  from  100  to  800  feet  in  width, 
and  the  deposit  from  75  to  500  feet  deep. 

Dutch  Flat, 
The  largest  town  in  the  county,  and  most 
active  miniDg  camp  on  this  gravel  lead,  is 
located  one  mile  north  from  the  railroad 
station  bearing  the  same  name,  distance 
from  your  city  about  200  miles,  and  about 
35  miles  a  little  north  of  east  of  the  coun- 
ty seat,  Auburn.  It  contains  about  1,500 
inhabitants.  While  mining  is  the  chief 
occupation  of  its  inhabitants,  its  lumber 
interests  are  second  to  none  in  the  State. 
The  Towle  Bros,  and  Messrs  Towle  & 
Blauchard  are  the  principal  dealers  in 
this  line.  These  firms  own,  combined,  3 
steam  saw-mills  situated  severally,  3,  5 
and  8  miles  distant  northeast,  each  of 
which  is  driven  by  steam  with  engines  of 
from  20  to  40  horse-power.  The  largest 
has  a  capacity  for  making  27,000  feet  of 
lumber  per  day,  and  the  two  smaller  15,000 
feet  each.  The  principal  offices  are  situ- 
ated at  this  place.  Between  these  firms 
there  is  sold  9,000,000  feet  of  lumber  an- 
nually, varying  in  price  from  $14  to  $35 
per  thousand.  The  Towle  Bros,  also  car- 
ry on  an  extensive  manufacture  of  doors, 
windows,  blinds,  dressed  flooring  and  all 
kinds  of  lumber  for  building  and  manu- 
facturing material.  The  factory  is  situated 
in  the  suburbs  of  Dutch  Flat.  The  princi- 
pal interest  in  as  extensive  a  mining  sec- 
tion as  this,  is  its  water  and  water  ditches, 
and  the 

Dutch  Flat  Water  Co., 
The  principal  office  of  which  is  located 
here,  is  among  the  most  important  of  its 
kind  in  the  State.  The  company's  ditches 
consist  of  the  Placer  county  canal  30  miles 
long,  and  Canon  Creek  and  Little  Bear 
River  Ditches  about  30  miles  more,  in- 
cluding other  ditches  leading  to  resevoirs, 
all  of  which  center  at  Dutch  Flat  and  Gold 
Kun,  and  have  a  capacity  of  furnishing 
daily  5,500  inches  for  24  hours  run.  This 
company  own  12  resevoirs,  the  largest  of 
which  will  iiirnish  the  above  mentioned 
amount  of  water  for  one  week,  and  all 
combined  will  furnish  30  days  water  with- 
out a  drop  running  into  them.  The 
furthest  point  in  an  air  line  to  where  the 
water  is  taken  up  for  these  ditches  is  25 
miles  easterly.  This  extensive  enterprise 
is  owned  by  E.  L.  Bradley  and  M.  S. 
Gardner.  The  number  of  men  engaged 
in  the  different  departments  is  13. 

The  water  generally  lasts  from  the  mid 
die  of  December  to  the  middle  of  August, 
or  from  6  to  8  months.  It  is  reduced  at 
the  latter  end  of  the  season  from  August 
to  December  to  about  100  inches.  The 
company  is  at  present  disposing  of  from 
8,500  inches  of  water  per  day  up  to  their 


full  capacity.  Prices  received  for  the 
same  are  9  cents  per  inch  for  12-hour 
water  or  15  cents  for  24-hour  water.  The 
measure  is  counted  from  the  center  of  the 
issue  with  7-inch  pressure. 

Summit  Mining  Co. 
Leaving  Little  York,  and  going  east- 
ward, the  first  claim  is  that  of  the  Summit 
Mining  Co.,  situated  1%  miles  west  by 
south  from  Dutch  Fiat.  This  company's 
possessions  cover  an  area  of  50  acres  of 
mining  ground  and  190  more  of  timber 
land,  all  of  which  is  covered  by  United 
dtates  patent,  the  first  ever  granted  to  a 
gravel  mining  claim  under  the  law  of  Con- 
gress. It  is  owned  by  eight  equal  part- 
ners, viz.:  L.  B.  Tillotson,  Chas.  Voight, 
J  H.  LaKamp,  Wm.  and  John  Rablin, 
Frank  Sachs,  W.  T.  Odgers  and  a  Mr. 
Bailey.  John  Rablin  is  superintendent 
and  Chas.  Voight  is  secretary.-  The  im- 
provements consist  of  1%  miles  of  14-inch 
pipe  and  600  fret  of  4-foot  flume  2  feet 
deep,  with  5  undercurrents;  the  claim  is 
better  located  for  using  the  latter  than  any 
other  on  the  flat.  Working  two  of  Hos- 
kin's  Little  Giant  monitors,  with  3%  and 
4-inch  nozzles,  running  350  inches  of 
water  under  175-feet  pressure;  125  feet 
more  pressure  will  be  added  to  this  after 
the  first  of  next  month.  Four  hundred 
feet  fall  is  had  from  their  flume  to  the 
lowest  undercurrent  and  200  feet  more  of 
dump  is  obtained  from  there  to  Bear  river 
where  the  tailings  fall.  This  claim  is  one 
of  the  few  that  is  being  cleaned  to  the 
bed-rock  as  they  go  along,  and  the  profits 
are  satisfying  to  its  proprietors.  Still 
going  eastward  we  meet  a  number  of 

Other  Gravel  Claims, 

The  first  of  which  is  known  as  the  Kidder 
claim,  consisting  of  about  10  acres  of 
ground,  located  on  the  south  side  of  Dutch 
Flat  Canon. 

Jehosaphat  claim  comes  next  and  is 
owned  by  the  Dutch  Flat  Water  Co.  and 
H.  C.  Kelsey.  This  claim  consists  of 
about  15  acres  of  mining  ground  working 
regularly  4  or  5  men  and  two  monitors. 

Palmtag  claim,  next  in  order,  is  owned 
by  the  gentleman  after  whom  it  is  named, 
who  is  working  three  men  and  using  one 
monitor. 

C.  Stkaube's  claim  is  an  excellent  claim 
containing  27  acres,  working  3  men  and 
one  Little  Giant  monitor. 

The  Chinese  Claim,  called  the  Ameri- 
can, is  owned  and  worked  by  Chinamen. 
They  own  12  acres  of  mining  ground  and 
employ  regularly  from  5  to  6  men  and  run 
one  monitor. 

Dutch  Flat  Blue   Gravel  Mining  Co. 

The  principal  office  of  the  above  named 
company  is  401  California  street,  San 
Francisco.  L.  A.  Booth  is  President  and 
Geo.  D.  Roberts,  J.  B.  Haggin,  W.  H. 
Raymond  and  E.  B.  Dorsey  are  its  present 
Board  of  Trustees.  The  latter  is  Superin- 
tendent. This  is  an  incorporation  with 
40,000  shares  and  $4,000,000  capital.  The 
company's  possessions  consist  of  27  acres 
of  mining  ground,  covered  by  United 
States  Patent.  The  water  used  is  pur- 
chased of  the  Yuba  Ditch  Co.,  and  they 
are  at  present  running  2,000  inches 
through  two  6-inch  nozzles,  of  Hoskins 
Little  Giant  monitors,  under  a  pressure  of 
400  feet,  and  by  the  time  this  is  in  type 
will  be  running  under  a  pressure  of  460 
feet.  Two  more  8-inch  nozzle  monitors 
have  been  ordered,  through  each  of  which 
they  expect  to  use  2,000  inches  of  water. 
In  addition,  their  improvements  consist 
of  2,500  feet  of  30-inch  pipe  and  1,500  feet 
of  tail  flume  5  feet  wide  and  two  feet  deep, 
with  three  under  currents.  They  employ 
about  70  men.  This  is  the  largest  enter- 
prise in  the  State  and  they  are  at  present 
using  more  water  than  any  similar  claim 
in  the  country.  Several  important  blasts 
have  lately  been  put  off  in  this  claim  in 
one  of  which  700  kegs  of  powder  were 
used;  14  chambers  were  drifted  for  the 
purpose,  and  it  was  fired  by  electricity. 
Using  at  present  both  black  and  Giant 
powder.  This  company  have  in  project  a 
bed-rock  tunnel  1,500  feet  in  length  for 
which  they  have  ordered  a  '*  Diamond 
Drill."  Up  to  the  time  of  my  visit  to  this 
mine,  since  being  opened  so  systematically 
by  its  present  owners,  no  clean-up  has 
been  made.  It  is  not,  however,  to  be  sup- 
posed that  an  extensive  clean-up  could  be 
made  when  they  have  only  been  washing 
top  dirt,  but  the  ultimate  succrss  of  this 
mine  is  only  a  matter  of  time,  for  when  it 
is  thoroughly  opened  it  will  surely  pay 
handsome  dividends.  The  bed-rock  under 
the  principal  portion  of  the  channel  in 
this  claim  has  never  been  reached  but  they 
have  a  known  depth  of  gravel  of  150  feet, 
and  the   top  gravel  is  2,000  feet  wide. 

Columbia  Gkavel  Claim,  owned  by 
Simons  &  Co.,  is  the  next  adjoining  the 
above  and  consists  of  10  acres  of  mining 


1  ground  where  they  are  working  4  men 
with  2  Little  Giant  monitors.  The  claim  is 
paying  satisfactoi'ially. 

Gold  Run, 
Located  four  miles  nearly  west  of  Dutch 
Flat  on  the  line  of  the  Central  Pacific 
Railroad,  contains  about  800  inhabitants 
and  is  now  one  of  the  busy  mining  towns  of 
this  county.  Surrounding  the  town  are  a 
larger  number  of  paying  claims  now  work- 
ing than  at  any  other  camp  in  the  county. 
Beginning  at  the  most  southerly  of  these 
claims  distant  1%  miles  southeast  of  the 
village  is  the  Cement  Mill  Co.  The  com- 
pany's possessions  consist  of  a  bed  of  hard 
cement  1,600x400  feet,  and  9  feet  thick. 
In  their  improvements  is  comprised  an 
8-stamp  mill,  run  by  water  power  which 
can  crush  about  40  tons  per  day,  and 
which  is  now  running  to  its  full  capacity. 
The  average  pay  is  about  $4  per  ton. 
They  are  at  present  engaged  in  drifting  in 
a  breast  100  feet  wide,  and  are  in  400  feet. 
Benches  are  left  to  support  the  mass  above 
and  but  very  little  timbering  is  done. 
Working  on  an  average  20  men.  The 
claim  is  owned  by  8  equal  partners  of 
whom  John  N.  Jensen  is  Superintendent. 
The  next  claim  passing  northerly   is  the 

Stewart  &  Sneff, 
A  rim  rock  claim,  owned  by  gentlemen  of 
the  same  name,  which  is  nearly  worked 
out  except  some  back  bottom  gravel  that 
will  not  at  present  pay  to  work.  They  are 
using  one  of  Hoskin's  monitors.  After 
one  more  run  of  30  days  this  claim  will 
temporarily  be  laid  up.  It  has  paid  its 
owners  satisfactorily. 

The  Bbink's  and  Hawkin's  claims  are 
the  next  two  met  in  passing  in  the  same 
direction  and  adjoining  the  above  on  the 
northeast.  They  are  not  at  present  work- 
ing but  are  considered  good  claims  in  this 
vicinity. 

The  Indiana  Hill  Claim, 

Owned  by  Judd,  Brown  &  Miner,  is  a  very 
extensive  claim  of  about  40  acres,  situated 
right  on  the  channel  adjoining  the  above. 
It  is  at  present  being  vigorously  worked, 
using  two  monitors,  running  500  inches 
of  water,  and  working  6  men  night  and 
day.  It  pays  as  well  as  any  mine  in  the 
vicinity. 

Go  d  Run  Hydraulic  M.  Co.  (Limited). 
The  property  owned  by  this  company 
was  formerly  known  as  the  "Cedar  Claim" 
and  consists  of  about  37  acres  in  the  heart 
of  this  mining  section,  the  channel  run- 
ning the  entire  length  of  it.  A  deeper  de- 
posit of  blue  gravel  is  found  here,  proba- 
bly, than  at  any  other  point  on  this  cele- 
brated channel.  This  property  has  recently 
been  purchased  by  an  English  Co.  for  the 
sum  of  $60,000;  the  principal  office  is  in 
London.  O.  S.  Kipp  is  general  superin- 
tendent. This  company  own  no  ditches 
but  are  purchasing  their  water  for  hy- 
draulic purposes.  Their  improvements 
consist  of  about  1,400  feet  of  flume  4  feet 
wide  by  2  feet  deep,  blocked  the  entire 
length.  The  flume  has  a  grade  of  8  inches 
to  12  feet.  They  also  have  1,500  ft.  of  16- 
inch  pipe  and  the  same  amount  of 
11-inch  pipe;  working  two  Little  Giant 
monitors  with  4  and  5-inch  nozzles  using 
500  inches  of  water  under  a  pressure  of  240 
feet.  Their  present  working  is  at  least  125 
feet  above  bed-rock  with  a  bank  of  gravel 
above  and  facing  them  215  feet  high.  The 
northwest  line  of  this  company's  claims 
is  within  %  of  a  mile  of  Gold  Run  sta- 
tion. "Six  men  are  employed  night  and 
day.  The  average  yield  for  30  days '  run 
has  been  from  $6,000  to  $8,000.  A  suffi- 
cient amount  of  pay  gravel  is  in  sight  in 
this  claim  to  last  for  the  next  25  years 
with  the  present  method  of  washing. 

Gold  Run  Mining  Claim, 
Located  about  one  mile  east  of  Gold  Run 
station  and  adjoining  the  above  on  the 
north-east  is  owned  by  E.  L.  Bradley  and 
"W.  H.  Kinder.  H.  C.  Kelsey  is  the  pres- 
ent superintendent  and  lessee.  The  claim 
consists  of  40  acres  of  mining  ground  on 
the  main  channel  and  their  improvements 
are  650  feet  of  bed-rock  tunnel  that  cost 
$30  per  foot  to  construct;  also  1,300  feet 
of  bed-rock  flume  (being  doubled  through 
the  tunnel)  4  feet  wide  by  two  feet  deep. 
They  have  1,600  feet  of  30-inch,  and  900 
feet  of  16-inch  pipe.  Working  two  of 
Hoskin's  Little  Giant  monitors  of  3%  and 
4  inch  nozzles,  lead  pipes  11  inches  in  di- 
ameter, carrying  640  inches  of  water  un- 
der 325  feet  pressure.  "Working  regularly 
12  men  night  and  day.  The  bank  of  pay 
gravel  at  present  facing  them  is  130  feet 
high  and  fully  150  feet  above  bed  rock; 
average  receipts  $6,000  per  month.  Mak- 
ing >emi-monthly  runs.  There  are  a  num- 
ber of 

Other  Claims, 
All   of    which   are   considered  first-class, 
and  most  of  which  are  at  present  working, 


as  follows:  Sherman,  owned  by  Fitzpat- 
rick;  Newark,  owned  by  Miners'  Ditch  Co. ; 
Tayler  &  Harriman's;  Frank  Saeh's; 
Beale  &  Co.'s  and  the  Hawkins',  all  of 
which  are  extensive  claims.  The  following 
are  owned  by  the  Dutch  Flat  "Water  Co. ; 
Gold  Run,  Golden  Gate ,  Union,  Pacific, 
Ellison,  Gem,  Schuylkill  and  Central,  all 
of  which  are  extensive  and  most  of  them 
being  worked  with  good  profit.  From 
Colfax  and  Auburn  in  my  next. 

L.  P.  MC. 


Sales   of   Mining   Interests   Unconsti- 
tutional. 

Yesterday  morning,  Judge  Reardan  de- 
cided the  case  of  Cullovin  vs.  Morarity, 
involving  the  constitutionality  of  the  law 
passed  by  the  Legislature  concerning 
"mining  partnership."  The  law  provided 
that  when  owners  of  a  mining  claim  de- 
sired to  develop  their  claims,  they  could 
by  notice  call  a  meeting,  levy  an  assess- 
ment, and  afterwards,  if  the  assessments 
were  not  paid,  sell  the  interest  of  the  de- 
linquent according  to  the  terms  of  the 
law.  In  this  case  the  plaintiff,  Cullovin, 
was  sold  out  and  he  brought  suit  by  his 
attorney,  "W.  W.  Cross,  for  possession  of 
the  ground.  The  defendant,  by  his  attor- 
neys, Williams  &  Johnson,  answered,  set- 
ting up  as  a  defence,  the  assessment  and 
sale  under  the  law  above  alluded  to.  Mr. 
Cross  moved  the  Court  to  strike  out  this  de- 
fense on  the  ground  that  it  was  unconsti- 
tutional. The  regularity  of  the  proceed- 
ings for  assessment  and  sale  were  not 
questioned,  the  motion  resting  entirely 
upon  the  questioner  of  the  constutionality 
of  the  law.  The  case  was  argued  on 
Saturday,  by  Mr.  Cross,  in  favor  of  the 
motion,  and  Mr.  "Williams  in  opposition. 
Yesterday  morning  Judge  Reardan  render- 
ed his  decision  sustaining  the  position  of 
Mr.  Cross.  He  held  the  law  to  be  in  con- 
travention of  the  part  of  the  constitution, 
providing  "no  person  shall  be  deprived  of 
life,  liberty,  without  due  process  of  law," 
holding  that  the  latter  phrase  meant  a  suit 
and  judgment  of  a  court  of  competent  juris- 
diction. As  a  number  of  sales  have  been 
made  in  this  and  other  mining  counties  of 
the  State,  under  the  law,  the  decision  has 
an  important  bearing  upon  the  interests 
of  parties.  We  have  not  learned  whether 
this  case  will  be  taken  to  the  Supreme 
Court  or  not. — Nevada  Transcript. 


Wonderful   Railway    Bridge. 

The  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad  bridge  at 
Rosendale,  Ulster  county,  deserves  to  be 
placed  among  the  wonders  of  railroad 
construction.  It  is  built  across  a  deep 
gorge  in  the  Shawangunk  Mountains,  in 
which  lies  the  romantic  village  of  Rosen- 
dale,  and  through  which  sweeps  the  Ron- 
dout  creek.  The  immense  chasm  lay 
directly  in  the  route  of  the  surveyors, 
when  the  line  was  run,  and  there  was  no 
possible  way  to  get  around  it,  and  the 
gigantic  task  of  bridging  it  was  commenc- 
ed. The  Western  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, of  Paterson,  was  awarded  the  con- 
tract for  the  superstructure,  and  A,  L. 
Dolby  &Co.  the  excavation  and  abutments. 
Work  was  commenced  on  the  abutments 
in  the  fall  of  1870,  but  owing  to  the  preva- 
lence of  quicksand  in  the  excavation,  it 
was  a  year  before  everything  was  in  readi- 
ness for  the  superstructure.  It  was  com- 
pleted in  January  last,  nearly  a  hundred 
men  having  been  steadily  employed  on  it 
during  that  time.  The  bridge  is  a  diagonal 
truss,  Post's  patent.  There  are  three  iron 
spans  and  two  wooden  ones.  The  entire 
length  of  the  bridge  is  987  feet,  the  iron 
spans  being  876  feet,  and  each  of  the  woodr 
en  ones  56  It  is  150  feet  above  the  Ron- 
dout  creek.  In  putting  up  the  iron  work 
300,000  feet  of  timber  were  used,  it  being 
necessary  to  put  it  up  for  each  span  at  a 
time.  One  thousand  tons  of  iron  were 
used  in  the  construction,  and  its  support- 
ing capacity  is  4,000  pounds  to  the  lineal 
foot.  For  the  stringers,  cross-pieces,  etc., 
120,000  pieces  of  timber  were  required. 
The  structure  is  the  highest  span  bridge 
in  the  United  States.  It  cost  $125,000. 
The  rails  will  be  laid  over  it  next  month. 
— iV!  Y.  Times. 


Preserving  Fruit  and  Flowers.— Dr.  Piesse 
has  recommended  preserving  fruit  and  flowers 
by  simply  emersing  in  melted  paraffine  and 
withdrawing  quickly,  when  a  thin  coat  of  paraf- 
fine instantly  sets  and  closes  all  the  pores  of 
the  plants  thus  treated.  The  paraffine  should 
not  be  hotter  than  just  sufficient  to  liquefy  it; 
and  the  flowers  should  be  dipped  in  separately 
(held  by  the  stalk)  and  moved  about  in  order 
to  get  rid  of  air  bubbles. 


Miners  and  Mechanics,  write  for  your  paper. 


April  13,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


227 


ECHANICAL 


Progress 


Petroleum  as  Fuel  in  Iron  Manufacture. 

Much  attoution  hat*  been  drawn  to  experi- 
ments with  petroleum  in  irou-niaking  for  souie 
mouths  past  iu  progress  in  the  Lh  <-'le.li-  Mills, 
St.  Louis.  No  reliable  data  are  afforded  con- 
cerning the  smelting  of  ores,  but  the  results  in 
converting  pig  into  bar  and  malleable  iron  are 
said  to  be  good.     We  quote  the  Pittsbv  < 

■ 

One  of  the  tests— all  of  which  are  said  to  have 
been  of  the  most  thoroagh  character — employed 
to  ascertain  the  effect  of  petroleum  heat,  con- 
sisted in  puddling  1,000  pounds  of  pig-iron, 
smelted  with  raw  Illinois,  coal  in  1859,  and 
which,  owing  to  the  large  debasement  by  sul- 
phur, bad  been  thrown  aside  as  worthless.  Fre- 
quent  eflbrta  have  been  made  from  time  to  time 
to  reduce  the  mixture  to  merchantable  iron,  but 
to  no  avail.  Since  18t*4  it  had  lain  neglected. 
A  single  hour's  treatment  with  liquid  gas,  how- 
ever, is  said  to  have  turned  the  mass  out  in  the 
shape  of  iron  of  the  finest  quality,  closely  re- 
sembling steel,  and  perfectly  free  from  sulphur 
and  all  other  impurities.  Specimens  were  ex- 
hibited, and  were  pronounced  by  old  iron  men 
as  of  the  very  finest  quality  of  metal,  equal  if 
not  superior  to  tho  best  charcoal  iron. 

Other  experiments  are  said  to  havo  demon- 
strated that  common  Iron  Mountain  pig-iron 
could,  by  a  single  application  of  the  liquid  fuel 
in  tho  puddling  furnaces,  be  made  into  the 
heal  flange  boiler  iron,  which,  under  the  sever- 
est tests,  was  shown  to  be  equal  to  tho  first 
quality  Sligo  or  Low  Moor  iron,  a  rango  of  ca- 
pacity which  is  reported  to  have  astonished 
even  the  most  sanguine  believers  in  the  patent. 

It  is  asserted  that  the  iron  manufactured  by 
using  this  fuel  has  been  tested  in  almost  every 
conceivable  manner,  and  that  these  tests  prove 
its  tensile  strength  as  well  as  its  capacity  to 
sustain  weight  to  be  far  above  the  average;  in 
the  former  showing  a  tensile  strength  of  more 
than  1,000  pounds  greater  than  specimens  of 
Low  Moore  iron.  The  workmen  in  the  mill 
are  said  to  be  greatly  interested  in  tho  experi- 
ments. They  recently  satisfied  their  curiosity 
by  rolling  this  iron  in  sheets,  and  though  still 
experimenting,  have  produced  sheets  so  thin 
that  five  hundred  of  them  are  but  one  inch 
thick.  These  sheets  are  described  as  being  re- 
markably tough  and  flexible.  Numerous  other 
experiments  are  also  reported  to  have  been 
made,  with  only  temporary  machinery  and  ap- 
paratus for  the  use  of  petroleum  fuel,"  but  with 
the  most  satisfactory  results. 

From  these  experiments  it  would  appear  to 
bo  considerably  cheaper  than  coal  in  its  use  and 
handling,  so  far  as  the  heating  of  the  iron  for 
the  rolls  is  concerned,  while  the  saving  in 
'scrapping'  gives  it  a  still  further  economic  ad- 
vantage, as  the  following  results  obtained  in  the 
scrapping  furnace  show : — 

Itod  placed  In  the  furnace : 7,950  fta. 

Iron  taken  out 7,751  lbs. 

Showing  a  loss  of 199  lb  b. 

Lobs  with  coal  15  par  cont.  on 1,192  lbs. 

Deduct  loss  with  liquid  fuel 199  lbs, 

Saving  with  liquid  fuel 993  lb b. 

"  Although  petroleum  is  generally  known  to 
be  a  concentration  or  distillation  of  coal,  and 
that  in  proportion  to  the  crudity  of  the  coal  to 
the  concentrated  character  of  the  petroleum  is 
the  intensity  of  the  heat  produced  by  the  petro- 
leum greater  than  the  heat  of  the  coal,  yet  this 
seems  to  be  the  first  definite  and  sustained  at- 
tempt to  apply  the  greater  intensity  to  practical 
uses,  and  to  employ  it  as  a  refined  mechanical 
force. 

Heretofore,  coal  has  been  tho  main  aliment 
of  industry,  and  such  is  its  importance  and 
value  throughout  the  civilized  world,  that  any 
material  which  supersedes  it  in  cheapness  and 
importance  in  the  more  essential  uses  of  indus- 
try and  commerce,  must  necessarially  .be  an 
agency  of  incalculable  value,  and  work  a  corres- 
ponding revolution  in  the  development  of  the 
resources  of  the  country  and  their  adaptation 
to  the  requirements  of  civilization  and  the  in- 
terests of  man.  As  to  the  Bupply  of  the  new 
fuel,  so  as  to  render  its  use  a  question  for  econ- 
omy, there  need  be  no  alarm,  for  the  quantity 
of  it  in  many  parts  of  the  world  seems  to  be  in- 
exhaustible and  easy  of  access,  and  especially 
is  this  the  case  in  our  own  country.  Should 
the  claims  which  are  made  in  its  behalf  be  sub- 
stantiated by  further  experiments  and  investi- 
gations, it  will  probably  work  an  eventful  revo- 
lution, not  only  in  the  manufacture  of  iron,  but 
wherever  heat,  steam,  or  artificial  light  are  em- 
ployed. 

Labor-Saving  Machines. — The  beneficial  ef- 
fect of  labor-saving  machines  in  improving  the 
condition  of  workmen,  it  is  stated,  has  been 
exemplified  by  the  application  of  the  sewing 
machine  to  the  manufacture  of  shoes.  The 
■workmen  of  Lynn,  Mass.,  who  in  1862  were 
earning  ten  dollars  a  week  without  the  assist- 
ance of  the  leather  sewing  machine,  are  now, 
it  is  reported,  earning  fifty  dollars  a  week  with 
the  aid  of  this  useful  apparatus.  The  inven- 
tor, who  in  1862  was  threatened  with  mob  vio- 
lence, is  now  considered  by  the  workmen  as 
their  greatest  benefactor.  Within  the  last  ten 
years  the  town  of  Lynn  has  doubled  in  popula- 
tion and  taxable  property,  and  it  is  estimated 
that  forty-four  millions  dollars  have  been  saved 
to  the  whole  country  by  the  invention  of  the 
sewing  machine  as  applied  to  the  manufacture 
of  articles  of  leather. — Public  Ledger. 


High-Speed    Engines. 

F.  A.  P.  Barnard,  President  of  the  American 
Institute  has  recently  made  an  elaborate  in- 
vestigation of  a  high-speed  Allen  engine,  the 
results  of  which  we  find  given  in  the  New 
York  /.'■'  I  JffmM</  J-'umai as  follows: 

High  velocities  and  considerable  weight  in 
the  reciprocating  parts  of  cylinder  steam  en- 
gines, working  expansively,  axe  advantageous 
in  the  following  particulars; 

First,  in  distributing  the  work  done  with  a 
near  approach  to  uniformity  over  the  circum- 
ference described  by  the  crunk  in  its  revolution; 
and  secondly,  in  greatly  reducing  the  irregular! 
ties  of  strain  experienced  by  the  working  parte 
•  •f  the  engine,  especially  as  it  respects  the  tor- 
sion of  the  shaft. 

The  advantage  derivable  from  tho  use  of 
heavy  pistons  increases  with  increase  of  weight 
only  up  to  a  cortaiu  point  and  is  dependent  on 
the  Initial  pressure  of  the  steam  iu  the  cylin- 
der, on  the  point  of  the  stroke  at  which  cut-oil' 
is  made,  and  on  the  velocity  of  revolution. 

A  high  speed,  heavy  piston  engine,  depends, 
like  every  other  reciprocating  engine,  upon  the 
inertia  of  its  fly-wheel  or  other  rotating  parts 
for  the  facility  with  which  it  passes  the  centers, 
but  it  taxes  these  regulators  less  than  the  ordi- 
nary reciprocating  engine,  because  of  the  brevi- 
ty of  tho  intervals  during  which  the  effective 
force  intermits.  Thero  must  be  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  stroke  a  largo  excess  of  steam 
pressuro  above  that  which  is  required  to  over- 
come the  inertia  of  the  piston,  and  impart  to  it 
the  necessary  acceleration;  otherwise  the  ad- 
vantages derivable  from  this  construction  and 
mode  of  working  will  not  be  fully  secured,  and 
the  irregularity  of  working  of  the  engine  may 
even  be  exagerated. 

The  counterpoise  weight  omployed  to  balance 
the  strain  exerted  toward  the  close  of  the  stroke 
by  the  heavy  piston  upon  the  crank,  ought  not 
to  exceed  one  half  the  weight  of  the  reciproca- 
ting mass  to  which  it  is  opposed ;  otherwise, 
immediately  after  the  passage  of  the  centers, 
the  strain  on  the  main  shaft  in  the  direction  op- 
posite the  crank  will  be  excessive,  and  may  be 
injurious. 


Improved  Canal  Boat. — The  first  iron  canal 
boat  made  in  this  country,  or  in  the  world,  is 
now  being  built  at  the  Continental  Works, 
Green  Point,  N.  Y.  The  boat  is  constructed 
on  what  is  known  as  the  longitudinal  and  trans- 
verse plan,  with  water-bottom  divided  by  the 
framing  into  water-tight  compartments.  She 
has  three  entire  bulkheads,  dividing  the  ma- 
chinery, cargo,  and  cabin  spaces  from  each 
other.  The  boat  is  especially  designed  to  carry 
grain,  and  has  a  cargo  capacity  of  200  tons  of 
wheat.  It  i  s  being  built  for  the  Fowler  Im- 
proved Steam  Propeller  Co.,  and  is  especially 
designed  for  the  improved  screw  of  this  com- 
pany, the  peculiar  advantages  of  which  for 
canal  navigation,  and  the  lightnessand  strength 
of  this  boat,  it  is  expected  will  settle  the  vexed 
problem  of  how  to  carry  a  paying  freight  at  a 
fair  rate  of  speed  upon  canals.  It  is  thought 
that  time  now  required  for  through  freights  will 
be  reduced  to  one-third  or  one-fourth  of  that 
now  taken. — Coal  and  Iron  Record. 


InoN  and  Steel  Ralls. — As  compared  with 
iron  the  breaking  tests  which  steel  rails  will 
stand  are  something  wonderful;  1,000  pounds 
falling  10%  ft.  has  long  been  applied  as  a 
breaking  test  for  first-class  iron  rails,  while  steel 
rails  stand  a  test  of  2,000  pounds  falling  13% 
feet. 

The  object  sought  in  railway  construction  is 
a  rail  which  will  be  hard  enough  to  stand  abra- 
sion and  wear,  but  strong  enough  to  stand  all 
the  strains  to  which  it  is  liable.  The  railroad 
engineer's  idea  of  hardness  is  that  quality 
which  imparts  durability  without  brittleness. 

Fbeezing  by  Mechanical  Action. — M.  Fos- 
elli  has  annnounced  to  the  French  Academy  of 
Science  that  he  has  succeeded  in  producing  an 
amount  of  cold  just  below  the  zero  of  the 
Fahrenheit  scale,  by  simple  mechanical  action 
creating  rapid  evaporation.  He  employs  a 
wheel  formed  of  a  spiral  tube,  both  ends  of 
which  are  open,  set  vertically  and  half  im- 
mersed in  the  fluid  to  be  cooled,  so  that  the 
latter  passes  constantly  through  the  whole 
length  of  the  tube,  half  of  which  is  constantly 
above  the  liquid,  and,  being  wet,  gives  rise  to 
active  evaporation  and  consequent  refrigeration 
within  it. 


The  Largest  Iron  Casting  ever  attempted 
has  been  successfully  achieved  at  the  Elswick 
Ordnance  "Works,  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  under 
the  direction  of  Sir  "William  Armstrong  and 
Captain  Noble.  It  was  a  huge  anvil  block, 
weighing  125  tons,  to  be  used  with  a  twenty-ton 
double  action  forge  hammer,  for  performing  the 
necessary  forging  for  the  35-ton  Armstrong 
gnn. 

Iron  and  Steel  Dust. — A  Boston  mechanic 
recommends  the  placing  of  electro  magnets  in 
shops  where  iron  and  steel  dust  prevails,  to 
take  up  the  particles  and  prevent  them  from 
pervading  the*  atmosphere  and  injuring  the 
health.  The  experiment  would  undoubtedly 
prove  effectual. 

A  machine  has  been  invented  in  Chicago  for 
making  typo  by  a  cold  pressure  process  out  of 
copper.  It  is  said  that  copper  type  made  by 
this  process  lasts  ten  times  as  long  as  cast  type. 

Four  iron  ships  of  the  capacity  of  2,000  tons 
each  are  now  building  at  Buffalo,  to  run  in  the 
Buffalo  and  Chicago  trade. 


New  Triumphs  of  toe  Chemical  Labo- 
ratory. 

Reports  from  abroad  chronicle  another  great 
step  forward  in  the  art  of  compounding  certain 
chemical  products,  thus  far  only  obtained  by 
the  intervention  of  vegetation,  out  of  their  in- 
organic elements.  The  discoverer  is  Professor 
Schulze,  who  recently  at  tho  session  of  the 
chemical  section  of  the  German  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science,  at  Rostock,  com- 
municated his  discovery  of  a  method  of  waking 
a  series  of  hydro-carbon  compounds,  as  ben- 
zole, uitro-benzole,  or  oil  of  myrbauc,  uiuliii, 
and  anilin  colors,  from  their  inorganic  ele- 
ment. 

We  have  before  us  a  memorandum  of  the  pro- 
cess employed,  which  is  too  lengthy  for  tho 
columns  of  the  Press. 

The  learned  Professor  also  makes  millitic 
acid,  from  any  form  of  carbon,  such  as  mineral 
coal  or  charcoal,  also  from  graphite  or  plum- 
bago. "When  this  acid  was  first  produced  the 
Professor  called  it  anthraconic  acid;  but  he 
soon  found  that  it  resembled  mellitic  acid  very 
closely,  and  finally  that  it  was  identical  with 
the  same.  This  being  the  case,  the  road  was 
open  to  make  successfully  from  inorganic  sub- 
stances, such  as  carbon,  permanganate  of  pot- 
ash, soda,  nitric  acid,  iron-filings  and  chloride 
of  lime,  the  series  of  mellitic  acid,  benzole,  oil 
of  myrbane,  anilin  and  the  anilin  colors.  As 
in  a  similar  way  the  isatine,  one  of  the  coloring 
matters  in  the  indigo,  and  the  garancine,  one  of 
the  coloring  principles  in  the  madder,  have 
been  made,  the  road  is  open  to  produce  all 
these  dye-stuffs,  and  probably  several  others, 
from  the  elements,  without  having  recourse  to 
vegetable  growth. 

If,  however,  the  growing  of  the  plants  pro- 
ducing these  dye-stuffs,  will,  for  the  present,  be 
not  more  econominal  than  compounding  them 
out  of  their  elements  in  the  chemical  labora- 
tory, is  a  totally  different  question,  which  prac- 
tical experience  will  decide.  A  great  triumph, 
in  the  meantime,  is  the  fact  that  the  possibility 
to  do  this  has  been  proved.  Very  likely,  in 
the  progress  of  these  investigations,  we  may 
find  the  means  to  compound  from  their  inor- 
ganic elements  all  the  products  now  derived 
from  the  destructive  metamorphosis  of  organic 
growth;  and  as  oxalic  acid,  vinegar  and  alcohol 
have  already  been  thus  obtained,  so  we  may 
some  day  produce  grape  sugar,  dextrine,  etc. 
However,  it  is  very  unlikely  that  we  will  be  able 
to  compound  the  smallest  starch  granule,  as 
this  possesses  a  highly-elaborate,  organized 
structure,  which  1b  easily  ascertained  by  the 
polarizing  microscope.  By  the  destruction  of 
the  starch  granules,  we  obtain  successively 
dextrine,  gum,  sugar,  alcohol,  vinegar,  and  ul- 
timately carbonic  acid  and  water. 

Mechanical  Effectof  Magnetization. — The 
following  is  from  a  lecture  by  Prof.  Tyndall: 
"The  effect  I  wish  to  make  manifest  was  dis- 
covered by  Mr.  Joule,  and  was  subsequently 
examined  by  MM.  De  la  Rive,  "Wertheim,  Mar- 
ian, Matteucci,  and  Wartmann.  It  is  this:  — 
At  the  moment  when  the  current  passes 
through  the  coil  surrounding  the  electro-mag- 
net, a  clink  is  heard  emanating  from  the  body 
of  the  iron,  and  at  the  moment  the  current 
ceases  a  chink  is  also  heard.  In  fact,  the  acts 
of  magnetization  and  demagnetization  so  stir 
the  particles  of  the  magnetized  body  that  they, 
in  their  turn,  can  Btirthe  air  and  send  sonorous 
impulses  to  our  auditory  nerves.  The  sounds 
occur  at  the  moment  of  magnetization,  and  at 
the  moment  when  magnetization  ceases;  hence, 
if  mean6  be  devised  of  making  and  breaking,  in 
quick  succession,  the  circuit  through  which 
the  current  flows,  we  shall  obtain  an  equally 
quick  succession  of  sounds.  I  do  this  by 
means  of  a  contact  breaker  which  belongs  to  a 
RuhmkorfFs  induction  coil.  A  thin  bar  of 
iron  stretches  from  one  of  the  bridges  of  this 
monochord  to  the  other.  This  bar  is  placed  in 
a  glass  tube,  which  is  surrounded  by  copper 
wire.  The  contact  breaker  is  placed  in  a  dis- 
tant room,  so  that  you  cannot  hear  its  noise. 
The  current  is  now  active,  and  every  individ- 
ual in  this  large  assembly  hears  something  be- 
tween a  dry  crackle  and  a  musical  sound  issu- 
ing from  the  bar  in  consequence  of  its  success- 
ve  magnetization  and  demagnetization. 

Obtaining  Absolute  Alcohol. — A  German 
savan  has  recently  improved  on  the  well  known 
method,  employed  by  Mendelejeff,  for  obtain- 
ing absolute  alcohol.  Alcohol  of  "792  is  boiled 
with  quicklime,  the  pieces  of  the  latter  pro- 
jecting above  the  surface  of  the  liquid,  for  half 
an  hour  or  more,  with  a  condenser  inverted  so 
that  the  liquid  may  return  by  its  own  gravity  to 
the  flask.  The  condenser  is  then  reversed,  and 
the  alcohol  redistilled.  If  the  alcohol  contains 
more  than  5  per  cent,  of  water,  the  process 
must  be  repeated  two  or  three  times.  The  ves- 
sel should  only  be  half  filled  with  the  pieces  of 
lime,  as  the  rapid  formation  of  hydrate  of  lime 
may  break  it  to  pieces. 

Electric  Currants. — In  the  Comptes  Rendits, 
for  January  2d,  M.  P.  Volpicelli  has  a  memoir 
"  On  Electric  Currents  Obtained  by  the  Bend- 
ing of  Metals."  From  this  it  appears  that  all 
metals,  being  bent  or  twisted,  give  rise  to  the 
development  of  an  electric  current,  and  that 
copper  exhibits  this  phenomenon  in  the  highest 
degree. 


Recent  Observations  of  the  Planet  Vents. 
Although  this  "star  of  lovo "  is  our  nearest 
neighbor  among  the  planetary  bodies,  we  know 
less  about  her  than  about  several  of  tho  family 
that  are  more  distant.  Her  very  brilliancy  has 
interfered  with  the  study  of  her  face,  bunding 
the  observer  "  with  excess  of  light,"  and  little 
has  been  learned  on  the  subject  since  the  days 
of  the  indefatigable  Schruttr.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  present  year  a  committee  of  the  "  Ob- 
serving Astronomical  Society,"  in  England,  ar- 
ranged for  a  series  of  systematic  observations 
of  tho  planet,  and  no  less  than  thirty-seven 
gentlemen  promised  to  aid  in  the  work.  They 
begun  their  operations  in  March,  and  valuable 
results  have  already  been  attained.  Markings 
upon  the  surface  of  the  planet  have  been  seen 
and  delineated  by  several  of  the  observers,  and 
there  is  u  general  similarity  in  the  drawings 
made  at  the  same  date  by  d  fferent  persons. 
When  the  various  sketches  and  observations 
have  been  carefully  compared  we  may  expect 
that  our  knowledge  of  the  "geography"  of 
Venus  will  be  materially  enlarged. 

Sinking  of  Bodies  in  the  Ocean. — Doubts 
about  the  sinking  of  bodies  in  the  ocean  can 
only  be  entertained  by  those  who  imagine  the 
water  is  more  compressible  than  the  bodies 
sinking  in  the  same.  Now  the  reverse  is  the 
case.  "Water  at  a  depth  of  8,000  feet  is  only 
increased  one-hundredth  part  in  its  density  or 
specific  weight,  while  cork,  wood  or  other  por- 
ous bodies,  will  at  a  much  less  depth  become 
so  much  compressed  as  to  be  unable  to  even  re- 
ascend  to  the  surface.  They  have  become 
heavier  than  water,  and,  consequently,  will 
float  no  longer,  and  this  is  called  water-logged. 
We  have  heard  people  who  even  went  so  far  in 
their  error  as  to  assert  that,  at  a  sufficient 
depth,  the  density  of  the  water  is  such  as  to 
prevent  even  stones  from  sinking  further;  the 
absurdity  of  this  notion  is  evident  from  the  fact 
that  in  this  case  the  whole  ocean  bottom  would 
be  floating. 


Scientific  Achievements. — What  would  the 
great  father  of  British  chemistry  have  said,  had 
he  stood  in  the  lecture  room  of  the  Royal 
Institution,  where  his  great  discoveries  were 
made,  and  seen  the  burning  hydrogen  extracted 
by  our  great  countryman  Graham,  from  a 
meteorite,  the  heat  and  light  of  another  world; 
or  could  he  look  with  Lockyer  on  the  burning 
flames  of  hydrogen,  which  dart  up  from  the 
sun  to  a  hight  of  50,000  miles,  or  could  he  read 
the  flashing  telegrams  which  so  rapidly  run 
around  the  world,  that  our  notions  of  time  are 
completely  upset,  and  we  actually  receive  in- 
telligence to-day  which  was  sent  to-morrow? 
—Ex. 


The  Spectroscope  and  Nebular  Hypothesis 
Prof.  Kirkwood  says  that  the  spectroscope  has 
demonstrated  the  present  existence  of  im- 
mense nebulous  masses,  such  as  that  from 
which  Laplace  supposes  the  solar  system  to 
have  been  derived.  It  has  shown,  moreover, 
a  progressive  change  in  their  physical  structure, 
in  accordance  with  the  views  of  the  same  as- 
tronomer. In  short,  the  evidence  afforded  by 
spectrum  analysis  in  favor  of  the  nebular  hy- 
pothesis is  cumulative  and  of  itself  sufficient  to 
give  this  celebrated  theory  a  high  degree  of 
probability. 

Power  of  the  Sun's  Rays. — Mr.  Siemens, 
the  well  known  English  telegraphist,  has  in- 
vented a  photometer  which  has  proved  that 
light  penetrates  to  a  depth  of  one  hundred 
fathoms  below  the  surface  of  the  sea.  Hitherto 
it  has  been  supposed  that  thirty  fathoms  was 
the  farthest  depth  to  which  the  sun's  rays 
could  reach,  but  an  apparatus,  of  which  the 
main  feature  is  chemically  prepared  paper,  has 
proved  that  the  sun  is  more  than  three  times  as 
powerful  as  was  supposed. 

Vapors  from  Smelting  "Works  and  Vegeta- 
tion.— The  apparently  injurious  effect  on  vege- 
tation of  the  vapors  from  the  smelting  works  at 
Freiberg,  Saxony,  has  given  rise  to  careful  in- 
vestigations and  elaborate  experiments  with 
certain  plants  on- the  part  of  the  authorities.  It 
has  been  found  that  neither  the  soot  or  the 
arsenious  acid  of  the  vapors  injures  the  vegeta- 
tion, but  the  sulphurous  acid,  even  in  very 
small  amounts,  has  a  deadly  effect.  Moreover, 
the  feed  raised  in  the  vicinity  causes  peculiar 
diseases  of  cattle. 


Buddhu'sRays. — A  resident  of  Colombo,  in 
the  island  of  Ceylon,  writes  to  Nature,  describ- 
ing a  curious  meteorological  phenomenon 
which  occurs  there,  and  which  the  inhabitants 
call  "Buddhu's  Rays."  It  consists  of  radiated 
bands  in  the  sky,  alternately  of  rose  color  and 
blue,  proceeding  from  a  point  close  to  the  hori- 
zon, and  is  generally  noticed  in  the  west  at 
sunset,  although  it  occasionally  appears  in  the 
east.  It  commonly  extends  from  thirty  to  forty 
degrees.      

Professor  Shepabd,  of  Amherst  College, 
Mass.,  has  one  of  the  largest  collections  of  me- 
teorites in  the  world .  It  embraces  146  differ- 
ent meteoric  stones  and  94  meteoric  irons. 
The  heaviest  specimen  of  the  irons  is  one  from 
Aeirotopas,  weighing  438  pounds,  and  the  larg- 
est of  the  stones  is  that  from  New  Concord, 
weighing  52  pounds. 

A  microscope  lens  was  recently  made  in  Lon- 
don, at  the  cost  of  $1,250,  from  a  diamond,  its 
magnifying  power  being  an  increase  over  that 
of  glass  as  eight  to  three. 


228 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  13,  1872. 


ining  nummary. 


THE  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Richer  and  Bettee. — Monitor  Miner, 
March   30:    The  Tarshish  miners   struck 
thia  -week  the   richest  and  finest  body  of 
ore  ever  opened  in  any  part  of  this  lode. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Kennedy. — Jackson  Ledger,  April  6:  On 
Monday  and  Tuesday  the  Kennedy  made 
a  clean  up  of  365  ozs. ,  after  a  run  of  19 
days.  A  new  ledge  about  2%  ft.  thick  has 
appeared  on  the  400-ft.  level,  which  sur- 
passes in  richness  any  rock  yet  discovered. 
The  Kennedy  now  has  2  distinct  ledges, 
either  of  which  are  charged  heavily  with 
free  gold. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Petticoat. — San  Andreas  Citizen,  April 
6:  This  claim  is  down  400  ft.  and  the  rock 
becomes  richer  as  they  progress. 

Capitol. — This  claim,  about  one  mile 
from  town,  has  struck  some  very  rich 
rock,  showing  free  gold. 

Hudson. — Last  week  some  ore  tested  as- 
sayed $15.06  to  the  ton.  The  Co.  are  still 
sinking  on  their  shaft  and  the  ore  seems  to 
grow  richer  as  they  progress. 

Mill's  Gbavel  Lead. — This  claim  is 
paying  remarkably  well.  A  shaft  was 
originally  sunk  on  the  lead  about  40  or  45 
ft.  deep.  Thence  the  Co.  have  followed 
up  the  lead  by  drifting  and  are  in  over 
500  ft.  The  gold  seems  to  grow  coarser  as 
the  drift  progresses.  Last  Saturday  a  2- 
week's  run  was  cleaned  up,  netting  over 
40  ozs.  The  Co.  are  working .  10  men  day 
and  night. 

Whisky  Hill. — Cor.  same:  The  mines 
are  being  worked  vigorously.  Three  hy- 
draulics are  running;  Bunker  Hill  and 
Whiskey  Hill  Tunnel  Cos.  are  using  the 
large  patent  nozzles;  Collins  &  Co.  and 
Meyers  &  Co.  are  running  a  hydraulic,  and 
other  small  claims  are  by  no  means  idle. 

Woek  Resumed. — Calaveras  Chronicle, 
April  6:  Operations  have  been  resumed 
upon  the  Whisky  Slide  mine.  The  battery 
is  once  more  in  motion,  crushing  a  fair 
quality  of  rock,  and  work  upon  the  lead  is 
also  being  pushed  ahead. 

EL  DORADOiCOUNTY. 

Gaeden  Valley. — Cor.  Placerville  Re- 
publican, April  4:  The  Isabel  is  worked 
by  Swain  &  Co.,  who  have  a  10-stamp 
steam  mill  erected.  There  are  some  good 
claims  that  are  being  worked  by  hydraul- 
ics, and  among  them  Capt.  Blaisdell's  and 
Mr.  Stowe's. 

NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Rich  Bock. — Grass  Valley  Republican, 
April  5:  By  an  and  Donahue  had  12  tons 
of  quartz  from  their  ledge  in  Wood- 
pecker's ravine  crushed  this  week  at  the 
Gold  Hill  mill  which  yielded  $62  a  ton. 

Heavy  Beick. — A  gold  brick  weighing 
529  oz.  made  its  appearance  at  Delano's 
banting  house  yesterday,  from  the  Empire 
mine,  valued  at  $8,900. 

Bich  Discoveey. — A  party  of  prospec- 
tors a  few  days  ago  discovered  a  rich 
pocket  of  quartz  on  Woods'  ravine,  and 
took  out  about  $700   worth   of  specimens. 

Eeie  Mine. — The  mine  on  Deadman's 
Flat  was  located  in  May  last.  The  first 
crushing  of  two  loads  of  rock  yielded 
$222.  The  second  crushing  of  9  loads  in 
July  yielded  $145  a  load.  The  third  crufh- 
iug  in  Oct.  of  15  loads  yielded  nearly  $500 
a  load.  Last  Friday  20  loads  were  crush- 
ed, yielding  $60  per  load.  The  owners 
have  sunk  only  about  50  ft.  on  the  ledge, 
which  averages  only  about  6  inches  in 
thickness. 

Impetus  to  Mining. — Good  paying  ore 
has  been  struck  in  the  Gold  Tunnel  mine 
near  Nevada  City,  at  a  depth  of  about  400 
ft.  from  the  surface.  In  codsequence  of 
the  discovery  Gashwiler  and  others  of  S. 
F.  have  purchashed  the  California  mine, 
which  is  a  continuation  of  the  Gold  Tun- 
nel, as  also  the  Illinois. 

Locations. — Nevada  Gazette,  Kyxi\  6: 
F.  Hoffman  &  Co.  havelocated  1,000  inches 
of  water  of  Little  Greenhorn  creek  to  be 
taken  out  of  the  creek  one  mile  below  the 
Greenhorn  quartz  mill,  and  to  be  convey- 
ed by  ditch  to  Boyd's  ravine,  for  mining 
purposes. 

The  same  parties  have  located  1,000  ft. 
of  ground  fronting  on  Boyd's  ravine,  and 
also  the  ravine  for  fluming  and  mining 
purposes. 

Gamble  &  Co.  havelocated  800  ft.  on  the 
Gracie  ledge  southwest  of  the  Gracie  Co's 
location,  in  Nevada  township. 

B.  0.  Walrath  and  others^yesterday  lo- 
cated 800  ft.  as  a  southern  extension  of 
the  Grarieledge,  commencing  at  the  south- 


erly boundry  of  Graire  SCo.'s  claim  and 
running  southeasterly  800  ft. 

Handsome  Result — Grass  Valley  Union, 
April  4:  A  lot  of  black  sand,  containing 
gold  covered  with  rust  and  slime,  220 
pounds,  from  the  Webster  gravel  claim, 
from  which  the  gold  could  not  be  saved  by 
ordinary  sluice  washing,  was  yesterday 
cleaned  up  at  the  Coe  mill,  from  Justin 
Michel's  amalgamating  pan,  and  produced 
17  ounces  of  hard  amalgam,  which  retort- 
ed 11  ounces  of  excellent  gold,  worth  over 
$18  per  ounce,  or  a  net  result  of  something 
over  $200. 

Minino  Matters. — The  shaft  of  the 
Daisy  Hill  mine  is  down  to  a  point  where 
drifts  are  to  be  run. 

The  repairs  having  been  made  to  the 
pumping  machinery  of  the  North  (Star, 
the  pumps  are  again  at  work  and  rapidly 
freeing  the  mine  of  water. 

Chunk  of  Gold. — Nevada  Transci'ipt, 
April  7.  We  saw  a  beautiful  lot  of  gold, 
yesterday,  valued  at  $2,560,  the  result  of 
10  days'  work  in  a  placer  claim,  near  this 
city. 

placer  county- 
Good  Yield. — Auburn  Herald,  April  6: 
Jones  of  the  Bellevue  has  finished  crush- 
ing the  rock  taken  from  that  mine,  at  the 
St.  Patrick  mill.  The  amount  of  ore  re- 
duced was  429  tons,  and  the  yield  was  some 
$18,000,  an  average  of  over  $40  per  ton. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — San  Diego  Union,  March  28: 
Bullion  valued  at  $10,138  was  shipped  to 
S.  F.  last  Sunday,  all  from  San  Diego 
mines. 

Clean  Up. — Mr.  Farley  of  the  Stone- 
wall mine,  arrived  on  Wednesday.  He 
brought  with  him  a  gold  brick,  valued  at 
$1,800,  result  of  an  8-day  run  at  the  mill. 
Items.— San  Diego  Bulletin,  March  30:  C. 
Pauley  returned  from  the  mines  yesterday, 
bringing  a  gold  brick  worth  $800,  the 
product  of  21  tons  of  rock  from  the  Hel- 
vetia, crushed  at  Pierce's  mill,  the  clean 
up  of  last  Tuesday. 
TRINITY  COUNTY. 

Douglas  City. — Cor.  Weaverville  Jour- 
nal, March  30 :  Boderic  &  Rabbit  are 
working  a  point  on  Mule  Gulch  which 
pays  them  $10  per  day  to  the  hand  regu- 
larly. Jas.  A.  Johnson  has  his  new  der- 
rick upon  Stratton's  old  claim  and  it  works 
splendidly.  They  hoist  boulders  out  that 
weigh  several  tons  with  a  12  foot  wheel. — 
Mr.  Silcox  makes  $300  per  week  regularly. 
Manuel  Silva  &  Co.  have  made  a  partial 
clean-up  of  102  ounces  in  a  five  weeks' 
run.  Gabriel  &  Co.  have  ground  enough 
sluiced  to  keep  them  cleaning  up  all  Sum- 
mer. Frank  Silva  &  Co.  have  done  very 
well.  Hennessey  &  O'Keefe  are  rushing 
things  on  Spring  gulch  and  are  making 
money  fast,  but  Morris  &  Smith  beat  them 
all.  They  have  no  rocks  to  handle,  noth- 
ing but  red  loam.  They  pipe  away  the 
loam  and  there  lays  the  gold.  They  pick 
up  pieces  that  weigh  from  $2  to  $5,  2  ft 
from  the  bed-rock.  Last  week  they  took 
out  40  ounces  with  only  2  men  at  work. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Raileoad  Dist.  —  Elko  Independent, 
April  6:  The  erection  of  2  smelters  will 
probably  be  commenced  within  10  days  by 
the  Hussey  Co. 

The  Lee  mine,  at  a  depth  of  120  ft.,  has 
a  large  body  of  ore  assaying  on  an  aver- 
age $390  per  ton. 

The  Elko  tunnel,  at  a  distance  of  200  ft. , 
has  struck  a  large  body  of  ore  7  ft.  between 
the  walls. 

A  ledge  15  ft.  wide  of  rich  copper  ore 
has  been  struck  in  the  State  of  Maine  Tun- 
nel. 

The  Hunter  mine  has  a  fine  body  of  ore 
at  a  depth  of  90  ft. 

The  Hussey  Co.  has  commenced  to  work 
on  a  tunnel  which  will   strike   the  Last 
Chance  mine  at  a  depth  of  300  ft. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.— Ely  Record,  March  31:  W.  F. 
&  Co.  shipped  to-daj ,  bullion  valued  at 
$53,695  87. 

Beistol  Dist. — In  the  bay  State  the 
ledge  is  fine-looking,  and  from  present  de- 
velopments it  is  a  valuable  mine.  The  ore 
is  4  ft  in  thickness,  and  looks  well.  On 
the  dump  there  are  about  250  tons  that 
will  average  over  $100  per  ton.  At  the 
lowest  point  of  the  incline,  83  ft  from  the 
surface,  the  ore  looks  well,  and  is  as  exten- 
sive as  in  any  other  part  of  the  mine.  The 
ore  is  oxide  of  lead,  with  a  small  percent- 
age of  carbonate,  all  carrying  silver  and  a 
small  percentage  of  gold. 

In  the  Mayflower  but  little  work  has  been 
done,  almost  40  tons  of  good  ore  are  on  the 
dump. 

The  Cave  mine  is  on  the  northside  of 
Copper  Mt.  This  mine  is  worked  by  a 
tunnel  which  starts  into  the  mountains 
about  100  ft  above  the  bed   of  the   canon. 


The  tunnel  follows  the  hanging  wall  of  the 
ledge  122  ft,  but  the  ore  being  so  very 
thick,  it  was  found  necessary  to  raise  up  to 
another  level,  17  ft  above  the  main  tunnel, 
and  from  this  point,  the  tunnel  continues 
85  ft  further,  the  full  size  of  the  tunnel  be- 
ing in  ore.  The  ore  is  oxide  and  carbonate. 
The  ledge  will  average  over  8  ft  in  thick- 
ness from  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel  to  the 
point,  225  ft  back  in  the  mountain.  The 
dump  contains  over  1,250  tons  of  ore  that 
will  average  an  assay  of  $80  per  ton.  The 
National  is  the  south  extension  of  the  Cave 
and  is  a  very  fine  claim.  It  is  opened  by 
a  tunnel  which  follows  the  ledge  80  ft,  and 
from  this  point  an  incline  is  sunk  40  ft 
deep,  every  foot  of  the  workings  showing 
a  fine  ledge. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Fine  Oee. — Eureka  Sentinel,  April  2: 
The  Eureka  Con.  Co.  shipped  to  S.  F.,  a 
few  days  ago,  16,000  tt>s.  of  the  fine  ore 
recently  developed  in  the  lower  workings 
of  the  mine. 

Diamond  Dist. — The  owners  of  the 
Champion  are  working  their  property  day 
and  night  and  are  opening  a  fine  body  of 
mineral. 

Silver  Lick. — The  main  shaft  is  down 
70  ft.  and  the  ledge  is  one  of  the  largest 
and  best  defined  in  the  dist.  At  the  first 
station,  35  ft.  from  the  surface,  drifts  are 
being  run  each  way  on  the  ledge.  In  one 
of  these  drifts  an  immense  body  of  high 
grade  ore  has  been  developed  within  the 
last  few  days. 

Hot  Creek. — Cor.  same:  Our  mines  are 
not  in  as  forward  a  condition  as  they  might 
be,  from  the  fact  that  the  owners  have  uot 
the  means  to  reduce  their  ores  into  bullion. 

At  Moore's  dist. ,  15  miles  northeasterly 
from  Hot  Creek,  about  7  tons  per  month 
of  assorted  ores  are  shipped  to  the  Man- 
hattan mill.  This  ore  works  about  $400 
per  ton. 

The  New  Philadelphia  mine,  in  Battle- 
snake  Canon,  6  miles  northwesterly  from 
Hot  Creek,  is  about  to  be  operated  on. 

The  "2  G"  (Twogee)  mine  is,  perhaps, 
the  leading  mine  of  Tybo  dist.  The  props, 
have  opened  the  mine,  in  several  new 
places,  from  the  bottom  to  the  top  of  the 
hill,  a  perpendicular  of  about  300  ft,  and 
in  so  doing  have  stripped  large  bodies  of 
galena,  rich  in  silver.  They  have  sunk 
also  a  shaft,  70  ft. ,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill, 
bringing  up  good  ore  from  a  well  defined 
ledge,  and  the  work  still  goes  on  upon  the 
shaft. 

In  Empire  dist.,  which  joins  Tybo  dist. 
on  the  north,  John  Centraz  has  struck  a 
mass  of  surface  ore  of  a  peculiarly  decep- 
tive character.  This  mass  is  a  very  large 
out-crop  of  lime  spar  and  quartz  of  a 
speckled  or  freckled  appearance,  but  it  as- 
says variously  from  $20  up  to  $12,600  in 
silver  per  ton. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Rich  Mine. — Unionville  Silver  State, 
April  6  :  One  of  the  richest  silver  mines 
in  this  county  has  been  opened  and  is  be- 
ing steadily  worked  by  C.  Gregg.  The 
mine  is  20  miles  from  Golconda  Station  in 
Gold  Bun  Dist.,  and  at  present  a  shaft  60 
ft  in  depth  has  been  sunk,  from  which  ore 
has  been  taken  which  worked  $421  to  the 
ton. 

Natchez. — This  mine,  in  Sierra  Dist. ,  a 
short  distance  south  of  the  Gem  mine,  is 
turning  out  ore  which  yields  about  $400  to 
the  ton. 

Patteeson. — The  mine  belonging  to  this 
Co.,  commonly  called  the  "Lead  mine,"  is 
about  4  miles  from  Golconda  Station,  on 
the  C.  P.  R.  R.  A  shaft  is  down  about  30 
ft.  with  good  prospects  for  a  valuable  mine 

Bonded. — The  Eagle  in  Indian  Dist. 
was  bonded  on  last  Thursday  for  90  days 
and  the  price  is  $25,000. 

Copper  Mines.— Capt.  Winn,  at  Sum- 
mit Springs,  has  recently  discovered  some 
valuable  copper  mines  in  that  vicinity. 

Centbal  Dist.— A  lot  of  ore  recently 
shipped  from  the  mine  of  Ruse  &  Co.  is 
said  to  have  yielded  very  handsomely. 
Work  will  be  prosecuted  with  vigor  on 
that  side  of  the  river  this  summer. 
REESE  RIVER. 

Bullion  Shipment  foe  March. — Reese 
River  Reville,  April  2:  The  following  is  a 
summary  of  the  bullion  shipped  through 
the  office  of  W.  F.  &  Co.  in  this  city  during 
March.  134  bars,  11,826  lbs.,  of  the  value 
of  $128,646.65.'  Of  these,  11  bars  were 
from  the  Murphy  Mill,  valued  at  $10,- 
515.20;  38  from  the  Belmont  mill,  valued 
at  $18,791.69;  11  from  the  Ellsworth  mill, 
valued  at  $10,640.36  and  74  bars  from  the 
Manhattan  mill,  valued  at  $88,709.40. 
WASHOE. 

Bullion  Shipment  foe  the  Past  Quar- 
ter.— The  following  is  the  bullion  ship- 
ment of  W.  F.  &  Co.,  from  their  office  in. 
this  city,  for  the  past  3  months:  Shipped 
during  Jan.  468  bars,  34,939  lbs.,  valued 
at  $914,189.22;  for  Feb.   476  bars,  37,061 


lbs. ,  valued  at  $954,111.38;  and  for  March 
509  bar3,  39,024  lbs.,  valued  at  $1,066,- 
247.70.  This  makes  a  total  for  the  quarter 
of  1,453  bars,  weighing  111,024  lbs.,  worth 
$2,934,548.30. 

Suteo  Tunnel. — The  Tunnel  was  in 
March  30th  2,811  ft.  Shaft  No.  1  was  down 
132  ft.;  No.  2,  307  ft.;  No.  3,  156  ft;  No. 
4,  150  ft. 

It  is  rumored  that  a  new  and  promising 
deposit  of  ore  has  been  struck  in  the  Sav- 
age, near  the  winze  which  connects   with 
the  drift  on  the  1,400  ft.  level. 
WHITE  PINE. 

North  Aurora. — White  Pine  News, 
March  30:  Treasuee  Hill  Mines. — The 
force  of  miners  in  the  Ridsdale  chamber 
has  been  increased  since  our  last  visit. 
The  ore  in  sight  averages  over  $100  per 
ton,  and  requires  but  little  assorting. 
The  body  has  increased  since  last  report, 
and  from  present  appearance  promises  to 
prove  as  extensive  as  the  famous  Lady's 
chamber.  Hoisting  ore,  day  and  night, 
by  whim. 

Second  South  Ex.  of  Hidden  Treas- 
ure.— Extracting  ore  from  the  bottom  and 
South  side  of  the  Anchor  incline.  The 
ore  extracted  will  mill  $30  to  $40  per  ton. 
The  drift  running  north  to  connect  with 
the  drift  from  the  north  shaft  is  pushed 
ahead  with  2  shifts,  and  shows  a  well  de- 
fined spar  wall  for  the  whole  distance. 
The  indications  are  favorable  for  develop- 
ing a  good  mine. 

San  Juan  del  Rio. — The  usual  force  is 
employed,  with  improved  prospects,  com- 
pleting the  prospecting  shaft  to  the  depth 
of  125  ft.  The  shaft  is  down  48  ft.  and 
shows  richer  ore  in  the  bottom  than  any 
yet  "found  since  the  mine  started  up.  Capt. 
Boyle  will,  after  a  depth  of  125  ft.  is  at- 
tained, run  levels  from  the  main  shaft,  and 
commence  stoping  out  ore  for  shipment 
to  mill. 

East  Sheboygan. — Breasting  out  in  the 
west  cross-cut.  Contractors  have  pushed 
the  drift  from  the  Exchange  incline  ahead 
6  ft.  the  past  week.  The  chances  for  com- 
ing on  the  ore-body  soon  are  favorable. 

Beechee  Con. — Four  men  are  employed 
running  the  east  drift  from  ore  chamber. 
Silver  Wave. — Rich  ore  is  extracted 
from  the  Boswell  shaft. 

Eberhaedt. — Breasting  out  in  the  south 
stope  of  the  Keystone  shaft,  in  a  fair  grade 
of  ore. 

Ward  Beecher. — Working  in  the  east 
drift  to  connect  with  the  Lady's  chamber. 
Schell  Creek. — Cor.  Elko  Independent, 
April  6:  The  Wide  West,  on  Buby  Hill, 
has  a  shaft  on  it  30.  ft.,  showing  good  ore 
all  the  way.  The  ledge  is  10  ft.  between 
the  walls,  and  work  has  been  resumed  on 
it,  and  will  be  prosecuted  vigorously.  The 
ore  is  of  a  high  grade. 

The  Ajax,  belonging  to  the  same  cluster 
of  rich  mines  discovered  last  fall,  although 
but  partially  prospected,  is  looked  upon 
as  one  of  the  most  promising  mines  in  the 
Dist.  This  ledge  has  a  shaft  sunk  on  it 
10  ft.  deep,  showingat  that  depth  rich  ore, 
8  ft.  between  casings. 

The  Silver  Wreath  is  being  rapidly  de- 
veloped, showing  good  ore  the  whole  depth 
of  the  shaft,  which  is  down  20  ft.,  with  a  7 
ft.  ledge  between  the  walls. 

The  Lookout  is  in  the  same  neighbor- 
hood, showing  a  ledge  of  rich  carbonate 
ore,  5  ft.  wide.  A  shaft  30  ft.  deep  has 
been  sunk  on  the  mine,  and  the  owners  are 
busily  at  work  going  down. 

Near  Sohellbourne  the  most  promising 
mines  are  as  follows:  McHahn,  which  has 
a  shaft  15  ft.  deep  and  is  10  ft.  between 
the  walls;  Woodburn,  with  incline  12  ft., 
shows  a  rich  body  of  ore,  $240  per  ton,  6 
ft.  wide;  Ontario,  with  incline  30  ft., 
shows  a  3%  ft.  ledge.,  that  assays  from 
$1,500  to  $2,100.  This  mine  is  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  Ferguson  spring,  which  af- 
fords 30  inches  of  water  the  year  around. 
The  St.  Paul  is  another  promising  ledge, 
north  of  the  overland  road.  Work  already 
done  on  it  demonstrates  it  to  be  a  true 
fissure  vein  of  high  grade  ore. 

Arizona. 

Wallapai. — Cor.  Prescott  Miner,  Mar. 
23:  Meechem  &  Harey's  mill  is  working 
on  splendid  ore  from  several  ledges.  I 
saw  26%  lbs.  of  bullion  taken  from  3  tons 
of  ore  of  the  Rilay  ledge. 

The  furnace  of  the  Chloride  City  will  be 
ready  for  work  in  about  2  weeks,  and  an- 
other one  for  Cerbat,  is  on  the  road  be- 
tween Los  Angeles  and  the  Colorado 
river.  It  is  expected  to  be  in  operation 
in  about  8  weeks. 

The  ledges  around  here  are  very  promis- 
ing. The  Fairfield,  Keystone,  and  other 
lodes  are  being  worked  night  and  day,  and 
are  gradually  becoming  richer  as  the  work 
progresses. 

Several  capitalists  have  arrived  from 
San  Francisco  and  the  East,  with  a  view  of 
erecting  mills,  etc.,  here. 


April  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


229 


Hualapai. — (Some  paper  Mar.  30:)  J. 
Leopold  exhibited  to  as  yesterday  speci- 
mens of  ore  from  the  mines  of  Chloride,  5 
miles  from  Mineral  Park.  One  specimen 
was  taken  from  the  shaft  of  the  Silver 
Hill  Co.,  at  120  ft.  from  the  surface,  and 
another  was  obtained  from  another  shaft 
on  the  ground  of  the  same  Co.  at  80  ft. 
from  the  surface,  both  of  which  are  ex- 
ceedingly rich  in  silver.  The  lowest  aver- 
age assay  value  of  this  ore,  is  $218.66. 
The  ledge  is  TV,  ft.  in  width  and  increases 
in  richness  with  depth.  They  areengaged 
in  driving  a  tunnel  to  tap  the  vein,  having 
commenced  operations  simultaneously  on 
both  sides  of  the  hill.  Specimens  of  ore 
obtained  from  the  Pink-eye,  10  ft.  from 
the  surface,  assay  as  high  as  SI, 500  per 
ton.  Work  is  being  vigorously  pushed, 
and  they  are  down  30  ft.  Sinking  ou  the 
Diana  ledge  has  reached  40  ft.  The  assays 
of  ore  are  various,  but  iu  evory  instance 
exceedingly  rich.  All  the  lodges  that  have 
been  prospected  are  looking  well,  and  ev- 
ery effort  is  being  made  to  develop  them. 
Mr.  Cover's  smelting  works  are  going  np 
rapidly.  Thero  is  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
ore  on  the  dumps  to  keep  those  works  em- 
ployed for  at  least  2  years.  The  average 
width  of  tho  ledges  throughout  the  dist.  is 
about  20  inches. 

Colorado. 

Items. — Colorado  Miner,  Mar.  28:  H. 
Utter  shipped  on  account  of  owners,  dur- 
ing March,  170,000  lbs.  of  smelting  ore  to 
Black  Hawk.  There  wero  crushed,  sam- 
pled and  sacked,  at  (i.  W.  Hall's  mill, 
during  March,  120,957  lbs.  of  smelting 
ore.  Palmer  &  Nichols  who  have  shut 
down  for  repairs,  have  started  up  again. 
Baily  &  Nott  shipped  during  March,  on 
account  of  owners,  90 J ^  tons  of  smelting 
ore.  This  firm  have  on  hand,  ready  for 
shipment,  250  tons.  The  value  of  the  ore 
shipped  and  on  hand  will   reach  SllO.OOO. 

Snow  &  Co.  seem  to  be  cracking  away 
bravely  in  the  Butler  lode,  Gunnell  Hill. 
The  main  shaft  is  35  ft.  in  depth,  carrying 
a  rich  vein  of  ore.  The  works  have  teen 
put  into  first-class  order. 

J.  W.  Clayton,  of  Nevada,  has  placed 
upon  our  table  a  retort  weighing  100  ozs., 
tho  result  obtained  from  his  stamp-mill 
from  9  cords  of  ore  from  the  claim  of 
Boberts  &  Co.,  on  the  Kansas  lode. 

The  Cook  property,  on  tho  Gunnell 
lode,  that  has  lain  idle  for  so  long  was 
leased  a  short  time  since  to  Richards, 
Grow  &  Co.  During  the  present  week  5 
cords  were  treated  at  Kimber's  mill,  Black 
Hawk;  yield,  9  ozs.  per  cord. 

BonEBTS  &  Co.,  on  the  Kansas  are  work- 
ing the  OphirG.  M.  Co.'s  claim.  Through- 
out the  mine,  in  levels,  stopes  and  shafts, 
the  pay  ore  averages  30  inches  in  width, 
1-class  ore  selling  for  $85  per  ton,  and  the 
2-class  paying  11  and  12  ozs.  per  cord 
under  stamps. 

Booldeb  Co. — Cor.  same:  Three  Cos. 
are  working  on  the  Celestial  lode,  in 
Ward.  They  are  taking  out  a  good  quali- 
ty of  ore,  and  have  about  10  cords  on  the 
dump,  ready  for  milling. 

Joe  Long  and  Chas.  Holverson  are  at 
work  on  the  Columbia,  and  have  about 
5  cords  on  the  dump.  L.  &  H.  will  soon 
start  up  their  10-stamp  mill  on  Left 
Hand. 

Albert  Osbobne  will  commence  work 
in  the  gulch  mines  on  Four-mile  creek,  as 
soon  as  the  water  starts  running. 

Boulder. — The  North  Boulder  ditch 
running  from  Graham's  old  ranch  to  the 
White  Bock  Mill,  is  to  be  enlarged  to  6  ft 
on  the  bottom,  and  will  carry  about  3  ft  of 
water. 

At  Switchville,  Williams  &  Mitchell  are 
sinking  on  their  lode,  and  are  down  20  ft. 
At  that  depth,  the  ore  is  running  from  $350 
to  $800  per  ton.  Amasa  Bixby  and  Tom 
Davis,  think  they  have  discovered  the  ex- 
tension of  Williams  &  Mitchell's  lode.  The 
ore  looks  well  at  a  depth  of  10  ft. 

Idaho. 

Waeeen's  Camp. — Cor.  Lewiston  Signal, 
March  16  :  Both  the  Rescue  mine  and  mill 
are  in  full  operation.  On  the  10th  they 
expected  to  make  a  clean-up  of  a  2  week's 
run.  The  prospects  look  as  well  as  ever, 
if  not  better.  A  second  chimney  of  good 
ore  had  been  reached  in  drifting  east  about 
200  ft  from  the  terminus  of  the  tunnel. 

The  Mines. — Walla  Walla  Union,  March 
23  :  A  busy  and  prosperous  season  is  an- 
ticipated by  all.  In  Warrens'  diggings 
everything  is  being  put  in  readiness.  In 
the  Oro  Fino  dist  in  the  vicinity  of  Pierce 
city  a  new  ditch  was  completed  last  season 
and  there  will  be  an  abundant  supply  of 
water.  At  Florence,  one  Co.  commenced 
work  about  2  weeks  ago,  and  others  were 
preparing  to  follow.  In  the  Elk  City 
camp  the  Chinamen  have  commenced  work- 
ing their  claims,  and  expect  a  long  season 
as  the  snow  is  about  10  ft  deep  on  the  sum- 


mit. On  Newsome  creek  the  miners  are 
getting  to  work,  all  the  hydraulics  being  in 
full  operation. 

Montana. 

Diasiond  City.— Helena  Gazelle,  March 
25  :  The  miniug  interests  in  old  Confeder- 
ate gulch  present  a  lively  appearance,  and 
several  Co.'s  have  been  drifting  and  wash- 
ing up  dirt  all  winter  wiih  very  rich  results. 
D.  P.  Baukin  is  rnnning  his  claim  night 
and  day,  and  employs  some  40  men.  The 
bar  diggings  will  be  started  up  immedi- 
ately. Michael  Welsh,  of  El  Dorado  Bar, 
is  making  preparations  to  commence  work 
on  an  extensive  scale  next  week. 

I.11  Hi  in  1  noN  Works. — Helena  //  raid, 
March  'Jh  :  This  morning  the  largest  sil- 
ver button  ever  cast  in  this  Territory  was 
turned  out  at  the  Helena  Beduotion 
Works.  lis  weight  is  30*  lbs,  and  its  value 
is  upwards  of  SO, 000. 

West  Side. — Oor.  same :  Lyon's  mill  is 
running  dayand  night,  turning  out  bullion 
of  superior  fineness. 

The  St.  Louis  mill  has  just  started  up, 
crushing  oro  from  the  Eastern  Comanche. 

Work  on  the  Eastern  and  Western 
Comanche  is  being  prosecuted.  A  shaft  is 
being  extended  on  tho  Hope,  and  the 
newly  discovered  Little  Emma  lode  is 
likely  to  prove  far  from  small,  as  day  by 
day  it  shows  up  better.  The  trout  re- 
mains the  leading  richest  fish,  both  iu  the 
camp  and  Territory. 

Another  mill  will  be  orected  here  the 
coming  season  by  a  Wheeling  Co. 

Blackfoot. — Deer  Lodge  Independent, 
March  30:  Mining  has  been  commenced 
in  a  few  claims  in  Ophir  gulch  and  on  the 
Bar. 

Phmlipsbubo.— Col.  Lyon  is  crushing 
Speckled  Trout  ore  with  good  results. 
Holland  &  Co.,  are  taking  out  ore  from 
the  Emma,  which  will  average  about  $80 
to  the  ton,  with  an  8  ft.  lode  at  the  depth 
of  68  ft.  H.  Brown  has  hands  at  work  on 
East  Comanche,  Cordova,  and  Dashaway 
lodes,  taking  out  oi-e. 

New  Mines. — Winohell  &  Co.,  have 
commenced  work  on  the  new  mines  dis- 
covered last  fall  in  the  bar  or  hill  east  of 
Flint  Valley. 

The  Cameron  Mill  at  Cable  will  start 
up  next  week.  It  is  expected  that  300 
tons  of  ore  will  be  crushed  before  the  mill 
is  shut  down.  The  ore  being  taken  out  is 
said  to  be  very  rich. 

Qregon. 

Portland  Oregonian,  March  2d:  Mining 
prospects  are  first-rate.  Seventeen  com- 
panies of  Chinaman  are  at  work  on  "Mai- 
den Gulch,"  Eagle  District,  Union  county, 
and  miners  at  work  in  Rye  Valley. 

Bohemian  Mines. — W.  S.  Burnhani, 
Superintendent  of  Knott  &  Ladd's  mill,  in 
the  Bohemian  mines,  informs  us  that  on 
Monday  next  he  expects  to  resume  opera- 
tions. 

Pig  of  Coppee. — At  Ladd  &  Tilton's 
bank  can  be  seen  a  pig  of  copper  weighing 
seventy  pounds,  the  result  of  eight  hun- 
dred pounds  of  ore,  taken  from  a  ledge 
discovered  some  years  since,  a  few  miles 
from  Baker  City. 

Utah. 

Bullion. — Salt  Lake  Tribune,  April  2  : 
2  bars  were  shipped  to-day  to  N.  Y.  from 
the  Pioneer  mill,  East  Canon,  worth  $1,- 
909  87. 

A  new  body  of  ore  has  been  struck  in 
the  Emma,  10  ft  in  width,  chloride  ore, 
the  average  assay  of  which  goes  $1,900  per 
ton. 

From  Butterfield  Caiion,  near  Bingham, 
a  car  load  of  ore  came  in  which  is  worth 
$10,000.  A  little  over  10  tons  assays  over 
$900  per  ton. 

In  the  Sparrowhawk,  recently  sold  to  an 
English  Co. ,  they  have  a  body  of  ore  12  ft 
wide,  which  assays  from  $125  to  $129  per 
ton. 

Deseket  Dist. — The  dist.  is  125  miles 
SW  of  S  L  City  on  the  edge  of  the  desert. 

The  claims  already  located,  of  most  im- 
portance, are  the  Sheet  Anchor,  Dudley, 
Shade  Tree,  Spring  Branch,  Douglas,  and 
Dauntless,  and  of  these  the  Sheet  Anchor 
and  Dudley,  both  on  the  same  ledge,  the 
first  named  running  westerly  800  ft,  and 
the  second  easterly  the  same  distance  from 
the  discovery  monument,  constitute  the 
great  ledge  of  the  dist.  At  the  discovery 
monument  the  locators  have  unitedly  run 
a  tunnel  about  50  ft  into  the  hill,  widening 
it  out  at  the  inner  end  from  top  to  bottom 
to  17  or  18  ft,  finding  the  true  hanging  and 
foot  walls  that  distance  apart,  and  pitching 
at  an  angle  of  10  or  50  deg.  into  the  hill. 
Both  the  tunnel  and  exterior  indications 
show  that  this  is  a  monster  ledge.  A  num 
ber  of  excavations  made  upon  it  at  differ- 
ent points  around  the  hill,  show  the  same 
ledge  matter  of  unknown  width,  and  large 
lumps  of  galena  and  carbonate  ores,  testify 


to  the  character  and  value  of  the  treasures 
which  lie  beneath. 

The  Shade  Tree  has  a  prospect  hole  of 
14  ft  in  depth,  and  shows  a  ledge  of  5  to  7 
ft  with  good  walls  pitching  perpendicu- 
larly, and  with  a  "strike"  east  and  west- 
erly. 

The  Dauntless  has  a  shaft  25  ft  deep,  the 
ledge  widening  as  it  goes  down,  and  has 
several  tons  of  handsome  ore  on  thodump. 

The  Hawkeye  tunnel  on  Lion  Hill  is  in 
300  ft.  They  have  already  found  some 
horn  silver  and  an  abundanco  of  low  grade 
ore  in  the  tunuel. 

Oiim:  Items.— Tho  Aiken  Furnace  is 
said  to  be  a  complete  success.  Aiken  it  is 
said  has  the  contract  for  erecting  another 
furnace  at  Lewiston,  Camp  Floyd  Dist. 

The  Co.'s  having  interests  on  Lion  Hill 
are  commencing  operations  again  on  a 
large  scale. 

The  English  Co.  is  beginning  to  operate 
extensively,  and  Col.  Fawcett  is  expecting 
to  complete  his  mill  iu  the  course  of  a  few 
weeks. 

The  Brevoort  mill  is  likewise  to  start 
next  week.  The  arastras  are  all  busy, 
turning  out  considerable  bullion. 

Stockton. — Cor.  same  :  Jacobs  intends 
erecting  a  three  stack  furnace  at  this 
point  this  spring,  and  several  others  are 
spoken  of  as  about  to  construct  small  fur- 
naces.    A  mill  is  also  in  contemplation. 

In  the  Putnam  mine  the  main  incline 
shaft  is  185  feet  deep.  At  the  depth  of  80 
feet  a  side  shaft  is  down  85  feet,  with  a  level 
of  14  feet.  Many  hundred  sacks  of  ore  are 
stored  near  the  dump. 

Nokth  Tintic. — Cor.  same:  The  district 
is  in  the  mountains  bordering  the  east  side 
of  the  southern  end  of  Skull  Valley.  The 
following  mines  have  been  located  :  Black 
Crook,  Blue  Jacket,  Blue  Eagle,  Belle  of 
the  West,  Cosmos  and  several  others. 

The  Black  Crook  is  down  15  feet,  a  cut 
lays  the  vein  open  to  a  width  of  ten  feet, 
and  yet  the  north  wall  has  not  been  reached. 
This  is  a  large  vein,  being  traced  on  the 
surface  for  several  thousand  feet.  The  as- 
says range  from  $26.50  to  $713.17. 

Several  of  the  mines  are  being  worked, 
and  in  the  course  of  a  week  there  will  be 
over  a  dozen  first-class  mines  in  full  ope- 
ration. 

Silver  City — Meader  &  Co.  have  a  force 
of  twenty  hands  at  work  on  the  Mammoth, 
a  copper  bearing  mine.  The  same  com- 
pany is  working  the  Swansea  and  Sun- 
beam. 

S.  L.  City. — From  [a  general  letter  we 
condense  as  follows:  At  Camp  Floyd  a 
20-stamp  mill  is  being  erected  by  the 
Sparrow  Hawk  Co.,  and  within  a  very  few 
days  a  sale  of  the  Silver  Circle  was  effected 
for  $30,000,  on  which  the  remaining  $14,- 
000  was  paid  in  this  city  to-day.  A  tram- 
way or  double  track  is  to  be  constructed 
from  the  Sparrow  Hawk  mine  to  their 
mill,  a  distance  of  4,000  feet.  Many  late 
strikes  have  been  made  in  that  camp. 
Pardee  &  Murphy  have  found  very  rich 
ore  in  their  shaft.  Barry  &  Butler  have 
very  fine  horn  silver  in  their  shafts,  all  of 
which  are  near  Colorado  gulch.  The 
depth  of  these  shafts  varies  from  20  to  35 
feet.  There  is  much  talk  of  a  mill  being 
built  at  that  point  early  in  the  spring. 


S.  P,  Stock  Exchange  Board, 

San  Francisco,   April  11,  1872. 

The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending 
Friday  the  5th,  aggregate,  $4,308,000.  The 
amount  of  dividends  of  three  mining  companies 
declared  on  the  6th,  amounted  to  $718,000  ;  of 
this  the  Belcher  paid  $208,000,  the  Crown 
Point,  $300,000,  and  the  Raymond  &  Ely, 
$210,000  ;  being  the  largest  dividends  ever  paid 
by  the  mines  mentioned.  During  the  past  four 
months,  the  Belcher  has  paid  in  dividends, 
$624,000,  and  the  Crown  Point,  $780,000  ;  mak- 
ing a  total  from  the  two  mines  of  $1,404,000. 
During  the  week  ending  on  the  6th,  820  tons  of 
ore  were  extracted  from  the  Chollar-Potosi 
mine,  assaying  $34.62  per  ton.  On  the  9th 
inst.,  the  third  remittance  for  the  month  was 
sent  down  from  the  Raymond  &  Ely,  amounting 
to  $93,700  ;  and  on  the  5th,  $9,100  was  sent 
from  the  Bowery  mine.  The  amount  sent  from 
the  Murphy  mine,  since  the  mill  started  up  last 
month,  is  $10,600. 

There  was  no  session  of  the  Board  on  Wed 
nesday  morning,  it  having  adjourned  in  respect 
to  the  memory  of  Wm.  F.  King,  a  member  of 
the  Board,  who  died  the  day  before. 

During  the  past  week,  300,000  tons  of  ore 
were  taken  from  the  Crown  Point,  valued  at 
$198,000.  The  meeting  called  for  the  15th inst., 
by  the  Trustees  of  this  mine,  is  for  the  purpose 
of  taking  into  consideration  a  proposition  to  in- 
crease the  number  of  shares,  so  as  to  make  i^ 


available  for  small  investors  and  more  popular 
in  the  Board.  The  capital  is  now  $3,000,000  in 
12,000  shares.  It  is  proposed  to  moke  the  capi- 
tal $10,000,000  in  100,000  shares. 

The  Stock  market  has  been  more  active  of 
late  than  ever  before.  A  number  of  new  stocks 
have  been  placed  on  the  market  and  all  of  them 
sell  readily.  Prices  for  most  all  kinds  arc  un- 
usually high,  and  it  is  generally  thought  that  11 
fall  must  shortly  come.  The  excitement  is 
great,  and  anything  in  the  shape  of  mining 
stock  sells  quickly. 

Some  of  the  Nevada  miues  have  increased 
wonderfully  in  value  duriug  the  past  few  weeks 
—  values  that  a  year  ago  no  one  would  have 
believed  possible.  The  following  table  exhibits 
tho  current  market  values  of  some  of  the  lead- 
ing mines,  as  based  on  prices  at  which  they 
were  sold  in  the  Board  yesterday  : 

Foet  Ui  Mine.  Price  per  foot.  Yulnrof  Mine. 

Belcher 1,010            •  H.250  18,580,000 

ciiul!:.r-Ti>to8i 2,800                1,080  2,968,000 

CrownPolnt (100               20,000  Tj.oixi.une 

clmil.l  k  curry 1,100                 1.430  1,718,000 

BaletNororoBs....   -wo  10,000  i.ooo.ooo 

Imperii) 184  s.ioo  940.000 

Kontuck IT.  S  050.000 

Sava«o 800  8.000  M.00,000 

Yellow  Jacket 1,'iOO  2,720  3,204,000 


Total $10,518,000 

Market  value  of  same  January  1.  1872 15,318,000 


Increase  for  three  months  $25,200,000 

A   year  ago  tho  market  value  of  the  above 
mines  was  about  $8,000,000. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.- S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 


April    4. 

Alpha Wlji 

Amuricao  Flag..  15 

Belcher t*70 

Buckeye 5'u 

Ohollar-Potosi . .  64 

Caledonia — 

Cons.  Virginia. ..  (B'ii 
Crown  Point....  — 

Daney I 

EuroKa  ConB 2* 

Kureka — 

Excelsior — 

Gould  A  Curry-. 3M1 
Golden  Chariot.,  IU 
Hale  &  Norcross  375 

Imperial 230 

Ida  lilniore — 

Kontuck 305 

Mammoth 80c 

Meadow  Valley..  26 

Mahogany 17 

Ophir: 80 

Oric.  Hid.  Trcaa.  HJt 

Overman 75 

Pioche 17 

Raymond  A.  Ely. 132 

Savage 355 

Sierra  Nevada...  31 

Succor  5*» 

Wash.ACreole..    6& 
Yellow  Jacket...  110 

St.  Patrick — 

Seg.  Belcher....  150 


is1* 


Loicctt.   April  11.   AAo,  Due. 


1.020 


100 
19 
515 


93* 

132 
105 


7'i 
158 
125 
1«4 


13  i 

850 


9S0 

26)1 

li.'i 
15U 


71 
15'u 
850 


m 


275 

400 

17  S 

18W 

SMI 

515 

200 

200 

13 

18'., 

72', 


31 

■V., 


2»tf 

18 

65 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


995 


Alpha  Cons. . 

Amador 

Belcher 

Ohollar-Potosi.. 
Crown  Point.. 

Daney — 

Eureka  Cons. . . .      267-ii 

Eureka 171s 

Golden  Chariot.       17,T; 
Gould  &  Curry.    320 
Hale  &  Norcross    505 


BID.  ASKED. 

..  70  71 


835 
131 
1000 

27 

18 

I7M 
400 
510 


IJID.  ASKED. 

Ida  Elmore 18         18'- 

Imperial 240 

Kentuck 340 

Meadow  Valley..    25 

Ophir 80 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas    — 

Overman — 

Savage ...  395 

Raymond  A  Ely.  108 
Sierra  Nevadu. . .  — 
Yellow  Jacket...  150 


245 
350 

25'  , 
81 


152,'i 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  st.] 
BAN  FEANCIBCO,  Thursday,  April  11, 1872. 

Sole  Leather. —The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
ami  prices  still  oontinue  llrm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  ft  lb 26®29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  itt  lb 26®29 

Country  Leather,  ft  ft. 25<§2S 

Stockton  Leather,  ft  lb 26fa2!i 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  llrm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot.B  Kil.,  perdoz  ...*t>U  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz 7(5  00(aj  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice.  11  to  15  Kil.$i  doz (10  00(<y  76  00 

Leinoine,  KitolS  Kil  .,  ft  doz  75  00M  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  00®  70  00 

f'orni'llian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00® 

Corncllian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz 60  00@  63  00 

OKorau  Calf.  ft  doz 54  00® 

Simon,  IK  Kil.&doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  f  doz 68  00 

Simon.  2-1  Kil.  0  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  ft  lb HO®    130 

California  Kip,  ft  doz 60  OOtofiO  00 

KiTnuliSlxTp,  all  colors,  ft  doz. 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  ft  0> 1  15@    1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ft  doz. ...    9  00(g)  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings.%  doz 5  50®  10  50 

California  Riissett,  Snoop  Li  nines. 1  75@    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ^pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,^  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ft  lb 30@    37,Jy 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,^  doz 48  00®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ft  lb 34®    37M 

Welt  Leather,  ft  doz 30  OOWi  50  00 

Buif  Leather,  ft  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ft  foot 18®       20 


Mining  Sales. — The  "Woodburn  mine, 
12  miles  north  of  Shellburn,  Sohell  Creek 
District,  Nev.,  was  recently  sold  to  a  party 
of  military  men  residing  in  "Washington, 
D.  O.,  for  $20,000. 

The  "Pride  of  the  Mountain"  mine, 
near  Winnemucea.  has  been  sold  to 
a  company  in  this  city.  The  ore  from  the 
mine  is  good,  but  difficult  to  treat. 

The  ElDoradoSouth  has  been  purchased 
by  H.  Kutherford  &  Co.  The  mine  is  at 
Belmont,  Nevada. 

The  California  and  Illinois  claim,  at  Ne- 
vada City,  a  continuation  of  the  old  gold 
tunnel  claim,  has  been  sold  to  J.  W.  Gash- 
wiler  and  others. 

The  sum  of  $30,000  has  been  paid  on  the 
purchase  of  the  Davenport  mine  in  Utah. 


230 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[Aprili3,  1872. 


Trouble  Among  the  Miners  in  Idaho. 

For  some  time  past  there  has  been  a 
growing  dissatisfaction  among  the  miners 
employed  in  the  Mahogany  Mine,  con- 
cerning the  foreman,  Mr.  John  Jewell, 
who,  it  is  alleged,  is  lavish  of  abuse  to 
the  miners  under  his  charge,  endeavoring 
to  cut  down  their  wages,  etc.  The  dis- 
affection gradually  spread  among  the 
hands  in  the  other  mines,  until  last  Wed- 
nesday morning  it  culminated  in  the  fol- 
lowing notice,  which,  was  found  posted  up 
in  the  various  boarding  houses  and  other 
public  places  on  the  mountain: 
Take  Notice. 

"War  Eagle  Mountain  miners  and  labor- 
ers: Be  it  well  understood  between  all 
parties  interested  in  earning  their  living 
in  these  mines,  we  are  oppressed  with 
slavery  and  bad  rules  since  Mr.  Jewell, 
foreman  of  the  Mahogany  mine,  has  enter- 
ed this  camp,  and  we  will  all  unite  our- 
selves together  for  the  sake  of  our  beloved 
country  and  camp  to  send  this  nuisance  by 
stage  to  Winnemucca,  and  never  to  return 
no  more  to  this  camp  under  penalty  of 
death — and  all  to  meet  armed  on  the 
divide  between  Fairview  and  Orevena,  on 
Wednesday  evening,  March  20th,  at  seven 
o'clock  p.  it.  To  all  nations,  kindred  and 
tongues." 

The  above  is  about  a  verbatim  copy  of 
the  notice.  A  meeting,  attended  by  some 
three  hundred  miners  was  accordingly 
held,  and  Mr.  Jewell  was  notified  to  leave 
the  Mahogany  Mine  by  seven  o'clock  the 
nest  moi'ning,  or  suffer  the  consequences. 
Sheriff  Stevens,  hearing  of  the  affair,  went 
up  to  the  scene  of  the  trouble.  Between 
nine  and  ten  o'clock  at  night  news  came  to 
town  that  the  mob  had  insulted  and  abused 
the  Sheriff,  and  threatened  to  hang  the  ob- 
noxious foreman,  burn  the  works,  etc 
Superintendent  Minear  being  in  San  Frau- 
oisco,  acting  Superintendent  George  H. 
Coe,  Esq.,  deeming  it  his  duty  to  protect 
Mr.  Jewell  and  look  after  the  interests  of 
his  oompany,  immediately  procured  teams 
and  sent  up  some  forty  men  armed  with 
shot  guns,  Henry  and  Spencer  rifles.  He 
also  sent  up  two  mountain  howitzers — 
one  a  twelve  and  the  other  a  six  pounder — 
with  solid  shot  and  grape  and  cannister. 
It  was  expected  that  a  battle  would  ensue 
the  next  morning  (Thursday) ,  between 
the  miners  and  General  Coe's  force  occu- 
pying Fort  Mahogany.  But,  whatever 
their  intentions  might  have  been,  the 
miners  from  the  Mahogany,  Minnesota, 
Golden  Chariot,  Ida  Elmore,  Oro  Fino 
and  other  mines  had  a  meeting,  about 
eight  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  instead 
of  making  any  hostile  demonstrations,  re- 
solved that  they  would  not  go  to  work  in 
any  of  the  mines  as  long  as  Jewell  remain- 
ed at  the  Mahogany.  Thus  matters  stood 
till  yesterday,  when  Mr.  Jewell  came  to 
town,  leaving  Rnss  Carter  in  temporary 
charge  of  the  mine.  General  Coe  has 
withdrawn  his  artillery  and  other  forces 
from  the  mine,  and  from  present  appear- 
ances work  will  be  going  on  as  usual  in  all 
of  them  to-morrow  or  next  day.  When 
all  the  miners  in  camp,  with  scarcely  a 
dissenting  voice,  express  a  universal  dis- 
like ,to  a  man,  there  must  be  something 
wrong,  and  we  should  not  care  to  stand  in 
Mr.  Jewell's  Bhoes,  if  he  persists  in  re- 
maining. 

On  Thursday  afternoon  a  Miners'  Union 
League  was  formed  at  Fairview,  and  at 
last  aocounts  yesterday  186  persons  had 
joined  the  organization.  To-day  the  num- 
ber will  probably  be  augmented  to  250. 
So  long  as  such  a  combination  of  men 
does  not  meddle  with  matters  which  do  not 
conoern  them,  and  with  which  they  have 
no  legitimate  right  to  interfere,  then  it  is 
proper  enough;  otherwise,  they  will  go 
contrary  to  their  own  interests,  as  well  as 
injure  the  camp. — Ouiyhee  Avalanche,  Mar. 
23d.  

The  Longest  Bridge  in  the  Woeld.— 
The  Tensas  and  Mobile  bridge,  or  bridges, 
on  the  Mobile  and  Montgomery  railroad, 
extends  from  Tensas  station  on  the  Mobile 
and  Montgomery  road,  to  the  city  of  Mo- 
bile, a  distance  of  fifteen  miles,  crossing 
both  Mobile  and  Tensas  rivers  and  includ- 
ing ten  draws,  one  for  each  of  the  naviga- 
ble channels  into  which  the  rivers  are 
divided.  The  bridge  itself  is  constructed 
of  wood,  but  its  piers  or  supports  are  iron 
oylinders,  which  rest  on  a  solid  surface  of 
wooden  piles  driven  down  evenly  with  the 
bottom  of  the  stream  and  the  mud  of  the 
intervening  morasses.  It  has  been  three 
years  in  course  of  construction,  at  a  cost 
of  about  $1,500,000,  and  now  that  it  has 
been  successfully  completed,  it  is  perhaps 
the  longest  structure  on  the  globe. 

The  Custom  House  at  Portland  has  cost 
8114,324.79. 


The  Manufactures  of  San  Francisco. 

We  condense  a  review  of  the  lastyear's  work 
of  the  numerous  manufacturing  establishments 
of  this  city,  from  the  Bulletin,  which  will  show 
more  conclusively  than  anything  else  could  the 
growth  of  San  Francisco  in  a  business  point  of 
view.  The  year  1871  has  been  a  favorable  one 
for  manufactures.  The  majority  of  industrial 
occuvjations  show  a  material  increase  in  the 
value  of  production,  the  capital  invested,  the 
numbers  of  employees,  and  the  number  of  fac- 
tories. In  some  few  cases,  however,  this  -is  not 
so,  and  to  the  iron  interests  in  particular  the 
first  9  months  of  1871  were  trying  indeed,  but 
these,  as  well  as  others  so  circumstanced,  have 
for  the  remainder  of  1871  taken  a  decided  step 
in  advance,  and  promise  to  hold  it,  if  not  im- 
prove on  it,  during  the  present  year. 
Increase  of  Business. 

Unusual  developments  have  taken  place 
in  several  branches  of  manufacture,  among 
which  the  cigar  interest  takes  the  lead,  having, 
during  1871,  doubled  both  in  production  and 
value.  Among  the  others  which  have  extended 
business  are  the  manufactures  of  bootB  and 
shoes,  leather,  furniture,  upholstery,  saddlery, 
jewelry  and  silverware,  champagne,  cigar  boxes, 
biscuit  and  ship  bread,  and  in  that  of  casks, 
barrels  and  kegs.  The  old  establishments  are 
continually  adding  tofhecapacity  of  theirworks, 
to  the  number  of  men  employed,  and  increas- 
ing their  capital.  This  city  will  soon  become  an 
important  manufacturing  center  of  carriage  and 
railroad  car  work,  and  will  supply  China, 
Japan  and  the  eastern  coast  of  South  America 
with  that  article.  The'  woolen  mills  are  con- 
stantly increasing  then-  capacity  and  turning 
out  superior  products.  The  rolling  mills  have 
been  busily  occupied  all  the  year,  and  we  may 
expect  this  fine  of  industry  to  become  one  of 
the  foremost.  Our  printers  and  lithographers 
are  now  doing  as  good  work  as  any  onthe  Con- 
tinent, and  as  a  consequence  very  litttle  of  this 
class  of  work  is  sent  East.  The  smelting  works 
and  refineries  have  had  a  most  prosperous'  ca- 
reer. 

New  Industries. 

Among  the  new  industries  started  within  the 
past  year  are  the  manufacture  of  gas  and  water 
pipe,  gas  fittings,  window  shades,  kid  gloves, 
Eureka  hair,  smoking  tobacco,  paints  and 
varnish,  block  pavement  and  fuse,  file-forging 
and  wire-making,  all  of  them  important. 

Among  the  industries  that  have  received  a 
new  impetus  are  the  manufactures  of  bed- 
springs,  toy  and  baby  carriages,  silk  thread, 
furs,  vinegar,  artifical  stone  and  carriage- 
springs. 

Exports. 

The  material  for  all  of  our  most  important 
manufactures  such  as  those  of  iron,  brass, 
cigars,  carriages,  furniture,  clothing,  uphols- 
tery, boats,  etc,  is  obtainable  from  abroad. 
This  is  of  course  the  reverse  of  favorable,  and 
were  it  not  that  we  were  so  distant  from  all 
competing  centers,  the  greater  part  of  our  man- 
ufacturing interests  would  have  no  existence. 
This  state  of  things,however,promises  to  be  only 
temporary.  Our  export  trade  is  rapidly  in- 
creasing and  include  exports  to  the  East,  Eu- 
rope, all  parts  of  the  Pacific  coast  from  Alaska 
to  Chile,  to  China,  Japan,  Australia,  and  all 
the  Islands  of  the  Pacific.  They  comprise  over 
50  distinct  kinds  of  manufactures.     The 

Labor 
Required  in  the  manufactures  of  this  city  forms 
no  less  than  an  eighth  of  the  population  or  21,- 
070  persons.  Of  this  number  8,049,  or  about 
40  per  cent,  is  Chinese.  About  10.671 ,  or  about 
one-half  are  white  men,  and  the  balance  consist 
of  white  women,  girls  and  boys.  The  average 
wages  per  year  of  each  individual  is  about  $593, 
or  $13,043,861  in  the  aggregate.  Deducting 
from  the  total  value  of  the  city  manufacturers 
the  products  of  refined  gold  and  smelted  lead, 
we  had  $50,676,465,  of  which  the  correspond- 
ing value  of  labor  forms  about  26  per  cent.  The 
corresponding  value  of  material  making  the 
same  deduction  is  $25,197,153,  forms  50  per 
cent.  The  balance,  25  per  cent.,  would  with 
rent,  etc.,  deducted,  leave  a  large  profit  and 
would  were  it  distributed  amongst  the  workers, 
add  two-thirds  to  their  wages. 

The  rates  of  wages  for  mechanics  varies  from 
$2.50  to  $5  and  even  $6  per  day;  the  average 
is  $3.  That  for  laborers  or  helpers  varies  from 
$1  to  $2.50  per  day,  but  averages  $2.  That  for 
women  and  girls  varies  from  $3  to  $20  per 
week,  but  averages  $8.  That  for  boys  varies 
from  $3  to  $12  per  week,  but  averages  f " 
Chinese  labor  is  paid  at  the  same  rates  as  is 
that  of  boys. 

Production. 


Deducting  the  value  of  the  gold  refined  which 
we  did  not  add  last  year  to  the  total  of  manu- 
facture, and  also  deducting  the  product  of  the 
rolling  mill,  sugar  refineries,  and  some  other 
industries  which  we  were  not  able  to  obtain, 
the  manufactures  of  1871  will  be  $47,600,000,  as 
compared  with  $41,000,000  in  1870.  This 
shows  an  increase  of  16  per  cent,  during  the 
year.  The  increase  in  capital  has  been  40  per 
cent.,  and  in  material  16  per  cent.  The  increase 
of  production  in  the  cigar  manufacture  has  been 
100  per  cent.,  in  works  in  lumber,  66%  per 
cent.,  in  leather  and  manuf actures,  20 per  cent., 
and  in  textile  fabrics  7  per  cent.     The   follow- 


ing tables  give  a  full  exhibit  of  everything  of 
interest  in  connection  with  our  manufacturing 
interests  in  1871 : 

Establishments,  Production  and  Capital. 

Manufactures  in  Iron  and  Steel. 
Manufacture.    Factories.  Val.  Material.  Total  Prod.    Oap'l. 


Machine  Shops. ..  .18 

Iron  Doors,  etc....  8 

$1,689,592 

$3,013,000 

$1,484,000 

Miscl.  Fo'dry,  etc.  4  1 

Rolling  Mill 1 

135,000 

300,000 

900,000 

60,000 

90,000 

40.000 

Saw 1 

11,000 

60.000 

80.000 

36.000 

55,200 

11,700 

6,416 
25,000 

48,000 
38.000 

14,200 

Screw  Bolt 1 

20,000 

9,610 

37,000 

9,850 

Water  Oloset  (pat.) 

7,400 

27,000 

10,000 

12,110 

26,680 

7,200 

Artesian  .Well  Pipe  1 

16,700 

22,000 

7,600 

11,000 

22,000 

14,000 

Electrical  Instmts  8 

8,000 

20,000 

100,000 

5,000 

15,000 

12,000 

Pile  Cutting 2 

1,000 

13,000 

12,000 

Carriage  Spring  . .  1 

10,000 

22,000 

20,000 

10,375 
8,250 

Mathematical  Inst  4 

2,383 

6,500 

Bail  (ornamental)  1 

1,000 

2,000 

3,000 

$1,051,261  $3,889,606 

$2,776,950 

Lead  Smelting  and  Manufactures  op 

Lead. 

Manuf.     Factories. 

Val.  Matl. 

Total  Prod. 

Capital. 

Smelting  Works..  2 

$720,000 

$1 ,900,000 

$1,000,000 

Shot  Works 1 

251,160 

130,000 

200,000 

Type 3 

25,760 
$1,425,760 

65,000 

140,000 

6 

$2,195,000 

$1,340,000 

Gold  and  Silver  Refinery. 

Manuf.     Factories. 

Val.  Matl. 

Total  Prod. 

Capital. 

Kettnery 1    $19,658,045 

$19,658,045 

$362,000 

Manufactures  of  Gold 

and  Silver. 

Manuf.      Factories. 

Val.  Matl. 

Total  Prod. 

Capital. 

$348,900 

$571,400 

$311,000 

72,000 

243,000 

70.000 

Silver  Plating 6 

10,800 

36,000 

11,909 

2,000 

8,250 

1,000 

4,000 

7.308 

4,000 

Gold  Pen 2 

1,000 

4,000 

760 

SO        $438,700         $870,258        $398,050 
Wobks  IN  Beass  and  Mixed  Metals. 
Manuf.      Faotories.  Val.  Mat'l.      Total  Prod.       Capital. 

BeU^SnSfngf:}6       W5'C0°         $324'°°°         $"'°00 
Gas  Fittings 1  3,000  9,000  10,000 


$48,600 


$333,000      $101,000 


Tinware  Manufactures. 

Manuf.     Factories.  Val.  Mat'l.      Total  Prod.  Capital. 

Tinware 70       $120,000           $450,000  $100,000 

Lamp 1                600                2,000  600 

$452,000  $100,500 


71        $120,500 


Works  in  Lumber. 


Manuf.      Factories. 

Furniture 16 

Carriage,car,etc.50 
Doors,  sashes.etc  9 
Packing,  etc,,  bx  3 
Picture  frame. .  .18 
Cooperage  work. 24 

Match 4 

Trunk 6 

Bil'rd  &  Bag.  t'M  3 
Wooden- ware —  2 

Cigar  bos  2 

Barrel  and  keg..  1 

Stair  making 6 

Brush 2 

Stow  pavement.  1 
Turned  &  c'd  w'k  4 
Windm'l  &  p'mp  3 

Paper  Box 2 

Ship  block 3 

Last 2 

Bellows 2 

Wind  roller,  etc.  3 

Boat 9 

Piano 2 

Jewelry  box 2 

Cane,bl.ball,etc.  2 

Show-case 4 

Babyfc  toy  c'ge.  1 


Val.  Mat'l. 

$346,260 

377,500 

306,120 

115,180 

60,000 

50,350 

14,398 

5-,  431 

28,0"0 

67,760 

36  000 

60,000 

12,300 

26,300 

7,200 

10,000 

8,000 

16,000 

10,000 

12  500 

8,9 1 7 

1,500 

5,651 

3,000 

2,606 

1,600 

1,800 

200 


Total  Prod. 

$1,625,000 

1,074,056 

1,049,400 

276,000 

208,000 

202,300 

166,600 

154,600 

144,000 

136,000 

105.000 

100,000 

63,700 

50,000 

65,958 

50,000 

30,334 

30,000 

30,000 

25,0110 

16,900 

16,600 

14,605 

8,000 

8,000 

7,500 

6,000 

1,000 


Oapital. 

$900,000 

644,305 

421,300 

160,000 

160,000 

50,350 

50,000 

83,000 

133,000 

110,000 

80,000 

75,000 

10  000 

30,000 

600,000 

18,750 

8,000 

85,000 

20,000 

13,000 

7,000 

12,000 

2.400 

12,000 

4,000 

2,300 

1,700 

2,500 


186    $1,685,813      $5,679,017      $3,395,605 
Leather  and  Its  Manufactures. 
Factories.    Val.  Matl.     Total  Prod. 


Manuf. 
Boots  and  Shoes. 26 

Slippers 15 

Saddle  &  Harness39 

Leather 26 

Collar 5 

Hose  and  Belting.  2 


$1,200,000      $3,300,000 


350,000 
300,000 
25,000 
22,000 


911,800 
713,640 
70,000 
36,000 


Capital. 
$900,000 

750,000 
400,000 
25,000 
23,000 


Manuf. 
Woolen    Goods..  2 

Fringes 2 

Silk  Thread 1 

Home  Carpet 1 


113  $1  897,700       $5,031,440    $2,098,000 
Textile  Fabrics. 
Factories.    Val^Matl.     Total  Prod.      Capital. 


$906,760 
11,777 
13,000 
2,000 


$1,487,166  $1,550,000 

28.500  8,500 

27,000  60,000 

5,000  1,500 


Manuf. 

Clothing 70 

White  goods 50 

Hats 14 

Furs 7 

Shirt= 16 

Umbrella  &  par.  2 
Paper  col.  &  cuff.  1 
Buckskin  glove.  2 

Cap 3 

Straw  goods  &  1  s  3 

Oil  clothing 2 

Kid  glove 1 

Neck  tie 2 

Hoop  skirt 3 


6  $933,537     $1,547,665   $1,610,000 

Articles  of  Clothing. 
Factories.    Val.  Mat'l.    Total  Prod. 


$1,100,000 

600,000 

130,000 

100,000 

97,660 

60,000 

60,000 

25,000 

32,500 

14,665 

6,000 

4,000 

600 

2  000 


$3,284,000 

1,000,000 

232  900 

205,600 

210,300 

125,000 

80,000 

76,000 

69,000 

58,600 

16,000 

12,000 

10,000 

6,000 


Capital. 

$700,000 

300,000 

79,200 

125,600 

48,200 

20,000 

10,000 

25,000 

12,000 

15,000 

2,000 

5,000 

3,000 

2,300 


177 

Malt  and  S 

Mauuf.      Factories. 

Beer,  ale,  porter.33 

Syrups,  cor.,  bit.  8 

Malt 4 

DistilerieB 4 

Spirit  refining. . .  3 
Ginger  beer 2 

$2,132,692 

pmrruous  ' 

Val.  Mat'l. 

$604,763 

216,600 

180,000 

100.000 

300  000 

64,875 

18,000 

29,600 

$1,513,838 

OF  DOMESTI 

Val.  Mat'l. 

$'2,920,000 

1,783,380 

800,000 

$4,383,200      $1,347,200 

jIquors,  Etc. 

Total  Prod.       Capital. 

$1,305,329         $434,000 

8n2,700          192,600 

268,854            25,000 

181,200           150  000 

461,728           145.000 

128,750            80,000 

90.500             10,000 

62,300          115,000 

62 
Articles 
Manuf.       Faotories 
Sugar  re'ng  &  pro.  % 

$2,865,851 

3  Economy. 

Total  Prod. 

$4,650,000 

2,180,750 

1,075,000 

$1,151,600 

Capital. 

$1,100,000 

650,000 

1,100,000 

Pres.  fruit  &  meat  6 

Pork  &  beef  p'kng.22  756,542  1,067,768  267,600 

Coffee  aDd  spice..  8  645,750  825,660  262,000 

Candy  28  335,910  668,179  105,160 

Biscuit,  ship  br'd.  7  216,000  400,000  75.000 

Salt 4  215,000  370,000  185,000 

TeastPowder.etc.  3  73,000  189,000  66,000 

Mustard 1  25,000  150,000  50,000 

Vinegar 3  35,000  100,000  40.000 

Maccaroni  &  ver.  3  50,500  87,600  47,000 

Chocolate '....1  30,000  60,000  20,000 

Salmon 2  4,140  8,125  700 

Herrings 1  500  10,000  1,500 

96    $7,790,672     $12,231,472    $3,859,960 
Printing  and  Newspaper  Publishing. 
Manuf.  Establishing.  Val.  Mat'l.    Total  Prod.       Capital. 
Newspaper  pub. .32  $304,040        $967,000       $282,000 

Printing 36  270,120  765,000  337,000 

Lithographing..  6  20,966  89,000  68,000 

73  $595,126  $1,821,000  $687,000 
Manufacture  of  Andmal  Products. 

Manuf.      Factories.  Val.  Mat'l.  Total  Prod.  Capital. 

Soap,  wash  Pow.. IS  $604,560  $717, -*S9  $205,000 

Candle 2  133,000  199,610  80,000 

Glue 1  37,000  90,000  70,000 

Axle  grease  and 

lubricating  oil.  5  18,300  41,600  14,500 

Animal  charcoal.  1  6,000  23,000  20,000 

27  $798,860  $1,071,509  $389,700 
Miscellaneous  Manufactures. 

Manuf.      Factories.  Val.  Mat'l.  Total  Prod.  Capital. 

Cigar 104  $2,200,000  $5,260,000  $2,000,000 

Mills  (oat-meal).  6  607,840  648,000  173,000 

Oil  and  lead 1  160,000  212,000  600,000 

Upholstery.etc.  .26  254,780  636,980  368,800 

Chemical 4  196,000  411,400  226,000 

Bag 6  270,000  828,667  108,001 

Dynamite  &  Her- 
cules powder.  2  179,000  860,000  800,000 

Marble 18  77,393  249,700  120,300 

Drug'sprep'tion.17  73,725  184,770  55,800 

Ink.mucilage.etc  5  112,000  167,000  41,000 

Blank  books 10  38,900  163,400  97,900 

Glasa 2  31,000  140,000  76,000 

Eureka  hair 1  90,000  125,000  50,000 

Stone  (artificial)  1  80,000  120,000  600,000 

Broom 6  40,000  113,800  104,525 

Sail 11  69,902  113,000  16,000 

Photography....  25  51,363  231,125  145,828 

Cement  pipe 2  46,000  103,680  15,000 

Tobacco  smok'g.  4  17,800  52,100  12,500 

Paint  &  varnish.  4  20,688  33,483  151,000 

Oilreflning 2  13,000  33,000  60,000 

Wood  preserv'g.  I  20,000  45,000  65,000 

Plaster  Ormnts.  2  5  000  32,000  12,600 

Borax  refining...  1  20,000  30,000  20,000 

Fireworks 2  C.500  25,000  17,0'  0 

Mirror  Bilvering  1  15,000  25,000  60,000 
Glass  cutting  & 

stainir.g 2  3,500  21,000  6,000 

Brick 3  8.000  20,800  8  000 

Bed  comforter..  1  10,800  15,000  1,000 

Cement  (giant) .  1  8,000  8,000  3,000 

Block  pavemn't.  1  5,000  10,800  40,000 

Fuse 1  6,500  10,000  2,000 

Truss 3  3,000  7,200  6,900 

Willow-ware 3  2,200  7,084  6,500 

Artificial  flowers  1  2,000  6,000  1,000 

Regalia 2  1,600  6,000  3,600 

Flag 2  1,300  4,000  600 

Rubber  type 1  500  1,000  200 

174        $4,624,780-  $9,815,829     $6,060,983 

Wine  for  London. 

We  note  this  week  a  shipment  of  assorted 
wines  to  London.  The  gentleman  who  makes 
the  shipment  has  been  a  long  time  trying  to 
persuade  English  people  that  California  wines 
are  fit  to  drink.  The  reply  has  been,  we  have 
tasted  them,  and  we  pronounce  decidedly 
against  them.  This  is  the  result  of  imperfectly 
cured  wines  bought  at  low  prices;  and  often 
mixed — the  mixture  being  sold  as  California 
wine. 

At  last,  people  inEurope  are  being  convinced, 
by  samples  of  properly  made  wines  forwarded 
to  them,  that  California  wines  are  worthy  of  at- 
tention. Consignors  are  daily  expecting  to  re- 
ceive favorable  judgment,  from  a  consignment 
made  to  Hamburg;  and,  last  week,  our  cor- 
respondent's samples  brought  orders  from  Lon- 
don for  more  California  wines,  of  the  same 
sort — 7  varieties. 

It  is  certain  that  our  sunny  climate  produces 
wines  of  rich  fruity  bouquet,  far  surpassing  the 
wines  of  France  and  Germany;  and  it  is  also 
true  that  the  uniformity  of  quality,  and  the 
greater  yield  of  our  vines,  year  after  year  alike, 
and  no  such  thing  as  failure,  enables  us  to  pro- 
duce wine  cheaper  than  in  Europe.  It  is 
equally  proved  that  our  wines  when  stored 
above  ground,  instead  of  musty  vaults,  attain 
better  ripening  in  two  years  than  European 
wines  do  in  five  years;  besides  the  great  sea- 
soning of  the  sea  voyage  hence  to  Europe. 
France  wants  land  for  the  staff  of  life;  and  we 
predict  that  ere  20  years  have  passed,  it  will  be 
a  national  question,  if  it  would  not  be  policy 
to  turn  uncertain  vineyards  into  wheat  and  to 
buy  better  and  cheaper  wines  from  Calif ornia. 

Tkade. — According  to  the  most  carefully 
prepared  statistics  the  total  value  of  the 
trade  between  the  United  States  and  Eu- 
rope, for  1870,  was  $400,000,000,  exclusive 
of  bullion  or  specie,  the  imports  of  which 
from  this  country  into  England  exceed 
$50,000,000  more.  During  1871  England 
took  from  us  products  valued  at  $250,000,- 
000,  and  exported  in  manufactures  to  the 
United  States  to  the  value  of  $156,000,000. 
The  latter  figures  represent  the  products 
of  Great  Britain,  Ireland  and  her  numer- 
ous colonial  possessions,  the  last  men- 
tioned, however,  being  less  than  $15,000,- 
000  of  the  aggregate  of  merchandise 
shipped  by  us  to  Great  Britain. 


April  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


231 


IJSEfJL     ![JpOI\f«\J10N. 


Tub  Latest  Novklty. — Two  weeks  ago  we 
called  uttunlion  to  a  new  use  for  eltetricity,  in 
causing  it  to  serve  the  purpose  of  an  errand 
hoy,  etc.  We  have  since  observed  still  another 
novel  application  of  this  almost  univer> 
in  furnishing  music  far  the  various  households 
of  a  town  or  city,  from  some  central  locality. 
The  ii<"  I  is  described  as  follows: 

visit  ill-  parlor.  Our  attention  is  first 
attracted  by  what  appears  t.»  be  a  piano  set  in 
the  wall.  On  opening  it  do  key- boat d  is  visi- 
ble; what  is  it  ?  We  smile  and  point  to  a 
printed  programme  of  the  'Chicago  Electro- 
Husical  society,1  hanging  on  the  wall,  and  then 

;  to  the  explanation  that  at  a 
point  pianos  are  played  by  celebrated  perform- 
ers, and  how  the  aeye  >>f  tin-He  instruments  are 

d  with  the  works  of  our  piano  in  the 
wall  bj  A  look  at  the  programme 

thaws  us  thai  at  'J,  v.  if.  Bignor  So-and-so  plays 
;  fintasia,  i»r '  Borne,  Sweet  Home,'  with 
bis  left  hand,  or  performs  some  other  musical 
feat.  We  glance  at  the  dock,  wait  until  the 
hands  point  to  9  o'clock,  touch  a  knob,  and  in 
an  instant  away  goes  our  piano,  pouring  out  its 
tioodofmeiu.lv  responsive  to  the  touch  of  the 
Bignar's  nimble  angers;  Are  we  tired  of  instru- 
mental music,  and  do  we  prefer  vocal  ?  We 
break  the  connection  and  the  Bignoz  is  silent. 
The  telephone  puts  us  in  communication  with 
the  central  office,  so  that  we  can  hear  every 
sound.  Mile  Nilssou  will  perhaps  favor  us? 
Of  course  sin  will;  no  coughs  or  colds  here; 
touch  the  knob,  and  strains  of  ravishing  har- 
mony entrance  our  senses. " 

Ki ..ki  lilt.  tit.  — We  know  to-day  but  little 
more  of  what  electricity  really  is  than  did  the 
ancient  Itomaus,  Grecians,  or  Egyptians.  It 
is  an  agency  or  force  which  has  never  been 
m<  asured,  or  weighed,  and  in  itself  is  as 
illusory,  intangible,  incomprehensible,  as  the 
"  stuff  that  dreams  are  made  of."  All  we  know 
of  it  relates  to  its  effects,  and  it  is  not  probable 
that  human  knowledge  will  ever  reach  beyond 
this  boundary. 

It  is  a  force  that  we  have  been  able  to  put  in 
harness,  and  by  complying  with  the  conditions 
under  which  it  acts,  we  can  compel  it  to  serve 
important  ends  in  benefitting  the  race.  It  is 
probable  that  at  present  we  understand  most  of 
the  laws  or  conditions  which  govern  it,  and  that 
we  have  utilized  the  agency  so  far  as  it  is  capa- 
ble of  being  utilized.  Its  relations  to  matter, 
and  to  the  phenomena  of  life,  are  also  quite 
well  understood.  This  being  conceded,  it  is  evi- 
dent that  as  yet  we  are  uterly  unacquainted 
with  a  sufficient  number  of  forces  to  do  the 
work  of  the  universe.  Every  day  the  student 
and  experimenter  is  brought  face  to  face  with 
phenomena  which  he  is  wholly  incompetent  to 
explain,  and  although  electricity  is  a  conven- 
ient agency  to  which  to  refer  everything  inex- 
plicable, yet  it  is  a  very  unsatifactory  pack- 
horse  upon  which  to  crowd  our  difficulties. 

There  are  many  things  yet  to  be  learned,  and 
proud  as  we  are  and  have  reason  to  be  of  our 
philosophy,  as  the  ages  roll  on,  what  we  know 
to-day  will  stand  comparatively  as  the  science 
and  knowledge  of  the  ancient  Koinans  stand  to 
the  great  light  of  the  present  age. 

Household  Electricity. — During  the  ex- 
traordinary clear  cold  weather  which  prevailed 
in  February  and  March  the  electrical  phenom- 
ena observed  in  some  houses  excited  much  in- 
terest In  our  own  dwelling,  for  many  days, 
no  member  in  the  family  could  walk  across  a 
room  and  come  in  contact  with  a  metallic  sub- 
stance without  receiving  an  electrical  shock, 
accompanied  with  a  spark  and  report.  The 
door  knobs,  stop-cocks  connected  with  steam 
radiators,  gas-cocks,  registers,  etc.,  were  so 
electrically  spiteful  that  they  were  handled  with 
caution.  Our  children  amused  themselves  in 
the  evening  by  lighting  the  gas  with  their  fing- 
ers, and  altogether  the  electrical  condition  of 
the  atmosphere  was  quite  unusual.  In  order 
that  this  exhibition  of  household  electricity  may 
be  witnessed  in  perfection,  it  is  necessary  that 
the  weather  be  clear  and  cold,  and  that  the 
rooms  be  carpeted  with  heavy  carpets,  and 
these  should  be  insulated  by  paper  mattings  be- 
neath. Under  these  favorable  conditions,  a 
person  shuffling  or  even  walking  across  ja  room 
becomes  so  charged  with  electricity  that  he  can 
ignite  a  gas-jet  readily,  by  applying  to  it  the  tip 
of  his  finger.    Boston  Journal  of  Chemistry. 


Simple  Disinfectants. — As  a  simple  method 
of  employing  carbolic  acid,  C.  Homburgh,  of 
Berlin,  proposes  to  saturate  sheets  of  coarse 
millboard  with  the  disinfectant  in  question. 
The  sheets  may  be  hung  up  in  the  rooms  re- 
quiring purification,  or  a  small  piece  may  be 
torn  off  when  a  small  quantity  only  of  carbolic 
acid  is  wanted.  Sheets  of  millboard,  having 
an  area  of  about  seven  square  feet,  and  contain- 
ing about  one  fifth  of  a  pound  of  carbolic 
acid,  are  sold  in  Berlin  for  a  shilling  apiece. 
Dr.  Hagar  gives  the  composition  of  a  disinfect- 
ing paste  for  use  as  a  washing  powder.  It  con- 
sists of  100  parts  of  white  clay,  1,000  parts  of 
distilled  water,  and  thirty-five  parts  of  ordinary 
nitric  acid.  The  mass  thus  obtained  is  allowed 
to  stand  for  a  few  days,  being  stirred  frequently. 
The  supernatant  fluid  is  then  to  be  poured  off, 
and  the  clayey  mass  thoroughly  washed  with 
distilled  water.  Five  parts  of  permanganate  of 
potash  are  now  to  be  added,  and  the  composi- 
tion, when  dried,  is  made  up  into  tablets  and 
wrapped  in  paper  saturated  with  paraffin. 


London,  with  a  population  of  over  four  mill- 
ion, has  only  nine  daily  newspapers. 


Catching  a  Cannon  Ball. — Kerr  Holtum. 
the  Prussian  Hercules  is  astonishing  the  En- 
glish by  the  truly  novel  feat  of  catching  a  ball 
tired  from  a  cannon.  The  trick,  though  a  clever 
one  is  said  to  be  neither  difficult  uordangerous. 
It  is  affeeted  in  this  wise:  About  two  ounces  of 
powder  are  placed  in  the  gun,  then  the  ball  is 
rammed  home,  after  which  the  balance  of  the 
powder  is  put  in.  When  the  gun  is  fired,  all 
the  powder  is  ignited,  aud  the  flash,  smoke, 
and  report  are  orthodox,  but  the  ball  receives 
propulsion  only  from  the  small  quantity  of  pow- 
der behind  it,  and  is  thrown  but  a  few  feet,  and 
quickly  pieked  up  and  exhibited  to  the  admir- 
ing crowd. 

Ami  i-m  am.  UODSBM  PAVUXNTB.— Much 
has  been  said  about  the  durability  of  the  an- 
cient Roman  pavements,  some  of  which  have 
stood,  with  comparative  little  injury,  for  some 
2,000  years.  The  great  reason  for  this  durability 
arises  from  the  fact  that  the  Romans  had  no 
occasion  fbr  disturbing  their  pavements  for  the 
laying  of  gfc  rod  water  pipes,  or  for  sewerage 
connections,  as  the  inhabitants  of  modern  cities 
have  continually  to  do. 


Minkual  Caodtchocc. — A  Parisian  journal 
reports  the  finding,  in  Australia,  of  a  mineral 
BUDstance  resembling  caoutchouc  in  most  of  its 
characteristics.  It  contains  82  per  cent,  of  an 
oily  hydrocarbon.  We  shall  be  interested  in 
any  further  particulars  of  this  discovery,  as 
they  may  lead,  on  future  investigation,  to  the 
production,  by  synthesis,  of  one  more  organic 
substance. 

Shaving  With  a  File. — Some  practical  joker 
suggested  through  the  Scientific  American  that 
rubbing  the  beard  off  with  a  pumice  stone 
(a  file  would  answer  the  same  purpose)  was  a 
much  better  way  than  taking  it  off  with  a  razor. 
Some  fellow  had  the  nerve  to  try  it,  and  the  re- 
sult was  that  he  got  his  beard  off  and  skin  too. 


Mechanical  Hints. 

Fine  Gbeen  Bronze. — First  boil  the  work  in 
a  strong  solution  of  potash  to  get  oft"  all  the  old 
lacquer  and  grease;  next  wash  in  clear  water; 
after  that  let  the  work  stand  a  day  or  two  in  a 
weak  solution  of  nitric  acid,  then  take  out, 
wash,  and  dry;  then  coat  the  article  with  some 
good  black  lead.  Polish  until  you  have  a  good 
black,  glossy  surface;  then  put  on  yellow 
lacquer,  which,  upon  a  black  surface,  gives  a 
green  bronze. 

Excellent  Varnish  for  Harness. — Pulverize 
and  put  in  a  jug  or  bottle  half  a  pound  to  a 
pound  of  gurn-shellac,  cover  with  good  alcohol 
and  cork  tightly.  Put  the  mixture  in  a  warm 
place.  In  about  two  days,  if  shaken  frequently 
the  gum  will  be  dissolved  and  ready  for  use. 
If  the  liquid  appears  as  thick  as  thin  molasses 
add  more  alcohol.  To  one  quart  of  the  varnish 
add  one  ounce  of  good  lamp-black  and  an 
ounce  of  gum  camphor.  An  occasional  coat 
of  this  is  also  good  for  rendering  boots  water- 
proof. 

Tlie  Industrial  Monthly  is  the  new  title  of  the 
publication  formerly  known  as  the  Technologist. 
It  is  a  practical  work,  full  of  valuable  informa- 
tion for  the  practicai  worlringnian — mechanic, 
manufacturer,  builder  or  engineer— and  sold  at 
a  price  which  the  class  for  whom  it  is  intended 
can  afford  to  give.  From  it  we  take  the  follow- 
ing Mechanical  Hints. 

Dripping  of  Metallic  and  Slate  Roofs. — 
Very  often  roofs  which  are  perfectly  tight,  es- 
pecially metallic  and  slate  ones,  are  found  to 
drip  at  certain  times,  generally  when  cold 
weather  succeeds  a  few  moist  days.  The  ex- 
planation is  obvious.  During  the  damp  weath- 
er the  air  in  the  building  becomes  saturated 
with  moisture  which,  when  the  roof  is  chilled 
and  the  air  in  contact  therewith  reduced  to  a 
sufficiently  low  temperature,  condenses  on  the 
roof  and  falls  in  drops  on  the  floor.  The  rem- 
edy is  to  place  a  sheet  of  some  non-conducting 
substance  under  the  roof.  Common  heavy 
brown  paper,  or  even  newspapers,  will  answer 
and  cost  but  a  trifle.  It  should  not  be  placed 
in  contact  with  the  roof,  for  it  is  the  air  en- 
closed between  it  and  the  roof  which  forms  the 
protection.  The  paper  itself  is  good  for  noth- 
ing; but  when  made  to  enclose  an  air-space, 
however  small,  it  effects  wonders. 


Waterproof  Glue. — We  have  recently  met 
with  a  very  useful  form  of  cement  for  wooden 
or  other  similar  articles  which  are  employed  for 
holding  water  or  non-alcoholic  liquids.  Al- 
though the  formula  is  not  a  very  novel  one,  we 
know  it  to  be  useful  and  likely  to  suit  the  re- 
quirements of  some  of  our  readers.  It  stands 
as  tollows : — 

Alcohol,  (spirit  of  wine)  1  pint;  sandarac,  1 
ounce;  mastic,  1  ounce;  common  white  turpen- 
tine, 1  ounce;  glue  and  isinglass,  sufficient;  wa- 
ter, sufficient.  Dissolve  the  two  resins — sanda- 
rac and  mastic — in  the  spirit,  and  then  add  the 
turpentine  to  the  solution.  Make  some  very 
strong  glue,  and  add  to  it  a  good  pinch  of  isin- 
glass. Now  heat  the  alcoholic  varnish  until 
the  liquid  begins  to  boil,  and  then  very  slowly 
stir  in  the  warm  glue.  The  amount  of  the 
liquid  glue  to  be  added  is  determined  by  noting 
the  point  at  which  after  thorough  mixture,  a 
magma  or  thin  paste  is  formed  capable  of  be- 
ing easily  strained  through  cloth.  When  re- 
quired for  use,  the  strained  mixture  is  to  be 
warmed  and  applied  like  ordinary  glue  to  the 
articles  to  be  united.  A  strong  junction  is  ef- 
fected, which  is  not  destroyed  by  cold  water, 
and  only  after  a  comparatively  considerable 
time  by  hot  water  or  ordinary  saline  solutions. 
British  Journal  of  Photography, 


Qooo  He^ltH- 


The  Color  of  Death. 

Green,  though  so  beautiful  and  healthful  to  the 
eye,  has  been  most  appropriately  called  "  tin- 
color  of  death,"  for  the  reason  that  it  invariably 
contains  arsenic  as  one  of  its  principle  ingredi- 
ents. Whenever  wo  find  this  pleasing  and  pop- 
ular eolor,  it  almost  invariably  contains  this 
poisonous  ingredient  to  a  dangerous  extent.  It 
enters  largely  into  nearly  all  the  green  upon 
our  wall  papers,  lamp  shades,  paper  boxes, 
toys,  artificial  flowers,  confectionery,  wearing 
apparel,  etc.  The  popular  color  known  as 
Scheele's  green  contains  55  per  cent,  (more 
than  half)  is  composed  of  arsenite  of  copper — a 
most  deadly  poison,  Scoweinfust  green  con- 
tains even  a  larger  proportion  of  arsenic  (58 
per  cent)  in  the  form  of  aceto  arsenite  of  cop- 
per. Both  of  the  colors  are  more  commonly 
known  under  the  name  of  mineral  or  emerald 
green,  and  form  the  prettiest,  most  durable  and 
cheapest  shade  of  green  which  is  made. 

It  recently  came  out,  in  the  course  of  an  in- 
vestigation of  the  subject  in  Paris,  that  one 
manufacturer  of  wall  paper  in  that  city  used  up 
two  tons  of  arsenic  weekly!  Paper  hangings, 
perhaps,  furnish  the  most  prolific  source  of  such 
danger.  Chemical  tests  and  post  mortem  ex- 
aminations have  fully  proven,  in  great  numbers 
of  instances,  that  death  from  arsenic  has  been 
caused  under  conditions  when  the  poison  could 
not  have  been  derived  from  any  other  source 

The  manner  in  which  the  poison  is  commu- 
nicated has  also  been  made  a  subject  of  careful 
investigation.  It  has  been  found  that  a  dust 
gathered  up  from  rooms  covered  with  green 
paper  contains  arsenic  in  quite  noticeable  quan- 
tities. In  dry  weather,  especially,  every  jar  of 
the  wall,  by  the  shutting  of  a  door  or  other- 
wise, liberates  from  the  paper  a  small  portion 
of  impalpably  fine  dust  containing  the  poison. 
Every  time  the  room,  especially  the  wall,  is 
dusted,  large  quantities  are  brushed  off.  This 
dust  is  inhaled  while  floating  in  the  room,  and 
hence  the  trouble. 

Closet  shelves  are  often  painted  green,  the 
arsenic  from  which  is  readily  absorbed  when 
any  warm  or  moist  food,  like  bread,  etc.,  is 
placed  upon  them.  When  we  reflect  upon  thf 
large  amount  of  paint  required  to  give  a  heavy, 
permanent  color,  and  recollect  the  further  fact 
that  over  half  of  that  paint  before  being  mixed 
with  the  oil  is  a  deadly  poison,  there  need  be 
no  wonder  with  regard  to  the  danger  to  be 
appi"ehended  from  it.  For  even  the  common 
blocks  of  water  colors,  which  come  in  little  toy- 
boxes  for  children,  the  green  color  usually  con- 
sists of  about  one-third  its  weight  of  arseniate 
of  copper. 

Dr.  Draper  of  Boston,  recently  found  that  a 
sample  of  common  tarlatone,  procured  from  a 
shop  in  that  city  contained  no  less  than  8% 
grains  of  this  poison  mineral  to  each  square 
foot  of  the  cloth.  When  we  bear  in  mind  the 
feeble  manner  in  which  mineral  colors  are  held 
in  cloth,  some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the 
danger  of  handling  or  wearing  such  goods. 

How  to  Test  the  Character  of  Green  Paint. 

It  is  within  the  power  of  every  person 
to  readily  determine  the  character  of  green 
paint  or  color.  Take  a  fragment  of  the  paper  or 
cloth  and  place  it  in  a  solution  of  ammonia. 
If  arsenic  is  present  the  liquid  will  assume  a 
bluish  color.  If  a  farther  test  is  required  take 
a  little  of  the  ammonia  in  which  the  paper  or 
cloth  has  been  allowed  to  remain  for  some  hours 
and  drop  it  upon  some  crystals  of  nitrate  of  sil- 
ver. If  arsenic  is  present,  it  will  show  itself 
by  a  yellow  deposit  on  the  crystals. 

It  is  the  cupidity,  alone,  of  manufacturers, 
which  induces  them  to  use  arsenic  preparations 
in  the  production  of  their  greens.  A  very  good 
and  durable  green  can  be  manufactured  without 
the  use  of  arsenic ;  but  at  the  expense  of  rather 
more  cost  and  skill,  and  perhaps  some  diminu- 
tion in  brilliancy.  If  the  public  would  refuse 
to  buy  poisonous  colors,  they  would  soon  be 
replaced  by  those  from  which  no  danger  need 
be  apprehended. 

Buzzing  in  the  Ears  may  be  caused  by  organic 
disease  of  the  auditory  nerve  or  of  the  tympanum 
— by  some  functional  disease  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem, by  congestion  of  the  brain  from  any 
source,  and  especially  by  sexual  debility  or 
over  excitement.  Attention  to  general  health 
should  be  practiced.  Keep  the  circulation  gen- 
eral and  to  the  surface  by  proper  bathing,  rub- 
bing, and  exercise  and  ample  clothing  of  the 
extremities.  If  it  is  persistent  and  trouble- 
some notwithstanding  the  above  precautions, 
consult  a  physician. 

A  majority  of  the  idiots  born  are  of  intem- 
perate parents;  but  this  intemperance  may  be 
in  the  form  of  over  work,  or  any  thing  that 
produces  nervous  exhaustion,  as  sensuality,  the 
excessive  use  of  tobacco,  or  disease  of  almost 
any  kind.  It  is  said  that  in  the  year  1865  there 
was  a  less  number  of  idiots  born  in  Norway 
than  in  1855,  and  Dr.  Dahl  says  it  was  because 
there  was  much  less  intemperance  then  than 
ten  years  before. 

Kaw  beef,  chopped  up  fine  with  onions,  is 
now  frequently  to  be  seen  on  the  counters  in 
lager-beer  saloons  in  New  York.  Germans  are 
very  fond  of  it,  and  they  say  it  is  the  best  cure 
or  preventative  of  dyspepsia,  as  well  as  that  of 
lung  diseases. 


To  Dyspeptics. — If  a  man  wishes  to  get  rid 
of  dyspepsia  he  must  give  his  stomach  and 
brain  less  to  do.  It  will  be  of  no  service  to 
him  to  follow  any  particular  regimen— to  live 
on  chaff  bread,  or  any  such  stuff— to  weigh  his 
food,  etc.,  so  long  as  the  brain  is  in  a  constant 
state  of  exeitemeut.  Let  that  have  proper  rest, 
and  the  stomach  will  perform  its  functions. 
But  if  he  pass  fourteen  or  fifteen  hours  a  day 
in  his  office  or  counting-room,  and  take  no  ex- 
eroise,  his  stomach  will  inevitably  beoome 
paralyzed,  and  if  he  puts  nothing  into  it  but  a 
cracker  a  day  it  will  not  digest  it.  In  many 
cases  it  is  the  brain  that  is  the  primary  cause. 
Give  that  delicate  organ  some  rest.  Leave 
your  business  behind  when  you  go  home.  Do 
not  sit  down  to  your  dinner  with  your  brows 
knit,  and  your  mind  absorbed  in  casting  up 
interest  accounts.  Never  abridge  the  usual 
hours  of  sleep.  Take  more  or  less  exercise  in 
the  open  air  every  day.  Allow  yourself  some 
innocent  recreation.  Eat  moderately,  slowly, 
and  of  what  you  please — provided  it  be  not  the 
shovel  and  tongs.  If  any  particular  dish  disa- 
grees with  you,  however,  never  touch  it.  or  look 
at  it.  Do  not  imagine  that  you  must  live  on 
rye  bread  or  oatmeal  porridge;  a  reasonable 
quantity  of  nutritious  food  is  essential  to  the 
mind  as  well  as  the  body.  Above  all,  bani-h 
all  thoughts  of  the  subject.  If  you  have  any 
treatises  on  dyspepsia,  domestic  medicine,  etc., 
nut  them  directly  into  the  fire.  If  you  are  con- 
stantly miking  and  thinking  about  dyspepsia, 
you  will  surely  have  it.  Endeavor* to  forget 
that  you  have  a  stomach.  Keep  a  clear  con- 
science; live  temperately, regularly,  cleanly;  be 
industrious,  too,  but  be  temperate. — Boston 
Journal  of  Cliem'istry. 

Sleeplessness — Diseased  Bones.  —  I  have 
heard  it  stated,  and  also  read  in  medical  jour- 
nals, that  if  a  person  has  taken  very  powerful 
medicine  during  a  spell  of  sickness,  it  often 
destroys  the  nervous  system  to  such  an  extent 
that  the  person  never  has  sound  sleep  after- 
ward. Do  you  think  such  is  the  case,  or  is 
there  any  way  to  recover  so  as  to  enjoy  good, 
refreshing  sleep  again? 

Arts.  Loss  of  sleep  depends  generally  on 
nervousness,  the  result  of  disease  or  of  im- 
moderate use  of  the  various  hypnotics,  as 
morphine,  hydrate  of  chloral,  etc.  But  it 
would  be  quite  impossible  to  give  accurate  ad- 
vice without  more  intimate  knowledge  of  the 
patient's  temperament  and  physical  condition. 

Perhaps  following  a  simple  hygienic  plan 
might  assist.  Let  the  patient  exercise  moder- 
ately, so  as  to  be  somewhat  fatigued  at  bed- 
time; let  the  supper  be  light,  if  taken  at  all; 
let  the  bed  be  not  feather,  or  the  clothing  too 
heavy;  let  the  temperature  of  the  bed- room 
be  not  higher  than  58°  or  60°  F.  Above  all, 
give  up  all  narcotics  of  every  kind.  A  warm 
bath  on  retiring,  with  a  hard  rubbing  or  wiping 
dry,  is  often  of  service. 

The  diseased  bones  should  be  operated  on 
at  once  by  a  competent  surgeon,  as  the  necrosis 
of  the  bone  keeps  up  such  an  irritable  state  of 
the  system  that  either  medication  or  hygiene 
would  be  alike  useless. — Phrenological  Journal. 


The  Wear  and  Repair  of  the  Brain. — The 
notion  that  those  who  work  only  with  their 
brain  need  less  food  than  those  who  lobor  with 
their  hands  is  fallacious;  mental  labor  causes 
greater  waste  of  tissues  than  muscular.  Ac- 
cording to  careful  estimates,  three  hours  of 
hard  study  wear  out  the  body  more  than  a 
whole  day  of  hard  physical  exertion.  "With- 
out phosphorus,  no  thought,"  is  a  German 
saying;  and  the  consumption  of  that  essential 
ingredient  of  the  brain  increases  in  proportion 
to  the  amount  of  labor  which  the  organ  is  re- 
quired to  perform.  The  wear  and  tear  of  the 
brain  are  easily  measured  by  careful  exami- 
nation of  the  salts  in  the  liquid  excretions. 
The  importance  of  the  brain  as  a  working  organ 
is  shown  by  the  amount  of  blood  it  receives, 
which  is  proportionally  greater  than  that  of 
any  other  part  of  the  body.  One  fifth  of  the 
blood  goes  to  the  brain,  though  its  average 
weight  is  only  one  fortieth  of  the  weight  of  the 
body.  This  fact  alone  would  be  sufficient  to 
prove  that  brain-workers  need  more  food,  and 
better  food,  than  mechanics  and  farm  laborers. 
Boston  Journal  of  Cliemistoy, 

Poisonous  Paper  Collars. — A  clergyman  re- 
siding in  Sussex  county,  Delaware,  having  been 
greatly  troubled  with  numbness  in  his  limbs, 
and  other  symptoms  which  led  his  physician  to 
suspect  lead  poisoning,  sent  to  us  the  ash  re- 
sulting from  the  combustion  of  one  of  the 
paper  collars  worn  by  him,  and  we  found  upon 
analysis  that  it  contained  carbonate  of  lead  in 
considerable  quantity.  This  dangerous  sub- 
stance is  used  in  the  glazing  of  some  cuffs  and 
collars  made  of  paper,  and  when  the  hands 
and  neck  perspire  or  any  .abrasion  .of  the  skin 
occurs,  the  lead  is  absorbed  and  poisoning 
results.  The  brand  of  collars  containing  the 
lead  was  represented  to  be  what  is  known  as 
the  "Dickens"  collars. 

Vinegar  Bitters. — Will  you  be  kind  enough 
to  let  me  know  whether  you  think  that  Dr. 
Walker's  Vinegar  Bitters  are  as  good  as  he 
represents  them  to  be  in  his  advertisements, 
and  greatly  oblige. 

Ans.  We  regard  these  bitters  only  less  in- 
jurious than  others  because  they  contain  no 
alcohol.  But  when  the  venders  claim  that  they 
have  any  curative  properties  whatever,  they 
claim  that  which  is  not  true.  Itis.no  doubt, 
one  of  the  most — profitable  to  the  makers — 
popular  and  harmless  of  the  quack  nostrums. 
Oh,  the  gullibility  of  ignorant,  poor,  sick  hu- 
manity!— Phrenological  Journal. 


232 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS.X 


[April  13,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER... Seniob  Editoe. 


DEWEY  «&  CO.,  J?ixt>lisliers. 


.  1.  DEWEY, 
W.  B.  EWEB, 


GEO.  H.  STB0NG, 
JNO.  L.  BOONE. 


Office,  Ho.  338  Monte-ornery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  rrom 
Wells,  Farg-o  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advebtisino  Rates.— 1  week.  ImmUh.   3  months,   lyear. 

Periine  25  .80  S2.00         S5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3.00  7.50         20.00 

Oneinch 2.00  6.00  14.00  38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  partB  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

SuBSOBipnoNS  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4; 
six  months,  $2.50:  three  months,  $1.25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1 H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risfc. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3s. ;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  In- 
sertion, Is. ;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rateB.  


San  Franoisoo: 

Saturday  Morning,  April  13,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 

Sas  Fbancisoo,  Wednesday,  April  10,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying,  9U£ ;  selling,  9154.  Sold  in  New  Yorli 
to-day,  110&. 


Table  of  Contents. 


EDrroBlAXB.— The  Recent  Earthquake;  Sewage  Farming 
and  Sewage  Purification:  Protection  of  Water  Pipes  in 
Mines;  Calaveras  County  Mining  Matters,  232.  The 
"  Lost  Lead,"  233. 

Illustrations.  —  Crosby's  Improved  Furnace,  225. 
Loss  of  Quicksilver;  Device  for  Lamp  Chimney,  233: 

Correspondence.— Notes  of  Travel  in  Placer  Co,;  226. 

Mechanical  Progress  —  Petroleum  as  Fuel  in  Iron 
Manufacture;  Labor-Saving  Machines;  High-Speed 
Engines;  Improved  Canal  Boat,  227. 

Sctentoto  Peogbess. — New  Triumphs  of  the  Chemical 
Laboratory;  Mechanical  Effect  of  Magnetism;  Recent 
Observations  of  the  Pla  et  Venus,  227- 

MrNTNG  Summary.— Reports  from  Mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Direc- 
tory, 229. 

Useful  Information.— The  Latest  Novelty;  Electricity; 
Household  Electricity;  Simple  Disinfectants.  Me- 
chanical Hints.— Waterproof  Glue;  Dripping  of  Metal- 
lic and  Slate  Roofs;  231. 

Good  Health. -The  Color  of  Death;  To  Dyspeptics: 
Sleeplessness— Diseased  Bones;  Wear  and  Repair  of 
the  Brain,  231. 

Domestic  Economy. -Cookery;  The  Tea  Hour;  Boulli; 
How  the  Chinese  Make  Tea:  The  Farmer's  Own  Pud- 
ding; Influence  of  Wives.  235. 

Miscellaneous. — Sale  of  Mining  Interests  Unconstitu- 
tional; Wonderful  Railway  BrMg«,  226.  Trouble 
Among  the  Miners  in  Idaho;  The  Manufactures  of 
San  Francisco,  230.  Patents  and  Inventions,  233. 
New  Incorporations;  Elections,  236. 


The  Black  Hills  Region. — Secretary 
Delano,  has  written  to  Governor  Burbank, 
of  Dakotah,  stating  that  he  has  been  in- 
formed that  a  combination  is  being  made 
to  obtain  lands  in  the  Black  Hill  region 
for  the  purpose  of  getting  possession  of 
the  mineral  deposits  and  timber.  The 
Black  Hills  are  within  the  boundaries  of 
an  Indian  reservation,  and  the  Governor 
is  requested  to  put  a  stop  to  any  combina- 
tion of  the  character  mentioned,  against 
the  law.  The  Secretary  has  also  addressed 
a  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  War  with  a 
view  of  securing  the  aid  of  the  military 
in  checking  these  expeditions.  These  pro- 
ceedings will  put  a  stop  to  a  number  of 
prospecting  expeditions  and  will  ulti- 
mately, no  doubt,  benefit  parties  who  in- 
tended to  go  there,  more  than  if  they  had 
gone.  The  reasons  are  that  if  large  bod- 
ies of  prospectors  enter  the  country  em- 
braced in  the  reservation  it  will  inevitably 
bring  about  an  Indian  War.  Miners  who 
have  had  any  slight  touches  of  "  fever  " 
and  made  up  their  minds  to  go  there,  will 
now  have  to  give  it  up  and  remain  where 
they  are.  When  it  becomes  absolutely 
certain  that  the  mineral  resources  of  the 
country  are  of  sufficient  importance  to 
warrant  it,  doubtless  the  Government  will 
take  proper  measures  to  open  the  field  for 
civilized  labor  and  enterprise. 

Utah  Mines. — Ten  tons  of  ore  from  a 
mine  in  Butterfield  Canon,  with  a  7-foot 
vein,  netted  over  $10,000  in  silver  and  gold. 
A  very  heavy  business  was  transacted  last 
week  in  Salt  Lake  City,  in  the  transfer 
and  binding  of  mining  property,  the  aggre- 
gate considerations  in  three  days  being 
over  two  millions.  Several  agents  of  Eng- 
lish capitalists  have  lately  come  to  Utah 
to  examine  the  iron  mines  in  Iron  county. 
The  ore  is  said  to  be  abundant  and  of  good 
quality.  A  Mining  Stock  Board  is  to  be 
organized  in  Salt  Lake  City. 


The  Recent  Earthquake. 

The  recent  earthquake  appears  to  have 
extended  as  far  as  the  City  of  Mexico,  for 
mail  advices  announce  that  a  severe  shock 
was  felt  in  that  city  on  the  same  day  on 
which  it  occurred  here.  It  was  also  quite 
severe  at  Camp  Cady,  Arizona,  the  vibra- 
tions being  sufficient  to  move  heavy  gov- 
ernment wagons  several  feet.  Camp  Cady 
is  located  upon  the  westerly  side  of  the 
volcanic  belt  which  extends  from  Inyo  far 
into  Mexico.  The  "  tremblor"  of  the  26th 
ult.  therefore  extended  as  far  north  as  the 
Oregon  border  and  as  far  south  as  the  City 
of  Mexico,  a  distance  of  over  2,000  miles. 
How  far  it  extended  east  and  west  we  have 
no  means  of  knowing,  although  we  hear  it 
was  felt  at  Winnemucca,  462  miles  east 
of  San  Francisco.  A  shock  was  felt  the 
same  day  at  Paducah,  T£y.,  but  no  accounts 
have  been  received  of  any  disturbances 
between  Winnemucca  and  that  place,  and 
it  is  fair  to  assume  that  the  Paducah  shock 
was  but  a  curious  coincidence.  The  ocean 
was  somewhat  disturbed  off  San- Pedro, 
but  no  vessels  yet  arrived  have  reported  it 
as  being  noticed  further  out  at  sea. 

The  reports  render  it  one  of  the  most 
extended  shocks  of  earthquakes  recorded 
in  history,  and  the  phenomena  connected 
with  it,  near  what  is  supposed  to  have  been 
the  central  point  of  disturbance,  are  also 
remarkable,  for  we  hear  that  the  miners  at 
Inyo,  at  work  some  300  feet  below  the  sur- 
face, at  that  point  felt  no  shock.  This 
fact,  if  it  is  a  fact,  coupled  with  the  report 
of  a  similar  absence  of  disturbance  in  the 
deep  mines  at  Virginia  City  at  the  time  of 
the  severe  earthquake  which  was  experi- 
enced there  some  three  years  since,  fur- 
nishes some  new  and  interesting  data  with 
regard  to  the  propagation  of  earthquake 
waves.  The  same  law  would  seem  to  hold 
good  in  an  earthquake  disturbance  that 
would  attend  a  submarine  explosion,  the 
effects  of  which,  would  be  propagated  at  a 
distance  only  by  the  concentric  surface 
waves  which  would  be  originated  directly 
over  the  point  of  disturbance. 

The  shock  of  the  26th  ult.  seems  to 
have  mainly  followed  the  direction  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Sierra  Madre — 
southeastly  and  northwestly,  although  the 
volcano  of  Colima,  in  Mexico,  on  a  westerly 
branch  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  also  burst 
forth  in  a  state  of  eruption  on  the  day  of 
the  shock,  a  fact  which  renders  it  extremely 
probable  that  there  was  some  immediate 
connection  with  the  activity  of  this  vol- 
cano and  the  phenomenon  observed  in  this 
State. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  no  steps  have 
yet  been  taken,  to  have  the  data  in  con- 
nection with  this  remarkable  terrestrial 
disturbance,  collated  by  some  person  of 
sufficient  scientific  attainment  to  make  his 
report  acceptable  to  scientific  men. 

Low  Water. — The  past  year  has  been 
one  of  extreme  drouth  both  on  this  con- 
tinent and  in  Europe.  So  great  has  been 
the  drouth  that  it  has  seriously  affected 
manufacturing  as  well  as  agricultural  in- 
terests. During  the  extremely  low  water 
in  most  of  the  streams,  during  last  sum- 
mer, numerous  manufacturing  establish- 
ments were  entirely  stopped.  Much  suf- 
fering was  thereby  caused  to  working  men 
in  many  parts  of  Europe. 

The  low  stage  of  water  is  given  as  one 
of  the  causes  for  the  present  extraordi- 
nary advance  in  iron — especially  Sweed 
iron,  which  is  largely  employed  in  this 
country  for  the  manufacture  of  steel. 
Paper  has  also  been  effected  to  some  ex- 
tent from  the  same  cause. 


California  Stock  Exchange  Board. 
The  first  annual  meeting  of  the  California 
Stock  Board  was  held  on  the  8th  inst.,  and 
the  election  resulted  as  follows:  Presi- 
dent, T.  J.  L.  Smiley;  Caller,  Joseph  Til- 
den:  Secretary,  W.  W.  Lawton;  Treas- 
urer, E.  J.  Baldwin. 


Sewage-Farming  and  Sewage-Purifica- 
tion. 

»  

Sewage-Farming  Results. 

We  have  previously  spoken  of  the  use  of 
sewage  in  agriculture  and  of  the  results  obtain- 
ed in  certain  places.  Although  the  question  of 
how  to  deal  with  the  refuse  from  sewers  has 
attracted  for  a  long  time  the  attention  of  city 
officials  in  Europe,  and  although  Bewage  farm- 
ing has  been  practiced  for  some  years,  espec- 
ially in  England  where  several  so-called  ".  Sew- 
age Farms  "  exist,  yet  sufficient  data  with  regard 
to  the  results  have  not  been  obtainable. 

J.  Bailey  Denton,  in  a  paper  read  before  the 
Society  of  Arts  at  London,  has  given  some  very 
interesting  facts,  and  among  them  a  table  of 
the  money  realized  by  the  sale  of  crops  on  sew- 
age farms  in  certain  localities.  The  figures 
show,  at  least,  what  is  possible  under  proper 
management,  and  we  condense  the  table,  giving 
the  average  value  of  the  crop  per  acre  for  sev- 
eral different  crops.  The  farms,  from  which 
the  crops  were  obtained,  are  all  in  England,  but 
we  give  the  values  in  American  gold. 

Crop.  Highest.        Lowest.      Average. 

Italian  Rye  Grass $185.00  $63.60  $118.44 

Mangolds 220  00  107.25  154.63 

Swedes 131.25  71.66  98.89 

Carrots 225.00  175.00  203.75 

Parsnips 260.00  175.00  196.25 

Cabbages 175.00  75.00  118.29 

Potatoes 165.00  90.00  126.66 

Onions 620.00  175.00  298.75 

From  these  instances,  as  Mr.  Denton  remarks, 
sufficient  proof  is  afforded  that,  with  one  crop 
per  annum  of  a  kind  which  will  yield  largely  to 
the  application  of  sewage  and  command  a  cer- 
tain sale,  the  farmer  can  pay  for  the  sewage  a 
sum  sufficient  to  make  the  sale  of  sewage  re- 
munerative and  have  still  a  handsome  sum  at 
his  disposal.  Although  by  good  farming  equal- 
ly large  crops  have  been  produced  without 
sewage,  yet  the  united  advantages  of  manure 
and  water  insure  crops  every  year  under  every 
vicissitude  of  season  and  occasionally  allow  of 
two  crops  from  the  same  land. 

Purification   of   Sewage. 

Intimately  connected  with  the  utilization  of 
sewage  and  not  to  be  separated  from  it,  by  no 
means  less  important,  and,  indeed,  sooner 
brought  prominently  before  the  public,  is  the 
purification  of  sewage.  As  soon  as  popula- 
tion concentrates  in  any  locality,  forming  a 
town  or  city  of  any  size,  the  question  of  dealing 
with  the  sewage  from  a  sanitary  point  of  view 
is  forced  upon  the  authorities,  especially  in  in- 
land towns.  And  as  the  country  around  be- 
comes settled  and  industrial  establishments 
spring  up,  the  matter  becomes  one  of  para- 
mount interest.  The  recent  illness  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  said  to  be  traceable  to  impure 
water  or  sewer  gases,  has  roused  the  anxiety  of 
all  the  British  nation,  and  presented  the  topic 
in  a  striking  light.  We  cannot  poison  people 
or  spoil  streams  by  letting  the  town  refuse  escape 
freely  upon  land  or  into  running  water.  How 
then  shall  we  deal  with  the  refuse? 

Of  course  the  more  thickly  settled  the  coun- 
try, [,the  more  important  the  subject.  It  is 
already  becoming  prominent  in  our  land,  and 
in  Europe  has  long  been  a  vexed  problem. 

England  offers  many  attempted  solutions  of 
the  problem.  Of  late  years  the  ABC 
process — treating  with  alum,  blood  and  clay 
principally  —  the  phosphate  process  —  using 
phosphate  of  alumina — and  a  few  other  chemi- 
cal methods  have  been  loudly  advocated;  but 
no  one  has  yet  attained  satisfactory  results 
according  to  the  best  information  obtainable. 
A  new  method,  however,  has  lately  been  tried, 
and  the  results  given  are  so  favorable  that  we 
here  publish  a  short  account. 

Denton's  Intermittent  Filtration  Process. 

This  process  has  been  tried  in  Wales.  Twenty 
acres  of  land  were  divided  into  &  equal  parts, 
and  the  whole  was  drained  to  an  average  depth 
of  6  feet  and  deeply  cultivated.  The  surface 
was  laid  out  in  the  ridge  and  furrow  form,  to 
allow  of  the  use  of  hoes  and,  while  growing 
crorjs  on  the  ridge,  to  permit  the  sewage  to 
flow  in  the  furrows  and  rise  up  to  the  ridge 
sides  with  a  certainty  of  being  absorbed  and  of 
feeding  vegetation  at  the  same  time.  The  sew- 
age was  equivalent  in  amount  to  the  discharge 
of  about  30,000  persons.  This  sewage  being 
let  out  upon  the  land,  was  filtered  in  its  pro- 
gress from  the  surface  to  the  drains,  depositing 
in  the  soil  its  material  so  beneficial  to  agricul- 
ture, and  issuing  from  the  drains  so  pure  that 
the  laborers  were  said  to  quench  their  thirst 
with  it,  and  chemical  analyses  showed  it  to  be 
of  a  quality  unobjectionable  in  a  sanitary  point 
of  view.  The  yield  of  the  crop  sown  is  also 
given  as  very  good.  We  find  the  value  of  the 
crop  of  cabbages  per  acre  given  as  $100. 


Protection  of  Water  Pipes  in  Mines. 

Much  complaint  is  made  by  miners  on 
the  Comstock  lode  in  Nevada,  and  in  many 
other  mining  localities  on  this  coast  of 
the  maimer  in  which  iron  water-pipes 
give  out  under  the  biting  touch  of  the 
vitriolic  impurities  of  the  moisture  dis- 
tilled from  the  crevices  of  the  rock.  Gal- 
vanizing or  coating  with  zinc  give  prac- 
tically no  protection  from  corrosion,  and 
indeed  no  available  remedy  is  known. 

The  same  difficulty  is  experienced  in 
the  mines  in  many  parts  of  Europe;  and 
in  those  of  Siberia,  where  pyrites  are  com- 
mon, the  trouble  is  said  to  be  now  very 
effectually  avoided  by  a  novel  method  of 
enameling  the  internal  surface  of  the 
pipes,  which  is  described  by  the  American 
Artizan  as  follows:  "  The  process  in- 
volves a  preliminary  exposure  of  three 
hours  to  a  bath  of  oil  of  vitriol — sul- 
phuric acid.  After  this  they  are  washed 
with  water,  and  are  brushed  with  a  com- 
position composed  of  thirty-four  parts 
silica,  fifteen  of  borax,  and  two  of  soda, 
and  are  then  placed  in  a  retort  at  a  dull- 
red  heat  for  about  ten  minutes.  This  is 
the  first  coating.  A  second  is  laid  on, 
composed  of  thirty-four  parts  of  feldspar, 
nineteen  of  silica,  twenty-four  of  borax, 
sixteen  of  tin  oxyd,  four  of  fluorspar, 
nine  of  soda,  and  three  of  niter.  This  is 
melted  to  a  mass  in  a  crucible,  then  ground 
to  a  fine  paste  with  water,  and  in  this  con- 
dition applied  to  the.  pipe,  which  done,  the 
pipe  is  heated  to  a  white  heat,  and  main- 
tained thereat  for  twenty  minutes.  This 
insures  the  perfect  fixing  of  the  enamel. 
Before  the  pipe  has  become  wholly  cool 
it  receives  an  external  application  of  coal- 
tar,  and  is  then  ready  for  use.  There 
seems  no  good  reason  why  pipe  treated 
in  this  manner  should  not  prove  well 
adapted  for  purposes  for  which,  owing  to 
its  inability  to  corrosion  ordinary  iron 
pipe  is  inadmissible. 

Calaveras  County  Mining  Matters. — 
The  mining  prospects  in  Calaveras  County 
are,  like  they  are  all  over  the  State,  in  a 
flourishing  condition.  Quartz  mining  in 
particular,  stimulated  by  successful  results 
in  Lower  Bich  Gulch,  West  Point,  Bail- 
road  and  Angels,  has  taken  a  new  impetus. 
The  Mokelumne  Hill  Chronicle  is  jubilant 
over  this  increased  interest  and  says  that 
"  work  is  being  resumed  in  mines  long 
since  abandoned,  ledges  are  being  pros- 
pected in  every  direction,  and,  better  than 
all,  capital  has  come  to  the  assistance  of 
energy  and  enterprise."  In  the  West 
Point,  Bailroad  Flat  and  Mosquito  dis- 
tricts, in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the 
county,  favorable  developments  have  been 
made  this  spring,  though  active  operations 
have  not  yet  commenced.  From  West 
Point,  particularly,  the  intelligence  re- 
ceived is  very  flattering.  The  develop- 
ments on  the  Zacetara  mine  have  estab- 
lished the  permanency  of  the  leads  in  that 
district.  In  Railroad  Flat,  first  class  quartz 
is  coming  from  the  Petticoat,  Wolverine, 
Prussian  Hill  and  Free  &  Easy  mines.  At 
Mosquito  Gulch,  the  San  Bruno,  Good 
Hope  and  Grasshopper  leads,  though  not 
large  ledges,  pay  well.  At  Bich  Gulch 
the  well  known  Gwin  Mine,  one  of  the 
best  appointed  in  the  State  is  doing  well 
and  operations  are  being  extended.  At 
San  Andreas  the  Thorn  and  Scifford  mines 
are  in  operation,  the  former  having  been 
bonded  for  $80,000.  At  Angels  the  "  Big 
Mine  "  and  Stickle  claim  are  paying  hand- 
somely. Gravel  mining  is  flourishing, 
and  the  supply  of  water  being  plentiful, 
it  is  expected  that  more  gold  will  be  turned 
out  this  year  than  during  any  previous  one. 

Honors  to  Professor  Morse. — The  Na- 
tional Academy  of  Design  have  adopted 
resolutions  of  respect  to  the  memory  of  the 
late  Prof.  Morse.  The  Aldermen,  assist- 
ant Aldermen,  and  the  City  Councils  of  New 
York  and  Brooklyn  and  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  of  New  York ;  and  likewise, 
the  Board  of  Directors  'of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company,  have  also 
adopted  a  series  of  resolutions  of  like  char- 
acter. Similar  measures  have  been  taken 
all  over  the  country. 


April  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


233 


Loss  of  Quicksilver. 

(Written  (or  the  Fbzm  by  Ouido  Kcbtel.] 
With  reference  to  the  article  under  the 
above  hooding  in  the  Scientific  Press  of 
March  10,  1872,  the  way  to  ascertain  the 
amount  of  quicksilver  iu  the  crude  bullion 
or  retorted  amalgam  should  bo  added. 
There  are  cases  where  the  bullion  shows 
the  appearance  of  a  perfect  retorting, 
where  there  is,  nevertheless,  a  considera- 
ble amount  of  quicksilver;  and  again, 
sometimes  much  of  the  latter  is  supposed 
to  be  present  whero  only  a  small  percent- 
age will  be  found.  Occasionally  it  may  be 
of  importance  to  know  the  quantity  of 
quicksilver  in  the  bullion  in  order  to  de- 
cide whether  it  would  be  profitable  to  sub- 
ject it  to  another  retorting  or  not.  The 
assay  is  done  correctly  in  a  few  minutes 
by  my  method,  requiring  only  a  glass 
tube,  an  alcohol  lamp,  blowpipe,  and  a 
gold  cornet.  The  latter  may  bo  procured 
from  any  assay  ofliee  whoro  gold  bullion  is 
received,  and  one  cornet  will  serve  for 
many  years.  To  make  this  way  of  assay- 
ing easily  understood,  it  might  be  better 
to  explain  it  by  an  example: 

First,  tako  the  cornet  on  a  piece  of  char- 
coal and  make  it  rod-hot  by  moans  of  the 
alcohol  flame  and  blow-pipe,  but  carefully, 
for  by  applying  a  little  too  much  heat  it 
would  melt.  It  is  safer  to  tako  tho  cornet 
on  a  needle,  and  to  hold  it  in  the  flame  a 
few  seconds  till  it  gets  red-hot.  Weigh  it 
out  on  a  fine  gold  balance  and  notice  the 
weight  of  tho  cornet,  say  634.75  (equal  to 
6.3-175  grains) .  The  woight  will  always 
be  found  the  same  after  use  when  calcined, 
provided  no  fragment  has  been  broken  off 
accidentally.  If  it  should  weigh  a  little 
more  after  being  heated  this  must  be  re- 
peated. 

Next,  take  a  small  fragment  out  of  the 
middle  of  the  broken  bullion,  best  in  one 
single  piece,  not  heavier  than  from  150  to 
200,  (1%  to  2  grains,)  weigh  it  correctly 
and  note  it,  say  170.  This  bullion  frag- 
ment of  170  insert  into  a  glass  tube,  the 
one  end  of  which  you  close  by  melting  it 
in  the  alcohol  flame.  The  fragment  a,  in 
the  drawing  (of  natural  size)  is  placed  at 
the  end  of  tho  tube,  and  then  the  gold  cor- 
net b,  in  a  distance,  is  represented. 

Take  hold  of  the  tube  as  shown  with  tho 
fingers,  and  let  the  alcohol  flame  play  over 
the  part  of  the  tube  in  which  tho  bullion 
is  placed.  The  quioksilver  will  soon  be 
observed  as  a  gray  coating  at  d,  which,  by 
increased  heat,  moves  slowly  towards  b, 
and  is  taken  up  by  the  gold  cornet.  After 
one  or  two  minutes  steady  blowing,  take 
the  blowpipe  and  direct  the  flame  on  the 
bullion  a,  turning  the  tube  slowly  between 
the  fingers.  Tho  glass  tube  will  commence 
to  melt  by  the  increased  heat  and  the  rest 
of  the  mercury  will  be  driven  out.  One 
minute  blowing  is  generally  sufficient. 
The  tube  is  then  allowed  to  cool  down, 
keeping  or  placing  it  always  horizontally, 
to  prevent  the  sliding  of  the  cornet.  When 
cold,  the  cornet  is  rolled  for  a  while  in  the 
tube,  in  order  to  take  up  some  quicksilver 
globules  that  might  be  perceived  in  front 
or  behind  the  cornet,  and  if,  by  means  of 
a  magnifying  glass,  it  is  observed  that  no 
quicksilver  adheres  to  the  sides  of  the 
tube,  it  is  held  inclined  a  little  so  that  the 
cornet  may  slide  out. 

At  one  end  the  cornet  appears  gray 
from  quicksilver,  the  other  shows  pure 
good  color.  With  this  end  it  is  placed  on 
the  balance  as  shown  in  Fig.  2,  so  that  the 
amalgamated  part  is  turned  up,  and  weighed 
out.  For  this  purpose  the  cornet  must  be 
examined  with  a  magnifying '  glass,  to  be 
sure  of  there  being  no  quicksilver  on  one 
end,  otherwise  it  would  amalgamate  the 
gilded  cup  of  'the  scale,  and  cause 
much  trouble  in  adjusting  the  balance  af- 
terwards. In  such  a  case  it  is  best  to  put 
a  small  piece  of  paper  on  the  cup,  weigh  it 
and  the  cornet  together  and  subtract  the 
paper    weight    from    the    cornet.      After 


weighing,  notice  the  weight,  say,  640.50; 
from  this  tako  off  the  weight  of  the  pure 
cornet,  034.75.  It  gives  a  difference  of 
5.75,  the  amount  of  quicksilver  obtained 
from  the  bullion  fragment,  weighing  170. 
The  percentage  of  quicksilver  in  the  bull- 
ion is  then  easily  found. 

170:5.75=100:* 
05=575-170=3. 38  per  cent,  ol  mercury. 

The  gold  cornet  is  annealed  again  in  or- 
der to  drivo  out  the  quicksilver.  It  must 
show  'its  former  weight.  It  should  al- 
ways be  glowed  and  weighed  before  and 
after  use. 

This  method  of  determining  tho  amount 
of  quicksilver  in  the  bullion  is  also  appli- 
cable to  assaying  quicksilver   ores,   with 
Pip.  111. 


If  it  should  be  observed  that  some  water 
has  preoipitated  inside  the  glass  tube  near 
the  opening,  it  would  not  be  safe  to  weigh 
the  gold  oornet  directly,  butit  must  be  first 
dried  in  a  wider  glass  tube,  which  is 
kept  for  a  short  time  in  boiling  water 

A  Devioe  for  Preventing  the  Breakage 
of  Lamp  Chimneys. 

The  accompanying  cut  is  u  representation  of 
a  device  for  preventing  lamp  chimneys  from 
breaking  or  cracking,  by  the  contraction  und 
expansion  of  the  glass,  under  ordinary  heat  and 
UBiige.  This  device  consists  of  a  piece  of  metal 
which  is  made  of  tho  shape  shown,  and  is  sus- 
pended on  the  upper  end  of  the  chimney  so  as 
to  hang  down  a  short  distance  in  it,  which,  the 
inventors  claim,  serves  both  to  regulate  the 
draft  and  equalize  the  heat. 

The  greatest  disadvantage  there  is  in  usiiiLj 


FUj.  II. 


proper  modification.  It  gives  a  more  re- 
liable assay  than  the  usual  way  of  assaying 
by  retorting  small  quantities,  especially 
with  poor  ore,  containing  from  1  to  2  per- 
cent, of  quicksilver.     The  ore  must  be  dry 


■  ATENTS  &  INVENTIONS. 


lamps  is  the  frequency  with  which  the  chimneys 
break,  and  numerous  contrivances  have  been 
made  to  obviate  it;  this  the  inventors  say  will 
effectually  prevent  the  breakage,  as  has  been 
fully  proven  by  numerous  experiments.    The 


Fig.  I. 


m 


and  finely  pulverized.  Of  this  100  milli- 
grammes are  weighed  out,  or  50,  if  over  20 
por  cent,  quicksilver  is  supposed  to  be  in 
the  ore,  and  by  means  of  a  capsule  intro- 
dued  into  a  glass  tube,  into  which  a  paper 
tube,  a,  as  represented  in  Fig.  3,  has  been 
inserted.  A  few  slight  taps  are  applied  on 
the  tube  to  clear  the  sides  of  the  paper 
tube,  and  then  about  three  times  the  vol- 
ume of  the  ore  of  carbonate  of  soda,  c,  is 
introduced  over  the  ore,  b. 

The  paper  tube  is  then  drawn  out  and 
the  sides  of  the  tube  appear  clean  and 
clear.  It  must  be  mentioned  yet  that  it  is 
very  important  to  drive  out  the  water 
from  the  soda  before  use,  by  heating  it  in 
a  porcelain  or  platina  oup  to  nearly  a  red 
heat.  When  so  prepared,  the  gold  cornet 
is  introduced  again  as  described  before, 
in  a  horizontal  position,  and  the  end 
containing  the  ore  cautiously  heated.  If 
suddenly  held  in  the  flame,  the  soda  might 
be  thrown  against  the  cornet.  After  five  or 
six  minutes,  the  heat  must  be  increased  by 
help  of  the  blow  pipe,  which  will  cause 
the  soda  to  melt.  When  cold,  the  quick- 
silver globules  adhering  to  the  side  of 
the  tube  are  collected  by  the  gold  cornet 
as  mentioned  before.  The  weight  above 
that  of  the  cornet  expresses  the  per  cent- 
age  of  the  quicksilver  in  the  ore,  provided 
100  milligrammes  have  been  weighed  out. 


Pull  List  of  U.  S.  Patents   Issued  to 
Pacific   Coast    Inventors. 

[From  Offioial  Reportb  to  DEWET  &  CO.,  U.  8.  and 

Foreign  Patent  Agents,  and  Publishers   of 

the  sctentifio  puebb.) 

1\T.    nil:  Week    Ending    January  3d,  1872. 

Papee-File.— Jeremiah  W.  Foard,  S.  F.,  Cal  ■  ante- 
dated Inc.  20.  1871. 

Buckle  —Nathaniel  D.  Fowler,  Valley  Ford,  Oal. 

Railway  Switch.— William  H.  Mast'ennan  aud  An- 
drew Jackson,  Stockton,  Cal. 

Device  roa  Bteadlso  wauon-Focee. — Reuben  Austen 

s<  adore,  B.  F.,  Cal. 
Broadcast  Bower. — Jacob  price,  San    Leandro,   Bap. 
tlst  Johnson.  Irwin  J.  Truman  and  Robert  M.  Himul- 
tou,  S.  F.,  assignors  to  Livingston  L.  Raker  and  Rob- 
ert M .  Hamilton,  s.  F.,  Cal. 

For  the  Webb  Ending  January  10th. 
i  uual&OE  Wheel.- Charles  Palmer,  Hamilton,  Nov. 

i"K  an;  Week    Emuxa   January  30th. 
Rotary  Push'.-  Nathaniel  1'    Sheldon,  S,  F.,  Cal. 
rcaiso  Lk.u  t.uiacco. — James  I).  Caip,  Gilroy,  Cal. 
Autiucial  Teeth.— Charles  II.  Mack,  Portland,  Or, 

For  the  Wees    Ending   Fehhuary  Gth. 
eiaviN-SiiPAUATOR.— Joseph   Esse,  Redwood  City,  Cal. 
Hohse-Powee.— Samuel  Pelton,  Marysville.  Cal. 
Apparatus  for  ExiLeusTiNG  Air  prom  Pheslbye-Canb. 

David  N.  Phelps.  San  Leandro,  Cal. 
Buno.— Daniel  B.  Rickey,  8.  F-,  Cal. 
Manufacture  of  Alcoholic  Sptrits.— Innthis  J.  Rolfe 

and  Josiah  Rogers,  Nevada  City,  Cal. 
Dish-Washing    Machine. — Catharine    Woodruff,     Au- 
tloeh,  Cal. 

Foa  the  Week  Ending  February  13th. 
Horse-Power. — ThomaB   C.    Churchman,  Sacramento, 
Cal. 

For  the  Weee  Ending  February  20th. 
Gopher-Trap.—  John  Bowman,  Santa  Cruz,  Cal. 
Material    for   Filling    Matresses,  Making  Paper, 

Etc.— Francis  C.  Cone,  S.  F.,  Cal. 
Amalgamator. — George  C.    Langtry   and  George  Em- 
mott,  Gold  Hill,  Nov. 

For  the  Week    Ending   February   27th, 
Wood  Pavement.— Henry  E.  Perry,  S,  F.,  Cal. 
For  the  Weee  Ending  March  Stu. 
Grain-Separator.— James    C.    Bowden,    Farmingtou, 

Cal. 
Endless-Rope    Way.— David    R.  Smith,  8.  F.,    Cal., 
assigDor  to  Andrew  S.  Hallidie,  same  place. 
For  the    Week    Ending  March  12th 
Gang-Plow.— Samuel  D.  Bowcn  and  Americas  M.  Ab- 
bott, Stockton,  Cal. 
BncK-KxLN.— Francis  Felix  Boudrye,  S.  F.,  Cal. 
Permutation  Lock. — William  C.  Busse,  S.  F.,  Cal. 
Machine  For  Painting  Wire-Cloth. — Samuel  Graves, 

S.  F-,  Cal. 
Gang-Plow. — George  W.  Haines,   Maine  Prairie,  Cal. : 

antedated  March  7, 1872. 
Friction  Engine. — Wallace  Hanscom,  S.  F.  Cal. 
Extension  Shelf   or  Bracket.— Anthony  Rosenfield. 

S.F.,  Col. 
Quartz-Mill.— W'illiam  C.  Stiles,  Nevada  City,  Cal. 

For  the  Week  Ending  March  19th. 
Medical  Compound  or  Rheumatic  Liniment. — John 

M.  Cantrell,  Polk  county,  Or. 
Wheel  foe  Vehicles.— George  R.  Duval.  Salem,  Or. 
Submarine  and   other  Wallb. — William  H.  Foye,  S. 

F.,  Cal. 
Harrow. — Oradon  J.  Leabo,  Forest  Grove,  Or. 
Appaeatus  for  Lighting  and  Extinguishing  Gab  by 

Electricity. — John  Vassant,  S.  F„  Cal. 
Animal-Trap.  —James  William  Fishback    How,    Can 

yonville,  Or. 
Bpioe-Bottle. — Joseph  L.  Likina,  Vallejo,  Cal.;  ante- 
dated March  14,  1872. 

Note. — Copies  ol  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  by  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  less  time  than  by  any  other 
agency  


piece  of  metal  can  of  course  be  applied  on  any 
chimney,  and  it  is  claimed  that  by  its  use  the 
flame  may,  even  when  first  lighted,  be  turned 
up  so  as  to  come  out  at  the  top  of  the  chimney 
without  breaking  the  glass  by  sudden  expan- 
sion. The  cause  is  attributec1  to  the  division  of 
the  draft  at  the  upper  end  of  the  chimney  by 
the  hanging  plate  whereby  it  is  steadied  and 
the  heat  regulated.  This  little  invention  has 
been  patented  through  the  Scientific  Press 
Agency  by  C.  M.  Gruby  and  T.  I.  Liehtig. 
The  agent  is  O.  V.  Gerzabeck,  No.  563,  Market 
street. 


Eailroad  Convention.— Circulars  have 
been  received  by  a  number  of  persons  in 
this  city,  calling  their  attention  to  the  fact, 
that  a  Convention  of  Eailroad  men  and  en- 
gineers, interested  in  the  narrow  gauge 
system,  will  be  held  in  St.  Louis  on  the 
10th  of  June.  The  following  persons  are 
requested  to  attend :  Officers  of  narrow- 
gauge  roads,  constructed,  in  course  of  con- 
struction or  projected  ;  all  dealers  in,  or 
manufacturers  of  narrow  gauge  rails  or 
equipments  ;  all  railroad  engineers..  A 
committee  of  arrangements  has  been  ap- 
pointed, and  an  excursion  to  Denver  City, 
where  the  Denver  and  Eio  Grande  narrow- 
gauge  railroad  is '  in  operation,  will  be  a 
feature  of  the  Convention. 


The  work  of  pumping  out  the  Belling- 
ham  Bay  coal  mine  is  progressing  slowly 
but  satisfactorily. 


The  '  'Lost  Lead.  " — Eecent  advices  from 
Arizona  chronicle  the  discovery  of  .  what 
is  supposed  to  be  the  long-sought-for 
"Lost  Lead,"  within  about  10  miles  from 
Mineral  Park,  Wallapai  District.  An  old 
unnel  has  been  found  containing  the 
tools  of  workmen,  and  the  ledge  is  said  to 
be  a  fine  large  one  showing  considerable 
horn  silver.  The  old  dump  covers  an 
acre  of  ground.  The  "Lost  Lead"  has 
formed  the  foundation  for  air-castles  for 
many  a  miner  in  the  "lower  country,"  and 
has  been  sought  for  by  thousands.  Its 
existence  is  attested  to  by  the  annals  of 
several  of  the  Old  Missions  as  well  as  by 
the  traditions  of  the  Indians.  It  was  gen- 
erally supposed  to  be  located  somewhere 
in  the  San  Gabriel  range  or  the  San  Ber- 
nardino mountains,  and  it  is  said  that  the 
old  bells  of  the  church  at  San  Gabriel 
were  made  of  silver  obtained  from  the 
mine  by  the  Jesuit  Priests.  When  the 
Burro  mines  were  discovered,  many  peo- 
ple supposed  that  the  lost  lead  was  some- 
where in  that  vicinity  so  that  the  range  of 
country  in  which  it  was  supposed  to  be 
situated,  was  rather  inflammable  for  any 
systematic  prospecting.  Whether  this 
newly-discovered  tunnel  is  one  of  the  old 
mines  referred  to  or  not,  it  is  nevertheless 
valuable,  and  somewhat  singular,  that, 
with  a  dump  "covering  an  acre  of  ground," 
it  has  not  been  found  before.  Doubtless 
the  former  owners  were  driven  off  by  the 
hostile  Indians. 


Gold  Yield. — The  gold  yield  of  Nevada 
county  for  the  past  two  years  has  been 
$5,000,000  per  annum,  and  it  is  estimated 
that,  for  the  present  year,  it  will  reach 
$7,000,000. 


234 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  13,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


[CONOMY. 


Cookery. 

A  celebrated  chef  in  Paris,  once  composed  a 
marvellous  entree  from  two  or  three  pairs  of 
soiled  white  kid  gloves,  and  succeeded  effectu- 
ally in  deceiving  the  palate  of  a  connoisseur. 
Could  the  basis  of  any  plat  be  more  economi- 
cal ?  The  gourmet  who  dines  off  truffled  tur- 
key, turtle,  and  ortolans,  most  certainly  employs 
good,  cookery,  but  cannot  claim  to  be  consid- 
ered an  economist;  while,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  mutton  chop  of  the  epicure  in  humbler  life 
may  be  rendered  a  delicate  and  palatable  re- 
past, as  well  as  strengthening  and  refreshing  to 
the  system,  by  the  agency  of  good  cookery, 
whereas  bad  cookery  will  destroy  the  nutritive 
properties  of  the  meat,  and  renders  the  chop  a 
lump  of  concentrated  indigestion.  Brillat  Sav- 
arin  has  said,  in  his  admirable  work  on  gastron- 
omy, that  "  a  great  cook  is  a  greater  man  than 
a  great  astronomer, "  and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that 
this  work  has  never  been  translated  into  the 
English  language  for  the  benefit  of  those  of  his 
disciples  who  practice  the  art,  but  who  do  not 
understand  the  French  language. 

Give  a  real  culinary  artist  fuel  and  materials, 
and  the  science  of  cookery  in  such  hands  will 
prove  a  fathomless  mine  of  inexhaustible  va- 
riety, a  boundless  source  from  which  will 
spring  delicate  dishes,  mysterious  and  refined. 
It  is  sometimes  said  : — "  There  is  nothing  new 
under  the  sun;"  but  the  chemistry  of  cookery 
refutes  the  axiom;  for  when  the  Almanack  des 
Gourmands  wa3  published  by  De  Perigord,  peo- 
ple said  that  he  had  surely  expended  the  sum 
of  his  knowledge  on  the  dishes  contained  in  the 
first  year's  number;  but  another  year,  and  yet 
another,  saw  issuing  from  that  marvellous 
brain  of  that  prince  of  cooks  the  endless  coil  of 
gastronomic  delight,  until  even  variety  became 
monotonous,  and  the  traducers  of  the  art  were 
silenced. 

The  higher  the  state  of  civilization  in  any 
country,  the  greater  is  the  perfection  to  which 
the  art,  or  rather  the  science,  of  cookery  is 
brought;  for  cookery  is  more  a  science  than  an 
art,  the  result  of  study  than  of  natural  talent. 
The  untaught  cook  can  never  make  a  good  soup, 
and  a  lifelong  experience,  reflection,  study,  and 
practice,  are  necessary  to  produce  a  Careme,  a 
Ude,  or  a  Gouffe\  There  is  very  imich  to  be 
said  in  favor  of  the  simple  and  undisguised 
form  of  good  cookery,  and  in  adapting  the  art 
to  the  refinements  of  civilization,  we  contend 
that  we  are  reducing,  not  increasing,  the  chance 
of  indigestion;  while  on  the  one  hand  we  would 
avoid  the  meagre  fare  of  a  miser,  on  the  other  we 
would  inveigh  against  the  coarse  gluttony  of  a 
gourmand.  The  leg  of  mutton  in  the  hands  of 
a  French  woman  forms  a  delicious  tureen  of  pal- 
atable and  nourishing  soup,  as  well  as  a  sub- 
stantial joint,  as  bouilli  or  braise ;  but  our  Amer- 
ican woman's  ideas  rarely  rise  above  the  oven; 
and  the  result  is  too  often  an  unpalatable, 
greasy  dish,  of  which  all  that  can  be  said  is, 
that  it  stays  the  cravings  of  hunger  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  digestive  organs.  Our  cookery 
m  lodging  houses  is  detestable,  and  may  be 
summed  up  in  one  word — grease.  In  our  mid- 
dle classes  very  little  skill  is  shown  in  the  prep- 
aration of  food,  and  amongst  the  poor  none 
whatever. 

In  cases  of  extreme  debility,  good  cookery  is 
a  sine  qua  non  to  recovery ;  the  invalid  cannot 
digest  the  greasy,  nauseous  beef -tea  of  ordinary 
life;  and  the  weak,  washy  stuff,  too  often  im- 
bibed, has  led,  if  not  to  the  utter  prostration  of 
many  an  already  declining  constitution,  at  least 
to  a  dangerous  state  of  wild  irritation  in  the 
digestive  organs.  Hence  our  medical  men  refer 
then?  patients  to  the  great  invention  of  the 
world-renowned  Liebig;  but  speaking  as  a  prac- 
tical cook,  I  unhesitatingly  assert  the  superior- 
ity, both  in  flavor  and  nutritive  properties  of 
good  beef-tea  made  scientifically  from  fresh 
beef,  over  any  concentrated  essence  of  beef  yet 
invented. 

The  reasons  for  this  are  many  and  obvious, 
as  the  process  of  strong  concentration  must 
destroy  in  some  degree  the  delicate  nature  of 
the  essences  of  the  meat.  But  we  must 
leave,  as  we  have  before  said,  the  sub- 
ject of  dietetic  chemistry  in  the  hands  of 
abler  and  more  expert  advocates — men  who 
have  given  their  time  and  attention  to  it.  Yet 
in  the  discussion  of  our  subject  we  must  trench 
a  little  upon  it,  as  chemistry  and  cookery  are 
twin  sciences,  if  not  branches  of  the  one  and 
the  same  science;  for  the  skilled  cook,  like  the 
chemist,  amalgamates  his  materials  with  a  due 
regard  to  their  different  natures,  and  at  such 
periods  in  the  process  of  cooking  as  careful 
consideration  has  taught  him  will  render  them 
most  amenable  to  the  chemical  action  of  fire ; 
any  deviation  from  the  proper  quantities,  time, 
or  degree  of  heat,  are  fatal  to  success,  and 
would  produce  a  totally  different  result,  in  many 
instances,  from  that  desired.  Hence  the  neces- 
sity for  much  care  and  study,  ere  the  tyro  ven- 
tures to  essay  his  skill  in  the  practice  of  the 
culinary  art. 

If  we  admit  the  primary  expense  of  good 
cookery  (which  we  do  not),  we  say  that  it  is 
most  economical  in  the  long  run,  for  it  will  be 
found  to  reduce  the  doctor's  bill;  and  no  one  is 
louder  in  praise  of  scientific  cookery  artistically 
administered  than  the  medical  man  of  the  pres- 
ent day.  "We  think  that  enough  has  been 
urged  for  the  cause  of  cookery,  to  persuade  our 
readers  that  this  is  a  subject  of  vital  importance 
to  them  all,  and  may  claim  as  much  of  their  at- 
tention as  any  other  phase  of  sanitary  reform, 
or  any  o/aestion  of  public  safety.— Food  Journal , 


The  Tea  Hour. 

The  tea  hour,  in  thousands  of  happy  homes, 
is  the  hour  of  the  day  looked  forward  to  with 
most  intense  delight,  as  it  calls  around  the 
table  the  members  of  the  household  after  the 
various  cares  and  labors  of  the  day  are  com- 
pleted, and  a  season  of  rest  and  social  inter- 
course is  anticipated.  The  dining  hour  is  with 
most  people  the  time  when  the  appetite  is  crav- 
ing, and  the  sense  of  hunger  is  apt  to  beget  a 
considerable  amount  of  impatience  or  perhaps 
fretfulness. 

If  there  is  any  hour  in  the  day  when  the  man 
of  business  is  unamiable  or  testy  under  his  own 
roof,  it  is  just  before  dinner,  when  he  is  wait- 
ing for  the  signal  which  is  to  summon  the  fam- 
ily to  the  dining  room.  Children,  guided  by 
their  quick  instincts,  seldom  ask  for  favors  at 
such  unpropitious  moments ;  and  often  family 
pets,  the  dogs  and  cats,  learn  to  skulk  away 
into  some  quiet  corner,  and  wait  until  the  meal 
has  fairly  begun,  before  they  venture  to  in- 
trude themselves  into  chairs,  or  come  within 
reach  of  the  paternal  boots. 

Dinner  may  be  called  the  business  meal;  it  is 
the  one  which  requires  the  most  labor  and  ex- 
pense to  provide,  and  it  is  too  apt  to  be  par- 
taken of  when  the  mind  is  loaded  with  the  bus- 
iness perplexities  of  the  day.  In  the  nature  of 
things  it  cannot  be  the  season  when  the  family 
shut  themselves  in  from  the  outside  world,  and. 
turn  the  current  of  their  thoughts  upon  pleasant 
themes. 

At  breakfast  there  is  more  or  less  hurry. 
The  mind,  refreshed  with  sleep,  is  elastic,  con- 
fident, eager  to  encounter  the  labors  and  duties 
which  have  come  with  the  rooming  sunlight, 
and  there  is  little  inclination  to  talk  or  think  of 
other  matters  than  those  which  are  connected 
with  the  work  of  the  day.  It  must  be  con- 
ceded, that  in  this  country  the  tea  hour  is  the 
time,  aud  the  tea  table  the  place  for  the  intro- 
duction of  topics  of  conversation  which  require 
a  forgetfulness  of  everything  that  is  personal 
or  selfish.  It  is  peculiarly  the  time  and  place 
for  social  converse  upon  the  wonderful  and 
beautiful  things  in  Nature,  which  modern  re- 
search has  so  clearly  unfolded,  and  which  when 
understood  are  so  well  calculated  to  make  us 
not  only  wiser  but  better. — Journal  of  Gh&nis- 
P'V- 

In  view  of  the  above  is  it  not  the  duty  of 
every  parent  to  introduce  at  the  table  topics  of 
conversation  such  as  will  interest  and  improve 
the  minds  of  the  younger  members  of  the  fam- 
ily ?  Every  number  of  the  Press  contains 
many  articles  which  might  be  profitably  intro- 
duced as  the  basis  of  such  conversations. 
There  is  no  family  which  may  not  be  made 
wiser,  happier  and  better  by  having  its  thoughts 
while  at  the  table  turned  upon  interesting  facts 
in  science  and  art,  as  presented  in  the  various 
useful  and  instructive  publications  now  being 
constantiy  thrown  off  from  the  weekly  periodi- 
cals of  the  day. 

Boulli. — This  term  is  rather  a  misnomer; 
since  boulli  is  understood  usually,  like  "con- 
somme," to  mean  that  portion  of  meat  which 
is  left  from  the  soup  and  is  served  at  the  same 
time.    However  here  is  my  boulli : 

To  eight  pounds  of  beef  put  three  quarts  of 
water,  two  onions,  four  carrots,  three  parsnips, 
three  stalks  (or  celery  leaves)  of  celery,  quarter 
of  a  head  of  cabbage,  (which  may  be  left  out,) 
three  tomatoes,  one  pod  of  red  pepper,  parsley 
and  allspice — beans  and  ochre  are  an  improve- 
ment. Cover  close  and  boil  all  together  for 
four  hours — put  in  four  potatoes  and  boil  an 
hour  longer — then  take  out  the  vegetables, 
mash  them,  add  butter  rolled  in  flour  to  thicken 
the  gravy;  return  all  to  the  pot  and  serve  meat 
and  gravy  on  the  same  dish.  In  all  soups  and 
stews,  a  common  fault  is  too  little  water  at  first, 
and  then  adding  to  the  quantity,  and  fast  boil- 
ing in  an  open  pot,  will  spoil  many  a  good  dish. 
Of  course  in  this  as  in  most  other  things,  some 
judgment  must  be  used  and  different  tastes 
consulted,  and  many  would  doubtless  prefer 
double  the  number  of  vegetables.  The  beef 
may  be  from  the  round,  rump  or  brisket. — Ex. 

Potato  Salad. — Any  one  who  has  eaten  po- 
tato salad  at  a  Parisian  hotel  will  be  glad  to  try 
it  after  he  gets  home.  The  following  is  a  good 
formula  for  the  simple  but  delicious  prepara- 
tion. Cut  ten  tor  twelve  cold  boiled  potates 
into  slices  from  a  quarter  to  half  an  inch  thick; 
put  into  a  salad  bowl  with  four  tablespoonfuls 
of  tarragon  or  plain  vinegar,  six  tablespoonfuls 
of  best  salad  oil,  one  teaspoonful  of  minced 
parsely,  and  pepper  and  salt  to  taste;  stir  well, 
that  all  be  thoroughly  mixed.  It  should  be 
made  two  or  three  hours  before  needed  on  the 
the  table.  Anchovies,  olives,  or  any  pickles 
may  be  added  to  the  salad,  and  also  bits  of  cold 
beef,  chicken  or  turkey  if  desired;  but  it  is 
excellent  without  these. 

Syrup  op  Coffee. — This  preparation  is  of 
great  use  to  those  who  have  long  journeys  to 
make.  Take  half  a  pound  of  the  best  ground 
coffee;  put  it  into  a  saucepan,  containing  three 
pints  of  water,  and  boil  it  down  to  one  pint. 
Cool  the  liquor,  put  it  into  another  saucepan, 
well  scoured,  and  boil  it  again.  As  it  boils, 
add  white  sugar  enough  to  give  it  the  consist- 
ency of  syrun.  Take  it  from  the  fire,  and  when 
it  is  cold  put  it  into  a  bottle  and  seal.  When 
traveling,  if  you  wish  for  a  cup  of  good  coffee, 
you  have  only  to  put  two  teaspoonfuls  of  the 
syrup  into  an  ordinary  coffee-pot,  and  fill  with 
boiling  water.  Add  milk  to  taste,  if  you  can 
get  it. 


How  the  Chinese  Make  Tea. 

Among  the  newspaper  articles  floating  around 
the  country  and  turning  up  periodically  is  one 
entitled  "How  different  nations  make  tea."  It 
commences  thus:  "The  Chinese  place  the  tea 
in  a  cup,  pour  boiling  water  upon  it,  and  drink 
the  infusion  off  the  leaves. ' '  Now  this  is  wholly 
erroneous.  The  Chinese  method  is  far  superior 
to  that  commonly  followed  in  the  United  States 
and  Europe  for  "  drawing  tea."  They  take  no 
sugar  or  milk  in  their  tea,  and  never  boil  the 
leaves,  thereby  dissipating  all  the  delicate  aroma, 
as  we  do.  They  have  a  small  basket,  lined  with 
woolen  felt,  from  an  inch  to  two  inches  in 
thickness,  and  with  a  cover  padded  in  the  same 
manner.  Into  this  a  tea-pot  of  common  China 
porcelain  is  fitted  tightly.  When  tea  is  to  be 
drawn,  they  put  the  dry  leaves  into  the  porce- 
lain tea-pot,  pour  boiling  water  upon  them,  put 
on  the  lid,  and  close  the  felt-lined  cover  of  the 
basket  tightly  down  upon  it.  The  felt  retains 
the  heat  for  from  six  to  twelve  hours,  and  at 
any  time  during  the  day  you  can  pour  a  cup  of 
tea,  scalding  hot,  fresh,  clear  and  deliciously 
aromatic,  from  the  nose  of  the  tea-kettle,  which 
protrudes  from  a  hole  through  the  side  of  the 
basket.  Fuel  is  thus  economized,  and  the  tea 
is  infinitely  better  than  can  be  produced  from 
the  same  grade  of  leaves  by  any  other  process. 
This  tea-pot  and  basket  can  be  procured  at  any 
first-class  Chinese  store,  and  a  single  trial  will 
satisfy  the  most  skeptical  that  our  housewives 
are  far  behind  the  semi-barbarians  of  the  Ori- 
ent in  this  branch  of  their  business.  We  do  a 
little  better  on  coffee ;  but  still,  as  a  rule,  we  are 
far  behind  the  natives  of  coffee-producing  coun- 
tries in  preparing  it  for  the  table;  and  choco- 
late, the  most  delicate  and  nourishing  of  all  the 
bibulous  luxuries  of  the  table,  we  utterly  ruin. 
— Gall. 


The  Farmer's  Own  Pudding-. — Threepounds 
sifted  corn  meal,  three-quarters  of  a  pound 
finely  minced  beef  suet,  one  pound  dried  cur- 
rants, (well-washed  and  rubbed  dry,)  one-half 
teaspoonful  of  soda,  (supercarbonate;)  incor- 
porate the  whole,  while  dry,  and  add  one  and  a 
half  pints  of  molasses,  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
boiling  water,  stirring  hard  all  the  time  until 
the  mixture  is  of  the  consistency  of  common 
mush :  stand  over  night  in  a  moderately  warm 
place;  next  morning  tie  it  in  a  wide-mouthed 
bag,  leaving  it  full  space  to  swell;  boil  inces- 
santly four  or  five  hours  (a  plate  placed  in  the 
bottom  of  the  pot;)  served  with  boiled  or  hard 
sauce,  according  to  taste,  the  same  as  with  pud- 
ing.  By  many,  this  pudding  is  considered  even 
better  when  heaten  in  the  oven  next  day.  The 
above  recipe  makes  a  quantity  sufficient  for 
twenty  people. 

Prepared  Corn-cors. — A  very  convenient 
kindling  wood  is  made  in  France  from  corn- 
cobs, by  immersing  them  in  a  mixture  of  sixty 
parts  of  melted  resin  and  forty  parts  of  tar;  after 
which  they  are  taken  out  and  allowed  to  dry. 
They  are  then  subjected  to  a  second  operation, 
which  consists  in  spreading  them  out  on  a 
metallic  plate  heated  to  212°  F.  They  are 
finally  assorted  according  to  size,  and  tied  up 
in  bundles.  These  are  sold  at  the  rate  of  three 
or  four  for  a  cent.  The  establishment  in  Paris 
for  manufacturing  them  employs  thirty  work- 
men, and  effects  sales  to  the  amount  of  $40,000 
annually. 

A  Kelish  for  Breakfast  or  Lunch. — Take  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  good,  fresh  cheese;  cut 
it  up  into  thin  slices  and  put  in  a  spider,  turn- 
ing over  it  a  large  cupful  of  sweet  milk;  add  a 
quarter  of  a  teaspoonful  of  dry  mustard,  a  dash 
of  pepper,  a  little  salt,  and  a  piece  of  butter  as 
large  as  a  butternut;  stir  the  mixture  all  the 
time.  Have  at  hand  three  Boston  crackers  fine- 
ly powdered  or  rolled,  and  sprinkle  them  in 
gradually;  as  soon  as  they  are  stirred  in,  turn 
;he  contents  into  a  warm  dish  and  serve. 


Sweet  Potato  Balls. — First  boil  the  po- 
tatoes, then  carefully  mash  the  farinaceous  part. 
Boil  in  the  mean  time  a  pint  of  milk,  put  in 
some  lemon  peel,  a  couple  of  small  lumps  of 
sugar,  and  a  little  salt.  When  the  milk  boils, 
take  it  off  of  the  fire  and  add  the  potatoes,  so 
as  to  form  a  paste,  or  rather  a  tolerably  thick 
mush.  When  cool,  make  it  into  balls;  cover 
these  with  crumbs  of  bread  and  yolk  of  egg. 
Fry  to  a  nice  brown  color,  and  serve  up  with 
sugar  strewed  over  them. 

Influence  of  Wives. — It  was  not  all  a 
dream  which  made  the  wife  of  Julius  Cae- 
sar so  anxious  that  he  should  not  go  to 
the  State  Chamber  on  the  fatal  Ides  of 
March;  had  he  complied  with  her  entreat- 
ies, he  might  have  escaped  the  dagger  of 
Brutus.  Disaster  seemed  to  follow  disas- 
ter in  the  career  of  Napoleon  from  the 
time  he  ceased  to  feel  the  balance  wheel  of 
Josephine's  influence  on  his  impetuous 
spirit.  General  Washington,  when  im- 
portant questions  were  submitted  to  him, 
often  has  said  that  he  should  like  to  carry 
the  subject  to  his  bed-chamber  before  he 
formed  his  decisions;  and  those  who  knew 
the  clear  judgment  and  elevated  purpose 
of  Mrs.  Washington  thought  all  the  better 
of  him  for  wishing  to  make  her  his  confi- 
dential counsellor.  Indeed,  the  great  ma- 
jority of  men  who  have  acquired  for  them- 
selves a  great  and  good  name,  were  not 
only  married  men,  but  happily  married — 
both  paired  and  matched. 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransomes    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  18C2 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
EEIOYAL, 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORN  \ MENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMcTfcKY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.     Send  for  Circular.  5v24-3anislamrly 

The  California  Powder  Works 

No.  S14    CALIFORNIA    8TRJEBT, 

BAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

And.    331L.A.STING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  inevety 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three     Gold    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for  the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  alBO  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blabtin 
ponder,  thus  making  it  vaBtly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 

Dupont' s  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

-AND  — 

WINCHESTEE  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1 
2,  3  aud  4,  in  1  lb.  and  J3  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  if  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  X 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  ETJSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal.  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's  Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  RifleB— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines — Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonrts. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Oo.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 
5v24-6m-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.    Address 
6-v24-sa 


A  person  who  ie 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
DweUings.Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corp.  rationB  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
HaB  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure    good    satisfac- 

EDW.    W.    TIFFT, 
No.  626  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco. 


BCT   BARBER'S   BIT    BRACE. 


April  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


235 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
S  T  A.  T  I  H'C  I  I '  1    V  >'. 

Report*  and  estimates  made  about  all  dt-p.rtm.nu  ot 
Production,  Commerce,  and  Manufacture,  of  111,-  Paelflo 
Coaat.  SV-'l-.f 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Sargreon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 

No.  102  Stockton  utrett Bon  Francisco,  Cal. 

t&~  Surgical   cues  from  the  country  received  and 
treated  at  the  Homeopftthlc  Hospital. 

All  letters  UMwer*.-d  promptly. 


OILK0    U.  UttT.  JINIi  It,    BATk*. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTOR  EHBlTfl  AS  I>  COLWS  I  :  LORS  AT  LAW, 

In  Building  of  Pacific   In-mrance  Co.   K.    E.  corner  Call 

'on. la  an     L«ldi;»dor(t»iroeU, 

KAN  PRANOICO. 

Spectacles   My  Specialty. 


C.  MULLER,  Opticlnu. 
205  Montgomery  street,  Buss  Block. 


JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429    Montgomery    Street. 

8.  W.  corner  Sacramento. 
Surveying  Irutrumuiiu  maile,  repaired  and  adjusted 


N.    P.    LAN  GLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood   Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SAWYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Fhancisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St.,  bet.  First  and  Second, 
21v23-tf  Sacbam.  mo. 


Wit.   BARTIalira.  HE.IRf    KIMBALL. 

BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers , 

6>Ou>  (Jluy  acreet.  (Houthweat  cor.  Sunsome), 
lfivlZ-Sm  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


8A.1V    FRANCISCO 

C  O  R  D  A  G  E     C  O  M  P  A  N  Y  . 

Manila  Ropo  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Hope  and  Wnale 
Lino  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Hopes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TOBBS  S  CO.,  Agents, 

36  Cll  and  613  Front  street. 

H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather   Belting   and    Hose, 

HYDIUITIJO  HOSE.  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


J.  F.  PAG-ES, 

S  1HAL      ENGRAVER, 
AND  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  COS  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange    Bank 

OF    SAN    FKANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

R.N.  TAN  BRUNT Cashier. 

BANKING/  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOR— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  arid  ftlso  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  Det.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

257-23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum   Pipe   Manufacturer, 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 


FISHER'S 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AMD 

NOZZLE 

IS  TUB 

Cheapest  and    Best 

Hydraulic  Machinu 

in  ue. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OEDEE, 

to    throw    from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

8TREA  M. 


The  only  reliable  party  In  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  hlB  patrons. 
9v33-fcf  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


No.    341     KEARNY    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  ConBt. 
Mbersohaumb  Mounted  with  Silveb.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS.  TAKE  NOTICE- 1  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, sellinu  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  k 
J.  duly  and  Richard  lioxkln,  as  the  wuno  is  an  Infringement  upon  the  Invention  of  tho  machine  known  us  FISH- 
BS*a  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dee.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
In  Bach  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos. 
8BAND,   SQTJABE  AND  UTBIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let.  E^fe^ 

A.    HETMAH, 
I  street,  between* Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mal8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Saoeamentp. 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST   PREMIUM 
American  Institute,  1867  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MANTJFACTTTRER 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-Acting 

Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED    IN      ENGLAND,     BELGIUM     AND 
FItANCE.      SEND   FOE   CLRCULAK, 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hammers, 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

t^"  Send  for  Circulars.  13v24-3m 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBTJRGr,    PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $25,  $35,  $40,  $55  and  $100.    DIAMOND  TURN 
ING  TOOLS,  $15  each. 


SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From   40   centB   to   $113   each. 

Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  "Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  "WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  "WOOD  "WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

13v24-tf 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Mpf        Wiy.2  Fiy.3  $ttf.£ 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery-Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  Btamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


MOLDING,    MOBTISIffG, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  Raixboad,  Cab.  and  Agbi- 
crjLTxmAL  Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
BEST1  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

J.   A.  FAY  &   CO., 

14v24-6m  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


JTJST    ISSUED. 

New,  Enlarged  and  Improved  Edition  of 
Nystrom's    Mechanics. 

A  Pocket  Book  of 

MECHANICS    AND    ENGINEERING, 

Containing  a  Memorandum  of  Facts,  and  Connection  of 
Practice  and  Theory;  abounding  in  Valuable  Formula 
and  Important  Information  concerning  a  Great  Variety 
of  Technical  Operations,  By  John  W.  Nystrom,  C.  E. 
Eleventh  Edition.  Revised,  and  Greatly  Enlarged  by 
the  addition  of  Original  Matter.  16mo.,  Pocket-book 
form,  gilt  edges.    $3.60. 

FULLY    ILLUSTRATED. 
For  sale  by  Booksellers  generally,  or  will  be  sent  by 
mail,  postage  prepaid,  on  receipt  of  the  price  by 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  &   CO.,  Publishers, 
715  and  717  Market  street,  Philadelphia. 
14v24-4t 


Important    to    Miners. 

FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans7    Under    Current    and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 
For  particulars  address 

WATERS  <&  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 

3v24-3m 


RICHARD  H.   STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 

City    anil    County    Surveyor. 

Office— Room  10,  City  Hall.  Ilv24-3m 


CRAIG    &    BREVOORT'S 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 


NO.    1. 

Tho  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  In- 
tended to  be  attached  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  bringing  it  within  the  clans  of  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  Bpeaklng,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  its  work  in  tho  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  is  con- 
ducted to  the  condenser,  on  its  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  tho  pump,  and  is  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  section  of  the 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

The  flange  D  Is  bolted  to  the  suction  oriflco  of  the 
pump,  and  the  flange  S  to  the  pipe  leading  to  thewelL. 
or  whatever  source  of  supply  the  pump  may  have;  W  ia 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  the  suction  pipe,  8,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  CondenBer,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  flout  F;  the  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valve  to  enlarge  or  contract  the  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  Tho  pipe  P,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  as 
guide  to  float  F. 

The  valve,  C,  (Bhovra  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem — shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
tho  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  ia  attached. 


Mf\_ 


NO.   2. 

The  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  side  of  the  steam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  H  at  any  time  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhaust  pipe, 
Into  such  a  position  as  to  causa  the  steam  cy'inder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  done  the 
pump  is  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
If  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  iB  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled* 

'"  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  meritB. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  Bteam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows; 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plateB  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  aregular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  some  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  80  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY. 

118  Front  street,  San  Fbanoisco. 

Patent  Oombination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam,  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 


12vS3-3m 


J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 
of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  616  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v24-3m 


236 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  13,  1872. 


Starlight  G.  &  S.  M.  Co. 

Among  the  numerous  enterprises  that 
have  taken  new  life  within  the  past  few 
months,  we  are  assured  that  none  desire 
the  -confidence  of  the  public  more  than  the 
"Starlight  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Co., 
situated  in  Humboldt  Mining  District, 
Humboldt  county,  Nevada.  The  Compa- 
ny's property  consists  of  three  mines,  loca- 
ted in  1862,  and  they  have  lately  acquired 
a  fourth  by  purchase.  The  company  was 
organized  in  March,  1863,  and  work  com- 
menced immediately,  but  in  the  former 
way  of  going  below  the  mine  and  starting 
a  tunnel  before  the  mine  was  reached,  the 
funds  were  exhausted  ;  assessments  were 
levied  and  not  paid,  and  the  property  re- 
verted to  the  few  who  located  the  mines, 
and  knew  their  value.  In  February  of  this 
year,  the  company  reorganized,  and  be- 
came a  live  company.  On  the  first  of 
March    work    was.    commenced   on   the 

Starlight  Mine 
By  sinking  on  the  lode.  The  shaft 
is  now  down  GO  feet;  they  have  a  well- 
defined  vein  four  feet  in  width,  running 
north  and  south,  nearly  vertical/dipping 
slightly  into  the  hill ;  the  quartz  is  of  a 
pink  or  rose  color,  and  interspersed  with 
mineral.  Professor  Silliman  examined 
this  mine  in  October,  1864;  he  reports  the 
following : 

On  its  out-crop,  this  vein  is  seen  cutting 
the  quartzite  in  which  it  is  found — with  a 
course  in  the  main,  northwest  and  dipping 
southeast  about  eight  degrees  from  the 
vertical.  It  has  been  opened  at  this  place 
by  a  shaft  sunk  in  the  adjacent  rock,  27  ft. 
deep.  From  the  bottom  of  this  shaft  a 
cross  cut  has  been  run  east — to  cut  the 
lode — which  is  here  found  to  be  five  feet 
wide,  the  wall  rock  is  feldsite.  The  asso- 
ciate minerals  in  the  lode  are  free  gold  in 
small  particles,  with  iron  pyrites ;  also 
galena  which  is  auriferous  and  argentife- 
rous and  a  little  copper  pyrites  and  zinc 
blende.  A  sample^for  assay  and  working 
test  whioh  was  made  up  from  the  vein 
stuff  collected  from  this  location,  gave  the 
following  result:  Gold  $47. 75;  silver  $10. 53; 
total,  $58.29  to  thetonof  2,000  lbs.  A  tun- 
nel is  also  started,  calculated  to  strike  the 
vein  411  ft.  below  the  surface,  and  is  now 
in  460  ft.  The  rock  through  which  the 
tunnel  was  driven,  is  a  hard  bluish 
quartzose  feldsite  carrying  some  blende, 
galena,  yellow  copper,  and  veins  of  calca- 
reous spar. 

The  mine  is  situated  within  three  miles 
of  Humboldt  station,  on  the  CentralPacific 
Eailroad,  with  a  good  wagon  road  to  it;  the 
canon  abounds  in  springs,  a  portion  of  the 
water  of  which  is  carried  to  the  station  for 
the  use  of  the  railroad  and  irrigation.  All 
trains  stop  at  the  station,  and  make  the 
distance  from  San  Francisco  in   24  hours. 

The  Madre  Lode, 

Becently  purchased  by  the  Starlight  Com- 
pany, lies  in  Florida  Canon,  one  mile  from 
Humboldt  station,  and  about  the  same  dis- 
tance from  the  Starlight  lode.  Professor 
Silliman  who  examined  this  lode  in  1864, 
says:  "This  gigantic  gold  quartz  lode, 
lying  in  the  western  slope  of  the  main 
Humboldt  range,  is  situated  in  the  Canon 
next  south  of  Humboldt  Canon,  and  at  an 
estimated  hight  of  600  ft.  from  the  river. 
The  lode  runs  north  and  south,  and  is  at 
least  80  ft.  wide  on  the  croppings.  These 
croppings  are  on  a  scale  of  magnitude  sel- 
dom seen  anywhere.  The  quartz  is  varie- 
gated in  color,  and  shows  cavities  from 
decomposition  of  sulphurets.  It  does  not 
show  free  gold  to  the  naked  eye,  but  a 
careful  examination  detects  minute  parti- 
cles. The  amount  of  quartz  available  by 
simply  quarrying  on  this  long  extended 
out  crop  is  something  surprising,  and  is  at 
least  adequate  to  the  supply  of  a  20-stamp 
mill  for  years  without  deep  mining. 

A  sample  of  this  quartz  made  up  by 
breaking  fragments  promiscuously  from 
various  parts  of  the  surface  in  a  working 
test  in  a  mill,  gave  to  the  ton  of  2,000  lbs, 
gold,  $41.37;  silver,  $4 18; total,  $44.55.  By 
fire  assay  the  same  sample  gave  $57.78.  No 
metallic  particles  could  be  seen  in  the  sam- 
ples selected.  The  lode  is  peculiarly  situ- 
ated for  economical  working.  It  is  ap- 
proached by  a  gentle  grade  down  which 
the  quartz  can  be  taken  to  the  mill  by  a 
natural  roadway,  no  grading  being  neces- 
sary. The  total  cost  of  treating  the  rock 
may  be  stated  as  follows  :  Assuming  that 
the  quartz  is  quarried  off  the  surface  for 
which  there  is  an  abundant  supply. 


Breaking  out  and  loading  quartz  perton.   $2  50 

Hauling  to  mill 1  00 

Machinery  including  mercury 1  00 

Labor,  say  3  men  per  day  and  30  tons 

crushed 2  50 

Total $7  00 

In  view  of  the  history  of  other  gold-bear- 
ing out-crops  in  Nevada,  the  "Madre"  may 
prove  a  silver-bearing  vein  in  depth.  In 
point  of  strength  of  out-crop,  it  is  more 
like  the  Gold  Hill  mines  than  anything  I 
have  seen  elsewhere  in  Nevada.  I  am  able 
to  add  to  these  statements  that  I  saw  noth- 
ing in  the  Humboldt  range,  which  ap- 
peared to  hold  out  such  good  promise  of 
early  return  for  capital  and  labor  expended 
as  the  Madre  Lode.     Its  advantages  are: 

1st.  Its  great  magnitude  and  consequent 
abundance  of  ore. 

2d.  Its  accessibility  and  easy  approach. 

2d.  Its  comparative  richness  in  gold,  and 
the  simplicity  of  the  process  of  amalgama- 
tion, all  the  metals  existing  as  free  metals. 

It  is  therefore  quite  plain  that  if  the 
"Madre"  continues  to  hold  its  superficial 
promise,  it  can  "be  made  a  rich  paying 
mine. 


Mining    Accidents. 

Gen.  A.  L.  Page,  superintendent  of  the  In- 
gomar  mine  was  severely  bruised  on  the  21st 
ult.  by  beingprecipitated  down  a  shaft,  through 
the  disarrangement  of  the  hoisting  gear.  The 
brake  strap  was  defective  and  gave  way,  letting 
him  down  at  fearful  speed.  The  lower  part  of 
his  body  was  bruised  very  badly. 

At  the  Eureka  mine  in  Grass  galley  a  short 
time  since  William  Bowe  sustained  injuries  in 
his  right  eye  by  being  struck  with  a  piece  of 
rock. 

A  miner  was  severely  hurt  in  Marcellu's  dig- 
gings on  the  3d  inst.  according  to  the  Nevada 
Gazette,  by  a  defective  blast. 

The  Missoula  Pioneer,  says  that  a  miner, 
name  unknown  was  killed  by  a  cave  in  Deep 
Guloh.M.  T.,  recently. 

A  man  named  Schroeder  was  killed  by  a 
cave  on  the  1st  inst.,  in  a  claim  near  Folsorn. 

Two  miners,  named  James  Sullivan  and 
Jeremiah  Blood  were  killed  by  a  cave  in  the 
Mount  Diablo  coal  mines  on  the  4th  inst. 


The  Guadalupe  Gold,  Silver  &  Coppee 
M.  Co. — This  Company  filed  their  certifi- 
cate of  incorporation,  March  30th,  1872, 
the  object  being  to  mine  for  the  precious 
metals  in  the  district  Comondu,  Lower 
California. 

They  have  a  capital  stock  of  $2,000,000, 
(instead  of  $200,000,  as  has  been  stated  in 
the  papers  of  this  city) ,  divided  into  20,- 
000  shares  of  $100  each,  and  have  placed 
5,000  shares  in  the  Treasury  to  be  sold  as 
a  working  capital,  with  the  expectation  of 
avoiding  the  necessity  of  ever  levying  an 
assessment  on  the  stock.  The  mine  has 
been  opened  to  the  depth  of  115  ft.  by  a 
main  shaft  sunk  on  the  course  of  the  ledge 
and  by  two  other  shafts  50  and  30  ft.  deep, 
500  ft.  apart  from  north  to  south,  each 
shaft  yielding  copper  of  90  per  cent.  Gold 
assaying  $60  per  ton  of  2,000  lbs,  and  sil- 
ver, $58.  "We  are  assured  that  this  is  no 
stock  gambling  institution,  but  that  the 
company  intend  to  proceed  immediately  to 
develop  the  mine.  We  understand  that 
Capt.  Wm.  Williams,  well-known  as  a  min- 
ing superintendent  on  this  coast,  is  to  have 
full  charge  of  the  mine,  the  best  guarantee 
that  the  mine  will  be  worked  legitimately, 
and  in  the  interests  of  the  stockholders. 
A.  G.  Wood,  No.  210  Battery  street,  is  the 
Secretary  of  the  Company,  to  whom  appli- 
cation can  be  made,  for  full  particulars. 

Oees  Sampled. — J.  "W.  Thurman,  413 
and  415  Mission  street,  crushed  and_samp- 
led  the  following  lots  of  ores  for  the  month 
of  March. 

294  sks.  Antimony,  Mill  City,  Nevada. 
1,054  8ks  Copper  ore,  Salt  Lake.  U.  T. 
2,200  BkB.  Copper  ore,  Battle  Mountain,  Nevada, 
142  sks.  Silver  ore,  Prescott  Dist.,  Arizona. 
302  BkB.  Silver  ore,  Arizona  Mill,  Nevada. 
741  sks.  Lead  and  Silver  ore,  White  Mine,  Battle  Mt. 
38  sks.  Silver  ore.  Eureka  Dist.,  Nevada. 
66  sks.  Silver  ore,  Clark  Dist.,  Arizona. 

4,837  BkB. 

The  above  copper  ore  from  Salt  Lake 
was  sold  in  this  market  for  Bluestone; 
the  2,200  from  Battle  Mountain,  copper, 
was  shipped  to  Liverpool  on  owners'  ac- 
count. All  the  above  lots  of  silver  ore 
were  purchased  by  shippers  and  shipped  to 
Liverpool.  Copper  ores  are  very  scarce 
at  this  time  and  there  is  a  good  demand 
both  for  shipment  and  manufacturing  into 
Bluestone. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco : 

Corona  Consolidated  M.  Co. — April  4.  Lo- 
cation: Eureka  District,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $5, 000,000,  in  50,000  shares.  Trustees 
—George  D.  Boberts,  H.  E.  Coon,  D.  H.  Hall, 
L.  S.  Adams  and  Henry  Dutton. 

Auburn  G.  M.  Co. — April  4.  Location: 
Placer  county,  California.  Capital  stock, 
$800,000,  in  8,000  shares.  Trustees— Geo.  D. 
Eoberts,  Henry  Baker,  Stephen  W.  Lee,  T.  G. 
Wright  and  J.  R.  Nickerson. 

Howiand  Tunnel  Co. — April  4.  Location: 
Utah.  Capital  stock,  $10,000,000,  in  100,000 
shares.  Trustees — S.  Hydenfeldt,  Joseph  Aaron, 
Michael  Castle,  J.  Steinhart,  and  W.  H.  How- 
land. 

Eliza  M.  and  M.  Co. — April  5.  Location: 
California.  Capital  stock,  5600,000.  Trus- 
tees— Geo.  W.  Marshall,  Archibald  C.  Peachy, 
Thomas  J.  Poulterer,  Mortiz  Mayblum  and  I. 
P.  Couch. 

Yuba  Geavel  M.  Co. — April  6.  Location: 
North  Bloomfield  or  Virgin  Valley  District,  Ne- 
vada county.  Capital  stock,  $300,000,  in  30,- 
000  shares.  Trustees — Thos.  B.  Hayes,  John 
Skinker,  C.  W.  Kellogg,  Charles  Hosmer  and 
D.  B.  MeKillecan. 

Utah  S.  M.  Co. — April8.  Location :  Virginia 
District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  2,000,000,  in 
20,000  shares.  Trustees — A.  K.  P.  Harmon, 
Chauncy  B.  Land  and  John  Skae. 

Othello  S.  M.  Co. — April  9.  Location: 
Ely  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,000,- 
000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trustees— George  D. 
Eoberts,  J.  D.  Fry,  M.  D.  Townsend,  Wm.  H. 
Sears  and  J.  B.  E.  Cavallier. 

Jolly  Tkavelee  M.  Co. — April  9.  Location: 
Ely  District,  Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— 
J.  A.  Pritchard,  A.  P.  Cox,  Geo.  A.  Treadwell, 

C.  H.  Bumsell  and  C.  W.  Band. 

Webfoot  M.  Co. — April  9.  Location :  Bail- 
road  District,  Elko  county,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $1,200,000,  in  12,000  shares.  Trustees 
— A.  J.  Boulstone,  Hiram  H.  Colley  and  A.  M. 
Hough. 

El  Doeado  South  Cousolidated  M.  Co. — 
April  9.  Location:  Philadelphia  M.  District, 
Nye  Co.  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  S4,000,000. 
Trustees — A.  Hayward,  W.  F.  Leon,  J.  S.  Slau- 
son,  H.  Epstein,  J.  Steinhart,  W.  S.  McCor- 
lnick  and  A.  H.  Butherford. 

Deseet  Consolidated  M.  Co. — April  9.  Lo- 
cation: Camp  Floyd  District,  Tooele  county, 
Utah.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000 
shares.  Trustees — E.  C.  Catherwood,  E.  B. 
Bail,  A.  J.  Bryant,  John  Harding  and  Harvey 
S.  Brown. 

Emeeald  G.  andS.  M.  Co. — April  10.  Loca- 
tion: El  Dorado  county,  Cal.  Capital  stock, 
$250,000,  in  2,500  shares.  Trustees— Richard 
O'Neill,  H.  P.  Wakelee,  Phillip  Cadue,  H.  W. 
Seale  and  Chas.  E.  McLane. 

Oeient  S.  M.  Co. — Filed  an  amended  certifi- 
cate of  incorporation,  April  10.  Location: 
Ely  Mining  District.  Capital  stock,  $2,000,000, 
in  20,000  shares.  Trustees — S.  A.  Raymond, 
Jame  A.  Pritchard,  James  Dods,  Andrew  Koh- 
ler  and  Wm.  Hazlehurst. 

An  amended  certificate  of  incorporation  of 
the  Maxim  Gas  Company  was  filed,  Mar.  10, 
which  increases  the  capital  stock  from  $600,000 
to  $1,200,000. 

Elections. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Arizona  &  Utah  min- 
ing Co.  held  on  the  Sth  inst.,  the  following 
Trustees  were  elected :    Jas.   A.   Pritchard,  M. 

D.  Townsend,  W.  F.  Meyers,  W.  H.  Sears  and 
N.  T.  Smith;  Jos.  Maguire  was  continued  as 
Secretary. 

The  Murphy  Mining  Co.  elected  the  following 
Trustees  on  the  10  inst.  Hill  Beachy  (Pres.), 
Thos.  Bell,  J.  H.  Boalt,  J.  W.  Gashwiler  and 
J.  D.  Hague.  P.  S.  Buckminster  was  contin- 
ued as  Superintendent  and  J.  L.  King  Secre- 
tary. 

W.  J.  Lee,  J.  E.  de  la  Montanya,  Delos 
Lake,  M.  Mayblum,  and  C.  O'Connor  were 
elected  Trustees  of  the  South  Emma  mining 
Co.  to-day. 

The  Hercules  Silver  mining  Co.  have  elected 
as  follows:  Henry  Baymond  (President),  W. 
H.  Sears,  C.  P.  Hall,  Geo  A.  Treadwell  and  J. 
T.  Milliken  (Secretary). 

Discoveries. — Placer  diggings  are  report- 
ed to  have  been  struck  about  13  miles  from 
San  Bernardino,  in  that  county.  Water 
being  scarce,  however,  they  can  only  be 
worked  in  winter. 

A  ledge  of  high  grade  smelting  ore  has 
been  discovered  in  the  Bnby  range,  north 
of  the  Buckeye  and  Champion  mines,  in 
Nevada. 

Quartz  containing  free  gold  is  reported 
to  have  been  found  within  a  mile  and  a 
half  of  San  Diego  City. 

Another  quicksilver  lead  has  been  dis- 
covered 7  or  8  miles  from  Cloverdale,  be- 
tween Sulphur  and  Squaw  Creeks,  in  Napa 
County. 

A  dispatch  from  Los  Angelos  dated 
10th  inst.  says  that  there  is  a  reported  dis- 
covery of  tin  and  silver  in  the  hills  south 
of  Cucomongo,  near  the  Bubidoux 
rancho.  Thirty  men  are  now  prospecting 
the  hills.  A  ledge  was  found  on  Monday 
last.  The  locality  bas  been  traditionally 
reported  to  be  rich  in  mineral  wealth. 


Pacific  Saw  Manufacturing  Co. — We 
have  received  from  the  Pacific  Saw  Manu- 
facturing Co.  and  N.  W.  Spaulding,  their 
new  price  list  and  circular.  This  circular 
gives  a  plain  and  succint  description  of  the 
saw  manufacturing  business  on  this  coast. 
Although  intended  as  a  price  list  of  the 
goods  made  by  the  company,  it  never- 
theless contains  matters  of  especial  inter- 
est to  every  sawyer  and  millman,  or  those 
in  any  way  connected  with  the  business. 
The  trade  of  this  firm  has  become  wide  and 
extensive,  and  their  enterprise  and  supe- 
rior workmanship,  we  are  pleased  to  learn, 
have  driven  foreign  goods  from  the  market. 
The  circular  contains  tables  for  the  meas- 
urement of  logs  up  to  96  inches  in  diame- 
ter, which  must  prove  valuable  to  mill- 
men.  The  circular  is  illustrated  with  nu- 
merous cuts,  showing  the  rooms  of  the 
factory,  the  process  of  making  saws,  saw- 
teeth, saw-machinery,  and  it  presents  the 
neatest  and  best  typographical  appearance 
of  any  similar  publication  we  have  ever 
seen.  It  was  printed  by  Spaulding  & 
Barto.  A  large  portion  of  the  edition  will 
be  furnished  for  Eastern  circulation 
through  the  branch  establishment  of  the 
house  here. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory — Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Corapiled^weekly  from  advertisements  In  the  SorEN. 
tifio  Pbess  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAY  DAT 

DATE  OF  ASSESSMENT.  DELINQUENT.      OF  BALE. 

Alps  S.  M.  Co.  Nev.,  March  1,  75c April  9 — April  30 

Bloomfield  Gravel  M.Co.  Cal.,  Fob.  23,$3.Mar.27— Apr.  13 
Buckeye  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  23.S1.25.... April  26— May  15 
Cons.Virginia  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  19,  $3.Apr.  24— May  18 
Daney  M.  Co.,  Lyon  Co.,  April  3,  $1.50... May  9— May  27 

Francis  M.  Co..  Cal.,  April  6.  $1 May  14— June  4* 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nov.,  Jan.  30,  $15 Mar.  4— April  26 

Grand  Duke  M.  Co.,  U.  T.,  Mar.  5,  25c.  .April  15— May  15 

Ida  Elmore,  Idaho,  March  6.  S3 April  11— May  10 

Ingomar  S.  M.  Co.,  Ely,  April  2,  25c May  8— May  31* 

Hanh  &  Hunt  S.M.Co.,Nev.,Mar.20,  25c.  .Apr.29--May  27 

Jackson  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  3,  25c May  6— May  25 

Knickerbocker,  M.  Co.Nev.,  Mar.  23, 50c. .Apr .27— May  17 
Lemon  M.  and  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Apr  1,  SI.. May  7-Jun  12 

Louisi  M.  Co.,  Nevada,  April  6, 10c May  14 -June  10 

Lyons  &  Wheeler  Co.,  A.  T.,  April  6, 10c. May  15-June  3* 
Mahogany  M.  Co.,  I.  T.,  April  3,  S1.50. .  .May  11— June  3 

MarcelinaS.  M.  Co.  Mar.  8, 10c April  15— May  7* 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Apr.  3,  30c...  May 6—  May  22* 
Nevada  L.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  March  28,  4c.  .May2,  May  24* 
Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe,  May  12,  S2.Ap  15 — May8* 
OphirS.  &  G.  M.  Co.  Cal.  Mar.  18,  20c.  April  20— May  7 
Overman  S.  M.  Co,  Gold  Hill,  Mar.  18,  S4.Apr.13— May  13 
Pacific  Borax  Co..  Nev.  Feb.  23,  15c. .March  28— April  16 
Peter  Walter  M.  Co.  Placer  Co.  Mar.  11,  Sl.Apr.18— May  6 

Phoenix  S.  M.,  Nov.,  Mar.  19,  75c April  24— May  15 

Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Feb.  25,  $5. .April  6— May  6* 
Quail  Hill M.&  W.  Co.,  Cal.  Feb.  1 5.S5,  Mar.  26— April  16* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  $1  .Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Siempre  Viva  Co.,  Mex.,Mar.  25,  30c May  2 — May  20* 

South  Eureka,  Nev.,  Mar.  2,15c April  4— April  23 

S.  Gold  Hill  M.  Co .,  Nev.,  Apr  1,  $2.50 . .  May  6— May  27 
Spring  Mt.  Tumjel  Co. .March  12, 15c.  April  22 — May  12* 
Succor  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  20,  $2..April  23— May  15 

TallulahM.  Co.,  Nov.,  April  5,  51.50 May  7— June  4 

Tecumseh  G.S  &  C.M.Co.Cal.Mar.20,S3.Apr.  23— May  14* 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  11,  $1 May  13— June  3* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Best  &  Belcher  M.  Co Meeting  May  13 

Eureka  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  May  7 

Hale  and  Norcross Special  Meeting  April  13 

Huhn  &  Hunt  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  April  22 

Independent  G.  M.  Co Meeting  May  8 

Einston  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  20 

Spring  Mountain  Tunnel  Co Annual  Meeting  May  9 

NeviadaLand  and  M.  Co Special  Meeting  April  25 

Red  ngton  Quicksilver  M.  Co.. Annual  Meeting  April  18 
LATEST  DIVIDENDS—  (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $20 Payable  April  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  SI Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $25  Payable  April  12 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co.l  perct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,  SI Payable  March  II 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  S7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  S1.50 Payable  April  13 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  k  Ely,  S5 Payable  March  8 

Raymond  &ElyM.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  April  10 

.*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  &.  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street 

PRICES  FOR  INVOPCEB 

Jobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quotation!!. 

Thursday,  April  11, 1872 

Scotch  and  English  Pig  Iron,  ^  ton S55  00    @  60  00 

White  Pig.  3  ton 52  00    @ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^  ft —  05J£@  —  00 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  i^  ft —  06    {5  —  07 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  05    @  —  06 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —08    @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  06^(3  —  07 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —07    @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  21  to  27 —06    so 

HorseShoes 8  00    @ 

Nail  Rod 11 

Norway  Iron 9 

Rolledlron 6 

p.Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  eto.        6    @        7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  3  lb —  24    @—  28 

Sheathing,  Yellow" —24    S  —  26 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11    @  —  11& 

Composition  Nails —  24        — 

Composition  Bolts —  24        — 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  Q  box 12  00 

Plates,  ICCharcoal 10  00        10  50 

Roofing  Plates 1100         — . — 

Banca  Tin.  Slabs.  ^  ft —  45 

Steel.— English  Cast,  H  lb —  16       —17 

Drill ". 16               17 

FlatBar 17             20 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  .boards) 123£ 

gOTCKSILVEE.— iffc  ft —  85 
EAD.-Pig,  <g»  ft --06  —0&4 

Sheet —08  —   8)J 

Pipe -    9  —10 

Bar * 08  -09 

Zinc. -Sheets,  <p)  lb —  10  —  10,^ 

Borax.— Refined —25  -  30 

Borax,  crude —    5 


April  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


237 


50  CENTS  A  COPY 

Will  be  paid  &t  this  office  lor  ■  few  copies  of  the 
Scientific  Pblm  of  January  14. 1871.  Subscribers  bav- 
Uig  broken  Qlee  oa  band  will  pteate  eumme  and  Bet  If 
tbey  cannot  accommodate. 

Wm.  H.  L.ora  is  requested  to  communicate  with  this 
office.  

State  University.— Thv  next  term  of  the  Prvparm 
lory  Department  will  begin  April  20th,  I8T3. 

The  course  of  study  embraces  the  Ancient  and  lh« 
Modern  Languages  and  the  higher  Mathematics,  and  Is 
specially  adapted  to  the  U  Diversity  curriculum. 

Terms,  $12  a  term.             OKOROE  TAIT,  Oakland. 
lav'Jbp-tf      _  

RICHARD  H.  BTJEL,  Consulting  Mechan- 
ical Entrineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 

■  to  m\pt 
fand»   in    111. ntonoaa  and    v»luaM»   Pa) 
■ 

iilcra  iu.i  other  inaohioary.    I  rufor  pur- 

:  i  I 

fochnolocrjr,  who  has  con    . 

on  m»Uor»  of  special  importance. 

lOrM-Ht      ... 

15  TO  f20  PER  DAT  AND  NO  RlS*.— Do  you  Want  a  tttUr 
ation  as  sah-sman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  otir  new 
7-strand  White  Wlie  Clothes  Lines,  to  Last 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
sou  Rlvor  Wire  Works,  75  "William  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Doarborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-12nibp 


L*dies  Dkmrino  to  Pnocmut  a  First-Cla68  Sewhjo 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
t..  Ho,  8W  Bowery,  157  E.  2cth,  477  ytu  Ave.,  New  lori 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21vl-12mbp 


Continental  Life   Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


Owen  fa)  llu  Ujm  if  ■    ""/  '•>  !'•<'(!  ii"  praam!  tores  eeHl 

■     P  on  ■  .  ■   ■    I  ■ '        ■■ 

ing—ichirJt  U  the  very  tatetf  hour  ue  run  rerrice  atlccrHKmmla. 


Francis    Mining    Company-- Location    of 

works,  Mariposa  County,  California. 

Notice  ifl  hereby  given,  that  at  amectincof  the  Board  of 
IVuBtees  of  said  company,  held  on  too  6th  day  of  April, 
an  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  kui.i  company,  payable  Immediately,  in 
Doited  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary  ul  [lie 
company.  4U9  California  street,  Son  Francisco,  Oal.  Any 
rtocK  upon  which  snid  assesamoi  (  Bhall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  Nth  day  of  May,  187:2,  shall  bo  deemed  delinquent  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  un- 
■  le»H  payment  shall  bo  made  before,  will  be  Bold  on  ruesaaj . 
th«4th  day  of  June.  187'J,  to  pay  the  delinquent  asses  mi  tit, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

*  T.  ,  .  ORONISE.  Secretary. 

Ofllce,  409  California  street,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 


THE  GARDNER  IBTOMimjlFETY-STOP  GOVERNOR. 

These  Governors  have  now  been  sold  in  this  market  for  several  years,  anil  whereveronce  introduced  and  made 
known,  are  invariably  sought  after.     They  are  In  the  1  fast  displacing  *U  other  Steam 

are  regarded  *a  tkeper/ed  regulator.    They  are  manufactured  by  Messrs.  Gorchur  k  Hobi  rt*  n,  practical  sni 
who  have  given  many  yem  time  exclusively  to  tluir  manufacture  and  pi  rl  say:  After 

an  expert  a  tfj>mamifact.iru  of  the  above  Governor,  during  which  time  Beven]  important  ira- 

i[)adoandtwo  _  adapted   to  tluir   manufacture.    The 

additional    pati-nU   obtained,    I  VBlVfl    is   111.it   vkilm 

to  all                            LM  and  the  Governor  la  built  with  a -view 

parties  using  Steam  power,  and  war-                          -c^-1^*  Bring  the  iinioltest  and  0 

ranting  U  to  b*.-  the  uiuot  perfect  regu-  ('~  *- ^  hitivc  action  possibly  ait  .muble  in  a 
lator  in  the  market.  C'*'T1\A  reguhttor,  Thus  with  accurate 
The  Gardner  Governor  Is  so  well  ^s*s^^»^hW^^kainai  '  htbor,  and  de- 
known  that  we  think  it  unnecessary  to  /'  *  *Z^Ep  f*~^!b\  voting  our  VTHOLH  ATTKKXXOa  to  the 
enUxinto  a  detailed  explanation  of  the  f       Jt      T     ■     ^^^H  mtuufactur-   -A    liush.nk    ai'.t. 

-    in  its  fiflkr        I       H      ^^arf*  :tr-'  ;i].dt'  T-.>  pmdiK't;  a  pi-riVct  mul  rt-lui- 

ooDStniettoa,  merely  uiviny  the  Lead-  V™-                    ^i^»         Die  Governor  eta  low  prtoa. 

.■  d  by  this  important  I     B                          Wt  do  not  pnhliBh  any  letters  of  rsn- 

InveaHOn,      lilt  I  jiuJmHL     >,                  oiuinendationij,  but  eau  give  references 

with    tin'    i^T-.ut'-t    simplicity   of  con-  /^grlfc*#  ,^-Trfg-m.      jj             to  upwards  of  5,000  pai.tii-  n 

ttrin  tii -ii.                        .iiition  of  -:«  <  d,  ,J^f^|lfr|iyyyH^y*^lk  .af^          odttbe  United  Statkb,  whuan  usiny 

l'i'MTivF.  rNSi.'HAN'  "'J-fi^^LaV^  the  Gardner  t..i\    ■■■     ■ 

MH'risrt  ^H#^^^|HpHnl^3Hi*'      Wa  would  especially  Lnvitc  the  atten- 

i>itiviNd  ^hS^      yWrY|giye^^y         tion  of  steam  Ku^ine  Builders  to  iliis 

.1  a  oo&venfent  arrangement  ^rTawJar                             '■'  'v-  f,-"!u|;'  ssbud  ft  that  they 

for    AWCsTINti    THE    81'EELi  OF  Tii.  msM^S^^  CAU    l,urc*ltt6'1    Ior    'L'SM    ,ll;in    Gl.-V  ciiii 

oidi  wbxle  in  MuiiuN,  without  change  (^^  "    M  0,  Ban  tnferiox  article,  and  thi  r(  by 

oi  pulliea.  iUL'reueo  the  value  and    Bales   of  their 

'l'hc  construction  of  tin' Governor  is  &*    "s  \  Eiif,'iuen. 

extremely  simple,  having  no  springs,  m  Xj    1  We  respectfully  refer  to  the  follow- 

liiMd-.-  JolntSf  BwrVelBf  or  parts  Uahle  hfl  ing  parties  using  the  Gardner  Gov- 

to  disarrangement,  all  tlit-  st  v-  ral  parts  ■Bssmnr  ehnoh,  andean  speak  understanding^ 

are dnpllcatesofench  other  in  the  name  of  its  merits:    Oakland    Cotton  Mill*-, 

Beriefl;  the  most  BkillfnJ  workmen  are  the    Selby  I^eod  und  Silver  Smelting 

employed)  the  best  material  used  and  > — Works,  L.  k  E.  Emanuel,  Vulcan  Iron 

the    machinery    employed    especially  Works,  Fulton  Foundry.  LevisonBros., 

Oal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory,  D.  A.  McDonald  &  Co.,  nnd  others  in  Snn  Francisco;  Ophir  Co. ,  Lady 
Bryan,  and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  Virginia,  New;  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F. 
Chury,  Albany.  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

lO"WE  WAliHANT  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  circumstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  miles  of  San  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  be  returned  to  us 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

8^ When  ordering  please  state  whether  Throttle- Valve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Finished 
Governor  IB  desired.  ***THE  EATE  OF  SPEED  FOB  GOVEHKOK  IS  FULLY  BTA3TPED  ON  THE  REVOLVtN'O  HEAD  OK  EVERY 
1  h   ■  i  ':•.■■  'i:.     Bend  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Agents    fox*    raclllo     States,    San    Francisco. 

(E7"At  Treadwell  &  Co."s(latc  BEKKY  &  PLACE'S)  Jfachiuery  and  Supply  Depot  may  be  found  in  stock  the  above 
Governors,  together  with  all  sizes  o(  HO.VDLEY'S  PORTABLE  ENGINES.  ELAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS.  STUETE- 
VANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS.  TAPS  AND  DEES,  DREYFUS'S  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS,  Etc. 
Alsoaheavystoekof  HAED\YAEE  AND  lirXLNG  TOOLS,  LEATHEK  BELTING,  LLNEN  HOSE,  BOILER  FELT 
{saves  ii  per  cent.  o(Iuel).  SELF  OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  [all  kinds),  BELT  STDDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millnien's  findings.        7v24-tf 


Ingomar  Silver  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Ely  Mining  District,  Lincoln  County, 
State  of  Nevada.  . ; 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  01   the  bonra  ol 

Trustees  of  au'iil  company,  held  on  the  Lid  day  of  April,  1»72. 
an  assessment  of  'ib  cent-s  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capitiil  stock  of  ^aid  compuny,  payable  immediately,  in 
U.  S.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  al  ihe  office  of  the  com- 
pany. Room  ".'I,  Hay  ward's  Building,  419  California  street, 
Sun  Francisco,  «  ul.  Any  stuck  ufion  winch  fit  id  assessment 
shall  remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  the  »th  day  of  May, 
1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall 
be  made  before,  will  ho  sold  on  Friday,  the  Hist  dny  of  May, 
1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
ol  advertising  and  expenses  of  sole. 

By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

OHAS.  S.  XEAL,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  21.  Hayward'a  Building,  No.  4lU  Caiifor 


Street,  ^an  Francisco,  California. 


ap6-lt 


Lyons  &  Wheeler   Mining  Company— Lo- 

cation   of    works,    Maynard     Mining    District,    Mohave 

County,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at,  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  (ith  day  of  April,  1872, 
an  assessment  of  Ten  Uents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
company,  Room  :t.  No.  Hit  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
Calilorniu.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  the  i5th  day  of  May,  1872, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sule  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  ;Jd  flay  of  June,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  W.  COLBURN,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
California,  apl3 


Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany-Location of  works,  First  (jarole,  Tuolumne  County, 
California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  3d  day  of  April, 
a.  D.  1872,  an  assessment  of  Thirty  Cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stuck  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  as- 
sessment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  ttth  day  of 
May,  a.  D.  187^,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be 
duly  advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  pay- 
ment shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the 
22d  day  of  May,  a.  d.,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  J.W.  CLARK,  Scc'y. 
Office.  418  California  St.  San  Francisco.  api:i-4w. 


Marcelina  Silver  Mining  Company. — Lo- 
cation of  Works:  Eureka  District,  Lander  County, 
Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  company  held  on  the  eighth  day  of 
March,  1872,  an  assessment  of  ten  cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable 
immediately,  in  "United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to 
the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  Room  21, 
Hayward's  Building,  419  California  street,  San  FYancisco . 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  seventh  day  of 
May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  or- 
der of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

CHA9.  £.  ELLIOTT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  21,   Hayward's  Building,  419   California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  marl9-3w 


Nevada    Land    and    Mining    Company— 

Location:  Spruce  Mountain,  Antelope  and  Clifton  Min- 
ing Districts,  Mko  County,  State  of  Nevada. 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  28th  day  of  March, 
1872,  an  assessment  of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately 
in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  Co.'; 
office,  room  5,  No.  3U2  Montgomery  street,  San  crancisco, 
California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Thursday  the  2d  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  he  deemed 
delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Friday  the  24th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs,  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
WM.  H.  WATSON,  Secretary. 
Office— Room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco, 
California.  mar30-td 


Union   Gold   Mining   Company.—Location 

of  works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Baid  Company,  held  on  the  11th  day  of 
April,  1872.  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  ($1.00)  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Com- 
tble  Immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin, 
to  the  Secan  tan,-,  at  the  othco  of  the  Company,  Room  No. 
bants1  Exchange  Building,  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  18W,  shall  be  deemed 
delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adve  tised  for  sale  at  pub- 

tic  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising und  expanses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  ALFRED  K.  DENHOW,  Secretary. 

•  1  mi, ,  -n>  mi  N,i,  'j  2,  Merchants"  Exchange  Building, 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California.  apl3-td 


Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

ine  l  '■•mpany.— Location  of  Works:  Tayoltila,  San  Dimas 
District,  Duxaneo,  Mexico. 

Ni.tiei1  is  ln.T.'bv  «iven,  thai  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 

'Frnateea  ol  said  Company,  h.-i.i  on  the  twelfth  day  of  May, 

iNP.i.  an  assessment  oftWO  dollars  per  share  woe  levied  upon 

.  saablo  capital  efaoak  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 

mediately.  in  United  States  guhl  und  silver  coin,  to  the  S*jc- 

1  ,  J.  Pfeitler,  No.210  Post  street,  or  to  the  Treasu- 

rer,  A.  Sunmelniann,  No.  631  Washington  street.  San  Fran- 

-1'itk*  the  indebtedness  of  the  said  Company. 

And  whereas  there  has  been  an  error  in  the  course  of  pro- 
ceedings for  the  collection  of  said  Assessment,  by  reason  of 
which,  as  provided  by  law,  all  previous  proceedings,  exoept 
the  levying  of  the  Assessment,  ;ire  void,  ami  publication  re- 
■  ii-  begun  anew,  NOW,  therefore,  by  order  of  the 
Board  Of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  at  a  meeting  of  said 
Trustees,  held  on  the  eighth  day  ol  Marofii  1872, saia  Assess- 
ment is  hereby  re-published,  and  notice  thereof  given  as 
follows,  to  wit: 


Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 

ing  Company.— Location  of  Works:  Tayoltita,  San  Dimas 
District.  Durango,  Mexico. 

Notice  is  hereby  civen,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  twelfth  day  of  May, 
lBffi),  an  assessment  of  two  dollars  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  assessable  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  Stales  gold  and  silvereoin,  to  the  Sec- 
retary. E.  J.  Pfeitfer,  No.  210  Post  street,  or  to  the  Treasu- 
rer, A.  Himmelmann,  No.  ftf"  Washington  street.  San  Fran- 
cisco, to  settle  the  indebtedness  of  the  said  Company. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  as-essuient  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  fifteenth  day  of  April,  IK? 2.  shall  be  deemed  de- 
liniiuent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  puvme nt  shall  lie  made  be  1m re,  «  ill  be  sold 
on  Wednesday,  tho  eighth  day  of  May.  IST'i.  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees. 
E.  J.  PFEIFFKR.  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  210  Post  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 


HENDY'S 
Improved     Lament    Steam    Engine    Regulator, 

"WITH    STOP    VALVE    ATTACHED. 

P  ERFECTiyS"    RELIABLE. 

Rapidly  Superceding  all   other 
GOVERNORS 

Wherever  introduced. 
"We    Iiw-it©    tlio     Attention    of    tliose 

LNTEEESTED    IN    OB    USING 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

10   otra 

IMPROVED   REGULATOR  AND  CUT-OFF, 

FOK    EITHEE 

Stationary  or  Portable 

ENGINES. 
An   Examination   "Will 

BE      SUFFICIENT      TO      SATISFY      THE 

MOST     SKEPTICAL 

OF    ITS    UTILITY     AND 

SIMPLICITY, 

And  the  many  References  in  Our  Possession 

FROM    ENGINEERS    WHO    ARE 

Using  them,  attest  their 

PRACTICAL    SUPE  RI0RITY 

Over  all  others. 

We  refer  to  Union  Iron  Works;  Pacific  Iron 
Works;  Fulton  Iron  Works ;  M.  Taylor,  Grass 
Valley;  Phoenix  Quicksilver  Mining  Co.,  Napa 
Co. ;  Samuel  McCurdy,  Nevada  Co.,  and  others. 

JOSHUA    HENDY, 
Office  and  "Works,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 
s  Ore  Ooncentratcrs  and  Circular  Saw  Mills,  4v24-lam-tf 


Ophir  Copper,  Silver  and  Gold  M.  Com- 

S any— Location  of  Works,  Ophir,  Placer  County,  Cal. 
"otico  is  hereby  given,  that  at  n  meetinc  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Baid  Company,  held  on  the  l«th  day  of  March. 
1872,  an  assessment  of  twenty  (20)  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  iramedi- 
ruclv,  in  In  u  i'«l  Slates  cold  and  silver  com,  t->  the  Secretary, 
N.  E  Cor.  Sansome  ana  Halleck  Sts.,  entrance  on  ELalleck 
street,  San  Francisco.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  BfflBffl- 
men t  shall  remain  unpaid  on  the  '.'Oth  day  of  April,  1872. 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised 
for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be 
made  before,  will  he  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  17th  day  of  May. 
1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  coats 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  R.  G.  BRUSH,  Secretary. 

Office,  N.  E.  Corner  Sansome  and  Halleck  Streets,  S.  F. 


Quail  Hill  Mining  and  Water  Gompany— ■ 

Location  of  works:  Calaveras  County,  California. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  amount  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
15th  day  of  February,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholder  as 
follows. 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.       Am't. 

F.  S.  Spring,  Trustee. . .  .44  120  600 

E.  F.Dennison 42  1  5 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trustee 40  7  35 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trustee 39  l-70  600 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trustee 37  119  695 

A.  E.  RichardBon,  Trustee  36  60  300 

A.  E.  Hill,  Trustee 31  50  250 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  15th  day  of  February,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  ma;  be  nec- 
essary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  attbe  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  409  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
California,  on  the  16tb  day  of  April,  1872,  at  the  hour  of 
12  o'clock  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.  T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 

Office,  409  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

mai30-3t 


Siempre  Viva  Silver  Mining  Co.— Lo- 
cation of  works,  District  of  Zaragoza,  Sinalpa,  Mexico. 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  oi  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  25th  day  of  Marcli, 
1872,  an  assessment  of  35  cents  per  share  was  levied  up..-n  the 
capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in  U. 
S.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  i-he  office  of  the  company. 
No?  314  Oalif-rnia  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assi-ssinent  shall  remain  unpaid  on  IburB- 
dav,  the  2d  day  of  May,  1872.  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  be  dnlv  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  bo  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  2()th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
mi'iittngethrr  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  Of 
sale.  ,By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

'    s  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 

Ofllce,  No.  314  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Hendy 


Spring    Mountain   Tunnel    Company,    Ely 

Mining  District,  Pioche,.Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  3aid  company,  held  on  the  12th  day  of  March, 
1872,  an  assessment  or  fifteen  cents  per  share  was  levied 
n pi m  the  capital  wtock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coiu.  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  company,  Room  21,  Merchants'  Exchange,  Cali- 
fornia street,  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco,  California. 
Any  stock  upon  which  Baid  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  22d  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  13th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  M.  BTJFFINGTON,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  37,  New  Merchant's  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  marl6-td 

San  Francisco,  March  16, 1872 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 
ing Company.—Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
avuras  County.  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  20th  day  of 
March,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Three  ($3,00)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  $34- Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  _Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  23d  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  bo 
sold  on  Tuesday,  the  Hth  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 

Office  R34  "Washington  street,  Room  No.  2,  up  stairs,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.    Office  hours  from  11  a.m.  to  2  p.m.      m23-4t 


LIGHTNING  CAN   OPENERS, 

For  Sale,  Wholesale  and  Retail,  by 
WIESTER  &  CO.,  General  Agents, 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 
flOF*  Samples  sent  by  mail,  post  paid,  for  75  cts. 


Tor 

Steam  Pipes 

So  Boilers 


HairFelting 


SAVES  25  PER  CENT.  OF  FUEL— An  item  worth 
looking  after.  Also,  Steam  Governors,  Tube  ScraperB, 
Steam  Pumps,  Self-Oilers,  Cylinder  Cups,  Belting, 
Lacing,  HoBe,  Fuse,  Packing,  etc.,  including  all  kinds 
Miners',  Engineers'  and  Millmen's  Supplies,  at  the  Ma- 
chinery and  Supply  I>pot  of  TREADWELL  &  CO.;  old 
stand,  Market  street,  bead  of  Front,  San  Francisco. 

13v24eow  ___^ 


81,000; 


BEWABD!     For   any   case    of 

Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
Piles     that    X>e    Sing's    IMle 
Remerty  fails  to  cure.    It  is  pre- 
pared espresslv  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing-else.    Sold  by 
all  DrusKists.    Price  S1.00.  emmnt>, 

C.  F.  Richards  A  Co.,  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  Sansome 
streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  »v^4-iy 


Purchasers  pleaae  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Press 


238 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[April  13,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

BfSTABliISECED    1SS1. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First;  a.nd  Fremont  streets, 

SAB  FRANCISCO 

IBA   P.   BAXEDr,  A.  P.  BRATTOH, 

Ct£0.  W.  FOGG,  Snperlntendent. 

tliteamEugines  andBoilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINOS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
cites  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
*rices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

I&~  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Jtpairs. 

X.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18Y20-Sm  QODDARD  &  CO. 


ROOT'S   PATENT  FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY    BLOWER, 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANDTACTOBEBS    OF 

8 17  22  A.  9£    ENGINE©, 
QuartZi    Flour    and    Saw    ]>Xills, 

Hayei'  Improved    Steam    Pnmp,  Brodle'a   Im- 
proved     Crasher,      Mining     Pumps, 
Aniiilitii  m a  tors,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How. 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


KANUTAOTUEED  AT  THE 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First   Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition.— Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foun- 
dry, San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron£ 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho r s e-F ower  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

4Tmf  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &,    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
■  the  Pacific  Coast) . 
Cor.    First    and    Mission    @ts«, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 
Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED     WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Siigar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  frum  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  sizg. 

Irrigating-    Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J.BO'OTH.  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT.  IRVING  M.SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


SAJV    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANTJFACTUKEBS   OF  ALL  KINDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission   Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  1b  to  say. — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

aTJABTZ    MAOEINESY 
Printing    Presses, 
AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  CamB,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  ThiB  Hoist  can  be 
built'for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  S  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MANUFACTUEEU  AND  SOLK  AGENT  FOR 

Praoy'a    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
iv23tf 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GIFFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

STEAM    TRAP. 

Surface   Condensers. 


DAVID  STODDART,         ■ 


114  BEATYF,  STREET,  S.  F. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

F.  I.  CTTBKTT  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  "Works),  Proprietor. 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 
Sacramento. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MAHtF  TACT  BRERS   OF 

S  T7EA3X  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Dnubnr'i  Patent  Self-  idlustlns  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  binds  of  Alining  machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets, 

Sill»AKF.KTIl   OtTT 


PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manulacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  "Variety  of  ssiiai"  tiiig:, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  ■  f 
Steamboat    Shaft*,   Crunks,    Plnton    and    Con- 
&i    nectlna;  Sods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axle* 
and  Frame* 

HAMMERED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

»»» Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
SJMPANY  Post  Offloe,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  will  calve 
y  rompt  attention 

j»*  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  3vU3m 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
BOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 

All  kinds  of 

JOBBING- 

and 

Repairing 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridge  ton,    N.    J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-!b.  Can  Press  for  $G5;   Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15,  etc.  13v24-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE    RISXKm 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    "WORKS: 
Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cama  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

lltrectora: 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  WaUter. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MtiAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL  FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  St.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &"BOIiAND, 

IKON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  aU  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  ShoeB  nnd  Dies.  3v24-3m 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILlT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating  Machinery. 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kindB  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  Bhort  notice,  every- 
thing requited  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  aU  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coaBt. 
5v24-3ra  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet,  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  185  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kinus  of  BraBS, Composition, Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Hastings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds.  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Malls,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges.Ship  and  Steamboat  Bells  and 
Jongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
Iraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tionfl  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
JS-  PRICES  MODERATE.  -S» 
J.   H.  WEED'  V.  KING  WELL. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  ti  en  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodf  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rinus  on  the  piston 
will  not  coirode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  I, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  BraBS  "Works.  125  First  street,  8.  F.      24v23tf 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 


MANUFACTURERS     OF 


"WOOD-WORKING  ^MACHINERY, 

003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Philadelphia. 

«»"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v2S-ly 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

BOILER     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  8t,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  Francisco. 


April  13,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


239 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
BtrteU,  8*n  Fuancwco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Fil'.n  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BEAPEK  A.\l*  MO  WKK  MKITIO.XH,  BARS 

AMI  K.\l  \  I  s  (  om  1*1.1    It:. 
at  a  saving  of  60  per  cent.     Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  ntti.-n.it  1  to.  yvl'j  iiy 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 

nennip  heretofore  t-xi»ini^  between  A.  J.  Bevennce, 

Cliaili  k  W.  Hjiii.IaII  Mil  J  QtU.  Hurt,  under  tLu  Ilrm 
nanm  <>(  "Severance,  Holt  .\i  Oo.,"  in  tliin  day  diMaolved 
by  mutual  coniv-iit.  A.  J.  Seversuce,  having  purchased 
a£L the  intent!  of  his  late  partners,  wllJ  touiiuue  the 

bllalneSS  ul  inaiiutucturiuK  and  Belling  Diamond  Drills, 
aa  bsfi  re,  under  the  Style  Ol  A.  J.  Severance  4;  Co. 

Uat.asau  Francisco,  Nov.  'Ji,  1871. 

Om.e,:il5  California  btreet.     A.  4.  SEVERANCE, 

CHA8.  II.   KANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  ova.  BTJBT. 


THEODORE   KAJLLENBERG, 

MACHIINIKT, 

and  fctaker  "f  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Dice, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Heasnnahle  Terms  and  In  the 

b'-ft  manner.     No.  32  Freuiunt  tatrtet,  S.  F.        iy\-J3-:im 


WM,  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE     SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  stro«t,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


CALDWELL'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
an    115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v2t-:i!ii  WM.  CALDWELL. 


The   Hesse  Grinder    and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     USE! 

Especially  well  udapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
301  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
t&~  Send  for  Circular.  13v24  3m 

BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  baub  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  mu<h  better  ad 
vantage  than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried*,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  live  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  *hort  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal. 


NELSON    &,  DOBLE, 

AGENTS  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sledge*,    Hammera,    Stone    Cutters*.    Black 

mmlths'  und  llori«-Shoer*'  Toole. 
13  and  15  Fremontstreet,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
lOvHur 


SHEET     IRON     I»II?E. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  A9PHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizeB  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  R^tes. 

8^  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE.  Superintendent. 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTER  IV  S3     A IV  E>     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry). 

N.W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  Gv23-3w 


BLAKE'S     PATENT^  STEAM     PUMP. 

From  the  Keport  of  the  Comniittto  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  Exhibition 
of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  8TEAM  PUMP —Tills  Pump  yielded  the  host  results  >s  to  the  quantity  ot  water  discharged  as 
compared  with  it*  uit-amiri'd  capacity.  The  vulvcH  are  of  brass,  and  well  arruiigcd.  The  steum  valves  are  well 
arrauKed  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  fu«t  ur  ?.1<pw. 

Vtemcouiuiendthuta  Medal  be  awarded  to  It,  as  THE  BEST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  Sn-vat  Medal, 
the  first  premium.)  (Signed)  JAS.  8PIEUS. 

_  ..       _  ,  WM.  H.  BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial 
Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING  PUMP— This  Is  an  excellent  Pump,  well  mado,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty.  Wo 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.     (Sinned  by  the  Committee.) 

O.  W.  DICKIE,  H.  B.  ANOEL,  CHAS.  R.  STEIGER, 

W.  EPPELSHDIMER,  MELLVILLE  ATWOOD. 

[N'o  other  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST 
Mechanics'  Exhibition,  all  oilier  assertions  to  the  contrary  niitieilhiti nol'ma.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump 
was  the  only  Pump,  of  any  kind  whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIEST  PREMIUM 
(highest  award  to  pumps)  at  the  last  Exhibition,  for  which  we  are  also  selling  agents. — See 
official  Report  of  the  above  Committee.'] 

The  trial  ot  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industtial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  committee  of  flvo  of  the  most 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  thi  coast  (as  above  named) ,  showod  that  tho  Blake  Pump  gave  8G  per  cent, 
of  utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  lie  per  ctnt.,  showing  great  difference  In  economy. 

The  Blair  Pump  (a  the  ONLY  Stum  Pump  that  EVER  RECEIVED  A  SILVER  MEDAL  at  any  Exliibition  of  tlie 
Mechanics'  Institute  ever  held  in  San  Francisco  or  California. 

&T  A  coniplcto  stock  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of  tho  AgentB, 

TKKA.DWKLL     *c    CO., 

12v3-awbp  Market  street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Fkancisco. 


KIMOWLES'    PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Received  the  Highest  Award — A  Diploma — 

Over  all  Steam  Pump   Competitors,  at  Mechanics*  Institute  Fair   of  San  Francisco, 
1871 ;   also  Special  Medal  and  Diploma  at  State  Fair. 


j^^w^-Mi  a  iuini 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly- Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  -will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  "Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent., '  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


CENTRAL  PACIFIC  R.  R.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC,) 
Sacramento,  Cal.,  April  14, 1871.  f 

A.  L.  FISH,  Esq.,  Agent  of  the  KnowleB'  Steam  Pump,  San  Francisco— Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  as 
to  the  merits  ot  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  in  use  upon  thin  road,  I  will  Bay  that  we  have  nineteen  ot  them  in 
use  on  this  road  as  fire  engines,  and  pumping  water  for  shop  and  station  use.  I  consider  the  Kuowles  Steam 
Pump  the  best  in  use,  and  prefer  it  to  any  other.    Yours  truly,       A.  J.  STEVENS,  General  Master  Mechanic. 


WE    BUILD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE   LARGEST   STOCK   OF    PUMPS   IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Every  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L    FISH,    Agent. 

Wo   ©  First  ^Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Manhines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


BLAKE'S     PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  San  Francisco 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMP.— This  Pump  yielded  the  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  as 
compared  with  its  measured  capacity.  he  valveB  are  of  brass,  and  well  arranged.  The  steam  valves  are  well 
arranged  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  fasi.  or  slow. 

We  recommend  that  a  Medal  be  awarded  to  it,  as  THE  BEST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  Silver  Medal, 
the  first  premium.]  (Signed)  JAS.    SPIERS, 

"WM.    H.    BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  tho  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial  Exhibition  of  th 
Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING  PUMP.— This  is  an  excellent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty.  "We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.     (SigDed  by  the  Committee.) 

G.   W.  DICKIE,  H.  B.  ANGEL,  CHAS.  R.    STEIGER, 

W.  EPPELSHEIMER,  MELVILLE   ATWOOD. 

[No  other  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST  Mechanics'  Exhi- 
bition, all  other  assertions  to  Vie  contrary  notwiUislanding,  Hooker's  Hand  Pump  was  the  only  Pump  of  any  kind 
whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM  (highest  award  to  pumps)  at  the  last  Exhibition,  lor 
which  we  are  also  selling  agents. — See  official  Report  of  the  above  Committee.] 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  committee  of  five  of  the  most 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast  (as  above  named) ,  showed  that  the  Blake  Pump  gave  86  per  cent,  ol 
utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  60  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in  economy. 

The  Blake  Pump  is  the  ONLY~Steam  Pump  that  EVER  RECEIVED 
A  SIL  VER  MEDAL  at  any  Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  ever  held 
in  San  Francisco  or  California. 

OS"  A  complete  stock  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of  the  Agents, 

TKEAJDWELL     &    CO., 
Market  Street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Francisco. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES   MADE 

On  all  kind,  of  Ore.,  and  particular  altentlo. 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  GOODS. 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

421     M  ..nc-miii-rv    M.   up    atlllr*. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analypis  of  OreB, 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdte,  Min«ral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupilB  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal  instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  uuy  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U,  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Astsayer  and  Metallurgical 

CHBMI8T, 
No.    till    Commercial    Street* 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mint^ 

San  Feancibco,  Cal.  7v21-8m 


NEVADA   METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

KIOTTE  <fe   LCCKHARUT. 

Ore*   CrnnheU,   Sampled   and    Atiayed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus  to  our  establishment,  we  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro > 
ducts.  Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur* 
ical  ques  tions  given.  26v21-3m 

J.  W.   THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  "W.  Howland  £  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  ORDERS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  Sv24-(im 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAT   OFFICE 

No.    512    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Fbanoibco. 

J.    A.    DEARS,    Assayer. 

«y  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  eto.       10v2P 


o.  w.  STRONG. 


W.  L.  STROMQ 


G.   W.   STRONG    &   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  FirBt,  San  Fbanoibco 


We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc,  Eto. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  PurpOBBB 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22vl8 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  OP  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  614  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  Bpecial  attention  ot  AseayerB, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  ot 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balancer* — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  BalunceB— Becker  &  Sons.  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  WeightB. 

Humid  ABsay  Apparatus. 

Iron  FurnaceB — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  MuffleB,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifl- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian   or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers— 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers"  Hard- 
ware   a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order, 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottleB,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  ReagentB  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
B^"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  k  CO. 


240 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS.. 


[April  13,  1872. 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  1860,  this  weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority.on  raining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mikikg  Summary  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  TJ.  S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incorporations,  Share  Mar- 
ket, Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  (with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit^ 
able  at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


^atfaralfloineJourV 


DEWEY   &,  CO., 

SCIENTIFIC     PRESS 

U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 

PATENT    AGENCY. 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  side  o£  the  continent. 
Established  in  I860.  Inventors  can  rely  upon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Long  familiarity  with 
Mining,  Fanning,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
this  coast,  enables  us  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Inventors  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Union,  and  oftentimes  save  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  worthy  inventions  patented  by  us 
will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  most  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Press  and 
the  Pacific  Bubal  Pbess. 

Send  for  our  52-page  illustrated  Patent  Ctroitlab, 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  stamp.  Also  the  V.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870. 

IDIEWEY    &    CO., 
No.  338  Montgomery   st.,    S.   E.    cor.    California   st., 

diagonally  across  from  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  6.  F. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
G-IAJNTT    POWDER,  A.  INTO.    S    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  Blower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BA.NK:     Bll.A.STIIN'G,     COAL     MINES, 

AND    FOE    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHEEE    THE    HOOK    IS    NOT    VEttY    HARD 

It  is  frilly  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 
I*riee.    50  Cents  per    I*o\ind. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office. 


A.    NEW    book:. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and 
Metallurgists'  Companion. 

Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Va- 
rious   Departments    of    Exploration, 
Mining,  Engineering,  Assaying, 
and  Metallurgy. 

Containing-  640  Pages  and  81  Engravings 

BY  J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Of   San  Francisco,  a  Practical  Operator  for  Thirty-four 

Years ;  Explorer,  and  Resident  in  the  Pacific  States 

and  Territories  for  the  past  Six  Years. 

PRICE,  bound  in  eloth,  S10  (in  coin  or  its  equivalent) . 
In  leather,  $12.  Postage,  50  cents  extra.  AddresB  all 
orders  (wholesale  or  retail)  to 

DEWEY   &   CO., 
Scientific  Press,  338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


Opinions  of  the  Press. 


Practical  Mining  Literature. — The  want  of  sound 
scientific  knowledge  has  heen  much  felt  by  the  miners 
employed  in  developing  the  vast  mineral  resources  of 
the  western  regions  of  the  United  States,  and  for  this 
want  the  work  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.,  of  San  Fran- 
ciBco,  will  prove  an  excellent  remedy.  The  book  is 
written  expressly  for  the  miners  in  the  districts  men- 
tioned. *  *  *  Metallurgy,  which  is  treated  of  in  the 
concluding  section,  is  dealt  with  in  the  same  practical 
manner  as  the  other  subjects,  the  book  altogether  being 
one  exactly  calculated  to  Buit  the  views  and  meet  the 
requirements  of  those  for  whom  it  has  been  written.  It 
is  not  intended  as  a  scientific  work,  but  to  facilitate 
practical  operations  upon  scientific  principles.  This 
object  the  book  is  well  calculated  to  obtain,  and  its  value 
is  much  enhanced  by  the  principle  which  Mr.  Phillips 
has  adopted  of  including  only  those  processes  which 
can  easily  he  carried  out  by  practical  men  unused  to 
the  delicate  manipulations  necessary  in  the  laboratory 
of  the  practised  chemiBt.  The  work  will  undoubtedly 
obtain  a  large  number  of  readers. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips  is  well  known  to  the  readers  of 
the  Mining  Journal  as  having  also  had  considerable  ex- 
perience in  mining  in  Cornwall.— [London  Mining 
Journal. 

The  most  practical  and  comprehensive  work  on  min- 
ing subjects  extant. — [Scientific  Press. 

A  Valuable  Work.—  *  *  We  know  of  no  work  on 
these  subjects  in  the  English  language  at  once  so  com- 
prehensive, practical  and  intelligible.—  [S .F.  Golden  Era. 

Besideb  bo  many  new  facts  and  the  large  amount  of 
useful  knowledge  derived  through  these  official  sources 
(Geological  Surveys) ,  the  mining  public  are  likely  to  find 
in  the  recently  published  work  of  J.  S.  Phillips,  a  valu- 
able teacher  and  assistant.  This  book,  which  treats  in 
an  intelligent  and  practical  way  on  almost  every  topic 
connected  with  mining  pursuits,  should  he  in  the  hands 
of  every  millman,  metallurgist,  prospector  and  miner 
on  the  Pacific  Coast.  Even  the  capitalist,  and,  in  fact, 
every  person  already  engaged  in,  or  likely  to  become  in- 
terested in  the  business  of  mining,  will  find  in  this 
comprehensive  work  an  amount  of  information  that 
they  cannot  afford  to  dispense  with. — [S-F.Commercial 
Herald, 

*  *  He  has  rendered  to  the  leading  industry  of  the 
Coast  a  valuable  service — has  furnished  the  millman 
and  miner  a  safe  and  much  needed  practical  guide — 
having  earned  for  himself,  all  things  considered,  the 
credit  of  producing  one  of  the  most  useful  works  ever 
issued  from  the  press  of  San  Francisco. — [Overland 
Monthly. 

A  Prospector's  Manual. —  *  *  *  Each  branch  iB 
treated  with  clear  style  and  full  information.  There 
are  no  words  without  ideas,  and  no  ideas  without  prac- 
tical value.  Prospectors  may  imagine  that  they  do  not 
need  to  study  books  like  this ;  but  we  tell  them  that 
those  who  prefer  to  remain  ignorant  will,  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years,  be  superceded  by  others  who  will  learn 
a  few  fundamental  principles.  The  book  is  free  from 
trash,  and  solid  throughout;  all  its  matter  is  intelligible 
to  men  of  ordinary  education,  and  all  of  it  is  valuable  to 
miners— S.  F.  Daily  Alta,  Dec.  24th. 

Practical  Mining  and  Metallurgy. —  *  *  In  the 
several  sections  the  work  is  eminently  practical,  *  * 
The  work  is  very  comprehensive,  and  contains  a  great 
deal  of  useful  information  which  cannot  be  obtained 
from  the  previous  books  that  have  been  written  on 
these  subjects.— [S.  F.  Daily  Examiner. 

*  *  It  appears  to  be  an  excellent  work,  and  must 
prove  of  great  use.—  [S.  F.  Daily  Call. 

*  *  Besides  that,  there  is  much  actual  knowledge  to 
be  gained  from  a  perusal  of  this  volume,  and  in  this  re- 
spect alone  it  will  be  a  valuable  assistant  to  those  en- 
gaged actively  in  mining.  [— S.  F.  Chronicle. 

*  *  It  is  a  plain,  but  comprehensive  digest  of  min- 
ing matters  generally.  It  affords  a  vast  quantity  of  in- 
formation as  to  the  appearance  and  value  of  different 
ores.— [S.  F.  New6  Letter. 


ACTIVE  MEN ! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers ol  the  SCIENTIFIC  PRESS  and  the  PACIFIC  RU- 
RAL PRESS,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


C.    i>._R.    R. 

COMMENCING 

WEDNESDAY,    April    10th,    1872. 
And  until  further  notice,  Trains  and  Boats  will 

LEAVE    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


7  00  ■*■•  M.    Overland  Express  Train  for  MarysvUle,  Red 
■ " wv  Bluff,  Colfax,  Reno,  Ofiden  and  Omaha. 


O  00  p-  M-    San  j030  Passenger  Train,  stopping  at  all 
*******  way  Stations. 


4  00  P-  M<*    Passenger  Train  for  Stockton,  Merced  and 
t-.wxj  Sacramento. 


fi  30  p  M-    Overland  Emigrant  Train,  Through  Freight 
**•  "".and  Accommodation. 


7  Of)  A.  M.  Steamer  New  "World  (from  Broadway  Wharf ) 
* ,wu  —Connecting  at  Vullejo  with  Trains  of  California 
Pacific  Railroad. 


A  00  P  Jl  *  Sacramento  Steamer  (from  Broadway 
t.uu  wharf).  Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  trains  of  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad. 

O  (If*  P.  M*  Steamer  Antelope,  from  Broadway  Wharf. 
t,,uu  connecting  at  Donahue  with  Trains  of  S.  F.  and 
North  Pacific  Railroad. 


OAKLAND    BRAWOH.— Leave    San   Francisco.  7  01) 

8  10,  9  2U,  10  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  10, 1  SO,  3  00,  4  00,  5  IS,  630,  8  06 

9  '>0  and  '11  36  p.  m.    (9  20, 11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

'  Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30.  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  in.,  1  30, 
2  40.  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Lewe  Oakland,  *5  40,  6  50,  8  00,  910,  10  00,  and  1110  a, 
m.,  1200, 1  40,  2  50,  3  50,  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.— Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  11 15  a.  m.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  0u  p.  m.  (7  20, 11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  Haywards,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  #5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m.,  130, 
4  05  and  530  p.  m.  *  Except  Sundays. 

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SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  20,  1872. 


Progress  in  the  Telegraphio  Art. 

Telegraphing  Both  Ways.  Simultaneously,  on  a 
Single  Wire. 
Somo  considerable  interest  has  been  attracted 
during  tbo  past  few  weeks,  to  the  new  improve- 
ment in  telegraphing  recently  introduced  upon 
this  coast  by  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Co.,  which  consists  in  the  feat  of  sending  mes- 
sages, in  opposite  directions,  simultaneously, 
upon  a  single  wire!  The  attempt  has  fre- 
quently been  made  to  perform  a  simular  feat 
with  railroad  trains  upon  a  single  track,  but 
hitherto  without  success;  but  in  telegraphy  the 
thing  is  now  actually  accomplished,  as  may  be 
seen  every  day  at  the  Western  Union  Telegraph 
office,  on  California  street. 

When  the  electric  telegraph  was  first  brought 
into  practical  operation  by  the  late  Prof.  Morse, 
it  required  two  wires  to  complete  the  circuit 
and  convey  a  signal  from  one  point  to  another. 
Subsequently,  however,  it  was  discovered  that 
by  carrying  a  wire  down  into  the  earth  at  each 
end  of  the  line,  one  wire  could  be  dispensed 
with — the  earth  and  two  ground  wires  taking 
the  place  of  the  return  wire.  This  was  con- 
sidered at  the  time  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  telegraph- 
ing. But  science  knows  no  limit  to  progress, 
and  scarce  ten  years  had  passed  ere  the  single 
line  gave  promise  of  becoming  double,  by  an 
ingcnous  device — the  germ  of  the  double  trans- 
mission system  above  referred  to.  For  several 
years  after  the  first  inception  of  this  invention 
by  Frischer,  of  the  then  Kingdom  of  Hanover, 
improvements  were  made  from  time  to  time  until 
Mr.  Joseph  Stearns  of  Boston,  Mass.,  finally 
produced  the  device  herewith  shown,  by  which 
the  system  has  now  become  one  of  great  practi- 
cal value. 

How  it  is  Done. 
In  the  ordinary  manner  of  transmitting  sig- 
nals from  one  station  to  another,  as  from  K  to 
K' ,  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  illustration, 
when  the  key  at  K  is  depressed  and  contact 
made  at  a  with  the  positive  pole  of  the  battery, 
E,  a  signal  is  made  to  pass  on  through  &  1, 
and  the  relay  .If  to  3,  over  the  line  A.  B,  through 
7  and  the  relay  M '  to  5,  to  b '  and  the  negative 
pole,  a ' ,  of  the  battery,  E' .  The  ground  wires  c  0 
and  c'  67'  being  adjusted  to  take  the  place 
of  the  return  wire,  which  was  employed,  as 
above  said,  on  the  earliest  telegraphB.  On  a 
main  wire,  so  adjusted,  a  signal  could  be  sent 
only  one  way  at  the  same  time.  The  modifica- 
tion of  the  device  by  which  it  is  made  possible 
to  transmit  signals  both  ways  ftt  the  same  time 
is  as  follows: — 

In  the  ordinary  device  the  relays  M  and  M ' 
were  wound  with  tingle  wires  in  one  direction  ; 
but  in  the  double  transmission  system,  which 
we  will  now  describe,  they  are  wound  with  two 
wires  in  opposite  directions.  The  second  wire 
passes  from  1  through  2  around  relay  M  to  4, 
thence  through  a  "resistance  coil,"  X,  to  the 
ground  wire,  c  67. 

A  similar  arrangement  is  connected  with  the 
opposite  station  at  B,  as  shown,  where,  how- 
ever, the  positive  'pole  of  the  battery  is  con- 
nected with  the  ground. 

The  result  of  this  arrangement  is  that  when 
a  current  is  sent  from  the  battery,  E,  it  is  divid- 
ed at  1,  one-half  passing  through  the  relay,  M, 
by  the  wire  wound,  say  from  left  to  right,  and 
via  1  and  3  to  the  main  line  of  wire,  A,  and 
station  at  B;  while  the  other  half  passes  through 
the  relay  by  the  wire  wound  from  right  to  left 
and  via  2  and  4  through  X  to  the  ground  wire 
c,  Q.  The  same  connection  and  division  of 
currents  will  be  noticed  by  the  corresponding 


lettering  of  the  station  at  B — the  half  current 
passing  thenco  to  the  station  at  A. 

It  is  by  this  division  of  the  electric  current 
— ono-half  going  to  the  ground  and  the  other 
over  the  wire — that  it  is  found  possible  to  send 
messages  both  ways  at  the  same  time,  without 
any  interference  of  the  one  with  the  other. 

It  must  not  be  understood,  howover,  that 
any  portion  of  the  signals  are  conveyed  by  the 
ground  current,  as  some  of  our  Eastern  scientific 
cotemporaries  have  stated.  All  the  signals  pass 
and  repass  over  the  one  main  wire.  The 
philosophy  of  the  thing  is  well  understood  by 
such  electricians  as  have  made  the  subject  a 
matter  of  study;  but  it  is  rather  too  abstruse  to 
be  clearly  defined  to  the  ordinary  reader. 

In  the  practical  working  of  the  system  two 
instruments  are  placed  upon  a  table,  at  each 
end  of  the  lino,  one  of  which  receives,  while 
the  other  simultaneously  sends  messages— a 
low  partition  being  placed  across  the  centre  of 
the  table,  between  the  receiver  and  sender,  to 


for  his  duplex  instruments,  which  cover  the 
most  valuable  and  practicable  devices  for  util- 
izing this  latest  marvel  in  telegraphic  progress. 
The  duplex  instruments  have  been  in  practi- 
cal service  for  some  time  in  New  York,  and 
their  operation  here  is  said  to  be  so  satisfactory 
that  the  company  proposes  to  introduce  them 
into  all  their  offices  on  this  coast,  where  the 
press  of  business  may  require  them.  The  first 
experiments  made  in  this  city  with  this  system 
were  conducted  by  Mr.  S.  D.  Field,  the  well 
known  electrician  of  the  Western  Union  Com- 
pany of  this  city. 


Honobs  to  Peofessob  Mobse. — Not  con- 
tent with  showering  honors  upon  the  head 
of  the  illustrious  discoverer  of  the  tele- 
graph, when  alive,  the  whole  world  has 
combined  in  passing  resolutions  in  respect 
to  his  memory.  An  immense  audience  as- 
sembled in  the  hall  of  the  House  of  Kep- 


DEVICE 


TELEGRAPHING 


WAYS,    SIMULTANEOUSLY, 


SINGLE    WIRE. 


prevent  the  sound  of  the  instruments  from  in- 
terfering with  each  other. 

Only  one  condition  is  requisite  to  the  per- 
fect working  of  the  system,  and  that  is  that  the 
current  must  be  equally  divided  at  1  and  5. 
This  result  is  secured  by  an  ingenious  adjusta- 
ble arrangement  at  the  two  points  of  resistance, 
X  and  X' .  It  would  be  difficulty  to  explain  this 
principle,  or  the  adjustable  nature  of  this  re- 
sistance, or  "rheostat"  as  it  is  technically 
called;  but  the  devise  is  perfectly  familiar  to 
every  electrician.  If  a  wire,  say  100  miles  in 
length  between  two  stations,  is  in  perfect  work- 
ing order,  the  "  rheostat"  (X)  must  be  equiva- 
lent in  its  resistance  to  the  resistance  encoun- 
tered by  a  perfectly  insulated  wire  of  that 
length.  But  if  by  reason  of  unfavorable  weath- 
er, or  imperfect  insulation,  a  greater  resistance 
is  encountered  on  the  main  wire,  making  it 
equivalent  to  say  150  miles  in  length,  the  extra 
50  miles  can  be  instantly  applied  to  X,  and  the 
balance  be  thus  kept  constant  and  equal. 

There  are  some  unimportant  details  connect- 
ed with  this  system,  which  present  greater  or 
less  difficulties,  and  which  to  that  extent  inter- 
fere with  the  perfect  working  thereof;  but  there 
is  reason  to  believe  that  research  and  experi- 
ence will  eventually  remove  all  obstacles  to 
perfect  success,  in  which  event  the  working  ca- 
pacity of  every  telegraph  line  will  be  doubled — a 
result  the  value  of  which  can  scarcely  be  esti- 
mated in  dollars  and  cents.  The  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  have  recently  ac- 
quired the  exclusive  ownership  for  the  United 
States  of  the  patents  Becured  by  Mr.   Steams, 


resentatives  in  Washington  on  the  16th 
inst.,  to  attend  the  memorial  services  in 
his  honor.  The  hall  was  filled  with  the 
Executive  and  Legislative  dignitaries  in- 
cluding the  President  and  Cabinet,  Su- 
preme Judges,  Senators,  Bepresentatives 
and  Territorial  and  Municipal  authorities 
of  the  District  of  Columbia.  In  the  dip- 
lomatic gallery  were  the  representatives  of 
every  foreign  country  accredited  to  the 
government. 

Telegraphic  instruments  in  the  room 
were  incessantly  in  motion  with  messages 
from  every  part  of  the  globe.  Speeches 
were  made  and  messages  read  by  Cyrus 
W.  Field,  from  the  Anglo-American  Tele- 
graph Co.,  of  London;  from  the  Submarine 
Telegraph  Association;  from  the  Tel- 
egraph Association  of  Egypt;  and  from 
the  telegraph  companies  of  Japan,  China 
and  Australia,  all  of  the  same  date  and  all 
unanimous  in  sentiments  of  condolence  to 
the  United  States  for  the  loss  sustained  to 
science  and  the  world  at  large,  in  the  death 
of  Professor  Morse.  Dispatches  were  read 
from  the  Chambers  of  Commerce  of  Hong- 
kong, Singapore  and  Bombay,  and  the 
principal  oities  of  the  United  States, 
through  their  municipal  authorities,  also 
sent  suitable  dispatches,  San  Francisco 
among  the  number. 

.--♦■-  ^    i  ■ 

Okdeb  and  system  render  all  things  easy. 


Gold  on  the  Northern  Coast. 

The  sands  of  the  sea  beach  for  some  dis- 
tance along  the  upper  part  of  this  coast 
and  the  coast  of  Oregon,  contain  a  small 
proportion  of  gold,  and  have  been  worked 
with  some  profit  for  a  number  of  years. 
Little  is  heard  from  these  mines,  and  the 
following  information  concerning  them 
from  Mr.  A.  Bronson  of  Bandolph,  Coos 
Co.,  Oregon,  will  be  found  of  interest; 
This  coast  from  Coos  Bay  south  for  200 
mile3  or  more,  may  be  termed  the  gold 
coast  of  the  United  States.  It  has  been 
laid  off  in  districts,  and  claims  located  and 
worked  under  local  mining  regulations. 
The  flood  tides  bring  up  the  auriferous 
black  sand,  which,  when  sufficiently 
rich,  is  gathered  and  removed  when  the 
tide  is  out,  and  washed  at  leisure. 

Gold  has  also  recently  been  found  back 
from  the  coast,  at  various  distances,  and 
at  several  localities.  From  two  to  twelve 
miles  north  of  the  Coquille,  and  from  one  to 
two  miles  from  the  present  beach,  and  180 
feet  by  measurement  above  tide  water,  is  an 
auriferous  deposit  of  black  sand  extending 
for  several  miles  in  length,  which  carries 
from  $2.50  to  $40  per  ton,  the  latter  figure 
said  to  have  been  attained  by  experimen- 
tal working  in  this  city. 

This  deposit  is  known  as  the  Pioneer 
lead,  and  is  ascertained  to  be  from  300  to 
500  feet  broad  and  10  to  12  feet  thick  on 
its  western  or  sea  margin.  It  gathers  to 
an  edge  on  its  upper  or  northers  side,  con- 
tains logs  of  lignite  and  often  tasteless 
gum  resin.  It  is  covered  with  from  40  to 
60  feet  of  drift  sand,  much  of  which  is  like 
soft  rock,  and  this  again  is  covered  with  a 
heavy  forest,  many  trees  being  from  4  to  6 
feet  in  diameter,  and  50  to  200  feet  high. 
This  timber  is  heavier  further  back  and 
lighter  as  you  reach  the  sea,  with  unmis- 
takable evidence  that  similar  forests  have 
preceded  the  present. 

The  more  elevated  deposits  of  aurifer- 
ous sands  were  evidently  thrown  up  by 
the  waves  of  early  geological  ages,  since 
which  time  the  coast  there,  as  throughout 
the  entire  western  coast  of  the  continent, 
has  been  gradually  elevated,  until  the  sea 
has  been  driven  back  in  some  places  many 
miles  from  its  former  shore  line. 


A  Sionai,  Sebvioe  Station  in  Alaska. 
Chas.  P.  Fish,  of  the  Signal  Service,  has 
been  sent  on  to  establish  a  station  at  St. 
PaulB'  Island  in  Alaska.  He  is  to  take 
observations  on  the  tides,  phenomena  of 
storms,  temperature  of  the  sea,  icebergs 
in  Behring  Straits,  etc.  He  is  also 
to  obtain  information  concerning  ice  ob- 
structions in  Behring  Straits,  auroral  dis- 
plays, electrio  discharges  and  proportion 
of  foggy  and  clear  weather.  He  will  en- 
deavor to  ascertain  the  precise  direction  of 
the  great  current  of  the  northern  Pacific, 
whioh  runs  along  the  coast.  The  results 
of  these  observations  will  no  doubt  be  of 
great  interest  not  only  in  a  scientific  point 
of  view,  but  also  as  they  effect  the  general 
questions  of  commerce,  climate,  etc. 


242 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  20,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Notes  of  Travel  in   Placer  County- 
Continued. 

[By  our  Traveling  Correspondent.] 
Colfax. 

This  beautifully  located  village,  -which 
was  named  in  honor  of  our  Vice-President, 
contains  about  500  inhabitants,  and  is 
situated  on  the  line  of  the  C.  P.  E.  K., 
distant  from  San  Francisco  by  rail,  192 
miles,  and  18  miles  a  little  north  of  east 
of  Auburn,  the  county  seat  of  Placer 
county.  Its  elevation  is  2,421  feet.  The 
town  is  accommodated  with  a  large  number 
of  merchants,  but  have  no  manufactures 
of  any  importance.  It  contains  three  ho- 
tels, the  principal  of  which  are  the  Ex- 
change Hotel,  A.  D.  Bullard,  proprietor; 
and  the  Pioneer  House,  B.  T.  Bowley  & 
Co.,  proprietors.  This  is  the  pointon  the 
railroad  where  passengers  take  stage  for 
Grass  Valley  and  Nevada  City,  the  latter 
of  which  is  12  miles  distant  in  a  westerly 
direction.  The  Telegraph  Stage  Co.  which 
runs  between  these  two  points  and  extends 
its  route  as  far  to  the  westard  as  San  Juan 
North,  is  owned  by  Messrs  Hamilton  & 
Gordon.  They  use  4  and  6-horse  coaches, 
and  make  daily  trips. 

The  Rising  Sun  Quartz  Mine, 
Located  about  one  mile  southwest  of  Col- 
fax, is  incorporated  with  a  capital  of  $300,- 
000  in  3,000  shares.  The  length  of  the 
claim  is  3,000  feet,  running  nearly  east 
and  west;  W.  B.  Hayford  is  President, 
and  W.  A.  Hines,  Secretary — office  in  this 
place  (Colfax) .  They  have  a  fine  set  of 
hoisting  works  run  by  a  25-horse  power 
steam  engine;  also  a  5-stamp  mill  run  by 
an  engine  of  40-horse  power,  which  has  a 
capacity  of  crushing  12  tons  per  day  of 
12  hours,  and  which  has  at  present  as  much 
as  it  can  do.  The  main  shaft  on  the  ledge 
is  down  365  feet,  nearly  perpendicular. 
The  vein  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  varies 
from  one  to  two  feet  in  thickness;  the  pay 
running  from  $20  to  $50  per  ton,  and 
averaging  about  $35  per  ton.  The  gold 
taken  from  this  rock  is  of  unusual  fine- 
ness, running  from  900  to  932  fine;  30  men 
are  regularly  employed. 

Montana  Quartz  Mine. 

This  is  an  incorporation  with  a  capital 
of  $30,000  in  24,000  shares,  the  stock  of 
which  is  principally  held  here.  E.  T. 
Bowley  iB  President  and  W.  B.  Storey 
Secretary.  The  mine  is  %  of  a  mile  west 
of  Colfax  and  in  sight  of  the  "  Eising 
Sun."  The  company  claim  2,500  feet  on 
the  ledge  which  runs  on  a  parallel  with 
the  above-mentioned  mine.  Their  im- 
provements consist  of  steam  hoisting- 
works,  run  by  an  engine  of  40-horse  pow- 
er, and.  a  10  stamp  mill  which  has  just 
been  erected,  all  complete  except  adding 
the  stamps,  which,  by  the  time  this  is  in 
type,  will  be  in  and  the  mill  in  operation. 
Their  main  shaft  is  down  140  feet  and  con- 
tractors now  sinking  will  complete  the 
distance  to  the  170-ft.  level.  This  ledge 
is  a  very  wide  one,  so  much  so  that  with  a 
12-ft.  shaft  the  hanging  wall  has  not  been 
found.  The  rock  carries  considerable  sul- 
phurets  and  has  paid  an  average  of  $6  per 
ton  in  free  gold.  The  sulphurets,  of  which 
the  rock  contains  about  50  per  cent.,  it  is 
presumed  will  pay  well.  They  are  at  pres- 
ent using  Giant  powder  for  blasting,  hav- 
ing lately  given  up  the  use  of  black  pow- 
der, and  are  well  satisfied  with  the  change, 
progressing  nearly  50  per  cent,  faster. 

Auburn, 

The  county  seat  of  this  county,  is  located 
one  mile  to  the  northward  of  Auburn 
station  and  distant  from  your  city  by  rail 
174  miles;  its  elevation  is  1,363  feet,  and 
it  contains  between  800  and  1,000  inhabi- 
tants. There  is  one  good  hotel,  the  Amer- 
ican Exchange,  presided  over  by  G.  H. 
Stephens.  In  a  business  way  the  town  is 
quite  dull.  There  are  two  excellent  week- 
ly papers  published  here— the  Stars  and 
Stripes  and  Placer  Herald.  The  principal 
dealer  in  groceries,  hardware,  etc.,  is 
Eobert  Gordon,  who  is  also  the  agent  of 
the  Giant  Powder  Company.  While  the 
quartz  interest  surrounding  the  town  is 
quite  considerable,  the  auriferous  gravel 
deposits  are  also  worked,  and  farming  and 
horticultural    pursuits   are   followed   by ' 


many.     Taking    the    mines   in    rotation, 
passing  to  the  westward,  the  first  is  the 

Greene  Mine, 
Distant  from  Auburn  2%  miles.  The  mine 
is  incorporated  with  $600,000  capital  in 
10,000  shares,  the  stock  of  which  is  prin- 
cipally owned  here.  A.  C.  Peachy  is  Pres- 
ident, and  C.  M.  Greene  Secretary,  both 
of  your  city.  Principal  office  of  the  com- 
pany 413  California  street,  San  Francisco. 
Wm.  G.  Greene,  is  Supt.  This  mine  has 
a  length  of  1,132  feet,  the  ledge  running 
east  and  west  and  dipping  to  the  south- 
ward. The  walls  both  carry  a  large 
amount  of  base  metal  containing  some 
free  gold,  silver,  copper  and  arsenic.  Their 
improvements  consist  of  fine  hoisting- 
works  run  by  a  30-horse  power  engine;  the 
pumps  (Cornish)  are  run  by  a  40-horse 
power  engine.  The  company  also  own  a  4- 
stamp  mill,  which  is  run  by  water-power, 
and  which  is  used  principally  for  reducing 
specimen  ore.  The  mill  contains  two  Hep- 
burn pans.  The  company  will  soon  erect 
a  15-stamp  mill  on  the  premises.  Their 
main  shaft  is  down  220  feet,  at  an  incline 
of  15  degrees.  The  ledge  at  this  point  is 
a  little  over  two  feet  thick  and  from  the 
top  down  averages  30  inches.  They  are 
still  sinking  on  the  mine  and  have  not 
stoped  any  as  yet,  nor  will  they  until 
they  get  down  250  feet.  Blasting  agent 
used  is  Giant  powder,  giving  general  satis- 
faction. Employing  regularly  14  men, 
working  8-hour  shifts,  night  and  day. 
The  rock  of  this  mine  thus  far  has  aver- 
aged over  $100  per  ton.  At  this  writing 
they  are  taking  out  rock  that  assays  over 
$200  per  ton.  Since  writing  the  above 
rock  has  been  struck  in  the  mine,  in  the 
process  of  sinking  the  shaft,  that  is  fabu- 
lously rich  and  which  runs  up  into  the 
hundreds  per  ton.  This  [mine  has  never 
levied  an  assessment,  and  one  of  the  few 
that  has  paid  its  way  from  the  croppings 
down. 

Peter  Walter  Mining  Co., 


An  incorporation  of  $800,000  capital  in 
8,000  shares,  is  located  about  3  miles  west 
of  Auburn.  This  company  claim  a  ledge 
of  900  feet  in  length,  which  runs  east  and 
west  and  dips  to  the  south.  Their  im- 
provements consist  of  steam  hoisting 
works  which  are  run  by  an  engine  of  25- 
horse  power.  The  main  shaft  is  down  125 
feet,  at  an  angle  of  40°,  at  this  point  the 
ledge  is  about  15  inches  wide.  They  are 
still  sinking,  and  drifting  at  the  depth  of 
116  feet  where  a  level  has  been  run  70  feet 
to  the  eastward,  from  which  they  are 
taking  out  about  five  tons  per  week. 
Working  regularly  14  men  in  all  depart- 
ments. When  they  stop  sinking  and  all 
its  men  are  drifting  they  will  take  out 
about  18  tons  per  week.  Two  tons  of  this 
rock  has  been  tested  and  pays  $33  per  ton. 
The  company  has  really  just  got  into  work- 
ing order.  The  rock  contains  a  good  deal 
of  sulphurets  and  looks  well.  Their  west 
level  is  in  50  feet.  Gen.  D.  D.  Colton  of 
your  city  is  President,  and  T.  J.  Owens, 
Secretary;  principal  office  room  No.  1,  N. 
E.  corner  of  California  and  Montgomery 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Bellevue  G.  M.  Co. 

This  company  own  8  different  ledges. 
It  is  an  incorporation  of  $800,000  capital 
in  8,000  shares;  the  stock  of  which  is 
principally  held  in  San  Francisco.  The 
location  is  4  miles  west  of  Auburn  and  3 
miles  north  of  Newcastle.  W.  P.  C.  Steb- 
bins  is  President,  and  T.  F.  Cronise,  Sec- 
retary; principal  office  409  California  St., 
in  your  city.  These  ledges  (8  in  number) 
are  2,500  feet  each  in  length  and  average 
in  width  15  inches  each.  The  most  of  the 
ledges  have  been  worked  for  from  30  to  50 
feet  in  depth  and  2,200  feet  in  length. 
The  improvements  are,  good  hoisting- 
works  run  by  water-power,  the  water  being 
taken  from  the  Bear  Eiver  ditch.  Their 
main  shaft  is  down  150  feet  and  they 
are  now  running  in  on  the  136-ft.  level, 
which  they  have  pierced  340  feet.  These 
ledges,  which  lay  parallel  with  each  other 
run  nearly  east  and  west,  and  dip  to  the 
south;  are  in  slate  formation.  The  number 
of  men  engaged  in  all  departments  is 
about  20;  taking  out,  on  an  average,  about 
40  tons  of  rock  per  week,  which  they 
crush  at  the  St.  Patrick  Co.'s  15-stamp 
mill,  located  within  %  a  mile  of  this  mine. 
The  rock  costs  75  cents  per  ton  for  haul- 
ing and  $5  per  ton  to  crush;  it  pays  regu- 
larly about  $40  per  ton.  The  specimen 
ore  for  which  this  mine  is  somewhat  noted, 
however,  will  run  into  the  thousands.  One 
lot  of  60  tons  taken  out  some  time  ago, 
netted  $50  per  ton.  The  mine  has  been 
charged  with  "salting"  its  rock,  but  the 
experience  of  your  correspondent  is,  on 
visiting  the  same,  that  it  furnishes  its  own 
salt.  The  company  is  engaged  at  present 
in  running  a  tunnel  on  one  of  the  ledges 
parallel  to  the  one  on  which  the  hoisting- 


works  are  situated,  from  Doty's  Eavine  on 
the  west  end,  following  the  ledge  right 
in.  At  present  writing  the  tunnel  is  in 
237  feet.  The  ledge  at  this  point  is  small 
but  widening  out,  and  they  are  taking  out 
some  of  as  fine  specimen  ore  as  I  ever 
looked  at.  Blasting  agent  used  is  Giant 
No.  2  and  Hercules  powder.  Mr.  Fred 
Jones  is  Superintendent,  and  I  think  this 
company  owes  its  present  position  to  the 
energy  and  successful  experience  of  this 
gentleman. 

St.  Patrick  M.  &  M.  Co. 

The  mill  and  mine  belonging  to  this 
company  is  located  3  miles  west  of  Auburn 
and  2K  north  of  Newcastle.  It  is  an  in- 
corporation with  $500,000  capital  in  5,000 
shares.  Gen.  D.  D.  Colton  is  President, 
T.  F.  Cronise,  Secretary;  D.  T.  Davis, 
Superintendent  and  I.  Thomas,  Foreman. 
Principal  office  409  California  St.,  S.  F. 
This  company  own  14  ledges,  varying  in 
length  from  1,200  to  2,000  feet  each,  work- 
ing only  two  of  them.  Their  main  shaft 
on  one  of  these  ledges  is  down  300  feet, 
over  which  hoisting- works  are  erected,  run 
by  a  donkey  engine  of  8-horse  power.  The 
others  are  worked  by  windlass.  Number 
of  men  engaged  in  the  mine  is  16,  at  pres- 
ent drifting  and  not  taking  out  much  rock. 
They  also  have  a  15-stamp  mill  run  by  a 
40-horse  power  engine.  It  has  a  capacity 
of  crushing  24  tons  per  day  of  24  hours; 
working  regularly  9  men.  The  company 
are  also  running  a  tunnel  300  feet  long  on 
one  of  their  ledges,  which  is  nearly  com- 
pleted. The  tunnel  is  5%  feet  high  and  4 
feet  wide;  using  both  Giant  and  black 
powder  for  blasting. 

St.  Lawrence  Quartz  Mine. 

This  mine  is  located  %  of  a  mile  south 
of  the  St.  Patrick,  and  near  Ophir.  It  is 
owned  by  Bogart  &  Co.  of  your  city;  H. 
B.  Purdy  is  Supt.  The  company  claim 
a  ledge  of  1,200  feet  in  length.  Their  im- 
provements consist  of  a  6-stamp  mill,  run 
by  free  water,  which  has  a  capacity  of 
12  tons  per  day  of  24  hours.  They  have 
sunk  two  incline  shafts  upon  this 
mine,  at  an  angle  of  30°,  to  the  depth  of 
50  feet  each.  The  ledge  at  that  point  is 
about  2  feet  wide,  and  by  working  7  men 
they  take  out  3  tons  per  day,  60  tons  of 
which  just  milled  paid  an  average  of  $22.30 
per  ton;  rock  believed  to  be  worth  4  or  5 
times  that  value  is  now  being  extracted. 
A  tunnel  has  just  been  started  in  upon 
this  mine,  which  will  be  when  completed, 
80  feet  in  length;  at  present  writing  is  in 
45  feet. 

Julian  Gold  M.   Co. 

This  company  have  a  capital  stock  of 
$1,000,000  in  10,000  shares.  The  mine  of 
the  company  is  located  near  Newcastle  on 
the  C.  P.  E.  E.  They  claim  2,500  feet  on 
the  ledge,  which  runs  north  and  south  and 
dips  to  the  eastward.  The  ledge  is  from  3 
to  8  feet  thick;  several  shafts  have  been 
sunk  upon  this  mine  from  150  to  230  feet 
deep.  This  company  have  one  of  the 
largest  ledges  in  this  section  of  country, 
but  up  to  the  present  time  has  not  proved 
to  be  anything  but  low  grade  ore.  The 
rock  will  average  about  $8  per  ton,  and  as 
it  costs  $6  per  ton  to  mill  and  mine  the 
same,  its  owners  can  and  do  make  a  profit 
of  $2  per  ton.  l.  p.  mc. 


Geape-Gkowino  ts  a  Boom. — Last  year, 
a  member  of  the  Stuttgart  Flower  Club 
was  successful  in  raising  grapes  in  his  sit- 
ting room.  He  takes  a  cutting,  3  or  4  feet 
long,  with  two  fruit  buds  at  its  upper  end, 
wraps  it  in  moss,  leaving  the  two  buds  ex- 
posed, and  coils  it  in  a  flower  pot  which  is 
then  filled  with  rich  loam.  The  plant  is 
watered  with  lukewarm,  never  with  cold, 
water,  and  a  little  dung  may  be  added,  but 
not  much.  The  flower  pot  is  placed  in  a 
sunny  position.  When  the  grapes  are 
formed  the  shoot  is  pruned  above  the 
bunch,  leaving  however  two  leaves  to 
maintain  the  circulation  of  sap. 


The  Wollaston  Medal. — The  geologi- 
cal society  of  London  at  a  recent  meeting 
awarded  the  Wollaston  medal  for  the  pres- 
ent year  to  Prof.  James  D.  Dana,  of  Yalo 
College.  This  medal  was  founded  by 
Wollaston  himself  in  1828,  and  is  given  as 
a  mark  of  honor  for  distinguished  learn- 
ing and  ability  in  the  departments  of  ge- 
ology and  mineralogy. 


A  Machine  for  washing  floors  has  been 
invented  by  Mr.  A.  Irion.  It  appears  to 
be  essentially  a  sweeping  machine  of  or- 
dinary construction,  provided  with  an  ap- 
paratus which  causes  the  brush  to 
sprinkle  water,  or  soap  suds,  on  the  floor. 


Mining  Matters  in  Utah. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Alta,  writing 
from  Little  Cottonwood,  TJ.  T.,  says:  The 
confidence  of  San  Francisco  capitalists  in 
the  mines  of  this  Territory  is  steadily  in- 
creasing, and  notwithstanding  the  Monitor 
and  Magnet  and  one  or  two  other  fiascos, 
I  know  personally  that  San  Francisco 
operators  in  the  mines  here  have  in  the 
aggregate  of  their  investments  made  a  large 
amount  of  monev.  The  proportion  of  their 
losses  to  profits  is  less  than  in  any  other 
mining  region  on  the  coast,  and  as  a  natur- 
al result  they  have  commenced  active  min- 
ing operations  on  several  claims  in  this 
district,  stocking  their  mines  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. Among  these, companies  incorpor- 
ated in  California,  and  who  are  now  vig- 
orously developing  their  properties,  are 
the 

South  Emma  and  the  Wellington. 

The  mine  of  the  South  Emma  Com- 
pany lies  in  the  line  and  on  the  level  of 
the  Emma  lode,  near  the  Emma  mine, 
and  in  the  same  relation  to  it  by  locality 
as  the  Gould  &  Curry  mine  is  to  the  Hale 
&  Norcross  on  the  Comstock.  The  mine 
is  opened  by  an  incline  dipping  at  an  an- 
gle of  about  40°  for  a  depth  of  100  feet, 
from  which  a  horizontal  drift  runs  into 
the  hill  in  the  direction  of  the  lode  for 
sixty  feet  further,  following  continually 
improving  indications  and  approaching 
the  exact  line  and  level  of  the  Emma. 
This  drift  is  being  run  day  and  night, 
with  three  shifts  of  hands,  and  in  the 
extreme  face  of  it,  within  a  few  days,  the 
character  of  the  rock  is  exactly  similar  to 
that  which  causes  the  solid  ore  lodes  of 
all  of  the  great  mines  of  the  belt,  show- 
ing in  mass  a  small  amount  of  lead  and 
silver,  with  occasional  rich  fragments  of 
ore  imbedded  in  the  body  of  the  rock. 
The  farthest  point  of  the  drift  is  about 
150  feet  perpendicular  below  the  surface, 
and  the  present  level  will  be  continued 
until  a  body  of  ore  is  struck,  when  longi- 
tudinal drifts  will  be  run.  It  has  been 
found  necessary,  because  of  the  collection 
of  water  in  the  incline  from  the  infiltra- 
tion of  the  melting  snow  upon  the  surface, 
to  employ  an  extra  force  of  hands — a  ne- 
cessity that  will  disappear  with  the  dis- 
appearance of  the  snow,  as  all  the  mines 
on  the  lower  levels  are  perfectly  dry  ex- 
cept from  the  cause  stated.  The  title  to 
the  mine  is,  I  understand,  perfect,  and 
the  prospect  of  its  becoming  very  valua- 
ble, I  consider,  for  the  reasons  stated,  as 
certainly  assured  as  anything  in  the  nature 
of  mining  operations  can  be. 

The  Wellington  mine  is  opened  by  an  in- 
cline of  180  feet  in  depth,  with  five  levels 
run  on  its  length.  Of  these  levels,  two 
of  them  are  on  large  and  rich  ore  lodes 
as  far  as  run,  the  one  at  the  bottom  of 
the  incline  being  on  a  lode  of  solid  ore 
from  two  to  fifteen  feet  in  width,  and  of 
an  average  value  of  $150  per  ton.  The 
smelting  furnaces  of  the  Company  have 
suspended  operations  for  a  few  days,  but 
only  on  account  of  the  bad  condition  of 
the  roads,  and  the  utter  impossibility  of 
obtaining  fuel  except  at  an  enormous  cost. 

The  Question  of  Fuel. 
Has  been  the  most  serious  hindrance  to 
the  rapid  development  of  the  mines.  The 
immense  quantity  of  smelting  ore  here 
would  have  soon  exhausted  in  its  reduction 
all  of  the  charcoal  available,  except  at  a 
price  for  the  article  that  would  have  em- 
bargoed the  reduction  of  low  and  middling 
grade  ores.  It  was  assumed  upon  very  im- 
perfect experiment  that  the  Eocky  Moun- 
tain coal  would  not  coke.  Mr.  Stowe,  a 
San  Franciscan,  who  has  a  lease  of  the 
Hinton  mine  at  Evanston,  a  few  weeks  ago 
employed  some  cokers  and  essayed  the  ex- 
periment of  converting  coal  to  coke  upon 
a  large  scale  with  almost  perfect  success. 
This  success  settles  the  question  of  fuel. 
Coke  can  be  furnished  at  the  mines  in  any 
quantity  and  at  a  price  that  will  reduce 
the  fuel  cost  of  smelting  one-half,  and  this 
makes  available  mines  that  else  could  not 
have  been  worked,  and  greatly  increase 
the  profits  of  those  that  yield  ore  rich 
enough  to  be  worked  at  a  profit,  even  un- 
der the  present  expensive  system  of  smelt- 
ing. 

A  number  of  important  sales  of  minesin 
Camp  Floyd  District  have  taken  place 
within  the  past  week.  The  purchasers  are 
Chicagoese,  and  are  probably  trying  to 
play  even  on  the  big  fire — may  these  ven- 
tures restore  their  financial  equilibrium. 

As  an  Example  of  what  the  farmer  would 
suffer  without  the  aid  of  his  friends,  the 
birds,  whom  he  too  often  regards  as  his 
enemies,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  de- 
scendants of  the  fifth  generation  of  our 
plant  louse  would,  if  it  were  not  for  their 
enemies,  number  60,000  millions.  Butfor 
the  birds,  there  would  be  in  a  short  time 
a  complete  destruction  of  vegetation. 


April  20,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


243 


ECHANICAL     5&R0GRES& 


Utilization  of  Tin-plate  Clippings  (Tin- 
ners' Waste). 

Tin-plate  consists  of  iron  covered  with  pure 
tin,  or  an  alloy  of  tin  and  lead.  The  iron  is 
of  very  superior  quality.  The  test  to  which  it 
is  submitted  is  that  it  must  bear  bending  at  a 
sharp  angle  without  cracking,  and  when  bent 
under  the  hammer  light  must  not  shine  through 
any  crevices  along  the  line  of  flexion.  The 
proportion  of  tin  in  tin-plate  varies  according  to 
quality  from  3  to  7  per  cent.  The  value  of  tin 
in  the  waste  iH  about  equal  to  that  of  the  iron. 
Several  methods  for  treating  tinners'  wasto 
have  already  been  devised.  In  1848,  Sehunk 
proposed  three  processes,  of  which  the  first 
was  to  boil  tho  clippings  in  sulphide  of  sodium, 
tho  second  to  boil  in  soda-lye,  in  which  litharge 
was  suspended,  and  the  third  to  heat  in  a 
lye  of  chromate  of  potash  and  caustic-potash. 
In  1854,  Jas.  Higgin  patented  a  mixture  of 
hydrochloric  acid,  and  solution  of  nitre,  by 
which  means  it  was  expected  that  the  tin  would 
be  dissolved  with  lesB  action  upon  the  iron  than 
in  hydrochloric  acid  alone.  In  1857,  Parkes 
proposed  to  put  the  clippings  into  mercury  in 
a  revolving  sheet-iron  drum,  and  thus  col- 
lect £ho  tin  in  an  amalgam.  In  1863,  Paterson 
patented  a  process  for  mixing  the  clippings 
with  fused  lead  so  as  to  form  solder.  By  heat- 
ing  the  mass  again,  the  alloy  is  fused  off. 
Standevant  and  Harman  proposed  to  melt  off 
the  tin  in  a  current  of  steam  and  hot  air  into 
an  iron  cylinder  below;  but  all  these  methods 
seemed  to  present  some  radical  objection. 

A  perfect  method  for  treating  tin  cuttings 
should  fulfil  four  conditions.  1.  The  iron 
must  be  free  from  tin.  2.  The  tin  must  be  ob- 
tained in  a  marketable  form,  and  preferably  in 
the  metallic  state.  3.  Large  quantities  must 
be  capable  of  treatment  at  once  without  much 
labor.  4.  The  process  must  be  cheap.  Iron 
containing  0-5  per  cent,  of  tin,  though  it  can 
be  forged  and  welded  is  very  cold-short.  It  has 
a  fine-grained  steel  texture,  a  clear  ring  and 
great  hardness,  but  can  be  useful  for  very  few 
purposes.  None  of  the  old  processes,  except 
that  of  Higgin,  thoroughly  remove  the  iron. 
Sehunk  obtains  the  tin  in  an  unsaleable  form, 
and  his  process  can  be  used  on  a  small  scale 
only.  Mr.  Ott  has  recently  devised  a  method 
which  has  been  applied  to  300  tons  of  clip- 
pings in  three  months.  The  tin  waste  is  put 
into  a  drum  of  thick  copper,  provided  with 
holes  %-inch  in  diameter,  and  lwo  inches 
apart.  It  contains  1,000  lbs.  of  clippings.  It 
is  then  made  to  revolve  in  a  bath  of  acid  in 
which  the  tin  is  dissolved  off.  Then  the  drum 
is  lifted  out  by  a  crane,  and  made  to  revolve  in 
a  water-tank,  then  in  an  alkaline  bath  and  then 
in  water  again.  In  the  acid  bath  it  revolves 
according  to  the  amount  of  free  acid,  from  5  to 
50  minutes,  and  in  the  others  5  minutes  each, 
making  with  the  time  spent  in  lifting  the  drum 
a  total  of  70  minutes.  So,  as  the  drum  con- 
tains 1,000  lbs.  of  clipping,  it  is  ^possible  in  a 
day  of  10  hours  to  treat  90  cwt. 

In  the  acid,  the  tin,  the  lead,  and  about  5 
per  cent,  of  iron  are  taken  up.  This  solution 
is  let  off  into  suitable  tanks.  The  lead  is  sepa- 
rated first,  and  then  the  tin  is  obtained  in  a 
state  of  purity,  by  putting  in  plates  of  zinc, 
when  it  is  thrown  down  either  in  a  crystalline 
or  a  spongy  form.  It  is  well  washed,  fused  and 
sold  as  block  tin.  The  zinc  remains  in  solu- 
tion, one  part  of  zinc  being  required  to  pre- 
cipitate two  of  tin.  The  mixed  solution  of 
zinc  and  iron  may  be  used  for  preserving  wood, 
or  for  making  coarse  colors  for  house-painting. 
The  iron  plates  are  sold  to  the  iron  works. 

Dorn  proposes  to  pile  up  tin  clippings  in 
chambers  of  a  suitable  material,  and  to  dissolve 
off  the  tin  by  means  of  a  gaseous  mixture.  On 
this  process,  it  may  be  remarked,  that  though 
the  bichloride  of  tin  is  extensively  used  by 
color-makers,  dyers  and  calico-printers,  it  is 
necessary  that  it  should  be  perfectly  free  from 


The  Production  of  Bright  or  Lustrous 
Colors   on  Metals. 

The  active  chemist,  C.  Puscher,  of  Nurem- 
burg,  proposes  a  new  method  of  coloring 
metals  which  can  be  executed  quickly  and 
cheaply.  He  produces  on  these  surfaces  a  coat- 
ing of  metallic  sulphides  analogous  to  those 
found  in  nature,  as  for  example,  sulphide  of 
lead.  These  very  stable  sulphur  combinations, 
as  is  well  known,  are  not  affected  by  ordinary 
agents.  According  to  Puscher's  method,  in 
five  minutes  there  may  be  imparted  to  thou- 
sands of  brass  articles  a  color  varying  from  a 
beautiful  gold  to  a  copper  red,  then  carmine 
red,  then  dark,  then  analine  blue,  to  a  blue 
white,  like  sulphide  of  lead,  and  at  last  a  red- 
dish white,  according  to  the  length  of  time 
they  remain  in  the  solution  used.  The  colors 
possess  the  most  beautiful  lustre,  and,  if  the 
articles  to  be  colored  have  been  previously 
thoroughly  cleaned  by  means  of  acids  and 
alkalies,  they  adhere  so  firmly  that  they  may 
be  operated  upon  by  the  polishing  steel.  To 
prepare  the  solution,  dissolve  1%  ounces  of 
hyposulphite  of  soda  in  one  pound  of  water, 
and  add  1%  ounces  acetate  of  lead  dissolved  in 
half  a  pound  of  water.  When  this  clear  solu- 
tion is  heated  to  190°  to  210°  F.,  it  decomposes 
slowly  and  precipitates  sulphide  of    lead  in 


brown  flocks.  If  metal  is  now  present,  a  part 
of  the  sulphide  of  lead  is  deposited  thereon, 
and  according  to  the  thickness  of  the  deposited 
sulphide  of  lead  the  above  mentioned  beautiful 
bistro  colors  are  produced.  To  produce  an 
even  coloring,  the  articles  to  be  colored  must 
be  evenly  heated.  Iron  treated  with  this  solu- 
tion takes  a  steel  blue  color;  zinc,  a  brown 
color;  in  the  ease  of  copper  objects,  the  first 
gold  color  does  not  appear;  lead  and  zinc  are 
entirely  indifferent.  If,  instead  of  the  acetate 
of  lead,  an  equal  weight  of  sulphuric  acid  is 
added  to  the  hyposulphite  of  soda  and  the  pro- 
cess carried  on  as  before,  the  brass  is  covered 
with  a  very  beautiful  red,  which  is  followed  by 
a  green,  which  is  not  in  the  first  mentioned 
jcali  of  colors,  and  changes  finally  to  a  splen- 
did brown  with  green  and  red  iris  glitter;  this 
last  is  a  very  durable  coating,  and  may  find 
special  attention  in  manufactures.  Very  beauti- 
ful marbleized  designs  can  be  produced  by 
using  a  lead  solution  thickened  with  guin- 
tragacanth  on  brass  which  has  been  heated  to 
210u  F.,  and  is  afterward  treated  by  the  usual 
solution  of  sulphide  of  lead.  The  solution  may 
be  used  several  times,  and  is  not  liable  to  spon- 
taneous change. — Technologist, 

Glass  Bearings. 

Tho  use  of  glass  bearings  for  the  wearing 
surfaces  of  cross-heads,  pistons,  and  other 
working  parts  of  machinery  which  has  recently 
been  introduced  into  some  parts  of  the  Eastern 
States  is  steadily  extending  and  gaining  favor. 
These  bearings  consist  of  pieces  of  glass  in- 
serted into  the  bearing  surfaces  as  hereinafter 
described.  In  the  slides  of  the  cross-head  they 
are  simply  imbedded  in  holes  drilled  or  cast  to 
receive  them,  and  in  piston  rings  they  are  in 
serted  in  grooves  turned  in  the  rings.  The  fol- 
lowing directions  are  given  by  the  manufac- 
turer for  putting  in  such  bearings: 

' '  Drill  the  holes  full  one-fourth  of  an  inch 
larger;  in  diameter  than  the  glass  is,  and  at 
least  one-sixteenth  deeper  than  the  glass  is 
thick.  The  holes  snoirld  be  chipped  under 
with  a  center  chisel  in  several  places  in  order  to 
hold  the  babbit  well.  Then  take  a  parallel 
piece  of  iron  largo  enough  to  cover  the  hole, 
and  perfectly  smooth  on  one  surface,  place  a 
little  oil  on  the  smooth  surface  and  press  the 
piece  of  glass  to  it.  By  this  means  you  exclude 
the  air,  and  the  glass  and  iron  will  stick  to- 
gether firmly;  this  is  done  in  order  to  hold  the 
glass  up  from  the  bottom  of  the  hole,  and  thus 
allow  the  babbit  to  run  under  as  well  as  around 
it,  forming  a  perfect  bed  for  the  glass  to  rest 
on.  Place  the  piece  of  iron  with  the  glass  fast 
to  it  over  the  holejin  such  a  manner  as  to  keep 
the  glass  in  the  center,  and  also  leave  a  small 
space  uncovered  through  which  to  pour  the  bab- 
bit. The  glass  should  be  above  the  surface  of 
the  working  part,  in  order  to  take  the  full  bear- 
ing. Place  at  least  one  thickness  of  writing 
paper  between  the  parallel  piece  and  the  other 
surface;  clamp  the  parallel  piece  to  the  gibb  or 
other  part,  for  if  not  clamped  the  glass  is 
likely  to  rise  too  high  above  the  surface  while 
the  babbit  is  being  poured.  Caulk  the  babbit 
in  several  places  with  a  blunt  center-punch  be- 
tween the  glass  and  iron,  then  scrape  it  down 
to  the  surface.  Bearings  put  in  locomotive 
cross-heads  should  not  be  more  than  flush  with 
the  surface. 

To  insert  the  bearings  in  cylinder  packing- 
rings,  eccentrics,  etc.,  a  groove  should  be  cast 
or  turned  in  the  center  of  sufficient  depth  and 
width  to  allow  the  babbit  to  run  under  and 
around  the  glass;  the  groove  should  be  turned 
under  and  also  chipped  rough  on  the  sides. 
Then  bend  a  strip  of  sheet-iron  to  the  exact 
radius,  and  make  the  proper  surface  smooth, 
then  stick  five  or  six  pieces  of  glass  to  the 
smooth  surface  by  means  of  putty  or  any  other 
substance  that  will  stick  well.  Then  clamp  the 
sheet  iron  with  the  glass  fast  to  it  to  the  ring 
or  other  part;  close  up  one  end  with  putty,  and 
pour  the  babbit  in  the  other  end.  When  the 
glass  is  all  inserted,  take  oil  and  emery  with  a 
file  and  grind  the  glass  down  to  the  surface, 
making  sure  that  not  one  of  the  glasses  are 
above  the  surface  when  the  ring  is  finished. 

In  parts  where  there  is  not  sufficient  thick- 
ness of  material  to  allow  the  babbitt  metal  to 
be  run  under  the  glass,  one  thickness  of  mus- 
lin may  be  used  as  a  bed  for  the  glass  to  rest 
upon." 

These  bearings  are  now  very  extensively  used 
in  locomotives  and  stationary  engines,  and  the 
manufacturer  is  furnishing  them  to  all  parts  of 
the  country  and  for  all  kinds  of  steam-machin- 
ery. Most  persons,  we  believe,  would  be  sur- 
prised to  find  how  much  rough  usage  a  piece  of 
glass  will  bear  if  properly  embedded  in  a  soft 
metal.  If  they  are  well  fitted  they  will  stand  a 
considerable  number  of  quite  severe  blows  from 
a  hammer  without  being  fractured. 

The  manager  of  a  furnace  in  Prussia,  find- 
ing himself  without  fuel,  resolved  to  keep  the 
furnace  alive  as  best  he  might.  He  began  at 
once  to  reduce  the  charge  of  iron  ore  to  one- 
half,  keeping  all  the  while  the  usual  charge  of 
coke,  and  after  the  furnace  was  thus  filled,  the 
blast  was  cut  off,  and  all  apertures  were  closed 
as  air-tight  as  possible,  and  watched  carefully 
so  for  more  than  ninety  days  anxiety.  A  regu- 
lar supply  of  fuel  being  once  more  secured, 
after  that  time,  the  tuyers,  hearth,  and  top 
were  reopened,  the  hot  blast  let  on,  and  twelve 
hours  later  the  first  clean  cinder  made  its  ap- 
pearance, flowing  over  the  wall-stone,  to  the 
great  delight  of  all  concerned. 

A  Peussian  engineer  has,  it  is  said,  invented 
a  machine  which  will  manufacture  ice  without 
chemicals,  merely  by  compression  and  explo- 
sion of  air. 


^CIENTiFIC    gpOGRESS 


The  Spectroscope  on  the  Nebulae  Hypoth- 
esis.— The  existence  of  immense  nebulous 
masses,  from  which  Laplace  supposed  the  solar 
system  to  have  been  derived,  was  thought  to 
have  been  proved  baseless  by  the  increased 
power  of  modern  telescopes,  which  have  re- 
solved into  clusters  of  stars  many  objects  sup- 
posed to  have  been  nebula?.  But  since  the 
spectroscope  has  been  so  improved  as  to  be 
practically  employed  for  determining  the  char- 
acter of  such  distant  bodies,  the  nebulous  theory 
is  again  coming  into  favor,  if  indeed  it  may  not 
now  be  considered  as  fully  established  on  a 
stronger  foundation  than  ever  before. 

Prof.  "Kirkwood  has  made  extended  observa- 
tions in  this  direction,  in  which  the  evidence  in 
favor  of  the  hypothesis  is  decidedly  cumulative. 
Even  progressive  changes  in  the  physical  con- 
dition of  some  of  the  nebulie  have  been  quite 
clearly  indicated.  In  some  parts  of  certain 
nebulas  nuclei  have  been  established — the  mass 
of  gaseous  matter  evidently  passing  from  its 
attenuated  form  into  a  semi-solid  state.  The 
spectra  obtained  prove  this  fact  beyond  the 
possibility  of  doubt.  This  class  of  spectra  re- 
veals a  constitution  similar  to  that  recently 
observed  in  certain  comets  belonging  to  our 
own  system. 

Velocity  of  Meteobic  Stones. — It  has  been 
quite  satisfactorily  proven  that  meteors,  before 
they  meet  with  the  retarding  influence  of  the 
earth's  atmosphere,  often  move  with  a  velocity 
several  thousand  times  that  of  a  cannon  ball  at 
the  instant  of  its  discharge.  If  a  cannon  ball 
could  be  made  to  move  with  such  velocity  it 
would  almost  instantly  be  destroyed,  and  dis- 
appear in  a  streak  of  flame.  It  is  probable, 
however,  that  the  impetus  necessary  to  impart 
such  a  velocity  would  at  once  reduce  to  powder 
any  brittle  substance  like  cast  iron  or  stone. 
Meteors  which  enter  the  atmosphere  at  any 
considerable  angle  from  a  direct  line  toward  its 
center  are  deflected  from  their  course  and  soon 
move  from  its  influence.  Such  is  no  doubt  the 
case  with  many  which  are  seen  to  flit  across 
the  sky;  while  many,  if  not  most  of  those  which 
enter  in  a  direct  line,  are  dissipated  into  im- 
palpable gasses  before  they  have  passed  half 
the  distance  from  the  solar  bounds  of  the  at- 
mosphere to  the  earth,  or  reach  the  earth  in  a 
state  of  impalpable  dust. 

Eruption  of  Meteoeites  feom  the  Sun. — 
The  theory  of  a  solar  origin  for  meteorites, 
however  strange  and  startling,  it  may  at  first 
sight  be,  can  by  no  means  be  condemned  as 
altogether  illusory.  Advocated  by  Mr.  Proctor 
in  Fraser's  Magazine,  for  April,  1871,  much  evi- 
dence in  its  favor  has  been  supplied  by  the  re- 
cent solar  researches  of  Secchi,  Young  and 
others .  In  brief,  it  is,  that  the  solar  promi- 
nences result  from  the  shooting  forth  of  liquid 
or  solid  masses  or  streams  of  matter,  and  that 
meteoric  masses,  or  at  least  some  meteorites, 
may  have  originated  in  this  manner,  being  pro- 
pelled from  beneath  the  surface  of  the  sun. 

Mr.  Bunyard,  in  a  recent  communication  to 
the  Royal  Astronomical  Society,  discussing  the 
nature  and  origin  of  the  upheaval  of  eruption 
prominences,  states  as  his  conclusion  that  the 
observed  phenomena,  and  all  other  considera- 
tions, go  far  to  render  it  probable  that  meteors 
are  formed  from  the  metallic  vapors  hurled 
from  the  sun  or  other  stars,  or  that  solid  masses 
may  be  so  hurled,  in  eruption  prominences. 

Mr.  F.  A.  Fleming  also  remarks  of  this  theory, 
that,  offering  as  it  does  a  possible  account  of 
the  genesis  of  prominences  and  meteorites,  it 
appears  also  to  contain  the  germ  of  another 
hypothesis,  which  he  develops,  respecting  the 
cause  of  the  connection  between  solar  eruption 
and  terrestrial  magnetism. 


The  Transit  op  Venus. — Professor  Henry 
and  other  scientific  men  connected  with  the 
Smithsonian  Institute  and  the  Naval  Observa- 
tory have  united  in  an  interesting  memorial  to 
Congress  urging  the  appropriation  of  $150,000 
to  make  extensive  and  thorough  preparation 
for  observing  the  transit  of  Venus  across  the 
sun,  which  will  take  place  in  1874,  which  is 
looked  upon  as  the  most  important  astronomi- 
cal event  that  has  occurred  for  many  years. 
The  last  transit  was  in  1792,  and  excited  so 
much  interest  in  the  scientific  world  that  sev- 
eral European  Governments  made  liberal  ap- 
propriations to  enable  their  astronomers  to 
take  observations.  The  transit  of  1874  will 
not  be  visible  in  this  country,  and  will  be 
best  seen  from  the  islands  of  the  South  Pacific 
and  Indian  oceans.  It  is  proposed  to  send  na- 
val expeditions  to  those  points,  accompanied 
by  scientific  parties.  The  Governments  of 
many  of  ,the  countries  of  Europe  have  already 
taken  steps  to  this  end,  and  there  is  little  doubt 
that  Congress  will  enable  the  astronomers  of 
this  country  to  have  the  same  advantages  as 
their  foreign  brethren. 

The  proposed  tunnel  under  Mt.  St.  Gothard 
will  be  about  twice  as  long  as  the  Mt.  Cenis 
tunnel,  and  it  will  pass  under  peaks  varying 
in  bight  from  8,750  feet  to  10,000.  The  princi- 
pal advantage  anticipated  from  the  work  is  an 
increase  in  the  facilities  for  trade  and  travel 
between  Europe  and  Asia,  by  way  of  Italy. 


Passivity  of  Iron,  Cadmium,  and  Tin  .—Many 
years  ago  Faraday  pointed  out  that  when  iron 
was  plunged  into  nitric  acid  sufficiently  concen- 
trated, it  became  possessed  of  a  surface  condi- 
tion which  rendered  it  indifferent  to  the  strong- 
est acid;  and  which  enabled  it  to  form  a  voltaic 
eireuit  with  ordinary  iron.  That  such  iron  has 
really  been  decidedly  altered  in  character  is  also 
evinced  by  the  fact  that  it  refuses  to  reduce 
copper  from  solution  of  its  salts.  Dr.  Scnon 
has  observed  that  if  cadmium  is  wrapped  round 
with  some  platinum  wire,  it  may  be  placed  in 
strong  nitric  acid  without  being  in  the  least  de- 
gree acted  upon;  but  if  the  wire  is  removed  the 
cadmium  is  instantly  attacked,  thus  showing 
that  the  passivity  of  the  cadmium  is  entirely 
due  to  its  contact  with  the  platinum.  The 
author  also  states  that  when  tin  is  treated  in  a 
similar  manner  it  exhibits  like  phenomena. 

Dangerous  Gas  Pipes.  —  The  Journal  dc 
VBclairage  notices  an  accident  which  gives  new 
proof  of  the  danger  attending  the  use  of  copper 
gas  pipes.  In  April  last,  a  workman  having 
with  a  triangular  file  cut  almost  half  through  a 
gas-pipe  of  red  copper  yh  inch  interior  diam- 
eter, which  supplied  the  Liege  station,  was  re- 
moving the  tool,  when  an  explosion  took  place, 
with  a  noise  like  the  report  of  a  rifle,  and  the 
workman  was  much  burnt.  A  similar  accident 
happened  subsequently,  but  with  less  intensity, 
and  the  workman,  who  was  not  injured,  did  not 
report  the  circumstance.  Some  gas-pipes  hav- 
ing been  taken  down,  they  were  found  covered 
with  a  blackish  coating,  and  they  showed  evi- 
dent signs  of  corrosion  from  ammoniacal  con- 
densation. The  black  matter  was  analyzed, 
and  was  found  to  consist  of  acetylide  of  copper, 
which  explodes  between  203  deg.  and  248  deg., 
producing  water,  copper,  carbon,  carbonic  acid, 
and  traces  of  carbonic  oxide. 


The  Espy  Rain  Theory. — It  is  stated  that 
notwithstanding  the  continued  and  wide-spread 
fires  which  prevailed  for  four  or  five  weeks  in 
Northern  Illinois,  last  summer,  devastating 
forests  over  a  large  area,  not  a  drop  of  rain 
fell,  as  might  have  been  expected,  if  the  Espy 
rain  theory  is  correct.  The  rain  only  came 
with  a  change  of  wind  to  northward,  and  sev- 
eral days  after  the  worst  burnings  were  over 
with. 

On  the  contrary,  heavy  rains  followed  imme- 
diately after  the  great  fire  in  Chicago.  Possi- 
bly the  occurrence  of  rain  in  the  latter  instance 
was  due  to  the  greater  intensity  and  concentra- 
tion of  heat. 


TJnexttnguishable  Signal  Lamp.— Some  ex- 
periments have  been  made  in  Tamise,  with  the 
unextinguishable  self-lighting  signal  lamp  of 
Holmes,  and  they  promise  a  great  success. 
The  lamp  is  a  cylinder  of  tin,  with  a  conical 
top ;  the  cylinder  is  filled  with  phosphuret  of 
calcium,  prepared  by  the  inventor.  When  the 
lamp  is  plunged  in  water,  this  liquid,  entering 
the  cylinder,  effects  the  decomposition  of  the 
phosphuret;  phosphuretted  hydrogen  is  disen- 
gaged in  large  quantity  with  vapor  of  phosphor- 
us, takes  fire  spotaneously,  and  burns  with  a 
brilliant  flame. — LesMondes. 


Cleansing  "Wool  From  Buees. — The  wool  is 
soaked  in  a  bath  containing  2  ft>s.  alum  to  every 
10  lbs.  of  wool  and  to  this  sulphuric  acid  added 
until- the  bath  marks  6  deg.  B.  In  this  bath 
the  wool  should  remain  until  its  appearance 
shows  that  the  bath  has  had  its  effect,  when  it 
must  be  taken  out  and  thoroughly  drained.  It 
is  then  subjected  to  the  action  of  a  brushing 
machine  which  removes  all  the  burrs. 


The  Greenland  Meteorites.  —  Professor 
Nordenskiold  states  that  the  masses  of  me- 
teoric iron  brought  from  Greenland  by  the  re- 
cent Sweedish  expedition  seem  to  have  formed 
the  principle  masses  of  enormous  meteoric  fall 
of  miocene  date,  extending  over  an  area  of  some 
two  hundred  square  miles.  The  iron  appears 
to  be  free  from  silicates.  Professor  Ramsey 
thinks  the  masses  may  be  of  telluric  origin. 

An  Acoustic  Experiment. — Let  a  wide  glass 
tube,  open  at  both  ends,  be  taken,  and  in  this  a 
piece  of  fine  wire  gauze  be  pushed  up  some 
little  distance.  If  the  gauze  is  now  heated  to 
redness  over  an  ordinary  Bunsen  burner,  and 
then  removed,  it  will  shortly  emit  a  shrill  note, 
lasting  from  5 — 10  seconds.  The  experiment 
we  believe  will  be  new  to  most  of  our  readers, 
and  has  the  merit  of  always  going  off. 

An  Expeeimental  Gas  'Works. — The  German 
Society  of  Gas  and  Water  Experts  have  under 
consideration  a  plan  for  establishing  an  experi- 
mental gas  works,  for  the  purpose  of  deciding 
various  questions  which  may  arise  in  the  de- 
tails of  their  profession,  by  actual  experiment. 
The  proposed  plan,  if  adopted,  will  be  upon  a 
large  scale,  so  as  to  reproduce,  as  far  as  possible, 
all  the  conditions  met  with  in  practice. 

Large  Sun  Spot. — Professor  S.  P.  Langley 
of  the  Alleghany  Observatory,  has  computed 
the  area  of  one  of  the  spots  lately  visible  near 
the  center  of  the  sun's  disc,  from  careful  meas- 
urement, and  found  it  exceeded  2,300,000  square 
miles,  which  is  more  than  ten  times  the  entire 
area  of  the  earth. 


Removal  of  spots  made  by  sugar,  from  goods 
with  delicate  colors  and  much  sizing.  The  spot 
should  be  rubbed  with  a  damp  cloth,  and  then 
with  a  piece  of  fresh  bread,  which  will  remove 
the  saccharine  matter  without  affecting  the 
color. 


The  principal  supply  of  bismuth  is  derived 
from  Bolivia,  but  it  has  recently  Ibeen  discov- 
ered in  Australia. 


244 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  20,  1872. 


INING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned 


California. 

AMADOR  COUNTY- 

Barlow  Mine. — Jackson  Ledge)-,  April 
15:  The  workmen  have  struck  some  ex- 
ceedingly rich  rock  on  the  lower  level, 
and  there  is  every  indication  of  a  fine 
heavy  lead  heing  opened  up  soon. 

Quartz. — Mr.  McCauley,  of  the  mine 
bearing  his  name,  located  below  the  Ken- 
nedy, is  having  about  80  tons  of  rock 
hauled  to  the  Kearsing  mill. 

Fine  Book. — Several  pounds  of  quartz 
rock  from  the  State  of  Maine  mine  were 
left  at  our  office  a  few  days  ago,  literally 
sparkling  with  gold.  The  rock  was  taken 
from  the  main  ledge  and  is  said  to  be  not 
over  the  general  average  at  present  depth. 
Since  reaching  water  level  in  sinking,  the 
ledge  has  rapidly  increased  in  richness. 
The  quartz  being  taken  out  is  the  regular 
ribbon  rock.  That  in  the  office  would 
mill  at  least  $75  per  ton. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Insktp  Quartz  Mill. — Oroville  Record, 
April  13:  The  mill,  running  4  stamps,  has 
recently  commenced  work.  A  tunnel  has 
been  run  some  300  ft.,  striking  the  ledge 
at  a  depth  of  about  70  ft.  from  the  surface, 
producing  quartz  which  looks  well  and 
exhibits  free  gold.  The  mill  is  running 
upon  this  rock,  and  those  in  charge  are 
feeling  confident  and  happy. 

Rattlesnake  Creek  Mines. — Chico  En- 
terprise, April  13:  Charles  Slocum,  Richard 
Shepley,  and  Edward  Fulton  have  '  'struck 
it  big"  in  their  claim  on  Rattlesnake  Creek, 
near  Magalia  (Dogtown) .  LaBt  week  they 
found  a  nugget  of  pure  gold  weighing  15 
ozs. ,  and  another  valued  at  $105,  besides 
several  smaller  pieces.  These  large  speci- 
mens are  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  yield, 
which  is  quite  rich. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Tunnel  Progressing.— Calaveras  OJiron- 
ilce,  April  13:  Champion,  Colby  &  Co., 
who  contracted  to  run  a  bedrock!  tunnel 
800  ft.  in  connection  with  Clark's  great 
hydraulic  claim  at  Railroad  Flat,  are 
making  rapid  progress.  They  have  already 
accomplished  250  ft.  of  the  distance 
through  the  hardest  rock  expeoted  to  be 
encountered.  The  object  in  running  the 
tunnel  is  to  facilitate  the  working  of  the 
hydraulic  by  obtaining  greater  fall  for  the 
water  used  in  washing. 

Machinery. — The  proprietors  of  the 
Prussian  Hill  at  Railroad  Flat  are  remov- 
ing the  French  mill,  in  Rich  Gulch, 
which  they  recently  purchased,  to  the 
former  place.  A  portion  of  the  machinery 
has  already  been  freighted  to  railroad  and 
the  rest  of  it  will  be  moved  as  fast  as 
possible.  A  large  amount  of  good  rock  is 
in  readiness  to  be  put  through  the  battery 
as  soon  as  it  is  placed  in  position. 

Crushing. — Clark's  mill  atRailroad  Flat 
is  crushing  a  lot  of  rock  from  the  old 
Frank  Barney  mine  at  Mosquito.  We  are 
informed  the  yield  will  be  large. 

Hudson  Mine. — The  shaft  on  the  Hud- 
son at  Central  Hill  has  reached  a  depth  of 
120  ft.  The  ledge  continues  to  develop 
most  favorably.  , 

Comanche. — Cor.  same:  Since  water  has 
become  plentiful  mining  has  been  resumed 
with  energy.  Tne  Poverty  Bar  claims  are 
all  in  operation.  Mr.  Story  has  2  hy- 
draulio  claims  in  full  blast,  just  below  that 
place  on  the  Mokelumne  river.  At  pres- 
ent he  is  busy  running  off  surface  dirt. 
In  most  of  these  claims  along  the  river  the 
gravel  is  buried  beneath  a  layer  of  sand 
some  30  feet  or  more  in  depth,  which  has 
to  be  removed  in  order  to  reach  the  pay 
dirt.  The  Lipkeman  claim,  adjoining 
Storey's  is'  rushing  things  and  I  under- 
stand is  proving  remunerative  to  the 
owner. 
EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Again  Worked. — Placerville  Democrat, 
April  10:  The  soap  stone  ledge  or  quarry 
formerly  owned  and  worked  to  some  ex- 
tent by  Patterson,  near  Darlington's,  is 
again  being  worked.  Hollihan  &  Co.  are 
now  the  proprietors,  and  are  opening  the 
quarry  or  ledge  with  a  view  to  permanent 
operation. 
FRESNO  COUNTY. 

Work  Resumed. — Millerton  Expositor, 
April  10:  Work  has  been  resumed  on  the 
Baltimore  copper  mine  at  Buchanan. 
The  pumps  were  started  up  last  week  and 
the  mine  cleared  of  water. 
NAPA  COUNTY. 

Oakville  Mines. — Napa  Reporter,  April 
13:  The  Sup.  of  the  Oakville  mine  says 
that  the  prospect  is  excellent.  The  mine 
is  now  rather  being  prospected  than 
worked,  and  yet  they  are  reducing  from  8 


to  10  tons  per  day  of  ore  as  it  comes,  rang- 
ing from  1  to  5  per  cent.  The  monthly 
yield  is  about  10,000  lbs.,  or  150  flasks. 
It  is  estimated  that  there  are  at  least  10,- 
000  tons  of  ore  in  sight. 

NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Bricks. — Grass  Valley  Union,  April  9: 
We  saw  yesterday  2  gold  bricks  at  Findley 
&  Co's.  Bank,  the  clean  up  of  the  blank- 
ets for  2  weeks'  run  at  the  Idaho  mine; 
the  amount  of  which  was  724%  ozs.  of  pure 
gold  of  the  value  of  $12,675. 

Started  Up. — The  Hope  Gravel  Co., 
which  has  been  standing  idle  for  several 
months,  on  account  of  the  great  body  of 
water  which  had  to  be  contended  with, 
started  up  its  engine  yesterday  to  pump 
out  the  mine. 

Greenhorn. — This  mine  is  improving 
with  gratifying  rapidity.  The  shaft  is 
down  230  ft. ,  and  the  ledge  is  from  18  in- 
ches to  3  ft.  in  thickness.  The  ore  is 
improving  in  quality  with  the  size  of  the 
ledge. 

Shipment. — Friday,  Findley  &  Co.  ship- 
ped to  S.  F.  gold  to  the  value  of  $23,- 
700. 

Town  Talk. — The  last  clean-up  of  this 
mine,  for  2  weeks'  run,  from  the  battery 
plates  alone  was  60  ozs.,  worth  $1,320. 

Daisy  Hell. — The  shaft  at  the  mine  is 
down  230  ft.  to  a  new  station.  A  drift 
of  15  ft.  has  been  run,  and  preparations 
are  being  made  for  taking  out  rock. 

Reese  &  Depew's  Claim. — The  celebra- 
ted Reese  &  Depew  ground,  on  Randolph 
Hill,  continues  to  pay.  The  shaft  has 
been  sunk  21  ft.  in  depth  and  the  dirt 
taken  out  yielded  $120.  The  amount  of 
dirt  washed  was  less  than  a  ton.  The 
ledge  has  increased  in  size  and  shows  it- 
self to  be  more  truly  quartz  than  it  did  on 
the  croppings. 

Items. — The  Gold  Hill  mill  has  been 
kept  quite  busy  since  favorable  weather 
set  in,  in  crushing  for  different  prospect- 
ing Co's.  and  the  crushings  have  been 
quite  favorable. 

Hunt  &  Talbot  have  had  20  loads  crush- 
ed from  the  Erie  mine,  which  yielded  in 
the  aggregate  $1,200  or  $60  to  the  load. 

Donahue  &  Ryan,  from  their  claim  on 
Woodpecker  ravine,  have  had  a  crushing 
of  20  loads,  which  returned  $784.75,  or 
about  $65.50  per  load. 

The  last  crushing  at  the  mill  was  from 
the  Blue  Lead  Co's.  claim,  (being  on  the 
same  lead  as  the  lone  and  Union  Jack)  and 
the  clean-up  gave  a  result  for  16  loads  of 
32.50  per  ton.  Work  on  the  claim  has 
been  resumed  lately  (being  suspended  du- 
ring the  winter.*)  Last  fall  the  pay  chute 
was  from  18  to  20  ft.  on  the  ledge;  but  at 
the  present  time,  and  from  where  the  re- 
cent crushing  was  taken,  the  pay  chute 
has  widened  from  45  to  50  f t. ,  and  is  in- 
creasing in  width  as  work  is  continued 
downward  on  the  ledge. 

Willow  Valley.— Nevada  Transcript, 
April  11th:  The  prospects  in  Willow  Val- 
ley are  better  this  season  than  ever  before. 
The  Murchie  mine,  the  Buckeye,  Buchan- 
nan  and  Bradley  &  Co.'s  ledge  are  all 
yielding  handsomely,  and  a  number  of 
others  are  being  prospected,  At  least  150 
men  will  be  at  work  before  the  Fall.  Sev- 
eral other  ledges  have  recently  been  lo- 
cated, and  the  old  Lecompton  will  be  soon 
worked  again. 

Rich  Strike.  —  The  Buckeye  Com- 
pany, are  working  the  Buckeye  ledge  at 
the  head  of  Willow  Valley.  They  are  down 
200  ft.,  and  on  Tuesday  they  struck  very 
rick  rock.  It  is  filled  with  fine  gold,  and 
the  ledge  is  about  3  ft.  thick.  On  Tues- 
day Mr.  Kitts  brought  in  a  specimen 
weighing  VA  or  2  lbs.,  worth  about  $20. 
The  Buckeye  has  hoisting  works  up,  and 
they  have  out  nearly  100  tons  of  rock. 

Bradley  Ledge. — The  ledge  of  Bradley 
&  Ross,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  Buck- 
eye,, is  being  worked.  They  are  down  as 
deep  as  they  can  go  on  account  of  water, 
and  are  preparing  to  put  up  machinery. 
The  ledge  is  about  1  %  ft.  thick,  and  the 
pays  from  $40  to  $60  per  ton. 

New  Mill. — The  Providence  Co.  has 
purchased  the  10-stamp  mill  which  stood 
upon  the  Green  Mt.  mine  at  Quaker  Hill. 
The  machinery  has  all  been  removed  to 
the  mine  on  Deer  Creek,  and  the  mill  will 
be  put  up  at  that  place  to  crush  the  rock 
from  the  Providence  mine. 

Enterprise. — Murchie  Co.  are  taking 
out  lots  of  rock  from  their  mine  near  Deer 
Creek,  and  the  8-stamp  mill  is  kept  in 
constant  operation.  They  cleaned  up 
lately  from  100  tons  of  rock  about  35  lbs 
of  gold,  and  they  have  a  ledge  2%  ft. 
thick,  with  plenty  of  new  rock  of  the  same 
kind. 

Mining. — A  number  of  new  mines  are 
being  worked  with  good  prospect.  Out 
near  the  slaughter  house  on  Mud  Flat 
some  excellent  quartz  has  been  taken  out. 
The  Providence,  Gold  Tunnel,  Rising  Star, 


Pennsylvania,  Quartz  and  Gravel  mine, 
the  Pittsburg,  Banner,  Buckeye,  Buchan- 
an, Mono,  Auburn  and  a  number  of  others 
are  being  worked,  and  there  is  a  prospect 
of  the  starting  up  of  the  California  and 
Illinois.  On  Gold  Flat,  Deer  Creek,  Wil- 
low Valley,  Rock  Creek  and  in  other  local- 
ities a  good  deal  of  quartz  prospecting  is 
going  on,  and  the  prospectors  are  meeting 
everywhere  with  good  encouragement. 

PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Struck  It.— Quincy  National,  April  6th: 
Dr.  Murtery  &  Co.,  who  took  up  an  exten- 
sion claim  on  the  Betterton  ledge  some 
time  since,  have  prospected  the  same  and 
found  it  to  be  equally  as  good  as  that  of 
Betterton. 

Indian  Valley  Mines. — John  D.  Comp- 
ton  is  crushing  constantly  on  high  grade 
rock.  His  ledge  is  4  ft.  wide,  and  increas- 
ing in  width.  Applegarth  &  Drake,  at  the 
Indian  Valley  mine,  have  their  32-stamp 
mill  running  on  good  rock  from  the  east 
chute,  which  opens  up  splendidly.  They 
have  developed  a  large  amount  of  rock 
which  is  first-class.  The  Greenville, 
which  is  on  the  same  vein,  is  doing  a  good 
business,  running  their  12-stamp  steam 
mill  on  rock  which  pays  $20  per  ton. 
Their  new  level,  450  ft.  from  the  surface, 
is  nearly  completed,  which  will  give  three 
years  rock  for  a  24-stamp  mill,  which  is  to 
be  commenced  at  once.  With  this  addi- 
tion they  will  be  able  to  handle  60  tons  of 
quartz  per  day.  The  Genesee  Valley  mine 
has  a  first-class  vein  of  high-grade  ore  in 
sight. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bricks. — San  Diego  Bulletin,  April  6th: 
During  the  week  2  bricks  have  been  re- 
ceived at  the  bank  from  the  Stonewall 
mine,  weighing  respectively  40  and  39  ozs. 

Shipped. — Bullion  to  the  amount  of 
$1,275  was  shipped  by  steamer  on  the  4th 
inst. 

Bullion. — Forty  ounces  of  gold  were 
received  at  the  bank  Wednesday,  the  pro- 
duct of  the  Ready  Relief. 

TRINITY  COUNTY. 

Weaverville,  Journal,  April  13  :  Big 
Thing. — The  claim  of  H.  Lorenz  &  Co.,  at 
North  Fork,  is  paying  well.  A  new  and 
very  rich  channel  has  been  found. 

Disoovery  of  Rich  Gravel. — Whitmore 
&  Co.,  in  working  the  old  Simonds  claim 
on  the  southwest  side  of  Trinity  river, 
above  Junction  City,  on  a  plateau  400  ft. 
above  the  riverbed,  tailed  through  a  large 
flat — the  water  from  the  claim  naturally 
cut  its  way  through  the  red  cement  and 
gravel  to  the  bed-rock,  in  its  rapid  descent 
to  the  river,  exposing  one  of  the  richest 
blue  gravel  leads  ever  seen  in  this  county. 
The  lead  is  200  ft  wide  with  an  average 
depth  of  20  ft.  The  lead  as  exposed  runs 
diagonally  through  a  level  plain  of  some 
200  acres  that  has  been  prospected  in  many 
places  without  striking  pay -gravel. 

Canon  Creek. — Cor.  same  :  Wilt  & 
Wolff  Bros,  made  a  partial  clean-up  in 
their  Mogul  Hill  (big  blast)  claim  last 
week,  merely  to  prospectit,  which  resulted 
very  well. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT- 
Prospectors. — Eureka    Sentinel,    April 
10:  A  party  of  4  prospectors  left  yesterday 
for  the    Colorado    gold    mines.    Another 
batch  leaves  to-day. 

Magnolia. — Work  is  being  vigorously 
prosecuted  on  the  Newport  series  of  the 
Magnolia  Co.'s  mines.  The  main  shaft  is 
down  something  over  130  ft.  and  the  ledge 
is  continually  widening  and  improving. 
The  ore  is  said  to  be  as  fine  as  any  found 
in  that  part  of  the  district. 

Lemon  Co. — The  mill  will  soon  be  ready 
for  active  operations,  the  White  furnace 
being  rapidly  approaching  completion. 

Corona  Cons. — There  are  8  claims  con- 
solidated under  this  organization,  compris- 
ing some  of  the  most  promising  mines  in 
the  dist.  The  General  Supt.  will  be  here 
the  first  of  next  week  with  an  ample  work- 
ing capital  to  put  the  mines  in  a  thorough 
state  of  development. 

Moray  Dist. — We  were  honored  with  a 
call  from  Mr.  Ogden,  who  represents  a 
Co.  of  New  York  capitalists  whose  proper- 
ty is  located  in  Moray  dist.  75  miles  south 
from  this  point.  The  Co.  are  about  erect- 
ing a  large  mill  in  that  dist. 

Pinto. — The  various  mines  of  the  Co. 
are  looking  splendidly.  There  are  large 
quantities  of  ore  on  the  several  dumps. 
The  mill  will  probably  start  up  about  the 
first  of  May  for  a  steady  run  through  this 
summer. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.— Ely  Record,  April  7:  W.  F. 
&  Co.  shipped  to-day  bullion  valued  at 
$14,937.23. 

Pioohe. — White  Pine  News,  April  6:  The 
shaft  on  the  Bowery  is  down  200  ft.    A 


level  will  start  to  cut  the  chimney  of  ore 
found  above  in  the  80-ft.  level.  Hoisting 
from  the  100-f t.  level  from  the  west  side  of 
the  shaft,  and  shipping  to  mill.  There  is 
about  300  tons  of  ore  on  the  dumps.  Ma- 
terial for  hoisting  works  is  on  the  way 
from  S.  F.  ' 

Page  &  Panaoa.— The  shaft,  down  152 
ft.,  is  one  of  the  finest  timbered  shafts  in 
the  district.  The  ledge  was  cut  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft.  Have  drifted  66  ft.  east 
and  20  ft.  west.  The  vein  is  from  4  to  5  ft . 
wide,  showing  bunches  of  fine  mineral. 
The  ledge  was  tapped  on  top  of  the  chim- 
ney. The  Supt.  will  sink  the  shaft  200  ft. 
deeper  in  orderto  tap  the  main  ore-body. 
Hoisting  works  and  reserving  engine  will 
be  put  up  soon. 

Ingomar. — The  Sup't  is  putting  down  a 
shaft.  It  is  said  there  is  a  fine  body  of  ore 
in  sight,  assaying  as  high  as  $450  per  ton. 

Lehigh.  — Sinking  a  vertical  shaft  to  cut 
the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  200  ft.  The  shaft 
is  down  60  ft. 

The  Bowery  Mill,  at  Bullionville,  com- 
menced working  on  the  21st  of  March,  and 
turns  out  bullion  to  the  amount  of  $1,500 
per  day  from  the  Bowery  mine. 

Bullion. — Beno  Crescent,  April  6:  Dur- 
ing the  first  6  days  of  this  month,  there 
has  passed  through  W,,  F.  &  Co.'s  office, 
in  Reno,  16,222  lbs.  of  bullion.  The  value 
of  this  will  not  fall  short  of  half  a  million 
dollars. 

WASHOE. 

Hale  &  Noroross. — Virginia  Enterprise, 
April  11:  In  the  mine  drifts  to  the  south- 
ward are  being  run  on  both  the  9th  and 
10th  levels  ;  the  10th  corresponds  to  the 
1,500-ft  level  of  ths  Savage.  These  drifts 
are  being  run  in  the  rock  lying  west  of  the 
vein,  and  are  about  200  ft  in  length.  In 
driving  through  the  west  country  rock 
occasional  streaks  of  ore  have  been  met 
with,  which  makes  the  Co.  quite  confident 
of  finding  good  bodies  of  ore  when  they 
come  to  cross-cut.  When  they  are  as  far 
south  as  they  intend  going,  they  will  start 
several  cross-cuts  on  the  drifts  on  the  2 
levels  named. 

Big  Work. — The  new  Eureka  Mill,  Car- 
son river.isdailyproducing  160  tonsof  ore, 
and  all  the  machinery  is  not  yet  running. 
Soon  the  whole  of  the  stamps  will  be 
started  up,  when  180  tons  of  ore  will  be 
put  through  the  mill. 

Savage.— In  the  drift  on  the  1,500-ft 
level  some  water  was  struck,  and  also  some 
quartz  which  promises  well  for  ore.  The 
ore  body  on  the  1,400-ft  level,  near  the 
winze,  is  improving  in  appearance. 

Good  Ore. — A  body  of  excellent  ore, 
about  4  ft  in  width,  was  struck  in  the  in- 
cline from  the  upper  tunnel  of  the  Globe, 
day  before  yesterday.  The  ore  was  found 
at  the  bottom  of  the  incline,  about  60  ft 
below  the  level  of  the  tunnel.  An  assay 
of  what  was  selected  as  average  rock  went 
$42  40.  Some  very  good  ore  has  also  been 
found  in  the  raise  from  the  tunnel  of  the 
Arizona  and  Utah,  a  mine  adjoining  the 
Globe  on  tlvi  north  and  on  the  same  lead. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — The  Tunnel  was  in  on 
the  7th  inst.  2,821  ft— ground  hard.  Shaft 
No.  1  is  down  145  ft ;  No.  2  is  down  327 
ft  ;  No.  4  is  down  172  ft ;  No.  4  is  down 
145  ft.  In  the  last  mentioned  shaft  the 
ground  is  very  hard  and  a  considerable 
quantity  of  water  is  coming  in. 

New  Mill. — A  new  and  first  class  mill 
will  shortly  be  erected  on  the  site  of  the 
old  Bock  Point  mill  at  Dayton. 

March  Yleld. — During  March  there 
was  worked  of  Crown  Point  ore  10,753 
tons,  which  yielded  $630,848  01— being  at 
the  rate  of  $58  67  per  ton. 

Con.  Virginia. — This  Co.  are  actively 
engaged  in  opening  out  and  re-timbering 
various  drifts  and  tunnels  on  the  500-ft 
level.  They  are  getting  things  into  shape 
for  aotive  operations. 

Big  Yield. — The  yield  of  ore  of  the 
Crown  Point  for  the  week  ending  April  5, 
was  3,003  tons.  The  estimated  value  of 
that  sent  to  the  mills  was  $197,793  56. 

Bullion. — We  yesterday  saw  upon  the 
counter  of  the  Bank  of  Cal.  silver  bricks 
to  the  amount  of  $100,000. 

The  new  Overman  shaft  is  down  690  ft 
and  the  Caledonia  shaft  is  down  about 
600. 

The  Yellow  Jacket  Co.  are  taking  out 
about  100  tons  of  ore  per  day,  and  at  the 
same  time  are  doing  a  considerable  amount 
of  deep  prospecting. 

Ophtr.— The  drift  south  on  the  1,100-ft 
level  is  in  138  ft  south  of  where  the  main 
drift  from  the  shaft  cuts  the  lead.  It  is 
being  run  in  the  east  country,  and  during 
its  progress  numerous  streaks  of  qnartz 
have  been  cut.  Though  these  streaks  con- 
tain no  ore,  the  rock  shows  by  assay  a 
small  per  cent,  in  gold  and  silver.  When 
the  cross-outs  are  made  4  or  5  will  be 
started  at  once.    The  drift  north  on  the 


April  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


245 


same  level  is  in  108  ft  The  indications  in 
that  direction  are  not  so  favorable  as  to  the 
southward.  On  the  1,300-ft  level  thedrift 
west,  toward  the  lead,  is  in  30  ft. 

The  Loweb  Levels. — The  indications  in 
the  1,100-ft  level  of  the  Ophir  are  quite 
nattering  and  the  ground  at  the  bottom  of 
the  Imperial  Empire  shuft  is  presenting  a 
more  lively  appearance  than  has  yet  been 
observed  in  any  deep  workings  in  that 
vicinity.  In  fact,  throughout  the  whole 
length  of  the  Comstock  the  "  situation"  is 
most  flattering. 

Justice. — The  water  is  lowerod  in  the 
main  shaft  to  a  point  i)G  ft  below  the  third 
station.  The  shaft  will  be  drainod  in  about 
&  days,  when  the  Co.  will  bo  ready  to 
resume  work  on  their  east  drift.  This 
drift  is  in  80  ft,  and  it  is  expected  that  the 
lead  will  be  cut  in  going  a  further  distance 
of  25  or  SO  ft. 

Crown  Point.— Gold  Hill  News,  April 
C:  By  means  of  double  cages  and  the  best 
hoisting  maohinory  on  the  Comstock  ledge, 
abont  500  tons  per  day  is  the  yield  of  this 
mine.  Tho  working  levels  in  the  rich  do- 
posit  are  yielding  well  and  regularly,  aud 
the  assays  of  ore  from  the  1,200-ft  level 
average  nearly  8100  per  ton.  The  extent 
of  this  great  ore  body  is  undefined  and 
simply  immense.  The  produot  of  the 
mine  during  the  present  month  will  prob- 
able be  $1,000,000. 

Imperial  Eslpike. — Tho  great  shaft  of 
the  Imperial  and  Empire  Co.  is  1,300  ft 
deep,  and  the  bottom  being  in  the  hard, 
west  country  rock,  an  incline'  was  started 
from  the  1,300-ft  level,  following  the  west 
wall  of  the  ledge  at  an  angle  of  42  deg. 
When  it  reached  the  1,500-ft  level  of  the 
mine  a  station  was  opened  foradeveloping 
drift  at  that  point,  and  the  incline  con- 
tinued down  175  ft  further  in  length, 
attaining  a  perpendicular  depth  of  1,600 
ft.  Another  station  will  soon  be  opened, 
when  the  ledge  can  be  prospected  at  two 
vital  points.  The  incline  is  still  being 
continued.  The  rock  is  very  hard,  but 
blasts  well,  and  good  progress  is  made. 
No  water  is  encountered  at  that  depth. 
The  old  mines  of  the  Co.  are  not  being 
worked  at  present,  but  both  combine  in 
this  great  shaft. 

WHITE  PINE. 

Bullion. — W.,  F.  &  Co.  shipped  from 
this  city,  to-day,  to  London,  for  Eberhardt 
&  Aurora  M.  Co.  (limited) ,  3  bars,  weigh- 
ing 207  ft>s.,  valued  at  §3,882.04. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines — North  Aurora. 
Since  last  review  the  Eberhardt  &  Aurora 
Co.  have  leased  the  right  of  way  through 
the  South  Aurora  tunnel.  A  contract  is 
let  to  run  through  to  the  Bisdale  shaft. 
There  is  a  strip  of  unprospeoted  ground  be- 
tween the  south  line  of  the  North  Aurora 
and  the  Bisdale  shaft,  and  the  probability 
is  that  another  chamber  of  ore  will  be 
found  before  connection  is  made  with  the 
Bisdale  chamber.  The  tunnel  will  tap  the 
ore  body  at  a  greater  depth  than  any  of  the 
present  workings.  The  ore  in  the  Bisdale 
chamber  has  increased  in  body  since  last 
mentioned  in  our  report,  and  the  grade 
has  not  changed.  Hoisting  day  and  night 
through  the  Bisdale  shaft.  Seventy-five 
tons  of  ore  are  raised  every  24  hours,  that 
mills  over  $100  to  the  ton. 

South  Sheboygan.— A  tunnel  is  being 
run  in  from  the  O'Neil  Grade  to  cut  the 
ore  deposit.  The  formation  is  shale.  Only 
one  shaft  at  work.  It  goes  ahead  at  the 
rate  of  3  ft.  per  day.  Should  the  rock  re- 
main as  favorable  as  at  present,  the  ore- 
body  will  be  reached  inside  of  2  months. 
The  tunnel  is  in  60  ft.  It  is  calculated  that 
90  ft.  more  will  cut  the  ore. 

Eberhardt. — Breasting  out  south  of  the 
Keystone  shaft.  The  ore  is  piled  back  at 
present.  As  soon  as  the  weather  moder- 
ates it  will  be  shipped  by  tramway  to  mill. 

Second  South  Ex.  op  Hidden  Treasure. 
Since  our  last  visit  a  drift  has  been  started 
to  run  south  from  the  bottom  of  the  An- 
chor incline.  There  is  a  fair  quality  of 
milling  ore  in  sight.  The  grade  has  im- 
proved since  last  examined.  The  drifts 
running  to  connect  the  North  shaft  with 
the  Anchor  are  making  good  headway. 

Ward  Beecher. — The  east  drift  from 
the  Lady's  chamber  isj  under  the  winze 
of  the  Lady's  chamber.  As  soon  as  winter 
subsides,  a  force  of  men  will  be  put  on  in 
the  open  cut.  It  is  estimated  that  there 
are  5,000  tons  of  fair  milling  ore  in  sight 
in  the  different  openings. 

Beecher  Con. — The  east  drift  is  going 
ahead  in  good  ore.  It  is  rumored  that  the 
mine  will  start  up  with  a  full  force  of  men, 
when  the  Supt.  arrives. 

San  Juan  del  Bio. — Work  on  this  mine 
goes  ahead  as  usual. 

East  Sheboygan. — The  ore  in  the  ore- 
chamber  and  west  cross-cut  holds  up  to 
the  usual  grade. 

South  Aurora,.— A  force  of  6 men  is  em- 
ployed sinking  the  shaft  in   the  east  drift. 


Work  is  suspended  for  a  time  in  the  other 
workings  of  the  mine. 

Noonday. — A  foroe  of  5  men  is  at  work 
breasting  out. 

Silver  Wave. — Supt.  Fleming  has  let  a 
contract  to  sink  the  Perkins  shaft  50  ft. 
deeper.  A  fair  quality  of  ore  is  extracted 
from  the  Boswell  shaft. 

Copper  Glance. — Ore  of  a  fair  grade 
has  been  found.  A  drift  has  been  pushed 
ahead  for  the  purpose  of  finding  the  extent 
of  the  ore-body. 

S<  hell  Creek  Mines.— Tho  El  Capitan 
and  Woodburn  mineshave  been  purchased. 
Tho  understanding  is  that  mills  will  bo 
erected  at  an  early  day.  The  mines  at 
Uuby  Hill,  whore  openings  havo  been  made, 
show  rich  ore.  The  great  want  is  custom- 
mills  to  work  the  ore. 

Colorado. 

Items. — Colorado  Miner,  April  6th:  G. 
W.  Hall  crushed,  sacked  and  shipped, 
since  last  report,  45,471  His. 

Campbell  &  Clark  shipped,  for  March, 
on  account  of  owners,  31,348  lbs. 

Baily  &  Nott  shipped,  since  last  week's 
report,  20%  tons.  On  hand  and  sacked 
for  shipment,  250  tons. 

Palmer  &  Nichols  have  resumed  ship- 
ments of  bullion.  Bar  No.  —  weight,  654 
90-100  ozs.,  silver;  fineness,  .736;  value, 
8623.20  coin. 

There  were  crushed,  sampled  and  sacked, 
during  March,  at  the  Snowdrift  Co.'s  mill, 
Silver  Plume,  164,911  tbs  of  ore,  varying 
in  value  from  GO  to  1,300  ozs.  of  silver  per 
ton  of  2,000  tbs.  Nearly  all  the  ore  was 
shipped  to  England. 

Idaho. 

Mining  Affairs. — Idaho  World,  April 
4  :  On  Buena  Vista  Bar,  Headen  &  Co., 
Peak  &  Co.,  and  one  or  two  others  this 
side  of  Warm  Springs,  are  working  night 
and  day,  and  above  them  4  or  5  Chinese 
Co's,  employing  about  130  men,  have  been 
running  for  2  or  3  weeks  past.  Above 
town,  on  North  Elk,  Silsby,  Barrows  & 
Co.,  who  leased  Baldwin's  ditch,  are  at 
work  near  the  mouth  of  Cuddy's  Gulch, 
and  in  that  immediate  vicinity  Bush  &Co., 
J.  Collins  and  P.  Donohoe  are  also  at 
work,  Bush  &  Co.  running  day  and  night 
with  a  good  head  of  free  water,  having 
already  run  off  a  large  extent  of  ground. 
On  Deer  Creek,  above  that  point,  Tanner 
&  Co.,  Preuss  &  Co.,  Webster  &  Cowan, 
Swain  &  Co.,  and  Bell  are  making  the  best 
use  of  their  time  and  water;  while  in  Span- 
ish Gulch,  Stirman  and  4  or  5  other  Co's 
are  prosecuting  work  in  a  lively  manner. 
On  Bear  Bun,  Keller  &  Bidwell  and  West 
&  Balston  have  been  working  10  days  or 
2  weeks  past,  and  are  running  any  amount 
of  tailingsjdown  into  the  upper  portion  of 
Main  St.  None  of  the  long  ditches  have, 
as  yet,  been  cleaned  out,  but  work  is  being 
done  on  the  Alderson  ditch,  and  it  is 
expected  that  they  will  get  the  water 
through  in  from  10  to  12  days.  Nextweek 
work  will  also  be  commenced  on  the  Big 
Ditch  for  the  purpose  of  getting  the  water 
through  as  early  as  possible,  but  nothing 
will  be  done  on  the  Moore  Creek  ditch  for 
2  or  3  weeks  yet.  Willis  has  got  the  water 
through  his  upper  ditch,  upon  Gold  Hill, 
and  is  working  his  claims  near  Lincoln 
Gulch,  ahd  K.  P.  Plowman  expects  to  have 
water  running  in  his  ditch  in  a  few  days, 
to  commence  work  on  his  claims  in  Bear 
Bun  Gulch. 

Montana. 

New  Discovery. — Helena  Gazette,  April 
1:  Yesterday  we  saw  some  rock  from  a  sil- 
ver lode  recently  discovered  near  the  head 
of  Clancy  Creek.  The  new  discovery  is 
called  the  Little  Giant,  and  at  6  ft. ,  has  a 
solid  body  of  one  ft.  of  ore,  which  assays 
8114  to  the  ton,  on  an  average  from  sev- 
eral assays. 

Beartown.— Deer  Lodge  Independent, 
April  6:  The  miners  are  elated  at  the  pros- 
pect of  a  good  season.  Bobt.  Fenner  and 
Michael  Laforcate,  at  the  Top  of  Deep, 
have  put  in  1,000  ft.  of  fluming,  and  built 
a  large  reservoir.  They  have  a  hydraulic 
and  intend  working  night  and  day.  Haw- 
ley  &  Co.,  have  been  prospecting  a  bench 
on  Deep,  100  ft.  above  the  gulch,  opposite 
No.  61  below  Discovery;  they  have  run  a 
tunnel  40  ft.  and  sunk  a  shaft  16  ft.  deep, 
and  are  digging  a  ditch  to  bring  water  on 
the  ground.  There  are  5  Co.'s  on  Elk 
Creek  who  value  their  claims  at  from  810,- 
000  to  825,000  eaoh.  Mr.  Hyde,  our  inform- 
ant, was  shown  some  rick  specimens  of 
gold-bearing  quartz  taken  from  a  lead  at 
the  head  of  Frst  Chance.  Ten  men  are 
starting  in  to  work  the  new  mines  on  the 
Flint  Creek  Hills,  a  ditch  4  miles  long 
having  been  brought  in  last  season  for  that 
purpose. 

Some  gentlemen  were  up  at  Cariboo  10 
miles  southeast  of  town,  this  week  looking 
at  some  quartz  lodes   with  a  view  to  putt- 


ing up  arastras  for  working  the  same. 

The  Bock  Creek  Ditch  Co.  have  men  en- 
gaged cleaning  out  the  ditch  prepatory  to 
turning  In  the  water. 

Lew  Smith  A-  Co.,  havo  gone  up  to  their 
mines  on  Lost  Creek  with  the  intention  of 
commenceng  work. 

The  water  will  be  turned  intothe Miners 
Ditch  at  Fredriokson  the  coming  week. 

German  Gulch.— Ford  McCleery  &  Co., 
have  commenced  work;  several  other  Co.'s 
expect  to  commence  work  next  week. 

Philipsburg. — Both  mills  are  running. 
Brown  A-  Plaisted  cleaned  up  about  100 
lbs.  of  bullion  from  15  days  run,  on  ore 
from  the  Eastern  Comanche,  Dashaway 
and  Horton.  Mr.  McArdle,  Sec.  of  the 
St.  Louis  &  Montana  M.  Co.  and  Mr.  New- 
comer brought  up  60  tbs.  of  bullion  from 
Col.  Lyon's  mill,  taken  from  Speckled 
Trout  ore.  This  bullion  is  worth  about 
810  per  Hi.  Brown  A  Co.  are  engaged 
taking  out  oro  from  the  Burnley  A  Bugher 
mine.  Tne  lode  in  some  places  is  40  ft. 
wide,  and  carries  its  width  as  far  as  devel- 
oped. 

Utah. 

Big  Cottonwood. — S.  L.  Tribune,  April 
9:  The  Hlinois  and  French  mines  have 
been  worked  through  the  winter,  yielding 
a  large  amount  of  good  ore.  The  Sailor 
Jack  and  McDougal,  on  Gesler's  Peak  and 
the  Two  Eobinsons  and  Little  Giant,  in 
another  portion  of  the  conon,  are  all  being 
developed  to  a  good  account.  The  Reed 
and  Benson  mine  will  start  up  in  a  few 
days. 

Capt.  Shaw  who  is  erecting  a  mill  at 
Camp  Floyd  for  an  English  Co.  owning 
mines  there,  is  sanguine  of  large  results, 
having  already  about  1,800  tons  of  ore  on 
the  dump  to  start  on,  and,  with  the  mines 
developing  richer  every  day,  he  expects  to 
ship  about  840,000  worth  of  bullion  per 
month. 

Star  Dist. — Among  the  leading  devel- 
oped mines  are  the  Independence,  London, 
Liverpool,  the  Pitney,  Buby,  Frankland, 
Eclipse,  all  on  Buby  Hill.  The  ledges  are 
located  in  a  quartzite  formation,  which  in- 
dicates permanency,  and  are  clearly  trace- 
able fori  y,  miles  in  the  hill.  They  run 
from  3  to  7  ft.  in  width,  increasing  as 
depth  is  attained.  The  ore  is  free  milling 
and  very  rich,  the  average  assays  running 
from  894,  the  lowest,  to  82,000  the  high- 
est. 


S.  F.  Stock  Exchange  Board. 

San  Feanctsco,   April  18,  1872. 

The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending 
the  12th  inst.  aggregate  the  unprecedented  sum  of 
87,183,700.  For  the  first  three  months  of  this 
year  they  have  been  as  follows:  January, 
817,778,915;  February,  824,774,331;  March, 
817,629,387,  making  an  aggregate  of  $60,182,- 
633  for  the  quarter.  For  the  same  time  in 
1869  it  was  821,737,500;  in  1870  $13,660,000, 
and  in  1871,  $21,701,725.  These  figures  will 
show  the  magnitude  of  the  operations  for  this 
year.  The  Crown  Point  mining  Co.  paid  out 
last  week  in  dividends  $300,000;  the  Belcher, 
$208,000;  Eastport  Coal  mining  Co.,  $2,500; 
Keystone  Co.,  $7,500;  Raymond  &  Ely,  $210,- 
000;  Yuba  Gravel  mining  Co.,  $5,000;  and 
this  week  the  Meadow  Valley  mine  has  dis- 
bursed $90,000. 

The  Chollar-Potosi  mine  turned  out  last  week 
967  tons  of  ore  assaying  $43.03.  The  Crown 
Point  yielded  the  enormous  amount  of  3,037 
tons  estimated  at  $188,000.  The  March  ex- 
penses were  $203,515  and  the  receipts  $630,848. 
The  War  Eagle  sent  down  this  week  $11,631. 
The  Savage  produced  last  week  600  tons  of  ore 
assaying  $47.68  and  the  Hale  &  Norcross  540 
tons.  The  Hale  and  Norcross  Mining  Co.  at  a 
meeting  to-day  increased  their  capital  stock  from 
$1,600,000  in 8,000 shares  to  $3,200,000  in  16,000 
shares.  The  meeting  of  the  Consolidated  Vir- 
ginia to  be  held  on  May  20  is  for  the  purpose 
of  taking  into  consideration  a  proposition  to 
increase  their  capital  from  $5,800,000  in  11,600 
shares,  to  $7,080,080  in  23,600  shares  of  $3.00 
each. 

The  stock  market  has  been  more  active  and 
excited  during  this  week  than  ever  before  in  its 
history.  Everything  has  gone  up  at  an  unusual 
rate  and  everybody  is  investing  in  stocks. 
Washoe  descriptions  hold  the  lead.  The  sessions 
of  the  Board  have  been  prolonged  and  the 
street  business  has  been  heavy.  The  number 
of  people  who  are  engaged  in  buying  stocks 
are  large  and  all  those  who  went  in  early  have 
sold  out  with  handsome  profits. 

On  Friday  the  excitement  was  great  and 
the  business  was  so  large  that  only  part  of  the 
list  was  called  at  a  time.    The  Board  went  in 


half  an  hour  earlier  that  day  and  held  only  one 
session  on  account  of  the  funeral  of  a  member. 
Saturday  there  was  no  abatement  in  the  excite- 
ment and  the  whole  list  of  Washoe  stocks  still 
continued  to  rise.  Monday,  market  again  active 
and  prices  rising,  and  at  the  second  session  the 
further  advance  was  surprising,  considering  that 
nearly  all  kinds  were  unusually  high,  and  a 
general  fall  was  expected.  The  market  value 
combined  on  that  day  of  Alpha,  Belcher,  Chol- 
lar-Potoai,  Confidence,  Consolidated  Virginia, 
Crown  Point,  Exchequer,  Gould  A  Curry,  Hale 
Sc  Norcross,  Imperial,  Kentuck,  Overman,  Sav- 
age, Segregated  Belcher  and  Yellow  Jacket  was 
$51,518,000  while  at  the  same  date  in  1871  they 
were  all  worth  together  only  $9,061,200  accord- 
ing to  value  of  stock.  The  increase  was,  $15,- 
453,800.  Wednesday,  stocks  were  still  active 
and  tho  Board  he-Id  a  long  Bession,  and  it  is 
proposed  to  employ  short  haud  reporters  to 
oxpedite  business  since  it  is  now  impossible 
to  write  it  up.  To-day  (Thursday)  operations 
are  still  active  and  they  have  in  fact  been  pro- 
longed on  that  basis  to  a  greater  time  than  was 
anticipated.  The  session  to-day  was  very  active 
but  a  general  depreciation  of  pricos  is  antici- 
pated and  it  only  remains  to  be  seen  who  comos 
out  "  second  best." 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 


Sf    - 


April  11.  Jliflhasl.   LouirM.   April   18.   A>h.  Dec 

Alpha $71  150               65  135  64 

American  Flag..  WA  18  14J4  IB 

IMclier 650  1020  835  1000 

Buckeye 5  10              \%  — 

Chollar-Potosi..  125  245  117J*  245  120  — 

Cah-donia :  39  95              35  —  —  — 

Cons.  Virginia..,  95  1M»              85  130  35  — 

Crown  Point....  1000  1500  990  1350  350  — 

Daney A\i  9%            4              9#  S>4  — 

Eureka  Cons....  2Hj  35             26  35  VA  — 

Eureka 17&  17^           16  —  —  — 

Exeelaior —  80              26  65  —  — 

Gould  &  Curry.. 400  M0  375  530  130  — 

Golden  Chariot..  18^  25              17J^  —  —  — 

Hale  &  Norcross  515  710  425  710  195  — 

Imperial 260  375  220  360  100  — 

Ida  Elmore 18tf  28                17!*  —  —  — 

Kentuck 350  475              325  455  105  — 

Mammoth —  —               —  —  —  — 

Meadow  Valley..  25  J£  25^           21  23W  —  — 

Mahogany 18  22!s'           IV£  —  —  — 

Ophir 85  lS-i              80  150  65  — 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.  —  14             12  —  —  _ 

Overman 95  155              87  150  55  — 

Pioche 17  17             15  —  —  — 

Raymond  A-  Ely. 110  118  105  115  5  — 

Savage  410  610  387!^  610  200  — 

Sierra  Nevada. . .  4«  St}£            42  56  10  — 

Succor   —  13                 h%  13  —  — 

Wash.  A  Creole..    7>i  7M            6  —  —  — 

Yellow  Jacket...  155  135  195  195  40  — 

St.  Patrick —  20             20  —  —  — 

Seg.   Belcher... .120  160  160  160  40  — 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scien- 
tific Pbebs  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  BAT  DAT 

DATS  OF  ASSESSMENT-  DELINQUENT.     OF  SALE. 

Alps  S.  M.  Co.  Nev.,  March  1,  75c April  9— April  30 

Buckeye  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  23.$1.25.... April  26— May  15 
Cons.Virginia  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  19,  $3.Apr.  24— May  18 
Daney  M.  Co.,  Lyon  Co.,  April  3,  $1.50...  May  9— May  27 

Francis  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  6,  $1 May  14— June  4* 

Golden  Chariot,  IdahoT.,  April  12, $1.50. May 22-June  18 

Gould  &  Currv,  Nev,,  Jan.  30,  $16 Mar.  4— April  26 

Grand  Duke  M.  Co.,  U.  T.,  Mar.  6,  25c  April  15— May  15 

Ida  Elmore,  Idaho,  March  6,  $3 April  11— May  10 

Ingomar  S.  M.  Co.,  Ely,  April  2,  25c May  8— May  31* 

Hanh  &  Hunt  S.M.Co.,Nev.,Mar.20,  25c.  .Ap.  .29- -May  27 

Jackson  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April 3,  25c May  6— May  25 

Knickerbocker,  M.  Co.Nev.,  Mar.  23,  50c.Apr.27— May  17 
Lemon  M.  and  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Apr  1,  $1.  .May  7-Jun  12 

LouisiM.  Co.,  Nevada,  April  6, 10c May  14 -June  10 

Lyons  &  Wheeler  Co.,  A.T.,  April  6, 10c. May  15-June  3* 
Mahogany  M,  Co.,  I.  T.,  April  3,  $1.50. .  .May  11— June  3 

Marcelina  S.  M.  Co.  Mar.  8, 10c April  15— May  7* 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  Co.,  Cal..  Apr.  3,30c...  May  6— May  22* 
Nevada  L.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  March  28,  4c.  .May2,  May  24* 
Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe,  May  12,  $2.Ap  15 — May  8* 
Ophir  S.  &  G.  M.  Co.  Cal.  Mar.  18,  20c.  April  20— May  7 
Overman  S.  M.  Co,  Gold  Hill,  Mar.  18,  $4.Apr.l3— May  13 

Page  &  Panaca,  Nev.  April  12, 50c May  20 — June  15 

Peter  Walter  M.  Co.  Placer  Co.  Mar.  11,  $l.Apr.l8— May  6 

PhcenixS.  M.,Nev..  Mar.  19,  75c April  24— May  15 

Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Feb.  25,  $5. .April  6— May  6* 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  $l.Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Siempre  Viva  Co.,  Mex.,Mar.  25,  30c May  2— May  20* 

South  Eureka,  Nev.,  Mar.  2,15c April  4— April  23 

S.  Gold  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Apr  1,  $2.50..  May  6— May  27 
S.  F.  M.  Co.,  Utah  Ter.,  April  13,  26c.  ..May  16— June8* 
Silver  Wave,  W.  P.,  Nev.  Apr.  10,  50c. May  14— June  13* 
Spring  Mt.  Tunnel  Co., April  11, 15c. .  .May  20— June  10* 
Succor  M.  k  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  20,  $2..April  23— May  15 

Sumner,  Kern  Co.,  April  11,  $10 May  22— June  21 

Tallulah  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  5,  $1.60 May  7— June  4 

Tecumseh  G.S  &C.M.Co.Cal.Mar.20,$3.Apr.  23— May  14* 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  11,  $1 May  13— June  3* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Adams  Hill  Con .  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Central  Coal  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Golden  Age  &  Empire  M.  Co . . .  .Annual  Meeting,  May  27 

Greene  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  April  27 

Best  &  Belcher  M.  Co Meeting  May  13 

Empire  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Eureka  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  May  7 

Hope  Gravel  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  April  23 

Huhn  &  Hunt  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  April  22 

Independent  G.  M.  Co Meeting  May  8 

KinstonM.  Co Annual  Meeting  April  20 

Spring  Mountain  Tunnel  Co Annual  Meeting  May  9 

NeviadaLand  and  M.  Co Special  Meeting  April  25 

Original  Hidden  Treasure  M  Co  —  A*nual  Meet,  May  7 
LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  MonthB). 

Belcher,  $20. Payable  April  10 

Chollar  Potosi ,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $25  Payable  April  12 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co,l  perct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,.  $7.60 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.50 Payable  April  13 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Baymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  March  8 

Raymond  &  ElyM.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  April  10 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


Qtjabtehly  Dlbectoby. — D.  M.  Bishop  &  Co., 
publishers  of  the  "S.  F.  Quarterly  Trades  Guide 
and  Merchants'  Directory, ' '  announce  their  in- 
tention to  add  to  their  publication  a  com- 
plete business  directory  of  every  place  in  the 
State. 


246 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


[April  20,  1872. 


Steam    Communication     and     Engine 
Power  for  Isolated  Mines. 

The  large  number  of  enterprises  recent- 
ly introduced  to  the  notice  of  British  capi- 
talists, and  connected  with  the  develop- 
ment of  the  enormous  mineral  resources 
of  the  far  western  portions  of  the  United 
States,  has  led  to  many  inquiries  as  to  how 
it  happens  that  men  so  admittedly  acute 
as  the  Americans  should  offer  valuable 
mining  concerns  in  the  English  market 
instead  of  retaining  them  for  themselves, 
and  the  almost  invariable  confirmation  of 
the  vendors'  statements  as  to  the  intrin- 
sic value  of  the  minerals  by  independent 
English  engineers  to  clear  up  the  mystery. 
The  facts,  however,  are  extremely  simple. 
Most  of  the  mines  are  situated  so  far  from 
railways,  etc.,  that  it  is  not  profitable  to 
carry  the  ore  to  market,  and  the  necessary 
plants  and  machinery  cannot  be  got  to  the 
mines  without  far  larger  capital  than  the 
owners  have  at  their  disposal,  especially 
where,  as  in  many  cases,  the  mines  have 
been  heavily  encumbered  to  obtain  the 
requisite  funds  for  prospecting  and  prov- 
ing the  mine;  but  when  once  the  mine  is 
furnished  with  a  good  park  of  machinery 
there  is  nothing  to  fear,  for  as  bullion  is 
carried  at  the  same  price  per  ton  as  ore, 
the  profits  on  sending  it  down  are  ample. 

The  profits  earned  by  the  companies 
already  on  the  English  market  have  be«n 
eminently  satisfactory,  yet  most  of  the 
mines  would  have  been  far  more  advanta- 
geously placed  had  they  had  facilities  for 
cheap  and  rapid  transport,  and  for  the 
erection  of  ample  machinery  at  the  mines. 
In  countries  so  thinly  populated  as  Utah, 
Colorado,  New  Mexico,  etc.,  the  construc- 
tion of  railways  must,  for  sometime,  be  so 
limited  that  comparatively  few  will  be 
benefited  by  them;  but  now  that  it  has 
been  demonstrated  that  a  speed  of  20  miles 
an  hour  can  be  obtained  with  a  traction-en- 
gine of  substantial  construction,  there  is 
no  reason  why  any  mine  within  1,000  miles 
of  a  railway  should  not  be  brought  within 
forty-eight  hours  of  established  com- 
munications, especially  when  the  route  is 
through  fertile  valleys,  where  there  is  an 
abundance  of  fuel  and  water  to  keep  the 
traction-engine  going.  With  such  means 
of  communication  there  should  be  no  dif- 
ficulty in  keeping  the  mines  well  supplied 
with  materials,  without  much  additional 
expense,  as  compared  with  the  prices  paid 
at  the  nearest  manufacturing  cities. 

In  mining  operations,  moreover,  con- 
siderable advantage  results  from  plenty  of 
Bteam-power  being  at  disposal,  and  in  pro- 
viding this  (aided  by  modern  inventions) 
a  mine  a  few  hundred  miles  from  a  line  of 
railway  is  really  no  less  favorably  situated 
than  one  but  a  few  miles  distant.  Tube 
boilers,  no  part  of  which  weighs  more  than 
%  cwt.,  are  so  easily  conveyed  on  the 
backs  of  mules,  or  even  of  men,  when  ab- 
solutely necessary,  that  steam  equal  to  300 
or  400  horse  power  can  be  readily  had  in 
the  most  isolated  district.  With  boilers 
of  this  class  the  quantity  of  steam  generated 
depends  simply  upon  the  number  of  (say) 
60  lb.  tubes  used,  and  as  all  of  these  are 
filled  with  water,  andin  communication  with 
one  and  the  same  steam  chamber,  which 
may  consist  of  a  tube  capable  of  bearing  a 
maximum  pressure  per  square  inch,  ex- 
plosions, with  their  attendant  delays,  are 
almost  impossible.  Assuming  a  traction- 
engine  line  to  be  established  between  the 
mines  and  the  railway  (aDd  this  really  in- 
volves but  the  outlay  fortheprice  of  the  en- 
gine) ,  carriage  of  boiler  sections  and  parts 
of  engines  would  offer  no  difficulty  what- 
ever, and  all  delays  in  putting  such  mines 
in  profitable  operation  would  be  at  an  end. 
In  Australia  and  South  Africa  there  is 
the  great  difficulty  arising  from  the  ab- 
sence of  water  and  fuel,  but  on  the  Pacific 
slope  of  the  United  States  there  is  abun- 
dance of  both,  so  that  the  establishment 
of  good  traction-engine  lines  in  those 
regions  would  be  alike  advantageous  to 
the  miners  and  remunerative  to  those  sup- 
plying the  capital  to  purchase  them. — Lon- 
don Mining  Journal. 


Farming  One  Hundred  Years  Ago. — 
In  1790,  Franz  Fuss,  of  Bohemia,  one  of 
the  authorities  of  his  age,  spoke  of  the 
prevalence  of  the  inventive  spirit,  which 
he  denounced.  He  was  himself  a  witness 
that  "  the  folly  had  been  pushed  to  such 
an  extent "  that  people  were  tryingto  make 
sowing  and  reaping  machines.  But  he 
"  thanked  God  "  that  the  farmers  had  still 
some  judgement  left,  and  thus  these  stupid 
efforts  to  get  something  new  met  with  their 
proper  reception — neglect. 

The  stock  of  mill  iron  is  lower  than  it 
has  been  for  years. 


Gould  and  Curry  Improvements. 

The  Gould  and  Curry  Company,  says 
the  Virginia  Enterprise  of  the  4th  inst. ,  are 
making  very  extensive  and  important  im- 
provements at  their  main  shaft.  The  old 
hoisting  frame  and  all  connected  therewith 
is  being  taken  down  preparatory  to  the 
erection  of  new  and  more  powerful  and 
substantial  hoisting  machinery.  The 
works  were  shut  down  day  before  yester- 
day for  the  purpose  of  making  this  change, 
and  the  new  works  are  in  such  a  state  of 
forwardness  that  they  will  be  ready  to  start 
up  in  about  ten  days  from  the  present 
time.  A  new  and  most  substantial  fire- 
proof building  of  stone  and  brick,  forty  by 
eighty  feet  in  size,  is  being  erected  over 
the  Bonner  shaft,  and  in  this  is  now  being 
set  up  a  new  and  powerful  hoisting  en- 
gine. This  engine  is  of  the  same  capacity 
as  the  large  new  engines  in  use  at  the 
Crown  Point  and  Belcher  mines,  and  it 
will  be  used  for  hoisting  up  from  the  new 
incline  about  to  be  commenced  below  the 
1,500-foot  level.  All  the  machinery  is  very 
heavy,  thefly-wheel  weighing  6,200  pounds, 
the  spur-wheel  9,600  pounds,  and  all  else 
in  the  same  proportion.  The  opening  for 
the  commencement  of  the  incline  is  com- 
pleted, and  now  stands  the  largest  untim- 
bered  cavity  on  the  Comstock  range,  be- 
ing a  grand  artificial  cavern  forty-two  feet 
wide  by  sixty-five  in  highth.  But  that 
this  work  is  done  in  hard  blasting-rock  it 
would  be  very  unsafe  to  make  so  large  an 
opening  without  socuring  it  with  heavy 
timbers. 

The  bottom  of  the  Gould  and  Curry 
shaft  is  now  lower  than  any  other  point 
reached  by  the  Comstock.  The  bottom  of 
the  shaft  is  1,800  feet  below  the  surface, 
and  below  this  has  been  sunk  a  sump 
twenty-one  feet  deeper.  At  the  bottom  of 
the  sump  has  been  blasted  out,  to  the  west- 
ward, in  the  solid  rock,  a  reservoir  capable 
of  holding  35,000  gallons  of  water.  The 
bottom  of  the  shaft  and  bottom  of  the 
sump  are  perfectly  dry,  but  it  was  thought 
best  to  make  the  reservoir  in  order  that 
any  rush  of  water  (from  anysource)  could 
be  controlled.  It  is  not  likely  that  they 
will  ever  be  troubled  with  water  from  be- 
low, but  in  case  of  accident  to  the  pumping 
machinery  that  above  might  flood  the  in- 
cline, in  case  no  receptacle  for  it  was  pro- 
vided at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  The 
new  building  will  be  covered  with  an  iron 
roof,  and  every  precaution  taken  to  guard 
against  fire  from  the  row  of  frame  build- 
ings standing  immediately  to  the  west. 
An  improvement  worthy  of  note  in  the 
sheaves  of  the  hoisting  frame,  over  which 
the  wire  cable  will  run,  is  that  they  are  all 
lined  with  wood.  This  improvement  was 
the  suggestion  of  Mr,  Lackey,  Superin- 
dent  of  the  mine,  and  is  one  which  will 
doubtless  be  adopted  in  all  our  leading 
mines.  The  cable  running  over  wood,  in- 
stead of  iron,  will  prevent  the  weakening 
of  the  strands  by  crystallization.  Work- 
men swarm  about  the  shaft  and  everything 
is  in  such  a  state  of  forwardness  that  we 
have  no  doubt  of  the  new  works  being 
ready  to  start  up  at  the  time  mentioned. 

Legends  of  the  Yellowstone. 

Here,  the  trappers  tell  us,  is  the  "moth- 
er region  "  of  the  gold,  where  the  Indians 
told  Father  de  Smet  it  was  found  on  the 
surface.  Here  are  the  burning  plains,  so 
testifies  Bridger,  at  the  head  of  the  Yellow- 
stone, and  large  lakes,  and  boiling  springs 
like  the  geysers  of  Iceland.  Here  he  saw 
his  Two  Ocean  Biver,  which,  after  flowing 
for  some  distance,  separates  into  two 
large  streams — one  traveling  to  the  Atlan- 
tic, the  other  to  the  Pacific.  In  one  of 
these  vales  is  a  large  tract  of  sage  brush, 
every  leaf  and  branch  perfect,  and  here 
and  there  are  rabbits,  sage  hens,  and  even 
Indians,  all  turned  to  solid  stone.  Ill 
fares  it  with  whosoever  penetrates  these 
mysteries,  for  the  genius  of  the  place  at 
once  adds  him  to  the  group  of  statuary. 
More  wonderful  still — and  our  trapper 
told  it  with  great  awe— these  bushes  bear 
rare  fruit — thousands  of  rubies,  sapphires, 
diamonds,  emeralds  large  as  walnuts.  "I 
tell  you,  sir,"  said  one  veracious  narrator 
to  Captain Beynolds,  "it  is  true,  for  I 
gathered  a  quart  myself,  and  sent  them 
down  the  country."  A  party  of  whites 
were  once  hotly  pursued  by  Indians,  and 
could  only  travel  by  night,  when  they 
were  aided  by  the  brilliant  light  shot  from 
a  huge  diamond  in  a  neighboring  moun- 
tain, by  which  they  traveled  on  for  three 
consecutive  nights.  Here  once  an  old 
trapper  was  lost  on  his  road  from  Fort 
Laramie  to  Taos,  and  wandered  for  many 
days;  and  in  drinking  from  a  stream 
found  pieces  of  yellow  metal  large  as  ha- 
zel-nuts which  he  carried  to  Taos  and 
found  to  be  gold.     He   spent  many  years 


seeking  the  place  again,  but  in  vain. 
These  and  many  other  legends  and  tradi- 
tions of  these  regions  the  trapper  gave  us 
as  truths  familiar  in  the  mountains  as 
household  words,  which  it  would  be  impi- 
ious  to  doubt. — Lippincotfs  Mag. 

Cone  of  Sequoia  Gigantea. 

This  Sequoia  is  a  native  of  California  only, 
and  though  ranked  among  the  tallest  and  larg- 
est of  trees,  its  seed  bearing  cones  are  among 
the  very  smallest  of  all  the  conifers.  The  trees 
are  found  principally  in  Calaveras,  Mariposa 
and  Fresno  counties,  but  are  seen  in  a  few 
other  placer]  in  the  Sierra  Nevada.  They  at- 
tain a  hight  of  between  three  hxmdred  and  four 
hundred  feet,  with  diameters  from  one  inch  at 
a  year  old,  to  37  feet,  or  112  feet  in  circumfer- 
ence at  the  base  of  the  trunk. 

There  was  one  tree  in  the  Calaveras  grove 
that  when  first  discovered  was  prostrate,  that 


must  have  measured  when  in  the  vigor  of  its 
growth  very  nearly  450  feet  high.  The  grove  was 
first  discovered  by  one  of  a  party  of  American 
miners  on  a  hunting  expedition  in  the  moun- 
tains in  1850.  The  seeds  have  been  widely 
disseminated  and  the  trees  are  now  found  grow- 
ing luxuriantly  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  England  and  many  places  on  the  Euro- 
pean continent,  apparently  as  healthy  and  vig- 
orous as  in  their  native  soil. 

The  illustration  herewith  given   shows  the 
natural  size  of  the  cones. 


California  Pears  in  Europe. 

C.  W.  Reed,  of  Yolo  county,  last  fall  as  a 
matter  of  experiment  shipped  several  boxes  of 
Easter  Beuree  pears  to  different  points  in  Eng- 
land. Some  to  London,  some  to  Glasgow  and 
some  to  Liverpool.  The  pears  were  shipped 
late  in  the  season  and  were  in  the  snow  block- 
ade on  the  railroad  from  three  to  four  weeks. 
Some  went  by  the  way  of  Boston,  and  some  by 
the  way  of  New  York. 

He  has  lately  received  an  account  of  the  ex- 
periment. The  pears  sent  by  New  York  ar- 
rived in  perfect  order,  and  condition;  while 
those  sent  by  Boston  had  apparently  been 
touched  by  the  frost  and  were  in  rather  poor 
condition. 

On  the  whole,  the  experiment  is  regarded  by 
Mr.  Heed  as  a  perfect  success,  and  proves  that 
California  pears  can  be  laid  down  in  any  of  the 
above  named  cities  in  a  good  merchantable 
condition.  It  also  satisfies  Mr.  Reed  that  pe- 
cuniarily the  business  will  pay. 

In  confirmation  of  the  above,  B.  S.  Fox  of 
San  Jos6,  sent  some  pears  to  Ireland,  his  old 
home,  and  although  it  was  a  small  shipment  to 
friends,  it  proves  that  the  fruit  can  be  shipped 
and  arrive  in  good  condition.  These  experi- 
ments are  of  great  value  to  our  State.  We  have 
already  a  large  market  in  the  Atlantic  States 
for  our  fruits,  and  particularly  for  pears,  but  if 
we  can  supply  England  with  her  millions  of 
people,  with  our  delicious  pears  at  remunerative 
prices,  we  have  a  market  literally  beyond  our 
ability  to  supply.  Our  fruit  growers  will  make 
a  note  of  the  above  facts. 

De.  Franklin's  Toast. — Dr.  Franklin 
once  dined  with  the  English  and  French 
ambassadors,  when  the  following  toasts 
were  drunk: 

The  British  ambassador  said: — "England 
— the  sun  whose  bright  beams  enlighten 
and  fertilize  the  remotest  corners  of  the 
earth." 

The  French  ambassador,  glowing  "with 
national  pride,  but  too  polite  to  dispute  the 
previous  toast,  drank  :  — "  France — the 
moon  whose  mild,  steady  and  cheering  rays 
are  the  delight  of  all  nations,  consoling 
them  in  darkness,  and  making  their  dreari- 
ness beautiful." 

Dr.  Franklin  then  arose,  and,  with  his 
usual  dignified  simplicity  said: — "  George 
Washington, — the  Joshua  who  command- 
ed the  sun  and  the  moon  to  stand  still,  and 
they  obeyed  him." 


Animal  Power. 

EnnoEs  Pbess  : — Allow  me  to  ask  the  follow- 
ing questions,  viz. : — 

1st.  Working  a  horse  or  an  ox  all  day,  how 
much  — taking  in  account  their  respective 
weight — can  they  pull  and  not  be  over  worked  ? 

2d.  What  is  equivalent  in  the  working  capac- 
ity of  three  oxen,  in  horse  power  1 

3d.  Pound  for  pound,  which  will  pull  most 
easily,  a  dead  load,  like  corn,  or  a  springy  one, 
like  hay  ?  t.  f.  b. 

Marengo  Ranch,  Los  Angeles  Co. 

In  the  foregoing  queries  there  are  a  few  nice 
points  involved.  We  once  took  a  contract  for 
hauling  wheat  by  the  ton  a  distance  of  ten  and 
a  quarter  miles  over  a  generally  level  road,  but 
with  2  or  3  elevations  and  depressions  of  about 
a  fourth  of  a  mile  in  length  each,  and  of  about 
equal  ascent  and  descent;  other  than  this,  the 
road  was  hard  and  good.  We  put  on  two  new 
wagons  of  the  same  size  and  weight,  and  made 
by  the  same  man.  To  one  ^wagon  we  put  a 
pair  of  large  common  farm  horses,  and  to  the 
other  a  large,  good  yoke  of  oxen. 

We  commenced  by  hauling  a  single  ton  on 
each  wagon,  every  day  with  no  return  load  but 
the  empty  wagons.  Both  horses  and  oxen  were 
fed  an  equal  quantity  of  ground  feed  each,  and 
all  the  good  hay  they  would  eat.  Both  teams 
left  at  the  same  hour  in  the  morning,  but  the 
horses  would  arrive  home  three  hours  the  first, 
being  able  to  trot  most  of  the  way  returning. 
The  distance  both  ways  amounting  to  twenty 
and  a  half  miles  a  day;  we  found  at  the  end  of 
a  single  week  that  the  horses — to  use  a  farm- 
ers' phrase — held  their  own,  whilst  the  oxen 
were  losing  weight  and  suffering  from]  fatigue, 
as  they  would  he  down,  almost  immediately  on 
being  turned  out,  and  sometimes  before  they 
had  finished  their  food. 

We  now  hitched  on  another  yoke  of  oxen, 
nearly  equal  in  strength  to  the  first;  but  the  re- 
sult after  another  week  was  the  same;  the  four 
oxen  were  more  fatigued  than  the  two  horses 
drawing  equal  loads  and  changing  wagons  every 
day  from  horses  to  oxen,  so  that  any  difference 
in  case  of  draft  would  ,be  equalized.  It  was 
evident,  therefore,  that  the  distance  traveled, 
was  what  was  worrying  the  oxen  and  not  the 
weight  of  the  load.  We  now  put  two  tons  upon 
the  two  yoke  of  oxen  and  wagon  and  taking  one 
day  to  go  and  the  next  to  return;  the  horses  be- 
ing loaded  and  going  daily  as  before.  After 
two  week's  work,  the  oxen  doing  the^same 
amount  of  work  as  the  horses  in  the  same  time, 
were  every  day  improving  till  the  job  was  com- 
pleted. 

During  the  whole  time,  the  load  for  the 
horses  was  an  even  ton  weight  or  averaged  that 
day  by  day;  and  with  that  load,  it  required  full 
feeding  with  rubbing  down  and  much  care,  to 
keep  the  horses  up  to  their  starting  condition. 
On  all  good  roads  we  should  prefer  horses  be- 
fore oxen;  but  in  all  bad  places  or  in  timbered 
land,  where  the  labor  is  logging  or  getting 
around  among  brush  and  bad  places  with 
stumps  and  rocks  or  mudholes,  the  patient  ox 
is  to  be  preferred. 

An  elastic  weight,  as  feathers  or  impressed 
hay,  against  a  dead  weight  as  corn  or  lead, 
pound  for  pound,  the  elastic  material  will  draw 
the  easiest.  First,  because  the  wliole  had  of 
the  elastic  substance  does  not  start  at  the  same 
instant,  and  it  is  easier  to  start  half  a  load  than 
the  whole  of  it  at  once;  and  secondly,  because 
the  elastic  load  will  allow  of  the  wheels  rising 
over  short  inequalities  or  small  stones  with- 
out crushing  them,  which  if  it  did  crush  them 
would  require  extra  power,  because,  with  the 
dead  weight  you  would  expend  the  same  power 
in  drawing  the  load  proper,  and  the  additional 
power  required  to  crush  the  stones.  If  our 
correspondent  should  hold  to  a  different  view 
than  we  have  expressed,  we  would  be  pleased 
to  hear  from  him. 


Value  of  Slow  Beading. — Frederick 
W.  Bobertson,  the  distinguished  English 
preacher,  once  wrote  to  a  lady  friend:  "I 
never  knew  but  one  or  two  fast  readers, 
and  readers  of  many  books,  whose  knowl- 
edge was  worth  anything.  Miss  Martineau 
says  of  herself  that  she  is  the  slowest  of 
readers — sometimes  a  page  an  hour.  But 
then  what  she  reads  she  makes  her  own. 
Girls  read  too  much  and  think  too  little. 
I  will  answer  for  it  that  there  are  few  girls 
of  eighteen  who  have  not  read  more  books 
than  I  have;  and  as  to  religious  books,  I 
can  count  upon  my  fingers  in  two  minutes 
all  I  have  ever  read.    But  they  are  mine.' 

The  President  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Bailroad  company  denies  the  statement 
that  a  quantity  of  railroad  iron  had  arrived 
in  New  York  from  England  for  the  above 
company,  and  says  that  it  is  the  intention 
to  use  none  but  American  iron  on  that 
road. 


April  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


247 


UsEfik   l^o^^yioM. 


The  Nature  of  Different  Resins. 

Dr.  Sacc,  of  Ntuenburg,  Switzerland,  has 
in  ado  an  extensive  inquiry  into  the  nature  of 
different  resins.  Wo  condense  from  it  the  fol- 
lowing results.  The  resins  spoken  of  are  copal, 
amber,  daminar,  common  resin,  shellac,  elemi, 
sandarach,  miotic,  and  Caramba  wax.  All 
these  resins  can  be  reduced  to  powder. 

The  following  will  become  pasty  before  melt- 
ing: amber,  shellac,  elemi,  sandarach,  and  mas- 
tic; the  others  will  become  liquids  at  once. 

In  boiling  water,  Caramba  wax  will  melt; 
common  resin  will  form  a  semi-thud  mass; 
dammar,  shellac,  elemi,  and  mastic  willbecome 
sticky;  whilo  copal,  amber  and  sandarach  will 
remain  unchanged. 

Dammar  and  amber  do  not  dissolve  in  alco- 
hol; copal  b-c.-iu.-s  pasty;  elemi  and  Caramba 
wax  dissolve  with  diiliculty;  while  resin,  shel- 
lac, sandarach  and  mastic  dissolve  easily. 

Acetic  acid  makes  common  rosin  swell;  on 
all  the  others  it  has  no  effect 

Caustic  soda  dissolves  ehellao  readily,  resin 
partly;  but  has  no  influence  on  the  others. 

Amber  and  shellac  do  not  dissolve  in  sul- 
phate of  carbon;  copal  becomes  soft,  and  ex- 
pands; elemi,  sandarach,  mastic,  and  Caramba 
wax  dissolve  slowly;  while  resin  and  dammar 
dissolve  easily. 

Oil  of  turpentine  dissolves  neither  amber  nor 
shellac,  but  swells  copal;  dissolves  dammar, 
resin,  elemi,  sandarach,  and  Caramba  wax  eas- 
ily, and  mastic  very  easily. 

Boiling  linseed  oil  hus  no  effect  on  copal, 
amber,  and  Caramba  wax;  shellac,  elemi,  aud 
sandarach  dissolve  in  it  slowly;  while  dammar, 
resin,  and  mastic  dissolve  easily. 

Benzine  does  not  dissolve  copal,  amber,  and 
shellac,  but  does  elemi  and  sandarach  to  a  lim- 
ited extent,  and  Caramba  wax  more  easily; 
while  dammar,  resin,  and  mastic  offer  no  diffi- 
culty. 

Petroleum  ether  has  no  effect  on  copal,  am- 
bor,  and  shellac;  it  is  a  poor  solvent  for  resin, 
elemi,  sandarach,  and  Caramba  wax,  and  a 
good  one  for  dammar  and  mastic. 

Concentrated  sulphuric  acid  is  indifferent  to 
Caramba  wax;  it  dissolves  all  resins,  imparting 
to  them  a  dark  brown  color,  excepting  dam- 
mar, which  takes  a  brilliant  red  tint. 

Nitric  acid  imparts  to  Caramba  wax  a  straw 
color;  to  elemi,  a  dirty  yellow;  to  mastic  and 
sandarach,  a  light  brown;  it  does  not  effect  the 
others. 

Ammonia  is  indifferent  to  amber,  dammar, 
shellac,  elemi,  and  Caramba  wax;  copal,  sand- 
arach, and  mastic  become  soft,  and  finally  dis- 
solve; while  resin  will  dissolve  at  once. 

It  is  not  difficult  by  means  of  these  reactions 
to  test  the  different  resins  for  their  purity. — 
Deuzlin,  Polythenic  Journal. 

Experiments  About  Heat. — The  Providence 
JounviX  gives  the  following  interesting  experi- 
ments made  in  that  city  with  an  excellent  glass- 
mounted  thermometer. 

In  the  house  with  open  windows  it  stood  at 
90.2°.  Out  of  door  in  the  shade  at  95Q— freely 
suspended  in  the  sun  six  feet  above  the  green- 
sward 99.5°.  In  the  same  position  with  wet 
bulb  79.9°. — with  bulb  covered  with  black  silk, 
109.96°.  "When  laid  upon  the  grass  in  the  sun 
it  rose  to  104°.  Laid  upon  white  cloth,  placed 
upon  the  grass,  105.0°,  and  when  similarly 
placed  upon  black  silk  it  indicated  113°. 

The  experiments  with  different  colored  cov- 
erings show  very  conclusively  the  utility  of 
light  colored  clothing  for  those  who  are  obliged 
to  be  exposed  to  the  direct  range  of  the  sun  at 
high  temperatures — and  the  experiment  with 
the  wet  bulb  shows  as  clearly  the  value  of  free 
perspiration  in  keeping  down  the  temperature 
of  the  body,  which,  however,  the  observer  finds 
in  his  own  person,  notwithstanding  the  perspi- 
ration while  making  these  experiments,  to  have 
risen  to  100.5° — which  is  about  two  degrees 
above  the  usual  standard  for  cooler  days.  The 
average  temperature  of  the  healthy  human 
body  throughout  the  year,  in  temperate  cli- 
mates, is  98.4° — while  in  tropical  regions  it  is 
about  one  degree  higher. 

The  large  clock  at  the  English  Parliament 
House  is  the  largest  one  in  the  world.  The 
four  dials  of  this  clock  are  twenty-two  feet  in 
diameter.  Every  half  minute  the  point  of  the 
minute  hand  moves  nearly  seven  inches.  The 
clock  will  go  eight  and  a  half  days,  but  it  only 
strikes  for  seven  and  a  half,  thus  indicating  any 
neglect  in  winding  it  up.  The  pendulum  is 
fifteen  feetlong.the  wheels  of  cast-iron,  the  hour 
bell  is  eight  feet  high  and  nine  feet  in  diame- 
ter, weighing  nearly  fifteen  tons,  and  the  ham- 
mer alone  weighs  more  than  400  pounds.  This 
clock  strikes  the  quarter-hours,  and  by  its 
strokes  the  short  hand  reporters  in  the  Parlia- 
ment chambers  regulate  their  labors.  At  every 
stroke  a  new  reporter  takes  the  place  of  the 
old  one,  whilst  the  first  retires  to  write  out  the 
notes  he  has  taken  during  the  previous  fifteen 
minutes. — Ex. 


Ivory  is  bleached  by  exposure  to  sunlight. 
For  piano  makers  and  others,  it  is  prepared  by 
first  sawing  it  into  thinsheets  or  plates.  These 
are  placed  on  suitable  frames,  under  glass,  and 
exposed  to  light  for  several  months.  The 
frames  are  of  peculiar  construction  and  paten- 
ted. They  are  so  arranged  as  to  shift,  thus  re- 
versing the  exposure  of  the  ivory,  so  that  both 
sides  may  be  duly  acted  upon  by  the  light. 

Long  and  repeated  boiling  injures  glue. 


Sparrows  and  Mosquitos. 

A  highly  respectable  gentleman  of  New  York, 
well  known  in  this  city,  having  noticed  our 
recent  allusion  to  the  great  increase  of  mosqui- 
tos in  Boston,  writes  us  a  private  note  on  the 
subject.  Ho  says  that  for  three  years  past 
these  pests  have  been  diminishing  in  New  York 
city.  He  had  been  in  the  city  day  and  night 
during  June  and  July  just  past,  and  had  not 
yet  seen  one  mosquito,  nor  heard  but  two  or 
three  during  the  night  watches.  He  attributes 
this  change  to  the  active  services  of  the  Eng- 
lish sparrow,  which  have  receutlj*  been  intro- 
duced in  that  city.  Four  years  ago,  twenty 
pairs  were  imported,  and  provision  was  made 
for  tht-ir  accommodation.  Now  it  is  estimated 
that  there  are  five  thousand  pair  in  the  New 
York  park  and  gardens;  and  their  active  and 
industrious  habits  are  bolieved  to  have  materi- 
ally diminished  the  swarmB  of  mosquitos  which 
have  heretofore  made  New  York  a  byword  and 
a  hissing  among  all  light  sleepers  who  have 
sensitive  skins.  This  theory  is  strengthened 
by  the  fact  that  the  same  experience  has  marked 
the  introduction  of  the  sparrows  into  Jersey 
City — the  mosquitos  have  greatly  diminished 
there  even,  which  is  mosquito  land  itself. 

If  there  is  anything  in  this — if  the  English 
sparrow  does  actually  wage  war  on  mosquitos, 
as  on  measuring  worms  and  caterpillars,  and 
other  insect  nuisances,  which  threatened  at  one 
time  to  compel  the  removal  of  shade  trees  from 
all  our  cities  and  towns — then  we  go  for  import- 
ing one  thousand  or  five  thousand  pairs  at 
once,  to  be  domesticated  in  Boston  and  imme- 
diate neighborhood,  as  a  matter  of  more  im- 
portance to  the  peace  and  comfort  of  our  citi- 
zens than  would  be  the  addition  of  one  hundred 
extra  policemen. — Boston  Traveler. 

Fastening  Loose  Window-sashes. — The  most 
convenient  way  to  prevent  loose  window-sashes 
from  rattling  when  the  wind  blows,  is  to  make 
four  one-sided  buttons  of  wood,  and  screw 
them  to  the  stopes  which  are  nailed  to  the  face- 
casings  of  the  window,  making  each  button  of 
proper  length  to  press  the  side  of  the  sash  out- 
wards when  the  end  of  the  button  is  turned 
down  horizontally.  The  buttons  operate  like 
a  cam.  By  having  them  of  the  correct  length 
to  crowd  the  sash  outwards,  the  sash  will  not 
only  be  held  so  firmly  that  it  cannot  rattle,  but 
the  crack  which  admitted  dust  and  cold  air  will 
be  closed  so  tightly  that  no  window-strips  will 
be  required.  The  buttons  should  be  placed 
about  half-way  from  the  upper  to  the  lower  end 
of  each  stile  of  the  sashes. 


Canal  Boat  Propulsion. — Dr.  E.  Hunter, 
of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  has  invented  a  method  of 
propelling  canal  boats  by  means  of  an  india- 
rubber  plate  attached  to  the  stern  of  the  boat 
and  actuated  by  steam  in  the  manner  of  a  fish's 
tail. 


Mechanical  Hints. 

Best  Time  fob  Painting  Houses. — Technolo- 
gist says :  The  best  time  for  painting  the  exte- 
rior of  buildings  is  late  in  the  autumn  or  during 
the  winter.  Paint  then  applied  will  endure 
twice  as  long  as  when  applied  in  early  summer 
or  in  hot  weather.  In  the  former  it  dries  slow- 
ly and  becomes  very  hard,  like  a  glazed  sur- 
face, not  easily  affected  afterwards  by  the 
weather  or  the  beating  of  storms.  But  in  very 
hot  weather  the  oil  in  the  paint  soaks  in  the 
wood  at  once,  as  in  a  sponge,  leaving  the  lead 
nearly  dry  and  nearly  ready  to  crumble  off. 
This  last  difficulty,  however,  might  in  a  meas- 
ure be  guarded  against  though  at  an  increased 
expense,  by  first  going  over  the  surface  with 
raw  oil.  By  painting  in  cold  weather,  one  an- 
noyance might  be  escaped,  namely,  the  collec- 
tion of  small  flies  on  the  fresh  paint. 


Oil  foe  Haknesses. — Harnesses,  it  is  said, 
may  be  rendered  impervious  to  water  by  thor- 
oughly impregnating  them  with  a  mixture  made 
in  the  proportion  of  twenty-one  gallons  of  pure 
whale-oil  and  fifteen  to  seventeen  pounds  of 
india  rubber  shreds.  Heat  these  ingredients 
together  at  a  temperature  of  from  194°  to  240°, 
which  will  insure  the  dissolution  of  the  rub- 
ber. 

Another. — Alcohol,  1  gallon,  white  turpen- 
tine, 1%  lbs.,  gum  shellac,  1%  lbs., Venice  tur- 
pentine, 1  gill.  Let  them  stand  by  the  stove 
until  the  gums  are  dissolved,  then  add  sweet 
oil,  1  gill,  and  color,  if  you  wish  it,  with  lamp- 
black, 2  oz.  This  will  not  crack  like  the  old 
varnish. 


Elastic  Vabnish  fob  Leatheb. — Take  two 
parts  by  weight  of  resin,  and  one  of  india  rub- 
ber, and  heat  them  in  an  earthenware  vessel 
till  they  are  fused  together;  after  which  they 
should  be  stirred  till  they  are  quite  cold;  a  lit- 
tle boiled  linseed  oil  may  be  added  while  the 
materials  are  hot. 


To  Improve  Gilding. — Mix  a  gill  of  water 
with  two  ounces  of  purified  nitre,  one  ounce 
of  alum,  one  ounce  of  common  salt;  lay  this 
over  gilt  articles  with  a  brush,  and  the  color 
will  be  much  improved. 

Any  hard,  steel  tool,  will  cut  glass  with  great 
facility  when  kept  freely  wet  with  camphor  dis- 
solved in  turpentine.  The  ragged  edges  of 
glass  vessels  may  also  be  thus  easily  smoothed 
by  a  flat  file. 

Cleaning  Brass. — One  of  the  best  liquids 
to  clean  old  brass  is  a  solution  of  oxalic  acid. 


Qood  HeA>TH- 


More  About  Tight  Shoes. 

Poor,  little,  pinched,  tired  feot !  How  my 
heart  ached  fur  them,  as  I  saw  them  encased  in 
snug,  trim,  buttoned  boots  !  They  were  on  the 
feet  of  a  little  girl,  four  or  five  years'  of  age. 
The  "  night  train"  had  just  reached  its  destina- 
tion, and  early  morning  found  us  very  tired  and 
sleepy  as  we  stepped  to  the  platform  and  hur- 
ried on  our  way. 

The  child  had  evidently  worn  those  new,  tight 
boots  all  night,  aud  was  now  so  stiff  and  lame 
that  each  step  was  a  distortion  of  her  dear  little 
f«ot  and  ankles.  How  she  must  have  suffered 
during  the  long,  long  hours  of  that  night  of 
travel  !  I  could  but  contrast  her  appearance 
with  that  of  a  little  boy  by  my  side,  whose  shoeB 
were  old,  and  easy,  and  comfortable.  I  knew 
that  he  had  enjoyed  a  nice  night's  sleep,  with 
day  clothing  laid  aside,  and  robed  in  his  night 
dress  as  at  home.  Now  he  was  bright  and 
fresh,  and  well  fitted  for  the  day  of  travel  before 
him,  while  the  other  little  one  was  just  the  re- 
verse. I  thought:  "When  will  parents  learn 
common  sense,  aud  dress  their  children  for 
comfort!"  All  day  long,  as  I  journied  on,  and 
many  times  since,  have  I  seen,  in  imagination, 
the  poor,  little,  pinched  feet,  as  I  Baw  them  on 
that  morning. 

Tight  shoes — what  misery  they  give  !  Who 
of  us  has  not  worn  them,  an^l  suffered  in  them, 
and  felt  as  though  we  could  not  endure  them  a 
moment  longer  ?  How  our  tempers  have  been 
turned,  and  peevish  or  angry  retorts  given,  all 
on  account  of  tight  shoes!  Away  with  tight 
shoes,  both  for  ourselves  and  all  under  our 
care!  They  are  a  deadly  foe  to  comfort  and 
happiness. 

Let  us  also  be  oharitable  to  the  failings  and 
faults  of  others;  for  if  not  caused  by  tight  shoes 
on  the  feet,  they  may  be  pinched  somewhere, 
either  in  body  or  mind.  There  are  aches  and 
pains,  secret  trials  and  disappointments,  that 
may  be  called  the  tight  shoes  of  the  soul;  and 
how  often  we  wear  them  perversely,  suffering 
anguish  when  we  have  only  to  throw  off  the 
bondage,  the  desire  for  conventional  trimness 
of  effect,  and,  shod  appropriately  and  sensibly, 
step  forth  cheerily  on  our  way. — Hearth  and 
Home. 

Morbid  Sorrow. 

Too  often  it  is  the  case  that  men  remember 
their  sorrow,  and  do  not  register  their  joy.  But 
even  under  afflictions,  if  men  did  but  know  it, 
there  are  musical  tones  which  might  strike 
through  the  requiem's  wail.  There  are  lights 
that  might  illumine  the  dark,  Bembrandtian 
sorrows .  Men  fall  into  a  mania .  Sorrow  takes 
on  a  diseased  form.  It  becomes  morbid.  It 
whets  and  stimulates  itself.  It  ferments.  It 
overflows.  It  tinges  the  whole  mind  from  top 
to  bottom  with  its  color.  As  just  after  a  drench- 
ing rain  every  twig  on  the  tree  is  fringed  with 
the  drops,  and  every  leaf  weeps;  and,  as  when 
some  gust  of  wind  strikes  it  the  tree  rains  again, 
as  if  it  were  a  cloud;  so,  when  sad  experience 
comes  upon  us,  we  are  apt  to  be  remorseless 
with  ourselves,  and  to  work  upon  our  own  sus- 
ceptibilities. We  do  not  put  hope  over  against 
despair,  and  cheer  over  against  gloom.  There- 
fore much  of  the  suffering  which  men  have  in 
fife,  much  of  the  gloom  which  they  are  under, 
results  from  the  not  using  of  themselves  wisely. 
I  see  in  many  who  come  to  me  a  morbid  taste 
for  suffering.  It  is  a  hideous  form  of  excite- 
ment. Persons  at  last  even  come  to  a  state  in 
which  they  want  to  Buffer — or  rather,  want  to 
be  thought  to  suffer.  They  want  to  reap  in  the 
fields  of  sympathy  this  abnormal  and,  what 
seems  to  me,  hideous  praise  of  seeming  to  suf- 
fer. Sometimes  no  greater  offense  can  be  given 
than  to  compliment  persons  on  their  health, 
and  happiness,  and  prosperity.  For  they  are 
martyrs,  and  they  walk  under  a  cape  of  sadness; 
and  not  to  recognize  that,  it>  to  deny  them  the 
chief  pleasure  almost  of  their  life.  To  be  mis- 
erable is  their  joy  ! — Beecher. 


Eeported  Cure  of  Hydrophobia. — In  the 
newspapers  appears  the  statement  of  a  case  of 
hydrophobia  which  occurred  at  or  near  Detroit, 
and  which  was  treated  successfully  by  the  fol- 
lowing means:  One  grain  sulph.  morph.  was 
injected  hypodermically  every  four  hours,  and 
30  grains  castor  given  at  the  same  intervals. 
Small  quantities  of  chloroform  were  also  in- 
haled. Sleep  was  produced  in  half  an  hour, 
lasting  an  hour  and  a  half,  and  finally  the  con- 
vulsions ceased.  The  patient  was  wrapped  in 
a  woolen  blanket  wrung  out  of  a  warm  solution 
of  muriate  of  ammonia,  20  grains  to  the  ounce; 
but  this  was  not  done  till  the  symptoms  began 
to  yield.  There  was  nothing  very  novel  in  this 
treatment,  especially  as  to  the  morphia  and 
chloroform,  which  were  doubtless  the  efficient 
agents,  admitting  the  case  to  be  correctly 
stated.  The  castor  and  the  warm  fomentation 
may  have  aided  slightly.  But  the  patient  is 
described  as  "barking  like  a  dog,"  seizing  the 
pillows  in  his  teeth  and  shaking  them  like  a 
a  ferocious  dog,  etc  This  part  of  the  story 
does  not  add  to  its  credibility.  It  is  matter  of 
surprise  that  newspapers  conducted  by  intelli- 
gent men  will  from  time  to  time  give  currency 
to  such  statements,  whilst  physicians  every- 
where have  declared  against  them  as  popular 
errors.  Probably  one-half  the  civilized  world 
still  believe  that  men  with  dydrophobia  act  the 
part  of  rabid  dogs,  and  are  frequently  relieved 
from  suffering,  through  professional  authority, 
by  pressure  between  feather  beds. — American 
Chemist. 


What  to  Do  in  Emergencies. — If  a  person 
falls  in  a  fit,  and  begins  to  snore  loudly,  with  a 
very  red  face,  it  is  apoplexy.  Let  him  be  seated 
so  as  to  favor  the  blood  going  downwards,  from 
tne  head;  apply  cold  cloths  to  the  head  , or 
cushions  to  equal  quantities  of  snow  or 
pounded  ice  and  common  salt.  If  the  person 
is  perfectly  still,  face  pale,  and  there  is  no  per- 
ceptible breathing,  it  is  a  fit  of  fainting.  Do 
not  touch  him,  except  to  loosen  the  clothing; 
then  keep  off  five  or  ten  feet  distant,  so  as  to 
allow  the  air  to  come  in;  make  no  noise,  aud 
there  will  soon  be  a  calm,  quiet  return  to  con- 
sciousness and  life,  for  it  is  only  a  momentary 
cessation  of  the  circulation  of  the  blood  to  the 
head.  But  suppose  there  is  a  very  violent  mo- 
tion of  the  hands  and  feet,  and  are  all  sorts  of 
bodily  contortions,  it  is  epilepsy.  Lot  the  man 
contort  until  ho  is  tired;  you  can't  hold  him 
still;  all  your  efforts  only  tend  to  aggravate  tho 
trouble  aud  exhaust  the  strength;  all  that  ought 
to  be  done  is  to  keep  the  unfortunate  from 
hurting  himself.  There  is  no  felt  suffering,  for 
as  soon  as  he  comes  to  he  will  tell  you  that  he 
remembers  nothing  whatever  of  what  has 
passed,  appears  to  be  the  only  calm  and  self- 
possessed  person  in  the  whole  crowd,  and  is 
apparently  as  perfectly  weU  as  before  the  oc- 
currence. Dizziness  often  comes  instantane- 
ously, and  we  begin  to  reel  before  we  know  it. 
Shut  the  eyes,  whether  you  are  walking  along 
the  street,  looking  over  a  precipice,  ascending 
a  ladder,  or  climbing  to  a  ship's  mast  head;  the 
fear  of  'dizziness  disappears  instantly  if  you 
look  upwards. — Hail's  Journal  of  Health. 

Antidote  to  Phosphorous. — It  is  well  known 
that  many  metallic  salts,  such  as  acetate  of 
lead,  sulphate  of  copper,  salts  of  mercury,  bis- 
muth, etc.,  are  withdrawn  from  their  aqueous 
solutions  by  vegetable  charcoal,  but  to  a  still 
greater  extent  by  mineral  black.  Carbon  also 
absorbs  many  alkaloids  from  their  solutions, 
and  it  is  upon  this  property  that  the  process  is 
based  for  the  detection  of  strychnine  in  beer  by 
its  means.  MM.  Eulenberg  and  Vohl  now  show 
that  phosphorous  is  also  absorbed  by  carbon, 
and  to  such  an  extent  that  carbon  taken  in  tho 
form  of  pills  constitutes  a  complete  antidote  to 
the  poison,  and  relieves  those  who  have  to  ma- 
nipulate phosphorous  from  all  the  disastrous 
consequences  hitherto  accruing.  The  experi- 
ments they  have  made  upon  animals  have 
yielded  exceedingly  favorable  results.  They 
prepare  the  animal  charcoal  pills  by  powdering 
the  charcoal  and  making  it  up  with  alittlo  gum. 
In  match-factories  they  find  the  results  of  these 
pills  are  better  than  those  obtained  by  tho  use 
of  the  essence  of  terebinthine  of  M.  Personne, 
as  the  continued  use  of  the  latter  was  found  to 
produce  violent  headaches. — Am.  Artisan. 

California  Board  of  Health. — Dr.  Logan 
in  his  last  monthly  health  report,  says : — The 
State  continues  in  the  possession  of  the  high 
sanitary  condition  that  has  ruled  for  some  time 
past.  Pneumonia  and  catarrhal  affections  have 
prevailed  pretty  generally,  but  of  a  mild  form; 
also,  rheumatism.  Several  well  marked  cases 
of  scarlatina  have  been  observed  in  differennt 
points.  Small-pox  still  continues  by  frequent 
importations  from  other  places,  but  owing  to 
the  prompt  measures  adopted  in  isolating  the 
cases  as  soon  as  discovered,  it  has  not  spread. 
There  is  now  one  case  in  Sacramento,  which  is 
quarantined  in  a  tent  some  two  miles  from  the 
city.  Vaccination  has  been  so  general  as, 
probably,  to  render  it  impossible  for  this  dis- 
ease to  prevail  to  any  extent  during  the  ap- 
proaching dry  season. 

Exercise. — The  amount  of  daily  exercise 
necessary  for  health  depends  upon  the  kind  of 
exercise,  and  varies  considerably  with  different 
persons  and  with  the  same  person  at  different 
times.  A  safe  rule  to  go  by  is  to  exercise  until 
slightly  fatigued.  It  should  not  be  continued 
so  long  that  half  an  hour  of  perfect  rest  will 
not  entirely  remove  all  feeling  of  fatigue. 
Special  exercise  for  retaining  health  should  not 
as  a  general  rule  be  taken  less  than  Wo  or  three 
hours  after  a  meal,  except  it  may  be  some  slight 
exercise,  as  moderate  walking,  riding,  etc.  A 
person  should  always  be  thoroughly  rested 
after  exercise,  before  eating;  perhaps  the  very 
best  time  of  day  for  taking  exercise  is  from  10 
to  12  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  although  the 
time  may  be  varied  to  suit  the  person's  con- 
venience.— Herald  of  Health. 

To  Cure  the  Love  of  Ardent  Spirits. — 
Captain  Hall  was  the  commander  of  the  Great 
Eastern  steamship.  He  had  fallen  into  such 
habitual  drunkenness  that  his  most  earnest  ef- 
forts to  reclaim  himself  proved  unavailing.  At 
length  he  sought  the  advice  of  an  ancient  physi- 
cian, who  gave  him  a  prescription  which  he 
followed  faithfully  for  seven  months.  At  the 
end  of  that  time  he  had  lost  all  desire  for 
liquor,  although  he  had  many  times  been  led 
captive  by  a  most  debasing  appetite.  The  pre- 
scription, which  he  afterwards  published,  and 
by  which  so  many  other  drunkards  have  been 
assisted  to  reform,  is  as  follows:  Sulphate  of 
iron,  5  grains;  magnesia,  10  grains;  peppermint 
water,  11  drachms;  spirit  of  nutmeg,  1  drachm; 
twice  a  day. 

To  Believe  Frosted  Feet. — To  relieve  the 
intense  itching  of  frosted  feet,  dissolve  a  lump 
of  alum  in  a  little  water  and  bathe  the  part 
with  it,  warming  it  before  the  fire.  One  or 
two  applications  is  sure  to  give  relief. 


Whooping  cough  is  now  cured  by  compressed 
air.  Dr.  Sardahl,  of  Stockholm,  reports  102 
cases  rapidly  cured  by  this  treatment. — Medical 
Journal. 


248 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  20,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWBE Sbniob  Editor. 

DEWET  «fc  CO.,  ^Publishers. 

.  T.  DEWEY,  GEO.  K.  STBONG, 

W.  B.  EWEB,  JNO.  L.  BOONE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

ADVEETisiNa Rates. — lweek.  lmonlh.    3montlis.   lyear. 

Perline 25  .80  12.00        $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00       $3.00  7.50        20.00 

Oneinch 2.00         6.00  14.00         38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rateB.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  ertraordinarytype  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subsobtptions  payable  in  advance — For  one  year,  $4; 
six  months,  $2.50;  three  months,  $1.25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1 H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3a. :  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion, la. ;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 


r^an  Franolseo: 

Saturday  Morning,  April  20,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates. 

San  Fbanoisoo,  Wednesday,  April  17,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying,  91M ;  selling,  91%.  Gold  in  New  York 
•o-day,  110%. 


Table  of  Contents. 

Editobials— Honors  to  Prof -Morse;  Gold  on  the  Northern 
Coast,  241.  Animal  Power,  246.  The  Scarcity  of 
Iron;  New  Mode  of  Prospecting  Mines;  English  Capi- 
tal in  Our  Gravel  Mines,  248.  Geological  Survey; 
Infringement  of  Patents,  249.  The  Best  Zinc  for 
Galvanic  Batteries;  Bridges;  Sales;  Discoveries,  252. 

Illustrations. — Device  for  Telegraphiug  Both  Ways, 
Simultaneously,  on  a  Single  Wire,  241.  Sequoia 
Gigantea,  246.  Dewey's  Patent  Can  Opener;  Spiral 
Spring  Pencil  Sharpener,  249. 

Cobbespondenoe.— Notes  of  Travel  from  Placer  County, 
Continued,  242. 

Mechanical  Pkogbess. — Utilization  of  Tin-plate  Clip- 
pings (Tinners'  Waste) ;  The  Production  of  Bright  or 
Lustrous  Colors  of  Metals;  Glass  Bearings,  243. 

Scientific  Pbogbess. — The  Spectroscope  of  the  Nebular 
Hypothesis;  Velocity  of  Meteoric  Stones;  Eruption  of 
Meteorites  from  the  Sun;  The  Transit  of  Venus;  Dan- 
gerous Gas  Pipes,  243. 

Mining  Summary.— Reports  from  MineB  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Direc- 
tory, 245. 

Dbefox  Infobmation. — The  Nature  of  Different  Resins; 
Experiments  about  Heat;  Sparrows  and  Musquitos; 
Mechanical  Hints. — Best  Time  for  Painting  Houses; 
Oil  for  Harnesses;  Elastic  Varnish  for  Leather,  247. 

Good  Health. -More  About  Tight  Shoes;  Morbid  Sor- 
row; Reported  Cure  of  Hydrophobia;  What  to  Do  in 
Emergencies;  Antidote  to  Phosphorous;  To  Cure  the 
Love  of  Ardent  Spirits,  247. 

Domestic  Economy. —Poor  Housekeepers  Make  Poot 
Servants;  How  to  Cover  a  Comfortable;  How  to  Carve; 
Taking  Boiled  Potatoes  Out  of  the  Kettle;  Vinegar 
from  Unripe  Fruit;  Cucumber  salad;  Summer  Bever- 
ages, 251. 

Miscellaneous. — Mining  Matters  in  Utah,  242.  Steam 
Communication  and  Engine  Power  for  Isolated  Mines; 
Gould  and  Curry  Improvements;  Legends  of  the  Yel- 
lowstone; California  Pears  in  Europe,  246.  Patents 
and  Inventions,  249.    New  Incorporations,  252. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 

B.  T.  writes  to  us  to  know  whether,  in 
working  with  a  hydraulic  with  a  given  fall 
or  pressure,  increasing  the  size  of  the 
pipe  in  which  the  water  is  conducted  to 
the  nozzle,  will  increase  the  force  or  power 
of  the  stream? 

If  the  orifice  at  which  the  water  enters 
the  pipe  remains  the  same,  and  also  the 
head  or  pressure,  and  size  of  nozzle,  in- 
creasing the  size  of  the  pipe  would  make 
no  material  difference.  That  is  if  your 
pipe  is  now  of  sufficient  capacity  to  carry 
freely  the  number  of  inches  you  require. 
If  it  is  not,  of  course  increase  it  until  it 
will.  When  you  arrive  at  that  point  no 
further  enlargement  would  be  any  benefit, 
except  that  it  might  decrease  the  friction 
in  a  very  slight  degree. 

The  same  correspondent  wants  to  know 
whether  carbolic  acid  is  ever  applied  as  a 
medicine  either  externally  or  internally. 

It  is  used  externally  in  cases  of  bad 
sores,  ulcerations,  etc.,  principally  for  its 
antiseptic  properties.  Sometimes  applied 
internally,  but  not  often.  Its  uses  are  as 
yet  little  known,  and  experiments  are  be- 
ing continually  made  with  it.  "When  used 
as  a  medicine  it  is  generally  diluted  freely 
with  water. 

T_j.  B. — The  specimen  of  ore  sent,  is 
micaceouB  iron. 

Mr.  A.  B.  Paul  has  just  finished  at  the 
Miners'  Foundry,  one  of  his  electric  chem- 
ical, dry  amalgamating  mills  for  the  Cala- 
veras Mining  Co.,  at  Murphy's  Camp,  Cal- 
averas County.  The  mill  is  a  very  com- 
plete affair  of  six  tons  capacity. 

Stocks. — By  reference  to  our  Stock  Exchange 
report  the  general  activity  and  rise  in  price  in 
mining  stocks  may  be  seen. 


The  Scarcity  of  Iron. 

American  skill  and  inventive  faculty  is 
constantly  applying  iron  to  so  many  new 
uses,  and  our  increasing  manufacturing 
prosperity  in  all  the  different  branches 
connected  with  the  railroad,  foundry  and 
rolling  mill  interests,  causes  the  present 
scarcity  and  consequent  rise  in  value  of 
iron  to  be  much  felt.  All  kinds  of  iron 
are  reported  at  very  high  and  steadily  in- 
creasing prices,  with  great  scarcity.  To 
make  the  matter  worse,  as  far  as  any  im- 
mediate reduction  in  'price  is  concerned, 
the  demand  for  iron  is  very  great  and  in- 
creasing wonderfully.  There  is  an  extra- 
ordinary activity  in  railroad  building,  not 
only  in  the  United  States,  but  in  Europe 
and  elsewhere,  and  the  necessity  for  iron 
in  the  manufacture  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments, engines,  iron  cars,  iron  steamships, 
and  the  ordinary  arts  is  greater  than  it  ever 
has  been  before. 

Many  reasons  for  this  advance  in  prices 
are  given,  By  some  it  is  contended  that 
at  the  close  of  last  year,  all  the  stock  had 
been  nearly  worked  up  by  mills  using  large 
quantities  and  they  did  not  wish  to  pur- 
chase ahead  until  their  books  told  them 
how  well  they  had  done.  As  soon  as  they 
saw  the  figures  were  profitable  they  all 
wanted  to  buy  at  once,  which  naturally 
caused  the  market  to  rise.  Others  say  that 
it  was  through  the  unprecedented  demand 
for  railroad  material,  caused  by  the  un- 
usual amount  of  road  in  process  of  con- 
struction or  projected.  Again,  it  is  held 
that  the  advance  is  due  to  the  uncertainty 
as  to  the  action  of  Congress  on  the  tariff 
question ;  for  by  a  reduction  of  the  tariff, 
trade  would  be  so  affected  that  many  fur- 
naces would  stop,  whioh  cause  produces 
to  curtail  the  capacity  of  their  works, 
rather  than  increase  them,  as  later  devel- 
opments prove  they  should  have  done. 
Then  it  is  said  that  it  is  owing  to  the  great- 
ly increased  demand  in  manufacturing  es- 
tablishments— foundries,  mills,  etc. — and 
the  progress  in  this  country  of  making  iron 
building  material,  iron  and  steel  bridges, 
mining  machinery,  Jstairways,  elevators, 
car  wheels,  rails,  gas  and  water  pipes, 
stoves  and  furnaces,  iron  ships,  farm  im- 
plements, arms,  cars,  and  the  numberless 
little  articles  for  domestic  use,  tools,  etc. , 
all  of  which  helps  to  exhaust  the  supply , 
since  they  need  a  large  quantity  of  iron  in 
their  manufacture.  The  labor  question  in 
Europe  and  the  uncertainty  as  to  increase 
of  supply ,  together  with  the  rapid  consump- 
tion has  also  been  considered. 

It  is  most  probable  that  all  of  these  rea- 
sons have  a  bearing  on  the  question  and 
perhaps  it  is  more  likely  that  they  have 
all  exerted  their  influence,  rather  than  any 
special  cause.  However,  it  is  certain  that 
a  number  of  enterprises  are  suffering  from 
the  effect,  whatever  the  cause.  Bailroad 
men  who  commenced  the  construction  of 
roads  a  few  months  since,  find  their  pros- 
pective calculations  sadly  faltered  by  this 
unexpected  rise  in  iron,  and  besides  hav- 
ing to  pay  from  $10  to  $15  more  a  ton  than 
they  expected,  may  consider  themselves 
in  luck  if  they  can  procure  what  they  ab- 
solutely need  and  pay  cash  in  the  bargain. 

The  European  market  is  very  close  and 
it  is  impossible  to  get  more  j,than  small 
quantities  at  a  time  and  then  only  by  pay- 
ing cash,  contrary  to  the  UBual  custom. 
The  state  of  the  markets  has  induced 
skilled  laborers,  who  knew  their  import- 
ance, to  keep  constantly  striking  for  higher 
wages,  and  their  efforts  have  been  aided 
by  the  coal  miners,  whose  actions  have 
caused  English  coal  to  go  up  higher  than 
ever  before,  which  also  exerts  a  great  in- 
fluence on  the  iron  product  of  that  coun- 
try. Pig  iron  has  been  contracted  for  by 
large  consumers,  in  some  cases  a  year  and 
a  year  and  a  half  ahead,  and  other  parties 
not  so  fortunate  or  farsighted  are  com- 
pelled to  run  on  "  short  rations." 

"When  this  scarcity  began  to  be    felt 


slightly,  about  a  year  ago,  it  was  supposed 
that  it  would  only  be  temporary,  and  most 
iron  producers  were  cautious  about  in- 
creasing their  facilities  for  fear  of  depress- 
ing the  market  by  producing  more  than 
the  necessities  of  manufacture  called  for, 
and  thereby  rendering  the  business  im- 
profitable  by  lowering  the  prices.  The 
iron-producing  regions  of  the  "United  States 
have  not  been  able  to  do  as  muoh  as  they 
might  have  done,  on  account  of  the  soaroity 
of  fuel,  caused  by  the  different  coal  miner's 
strikes,  and  many  companies  have  not  been 
able  to  keep  pace  with  the  demand. 

Although  the  foreign  article  does  not 
exert  the  influence  in  our  markets  that  it 
did  when  the  English  had  an  exolusive 
monopoly,  it  nevertheless  affects  us  seri- 
ously since  the  Amerioan  production  is 
not  equal  to  the  demand  ;  nor,  in  fact,  is 
that  of  both  countries  combined  just  at 
present. 

The  progress  made  in  the  past  few  years 
since  the  war,  by  the  United  States,  in  the 
magnitude,  scope,  and  variety  of  manu- 
factures is  such  as  was  never  anticipated, 
even  by  the  most  sanguine  persons.  Our 
railroad  interests  are  enormous,  and  we 
are  just  turning  our  attention  to  the  resus- 
citation of  our  commercial  marine  which 
the  necessities  of  the  age  require  shall  be 
of  iron.  Not  only  new  railroads  are  being 
built,  but  the  extent  of  lines  already  con- 
structed whioh  need  daily  repair  in  the 
matter  of  rails,  wheels,  etc ,  would  call  for 
a  large  quantity  of  iron.  Our  population 
is  steadily  increasing,  and  the  class  of  emi- 
grants coming  to  our  shores  and  engaging 
in  agricultural  pursuits  causes  an  increas- 
ing demand  for  farming  implements, 
which  also  consume  quantities"  of  iron. 
"We  are  beginning  to  ship  machinery  of 
this  and  other  classes  to  China  and  Japan, 
and  the  prospects  are  that  that  trade 
will  take  a  great  deal  of  iron  out  of  the 
country  which  would  otherwise  be  used  at 
home.  The  importance  of  the  mining  in- 
terests of  this  coast,  to  which  so  much 
attention  is  being  turned,  is  bringing  capi- 
tal here,  and  with  it  the  necessity  for 
mills,  machinery,  etc.,  of  enlarged  capa- 
city and  strength,  and  the  iron  interests  in 
our  part  of  the  country  need  more  of  a 
supply  than  heretofore. 

Iron  is  the  greatest  necessity  of  modern 
civilization;  it  is  impossible  to  do  without 
it.  If  the  supply  were  entirely  cut  off  for 
a  year  hundreds  of  thousands  of  men 
would  be  thrown  out  of  employment,  and 
business  of  all  kinds  hurt  more  or  less. 
"We  could  not  advance,  and  would  be  com- 
pelled in  many  cases  to  have  recourse  to 
the  rude  tools  of  the  ancients  to  perform 
the  necessary  labors  of  the  day.  Its  appli- 
cation is  so  universal,  so  wide,  that  the 
mind  fails  to  conceive  the  probabilities  of 
such  an  occurrence.  The  world  must 
have  iron,  and  have  it  in  abundance  ;  and 
with  increased  production  comes  an  in- 
crease of  uses.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the 
iron  producers  of  the  world  will  use  their 
most  strenuous  efforts  to  accelerate  the 
production  of  their  mines  and  furnaces, 
and  not  take  advantage  of  the  present 
scarcity  to  keep  up  prices  and  discourage 
manufactures. 


The  Colorado  Mines. — The  new  placer 
diggings  on  the  Colorado  river  are  said  to 
be  creating  quite  an  excitement  and  a  num- 
ber of  enthusiasts  are  about  to  wend  their 
way  thither.  People  are  leaving  Schell- 
burn,  White  Pine,  Pioohe  and  other  points 
in  the  old  mining  districts,  to  try  their 
luck  in  the  new  placers.  Since  the  infor- 
mation as  to  their  extent  and  richness  is 
very  meagre,  everybody  wants  to  know 
about  them,  and  we  should  advise  all  who 
want  to  change  their  abode  to  wait  until 
something  definite  is  learned  and  not  risk 
their  money  and  time  in  running  after  an- 
other "  excitement,"  which  may  amount  to 
nothing.  If  the  countryis  rich,  there  is  time 
enough  for  all  to  go,  and  if  it  is  not,  no- 
body wants  to  go.  A  certain  class  of  men, 
on  this  Coast,  however,  are  always  waiting 
for  some  new  district,  and  rush  there  on 
general  principles,  without  regard  to 
weather,  time,  or  any  other  consideration, 
and  to  them  advice  is  thrown  away.  Sensi- 
ble men  will  wait  developments  and  relia- 
ble information. 


New  Mode  of  Prospecting  Mines. 

The  Virginia  Enterprise  mentions  a  new 
mode  of  prospecting,  recently  adopted  in 
the  lower  levels  of  some  of  the  principal 
mines  on  the  Comstock  lode,  in  which  it 
is  desired  to  keep  the  condition  of  the 
ledge  from  the  knowledge  of  the  workmen. 
Heretofore  it  has  been  customary  to  run  a 
drift  along  the  vein,  and  cross-cut  at  inter- 
vals for  the  purpose  of  examination.  Of 
course,  with  this  plan,  every  one  gaining 
admission  to  the  cross-cuts  could  tell  ex- 
actly how  the  vein  looked,  which  did  not 
suit  the  managers,  who  desire  to  have  ear- 
lier information  than  the  rest  of  mankind. 
So  they  have  adopted  the  device  of  run- 
ning a  drift  in  the  country  rock,  parallel  to 
the  vein  and  boring  from  thence  into  the 
ledge  at  intervals  to  determine  its  charac- 
ter and  value. 

By  the  boring-in  plan  the  miners  see 
nothing  but  the  borings  that  come  out, 
and  cannot  tell  whether  they  are  in  paying 
or  barren  [rock;  but  by  frequent  assays, 
the  Superintendents  know  exactly  what 
they  are  about.  It  has  leaked  out,  that 
one  or  two  leading  mines  in  Gold  Hill, 
and  the  same  number  at  Virginia  City  have 
thus  been  pretty  effectually  gauged  for 
long  distances  on  from  one  to  three  levels. 
While  outsiders  have  been  wondering  at 
the  great  amount  of  time  consumed  in 
running  long  drifts  parallel  to  the  lead 
in  the  mines  of  several  companies,  and 
while  they  have  been  asking  themselves 
why  no  cross-cuts  were  made,  the  Super- 
intendents have  been  quietly  boring  into 
and  feeling  their  way  along  the  vein. 

This  new  mode  of  prospecting  a  mine  is 
certainly  ingenious;  but  how  the  stock- 
holders, outside  of  the  "  ring,"  who  are 
taxed  to  pay  the  cost  of  such  expensive 
prospecting,  and  who  have  a  right  to  know 
the  exact  condition  of  the  mine  will  like 
the  plan  remains  to  be  seen.  It  is  said 
that  the  recent  astonishing  rise  in  stocks 
along  the  Comstock  is  entirely  due  to  the 
result  of  assays  of  borings  secured  for  the 
exclusive  benefit  of  the  "  rings." 

English  Capital  ln  our  Gravel  Mines. 
— The  North  America  drift  gravel  claims, 
at  Hepsedam  (Whisky  Diggings),  Sierra 
county,  containing  450  acres,  have  been 
sold  recently  in  the  London  market  to  the 
"  North  America  Gold  Mining  Company," 
(limited)  for  $400,000,  including  $50,000 
working  capital.  The  purohase  embraces 
the  three  groupes  of  claims  known  as  the 
North  America,  Niagara  and  Vermont, 
lying  contiguous  in  the  ridge  dividing 
the  counties  of  Sierra  and  Plumas.  They 
are  well  opened,  and  proven  to  be  proper- 
ties of  great  value.  D.  W.  C.  Morgan,  a 
former  resident  and  mine  owner  in  Sierra, 
took  possession  for  the  new  company  about 
one  month  since,  and  is  making  improve- 
ments, with  the  view  of  employing  100  or 
200  men  another  year — 65  men  are  now 
engaged,  and  as  many  more  will  be  put  on 
in  a  month  or  two.  These  mines  are  now 
working  profitably,  and  it  is  predicted  they 
wil  prove  the  most  extensive  and  remun- 
erative of  any  in  this  section. 

We  congratulate  our  English  friends  on 
the  acquisition  of  this  property,  and  feel 
certain  that  under  the  management,  the  re- 
turns will  be  fully  up  to  their  most  san- 
guine expectations. 

Bich  Specimens. — Some  beautiful  speci- 
mens of  gold  quartz  from  a  mine  in  El 
Dorado  oounty,  have  been  on  exhibition  at 
the  Qumey1Hall"Clothing  Store,  in  this 
city,  during  the  week. 

They  were  selected  from  a  ton  of  very 
rich  rock,  which  was  taken  out  at  a  single 
blast,  and  are  said  to  be  valued  at  $7,000. 
A  single  specimen  from  the  same  mine  was 
shown  here  some  two  or  three  months 
since,  which  was  valued  at  nearly  $10,000. 

The  ledge  from  which  it  is  taken  is  said 
to  abound  in  "pockets,"  and  judging  from 
the  appearances  of  the  pieces  in  question 
the  owners  are  very  fortunate  individuals. 


April  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


249 


Patent  Can-Opener. 

The  variety  of  canned  fruits,  meats,  fish 
and  vegetables  consumed  by  the  civilized 
world  is  constantly  increasing,  while  the 
amount  annually  consumed  is  already 
much  greater  than  is  generally  supposed. 
The  cheapest  receptacles  for  putting  up 
such  preserves  are  tin  cans  tightly  solder 
cd,  and  consequently  the  bulk  of  our 
canned  goods  are  so  sealed.  To  furnish 
the  best  implement,  at  a  moderate  cost,  for 
opening  these  cans,  has  called  into  requi- 
sition much  inventive  ingenuity,  and  vari- 
ous devices  have  boon  patented,  some  of 
which  seem  to  answer  tolerably  well  the 
purposes  for  which  they  wore  intended. 

To  produce  the  best  can-opener,  in  all 
respects,  however,  seems  to  hove  been  left 
to  a  California  artisan,  who  patented  the 
one  here  represented  in  1870.  It  cuts 
either  a  circular  opening  or  a  square 
one,  as  may  be  desired.  To  make  a  round 
cut,  as  in  opening  an  oyster  can,  the 
rounded  point  is  thrust  downward  through 
the  top,  and  the  handlo  lowored  so  as  to 
bring  the  circular  cutting  knife,  (which 
slides  on  the  bar,  in  order  to  regulate  the 
sizo  of  the  opening,)  clown  to  the  surface 
of  the  can,  when  with  a  slight  pressure  its 
point  will  enter  the  can,  and  when  the 
handle  is  drawn  around,  the  cut  is   easily 


made.  To  make  a  square  opening,  as  for 
instance  in  a  sardine  box,  the  instrument 
is  inverted,  and  the  straight  cutting  knife 
at  the  point  is  inserted,  instead  of  the 
rounded  point,  when  by  an  up  and  down- 
ward movement  of  the  handle,  acting  as  a 
lever,  a  straightforward  incision  is  made. 
The  flat  spring  over  the  bar  holds  the  slid- 
ing knife  in  place.  It  is  a  simple,  easily 
handled  instrument,  comparatively  indis- 
pensable for  family  use,  and  especially 
serviceable  to  hotels,  restaurants,  ships, etc. 
Tinners  and  saddlers  also  find  them  quite 
useful  in  their  trades.  Eugene  F.  Dewey, 
formerly  of  San  Francisco,  is  the  inventor. 
Weister  &  Co.,  patent  salesmen,  No.  17 
New  Montgomery  street,  are  general  agents 
for  the  Pacific  States,  and  can  be  addressed 
for  agencies.  For  information  to  distant 
readers  we  will  mention  that  samples  are 
sent,  post  paid,  for  75  cents,  in  currency 
or  postage  stamps. 

Utah  Mines. — The  mines  in  Little  Cot- 
tonwood are  doing  splendidly,  and  the 
Emma,  Flagstaff,  Wellington,  Davenport, 
Montezuma,  Lexington  and  Savage  have  a 
large  amount  of  ore  on  hand  ready  for 
shipment  as  soon  as  the  weather  will  per- 
mit. A  number  of  snow  slides  have 
occurred  in  the  canon,  recently,  resulting 
in  loss  of  life  and  injury. 

The  heavy  storms  have  caused  such  an 
accumulation  of  snow  that  great  fears  are 
entertained  of  future  slides,  and  prepara- 
tions have  been  made  to  prevent  accidents 
as  far  as  possible.  A  number  of  capital- 
ists and  experts  are  in  readiness  to  make 
examination  of  several  mines  as  soon  as 
the  weather  will  permit  them  to  leave  Salt 
Lake  City.  Samples  of  gold  quartz  have 
been  brought  to  that  place  from  Little 
Cottonwood,  which  look  well. 


Pacific  Coast  Mercantile  Dieectoe. — This 
is  the  name  of  a  new  publication,  several  speci- 
men pages  of  which,  have  been  laid  upon  our 
table  and  which  will  be  issued  at  an  early  day. 
This  paper  has  been  started  mainly  through  the 
instrumentality  of  Mr.  'William  H.  Murray,  busi- 
ness manager,  who  has  been  for  several  years  a 
travelling  correspondent  of  this  journal,  and  to 
meet  a  primary  want  which  he  found  to  exist 
for  a  medium  of  communication  between  the 
merchants  of  the  interior  and  the  wholesale 
dealers  of  this  city.  Each  number  of  the  paper 
will  comprise  from  16  to  32  pages,  according  to 
the  demands  for  advertising  space,  and  will  be 
furnished  regularly  to  interior  merchants,  book- 
keepers, etc.,  at  the  rate  of  $1  for  12  months. 
"We  presume  the  paper  will  be  issued  monthly. 
Among  its  contributors  are  such  men  as  Prof. 
E.  S.  Carr,  of  the  State  University,  K.  G-. 
Sneath,  etc.,  while  quite  a  number  of  our  lead- 
ing business  men  have  allowed  the  use  of  their 
names  as  promoters  and  encouragers  of  the 
enterprise.  We  understand  that  the  advertising 
columns  of  the  first  number  are  fast  filling  up. 


The  Spiral  Spring   Pencil   Sharpener. 

The  accompanying  illustration  repre- 
sents a  neat  device  for  sharpening  lead 
pencils  so  as  to  make  a  fine  point,  without 
having  to  soil  the  fingers  in  so  doing.  It 
is  made  in  two  parts,  the  guide,  which  is 
placed  upon  the  pencil,  and  a  circular  cut- 
ter raised  upon  a  wooden  stand.  The 
stand  is  made  bowl-shaped  so  as  to  collect 
the  lead  and  shavings.  The  guide  consists 
of  a  tube  having  a  revolving  spring  within 
it,  which  clasps  the  pencil,  allows  it  to 
turn  inside  the  tube  and  at  the  same  time 
prevents  its  slipping.  One  surface  is 
beveled,  so  that  part  of  the  pencil  may 
project  sufficiently  to  be  subjected  to  the 
cutter,  and  by  being  turned  by  the  hand, 
prosent  a  different  surface  to  the  cutter, 
until  it  tapers  to  a  fine  point. 

The  disk  or  cutter  is  a  fixture  upon  the 
wood,  but  the  metal  cap  which  covers  it 
is  movable.  Upon  the  oap  is  a  rost,  called 
the  guard,  into  which  the  guide  is  placed. 
A  portion  of  the  blade,  or  cutter,  is  ex- 
posed by   the  cap   being  cut  away.     The 


Geological  Survey. 

The  members  of  the  Geological  Survey 
are  all  busy  pursuing  the  various  duties 
allotted  to  them  by  Professor  Whitney, 
and  it  will  not  be  long  before  the  State 
maps  are  completed.  We  spoke  a  short  time 
since  of  the  map  of  the  Pliocene  rivers, 
which,  when  finished,  will  be  particularly 
interesting  as  showing  the  localities  of  the 
deep  gravel  deposits  of  the  State.  The 
geological  map  of  the  State  is  in  the  en- 
graver's hands;  a  large  portion  of  it  is 
finished.  The  rocks  of  the  whole  Stats 
have  been  geologically  located.  One  of 
the  interesting  features  of  this  map  is  the 
colored  portion  showing  the  direction  and 
location  of  the  auriferous  slate  rock, 
chiefly  of  Jurassic  age,  which  runs  out  to 
the  ocean  near  Oregon,  including  the  auri- 
ferous gravel  basins  of  the  Klamath  and 
Trinity  rivers.  Some  of  these  same  slates 
are  now  on  the  top  of  Mt.  Dana. 

Another  (interesting  point  is  that  it  dis- 
tinctly shows  the  regularity  with  which 
one  formation  followed  the  other  in  a  sort 


BURGESS'    SPIRAL    SPRING    PENCIL    SHARPENER. 


guide  is  worked  back  and  forth  over  the 
cutter,  so  presenting  the  pencil  to  be  cut 
off  until  the  point  is  made.  The  cutter  is 
of  fine  saw  Bteel  and  has  a  very  sharp 
edge.  When  that  part  of  the  blade  in  use 
becomes  dull,  by  moving  the  cap  slightly 
a  new  edge  is  presented,  which  may  be  re- 
peated until  the  whole  circumference  of 
the  cutter  has  become  dulled.  It  is  then 
only  necessary  to  take  out  the  screw,  re- 
move and  sharpen  the  blade,  and  replace 
it. 

This  device  is  intended  for  FaberB'  pen- 
cils principally,  but  will  sharpen  any 
which  will  enter  the  spring.  It  will  be 
found  useful  in  banks,  counting-houses, 
sohools,  families,  etc.,  and  especially  con- 
venient for  ladies  whose  pencils  are  pro- 
verbially blunt,  and  whose  pen-knives  are 
seldom  sharp;  moreover  it  will  not  soil 
the  fingers.  The  principal  parts  of  this 
invention  have  been  patented,  and  the 
patent  covering  the  remainder  is  pending. 
Hubert  Burgess  is  patentee,  and  J.  Stott, 
1,002  Market  street,  is  agent. 

Selling  Milk. — Some  German  papers 
are  urging  that  milk  be  sold,  like  spirits, 
according  to  the  percentage  of  the  valua- 
ble constituent.  Both  sellers  and  purchas- 
ers of  spirits  are  satisfied  with  this  method, 
as  would  be  also  both  sellers  and  purchas- 
ers of  milk.  The  advantages  are  manifest, 
so  much  so  that  one  editor  thinks  it  neces- 
sary to  allude  to  one  only, — that  there 
would  then  be  "no  necessity  among  dairy- 
men of  raising  milk-water-giving  cows  and 
of  making  the  cattle  sick." 

Coal. — During  the  month  of  March 
15,200  tons  of  coal  were  shipped  from  the 
Pittsburg  Coal  Company  and  the  Black 
Diamond  Coal  Company's  mines  at  Mount 
Diablo,  Contra  Costa  Co. 


of  land-making  process  toward  the  west. 
It  is  very  practically  shown  and  applica- 
ble in  connection  with  the  Pliocene  riv- 
ers, the  formations  corresponding  to  which 
are  traceable  all  over  State,  in  the  valleys 
far  removed  from  the  Sierras.  This  map 
is  to  be  properly  colored  to  represent  the 
different  geological  formations  and  as  soon 
as  the  different  plates  are  made  the  map 
will  be  issued.  The  Pliocene  river  map 
is  a  distinct  and  separate  publication. 
Another  edifying  feature  is  that  which 
shows  the  distribution  of  the  lavas  of  the 
State,  where  the  activity  of  volcanic  action 
existed  and  where  it  thinned  out. 

Prof.  Whitney  will  leave  this  week  with 
a  party  for  the  region  of  the  late  earth- 
quake. He  intends  investigating  the  phe- 
nomena connected  with  {his  great  convul- 
sion of  Nature  and  the  effects  produced  on 
the  country  surrounding  what  is  supposed 
to  have  been  its  central  or  starting  point. 
The  results  of  these  observations  will  doubt- 
less be  of  great  public  interest  and  we  antic- 
ipate with  pleasure  the  perusal  of  the  data 
which  the  Professor  will  collect.  He  Iibs 
made  the  study  of  the  subject  of  earth- 
quakes a  specialty,  and  his  investigations 
will  be  of  a  strictly  scientific  nature.  His 
familiarity  with  the  geology  and  physical 
geography  of  the  State  peculiarly  fit  him 
for  the  task  he  has  undertaken  and  his 
statements  may  be  looked  on  as  reliable 
and  valuable. 


Katleoad  District. — The  Highland  Silver 
Mining  Co.  are  said  to  have  struck  a  fine  body 
of  rich  ore  in  the  Humboldt  mine  in  Railroad 
District,  Nevada.  The  Elko  mine  has  also 
developed  a  good  body  of  ore.  The  mines  are 
all  looking  well  but  there  is  still  plenty  of  snow 
to  contend  with. 


lATENTS  &  INVENTIONS. 


Full  List  of  D.  S.  Patents   Issued  to 
Pacific   Coast   Inventors. 

[Fbom  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  CO.,  D.  8.  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agents,  and  Publishers   of 

TOE  SorENTTEIO   PRESS.] 

Fob  the  Weee  Ending  March  26th,  1872. 
Grain  Separator.— Garland  A. 'Dabney,  San  Jose,  Cal 
Valve  fsb  Water  Clssets.— William  Smith,  S.  F.,  Cal. 

For  thk  Weee  Endko  Apbil  2d. 
Process   and   Apparatus   for   the   Manufacture  of 
Sulphate  of  Lead.— H.    Augustus    Waiting,  s.   F, 
Cal. 

Machine   for  Clarifying,    Mixing    and    Bleaching 

Lard.— Oscar  J.  Backus,  S.  F.,  Cal. 
Manufacture  of  Hose  and  Tubino  for  Water,  Steam 

ami  Other  Fluids.— Sydney  P.  Cook,  s.  P.,  Cul. 
Stamping     and     Hammering     Machine. — George    D. 

Crocker,  Virginia  City,  Nev. 
Grape  Crusher  .and  Stemmer. — George  Johnston,  Sac- 
ramento, and  William  F.  Johnson.  Folsoin,  Cal. 
Device  for  Propelling    Canal  Boats.— Thomas  K. 

McDonell,  S.  F.,  Cal. 
Clothes  Drier., -Anson C.  Stowo,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
Compound  Implement.— John  C.  Schlarbaum.  San  Jose 

Cal. 

For  the  Weee  Ending  Aprh.  9th. 
Apparatus  for]  Obtaining  Mercury  from  its  Ores. — 

Henry  Johnson,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Shoe-Fastening.— Aaron  Lawson,  Petalunia,  Cal. 
Wood  Pavement.— Henry  M.  Stow,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Wood  Pavement.— Henry  M.  Stow,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Preparing  Bloces  for  Wood  Pavement.— Henry  M. 

Stow,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Propeller-Wheel.— Rasmas  Johnson,  San  Francisco 
Cal. 

Machine  foe  Making  Concrete  Pipes.— George  I.  Ea- 
gan,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Artificial  Stone.— George  L.  Eagan,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  assignor  to  himself  and  W.  H.  Van  Doran.SpriDg- 
leld,  HI. 

Furnace  for  Smelting  Ores.— Theophilus  L.  R.  Scheu- 
ner,  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah  Ter.;  antedated  April3, 1872. 

Infringements  of  Patents. 

A  suit  has  been  recently  instituted  by 
Frank  O.  Fisher,  against  B.  B.  Craig  and 
Joseph  Craig  for  alleged  infringement  of 
patent  of  the  "  Hydraulic  Chief"  nozzle. 
The  plaintiff  claims  that  he  has  with  the 
knowledge  of  the  defendants  been  manu- 
facturing and  selling  the  said  apparatus, 
and  that  notwithstanding  this  the  defend- 
ants, contrary  to  his  will,  commenced  to 
sell  the  improvement  in  October,  1871,  and 
have  continued  to  do  so  up  to  the  present 
time.  The  patent,  which  is  well  known, 
consists  of  a  swivel-jointed  nozzle  and  pipe 
combined  so  as  to  form  a  double  move- 
ment; the  nozzle  proper  having  a  perpen- 
dicular movement,  while  the  swivel  joint 
proper  enables  the  entire  apparatus  to  be 
turned  by  a  horizontal  movement,  in  any 
direction.  Between  the  upper  and  lower 
elbow  composing  this  joint  is  a  space 
left  for  the  insertion  of  packing  between 
the  flanges,  in  order  to  be  freely  turned  on 
the  elbow,  and  still  form  a  water-tight 
joint.  The  plaintiff  prays  for  damages  to 
the  amount  of  $5,000. 

John  L.  Stevens  and  Geo.  W.  Stevens 
have  entered  suit  against  Geo.  W.  Swan 
and  Oliver  Hinckley. 

Complainants  state  that  they  are  the  in- 
ventors of  a  new  and  useful  improvement 
in  cases  for  transporting  eggs.  It  consists 
of  a  box  or  case,  divided  into  compart- 
ments of  such  a  size  as  to  hold  one  egg 
each,  the  box  of  any  depth,  placing  a  sep- 
arate diaphragm  horizontally  between  each 
tier  from  the  bottom  to  the  top.  Com- 
plainants further  show  that  in  an  action 
at  law  against  Henry  Cohn  and  Charles 
Martin,  in  October  last,  for  a  violation  of 
the  exclusive  privilege  secured  to  the  plain- 
tiffs, the  jury  of  the  United  States  Circuit 
Court  returned  a  verdict  of  guilty,  and 
awarded  damages  in  the  sum  of  one  dol- 
lar. The  defendant  herein — Swan  &  Co. — 
have  manufactured  and  sold  these  boxes 
since  February,  1867,  and  that  without  the 
consent  of  the  owners  of  the  patent. 
Plaintiffs  pray  that  the  defendants  may  be 
compelled  to  make  a  showing  of  their 
business  in  the  shape  of  egg-box  manufac- 
ture, and  that  they  maybe  decreed  to  ac- 
count for,  and  to  pay  over  to  them  all  the 
gains  and  profits  which  may  have  accrued 
to  defendants  from  using,  making  and 
vending  said  impr  ovement. 

The  excitement-  created  by  the  discovery 
of  placer  diggings  in  Lake  county  has 
abated. 


250 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  20,  1872. 


Jomestic  Economy. 


Poor  Housekeepers  Make  Poor  Servants. 

' ( We  have  sold  our  house  and  gone  to  board- 
ing, and  I  am  once  more  at  rest/ '  This  was 
said  by  a  lady  who  had  had  a  beautiful  home, 
and  a  sufficient  income  to  live  delightfully,  if 
she  had  only  known  how. 

"  I  have  been  tormented  to  death  with  popr 
servants,"  said  she,  "  and  do  not  believe  there 
is  such  a  thing  as  a  good  cook  to  be  found  in  all 
New  York.  I  am  tired  enough  of  this  country, 
and  should  like  to  go  back  to  Paris,  where  we 
can  live  delightfully,  and  with  so  little  trouble. ' ' 

Ah!  the  trouble  is  not  all  with  the  servants, 
thought  I.  Ladies  must  know  something  of 
household  matters  themselves.  A  cook  comes 
to  you  well  recommended;  but,  perhaps,  in  her 
last  place  the  lady  preferred  bakers'  bread  to 
home-made;  never  cared  for  a  nice,  wholesome 
soup,  with  the  dinner,  and  chose  to  send  to  the 
bakers  for  her  pies,  rather  than  have  them 
made  in  the  house.  Let  your  cook  be  ever  so 
good,  she  must  be  in  constant  practice,  else  she 
will  be  liable  to  make  some  very  annoying  fail- 
ures, if  only  at  intervals  of  ten  days,  or  a  fort- 
night, she  may  be  called  upon  to  make  an  extra 
effort. 

Then  again,  ladies  do  not  consider  how  tastes 
vary  in  different  families.  A  dish  that  is  highly 
esteemed  in  one  is  utterly  distasteful  in  another; 
and  what  to  the  cook  and  servants  in  the  kitch- 
en, may  seem  delicious,  will  not  satisfy  the 
more  cultivated  palate  above  stairs. 

What  ladies  most  need  in  housekeeping  is 
patience  and  intelligent  forbearance.  Let  a 
lady  have  discrimination  enough  to  judge 
whether  her  servants,  even  if  they  have  not  her 
ways  of  doing  their  work,  may  not  have  the 
elements  of  good  servants  in  them,  and  then 
let  her  know  enough  herself  to  instruct  them 
into  her  own  ideas  of  labor,  and  she  may  not 
only  have  good  servants,  but  be  able  to  keep 
them  so. 

Not  every  one  realizes  how  much  careful 
marketing  has  to  do  toward  a  well  cooked  meal. 
If  the  marketing  is  left  to  the  servants,  the 
servants  leave  it  to  the  bntcher,  or  grocer,  and 
the  best  cook  may  work  hard  and  intelligently 
and  yet  come  far  short  of  the  success  she  might 
have  attained,  had  good  material  been  put  into 
her  hands. 

Then  the  family  often  complain  that  their 
dinner  is  badly  cooked,  or  unsatisf  actory,  for  no 
earthly  reason,  save  that  the  head  of  the  house 
does  not  understand  how  to  carve,  and  help  to 
the  best  pieces. 

An  old  servant  once  told  me  how,  week  after 
week,  the  roast  beef  wordd  be  sent  down  from 
the  table,  with  the  tenderloin  all  left  for  the 
servants,  the  gentleman,  meanwhile,  complain- 
ing daily,  that  they  always  had  tough  beef, 
simply  because  he  did  not  know  enough  to  turn 
over  his  piece  of  beef,  and  help  himself  to  a 
tender  slice. 

A  lady  once  complained,  at  dinner,  that  her 
fish  was  always  soft,  and  never  came  to  the  ta- 
ble looking  as  it  ought ;  and  yet  I  could  dis- 
cover, at  once,  that  the  fish  had  been  kept  al- 
most to  a  spoiled  condition,  and  know  that  her 
cook  had  not  suitable  utensils  to  cook  it  in,  so 
as  to  give  her  a  chance  to  bring  it,  neatly,  to  the 
table. 

Ah!  ladies  of  New  York,  and  of  America  gen- 
erally, the  fault  is  not  wholly  below 'stairs.  Ed- 
ucate yourselves.  Instead  of  writing  long  letters 
on  what  women  are  not  permitted  to  do,  learn, 
first,  to  do  that  which  all  allow,  it  is  your  duty 
to  do.  Understand  fully  your  duty  to  your 
husbands,  your  children,  and  your  servants,  and 
having  learned  the  lesson,  do  it  well. 

How  to  Cover  a  "Comfortable." 

When  the  outsides  of  a  comfortable  or  bed 
quilt  have  become  tattered,  if  it  is  not  so  heavy 
that  an  extra  covering  will  make  it  burdensome, 
it  is  a  good  plan  to  renew  it  in  this  fashion: 

First,  wash  it  as  clean  as  possible.  If  it  dries 
somewhat  streaky  no  matter;  that  it  shall  be 
thoroughly  sweetened  is  the  main  object;  and 
no  amount  of  exposure  to  the  air  or  beating 
with  a  stick  will  accomplish  this  in  the  case  of 
an  old,  long-used  comfortable.  Trim  off  the 
tatters  of  the  old  covering,  have  the  new  in 
readiness — good  dark  calico  is  the  best  thing — 
and  tack  it  on  in  the  way  log-cabin  patch  work 
is  done.  That  is,  holding  the  quilt  upon  your 
lap  or  on  a  table  front  of  you,  commencing  at 
the  nearest  edge,  folding  the  cloth  back  toward 
you.  Then  baste  or  tack  with  strong  thread  the 
wrong  side  of  the  covering  to  the  quilt,  making 
the  stitches  short'on  the  light  side,  and  as  long 
upon  the  wrong  side  as  you  think  consistent. 
When  you  have  gone  the  length  of  the  quilt,  go 
over  another  portion,  say  six  or  eight  inches 
wide,  and  tack  again.  Just  as  you  would  make 
a  block  of  log-cabin  patch-work,  only  that  the 
cloth  is  all  in  one  piece  instead  of  in  strips, 
and  no  corners  to  be  turned.  When  one  side  is 
finished,  do  the  other  in  the  same  way. 

When  this  covering  becomes  soiled,  it  can  be 
in  five  minutes  ripped  from  the  quilt  for  the 
wash,  while  if  elaborately  knotted  or  quilted 
the  tack  becomes  quite  formidable. —  Western 
Farmer. 


Recipe  foe  Wintee  Mince  Pie. — One  pound 
of  ready  made  sausage,  seasoned,  one  pound 
of  zante  currants,  one  pound  of  raisins,  small 
pint  of  syrup,  three-fourths  of  a  cup  of  vine- 
gar, spice  to  taste.  Put  on  the  stove  and  boil 
ten  minutes.  This  quantity  makes  six  pies  and 
is  very  little  trouble  to  put  together. 


How  to  Carve. 

On  page  187  of  volume  II.  we  gave  an'article 
under  the  above  head  from  the  pen  of  Mrs. 
Henry  Ward  Beecher,  but  the  following,  from 
Hearth  and  Home,  contains  something  farther, 
which  will  be  found  of  interest  to  every  one 
who  desires  to  be  able  to  carve  well  and  easily, 
and  without  awkwardness : 

Carving  is  a  very  desirable  accomplishment 
for  both  ladies  and  gentlemen,  and  should  be 
taught.  One  cannot  learn  it  by  tuition,  but  by 
practice,  joined  by  a  small  slice  of  theory.  It 
is  true  the  French  style  of  serving  meat  sliced 
is  fast  banishing  the  necessity  of  carving  at  the 
table  of  the  rich ;  but  in  middle  life,  where  such 
elegancies  are  not  practiced,  a  knowledge  of 
carving  should  be  a  part  of  a  boy's  or  girl's  ed- 
ucation. 

How  of  ten  do  we  hear  a  person  say:  "Oh, 
excuse  me,  I  can't  carve;  I  never  tried."  Or, 
if  it  be  attempted,  one  soon  finds  himself  sadly 
embarrassed.  He  grasps  the  knife  and  fork 
desperately.  He  has  learned  that  a  slice  of  the 
breast  of  the  turkey  is  a  dainty ;  that  a  wing  is 
good;  the  second  joint  also;  that  the  leg  is  not 
so  good.  But  it  is  not  an  easy  task  to  separate 
them ;  and  he  thinks  he  would  rather  chop  wood 
than  cut  turkey.  He  does  not  know  that  on 
the  back  lies  a  delicious  morsel  called  the  oys- 
ter, and  the  side  bones  below  the  second  joint 
are  considered  titbits.  This  must  be  taught 
him. 

Ladies  ought  especially  to  make  carving  a 
study ;  at  their  own  homes  the  task  often  de- 
volves upon  them,  and  they  should  be  able  to 
perform  it  with  ease,  and  not  be  forced  to  ac- 
cept the  assistance  of  visitors,  who  would  proba- 
bly dread  the  operation.  The  platter  should 
be  placed  so  near  the  carver  that  he  has  full 
control  over  it;  if  far  off  nothing  can  prevent 
an  ungraceful  appearance.  A  sharp  knife  is 
requisite,  and  a  thin  and  well  tempered  blade. 

In  carving  turkey,  cut  off  the  wing  nearest  to 
you  first;  then  the  leg  and  second  joint;  then 
slice  the  breast  until  a  rounded  piece  appears ; 
insert  the  knife  between  them  and  separate 
them — this  partis  the  nicest  bit  of  the  breast; 
next  comes  the  "  merry  thought." 

After  this,  turn  over  the  bird  a  little,  and  just 
below  the  breast  you  will  find  the  oyster,  which 
you  separate  as  you  did  the  inner  breast.  The 
side  bone  line  beside  the  rump,  and  the  desired 
morsel  can  be  taken  without  separating  the 
whole  bone.  Proceed  the  same  with  the  other 
side.  The  fork  need  not  be  removed  during 
the  whole  process.  An  experienced  carver  will 
dissect  a  fowl  as  easily  as  you  can  break  an  egg 
or  cut  a  potato.  He  retains  his  seat,  manages 
his  hands  and  elbows  artistically,  and  is  per- 
fectly at  ease.  There  is  no  difficulty  in  the 
matter;  it  only  requires  knowledge  and  prac- 
tice, and  these  should  be  taught  in  the  family, 
each  child  taking  his  turn.  Chickens  and 
partridges  are  carved  in  the  same  way. 

Taking  Boiled   Potatoes    Out   of  the 
Kettle. 

If  there  is  one  thing  harder  than  another  in 
preparing  this  indispensable  article  for  the  ta- 
ble it  is  taking  a  boiling  hot  kettle  (covered  or 
not)  from  the  fire  and  pouring  the  water  out 
slowly,  which  cannot  be  accomplished  without 
nearly  or  quite  scalding  the  hand  which  holds 
the  kettle;  consequently  the  open  air  is  usually 
better  than  in  a  close,  dark  corner  of  the  kitch- 
en; and  it  is  well  known  that  every  house  is  not 
provided  with  a  drain. 

Imagine  this  process  occupying  at  least  four 
minutes  in  the  cold  or  stifled  air,  steam  rising 
and  enveloping  the  whole  form.  One  or  two 
holders  is  requisite;  then  oftentimes  the  kettle, 
which  is  not  of  the  best  iron,  is  covered,  re- 
placed on  the  stove  to  stand  from  fifteen  to 
thirty  minutes,  until  the  potatoes  are  saturated 
with  rust  or  a  taste  of  iron,  and  all  in  the  bot- 
tom watery,  having  soaked  up  what  it  is  im- 
possible "  to  turn  off,  or  burned  or  blackened, 
making  it  necessary  to  throw  one-third  of  them 
away. 

To  do  away  with  all  these  objections  have  a 
long  handle  skimmer  ( which  costs  ten  cents), 
and  while  the  water  is  flopping  place  it  on  one 
side  under  all  the  potatoes  it  will  hold  at  once 
and  so  on  until  all  are  removed  into  a  conven- 
ient dish.  The  heat  retained  in  the  potatoes 
will  make  them  perfectly  dry  and  mealy  while 
the  steam  is  escaping.  They  should  be  eaten 
before  they  are  done  smoking. 

To  mash  or  jam  them,  skim  out  as  we  have 
shown  into  a  tin-pan;  place  the  pan  on  a  flat 
surface;  then  mash  (not  pound),  which  will 
not  hurt  the  pan  or  the  potatoes,  season  and 
stir  with  a  spoon. 

The  kettle  is  easily  removed  to  cool,  or  with 
one  stroke  the  boiling  water  may  be  turned  into 
the  slop  pail.    Try  it. — Ex. 

Eice  Ceoquettes.  —Take  four  ounces  of  rice 
and  cook  well  in  a  pint  of  milk  and  the  rind  of 
half  a  lemon .  Add  more  milk  if  needed  to  keep 
the  rice  covered.  When  done,  mix  with  two 
tablespoonfuls  of  sugar,  two  ounces  of  butter, 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  milk,  yolks  of  three  eggs, 
a  pinch  of  salt  and  nutmeg  if  agreeable.  Put 
back  on  the  fire  and  stir  for  a  minute.  Spread 
out  on  a  dish  till  cold.  All  this  may  be  done 
the  night  before  if  wanted  for  breakfast.  Then 
mix,  shape,  dip  them  in  whites  of  eggs  and 
bread  crumbs  and  fry.  You  can  cook  the  rice 
first  place  in  water,  by  adding  two  tablespoon- 
fuls of  cream  when  ready  to  make  croquettes  of 
them. 

To  Keep  Knives  feom  Busting. — Scour  them 
on  a  board,  crosswise,  with  some  dry  brick,  after 
having  wiped  them  perfectly  dry;  and  put  them 
away  without  wiping  off  the  brick  dust. 


Vinegar  from  Unripe  Fruit. 

Unripe  fruit,  especially  apples  and  pears,  as 
are  well  known,  is  much  used  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  vinegar;  but  the  process  usually  adopted 
is  defective  in  many  important  points.  We 
give  below  the  substance  of  an  article  from 
Granger's  Manual  of  Vinegar  Making,  which 
may,  perhaps,  serve  a  useful  purpose.  The 
principal  fault  of  the  old  process  consists  in 
throwing  away  the  pulp  after  the  juices  are  ex- 
pressed. As  this,  however,  contains  a  large 
percentage  of  starch,  excellently  adapted  for 
conversion  into  vinegar,  it  is  necessary  to  pre- 
pare the  fruit  so  as  to  save  this  portion  of  its 
substance.  With  this  object  it  is  to  be  grated, 
exactly  as  potatoes  are  prepared  in  the  manu- 
facture of  starch,  and  the  pulp  passed  through 
a  moderately  fine  sieve,  or  through  a  coarse 
and  open  meshed  cloth.  There  is  thus  nothing 
left  behind  but  pomace  proper,  or  cellulose,  all 
the  starchy  matter  having  been  passed  through 
the  sieve  with  the  juice.  This  is  next  to  be  di- 
luted with  water,  in  proportion  to  the  quantity 
of  starchy  matter  thus  obtained,  and  the  whole 
is  placed  in  a  clean  copper  kettle,  one  or  two 
per  cent,  of  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  being 
added,  and  heated  long  enough  to  transform 
the  starch  into  grape  sugar.  The  sulphuric 
acid  is  to  be  neutralized  by  means  of  carbonate 
of  lime;  the  gypsum  or  sulphate  of  lime  thus 
produced  allowed  to  settle,  and  the  liquid  is  to 
be  left  for  fermentation  to  take  place,  with  or 
without  the  use  of  yeast.  A  liquid  having  8  to 
10  per  cent,  of  sugar  can  easily  be  made  to  have 
4  or  5  per  cent,  of  alcohol  after  fermentation, 
which,  by  its  subsequent  acidification,  will 
yield  a  vinegar  of  5  to  6  per  cent,  of J  acetic 
acid. 


Cucumber  Saxatj. — Mrs.  S.  J.  H.  writes:  We 
have  just  prepared  our  winter's  supply  of  cu- 
cumber salad,  and  this  is  how  we  made  it. 
There  were  about  a  dozen  ripe  "White  Spine" 
cucumbers  lying  on  their  vines,  and  these  we 
picked,  washed,  pared,  cut  into  strips,  taking 
out  the  seeds,  and  then  to  each  dozen  cucum- 
bers— which  we  cut  up  into  pieces  like  small 
dice — we  put  twelve  large  white  onions,  chop- 
ped, six  large  green  peppers,  also  chopped  one 
quarter  pound  each  of  black  and  white  mustard 
seed,  and  a  gill  of  celery  seed.  These  were  all 
mixed  together,  a  teacup  of  salt  added,  and 
they  were  then  hung  up  in  a  cotton  bag  to 
drain,  for  twenty-four  hours.  Then  the  salad, 
with  enough  clear  cold  vinegar  added  to  cover 
it,  was  put  into  stone  jars  and  fastened  nearly 
airtight.  In  six  weeks  it  will  be  fit  for  use. 
We  found  this  recipe  in  a  old  paper  some  years 
ago,  and  it  has  proved  one  of  the  nicest  pickles 
we  ever  used.  It  looks  as  well  as  it  tastes, -so 
white  and  crisp,  and  makes  an  elegant  salad  for 
a  joint  of  cold  meat.  It  is  not  like  the  Spanish 
salad,  that  requires  "a  counselor  for  salt,  a 
miser  for  vinegar,  a  spendthrift  for  oil,  and  a 
madman  to  stir  it  up,"  but  it  is  quite  as  good 
in  its  way,  and  not  very  troublesome  to  make. 
— Hearth  and  Home, 


Summer  Beverages. 

Apple  Water. — Slice  two  large  apices,  put 
them  into  a  jar,  and  pour  over  them  one  pint  of 
boiling  water.  Cover  close  for  an  hour;  pour 
off  the  fluid,  and  sweeten'if  necessary. 

Apple  Tea. — Roast  eight  fine  apples  in  the 
oven,  or  before  the  fire;  put  them  in  a  jug  with 
two  spoonfuls  of  sugar,  and  pour  over  them  a 
quart  of  boiling  water.  Let  iff  stand  one  hour 
near  the  fire. 

Beverage  of  Pigs  and  Apples. — Have  two 
quarts  of  water  boiling;  split  six  figs,  and  cut 
two  apples  into  six  or  eight  slices  each;  boil  the 
whole  together  twenty  minutes;  pour,  the  liquid 
into  a  basin  to  cool,  and  pass  through  a  sieve 
when  it  is  ready  for  use.  The  figs  and  apples 
may  be   drained  for  eating  with  a  little  boiled 


Cottage  Cheese  . — Boil  two  chickens  till  ten- 
der, take  out  all  the  bones,  and  chop  the  meat 
fine,  season  to  your  taste  with  salt,  pepper  and 
butter,  pour  in  enough  of  the  liquid  they  were 
boiled  in  to  make  it  moist,  put  into  whatever 
mold  you  wish,  and  when  cold  turn  out  and  cut 
into  slices.    It  is  excellent. 


Bean  Soup. — Wash  the  beans  and  boil  them 
with  salt'pork.  When  soft,  take  them  out,  and 
pass  through  the  colander.  Then  put  them 
back  in  the  same  water  they  were  boiled  in, 
with  four  hard  boiled  eggs  cut  in  quarters,  and 
a  lemon  sliced,  and  a  little  pepper  if  you  like  it. 
Boil  again,  and  serve.    This  soup  is  very  nice. 

Recipe  for  Mock  Mince  Pie. — One  cup  of 
raisins,  one  cup  of  currants,  one  cup  of  syrup, 
one  cup  of  sugar,  three-fourths  of  a  cup  of 
vinegar,  one  teaspoonful  of  allspice,  one  teas- 
poonful  of  cinnamon,  three  cups  of  water. 
Boil  all  together  and  when  cool  add  three  soda 
crackers  rolled  fine.  This  will  make  three 
pies. 

Quick  Cake. — Sieve  three  cups  of  flour,  and 
add  two  teaspoons  baking  powder,  a  pinch  of 
salt,  one  cup  of  sugar,  three  eggs  well  beaten, 
half  a  cup  of  butter,  and  sweet  milk  enough  to 
make  a  moderately  stiff  batter.  Bake  twenty 
minutes  in  a  good  oven. 

An  Improved  Method  of  Cooking  Beets. — 
Bake  them;  it  requires  about  two  hours  to  bake 
a  medium  sized  beet.  I  hardly  think  any?per- 
son  will  resort  to  the  old  method  of  boiling 
them  after  eating  one  meal  of  baked  beets. 


U 


Clear    as    Crystal." 


PEBBLES  ARE  HADE  from  Kock  Crystal  cut 
in  slices  and  ground  convex,  concave  or  periscopic,  for 
Spectacles.  In  Europe  and  in  the  Eastern  States  they 
are  superceding  glass. 

Among  the  advantages  they  have  over  glass  are,  that 
being  susceptible  of  the  HIGHEST  POLISH,  they  trans- 
mit more  rays  of  light,  nothing  having  more  transpa- 
rency. 

They  are  COOLER  to  the  Eyes— a  very  important  gain. 

They  are  much  harder  than  glass,  and  DO  NOT 
SCRATCH. 

The  beBt  quality  of  Crystal  is  found  in  Scotland  and 
the  Brazils,  and  is  manufactured  into  lenses  by  the  beat 
workmen  in  England  and  France,  for 

Thomas   Houseworth   &    Co., 

OPTICIANS, 

No.  9  Montgomery  street,  Lick  House, 

Where  they  can  be  obtained,  already  fitted,  in  frames, 
or  may  be  fitted  to  order. 
Persons  sending  their  Spectacles  can  have  Pebbles 
inserted  of  the  same  grade  as  their  glasses. 

Illustrated  Circular  for  style  of  frames  sent  to  any  ad- 
dress free. 
8ty  Pebbles  sold  as  such  by  us,  are  Warranted. 
15v3awbp3m 


H    &    L    AXLE    GREASE. 


The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  years,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Ear  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A    BATE 

As  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBEjRT 
Invite  all  -who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Tears  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the  H  & 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  L 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other, 
3v24-eowr 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.    AddresB 

6-v24-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings.Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
"        insure    good    satisfac- 

EDW.   W.    TIFFT, 
No.  626  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco. 


LEA    &    PEBRINS' 

CELEBRATED 

Worcestershire    Sauce, 

Declared  by  Connois- 
seurs to  be  the  only  good 
Sauce  The  success  of  \ 
this  most  delicious  and  ' 
unrivalled  Condiment 
having  caused  certain 
dealers  to  apply  the 
name  of  "Worcestershire  Sauce"  to  their 
own  inferior  compounds,  the  public  is 
hereby  informed  that  the  only  way  to 
secure  the  genuine  is  to  ask  for  Lea  & 
Perrins'  Sauce,  and  see  that  their 
£f  names  are  upon  the  -wrapper,  labels, 
3   stopper  and  bottle. 

•  Some  of  the  foreign  markets  having 
been  supplied  with  a  spurious  Worcester- 
shire sauce,  upon  the  wrapper  and  labels 
of  which  the  names  of  Lea  and  Perrins  have  been 
forged,  L.  and  P.  give  notice  that  they  have  furnished 
their  correspondents  with  power  of  attorney  to  take  in- 
stant proceedings  against  manufacturers  and  vendors  of 
such,  or  any  other  imitations  by  which  their  right  may 
be  infringed. 

Ask  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  name  on 
wrapper,  label,  bottle  and  stopper. 

Wholesale  and  for  export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worces- 
ter; Crosse  &  Blackwell,  London,  &c,  &c,  and  by 
Grocers  and  Oilmen  universally.  15v23-ly 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  X, 
MICROSCOPES. 

Illustrated   Price   List   sent  free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 

of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  510  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v24-3m 


BUY    BARBER'S  BIT  BRACE. 


April  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


251 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
—  T  A.  T  I  S  T  I  <_■  I  A.  >'. 

Report,  tad  estimates  made  about  all  department*  ot 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.   D., 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  102  Stockton  Btrtct Ban  Francisco,  Cal. 

■/"  Surgical   caws  from   the  country    received  and 
treated  at  the  Homeopathic  Uobpitnl. 
All  letters  answered  promptly. 


oilxb  a.  GHAT. 


J4MK4    M,     Uirk.1. 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORN  BVS  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

Id  Bulldlus  of  Pwlnc  Insurance  Co.  N.  E.  corner  Call* 

fornla-.nO  Leldendorfl  streets, 

SAW  FRANCICO. 

Spectacles    My    Specialty. 


0.  MCIXER,  Optician, 
205  Montgomery  street,  Buss  Block. 


JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429    Montgomery    Street, 

S.  W.  corner  Sacramento. 
Surveying  Instruments  made,   repaired  and  adjusted 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    ©A.WYER, 

No.  *85  Brannan  Street Sax  Fbanoisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St.,  bet.  Finst  aad  Second, 


HYDEAULIO     CHIEF. 


FISHERS 
KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

in 

NOZZLE 


Cheapest  and    Best 

Bydraullo  Machine 

In  use. 

The  odIv  reliable  party  In  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patronB. 

it  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  ORDER, 

to    throw    from 
One 
to  an 
eight-inch 
STREAM, 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE— I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  malting,  buy- 
ing, bcIUuk  or  Turing  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  & 
J  Craig  and  KU'hard  Huskin,  as  the  same  1b  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  Beonxed  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,323,  daUd  Dec.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
in  Buch  InfriuKtuiL-uts  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.     Nevada,  Jan.  13lh.  F,  H.  FISHER. 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Stoel  "Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hammers, 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


21v23-tf 


SaOILAMKNTO. 


II.    BAKTLI.iU. 


BKSBT   KIMBALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

SOS  Cluy  alreet,  (tiouthwest  cor.  tiansomo), 
I6vl2-3m  BAN  FRANCISCO. 


SA.1V    PUANCI8CO 

COEDA& E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  bIzcs.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropei. 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

36  611  and  613  Front  street. 


H.    N.    COOK, 

Leather    Belting    and    Hose, 

HYDRAULIC  HOSE,  SUCTION  HOSE  of  all  sizes,  for 
Mining  Pumps. 
N.  W.  Corner  Battery  and  Broadway, 
3v24-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

-HEAL      ENGRATER. 
AM)  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  6O8  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

E.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 

banking  house, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 
25v20-qy 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
1*7"  Send  for  Circulars.  13v24-3n 


LIGHT, 


CARS, 

STRONG     A.ND     ELEGANT. 


Omnibuses     of     Every     Style. 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  sending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-26t 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOK— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  "Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 

Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    341    KEARNY    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Mkerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 
Pate  n.t  Agr  aff*o  Pianos. 

GRAND,   SQTTASE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let.  fcy^te3< 

A.    HEYTYTAN, 

I  Btreet,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
ma!8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Saobamento. 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STEOUDSBtTRG,    PA., 

Solo  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $25,  $35,  $40,  $65  and  $100.    DIAMOND  TURN 
LNG  TOOLS,  $15  each. 

SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From   40   cents   to   $113   each. 

Every  IEON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

13v24-tf 


MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHISES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  Ratlsoad,  Oah,  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
ffi5~  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

J.   A.   FAY  &   CO., 

14v24-6m  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


Gutta  Percfia  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

118  Front  street,  San  Feancisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  HoBe,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

^Buckets. 

J.  "W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


12vS3-3m 


JXJST    I6SUED. 

New,  Enlarged  and  Improved  Edition  of 
Nystrom's    Mechanics. 

A  Pocket  Book  of 

MECHANICS    AND     ENGINEERING, 

Containing  a  Memorandum  of  Facts,  and  Connection  of 
Practice  and  Theory;  abounding  in  Valuable  Formula 
and  Important  Information  concerning  a  Great  Variety 
of  Technical  Operations.  By  John  W.  Nystrom,  C.  E. 
Eleventh  Edition.  Revised,  and  Greatly  Enlarged  by 
the  addition  of  Original  Matter.  16mo.,  Pocket-book 
form,  gilt  edges.    $3.50. 

FULLY    ILLUSTRATED. 
For  sale  by  Booksellers  generally,  or  will  be  sent  by 
mail,  postage  prepaid,  on  receipt  of  the  price  by 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  &  CO.,  Publishers, 
715  and  717  Market  street,  Philadelphia. 
14v24-3t 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  Mission  street,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Millwright  Work, 
especially  to  the  erection  of  FLOUR  MILLS,  DISTIL- 
LERIES, etc.    Also,  Cogging  Mill  and  Steamship  Wheels. 

Manufacturers  of  Nash's  C'utts  Grain  Separators.  Build- 
ers of  Improved  Hydraulic  Wine  Presses,  Grape  Stem  m  era 
and  Crushers,  etc.  15v2H-6m 


RICHARD  H.   STRETCH,   Civil  Engineer, 

City    and.    County    Surveyor. 

Office— Room  1G,  City  Hall.  Ilv24-3m 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents    International, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  Exhibition  of  1662 
awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold  Medal  at  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San  Francisco. 
REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  au 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BVILDESG.  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  5v24-3amslamrly 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

—  AND- 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugateA 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegB,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Bine,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  gr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  }■-■  lb.,  and  \  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
In  kegs,  hall  kegs,  gr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  \ 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAPETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal.,  by  the  L.  8.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps . 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen. 
ry's  Improved)  and  Fued  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  CarbineB— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets— Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  abovo  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKLNRER,  Sole  Ae-eut, 
5v24-6m-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   311   CALIFORNIA    STUKKT. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

And    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold   Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for  the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and.  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powdeb,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-Sm  JOHN  F.  LOHSE.  Secretary. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 
Miff.t        Wig.2  Fit).  5  $ig.£ 


%    § 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-BuiTS, Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-  6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  T. 


252 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  20,  1872. 


The  Best  Zinc  for  Galvanic  Batteries. 

Mr.  William  Filmer  has  given  us  a  few 
notes  on  this  subject  which  will  be  inter- 
esting to  our  readers : 

The  form  of  battery  used  by  silver 
platers,  electrotypers,  and  in  fact  for  all 
manufacturing  purposes  to  which  the  gal- 
vanic battery  is  applied,  is  that  known  as 
the  "Smee  Battery."  The  three  elements 
of  this  battery  are  dilute  sulphuric  acid, 
platinized  silver  and  zinc  plates.  The  sul- 
phuric acid  of  commerce  is  generally  suffi- 
ciently pure  for  practical  purposes,  but  it  is 
not  so  with  the  zinc,  which  is  always  more 
or  less  impure,  sometimes  so  much  so  as 
to  increase  the  working  expense  many 
times  what  it  should  really  be.  The  im- 
purities consist  of  iron,  lead,  and  other 
metals  which  cannot  be  wholly  separated 
from  it  in  the  process  of  smelting.  Pure 
zino  is  not  acted  upon  by  dilute  sulphuric 
acid,  but  when  foreign  metals  are  present 
with  it  an  action  more  or  less  violent  takes 
place,  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  im- 
purity. This  is  partially  overcome  by 
coating  the  zinc  with  mercury.  As  long 
as  the  mercury  remains  on  the  surface  no 
action  appears,  but  it  is  necessary  to  renew 
the  amalgamated  surface  sometimes  daily, 
causing  a  considerable  increase  of  expense 
as  the  mercury  cannot  wholly  be  recovered, 
it  falling  to  the  bottom  of  the  battery  ves- 
sel, and  forming  an  amalgum  with  the  zino 
and  its  impurities.  The  extra  expenses 
caused  by  using  impure  zinc  are  therefore 
the  extra  amount  of  zinc  consumed,  the 
meroury  used  to  amalgamate  it,  and  the 
sulphuric  acid  with  which  the  surplus 
zinc  has  united.  This  waste  is  no  small 
item  in  practical  use,  amounting  from  two 
to  four  times  what  it  should  be  if  pure 
articles  were  used. 

In  an  experience  of  many  years  I  have 
found  that  this  waste  may  by  reduced  to  a 
minimum  by  using  what  is  known  as  the 
"  New  Jersey  spelta."  It  is  the  purest 
zinc  smelted.  When  immersed  in  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  it  shows  scarcely  a  percep- 
tible action.  I  have  used  it  three-quarters 
of  an  inch  thick,  when  it  was  necessary  to 
amalgamate  it,  but  twice  until  it  was  con- 
sumed. 

In  using  small  batteries,  the  zinc  slabs 
are  generally  melted  down  and  cast  to  the 
required  size.  This  practice  is  bad,  as  in 
smelting  in  an  iron  pot,  and  pouring  with 
iron  moulds  the  zinc  takes  up  more  im- 
purities, particles  of  iron  and  carbon,  etc. 
It  will  be  found  much  better  to  take  the 
original  slab  and  either  saw  it  with  a  cir- 
cular saw,  or  if  that  is  not  handy  to  cut  it 
with,  a  cold  chisel,  to  the  required  size. 


Mining  Accidents. — A  miner  named 
Maher,  at  Oregon  Gulch,  Trinity  County, 
was  hurt  last  week  by  a  falling  plank.  His 
ribs  and  one  arm  were  broken. 

Eobert  Welch  was  struck  in  the  throat 
by  a  piece  of  rock  from  a  blast  in  the  Bel- 
cher mine  last  week.  The  rock  went 
through  his  windpipe,  but  the  wound  is 
not  dangerous. 

The  Pioche  Record  says  that  recently 
while  the  ore  bucket  was  being  lowered  in 
the  Bowery  Shaft,  150  feet  deep,  the  brake 
broke  and  the  momentum  of  the  bucket 
caused  a  general  break-up  of  the  hoisting 
gear.  The  windlass,  bucket,  etc.,  were 
precipitated  to  the  bottom,  but  no  one  was 
injured. 

H.  H.  Murray,  foreman  of  the  Welling- 
ton mine  was  smothered  in  an  avalanche 
which  occurred  at  Little  Cottonwood  on 
the  12th  inst.  His  body  was  recovered. 
A  number  of  other  workmen  were  alBO 
buried  by  the  same  slide,  which  came,  it  is 
said,  from  a  hight  of  2,000  feet,  but  they 
were  all  got  out  safely. 

Discoveries. — A  quicksilver  mine  is  re- 
ported to  have  been  found  in  the  north- 
western part  of  Fresno  County  and  another 
in  Napa  County,  in  the  mountains,  near 
St.  Helena. 

The  Weaverville  Journal  chronicles  the 
discovery  of  an  exceedingly  rich  quartz 
ledge  on  East  Hay  Pork  containing  both 
silver  and  gold. 

An  extensive  deposit  of  crystallized  sul- 
phur is  reported  to  have  been  found  in  the 
Beaver  Mountains,  Utah. 


Bkboqes. — The  Pacifio  Bridge  Company 
of  Oakland  have  procured  ground  on  Ber- 
ry street,  near  Third,  and  are  putting  up 
machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  bridges. 
Hereafter  all  their  timber  will  be  dressed 
to  an  even  size  and  framed  by  machinery 
invented  for  the  purpose.  This  will  ren- 
der these  bridges  considerably  stronger, 
and  in  the  opinion  of  many  engineers  25 
per  cent,  more  durable,  as  timber  by  being 
dressed  has  a  smooth  hard  surface,  which 
is  less  affected  by  moisture  than  when 
rough. 

This  company  furnish  bridges  of  any 
desired  span  ready  to  raise,  with  all  iron 
work  complete,  or  when  desired  they  furn- 
ish the  bridge  and  raise  and  finish  the 
same. 

They  have  already  contracted  for,  or 
completed,  bridges  in  the  counties  of 
Butte,  Sonoma,  San  Mateo,  Alameda, 
Merced,  Marin  and  Santa  Cruz.  They  are 
now  erecting  one  over  the  San  Lorenzo 
Biver  for  the  California  Powder  Co.,  which 
has  a  span  in  the  clear  of  160  feet.  It  is 
built  strong  enough  for  railroad  cars,  and 
will  be  completed  the  present  month. 

They  will  frame  two  bridges,  one  for 
Alameda  county  and  one  for  Marin  county, 
immediately.  When  their  machinery  is 
in  motion  we  shall  examine  it  and  give  a 
more  extended  description.  The  company 
intend  to  remove  their  office  to  the  city  as 
soon  as  their  machinery  arrives.  They 
propose  to  make  a  specialty  of  working  all 
kinds  of  heavy  timber,  and  manufacturing 
heavy  iron  and  wooden  structures.  They 
are  still  in  room  14,  Wilcox  Block,  Oak- 
land, where  they  will  take  pleasure  in 
showing  all  who  call,  models  and  designs 
in  bridge  architecture. 

New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Pioche  Champion  Co. — April  11.  Location: 
Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,600,000.  Trustees 
— George  Keiter,  Thomas  Findley,  Geo.  W. 
Beaver,  J.  D.  Fry  and  S.  Heydenfeldt. 

Home  Ticket  M.  Co. — April  11.  Location: 
Eureka  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,- 
000,000.  Trustees— S.  S.  Tilton,  George  L. 
Bradley,  James  Laidley,  O.  W.  Fox  and  James 
S.  Kennedy. 

Eatleoad  Consolidated  M.  Co. — April  13. 
Location:  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,500,000, 
in  25,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  "W.  Moyle,  W. 
F.  Myers,  S.  S.  Bowckes,  S.  D.  Ingoldsby  and 
S.  "W.  Lee. 

Pkide  of  the  Mountain  M.  Co. — April  13. 
Location:  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,500,000, 
in  35,000  shares.  Trustees— George  D.  Roberts, 
Lafayette  Maynard  and  Archibald  C.  Peachy. 

St.  Laweence  M.  and  M.  Co. — April  13. 
Location:  Placer  County.  Capital  stock,  $1,- 
000,000,  in  10,000  shares.  Trustees— Marion 
J.  McDonald,  0.  H.  Bogart,  Charles  E.  Gibbs. 

Feench  Gold  Hill  M.  Co. — April  15.  Lo- 
cation: Storey  county.  Capital  stock,  $500,- 
000,  in  5,000  shares.  Trustees— B.  F.  Morrow, 
Charles  Forman,  George  Treat,  G.  "W.  Beaver, 
H.  H.  Flagg. 

Pacific  Beidge  Co. — April  13.  Object:  The 
manufacturing  and  building  of  bridges,  and 
wooden  and  iron  structures  in  the  Pacific  States 
and  Territories.  Capital  stock,  $100,000,  in 
1,000  shares.  Trustees — William  H.  Gorrill, 
Charles  H.  Gorrill  and  Charles  F.  Lucas. 

Pacific  Paving  Co. — Object:  To  pave  streets, 
do  street  work,  contract  and  deal  in  all  ma- 
terials for  street  work  and  business  operations 
in  general.  Capital  stock,  $100,000,  in  1,000 
shares.  Trustees — Wm.  Ede,  Chauncy  B.  Wil- 
liams and  Horatio  G.  Livermore. 

Mammoth  Blue  Geavel  Co. — April  17.  Lo- 
cation: Little  York  township,  Nevada  county. 
Capital  stock,  $2,000,000.  Trustees— E.  F. 
Knox,  Abner  Doble,  John  Prince,  James  T. 
Dean  and  A.  D.  Carpenter. 

Baltimore  American  M.  Co. — April  17:  Lo- 
cation: Gold  Hill  M.  District,  Storey  county, 
Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,400,000.  Trustees 
— M.  Morgenthaul,  J.  W.  Ford,  John  B.  Win- 
ter, A.  K.  Grim  and  J.  A.  Coolidge. 

An  Appropriation  of  $50,000  has  been  favora- 
bly reported  on  in  Congress  for  the  purpose  of 
removing  Eincon  Eock,  an  obstruction  in  the 
harbor  of  San  Francisco.  The  same  action 
was  taken  in  reference  to  the  Wilmington 
break-water,  at  San  Pedro,  the  port  for  Los 
Angeles,  the  amount  being  $75,000.  Both  of 
these  appropriations  will  be  of  great  benefit  to. 
the  harbors  mentioned. 


The  Northern  Pacific  R.  B.  "Co.  are 
about  to  build  a  large  car  shop  at  Kalama. 
Grading  on  that  road  is  now  being  prose- 
cuted in  Frost's  Prairie,  two  miles  south 
of  Hodgson's. 


Sales. — The  Brown  Mining  Co's  prop- 
erty in  Colorado,  consisting  of  the  Glas- 
gow, Brown,  Coin  and  Mammoth  lodes 
have  been  sold  to  the  Hon.  J.  B.  Chaffee, 
for  upward  of  $18,000. 

The  Cedar  Mine,  near  Bear  Biver,  be- 
longing to  J.  B.  Nickeson,  sold  for  $15,000. 
The  ledge  is  a  large  and  promising  one. 
So  says  the  Auburn  Herald. 

Cuilom  and  Co's  smelting  works,  at 
Swansea,  Colorado,  have  been  sold  to  an 
English  company. 

The  Gold  Hill  News  understands  that 
the  Dunderberg  mine,  near  Carson,  has 
been  sold  to  English  capitalists  for  $200.- 
000. 

A  Salt  Lake  company  has  purchased  the 
Tecoma  mine,  says  the  Elko  Independent, 
for  $110,000. 

The  Mountain  Lion  Mine,  in  Ophir 
District,  Utah,  is  reported  sold  for  $200,- 
000. 

The  Phoenix  Ditch  Co.  has  sold  out  to  J.  T. 
McLean,  and  a  contract  has  been  let  to  bring  a 
ditch  to  Table  mountain. 

The  Mount  Jefferson  mine  in  Souora,  is  said 
to  have  been  bought  by  capitalists  in  this  city. 

The  Empire,  Schuyler  and  Schnectady  ledges 
in  Wallapi  District,  Arizona,  have  been  sold 
for  $14,000,  and  the  Union  mine  for  $3,000. 

Mining  affairs  in  Trinity  County  are 
looking  up,  and  recent  developments  are 
reported  favorable.  The  county,  always 
considered  a  good  mining  locality,  has 
laoked  capital,  from  its  remoteness,  and 
there  is  a  probability  that  this  essential 
element  will  no  longer  be  wanting  to  re- 
new its  general  activity. 

The  Owen's  ledge,  in  San  Diego  oounty, 
the  ore  from  which  paid  from  $15  to  $17 
per  ton  when  it  was  opened  a  few  years 
since,  and  now  pays  $50  and  $60,  is  doing 
finely  and  the  prospects  are  flattering  for 
an  increase  in  the  richness  and  a  supply 
of  ore. 

[Publishers'  Notice.] 

From  the  Gold  Hill  News. 

The  Daily  News  of  Gold  Hill,  Nevada,  one  of 
the  most  faithful  advocates  of  mining  interest, 
alludes  to  Raymond's  new  book  on  "  Mines, 
Mills  and  Furnaces  "  of  the  Pacific  States*  in 
favorable  terms.    "We  extract  the  following: 

The  present  work  is  in  no  sense  a  repetition 
of  Mr.  Raymond's  former  ones.  It  contains  a 
full  and  comprehensive  account  of  the  gold 
and  silver  mining  industry  of  the  United  States, 
with  practical  recommendations  of  great  im- 
portance to  those  engaged  in  it.  The  chapter 
on  the  treatment  of  auriferous  ores  in  Colorado 
is  the  best  account  of  the  stamp-mill  process 
ever  published  in  this  country;  and  the  general 
discussion  of  smelting  processes  for  silver  ores 
supplies  an  instant  want.  The  series  of  vol- 
umns,  of  which  this  forms  the  third,  which  have 
proceeded  from  the  rapid  but  careful  pen  of 
Commissioner  Raymond,  are  recognized  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe  as  professionally  au- 
thoritative and  popularly  interesting  to  a  re- 
markable degree.  To  be  technically  accurate, 
but  not  technically  abstruse,  is  their  salient 
and  acknowledged  merit. 

*For  sale  wholesale  and  retail  at  publishers  rates,  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  publishers  Soienttfio  Pbess,  San  Fran- 
cisco.   Single  copieB  $3.60. 

Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  St.] 
SAN  Feancisco,  Thursday,  April  18, 1872. 

Sole  Leatheb. — The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply, 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  ffi  lb 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  fe  fi> 26(329 

Country  Leather,  ffl  lb 25<§28 

Stockton  Leather,  ^4  lb 26@29 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,  8  Kil.,  perdoz ...*t>0  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz 76  00®  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.$  doz. 60  00©  76  00 

Lemome,  16  to  18  Kil.,  $  doz  75  00@  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  00@  70  00 

Cornellian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12  to  H  Kil.,  perdoz 60  00®  68  00 

OgerauCalf,  ^  doz 54  00® 

Simon,  18  Kil.,1©  doz  65  00 

Simon.  20  Kil.  fJ  doz 68  00 

Simon.24Kil.fi  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kipa,  31  ft 1  CO®    1  30 

California  Kip,  f>  doz 60  OOtofiO  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  ^  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  &  ft 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  "$  doz. ...    9  00®  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  LiningB,®  doz 5  50®  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ©pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  fi  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ©  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  fi  lb 30®    37}* 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  fi  doz 48  00®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  fi  & 34®    37W 

Welt  Leather,  ©doz 30  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  $  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather.  ©  foot 18®       20 


A  NEW  BOOK  ON  MINING. 
The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration.  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  640  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  coin);  in  leather,  $12.  Forwarded  by  mail,  in 
cloth,  $11.40,  currency;  in  leather,  $13.75.  Issued  and 
for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish 
ers  Scientific  PresB,  S.  F. 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


Daily  Weather  Record, 


Br 

TTTV.    TT 

S.  Army  Signal  Seetioe. 

Endimg  Wedhesjjay,  Apeil  17, 1872. 

SI 

#  h? 

III 

sJhs 
111 

5   . 

State  of 
Weatiier. 

^ 

Tim... 11 

30.39 

44 

67IN.W. 

1 

Light 

Clear 

Fri. ..12 

30.29 

15 

34Calm 

M 

Fair 

s. 

Sat...  13 

311  II 

5.1 

76  W. 

5 

0f> 

Fair 

San..  14 

Mon.,15 

29.1)4 

49 

93  Calm 

,3ft 

Threat,g 

s 

ca 

Tu....ie 

Wed..l7 

30.08 

50  sals.  E. 

4 

Gentle 

y-4 

Cloudy 

Tim... 11 

m 

Fri....l2 

Sat....K 

30.1; 

48 

77  E. 

1 

Light 

Cloudy 

a 

Sun.. .14 

a 

Mon..  IS 

a 

TU....16 

Wed..l7t 

£ 

Thu...i: 

30  3" 

3' 

sirs. 

III 

Fresh      i  4 

.m 

Lt.  Rain 

© 

Fri...l2 

t3 

Sat...l: 

s 

Sun  ..1' 

Mon.. 15 

TU....M 

a, 

Wed.  17 

29.94 

■It 

76|S.  E. 

1 

Light 

Fair 

H 

Thu..ll 

29.  K 

V! 

93|W. 

1 

m 

Fri... .12 

29.6! 

21 

75  Calm 

Cloudy 

s 

Sat... 12 

Snn..H 

"hO 

Mon.. 15 

29.8C 

« 

63  Calm 

Clear 

n 

Tn....l6 

29.71 

?-' 

65Calm 

Cloudy 

> 

Wed..l7 

1 

Thu.,11 

29.96 

29 

591  N.W 

> 

Fresh 

4-f 

Fri. ..12 

30.18 

ill 

79  S. 

h 

Light 
Brisk 

Fair 

1 

Sat... 13 
Sun.. 14 

29.82 

39 

39  S. 

16 

Cloudy 

g 

Mon. .15 

30.1! 

» 

61  N. 

TU....16 

29.85 

:t, 

62N.E. 

6 

U 

Wed. .IT 

29.88 

: 

91IS.W 

4 

Gentle 

.19 

Cloudy 

Tim.. 11 

29.51 

'26 

88IN, 

'If 

Brisk 

•},- 

Fair 

Fri...l2 

30.011 

" 

W- 

4 

H 

Sat... 13 

30.06 

21 

71B.W. 

2 

Light 

Clear 

& 

Sun.. 14 

Mon.  .15 

30.10 

37  64IW. 

; 

Light 

Clear 

TU...J6 

29.91 

2865N.W. 

6 

Clear 

Wed. .17 

29.77 

27|88|W. 

15 

Brisk 

Cloudy 

Tim.. 11 

29.53 

35 

80IN. 

" 

Light 

'1 

Fair 

Fri..  .12 

30.08 

'■■. 

54  Clear 

Sat.. ..13 

30  III 

::, 

76  Calm 

Clear 

a 

Sun.. 14 

Mon..  15 

30.15 

:u 

48  S. 

6 

Gentle 

Clear 

TU....16 

29.97 

3' 

69  S.  E. 

2 

Light 

Fair 

Wed.,17 

29  81 

3, 

82|Calm 

.12 

Fair 

Thu..ll 

29.41 

51 

79IS. 

15 

Brisk 

Fri. ..12 

29. W 

3, 

48N.W. 

VI. 

FreBh 

Jd 

Sat. ..13 

30.32 

36 

90Clcar 

Clear 

3 

Sun. .14 

Mon. .15 

° 

TU....16 

30.29 

36 

70  S.  E. 

e 

Fresh 

Cloudy 

Wed.  17 

29.96 

41 

821S.  E. 

2 

LiKht 

Cloudy 

►-H 

TUU..11 

29.94 

' 

59|E. 

5 

H 

Fair 

■ 

Fri... 12 

29. SS 

39 

59W. 

9 

Fresh 

Clear 

Sat.. .13 

311  29 

42 

48  W. 

•1,1 

Brisk 

Sun. .14 

s 

Mon.. 15 

s 

TU....16 

o 

Wed.,17 

30.10 

39 

72|E. 

Light 

Cloudy 

San  Francisco  Metal  Market 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  &  Co.,  117  and  119  Oal.  street 
PRICES  FOB  INVOICES 

Jobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  (ha 
following  quotations. 

Thubsday,  April  18, 1872 

Ibon.— 

Scotch  and  English  Pig  Iron,  $  ton $55  00 

"White  Pig,  f>  ton 52  00    ^ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^  lb —  05>£@  —  06 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  ^  lb —  OS    @  —  07 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —05    @  —  06 

Ptate.No.  5to9 —08    @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  06«@  —  07 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  28 —07    @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —06 

Horse  Shoes 8  00 

Nail  Rod 11 

Norway  Iron 9 

Rolled  Iron 6 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.        6    @ 

Cofpee.— 

Sheathing,  $4  lb —24    @—  ! 

Sheathing,  Yellow" —  24    " 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —11 

Composition  Nails —  24 

Composition  Bolts —  24 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  ^  box 12  00 

Plates,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs,  ^  lb 

STEEL.— English  Cast,  S  lb —  16 

Drill 16 

FlatBar 17 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  .boards) l'll-_< 

gUlCKSrLVEE.— "§>  lb 
bad.— Pig,  $*B> —  06 

Sheet -08 

Pipe —    9 

Bar 08 

Zino.— Sheets,  a  lb —  10 

Boeax.— Refined —25 

Borax,  crude —    5 


-Htf 


10  50 

—  45 

—  17 
17 


-85 

-0&# 

-  8# 
-10 
-09 
-10M 

-  30 


RICHAUD  H.  BTJEL,  Consulting  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 
Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  I  refer  par- 
ticularly to  Professor  R.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 

10v24-13t    . 

$5  to  $20  per  Dat  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  White  "Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  "Wire  Works,  75  William  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  m. 23vl-12mbp 

Ladies  Desibinq  to  Pbocube  a  Ftbst-Class  Sewing 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  167  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York. 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21  vl-12mbp 

Importaut    to    Miners. 


FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans7     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  address 
WA-TJEIfcJS  &  CO.,  Assaycrs,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
16v24-3m 


stenSs'  Mining  Tools 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBLNE  WATER  WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-Saving  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stock  of  En- 
gineers', MinerB',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 
Mill  Supplies. 

TSEADWELL   &    CO., 
At  the      1      Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Sts., 
Old  Stand,  J  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

12v24-eow 


April  20,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


253 


Milling  and  Other  Companies. 


Owing  la  the  time  ntcetoary  to  mail  the  pre*mt  large  edition  0/  the 
Sdenttfts  Pre**,  we  are  oMigrd  to  goto  preu  cm  Thurtday  «r«n- 
ing—  which  it  the  very  lalett  hour  we  can  receive  adeertuemeiile. 

Francis    Mining    Company— Location    of 

works,  Mariposa  bounty,  California. 

Notice  in  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  I  ho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  bth  day  of  April, 
Xoi'l,  an  MjeMUient  of  one  dollar  p«r  share  wan  levied  upon 
the  capital  » took  of  said  company.  pa>abl«<  immediately,  in 
United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  H.'Cr.-tar>  of  the 
company,  409  California  itTMt,  ftan  FrUOlMO,  (Jul.  Any 
of  act  Upon  which  said  111118111111111111  Hlmll  reinuin  unpaid  on 
theMthdayof  May.  18H,  shu.ll  be  deemed  delinquent,  and 
will  1«-  duly  «d\  11  tist-ii  fur  Hale  at  public  auction,  and  un- 
less payment  «lmll  bo  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  TueadAy, 
the  4th  day  of  Juno,  1873,  to  pay  tbi  delinquent  MMt*mont, 
together  with  costa  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  Bale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Tnuteef* 

T.  r.  I'RONISi:,  Secretary. 

Ultlce,  40!'  California  street,  San  Krone iaoo,  Ca). 


Ingomar  Silver  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Ely  Mining  District,  Lincoln  County, 
.State  of  Nevada. 

Notice  in  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the 'id  day  of  April.  IS721 
an  assessment  of  'io  cent*  per  share  wait  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  -aid  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
U.  ti.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  offlOG  of  the  com- 
pany, Room  11,  Hayward's  Building,  119  California  street, 
Sac  Francisco, ' ,'al.  Any  stock  upon  which  suid  assessment 
shall  remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  the  titli  day  of  May, 
IH'.l,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adver- 
tised for  Bale  at  public  auction^  and  unless  payment  shall 
be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Friday,  the  31st  day  of  May, 
Wl'i.  to  nay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  Mid  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

1  HAS.  S.  NEAL.  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  21,  Hayward's  Building,  No.  419  California 
h-Ui  i' 1  ,  Sho  Francisco,  California. ape- -It 

Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company — Lo- 

cation    of    works.    Maynard     Mining    District,    Mohave 

County,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  fith  day  of  April,  1872, 
an  aascssment  of  Ten  Cents  per  share  was  levied, upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  Compauy,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  oltlce  of  the 
company.  Room  3,  No,  419  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
Caliloruia.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  the  i5th  day  of  May,  1872, 
shall  be  deumed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sate  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  mude 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  W.  CULBURN,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
California.  aplJ 


Marcelina  Silver  Mining  Company. — Lo- 
cation of  Works:  Eureka  District,  Lander  County, 
Nevada. 

Notice — There  aro  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  (No.  2) 
levied  on  the  Eighth  day  of  March,  1872,  the  several 
amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate,    No.  ShareB.        Ain't. 

Cunningham,  P.  P 22  200  $20  00 

Cunningham,  P.  P 23  100  10  00 

Quinlan.P.B 66  60  5  00 

Worland,  C.  R 68  1000  100  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  mode  on  the  Eighth  day  of  March, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  Stock,  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  Room  21  Haywards  Building,  419  Cali- 
fornia Street,  San  Francisco.Cal.,  on  the  7th  day  of  May, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock,  p.  m.  ,  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  Assessment  thereon,  together  with 
coBts  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

CHAS.  £.  ELLIOT,  Secretory. 
Office,  Room  21,   Hayward's  Building,  419  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 

Sany— Location  of  works,  First  CJaroto,  Tuolumne  County, 
aliforoia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  3d  day  of  April, 
A.  d.  1872,  an  assessment  of  Thirty  Cents  per  Bhare  was 
levied  upon  the  oapital  stock  of  said  Company,  payablo  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  as- 
sessment shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  6th  day  of 
May,  a.  D.  1872,  Bhall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be 
duly  advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  pay- 
ment shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the 
22dday  of  May,  a.  d.,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  Bale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees .    J.W.  CLARK,  Sec'y. 

Office,  418  California  St.  San  Francisco.  apl3-4w. 


Nevada    Land    and    Mining    Company- 
Location;  Spruce  Mountain,  Antelope  and  Clifton  Min- 
ing Districts,  Llko  County,  State  of  Nevada. 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  28th  day  of  March, 
1B72,  an  assessment  of  four  cents  per  sharo  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said   company,  payable  immediately, 
In  United   States  gold   coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  Co.  s 
office,  room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  street,  Sun  rranciBco, 
California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Thursday  the  2d  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  be  deemed 
delinquent,  and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Friday  the  24th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
ana  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
WM.  H.  WATSON,  Secretary. 
Office— Room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  at.,  San  Francisco, 
Onlift  rnia. inar30-td 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 
ing Company.— Location  of  Works,  Tayoltita,  San  Di- 
mas  District,  Durango,  Mexico. 
Notice. — There  are  delinquent,  upon  the  following 
described  Stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  levied  on  the 
12th  day  of  May,  18G9,  and  re-levied  on  the  8th  day  of 
March,  1872,  the  several  amountB  set  opposite  the  names 
of  the  roBpective  shareholders  as  follows: 
Names.  No  of  certificate.       No.shareB.       Amount. 

Thomas  Brennan 163  10  $20  00 

Henry  Beck 34  5  10  00 

Henry  Beck 81  5  10  00 

Valentin  GasBner 71  30  CO  00 

L.  Rosenfelder 114  6  12  00 

L.  Rosenfelder 184  10  20  00 

H.  Sohumaker 84  6  10  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  mode  on  the  8th  day  of  March,  1872, 
so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  Stock  as  may  be 
necessary ,  will  be  void  at  public  auction  at  the  Bales- 
room  of  Maurice  Dore&Co.,No.  327  Montgomery  St., 
on  Wednesday  the  eighth  day  of  May,  1872,  at  the  hour 
6t  11  o'clock,  a.  m.,  of  Baid  day,  to  pay  said  delinguent 
assessment)  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale. 

E.  J.  PFEIFFER,  Secretary. 
Office — No.  210  Post  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Ophir  Copper,  Silver  and  Gold  M.  Com- 

pany — Location  of  Works,  Ophir,  Placer  County,  Cal. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  18th  day  of  March. 
1872,  an  assessment  of  twenty  (20)  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secrotary, 
N.  E  Cor.  Sansome  and  Halle  ok  Sts.,  entrance  on  Halleck 
street.  San  Francisco.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assess- 
ment shall  remain  unpaid  on  the  20th  day  of  April,  1872, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised 
for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  17th  day  of  May, 
1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale,  tiy  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  R.  G.  BRUSH.  Secretary. 

Office,  N,  E.  Corner  Sansome  and  Halleck  Streets,  S.  F. 


PACIFIC      BRIDGE      COMPANY, 


WORKS    NEAR    SOUTH    POINT    MILL,    BERRY    STREET,    OAKLAND,    CAL. 

Are  Prepared,  with  Superior  Machinery,  to  Manufacture  and  Build  all  kinds  of  Bridges  on  Smith's,  Howe's,  and  other  Improved 

Plans.     Framing  of  all  kinds  done  by  Machinery. 

Those  Bridges  have  been  thoroughly  tested  in  the  East  for  Threo  Years,  and  whorever  tried  have  proved  superior  to  any  other 
Bridge  in  the  following  points : 

Being  built  of  wood  entirely,  they  are  not  affected  by  change  of  temperature. 

The  timber  used  is  placed  so  directly  in  the  line  of  strain,  that  less  material  is  required  to  support  the  same  load. 

It  is  not  perceptibly  affected  by  shrinkage.    It  is  the  most  Economical  Bridge  built.     It  is  adapted  to  any  practicable  Length  of  Span. 

Plans,  Specifications  and  Terms  will  be  sent  to  any  County,  Township  or  Person  wishing  to  build  a  Bridge,  aud  no  charge  made  unless  the 
Plan  is  used.    For  all  Public  Bridges  the  Plan  will  always  be  open  to  competition. 

Smith's  celebrated  CAST  IKON  PIER,  economical,  and  adapted  to  heavy  currents,  built  at  low  rates. 

C.  H.  GORRILL,  Secrotary.  W.    H.    GOBBILL,    President. 


THE       CALIFORNIA      GIANT 


PELTON'S    SIX-FOLD    POWER-PATENTED    FEBRUARY    6,    1872. 


THIS    REMARKABLE    HORSE    POWER 


Is  more  than  Three-fold  the  strength  of  any  Portable  Horse  Power  in  California,  and  as  its 
name  indicates,  is  emphatically  of  six-fold  strength  in  its  first  and  second  gears.  The  bevel  (or 
third  gear),  which  drives  the  line  shaft,  is  securely  and  substantially  adjusted,  and  is  of  equal 
or  sufficient  strength  to  match  the  first  and  second  six-fold  gears.  The  place  where  the  casing 
is  broken  away  (in  the  engraving)  shows  two  of  the  upper  and  one  of  the  lower  wheels  of  the 
six-fold  gear.  There  is  no  longer  any  necessity  for  Threshers  to  use  a  Power  that  requires  Fif- 
teen Horses  to  work  it! — which  wear  out  and  break  down  often,  when  they  can  be  furnished  one 
that  is  free  from  these  faults — 


Which    will    do    the    Same    Work    with    Ten    Animals ! 


The  trial  which  I  offer  to  all  will  prove  its  title  to  the  merit  I  claim  for  it  in  my  Pamphlets- 
All  wishing  MORE  LIGHT  ON  THE  SUBJECT,  will  please  send  their  name  and  address  for 
Descriptive  Pamphlet  to 


San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mining  Com- 

pany.— Location   of  "Works,  Little   Cottonwood  Mining 

District,  Utah  Territory. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  o  f 
Trustees  of  said  Uompuny,  held  on  the  thirteenth (13th)  day 
of  April,  A.  1 1.,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Twenty-five  (25)  cents 
per Bhare  wab  levied,!. pon  the  assessable  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately  to  the  Secretary  at,  the  office 
of  the  company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment 
shall  remain  unpaid  on  Thursduy,  the  16th  day  of  May.A.  d., 
1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Saturday  the  eighth  (8th)  day 
of  June,  a.  D.,  1872,  at  the  office  of  the  company,  at  the 
hour  of  2  o'clock,  p.  m.,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Socretary. 

Office—No.  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Califor- 
nia. ap20-4w 


Siempre    Viva    Silver    Mining  Co.— Lo- 

cation  of  works,  District  of  Zarngoza,  Sinaloa.  Mexico. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  25th  day  of  March 
1872,  an  assessment  of  35  cents  per  share  was  levied  upun  the 
capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in  U. 
S.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  company, 
No.  314  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Thurs- 
day, the  2d  day  of  May,  1872.  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  20th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.  .By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  314  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Spring   Mountain  Tunnel   Company,    Ely 

Mining  District,  Pioche,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  12th  day  of  Murch. 
1872,  an  assessment  ot  fifteen  cents  per  Bhare  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  company.  Room  37,  Merchants'  Exchange,  Cali- 
fornia street,  city  and  county  of  San  Francisco,  California. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  22d  day  of  April,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  bo  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  13th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
aale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  M.  BUFFINGTON,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  37,  New  Merchant's  Exchange,  California 
atreet,  San  Francisco,  California,  marl6-td 

San  Francisco,  March  16, 1872 


16v24-lam 


SAMUEL  PELTON,    Patentee   and  Manufacturer, 
Box  1732,  San  Franciaco,  Cal. 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company—Location 

of  works,  "White  Pine    Mining  District,  "White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  Tenth  (10th) 
day  of  April  a.  d.  187 1,  an  assessment  of  fifty  (50)  cents 
pBr  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately,  in  United  StateB  gold  coin,  to 
the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  said  company.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Tuesday, 
the  fourteenth  day  of  May,  A.  D.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Thursday,  the  Thirteenth  (13)  day  of  June,  a.  d.  1872,  at 
the  office  of  the  company,  at  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
TruBtees.  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal,  ap-4w 


Spring  Mountain  Tunnel  Company.— Lo- 

cation  of  Works,  Ely  Mining  District,  Pioche,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Bourd  of 
Trustees  of  Baid  company,  held  on  the  11th  day  of  April. 
1B72,  an  assessment  of  fifteen  (15)  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  tho  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  tho  Secretaay, 
at  tho  office  of  the  company,  Room  37,  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  St.,  City  and  County  of  San  Franciaco,  State  of 
California.  Any  stock  upon  which  aaid  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Monday  the  20th  day  of  May,  1B72,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale,  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday  tho  10th  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J.  M.  BUFFINGTON,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  37,  New  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal,  ap20-4w 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min* 

ing  Company.— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  aaid  Company,  held  on  the  20th  day  of 
March,  1B72,  an  assessment  of  Three  ($3.00)  dollars  per 
share  waa  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  Baid  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, No.  634  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any 
stock  upon  which  Baid  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  23d  day  of  April,  1872,  Bhall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Tuesday,  the  14th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  coBts  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 
Office  634  Washington  street,  Room  No.  2,  up  stairs,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.   Office  hours  from  11  a.m.  to  2  p.m.      m 23-41, 


Union  Gold   Mining   Company.— Location 

of  works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  11th  day  of 
April,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  ($1.00)  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  sto_ck  of  said  Com- 
pany, payable  immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  Room  No. 
22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building,  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  1S72,  shall  be  deemed 
delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adve'  tised  for  sale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  payment  Bhall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
TruBteeB.  AJLFRED  K.  DURBROW  Secretary. 

Office — Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building, 
California  street,  San  FranciBco,  California.         apl3-td 


$1,000 


REWARD !     For  any   case   of 
Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 

JV  W  Piles  that  &&  Bing's  1*11© 
Remedy  fails  to  cure.  It  is  pre- 
pared expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing  else.  Sold  by 
all  Druggiats.    Price  $1.00. 

C.  F.  Richards  A  Co.,  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  SanBome 
streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  6v24-ly 


254 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS^ 


[April  20,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

establ:shed  xsesi. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAU  FRANCISCO 

IK1   P.   KANXIH,  A..  P.  BB1TTON, 

O-EO.  W.  FOfifi,  Superintendent. 

KteamEngines  and  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IBON  AND  BBASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  nil  otther  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
srices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

oy  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Hpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  80VERN0R. 

18v20-Sm  aODDARD  &  00. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANUFACTURE  113    OT 

*=*  rJ?  13  A.  3WC    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Flour    and.    Saw   Willis, 

Hayei'  Improved  Steam  Pomp,  Brodle'a  Im- 

proved      Crusher,      Mining     Pompi, 

JL nut  1  eama  t  o r» ,  and  all  kinds 

of  Ma.ch.nery. 

£.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How. 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 
MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission   Street, 
[SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  WorkB  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  TooIb,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
Frirvtingj    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  CamB,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  {or  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MAHUFACTUBEB  AMD  SOLE  AGENT  TOR 

Praoy'a    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

HANU  FACT  ETHERS  Of 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

0anbar*s  Patent  Self-Adlustlns  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  IV  and  O  streets, 

SiflBAKRHTO  OlTF 


PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    OAL. 

Established  for  the  Manniacture  of 

RAILROAD   AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  "Variety-  of  Shafting", 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 
Steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con- 
3J, licet  inn  Sods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 
and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED      IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

»»-  Orders  addressed  to     PACIFIC    ROLLING     MILL 

-3JMPANY   Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  (Jul. .will      ceive 

prompt  attention 

•V  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vl43m 


ROOT'S   PATENT  FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY    BLOWER, 

few 


MANUFACTURED  AT  THE 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First    Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 
Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent, 
power    than    any 
Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
rett &  Co.'s  Erase  Foun- 
dry, San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  B.  R.  Co.'s  Worts,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  thegenuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron( 
Stationary  and. 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho r s e-P ower  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 


For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

*24«  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS, 


STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

steam;  pumps. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GLTFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

STEAM    TRAP. 

Surface   Condensers. 

DAVUTSTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STBEET,  S.  F. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco 

E\  I.  CURRY  Uate  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  'Works),  Proprietor. 

dps 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 

BOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing: 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    RISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION     OF    WORKS : 
Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  "Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD t Secretary. 

24vl7-Qy 


OCCIDENTAL  FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  St.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &^BOI.AND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3T24^Jm 


Miners'   Foundry   and    Machine   Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Fbanoisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &,    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor.    First    and.    amission    St  s., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines, 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  eizo. 

Irrigating-    Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J.BOOTH.  GEO.W.PRESCOTT.  IRVINGM. SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


SAJX    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANTTFACTTTREnS  OF    AT.T,  KINDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  bo 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  k  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jon.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILlT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating-  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
g  Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing requited  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
5v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hingea.Ship  and  Steamboat  BeUsand 
Glongs  of  superior  tone.  All  klndsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
draullc  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
fcions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
W&*  PRICES  MODERATE,  .fit 
J.   H.  WEED*  V.  KINGWELL. 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-lb.  Can  Press  for  $65;   Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15,  etc.  13v24-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  aU  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glasB 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rods  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  I, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANTTFACTUnEBS    OF 


"WOOD-WORKING  [MACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Philadelphia. 

S^~  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

BOILER     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

1    Howard  st,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  Francises. 


April  20,  1872. j 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


255 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  ot  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  1b  thi*  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  Interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  tlie 
bnslneiw  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
»b  before,  under  Um  stylo  of  A.  J.  Severance  k  Co. 

Dated  Ban  Francisco,  Nov.  24,  1871. 

Office,  ai&  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE. 

(_'HAS.  II.   HANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  Gt'S.  BT7BT. 


"WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHEE, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet,  Howard  anil  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAB, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v2t-3m 


CALDWELL'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  tno  CTCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
an.l  115  Bealu  ntnx-t,  San  Francisco. 
jvjt-.uu  WM.  CALDWELL. 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  'will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  ICO  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expenso  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machine*  Stand  Unrivaled. 

WFor  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  he  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  Is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
Into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows; 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  mnller  forcea 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  iB  drawn  down  through 
the  apperturo  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plateB  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  paBfsing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  iB 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Sellers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  bo  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  abBorbcd. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 

NELSON    &  DOBLE, 

AGENTS  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sledfres,    HanmerN,    Stone    Cattem*.    Black 

•■tilths'  nnd  Home-Shoe m'  Tools, 
13  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
tOvHqr 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM    PUMPS. 

WHAT   IS    SAID    BY   THOSE  WHO   USE  THEM. 


SHEET    IRON    PIPE. 

THE 

Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets. 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  A8PHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  tho  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  OAK  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  WheelB  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

0&r  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-Sm  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


SALEM,  Oregon.  January  16th,  1872. 
MEK.^Ci.  BERRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco—  Gentlemen:  Inanswertoyonrqunry  renoMing  the  working  of  the  largeBluke 
Sto*m  Pomp,  our  company  rnrcliaaed  of  you,  wo  would  say  in  all  alncurity  that  tlio  pump  hcu  cr-WM  «ur  rxprrt,iti>,i>. 
It  has  been  in  one  since  the  27 th  of  September,  1871,  and  has  thus  far  given  tho  most  perfect  aatiafactlon.  It  does  itawork 
with  eaao,  does  not  gut  out  of  order,  and  roqoires  hut  little  or  no  attention  to  run  it.  It  is  bimplk,  dckahle,  and  per- 
fect in  its  construction.    We  have  found  it  entirely  satisfactory  and  just  the  pump  in  every  rmpeet  needed  for  our  work. 

Your*,  respectfully.  W.  F.  BOOTHY,  Preset  Salem  Water  Works. 
PH<ENIX  MINE.  Napa  County,  January  lQtli.1872. 
Messkh.  BERRY  it  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gentlemen:  The  No.  8,  Blake  Steam  Pump  wo  bought  of  you  lost  fall  is 
doing  good  Hervice.  We  aro  having  a  large  amount  of  water  to  contend  with  during  this  stormy  weather;  but  the  pump 
throws  it  all  out  of  tho  main  shaft  (160  feet  deep)  with  perfect  caso.  and  is  only  working  from  60  to  80  strokes  a  minute. 
It  Is  a  complete  pump  and  no  mistake.  Wo  are  well  satisfied  with  ita  working,  and  if  you  wish  to  ubu  the  name  of  our 
company,  as  a  reference,  you  are  at  liborty  to  do  so.    Very  rosp'tly.  GEO.  FELLOWS,  Supt.  Phoenix  Quicksilver  M.  Co. 

OFFICE  STARR  MILLS,  VALLEJO,  Cal.,  January  13th,  1872, 
ME8SIIS.  BERRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gentlemen:  We  ore  pleased  to  stato  that  tho  No.  3  Blako  Pump  purchased 
of  you.  has  constantly  supplied  our  three  boilers  for  the  past  year,  with  water  heat  to  above  boiling  point  with  one  of 
Armstrong's  Patent  Ileaters.    It  has  given  us  no  trouble  nor  expense,  and  has  in  f»ct  fully  come  up  to  your  recommenda- 
tions. Yours.  Etc.,  STARR  BROS.  &  CAMPBELL. 

OFFICE  S.  J.  WOOLENICO.,  SAN  JOSE,  January  29th,  1872. 
Messrs.  BERRY  it  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gontlemen :  We  have  used  a  No.  6  Blake  Steam  Pump  now  for  about  two 
years,  both  as  a  Tank  Pump  and  as  a  Fire  Pump  in  case  of  need:  and  It  has  given  excellent  satisfaction.    It  mil*  us  in 
every  respect  Very  respectfully,  R.  F.  PECKHAM,  Pres't  San  Jose  Woolen  Co. 

BELMONT,  Cal.,  February  6th,  1872. 
Messes.  TREADWELL  4  CO.— Gentlemen:    In  reply  to  your  inquiry  concerning  the  large  Blake  Steam  Pump,  pur- 
ohasod  of  Berry  &  Place,  by  Mr.  Ralston,  I  will  say,  that  it  gives  entibe  mtfufaction,  even  working  as  it  now  is,  where  no 
other  Pump  could;  for  it  isatpment  six/etl  utuler  water,  yet  it  does  its  work  pebfectlY. 

Yours,  Etc.,  J.  E.  BUTLER,  Supt.  Water  Works  and  Engineer  at  W.  0.  Raleton's. 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

PATTERNS     -AaJVD     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt'a  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.  W,  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street,  6v23*3m 


Hand  Power 


BLAKE'S  PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

These  Pumps  have  been  tested,  and  found  to  be  indisputably  without  an  equal  wherever  tried.  They  have  been  sold 
in  the  Pacific  States  now  for  nearly  three  yearn,  and  we  ore  willing  every  one  in  use  nmy  be  referred  to;  every  Pump  will 
speak  for  itself.  They  are  constructed  in  the  most  simple  stylo,  and  bailt  in  the  moKt  thorough  manner— especially  cal- 
culated for  simplicity,  durability  and  power.    Some  of  the  advantages  of  the  Blake  Pump  may  be  summed  up  «-  follows: 

Mining  and  Fire  purposes;  in 
BrewerioH,  Tanneries,  Sugar 
Houses,  Factories,  MillB.  Laun- 
dries, und  as  Boiler  Feeders, 
wherevorsteam  is  employed.  In 
fact,  wherever  water  or  other 
liquids  are  desired  to  be  raised 
in  lurgeor  small  quantities,  or 
against  heavy  or  light  pressure, 
it  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
Pump  that  can  ue  used.  It  is 
offered  to  the  public  as  the 
moat  perfect  independent  steam 
Pump  ever  invented.  Forty 
dill^rent  sizes  are  made,  capa- 
ble of  throwing  from  1,000  to 
200,0110  gallons  an  hour,  and 
adapted  to  any  class  of  work 
that  may  be  required.  Every 
pump  will  be  warranted  to  per- 
ioral the  work  required  of  it  by 
the  purchaser,  or  it  may  be  re- 
turned and  the  money  will  be 
cheerfully  reiunded.  The  Blake 
Pump  was  awarded  a  silver 
Medal  at  tho  exhibition  of  the 
team  Pump  on  exhibition.    The 


It  is  positive  under  any  pres- 
sure. Maybe  run  slow  or  last 
as  may  bo  desired.  Will  dis- 
charge more  water  than  any 
others  of  tho  smie  dimensions. 
Has  no  loaky  joints,  the  steum 
part  being  cost  in  one  entire 
piece.  The  steam  valve  is  per- 
l  eotly  balanced,  is  cushioned  at 
each  end.  and  slides  with  the 
greatest  facility  havinn  no  cams, 
nor  complex  rotaiy  iiritinynni'nt* 
to  get  out  of  order.  Will  start  at 
any  nointof  the  stroke,  and  will 
diBcfiartfo  all  the  water  of  con- 
densation. The  Pump  has  no 
crank  or  fly-wheel,  thereby  sav- 
ing a  considerable  item  of  ex- 
pense to  the  purchaser.  Having 
mittfud  points,  itthereforeneodt 
no  watcbing.and  isconBequent- 
ly  ready  to  start  without  using 
a  starting  bar  or  any  handwork 
whutever.  The  Blake  Pump  is 
extensively  used  on  Railroads 
and  Steamboats,  in  Hotels;  for 
Mechanics' Institute, SanFrancisoo,  and  State  Fair  at  S«*> 


„_.ito,  as  being  the  best     -- 

agents  have  recently  imported  sevorol  of  the  large sVsi zed  Mining  Pumps  for  water  works,  and  deep  mines,  and  will  be 
pleased  to  refer  parties  to  them ;  wo  claim  for  it,  that  it  is  tho  most  simple  and  durable,  and  consequently  the  best  Steam 
Pump  ever  built  For  sale  by  TREADWELL  &  CO.,  Machinery  Depot,  old  stand,  corner  of  Market  and  Fremont 
streets,  San  Francisco,  who  will  be  pleased  to  send  circulars  to  any  address,  or  snow  its  advantages  to  parties  calling  on 
them. 


It  has  no  Cams  or  Rotary  Complex  Valves.    It  has  stood  the  test  wherever  tested. 

IT    IS    SIMPLE,     COMPACT,  DUEABLE,    AND    POWEKFUL. 

[^"Manufactured  by  Geo.  F.  Blake  &  Co.,  Boston,  who  build  and  have  on  hand  a  larger  variety 
of  Steam  Pumps  than  any  other  concern  in  the  country,  embracing  forty  different  sizes,  and 
capable  of  throwing  from  1,000  to  200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and  adapted  to  every  description  of 
work  required.    E^Send  for  circular  and  prices. 

The  largest  stock  in  the  country  at  the  Machinery  "Warehouse  of 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Manufacturers'   Agents,   corner  Market  and  Front  Streets,   San  Francisco. 

E^*  Machinery  Depot  for  Miners,  Millmen,  and  Engineers'  Supplies.  Iron  and  Wood  Ma- 
chinery; Portable  Engines;  Mills;  Machinists'  and  Mechanics',  Miners' and  Farmers' Tools 
Sturtevant's  Blowers,  Turbine  Waterwheels,  Etc.,  Etc. 

6v24-eowbp ^^^^^^^ 


Extract     from     Official     Report    of    Mechanics'    Institute    Fair     of     San 

Francisco,      1871. 

*'  In  the  foregoing  trials  it  appears  that  the  moBt  efficient  Pnmp  on  exhibition  is  the  KNOWIiES.  The  work- 
manship on  this  Pump  is  also  very  good.  We  would  therefore  recommend  that  this  Pump  receive  a  Silver  Medal, 
(Diploma  awarded) .    Signed  by  the  Committee  : 


llv3-awbp 


a.  W.  DICKIE, 
CHAS.  K.  STEIQER, 


W.  EPPELSHEIMEK, 


H.  B.  ANGELL, 
MELVILLE  ATWOOD." 


THE       SELDEN       PUMP 

PATENTED 


Combines   Simplicity   and    Durability   to   a   Remarkable  Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope. 


A.    CARR, 
43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  Tork. 

7v23-ly-eow 


THEODORE   KA1LENBEEG, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  ModelB  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Diefl, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.      19v23-3m 


The  Hesse  Grinder   and   Amalgamator 

BEST     IN     USE! 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Seduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
!»■  Send  for  Circular.  13v24.3m 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MEECHANT8, 

AIITAM'ES   HADE 

On  all  kinds  of  Orel,  and  pnrtlcnlar  nttentloi 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  OOOIIS. 
«vl«-3m 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

■1-1   Klontframery  St.  "i>  itntr*. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores, 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mineral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Mot:illurg;i<'a' 

CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mint, 

San  Fhancisco,  Cal.  7v21-3n: 


NEVADA  METALLURGICAL  WORKS- 

19  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

BIOTTE  A  LDCKHAKUT. 

Ores    Crushed,   Sampled    and    Assayed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorination  Ap- 
paratus to  our  establishment,  wo  are  now  prepared  to 
make  working  tests  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur- 
ical  quos  tions  given.  2Gv21-3m 

J.  W.   THUBMAN, 

(Successor  to  S-  "W.  Howland  A  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  OHDEHS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  6HOBTEST  NOTICE.  5v*2-l-(im 


CALIFORNIA   ASS  AT   OFFICE 

No.    519    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 
One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.   A.   MARS,  Assayer. 

tST  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.        10v20 


a.  w.  STEONG. 


W.  L.  STEONG 


G.   W.   STRONG   &   CO., 
Metallurgical    "Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Feancisoo 


T7e  purchase  OreB,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 

PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
26  Bond  street,  Now  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  'ZivlS' 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS    OF    AND    DEALERS    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
513  land  814  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayera, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertltngs,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  BalanceB— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  "Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifl- 
ers,  Eoasting  DisheB,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  CrucibleB. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware—a full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Aeiil  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
caLly  pure. 

Bl  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

ABsay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
By  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOK  &  CO, 


256 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  20,  1872. 


Scientific  Press 


ixmmwm 


PATENT  AGENTS 


Pacific  Rural  Press 

84.00  *  AGRICULTURAL  *AYEAR 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  1860,  this  -weakly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  -with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
■world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ABIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  -which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  Stjmmaey  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  thetT.  S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incorporations,  Shabe  Mar- 
ket, Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  (with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit- 
able at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fibeside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  Bide  of  the  continent. 
Established  in  1860.  Inventors  can  rely*upon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Long  familiarity  with 
Mining,  Farming,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
this  coast,  enables  us  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Inventoes  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Union,  and  oftentimes  save  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  wobtht  inventions  patented  by  us 
will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  moBt  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  SorENxmo  Press  and 
the  Pacific  Ruiial  Peess. 


13  THE  LEADING-  COMMERCIAL  SCHOOL  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  instruction  iB  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academio  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heald's  Col- 
lege Journal. 

AddresB  E.  P.  HEALD, 

President  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 

3v3-eowbp 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 

GIANT    POWDER,  A.   NO.    S    OIA1VX    POWDEK, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

SAOTK.     BLASTING,     COAX-     MINES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    "WHERE    THE    ROOK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

Price.    50  Oexits  per    Found* 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  Is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


From  San  Jose  Patentees. 

San  Jose,  March  16,  1872— Messrs.  Dewbt  k  Co, 
Gentlemen: — Accept  our  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  able 
manner  in  which  you  have  obtained  our  letters  patent 
on  Animal  Trap.  Believing  you  to  be  gentlemen  that 
can  be  relied  upon  as  Patent  Solicitors,  we  remain, 
yours  respectfully,  Coohbe  k  Phelps. 


IMPORTANT    MINING    BOOK. 


Mines,  Mills,  and  Furnaces  of  the  Pacific 

Slates  and  Territories;  An  Account  of  the  Condition, 
Resources,  and  Methods  of  the  Mining  and  Metallur- 
gical Industry  in  those  Regions,  Chiefly  Relating  to 
the  Precious  Metals.    By  Rossiter  W.  Raymond,  Ph. 
D.,  Vice-President  Am.  InBt.  of  Mining  Engineers; 
Editor  "  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal."    Author 
of  "  Mines  of  the  West,"  "American  Mines  and  Min- 
ing," etc.    J.  B.  Ford  &  Co.,  1  vol.  8vo.  468  pp.  Ex- 
Cloth.    Sold  by   Dewey.    k   Co.,   publishers  Scien- 
tific Press,  San  Francisco,  at  publishers'  rates,  $3.60. 
This  volume  will  scarcely  need  to  be  recommended  to 
thoBe  who  are  acquainted  with  the  "Mines  of  the  West," 
"American  Mines  and  Mining,"  and  other  professional 
publications  of  its  author.    The  present  work  is  in  no 
sense  a  repetition  of  Mr.  Raymond's  former  ones.    It 
contains  a  full  and  comprehensive  account  of  the  con- 
dition of  the  gold  and  silver  mining  industry  of  the 
United  States,  with  practical  recommendations  of  great 
importance  to  those  engaged  in  it.    The  chapter  on  the 
treatment  of  auriferous  ores  in  Colorado  is  the  best  ac- 
count of  the  stamp-mill  process  ever  published  in  this 
country;  and  the  general  discussion  of  smelting  processes 
for  silver  ores  supplies  an  instant  want.    The  series  of 
volumes,  of  which  this  forms  the  third,  which  have 
proceeded  from  the  rapid  but  careful  pen  of  Commis- 
sioner Raymond,  are  recognized  .in  this  country  and  in 
Europe  as  professionally  authoritative  and  popularly 
interesting  to  a  remarkable  degree.    To  be  technically 
accurate,  but  not  technically  abstruse,  is  their  salient 
and  acknowledged  merit. 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


By  the  Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office. 


UNlVERSITYCOU-E6E ' 

CORNER  GEARY  AND  STOCKTON  STREETS,  S.  F. 

Young  and  Middle-aged  Men  and  Boys  may  enter  on 
any  week  day,  and  in  addition  to  all  the  advantages  to 
be  enjoyed  at  any  other  Business  College,  have  access  to 
the  General  Lectures  and  Literary  Exercises  of  the  Uni- 
versity. Our  Diploma  is  received  as  conclusive  evi- 
dence of  proficiency  by  the  Bankers,  Merchants  and 
business  men.  Ilv3-tf 


California  File  Hanuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BEAPERASTD  MOWER  SECTION'S,  SABS 

AM)  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 
at  a  saving  of  E0  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to. 9vl9-by 


LIGHTNING  CAN   OPENERS, 

For  Sale,  Wholesale  and  Retail,  by 
WIESTEB  &  CO.,  General  Agents, 
No.  17  New  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 
JK5?»  Samples  sent  by  mail,  post  paid,  for  75  eta. 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUREKA      EOXJ3Vr>R.Y, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 
San  Francisco. 

LIGHT  AND  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  mannfacturad  24vlfiqr 


PLUMBAG0_CRUCIBLES. 

MORGAN'S    CELEBRATED     PLUMBAGO     CRUCI. 
BLES,  all  sizes  (except  26  and  30) ,  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sole  low  to  close  consignment. 
llvaMl,        A.  S.  HALUDIE,  519  Front  street,  S.  F. 


ACTIVE  MEN! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE   IN    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers of  tbe  SCIENTIFIC  PKE3S  and  the  PACIFIC  BU- 
BAL PEESS,  Ho.  838  Montgomery  street,  S.  F.     . 


O.    JP.JR.    R. 

COMMENCING) 

WEDNESDAY,    April    lOtb.,    1872. 

And  until  further  notice,  Trains  and  Boats  will 

LEAVE    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


7. 00  £;  *&    0,vJ°rland  Express  Train  for  Marysville,  Red 
■ v  v  Bluff,  Oolfax,  Reno,  Ogden  and  Omaha. 


3  00  p-  **•„  San  Jo6e  Pasaenger  Train,  stopping  at  all 
w,ww  way  Stations. 


4  00  ?■  M*    PaBBenger  Train  for  Stockton,  Merced  and 


A  30  p-  M-    Overland  Emigrant  Train,  Through  Freight 
*         and  Accommodation. 


7  30  A-  M-  Steamer  New  "World  (from  Broadway  Wharf  J 
■•**v  —Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  Trains  of  California 
Pacific  Railroad. 


A  ftfl  P-  M.*  Sacramento  Steamer  (from  Broadway 
T'ww  Wharf).  Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  trains  of  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad. 

O  QQ  P.  M*  Steamer  Antelope,  from  Broadway  Wharf, 
fc,uw  connecting  at  Donahue  with  Trains  of  S.  F.  and 
North  Pacific  Railroad. 


OAKLAND  BRANCH— Leave  San  Francibco.  7  00 
8  10,9  2u,10  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  10, 1  50,  3  00,  4  W,  5  15,6 30,  8  0(J 
9.20  and  *11  W  p.  m.    (9  20, 11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  H  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  in. 

Leave  Oakland,  *6  40,  6  50,  8  00,  9  10.  10  00,  and  11 10  a. 
m.,  1200,  1  40,  2  50,  3  50.  5  OS,  6  20, 7.50  and  10  20  p.  in. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.— Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00. 
and  11 15  a.  in.,  1  30,  4  00,  5 30,  and  7  Ou  p.  m.  (7  20,  11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  HaVwardb,  "4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  "5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m.,  130, 
4  05  and  530  p.  m.  'Except  Sundays. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,          A.  N.  TOWNE, 
Gen'l  Paaa'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. Gen'ISnpt. 


Hydraulic    Miners,     Attention ! 


If  you  wish  to  keep  up  with  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR.  TheBe  are  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Pa  tout,  and  infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  size  to  suit.  Are  in  use  under 
all  purposes,  from  445  feet  down. 

WILL  DISCHARGE  FULLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  "WATER  than  any  other,  under  the 
same  circumstances. 

An  injunction  from  the  U.  8.  District  Court  is  now  in 
force  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  using 
the  same  will  be  duly  prosecuted. 

I  fully  guarantee  my  customers  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  k  CORT,  Marysville;  J.  H.  NASH.Pla- 
cerville;  F.  SMITH,  at  Locke  k  Montague's  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Sole  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,  under  Allenwood's, 
Masey's,  Rice's,  Craig's,  and  Hoskin's  Patents. 
16v24tf 


rMM    ALL  SIZES 

Prom  ^^vya  " 
3  to  30  ~ 

Horse 


"—■nSS5*lta3B2S 

"  THE  HOADLET"  is  the  Perfection  of  the  Portable 
Engine.  For  sale,  with  or  without  wheels,  at  Ma- 
chinery Depot  of  TREADWELL  &  OO . ,  Market,  head  of 
Front  street,  San  Francisco.  14v24  eowbp 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

$4  00 

300 

5  00 

600 
15  00 

All  the  Year  Round . . 

W.  E.  L00MIS, 
Ne-vvs  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S,  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

SUPPLIES  ALL 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BYTHB 

Year,  Month,  or  Number 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E.,  S" 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSATER  AND  METALLURGIST,       g- 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  <a 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  -H 
lurgiBts'  Companion."  (The  very  Comprehensive  W 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  = 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "  Prospector's  Wee  Pet  3- 
AflBaying  Machine."      Price,  with  toolB,  etc.,  $100.  *-*" 


"W.  T.  G-ABRATT  &  CO. 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Brass,  Zincand  Anti-Priction  or  Babbet  Metal 

CASTINGS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVKRX  AX1J  .AND  MELLS,  GOXfiS, 
FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  "Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  aud  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  "Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

•^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GARRATT,  JAMES  HTLLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 

'  N.  W.  SPATTLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTUBEB  OF 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  moBt  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


FxUled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  ROYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 
San  Francisco. 


HILL'S  PATENT 

EUREKA    GANG    PLOW, 


The  undersigned,  Manufacturers  of  "  HILL'S  PAT- 
ENT EUREKA  GANG  PLOWS,"  take  this  method  of 
calling  the  attention  of  Agriculturists  throughout  the 
Pacific  States  and  Territories  to  the  merits  of  the  above 
named  Plows,  and  offer  the  following  reasons  why  they 
are  entitled  to  preference  over  any  other  Plow  in  use. 
.  They  are  made  of  the  best  material,  and  every  Plow 
warranted. 

They  are  of  light  draught,  easily  adapted  to  any 
depth,  and  are  very  easily  handled. 

They  will  plow  any  kind  of  soil,  and  leave  the  ground 
in  perfect  order. 

FIRST    PREIVlTtTMS ! 

These  Plows  took  the  First  Premium  at  the  State  Fair 
In  Sacramento,  in  1870;  at  the  Northern  District  Fair  in 
Marysville,  1870  and  1871;  and  at  the  Upper  8acramento 
Valley  Fair,  Chico,1870  and  1871.  At  the  Mechanics' 
Fair,  held  ill  San  Francisco  in  1871,  a  Silver  Medal  was 
awarded  theBe  Plows;  and  the  State  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, at  the  last  Fair,  offered  a  premium  of  $40  for  the 
best  Gang  Plow.  The  committee  was  composed  of 
practical  farmers  from  the  agricultural  counties,  who, 
after  a  fair  test  and  thorough  competition  with  the 
leading  plows  of  the  State,  awarded  the  premium  to  the 
Eureka  Gang  Plow.  From  this  it  will  be  seen  that 
these  celebrated  plows  still  maintain  their  reputation 
over  aU  competitors.    Patented  Sept.  7, 1869. 

Champion  Deep-Tilling  Stubble  Plow, 

which  took  the  First  Premium  over  all  competitors  at 
the  State  Fair,  1871.  It  turns  a  furrow  14  inches  deep 
and  24  inches  wide. 

This  Gang  Plow  combines  durability  with  cheapness, 
being  made  entirely  of  iron  by  experienced  workmen,  of 
the  best  material.  Over  three  hundred  are  now  in  ubo, 
and  all  have  given  entire  satisfaction. 

Manufactured  and  for  sale  at  the  corner  of  Third 
street  and  Virgin  Alley,  Marysville,  by 

HILL  &  KNATJGH, 
And  also  by  most  leading  Agricultural  Dealers  in  the 

State.    All  others  are  invited  to  apply  at  once  for 

Circulars,  prices,  etc.  16v23-tf 


Rubber 

and 

Oak  -  Tanned 

Leather 

New  Stock,  just  in;  Pawtucket  manufacture;  stand- 
ard quality— warranted  t/iebest.  Come  and  see  and  get 
prices,  or  give  it  a  trial, 

TREADWELL   &    CO., 
12v2£-eow     Market,  cor.  FremontSt.,  San  Francisco. 


Pobchasebs  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Press 


BY    DEMKY    &>    CO., 
Putenl    Solicitors. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  27,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

Number    XT. 


Improvement  on  Railroads. 

We  present  herewith  the  illustration  of  an 
iinprovent  in  the  construction  of  railroads,  in- 
vented fim]  patented  by  John  L.  Boone,  of  this 
city,  through  thn  Scientific  Pbkks  Patent 
Agency.  The  invention  consists,  first,  in  an 
improved  material  for  manufacturing  railroad 
tits,  and  secondly,  in  an  improvement  in  the 
construction  of  the  tie  itself,  by  which  a  greatly 
improved  road-bed  is  produced. 

Tho  first  part  consists  in  forming  railroad 
tics  of  any  animal  or  vegetable  fibre,  cemented 
together  with  asphnltum,  and  subjected  to  the 
necessary  pressure  in  moulds,  to  form,  as  it 
were,  an  artificial  woodon  block,  of  the  proper 
size  and  shape.  This  block,  it  is  claimed,  will 
be,  to  a  certain  extent,  elastic,  at  least  as  much 
so  as  wood,  while  being  composed  of 
fibre  locked  up  in  asphaltum,  it  will  not 
decay  or  deteriorate  with  age  like  wood. 
It  is  also  claimed  that  spikes  driven  into 
the  block,  will  be  retained  with  muoh 
more  tenacity  than  in  wood;  thus  at 
once  giving  two  invaluable  requisites  for 
a  tie.  The  materials  of  which  the  block 
is  composed  can  be  cheaply  and  readily 
obtained  iu  all  parts  of  the  world,  and 
the  tie  is  easily  manufactured  in  quan- 
tity, which  is  another  indispensable  re- 
quisite for  a  manufacture  so  generally  re- 
quired. 

The  construction  of  the  tie  is  plainly 
shown  in  the  engraving.  Two  short 
blocks  of  the  material,  say  two  feet  long, 
by  ten  inches  square,  are  united  together 
by  an  iron  rod,  the  ends  of  which  lie  in  a 
recess  in  the  block,  so  as  to  pass  beneath 
the  rail.  The  ends  of  these  rods  are 
then  turned  up  so  as  to  hook  over  the 
outside  flange  of  the  rail.  The  blocks 
are  parallel  with  each  other,  so  as  to  form 
a  continuous  foundation  or  bed  for  the 
rail.  In  constructing  the  track,  the  ties 
or  blocks  are  placed  closely  together,  so 
as  to  form  two  side  stringers,  upon  which 
the  rails  are  spiked,  so  as  to  bind  the 
blocks  together  longitudinally,  while  the 
transverse  tie  rods  prevents  them  from 
being  displaced  sideways.  By  placing 
the  blocks  close  together  so  as  to  form  a 
continuous  foundation  for  therail,  the  inventor 
claims  that  he  avoids  the  springing  of  the  rails 
between  the  ordinary  transverse  ties,  as  the 
trains  pass  over  it.  Our  readers  will  recol- 
lect the  up  and  down  motion  of  a  train  of  cars, 
when  moving  upon  an  ordinary  track,  and  how 
it  loses  this  movement  when  it  is  running  over 
a  bridge,  or  other  continuous  foundation.  This 
movement  is  occasioned  by  the  yielding  of  the 
rails  beneath  the  wheels  of  the  cars,  as  they 
pass  from  tie  to  tie,  and  is  necessarily  destruct- 
ive, to  both  the  track,  and  rolling  stock  of  the 
road,  besides  being  unpleasant  to  the  passen- 
gers. By  constructing  the  foundation  in  a  con- 
tinuous line,  this  is  avoided,  and  a  smooth  easy 
movement  given  to  the  train.  In  cold  countries, 
the  rails  are  frequently  broken  by  a  passing 
train,  after  a  cold  or  frosty  spell  of  weather,  and 
much  damage  frequently  occurs  thereby.  This 
is  also  avoided  by  this  construction. 

The  fibre  being  compressed  together  in  a 
heterogeneous  mass,  the  block  will  have  no 
grain  like  .wood,  and  will  not,  therefore,  split; 
rendering  it  capable  of  holding  the  spikes  with 
extraordinary  tenacity,  thus  ensuring  the  per- 
manency of  the  fastenings. 

There  are  already  constructed  in  the  United 
States  over  60,000  miles  of  railroad,  and  its  ex- 
tent is  being  increased  at  the  rate  of  several 
thousand  miles  yearly.    In  every  mile  of  this 


road  the  number  of  ties  required  is  about  2,640, 
making  an  aggregato  of  158,400,000  ties  required 
on  tho  road  already  constructed.  Supposing 
these  ties  to  be  renewed  every  four  years,  it 
will  require  39,600,000  ties  per  year.  Wo  build 
annually  7,000  miles  of  new  road,  requiring 
18,480,000  ties,  which,  added  to  the  annual  re- 
quirement above  mentioned,  gives  58,080,000 
ties  to  be  furnished  every  year;  Now,  if  we 
calculate  the  average  coBt  of  each  tie  at  forty 
cents,  we  have  a  total  of  $23,232,000  as  the 
annual  cost  of  ties,  in  the  United  States  alone. 
Tins  is  no  fancy  picture,  but  actual  facts  based 
upon  correct  calculation.  It  is  certainly  high 
time  that  some  substitute  for  wooden  ties  be 
introduced,  or  we  shall  shortly  find  ourselves 
without  sufficient  timber  to  keep  up  our  long 
lines  of  railroad.     Even  now  in  thickly  settled 


manufacture  of  the  blocks,  its  only  use  being 
for  cohesive  and  preservative  purposes.  The 
blocks  can  be  readily  transported  to  the  place 
where  they  are  required  for  use  without  occu- 
pying unnecessary  space. 

This  invention  has  been  assigned  by  tho  in- 
ventor to  himself  and  Rudolph  Herman,  of  this 
city,  and  application  has  been  made  for  foreign 
patents.  These  parties  intend  to  use  every  ex- 
ertion to  have  their  system  of  tieing  railroads, 
practically  tested  in  this  State,  and  thus  intro- 
duce a  new  enterprise  and  manufacture  upon 
our  coast.    We  wish  them  success. 


San  Francisco    Microscopical    Society. 


BOONE'S     PATENT     RAILROAD 


portions  of  our  country  there  is  beginning  to 
be  a  scarcity  of  timber  suitable  forr  railroad  ties, 
and  the  ties  begin  to  command  a  high  price; 
yet  we  liqve  but  just  began  to  build- railroads.  Be- 
fore many  years  every  town  and  hamlet  in  the 
country  will  have  its  branch  lines ,  and  our  land 
will  be  a  net  work  of  iron  bands.  Now  is  the 
time  to  begin  to  introduce  some  more  proper 
and  inexhaustible  material  for  the  ties,  in  order 
that  we  may  save  our  timber  without  further 
depletion.  It  is  merely  a  question  of  time,  as 
sooner  or  later  our  railroad  engineers  will  have 
to  look  about  them  for  material  with  which  to 
construct  the  foundations  of  their  roads.  Iron 
ties  are  being  introduced  into  India,  and  we 
hear  of  various  experiments  in  that  direction 
elsewhere ;  but  iron,  like  wood,  is  not  inexhaust- 
ible, and  its  high  price  and  want  of  the  proper 
elasticity  is  against  it. 

The  tie  above  described  can  be  manufactured 
very  cheaply,  costing  but  little,  if  any  more, 
than  wood.  The  materials  of  which  it  is  man- 
ufactured are  practically  inexhaustible.  Fibre 
suitable  for  this  purpose  grows  everywhere,  on 
the  prairie,  in  the  swamp,  upon  all  soils  and  in 
all  climates.  It  can  bo  obtained  for  the  simple 
cost  of  collecting  it.  "Asphaltum  is  found  in 
immense  quantities  in ,  the  United  States,  Eu- 
rope and  other  parts  of  the  world.  But  a  small 
proportion  of  asphaltum  will  be  required  in  the 


Sargent's  Mineral  Land  Bill. 

In  our  issue  of  March  2d  we  made  favorable 
reference  to  this  bill,  as  one  well  calculated  to 
enhance  the  interests  of  the  mining  commu- 
nity; but  we  regret  to  see  that  a  substitute  has 
been  introduced  into  the  Senate,  which  entirely 
changes  some  of  the  important  features  of  the 
Honse  bill,  and  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render 
the  bill  decidedly  objectionable.    Thus,  Section 
2  provides  that  a  mining  claim  "located  by  one 
or  more  persons  may  equal,  but  shall  not  ex 
ceed,    1,500  feet  in  length  along  the  vein  or 
lode;  but  no  location  of  a  mining  claim  shall 
be  made  until  the  discovery  of  the  vein  or  lode 
within  the  limits  of  the  claim  located," 
The  San  Francisco  Microscopical  Society  has       The  effect  of  such  an  enactment  would  be  to 
recently  been  re-organized  on  a  permanent  basis    encourage  monopoly  and  discourage  prospect- 
ing.    The  original  mining  act  fixed  200 
feet  as  the  limit  of  a  single  claim.     Sar- 
gent's bill  allowed  200  feet  more  for  dis- 
covery; but  the  Senate  hill  increases  the 
amount  to  1,500  feet  for  a  single  claim, 
which  would  permit  a  very  few  men  to 
acquire  an  entire  lode. 

Then  Section  4  gives  to  all  parties  run- 
ning a  tunnel  ' ( the  right  of  possession  of 
all  veins  or  lodes  within  3,000  feet  from 
the  mouth  of  such  tunnel,  on  the  line  . 
thereof,  not  previously  known  to  exist, 
discovered  in  such  tunnel,  to  the  same 
extent  as  if  discovered  from  the  surface;" 
and  declares  invalid  all  locations  on  the 
same  line  previously  made  by  others  after 
commencement  of  the  tunnel.  This  is 
applying  the  privileges  of  the  Sutro  Tun- 
nel Act — an  exceptional  work  altogether 
—to  every  tunnel  that  may  be  run  in  the 
mines. 

There  are  several  other  obiectional 
features  in  the  Senate  bill,  and  we  fail  to 
find  in  it  any  modification  which  can  be 
considered  an  improvement  on  the  House 
bill.  The  mining  press  should  speak  out 
decidedly  on  this  bill,  and,  if  possible, 
bring  such  influence  to  bear  as  will  at 
least  modify  its  objectionable  features. 

No  important  branch  of  industiy  has 
been  as  studiously  reflected  in  legislation 
as  mining;  but,  when  the  laws  are  to  be 
changed,  such  changes  should  only  be 
made  after  mature  deliberation  and  consultation 
with  practical  men  who  understand  the  techni- 
calities and  necessities  of  mining. 


with  excellent  prospects.  They  are  at  present 
using  one  of  J.  Becks  (London)  binocular  first- 
class  microscopes,  the  property  of  a  mem- 
ber, but  will  shortlysend  for  one  for  thesociety 
with  all  the  necessary  appurtenances.  An  inter- 
terestmg  meeting  was  held  last  week  at  the  so- 
ciety's rooms.  A  number  of  donations  were  re- 
ceived amdng  them  some  slides  from"Walms- 
ley  of  Philapelphia,  comprising  a  speci- 
men of  "Wolffia  Columbiana,  the  smallest  of  true 
flowering  plants ;  seed  of  Japanese  Tree  (Pan- 
toronia  Imperialis) ;  Leaf  of  Mniuni  Cuspida- 
tum;  Arsenious  acid;  the  foot  of  a  tree  toad. 
A  specimen  of  soil  from  Owen's  River  Valley 
was  presented  by  Mr.  Hanks. 

The  society  is  United  to  20  active  members 
but  associate  members  are  also  admitted  who 
come  as  guests.  These  are  also  corresponding 
and  honorary  members.  The  meetings  are 
held  once  in  two  weeks.  The  officers  of  the 
society  are  as  follows:  H.  G-.  Hanks,  President; 
Dr.  A.  B.  Stout,  Vice-President;  Chas.  M. 
Kinne,  Secretary;  Henry  C.  Hyd6,  Correspond 
dng  Secretary;  and  D.  P.  Belknap,  Treasurer. 
We  wish  the  society  all  success  in  the  interest- 
ing  field  •which  is  before  them. 

In  Nevada  county  there  are  1,240  miles 
of  ditch  used  for  mining  purposes,  the 
combined  cost  of  which  was  $3,720,000,  ot 
$3,000  a  mile. 


Lake  Superior  Gold  Discovertes. — 
The  region  of  Lake  Superior  after  getting 
up  an  immense  silver  excitement  now  goes 
in  for  gold.  The  reported  gold  fields  lie 
from  70  to  100  miles  back  from  the  head 
of  Thunder  Bay,  in  a  desolate  rocky  region, 
anything  but  a  favorable  location  to  live  in. 
The  gold  is  associated  with  sulphurets  of 
iron.  Beports  say  that  one  party  of  12 
men  took  out  10%  tons  of  ore  this  winter 
that ( 'assays"  from  $5,000  to  $7,000  per 
ton.  The  Saginaw  En£erp?'i$e,  in  speaking 
of  this  wonderful  region,  also  states  that 
the  latest  discovery  is  an  abundance  of  tin 
ore,  richer  than  the  Cornish  mines,  yield- 
ing from  40  to  60  per  cent,  of  metal.  It 
also  states  that  the  great  Silver  Islet  mine 
is  as  rich  as  ever,  and  another  new  vein 
has  been  found  as  rich  as  the  Silver  Islet. 
"We  prefer  to  take  all  these  statements 
" 'with  a -grain  of  salt,"  for  it  looks  like 
somebody  wanted  to  create  an  excitement 
and  sell  out;  at  least  that  would  be  a  Cal- 
ifornian's  view  of  the  matter. 


258 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  27,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Prom  the  Smoky  City. 

[Written  for  the  PKE8B.] 

Editors  Press: — If  there  is  one  thing 
more  than  another  which  will  bring  con- 
viction to  the  mind  of  a  Californian  that 
the  Pacific  slope  has  the  finest  and  best 
climate  under  the  sun,  so  far,  at  least,  as 
we  Americans  are  concerned,  it  is  for  him 
to  take  a  trip  overland  in  mid-winter.  And 
if  he  does  not  soon  find  evidence  more 
convincing  than  "  proof  from.  Holy 
Writ,"  then  I  am  mistaken.  There  are  a 
class  of  chronic  grumblers  in  California 
who  are  continually  finding  fault  with  this, 
that  and  the  other,  but  I  believe  they 
could  be  easily  cured  by  causing  them  to 
pass  a  winter  away  from  the  Pacific  slope 
in  some  of  the  Eastern  or  Western  States, 
and  methinks  I  would  hear  them  say : 
"California,  with  all  thy  faults  I  love  thee 
still." 

Since  my  arrival,  numerous  persons 
have  made  inquiries  regarding  California, 
her  mines,  productive  soil  and  wonder- 
ful climate-  where  vegetables  can  be 
raised  all  the  year  round— which  last,  I  have 
no  doubt,  is  received  with  many  grains  of 
allowance  by  those  who  have  passed  a 
greater  portion  of  their  lives  in  a  Northern 
clime,  and  who  think  there  are  none  better. 
Pittsburgh. 
Who  has  not  heard  of  the  Smoky  City  with 
her  wonderful  manufactories,  rich  depos- 
its of  bituminous  coal,  or  as  they  are 
termed  here,  Black  Diamonds,  her  glass 
manufactories,  which  furnish  most  of  the 
glass  used  in  the  TJnited.States;  her  roll- 
ing mills,  whose  products  fan  be  found  in 
almost  any  portion  of  this  continent.  Her 
foundries  of  brass  and  iron  are  known  far 
and  near;  for  here  were  made,  during  the 
•Eebellion,  the  famous  Rodman  guns, 
which  performed  such  good  service  in  the 
cause  of  the  Union.  Here,  also,  are  loca- 
cated  some  extensive  plow  factories  which 
supply  the  Western  and  Southern  States  ; 
and  on  many  a  Western  farm,  and  South- 
ern plantation  can  be  seen  specimens  of 
Pittsburgh  manufacture.  In  fact,  there 
is  scarcely  any  article  of  iron  or  glass 
which  has  not  a  representative  factory 
here. 

Pittsburgh,  geographically  considered, 
is  well  located,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Mo- 
nongahela  and  Alleghany  rivers,  and  in 
the  course  of  time  must  attain  to  a  high 
position  as  a  commercial  city,  owing  to 
the  advantages  which  she  posseses  as  a  dis- 
tributing point.  But  the  great  secret  of 
her  prosperity  lies  in  the  enormous  coal 
fields  adjacent  to  the  city  ;  and  some 
authorities  tell  us  that  the  city  overlays  a 
bed  of  coal,  fourteen  feet  thick,  but  which 
will  not  be  worked  for  many  years,  as  the 
coal  beds  in  the  hills  can  be  worked  with 
greater  profit.  Each  new  railroad  which 
is  put  in  operation  brings  to  light  new 
discoveries  of  coal.  The  Pittsburgh,  Vir- 
ginia and  Charleston  Railroad,  which  has 
just  been  graded,  is  reported  to  have 
discovered  magnificent  veins  of  coal 
of  a  better  quality  than  any  now  in  use  in 
this  city. 

Of  late  years,  considerable  attention  has 
been  paid  to  the  cultivation  of  the  grape 
in  this  region,  but  it  does  not  meet  with 
the  success  that  attends  the  business  on 
the  Pacifio  slope;  in  fact,  I  do  not  think 
the  climate  adapted  to  vinicult'ural  pur- 
suits; the  season  is  too  short,  and  as  soon 
as  the  frost  appears  the  grapes  are  with- 
ered. Concord  and  Catawba  varieties 
prove  to  be  the  best  raised  here. 

Black  Diamonds, 
In  Pittsburgh  parlance,  means  coal,  and 
the  trade  in  the  above  mentioned  article 
with  the  towns  and  cities  on  the  Ohio  and 
Mississippi  rivers  contribute  to  the  pros- 
perity of  all  concerned,  from  the  dusky 
digger  in  the  pit  to  the  Black  Diamond 
merchant.  Eaoh  rise  in  the  river  is  hailed 
with  delight,  not  only  by  those  who  are 
engaged  in  the  trade,  but  by  all  the  in- 
habitants of  the  towns  and  cities  on  the 
lower  rivers,  from  Pittsburgh  to  New 
Orleans.  Yesterday  was  a  busy  day  with 
them.  As  I  stood  on  the  bank  of  the 
Monongahela  river  I  counted  twelve  coal 
tugs,  in  sight  with  their  tows,  and  the  daily 
papers  of  this  morning's  issue  inform  us  that 
yesterday   and   this  morning's  shipments 


of  coal  would  amount  to  6,700,000  bushels, 
and  300,000  bushels  of  coke;  for  be  it 
known  to  the  people  of  California  that 
here,  coal  and  ooke  is'  sold  by  the  bushel, 
and  not  by  the  ton,  as  on  the  Pacific 
Coast. 

A  New  Enterprise. 

Last  summer,  an  experiment  was  made 
in  smelting  some  of  the  rich  silver 
ores  of  the  Croasus  mine,  in  Utah,  by 
some  enterprising  gentlemen  of  this  city, 
and  the  result  has  exceeded  their  most  san- 
guine expectations.  So  well  were  they 
pleased  with  the  result  that  it  is  now  their 
intention  to  erect  an  extensive  smelting 
works,  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  the 
rebellious  ores  of  that  region.  If  this  en- 
terprise is  successful,  no  doubt  we  shall 
soon  see  Pittsburgh  become  the  Swansea 
of  the  United  States — as  they  have  every 
facility  here  for  the  prosecution  of  the 
business. 

Consolidation. 

This  city  has  lately  consolidated  with 
the  towns  contiguous,  a  subject  that  has 
been  agitated  and  discussed  for  many 
years.  It  finally  has  been  accomplished, 
and  now  the  Smoky  City  boasts  of  120,000 
inhabitants,  placing  her  the  eleventh  in 
the  rank  of  cities,  according  to  population. 
Prospects. 

At  no  time  in  the  history  of  Pittsburgh 
were  prospects  more  flattering  than  at 
present.  Work  is  plenty,  and  men  are 
daily  called  for  through  the  advertising 
columns  of  the  papers.  The  price  of  iron 
has  advanced,  owing  to  an  advance  in 
Europe. 

The  price  of  soda  has  advanced  from  3 
cents  per  pound  to  7  cents  per  pound,  and 
as  a  consequence,  the  glass  manufactures 
have  determined  to  advance  the  price  of 
glass  ten  per  cent.  Some  of  the  manufac- 
tories are  making  extensive  additions  to 
their  works,  in  order  to  keep  pace  with 
the  orders  which  come  to  hand.  Railroads 
are  being  constructed  to  new  coal  fields, 
to  furnish  the  requisite  fuel,  and  build- 
ings in  course  of  erection  can  be  seen  in 
almost  all  directions.  w.  E.  d. 

Pittsburgh,  April  3,  1872. 


The   Black  Diamond  Goal  Mines. 

The  best  yielding  and  most  extensive 
and  systematically  worked  coal  mines  in 
the  Mount '  Diablo  range  between  the 
mountain  and  the  San  Joaquin ,  says  the 
Bulletin,  are  those  owned  by  the  Black 
Diamond  Company  and  located  at  Norton - 
ville.  A  description  of  these  "mines  as 
they  then  appeared,  was  published  in  the 
Bulletin  about  two  years  ago,  but  many 
important  improvements  have  been  made 
since  and  the  yield  of  the  mines  greatly 
increased. 

The  Different  Veins. 

The  coal  veins  are  found  at  different 
depths  in  a  series  of  high  and  rugged 
sand-stone,  cut  by  deep  and  sharp  ravines 
and  sparsely  timbered  to  the  south  of  the 
mines.  The  upper  vein  at  this  place,  and 
one  of  the  first  worked,  is  the  Clark  vein. 
The  opening  of  the  tunnel  is  at  a  consider- 
able elevation  above  the  town  and  is 
reached  by  a  large  and  steep  incline,  on 
which  the  coal  cars  are  run.  The  tunnel 
extends  almost  on  a  level  into  the  moun- 
tain a  distance  of  4,580  feet  with  outlying 
drifts  or  chambers  from  which  the  coal  is 
obtained.  Work  in  this  mine  is  not  car- 
ried on  as  extensively  now  as  formerly ; 
the  other  veins  taking  the  lead.  Next  be- 
low the  Clark  vein  is  the  Lower  Black 
Diamond,  with  a  gangway  or  tunnel  along 
the  vein,  5,430  feet  in  length.  The  next 
in  order  is  the  Mount  Hope  vein,  with 
gangways  3,810  feet  in  length;  and  the  last 
opened  mine  is  still  below  and  called  the 
Lower  Mount  Hope,  gangways  1,000  feet 
long.  The  Mount  Hope  proper  is  reached 
by  a  steep  incline,  and  about  300  feet  deep, 
arid  from  that  level  another  runs  to  the 
Lower  Mount  Hope,  a  distance  of  about 
400  feet.  The  veins  in  these  mines  average 
in  thickness  from  three  to  four  feet,  and 
furnish  an  excellent  quality  of  coal.  The 
cars  are  moved  on  the  first  incline  by  a 
powerful  engine  on  the  surface  driving 
immense  drums,  on  which  the  steel  wire 
rope  or  cable  is  wound.  A  similar  engine 
and  ponderous  hoisting  drums  are  located 
deep  under  ground  at  the  foot  of  the  first 
incline,  and  furnished  with  steam  through 
well  protected  pipes  from  the  boilers  out- 
ride. Last  winter  the  miners  in  the  Lower 
Mount  Hope  struck  a  large  stream  of 
water  which  filled  the  gangway  and  drove 
them  out.  Two  of  Stoddart's  steam  force 
pumps  in  the  Upper  Mount  Hope  were  set 
at  work,  and  the  mine  was  soon  cleared  of 
water.  Two  more  of  these  pumps  were 
then  placed  in  the  Lower  Mount  Hope, 
and  one  of  them  is  kept  running  day  and 
night ;  the  other  one  being  held  in  reserve. 


The  stream  of  water  continues  to  flow,  but 
the  pumps  send  it  all  to  the  surface.  Two 
large  pumps  are  on  the  ground  to  be 
placed  in  the  Upper  Mount  Hope  for  the 
better  draining  of  the  works  should  the 
flow  of  water  ever  increase. 

Utilizing  Refuse  Coal. 

The  six  large  boilers  at  the  works  were 
at  first  furnished  with  iron  smoke-stacks, 
and  it  was  found  impracticable  to  burn 
screenings  and  slags  from  the  mines  in  the 
furnaces.  A  spacious  and  tall  brick  chim- 
ney was  erected,  and  the  strong  draft 
created  by  it  enables  the  company  to  util- 
ize materials  which  would  otherwise  be 
piled  up  at  a  distance  from  the  works  and 
burned. 

Machine  Shop. 

Another  important  improvement  and  ad- 
dition is  the  machine  shop,  which  has  been 
in  operation  but  a  short  time.  It  contains 
turning-lathes,  drills,  punches,  forges, 
etc.;  and  the  company  not  only  does  its 
own  iron  work  there,  but  furnishes,  re- 
pairs, etc.,  for  other  companies  and  indi- 
viduals in  the  vicinity. 

The  Railroad. 

The  coal  is  discharged  from  bunkers  at 
the  mine  into  iron  box  cars.  When  a  train 
is  loaded,  brakemen  take  their  places,  and 
it  rushes  down  the  steep  grade  to  the 
Black  Diamond  landing  on  the  river; 
about  six  miles  below.  The  locomotives 
are  employed  only  in  hauling  back  the 
trains  of  empty  cars,  and  a  small  passen- 
ger car  which  makes  stated  trips  for 
miners,  ranchmen  and  school  children. 
One  of  the  locomotives  lately  imported 
from  the  East,  is  a.  ponderous  machine, 
and  carries  its  tender  like  a  huge  saddle 
on  its  back.  The  object  of  this  nrrange- 
,  ment  seems  to  be  to  throw  as  much  weight 
as  possible  over  the  locomotive  driving 
wheels,  increasing  their  adhesion  to  the 
rails  when  the  steep  ascent  is  to  be  made. 
During  the  heavy  rains  the  ballasting  on 
portions  of  the  road  became  so  soft  that 
it  would  not  sustain  the  weight  of  this 
monster,  and  the  smaller  locomotives  were 
used  till  a  few  weeks  since,  when  it  was 
brought  out  again  and  is  now  at  work  with 
them.  The  railroad  itself  is  a  model  of 
strength  and  durability.  The  bridges  and 
culverts  are  well  constructed  of  massive 
timbers,  and  trackmen  are  constantly  em- 
ployed to  keep  the  whole  in  repair. 
The  Yield  of  the  Mines. 

The  company  employs  at  present  about 
350  men  in  the  mines,  and  could  increase 
the  number  and  the  yield  of  coal  indefi- 
nitely, but  the  plan  of  working  seems  to 
be  to  extract  no  more  than  is  necessary  for 
the  known  demands  of  the  market.  Last 
month  there  were  taken  out  and  shipped 
10,518  tons  of  coal.  A  steam  tug,  the 
Rabboni,  owned. by  the  company,  is  con- 
stantly employed  towing  barges  between 
this  place  and  the  landing.  Other  vessels 
load  there  at  times,  and  several  of  the 
river  steamers  stop  regularly  for  supplies 
of  coal  for  their  furnaces.  The  company 
contemplate  making  further  improvements 
and  developments,  the  exact  nature  of 
which  is  not  yet  made  known.  The  yield 
of  the  mines  appear  to  be  inexhaustible, 
and  as  the  demand  for  their  product  in- 
creases their  capacity  must  bo  enlarged. 

Borax. — The  Inyo  Independent  has  the 
annexed  on  this  subject:  There  is  in  the 
vicinity  of  Columbus  about  3,000  acres  of 
land  containing  borate  of  lime  and  borate 
of  soda.  The  deposit  varies  in  thickness 
from  one  inch  to  fifteen  inches,  and  the 
crude  material,  as  taken  from  the  marshes, 
yields  about  15  per  cent,  of  boracic  acid. 
A  firm  is  manufacturing  a  superior  quali- 
ty of  borax  from  the  borate  of  soda.  Their 
borax  is  made  by  a  process  differing  en- 
tirely from  that  by  which  the  English 
borax  is  made.  It  contains  an  excess  of 
boracic  acid  and  a  less  per  cent,  of  soda, 
hence  its  superiority  over  the  European 
article.  They  own  their  own  lands  under 
State  laws,  but  when  the  Government  sur- 
veys are  extended  over  them  they  will,  of 
course,  have  to  purchase  of  the  Govern- 
ment. Large  quantities  of  borax  can^  be 
made  from  these  marshes,  as  the  supply 
is  almost  inexhaustible — the  borate  of  soda 
forming  again  within  a  £few  weeks  after 
it  has  once  been  gathered  from  the  surface 
of  the  land.  We  are  indebted  to  Marklfjy 
of  Bishop  Creek,  for  samples  of  the  borax 
which,  so  far  as  we  are  able  to  judge,  is  as 
fine  an  article  as  was  ever   manufactured. 


California  Wheat  Exports. — The  to- 
tal export  of  wheat  and  flour  for  the  Unit- 
ed States,  East  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
reached  an  aggregate  value  of  about  $68, 
000,000  in  1870.  That  value  will  not  be 
much  increased  for  the  coming  year,  while 
California  alone  will  be  able  to  send  away 
about  600,000  tons  at  a  value  somewhat 
exceeding  $20,000,000 


Giant  and  Black  Powder. — It  is  well 
known  that  six  men  have  been  engaged  at 
the  Eureka  mine,  for  the  laBt  month  in 
running  a  cross-cut,  and  that  these  men 
have  been  using  the  Giant  powder  as  a 
blasting  agent.  During  the  month  the 
six  Giant  powder  men  made  40  feet,  the 
rock  through  which  they  ran  being  very 
hard  in  some  places  and  not  soft  in  any 
spot.  In  the  five  months  previous  an 
average  of  21»  feet  per  month  was  made 
with  black  powder  and  double  drills.  The 
men  working  Giant  powder  have  not  been 
sick  a  minute  during  the  26  days  they  have 
been  working  in  the  cross-out.  Three  of 
the  men  who  worked  with  the  Giant  powder 
were  green  hands  at  under  ground  mining. 
We  are  furnished  with  the  following  state- 
ment which  compares  the  cost  of  using  the 
two  kinds  of  powder: 

Statement. 

In  regard  to  the  trial  between  black 
powder  and  double  hand  drill,  and  Giant 
powder  and  Single  hand  drill,  in  the  cross- 
cut of  the  Eureka  mine:  Six  men  with 
single  hand  drill  and  black  powder  in  five 
months  drove  105  feet,  or  21  feet  per 
month.  Six  men  with  single  hand  drills 
and  Giant  powder  drove  40  feet  in  one 
month  at  a  cost  to  the  Eureka  Company, 
as  follows: 

DOUBLE  HAND  MULL. 

Labor  per  month $468  00 

Black  Powder,  "        " 1150 

Candles,  "        "      . 11  70 

$491  20 

SINGLE    HAND    DBILL. 

Labor,  per  month $468  00 

Giant  Powder,    "        "       75  00 

Caps,  "        "       18  75 

Candles,  "        "        11  70 

$573  45 
Cost  per  foot  Giant  Powder  and  single 

hand  drill $14  33 

Cost  per  foot  Black  Powder  and  double 

hand  drill 23  39 

or  a  saving  in  favor  of  single  hand  drill 
and  Giant  powder  of  38%  per  cent.—  Grass 
Valley  Union. 

A  Strong  Nation. 

The  census  of  1860  gavo  the  total  prop 
erty  values  of  the  United  States  at  $16,- 
000,000,000.  The  census  of  1870  makes  a 
return  of  noarly  $32,000,000,000.  Thus 
the  wealth  of  the  nation  had  about  doubled 
itself  in  a  decade  during  which  the  coun- 
try was  convulsed  by  a  great  civil  war,  in- 
volving an  expenditure,  to  both  sides,  of 
not  less  than  $6,000,000,000,  and  a  vast  de- 
struction of  life  and  property.  Seven 
years  after  this  terrible  struggle,  the  total 
of  national,  state,  county  and  municipal 
debts  is  only  $3,271,874,768,  and  the  coun- 
try sustains  a  total  tax  of  $688,520,435. 
These  figures  give  an  impressive  idea  of 
the  financial  strength  and  wonderfully  rap- 
id development  of  the  United  States,  in 
view  of  which,  the  National  debt  seems  a 
light  affair.  The  showing  is  the  more  re- 
markable when  we  reflect  that  this  debt 
has  been  reduced  at  a  rate  that  would  ex- 
tinguish it  in  twenty  years,  while  permit- 
ting yearly  reduction  of  taxation.  All  the 
blunders  of  all  the  politicians  cannot  re- 
press energies  so  boundless,  though  they 
may  prevent  their  fullest  and  healthiest 
action. 


School  Lands. — The  Surveyor  General 
has  forwarded  to  the  different  Boards  of 
Supervisors  of  the  State  a  communication 
calling  attention  to  an  Act  in  relation  to 
school  lands,  approved  April  4,  1870, 
which  provides:  "The  Supervisors  of  the 
several  counties  of  this  State  are  hereby 
required  to  report  to  the  Surveyor  General 
of  the  State,  within  six  months  after  the 
passage  of  this  Act,  all  school  lands  within 
their  respective  counties  heretofore  sold 
under  any  law  of  this  State,  except  those 
sold  under  Act  of  March  20,  1868;  and  all 
lands  thus  returned,  whether  sold  or  un- 
sold, and  not  paid  for,  shall  be  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  said  Act  of  March  28, 
1868,  provided  that  delinquent  purchasers 
of  any  such  lands  shall  have  six  months 
after  the  passage  of  this  Act  to  make  full 
payment  for  the  lands  purchased,  and  fail- 
ing to  do  so  shall  be  proceeded  against  as 
provided  for  in  said  Act  of  March  28, 
1868."     _ 

Agricultural  Values. — The  total  value 
of  the  agricultural  productions  of  Cali- 
fornia comprise  45  per  cent,  of  her  total 
industrial  wheat  products;  the  products 
of  her  mines — gold,  silver,  copper,  quick- 
silver, coal,  etc.,  reaches  only  about  16 
per  cent;  leaving  but  40  per  cent  for  all 
her  other  industrial  products.  The  agri- 
cultural yield  of  California  for  the  year 
1872  will  be  largely  in  excess  of  al  other 
products  oombined. 


April  27,  1872. j 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


259 


ECHANICAL     ^ROGRESS. 


The  Physical  Properties  of  Steel. 

What  ia  steel?  This  is  a  point  which  has 
been  much  discussed,  but  one  upon  which  no 
conclusion  has  been  reached,  chiefly  from  the 
furt  that  the  meaning  of  the  word  has  never 
been  clearly  defined.  \Ve  have  the  series — pig- 
iron,  steel  and  wrought-iron;  but  the  exact  lim- 
its uf  steel  have  never  yot  been  defined.  Tho 
province  of  steel  is  sometimes  enlarged,  some- 
tunes  unreasonably  circumscribed.  In  its 
properties  and  in  its  manufacture  it  is  com- 
prised between  the  limits  of  cast  and  wrougbt- 
lron — but  when  it  begins  or  when  it  ends  has 
never  beeu  defined,  we  condense  the  follow- 
ing from  a  work  recently  published  by  M.  L. 
Gzftnar,  of  the  Paris  School  of  Mines: — 

The  elements  which  enter  into  the  iron  in  its 
conversion  to  steel  are  quite  various,  and  of 
such  slight  proportions,  in  relation  to  the  mass 
of  iron,  that  oven  their  exact  determinations  are 
ilifhYnlt.  Theso  uncertainties  render  it  ex- 
tiinu'ly  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  produce 
tns-o  specimens  of  steel  exactly  alike.  The 
same  difficulties,  indeed  render  it  equally  dirfi- 
eult  to  prescribe  the  exact  limits  of  the  compo- 
sition of  cast  and  wrought-iron. 

'111.  same  foreign  elements  are  found  in  cast- 
iron,  steel  and  wrought-iron — the  difference  be- 
tween the  different  members  of  the  series  is  due 
solely  to  varying  relative  proportions,  and 
chiefly  to  the  single  element  of  carbon.  In 
each  instance  this  element  is  found  partly  in 
merely  mechanical  mixture  and  partly  in  inti- 
mate combination  or  rather  solution. 

The  large  inHnence  which  carbon  exerts  on 
iron  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  when 
iron  is  in  a  certain  condition  it  requires  only  a 
few  tonths  of  one  per  cent,  to  so  modify  it  as  to 
cauRe  the  iron  to  pass  into  that  which  is  un- 
qualifiedly steel.  Indeed  Rivet  appears  to  think 
that  the  two  are  chemically  identical — that 
steel  is  a  mero  change  in  the  molecular  consti- 
tution of  iron. 

There  ore  certain  ores  known  as  "ores  of 
stetd,"  which  naturally  produce  steel  at  a  cer- 
tain stage  of  fining,  but  which  by  still  farther 
lining  pass  into  iron.  Again  this  same  iron 
gives  steel  of  a  superior  quality  or  cementation. 

All  metals,  in  fact,  undergo  remarkable 
changes  through  the  influence  of  exceedingly 
small  proportions  of  various  foreign  substan- 
ce. Copper  is  partly  modified  by  the  merest 
trace  of  oxygen,  sulphur  or  lead,  zinc  and  tin  by 
only  a  few  tenths  of  one  per  cent,  of  iron;  gold, 
according  to  Fremy,  is  rendered  as  brittle  as 
antimony  by  one  one-hundredths  of  one  per 
cent,  of  lead  or  bismuth. 

According  to  Fremy  nitrogen  exercises  an 
important  influence  on  iron — that  steel  is  due 
not  to  the  presence  of  carbon  alone,  but  to  a 
combination  of  iron  with  nitrocarburets.  Care- 
ful analysis,  however,  shows  that  there  is  no 
fixed  relation  between  the  properties  of  nitro- 
gen and  carbon  in  either  steel  or  iron — and 
that  the  proportions  of  nitrogen  are  found  to 
vary,  while  those  of  carbon  are  more  constant. 
Hence  it  has  been  supposed  that  the  presence 
of  the  former  is  more  or  less  accidental  and  un- 
important. 

Analysis  shows  that  crude  wrought-iron  re- 
tains a  part  of  all  the  elements  present  at 
the  reduction  of  the  ore  in  the  blast  furnace, 
and  when  steel  is  obtained  from  iron  by  fining, 
only  those  elements  are  completely  eliminated 
which  are  readily  oxidized,  and  here  only  a 
slight  affinity  for  iron.  Among  those  thus 
retained  in  greater  or  less  proportions  are  car- 
bon, aluminun,  sulphur,  phosphorus,  silicon 
and  copper. 

In  reality,  steel  and  wrought-iron  are  com- 
pounds almost  as  complex  as  the  crude  pig 
which  comes  from  the  furnace — the  proportions 
only  are  less.  The  proportions  of  carbon  in 
that  metal  have  no  absolute  value  as  regards 
its  tempering  power  or  the  facility  with  which 
it  may  be  drawn  out. 

All  the  oarbon  in  white  irons  and  tempered 
steel  is  really  combined  or  held  in  solution, 
while  in  gray  iron  and  steel  not  tempered,  a 
portion  of  the  carbon  remains  deposited  in  the 
form  of  graphite. 

New  Stuffing  foe  Cushions. — A  material 
which  has  come  quite  extensively  into  use  in 
Germany,  as  a  substitute  for  hair  in  the  stuf- 
fing of  saddles,  etc.,  consists  of  a  mixture  of 
flax  seed  and  tallow.  The  advantage  of  this 
substitute  consists  primarily  in  the  fact  that 
the  mobility  of  the  seeds,  one  upon  the  other, 
prevents  the  packing  or  settling  in  any  particu- 
lar place,  as  often  happens  -in  saddles  stuffed 
with  hair,  thus  causing  any  given  pressure  to 
be  readily  and  uniformly  distributed  over  any 
given  surface.  The  tallow  serves  the  purpose, 
too,  of  keeping  the  leather  flexible,  and  of  pre- 
venting the  Absorption  of  perspiration,  protects 
the  article  itself,  and  prevents  the  back  of  the 
animal  from  becoming  galled.  Animals  with  sores 
or  galled  spots  on  the  back  can  be  ridden  with 
saddles  stuffed  with  this  material  without  any 
great  inconvenience.  The  tallow  also  has  the 
effect  of  preventing  the  rotting  of  the  flax  seed, 
and  is  to  be  added  in  sufficient  quantity  to 
give  the  requisite  softness  to  the  entire  mass. 
An  aromatic  odor  can  be  imparted  by  introdu- 
cing oil  of  turpentine  or  camphor  powder,  and 
the  durability  considerably  increased  thereby. 
,One  part  of  tallow  to  from  six  to  ten  parts  of 
flax  seed  may  be  used,  according  to  the  temper- 
ature. 


Band-saws  for  Cutting  Large  Timber. 

The  substitution  of  the  band  saw,  for 
the  old  style  of  reciprocating  gig-saw,  has 
produced  in  many  kinds  of  wood  working 
a  decided  revolution  in  the  greater  speed  with 
which  the  work  may  be  performed.  But  few 
would  suppose  that  the  sume  principle  could  be 
adopted  to  advantage  in  suwiug  large  logs  from 
the  forests.  This,  however,  bos  been  done, 
and  sawing  machines  constructed  on  this  prin- 
ciple, capable  of  sawing  stuff  forty-eight  feet 
in  length,  are  for  sale  by  firms  located  both  iit 
Philadelphia  and  London.  We  do  not  know 
that  theBe  have  yet  been  used  to  an  extent  war- 
ranting the  belief  that  they  will  prove  nioro 
useful  for  ordinary  sawmill  work,  or  for  saw- 
ing timber  which  two  circular  saws,  one  above 
the  other,  are  found  capable  of  cutting  into 
plank;  but  for  various  special  purposes,  like  the 
shaping  of  ship  timber  and  many  others,  this 
adaptation  of  the  band-saw  seems  to  possess 
much  merit,  and  will  doubtless  meet  with  ex- 
tended favor,  and  may  possibly  admit  of 
modifications  ia  its  structure  now  un'thought  of. 

As  concerns  the  proportions  of  the  machine  as 
made  for  heavy  sawing,  we  hud  the  diameter  of 
tho  wheels  over  which  the  saw  passes  sta- 
ted at  six  feet.  These  wheels  are  of  wrought 
iron,  and  are  tightened  against  the  saw  to  a 
tension  of  from  two  and  one-half  to  ten  tons, 
tho  uppermost  wheel  being  vertically  adjustable 
a  distance  of  twenty  inches,  and  having  its 
shaft,  four  inches  in  diameter,  of  steel.  The 
shaft  of  the  lower  wheel  is  of  wrought  iron  and 
is  half  an  inch  greater  in  diameter,  and  the 
journal  boxes  of  both  are  lined  with  hard 
brass.  The  log  carriage  is  commonly  made 
with  especial  reference  to  the  variety  of  work  for 
which  the  machine  is  designed,  and  of  course 
varies  according  to  circumstances.  For  re- 
sawing,  feed  rolN  are  fitted  to  the  apparatus. 
The  production  of  large  machines  of  this  kind 
furnishes  a  good  example  of  what  may  be  done 
in  extending  the  utility  of  an  invention  merely 
by  the  application  of  mechanical  judgment 
without  any  exercise  of  what  can  be  properly 
called  inventive  skill. — Cabinet  Maker. 

Weodght-ikon  Ties. — An  English  scientific 
journal  makes  the  following  interesting  state- 
ments: The  new  railway  sleeper  which  has 
lately  been  brought  forward  in  England,  is 
likely,  it  is  thought,  to  prove  of  special  advan- 
tage in  some  respects,  and  particularly  in 
tropical  countries.  The  constructors  of  the 
various  railways  in  India,  for  example,  experi- 
ence the  greatest  difficulty  in  making  and  main- 
taining the  permanent  way.  The  dry  rot,  and 
those  pests  of  India,  the  white  ant,  are  terribly 
destructive.  Sleepers  sent  from  England  creosot- 
ed  and  "pickled"  are  not  protected  from  the 
influence  of  the  sun  and  vermin,  and  seldom 
or  never  last  more  than  three  years.  It  was 
necessary,  therefore,  to  find  a  substitute  im- 
pervious to  the  attacks  of  insects,  which  might 
be  made  perfect  and  ready  to  be  laid  down 
whenever  and  wherever  required.  The  new 
sleeper  is  made  up  of  a  number  of  webs  and 
plates  of  rolled  iron,  rivited  together,  and 
pierced  with  bolt-holes  for  the  chairs.  This 
is  estimated  to  save  about  two-thirds  of  the 
labor  of  laying,  and  leaves  but  little  work  to 
be  done  by  native  ^or  other  labor.  The  direct 
cost  is  found  to  be  not  more  than  one  shilling 
each  above  that  of  the  best  wooden  sleeper, 
and  they  are  calculated  to  last  ten  times  as 
long  in  tropical  countries,  and  three  times  as 
long  in  Europe.  Many  eminent  engineers  and 
railway  constructors,  who  have  examined  these 
sleepers,  express  great  confidence  in  their  supe- 
rior adaption. 

The  iron  sea  forts  now  in  course  of  construc- 
tion for  the  defence  of  the  prominent  naval 
stations  of  Great  Britain,  will,  with  the  founda- 
tions, cost  five  million  dollars  apiece.  The 
iron  shell  of  one  of  the  forts  for  Spithead, 
near  Portsmouth,  has  been  shipped  by  rail  for 
that  harbor  from  the  works  of  the  "Whitworths, 
in  the  iron  districts.  This  shell  or  skeleton 
weighs  twenty-four  hundred  tons,  and  is  to  be 
fitted  up  with  fifteen  inch  iron  plates  twenty- 
six  feet  in  length.  Each  fort  is  to  be  seven 
hundred  feet  in  circumference  and  two  hun- 
dred and  thirty  feet  high.  They  are  to  be 
armed  with  two  tiers  of. guns,  one  tier  of 
twenty-four  600  pounders,  and  the  other  of 
twenty-five  400  pounders.  The  guns,  it  is 
calculated,  will  pierce  twelve  inch  iron  ships  at 
two  thousand  yards  distance. 

Brown  Tint  fob  Ieon  and  Steel. — Dissolve, 
in  four  parts  of  water,  two  parts  of  crystallized 
chloride  of  iron,  two  parts  of  chloride  of  anti- 
mony and  one  part  of  gallic  acid,  and  apply 
the  solution  with  a  sponge  or  cloth  to  the  arti- 
cle, and  dry  it  in  the  air.  Repeat  this  any  num- 
ber of  times,  according  to  the  depth  of  color 
which  it  is  desired  to  produce.  Wash  with 
water  and  dry,  and  finally  rub  the  articles  over 
with  boiled  linseed  oil.  The  metal  thus  re- 
ceives a  brown  tint  and  resists  moisture.  The 
chloride  of  antimony  should  be  as  little  acid 
as  possible. 

Aktificiai.-  Building  Stone  is  now  made  with 
air  chambers  extending  through  the  entire 
walls,  rendering  them  airy  in  summer  and 
winter,  impervious  to  frost,  and  comparatively 
water  and  fire-proof.  The  coping  .grooves  to- 
gether, forming  one  continuous  solid  stone, 
ever  protecting  the  walls  from  the  destroying 
elements  of  fire  and  water.  The  ' (  Coming 
Stone"  for  foundation  is  stronger  than  many 
natural  stones,  and  for  building  purposes — 
properly  prepared — artificial  building  stone  is 
as  little  liable  to  disintegration  as  natural 
stones. 


Atmospheric  Influences  on  Lunacy. 

The  Chaplain  of  the  Hayward's  Heath  Luna- 
tic Asylum,  Brighton,  Eng.,  appends  to  the  last 
annual  report  of  thut  institution,  a  very  inter- 
esting paper  on  the  "  Effects  of  Meteorological 
Facts  of  insanity."  A  chart  shows  the  rise  and 
full  uf  lunacy  for  tho  last  four  years  in  relation 
to  the  changes  of  the  atmosphere,  the  phases  of 
the  moon,  the  amount  of  ozone  in  the  air,  the 
rainfall,  etc. 

One  of  the  results  of  this  chart  is  fatal  to  the 
"  vulgar  error,"  that  gives  its  very  name  to  lu- 
nacy. "There  is,"  says  Mr.  Crallan,  "very 
little  difference  to  be  discovered  in  patients'  fits 
between  the  average  numbers  for  thuse  days  on 
which  the  moon's  changes -occur,  and  for  the 
days  composing  the  rest  of  the  months,  and 
what  little  difference  there  is  in  favor  of  the 
days  on  which  no  such  change  occurs." 

H  is  very  different  with  the  sun.  "  I  find," 
says  Mr.  Crallan,  "upon  examination  of  212 
accessions  of  fits,  thut,  with  five  exceptions, 
they  havo  been  preceded  or  accompanied  by 
considerable  alteration  in  atmospheric  pressure 
or  solar  radiation,  or  both;  and  here,  I  believe, 
lies  the  clue  for  which  I  have  been  seeking. 
For  it  seems  to  me  tolerably  clear  that  when  a 
great  fall  or  a  great  rise  of  the  barometer,  or  a 
great  rise  or  fall  of  solar  radiation  occurs — i.e., 
a  decided  change  from  bright  to  dull  weather, 
or  the  opposite,  or  when  both  the  atmospheric 
pressure  and  the  solar  radiation  ore  much  dis- 
turbed either  in  the  same  or  contrary  directions 
— an  accession  of  fits  invariably  occurs.  I  am 
led,  therefore,  to  the  inference  that  it  is,  after 
all,  not  the  moon  which  directly  affects  the  epi- 
leptic patients ;  but  the  change  of  weather ;  and 
that  it  is  the  coincidence  which  not  unfrequentr 
ly  occurs,  of  a  change  of  weather  with  a  ciiange 
of  moon,  which  has  led  the  popular  mind  into 
the  notion  of  the -moon  affecting  both  the  weath- 
er and  the  epileptics." 

So,  too,  of  electricity: — "  I  find  that,  without 
one  single  exception,  that  these  instances  of 
augmented  melancholic  relapses  have  occurred 
after  considerable  disturbance  of  atmospheric 
pressure  and  solar  radiation,  either  in  the  same 
or  opposite  directions.  There  is  no  doubt  left 
on  my  mind  of  the  fact  that  such  disturbances 
are  always  accompanied  by,  if  not  due  to,  some 
alteration  in  the  electricity.  I  find  too,  that  on 
ten  of  these  occasions  I  have  records  of  thun- 
der storms  or  heavy  gales,  but  have  no  means 
of  judging  how  far  similar  conditions  might 
have  existed  at  other  times  when  these  unmis- 
takable manifestations  of  disturbance  were  too 
far  off  to  be  heard  or  seen,  but  not  too  distant  to 
affect  the  health  or  to  produce  mental  irritation 
or  depression. 

"I  come,  then,  to  the  conclusion  that,  so  far 
as  my  own  observations  go,  any  marked  change 
of  atmospheric  pressure,  solar  radiation,  or 
both,  either  in  the  same  or  contrary  directions, 
is  almost  certain  to  be  followed  by  increased 
number  of  fits  among  the  epileptics,  or  by  a 
development  of  mania  or  melancholia." 

Piano  Playing. 

It  may  interest  musicians  as  well  as  scientific 
gentlemen,  to  learn  that  Professor  Schmidt,  a 
German,  has  fully  shown  that  pianists  are  men 
in  whom  certain  mental  qualities  are  enorm- 
ously developed,  and  that  their  physical  force 
is  something  astounding.  The  Professor  heard 
Herr  Rnbenstein  play  at  a  concert,  and  took  it 
into  his  head — of  course  after  he  had  gone 
home — to  count  the  notes  which  Herr  Ruben- 
stein  had  played  by  heart.  The  physiologist 
Haering  has  asserted  that  the  profession  of  the 
pianist  taxes  the  memory  more  severely  than 
almost  any  other  calling,  and  Professor 
Schmidt's  counting  of  the  notes  gives  counte- 
nance to  the  assertion :  for  by  it  the  fact  was 
shown  that  in  that  one  performance  Herr  Ru- 
benstein  had  used  62,990  notes.  The  Professor 
then  used  certain  Austrian  coins  as  a  dynome- 
ter  to  test  the  pressure  necessary  to  Btrike  a  key 
on  Herr  Rubenstein's  piano,  and  found  it  to  be 
equivalent  to  two  ounces  and  a  half,  and  so  it 
was  shown  that  the  pianist  in  playing  the  62,- 
990  notes  had  used  a  force  amounting  to  nearly 
94%  cwt. 

The  question  arises,  however,  did  he  not  ex- 
ert a  force  far  greater  than  this  ?  for  no  pian- 
ist— especially  no  German  pianist — uses  merely 
force  enough  to  bring  a  sound  from  the  wires. 
"What  Bulwer  said  of  Beethoven's  "Storm" 
roused  by  the  fell  touch  of  a  German  pianist 
should  be  remembered,  and  would  probably  go 
to  show  that  in  that  one  piece  alone  Herr  Ruben- 
stein  exerted  forceenough  tomovetheearthfrom 
its  orbit,  while  the  ordinary  playerat  concerts  in 
the  Bowery,  should  he  utilize  for  that  purpose 
the  force  he  expends  in  one  evening,  might 
easily  lug  the  world  away  far  ouf  of  the  reach 
of  Professor  Plantamour's  comet,  which  threat- 
ens to  destroy  us  all  on  the  twelfth  day  of  Au- 
gust next. — The  Week, 

Obientation  of  Ffiurr  Trees. — In  Zes 
Mondes  we  are  told  why  some  fruit  trees  in  the 
open  air  are  weak,  contorted,  and  stunted. 
Their  defects  are  due  to  the  neglect  of  the  pre- 
caution of  placing  them,  when  transplanted/as 
they  had  stood  in  the  nursery  ground.  It  is 
the  effort  of  these  trees  to  recover  their  original 
orientation  which  causes  the  contorted  appear- 
ance. 


The  Principle  of  the  Least  Action  in 
Nature. 


Prof.  Huughton,  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
has  recentlydelivered  three  very  remarkable  lec- 
tures which  have  attracted  no  inconsiderable  at- 
tention, and  involve  the  consideration  of  a  very 
important  principle,  not  only  in  mechanics  but 
in  nature  generally. 

Dr.  Haughton  pointed  out  that  the  principle 
of  "least  action"  has  been  long  known  to 
mathematicians  and  physicists,  but  that  it  ap- 
plies not  only  to  material  and  inanimate  ob- 
jects, but  likewise  to  animated  nature,  both  in 
construction  and  action  generally.  The  princi- 
ple of  least  action,  as  it  is  applied  to  mechanics 
and  astronomy,  consists  in  showing  that  a  cer- 
tain integral  v,  ds,  must  be  the  minimum, 
where  v  Is  the  velocity  at  each  point,  and 
ds  the  element  of  its  motion,  and  upon  this 
principle  the  most  accurate  calculations  can  be 
made. 

Not  only  can  astronomical  calculations  be 
made  upon  the  principle  of  least  action,  but  in 
architecture  the  construction  and  very  existence 
of  certain  forms  depends  upon  rigid  adherence 
to  this  law;  the  construction,  for  example,  of  n 
truly  "  self  supporting  elliptical  equilibrate 
dome,"  being  an  excellent  illustration.  Not 
only,  however,  does  this  important  principle 
govern  the  inanimate  world,  but  it  is  clearly 
demonstrable  that  the  muscles  of  animals  arc 
arranged,  weighed,  and  built  up  in  accordance 
with  this  law,  and  that  the  needful  automatic 
actions  of  organized  beings  follow  the  same 
precept. 

Thus  the  bee  is  shown  to  construct  its  cell 
upon  this  principle  of  "least  action,"  Nature 
aiming  at  the  production  of  a  maximum  quan- 
tity of  work,  with  a  minimum  amount  of  mate- 
rial; for,  inasmuch  as  it  "costs  the  bee  the 
trouble  to  make  wax,"  so  the  construction  of  its 
cell,  in  a  mathematical  form  which  gives  the 
largest  possible  room  for  storage  of  food  with 
the  smallest  amount  of  wax,  saves  the  bee 
trouble  in  collecting  daily  food  to  support  mus- 
cular strength,  by  enabling  him  to  build  the 
best  cell  for  the  purpose  with  the  smallest 
quantity  of  wax,  and  consequently  with  the  least 
expenditure  of  force.  Probably  no  more  com- 
plete example  could  have  been  given  of  the  fact 
that  the  bee's  instinct  accords  in  its- action  with 
the  least  expenditure  of  force  in  the  production 
of  the  greatest  beneficial  results. 

Carrying  out  this  principle,  it  is  shown  how 
the  shape  and  attachment  of  various  tendons, 
ligaments,  and  muscles,  the  position  and  struc- 
ture of  different  joints  in  various  animals,  are 
so  arranged  that  the  principle  of  "least  action" 
is  observed  throughout.  It  would  be  impossi- 
ble in  a  brief  notice  to  give  examples  of  this 
adaptation  of  means  to  an  end  in  the  most 
economic  way,  so  far  as  the  conversation  of 
force  is  involved;  but  the  illustration  wherein 
it  is  shown  that  the  arrangements  of  the  spiral 
fibres  in  the  heart  is  such  that  each  fibre  is 
made  to  do  the  maximum  amount  of  work  that 
its  structure  and  arrangement  are  capable  of, 
is  especially  beautiful.  Thus  we  see  that  in 
the  means  employed  by  nature  in  bringing 
about  the  desired  results  there  ia  no  waste  of 
force  or  redundancy  of  material — a  considera- 
tion which  it  is  especially  important  for  the 
mechanist  to  endeavor  to- follow;  and  the  lec- 
tures, above  referred  to,  bearing  entirely  upon 
this  grand  principle  of  least  action  in  nature, 
are  as  well  worthy  of  the  consideration  of 
the  mechanical  engineer  as  they  are  of  the 
physiologist  and  physician. — Mich,  Magazine. 


Moses,  and  Modeen  Science. — J.  Elliot,  form- 
erly Professor  in  Queen's  College,  Liverpool, 
says: — Geologists  are  not  agreed  about  the  num 
ber  of  hundreds  or  even  of  thousands  of  millions 
of  years  which  must  have  elapsed  since  the 
earth's  crust  took  a  definite  and  palpable  form; 
and  the  Biblical  expositors  are  still  less  agreed 
as  to  what  can  be  made  with  their  days.  The  ex- 
position given  by  the  late  Hugh  Miller  was  at 
once  worthy  of  modern  science,  and  of  the  spirit 
of  poetry  which  invests  old  legends.  He  divides 
the  earlier  geological  periods  somewhat  differ- 
ently. He  thinks  he  gets  rid  of  the  awkward 
difficulty  of  the  supposed  creation  of  fight  before 
that  of  the  sun,  and  of  the  -absence  of  the  sun 
and  moon  until  the  fourth  day,  and  that  he  has 
established  a  closer  agreement  between  the  re- 
cord of  Moses  and  the  revelationary  science  than 
has  ever  been  suggested  before ;  while  all  the 
arguments  and  scarcasms  launohed  against  pre- 
vious interpretations  lose  their  force  falling  011 
empty  air.  He  expresses  himself  as  well  aware 
of  the  difficulty  of  the  task  set  before  him;  but 
trusts  that  he  has  at  least  set  up  the  framework 
of  a  sound  structure,  which  the  learning  and  in- 
genuity of  others  may  ultimately  render  more 
perfect  in  its  details.  Mr.  Elliot  has  published 
a  small  volume  in  support  of  the  above. 

Varieties  of  Colors. — New  tints  of  the  vari- 
ous colors  are  constantly  being  discovered,  even 
the  two  thousand  shades  which  have  been  pro- 
duced by  the  dyer's  art  only  indicate  the  effects 
that  may  be  produced  by  a  continual  admixture 
of  one  tint  with  another.  Among  the  forty  or 
more  shades  of  blue,  scarlet,  crimson  and  yel- 
low, there  are  hues  which  were  wholly  unknown 
a  few  years  ago,  and  for  which  it  has  been 
necessary  to  coin  an  arbitrary  name,  as  they 
resemble  nothing  previously  known.  Every 
little  while  the  popular  fancy  demands  a  new 
variation,  and  colors  must  be  mixed  and  blend- 
ed until  something  entirely  novel  is  produced. 
It  may  be  pretty  or  otherwise — that  is  regarded 
as  of  comparatively  little  importance,  provided  it 
is  the  style. 


260 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  27,  1872. 


ilNING  SUMMARY. 


THE  f ollowing  is  mostly  condtnsed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

I  X  L— Alpine  Chronicle,  April  13:  A 
few  days  since  a  small  vein  3  to  4  inches 
"wide,  was  struck,  assaying  $292.62  and 
$1,079.73  per  ton. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Thorn  Mine. — San  Andreas  Citizen, 
April  13:  We  were  shown  specimens  last 
"Wednesday  of  a  singular  nature.  The  ore 
came  from  a  depth  of  250  ft.,  and  partakes 
of  the  nature  of  crystallized  quartz.  This 
rock  is  worked  at  the  rate  of  $40  per  ton, 
and  is  growing  richer,  as  they  advance. 
Thorpe  Co.  has  completed  its  hoisting 
works,  and  have  started  the  mill  which  had 
been  idle  for  the  past  2  mouths.  This  Qo. 
have  a  shaft  75  ft.  in  depth,  and  a  level 
running  south  60  ft.  A  level  has 
also  been  started  to  run  northerly  to 
obtain  rock  to  keep  the  mill  running  night 
and  day. 

Mills  Gravel  Ledge. — The  gravel  has 
to  be  crushed  by  an  arastra  before  it  can 
be  worked,  and  yet  Mr.  Lloyd  took  up  a 
pan  of  it  aud  washed  out  $2.25  The  par- 
ties owning  this  claim  are  erecting  a  5- 
stamp  mill,  which  will  be  used  to  crush 
the  quartz  of  some  of  the  claims  here.  The 
Co.  has  just  realized  66  ozs.  on  a  2-week's 
run. 

Sctfeerd's  Claim. — This  claim  is  down 
about  16  ft.  and  has  struck  a  very  fine  lead. 
"We  were  shown  specimens  which  show 
free  gold,  and  will  pay  over  $40  per  ton. 
Some  of  the  rock  was  prospected — merely 
pounded  up  with  a  hammer — aDd  the  re- 
sult showed  25  cents,  free  gold.  The  piece 
pounded  did  not  weigh  a  pound. 

Hudson. — The  shaft  is  down  116  ft.  and 
is  going  down  till  it  reaches  200  ft.  At 
that  depth  tunnels  will  be  started  and  a 
mill  put  up.  The  rock  has  improved  all 
the  way  down,  and  the  vein  is  9  ft  wide, 
abounding  in  sulphurets  and  free  gold. 

Gwtn. — The  main  shaft  has  been  retim- 
bered,  from  top  to  bottom,  and  the  .water 
completely  subjugated. 

Stjokles. — It  is  the  intention  of  the  Co. 
to  add  10  stamps,  to  their  mill — making  20 
stamps  in  all.  The  ore  taken  from  thislead 
is  working  as  high  as  $15  per  ton,  and  the 
Co.  are  running  20  men  day  and  night. 

Bovee.— This  mine  is  at  or  near  Angels, 
Negotiations  are  in  progress  for  its  pur- 
chase by  a  German  Co.,  who  will  at  once 
ereot  a  new  mill  and  put  a  force  of  miners 
to  work. 

Washington. — Ore  is  taken  from  the 
depth  of  150  ft.,  which  is  working  at  the 
rate  of  $14  per  ton.   ■ 

Angels  Quaetz  Co. — This  Co. ,  known 
as  the  Big  Mine,  are  working  from  the  500- 
ft.  level,  and  taking  out  ore  ;which  pays 
$15  to  the  ton.  The  Co.  are  working  60 
men  night  aUd  day. 

Utica.— This  Co.  are  working  ore  from 
the  depth  of  50  ft.  The  ore  is  worked  by 
an  arastra  and  pays  $40  per  ton. 

West  Point. — Cor.  same:  In  the  Zaca- 
tera  they  are  rushing  out  the  ore.  They 
have  out  already  a  great  many  tons  assay- 
ing $250  per  ton,  the  lead  widening  as  they 
go  down. 

The  Bartolo  Co.  are  getting  out  rock 
and  are  working  day  and  night.  The  ore 
is  very  rich. 

The  Woodland  is  a  perfect  success.  The 
lead  is  about  2  ft.  wide  and  the  ore  is  very 
rich.  A  considerable  quantity  of  rock  is 
waiting  for,  teams  to  haul  it. 

Sluice  Kobeekt. — Calaveras  Chronicle, 
April  20:  On  Friday  night  of  last  week 
the  sluices  in  Moser  &  Co.'s  claim,  Tunnel 
Bidge  were  partially  "cleaned  up."  ' 

Whisky  Slide.— The  mill  on  the  Whis- 
ky Slide  mine-a  10  stamp  battery — is  kept 
running  day  and  night.  Several  hundred 
tons  of  rock  will  be  crushed  before  clean- 
ing up. 

Work  Commenced. —The  Calaveras  Hy- 
draulic Co.  Central  Hill,  have  commenced 
washing.  One  hundred  and  sixty  inches  of 
water  are  used. 

Good  Bock. — FoUr  and  three-fourth 
tons  of  quartz,  from  the  100-ft.  level  in 
the  Lamphear,  Spring  Gulch,  yielded  $12 
per  ton. 

Petticoat.. — We  have  been  shown  some 
very  rich  specimens  of  quartz  from  the 
300-ft.  level,  about  40  ft.  from  the  main 
shaft.  The  quartz  not  only  carries  free 
gold  in  abundance,  but  is  largely  composed 
,  of  sulphurets. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Bloomfield,  —Nevada .  Transcript,  April 
17:  The  North  Bloomfield  G.  M.  Co.  is 
running  about  3,000  inches  of  water,  with 
better  prospects  than  ever  before. 


Haner  &  Broekmyer,  Columbia  Hill,  are 
at  work  and  doing  well. 

The  Yuba  G.'Co.;at  the  head  of  Hum- 
bug creek  have  machinery  on  their  ground 
run  by  a  hurdy-gurdy.  The  Co.  will  soon 
put  on  an  engine,  and  start  up  to  thor- 
oughly prospect  their  ground. 

Items. — At  North  San  Juan,  the  claims 
of  Powers,  Davis,Beach  and  others  are  pay- 
ing well.  Daneke  &  Co.'s  claims,  on  San 
Juan  Hill  are  also  paying  first-rate.  There 
is -a  prospect  that  other  Co.'s  owning 
claims  on  the  same  hill  will  start  work 
soon.  The  American  M.  Co.  at  Sebastopol 
are  realizing  splendid  dividends.  About 
CO  hands  are  employed.  The  claims  of 
Miller,  Furth  &  Co.  on  the  south  end  of 
Manzanita  Hill,  near  Sweetland,  are  idle. 
The  Co.  are  running  a  tunnel,  which  when 
completed  will  enable  them  to  work  every 
foot  of  ground  on  that  end  of  the  hill.  It 
will  be  finished  nest  fall.  The  Buckeye 
claims  below,  Sweetland  are  paying  well. 
A  large  number  of  men  are  employed. 
Under  the  auspices  of  Bell  &  Co.,  French 
Corral,  a  new  diteh  is  projected  to  carry 
water  from  .the  South  Fork  of  the  Yuba  to 
all  points  on  the  ridge  below  Cherokee. 
It  will  be  about  20  miles  in  length,  with  a 
capacity  sufficiently  large  to  carry  from 
2,500  to  3,000  inches  of  water. 

North  Bloomfield  Co. — The  Co.  are 
running  nearly  3,000  inches  of  water  in 
their  ditch,  and  using  about ,  the  same 
amount  at  Bloomfield  and  Columbia  Hill. 

Libeety  Hill.— A.  J.  Doolittle  has  pur- 
chased extensive  claims,  and  is  going  to 
work  immediately  to  fit  them  up  for  exten- 
sive work:  . 

LocATioNS.-The  Bound  Mountain  Quartz 
Co.  have  located  80  ft.  upon  the  Bound 
Mountain  Quartz  Ledge,  Nevada  Town- 
ship, commencing  on  the  West  of  the 
South  Yuba  Quartz  Co. 

Casper  &  Co.  have  located. 300  ft.  on  a 
quartz  ledge,  on  Gold  Flat,  commencing 
at  a  shaft  at  the  northerly  line  of  the 
Wheel  Quartz  Co. 

Isaac  Adair  &  Co.  have  located  300  ft, 
commencing  at  the  southerly  line  of  the 
Wheel  Quartz  Co. 

■  The  South  Yuba  Quartz  Co.  have  located 
1,000  ft  on  the  South  Yuba  Ledge,  Blue 
Tent  List.  Nevada  Township,  with  100  ft. 
on  each  side  of  the  ledge. 

Diggings  Open. — The  claim  of  Gentry 
&  Co.,  Oustomah  Hill,  were,  opened  on 
Tuesday,  and  will  be  ready  for  work  soon. 
Yesterday,  8  or  10  men  were  employed 
siding  up  the  flume  preparatory  to  hoist- 
ing- 

\  Clean  "Op. — Grass  Valley  Union,  April 
16: .  The  gravel  claims  on  Bunker  Hill  are 
turning'  out  well.  On  Saturday,  McCau- 
ley  &  Bobert3  cleaned  up  after  3  weeks 
run,  2.men  working,  $1,200. 

Chisea. — Last  Saturday,  Hans  Boberts 
picked  up  on  his  digging  a  lump  of  gold 
weighing  16  oz. 

PLACER  COUNTY. 

Ophtr  Dist. — Auburn.  Stars  and  Stripes, 
April  18:  The  principal  ledge  is  the 
''  Black  Bepublioan,"  upon  which  a 
large  shaft  is  being  sunk.  ,  This  shaft  is 
down  between  90  and  100  ft.  with  a  well- 
defined  ledge  of  from  14  to  20  inches  in 
thickness.  The  quartz  taken  therefrom 
has  averaged  about  $16  per  ton.  On  an 
extension  of  the  same  ledge  is  the  mine  of 
Bhodes  &  Co.  There  is  a  shaft  down 
nearly  100  ft  and  they  are  still  sinking  on 
a,  widening  ledge.  Their  last  crushing  was 
33  tons  of  ..unassorted  rock,  which  yielded 
about.  $23  per  ton. 

The  Greene  Mine  main  shaft  is  down 
about  235  ft.,  driving  through  quartz  that 
vfill  yield  an  average  Of  $100  per  ton.  At 
the  the  point  of  present  operations  the 
ledge  averages  about  15  inches. 
•■  The  Bellevue  Co's  claims  embrace. 8  dis- 
tinct ledges.  On  the  principal  ledge  a 
shaft  has.  been  sunk  near  the  crest  of  the. 
hill.  This  shaft  has  reached  nearly  140  ft. , 
through  fine  milling "  rook,  frequently 
showing  free  gold  to  the  naked  eye.  Crush- 
ings  have  been  made  to  the  extent  of  400 
tons,  yielding  an  average  of  over  $30  per 
ton.  On  the  same  ledge  a  "tunnel  is  being 
run  from  the  westward,  at  the  level  of 
Doty's  ravine.  This  tunnel,  at  1,550  ft. 
from  its  mouth,  .will  tap  the  shaft  at  a 
dppth  of,  about  179  ft  -and  will  drain  off  all 
the  surface  water  of  the  hill.  The  tunnel 
has  followed  the  ledge  for  about  200  ft., 
large  portions  ^of  the  quartz  showing  a 
dazzling  richness  in  silver  and  gold. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

.  East  Branch. — Quincy  National,  April 
13:  The  Taylor  Hill  Co.,  Taylor  Hill,  will 
soon  get  to  work.  They  have  got  their 
claims  in  splendid  condition  for  a  season's 
run..  The  Pea  Soup  Co.  have  purchased 
the  old  Mill  Creek  flume  for  $400,  and  are 
putting  it  in  good  repair.  The  Bunker 
Hill  Co.,  Oak  Flat  are  Working  a  strip  of 
front  ground  which  was  left  behind  some 


years  since.  John  McCorkle,  in  Oak  Flat 
xavine  is  running  his  hydraulic,  with 
'splendid  prospects.  Operations  will  prob- 
ably be  resumed  on  the  Indian  Hill  claims 
this  season.  Marner  &  Moore  are  about 
to  open  the  ledge  on  French  ravine  where 
the  very  rich  pocket  was  found  some  years 
since — some  $1,800  having  been  taken  out 
of  a  very  small  quantity  of  rock.  McDou- 
gal  &  Co.  are  at  work  in  French  ravine, 
with  fine  prospects. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — San  Diego  Bulletin,  April  10: 
W.,  F.  &  Co.  shipped  yesterday  $5,876 
in  bullion,  all  from  the  Julian  mines. 

The  Mines. — San  Diego  Union,  April  11: 
A  clean  up  of  ore  from  the  Owens'  ledge 
shows  that  the  grade  has  advanced  from 
$17  to  $50  per  ton.  Eighty  tons  were 
Crushed  which  yielded  $4,000  and  the  mill 
has  commenced  running  upon  another  lot, 
which  it  is  expected  will  yield  $75  per  ton. 
This  ore  is  from  the  depth  of  225  ft.,  where 
the  ledge  is  5  ft.  wide  and  easy  to  work. 

The  Antelope  has  just  cleaned  up  a  small 
lot  from  the  Madden  mine  which  yielded 
$117-per  ton. 

Stonewall  Co. — The  Co.  has  purchased 
the  40  horse  power  engine   owned  by  Alli- 
son &  Co.    Five  more  stamps  will  be  pur- 
chased, to  be  run  by  this  engine. 
SIERRA  COUNTY- 

BuTtes  Mines. — Downieville  Messenger, 
April  13:  The  3  mills  are  in  splendid  work- 
ing condition.  About  165  men  are  em- 
ployed.     The  daily  running  expense  is 


High  Commission  Ledge. — The  result  of 
crushing  40  tons  of  ore  to  April  4th,  is  as 
follows:  Working  mill  process,  plates, 
$600;  battery  tailings,  $200;  specimens, 
$300;  5  tons  of  mill  tailings  show  free 
gold. 

Mining! — Yreka  Journal,  April  17:  Sev- 
eral Portuguese  Co.'s  have  been  doing  a 
flourishing  business  ground  sluicing  this 
winter  on  Long  and  Canal  Gulches,  above 
the  big  ditch.  They  will  now  commence 
washing  up  the  rich  pay  dirt,  which  yields 
largely.  . 

The  Chinese  Co.,  that  bought  the  old 
Jack  Davis  claim,  supposed  to  be  poor 
pay,  took  out  3%  lbs.  of  gold  in  a  single 
week  lately,  and  are  still  realizing  big 
pay. 

Soott  Valley.— Cor.  same:  The  Bay 
City  Co.  on  Indian  creek,  are  picking 
up  nuggets  from  1  to  7  ozs.  in  size. 

Daniel  Starr  is  piping  -on  French 
Gulch  with  flattering  prospects,  and  Mi- 
chael Beglan  is  piping  agains  this  heavy 
bank  at  a  rapid  rate. 

Miller  &  Baker,  with  their  3-ft.  flume 
and  2  pipes,  are  making  the  precious  metal 
appear  in  abundance. 

Major  Duncan  picked  up  a  2  pound 
lump  in  New  York  Gulch  while  ground 
sluicing  a  few  days  ago. 

Hinckley  &  Owens  have  purchased  the 
boiler  and  engine  of  the  old  Siskiyou 
quartz  mill,  and  are  removing  it  to  the 
lower  end  of  Indian  Creek,  to,  prospect 
their  deep  claim. 

TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

Holden's  Garden.— Sonora  Independent 
April  13:  The  old  mining  spot,  at  the 
head  of  town,  is  again  to  be  tried.  A  Co. 
of  9  having  located  ground.  J.  T  McLean 
has  purchased  the  Bough  and  Beady 
gravel  claim,  in  Table  Mountain  for 
$2,000.  ■ 

P.  H.  Cosgrove  &  Co.  found  2  fine  nug- 
gets in  their  claim,  in  Main  Gulch,  last 
week — one  4  and  the;  other  .1  oz.  in  weight. 
Hugh  Gaffeny  found  apiece  which  weighed 
7;ozs. 

Mines  East  of  Sonora. — Lewis  &  Bros. 
have  been  rewarded  in  their  last  clean  up; 
the  quartz  prospected  at  a  rate  of  $90  per 
ton,  with  plenty  more  in  sight. 

Bioh  Chisea. — A  miner,  while  at  work, 
last  week,  on  his  claim  in  Blue  Gulch, 
near  Algerine,  found  a  chispa  weighing 
3%  ozs.  valued  at  about  $60. 

Street  Mining:. — Hart,  Wooters  and 
Clarke,'mining  in  Washington  street  are 
making  it  pay  well.  The  gold  is  coarse 
and  heavy. 

App  Mine. — The  mine  is  down  to  the 
650  ft.  level,  where  the  rock  is  thickly 
studded  with  the  precious  metal.  The 
mill  is  running  day  and  night,  with  good 
results.  > 

Aula  Quartz  Mine. — Frank  Aula  &  Co, 
have  commenced  running  a  tunnel  on  a 
lode  they  had  discovered,  30  miles  from 
Big  Oak  Flat,  which  prospects  at  the  rate 
of  $40  per  ton.  The  lode  is  16  ft.  wide. 
They  are  building  an  arastra  to  work  the 
rock.. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Bjuleoad  Dist.— Elko  Independent,  April  20: 
The  Supt.  of  the  Highland  S.  M.  Co.  showed 
119  yesterday  some  very  rich  specimens  of  ore 


from  the  Humboldt  mine,  assaying  as  high  as 
$500  per  ton.  The  explorations  have  reached 
100  ft.  from  the  surface,  showing  a  regular  and 
well  defined  ledge.  The  Elko  Co.  has  also 
struck  a  large  body  of  fine  ore  in  its  tunnel. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT- 
MAGNOLIA  Co. — Eureka  Sentinel,  April  16: 
The  shaft  of  Newport  No..  1  is  down  135  ft.  fol- 
lowing a  perfect  foot  wall,  ore  permeating  the 
entireshaft.  A  drift  has  been  commenced,  start- 
ing at  the ,  bottom  of  this  shaft  with  a  view  of 
running  across  the  ledge,  and  its  course  is  about 
9%  ft.  from  the  the  foot- wall, going  inthe  direc- 
tion of  the  hanging  wall.  There  is  a  quantity 
of  first  class  ore  on  the  dump.  The  Newport 
No.  2  is  showing  a  fine  body  and  is  being  vigor- 
ously worked.  The  Astor,  another  mine  be- 
longing to  this  Co.  has  a  shaft  down  60  ft.  in 
magnificent  ore. 

Diamond  Dist.— The  developments  recently 
made  in  the  Champion  series  of  mines  show 
splendid  bodies  of  ore,  and  the  workings  are  all 
in  rich  rock.  The  drift  being  run  from  the 
main  shaft  will  soon  be  made  to  intersect  the 
tunnel,  and  indications  are  strong  that  ore  will 
be  encountered  on  the  way  by  cutting  the  regu- 
lar vein. 

Will  be  Resumed. — Work  will  be  resumed  in 
a  few  days  on  several  claims  that  have  been  idle 
during  the  winter. 

ARRrvED.-^The  engine,  boilers  and  Other  ma- 
chinery for  the  Richmond  Go.  are  all  lying  at 
Palisade  awaiting  shipment. 

Richmond.— These  works  will  be  started  up 
early  next  month. 

Started  Ur-.-Thefurnaces  of  the  Eureka  Con. 
Co.   have  started  up. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Pioche  Record,  April  11:  W.  F. 
&  Co.  shipped  to-day  bullion  valued  at  $20,- 
807.48. 

Chief  Dist. — This  dist.  is  15  miles  south 
from  Pioche.  There  are  about  80  miners  in  the 
dist.  The  Chief  was  the  first  location  made, 
and  of  the  principal  we  can  mention  the  Silver 
Wave,  Eagle,  Black  Hawk,  Gen,  Grant,  Ver- 
million, Muchacho,  and  Tabor.  The  first 
named  has  a  ledge  4  ft.  in  width  of  fine  chlor- 
ide ore,  rich  in  horn  silver,  and  has  on  the 
dump  about  50  tons  of  ore  that  will  work  well. 

Huhn  &  Hunt. — "Work  is  being  carried  on  by 
a  full  force  of  men;  the  incline  is  down  60  ft. 
below  the  level  of  the  tunnel;  the  ledge  shows 
better  and  larger  the  deeper  work  extends.  The 
ledge  at  the  lower  level  is.  full  4  ft.  wide.  The 
ore  is  of  a  very  fine  character  and  there  are 
over  250  tons  on  the  dump. 

HUMBOLDT. 

The  Starlight  Co. — This  is  one  of  the  moat 
active  in  the  district.  They  are  turning  out 
good  milling  ore,  with  every  prospect  of  strik- 
ing a  large  body  of  ore  soon. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  State,  April  20th: 
Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona,  since  our 
last  issue,  was  $6,387. 

Manitowoc.— For  some  time  past  a  force  of 
men  have  been  at  work.  The  developments 
made  are  most  satisfactory.  A  drift  is  being 
run  to  connect  with  the  works  of  the  old  S.  M. 
Co. 

Natchez. — The  mine  is  looking  better  than 
at  any  time  since  the^,  Twiss  brothers  com- 
menced work  upon  it. 

Battle  Mountain  Dist. — The  English  Cop- 
per Co.  is  working  quite  a  force  of  men,  while 
many  other  small  companies  are  taking  out  and 
shipping  considerable  quantities  of  copper  ore. 
Senator  MoBeth  is  pushing  work  on  the  Battle. 
Mountain  with  very  flattering  prospects.  The 
White  mine  has  a  limited  number  of  men  at 
work.  They  are  bringing  to  the  surface  con- . 
siderable  quantities  of  shipping  ore. 

Eaolb. — This  mine,  in  Indian  Dist.,  is  being 
actively  developed,  3  shifts  of  men  being  em- 
ployed in  sinking  a  shaft.  The  ledge,  8  ft. 
wide,  has  clearly  defined  walls,  and  assays  of 
ores  taken  from  different  parts  give  satisfactory 
results. 

Arizona  Cons. — An  important  strike  was 
made  at  the  extreme  southern  part  of  the  works 
this  week.  For  some  distance  the  workmen 
have  been  running  in  broken  up  ground,  where 
the  ledge  seemed  to  be  pinched  out,  but  they 
have  now  reached  a  well  defined  ledge  beyond 
this  ground,  demonstrating  that  it  continues  to 
the  southward  in  that  direction. 

WASHOE. 

Bullion. — Eeno  Crescent,  April  20:  Amount 
shipped  for'  the  first  19  days  of  April,  was  43,- 
894  fts. 

■  Virginia  Enterprise,  April  18:  Hale  &  Nor- 
cross  Co.  yesterday  cut  their  lead,  on  the  1,500 
ft.  level  48%  ft.  southeast  of. then-  incline..  They 
tapped  some  water  and  cut  into  good  ore.  On 
the  1,400  it.  level  they  have  drifted  33  ft.  This 
ore  is  said  to  be  equal  in  richness  to  Crown 
Point.  There  are  streaks  in  the  new  body  that 
go  as  high  as  $3,000  to  $5,000  per  ton. 

The  Caledonia  Co.  will  soon-be  taking  out 
ore  from.  2  levels,  and  besides  have  struck  ore  in 
their  shaft. 

The  Knickerbocker,  Globe,  CalAlonia  and 
Utah  and  other  Co.'s  are  all  actively  developing 
their  mines. 

During  the  past  week  600  tons  of  ore  was 
taken  from  the  Savage,  assaying  $47.68  to  the 
ton.  Hale  &  Norcross  yielded  540  tons  for  the 
same  period. 

The  drifts  south  on;  the  1, 100-ft.  level  of  the 
Ophir  are  being  pushed  steadily  forward.  The 
drift  west  from  the  shaft  on  the  1,300-ft.  level 
being  pushed  night  and  day.  When  the  drift  on 
the  lower  level  cuts  the  lead  half  a  dozen 
cross-cuts  will  be  made  on  the  1,100  ft.  level. 

The  Eureka  mill  is  working  splendidly. 

The  water  will  be  out  of  the  Justice  in  about 


April  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


261 


2  days  when  the  old  east  drift  on  the  410  ft.  level 
will  be  poshed  ahead. 

All  tne  mills  on  Six  and  Seven-mile  Canons 
are  in  actta  operation  on  CoinsUxk  ores. 

The  Lucerne  Co.  has  oomuieiie-d  building  its 
new  hoisting  works  in  GoJd  CaiWn  this  side  uf 
the  Devil's  Gftto. 

The  ore  body  on  the  1,400-ft.  lev.  1  ,.( ih-  Qalfl 
&  \<  -n  ross  is  improving. 

The  new  development  in  the  Barege  is  looking 
well  and  is  daily  improving, 

We  yesterday  saw  at  the.  bank  of  OaX  28  ban 
worth  $4jU,023.H  from  the  Belcher  uud  Crown 
Point. 

Local  Summary.— Gold  Hill  Nnoa,  April  13: 
liKtciiBH.— DuiW  yield,  98S  tons,  from  the 
1,100  ft.  level,  aeBoyinfl  tram  $90  to  $120  per 
tim.  The  ore  has  u  bo  sloped  out  366  ft.  south 
from  thu  Grown  l'<<int  line,  mid  the  toaaeta  arc 
still  in  splendid  on.  Above  Uns  let  el  tbe  ore? 
bully  is  being  atoped  ont  to  the  hi^lit  of  6  floon 
showing  no detenoratton  ol  <piulity,  and  hold- 
ing in  width.  At  Ibc  track  floor  ol  the  level 
mentioned  the  ore-body  is  95  and  100  it,  wide, 
and  at  th*'  fourth  Iloor  above  it  is  worked  to  the 
width  at  HO  ft.  and  no  east  wall  yet  reached. 
The  floors  alwvo  are  not  worked  so  wide  aa  yet. 
A  continuous  winze  OOnttQctiOQ  through  from 
the  1,100  t..  the  1100  ft.  levels  is  made  for  ail- 
and  for  seUtling  down  ore  and.  waste.  At  the 
UOO  ft.  level  a  cross-cut  develops  32  ft.  of  good 
ore,  showing  a  continuous  body  through  t>»  the 
lowest  Level.  The  south  drift  at  the  1,100  ft, 
level  is  in  540  ft.  from  thu  Crown  Point  line, 
and  the  face  is  in  porphyry.  Thu  drift  from  the 
bottom  of  thu  winze  connecting  the  1,100  and 
1,200  ft.  levels,  00  ft.  south  of  the  Crown  [Joint 
line,  is  completed  through  to  the  Crown  Point 
1.300  ft.  level,  giving  a  good  air  circulation.  In 
toe  old  upper  mine  the  main  working  incline  is 
down  918  ft.  below  the  850  ft.  level,  and  is  be- 
ing rapidly  sunk  deeper  by  -1  shifts  of  miners 
working  (J  hours  each.  The  foundations  for  the 
two  new  00  horse  power  hoisting  engines  are 
being  prepared,  the  pump  engine  is  in  place 
ready  to  work,  and  the  pumps  are  about  all 
placed.  All  the  machinery  will  be  ready  to  run 
in  about  a  month  of  0  weeks. 

Savagk.— Owing  to  lack  of  milling .  facilities, 
is  producing  but  a  few  tons  of  oro  per  day. 
There  is  at  least2,500  tons  in  the  dumps  awiting 
transportation  and  milling.  The  drift  south 
from  the  incline,  at  the  1,500  ft.  lovel  is  in  80 
ft.  and  has  10  ft.  further  to  run  to  reach  a  point 
directly  beneath  the  good  body  of  ore  found  in 
the  level  above.  It  progresses  at  the  rate  of  4 
or  5  ft.  a  day.  The  winze  connecting  the  1,300 
and  1,400  ft.  levels  is  350  ft.  seuth  of  the  in- 
cline and  80  ft.  north  of  the  Hale  &  Norcross 
line. 

Hale  &  Noncltoss. — The  main  incline  is  50 
ft.  below  the  tenth  station,  or  1,500  ft.  level, 
and  to-day  the  pump  is  being  put  in  place  be- 
low the  level.  The  excavation  for  the  station 
at  this  point  is  completed,  and  a  drift  is  being 
run  to  cut  the  vein  directly  east  of  the  incline. 
This  drift  will  reach  the  vein  within  3  or  4  days 
At  the  next  station  above  (the  ninth)  they  are 
running  a  thrift  north  in  the  west  wall, 
close  to  the  vein,  which  it  touches  in  some 
places. 

Danev. — The  shaft  is  down  524  ft.  and  still 
sinking  wit  good  progress  for  the  600  ft.  level. 
•  The  drift  on  the  500  ft.  level  is  in  160  ft.  north 
on  the  vein,  with  favorable  indications.  The 
work  done  at  present  is  confined  principally  to 
drifting  on  the  500  and  sinking  the  main  shaft. 
At  650  ft.  the  expect  to  encounter  the  vein  in 
the  main  shaft. 

Crown  Point, — The  daily  yield  continues  un- 
abated. All  the  ore  breasts  are  looking  splen- 
didly. The  yield  for  March  was  10,753  tons, 
of  the  milling  value  of  $630,848.01,  averaging 
$58.67  to  the  ton. 

Virginia. — The  drift  being  run  from  the 
Gould  &  Curry  to  prospect  the  Cons,  at  a  depth 
of  1,167  ft.  has  suddenly  been  discontinued. 

Kentuck. — From  38  to  40  tons  of  ore  per  day 
is  the  present  yield,  gleaned  from  the  old  work- 
ings about  the  500,  600  and  700-ft.  levels.  This 
keeps  the  Devil's  Gate  mill  running  steadily. 
The  drift  through  the  1,300-ft.  level  being  run 
from  each  side  by  the  Crown  Point  and  Yellow 
Jacket  Co.  for  air  connection,  is  progressing 
fast. 

Ophib. — The  drift  west,  toward  the  vein,  at 
the  1,300-ft.  level,  is  in  42  ft.,  and  is  expected 
to  intersect  the  vein  in  3  weeks.  At  the  1,100- 
ft.  level  the  south  drift  is  in  145  ft.  from  the 
shaft,  cutting  through  several  streaks  of  quartz 
and  developing  very  encouraging  indications  of 
ore,  the  quartz  giving  small  assays  of  silver  and 
gold.  The  north  drift  is  in  117  ft.  with  less  fa- 
vorable indications. 

Buckeye  produces  about  35  tons  of  ore  per 
day — all  gold  ore. 

Sunto  Tunnel. — The  sinking  of  the  air  shafts 
along  the  line  of  the  tunnel  is  progressing  fa- 
vorably. The  tunnel  is  in  2,832  ft.,  the  face 
being  in  very  hard  blasting  rock,  no  very  fast 
progress  can  be  made.  There  are  225  men  em- 
ployed in  running  this  tunnel  and  sinking  the 
air  shafts. 

Justice. — The  water  in  the  shaft  wilTbe  all 
pumped  out  by  the  middle  of  next  week,  when 
the  drift  east  at  the  500-ft.  level  will  be  cleaned 
out  and  finished  through  to  the  ledge.  It  is  in 
90  ft.,  about  30  ft.  further  will  reach  the  ledge, 
when  good  ore  is  expected  to  be  found. 

Yellow  Jacket. — The  main  incline  is  40  ft. 
below  Sutro  Tunnel  level,  encountering  no 
water  yet. 

Imperial  Empire. — The  incline  from  the  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft  is  being  sunk  at  a  satisfactory 
rate,  in  hard  blasting  rock.  The  station  at  the 
1,600-ft.  level  will  soon  be  opened.  No  water  is 
found  in  the  incline. 

Knickerbocker. — New  shaft  down   180  ft. 


Tho new  hoisting  works  are-  ready  for  operation. 

Overman.— New  shaft  712  ft,  deep  and  the 
bottom  is  hard  porphyry,  which  blasts  well. 

SrccoR. — The  new  shaft  was  commenced  this 
week,  and  will  be  sunk  rapidly. 

CHOLLAB  PoToni. —  Daily  yield,  150  tons,  nil 
from  tbe  old  workings.  Average  oHsays  $41.50 
per  ton. 

Globs. — About  4  ft.  of  very  good  oro  is  re- 
ported found  in  the  old  upper  working*.  At 
other  points  (he  Globe  is  being  actively  pros* 
pected  and  developed. 

Gould  a  Cubby.  -The  new  hoisting  works 
will  be  comploted  in  about  a  week,  when  opera- 
tions will  be  resnmed. 

Sierra  Nevada. — Daily  yield,  50  tons,  from 
the  new  IftdgOj  keeping  the  Co.'s  tirstmiil  stead- 
ily running.  . 
WHITE  PINE. 

Bullion.— White  Pine  \> /•-.»,  April  13:  W., 
h\  A  Co.  shipped  to  S.  P.,  for  Bowery  M.  &  M. 
Co.,  Pioche,  7  burs,  421  lbs.,  valued  at  $7,265.- 
43. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines— tWabd  Bkechbr. — 
Sinking  winze  from  bottom  of  Philpotts  cham- 
ber to  connect  with  east  drift  from  Lady's  cham- 
ber. 

North  Aurora.— Working  to  the  south.  Mak- 
ing fair  headway.  The  tunnel  running  from 
the  South  Aurora  to  connect  with  the  ltisdale 
chamber  progresses  rapidly. 

East  Sheboygan. — Breasting  out  in  01c  cham- 
ber.    Ore  improving  in  grade. 

Copper  Glance. —-The  drift  running  ahead  to 
find  the  extent  of  the  ore  body  is  pushed  rapidly. 

San  Juan  del  Rio.— There  is  one  shift  em- 
ployed sinking  the  shaft.  Hoisting  ore  and 
piling  on  the  dump. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining — Yavapai  Co. — Prescott 
J/i/ht,  April  6:  Win.  Linn,  owner  of  a  claim  in 
the  Tiger,  Brudskuw,  informed  us  this  week 
that  richer  rock  than  any  yet  shipped  to  S.  F. 
was  being  raised.  Other  ledgos  in  the  Dist. 
were  producing  plenty  of  rich  rock. 

A  note  from  the  Supt.  of  the  Del  Pasco  mill 
and  mine,  assures  us  that  work  was  progressing 
very  favorably.  The  mine  was  yielding  a  great 
deal  of  high-grade  milling  ore.  The  mill  (4- 
stamps)  was  being  run  from.  .12  to  14  hours  each 
day,  with  a  result  of  about  $260  for  said  work. 
The  Supt.  is  making  arastras  which  will  be 
ready  for  work  soon. 

Vulture. — The  famous  mine  and  mill  at 
Wickenburg,  are  yielding  plenty  of  gold. 

Benjamin. — About  5  tons  of  ore  are  on  the 
dump,  ready  for  shipment. 

The  mill  which  Frederick  &  Hammond  are 
setting  up  on  the  Hassayampa,  will  soon  be 
ready  for  crushing. 

The  news  from  Watnut_Grove  and  Weaver 
Dist.  continues  good. 

Mr.  Kerr,  of  Fort  Rock,  inf  orms  us  that  some 
ledgeB  near  his  place  were  being  prospected. 

Joe  Voshay  and  others  talk  of  striking  out, 
soon,  on  a  big  prospect. 

There  is  talk  of  raising  a  Co.  to  prospect 
Diamond  river. 

Ex-Lieut.  Wm.  McK.  Owen,  found,  one  day 
last  week,  near  the  Benjamin,  a  fine  looking 
ledge  of  very  rich  silver  rock. 

Mohave  Co. — E.M.  Smith  has  invested  about 
$30,000  in  mines,  and  is  still  engaged  buying 
more. 

Several  mines  have  changed  hands.  The 
Empire,  Schuyler  and  Schenectady  have  been 
sold,  and  to-day  the  Seventy-Two,  No.  2,  is  re- 
ported sold. 

Coover's  furnace,  at  Chloride,  and  Edgar's 
at  Cerbat,  are  going  up  fast.  The  mill  starts 
in  the  morning  on  Lone  Star  rock. 

Yuma  Co. — Many  mines  of  Castle  Dome  and 
other  dists.,  bordering  the  Colorado,  are  being 
worked  up. 

Colorado  Eiveb  Placers. — There  is  con- 
siderable talk  about  the  placer  diggings  recently 
discovered  on  bars  of  the  Colorado,  near  Black 
Canon.  All  the  accounts  seen  by  us,  state  that 
the  bars  contain  sufficient  gold  to  remunerate 
miners  for  working  them. 

Colorado. 

Items. — Colorado  Miner,  April  11 :  Since  our 
last  report,  Baily  &  Nott  have  shipped  19  tons 
of  the  250  tons  of  ore  on  hand. 

The  Baker  Mill  will  be  rebuilt  this  spring. 
The  Matilda  Fletcher  lode,  Bard  Creek  Dist., 
Republican  Mt.  It  is  a  sulphuret  lode  and  has 
had  pay  in  sight  from  the  discovery.  It  is 
opened  by  a  tunnel  at  the  discovery  on  the  vein, 
147  ft  in  length. 

Georgetown. — Cor.  same  :  The  work  of  con- 
structing smelting  works  at  Swansea,  about  3 
miles  below  Georgetown,  has  commenced. 
Work  will  be  resumed  in  a  short  time  on  the 
Burleigh  tunnel. 

The  owners  of  the  Pelican  are  driving  a  long 
tunnel  to  strike  their  mine  at  a  respectable 
depth  from  the  surface. 

The  Zephyr  is  situated  a  short  distance  below 
the  Pelican.  The  pay  ore  vein  is  large  and 
continuous.  In  one  place  we  noted  a  breadth 
of  nearly  3  ft  of  solid  ore,  of  great  richness. 
The  ore  is  high  grade  and  the  mine  a  broad 
gauge  one. 

The  Eagle  Bird  is  a  short  distance  below  the 
Zephyr.  The  mine  is  being  placedin  complete 
working  order.  The  ore  taken  ont,  up  to- date, 
has  paid  all  expenses  of  work  done,  and  left  a 
handsome  profit. 

The  Corry  City  vein  shows  a  breadth  between 
walls  of  about  25  ft.  A  tunnel  cuts  the  vein  at 
about  40  or  50  ft.  from  the  surface.  At  present 
there  are  from  3  to  4  ft.  of  pay  vein  matter  in 
sight,  that  yields  by  mill  treatment_50  ozs.  per 
ton. 

Golden. — Central  Register,  April  10th:  The 


Jeffejreon  C.  and  M.  Co.  have  their  mine  well 
opened,  and  4,000  tons  of  coal  broken  and  ready 
for  delivery. 

Excavations  for  the  foundation  of  the  blast 
furnace  are  being  made  on  the  grounds  of  the 
l'>.  A  C.  S.  Co.,  for  the  treatment  of  silver-lead 
ores.  During  three  days  of  the  past  week  this 
Co,  paid  out  over  $8,000  for  silver  ore  from 
Clear  <Y 

Tue  Ojphtr  mini  on  the  Kansas  lode,  as 
worked  by  Roberts  ft  Co.,  is  yielding  a  hand- 
some profit.  The  shaft--:!o(i  ft.  in  depth— has 
been  securely  timbered  from  top  to  bottom. 
On  each  side  at  the  bottom  two  drifts  are  being 
driven!,  both  of  which  disclose  a  handsome  vein 
that  will  average  nearly  It  ft,  of  solid  ore. 

Canton.— Cor.  same:  The  Wabash  lode  is 
looking  tim-.  Geo.  C.  Corning  A  Co.  have  or- 
ganized a  large  Co.  in  the  East,  for  the  purpose 
of  working  the  mine,  and  to  erect  reduction 
works  at  some  suitable  place  in  this  county. 

We  wore  shown  a  letter  from  Patterson  & 
Mullen,  who  have  formed  a  Co.  with  9140\000 
capital,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  smelting 
works  at  this  place. 

Idaho. 

Local  Record. —Silver  City  Ac<<L, ,<•■]» •,,  April 
13:  The  5th  level  cross-cut,  after  being  run 
east  20  ft.  intersected  the  ledge  which  has  a  very 
tine  appearance,  18  inches  in  width,  with  ore 
that  will  mill  $00  per  ton.  The  quartz  is  of  a 
soft  nature;  and  on  the  casings  each  side,  very 
rich  silver  and  gold  bearing  rock  is  found.  At 
the  4th  level,  15  ft.  from  the  cross-cut  south,  a 
winze  is  being  sunk  in  which  there  is  a  ledge  of 
first  grade  ore,  16  inches  wide,  showing  that  the 
chute  of  ore  runs  clear  through  the  5th  level. 
In  the  south  drift,  4th  level,  the  ledge  is  small 
and  split  up,  so  that  it  has  been  found  neces- 
sary to  run  in  the  west  wall  in  order  to  keep  on 
the  vein. 

South  Chariot. — As  many  men  us  can  profit- 
ably be  worked  are  employed  in  straightening 
the  shaft  from  the  2d  to  the  4th  level.  The 
foreman  will  commence  sinking  on  the  vein  be- 
low the  4th  level  in  connection  with  straighten- 
ing the  shaft  above.  The  ledge  in  the  4th  level 
drift  is  large  but  not  of  sufficient  quality  to  save 
for  milling.    . 

Minnesota. — The  stopes  between  the  first  and 
second  levels,  both  north  and  south  of  the  shaft, 
continue  good,  sending  out  14  tons  of  good 
grade  ore  every  24  hours,  which  is  figured  on 
at  about  $55  per  ton.  Working  force,  32  men. 

Golden  Chariot. — The  work  of  straightening 
the  shaft  is  being  carried  on  injthe  most  expedi- 
tious manner. 

Elmore. — The  shaft  is  once  more  on  its  down- 
ward course.  A  large  tank  has  been  put  in  at 
the  7th  level,  and  all  the  water  at  this  point  is 
taken  into  it.  The  7th  level  drift  north  has  im- 
proved during  the  week,  showing  a  ledge  2%  ft. 
in  width  of  ore  worth  from  $40  to  $45  per  ton. 
The  ore  is  not  of  very  high  grade,  but  there 
seems  to  be  an  abundance  of  it. 

Empire.' — The  contractors  are  at  work  sink- 
ing the  new  shaft  below  the  adit  level.  The 
ledge  looks  well  throughout  and  varies  in  size 
from  1  to  2  ft.     The  ore  is  high  grade. 

War  Eagle. — This  claim  is  turning  out  well, 
and  shows  an  abundance  of  good  ore  all  through. 

Lower  California. 

McKeans  Mill. — San  Diego  Union,  April  11: 
The  machinery  has  all  been  put  up,  and  the 
work  of  crushing  will  commence  the  first  of 
next  week.  The  Co.  have  a  large  amount  of 
low-grade  ore  which  it  is  expected  will  yield 
about  $20  per  ton. 

Montana. 

Blackfoot. — Deer  Lodge  Independent,  April 
13:  Four  Co.'s  have  been  working  all  winter 
near  the  head  of  Upper  Ophir  gulch,  drifting 
and  washing  with  good  results.  Pat.  Garr  & 
Co.,  on  Illinois  gulch  are  engaged  ground-sluic- 
ing, and  all  other  miners  are  making  extensive 
preparations  for  a  prosperous  season's  work. 

German. — Work  is  going  on  on  all  the  claims 
in  German  gulch,  from  the  California  Co.  down 
to  the  canon. 

Utah. 

Bullion.— S.  L.  Tribune,  April  16:  W.,  F.  & 
Co.,  received  on  Sunday  13  bars,  from  the 
American  Flag,  worth  $li,532.21,  for  shipment 
to  New  York. 

Vallejo  Tunnel. — This  tunnel  in  Little  Cot- 
tonwood, and  completed  350  ft.,  has  led  to  a 
rich  deposit  of  galena  ore  filling  the  whole  face 
of  the  cut.  The  value  of  the  ore  varies  from 
$125  to  $200  per  ton,  silver. 

Illinois  Tunnel. — This  tunnel  has  been  run 
about  440  ft.  and  a  drift  from  it  has  led  into  a 
drift  from  the  Emma. 

The  Titus,  a  new  mine  in  Little  Cottonwood, 
is  taking  out  a  large  quantity  of  valuable  ore. 

Deep  Creek.— The  Grand  Deposit  is  150  ft. 
wide.  J.  F.  Berry  &  Co.  are  running  a  furnace 
which  is  turning  out  about  2%  tons  of  bullion 
per  day. 

Columbia  Dist. — There  are  124  claims  re- 
corded, and  in  nearly  every  instance  where 
assessment  work  has  been  done,  Galena  and 
Carbonate  ores  have  been  exposed. 

Silver  Cloud. — The  main  shaft  is  55  ft., 
from  which  they  have  a  tunnel  of  165  ft.  in 
which  a  remarkable  sight  of  rich  ore  is  to  be 
seen. 

At  Stockton  Jacobs  &  Co.  are  about  erecting 
extensive  smelters. 

■  East  Tintic. — Co'r.  same:  The  principal 
leads  being  worked  are  the  Bowers,  Alice,  Jeff- 
erson, Rising  Sun,  Elephant  and  King  Philip : 
all  excellent  leads. 

An  important  work  has  just  commenced 
here,  the  running  of  a  tunnel  through  the  Ris- 
ing Sun  Hill. 


West  Mt.  Dist. — Cor.  same:  In  Black 
Jack  Gulch  are  mines  that  are  yielding  ores  in 
sufficient  quantity  that  carry  silver  into  the 
hundreds  of  ounces  per  ton,  while  the  Winna- 
muck  mine  hue  been  taking  out  ores  that  run 
from  81,000  to  $1,200  per  ton. 

Many  now  and  valuable  discoveries  have 
been  made,  among  which  is  a  splendid  vein  of 
gulena  and  chroni'ute  of  lend  10  ft.  wide,  also 
some  mines  of  gold  bearing  quartz.  The  plac- 
ers are  doing  well. 

The  Winnamnck,  in  Bingham,  is  looking 
better  than  usual,  and  opening  out  rich  bodies 
of  oro. 

The  famous  galena  lode  near  the  head  of 
m  is  well  developed  and  shows  immense 
bodies  of  carbonate  of  lead. 

Tm:  Saturn  Co.  have  run  a  tunnel  125  ft., 
cutting  the  vein  115  ft.  from  the  surface.  At 
the  end  of  this  tunnel  they  have  sunk  a  shaft 
which  is  down  80  ft.,  in  mineral  all  the  way. 

North  Tintic. — A  drift  has  been  run  on  an 
incline,  to  ascertain  the  width  of  the  vein,  for 
20  ft.  on  the  Black  Crook  mine,  and  still  there 
is  no  indication  of  the  opposite  wall  being  near 
at  hand.  The  drift  has  so  fur  passed  through 
solid  ore  without  any  interruption  of  outside  or 
non-paying  rock. 

The  next  leading  mine  is  the  Metropolitan, 
It  is  u  vein  4  ft.  wide. 


San  Francisco  Stock  and  Exchange 
Board. 

San  Francisco,   April  25,  1872 . 

The  sules  at  the  Stock  Board  during  tho  past 
few  weeks  have  been  enormous;  for  Vie  week 
ending  the  19th  inst.  they  amounted  to  $8,- 
494,400.  The  sessions  are  protracted  and  busi- 
ness heavy.  There  is  no  apparent  abatement  in 
the  excitement  and  prices  are  unparalelled. 
This  has  been  especially  the  case  in  Virginia 
and  Gold  Hill  stocks.  The  number  of  new 
incorporations  being  placed  on  the  market  is 
unusual  and  most  of  them  find  ready  sale. 

The  Redington  Quicksilver  Company  held  a 
meeting  on  the  18th  and  elected  John  H.  Red- 
ington, Horace  P.  Livermore  and  Geo.  W. 
Cornwall  Trustees. '  Chas  M.  Peck  was  contin- 
ued as  Secretary.  Crown  Point  sold  at  $1,500 
on  Monday,  equal  to  $30,000  per  foot,  the  high- 
est price  ever  paid  for  any  mine  in  the  United 
States.  A  number  of  others  have,  during  this  ex- 
citement, risen  higher  than  ever  before.  The 
Mahogany  mine  has  shipped  this  week  $4,862. 
The  Chollar  Potosi  mine  yielded  last  week  824 
tons  of  ore  assaying  $42.52  per  ton  and  the 
Crown  Point  yielded  2,700  tons,  valued'at$167,- 
186.  About  750  tons  df  ore  were  taken  from 
the  Hale  &  Norcross  mine  last  week.  The  ore 
in  the  1,200-ft.  level  of  the  Belcher  assays  $358 
per  ton. 

The  Trustees  of  the  Home  Ticket  S.  M.  Co*. 
have  elected  S.  S.  Tilton  President,  C.  F\  Bal- 
com  Secretary  and  P.  H.  Smith  Superinten- 
dent. The  Huhn  and  Hunt  S.  M.  Co.  have 
elected  the  following  Trustees:  N.,  C.  Fasset 
(President),  L.  A.  Booth  (Treaurer),E.  Huhn, 
J.  Clark,  A.  E.  Head,  Geo.  D.  Soberts,  and  E. 
B.  Ball.    Louis  Kaplan  is  Secretaiy. 

The  Raymond  &  Ely  mine  has  sent  down 
$31,800,  making  $220,400  for  the  first  21  days 
of  the  month.  Between  April  8th  and  the  24th 
$55,700  has  come  from  the  Meadow  Valley 
mine. 

The  Hale  &  Norcross  Company,  which  re- 
cently doubled  its  capital  stock,  proposes  to 
"treble  the  recent  increase.  The  Belcher  Com- 
pany also  propose  increasing  their  stock  from 
$1,040,000  to  $10,400,000.  The  Stock  Board 
held  no  session  this  morning  on  account  of  the 
death  of  a  member. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S,  E.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board.    . , 

April  18.  SiaheM.    Lowest.    April  25.  Ado.  Her. 

Alpha SIM  181)        ,  .  110  IBS           30  — 

American  Flag..  18^  18^    I,        lfi  17  —  1% 

Belcher 1010  1450 «  980  1450  440  — 

BucKove —  1"V£  8  10^  —  — 

Ohollar-Potosi..  MO  380  230  800  50  — 

Caledonia 80  110  54  1'0  30  — 

Cons.  Virginia...  130  .  \W>£  107#  1583*  22J£  — 

Crown  Point....  13.50  1500  1350  —  25  — 

Ttfuiev 9)4  <U£  «£  fi%  -  3M 

Eureka  Cons.,..  37  37  3D  36  —  1 

Furfika -•  I6&  lfi  —  —  — 

T^.lM.fiuer 55  65  40  55  —  — 

Gould  A  Curry.  .530  545  440  510  —  20 

Golden  Chariot. .  —  2ft  20  —  —  — 

Hale  ANorcroBS. 710  7W>  390  410  —  300 

TdaElmore -  11%  1BJ£  19  —  — 

Imperial ....360  400  310  —  —  — 

Kentuck ....450  540  37ft  540  9fr  — 

Mammoth —  80o  75c  75c  —  .— 

Meadow  Valley..  25  26  18  2ft  —  b  5 

Mahogany —  ,22,'rf  21  22J£  —  — 

Ophir 150  15"        .      100  134  -  16 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.  —  J3J£  12  13  —  — 

Overman 150  280  ]30  230  80  ^~ 

Pioche 17  18  16  ^fi%  -  % 

Raymond  &  Ely. '20  135  112  12-5            5  — 

Savage 610  70ft  570  700  90  — 

Sierra  Nevada...  5fi  65  40  48M  —  1% 

Succor 13  13!^  70  —  —  — 

Wash.AOrflole..    ftl£  7tf  ft  7  K  — 

Vellow  Jacket. ..  195  270  ]fi7^  270  75  — 

St.  Pot.riok —  25  22  —  —  — 

Sag.  Belcher... .160  240  135  240  80  — 


A  bill  granting  pre-emption  rights  te  settlers 
on  the  mountain  lands  in  California  has  been 
signed  by  tho  President. 


262 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  27,  1872. 


The  Big  Mill  of  Nevada. 

We,  day  before  yesterday,  paid  a  visit  to 
the  new  Eureka  mill,  situated  on  Carson 
River,  about  half  way  between  Empire  City 
and  Dayton.  This  mill  is  probably  to-day 
the  largest  and  best  mill  in  the  world  for 
the  reduction  of  silver  ores.  It  is  certainly 
the  best  mill  in  this  State,  where  are  locat- 
ed some  of  the  beet  mills  now  known  for 
working  ores  by  the  process  at  present  in 
use.  The  planning  of  the  mill  and  all 
connected  with  it  was  done  by  Mr.  A. 
Edgington,  Superintendent  of  the  affairs 
of  the  Union  Mining  and  Mill  Company, 
though  the  particular  points  in  the  work 
were  carried  out  by  Mr.  Fountain,  who 
look  hold  of  it  as  sketched  out  and  brought 
the  whole  to  its  present  state  of  perfection. 
Onr  best  plan  of  describing  the  grand 
works  we  have  named  appears  to  be  to  fol- 
low the  course  of  the  ores  from  the  Corn- 
stock  lode.  These,  then ,  we  may  say  are 
shipped  over  the  Virginia  and  Truckee 
Railroad  to  a  point  about  one  and  three- 
qnarter  miles  above  the  mill,  where  there 
is  a  switch  made  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  cars  carrying  ores  to  this  particular 
mill.  Being  run  off  on  this  switch  or  side 
track  the  cars  are  dumped  into 

The  Chute. 
This  chute  is  350'  feet  in  length  and 
14  feet  3  inches  in  width.  It  is  divided 
throughout  its  whole  length  by  a  central 
partition  of  two-inch  planks,  and  its  bot-' 
torn  is  lined  with  iron,  in  order  to  facilitate 
the  sliding  down  of  the  ore  and  to  guard 
against  wear.  The  chute  stands  at  an  angle 
to  the  horizon  of  36  degrees,  and  it  is  found 
that  the  ore  very  freely  passes  through 
it  to 

The  Dump, 
Which  is  situated  at  its  bottom,  and  which 
is  36  feet  'wide,  18  feet  deep  and  16  feet 
high.  This  dump  is  also  divided  through 
the  centre  by  a  strong  partition.  The  ob- 
ject of  these  divisions  in  the  chute  and 
dump  is  that  two  kinds  of  ore  may  be  sent 
down  and  kept  separate.  The  dump  and 
chute  are  capable  of  holding  1,000  tons  of 
ore,  and  both  are  most  substantially  con- 
structed. From  this  dump  the  ore  is  taken 
into  the  cars  which  run  upon 

The  Narrow  Guage  Railroad, 
And  over  it  is  conveyed  to  the  mill  below. 
There  are  now  in  use  on  the  railroad  ten 
iron  ore  cars,  each  capable  of  holding  four 
tons  of'  ore.  The  grade  of  the  road  is  30 
inches  (down)  to  the  mile,  and  the. distance 
from  the  dump  to  the  mill  is  one  mile  and 
three-quarters.  The  cars  are  loaded  in  a 
few  minutes  by  means  of  gates  fixed  in  the 
lower  part  of  the  dump,  and  raised  and 
lowered  by  means  of  wheels  working  into 
proper  gearing.  Horses  are  used  to  haul 
the  empty  oars  up  from  the  mill,  but  when 
filled  they  travel  the  down  grade  to  the 
dam  without  any  further  attention  than 
that  of  the  brakeman,  who  must  be  on  the 
lookout  to  prevent  their  running  too  rap- 
idly. They  generally  go  down  about  as 
swift  as  anyone  would  care  to  travel  over 
any  railroad.  The  road  follows  the  north- 
ern bank  of  the  river,  and,  passing  over 
the  dam,  continues  thence  to  the  mill  over 
the  flume  which  carries  to  the  mill  the 
water  by  which  it  is  driven.  In  company 
with  Mr.  Edgington,  Mr.  Fountain  and 
Mr.  King,  Superintendent  of  the  mill,  we 
took  a  ride  from  the  mill  to  the  dump  and 
back  over  the  flume  to  the  mill — using 
horses  in  going  up  and  coming  back  the 
greater  part  of  the  way  without  any  other 
aid  than  that  of  gravitation.  It  is  wonder- 
ful to  see  how  docile  and  well-behaved  are 
all  the  horses  in  passing  along  the  narrow 
track  on  the  top  of  the  flume.  They  all 
seem  to  know  that  it  is  better  to  keep  to 
the  track  than  to  jump  off,  and  in  this  they 
exhibit  good  "  horse  sense."  In  passing, 
we  may  say  of 

The  Dam, 
That  it  is  probably  the  largest  and  most 
substantial  in  the  State.  It  is  constructed 
of  14-inch  square  timbers,  cribbed — first,  a 
tier  down  the  river,  then  one  across  and 
thus  alternating  to  the  hight  of  26  feet. 
The  dam  is  200  feet  in  length  and  built 
arching  up  the  river.  The  cross-section  is 
triangular  with  the  longest  side  for  base. 
The  up-stream  side  of  the  dam  is  on  an 
angle  of  60  degrees,  and  the  down-stream 
side  on  an  angle  of  45  degrees  with  the 
perpendioular.  It  backs  the  water  up  the 
river  bed  for  about  one  mile,  and  in  its 
construction  there  was  used  about  400,000 
feet  of  timber. 

The  Flume 
Is  12  feet  wide,  four  feet  four  inches  high 
and  threePfourths  of  a  mile  in  length.  For 
this  whole  distance  it  is  set  upon  a  trestle- 
work  which  averages  12  feet  in  hight.  It 
ju»  capable  of  carrying  no  less  than  60,000 
gallons  of  water  per   minute.     After  the 


ore  comes  'down  over  the  narrow-gauge 
road  to  the  mill,  it  is  necessary  to  elevate 
it  from  the  track  to  the  hight  of  50  feet, 
to  bring  it  to  the  proper  hight  above  the 
batteries.  This  is  done  by  means  of  an 
Inclined  Tramway. 

Up  this  tramway  the  cars  are  hauled 
three  at  a  time.  It  is  250  feet  in  length, 
and  the  cars  are  hauled  up  by  means  of  a 
steel  wire  rope  seven-eighths  of  an  inch 
in  diameter  and  370  feet  in  length.  This 
cable  is  reeled  around  a  hoisting  drum 
which  is  situated  at  the  extreme  end  of 
the  ore-house  on  the  top  of  the  mill.  In 
planning  this  hoisting  arrangement  Mr. 
Fountain  had  several  difficulties  to  over- 
come, and  he  has  done  it  very  cleverly. 
To  make  this  understood  we  may  say  that, 
where  the  rope  enters  the  mill,  it  has  to 
change  its  direction  in  two  different  ways. 
This  is  done  by  a  series  of  pulleys,  one 
succeeding  another  to  the  number  of  six. 
These  pulleys  had  to  be  so  constructed 
so  as  to  allow  the  cars  to  pass  over  them, 
and  at  the  same  time  allow  the  rope  to  be 
perfectly  free  from  them  'before  the  cars 
reach  them,  and  to  receive  it  again  when 
the  cars  have  passed  them  on  the  down 
trip.  When  the  cars  have  been  hauled 
up  to  the 

Ore  House 
They  are  dumped  by  removing  a  catch  which 
throws  open  a  door  in  the  bottom  and  the 
ore  drops  upon  an  inclined  screen  con- 
structed of  1)4  inches  round  iron  bars,  set 
about  2%  inches  apart.  This  screen  al- 
lows the  rock,  which  is  suitable  to  enter 
the  mortars,  without  breaking,  to  drop 
between  the  bars  and  in  a  convenient  po- 
sition in  front  of  the  batteries.  The  rock 
Which  is  too  large  to  go  through  the  screen 
is  deposited  by  the  side  of  the  rock- 
breaker,  and  after  being  put  through  it 
drops  in  front  of 

The  Batteries. 

In  all  there  are  in  the  mill  sixty  stamps, 
weighing  940  pounds  each.  They  are  so 
arranged  that  there  are  five  stamps  to  each 
mortar.  The  stamps  drop  ninety  times 
per  minute  and  each  series  of  five  stamps 
is  run  by  an  independent  belt  and  regula- 
ted by  an  independent  tightener.  The 
faces  of  the  cams  are  all  of  chilled  iron, 
and  all  connected  with  the  batteries  is  of 
the  most  substantial  and  approved  charac- 
ter. Below  the  batteries  are  placed 
The  Tanks. 

Of  these  there  are  sixteen  of  a  large  size  for 
use  in  settling  the  sand  and  slum.  The 
final  discharge  from  the  series  of  tanks  is 
of  water  almost  as  clear  as  that  entering 
the  batteries.  The  sand  tanks  are  located 
in  two  rows  through  the  centre  of  the  pah- 
room,  at  right  angles  to  the  batteries,  and 
the  slum  tanks  are  at  the  extreme  end  of 
the  mill,  parallel  with  the  stamps. 

Pans,  Settlers,  etc. 

There  are  in  the  mill  24  pans  for  grind- 
ing the  sand,  placed  in  two  rows  of  12 
each  on  either  side  of  the  tanks.  The 
capacity  of  the  pans  is  eight  tons  each, 
every  24  hours,  and  they  are  run  at  the 
rate  of  95  revolutions  per  minute.  There  are 
6  settlers,  each  9  feet  in  diameter,  to  each 
row  of  pans  ;  also  two  "  agitators  "  and  a 
clean-up  pan.  The  slum  tanks  are  built  so 
as  to  be  self-discharging.  They  discharge 
the  slum  through  gates  constructed  for  the 
purpose  and  attached  to  the  outstde  of  the 
tanks  at  the  bottom.  The  slum  after  being 
amalgamated,  passes  out  into  the  slum  set- 
tlers, two  in  number,  and  thence  down  into 
the  agitators  and  out  of  the  mill,  where,  to- 
gether with  the  sand,  it  is  colleoted  in  an 
immense  reservoir  for  future  working. 
This  reservoir  is  situated  on  the  flat  below 
the  mill,  and  is  capable  of  holding  no  less 
than  860,000  tons. 

The  Water  Wheel. 

The  whole  immense  mass  of  machinery 
of  which  we  have  been  speaking  is  driven 
by  a  Leffel  turbine  wheel,  but  52  inohesin 
diameter.  The  fall  of  the  water  is  36  feet, 
and  under  this  head  the  wheel  takes 
through  it  6,800  cubic  feet  per  minute, 
giving  out  over  400-horse  power.  The 
wheel  is  put  in  in  a  manner  never  before 
attempted.  Instead  of  being  fastened  to 
the  bottom  of  the  penstook,  as  is  generally 
the  case,  thereby  making  it  necessary  to 
transmit  the  power  at  right  angles  by 
means  of  bevel  gearing,  (which  occasions 
an  immense  amount  of  friction  and  an  oc- 
casional breakage  of  gearing,)  this  wheel 
is  bolted  direotly  to  the  side  of  the  pen- 
stock so  that  the  main  shaft  runs  horizont- ' 
ally  through  the  opposite  side  of  the  pen- 
stock and  carries  the  two  main  driving 
pulleys.  These  pulleys  are  ten  feet  in  di- 
ameter, and  run  at  the  rate  of  155  revolu- 
tions per  minute.  Over  these  pulleys  run 
belts  30  inches  in  width,  which  transmit 
the  power  each  way  to  the  line  shaft,  un- 
der  each    row    of    pans.      After    passing 


through  the  wheel  the  water  is  discharged 
through  the  side  of  the  penstock  and  down 
through  a  large  petticoat  made  of  boiler 
iron,  and  in  the  shape  of  an  elbow,  into 
the  tail-race  below,  whence  it  returns  to 
the  river.  This  tail-race  is  800  feet  in 
length,  and  of  an  average  depth  of  10  feet, 
and  a  width  of  12  feet.  Through  its  whole 
length  there  are  stone  walls  on  both  sides. 
By  extending  the  tail-race  to  the  distance 
named,  the  water  is  discharged  considera- 
bly below  the  level  of  that  in  the  river  op 
posite  the  mill,  and  about  two  feet  fall  is 
gained. 

Heating  and  Retorting. 
Under  the  roo{  of  a  wing  of  the  main 
building  is  placed  a  large  steam  boiler, 
where  the  water  used  in  the  pans  is  heat- 
ed, and  here  also  is  the  retorting  furnace, 
where  all  the  amalgam  is  retorted.  Above 
the  whole  building  is  an  immense  water- 
tank,  kept  full  by  means  of  a  powerful 
force  pump,  and  from  this  comes  the  sup- 
ply of  water  used  in  the  batteries  and  the 
whole  lower  part  of  the  mill.  A  building, 
situated  a  short  distance  from  the  mill, 
has  been  erected  solely  for  the  purpose  of 
storing  kerosene  and  other  oils,  and  for 
cleaning  and  filling  lamps.  Thus  is  avoid- 
ed one  great  source  of  danger  to  all  mills! 
About  the  whole  of  the  works  there  is 
nothing  that  has  not  been  thought  of  and 
provided  for,  and  in  looking  at  all  th,at  has' 
been  done  one  cannot  but  admire  the 
genius  of  those  who  have  planned  and  ex- 
ecuted all.  Although  our  article  in  regard 
to  these  immense  works  has  extended  to  a 
great  length,  we  find  that  we  have  left  out 
many  things  worthy  of  mention  and  but 
little  less  interesting  than  what  has  been 
described. —  Virginia  Enterprise^  Api'ilSth. 

Water  Rights* 

The  following  are  the  provisions  of  the  Code 
relating  to  water  rights,  and  the  Act  to  put  the 
same  into  effect  approved  March  27,  1872 : 

Sec.  1410.  The  right  to  the  use  of  running 
water  flowing  in  a  river  or  stream  or  down 
a  caiion  or  ravine  maybeacquiredby  appropria- 
tion. 

Sec.  1411.  The  appropriation  must  be  for 
some  useful  or  beneficial  purpose,  and  when 
the  appropriator  or  his  successor  in  interest 
ceases  to  use  it  for  such  a  purpose,  the  right 
ceases. 

Sec.  1412.  The  person  entitled  to  the  use 
may  change  the  place  of  diversion  if  others  are 
not  injured  by  the  change,  and  may  extend  the 
ditch  flume,  pipe,  or  aqueduct  by  which  the 
diversion  is  made  to  places  beyond  that  where 
the  first  use  was  made. 

Sec.  1413.  The  water  appropriated  may  be 
turned  into  the  channel  of  another  stream  and 
mingled  with  its  water  and  then  reclaimed,  but 
in  reclaiming  it  the  water  already  appropriated 
by  another  must  not  be  diminished. 

Sec.  1414.  As  between  appropriators,  the  one 
first  in  time  is  the  first  in  right. 

Sec.  1415.  A  person  desiring  to  appropriate 
water  must  post  a  notice,  in  writing,  in  a  con- 
spicuous place  at  the  point  of  intended  diver- 
sion, stating  therein: 

1.  That  he  claims  the  water  there  flowing  to 
the  extent  of  (giving  the  number)  inches, 
measured  under  a  four-inch  pressure. 

2.  The  purpose  for  which  he  claims  it,  and 
place  of  the  intended  use; 

3.  The  means  by  which  he  intends  to  divert 
it  and  the  size  of  the  flume,  ditch,  pipe  or 
aqueduct  in  which  he  intends  to  divert  it; 

A  copy  of  the  notice  must  within  ten  days 
after  it  is  posted  be  recorded  in  the  office 
of  the  Recorder  of  the  county  in  which  it  is 
posted. 

Sec.  1416.  "Within  twenty  days  after  the  no- 
tice is  posted,  the  claimant  must  commence  the 
excavation  or  construction  of  the  works  in 
which  he  intends  to  divert  the  water,  and  must 
prosecute  the  work  diligently  and  uninterrupt- 
edly to  completion,  unless  temporarily  inter- 
rupted by  snow  or  rain. 

Sec.  1417.  By  "completion"  is  meant  con- 
ducting the  waters  to  the  place  of  intended 
use. 

Sec.  1418.  By  a  compliance  with  the  above 
rules  the  claimant's  right  to  the  use  of  the 
water  relates  back  to  the  time  the  notice  was 
posted. 

Sec.  1419.  A  failure  to  comply  with  such 
rules  deprives  the  claimants  of  the  right  to  the 
use  of  the  water  as  against  a  subsequent  claim- 
ant who  complies  therewith. 

Sec.  1420.  Persons  who  have  heretofore 
claimed  the  right  to  water,  and  who  have  n'ot 
constructed  works  in  which  to  divert  it,  and 
who  have  not  diverted  or  applied  it  to  some 
useful  purpose,  must,  after  this  Title  takes 
effect,  and  within  twenty  days  thereafter,  pro- 
ceed as  in  this  Title  provided,  or  their  right 


Sec.  1421.  The  Recorder  of  each  county 
must  keep  a  book,  in  which  he  must  record 
the  notices  provided  for  in  this  Title. 

Sec.  1422.  The  rights  of  riparian  proprie- 
tors are  not  effected  by  the  provisions  of  this 
Title. 

An  Act  to  put  into  effect  the  provisions  of  the 
Civil  Code,  relative  to  water  rights. 

[Approved   March   27.  1872.] 
Sec.  1.  Title  VIII  of  Part  IV  of   Division 

Second  of  the  Civil  Code  of  the  State  of  Cali- 


fornia shall  be  in  full  force  and  effect  from  and 
after  the  first  day  of  May,  eighteen  hundred 
and  seventy-two. 

Sec.  2.  The  Revision  Commission  are  here- 
by authorized  to  cause  to  be  printed  and  certi- 
fied by  their  Chairman,  twelve  hundred  copies 
of  Tittle  VIII,  in  pamphlet  form,  and  to  dis- 
tribute them.to  the  members  of  the  Legislature 
and  county  officers  of  the  several  counties. 

Sec.  3.  This  act  shall  be  in  force  from  and 
after  its  passage. 

The  Use  of  Earthquakes. 

The  usefulness  of  earthquakes  was  a  favorite 
subject  with  the  late  Sir  John  Herschel.  "Were 
it  not  for  the  changes  in  the  earth's  crustwhich 
are  constantly  being  effected  by  the  action  of 
subterranean  forces,  of  which  the  earthquake 
is  the  most  active  manifestation,  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  action  of  the  sea  beating  upon 
the  land,  together  with  the  denuding  power  of 
rain,  would  inevitably  cover  the  entire  earth 
with  one  vast  ocean.  "Had  the  primitive  world 
been  constructed  as  it  now  exists,"  says  Sir 
John  Herschel,  "time  enough  has  elapsed,  and 
force  enough  directed  to  that  end  has  been  in 
activity,  to  have  long  ago  destroyed  every  ves- 
tige of  land."  Mr.  Proctor  shows  most  clearly 
the  beneficial  manner  in  which  the  restorative 
action  of  the  earth's  subterranean  forces  is  ar- 
ranged. Of  course,  every  upheavel  of  the  sur- 
face must  be  either  accompanied  or  followed  by 
a  depression  elsewhere.  "-  On  a  comparison  of 
the  various  effects,  it  has  been  found  that  the 
force  of  Upheaval  acts,  (on  the  whqle)  more 
powerfully  under  continents,  while  the  forces 
of  depression  act  most  powerfully  (on  the 
whole)  under  the  bed  of  the  ocean.  It  seems 
as  if  Nature  had  provided  against  the  inroads 
of  the  ocean  by  seating  the  earth's  upheaving 
forces  just  where  they  are  wanted." — Scknlifle 
American. 


A  New  Ditch  Enterprise. — Surveyor 
Keddie,  in  company  with  Col.  Rockwell, 
left  town  on  Thursday  last  for  the  purpose 
of  making  a  preliminary  survey  to  ascer- 
tain the  practicability  of  bringing  the  wa- 
ters of  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Feather 
through  the  low  gap  at  Willow  Ranch, 
near  Nelson  Point,  from  whence  the  ditch 
could  be  extended  so  as  to  cover  the  high- 
est points  of  the  Hungarian  Hill  country, 
and,  if  necessary,  to  furnish  water  to  sev- 
eral other  mining  localities.  It  is  thought 
by  those  who  have  studied  the  topog- 
raphy of  trie  country  that  it  will  only  be 
necessary  to  run  up  to  "the  Notch,"  a 
very  narrow  place  on  the  Middle  Fork, 
somewhere  in  the  vicinity  of  Poplar  Bar 
where  the  water  could  be  easily  taken  out 
and,  should  this  surmise  prove  correct, 
the  ditch  would  not  be  over  fifteen  miles 
in  length — not  a  very  formidable  enter- 
prise in  these  days  of  gigantic  mining 
undertakings.  We  shall  await  with  some 
interest  the  result  of  the  survey,  for  if 
successful,  it  would  open  up  an  immense 
field  of  paying  labor.  As  soon  as  the  sur- 
vey is  completed  we  shall  endeavor  to  give 
the  full  particulars. — Quincy  National. 

MineeaijOgicaii  Cabinet. — The  Commis- 
sioners, consisting  of  George  Cadwalader, 
George  Rowland  and  W.  R.  Waters,  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor,  under  Act  of  the 
Legislature ,  to  examine  and  appraise  the 
cabinet  of  Dr.  J.  M.  Frey,  and  ascertain 
whether  the  same  is  worth  $13,000,  and  if 
sp  to  recommend  its  purchase  by  the  State, 
commenced  their  labors  last  week;  and  for 
the  purpose  of  being  better  informed  as  to 
the  full  value  of  said  cabinet,  examined  a 
number  of  mineralogists  and  scientific 
men,  both  here  and  abroad,  who  have  seen 
this  cabinet,  as  to  the  value  thereof.  They 
recommend  its  purchase.  The  collection 
includes  minerals  and  precious  stones  col- 
lected in  Europe,  as  well  as  a  remarkably 
complete  cabinet  from  California,  Arizona, 
Mexico,  Utah,  Oregon,  Idaho,  Montana, 
etc.  One  of  the  specimens  alone  of  crys- 
tallized gold,  was  estimated  to  be  worth 
$1,000,  and  the  whole  are  deserving  of 
being  the  property  of  the  State,  and  to 
serve  as  the  nucleus  of  -a  grand  collection. 

Smotheeing  a  Burning  Mine. — Some  months 
ago  a  coal  mine  at  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa.,  caught 
fire.'  The  ordinary  appliances  for  extinguishing 
such  fires  failing,  the  company  has  adopted  the 
plan  of  a  chemist,  who  has  undertaken  to  extin- 
guish it  with  ammoniacal  gas.  The  entrance  to 
the  mine  has  been  closed  up,  and  in  front  of  it 
works  have  been  constructed  for  generating  the 
gas  and  forcing  it  into  the  mines.  Two  barrels 
of  sal-ammoniac  per  day  are  used,  and  it  is  be- 
lieved that  the  experiment  will  be  a  complete  suc- 
cess, and  that  in  a  very  short  time  the  fire  will 
be  completely  extinct.  Such  success  will  be 
most  important,  in  future  cases  of  fire  in  coid 
mines;  for  there  are  cases  where  the  fire  has 
lasted  for  marly  years,  as  in  the  mine  at  Summit 
Hill.— Ex. 

Education,  to  accomplish  the  ends  of  good 
government,  should  be  universally  diffused. 
Open  the  doors  of  the  school-house  to  all  the 
children  in  the  land.  Let  no  mau  have  the  ex- 
cuse of  poverty  for  not  educating  his  offspring. 
Place  the  means  of  education  within  his  reach, 
and  if  he  remains  in  ignorance,  be  it  his  own 
reproach. ' 


April  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


263 


IJSEfJL     lfJfOF^!\TION. 


How  to  Varnish  In  Cold  Weather. 

When  varnish  in  laid  011  a  piece  of  cold  furni- 
ture or  a  cold  carriage-body,  even  after  it  has 
been  sproad  evenly  and  with  dispatch,  it  will 
■ometnnflri  "  crawl,"  and  rull  this  way  and  that 
way  as  if  it  wore  u  liquid  jKiasessing  vitality  and 
thu  power  of  locomotion.  It  is  Humetimea  ut- 
terly impossible  to  varnish  an  article  at  all  sat- 
isfactorily duriug  cold  weather  and  in  a  cold 
department.  In  cold  and  damp  weather,  a  car- 
riage, chair  or  any  other  article  to  be  varnished, 
should  be  kept  in  a  dean  and  warm  apartment 
where  there  is  no  dust  Hying,  until  the  entire 
wood-Work  and  iron-work  havo  been  warmed 
through  and  through,  to  a  temperature  equal  to 
that  of  summer  heat— say  eighty  degrees.  That 
temperature  should  Imj  maintained  day  and 
night.  If  a  fire  is  kept  for  only  eight  or  ten 
hours  during  the  day,  the  furniture  will  bo 
cold  even  in  a  warm  paint-room.  Before  any 
varnish  is  applied,  some  parts  of  the  .surface 
which  may  have  been  handled  frequently, 
should  06  rubbed  with  a  woolen  cloth  dipped 
in  spirits  of  turpentine,  so  as  to  remove  any 
greasy,  oleaginous  matter  which  may  have  ac- 
cumulated. Table-beds,  backs  of  chairs,  and 
fronts  of  bureau  drawers,  are  sometimes  so 
thoroughly  glazed  over  that  varnish  will  not 
adhere  to  the  surface,  anymore  thiui  water  will 
be  smoothly  on  recently  painted  casings.  The 
varnish  Hhouhl  also  be  warm-Miot  hot — and  it 
should  be  spread  quickly  and  evenly.  As  soon 
as  it  flows  from  the  brush  and  spreads  evenly, 
and  beforo  it  commences  to  set,  let  the  rubbing 
or  brushing  cease.  One  can  always  do  a  bettor 
job  by  laying  on  a  coat  of  medium  heaviness, 
rather  than  a  very  light  coat  or  a  covering  so 
heavy  that  tho  varnish  will  hang  down  in 
ridges.  Varnish  must  be  of  tho  proper  con- 
sistency in  order  to  n\>w  just  right  and  to  set 
with  a  smooth  surface.  If  it  is  either  too  thick 
or  too  thin  one  cannot  do  a  neat  job. 

Insect  Wonders. 

The  recent  very  general  introduction  of  the 
iiiieroscopo  is  adding  largely  to  the  number  of 
explorers  into  the  nwttttiac  of  Nature,  and  new 
and  interesting  facts  are  constantly  being 
brought  to  light,  especially  in  the  insect  world. 
We  have  hero  a  case  in  point,  which  if  not  ab- 
solutely new,  will  certainly  be  both  new  and 
interesting  to  most  of  our  readers.  We  copy 
from  the  PupUs*  Gazette — ; 

A  few  days  ago,  while  we  sat  down  under  a 
wide  spreading  oak,  to  enjoy  its  cool  shades, 
and  Boon  were  much  interested  in  watching  the 
process  of  the  "Measuring  Worm,"  with  which 
the  bushes  and  trees  were  covered. 

Every  few  minutes  one  would  suddenly  drop 
from  a  leaf  above,  letting  itself  down  by  a  fine 
silken  wob,  or  thread;  but  would,  invariably, 
after  exploring  a  little  on  tho  gTound,  return,' 
by  its  thread,  to  the  same  leaf,  drawing  itself 
up  by  it. 

After  seeing  this  performed  by  a  number  of 
them,  and  noticing  that  they  left  the  coiled  web 
on  the  leaf,  we  examined  it  with  a  strong  mag- 
nifying glass,  and  found  by  getting  hold  of  the 
two  ends,  we  could  pull  it  all  out  into  one 
straight  thread.  We  then  examined  and  unrav- 
eled another,  and  found  it  to  be  looped  up  into 
a  perfect  chain  stitch,  precisely  such  as  is  made 
by  a  siugle  thread  sewing  maohine. 

This  led  us  to  watch  with  our  glass,  the  pro- 
cess of  this  wonderful  mechanic  in  drawing  it- 
self up.  It  would  catch  the  thread  with  its 
feet,  then  stretch  up  its  head,  catching  the 
thread  still  higher  up,  pulling  itself  up,  form- 
ing a  slack;  then  with  its  feet,  put  through  a 
loop,  which  it  would  hold  with  one  of  its  nu- 
merous feet,  till  it  again  grasped  the  thread 
above,  pulled  itself  up  again,  looping  up  its 
thread,  till  it  returned  to  the  leaf  to  which  it 
was  attached.  It  then  deposited  the  coil  and 
left  tor  other  parts. 

How  wonderful  and  how  perfect  are  all  the 
works  of  nature.  Even  the  worm  teaches  us, 
and  many  animals,  birds  and  tiny  insects  man- 
ifest more  Bkill  than  is  ever  attained  by  the 
most  skillful  human  mind. 


Oil  Among  the  Ancients. 

The  ancients  knew  no  method  of  refining  oil. 
As  a  great  luxury,  they  mixed  it  with  perfumes, 
such  as  essence  of  roses  and  sandal  wood;  but 
this  rather  detracted  from  than  added  to  the 
burning  properties  of  the  liquid,  and  nil  that 
was  obtained  by  the  process  was  an  increase  ox 
fragrance  and  a  diminution  of  light.  Tho 
dwellings  of  wealthy  men  who  expended  ex- 
travagant soma  upon  scented  oils  would  not 
have  borne  comparison  in  point  of  lighting 
with  the  grimiest  top-rodin  of  a  gas-lit  public 
house.  The  gold  and  Hilver  lamps,  hung  by 
slender,  well  wrought  chains  to  marble  pilas- 
ters, only  yielded  at  their  best  a  lurid  tapering 
flame,  that  gave  out  an  enormous  deal  of 
smoke,  fluttered  in  the  slight  breeze,  and  went 
out  altogether  at  a  gust  of  wind.  Neither  was 
it  possible  to  steady  tho  light  by  closing  tho  ap- 
ertures through  which  tho  air  came;  for,  had 
Boman  or  Grecian  houses  been  possessed  of 
glass  windows,  they  would  soon  have  become 
uninhabitable. 

The  fresco  paintings  of  Pompeiian  villas,  the 
delicate  ooji  >rs  on  tho  walls  of  urban  palaces, 
would  in  less  than  a  month  have  boon  hope- 
lessly coated  with  lamp  soot.  At  tho  end  of  an 
hour's  conference  of  an  evening,  a  paity  of 
noble- Humans  wonld  have  resembled  a  congre- 
gation of  chimney-sweeps,  A  tunic-dyed  in 
Tyriau  purple  would  have  acquired  a  mourn- 
ing hue  in  no  time. — All  tlw  Year  Hound. 


Qood  He\ltH- 


Transmission  or  Sound. — The  transmission 
of  sound  through  solid  metallic  tubes  is  so  per- 
fect that  conversation  has  been  maintained  in  a 
low  tone  between  the  ends  of  one  of  the  Paris 
water  pipes,  3,120  feet  long.  The  velocity  of 
the  transmission  of  sound  is  greater,  by  four  to 
sixteen  times,  in  metal,  than  air,  and  in  wood, 
as  computed  by  Chaldini,  from  ten  to  sixteen 
times  greater,  "which  is  not  commonly  known. 
Rock  conveys  sound  so  much  faster  than  air 
that  the  ear,  applied  to  a  stratum  of  rock  in 
which  blasting  is  being  done  at  a  distance,  will 
perceive  two  distinct  reports;  that  conveyed 
through  the  rock  first,  and.  afterward  tho  ordin- 
ary report  in  the  atmosphere.  It  has  been 
found  that  the  velocity  is  also  proportioned  to 
the  loudness  of  the  report,  other  things  being 
equal.  With  2,000  pounds  of  powder  a  report 
traveled  967  feet  in  a  second;  with  12,000 
pounds,  1,210  feet. 

New  Z  e aland  Wood. — There  are  many  woods 
in  the  Islands  of  New  Zealand  well  suited  to 
the  highest  productions  of  the  cabinet  maker. 
Amongst  others  is  one  called  by  the  natives, 
Tolerec.  It  is  of  a  peculiar  knotted  grain  of 
singular  beauty,  and  varied  in  its  character  in  a 
remarkable  manner.  The  color  is  no  less  rich 
and  effective  than  the  grain,  and  this  wood  be- 
sides being  ornamental  in  the  highest  degree  is 
also  easily  worked  and  very  durable. 


Soap  Powders;  Washing  Powders,  Dry 
Soaps,  Etc. — Under  these  and  similar  names, 
u  vast  varioty  of  articles  are  now  offered  for 
sale  which  are  said  to  possess  wonderful  deter- 
gent powers.  They  aro  all  "  old  friends  with  a 
new  face,"  consisting  of  soap,  soda,  either 
caustic  or  carbonated,  and  in  some  cases,  am- 
monia. The  dry  soap  is  not,  as  its  name  would 
imply,  an  ordinary  soap  simply  freed  from  the 
quantity  of  water  with  which  it  is  ordinarily 
accompanied.  It  consists  of  a  palm-oil  soap, 
saponified  in  the  usual  manner  with  caustic 
soda,  and  freed  from  moisture  by  treatment  with 
strong  brine.  In  this  manner  it  is  rendered  so 
hard  and  dry  that  it  is  capable  of  being  ground 
to  powder.  It  is  then  mixed  up  with  caustic 
and  carbonated  soda  in  various  proportions,  ac- 
cording to  the  fancy  of  the  manufacturer. 
Washing  pastes  are  caustic  soda  lye,  thickened 
with  farina.  Extract  of  soap  is  simply  carbo- 
nate of  soda,  reduced  to  a  fine  powder  without 
expelling  its  water  of  crystallization,  and  mix- 
ed with  a  little  soap  and  palm-oil.  The  value 
of  these  articles  may  bo  easily  determined  by 
an  ordinary  alkalimetrical  operation. 

Sulphate  of  Quinine  Better  than  Carbolic 
Acid. — Solutions  of  gum  arabic  and  paste 
made  from  flour  soon  mould  and  sour,  and 
finally  lose  their  adhesive  property.  To  pre- 
vent this,  carbolic  acid  has  been  used;  but  the 
odor  of  the  preventive  issoexceedinglyunpleas- 
ant  that  it  is  seldom  used.  It  is  said  that  sul- 
phate of  quinine  is  equally  as  effective,  while  it 
imparts  no  bad  odor  of  its  own;  and  by  anal- 
ogy it  is  safe  to  suppose  that  the  same  salt 
could  be  used  to  equal  advantage  in  writing 
ink,  mucilage  and  glue. 

Chemical  Changes. — The  addition  of  an 
atom  of  water  to  starch  converts  it  into  sugar; 
the  substruction  of  an  atom  from  alcohol  con- 
verts it  into  ether.  But  perhaps  the  most  curi- 
ous change  produced  .by  the  removal  of  an 
atom  of  water  from  a  body  has  been  recently 
discovered  by  Dr.  Matthieson,  of  London. 
Morphia,  the  well-known  active  principle  of 
opium,  is  commonly  used  to  allay  vomiting, 
and  very  often  performs  the  duty  Yery  effectu- 
ally. But  when  morphia  has  been  heated  with 
hydrochloric  acid,  and  an  atom  of  water  has 
been  thereby  removed,  it  is  changed  into  the 
most.active  emetic  known.  It  is  not  necessary 
to  swallow  it  to  produce  the  effect;  a  very  small 
quantity  introduced  under  the  skin,  or  even,  it 
seems,  spilt  upon  the  hand,  is  quite  sufficient 
to  produce  vomiting,  which,  however,  soon 
subsides,  and  leaves  no  nausea  afterwards. 

Willow  Wood. — In  England  there  is  no  wood 
in  greater  demand  than  sound  willow;  it  is 
light,  smooth,  soft,  tough,  will  take  a  good  pol- 
ish, and  does  not  easily  burn.  It  will  bear 
more  pounding  and  hard  knocks  without  splint- 
er or  injury  than  any  known  wood,  and  hence 
it  is  used  for  cricket  bats,  and,  whenever  it  can 
be  obtained,  for  the  floats  of  paddle  steamers, 
"  strouds"  of  water  wheels,  brake-blocks  for 
luggage  and  coal  trucks,  the  sides  and  bottoms 
of  carts  and  barrows,  where  wear  and  tear  are 
greatest.  To  the  wood-turner  it  is  invaluable, 
and  were  it  grown  as  timber,  and  obtainable,  it 
would  be  used  for  very  many  purposes  to 
which  foreign  timber  is  now  applied,  and  that, 
too,  with  considerable  advantage  both  to  pro- 
ducer and  consumer. — Cabinet  Maker. 


Open   Windows  at  Night. 

Very  much  has  been  written  on  this  "subject, 
and  written  unwisely;  the  facts  are  that  who- 
ever sleeps  uncomfortably  cool  will  get  sick. 
To  hoist  a  window  sky-high  wheu  the  morcury 
is  at  zero  is  an  absurdity.  The  cooler  a  sleep- 
ing apartment  is,  the  more  unhealthy  it  be- 
comes, because  cold  condenses  the  carbonic 
acid  formed  by  the  breathing  of  tho  sleeper. 
It  settles  near  the  floor  and  is  rebreathed. 
Hence,  we  must  be  governed  by  circumstances; 
the  first  thing  is,  you  must  be  comfortably 
warm  during  sleep,  otherwise  you  are  not  re- 
freshed, iind  inflammation  of  the  lungs  may  be 
produced,  and  life  destroyed  within  a  few  days. 
An  open  door  and  an  open  fire-place  are  suffi- 
cient for  ordinary  purposes  in  cold  weather. 

When  outer  windows  are  opened,  it  is  well  to 
havo  them  down  at  the  top  two  or  three  inches 
and  up  at  the  bottom  for  the  same  space.  In 
miasmatic  locations — and  those  are  along 
water  courses,  beside  mill-ponds,  marsheB,  bay- 
ous, river  bottoms,  flat  lands,  and  the  like — it 
is  important,  from  the  first  of  August  until 
several  severe  frosts  have  been  noticed,  to 
sleep  with  all  external  doors  and  windows 
closed,  because  the  cool  air  of  sunset  causes  the 
condensation  of  tho  emanations  which  were 
cuusedjby  the  heat  of  the  noon  day  sun  to  rise 
far  above  tho  earth;  this  condensation  makes 
the  air  "heavy'*  at  sundown,  made  heavy  by  the 
greater  solidification  of  the  emanations  by  cold; 
and  resting  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  in  their 
more  concentrated  and  malignant  form,  thoy 
are  breathed  into  the  lungs,  and  swallowed  into 
the  stomach,  corrupting  and  poisoning  the 
blood  with  great  rapidity. 

By  daylight  these  condensations  are  made  so 
compact  by  the  protracted  coolness  of  the 
night,  that  they  are  too  near  the  surface  of  the 
earth  to  be  breathed  into  the  system;  but  as 
the  sun  begins  to  ascend,  these  heavy  conden- 
sations, miasmas,  begin  to  rise  again  to  the 
hight  of  several  feet  above  the  ground,  and  are 
freely  taken  into  the  system  by  every  breath 
and  swallow;  hence  the  hours  of  sunrise  and 
sunset  are  the  most  unhealthful  of  the  twenty- 
four  in  the  localities  named;  and  noontide, 
when  the  sun  is  hottest,  is  the  most  healthy 
portion  of  the  day,  because  the  miasma  is  so 
much  rarefied  that  it  ascends  rapidly  to  the 
upper  regions. 

The  general  lessons  are,  1st.  Avoid  exposure 
to  the  out-door  air  in  miasmatio  localities  for 
the  hours  including  sunrise  and  sunset,  2d. 
Have  a  blazing  fire  on  the  hearth  of  the  family 
room  at  those  hours,  to  rarify  and  send  the 
miasma  upwards.  3d.  Take  breakfast  before 
going  out  of  doors  in  the  morning,  and  take 
tea  before  sundown;  then  being  out  after  night 
is  not  injurious. 

Exposed  Aems. — A  very  distinguished  Paris 
physician  says  :  "  I  believe  that,  during  the 
twenty  years  that  I  have  practiced  my  profes- 
sion, twenty  thousand  children  have  been  car- 
ried to  the  cemetaries,  a  sacrifice  to  the  absurd 
custom  of  exposing  their  arms.  Put  the  bulb 
of  a  thermometer  into  a  baby's  mouth  and  the 
mercury  rises  to  ninety  degrees.  Now  carry  the 
same  to  its  little  hand ;  if  the  arm  be  bare  and 
even  cool,  the  mercury  will  sink  to  fifty  de- 
grees. Of  course,  all  the  blood  that  flows 
through  these  arms  must  fall  from  ten  to  forty 
degrees  below  the  temperature  of  the  heart. 
Need  I  say,  when  these  currents  of  the  blood 
flow  back  to  the  chest,  the  child's  vitality  must 
be  more  are  less  compromised  ?  And  need  I 
add  that  we  ought  not  to  be  surprised  at  the  fre- 
quent recurring  affections  of  the  tongue,  throat, 
or  stomach  ?  I  have  seen  more  than  one  child, 
with  habitual  cough  or  hoarsness,  entirely  re- 
lieved by  simply  keeping  the  hands  and  arms 
warm." 


How  to  Prevent  Spring  Diseases. 

From  Dr.  Hall's  new  work,  "Health  by 
Good  laving,"  we  extract  the  following  valua- 
hint  :  It  is  an  indisputable,  physiological  truth 
that  if  the  instincts  of  nature  were  yielded  to 
in  the  Spring  |  were  cherished  in  her  desire  to 
and  less  food  us  the  weather  grows 
warmer,  as  they  are  yielded  in  the  autnuiu  in 
taking  more,  a  very  targe  amount  of  the  dis- 
ease of  spring  ami  summer  would  be  avoided. 
The  great  practical  lesson  to  }><•  learned  in  ref- 
arenee  bD  the  subject,  a  question  of  health  and 
disease,  yes.  111  multitudes  "f  cases,  a  question 
of  lift  and  death,  simply  this  :  As  the  winter 
passes,  ami  the  balmy  spring  time  comes  On,  do 
nothing  to  increase  the  appetite  ;  eat  no  more 

than  is  railed  for  ;  do  not  be  uneasy  because 
yon  have  little  or  no  relish  for  your  food  ;  eat 
less  and  less  every  day.      The  very  Best  way   to 

increase  your  pleasure  of  eating  is  to  change 

the  quality  of  food;  use  articles  less  carbona- 
ceous, less  warming  ;  send  from  your  table  the 
pork  and  bacou,  and  fat  meats,  oils,  and  sugars, 
starches  and  sago,  and  the  tapioca  pudding,  ami 
the  dumpling,  and  the  rich  pastries  ;  get  hold 
of  the  curly  "  greens, "  the  wpiuach,  the  salads, 
the  turnip-top,  the  railish,  the  early  berry  and 
the  daily  fruit,  and  lean  meats  ;  pay   increasing 

attention  to  the  cleanliness  of  the  Hkin  ;  be 
more  in  the  air;  sleep  in  better  ventilated 
rooms  ;  let  your  windows  be  raised  high  at 
night,  your  inner  door  be  left  wide  open. 

Summer  Clothing. — For  all  persons,  especi- 
ally invalids,  and  those  who  take  cold  easily,  a 
thin  material  of  woolen  gauze  next  to  the  skin 
is  safest  and  best,  because — 

First,  it  is  a  non-conductor,  carries  heat  from 
tho  body  more  slowly  than  cotton,  linen  or 
silk;  all  colds  are  caused  by  the  body  becoming 
colder  than  natural,  especially  if  it  is  made 
colder  rapidly,  and  woolen  material  next  the 
skin  is  the  best  thing  known  to  prevent  this 
rapid  cooling,  especially  after  exercise  which 
has  caused  perspiration,  and  does  not  cause 
that  disagreeable  sepulchral  dampness  which 
wet  linen  does  when  it  comes  in  contact  with 
the  skin. 

The  warmer  the  weather  the  more  need  for 
woolen  next  the  skin;  hence  British  sailors  are 
required  to  wear  woolen  next  their  skin  in 
tropical  latitudes,  in  summer,  as  the  best  ob- 
served precaution  against  disease. 

All  garments  worn  next  to  the  fskin  during 
the  day  should  be  removed  at  night  and  spread 
out  for  thorough  airing  and  drying. 

Cotton  is  the  best  material  to  be  worn  next 
the  skin  at  night.  All  changes  from  a  heavier 
to  a  lighter  clothing  in  summer,  should  be  made 
by  putting  on  the  lighter  clothing  at  the  first 
dressing  in  the  morning. 

It  is  greatly  safer  for  children,  for  invalids, 
and  for  old  persons,  to  have  too  much  clothing 
than  too  little. 


Liquid  Blue. — Take  half  a  pound  of  the  best 
double  oil  of  vitriol,  mix  one  ounce  of  Spanish 
indigo  pounded  very  fine,  scrape  in  a  little 
chalk;  havo  an  iron  pot  half  full  of  sand;  set  this 
on  the  fire  when  the  sand  is  hot,  put  the  bottle  in, 
and  let  the  vitriol,  etc.,  boil  gently  for  a  quar- 
ter of  an  hour;  take  the  whole  off  the  fire,  and 
let  it  stand  for  twenty-four  hours,  and  then 
bottle  it  for  use. 


Polishing  Oak. — Slightly  oil  the  work  with 
linseed  oil,  and  then  rub  off ;  then  make  apaste 
of  whiting  and  parafin  oil,  colored  with  yellow 
ochre,  or  something  darker  if  necessary  for  the 
color  of  wood.  After  the  wood  is  well  filled  in 
with  this  paste,  ft  must  be  well  rubbed  off  clean, 
and  let  stand  two  or  three  hours  before  the 
polish  is  applied. 


Antidotes  fob  Poison. — Commercial  oil  of 
turpentine  is  a  good  antidote  to  poisoning  by 
phosphorus.  The  two  substances  form  a  com- 
pound in  the  stomach  resembling  spermaceti, 
and  this  can  readily  be  removed  from  the 
system. 

Laudanum  or  other  anodyne  is  sometimes 
taken  by  mistake  or  otherwise  in  excess.  Swal- 
low strong  coffee  or  the  whites  of  several  eggs 
instantly;  all  these  things  are  to  be  done  while 
the  doctor  is  coming.  Let  every  family  re- 
member that  sweet  oil,  the  whites  of  eggs  and 
strong  coffee  antagonize  a  larger  number  of 
poisons  than  perhaps  all  other  things  together. 

If  laudanum,  or  any  other  poison  not  burn- 
ing the  throat,  is  taken  and  is  promptly  dis- 
covered, the  best  plan  is  to  get  it  out  of  the 
stomach  instantly,  which  is  done  by  stirring  a 
tablespoonful  of  ground  mustard  in  a  tumbler 
of  water,  and  drinking  it  down  at  once;  almost 
before  it  is  down  the  whole  contents  of  the 
stomach  begin  to  be  ejected. 

Vegetable  Spobes  in  the  Blood.  —  Prof. 
Richardson,  of  Philadelphia,  several  years  ago, 
in  the  course  of  his  experiments  to  determine 
whether  bacteria  (vegetable  spores)  pass  from 
the  stomach  into  the  blood,  swallowed  4  ounces 
of  water  which  contained,  according  to  his  es- 
timate, 27,000,000,000  of  these  minute  organ- 
isms. In  half  an  hour  he  discovered  them  in 
abundance  in  a  drop  of  blood  taken  from  the 
end  of  his  finger.  To  swallow  at  a  single  gulp 
twenty  times  as  many  vegetable  spores  as  there 
are  human  inhabitants  on  the  earth,  is  but  a 
small  exploit  for  a  modern  scientist. 


Fat  People. — Not  long  ago,  a  gentleman  of 
threescore,  who  had  scarcely  ever  been  sick  in 
his  life,  thought  he  was  too  fleshy  and  began  to 
Bantamize.  He  succeeded  famously,  and  boast- 
ed to  his  friends  that  he  had  got  rid  of  ten 
pounds  in  a  few  weeks.  A  little  later  he  was 
attacked  with  a  painful  and  dangerous  malady, 
from  which  he  has  been  suffering  more  than  a 
year. 

If  a  man  can  sleep  soundly,  has  a  g3od  appe- 
tite, with  no  unpleasant  reminders  after  meals, 
the  bodily  habits  being  regular  every  day,  he 
had  better  leave  himself  alone,  whether  he  is  big 
as  a  hogshead  or  as  thin  and  dry  as  a  fence  rail. 

Several  cases  of  Blight's  disease  have  been 
reported  by  medical  men  of  reputation  as  a  di-  - 
rect  result  of  practicing  Bantam's  plan  for  get- 
ting lean.  The  very  best  and  safest  way  to  get 
rid  of  fat  is  to  work  it  off.  This  may  be  aided 
by  eating  food  which  contains  a  large  amount  of 
nitrogen  and  a  small  amount  of  carbon. 

Nitrogen  food  is  that  which  gives  strength, 
power  to  work,  as  lean  meats;  carbonaceous 
foods  are  those  which  make  fat,  such  as  cheese, 
potatoes,  rice,  corn,  peas,  beans,  tapioca,  ar- 
rowroot, cornstarch,  milk,  sugar,  syrup,  and  all 
oily  and  fat  food.  Raw  fruit  and  berries  large- 
ly eaten  are  great  aids  to  reducing  weight. 

But,  after  all,  the  great  reliance  should  be  on 
exercise  and  work  in  the  open  air.  Barclay, 
the  great  English  pedestrian,  who  performed 
greater  feats  than  Weston,  lost  ten  pounds  in 
two  or  three  days'  walking,  and  was  never  the 
worse  for  it. — Hall's  Journal  of  Health. 

New  Pbesebvative  Fluid.— The  following 
are  the  ingredients  of  a  liquid  by  means  of 
which  the  organs  of  the  body  that  have  become 
absolutely  offensive,  from  decay,  maybe  treated 
so  that  they  can  be  examined  for  marks  of  in- 
jury or  Bigns  of  disease.  The  fluid  consists  of 
a  mixture  of  iodine  one  drachm,  methylated 
ether  (of  specific  gravity  .720)  ten  fluid  ounces, 
absolute  alcohol  one  fluid  ounce,  and  strong 
sulphuric  acid  four  fluid  drachms.  The  action 
of  the  solution  seems  to  be  that  the  iodine 
deodorizes,  while  the  sulphuric  acid  engages  the 
water  and  the  alkaline  products  of  decomposi- 
tion and  produces  the  necessary  firmness  of 
structure.  The  ether  escapes,  being  simply  the 
fluid  dissolvent  for  the  other  agents. 

Liebig  on  Alcohol. — As  Professor  Liebig  is 
so  often  quoted  in  this  connection  in  favor  of 
drinking  alcoholic  beverages,  we  will  close  by 
by  adding  a  quotation  from  the  same  great 
chemist.  Says  he  :  "Of  spirits,  he  who  drinks 
them  draws  a  bill  on  his  health  which  must  al- 
ways be  renewed,  because,  for  want  of  means, 
he  cannot  take  it  up.  He  consumes  his  capital 
instead  of  his  interest,  and  the  result  is  the 
bankruptcy  of  the  body. 


264 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  27,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Seniob  Edetoe. 

DEWEY  «Sfc  CO.,  Pixblisliere. 

.  T.  DEWEY,  GEO.  H.  BTEONG, 

W.  B.  EWER,  JNO.  L.  BOONE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
■Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising Rateb. — lioeefc.   lmonth.    3  moncAa.   \year. 

Perline 25  .80  J2.00        $5.00 

One-hBlf  inch $1.00        $3.00  7.50         20.00 

Oneinch 2.00         5.00.         14.00         38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
t  n  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  epecial  rates. 

SuBSORiTTiONa  payable  In  advance — For  one  year,  $4; 
Bix  months,  $2.50;  three  months,  $1.25.  Olubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1  Js  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letterB. 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3s. ;  6  months,  12a.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  In- 
sertion, Is. :  subsequent  insertions,  each,  od.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 

@£trx  Francisoo; 

Saturday  Morning,  April  27,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates* 

San  Fbanoiboo,  Wednesday,  April  24,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying,  89  H ;  selling,  90  X .  Gold  in  New  York 
'o-doy,  111K. 

Table  of  Contents. 

EDITORIALS.— Sargent'e  Mineral  Land  Bill,  257.  Onr 
Home  Industries;  Our  National  Park,  264.  Lake 
Superior  Gold  Discoveries;  Mining  Stocks,  265.  An 
Invention  Wanted;  Mining  Sales,  268. 

ILLUSTRATIOS.— Boone's  Patent  Railroad  Tie,  267. 
Glass  Bearings;  Hendy's  Improved  Concentrator, 
265. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— The  Physical  Proper- 
ties of  Steel;  New  Stuffing  for  Cushions;  Band  Saws 
for  Cutting  Large  Timber;  Wrought  Iron  Ties,  259. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— Atmospheric  Influences  on 
Lunacy;  Piano  Playing;  The  Principle  of  the  LeaBt 
Action  in  Nature:  Moses,  and  Modern  Science;  Vari- 
eties of  Colors,  259. 

MINING  SUMMARY — ReportB  from  mines  in  various 
States,  CountieB  and  Districts:  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 
260-1. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— How  to  Varnish  in  Cold 
Weather;  Insect  Wonders;  Transmission  of  Sound: 
Oil  among  the  Ancients;  Chemical  Changes;  Willow 
Wood,  263. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Open  Windows  at  Night;  Exposed 
Arms:  Antidotes  for  Poison;  How  to  Prevent  Spring 
Diseases;  Summer  Clothing;  Fat  People;  New  Pre- 
servative Fluid,  263. 

DOMESTIO  ECONOMY.— Good  Bread  and  How  to 
Make  It;  Economical  Cooking  in  Oregon;  Pickletl 
Eggs;  Hang  up  Pictures;  Our  Beds;  Poached  Eggs; 
Wafer  Gingerbread,  266. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— The  Big  Mill  of  Nevada;  Water 
Rights;  The  Use  of  Earthquakes;  A  New  Ditch  Enter- 
prise, 262.  Black  Diamond  Coal  Fields;  Borax; 
A  Strong  Nation;  School  Lands,  258. 

The  Precious  Metals  in  Alaska. — The 
steamer  Gussie  Telfair  recently  brought 
intelligence  of  the  discovery  of  both  gold 
and  silver  in  Alaska,  but  nothing  very 
definite  is  given.  The  climate  and  geo 
graphical  position  of  our  newly-acquired 
territority  is  unfavorable  for  prospecting 
parties  from  here,  and  it  is  not  likely  that 
any  one  will  think  of  starting  until  more 
authentic  reports  are  received.  A  sore 
temptation  this  will  be,  however,  to  many, 
for  the  mines  are  so  far  away,  that  they 
ought  to  be  rich  if  they  are  not.  If 
further  proofs  are  given  of  the  existence 
of  the  precious  metals  in  any  quantity  in 
Alaska,  some  enterprising  steamboat  man 
will  doubtless  put  on  a  line  of  "  cheap  " 
steamers  for  the  benefit  of  would-be  mill- 
ionaires. 

Placer  Discoveries. — Placer  mines  have 
been  discovered  near  Richmond,  about  three 
miles  west  of  Susanville,  in  Nevada.  The  Ne- 
vada State  Journal  says  that  the  first  discovery 
was  made  in  a  canon  about  one  half  mile  east  of 
Richmond,  in  a  gravel  deposit  containing  coarse 
washed  gold,  where  they  are  now  rocking  out 
from  $3  to  $5  per  day  to  the  hand.  Further  up 
the  same  canon  richer  placers  have  been  found, 
which,  according  to  the  same  paper,  pay  about 
$25  per  day  with  sluices.  A  rich  quartz  ledge 
has  been  found  in  the  same  vicinity.  The  dis- 
coverers have  for  some  time  kept  "shady" 
about  their  strike,  but  it  has  come  out,  and  it  is 
said  the  mines  give  evidence  of  permanence: 

New  placers  are  also  reported  in  about  200 
miles  above  Hardyville  on  the  Colorado  river. 
The  miners  are  said  to  be  making  $5  per  day 

The  Board  of  State  Harbor  Commissioners 
hav.e  reduced  the  rates  of  dockage,  tolls,  wharf- 
age, etc.,  for  the  city  of  San  Francisco, one  half, 
and  have  adopted  new  rules  and  regulations, 
concerning  wharves  and  docks. 

There  is  said  to  be  great  activity  in  mining 
matters  in  Schell  Creek  district,  Nevada. 


Our  Home  Industries. 

The  Foundries. 

Business  at  the  foundries  is  more  brisk 
than  it  has  been  for  the  past  two  years. 
They  have  all  got  as  much  work  as  they 
can  do,  and  the  long  prevailing  dull  times 
are  at  last  over.  Large  and  heavy  orders 
do  not  seem  to  be  very  plenty,  but  the 
amount  of  work  on  hand  is  satisfactory 
and  all  are  doing  well.  The  scarcity  of 
iron  affects  the  trade  considerably,  for  pur- 
chasers of  course  have  to  pay  a  proportion- 
ately higher  price  to  have  their  orders  filled . 
In  the  matter  of  mining  machinery  espe- 
cially this  scarcity  exerts  an  important  in- 
fluence. Miners  generally  oaloulate  on 
building  a  5-stamp  mill  for  so  much,  and  a 
10-stamp  for  so  much,  taking  other  mills 
as  a  precedent,  and  when  they  come  to  find 
an  advance  of  about  $35  per  ton  over  last 
year  on  1.00  or  150  tons  of  machinery,  it 
makes  quite  a  serious  difference  in  their 
calculations,  and  hinders  developments. 
Some  of  the  reasons  for  this  scarcity  of 
iron  were  given  in  the  last  issue  of  the 
Scientific  Press  and  it  is  asserted  that  the 
probable  supply  of  the  coming  two  years 
is  already  engaged  and  there  is  no  surplus 
stock  on  hand  in  the  great  iron  markets  of 
the  world. 

A  great  scarcity  of  first-class  mechanics 
is  reported  by  the  foundrymen  and  there 
is  no  need  of  any  of  them  being  idle  for 
they  can  obtain  employment  readily  at 
good  wages.  The  majority  of  the  mechan- 
ics seem  to  be  foreigners  and  in  one  estab- 
lishment out  of  54  in  the  machine  and 
blacksmith  shops  alone  40  were  for- 
eigners and  14  natives,  the  latter inoluding 
the  boys  who  are  nearly  all  natives.  The 
laborers  are  as  a  general  thing  all  foreign- 
ers. Engineers  were  also  foreigners  as 
were  the  majority  of  those  in  the  mould- 
ing room.  In  the  boiler  shops  90percent. 
were  foreigners.  Taking'  this  one  foundry 
as  a  criterion  it  may  be  assumed  that  a 
large  majority  of  the  men  employed  were 
born  under  a  foreign  flag.  The  English 
mechanics  are  now  having  fine  times  work- 
ing only  51  hours  a  week  and  at  good 
wages,  machinists  getting  £2  per  week ;  no 
inducement  for  them  to  leave  home.  The 
bad  times  in  this  city  for  the  past  two 
years  has  compelled  those  who  were  here  to 
leave  and  the  railroads  building  through- 
out the  Coast  have  absorbed  quite  a  num- 
ber causing  a  scarcity  here  with  no  fresh 
supply.  The  wages  for  good  mechanics  in 
this  city  are  from  $3.50  to  $i  per  pay  ac- 
cording to  their  capacity. 

The  Pacific  Iron   Works. 

Corner  of  .First  and  Fremont  streets, 
have  just  completed  the  machinery  for  a 
propeller  freight  boat  for  Owen's  Lake, 
The  boat  is  intended  to  carry  wood,  mer- 
chandise, etc.,  to  supply  the  Cerro  Gordo 
District.  They  are  making  a  10-stamp 
mill  and  mining  machinery  for  the  Silver 
Peak  mine  inPioche  District,  Nevada,  and 
carrying  on  extensive  repairs  to  the  light- 
house steamer  Fern.  They  are  turning 
out  a  lot  of  vacuum  pans  and  sugar-house 
machinery  for  the  California  sugar  refinery 
and  are  also  furnishing  some  smelting 
works  machinery  for  the  Canton  Mining 
Co.  at  Mineral  Hill,  Nevada,  turning  out 
the  usual  amount  of  small  work. 

The  Miners  Foundry, 
First  street,  between  Howard  and  Fol- 
som,  (Co-operative),  are  making  an  en- 
gine and  boiler  and  hoisting  works  ma- 
chinery to  go  to  Ely  District,  Nevada,  and 
have  just  shipped  one  of  Paul's  Electro- 
chemical dry  amalgamating  mills  to  Cala- 
veras county.  They  are  making  the  ma- 
chinery for  Boschke's  tule-ditching  ma- 
chine and  a  large,  heavy  punch  for  the 
Pacifio  Polling  mills.  Some  hydraulic 
mining  machinery  is  being  turned  out  to 
go  to  Stanislaus  county;  just  shipped  a 
pony-gang  sawmill  up  the  Coast.  The 
Saratoga  paper  mills,  in  Santa  Clara  coun- 


ty, have  had  some  paper  mill  machinery 
made  here  which  has  just  been  shipped, 
A  new  pump,  called  the  Goodwin  pump, 
of  whioh  Mr.  S.  A.  West  is  the  inventor, 
is  being  made  at  this  foundry.  They  are 
doing  a  variety  of  small  jobs.     At  the 

Fulton  Foundry, 
Corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets, 
they  are  building  two  engines,  16  inch 
bore,  5  feet  stroke,  for  the  Colorado  Steam 
Navigation  Co.,  and  an  engine  8x16  feet 
with  shafting  and  machinery  for  a  tannery 
to  go  to  Japan.  They  are  making  an  en- 
gine 12x24,  and  boiler  48x16,  with  a  10- 
inch  plunger  pump,  6-foot  stroke  and  a 
set  of  hoisting  works  for  the  Yuba  Gravel 
Mining  Co.,  at  North  Bloomfield.  Are 
getting  lip  two  of  Hoskin's  Little  Giant 
hydraulic  nozzles,  to  throw  respectively 
8  and  9  inch  streams.  Also  some  large 
logging  cars  for  To wle Bros.  atDutehFlat, 
and  some  for  Ellsworth  &  Co.  Making 
silver  amalgam  retorts  for  the  Estaca  mine 
in  Mexico  and  doing  considerable  job- 
bing and  repairing  work. 

The  Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works, 
Corner  of  Howard  and  Beale  streets,  have 
been  doing  a  good  deal  of  engine  work  of 
late  and  have  built  a  number  of  large  en- 
gines. At  work  on  machinery  for  a  large 
ice  manufacturing  establishment  in  this 
city  and  on  a  surface  condenser  for  S.  L. 
Mastiok,  supposed  to  be  the  first  regular 
surface  condenser  ever  made  here.  An  en- 
gine, 20-inch  cylinder  and  hoisting  gear  is 
being  made  for  the  Belcher  mine,  and  two 
18-inch  engines  for  the  Crown  Point  mine. 
A  large  contract  has  just  been  finished 
for  the  Pacific  Mail  Co.,  consisting  of  over- 
head railways  and  steam  hoists  for  coaling 
vessels,  which  will  be  in  operation  in  a 
week  or  so.  They  are  making  50  iron  cars 
for  the  California  Sugar  Refinery,  to  run 
by  hand  on  a  planked  way.  Business  with 
them  as  with  others  is  brisk  and  a  good 
deal  of  small  work  is  being  done. 

Golden  State  Iron  Works, 

No.  19  First  street,  are  making  furnace 
irons  for  Eureka,  Nev.,  water  pipe  for  the 
North  Star  mine,  Nevada  Co.,  and  doing 
some  iron  work  for  the  Oakland  Paving 
Comp:iny.  Windmill  irons  are  being  made 
for  Suisun  and  a  large  amount  of  angle 
blocks  and  washers  for  the  Pacific  Bridge 
Co.  They  are  turning  out  a  10-stamp  mill 
for  the  Talc  Mining  Co. ,  at  Quincy,  Plu- 
mas Co.,  and  Stevenson  pans  for  the  Bos- 
ton mill  at  Gold  Hill;  also  a  battery  and 
Stevenson  pans  and  settlers  for  the  Bel- 
montMiningCo.,  atHavilah.Kern  County; 
making  stamp  shoes  and  dies  for  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  country,  and  doing  consid- 
erable small  work.    At  the 

Aetna  Iron  Works, 

Corner  of  Fremont  and  Tehama  streets, 
they  are  building  house  fronts  for  Peta- 
luma  and  Oakland  and  have  just  cast  a 
7,000- lb.  propellor  for  steamer  Idaho;_and 
a  10,000-lt>.  one  for  the  Ajax.  Making  pro- 
pellor shafting,  etc.,  for  a  steamboat  for 
Benton  Smith  &  Co.,  and  shafting,  ma- 
chinery, etc., f  for  pulverizing  mill.  Have 
just  completed  two  of  White's  Rotary  Fur- 
naces for  the  Lemon  Mill  and  Mining  Co. ; 
building  mixers,  pumps,  pump-valves  and 
some  other  machinery  for  Bay  Sugar  Re- 
finery, and  repairing  a  lot  of  old  machin- 
ery for  Flint,  Peabody  &  Co.'s  stave  fac- 
tory; doing  considerable  small  work. 

The  San  Francisco  Boiler  Works, 
Nos.  123  and  125  Beale  street,  are  at  work  on 
a  boiler  83x17-9  for  steamer  Cyrus  Walker, 
and  one  66x16  for  the  Portland  Water  Co., 
Oregon.  Two  boilers  are  being  built, 
42x12;  for  the  Meadow  Valley  Mining  Co., 
and  a  42  inch  boiler  for  Ohlandt  &  Co.'s 
bone  factory.  Have  just  finished  a  boiler 
42x14  for  N.  B.  Hick's  sawmill  in  Santa 
Cruz,  and  a  large  tank  44  feet  long,  20 
wide  and  8  deep,  for  a  reservoir  for  the 
Stockton  water  works.  Making  a  locomo- 
tive-shaped boiler  17  feet  by  6  in  diameter 
for  the  Colorado  Steam  Navigation  Co. ,  and 
a  54x16  boiler  for  the  Silver  Peak  mine  at 
Pioche.  Making  buckets  for  a  dredging 
machine  for  the  Miners'  Foundry,  and 
curbs  for  settlers,  and  Hepburn  pans  for 
latter  named  mine.  Have  all  the  work 
they  can  do. 

The  Union  Iron  Works, 
Corner  of  First  and  Mission  streets,  are  run- 
ning a  full  force  on  full  time,  and   doing 
more  than  the  usual  amount   of  business. 


They,  like  the  rest,  complain  of  a  scarcity 
of  good  mechanics.  Times  is  lively  with 
them  and  likely  to  continue  so  for  some 
time  to  come. 

Pracy's  Machine  Works, 
109  and  111  Mission  street,  present  the 
neatest  appearance  of  any  shop  in  the  city ; 
though  small  the  works  have  a  fine  assort- 
ment of  tools,  and  are  able  to  turn  out 
any  kind  of  work  required.  Just  now 
they  are  making  horse-power  machinery, 
wood-turners'  lathes,  etc.  The  proprietor 
makes  a  specialty  of  grist-mills,  and  is  at 
work  on  quite  a  number  of  them  at  pres- 
ent. The  establishment  is  very  neat  and 
complete. 

Our  National  Park. 

We  have  received  a  number  of  maps  and 
documents  in  relation  to  the  Great  Nation- 
al Park  in  the  Yellowstone  Reservation  in 
Montana  and  Wyoming  Territories.  The 
land  reserved  lies  near  the  head  waters  of. 
the  Yellowstone  river,  commencing  at  the 
junction  of  Gardiner's  river  and  the  Yel- 
lowstone, and  running  east  to  the  merid- 
ian passing  ten  miles  to  the  eastward  of 
the  most  easterly  point  of  Yellowstone 
Lake ;  thence  south  along  that  meridian 
to  the  parallel  of  latitude  passing  ten 
miles  south  of-the  most  southern  point  of 
Yellowstone  Lake ;  thence  west  along 
that  parallel  to  the  meridian  passing  fif- 
teen miles  west  of  the  most  western  point 
of  Madison  Lake  ;  thence  north  along  the 
meridian  to  the  latitude  of  the  junction  of 
the  Yellowstone  and  Gardiner's  rivers  ; 
and  thence  east  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

This  area  of  land  has  been  reserved  and 
withdrawn  from  settlement  or  sale,  and  set 
apart  as  a  public  park  or  pleasure  ground , 
for  the  benefit  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States.  It  is  to  be  under  the  control  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  who  is  to 
make  such  rules  and  regulations  as  he 
may  think  proper  for  its  care  and  manage- 
ment. All  timbers,  mineral  deposits, 
natural  curiosities  or  wonders  are  to  be 
preserved  in  their  natural  condition,  and 
remain  undisturbed.  The  Secretary  may, 
if  he  sees  fit,  grant  leases  for  building 
purposes,  for  terms  not  to  ejajged  ten 
years,  of  small  parcels  of  land,'  at  such 
places  as  may  require  houses  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  visitors.  All  the  revenue 
from  this  source  is  to  be  expended  in 
building  roads,  bridle-paths,  etc.,  in  the 
park.  The  Secretary  is  to  provide  against 
wanton  destruction  of  game  and  fish  in 
the  reservation,  and  against  their  capture 
for  the  purpose  of  profit. 

The  land  is,  as  a  general  thing,  not 
susceptable  of  cultivation,  and  the  entire 
area  within  the  limits  of  the  reservation  is 
over  6,000  feet  above  sea  level.  The  Yel- 
lowstone Lake,  which  occupies  an  area  15 
by  22  miles,  or  330  square  miles,  is  7,427 
feet.  The  range  of  mountains  that  hem 
the  valleys  in  rise  to  a  hight  of  from  10,000 
to  12,000  feet,  and  are  covered  with  pnow 
all  the  year  round.  These  mountains  are 
all  of  volcanic  origin,  and  it  is  not  proba- 
ble that  any  mines  will  ever  be  discovered 
there.  During  the  months  of  June,  July 
and  August  the  climate  is  most  invigorat- 
ing, with  scarcely  any  rain  or  storms  of 
any  kind.  There  is  frost  every  month  of 
the  year.  This  whole  region  was,  in  com- 
paratively recent  time,  the  scene  of  the 
most  wonderful  voloanio  activity  of  any 
portion  of  our  country.  We  have  given, 
at  different  times,  detailed  descriptions  of 
some  of  the  wonders  of  this  region,  which 
will  in  a  few  years  be  a  place  of  resort  for 
all  classes  of  people  from  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

The  project  of  establishing  a  Grand  Na- 
tional Park  in  such  a  locality  is  worthy  of 
the  age  and  the  nation  which  has  origi- 
nated the  idea.  It  will  become,  in  future 
ages,  a  place  for  the  world's  resort,  where 
the  grandeurs  of  nature  and  all  her  won- 
derful displays  of  power  and  energy,  as 
put  forth  in  the  tempest,  the  earthquake 
and  the  volcano  may  be  seen,  studied  and 
admired  in  the  great  laboratory  within 
which  the  fires  have  been,  as  it  were,  but 
just  extinguished. 


April  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS; 


265 


Mining  Stocks. 

Th.  question  of  tho  day  in  Sau  Francisco  is, 
"How  aro  Stocks?"  and  tho  vernucular  of 
the  Stock  Exchange  is  aM  familiar  as  household 
words.  The  excitement  in  mining  stocks  for 
tho  past  few  weeks  has  surpassed  all  former 
ones,  and  everybody  is  buying  who  has  any 
money  po  buy  with.  The  names  of  a  few  a^e 
mentioned  who  have  made  fortunes  in  the  sud- 
den riso  in  vulue  of  their  stock,  but  of  the  un- 
fnrtunato  we  hear  nothing,  iu  fact  their  turn 
baa  not  come  yet  but  everybody  expects  it  will. 
Till  the  fall  comes,  people  will  continue  to  spec- 
Jdlyand  take  their  chances.  The  pres- 
ent excitement  is,  however,  no  mere  stock  bul>- 
blo,  but  is  founded  upon  bona  fide  developments 
in  the  deepest  levels  of  tho  Comstock  mines. 
Some  description  there  are,  of  course,  which 
are  inflated  above  their  real  value,  by  reason  of 
the  rise  in  others,  while  on  the  other  hand, 
some  aro  not  as  high  as  their^merita  deserve 

Money  is  plenty  and  mining  investments  take 
precedence  at  present,  ami  with  a  good  reason. 
The  immense  actual  values  of  some  of  the  Coin- 
Btock  mines  seem  almost  fabulous,  but  they 
are  founded  apon  tho  amount  of  ore  in  sight  iu 
the  ore  bodies  in  the  deep  levels  such  as  have 
never  before  bet  u  developed.  Cool,  business 
men  are  purchasing  the  stock  of  these  mine's 
for  tho  legitimate'  purpose  of  drawing  dividends 
from  them  as  an  investment  which  will  pay 
th.iii  a  higher  percentage  on  the  capital  in- 
vested th.ni  any  uth-r  enterprise.  No  such 
bodies  of  gold  ami  silver  bearing  ore  have  ever 
been  found  before,  in  any  part  of  the  world, 
and  the  consequent  large  increase  in  value  of 
the  mines  in  which  they  are  situated  is  not 
therefore  to  be  wondered  at.  Tho  developments 
in  tho  Crown  Poiut  and  Belchor  have  given  a 
new  basis  in  value  to  all  tho  mines  on  the  lode, 
and  the  Savage,  Hale  &  Norcross,  Chollar  and 
others  aro  expected  to  come  in  for  their  share 
of  tho  ore  as  soon  as  they  shall  have  been  suf- 
ficiently explored.  The  oro  that  has  been  dis- 
covered during  the  past  year  in  the  Comstock 
lode  will  probably  exceed  in  amount,  all  that 
has  heretofore  been  taken  from  it,  and  the  value 
of  the  mines  embraced  within  the  area,  on  the 
surface,  of  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in  width  by  two 
and  a  half  miles  in  length,  can  scarcely  be  cal- 
culated. 

The  efl'oct  that  these  wonderful  developments 
have  exerted  upon  tho  mining  interests  of  this 
Coast  is  very  gratifying.  Mines  in  all 
quarters  will  now  have  the  benefit  of  capital,  for 
capitalists  who  have  been  wont  to  look  upon 
mining  as  a  rather  hap-hazard  kind  of  business 
will  view  itin  a  better  light.  Foreigners  partic- 
ularly will  be  enlightened  as  to  the  lichness  of 
our  mines  and  be  more'likely  to  invest  here  than 
heretofore. 

We  hear  of  bright  prospects  all,  over  the 
Coast,  and  mining  matters  and  our  bullion  yield 
will  doubtless  be  greater  this  year  than  ever  be- 
fore. Tho  following  table  will  show  the  num- 
ber of  feet  and  shares  in  the  principal  mines 
dealt  in  at  the  San  Francisco  Stock  and  ex- 
change Board  which  will  be  of  interest  justnow. 
By  reference  to  another  column  thepricesof  to- 
day may  be  seen: 


M»  Elinore 10,000 

Mahogany 720....  10,000 

BLlug  sur !,*»      10  19400 

South  Chariot •'«'  ....  10,000 

WirEielv 1.000      10  II 

Hlnnnou I.0TD  ....  10,000 

Virtiu.. 2.6»i 10,000 

N..rlli  OroFuio COO....  1 

Ely  District- 
Meadow  Valley 00,000 

Raymond i El; 4,000....  yo.noo 

M.aclew  Val.  W.  El 800       SO  6.000 

Ptoono 1,000 

Waahlnpton  ,t  Creole 200    150  80,000 

Lillian  Hall 1.000      15  15,000 

Excelsior 12,000 

Alps 30,000     100     

Eureka  District:— 

Eiu-ekaCoua 50.000 

Jackson 60.000 

Mineral  Hill 60.1'iw 

Phcnli 60,000 

Utah:— 

Monitor  and  Maenet 2,«X>     10  2,100 


Hendy's  Improved  Concentrator. 

Gold  and  silver  gleaners  are  becoming  iu  more 
active  demand,  a  fact  which  shows  an  increased 
disposition  among  miners  to  work  their  ores 
more  closely  and  with  the  greatest  possible 
economy.  Various  devices  and  modifications 
have  been  invented  and  tested,  for  saving  snl- 
phurets,  and  fine  gold,  with  results  more  or  less 


More  Abont  Glass  Bearings. 

Since  our  reference,  last  week,  to  the  intro- 
duction of  glass  bearings,  at  the  East,  we  have 
received  a  call  from  Mr.  D.  lirannan.  proprie- 
tor of  the  Pottery  Works  at  Brooklyn,  Alameda 
county,  who  informs  us  that  he  has  been 
appointed  general  agent  for  the  sab'  and  manu- 
facture e.f  these  bearings  in  California,  and 
th:it  he  is  prepared  to  furnish  circulars,  give- 
any  required  information  with  regurd  to  them, 
and  to  exhibit  specimens  of  the  'manner  in 
which  they  are  prepared,  to  any  person  desirous 
of  more  particular  information  with  regard  to 
them.  The  inventor  of  tho  device  is  Mr.  John 
Harden,  4S  Broad  street,  N.  Y.,  by  whom  it  was 
patented  Jan.  14,  18G8.  Tho  bearings  have  al- 
ready been  extensively  introduced  for  locomo- 
tives and  other  machinery,  as  we  learn  from  a 
large  number  of  names  of  railway  superinten- 
dents and  master  mechanics  to  whom  the  in- 
ventor is  allowod  to  refer. 

From  a  circular  which  has  been  placed  in 
our  hands  by  Mr.  Brannan,  tho  California 
Agent,  we,  learn  that  the  bearings  have  been  in 
constant  use,  in  the  Atlantic  States,  on  a  great 
number  of  engines — locomotive,  stationary  and 


HENDY'S  IMPROVED  C0NCENTRA0R. 


NAME  or  COMPAXV. 

California  Mines:— 

Amador 1 


No.ft.in  Bh'8    No. of  ine'd 
Mino.  ?llt,    Sh'a.  val'o. 


50 


Eureka 1,680 

Oriental 1,800 

St.  Patrick  G.  M    Co 1,800 

Independent  G.  M.  Co 1,800 

Ik-llevue 20,000  ... 


3,700 
20,000 
18,000 

6,000 
25,000 

8,000 


$100 
100 


Yule  Gravel 10,000 

PetcrWalter 1,800 8,000 

Washoe  Mines:— 

Alpha 300      20  6,000 

American 2,900        4  11,600 

Belcher 1,040      10  10,400 

Caledonia - 5,000        4  20,000 

ClioUar-Potosi 2,800      10  28,000 

Confidence 130     12  1,560 

Cons.  Virginia 1,160      10  11,600 

Crown  Point 600      20  12,000 

Daney 2,000      12  24,000 

Empire  Mill 75      16  1,200 

Exchequer 400      20  8,000 

Gould  &  Curry 1,200 4,800 

Halo  &  Norcross 400      40  16,000 

Imperial 184 4,000 

Julia 2,000       5  10,000 

Justice 21,000 

Kentuok 95       2      2,000    

Ophir 1,400      12  16,800      300 

Overman 1,200      10  12,800      600 

Savage 800      20  16,000      248 

Seg.  Belcher 160      40  64,000      300 

SieraNovada 3,000       5  20.000      100 

Succor  M.  Si  M.  Co 7,000        3    22,800     

YollowJaciet 1,201)      20  24,000     .... 

White  Pine:— 

Hidden  Treasure  Cons 600      20    12,000    

Mammoth 1,800      20  36,000      100 

Metropolitan  M.  &  M.  Co 4,000    2JtS  10,000     .... 

Orig.  Hidden  Treasure 21,333    

Silver  Wave 1,600  10  Si    20,000    

Silver  Vault 3,000      10  30,000      100 

Virginia 800 21,333     

General  Lee 1,000    ,20    20,000    

Idaho  Mines: — 

Golden  Chariot 750      13  10,000      100 


favorable,  and  nearly  every  one  of  which  has 
furnished  cumulative  evidence  that  our  work- 
ings heretofore  have  been  wasteful  in  the  ex- 
treme. The  wonder  is  that  this  fact  has  not 
been  sooner  recognized  and  supplemented  with 
a  more  general  introduction  of  improved  saving 
appliances. 

We  are  led  to  these  remarks  at  this  time, 
more  particularly  from  hearing  that  there  has 
lately  been  an  increased  demand  for  Hendy's 
ore  concentrators.  Among  other  recent  orders 
we  hear  of  six  for  the  St.  Patrick  mill,  near 
Newcastle;  six  for  the  Julian  mill,  same  place; 
two  for  the  Keystone,  Amador  County;  four 
for  the  St.  Lawrence  Mill,  Georgetown,  El  Do- 
rado county,  and  one  for  the  Virtue  mine,  Ore- 
gon. 

These  machines  have  been  well  tested,  and 
are  fast  gaining  in  favor  among  our  miners 
generally — over  400  having  been  already  put 
in  use,  some  of  which  have  been  in  constant 
operation  for  upwards  of  four  years.  Their 
construction  has  been  improved  from  time  to 
time,  as  experience  and  observation  has  war- 
ranted. So  great  has  become  the  demand  for 
them  that  Mr.  Hendy  has  recently  established 
machine  works  at  32  Fremont  street,  in  this 
city,  in  large  part  for  thoir  especial  manufac- 
ture, whereby  all  the  work  upon  them  will  be 
done  under  his  personal  supervision,  and  in 
the  most  thorough  manner. 

We  have  before  described  the  main  features 
of  this  patented  invention,  but  will  for  the 
benefit  of  many  new  readers  give  a  short  de- 
scription of  its  operation.  The  sulphurets 
and  water  are  received  through  the  spout,  N, 
into  the  bowl,  C,  and  distributed  through  the 
pipe,  E,  this  pipe  is  rotated  by  means  of  a 
pawl  and  the  notched  rim  of  the  concentrator 
as  the  body  of  the  concentrator  oscillates  back- 
ward and  forward.  The  sulphurets  being 
heavier  are  worked  into  tho  annular  pocket,  jS, 
and  drawn  off  from  the  hole,  E.  The  water, 
sand  and  lighter  particles  are  discharged  at  the 
centre,  A.  This  machine  is  somewhat  of  an 
improvement  on  that  which  has  heretofor  e  been 
illustrated  in  our  columns. 

In  Henry  county,  Kentucky,  a  report  of 
silver  ore  is  said  to  have  been  recently  dis- 
covered, which  yields  54  per  cent.  _of  sil- 
ver. 


marine — for  over  three  years,  and  that  they 
have  given  very  generel'  satisfaction. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  harder  and  smoother 
the  material  which  is  used  for  bearings  the  less 
will  be  the  friction.  Now  glass  is  very  hard 
and  extremely  smooth,  and  by  the  device  em- 
ployed by  Mr.  Harden  for  introducing  it  into 
bearing  surfaces,  it  is  manifestly  very  secure 
from  breakage  and  capable  of  sustaining  any 


A  Pittsburg  firm  have  recently  shipped  two 
steam  pumps  to  New  Castle,  England. 


weight  required  for  bearings  in  every  class  of 
machinery.  Moreover  glass  is  a  non-conductor 
of  heat  and  electricity,  and  is  uniform  in  hard- 
ness, unlike  any  metallic  bearing  and  being 
neither  porous  nor  fibrous  it  does  not  use  up 
oil  as  fast  as  ordinary  bearings.  Various  par- 
ties who  have  used  these  bearings  assure  the 
inventor  that  they  do  not  use  more  than  one- 
half,  and  in  some  instances  not  more  than  one- 
quarter  the  oil  required  by  metallic  bearings— a 
matter  of  no  small  consideration  in  running 
machinery. 

The  small  engraving  herewith  presented,  if 
examined  in  connection  with  the  description 
we  gave  last  week  will  .give  a  very  intelligible 
idea  of  the  manner  in  which  the  glass  is  em- 
ployed in  the  bearings.  The  light  round  spots 
in  the  figure  represent  cylinders  of  glass  firmly 
imbedded  within  the  metal,  which  constitute 
the  chief  part  of  the  bearing.  The  glass  is  set 
even  with  the  metal,  but  as  the  latter  yields  to 
attrition,  the  glass  soon  becomes  the  actual 
bearing  surface  and  takes  the  entire  weight  im- 
posed. It  is  said  that  glass  which  has  been 
so  used  for  several  years  shows  no  signs  of 
wear,  while  the  journal  or  guide  resting  upon 
the  glass  assumes  as  smooth  and  bright  a  sur- 
face as  the  glass  itself,  and  with  as  little  wear. 

Of  course  friction  must  thereby  be  greatly  re- 
duced, with  a^  corresponding  decrease  in  the 


power  required,  while  the  machinery  itself  is 
longer  lived.  The  glass  can  be  moulded  to  any 
requirod  form  or  surface — plane,  convex  or  con- 
cave— and  there  are  few  working  parts  of  ma- 
chinery where  it  is  inapplicable.  We  under- 
stand that  it  has  been  successfully  used  in 
packing  rings,  on  an  engine  making  150  revo- 
lutions a  'minute,  as  severe  a  test,  perhaps,  as 
would  probably  be  required  in  any  ordinary 
use.  The  cost  is  very  reasonable,  as  we  are 
assured  that  50  pieces  of  glass  can  be  inserted 
for  a  locomotive-for  only  abont  $25. 

A  New  Minino  Enteupbise. — As  tve  re- 
marked Inst  week,  unusual  attention  is  be 
ing  turned  to  the  working  of  the  aurifer- 
ous sands  of  our  sea  coast,  and  a  large 
company  is  now  going  to  Gold  Bluff, 
Klamath  county,  to  start  a  somewhat  novel 
enterprise.  The  Pacifio  Submarine  Ex- 
ploring Company,  of  New  York,  propose 
to  get  at  the  sand  by  means  of  a  diving 
belL  The  gold  can  only  bo  reached  at  low 
water,  and  the  time  is  so  short  that  the 
miners  find  trouble  in  making  it  pay  to 
work  their  claims.  Then  tho  wet  sand  has 
to  be  carted  over  the  sandy  roads  for  some 
distance,  causing  more  loss  of  time.  It 
has  been  found  that  the  Bands  grow  richer 
the  further  they  could  penetrate  into  the 
breakers,  and  soundings  in  six  and  ten 
fathoms  of  water  revealed  the  fact  that 
they  were  yet  richer  in  remarkably  pure 
gold.  It  seems  as  if  the  gold  were  washed 
up  from  the  submarine  banks. 

Parties  who  have  been  using  the  diving 
bell  in  removing  the  rocks  at  Hell  Gate, 
in  New  York  Harbor,  have  gone  into  this 
enterprise  with  considerable  zeal,  and 
hope  to  make  a  success  of  it.  A  large  bell 
is  now  being  made  in  this  city.  It  is" 
divided  into  chambers,  in  one  of  which  air 
condensed  to  three  atmospheres  is  to  be 
stored  for  the  use  of  the  operators.  A 
schooner  will  be  provided  with  a  steam 
vacuum  pump,  and  elastic  rubber  tubing, 
by  means  of  whioh,  when  a  rich  deposit  is 
found,  the  sand  is  to  be  elevated  onboard. 
It  is  estimated  that  100  tons  per  hour  can 
be  raised  by  this  means.  The  sands  will 
flow  upwards  in  a  steady  stream,  carrying 
water  enough  to  give  them  mobility.  This 
is  placed  in  lighters  and  carried  ashore 
for  chlorination.  The  state  of  the  ocean 
in  the  locality  mentioned,  will  permit  the 
work  to  last  from  the  1st  of  May  to  Sep- 
tember, and  after  that  date  the  company 
sail's  with  its  appointments  to  the  pearl 
fishery  of  the  Gulf  of  California.  "We 
thall  look  with  interest  to  the  results  ac- 
complished by  the  company,  and  think 
that  their  enterprise  warrants  success. 

Utah  Mines. — Wagon  communication 
with  the  mines  iu  Little  Cottonwood 
Canon  is  open  and  the  mines  are  once 
more  accessible.  Immense  quantities  of 
ore,  that  havs  been  accumulating  on  the 
dumps  since  the  road  was  blocked  up,  are 
now  being  brought  to  Salt  Lake  City. 
Most  of  the  other  districts  that  were 
troubled  with  "  snow  blockades  "  are  now 
free,  and  the  snow  though  deep  is  melting 
fast.  General  news  from  the  mines  is  fa  - 
vorable  and  a  number  of  rich  strikes  are 
reported.  The  tunnel  enterprises  are 
proving  successful  in  Little  Cottonwood 
and  a  large  amount  of  capital  is  said  to  be 
engaged  for  the  erection  of  mills  and  fur- 
naces the  coming  season.  Experts  and 
capitalists  are  plenty  at  Salt  Lake,  a  pretty 
sure  indication  as  to  the  estimation  in 
which  the  mines  are  held  by  non-resi- 
dents. 


Earthquakes  TjNDEitGitouNn. — It  is  worthy  of 
note  that,  although  the  miners  at  work  under- 
ground at  Cerro  Gordo  during  the  recent  severe 
earthquakes,  did  not  feel  the  shocks,  that  a  late 
earthquake  in  Germany  is  said  to  have  been 
felt  with  great  force  underground,  and  the 
miners  hurried  out  with  all  possible  haste.    - 


The  amount  of  bullion  shipped  for  the 
first  19  days  in  april,  through  Wells,  Fargo 
&  Co's  office  at  Eeno,  was  43,894   pounds. 


266 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  27,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Good  Bread  and  How  to  Make  It. 

Holy  Writ  assures  us  that  bread  is  the  staff 
of  life;  and  our  daily  experience  fully  proves 
the  truth  of  the  assertion.  But  it  is  not  enough 
to  procure  this  staff  of  life  in  sufficient  quan- 
tity; the  excellence  of  its  quality  is  also  of 
great  importance.  The  strong,  healthy  man 
may  perhaps  eat  poor  bread  without  experi- 
encing any  inconvenience ;  but  the  delicate 
child  or  invalid,  whose  impaired  digestion  re- 
quires great  carefulness  in  diet,  cannot  pay  too 
much  attention  to  the  quality;  bread  is  indeed 
to  them  the  staff  of  life.  The  superior  nutri- 
tious properties  of  bread  have  been  disputed, 
but  the  doubt  has  been  dispelled  by  some 
chemical  researches  made  in  France  testing 
the  comparative  nutriment  of  various   edibles. 

The  word  bread  is  derived  from  brayed  grain, 
from  the  verb  to  bray  or  pound;  indicative  of 
the  old  method  of  preparing  the  flour.  Dough 
comes  from  the  Anglo-Saxon  word  deaiovxn  to 
wet,  to  moisten.  Loaf  is  from  the  Anglo-Saxon 
lif-ian,  to  raise,  to  lift  up,  as  raised  bread. 
Leaven  is  derived  from  the  French  verb  levee, 
to  raise, -as  the  Saxon  word  lif-ian.^ 

The  superiority  of  good  home-made  bread 
has  long  been  acknowledged,  yet  how  few  fami- 
lies really  make  good  bread.  All  bakers  use 
alum,  which  .is  injurious  to  the  health,  and 
causes  indigestion  in  delicate  persons.  But 
the  alum  benefits  the  baker  in  several  ways;  it 
causes  his  loaves  to  separate  evenly  and  with- 
out gtrouble,  and  increases  the  weight  of  the 
loaf,  as  it  make's  the  flour  absorb  more  water; 
therefore,  a  four-pound  loaf  of  baker's  bread 
will  contain  less  nourishment  than  a  loaf  of 
home-made  bread  of  .equal  weight. 

Economy  should  make  every  woman  her  own 
bread-maker.  The  alum  also  imparts  a  better 
color  to  the  flour,  tand  conceals  any  unpleasant 
odor  arising  from  damaged  flour.  Baker's 
bread  dries  much  quicker  than  home-made. 
The  reason  is,  that  alum  is  what  chemists  call 
and  efflorescent  salt,  that 'is,  it  dries  by  ex- 
posure to  the  air;  common  salt  is  delmqn.es- 
cent,  that  is,- it  attracts  moisture  from  the  air; 
'  therefore,  bread  which  contains  salt  only,  will 
keep  moist  much  longer  than  that  which  con- 
tains alum.  These  are  certainly  reasons  why 
every  woman  should  make  her  own  bread,  or 
have  it  made  in  her  kitchen. 

How  to    Make  Good  Bread. 

We  propose  to  give  a  few  receipts  for  bread 
making  which  will  not  fail.  First  we  will  give 
a  receipt  for  making  yeast.  The  yeast'  bought 
at  the  door  is  not  always  of  good  quality.  The 
recipe  for  hop  yeast  given  has  been  tested  for 
twenty  years,  and  rarely  fails;  never,  if  the 
yeast  jug  is  perfectly  sweet  and  the  yeast  pro- 
perly made:  Boil  in  a  porcelain  or  copper- 
tinned  kettle,  two  large  handfuls  of  hops,  tied 
in  a  cloth,  six  large  potatoes  sliced  thin,  in  six 
quarts  of  water.  When  the  potatoes  are  very 
soft  skim  them  out,  and  either  rub  through  a 
colander  or  mash  fine  on  a  plate.  Take  out 
the  hops;  squeeze  dry,  and  hang  away  for 
another  time,  as  they  can  be  used  twice.  Keep 
the  watar  boiling,  mix  one  and  oner-half  pints 
of  wheat  flower  to  a  smooth  batter  with  cold 
water,  and  one  tablespoonful  of  vinegar,  two  of 
brown  sugar,  and  one  teaspoonful  of  salt;  mix 
in  the  mashed  potatoes,  stir  all  into  the  boiling 
water,  and  boil  ten  minutes.  Turn  into  a  six- 
quart  tin  pan.  When  milk-warm  to  the  touch 
add  one  teacup  of  yeast.  Let  it  rise  over  night, 
then  put  into  a  stone  jug. 

This  yeast  will  keep  in  a  cellar,  perfectly 
good  for  six  weeks.  A  large  teacup  full  will 
make  two  large  loaves  of  bread.  Be  sure  to  re- 
serve a  teacnpful  to  rise  the  yeast  with  the  next, 
time.  Always  scald  the  jug  thoroughly  and 
keep  water  in  it  over  night,  with  a  tablespoon- 
ful of  saleratus  stirred  into  it.  This  will  sweet- 
en the  jug.  It  takes  a  larger  quantity  of  this 
yeast  to  rise  bread,  biscuit,  or  muffins  than  of 
distillery  yeast,  but  the  effect  is  quite  as  good. 

To  make  bread  of  first-rate  quality,  the 
sponge  should  be  made  over  night.  Bread 
that  has  been  raised  three  times  is  much  the 
best.  It  is  of  a  firm,  even  texture,  has  no  fis- 
sures or  cracks,  and  the  slice  presents  an  even 
surface.  Here  is  a  recipe  that  rarely  fails: 
Take  one  quart  of  new  milk,  and  add  boiling 
water  sufficient  to  make  it  warm  to  the  touch. 
(Water  can  be  substituted  for  the  milk,  but 
bread  made  without  milk  dries  more  rapidly.) 
Add  one  teaspoonful  of  salt,  stir  in  three  quarts 
of  flour  and  one  tea-cup  of  home-made  yeast, 
or  three  tablespoonfuls  of  distillery  yeast.  Mix 
well  together,  then  sprinkle  flour  all  around 
the  edges  of  the  batter  or  sponge,  leaving  a 
small  space  in  the  middle  uncovered.  Set  in  a 
warm  place  to  rise,  covering  with  a,  pan.  In 
summer  the  sponge  will  be  ready  to  mold  over 
before  breakfast.  Mix  it  up  thick  so  that  it  can 
be  kneaded  well,  and  knead  it  half  an  hour  or 
more.  Chopping  it  with  a  chopping  knife  adds 
to  its  lightness  and  porosity.  When  well 
kneaded,  sprinkle  flour  on  the  bottom  of  the 
pan  thickly,  put  in  the  dough,  and  set  it  away 
tor  half  au  hour  or  more,  but  watch  it  closely. 
i^Bread  making  should  be  most  carefully  tend- 
tled,  as  any  neglect  ruins  the  whole.  If  allow- 
od  to  rise  too  much  its  sweetness  is  gone,  and 
though  saleratus  will  take  away  the  acidity,  its 
aroma  and  flavor  are  destroyed.)  When  light 
enough  turn  out  on  the  molding-board  and 
knead,  thoroughly;  divide  into  two  loaves,  re- 
serving a  portion  for  biscuit,  so  that  the  new- 
made  loaves  may  not  be  cut  that  day.  Mold 
well,  put  into  the  pans,  let  it  rise  in  a  warm 


place  fifteen  minutes,  then  bake  in  a  hot  oven. 
If  the  oven  be  hot,  the  bread  will  lose  less 
weight  in  baking  than  when  the  oven  is  slack. 
The  batter  can  be  baked  in  *the  morning  in 
muffin  rings,  ?and,  makes  delicious  breakfast 
cakes,  better  than  hot  biscuit. 

Bread  made  with  potatoes  is  very  nice:.'  Boil 
three  large  potatoes,  well  pared,  or  six  good 
sized  ones;  rub  them  through  a  colander  into 
your  bread  pan.  Einse  them  through  the  col- 
ander with  a  pint  of  boiling  water;  add  one 
quart  of  milk.  Stir  in  half .  a  £int  of  flour,  and 
when  the  liquor  is  cool  enough  add  a  teacup  of 
home-made  yeast;  set  it  in  a  warm  place.  If 
this  is  done  after  dinner — using  the  potatoes 
left  from  the  table — the  sponge  willbe  ready  for 
more  flour  by  eight-or  nine  o'clock  in  the  even- 
ing. Now  mix  to  a  stiff  batter,  sprinkle  flour 
over  it,  set  to  rise.  In  the  morning  knead  into 
a  stiff  dough,  let  it  rise  well,  then  knead  again, 
put  into  pans,  let  it  rise  fifteen  or  twenty  min- 
nutes,  and  bake  in  a  hot  oven. 

All  bread,  biscuit  or  doughnuts  raised  with 
yeast  should  rise  after  being  kneaded  before  they 
are  baked.  If  put  in  the  oven  or  fried  directly 
they  are  never  light.  The  dough  has  had  116 
opportunity  to  recover  its  elasticity,  and  cannot 
be  as  good.  Common  sized  loaves  of  bread  will 
bake  in  three-quarters  of  an  hour,  provided  the 
oven  is  of  proper  heat. 

Palatable  as  good  wheat  bread  is,  there  is  no 
doubt  that  eating  it  entirely  is  not  conducive  to 
health.  Bye,  Indian  meal  and  coarse  flour 
make  bread  that  is  better  adapted  to  the  devel- 
opment of  the  muscles.  Boston  brown  bread  is 
much  used,  and  is  far  better  for  young  children 
than  bread  made  of  superfine  flour.  It  is  easily 
made :  Take  two  quarts  of  Indian  meal,  sifted, 
one  quart  of  rye  meal  or  Graham  flour,  one  large 
spoonful  of  salt,  one  teacup  of  molasses,  one 
teacup  of  home-made  yeast,  or  half  the  quantity 
of  brewers'  yeast.  Mix  with  hot  water  as  stiff 
as  one  can  stir  it,  let  it  rise  one  horn-,  bake  in 
deep  earthen  or  iron  pots,  which  are  made  pur- 
posely. To  avoid  the  thick  crust  produced  by 
baking  so  long,  boil  it  four  hours  and  bake  one, 
removing  the  cover  before  setting  it  Hito  the 
oven. 

Good  bread  and  butter  cannot  be  made  with- 
out some  experience  and  intelligence.  Upon 
their  quality  depends  half  the  comfort  of  the 
table,  and  yet  full  half  the  people  in  this  country 
never  taste  them  in  perfection. — Ex. 

Economical  Cooking  in  Oregon. — There  is  a 
place  in  Oregon,  says  an  exchange,  called  the 
Smoky  Valley,  where  the  people  have  a  very 
curious  way  of  cooking.  They  do  not  have  the 
trouble  of  making  a  fire  every  morning  when 
they  wish  to  get  breakfast.  They  just  walk  out 
with  their  kettles,  coffee-pots,  and.  whatever  else 
they  need,  and  cook  at  the  boiling  spring.  The 
water  seems  a  great  deal  better  than  common 
boiling  water,  and  all  they  need  to  do  is  to  have 
their  kettles  in  it  for  a  short  time,  and  their  food 
is  nicely  cooked.  They  are  able  even  to  bake  in 
it,  Thebreadisputinto  a  tight  saucepan  andlow- 
ered  into  the  boilingfloodforanhourortwo,  and 
then  drawn  up  most  exquisitely  baked,  with  but 
a  thin  rim  on  the  crust  over  it.  Meat  is  cooked 
here,  and  beans,  which  are  the  miner's  great 
luxury.  It  takes  but  a  -minute  to  cook  eggs,  or 
to  make  a  pot  of  coffee  or  tea;  but  if  there  should 
chance  to  be  a  "  slip  between  the  cup  and  the 
Up,"  the  food  would  be  gone  beyond  recovery. 

Pickled  Eggs. — At  the  season  of  the  year 
when  the  stock  of  eggs  is  plentiful,  cause  some 
four  or  six  dozen  to  be  boiled  in  a  capacious 
saucepan  until  they  become  quite  hard.  Then, 
after  removing  the  shells,  lay  them  carefully  in 
large  mouthed  jars,  and  pour  over  them  scalding 
vinegar  well  seasoned  with  whole  pepper,  all- 
spice, a  few  races  of  ginger  and  a  few  cloves  of 
garlic.  When  cold  they  are  bunged  down  close, 
and  in  a  month  are  fit  for  use.  Where  eggs  are 
plentiful  the  above  pickle  is  by  no  means  ex- 
pensive, and  as  an  accompaniment  to  cold  meat 
it  cannot  be  outrivaled. 


Ants  and  Moles. — For  ants,  place  a  fresh 
meat  bone  where  the  ants  can  get  at  it,  and  they 
will  flock  to  it  in  large  numbers.  When  they 
are  on  it,  dip  it  in  hot  water ;  repeat  it  a  few 
times  and  the  ants  will  have  disappeared.  For 
moles,  dig  a  hole  like  a  post  hole  across  one  of 
the  mole  holes,  and  in  the  bottom,  place  some 
rags  previously  dipped  in  sulphur.  Set  fire  to 
them,  and,  when  once  well  on  fire,  cover  up 
close  with  a  board,  and  the  mole  hole  acts  as  a 
pipe.    The  mole  leaves. 

Bohemian  Cream. — Take  four  ounces  of  any 
fruit  you  choose,  which  has  been  stoned,  soft 
and  sweetened.  Pass  the  fruit  through  a  sieve, 
and  add  one  and  a  half  ounces  of  melted  or  dis- 
solved isinglass  to  a  half-pint  of  fruit;  mix  it 
well  together;  then  whip  a  pint  of  rich  cream, 
and  add  the  fruit  and  isinglass  gradually  -to  it. 
Then  pour  it  all  into  a  mould ;  set  it  on  ice  or  in 
a  cool  place,  and  when  hardened  or  set,  dip  the 
mould  a  moment  in  warm  water,  and  turn  it  out 
ready  for  the  table. 

To  Cook  Cod  Fish,  says  a  writer  in  Western 
Rural,  never  freshen  it,  but  pick  it  up  fine  and 
put  it  in  a  frying  pan  with  a  large  piece  of  but- 
ter and  one  quart  of  milk.  Let  it  come  to  a  boil, 
then  pour  in  a  teacup  of  cold  milk,  with  a  table- 
spoon of  flour  stirred  in  it.  Season  with  pep- 
per to  taste.     The  fish  will  salt  it  sufficiently. 


Haag  up  Pictures. 

Any  observing  person  will  notice  a  great  dif- 
ference in  people  in  the  matter  of  furnishing  or 
decorating  their  houses  with  pictures.  Nothing 
adds  more  to  the  general  appearance  of  a  room 
than  a  tasty  adornment  of  the  walls  with  arti- 
cles of  this  kind,  whether  they  be  photographs, 
cbromos,  engravings  or  oil  paintings.  And  yet 
how  often  do  we  find  parlors  furnished  with  the 
costliest  of  carpets, .  curtains  and  furniture, 
where  the  walls  are  as  bare  as  a  side-walk,  and 
and  about  as  suggestive  in  all  that  pertains  to 
matters  of  art  and  refined  taste.  There  is  evi- 
dence of  wealth,  but  at  the  same  time  an  utter 
lack  of  that  appreciation  of  the  way  in  which  it 
should  be  used  that  it  may  render  the  greatest 
amount  of  return  in  all  that  redounds  to  culture 
and  esthetic  taste.  It  reminds  one  of  the  bar- 
baric splendor  and  show;  of  a  wish  to  astonish 
rather  than  to  charm;  of  great  opportunities 
with  feeble  realizations  of  the  fact.  On  the 
other  hand,  many  a  humble  home,  never 
guilty  of  entertaining  a  LSrussels  carpet  or  a 
marble  top  table,  has  such  an  attractive  look, 
as  one  opens  the  door,  that  it  seems  like  seeing 
the  face  of  an  old  friend,  and  almost  wholly 
because  it  is  so  tastily  furnished  with  pictures, 
ill  appropriate  positions,  well  fitted  to  the  gen- 
eral size  and  hight  of  the  room.  There  is  a 
cosy  air  about  the  surroundings  which  makes 
.one  seem  at  home,  and  a  different  feeling  is 
imparted  from  that  felt  where  there  is  more 
wealth  exhibited,  but  less  culture. 

There  is  no  excuse  for  a  lack  of  pictures  of 
some  sort,  for  the  cheapness  of  engravings  and 
chromos  place  them  within  the  reach  of  the 
poorest.  It  is  not  necessary  that  they  should 
be  oil  paintings,  or  in  expensive  frames;  even 
the  cheaper  chronios,  or  an  engraving,  or  per- 
chanco  a  delicately  tinted  water  sketch  or 
crayon,  may  be  more  appropriate  as  compared 
with  the  furniture  than  one  more  expensive. 
But  in  these  days  when  the  engraver  and  litho- 
grapher have  scattered  the  choice  productions 
of  their  handicraft  so  cheaply  all  over  the 
country,  there  is  hardly  any  reason  why  even 
the  humblest  home  may  not  have  a  variety  of 
attractive  pictures  hung  upon  the  walls  to 
break  the  dull  monotony  of  white  plaster,  or 
the  stereotyped  figures  of  paper  hangings.  And 
in  the  more  luxurious  furnished  parlors,  there 
is  no  excuse  for  a  lack  of  pictures,  save  a  want 
of  proper  taste  in  the  occupants,  which  may  be, 
let  us  charitably  hope,  more  their  misfortune 
than  their  fault. — Cabinet  Maker. 


To  Brown  Potatoes  Under  Meat. — Boil  some 
fine,  large,  mealy  potatoes;  take  off  the  skins 
carefully,  and  about  an  hour  before  the  meat  is 
cooked  put  them  in  the  dripping  pan,  having 
well  dredged  them  with  flour.  Before  serving, 
drain  them  from  any  grease,  and  serve  them  up 
hot. 


The  Hesse  Grinder   and   Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN   ."USE! 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuxet  Ores. 

LOBD  h  PETERS,  Agents, 
304  Battery  street,  San.  Francisco,  Cal. 
f&-  Send  for  Circular.  13v24-3m 


Our  Beds. — Considering  that  about  a  third 
of  our  lives  is  passed  in  our  beds,  they  deserve 
much  more  attention  than  they  get.  Prance 
has  long  been  in  advance  of  the  rest  of  the  civ- 
ilized world  in  this  respect,  having  really  paid 
as  careful  attention  in  excellence  in  this  respect 
as  to  that  in  cookery.  The  grand  secret  of  the 
superiority  of  French  bedding  is  to  be  found 
not  merely  in  the  existence  of  good  springs  and 
well-filled  mattresses,  but  in  the  fact  that  these 
mattresses  are  pulled  and  re-made  annually. 
This  is  the  reason  why  beds  in  other  a  countries 
are  generally  such  a  mockery  of  the  French 
beds,  which  they  are  intended  to  imitate. 
French  houses  usually  have  a  court-yard  be- 
hind, in  which  carpets  are  beaten  and  various 
other  domestic  business  is  transacted,  and  here, 
in  fine  weather  may  be  seen  the  practice  of 
mattress  stuffing.  An  old  mattress,  on  which 
heavy  bodies  have  lain  for  a  series  of  years,  be- 
comes, no  matter  how  well  filled  with  horse 
hair,  nearly  as  springy  as  street-car  cushions. 
If  you  want  a  comfortable  bed,  here  is  the  un- 
failing receipt:  First,  very  good  springs;  second- 
ly, a  thick  hair  mattress  over  them;  thirdly,  a 
thick  wool  mattress  over  that.  Both  mattresses 
should  be  remade  every  two  years.  ' 

Poached  Eggs.— These  are  often  brought  to 
the  table  sloppy  with  water,  the  yolks  salvy  and 
broken,  and  the  whole  in  a  mussy  state.  The 
right  way  to  do  is  to  have  the  water  in  the  flat- 
bottomed  dish  or  spider,  boiling,  and  then  place 
it  on  the  top  of  the  stove  where  it  will  keep  at 
that  heat  but  not  boil  a  particle.  Break  the 
eggs  one  by  one  and  turn  them  into  the  water 
carefully,  so  as  to  keep  them  in  nice  form,  the 
water  being  about  an  inch  or  two  deep.  Let  the 
eggs  remain  two  minutes,  then  lift  each  one  out 
on  a  small  skimmer  and  place  them  neatly  side 
by  side  on  a  platter  or  on  toast;  and  they  will 
be  handsome  on  the  table,  as  well  as  taste  deli- 
ciously. 

"SVatee  Gingerbread. — Half  a  pound  of  flour, 
and  half  a  pound  of  the  coarsest  brown  sugar, 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  butter,  one  desertspoon- 
ful  of  allspice,  two  ditto  of  ground  ginger,  the 
peel  of  half  a  lemon  grated,  and  the  whole  of 
the  juice;  mix  all  these  ingredients  together, 
adding  about  half  a  pound  of  treacle,  so  as  to 
make  a  paste  sufficiently  thin  to  spread  upon 
sheet  tins;  beat  it  well,  butter  the  tins,  and 
spread  very  thinly  over  them ;  bake  it  in  rather 
a  slow  oven,  and  watch  it  till  done.  Withdraw 
the  tins,  cut  it  in  squares  with  a  knife  the  usual 
size  of  wafer  biscuits,  and  roll  each  around  the 
fingers  as  it  is  raised  from  the  tin. 

The  Bedding  of  the  Dutch  workingman,  says 
the  English  Mechanic,  in  an  interesting  article 
on  Dutch  industry,  is  made  up  of  kapok,  a 
silky  fibre  from  the  tree  gourd  of  a  tree  known 
in  the  Indies.  From  the  seed  is  obtained  oil, 
and  cattle  are  fed  with  the  refuse.  Neither 
moths  or  vermin  will  attack  this  material,  and 
hence  the  Dutch  are  helped  by  Nature  in  keep- 
ing their  households  wholesome.    - 


CRAIG-   &    BBEVOORT'S 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 


NO.   1. 

The  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  in- 
tended to  bo  attached  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  briuging  it  within  the  class  of  low  pressure,  or 
wore  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  its  work,  in  the  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  is  con- 
ducted to  the  condenser,  on  its  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  pump,  and  is  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  section  of  the 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

The  flange  D  is  bolted  to  the  suction  orifice  of  the 
pump,  and  the  flange  S  to  the  pipe  leading  to  the  wellt 
or  whatever  sourco  of  supply  the  pump  may  have;  W  is 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  the  suction  pipe,  S,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  'at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  the  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valve  to  enlarge  or  contract  the  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  The  pipo  P,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  as 
guide  to  float  F. 

The  valve,  0,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem — shown  coming 
through,  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpoBe  of  in- 
creasing or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
the  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  is  attached. 


NO.  2. 

The  exhaust  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E ;  the  exhauBt  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  side  of  the  steam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  time  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhaust  pipe 
into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  the  steam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  done  the 
pump  is  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    AddrefiB  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  Now  York  City. 


MOLDING,    MOETISIKG, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROIX    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  Railroad,  Car,  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,.Etc. 
fl&~  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

A.  FAY  &   CO., 

CiNciMNAxr,  Ohio. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Mff.l         'FUf.2  Fit/.  3  TJ&4 

i   §    i   ® 

Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill- Burrs.  Emery-Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  2Jth,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv2i-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St,,  N,  T. 


April  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


267 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.   BENNETT, 
S4TA.TISTIOIA.3y. 

R..|.orta  ami   r.timat*.  roado  about  all   d.|>artliKota  nt 

I'r.ltiLtiijn,  t'umiuerco,  and  Manufacture,  of  the  Pacific 
CoaBC  5.24-11 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Surg-eon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  10)  Stockton  street Son  Francisco,  Cal. 

a./"  Surgical    c*«*»   fnnu   tbo  country   received  ami 
treated  at  the  Homeopathic  Hospital. 
All  letters  answered  promptly. 


jhu  ■. 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

\  1   1  in;  m:  \  s  \  M)  (  oi   n  vKl.ints  AT  LAW, 

In  Bulldlnit  of  PaolOe   Insurance  Co.   K.    K.  corner  0*H 

'uinlaano  LeldemJorfl  street*, 

HAN   PRANOICO. 

Spectacles    My    Specialty.    * 


0.  MULLER,  Opti.-inn. 
205  Montgomery  street.  Rusk  Block. 

JOHN  ROACH,   Optician, 

429   Montgomery   Street, 

S.  W.  comer  Sacramento. 
Surveying.  Irulrumeuta  maoe.  repaired  and  adjusted 

t>rl7-Bm 


N.    P.    LANQLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

HCnOLL    SA.WYEK, 

NO.  *K'.  UrnlHiau  Street SAN  FltANClSCO. 

And  No.  0  Cj  St..  bet.  First  ami  Second, 


•Jlv'ii.lf 


Sackamkntu. 


»■.   •    m  t,  ,'...  HXffKT  KIMBALL. 

BARTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

&05  Cluy  »trwel, (southwest  tor.  Sanaome), 
UTlMn  BAN  FRANCISCO. 


WAJV    FUANCIHCO 

CORDAG  E     C  OMPANY. 

Manilti  Hope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  bund.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

36     '  6U  and  613  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen. 

213  Mission  street,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  nt  Millwright  Work, 
eajMoialiy  to  the  erection  of  KLOUR  MILLS,  DISTIL- 
LERIES, etc.    Alao,  CoRKlnK  Mill  and  Steamship  Wheolu. 

Manufacturers  of  Nasb'a  t'ntta  Grain  Separators.  Build- 
era  of  Improved  Hydraulic  Wino  Presses,  Grape  Stein  mere 
and  Crunbora,  eto.  I5v*iVfim 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL      ENGRAVER, 
AND  LETTER  CUTTEB, 

Bi-aA8  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  60s  Sacramento  street, 
8an  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FKANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  8TEVEN8 President. 

K.N.  VAN  BKUNT Ooshier. 


BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  streot,  San  Francisco. 
25v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 
MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

— FOE— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum   Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.     :J41     KEAKXY     STKERT, 
Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  FranciBCO. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Selveb.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieceB  Fitted. 


.       STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 
GHAND,   SfttTAEE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos   to   Let-  £S|Sfelj 

A.    HETMAK, 
I  street,  botween  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
tnalS-U  Opposite  eld  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


ALFRED    S.    MOORE    &    CO., 

428  SANSOME   STREET SAN  PRANCISCO. 


H 

H 

M 

4 

H 
U 

Q 


0 

B 
> 

M 
/ 


Importers    mid    Dealers    in 

Iron  and  Brass  Force  and  Lift  PUMPS,  Hydraulic  Rams, 

GARDEN   ENGINES, 

BUTCHERS-  PICKLE  PUMPS, 

CHEAP  DEEP  WELL  LIFT  PUMPS, 

DEEP  WELL  FORCE  PUMPS, 

BOILER  FEED  PUMPS, 

STEEL  AMALGAM  FARM  BELLS, 
PIPE  HOSE,  HOSE  PIPES, 

COUPLINGS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

The  above  named  goods  are  unequaled  for  finish  by  any  others  in  the  market,  and  the.  prices  will  compare 
favorably.  For  instance,  the  price  of  the  Three-inch  Force  PUMP  represented  in  the  cut,  with  air  chamber  hav- 
ing two  outlets,  is  FIFTEEN  DOLLARS.  Illustrated  Catalogue  sent  upon  application.  Pipe  cut  to  any  required 
length,  and  estimates  furoiBbed.  18v3-lam-bp, 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 


FISHER'S 
KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 

Cheapest  and   Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 


MA0BDE8 

Manufactured 

TO  ORDER, 

to    throw    from 

Ono 

to  an 

eight- inch 

STREAM. 


The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
9V23-tf  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE-I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, BellinR  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  & 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hoskin,  asihe  same  is  an  infringement  upon  tho  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER, 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST   PREMTTJlit 
American  Institute,  1867  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  HANUFACTTTKEE 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-Aotiug 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED    IN     ENGLAND,    BELGIUM     AND 
FRANCE.      SEND  FOB  CIECDLAIt. 

22v26t-eow 


California  File  Manuf 'g  Co. 

Potrcro,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
Btreets,  San  Franciboo. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
REAPER  AND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
AND  KNIVES  COSfPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  60  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  8vl9-by 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Milker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Dies, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.        19v23-3m 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 
of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  Bhortest  notice  by  Apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  510  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v2i-3m 


Hydraulic    Miners,     Attention ! 


If  yon  wish  to  keep  up  with  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLL* 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR.  These  are  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Patent,  and  infringo  on  uo  others. 

Manufacture  J  of  any  itae  to  suit .  Are  in  use  under 
all  purposes,  from  443  feet  down. 

WILL  DISCHARGE  FULLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  "WATER  than  any  other,  under  the 
asms  circumstances. 

Au  injimctie.il  fn>m  the  D.  S.  District  Court  is  now  in 
(pro  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  using 
ta.'  same  will  be  duly  prosecuted. 

I  fully  guarantee  my  customers  against  all  damages 
fur  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  &  CORY.  Marynvillo;  J.  H.  NAHH.l'lu- 
cervillc;  P.  SMITH,  at  Locke  &  Montague's  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Hole  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,   under  Allouwood's, 
Masey's,  Rice's,  Craig'n,  and  HuskuVs  Patents. 
HJVJ4t( 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   811    CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  havo  constantly  on  hand 
SNORTING, 

MINTING, 

-AJKl    SJJA.&'XMIVG 

POWDER, 

Of    SUPERIOR    QUALITY,    FRESH    BROM    THE 

MILLS.    It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
Into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 
We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold   Medals 

By  tho  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  tho  STATE  AG- 
RIODLTTJBAI,  SOCIETY   lor   the   superiority   ol   o  1 1 
products  over  all  otherB. 
Wo  also  call  attention  to  out 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  bust  blastin 
powdeb,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  onr  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBURGr,   PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gammers, 
Etc,  Eto. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $25,  $35,  $40,  $55  and  $100.    DIAMOND  TURN 
ING  TOOLS,  $15  each. 

SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From    40    cents    to    $113    each. 


Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  tiles,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  "WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  AVORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY 

118  Front  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent  Combination  Carbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting.  Packing, 

ValveB,   Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 


12vt3-3m 


J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Ag-ent. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 
MICROSCOPE©. 

Illustrated    Price    List    sent    free. 

ntagric  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  Ulustrated,    sent    free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York. 

3v23-ly 


RICHARD  H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 

City    and    County    Surveyor. 

Office— Room  1G,  City  Hall.  Ilv24-3m 


268 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  27,  1872. 


Iatents  &  Inventions. 


Full  List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to 
Pacific   Coast   Inventors. 

[Feom  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  CO.,  TJ.  S.  and 

Foreign  Patent  Agents,  and  Publishers   of 

the  soientifio  press.] 

For  the  Week  Ending  April  16th,  1872. 
Fruit  Drier. — George  W.  Stevens  and  John  Gray,  San 

Francisco,  Cal.,  assignors  to  said  Stevens. 
Lamp  Braoket  and  Reflector. — Emil  Boesch,  S.  F., 

Cal. 
Forming  Blocks  for  Pavements. — George  L.  Eagan, 

S.  F.,  Cal. 
Fare  Bos.— Carlton  Newman,  S.  F.,  Cal.,  assignor^ 

himself,  George  P.  Kimball,  and  R.  L.  Ogden. 

Note.— Copies  of  TJ.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  {patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  less  time  than  by  any  other 
agency 


An  Invention  Wanted. 

A  great  deal  of  attention  is  being  turned 
to  the  new  African  Diamond  fields  and 
numberless  adventurers  from  all  parts  of 
the  world  are  going  there.  We  gave,  in  a 
recent  issue  a  detailed  description  of  the 
diamond  fields,  the  proper  route  by  which 
to  go,  expenses  of  living,  transportation, 
etc.,  and  now  invite  the  attention  of  some 
genius  to  overcome  a  difficulty  that  exists 
there,  in'the_  matter  of  properly  crushing 
the  matrix  of  the  diamond.  The  earth  in 
which  they  are  found,  of  which  there-  are 
several  specimens  to  be  seen  in  this  city, 
is  a  whitish  cement  like  formation,  which 
is  easily  reduced  to  a  powder  by  a  blow. 
It  occurs  in  pockets  of  considerable  su- 
perficial area  which  are  scattered  about  at 
short  distances  apart  all  over  the  oouutry. 
These  deposits  are  enclosed  in  slaty  rocks 
which  sometimes  "  crop  out." 

The  method  of  mining  is  by  sinking  a 
shaft  as  far  as  pay  dirt  is  found,  and  some 
of  the  shafts  have  been  sunk  as  deep  as  70 
feet.  The  cement  is  raised  and  carried  to 
a  sorting  table  where  it  is  pulverized  by 
hand,  by  means  of  wooden  mallets,  care 
being  taken  not  to  injure  the  diamond  in 
the  operation.  This  pulverized  material 
is  spread  out  and  scanned  carefully  for 
the  precious  gems  and  the  miner  may 
consider  himself  fortunate  if  he  finds  one 
small  one  in  a  week.  Sharp-sighted  men 
have  the  best  chance. 

Now  one  of  the  inventions  needed  is  a 
machine  by  which  this  cement  can  be 
crushed  to  not  less  than  one  thirty-second 
of  an  inch  in  size,  and  that  can  be  run  by 
horse-power  or  hand.  It  must  also  effect 
the  object  desired  without  injury  to  the 
diamonds  contained  in  the  cement.  The 
cement  is  a  little  more  adhesive  than  dried 
mortar.  The  other  invention  wanted  is  a 
separating  machine  which  shall  require 
no  water  and  at  the  same  time  be  reliable. 
The  river  diggings  have  all  been  exhausted 
and  the  present  fields  are  dry.  Here  is  a 
chance  for  some  of  our  California  inventors 
to  exercise  their  ingenuity  and  perpetuate 
their  names.     Who  shall  it  be  ? 


Devil's  Ink. — We  have  received  the  fol- 
lowing in  a  drop  letter  through  the  S.  V 
post  office.  It  appears  to  be  the  hand 
writing  of  the  eminent  Boston  scientist 
whose  name  is  appended  to  it.  The  sub- 
stance referred  to,  and  of  which  the  analy 
sis  is  given,  is  what  is  popularly  known  as 
the  "Devil's  Ink,"  obtained  at  the  Geysers 
near  Calistbga,  in  Napa  county: 

One  hundred  grains  of  this  ink  yielded 
au  analysis  (per  cent) . 

Water 84.3 

Sulphuric  acid  and  sulphur 1.3 

Protosulphide  of  iron , 2.8 

Silica ■ 10^3 

Alumina 1.2 

Soda,  a  little  lime  and  loss o!l 

100.0 

The  black  color  of  this  ink  is  produced 

by    precipitated    protosulphide   of    iron. 

thrown   down  by    an    alkaline    sulphide) 

probably  of  soda.  O.  T.  Jackson. 

Boston,  Feb.  4th,  1872. 

Mining  intelligence  from  Trinity  and 
Siskiyou  counties  is  encouraging. 


Mining  Sales.— According  to  the  Quincy 
National,  it  is  again  rumored  that  the  Eu- 
reka mine  has  been  sold  to  an  English 
company  for  $1,00(1,000.  The  National 
puts  little  faith  in  the  report,  but  says  that 
negotiations  for  some  such  trade  are  pend- 
ing, and  will  probably  be  perfected  as 
soon  as  the  title  can  be  secured  by  patent. 

The  Conrad  ditch  property,  at  Jenny 
Lind,  has  been  sold,  it  is  said,  to  Craig  & 
Co.,  of  this  city,  and  the  ditch  is  to  be  en- 
larged to  suit  the  increasing  gravel  mining 
interests  of  that  locality. 

The  sum  of  $80,000  has  been  paid  by 
88l.  D.  E.  Buel,  of  Salt  Lake,  for  a  gold 
mine  at  San  Gabriel,  Lower  California. 

Jas.  Southal  has  sold  his  interest  in  the 
Virginia  mine,  at  Yankee  ;  Blade,  for 
$2,000. 

The  Battlesnake  gulch  claims  have  been 
sold  to  Bichards,  Yeates  &  Larison,  and 
water  will  be  put  upon  them  from  the 
Plumas  ditch. 

It  is  rumored  that  the  Mammoth  mine, 
at  Jamison,  has  changed  hands. 

The  Quincy  National  says  that  the  Hun- 
garian Hill  claims  are  about  to  be  sold  to 
capitalists  in  this  city.     No  figures  given. 

Peace  Biver  Mines.— The  Deer  Lodge 
Independent  has  received  a  letter  from  a 
correspondent  at  Peace  Biver  in  which 
he  says  that  prospecting  there  is  like  look- 
ing for  gold  in  the  Arctic,  regions.  The 
gold  is  scatered  all  over  the  country  but 
thinly  sown.  Some  few  men  are  making 
money  but  the  majority  are  not.  The 
writer  advises  all  who  can  make  a  living 
elsewhere  not  to  go  to  Peace  Biver.  The 
old  story  of  rash  excitement  on  no  firm 
basis.  Lots  of  gold  till  you  get  there  and 
then  it  is  "  thinly  sown.  "  But  prospect- 
ers  will  seldom  listen  to  reason  and  ad- 
vice but  want  to  see  for  themselves;  and 
they  generally  do  see,   often  to  their  sor- 


A  circular  has  been  issued  inviting 
subscriptions  for  45,000  shares  in  the  Great 
Western  Telegraph  Company,  which  pro- 
poses to  lay  telegraph  cables  direct  from 
England  to  New  York,  and  thence  to  the 
West  Indies.  Shares  are  twenty  pounds 
each,  i  The  total  capital  of  the  company  is 
fixed  at  £1,350,000.  The  Messrs.  Hooper 
will  make  and  lay  the  cables  for  £1,330,000. 

The  contract  for  constructing  the  Cana- 
dian North  Shore  Bailroad  has  been 
awarded  to  Messrs.  Dunlap,  Smith  & 
Keith,  of  Chicago,  who  competed  with 
Canadian  and  English  firms  for, the  job. 
The  road  is  to  cost  $7,000,000,  and  be 
completed  in  1875. 


Califoknia  Machdjeky  foe  the  East. — Mr. 
J.  Hendy,  of  this  city,  is  now  filling  an  order 
for  one  of  his  ore  concentrators  for  a  Cincin- 
nati firm,  to  be  used  for  concentrating  iron  ore. 


Captain  Hall  has  been  heard  from. 
He  was  in  Greenland  in  the  Polaris  and  all 
reported  well. 


Mr.   W.    H.  Webb  the  eminent  ship- 
owner and  ship-builder  is  in  town. 


During  the    past    ten   years  Montana 
mines  produced  over  $120,000,000. 


New  and  Valuable  Book  on  Mining. — The  "Ex- 
plorers', Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion."— By 
J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.,  of  SanFranoisco;  Dewey  &  Co. 
This  book  has  been  written  especially  for  practical 
men,  to  supply  a  demand  and  meet  their  daily  require- 
ments for  useful  working  purposes,  in  the  exploration, 
mining  andreduction  operations  of  new  countries;  and 
for  sucli  men,  it  is  by  far  the  mo6t  comprehensive,  pre- 
eminently practical  and  valuable  work  that  we  have 
seen.  It  is,  however,  just  as  useful  to  the  mining  cap- 
italists as  for  those  to  whom  it  has  been  dedicated, 
for  the  author  has  so  fully  exposed  the  many  errors  of 
the  past  and  present,  (more  especially  those  caused 
by  the  mere  thereorist)  with  his  fearless,  practical  pen, 
that  consequent  benefit  must  result  therefrom  in  the 
future  mining  operations  of  this  country.  The  know- 
ledge obtained  from  his  long  and  thoughtful  experi- 
ence is  consecutively  well  arranged,  and  every  subject 
is  treated  in  plain  style  with  language  familiar  to 
ordinary  readers;  all  the  sections  of  mineralogy,  explo- 
ration, assaying,  mining  and  metallurgy  are  teeming 
with  appropriate  originality,  and  contain  vast  quanti- 
ties of  useful  information  not  found  elsewhere;  whilst 
the  writer  has  shown  an  intimate  knowledge  of  all  the 
numerous  Bubjeots  treated,  and  has  fully  sustained  the 
title,  by  supplying  a  most  efficient  companion  to  the 
miner  and  metallurgist,— [S.  F.  Republican. 


Daily  Weather  Record, 

By  the  TJ.  S.  Armt  Signal  Service,  for  the  Week 
Ending  Wednesday,  April  24, 1872. 


i3 

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Thu...i8 

30.03 

■ 

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l- 

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« 

Fri..,19 

.10  24 

51 

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3 

Presh 

4-4 

Cloudy 

cO 

Sat.. .20 

30.14 

,11 

70  Calm 

Clear 

Sun./Jl 

30.14 

30 

79Calm 

Clear 

30.16 

3 

79  Calm 

Hazy 

a 

TU....23 

29.99 

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Brisk 

Clear     . 

m 

Wed. .24 

29.97 

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TI1U...I8 

30.15 

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4 

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1-4 

Fair 

£1 

Fri.,.. IS 

30.12 

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93Calm 

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Sat... .21) 
Sun... 21 

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Mon .  .22 

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TU....23 

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Wed.. 2-1 

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TI1U..I8 

Fri.. ..IK 

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Sun.. 21 

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Mon.  .22 

29.83 

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TU....23 

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Wed.. 24 

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4  Gentle 

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Thu..ll 

30.11 

31 

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Fri...l! 

30.00 

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Sat... 21 

30.11 

3H 

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Mon..  a 

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Tu.,.,2; 

30.0 

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Wed.. 24 

29.75 

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3.7 

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Thu..l8 

30.111 

32  09 

NW 

4 

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Sri.  .1! 

29.  ir. 

37 

■13 

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1-9 

Fair 

a 

Sat...  21 

29.  K- 

3/ 

33 

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>> 

Sun.. 21 

311.21 

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Mon.. 22 

30.  J  £ 

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Tu....2L 

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Wed.  .21 

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Thu..W 

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33 

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Fri..  .11 

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fe 

Sat... .21 

29. M 

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Sun  .  .21 

39.27 

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1' 

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Mon.. 2^1 
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9' 

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Light 

Cloudy 

29.97 

54 

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N   W 

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Fair 

Wed.. 21 

2!)  72 

50132  Clear 

Cloudy 

Tim..  1.3 

20.89 

41 

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N"W 

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4-1 

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Cloudy 

Fri  . .  .1! 

29.7 

11 

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Sat. ..21 

29. .V 

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3 

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1.1 

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Fair 

a 

Sun. .21 

33.07 

ll 

3 

fv    W 

211 

Brisk 

1-2 

Mon.  .22 

30.25 

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31 

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29.7.- 

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12 

s.w. 

« 

Fresh 

1-1 

Wed.  24 

39  (3 

1.3 

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hH 

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29.77 

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3 

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Sat... 21 

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Sun.. 2: 

2933 

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411 

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0 

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29.9.' 

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Haey 

Mining  Shareholders*  Directory — Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scien- 
tific Pases  and  other  San  JTranciaco  journals,] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNt  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OE  ASSESSMENT.  DELINQUENT.      OF  SALE, 

Alps  S.  M.  Co.  Nev.,  March  1,  75c April  9— April  30 

Buckeye  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  23,51.25.  ...April  26— May  15 
Cons.Yirginia  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  19,  $3.Apr.  24— May  18 
Daney  M.  Co.,  Lyon  Co.,  April  3,  $1.50. .  .May  9— May  27 

Francis M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  6,  SI May  14— June  4* 

Golden  Chariot,  Idaho T.,  Aprill2,S1.50.May22-J"uue  18 
Grand  Duke  M.  Co.,  U.  T.,  Mar.  5,  25c.  .April  15— May  15 

Ida  Elmore,  Idaho,  March  6.  $3 April  11 — May  10 

Ingomai-  S.  M.  Co.,  Ely,  April  2,  25c May  8— May  31* 

Hnnh&  Hunt  3.M.Oo.,Ncv.,Mar.20,  25c.  .Apr.29--May  27 

Jackson  M.  Co.,  NeV.,  April  3,  25c May  6— May  25 

Julia  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  $5. May  25— Jiiiie  15 

KincaidFlat,  W.  P.,  April  23,  £3 May  27^Iune  17* 

Knickerbocker,  M.  Co.Nev.,  Mar.  23,  50c.Apr.27— May  17 
Lemon  M.  and  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Apr  1,  $t.May  7-June-12 
Louise  M.  Co.,  Nevada,  April  0,  10c. ..  .May  14 -June  10 
Lyons  &  Wheeler  Co.,  A.T.,  April  6. 10c. May  15-Juno  3* 
Magnolia  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  25c. May  25— June  20 
Mahogany  M.  Co.,  I.  T.,  April  3,  $1.50. .  .May  11— June  3 

Marcelina  S.  M.  Co.  Mar.  8, 10c April  15 — May  7* 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Apr.  3,  30c.  May  frr-May  22* 
Nevada  L.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  March  28,  4c. May 2,  May 24* 
Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadalupe,  May  12,  $2, Ap  15 — May  8* 
OphirS.  &  G.  M.  Co.  Cal.  Mar.  18,  20c.  April  20— May  7 

Ophir  9.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  17,  $5 Mav  22-^Tune  13 

Overmans.  M.  Co,  Gold  Hill,  Mar.  18,  $4.  Apr.13—  May  13 

Page  &  Pauaca,  Nev.  April  12, 60c May  20— June  15 

Peter  WalterM.  Co. Placer  Co.Mar.ll,  Sl.Apr.18— May  6 

PhcenixS.  M.,  Nev.,  Mar.  19,  75c April  24— May  15 

Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  April  16,  40c. .  .May  20— June  19* 
Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Feb.  25,  $5. .April  6— May  6* 
San  Bueuaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  $l.Fob.  29— Mar.  29 

Siempre  Viva  Co.,  Mex.,Mar.  25,  30c May  2 — May  20* 

S.  Gold  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Apr  1,  $2.50 ..  May  6— May  27 
S.  F.  M.  Co.,  UtahTer.,  April  13,  25c. .  .May  16— Juoe8* 
Silver  "Wave,  W.  P.,  Nev.  Apr.  10,  50c. May  14— June  13* 
Spring  Mt.  Tunnel  Co. .April  11, 15c .  .May  20— June  10* 
Succor  M.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  20,  $2.  .April  23— May  15 

Sumner,  Kern  Co.,  April  11,  $10 May  22 — June  21 

TallulahM.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  5,  S1.50 May  7— June  4 

Tecumseh  G.S  &C.M.Co.Cal.Mar.20,$3.Apr.  23— Mayl4* 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  11,  SI May  13— June  3* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Adams  Hill  Con .  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Baltimore  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  April  29 

Belcher  S.  M.  Co .- Special  Meeting,  May  24 

Best  &  Belcher  M.Co Meeting  May  13 

Cayuga  Cjliei.... , Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Central  Coal  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Consolidated  Virginia .Special  Meeting,  May  20 

Cotopaxi  S.  M.  Co , Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Empire  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Eureka  M.  Co ..Annual  MeetingMay  7 

Golden  Age  &  Empire  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  27 

Greene  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  April  27 

Gold  Canon  Cons.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  April  29 

Hale  &Norcross Special  Meeting,  May  30 

Independent  G.  M.  Co '.Meeting  May  8 

Independence Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Noonday  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  April  29 

Oneida  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Orients.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Original  Hidden  Treasure  M  Co.  ..'.Annual  Meet,  May  7 

Peavine  S.  M.  Co .- Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Pioche  S.  M.  Co Anmial  Meeting,  May  6 

Sierra  Butte  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Spring  Mountain  Tunnel  Co Annual  Meetiug  May  9 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $20 Payable  April  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Cro-\vn  Point,  $25 Payable  April  12 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM.  Co.!  perct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.50 Payable  April  13 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  March  8 

Raymond  &  ElyM.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  April  10 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 

State  University.— The  next  term  of  the  Prepara 
tory  Department  will  begin  April  20th,  1872. 

The  course  of  study  embraces  the  Ancient  and  the 
Modern  Languages  and  the  higher  Mathematics,  and  is 
specially  adapted  to  the  University  curriculum. 

Terms,  $12  a  term.  GEORGE  TAIT,  Oakland. 

13v3bp-tf 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market 

Corrected  weeklj  by  Hooker  A  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street 

PRICES  FOB  INVOICES 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quotations. 

THTJESDAY,  April  25, 1872 

Iron.— 

Scotch  and  English  Pig  Iron, "®  ton $55  00    @  60  00 

"White  PiR,  $4  ton 52  00    @ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^  tt> —  03)£@  —  Ofi 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  1ft  B> —  06    ftfl  —  07 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  05    @  —  06 

Plate, Ho.  &to9 > *•* —08    @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 ;...,. —  Ofi^@  —  07 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 :*  —07    S  —  09 

Sheet, No. 24  to 27 —  Qfj    @  —  ■=*■ 

-HoHeSho&s....../- ; 8  00    @ 

Nail  Rod 1\ 

Norway  Iron 9 

Rolled  Iron -. 6    -1 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.        6    @        7 

Copper. —  .  „ 

Sheathing,  33  ft i :::;  —24    @  —  28 

Shefttoing.yeUa*"" i.ii —34    ©  —  f§, 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  U    @  —  Ilk 

Composition  Nads : .-;  —  24         — 

Composition  Bolts —  24         — 

Tin  Plains.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  f>  box 12  00 

Plates,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00        10  30 

Roofing  Plates - 11  00 r 

BancaTin,  Slabs,  ^  B) —  43 

Steel  —English  Cast,  "$  lb —  16        —  17 

Drill ..; 1G  17 

Flat  Bar ;.....;....       17  20 

Plough  Points...... i..,.'  3  7S 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 12'£ 

Quicksilver.— $  ft —  85 

LEAD.-Pig,  $  lb —06        — 06& 

Sheet —  08        —   B# 

Pipe —    9        —  10 

Bar 08         —  09 

ZiNC.-SheetB,  ^  lb —  10        —  10& 

Borax,— Refined —25.       -  30 

Borax,  crude —    5 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Ptoh  st.  j  . 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  April  25, 1872. 

Sole  Leather.— The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  suppiy, 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  ^  ft 2fi@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  &  ft 26@29 

Country  Leather,  ^  ft 25@28 

Stockton  Leal  her,  ^  ft 26(929 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,  8KU.,  perdoz $«J  00@ 

Jodot.ll  tol9Kil..pordoz 76  00®  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice.  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz. 60  00(g)  76  00 

Lenioino,  16  to  18  Kil  ,^doz  75  00@  77  50 

Le?io,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  00@  70  00 

Coi-ncllian,  16  Kil., perdoz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12 to  14  Kil.,  perdoz 60  00@  63  00 

OgerauCalf,  W  doZ 54  00® 

Simon,  18  K.\i.Mdoz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  $  doz , 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  %  doe 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil.. 35  00@  40  00 

French  Kips,  f.  ft 1  (Q®    1  30 

California  Kip,  $  doz 60  00  to  80  00 

French  Sh?ep,  all  colors,  ^  doi! 1500 

EaSteniCalf  forBacks,%i  lb, 1  J5@    135 

Sheep  Roahs  for  Tppping,all  colors,  $  doz ....    9  (Kt@  1 3  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  LinlngS.fi  doz ;...    5  ftOig  10  50 

California  RuseettSheBp  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Calf  Boot  Legs,  $nair S  1W 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Lags,  ^  pair 4  50©    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,^  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  %  ft;...; JfO®    37^ 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  %  doz 48  00®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,®  lb a4@    37W 

Welt  Leather,  «i  doz ; SO  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  $  foot 18@       21 

Wax  Side  Leather.®  foot 18®      20 


A  NEW  BOOK  ON  MINING. 
The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  tho 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration.  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  OiO  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  coin) ;  in  leather,  $12.  Forwarded  by  mail,  in 
cloth,  $11.40,  currency;  in  leather,  $13.75.  Issued  and 
for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  PubliBh 
ers  Scientific  Press,  S.  F. 


RICHARD  H.  BUEL,  Consulting  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 
Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  Ireferpar- 
ticulafly  to  Professor  K.  H.  Thurston,  of  tho  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  iu  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 

10v24-13t     , 

$5  to  $20  per  Day  and  no  Rise.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  "White  "Wire  ClotheB  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  "Wire  "Works,  75  William  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-12mbp 


Ladies  Desiring  to  Procure  a  Febst-Clabs  Sewing 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21vl-12mbp 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 

FAIRBANK'S. 


THE    UNITED    STATES 

STANDARD. 

6,000  to  40,000  Pounds  Capacity. 

THE    SAME     SCALE     IS     USED    FOR    WEIGHING 
CATTLE,    HOGS,    ETC. 

Scales  of  every  kind.    Address 

FAIRBANKS  &  HUTCHINSON, 

126  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

Agents  for  Miles'  At.mim  Money  Deaweks. 
' 17v3-eoTvbp6m 

SGr  BCY  BAEBEK'S   BIT   BKACE.  "«l 


April  27,  1872. j 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


269 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 

Srifntift-     I'rej*    iff  a'r  rV-/|</../  I"  ■/■•  '■•  }•"•'    M     R 

(11.9— irACrA  l.  (Afl  r*»>  iulril  AoMf  tM  «in  r«r*u<<  aj»<rfi»rm*«l*. 


Francis    Mining    Company—  Location    of 

world  .'>-.  California. 

•  Ii-r.t.)  ftVMfc  LtUl   ill  11  in   •  ting  »t  the  Board  of 
TrunU'«*»  ut    makI  i.il   th«  Mil   tUU    Ol      \pnl. 

1-7  j.  an  lavaasuinl  ol  oil"  dollar  par  ihan  «  j~  levied  apoa 

thr  fArm*l  nunk  vl   Mitl  ouiopany,  |>a>al»l«  iiuuk 

United  SiAt.-*  u.-I.J  ;ti..|  Pllver  ooin,  £0  tl  1 

company,  H9  California  ttreet,  Ban   Franotaoo,  Oal      knj 

■look  upiiu  »  hiuli  «At>l  nwi-^niMiii   -lull  t 'in.iiii  unpaid  un 

tlia  lliti<lA>  ->\    M  ,|..  ,;,.,!   delin 

«  Hi  t»-  duly  advarliafd  for  "ml*  at   pul.uc  auction,  ami  nn- 

manl  inall  ba  made  before,  ml|  b 
mi.-  Ithdajof 

■    with  opati  ol  advertUtiMf  uul  «ip«iwe«  of  m»Iv. 
Hi  ordor  of  th.-  Board 

1.  1     1  RON  18  K,  Secretory. 
Oroce.  <t0*»  California  ■  trr.-t.  Sad  mncjsvo.  <  al. 

Ingomar  Silver  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Ely  Mining  District,  Lincoln  Ooant), 
siat.. .,(  Nevada, 

Notioe  la  hanoi  gifna.  th*t  at «  rii'—tinjrof  the  Board  of 
TruaUwa  ..(  paid  1  April,  1*7.'. 
an  aatu*>.-Mi  nla  par  -liar-  »^  levied  upon  LA< 
iaiiiIaI  alack  of  naid  company,  payablu  unmadJal  ly.  In 
1     B  told  •  iin,  to  it  Ui«  ofl f  the  com- 

Ssojr,  K' torn  II,  Hay  ward's  Building,    Uft  California   street, 
an  Francisco,  t'nl.     Any  ■took  dpon  whlcl 
itliall  remain   unpaid   on  Wtidne-day,  thn  Mil  day  of  Muy, 
IKS.  aaall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adwr- 
UBM  lor  Hale  at  public,  auction,  and  unl«-R»  payment  nhall 

I ade  before,  will  be  sold  on  Friday,  tho  Slat  day  of  May, 

1872,  to  pay  the  ik-linqut-nf  aaaesemenc,  together  with  co»t» 
uf  advM-tiainitaiid  M|»'inu»  of  male. 
By  order  oj  the  Board  ol  'I  rn 

(Has.  s.  \i:,w.,  Beoi 
Office.  Room  21,  Harvard?!  Budding.  No    US  Oa'ifornia 

■  Iru'-t.  S«n  I-'j  i«m<  i-.  ■■>.  1  '11 1 1  torn  la.  apfl   II 

Kincaid  Flat  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Taolnmne  1  canty,  SUto  ol  California. 

Notice  f  hereby  riium,  lilut  ut  »  meatine  of  iim  Board  of 
Trnateea  of  amid  company,  held  on  tin-  1'Jd  day  of  April,  1872, 
manl  ol  Ttaraa  Dollars  per  ibare  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  Mock,  of  said,  company,  payable  tamed  atelr,  In 
United  State*  w  id  and  ailver  cm.  to  die  Secretary,  at  his 
office,  Ho.       I  i  ....  1  ,ii.    Any  atook 

upon  which  naid  a^aeaeinent  shall  ratnain  unpaid  on  the 
-'7tu  day  of  May.  1873,  rtliall  lie  deemed  delinquent,  and  will 
bednlyadverluod  tur  aala  at  public  aneiii.n.  and  unless 
itaymont  whall  t>«  made  before,  will  be  sold  ■-"  Edooday,  the 
17th  day  uf  June,  1H7?,  to  pay  the  dolintlOent  aasesanient, 
toffetherwltn  00  is  uf  adverfBing  and  expenaei  of  sale.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Truateeu. 

R.  H    CORVl-Lr,.  Seeretary-. 

OtRue,  No.  »JQ  Clay  slr.-l,  San  l-'raiicn.-o,  Cal.     ap-'i-t\v 


Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company— Lo- 

cation    of    works,    Maynanl     Mining    District,    Mohavo 

1  -lunty,  Arizona  ferrltarr. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  tlmt  ata  meetinjc  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  lit  h  day  61  April,  18W, 
an  aMSKnMinunt  of  Ti-m  enl.i  perabaM  was  levied  upon  tbu 
oapitai  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  Immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  oltlce  of  the 
company.  Room  3.  No.  41»  California  street,  Ban  Francisco. 
Ualitornia.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  the  i.'ith  day  of  May.  l"7i, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  pnbliu  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  he  solJ  on  Monday,  the  :iil  day  of  June,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  ossessmont.  toc-'thi-r  with  tho  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale  By  order  1,]  iht  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  W.  COl.JUHN,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  Bun  Francisco. 
California.  ap!3 


Marcelina  Silver  Mining  Company.— Lo- 
cation of  Works:  Eureka  District,  Lander  County, 
Nevada. 

Notice—  Tncro  nro  delinquent  npon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  (No.  "J) 
levied 'on  the  Eighth  day  of  March,  1872,  the  several 
amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.        Am't, 

Cunningham,  P.  P 22  200  $20  00 

Cumiinghum,  P.  P 28  100  10  00 

(Juinlan.P.B 56  50  5  00 

Worland,  C.  R 58  1000  100  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  Eiyhth  day  of  March, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  Stock,  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  Room  21  Haywards  Building,  «19  Cali- 
fornia Htreet,  San  Francisco.Cal.,  on  the  7th  day  of  May, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock,  p.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  Assessment  thereon,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

CHAS.  E.  ELLIOT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  21,    Hayward's  Building,  419   California 
street,  Sun  Francisco,  California. 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 

puny- Location  of  works,  First  Uarote,  Tuolumne  County, 

California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  thatnta  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  3d  day  of  April, 
a,  D.  1872,  an  assessment  of  Thirty  Cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  oapitai  slock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
tho  office  of  the  Company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  as- 
sessment sbull  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  litli  day  of 
May,  a.  d.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be 
duly  advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  pay- 
ment shall  be  made  before,  will  he  sold  on 'Wednesday,  the 
2.2 d  day  of  May,  a.  d.,  1872,  topay  thedelinquentassessmont, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.    J.TV.  CLARK,  Sec'y- 

Office.  418  California  St.  San  Francisco.  ap!3-4w, 


Nevada    Land    and    Mining    Company— 

Location;  Spruce  Mountain,  Antelope  and  Clifton  Min- 
ing Districts,  .hlko  County,  State  of  Nevuda 
Notice  is  hereby  gtven.  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  28th  dav  of  Murch. 
187-,  an  assessment  of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately, 
in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  Co.  a 
office,  room  5,  No.  3U2  Montgomery  street,  Sun  r  rancisco, 
California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Thursday  the  2d  day  of  May.  I87A  shall  he  deemed 
delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment,  ahull  ho  mode  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Friday  the  21th  day  of  May,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trnstecs 
WM.  H.  WATSON.  Secretary. 
Office— Room  5,  No.  302  Montgomery  at.,  Ban  Francisco, 
Calif,  rnia. mar30-td 


Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 
ing Company.— Location  of  Works,  Tayoltita,  San  Di- 
mas  District,  Durango,  Mexico. 

Notice. — Thero  are  delinquent,  upon  the  following 
described  Stock,  on  account  uf  Assessment  levied  on  the 
12th  day  of  May,  18G9,  and  re-levied  ou  the  8th  day  of 
March,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set  opposite  the  names 
of  the  respective  shareholders  as  follows: 
Names.  No  of  certificate.       No.  shares.       Amount. 

Thomas  Bren u an  ....  163  10  $20  00 

Henry  Beck 34  5  10  00 

Henry  Beck 81  5  10  Oil 

Valentin  Gassner 71  30  60  00 

L.  Rosenf elder 114  0  12  00 

L.  Rosenfeldoc 184  10  20  00 

H.  Schumaker 84  6  10  00 

And  In  accordance  with  law,  and,  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  tho  8th  day  of  March,  1872, 
so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  Stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  >~oid  at  public  auction  at  the  sales- 
room of  Maurice  Dore  &  Co.,  No.  U27  Montgomery  St.. 
on  Wednesday  the  eighth  day  of  May,  1872,  ut  the  hour 
of  11  o'clock,  a.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinguent 
assessmentj  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale. 

E.  J.  PFEIFFER,  Secretary. 
Office— No.  210  Post  Street,  San  Francisco. 


BONNET'S    PATENT    HAT    RAKE. 

The  only  Kiiko  that  g.ithors  all  the  h*y  upon  tho  roughest  as  well  aa  Dpon  Ihe'smoothi  s<  -round, 

free  frum  rjnsl  (iml  dirt,  au.I  does  not  roll  uml  wad  it  together.    Has  cxtcusL.u 

teeth  to  preserve  its  holding  capacity,  giving  it  n  very  great 

ndvuntagc  over  those  of  stationary  teeth. 


First  Premium  at  the  State  Fair.     Every  Farmer  Should  Have  One. 


PATENT    GRAIN     LIFTERS, 


For  use  on  JJeadere  in  cutting  Grain  thrown  down  by  tho 
Wind  or  Rain. 

The  Cheapest  and  Best  in  the  Market. 

Are  Light,  Strong  and  Durable,  and  can  be  adjusted  to 
run  oa  any  inclination  to  tho  ground ,  as  at  D  in  cut. 

A  party  can  save,  more  than  tho  price  of  a  set  additional, 
in  cutting  grain  that  is  down,  in  one  day's  run. 

Manufactures  also  Draper  Aprons,  Grain  Carriers,  Straw  Carriers  and  Farming  Hnplements  generally,  all  of 
the  best  material  and  workmanship. 

Also,  Woo  i-working  Machines,  such  as  Band  Saws,  Circular  and  Jig  Saws,  Shaping  Machines,  etc. 

Improved  Pattern  of  Band  Saws,  equal  to  the  high  priced  Eastern  8aws,in  work,  at  one-half  the  cost.  "War- 
ranted to  give  satisfaction. 

All  orders  to  O.  BONNEY,  Jr.,  221  ISIission  Street,  San  Francisco, 

Promptly  attended  to. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Grain  Lifter  sold  by  W I  "EST  E  It  &  CO., 

8v3-lam6m  No.  17  New  Montgomery  street  (under  Grand  Hotel) ,  San  Francisco. 


TH  GARDNER  AUTOMATIC^  SAFETY-STOP   GOVERNOR. 

These  Governors  have  now  been  sold  in  this  market  for  several  years,  and  wherever  once  introduced  and  made 
known,  are  invariably  sought  after.  They  are  in  the  Eastern  States  fast  displacing  all  other  Steam  Governors,  aud 
are  regarded  as  Uie  perfect  regulator.  They  are  manufactured  by  Messrs.  Gorchur  k  Robertson,  practical  engineers, 
who  have  given  many  years  time-exchisively  to  their  manufacture  and  perfection.  The  manufacturers  say:  After 
an  experience  of  eleven  years  in  the  manufacture  of  the  above  Governor,  during  which  time  several  important  im- 


provements have  been  made  and  two 
additional  patents  obtained,  wo  feel 
justified  in  recommending  it  to  all 
parties  using  Steam  power,  and  war- 
ranting it  to  be  the  most  perfect  regu- 
lator in  tho  market. 

The  Gardner  Governor  is  so  well 
known  that  we  think  it  unnecessary  to 
enterinto  a  detailed  explanation  of  the 
principles  involved,  or  details  in  its 
construction,  merely  giving  the  lend- 
ing obJectB  realized  by  this  important 
invention.  The  Governor  combines 
with  the  greatest  simplicity  of  con- 
struction, accurate  regulation  of  speed, 

POSITIVE  INSURANCE  AGAINST  ALL  ACCI- 
DENTS LIABLE  TO  OCCUK  FROM  SLIPPING 
OH  PARTING  THE  GOVEBNOR  OR  DRIVING 

belts,  and  a  convenient  arrangement 

for  ADJUSTING  THE  SPEED  Of  THE  EN- 
GINE while  in  motion,  without  change 
of  pullics. 

The  construction  of  the  Governor  in 
extremely  simple,  having  no  springs, 
Inside  joints,  swivels,  or  parts  liable 
to  disarrangement,  all  the  several  parts 
are  duplicates  of  ouch  other  in  the  same 
series;  the  most  skillful  workmen  are 
employed,  the  best  material  asedand 
the  machinery  employed  especially 
Cal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory,  D 


adapted  to  their  manufacture.  The 
valve  is  most  perfectly  balanced, 
and  the  Governor  is  built  with  a  view 
of  securing  the  quickest  and  most  sen- 
sitive action  possibly  attainable  in  a 
steam  regulator.  Thus  with  accurate 
machinery,  and  skilled  labor,  and  de- 
voting OUr  WHOLE  ATTENTION  to  the 
manufacture  of  this  one  article,  we 
are  able  to  produce  a  perfect  and  relia- 
ble Governor  at  a  low  price. 

We  Ho  not  publish  any  letters  of  rec- 
ommendations, but  can  give  references 
to  upwards  of  5,000  PAiiTres  through- 
out the  United  States,  who  are  using 
the  Gardner  Governor. 

We  would  especially  invite  the  atten- 
tion of  steam  Engine  Builders  to  this 
Governor,  feeling  assured  that  they 
can  purchase  for  less  than  they  can 
make  an  inferior  article,  aud  thereby 
increase  the  value  and  sales  of  their 
Engines. 

We  respectfully  refer  to  the  follow- 
ing parties  using  the  Gardner  Gov- 
ernor, and  can  speak  understnndingly 
of  its  nieritB:  Oakland  Cotton  Mills, 
tho  Selby  Lead  and  Silver  Smelting 
Works,  L.  &  E.  Emanuel,  Vulcan  Iron 
Works',  Fulton  Foundry,  Levison  Bros., 
A.  McDonald  &  Co.,  and  others  in  San  Francisd;  Ophir  Oo. ,  Lady 


Bryan,  and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  Yirgiuiat  Nev.;  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F 
Chury.  TAlbany,  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

(0~WE  WARRANT  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  circumstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  miles  of  San  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  be  returned  to  us 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

JJ^When  ordering  please  state  whether  THnnnxE-VALVE  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Finished 
Governor  is  desired.  *+*TaE  rate  of  speed  for  Governor  is  fully  btampeo  on  the  revolving  head  of  every 
Governor.    Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TEEABWELL    &    CO., 

Agents    for    Pacific    States,    San    Francisco. 

OtyAt  Treadwell  &  Co. 's  (late  BERRY  &  PLACE'S)  Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  may  be  found  in  stock  the  above 
Governors,  together  with  all  sizes  of  HOADLEY'S  PORTABLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS,  STURTE- 
VANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS,  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DREYFUS'S  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS,  Etc. 
Also  a  heavy  stock  of  HARDWARE  AND  MINING  TOOLS,  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BOILER  FELT 
(saves  25  per  cent,  of  fuel),  SELF  OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kinds),  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  aud  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millmen's  findings.        7v24-tf 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company— 

Location  of  works,  Piermont  Mining  District,  White  Pino 

County,  Nevadu. 

Notico  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  paid  company,  held  on  Uie  sixteenth  (Ifcthj  day 
of  April,  1K72.  an  assessment  of  Forty  Cents  per  ttharc  was 
levied  upon  tho  capital  stock  of  aaiii  company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  cold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said 
assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  twentieth 
(2Uth)  duy  of  May.  1872,  shad  he  deemed  delinquent,  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  unci  un- 
less payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  "Wednes- 
day, the  nineteenth  (l'lth>  day  or  June,  1872,  at  the  hour  of 
2  o'clock  p.  m.,  at  the  office  of  the  company,  to  pay  the  de- 
liiiouent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  ><ale;  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  tl8  California  street,  San  Francisco.         ap27-4w 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company — Location 

of   works.   "White    Pine     Mining   District,   "White    Pine 

county.  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  ut  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  bold  on  the  Tenth  (ll)th> 
day  of  April  A.  D.  187'J,  an  assessment  ol"  fifty  1-jO)  cents 
per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  coni- 
pany,  payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to 
the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  said  company.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  onTuesd ay, 
the  fourteenth  day  of  May,  A.  D.  I8i2.  shall  he  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  lie  sold 
on  Thursday,  tho  Thirteenth  (1.1)  day  of  June,  a  d.  1872,at 
the  office  of  the  company,  at  2  .o'clock  p.  M.,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  01  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
OTrustces.  J-  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  ap-4w 


Ophir  Copper.  Silver  and   G.    M.   Com- 
pany.— i.iu'flti,,u  ut  Works,  Ophir,  Placer  County,  Cal. 
\.u  t.  b,    'i"ii'  re  an  di  lluqui  in  upon  the  following de- 
:  1 "  .1   Stock,  oq  account  ol  assessment  Levied  on  the 
■eb,  18T2,  ill.-  several  unouhtsl 
site  the  names  >>i  tho  reap 

No.  Certificate.    No.  sbareB.    Amount, 

All. 11.  M  W U  $  16  00 

Brown,  Clnw.  F. 3*3  7  Jtf  i  50 

a  i' :i4i  aarj  m  ob 

Brufih,  BO 2'j'j  ion  80  ihi 

Brush.  It  li 389  0(1  39  00 

Brush.  It  (i 230  80  18  00 

Brush,  R  11 230  fill  30  00 

Brush,  b  u 3M  38 

Brush,  B  <; 288  62  37  '-'> 

Brush,  R  '• -".'I  Bfi  ^9  011 

Bloomer,  Theo.  11 283  30  18  uu 

I'r.'ui.ii,  Mrs.  E 315  6U  30  DO 

Dufford,  11  l 316K                r.'-j  3  30 

Baum,  fliaa ;iin  ion  Co  ihi 

Brush,  1:  Q,  Trustee 339  100  B0  HO 

Brush,  BO,  Trustee 381  &u  30  w 

Kv.rw.n.  WnlliM-r 2lji)  120  OU 

Oarniss,  fas.  U 283  100  60  00 

Garnifis,  -ins.  & 337  4"  24  01) 

:i:;t  BO  30  00 

Kip,  Jr.  W  I RSI  6011  300  00 

Meado,  i' 244  25  is  DO 

Purxly,  0  W 216  CO  3d  no 

Quad)  .  & 209  LOO  TO  00 

Reynolds,  W  0 210  l'J  11  40 

Rogers,  Goo  P 324  25  15  40 

9* 11  c 79  137  82  20 

swain.  H  C 80  187  82  2U 

Swain,  H  0 238  300  120  00 

Swain,  II  G 346  loo  60  00 

Swam,  II  C 291  60  80  00 

Swain,  II  0 205  60  30  OO 

Swain,  H  (' 29fi  20  12  <R> 

Swain.  II  e 808  50  30  00 

Swain,  Hi: JIH  50  30  00 

Swain,  H  C 319  50  30  00 

Swain,  H  C 320  CO  ::o  00 

Swain,  II  C 328  B0  30  00 

Swain,  H  C 327  B0  HO  00 

Swain,  II  C 34Q  aJtf  \  60 

Swain, WB 11  ,r.  3  00 

Swain,  W  B Hi  fi         ■  3  00 

Htackpolo  Thos 336  25  15  no 

Wightnian  James —  400  240  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  18th  day  of  March, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  miiy 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  I  he 
office  of  John  Middleton  k  Co.,  Nn.  310  Montgomery 
Street,  on  the  17th  day  of  May,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  1 
o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale. 

B.  G.  BRUSH,  Secretary. 

Office:  N.  E.  Cor.  Sansome  and  Halleck  Streets.  En- 
trance on  Halleck  Street.  apr27-3w 

San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mining  Com- 

pany.— Location  of  Works,  Little  Cottonwood  Mining 
"    District,  Utah  Territory. 

Noiice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  mee'ingof  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Comply,  held  on  the  thirteenth  ftth)  day 
uf  April.  A.  D-,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Twenty-five  (25)  cents 
nersnare  w  a  levied  ipon  the  assessable  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately  to  tho  Secretary  at  the  otllce 
of  the  company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment 
shall  remain  unpaid  ou  Thursday,  the  Kith  day  of  May.A.  D., 
1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  jind  will  he  duly  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shal  I  he 
made  before,  will  bo  sold  ou  Saturday  tho  eighth  (8th)  day 
of  June,  a.  d.,  1872,  at  the  office  of  the  company,  at  tho 
hour  of  2  o'clock,  p.  M..  to  piy  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secret-try. 

Offico— No.  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Califor- 
nia. ap2.J-4w 

Siempre    Viva    Silver    Mining  Co.— Lo- 

cation  of  works,  District  of  Zamgoza,  Sinaloa,  Mexico. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  25th  day  of  March 
1872,  an  assessment  of  i5ceutB  per  share  was  levied  up  .11  the 
capital  stock  of  said  company,  parable  immediately,  in  U. 
S.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  company. 
No,  314  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Thurs- 
day, the  2d  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent, 
and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  20th  day  of  May.  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.  ,By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  31 1  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cai. 

Spring  Mountain  Tunnel  Company.— Lo- 

cation  of  Works,  Ely  Mining  District,  Pioche,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  11th  day  of  April, 
1872.  an  assessment  ot  fifteen  (lo)  cents  per  shard  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gnld  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretaay. 
at  the  office  of  the  company.  Room  3 i.  Merchants'  Exchange. 
California  St,,  City  and  County  of  San  Francisco,  State  of 
California.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Mam.iuy  the  20th  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale,  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  he  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday  the  10th  day  of  June.  1872.  to  puy 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J.  M.  BUFFINOTON,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  37,  New  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
Street,  San  FranciBCO,  Cal,  ap20-4w 

Union  Gold   Mining  Company.— Location 

of  works,  Howlund  Flat,  Sierra  county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  11th  day  of 
April,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  (SI. 00)  pc-r 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Com- 
pany, payable  immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  Room  No. 
22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building,  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  fthall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  be  deemed 
delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adve  fined  for  sale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  to  puy 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  csrsts  of«dver- 
tising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  ALFRED  K.  DURBROW  Secretary. 

Office — Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building, 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California.  ap!3tri 


Homp, 

Soapstone 

and 

Rubber 


Steam  Packin 


THE  GARDNER  GOVERNORS,  STEAM  AND  WATER 
Gauges,  Tube  Scrapers.  Cylinder  Cups  and  Self-Oilers, 
Boiler  Felt,  Leather  Belting,  Lace  Leather,  Linen  aud 
Rubber  Hose,  Belt  Hooks  and  Studs,  Sheet  Packing,  and 
a  general  stock  of  Engineers'  and  Mill  Supplies,  at  the 
Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  of  TREADWELL  &  CO., 
old  stand,  corner  Market  and  Fremont  streets,  San 
Francisco.  13v24-eow 


$1,000 


Ttl5y\T"AjR-JD>!  For  any  case  of 
Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulceraten 
Piles  that  J&e  Icing's  IMle 
jR.em.ec!  j-  fails  to  cure.  It  is  pre- 
pared expressly  to  cure  the  PileB  and  nothing  else.  Sold  by 
all  Druggists.    Price  Sl.00. 

C.  F.  RlCHAnns  A  Co..  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  Sansome 
streets',  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Bv24-ly 


270 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS, 


[April  27,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABLISHED    X85X. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets* 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

IRA    P.    KANKIN,  A.  P.  11BATTOX, 

€r£0.  W.  FOGGr,  Superintendent. 

SteamEagiues  andBoilers, 

1IAB1NE  AND  STATIONAEY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  ofcher  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
■rices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

■y  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Spairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HDNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  aOVEKNOR. 

18v20-Sni  GODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 


Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 


MAMOFACrDBEBS    OT 


err^A-M  engines, 

Quartz,    Flour    and    ©aw    Mills, 

Hayes'  Improved  Steam  rump,  Brodle**  Im- 
proved     Crunher,      Mlnlnar     Pnmpa* 
jLmalg-amaturs,  and  nil  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How. 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


G-EORGE    T.    PRACT, 
MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission  Street, 
I.3AN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Worts  have  lately  been  increased , 
by  additional  Tools,  and  wo  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

&TTARTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing   Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  uneqnaled  for 
safety,' convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'d. 

ALSO,  MANUFAOTUBEB  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Pracy's    Cele"bratecl    Governor. 

TURNING;  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MAUDFACTURKKK  OF 

8TEAM  ENGINES,  BOILEBS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Dunbar's  Patent  Self-Ad  lasting  Steam  Pi. ion 
•PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 
And  all  hinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 
Front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets. 

fUdKAMKMTO  OlTT 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD   AND   OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  Variety  of  £*Hcif  rinjr, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 

Steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Cod* 

nectlns  Bods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axlea 

and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HA^MClVCEItED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

•5-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
-9JMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,wlll  celve 
y.'ompt  attention 

■S-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  Svl43m 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE    BLAST    ROTARY    BLOWER, 

B^Jl^TCT'ltirn  MAMTJPACTCBED  AT  THE 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First   Premium  at  the'  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  18GG. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than   any 

Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  k  Co.'s  Brass  Foun- 
dry, San FranciBco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  R.  K.  Co.'s  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Ircm< 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho r s e-P ower  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

"2"J  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

PICKERING'S 

Kngine    Begnlatorg. 

GUTARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface   Condensers. 
DAVID"  STODDART, 

114  BEAXE  STREET,  S.  P. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

F.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
SOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 
Repairing 

Promptly  Attended 
to. 


THE    RISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30;  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    "WORKS: 
Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FEANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  MoLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary. 

84vl7-«y 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGEB  &  BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &.    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  moBt  Extensive  Foundry  on 
;     the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor.    First    and    Mission    Sts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 
Steamboat  Bepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part— made 
a  specialty, 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  siza. 

Irrigating-   Pamps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.  BOOTH.  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT.  IRVING M.  SCOTT 
4v24-lyBlamr 


&JUS    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUFACTUBEBS  OF  ALL  KLND8   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drunun  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  8CHEIDEL. 

Moryaville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysvillF  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging'  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating-  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  e?  try - 
thing  required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
5v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridge  ton,  N.  J. 

PRESSES,    DD3S  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 


Improved  3-lb.  Can  Press  for  $G6; 
Cutter,  $15,  etc. 


Rotary  Snider 
13v24-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  SanFbanotbco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  1S5G  First  street,  Apposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kimds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  BrasB  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds.  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,Shlp  and  Steamboat  8  ells  and 
Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  klndsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
draiflic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns.furnlshed  with  dispatch 
*$■*  PRICES  MODERATE.  ~£* 
J.   H.  WEED-  V.  KINQWELL. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  .are  acknowledged  by  aU  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  3,  and  forced 
out  through  check  Valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rods  and  stems  lastB  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  Bpeed  and  size  of  engine;  I, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  doeB  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works.,  126  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


POWER,  TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANUFACTtniEIlS     OF 


■WOOD-WORKING  flMLACHINERY, 

)  Chestnut  street  (West  end  CheBtnut  street  Bridge) 

PmT.ATrir.T.TTTTA, 

7"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

BOILER      MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  at,  between  Fremont  ami  Beale,  Ban  Francisco. 


April  27,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


271 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 

nerahip  heretofor©  existing  between  A.  J.  Seranoee, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Que.  Burt,  un.lt  r  tho  Ann 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  k  Co.,"  Is  thin  day  JI=k ulved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partner*,  will  cootinn*  the 
bnalneaa  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
aa  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  It  Co. 

DalMSan  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.     A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  !(\ND.OL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  OCBrBURT. 


WM.  H.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    WORKS, 

XU  Fremont  Htrtft,  t*-t.  Howard  an.i  I'.l-.nu, 

8an  w&uiauao. 

r,oii>M<>Tivn,   <-v«.  • 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  mado  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

»TtM-3m 


CAI.DWKl.Ij'S 

Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  tbo  CYCLOPS  MACHETE  WORKS,  113 
and  116  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 

3VJ4-JU1  WM.  CALDWELL. 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  plaet-d  ut  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  Burfuce  250  feet 
In  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  live  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furtiinbed  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t Placerville,  Cal. 

Varney's   Patent  Amalgamator. 

TIi.m:  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

•  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  ban  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  bus 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  Increasing  de- 
mand for  them  lssumcient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
Into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows. 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forceB 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  la  drawn  down  through 
the  apperturo  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  th»*own  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
It  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  Into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Sellers  made  on  the  samo  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Ml  11- men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlera 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  FranciBCO, 

NELSON    &-  DOBLE, 

AGENTS  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Hied Ke«,    Hammer*,    Stone   Cotters',   Black 

smiths' and  Horne-Shoers'  Tools. 

13  and  13  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 

IDvUar 


SHEET    IROIV    PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTTJM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  x>ressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  -where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kindB  of  CAB  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Bates. 

V7~  All  kinds  of  Machinery  mode  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     AND     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry), 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  Btreet.  6v23-3in 


BLAKE'S     PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Comrnittco  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  Exhibition 
of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  l'l'MP.- This  Pump  yielded  the.  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  ss 
compared  with  Us  meaoured  capacity.  The  valve*  are  of  brass,  and  well  arranged.  The  steam  valves  arw  well 
arranged  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  font  or  *duw. 

We  recommend  that  a  Medal  be  awarded  to  It,  as  THE  REST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  BiLvrn  Medal 
the  first  premium.]  (Slgued)  j\s.  SPIERS, 

WM.  H.  BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  tho  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial 
Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  Sun  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING.  PUMP.— This  Is  an  excetlent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  emit,  of  duty.  We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  thin  Pump.     (Signed  by  th«  L'omiultb-e.)  * 

O.  W.  MCKIK,  H.  B.  ANOEL,  CHAS.  R.  STEIOEB, 

W.  KPl'Kl.ailKIMKR,  MELLV1LLE  AT  WOOD. 

[No  other  Steam  Fump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  tho  LAST 
Mechanics'  Exhibition,  ail  other  assertions  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump 
was  the  only  Pump,  of  any  kind  whatsoever,  that  reoeivod  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM 
(highest  award  to  pumps)  at  tho  last  Exhibition,  for  which  we  are  also  selling  agents. — See 
official  Report  of  the  above  Committee.] 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  committee  of  five  Of  the  moBt 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  ou  thl*  coast  (as  above  muu<-d},  showed1  that  the  Blake  Pump  gave  80  per  ceut. 
of  utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  (SO  i>cr  ceut.,  showing  great  difference  In  economy. 

The  Blake  Pump  b  th.-  ONLY  Steam  Pump  Vint  EVER  RECEIVED  A  SILVER  MEDAL  at  any  Ediibition  of  the 
Mechanics'  Itutitult  ever  held  in  San  Francisco  or  California. 


.K7"  A  conipleto  stock  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of  tho  Agents, 

TUEADWELL    &•    CO., 

12v3-awhp  Market  street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Fbancisco. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


KIMOWLES'    PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Received  the  Highest  Award — A  Diploma — 

Over  all  Steam  Pnmp   Competitors,  at  Mechanics*  Institute  Fair  of  San  Francisco, 
1871 ;   also  Special  Medal  and  Diploma  at  State  Fair. 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  "Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  loBe  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 

CENTRAL  PACIFIC  R.  R.,  OFFICE  OF  THE  GEN'L  MASTER  MECHANIC,) 
Sacramento,  Cal.,  April  14, 1871.  ) 

A.  L.  FISH,  Esq.,  Agent  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  San  Francisco— Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  aB 
to  the  merits  of  the  Knowles'  Steam  Pump,  in  use  upon  this  roadi  I  will  say  that  we  have  nineteen  of  them  in 
use  on  thiB  road  as  fire  engines,  and  pumping  water  for  shop  and  station  use.  I  consider  the  Knowles  Steam 
Pump  the  best  in  use,  and  prefer  it  to  any  other.    Tours  truly,       A.  J.  STEVENS,  General  Master  Mechanic. 


THE 


WE    BUILD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

LARGEST  STOCK   OF   PUMPS   IN   THE  WORLD, 

And  for  Eyery  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

No   O  First  LStreet,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


F.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 

From  the  Report  of  tho  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  ExhiDition  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  San  Francisco 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMP.— This  Pump  yielded  the  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  &b 
compared  with  its  measured  capacity.  '1  he  valves  are  ol  brass,  and  well  arranged.  The  steam  valves  are  well 
arranged  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  fast  or  slow. 

We  recommend  that  a  Medul  be  awarded  to  it,  ob  THE  BEST  STEAM  FTJMP,  [Awarded  a  Silver  Medal, 
tho  first  premium.]  (Signed)  JAS.    SPIERS, 

WM.    H.    BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial  Exhibition  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING  PUMP.— This  Is  an  excellent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty.  We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.     (Signed  by  tho  Committee.) 

.  G.  W.  DICKIE,  H.  B.  ANGEL,  CHAS.  R.    STEIGER, 

W.  EPPELSHEIMER,  MELVILLE    ATWOOD. 

[No  other  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST  Mechanics'  "Ezhi- 
Xtition,  all  other  assertions  to  Uie  contrary  notwithstanding.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump  was  the  only  Pump  of  any  kind 
whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM  (highest  award  to  pumpB)  at  the  last  Exhibition,  for 
which  we  are  also  Belling  agents.— See  official  Report  of  tlie  above  Committee.] 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Djdustrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  hy  a  committee  of  five  of*the  most 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  th.B  coast  (as  above  named) ,  Bhowed  that  the  Blake  Pump  gave  86  per  cent,  of 
utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  60  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in  economy. 

The  Blake  Pump  is  the  ONLY  Steam  Pump  that  EVER  RECEIVED 
A  SILVER  MEDAL  at  any  Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  ever  held 
in  Sa,n  Francisco  or  California. 

ti&~  A  complete  stock  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of  the  Agents, 

TBEADWELL    &;    CO., 
Market  Street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Francisco. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

iDVAStU   MAIIK 

Ob  .11  kl.da  or  Orea.  und  particular  .ttentloi 

PAID  TO 

ooicsieNMKNTa  or  sodbi. 

mum 


LOUIS  FAT.KENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

4*1   Moiuif  emery  81.  np  atalra. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  An&lysiB  of  Ores 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mineral  Waterb, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  con  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particulm 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  llv'.!l-8ni 

LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assnyor  and  ]>le  lull ti  .*£»;.<'. i? 

CHEMIST, 


No.    011     Commercial    street, 

(Opposite  tho  U.S.  Branch  Mint, 
Sam  Francisco,  Cal. 


7v21-Sn. 


NEVADA  METALLURGICAL  WORKS 

19  and  21  First  st.,  in  Golden  State  Foundry. 

BIOTTEdc  LDCKHARDT. 

Ore*    I'nialifii,  Sampled   und    A.*>aiiyed. 

Having  added  Pans,  Assay  office  and  Chlorinatlnn  Ap- 
paratus to  onr  establishment,  we  are  now  prepured  to 
make  working  testB  by  any  process,  assay  ores  and  pro- 
ducts. Returns  guarranteed.  Answers  to  all  metallur- 
ical  quoa  tions  given.  26v21-»m 


J-  W.   THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Holland  &.  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  OBDERS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-(,in 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    r.lli    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery ..San  Francisco. 

J.   A.   SCARS.   Assayer. 
V&~  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v2f 


a.  w.  STRONQ. 


W.  L.  STIIONU 


C.   W.  STRONG   &   CO., 
MetaJlui-grionl     VV  orlcs* 

No,  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Fbanoisco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22lf , 


PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Etc, 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
26  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  -J2vlS 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS    OF    AND    DEALERS    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512 >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  o( 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

A  —AND  — 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Paclllc  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Ocrtlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Pcorifi. 
ers,  RoaBting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  'or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  Bizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayrrs'  Hard- 
ware-a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bai  e  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bl  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  ABBayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
B#"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degreeB  of  flneneBS,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  gent  upon  application. 
24v23.tr  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


272 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  27,  1872. 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  1860,  this  weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefnlly  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars!  - 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  Summaht  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  U.  S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incoeporations,  Shaee  Mar- 
ket, Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  ^with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit- 
able at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Four  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


Scientific  Press 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  side  of  tbe  continent. 
Established  in  I860.  Inventors  can  rely  upon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Long  familiarity  with 
Mining,  Farming,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
this  coast,  enables  us  to  give  the  moBt  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Ooast  Inventohb  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Union,  and  oftentimes  save  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  wobthy  inventions  patented  by  us 
will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  most  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Presb  and 
tbe  Pacipio  Kuhax,  Press. 

Send  for  our  52-pago  illustrated  Patent  Ciucuxae, 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  Btomp.  Also  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870. 

DEWEY    *    CO., 
No.  338  Montgomery    St.,    S.   E.    cor.    California   st., 

diagonally  across  from  "Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  S.  F.     . 


ACTIVE  MEN ! 

WITH   EXFEBIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

business,  cau  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers of  the  SOIENTIFIC  PRESS  and  the  PACIFIC  RU- 
RAL PRESS,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


SB" 


EairFe 


For 

Steam  Pipes 

&  Boilers, 


SAVES  25  PER  CENT.  OP  FUEL— An  item  worth 
looting  after.  Also,  Steam  Governors,  Tube  Scrapers, 
Steam  Pumps,  Self-Oilers,  Cylinder  Cups,  Belting, 
Lacing,  Hose,  Fuse,  Packing,  etc.,  including  all  kinds 
Miners',  Engineers'  and  Millmen'B  Supplies,  at  the  Ma- 
chinery and  Supply  Depot  of  TREADWELL  &  CO.;  old 
Btond,  Market  Btreet,  head  of  Front,  San  Francisco. 
13v24eow 


Pdbchasebs  please  aay  advertised  in  Scientific  Phesp. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDEB,  A.  NO.    S    GIANT    POWDER,, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

bajvk:   BLA.9TING,    coal    muntes, 

AND  FOR  ALL  SUCH  WORK  WHERE  THE  ROCK  IS  NOT  VERY  HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

3?rlce.    SO  Cents  per    Found* 

The  sales  of  brfth  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 


20v22-3mlGp 


General  Agents,  No.   210  Front  Street. 


FERRIS    &    M  I  L  E  S, 

PATENT    IMPKOVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Buuning  Ham- 
.  mers,  Slow  Bunning  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

&~  Send  for  Circulars.  13v24-8m 


^'eulraraltfoineJourV1 


I    is  one  of  the  Largest,  best  Illustrated  and  most  Original 

and  Enterprising  Agricultural  Journals  in  America, 

and  has  no  rival  on  the  western  side  of  the 

Continent.   Its  circulation  is  Rapidly 

Increasing,  and  it  is  Very 

Popular  with  its 

Patrons. 

A.  NEW  HTJSBA.1VDIIY, 

as  it  were,  is  required  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  on  account  of  its 
peculiar  seasons,  Boil,  climate  and  topography.  The  new 
discoveries,  ideas,  and  useful  hints  evolved  in  its  rapid 
progress,  are  to  be  observed  with  interest,  and  read,  as  re- 
ported in  the  Pacific  Ruhal,  with  profit  by  practical  and 
Erogressive  agriculturists  everywhere.  Sample  copieB  of 
he  Pbess,  post  paid,  10  ots.    Subscription,  $4  a  year. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

No.33S  Montgomery  St.,  SanPrnnciaco,  Cal.    Nov., 1871 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


C.    P.  JR.    R. 

COMMENCING 

Monday,    April    15th,    1872. 
And   until    further  notice,  Trains  and  Boats  will 

LEAVE    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


7.00  £yM-    ?,veri5n4   Express   Train   for    Sacramento, 
Omah    MuryaviIle'  Red  Blu,r-  Colfax,  Reuo,  Ogden  and 


3.00  p- M-,  San  Jose  Passenger  Train,  stopping  at  all 
v**  way  Stations. 


4  00  £■  M-*    Passenger  Train  for  Stockton,  Merced  and 
,ww  bacramento. 


6  30  P' M;    Overland  Emigrant  Train,  Through  Freight 
and  Accommodation. 


7  30  -A-M-    Steamer  New  "World  (from  Broadway  Wharf) 
"  —Connecting  at  Vulleio  with  Trains  of   California 

Pacific  Railroad. 


4  00  P.~M!  Sacramento  Steamer  (from  Broadway 
7  •  J^F* !■  Connecting  at  Vallcio  with  trains  of  Cali- 
fornia Paoinc  Railroad. 

2  00  P-  M#  Steamer  Antelope,  from  Broadway  Wharf, 
*"'v"  connecting  at  Donahue  with  Trains  of  S.  F.  and 
North  Pacific  Railroad, 


Q  (If)  A.  M.  Excursion  Boat  (Sundays  only)  from  Broad- 
u,uu  way  Wharf,  connecting  with  Special  Train  of  S.  F. 
■tN.P.  R.  R.  for  Cloverdalo  and  intermediate  points,  re- 
turning to  £an  Francisco  by  7  p.  m. 


OAKLAND  BRANCH.— Leave  San  Fiiancisco,  7  00 
8  10.  B  2-,  10  10  and  11  20  a.m.,  12  10,  1  SO.  3  00,  -I  00,  .r)  iS.fiaO.  8  (rf 
9.20  and  '11  30  p.  m.     (9  20,  11  20  and  a  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m„  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  «o  10,  6  50,  8  00,  f>  10,  10  00,  and  1110  a. 
m.,  1200,  1  40,  2  .50,  3  50,  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Fbancisco,  7  20. 9  "0, 
and  11 15  a.  in.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  0<J  p.  m.  (I  20, 11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Frnit  Vale  only)." 

Leave  Haywabds,  "4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 
*525,  735,  900and   1120a.  m-.   1  30, 


Leave  Fruit  Vale, 
05  and  5  30  p.m. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN, 
Gen'l  Pa5s'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. 


'Except  Sundays. 
A.  N.  TOWNE, 
Gen'l  Supt. 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office. 


The  best  instrument  of  the  kind  invented  in  Cali 
fomia.  Cuts  straight  or  circular..  Valuablo  for  house- 
keepers, and  also  indispensable  for  hotels,  restaurants, 
boarding  houses,  ships,  and  tin  manufacturers.  For 
sale  to  the  trade.  Samples,  prepaid  by  mail,  75  cts.  to 
any  part  of  the  U.  S.  W1ESTER  &  CO.,  General  Agents, 
17  New  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

W.  E.  L00MIS, 
News  Dealer 

$4  00 

AND  STATIONER, 

9.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

300 

Washington  Btreets, 

Harper's  Weekly.... 

500 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

London  Society 

6  00 

London  111.  News.   ... 

15  00 

Tear,  Month,  or  Number 

THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA.      FOUNDRT, 

29  and  131  Bcalo  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 
San  Francisco. 

LIOnT  A3VI>  HEAVY  CASTIXCtS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

Richaiuwon  it  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  years  established 
in  Swansea  as  Agents  tor  the  preparation,  fatimpling,  Assay- 
ing, and  Sain  ot  Oo|ip<T,  Silver,  Liotd,  Lend,  Zinc,  and  all 
other  Ores  nml  Metal m,  fur  which  Uievhim-  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  under  cover,  1,000  feet  of  Quay  Front- 
age within  the  Floating  Dock,  and  the  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  against  Ores  in  anticipation  of  realization,  nml  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  17v24-ly 


OAKLAND    POULTRY    YARDS, 

Corner  Sixteenth  and  CaBtro  Streets. 

SEASON    OF    1872. 

Eggg  for  Hatching  from  Pure  Bred  Poultry 

Carefully  packed  in  handled  boxes  with  elastic 

bottoms,  and  guaranteed  to  carry  safely 

to  any  part  of  the  country. 


Send  Stamp  for  Circular  to 

GEO.    B.    BAYLEY, 

[Importer  and  Breeder  of 
CHOICE    POULTRY. 

P.  O.  Box  GG9,  San  Francisco. 


Important    to    Miners. 

FREY1S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  address 
TVATEBS  <Ss  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
16v24-3m 


1 


W.  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO. 
CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 


Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANOTACTUBEBS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Priotion  or  Babbet  Metal 

CASTINGS, 

Church  "and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN  AND  .AND  BULLS,  SONUS, 
FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  docks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Grange  Cocke,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  "Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  Bizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac. 
turer  of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GABILS.Tr,  JAMES  BILLUAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPATJXDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market,- 

MANUFAOTUHEB  OF'  ' 

SPA.TJJLDING'SS 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World, 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in   every  respect : 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICK 
At  the  loweet  Market  Prices. 


Fxilled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  KOYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 


FRANCIS   SMITH  &   CO., 


lUrnixtfttctxtrersi    ot 


HYDRAULIC     PIPE, 


Artesian  Well  Pipe — All  Sizes. 


Having  tbe  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  we  cnnjmalioit 
an  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO  CONTRACT  WITH  US   FOE 

SHEET    IRON     PIPE. 


All  "Work  Guaranteed. 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  ,San  Francisco. 

4v24.eow9ml6p 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  L,  £■ 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSAYER  AND  METALLURGIST,       ^' 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  U3 

Axitbor  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  -H 
lurglsts'  Companion."  (The  very  Comprehensive  P> 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  -5 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "  Prospector's  We.e  Pet  3- 
Assaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  r* 


PLUMBAG0_CRUCIBLES. 

MORGAN'S    CELEBRATED     PLUMBAGO    CEUCI 
BLES,  all  sizes  (except  25  and  30J ,  from  No.  1  to  100 
for  sale  lowto  close  consignment. 
Ilv24-tf  A.  S.  HALLIDIE,  519  Front  street,  S.  F. 


'i 


BY    X>EWJEY    A    CO., 

Patent    fe$ollcltox-M. 


SAN  FKANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAY  4,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

ISumbor    18. 


Mining  Stocks. 

The  mining  share  market  has  reached  a  point 
little  expected  a  few  weeks  ago,  and  many  be- 
lieve that  it  will  yet  go  higher.  The  business 
of  the  San  Francisco  Stock  and  Exchange  Board 
has  become  so  large  that  the  Board,  at  a  meet- 
ing on  Satunlay  evening,  decided  that  hence- 
forth the  Board  Room  shall  be  open  from  9  a.m. 
until  5  r.  if.  These  hours  will  be  disposed 
of  as  follows:  From  U  to  10:110  there  will  be  an 
informal  session;  from  10:30  to  12  the  regular 
sessions  will  be  held;  from  12  to  3  informal 
sessions,  and  from  3  to  5  the  Board  will  bo  in 
regular  session.  All  street  transactions  are  to 
be  strictly  prohibited.  This  is  a  good  move 
and  will  do  away  with  the  evils  of  making  sales 
and  transacting  business  in  general  on  the 
streets.  The  example  is  not  only  bad  but  the 
brokers  are  a  great  inconvenience  to  pedestrians 
who  are  compelled  to  pass  where  they  "most  do 
congregate."  A  proposition  wasalso  considered 
but  no  definite  action  taken  as  to  the  propriety 
of  adding  20  new  seats  to  the  Board,  at  a  fixed 
price  of  $5,000  each.  There  is  little  doubt  but 
that  they  could  be  immediately  disposed  of  if 
they  were  added. 

The  excitement  in  stocks  still  continues  with 
little  abatement,  although  on  Wednesday  there 
was  a  general  reaction  which,  however,  recov- 
ered somewhat  on  Thursday.  The  number  of 
newly  incorporated  mining  companies  is  in- 
creasing wonderfully.  The  great  excitement  in 
mining  matters  on  the  coast,  has  no  doubt,  led 
to  this,  and  many  long-neglected  veins  will  be 
opened.  The  new  mining  law  by  which  the 
stockholders  may  remove  the  trustees  under 
certain  circumstances,  has  also  had  a  beneficial 
effect  in  drawing  out  capital  that  would  have 
otherwise  been  placed  in  some  other  channel. 
It  has  given  increased  confidence  in  mining 
matters  to  the  public  and  now  when  they  are 
assessed  they  can  call  some  one  to  account  for 
the  money  if  they  desire. 

Some  of  the  Comstock  mines  have  sold  at 
higher  rates  than  ever  before;  Crown  Point 
selling  at  $1,700,  buyer  30.  The  high  rates  of 
some  of  these  mines  have  induced  the  trustees 
to  call  meetings  of  the  companies  with  a  view 
of  increasing  their  capital  stock  and  number  of 
shares,  so  as  to  place  them  within  reach  of  all. 
A  number  of  people  are  mentioned  who  have 
made  fortunes  in  the  present  rise,  and  of  course, 
everybody  wants  to  invest.  The  excitement 
has  at  least  called  the  attention  of  many  to  our 
mining  interests,  who  otherwise  would  never 
have  thought  of  buying  and  will  doubtless  have 
the  effect  of  causing  many  of  our  mines  to  be 
explored  with  more  vigor  and  more  success. 

Diamond  Drill. — The  Sutro  Tunnel  Com- 
pany have  purchased  the  right  for  manufactur- 
ing and  using  the  Diamond  Drill  in  their  tun- 
nel and  all  its  branches.  After  a  trial,  which 
was  completed  to  their  satisfaction,  they  pur- 
chased the  trial  drill  and  this  right.  They  ex- 
pect soon  to  be  using  from  8  to  14  of  these 
chills  and  complete  the  work  in  one  half  the 
time  which  it  would  have  taken  in  working  by 
hand,  and  at  a  much  less  cost.  This  drill  is 
destined  to  exercise  an  important  influence  in 
large  operations  in  the  mineral  developments  of 
the  Coast,  doing  more  labor  at  less  cost  and 
trouble  than  by  any  other  means.  The  Sutro 
Tunnel  Company  show  their  real  enterprise  in 
employing  this  apparatus,  since  they  will  get 
into  the  Comstock  mines  much  quicker  than 
they  would  have  done  without  it  and  save 
money  in  the  bargain.  Its  capacity  will  no 
doubt  be  well  tested  in  the  work  it  has  before 
it. 


Petersen's  Patent  Bee  Hive. 

Our  cut  ia  illustrative  of  a  new  bee  hive,  re- 
cently patented  by  Peter  O.  Petersen,  and  is 
claimed  to  possess  merit  over  the  ordin- 
ary hive.  Among  the  paramount  objects 
secured  by  this  hive  are  the  facility  it  af- 
fords of  examining  at  all  times  the  stores  of 
the  beeB,  and  the  taking  away  of  any  surplus,  or 
supplying  whatever  may  be  wanting.  Also  the 
presence  and  state  of  health  of  the  queen  bee,  in 
fact  of  the  whole  hive.  It  enables  the  keeper 
to  interfere  in  all  sorts  of  emergencies;  increas- 
ing the  number  of  bees,  by  artificially  creating 
young  swarms;  and  what  is  of  especial  impor- 
tance to  the  progress  of  bee  science,  can  be 
thoroughly  examined  with  reference  to  the  be- 
havior and  habits  of  the  different  bees,  queens, 
drones  and  workers. 

Persons  familiar  with  the  habits  of  bees  know 
that  one  of  their  most  necessary  and  frequent 
employments  is  the  expulsion  of  the  overheated 
and  foul  air  from  the  hive.  To  do  this,  the 
bees  station  themselves  at  or  near  the  opening 
n  the  hive,  turning  their  heads  inward,  take 
ihold  with  their  feet  and  move  their  wings  with 
such  rapidity  as  to  cause  a  considerable  current 


slides  entirely,  and  they  should  only  be  allowed 
to  remain  open  when  the  weather  is  favorable 
and  constant.  The  top  ventilator  may,  however, 
be  left  open  during  summer,  no  matter  what 
kind  of  weather  may  occur.  The  hive  is  thus 
thoroughly  ventilated,  and  at  the  same  time  day- 
light will  be  excluded.  This  hive  has  been  pat- 
ented through  the  the  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency,  byP.O.  Petersen,  who  may  be  addressed 
corner  of  Twelfth  and  Clay  streets,  Oakland, 
Alameda  County. 

Ball's  Water  Elevator. 

Our  illustration  represents  a  novel  device  for 
drawing  water  from  wells,  the  invention  of  Mr. 
Jno.  A.  Ball,  of  Grass  Valley,  in  this  State.  An 
ordinary  curb  or  box  is  used  over  the  well  across 
the  upper  open  end  of  which  a  shaft  which  is 
turned  by  a  crank  in  the  usual  way,  passes. 
This  shaft  carries  two  chain  pulleys  a  short 
distance  apart  and  around  each  of  these  pulleys 
a  linked  endless  chain  passes.  The  buckets 
are  secured  to  these  chains  at  various  points, 
as  many  being  used  as  desired.    Each  of  these 


PETERSEN'S    PATENT    BEE    HIVE. 

of  air,  frequently  causing  a  draft  strong  enough 
to  be  perceptibly  felt  outside  the  hive.  The 
improvements  in  this  hive  consist  in  providing 
it  with  suitable  openings  both  above  and  below 
by  means  of  which  the  necessary  ventilation 
can  be  secured  and  regulated. 

The  hive  has  a  gable  roof,  and  at  intervals  in 
the  upper  edge  of  the  side  walls  saw  cuts  or 
kerfs  are  provided  which  will  be  sufficiently 
wide  to  afford  a  passage  for  the  air.  A  strip  is 
secured  between  the  projecting  eaves  and  side 
of  the  hive  so  as  to  leave  a  triangular  space  ex- 
tending from  end  to  end  of  the  hive  and  thus 
provide  a  passage  for  the  air.  By  stopping  up 
the  ends  of  this  passage  the  ventilation  is  shut 
off.  Near  the  bottom  of  the  hive  is  a  false  bot- 
tom, the  side  edges  of  which  are  also  provided 
with  saw  cuts  or  kerfs.  At  short  intervals  and 
in  the  lower  edge  of  the  sides  of  the  hives  other 
kerfs  are  cut  so  as  to  break  joints  with  the  first 
mentioned. 

In  the  lower  corners  of  the  hive  are  narrow 
wooden  strips  which  cover  the  side  kerfs  when 
in  place  and  shut  off  the  draft  from  below  en- 
tirely. As  soon  as  the  queen  commences  to  lay 
eggs  and  the  weather  iB  favorable,  the  top  ven- 
tilator may  be  opened.  The  constant,  rapid 
motion  of  the  wings  of  the  bees  in  the  hive 
will  then  expel  all  foul  air  which  may  be  gen- 
erated from  the  great  quantity  of  pollen  which 
the  bees  gather  for  the  consumption  of  the 
young  broods  in  the  cells.  If  the  weather  is 
steady  and^the  warmth  increases,  one  side  of  the 
bottom  of  the  hive  is  opened  and  if  the  weather 
is  very  hot,  all  the  ventilation  possible  is  given. 

In  very  changeable  weather  it  will  be  neces- 
sary to  regulate  the  ventilation  by  the  bottom 


BALL'S  Z&IPROVED  "WATER  ELEVATOR. 

buckets  have  a  hole  in  its  bottom  which  is  cov- 
ered by  a  clapper  valve  of  ordinary  construction. 
The  buckets  are  connected  with  the  chains  at  a 
point  below  their  middle  line,  and  a  link  con- 
nects their  upper  end  with  a  cross  bar  which 
connects  the  chain  so  that  when  they  are  being 
lifted  by  the  chains  they  hang  vertically.  A 
lever  passes  down  into  the  bucket  and  is  con- 
nected with  a  cross  rod  near  its  lower  end.  The 
lower  end  or  short  arm  of  this  lever  is  attached 
to  the  clapper  valve  above  mentioned,  while 
the  upper  end  or  long  arm  is  secured  to  a  cross- 
rod  which  connects  the  chains  above  the  bucket. 
Now  it  is  plain  that  as  soon  as  the  bucket  ar- 
rives at  the  pulleys  the  links  as  they  strike  the 
circle  keep  the  buckets  in  a  perpendicular  po- 
sition until  they  begin  to  draw  downward  upon 
the  reverse  side  of  the  pulley,  and  the  same 
movement  causes  the  lever  to  lift  the  clapper 
valve  andallow  the  water  to  pass  down  through 
the  spout,  seen  beneath  the  bucket,  and  into 
the  curb-spout  while  the  bucket  is  held  in  the 
vertical  position,  after  which  it  is  carried  over 
the  pulley  and  down  into  the  well  again. 

By  this  means  the  water  is  delivered  without 
waste.  The  inventor  claims  that  the  water  from 
wells  can  be  drawn  cooler  for  the  reason  that 
the  buckets  take  it  from  the  bottom.  The  ac- 
tion of  the  chain  and  buckets  keep  the  well 
ventilated  properly,  and  the  whole  apparatus 
can  be  moved  from  one  well  to  another  easily, 
there  being  no  pulley  or  other  machinery  below. 
This  obviates  all  necessity  of  going  down  the 
well  to  make  repairs  or  putting  in  machinery, 


as  such  labor  can  be  performed  at  the  surface. 
The  bucket  can  be  lowered  backwards  into  the 
well  so  as  to  allow  the  water  to  rise  through 
the  valve  into  the  bucket,  thus  permitting  of  a 
quarter  or  a  half  of  a  bucket  full  being  raised 
as  desired.  The  whole  arrangement  is  simple 
and  effective.  All  of  the  good  qualities  of  the 
' '  Old  Oaken  Bucket ' '  are  preserved  and  its  bad 
qualities  made  good.  As  a  means  of  drawing 
water  from  an  open  well  it  is  certainly  valuable. 
Mr.  Ball  has  a  United  States  Patent  upon  this 
elevator  which  he  is  now  reissuing  through  the 
Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency. 

New  Method  of  Prospecting. — The  North 
Bloomfield  Gravel  Mining  Company  have,  ac- 
cording to  the  Nevada  Transcript,  withdrawn 
their  property  in  Nevada  county  from  the 
market,  and  will  immediately  commence  to 
thoroughly  prospect  their  claims.  A  tunnel 
9,000  feet  long,  is  to  be  run  from  Humbug  Creek 
so  as  to  drain  the  North  Bloomfield  Basin. 
They  are  going  to  try  a  new  plan  in  opening 
the  Bhafts.  Three  shafts  are  to  be  sunk  on  the 
line,  and  when  they  are  down  to  bed  rock  the 
tunnel  will  be  worked  each  way.  In  opening 
these  shafts  a  hole  is  to  be  bored  the  full  depth 
to  which  the  shafts  are  intended  to  be  sunk, 
that  is,  till  they  strike  the  tunnel  level.  The 
hole  is  to  be  filled  with  sand,  and  when  they 
wish  to  put  in  a  blast,  as  much  sand  will  be 
taken  out  as  will  be  necessary  to  leave  a  hole 
of  the  proper  depth.  By  this  means  as  soon  as 
they  commence  work,  they  expect  to  be  able  to 
blast  and  sink  as  fast  as  sand  and  dirt  can  be 
dug  out.  Great  confidence  is  felt  in  the  favor- 
able results  of  this  plan,  and  it  is  shortly  to  be 
put  into  execution.  It  seems  to  us,  however, 
that  unless  more  than  one  hole  were  bored  the 
plan  would  not  work  very  well,  since  the  men 
would  still  have  to  drill  others  by  hand  in  the 
corners.  If  one  hole  were  bored  in  the  middle 
of  the  shaft  and  four  more  around  it  and  then 
all  the  blast  fired  simultaneously  there  might 
be  some  advantage  in  it;  for  boring  the  holes 
first  by  machinery,  as  proposed  above,  would 
assuredly  cause  a  saving  of  time  and  the  shafts 
would  go  .down  rapidly  after  blasting  once  be- 
gan. It  is  likely,  however,  that  the  question 
will  be  practically  tested  by  the  parties  men- 
tioned above. 


Patent  Decision. — In  a  late  decision  of  the 
Commissioners  of  Patents  in  the  case  of  Armis- 
tead  vs.  Blackwell,  concerning  an  interference 
in  the  well  known  trade  mark  of  the  Durham' 
smoking  tobacco,  the  Patent  Office  decided  in 
favor  of  Arniistead.  The  decision  was  to  the 
effect  that  Wright,  the  assignor  of  Arniistead, 
had  a  legal  title  to  the  word  "Durham"  as  a 
trade-mark  for  smoking  tobacco,  and  that  Ar- 
mistead  acquired  title  to  it  from  him.  That  the 
word  was  not  originally  adopted  as  the  distinc- 
tive name  of  a  locality,  or  to  show  that  it  was 
manufactured  or  sold  at  a  place  called  Durham; 
but  that  it  was  purely  a  fancy  designation, 
adopted  as  an  arbitrary  symbol  to  denote  that 
peculiar  product. 

Sime's  Bank. — In  the  failure  of  John  Simes 
&  Co.,  recently,  the  real  estate  only  paid  de- 
positors 50  cent  on  the  dollar,  but  among  the 
assets  was  a  quantity  of  mining  stock  which 
the  recent  advance  has  appreciated  so  much 
that  the  bank  will  pay  dollar  for  dollar  and  it  is 
said  leave  a  surplus  of  upwards  of  $20,000. 
Mining  stocks  are  not  always  a  bad  investment 
by  any  means  as  the  creditors  of  this  institu- 
tion will  no  doubt  now  allow.  It  is  seldom  we 
hear  of  a  broken  bank  coming  to  life  especially 
after  the  banker's  death. 


274 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  4,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Vein  Phenomena. 

[Written  for  the  Pbess  by  A.  J.  Bbowm.] 

Influence  of  Enclosing  Rocks  on   the  Character 
of   True  Veins. 

Editoes  Pbess: — Two  of  the  late  numbers  of 
the  Scientific  Pbess,  March  9th  and  16th,  con- 
tain interesting  extracts  from  a  lecture  by 
Professor  Smythe,  -wherein  reference  is  made 
to  the  effect  the  "  country  or  enclosing  rocks 
produce  on  the  metallic  character  of  true 
veins." 

The  subject  is  certainly  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance to  every  mining  engineer,  and  almost 
equally  so  to  all  persons  engaged  in  mining  en- 
terprises, and  is  well  worthy  of  a  careful  inves- 
tigation. Farthermore,  the  study  of  the  sub- 
ject, aside  from  its  importance  in  a  practical 
sense  is  highly  interesting. 

That  some  such  theory  has  generally  obtained 
oredence  among  miners  we  may  infer  from  the 
fact  that  they  have  fora  long  time  laid  particular 
stress  upon  the  character  of  the  formation  in 
which  veins  occur,  and  have  accepted  or  con- 
demned new  districts  according  to  ther  precon- 
ceived notions  of  the  favorable  or  unfavorable 
character  of  the  enclosing  rocks.  But,  many  of 
the  popular  theories  in  regard  to  veins,have  been 
proven  to  be  popular  fallacies.  For  instance, 
about  the  time  of  the  discovery  of  the  Reese 
Eiver  mines,  it  was  the  generally  accepted  the- 
ory that  veins  invariably  grow  richer  in  depth 
until  water  was  reached  and  sulphuret  ore  found. 
Still  later.at  the  time  of  the  discovery  of  Eeveille 
Hot  Creek,  and  other  limestone,  mineral  bear- 
ing formations,  the  theory  was  promulgated 
that  silver  could  not  exist  in  limestone,  (how- 
ever favorable  it  might  be  for  ^the  development 
of  lead  ores) ;  but  the  discovery  of  White  Pine 
and  its  extensive  deposits  of  free  silver  ore  of 
unequalled  richness,  proved  too  much  for  the 
theory,  and  it  gradually  yielded  to  the  pressure 
of  circumstances,  only  to  be  replaced  by  anoth- 
er, far  more  pernicious  in  its  effects  on  mining 
industry.  To-wit :  That  deposits  in  limestone 
were  not  permanent  in  depth.  But  |this,  like 
the  others  named,  is  certainly  and  surely  being 
disproved  by  the  stern  logic  of  the  pick  and 
drill.  Limestone  deposits  are  quite  as  likely 
to  continue  in  depth  as  those  are  in  other  kinds 
of  country,  with  this  difference — that  true 
veins  are  a  sure  guide  to  the  miner  in  his  search 
for  deeper  ore  bodies,  while  in  limestone  there 
if  often  nothing  but  a  stained  seam  or  slip  (and 
sometimes  not  even  that)  to  guide  him  in  his 
further  search. 

Perhaps  this  theory  of  the  enclosing  rocks 
influencing  the  "metallic  contents  of  veins," 
may  not  be  able  to  stand  xthe  [test  of  a  rigid 
investigation  ;  but  apparently  the  weight  of 
evidence,  so  far,  strongly  tends  to  its  support, 
particularly  as  regards  such  metals  as  are  usu- 
ally found  in  nature  as  chemical  compounds — 
such  as  silver,  copper,  lead,  antimony,  etc.,  and 
perhaps  in  a  lesser  degree  gold  also — lead  ores 
appear  to  have  a  marked  affinity  for  limestone 
in  ;all  countries  and  under  nearly  all  circum- 
stances, and  here  we  may  find  the  explanation 
of  the  cause  of  the  "complicated  association  of 
base  metals  found  in  eastern  Kevada  and  Utah," 
by  far  the  largest  portion  of  the  mining  districts 
being  situated  wholly  in  limestone.  To  fully 
establish  this  theory  careful  and  extended  obser- 
vations must  be  made  over  a  wide  extent  of 
mineral  country,  not  only  of  the  physical  char- 
acteristics of  the  enclosing  rocks,  but  of  their 
chemical  composition  also.  From  present  ap- 
pearances 

The  Eastern  Part  of  the  "  Great  Basin " 
Will  in  the  future  furnish  excellent  facilities 
for  the  study  of  vein  phenomena.  In  most  of 
the  noted  mining  localities  the  veins  or  deposits 
occur  in  stratified  rocks,  either  limestone  or 
slate,  mainly  in  the  former.  In  some  of  the 
districts  the  upper  mineral  bearing  strata  are 
fully  exposed,  and  are  known  to  be  of  limited 
thickness  to  another  underlying  formation  very 
different  in  character  and  composition.  In 
such  cases  it  will  be  interesting  to  note  the 
change,  if  any,  that  occur  in  the  mineral  char- 
acter of  such  veins  or  deposits  with  the  change 
in  the  formation.  Evidences  of  the  influence 
of  the  enclosing  rocks  on  the  ' ( metallic  con- 
tents of  veins,"  are  apparently  not  entirely 
wanting  in  eastern  Nevada;  but  owing  to  the 
almost  undeveloped  condition  of  the  country, 
and  the  total  absence  of  deep  works  such  evi- 
dence is  merely  superficial,  and  perhaps  by  no 
means  conclusive,  yet'the  most  superficial  ob- 
server must  necessarily  note  the  great  difference 
in  the  type  of  minerals  occuring  even  in  limit- 
ed localities,  sometimes  even  in  different  parts 


of  the  same  vein,  and  that  every  such  change 
is  accompanied  by  a  considerable  change  in  the 
lithological  character  of  the  formation.  Further- 
more, whenever  the  minerals  are  identical, 
even  in  localities  remote  from  each  other,  a  re- 
markable similarity  in  the  enclosing  rocks  is 
plainly  observable. 

Eeveille  and  Schell  Creek  are  two  hundredmiles 
distant  from  each  other,  yet  the  minerals  are  al- 
most identical,  both  yielding  silver  glance,  cop- 
per, silver,  glance  and  chloride  or  horn  silver, 
with  occasional  traces  of  metallic  silver,  and  the 
Schell  Creek  ores  contain  in  addition,  traces  of 
antimony.  Dolomite  in  both  cases  is  the  pre- 
vailing formation.  The  same  formation  occu- 
pies the  free  metal  portion  of  Treasure  Hill,  and 
probably  the  original  mineral  was  mainly  silver 
glance,  and  the  present  combination  of  silver 
with  chlorine,  is  the  result  of  the  complete  de- 
composition of  the  original  compound.  Nearly 
every  district  situated  in  the  stratified  rock  of 
the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  furnishes  exam- 
ples illustrative  of  this  theory,  and  some  of 
them  will  be  referred  to  further  on ;  but,  first  I 
propose  to  consider 

The  Relations   that  Limestone  Deposits  Bear  to 
true  Veins. 

Apparently  the  country  rocks  not  only  influ- 
ence the  mineral  contents  of  veins,  but  in  some 
cases  determine  the  vein  character  also.  In- 
stances are  not  wanting  of  true  veins  in  slate, 
granite,  etc.,  losing  their  vein  character  on 
passing  into  a  limestone  formation,  and  again 
assuming  it  on  passing  into  another  formation 
favorable  for  vein  developments. 

Eastern  Nevada  and  Utah  contain  an  almost 
unlimited  number  of  limestone  mineral-bearing 
localities.  Fully  three  out  of  every  five  dis- 
tricts so  far  discovered  are  situated  in  lime- 
stone, varying  in  geological  age  from  the  lower 
Silurian  to  the  Upper  Devonian.  In  fact,  in  al- 
most every  instance  where  limestone  has  been 
discovered  older  than  the  Carboniferous,  valu- 
able minerals  have  been  found  associated  with 
it.  But  few  of  the  districts  have  as  yet  attained 
to  much  importance  as  mining  centres ;  yet  the 
majority  of  them  are  of  fair  promise,  and  their 
future  worth  is  only  a  question  of  time  and 
capital.  Hence  the  vast  extent  of  country  oc- 
cupied by  limestone  and  the  great  number  of 
important  districts  already  found  exclusively  in 
that  formation,  render  the  study  of  its  peculiar 
mineral  system  of  the  utmost  practical  import- 
ance. True  fissure  veins  are  said  not  to  exist 
in  limestone.  To  a  certain  extent  this  is  prob- 
ably true.  True  veins  in  the  general  acceptance 
of  the  term,  are  probably  rarely  or  never  found 
in  genuine  limestone;  and  even  those  veins  in- 
closed in  calcareous  shales  and  schists  are  ap- 
parently intermediate  between  deposits  and 
true  veins,  and  partake  to  a  certain  extent  of 
the  character  of  both.  Nevertheless,  fissures 
do  exist  in  limestone,  but  various  causes  pre- 
vent their  being  classed  as  true  veins,  the  most 
important  of  which  are  the  absence  of  well 
defined  walls,  and  the  extreme  irregularity  often 
exhibited  by  the  vein  itself,  sometimes  pinch- 
ing to  a  mere  seam,  then  gradually  expand- 
ing into  deposits  frequently  of  vast  extent;  and, 
such  indeed,  is  the  condition  of  affairs  to  be  ex- 
pected when  we  take  into  consideration  the  sol- 
uble character  of  this  formation  in  the  presence 
of  carbonic  acid,  a  substance  common  to  all 
natural  waters.  Consequently  whenever  the 
thermal  waters  have  had  free  access  to  the  walls 
of  the  fissure,  chambers  often  of  large  di- 
mensions would  be  hollowed  out  and  afterwards, 
or  perhaps  simultaneously  filled  with  ore  bear- 
ing material,  while  the  dissolved  lime  heldby  the 
water  would  be  deposited  as  ealcite,  wherever 
the  conditions  were  favorable,  which  would 
probably  often  happen  to  be  in  parts  of  the 
same  fissure.  Thus  we  would  have  deposits  of 
varying  dimensions  in  those  parts  of  the  vein 
exposed  to  the  eroding  action  of  the  water,  al- 
ternating with  narrow  and  perhaps  barren 
seams  in  other  parts  that  were  by  some  means 
protected  from  its  action.  In  veins  having  con- 
siderable underlie,  so  that  the  foot  wall  would 
support  the  solid  impurities  deposited  from  the 
water,  thereby  protecting  it  from  its  eroding 
action,  we  would  naturally  expect  to  find  that 
wall  comparatively  smooth,  while  the  hanging 
wall,  having  no  such  protection,  would  be 
eroded  into  irregular  chambers.  And  such  in- 
deed we  find  to  be  the  condition  of  affairs  ob- 
servable along  the  main  ore  channel  of  Treas- 
ure Hill.  For  there  while  the  west  or  foot  wall 
is  fairly  defined  and  smooth,  the  eastern  or 
hanging  wall  is  very  irregular  and  is  penetrated 
by  all  the  large  deposits  on  that  line.  This 
class  of  veins  are  often  vertical,  or  nearly  so, 
seldom  having  much  underlie,  and  are  desig- 
nated by  English  mining  engineers  as  "pipe 
and  rake  veins. "  There  are  two  other  classes 
of  deposits  found  in  limestone  formations,  that 
are  more  difficult  of  classification,  as  both  alike 
appear  to  be  but  mere  arbitrary  deposits  having 
no  connection  with  any  vein  system  whatever. 
One  of  these  is  in  reality  what  it  appears  to  be, 
nothing  but  superficial  deposits,  without  order 
or  arrangement  in  their  mode  of  occurrence. 
They  are  generally  confined  to  the  bedding  of 
certain  horizontal  strata,  and  are  evidently 
formed  by  the  mineral  waters  percolating  through 
the  strata  from  some  adjacent  "ore  channel," 
dissolving  the  limestone  and  depositing  silver 
and  ore  of  silvel  or  other  metals  in  its  place. 

The  other  class  is  far  more  important  from  a 
practical  standpoint,  as  its  minerals  are  evi. 
dently  derived  from  a  deeper  source,  and  there- 
fore may  reasonably  be  expected  to  show  greater 
permanency  in  depth.  The  deposits  of  this 
class  penetrate  the  underlying  strata  to  consid- 
erable depths.  They  likewise  show  a  consider- 
able degree  of  order  in  their  mode  of  arrange- 
ment. They  are  mostly  found  .within  well  de- 
fined limits,   frequently  forming  a  continuous 


chain  of  deposits  several  miles  in  length.  In 
their  course  they  generally  coincide  with  the 
anticlinal  axis  of  an  extensive  upheaval  of  the 
country  rocks;  but  in  some  cases  they  appear  to 
lie  nearly  or  quite  over  such  axial  lines. 

The  main  belt  of  Treasure  Hill,  has  a  length 
north  and  south  of  more  than  four  miles,  cor- 
responding throughout  with  the  axial  line  of 
the  upheaval.  It  is  also  accompanied  by  a 
large  vein  of  spar  or  ealcite,  which  in  all  cases 
marks  its  western  boundary.  The  strata  over- 
lying the  belt  is  considerably  faulted  for  the 
greater  part  of  its  length,  thus  furnishing  con- 
clusive evidence  of  the  fractured  and  disturbed 
condition  of  the  underlying  strata.  The  same 
phenomena  also  occurs  in  Schell  Creek.  There 
the  main  belt  follows  the  axis  of  the  range  for 
something  like  twenty  miles.  It  is  accom- 
panied by  unmistakable  evidence  of  the  violent 
action  of  mechanical  and  chemical  forces, — 
such  as  the  fracture  and  faulting  of  strata,  and 
the  alteration  of  the  stratified  rocks.  A  series 
of  volcanic  outflows  along  the  west  side  of  the 
range  has  deluged  that  part  with  volcanic 
rocks.  There  is  also  a  strong  presumption  that 
the  slight  upheaval  accompanying  them  has 
fractured  the  strata  underlying  the  main  belt. 
In  short,  all  the  circumstances  attending  both 
the  great  mineral  belts  above  noticed,  as  well 
as  others  of  the  same  class,  tend  to  produce  the 
impression  that  they  overlie  great  rents  or  fis- 
sures in  the  deep  underlying  strata,  which  gave 
vent  to  the  solf ataras  that  formed  the  deposits ; 
or  in  other  words  that  the  fissure  veins  in  the 
deeper  strata  have  been  changed  into  deposits 
in  passing  through  the  limestone. 

Treasure  City,  Nev.,  April,  1872. 
[To  be  continued.] 

Mining,     the    Great   Pursuit   of    the 
Pacific  States. 

Written  for  the  Phess  by  A.  B.  Paul. 

When  the  vast  area  of  mineral  lands,  com- 
prising California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Montana 
and  Idaho,  are  considered,  and  the  immensity  in 
numbers  of  mineral  bearing  lodes  are  realized 
by  observation,  the  question  will  ''arise,  what 
pursuit  equals  mining  in  extent  ?  It  is  all  idle 
to  talk  about  manufacturing  as  being  the  lead- 
ing interest  of  the  Pacific  States,  with  labor  at 
its  standard.  That  farming  is  to  rule,  with  sea- 
sons so  uncertain,  or  that  either  are  more  legit- 
mate  than  mining.  I  do  not  propose  to  depre- 
cate either;  all  are  necessities,  and  should  have 
the  fostering  care  of  capital  and  industry ;  but 
when  it  comes  to  that  pursuit  which  is  to  ab- 
sorb the  largest  amount  of  brains  and  capital, 
to  be  the  leading  branch  of  industry  of  the 
Pacific  States,  it  is  mining,  and  the  sooner  it 
is  an  admitted  fact  the  better  will  it  be  for  all 
branches  of  industry,  as  well  as  mining  itself. 
As  miners  and  business  men,  more  or  less  con- 
nected with  mining  and  its  results,  all  are  get- 
ting their  brains  wonderfully  pried  open  to 
what  they  were  years  ago.  Who  then  could 
realize  the  fact  that  12  inches  of  any  mining 
ground  could  be  sold  for  $25,000  cash?  that 
any  one  mine  could  produce  500  tons  of  ore  in 
one  day,  and  yield  more  than  a  half  a  million 
dollars  in  a  single  month.  And  yet  all  this  has 
been  exceeded.  Who  will  say  that  it  is  impossi- 
ble, after  what  has  been  done  within  the  past 
year,  to  double  our  bullion  product  in  the  next. 
What  are  Sutro  Tunnel  enterprises  in  compari- 
son with  the  operations  now  going  on  on  the 
Comstock  ?  And  yet  that  has  been  viewed  as 
such  a  gigantic  undertaking. 

Large  ideas  lessen  when  larger  ones  present 
themselves,  and  it  is  in  this  sense  that  we  are 
only  learning  to  mine,  and  in  proportion  as]  we 
enlarge  our  ideas,  and  accept  mining  as  a  legit- 
imate pursuit,  will  our  prosperity  increase. 
That  a  brighter  day  is  opening  for  the  Pacific 
coast,  no  one  can  question;  that  prosperity  is 
based  on  our  attention  to  mining. 

The  whole  business  history  of  this  coast 
shows  that  when  we  mined  most  all 
branches  of  business  were  more  prosperous; 
that  when  we  deserted  it,  we  deserted  our  own 
interest.  Mining  now  is  in  the  advance,  but 
not  so  much  so  as  it  is  to  be. 

The  future  seems  clear  to  my  mind,  but  I 
will  not  predict.  Let  us  have  some  care  for 
others  as  well  as  ourselves;  give  English,  East- 
ern or  any  capital  legitimate  mines  for  their 
coin;  eschew  "wild  cat"  mining,  and  by  so 
doing  mining  not  only  becomes  a  legitimate 
pursuit,  but  the  great  leading  interest  of  the 
Pacific  States.  With  it  comes  population,  man- 
ufactures and  commerce. 


Danger  of  Mining. — Two  hundred  and 
seventy-two  miners  were  killed  and  622 
wounded  in  the  Pennsylvania  anthracite 
coal  region  last  year,  making  220  widows, 
and  500  or  600  orphans.  The  Scranton 
Republican  says  that  about  one-third  of  the 
whole  number  of  the  killed  met  their  death 
on  account  of  neglect  of  operators  to  make 
second  openings  to  their  mines.  Another 
third  were  killed  by  the  explosion  of  gas- 
es, which  would  have  been  averted,  if  the 
law  required  every  mine  to  be  examined 
by  an  experienced  miner  with  a  safety- 
lamp,  before  the  workmen  enter  it,  had 
been  complied  with. 


The  Countries  Where  Gold   Goes, 

In  the  reign  of  Darius  gold  was  thir- 
teen times  more  valuable,  weight  for 
weight,  than  silver.  In  the  time  of  Plato 
it  was  twelve  times  more  valuable.  In 
the  time  ef  Julius  Caesar  gold  "was  only 
nine  times  more  valuable,  owing,  perhaps, 
to  the  enormous  quantities  of  gold  seized 
by  him  in  the  wars.  It  is  a  natural  ques- 
tion to  ask:  What  became  of  all  the  gold 
and  silver?  A  paper  read  before  the  Poly- 
technic Association  by  Dr.  Stephens  is 
Calculated  to  meet  this  inquiry.  Dr. 
Stephens  says  of  our  annual  gold  product, 
fully  fifteen  per  cent,  is  melted  down  for 
manufacturing;  thirty-five  per  cent,  goes 
to  Europe;  twenty-five  per  cent,  to  Cuba; 
fifteen  per  cent,  to  (■  Brazil;  five  per  cent, 
directly  to  Japan,  China  and  the  Indies; 
leaving  but  five  per  cent,  for  circulation 
in  this  country. 

Of  the  gold  which  goes  to  Cuba,  the 
"West  Indies  and  Brazil,  fully  fifty  per 
cent,  finds  its  way  to  Europe,  where,  after 
deducting  a  large  percentage  used  in  man- 
ufacturing, four-fifths  of  the  remainder  is 
exported  to  India. 

Here  the  transit  of  the  precious  metal  is 
at  an  end.  Here  the  supply  is  absorbed , 
and  never  returns  to  the  civilized  world. 
The  Orientals  consume  but  little,  while 
their  prodnctions  have  ever  been  in  de- 
mand Among  the  "Western  nations.  As 
mere  recipients  these  nations  have  ac- 
quired the  desire  and  habits  of  accumulat- 
ing and  hoarding  ,  a  habit  common  alike 
to  all  classes  among  the  Egyptians,  Chi- 
nese and  Persians.  A  French  economist 
says,  in  his  opinion  the  former  nation 
alone  can  hide  away  $20,000,000  of  gold 
and  silver  annually,  and  the  present  Em- 
peror of  Morocco  is  so  addicted  to  this 
avaricious  mania  that  he  has  filled  seven- 
teen large  chambers  with  the  precious 
metal.  The  passion  of  princes,  it  is  not 
surprising  that  the  same  spirit  is  shared 
by  their  subjects,  and  it  is  in  this  prede- 
liction  that  we  discover  the  solution  of  the 
problem  as  the  ultimate  disposition  of  the 
precious  metals. 

This  absorption  by  the  Eastern  nations 
has  been  uninterruptedly  going  on  since 
the  most  remote  historical  period.  Accord- 
ing to  Pliny,  as  rnuoh  as  $100,000,000  in 
gold  was  in  his  day,  annually  exported  to 
the  East.  The  balance  of  trade  in  favor  of 
those  nations  is  now  given  as  $80,000,000. 

An  American  Iron  Steamship. 

Philadelphia  expects  to  be  able  to  pre- 
sent to  the  commercial  world  in  a  few 
days  the  novel  spectacle,  in  American 
waters,  of  the  launch  of  an  American  iron 
steamship  built  of  American  materials, 
owned  by  American  capital  and  to  be 
manned  by  American  seamen.  The  craft 
is  the  pioneer  of  the  American  Steamship 
Company  of  that  city.  She  is  3,016  tons 
burden,  old  measurement,  355  feet  in 
length,  43  feet  beam,  and  will  be  furnished 
with  independent  compound,  vertical,  di- 
rect acting,  surface-condensing,  propeller 
engines.  The  steamships  of  this  line  are 
to  be  arranged  to  carry  75  first-class  and 
854  steerage  passengers,  the  total  cost  of 
the  four  to  be  ©2,080,000,  and  they  are  to 
be  named  respectively  the  "Pennsylva- 
nia," to  be  completed  September  1st,  1872; 
"Ohio,"  to  be  completed  November  1st, 
1872;  "  Indiana,"  to  be  completed  Decem- 
ber 1st,  1872;  and  "  Illinois,"  to  be  com- 
pleted January  1st,  1873. 

Accident  at  the  New  Eureka  Mill. — 
Yesterday  one  of  the  two  large  line  shafts 
which  run  the  pans  at  the  Eureka  mill, 
Carson  Kiver,  suddenly  broke  in  two.  The 
only  noticeable  effect  of  the  break  in  the 
mill  was  the  sudden  stoppage  of  one  whole 
row  of  pans.  But  for  a  govenor,  very  sim- 
ilar to  those  used  on  steam  engines,  the 
powerful  water  wheel  would  have  made 
things  very  lively  in  the  mill;  but,  as  it 
was,  the  govenor  instantly  shut  off  about 
half  the  supply  of  water  going  into  the 
wheel,  and  instead  of  a  storm  the  usual 
calm  continued.  The  shaft  broken  was 
five  inches  in  diameter.  To  guard  against 
similar  accidents  in  future,  Abe  Edging- 
ton,  Superintendent  of  the  mills  of  the 
Union  Mill  Company,  seeing  this  accident, 
at  once  telegraphed  to  San  Erancisco  to 
have  sent  here,  8-inch  shafts.  The  5-inch 
shafts  were  quite  large  enough  had  the 
mill  been  running  at  the  calculated  speed, 
but  having  concluded  to  rush  matters,  the 
speed  at  which  they  were  running  was  too 
much  for  even  five  inches  of  solid  wrought 
iron. — Virginia  Enterprise,  April  'Hist. 

Eotjk  new  steel  guys  have  been  put  in 
position  on  the  New  Suspension  Bridge, 
at  Niagara  Ealls.  These  guys  are  consider- 
ed one-third  stronger  than  the  common 
ones  in  use. 


May  4,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


275 


ECHANICAL 


$?ROGRES& 
t2 


Remarkable  Testing  Machine. — Tho  Engi- 
neer, in  an  article  on  the  strength  of  materials, 
speaks  of  the  wonderful  testing  machine  of  Mr. 
Kirkaldy,  in  London,  and  of  the  results  ob- 
tain- d  thereby.  The  machine  is  capable 
of  breaking  a  heavy  girder  or  a  half- 
inoh  liar,  of  pulling  asunder  a  thin  wire  or  the 
shank  of  ji  best  Down  anchor,  of  crushing  a 
great  cube  of  east  iron  or  a  common  brick,  and 
vw  in  all  oases  giving  results  strictly  compara- 
ble and  accurate.  It  has  beon  in  constant  ope- 
ration for  over  six  years,  and  is  now  thought  to 
have  been  brought  to  the  limit  of  perfection. 
It  can  exert  either  a  eorapressina  or  a  tensioual 
strain  of  over  :J50  tons  with  perfect  safety.  It 
will  take  iu  bars  or  columns  of  greater  length 
than  are  generally  used  in  construction,  and  it 
will  test  girders  for  transverse  strain  uf  any 
depth,  and  any  length  up  to  30  feet,  provided 
they  are  not  moro  than  1!J  inches  wide,  meas- 
ured across  tho  flanges,  the  length  between  the 
supports  whilo  under  test  being  26  feet.  The 
arrangements  for  measuring  and  recording  the 
stretch  and  loud  on  any  specimen  are  extremely 
simple  and  ingenious,  and  heavy  as  tho  ma- 
chinery ix,  the  finish  is  so  good,  tho  knife  edges 
so  accurate,  and  the  motion  of  the  more  mas- 
sive portions  so  slow  and  so  easy,  that  practi- 
cally perfect  accuracy  is  obtained.  Mr.  Kirk- 
aldy  has  made  most  valuablo  and  interesting 
experiments  iu  iron,  steel,  building  materials, 
alloys,  springs,  India  rubber,  tubes,  belting, 
ropes,  etc. 

Private  Gas  Manufacture. — Mr.  Symes,  of 
England,  has  lately  patented  a  portable  gas 
apparatus  for  small  consumers,  for  which  im- 
portant claims  are  made  and  which  is  described 
in  the  Jour.  Soc.  Arts.  It  consists  of  a  circular 
box  or  iron  retort  with  a  cover  fitting  into  place 
like  a  valve  so  that  no  luting  is  necessary.  In 
this  is  placed  the  gas-making  material,  which 
may  consist  of  coal,  wood,  peat,  in  fact  of  any 
solid  combustible  house  refuse.  The  retort 
may  be  placed  and  heated  in  an  ordinary  stove 
or  kitchen  range.  The  gas  formed  passes  first 
into  a  tank  of  water,  where  it  is  deprived  of 
certain  impurities.  This  tank  or  main  is  in- 
geniously constructed  with  a  safety  valve, 
means  of  regulating  the  amount  of  water  and 
hence  the  pressure,  etc.  Thence  the  gas  enters 
a  condenser,  at  tho  foot  of  which  is  a  purifier, 
aud  from  this  passes  into  a  gasholder  and  thence 
to  the  burners.  The  construction  is  said  to  be 
remarkably  ingenious  and  simple.  The  appa- 
ratus requires  very  little  attention.  The  first 
cost  of  the  apparatus  for  25  to  30  lights  is  given 
as  20  and  25  shillings  ($5  and  $G)  per  light,  the 
rate  decreasing  wath  every  increase  of  light. 
Made  from  "  slack,"  the  cost  of  the  gas  is  esti- 
mated at  25  cents,  from  coal  at  $4%  per  ton 
with  10  per  cent,  cannel  at  45  cents,  per  1,000 
feet.  The  illuminating  power  is  reported  as 
equal  to  18  candles  or  more,  while  the  purity 
of  the  gas  is  stated  to  be  perfect. 

Copying  Press. — A  clever  application  of  sci- 
ence to  commercial  purposes  has  been  made 
by  an  Italian  gentleman,  M.  Eugenio  de  Zuc- 
cato,  of  Padua.  By  means  of  the  invention 
any  number  of  copies  of  a  manuscript  or  design, 
traced  upon  a  varnished  metal  plate,  may  be 
produced  in  an  ordinary  copying  press.  The 
modus  ojjerandi  is  very  simple.  To  the  bed 
and  upper  plate  of  a  press  are  attached  wires 
leading  from  a  small  battery,  so  that  wheu  the 
top  of  the  instrument  is  screwed  down  the  two 
metal  surfaces  come  into  contact,  and  an  elec- 
tric current  passes.  An  iron  plate  resting  upon 
the  bed  of  the  press  is  coated  with  varnish, 
and  upon  this  surface  is  written  with  a  steel 
point  any  communication  it  is  desired  to  copy. 
The  letters  having  thus  been  formed  in  bare 
metal,  a  few  sheets  of  copying  paper  are  im- 
pregnated with  an  acid  solution  of  prussiate  of 
potash,  and  placed  upon  the  scratched  plate, 
which  is  then  subjected  to  pressure  in  the  copy- 
ing press.  An  electric  current  passes  wherever 
the  metal  has  been  left  bare,  (where  the  writing 
is  therefore,)  and  the  prussiate  solution  acting 
upon  the  iron,  there  is  found  prussiate  of  iron 
or  Prussian. blue  characters,  corresponding  to 
those  scratched  upon  the  plate.  The  number 
of  copies  that  may  be  produced  by  this  electro- 
chemical action  is  almost  unlimited,  and  the 
formation  of  the  Prussian  blue  lines,  is,  of 
course,  instantaneous. — Nature. 


Mechanical  Improvements. — The  substan- 
tial growth  and  prosperity  of  every  town  or 
city  is  based  upon  its  mechanical  improvements 
and  industrial  resources.  "Wherever  the  hum 
of  machinery  is  heard,  and  the  manufacture 
for  any  article  is  established,  there,  it  may  be 
safely  asserted,  are  the  true  elements  of  thrift 
and  progress;  because  production  is  the  life  of 
trade,  and  through  the  channels  of  trade  flows 
the  life-blood  of  the  civilized  !  and  commercial 
world.  Hence,  the  vital  importance  to  all  sec- 
tions of  establishing  manufactories.  Too  long, 
alas!  have  they  relied  upon  the  workshops  01 
New  and  Old  England  to  supply  them  with 
cloths  for  raiment  and  implements  for  labor. 
Too  long  have  they  looked  elsewhere  for  arti- 
cles of  daily  use  which  might  have  been  easily 
produced  at  home,  by  the  proper  application  of 
a  little  capital,  enterprise  and  labor.  It  is  to 
this  suicidal  policy  on  the  part  of  the  people, 
that  may  be  attributed  to  their  present  poverty 
and  dependence. — N.  J.  Mechanic. 


IsriiKM-K   -I"    Intknsx   Cold  on  Sikel  and 
1  The   correctness   of   the  popular  idea 

(strongly  encouraged  by  railroad  companies) 
that  intense  cold  renders  iron  and  steel  more 
brittle,  and  may  hence  occasion  the  fracture  of 
tho  tires  of  wheels  during  severe  frost,  which 
has  caused  many  deplorable  railway  aceid<  uts, 
has  long  been  doubted  by  practical  physioistB. 
The  subject  has  now  bean  again  investigated; 
and  from  some  papers  read  at  a  recent  meeting 
of  the  Manchester  Literary  and  Philosophical 
Society,  (and  published  in  Aature,  No.  Go,  Jan. 
26)  by  Sir  W.  i'airbairn,  Dr.  Joules  and  .Mr. 
Speuce,  it  would  appear  to  be  satisfactorily  de- 
termined that  a  low  temperature  has  no  -  ffeot 
in  rendering  iron  more  brittle.  Dr.  Joule's  ex- 
periments were  particularly  decisive,  and  con- 
sisted of  applying  weights  suspended  from  the 
middle  of  steel  needles  at  different  tempera- 
tures, aud  letting  tho  blunt  edge  of  a  steel 
chisel  fall  on  cast-iron  nails  under  similar  cir- 
cumstances. His  general  conclusion  is  that 
frost  does  not  mako  either  iron  (cast  or 
wrought)  or  steel  brittle;  and  that  accidents 
arise  from  the  neglect  of  the  railway  companies 
to  submit  wheols,  axles,  and  all  other  ports  Oi 
their  rolling  stock,  to  a  practical  and  sufficient 
test  before  using  them. — Eciectic  Magazine. 


Sheathing  Iron  Vessels  With  "Wood. — Not- 
withstanding the  acknowledged  superiority  of 
iron  over  wooden  vessels  for  general  service  aud 
durability,  we  have  seen  it  stated  that  experi- 
ence has  shown  the  necessity  for  giving  the 
former  a  protective  sheathing  of  wood.  At 
least  this  is  the  case  on  our  great  northern 
lakes. 

Tho  reason  of  this  is,  that  touching  at  so 
many  ports  where  the  entrance  is  through  nar- 
row, rock-bound  channels,  there  is  much  danger 
of  striking  a  jagged  point  or  the  loose  boulders 
on  the  bottom.  In  either  case  there  is  dnnger 
of  puncturing  a  hole  through  the  unyielding 
iron  plates,  which  cannot  be  easily  stopped  or 
repaired  without  going  into  dry-dock,  W  oodeu 
vessels,  however,  frequently  strike  even  harder 
without  receiving  serious  injury,  the  wood  of 
the  hulls  being  sufficiently  elastic  to  receive  the 
shock  without  the  breakage  of  the  Bhell  suffi- 
cent  to  admit  water,  or  so  little  as  not  to  injure 
the  cargo,  nor  require  dry-docking,  the  damage 
being  repaired  from  the  inside,  or  a  liberal  use 
of  .pitch  or  oakum. 


The  Danes  Furnace — An  Inventor  Reward- 
ed.— It  is  stated  that  an  agreement  has  been 
entered  into  between  Mr.  Danks,  the  inventor 
of  a  new  puddling  machine,  and  a  combination 
of  iron  manufacturers  representing  the  differ- 
ent iron  districts  in  England,  whereby  the  lat- 
ter undertake  to  have  200  furnaces  on  his  plan 
put  up  within  six  months,  and,  in  considera- 
tion of  his  permission  to  do  so,  to  pay  him 
§250,000  at  that  time,  whether  the  furnaces  are 
in  operation  or  not. 

It  is  intended,  on  payment  of  a  further  sum, 
to  erect  260  more,  which  with  the  50  before  ar- 
ranged for,  will  make  something  like  450  fur- 
naces in  England  alone.  This  is  such  a  revo- 
lution as  has  never  before  occurred  in  the  his- 
tory of  perhaps  any  industry,  and  the  more  is 
it  to  be  wondered  at  when  it  is  remembered 
that,  till  July  last,  it  was  thought  that  hand- 
puddling  must  for  ever  continue,  every  ma- 
chine to  do  away  with  it  having,  before  that, 
entirely  failed. 


Copying  Drawings  by  the  Aid  of  the  Induc- 
tion Coil. — All  draftsmen  are  acquainted  with 
the  device  of  puncturing  holes  through  a  draw- 
ing for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  an  outline  and 
afterwards  transferring  the  outline,  by  sifting 
fine  plumbago  or  other  powder  through  the 
small  holes.  The  fatigue  of  making  the  holes 
by  hand  is  great,  and  M.  Cauderay,  of  Lau- 
sanne, proposes  to  employ  the  induction  coil 
for  this  purpose.  A  table  covered  with  tin  foil 
is  connected  with  the  negative  pole,  on  it  may 
be  placed  as  many  sheets  of  paper  as  the  spark 
will  pass  through.  The  positive  pole,  consist- 
ing of  a  metal  bar,  insulated  with  gutta-percha, 
can  serve  as  a  pencil  for  copying  the  tracings. 
The  metal  point  of  the  pencil  being  moved 
about  on  the  contour  and  outline  of  the  en- 
graving, electric  sparks  spring  across  every 
time  a  connection  is  made,  and  puncture  fine 
holes  through  the   paper. — Scientific  American 


Photographic  Invention. — Among  the  most 
remarkable  of  discoveries  in  photography  is  that 
claimed  by  one  Johnson,  an  Englishman.  The 
invention  is  a  panoramic  camera,  which,  by  in- 
genius  mechanism,  sweeps  the  whole  landscape 
and  takes  it  on  a  plane  surface  embracing  on 
one  negative  one-third  of  the  circle.  The  ex- 
actitude of  its  operation  is  as  singular  as  the 
beauty  of  the  results.  The  pantoscope  begins 
at  one  end  of  the  view  desired  and  goes  round 
the  horizon  as  one  sweeps  the  telescope,  the 
plate  moving  with  a  corresxoonding  motion 
through  the  arc,  which  might  be  a  circle  if  it 
were  desirable. 


Steel  Kails. — Although  we  have  no  full  sta- 
tistics of  the  production  and  introduction  of 
steel  rails,  it  is  still  well  known  that  their  use  is 
rapidly  increasing.  The  follow  figures  are  quite 
reliable:— 8,500  tons  in  1868;  12,000  tons  in 
1869;  45,000  tons  in  1870  and  60,000  in  1871. 
It  is  very  generally  conceded  that  steel  rails  are 
to  supercede  iron  in  all  the  great  railroads,  turn- 
outs, sidings,  etc.,  almost  everywhere.  Their 
first  cost  is  about  50  per  cent,  greater  than  iron; 
but  they  last  so  much  longer  that  there  can  be 
no  doubt  of  their  economy.  No  steel  rail  has 
yet  been  worn  out. 


Curious  Phenomenon  of  EtBCDBBKin  Vision. 

In  the  course  of  some  experiments  with  anew 
double-plate  Holtz  machine, says  Prof.  Young  of 
Dartmouth  College  in  the  Amer,  Jour.  Science,  ] 
have  come  upon  a  very  curious  phenomenon 
which  I  do  not  remember  ever  to  have  seen  no- 
ticed. The  machine  gives  easily  intense  Leyden 
jar  sparks  from  7  to  9  inches  in  length,  and  of 
most  dazzling  brilliance,  when,  in  a  darkened 
room,  the  eye  is  screened  from  the  direct  light 
of  the  spark,  the  illumination  produced  is  suffi- 
cient to  rendi  r  everything  in  the  apartment  ris- 
ible; and  what  is  remarkable,  every  conspicuous 
object  is  seen  Urnce  at  least,  with  an  interval  of 
a  trifle  loss  than  one-quarter  of  a  second — the 
first  time  vividly,  the  second  time  faintly;  often 
it  is  seen  a  third,  and  sometimes,  hut  only  with 
great  difficulty,  seen  a  fourth  time.  The  ap- 
pearance is  precisely  as  if  the  object  had  been 
suddenly  illuminated  by  a  light  at  first  bright, 
but  rapidly  fading  to  extinction,  and  as  if, 
while  the  illumination  lasted,  the  observer  were 
winking  as  fast  as  possible. 

I  see  it  best  by  setting  up  in  front  of  the  ma- 
chine, at  a  distance  of  8  or  10  feet,  a  white 
screen  having  upon  it  a  black  cross  with  arms 
about  3  feet  long  and  1  foot  wide.  That  the 
phenomenon  is  really  subjective,  and  not  due 
to  a  succession  of  sparks,  is  easily  shown  by 
swinging  the  screen  from  side  to  side.  The 
black  cross,  at  all  periods  of  visibility,  occupies 
the  same  place  and  is  apparently  stationary. 
The  same  is  true  of  a  stroboscope  disc  in  rapid 
revolution;  it  is  seen  several  times  by  each 
spark,  but  each  time  in  the  same  position. 
The  is  no  apparent  multiplication  of  a  moving 
object  of  any  sort. 

Measuring  roughly  the  interval  between  the 
succession  instants  of  visibilty,  in  my  own 
case  the  mean  of  12  experiments  gave  0.22  sec. 
as  the  interval  between  the  first  and  second  see- 
ing of  the  cross  upon  the  screen ;  separate  results 
varying  from  0.17  to  0.30  sec.  Another  observ- 
er found  a  mean  interval  of  0.24  sec. 

"Whatever  the  true  explanation  may  turn  out 
to  be,  the  phenomenon  at  least  suggests  the 
idea  of  a  reflection  of  tluz  nervous  impulse  at  the 
nerve  extremities  ■ —  as  if  intense  impression 
upon  the  retina,  after  being  the  first  time  prop- 
agated to  the  brain,  were  there  reflected,  re- 
turned to  the  retina  and  from  the  retina  traveling 
again  to  the  brain  renewed  the  sensation.  I 
have  ventured  to  call  the  phenomenon  "recur- 
rent vision." 

It  may  be  seen,  with  some  difficulty,  by  the 
help  of  an  induction  coil  and  Leyden  jar,  or 
even  by  simply  charging  a  Leyden  jar  with  an 
old-fashioned  electrical  machine,  and  discharg- 
ing it  in  a  darkened  room.  The  spark  must  be 
at  least  an  inch  in  length. 

New  Method  op  Measuring  the  Velocity  of 
Rotation. — Prof.  Dolbrae  describes  in  the 
Amer.  Jour,  of  Science  a  simple  and  exact  way 
of  doing  this,  which  can  be  applied  to  measur- 
ing the  velocity  of  wheels  of  any  size,  and 
every  possible  speed,  without  inconvenience  or 
expense.  The  revolving  disc  is  smoked  on  one 
side  and  a  tuning  fork,  with  a  cone  of  india 
rubber  fastened  to  one  branch,  made  to  vibrate 
while  the  disc  is  rotating.  The  point  of  tho 
cone  is  touched  to  the  disc.  The  number  of 
undulations  thus  made  once  around  the  disc  is 
counted.  By  this  number  the  known  number 
of  vibrations  made  per  second  by  the  fork  is 
divided  and  the  result  is  the  rate  per  second  of 
the  velocity.  Thus  if  the  fork  makes  100  vi- 
brations per  second  and  there  are  two  undula- 
tions in  a  single  revolution,  the  disc  turns  50 
times  per  second.  A  single  wave,  or  even  half 
of  one,  is  sufficient  for  the  determination  if  the 
length  be  measured  in  degrees,  in  this  case  the 
velocity  being  equal  to  tho  number  of  vibra- 
tions of  the  fork  per  second,  multiplied  by  the 
length  of  one  wave  in  degrees,  and  the  result 
divided  by  360. 

The  Projected  Austrian  Polar  Expedition. 
The  results  of  the  Austrian  expedition  of  last 
summer  have  given  rise  to  a  strong  attempt  on 
the  part  of  the  Austrians  to  send  another  and 
larger  expedition,  the  general  plan  of  which 
was  stated  last  December  before  the  Vienna 
Academy  of  Science  by  Lieut.  "Weyprecht.  The 
expedition  is  to  be  prepared  for  three  summers 
and  two  winters  as  soon  as  the  north  coast  of 
Nova  Zembla  is  free  from  ice.  A  start  will  be 
made  in  order  to  reach  the  Siberian  Islands  the 
first  summer  if  possible.  The  first  winter  is  to 
be  spent  here  and  the  second  on  the  land  which 
has  been  seen  (but  never  reached)  to  the  east 
of  the  New  Siberian  Islands.  The  objective 
point  of  the  third  summer  is  Behring  Straits. 
If  New  Siberia  cannot  be  reached  the  first  sum- 
mer, the  expedition  will  winter  the  first  time 
on  Cape'  Tscheljuskin,  the  most  northerly  point 
of  Asia,  and  reach  New  Siberia  the  second  sum- 
mer. The  cost  of  the  expedition  is  estimated 
at  175,000  gulden  (about  $80,000)  of  which 
some  45,000  gulden  have  been  subscribed  al- 
ready. The  building  of  a  ship  for  the  purpose 
has  been  commenced. 


Rotation  of  the  Sun. — Zollner  and  Vogel 
have  succeeded  in  applying  the  spectroscope  to 
the  measurement  of  the  velocity  of  the  sun's 
rotation.  Vogel  found  for  the  motion  of  a 
point  on  the  sun's  equator  a  velocity  of  1.96 
miles  per  second  in  one  series  of  observations, 
and  1.64  miles  in  a  second  series.  These  ve- 
locities are  greater  than  those  at  present  ad- 
mitted, and  Vogel  considers  the  observations  at 
present  as  simply  demonstrating  the  fact  of  the 
sun's  rotation. 


ArRORAs. — Although  auroras,  says  the  Me- 
chanics? Magazine,  are  much  more  frequently 
seen  in  Latitudes  north  of  ours  than  in  our  own, 
the  North  Pole  is  not  the  region  around  which 
the  most  splendid  and  magnificent  displays  of 
the  northern  lights  are  to  be  seen.  As  we 
travel  further  north  from  England,  auroras  be- 
come more  and  more  common  until  a  certain 
latitude  has  been  reached,  after  which  they  be- 
come less  frequent.  And,  strangely  enough, 
the  region  in  which  the  display  is  most  com- 
monly to  be  seen  lies  further  north  in  some 
longitudes  than  in  others.  For  example,  an 
inhabitant  of  St.  Petersburg  would  have  to 
travel  northwards  to  within  11)  degrees  of  the 
Pole  before  attaining  the  region  of  the  most 
frequent  auroral  displays.  On  the  other  hand, 
an  inhabitant  of  Washington  need  only  travel 
northwards  to  latitude  5ti  degrees  to  reach  the 
place  of  the  greatest  auroral  action.  If  we 
took  a  globe  and  marked  down  all  the  spots 
thus  obtained,  we  should  hud  that  they  formed 
a'nearlv  circular  band  within  which  the  North 
Pole  would  occupy  a  very  eccentric  position.  In 
fact,  we  could  represent  the  position  of  the  band 
very  well  by  constructing  a  ring  of  card  or  paper 
of  such  dimensions  as  to  agree  with  the  sixtieth 
parallel  of  latitude,  and  then  pushing  the  ring 
down  on  the  side  of  America  and  upwurds  on 
the  side  of  Asia,  until  it  passed  through  the 
most  southerly  part  of  Hudson's  Bay  and  the 
most  northerly  part  of  Siberia.  When  fully 
formed,  the  auroral  arch  is  a  most  symmetrical 
and  beautiful  apparition.  It  surrounds  a  space 
of  slate-colored  light, and  from  the  arch  itself  lu- 
minous streamers  dart  with  a  quivering  motion 
towards  what  is  termed  the  magnetic  meridian. 
Sometimes  the  ends  of  the  arch  are  bent  down- 
wards near  the  horizon;  but  at  others  they  arc 
bent  in  a  contrary  direction.  Hansteen  relates 
that  when  he  was  at  Christiana  he  twice  saw 
the  auroral  arch  in  the  form  of  a  complete  oval. 
Sometimes  more  than  one  arch  has  been  seen. 
On  one  occasion  the  observers,  who  were  sent 
by  the  French  Government  to  winter  at  Bosse- 
kop,  in  Finland,  saw  no  less  than  nine  arches, 
separated  by  dark  spaces,  "and  resembling  in 
their  arrangement  magnificent  curtains  of  light, 
hung  behind  and  below  each  other,  their  bril- 
liant folds  stretching  completely  across  tho 
sky." 


Respiration  of  Fish. — M.  Grehaut,  in  tho 
course  of  a  lecture  on  respiration  in  fishes, 
states  that,  as  shown  by  previous  writers,  fish 
are  able  to  live  in  water  until  almost  the  whole 
of  the  oxygen  it  contains  in  a  state  of  solution 
has  been  exhausted.  This  was  shown  by  a 
chemical  examination  of  some  water  in  which 
live  fish  were  preserved,  and  which,  after  the 
expiration  of  a  certain  time,  showed  an  entire- 
absence  of  oxygen,  no  change  iu  the  amount  of 
nitrogen,  and  double  the  amount  of  carbonic 
acid. 

Another  curious  fact  noted  by  the  lecturer 
was  that  fish  breathe  by  their  skin  as  well  as  by 
their  gills,  nearly  as  great  a  change  in  the  com- 
position of  the  gases  contained  in  the  water 
being  observed  when  the  animals  were  suspend- 
ed up  to  their  branchiaa  as  when  the  whole 
body  was  immersed.  He  also  stated  that  the 
presence  or  absence  of  the  swimming  bladder 
had  little  effect  on  the  product  of  respiration. 

Spectrum  of  the  Zodiacal  Light.  —  This 
subject  is  intimately  connected  with  that  of  the 
spectrum  of  the  aurora,  because  Angstrom  an- 
nounced that  the  zodiacal  light  and  the  aurora 
both  gave  the  same  monochromatic  spectrum. 
But  Liais,  the  Brazilian  astronomer,  has  lately 
been  studying  the  zodiacal  light  under  the  very 
favorable  sky  of  Bio  Janeiro,  and  comes  to  a 
different  conclusion.  He  finds  that  this  does 
not  differ  from  ordinary  sunlight,  but  gives  a 
continuous  spectrum.  It  is,  however,  too  faint 
to  see  any  dark  lines.  This  result  is  confirmed 
by  Rev.  T.  "W.  Webb,  of  England,  who  has  re- 
cently been  observing  the  zodiacal  light  with  a 
spectroscope  which  shows  the  auroral  line  very 
distinctly.  He  sees  nothing  like  the  green  au- 
roral line  in  the  zodiacal  spectrum. 


Movement  of  Stars  in  Space. — General  Du- 
four,  of  Switzerland,  in  the  course  of  a  recent 
investigation,  attempts  to  show  that  in  the  case 
of  the  movement  of  two  stars  around  a 
point  supposed  fixed,  this  point  must  be  in  mo- 
tion. He  also  concludes  that  the  curve  is 
plane,  and  that  the  stars  remain  in  the  same 
plane  during  their  translation ;  and  the  infer- 
ence is  that  these  stars  have  both  received  one 
impulse  and  a  parallel  movement,  also  that  the 
movement  of  the  apsides  proves  that  the  cen- 
tre of  gravity  of  the  system  is  displaced  not  ac- 
cording to  a  straight  line,  but  a  curved  one. 

New  Fossils  in  Kansas. — The  first  remains 
of  Pterodactyls  ever  found  in  this  country  were 
fragments  of  a  gigantic  species,  P.  occidentalism 
discovered  by  Prof.  Marsh,  in  1870,  in  the  upper 
Cretaceous  shale  of  western  Kansas.  The  next 
year  two  other  species,  P.  inc/ens  and  P.  velox 
were  found  by  the  same  party  in  or  near  the 
same  locality  (near  the  Smoky  Kiver),  showing 
that  the  peculiar  reptiles,  so  long  deemed  want- 
ing in  America,  were  apparently  well  represent- 
ed here  during  the  later  cretaceous.  They  are 
described  in  the  April  Amer.  Jour,  of  Sci. 

Flora  of  the  Canaries. — According  to  M. 
De  Candolle,  the  flora  of  the  Canary  Islands, 
while  containing  scarcely  any  plant  peculiar  to 
the  western  coast  of  Africa,  includes  a  large 
number  found  also  in  Em-ope.  Thisfactwould 
seem  to  indicate  that  these  islands  were  long  ago 
united  to  Europe  by  a  land  connection,  while 
they  appear  to  have  always  remained  separate 
from  Africa. 


276 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS) 


[May  4,  1872. 


INING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  is  mostly  condr-nsed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior.in  proximity  to  the  uiineB  mentioned 


California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Started  Up. — Alpine  Chronicle,  April 
20:  Two  amalgamators  for  the  Tarshish 
Mill  arrived  on  Wednesday's  stage,  and  on 
Thursday  the  mill  and  furnaces  were 
started  up. 

Pioneer  Mill.— This  mill,  at  Markle- 
ville,  is  to  be  removed  to  Hope  Valley, 
where  it  will  be  erected  for  the  use  of  the 
Barnes'  mine. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Specimen. — Jackson  Dispatch,  April  27  : 
A  Co.  who  4iave  been  engaged  in  working 
a  placer  claim  on  the  south  fork  of  Jackson 
Creek,  were  rewarded,  last  Friday,  by  find- 
ing a  piece  of  quartz  weighing  a  little  over 
8  lbs,  and  valued  at  from  $500  to  $1,000. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Scbtfferd's  Claim. — San  Andreas  Citi- 
zen, April  27:  Mr.  Sceifferd  is  taking  ou* 
ore  preparatory  to  having  it  crushed  at 
Lloyd's  mill. 

Capitol. — This  Co.  are   down   35  or  40 
ft.     They  have  a  well  defined  vein,  which 
widens  as  they  go  down. 
EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Rich. — Placerville  Democrat,  April  27  : 
The  Pocahontas  Co.  at  Logtown,  have 
struck  a  richer  deposit  than  ever  before 
found  in  the  mine.  .  , 

LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 

San  Gabkiel. — Los  Angeles  News,  April 
20:  The  Roberts  Co.  is  the  only  one  at 
present  working,  being  engaged  in  hy- 
draulicing  a  bank  at  least  500  ft  above  the 
level  of  the  river.  Four  men  are  at  work 
prospecting  new  ground.  The  first  clean- 
up was  $300  from  an  8  day's  run. 

The  Ferguson  Co.  have  15  men  cutting 
their  ditch,  2  miles  of  it  being  already 
completed.  There  still  remains  another 
two  miles  unfinished.  Kaley  &  Co.  are 
also  engaged  in  ditch-making.  The  Pat- 
terson &  Hawley  claim  is  in  the  bed  of 
the  river,  where  preparations  are  going  on 
to  commence  sinking. 

NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Dead  Man's  Flat. — Nevada  Transcript, 
April  23:  The  shaft  on  Hunt  &  Talbot's 
ground  is  being  timbered  and  pumped 
out,  and  will  soon  be  in  working  order 
again. 

The  Constitution  claims  tunnel  work 
will  soon  be  commenced. 

Idaho  Mine. — There  is  enough  ore  in 
sight  for  3  years'  work,  and  the  mine  is 
paying  better  than  at  any  time  since  it  was 
opened. 

Locations. — Sisson,  Wallace  &Co.  have 
located  all  the  waters  of  Martis'  Creek  and 
its  tributaries. 

F.  E.  Baker  and  others  have  located 
1,500  ft  of  mining  ground,  at  Blue  Tent, 
Nevada  Township. 

Buchanan. — The  mine  is  on  Big  Deer 
Creek,  about  3  miles  east  of  this  city.  The 
tunnel  isin  300  ft,  and  the  ledge  is  opened 
to  the  depth  of  100  ft.  It  is  about  20 
inches  wide,  and  the  rock  pays  steadily 
from  $25  to  $30  per  ton. 

Sweetland. — The  Sweetland  Creek  G. 
M.  Co.  are  employing  45  men  night  and 
day,  and  using  750  inches  of  water.  They 
clean  up  every  6  weeks  an  average  of  $30,- 
000.  The  Creek  claims,  owned  by  the 
same  Co.,  clean  up  from  $2,500  to  $3,000 
at  every  run  of  6  weeks. 

The  Buckeye  Co.  are  running  a  tunnel 
2,200  ft  in  length  to  reach  the  bottom 
gravel,  900  ft  being  completed,  and  expect 
to  have  it  finished  by  next  fall. 

The  Manzanita  Co.  are  running  off  top 
dirt,  which  is  paying  well.  They  are  also 
engaged  in  running  a  ^tunnel  to  reach  the 
pay  gravel. 

The  American  Co.,  on  Manzanita  Hill, 
are  running  night  and  day,  and  using 
about  1,100  inches  of  water.  They  clean 
up  every  2  or  3  weeks  from  $9,000  to  $12,- 
000.  This  Co.  is  also  running  a  tunnel  to 
get  in  lower  to  reach  the  gravel. 

Banks,  Dennigen  &  Co.,  on  the  same 
Hill,  are  taking  out  considerable  gold. 

The  Yuba  Co.  have  just  started  in  with 
very  bright  prospects. 

Relief  Hill. — Nearly  all  the  Co's  are 
at  work.  The  Eagle  Co.  is  engaged  in 
drifting,  working  8  men,  and  clean  up 
every  30  days.  The  last  run  they  made 
yielded  them  at  the  rate  of  $47  to  the 
hand,  or  in  the  aggregate  of  over  $11,000 
for  the  30  days'  run.  The  Waukeshaw  Co. 
are  progressing  finely  in  their  hydraulic 
claim.  The  Union  and  Eureka  Co's  are 
working  a  large  number  of  men,  and  their 
prospects  of 'large  clean-ups  are  good. 
Bricks. — Grass  Valley  Union,  April  23: 


At  Findley's  place  last  evening  might  have 
been  seen  2  gold  bricks  from  the  Idaho 
mine,  valued  at  $15,000,  out  of  a  15  stamp 
mill,  run  for  2  weeks. 

Rich  Strike. — The  steam  machinery  of 
the  Knight  of  Malta  has  been  in  opera- 
tion for  several  days,  and  Thursday  night 
the  water  was  taken  out  of  the  shaft. 
Yesterday  morning  the  miners  in  sinking 
on  the  ledge  found  the  most  beautiful 
rock,  filled  with  free  gold  and  sulphurets. 
The  ledge  has  fine  walls  and  is  from  2  to  3 
ft  thick  in  the  shaft. 

PLACER  COUNTY- 

Rich  Strike. — Auburn  Herald,  April  27: 
Mr.  Moran  has  opened  a  quartz  ledge  in 
his  field,  some  9  ft.  deep.  It  showed 
gold  at  the  top,  and  at  the  above  depth  re- 
vealed very  rich  rock.  The  ledge  is  about 
18  inches  wide. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — San  Diego  Union,  April  18: 
There  was  shipped  yesterday,  to  S.  F., 
bullion  amounting  to  $5,875. 

Jullian  Mines. — The  ore  of  the  Owens 
lead,  at  the  depth  of  100  ft.,  regarded  as 
low  grade  rock  is  proving  itself  to  be  $75 
ore.  The  ledge  is  fully  5  ft.  wide.  The 
proprietors  of  the  Stonewall  lead  recently 
purchased  a  60-horse  power  engine,  and 
intend  to  add  5  stamps  to  their  mill.  The 
other  leads,  unmentioned,  are  all  being 
vigorously  worked. 

Shipped. — San  Diego  Bulletin,  April  20: 
There  was  shipped  yesterday,  bullion 
valued  at  $1,585. 

Work  is  about  being  resumed  in   the 
Good  Hope  mine.     This  ledge  is  about  100 
yards  north  of  the   Owens.     The   shaft  is 
now  74  ft.  deep. 
SIERRA  COUNTY. 

Bald  Mountain.—  Downieville  Messen- 
ger, April  20:  The  Bald  Mountain  Co., 
Forest  City  have  reached  the  shaft  with 
their  tunnel,  and  will  soon  be  taking  out 
pay. 

Brandt  City. — Nevada  Transcript,  April 
25:  Last  season  Marks  &  Co.,  of  Moore's 
Flat,  purchased  a  gravel  claim  and  two 
ditches,  known  as  the  Brandy  City  claims, 
for  $72,000.  Sixty  days  after  commence- 
ment of  work,  this  Co.  cleaned  up  $32,200. 
SISKIYOU. 

Black  Bear. — Yreka  Union,  April  20: 
In  the  lower  level— something  over  400  ft. 
from  the  surface — the  ledge  is  from  22  to 
24  ft.  in  thickness.  The  rock  is  of  excel- 
lent quality. 

Quartz  on  Humbug. — Last  Friday,  Mr. 
Lash  made  his  final  clean-up  of  the  batter- 
ies and  blankets  of  the  Eliza,  prior  to  turn- 
ing the  property  over  to  the  new  purchasers 
and  the  yield  was  a  trifle  over  $16  per  ton 
At  the  Brown  Bear,  Clark  &  Cornish  are 
sinking  upon  the  ledge  and  find  it  widen- 
ing as  they  descend. 

TRINITY  COUNTY 

New  Diggings. — Weaverville  Journal, 
April  20;  S.  MeGillivray  intends  to  take 
a  portion  of  the  water  from  his  Canon 
Creek  ditch  to  the  large  red  flat,  back  of 
the  Buther  place  supposed  to  be  very 
rich. 
TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

Sonora  Independent,  April  27:  New 
Start. — The  Patterson  Quartz  mine,  near 
Tuttletown,  is  to  be  reopened  immedi- 
ately. 

Orcutt  Mine. — The  mine,  at  Jackson- 
ville, has  struck  a  very  rich  stratum  of 
rock,  which  prospects  all  through  it  at  the 
rate  of  $42  per  ton. 

Chispa. — Capt.  Turner,  picked  up  on 
Tuesday  last,  on  his  ranch  out  of  a  pile  of 
tailings,  a  piece  of  gold  weighing  10  ozs., 
and  $12. 

Lennon  &  Wagner  Mine. — These  gen- 
tlemen are  down  upon  their  vein  50  ft. ,  at 
which  depth  it  is  10  inches  wide,  and  av- 
erages $35  per  ton  with  flattering  pros- 
pects.— Within  the  last  few  days  they  have 
taken  out  $500. 

Strike. — Wright  &  Orcutt,  Jackson- 
ville, inform  us  that  they  have  struck  a 
rich  deposit  of  gold-bearing  gravel  in  their 
neighborhood. 

Republican  Quartz  Mine. — The  own- 
ers of  the  Republican  mine  have  a  vein 
13  inches  thick,  paying  on  the  average, 
$10  per  ton. 

Another     Lead.  —  The    workmen     in 
Hughes'    Tunnel,     Jeffersonville,   having 
left  the  old  lead,  are  driving  a  side  tunnel 
to  tap  a  lead  in  another  direction. 
YUBA     COUNTY. 

Brown's  Valley  Mines. — Marysville 
Appeal,  April  27:  The  Brown's  valley 
quartz  mines,  including  the  Pennsylva- 
nia, Donnebrook,  and  other  veins  or 
lodes,  have  been  purchased  by  S.  F.  capi- 
talists who  propose  to  proceed  immedi- 
ately to  re  -open  and  work  them  vigorous- 
ly. 

Sucker  Flat. — G.  V.  Union,  April  24: 
At  the  the  Blue  Point,  the  tunnel  through 


which  their  flume  runs  is  2,100  ft.  long. 
In  that  hole  over  $200,000  have  been  taken 
out.  There  tunnel  is  40  ft.  below  the  bed- 
rock. 

At  the  Blue  Gravel  work  is  being  prose- 
cuted with  vigor.  The  miners  started  to 
run  an  incline  Monday  to  tap  their  tunnel. 
They  clean  up,  on  an  average,  from  $60,- 
000  to  $70,000  in  a  run  of  40  days.  They 
have  started  a  tunnel  which  is  to  be  3,000 
ft  long  to  wash  the  blue  gravel  that  lies 
between  the  cement  and  bed  rock. 

The  Enterprise  has  not  began  to  wash 
yet  as  their  tunnel  is  not  through.  They 
have  about  520  ft.  yet  to  run  before  it  is 
completed. 

The  Smartsville  claim  have  run  into  the 
hill  so  far  that  they  now  have  a  175  ft. 
bank.  They  have  a  250  ft  pressure  to  wash 
their  dirt. 

Nevada. 
EUREKA  district- 
Antelope  Dist. — Eureka  Sentinel,  April 
21:  There  are  about  20  men  there,  and 
the  principal  discovered  ledge  is  the  "Mer- 
imac,"  the  rock  from  which  is  worth  $150 
per  ton. 

New  Discovery.  ■ —  From  immediately 
south  of  the  Jackson  Co.'s  furnaces  is  a 
hill  lately  named  "Coy  Hill,"  on  which 
some  fine  locations  have  been  made  re- 
cently.    Assaying  well. 

Robinson  Dist. — The  Canton  M.  Co. 
has  extensive  interests  in  this  Dist.,  which 
will  be  worked  during  the  coming  sum- 
mer. 

New  York  Canon. — The  Golden  Gate 
has  a  shaft  down  over  a  100  ft. ,  and  drift- 
ing from  the  second  body  of  ore  is  pro- 
gressing rapidly.  The  Fourth  of  July  is 
driving  matters,  and  immense  quantities 
of  high  grade  ore  are  being  brought  out. 
The  Oromoso  has  a  fine  body  of  high  grade 
ore  in  sight  at  only  20  ft.  from  the  surface. 
The  Morris  is  looking  well  in  the  incline 
at  a  depth  of  15  ft.  The  Hannah  has  an 
incline  from  the  hoisting  shaft,  with  ore 
the  whole  width  of  the  drift  for  30  ft.  in 
length. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Pacific  Tunnel  No.  2. — Ely  Record, 
April  21:  The  length  is  700  ft.,  running 
in  a  direct  line  for  the  American  Flag 
mine.  At  346  ft.  a  cut  was  run  about  12 
ft.  in  a  northwest  direction,  and  a  very 
large  vein  of  pay  ore  was  struck.  From 
the  dip  it  is  supposed  to  be  the  Vermillion 
lead.  At  480  ft.  another  vein  was  struck 
of  about  the  same  character  as  the  first. 
The  face  of  the  tunnel,  from  late  surveys, 
was  found  to  be  280  ft.  from  the  surface. 
One  hundred  and  eighty  ft.  more  will  be 
run  to  strike  the  American  Flag  ledge; 
thence  through  Spring  Mound,  tapping 
all  the  great  mines  in  Pioche  at  an  im- 
mense depth. 

Ward  Beecher — Has  been  sunk  240  ft. 
with  rich  results.  At  210  ft.  a  drift  was 
run  west  about  20  ft.,  which  opened  up  a 
magnificent  body  of  ore;  the  average  assay 
being  $107  to  the  ton.  On  Thursday  at 
240  ft.,  an  immense  body,  covering  the 
entire  bottom  of  the  shaft. 

Phenix. — This  claim,  on  Panaca  Flat,  is 
looking  exceedingly  well.  The  shaft  has 
been  sunk  over  200  ft.,  and  on  Wednes- 
day last  a  body  of  ore  2  feet  in  width  was 
struck,  assays  from  which  give  a  return  of 
$100  to  $500. 

Page  &  Panaca.— Work  is  being  car- 
ried on  vigorously.  The  main  shaft  is 
down  about  200  ft. ,  and  33  ft.  below  the 
first  station.  At  260  ft.  a  new  station  will 
be  opened.     3  shifts  are  sinking  the  shaft. 

Condor. — Work  will  be  shortly  resumed 
with  a  full  force  of  men.  The  shaft  is 
down  about  90  ft.;  a  ledge  of  4  ft.  in  width 
has  been  opened  up,  and  shows  well. 
They  have  about  30  tons  of  good  ore  on 
the  dump. 

Maggie — This  shaft  is  120  ft.  deep. 
About  2  ft.  of  pay  ore  has  been  discovered 
within  the  last  2  weeks.  The  mine  is  on 
Spring  Mound  just  above  the  Creole  shaft 
of  the  Raymond  &  Ely. 

Vulture. — This  mine,  near  the  Bowery, 
has  shown  ore  4  ft.  in  width,  and  assays 
run  from  $100  to  $150  per  ton.  A  shaft 
has  been  sunk  30  ft.,  and  chlorides  are 
said  to  be  plentiful  at  the  bottom. 

Kingston.— The  shaft  is  190  ft.  deep 
with  very  favorable  indications.  Work  is 
being  pushed  vigorously. 

Bowery. — Down  190  ft.,  and  drifting  for 
the  ledge.     Shipping  about  10  tons  of  ore 
to  mill  daily,  which   mills  an   average  of 
$250  per  ton. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Genacca's  Mill. — Humboldt  Register, 
April  20:  It  is  expected  to  be  turning  out 
bullion  by  the  first  of  July. 

Dun  Glen. — Cor.  same:  The  Lang  Syne 
mill  will  start  up  on  Monday  with  a  new 
trip-hammer  battery. 

A  large  body  of  rich  ore  has  been  struck 
in  the  mine  within  the  last  few  days. 


Work  continues  steadily  in  the  Tallulah 
tunnel,  with  strong  indication  of  a  ledge.  - 
In  the  main  shaft  the  ledge  is  5  ft.  wide, 
and  looking  finely.' 

Davey  and  Nelson  are  pushing  work  on 
their  mine.  About  50  tons  of  shipping  ore 
on  the  dump. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  State,  April 
27:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona 
since  our  last  issue,  was  $5,523. 

Alpha  Ore.— The  English  mill,  at  Reno, 
is  running  to  its  full  capacity,  day  and 
night,  mostly  on  ore  from  the  Co.'s  mine 
in  Echo  Dist.— the  Alpha.  The  ore  mills 
$75  per  ton. 

Aegentura  Dist. — Work  is  being  prose- 
cuted vigorously  on  the  recently  discov- 
ered mines  in  Argentura  Dist. 

REESE  RIVER. 

Pacific  Co.  (Limited). — Reese  River 
Reveille.  April  20:  In  the  Lane  &  Fuller 
shaft  a  cross  cut  is  being  run  at  the  550  ft. 
level,  and  a  small  quantity  of  high  grade 
ore  extracted  from  the  ledge.  At  the  400- 
ft.  level  the  pay  streak  is  extensive,  vary- 
ing in  width  from  6  inches  to  2  ft.  in  the 
2  ledges  being  worked.  In  the  Buel  North 
Star  at  the  500  ft.  level,  the  ledge  is 
stripped  longitudinally  for  200  ft.,  show- 
ing a  face  of  ore  the  entire  length,,  the 
width  of  the  ledge  averaging  from  1  to  3  ft. 
Working  54  men. 

Grove  Tunnel. — This  mine  as  let  out  in 
contracts  to  various  parties.  Now  in  ore 
house,  about  40  tons  high  grade  ore,  be- 
longing to  various  lessees.  Total  number 
of  men  working,  22. 

Morgan  &  Muncey.— At  bottom  of  400- 
ft.  level,  the  ledge  is  of  an  average  size  of 
12  inches.  Hoisting  good  ore  and  piling 
in  ore  house. 

Saybrook  will  shortly  commence  deep- 
ening shaft  150  ft.  Now  working  in  110 
ft.  level,  and  getting  ore  of  average  grade. 
Working  8  men. 

Esther. — Running  a  cross  cut  for  the 
ledge  at  the  200  ft.  level,  and  clearing  out 
drift  preparatory  to  taking  out  ore. 

Diana. — Running  5  prospecting  drifts 
on  ledge  at  different  levels,  lowest  300  ft. 
Getting  out  ore  in  the  120  and  150  ft. 
levels.  Shipping  ore  to  Manhattan  mill 
and  Wren's  Concentrator.  Working  15 
men. 

Isabella.— Getting  rich  rock  in  the  lower 
level.     Working  20  men. 

Manhattan  Shaft. — Leased  to  various 
parties.  Working  35  men,  100  tons  ore  on 
dump. 

Florida. — Getting  out  ore  averaging 
$350  per  ton,  shipping  to  Manhattan  Mill. 
About  10  tons  on  the  dump.  Working  12 
men. 

Clark  &  Co. — Getting  out  very  high 
grade  ore  and  shipping  to  Manhattan. 

Ku  Klux,  a  fine  body  of  ore  has  recently 
been  struck  in  this  mine,  in  a  ledge  of  an 
average  width  of  2ft.,  containing  some 
base  but  averaging  high  in  silver. 

Mills— Manhattan. — Running  steadily 
on  custom  ore,  and  ore  from  the  Co.'s 
mine. 

Wren's  Concentrator.  —  Running 
steadily  on  ore  purchased  from  various 
dumps,  and  on  small  lots  from  Diana, 
Martineau  and  Grove  Tunnel. 

Metacom  will  start  up  as  soon  as  the 
price  of  wood  will  admit. 

Yankee  Blade  Dist— Ensign. — During 
the  week  past  19  tons,  of  an  estimated 
value  of  $150  pel-  ton,  has  been  shipped  to 
Manhattan  mill,  and  1%  tons  which  as- 
sayed $1,000  per  ton,     Working  3  men. 

Kling  &  Kelly. — Shaft  down  150  ft.  Av- 
erage width  of  ledge  2  ft.  Shipping  ore 
to  Manhattan,  varying  by  assay  from  $100 
to  $350  per  ton.  Working  20  men. 
New  York  Canon— CHASE.-Tunnel  in  600 
ft.  Ledge  from  1  ft.  to  18  inches  in  width. 
On  dumps,  30  tons  of  ore.  Working  2  men. 

Morris  &  Cable. — Width  of  ledge  from 
6  to  18  inches,  15  tons  of  high  grade  ore 
on  dump.     Working  4  men. 

Gold  Mt.  and  Ltda  Valley. — There  are 
at  Gold  Mountain  about  30  men  and  at 
Lida  Valley  about  20,  who  are  engaged 
in  prospecting  the  ledges  already  discover- 
ed. In  a  tunnel  run  by  B.  F.  Higgs,  at 
Gold  Mountain,  water  sufficient  for  do- 
mestic purposes  has  been  struck.  The 
formation  at  Gold  Mountain  is  .sienitic 
granite  and  porphry,  and  the  ore  is  in  the 
form  of  sulphurets  and  chlorides  of  silver, 
and  sulphuret  and  free  gold.  About  7 
miles  from  Gold  Mountain  are  several 
ledges  carrying  carbonate  ores  suitable  for 
smelting.  The  principal  mines  are  the 
Boreno,  Shaw  and  Nova  Zembla  on  which 
shafts  have  been  sunk. 

Murphy  Mine. — Since  the  15th  of  Feb. 
about  300  tons  of  ore  have  been  taken 
from  the  mine  which  averaged  $125  per 
ton.  The  ledge  is  20  ft.  in  thickness  in 
which  are  2  veins  of  pay  ore,  one  5  ft.  and 
the  other  from  6  inches  to  2  ft.  in  width. 
The  Co.  own  in  connection  with  the  mine, 


May  4,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


277 


a  20-ntamp  mill.     About   00   men   are  em- 
ployed in  and  about  the  mine  and  mill. 
WASHOE. 

Sutbo  Tunnel. — Virginia  Enterprise, 
April  21 :  The  tunnel  was  yesterday  in 
2,840  ft. 

Alaska  Con.  M.  Co. — The  Co.  is  in  the 
Coleman  M.  Dist.  ,6  or  7  miles  south  of 
the  Daney  mine.  Considerable  work  is 
being  done  on  this  cluim,  and  the  ore  be- 
ing taken  out  has  all  the  appearance  of 
Comstock  ore.  The  center  ledge  is  CI  ft. 
wide,  the  west  ledge  24  ft.  (and  .the  east 
ledgo  30  ft.  A  force  of  men  are  thorough  ■ 
ly  prospecting  the  mine,  and  sinking  shafts 
and  running  tunnels. 

New  Utah  Shaft. — The  new  shaft  will 
bo  about  the  center  of  the  claim  and  600 
feet  east  of  the  old  shaft.  Work  will  be 
commenced  to-day  on  the  new  shaft,  which 
will  out  the  lead  at  a  depth  of  about  GOO  ft. 

McMkans. — A  shaft  is  sunk  100  ft.  deep 
and  a  tunnel  000  ft.  in  longth  is  run. 

Oveusian.— The  1,000  ft.  station  is  open- 
ed and  a  drift  level  for  the  ledge  from  that 
point  will  be  commenced  soon. 

Piotou. — Shaft  155  ft.  deep,  with  an  in- 
cline of  70  ft.  deeper  on  the  ledge.  Tun- 
nel 550  ft.  with  100  ft.  further  to  go  to  cut 
the  ledge. 

Bai/timoke.  —  The  machinery  of  the 
Uncle  Sam  hoisting  works,  purchased  by 
the  Baltimore  Co.,  is  being  removed  to  the 
now  shaft  of  the  Co. 

Yellow  Jacket. — Incline  down  110  ft. 
below  tho  lowest  working  level,  following 
the  slope  of  the  incline.  A  new  station 
will  be  opened  at  the  1,540  ft.  lovel,  when 
it  is  reached.  Daily  yield  of  the  mine, 
50  tons. 

Ckown  Point. — Daily  yield  425  tons, 
from  the  1100  and  1200  ft. 'levels,  milling 
on  the  average  S70  per  ton.  There  is  no 
particular  change  to  noto  in  the  mine.  It 
is  simply  immense,  with  no  limit  to  its 
richness  or  quantity  of  ore  contained. 

Chollah-Potosi. — Daily  yield  150  tons 
from  the  Belvidere,  Blue  Wing  and  other 
old  ore  sections.  Prospecting  in  the  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  mine  vigorously  carried 
on. 

Siebra  Nevada. — Daily  yield  50  tons 
from  the  new  ore  vein  in  the  lower  levels. 
This  vein  is  looking  finely  and  a  raise  is 
being  made  to  facilitate  its  working  higher 
up 

Succor. — Only  enough  ore  is  taken  out 
to  keep  the  Co.'s  mill  running.  The  new 
shaft  is  sunk. 

Con.  Virginia. — Prospecting  vigorously 
at  the  500  ft.  level. 

Globe. — Some  very  good  ore  is  found  in 
the  old  upper  workings,  which  is  being 
shipped  to  mill; 

Gould  &  Curry. — Drifting  north  at  the 
lower  level,  and  sinking  the  incline. 

Caledonia. — Engaged  in  retimbering 
the  shaft. 

WHITE  PINE. 

North  Aurora. — White  Pine  News, April 
20:  The  ore  in  the  Bisdale  chamber  con- 
tinues to  hold  up  in  quantity  and  grade. 
The  ore  body  in  the  South  chamber  is  cut 
through  to  the  hanging  wall,  and  drifts 
are  pushed  ahead  east,  west,  and  south,  for 
the  purpose  of  stoping  out  to  advantage. 
East  Sheboygan. — In  the  ore  chamber 
a  great  part  of  the  ore  is  of  a  high  grade. 
The  ore  in  the  west  cross-cut  has  improved 
since  last  reported.  Work  was  recommen- 
ced on  the  Exchange  drift  this  week. 

Majmoth. — The  ledge  in  shaft  No.  12 
shows  a  width  of  8  f t. ,  pitching  to  the 
northwest  at  an  angle  of  70  deg.  There  is 
a  force  of  5  men  at  work. 

Con.  Silver  Wedge. — Work  was  resum- 
ed since  last  report.  A  drift  was  started 
to  run  from  the  130-ft.  level  east.  There  is 
a  body  of  quartz  2  ft.  thick  in  the  face  of 
the  drift. 

South  Sheboygan. — The  drift  running 
to  cut  the  ledge  is  in  67  ft. 

Noonday. — There  is  250  tons  of  ore  on 
the  dump. 

Ward  Beecher.— Sinking  winze  ivpm 
the  bottom  of  Phillpotts  chamber  to  East 
drift  from  Lady's  chamber. 

Beecher  Cons. — The  mines  and  mills 
will  start  up  about  the  middle  of  next 
month. 

Silver  Wave. — Breastiugout  inBoswell 
shaft.  Hasting  and  piling  ore  on  the 
dump.  Work  in  the  Perkins  shaft  is  going 
ahead  on  contract. 

Ebebhardt.  —  A  force  is  employed 
breasting  out  south  of  the  old  Keystone 
workings. 

Silver  Owl. — Bunning  an  incline  from 
the  limestone  foot-wall,  and  good  indica- 
tions. Also  sinking  a  vertical  shaft  200 
ft.  back  to  cut  the  ledge. 

Trench. — The  tunnel  running  to  cut 
the  ledge  broke  through  the  foot-wall  yes- 
terday, and  found  rich  ore  assaying  from 
$60  to  $1,000  per  ton.  The  width  of  the 
ledge  has  not  yet  been  ascertained. 


Arizona. 

Mines  uro  Mining. — Preaoott  Afiner,  April 
13th:  A  new  working  shaft  has  been  Btarted  on 
tho  Tiger.  The  farnaoee  «t  Wallapai  and  the 
mill  near  Ehreuberg  are  almost  read;  foropaia- 
tion. 

1'i.v.u.  Ifrazs. — San  Diego  Union,  April  18th: 
The  work  of  developing  the  newly  disei  ivexfld 
silv.-r  mines  in  the  Final  mountains  was  ^oing 
on  nicely  until  the  Apaches  made  a  descent  on 
thi-  minors,  stealing  all  their  horses  and  mules. 
The  lowest  of  the  assays  shows  the  poorest  of 
the  ore  to  coutttiu  S  Is  silver,  to  the  ton,  and 
the  other  assays  have  giveu  us  high  as  (10,000 
per  ton. 

Colorado. 

Shipmbntb. — Georgetown  Miter,  April  13th  : 
Bailey  &  Nott  shipped  daring  last  week  fifteen 

t< nis  .  .f  ore. 

Since  our  last  report,  G.  W.  Hall  &  Co.  have 
sent  off  95,000  lbs  of  ore. 

Wm.  lieuu-ut  has  purchased  70tous.  Shipped 
00.  Is  making  up  a  ear  of  high  grade  for  ship- 
ment to  Europe. 

Caribou. — Caribou  Post,  April  20th:  In  the 
Caribou  mine  the  vein-ore  of  rich  salphnrets  is 
1  %  ft.  thick.  Workings  for  March,  on  one  por- 
tion, paid  a  net  profit  equal  to  the  interest,  at 
the  rate  of  six  per  cent,  per  annum,  on  $30,- 
000,000,  provided  tho  whole  mine  had  boon 
developed  and  worked  with  the  same  success 
that  the  part  opened  was  worked  during  the 
past  month. 

The  Caribou  niill  is  working  1G  to  18  tons  of 
ore  each  day.  A  recent  important  addition  to 
to  the  works  is  a  cupel  furnace  for  refining  the 
bullion. 

The  Silver  Point,  Idaho  Hill,  opened  to  the 
depth  of  GO  ft.,  has  a  wide  crevice  filled  with 
rich  ore.  A  sample  lot  assayed,  in  silver,  at 
the  rate  of  $2, GOO  per  ton.  The  owners  have  a 
large  amount  of  ore  on  tho  dump.  The  Seven- 
Thirty  and  many  other  mines  ara  doing  remark- 
ably well. 

The  new  mining  camp  of  Williamsburg  is  5 
miles  north  from  this  place,  and  includes  the 
Washington  mine. 

Cleab  Creek  Co.- — Central  Reporter,  April 
17th;  on  the  Queen  lode  three  claims  are  being 
worked,  that  are  yielding  a  very  fair  grade  of 
ore.  On  the  discovery,  Hall,  Queen  &  Co.  have 
a  shaft  115  ft.  in  depth,  the  ore  in  the  bottom 
averaging  10  inches  in  width.  Tho  first  grade 
ore  is  worth  for  Bmelting  purposes  from  $50  to 
$300  per  ton.  Claim  No.  2  west  is  being 
worked  by  the  Dagenais  Bro».  Their  shaft — 
60  ft.  in  depth — carries  a  vein  of  first-class  ore 
from  4  to  6  inches  in  width.  No.  3  west,  La- 
caille  &  Co.  have  leased.  At  110  ft.  in  depth 
they  are  drifting  east  on  a  fine  vein  of  ore  that 
averages  about  10  inches  iu  width. 

Bennett  &  Co.,  on  the  Kent  Co.  lode,  at  150 
ft.,  have  a  crevice  25  ft.  between  walls,  with  6 
ft.  of  pay-ore  that  runs  a  trifle  ovei-6  ozs.  to  the 
ton. 

Mi-.  Joseph  Harper's  mine  is  on  the  Cali- 
fornia, 425  ft.  in  depth,  looking  excellently 
well,  carrying  a  rich  crevice  of  ore  in  the  shaft, 
and  in  the  drift  running  west  the  crevice  is  four 
ft.  between  walls,  of  rich  milling  and  smelting 
ore. 

Lower  California. 

San  Kafael. — San  Diego  Union,  April  18th : 
Two  new  ledges  have  been  discovered  which 
are  pronounced  superior  in  richness  to  any  yet 
opened. 

Montana. 

Highland. — Deer  Lodge  New  North-West, 
April  13:  Five  men  have  been  at  work  on  the 
Nevins  lode  all  winter.  They  are  down  about 
250  ft.,  and  have  a  well-defined  crevice  4  to  5  ft. 
in  width,  and  very  rich.  The  Nevins  Co.  have 
5  overshot  wheels  and  11  arastras,  and  expect 
to  crush  a  great  deal  of  ore  this  season. 

Upper  Ten-Mile. — Helena  Gazette,  April  15th : 
Peterson  &  Co.  have  had  a  good  force  drifting 
in  the  bar  all  winter,  and  washing  the  dirt  with 
good  results.  They  are  running  two  breasts, 
day  and  night. 

Monitor  Gulch  will  be  extensively  worked 
again  this  season.  Four  hydraulics  were  run 
last  year. 

Working. — Helena  Herald,  April  13 :  At  the 
Silver  Reduction  Works,  Jefferson  Dist.,  a  con- 
tinuous stream  of  bullion  is  flowing  from  the 
furnace,  which  assays  $1,500  to  the  ton. 

Beaetown. — Dear  Lodge  Independent,  April 
20th:  Snider,  Beimer  &  Co.  are  constructing  a 
ditch  from  a  point  half  a  mile  below  town  to  a 
bar  two  miles  below. 

McDonald  &  Clegg  intend  opening  new  mines 
in  Phelan  gxdeh,  half  a  mile  below  the  old  dig- 
gings. 

Oregon. 

Goose  Lake. — Q.  A.  Brooks  informs  the 
Statesman  that  the  placer  mines  lately  discovered 
in  Quartz  Valley,  between  Link  River  and 
Goose  Lake,  are  creating  considerable  excite- 
ment throughout  all  Southern  Oregon, 

Utah. 

Tunnels. — Salt  Lake  Tribune,  April  20 : 
Work  is  being  prosecuted  on  the  Howland  and 
Etna  tunnels,  and  Little  Cottonwood,  with  much 
vigor.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  Co.  to  work 
all  the  hands  that  can  bo  profitably  employed. 
Aa  soon  as  the  snow  melts  a  number  of  shafts 
will  be  sunk  on  the  line  of  the  Howland  tunnel. 

Running. — The  Badger  State  Smelting  Works, 
4  miles  south  of  the  city,  have  turned  out  8  tons 
of  bullion  in  the  last  2  days. 

The  Winnamuck,  or  Daggett  &  Bristol's  Fur- 
nace, at  Bingham  Canon,  is  also  in  successful 
operation. 


Bdbxic.  Cor.  same:  Tho  smelters  are  to  re- 
sume work  soon.  The  Eureka  Co.  are  patting 
up  their  12  stamp  mill  at  Homansville.  Wood- 
manBoe'e  Sunbeam  isshoviu^  2 splendid  veins. 
L.  -I.  Whitney  hiis  pim-husod  more  Suubeani, 
aud  has  commenced  operations  with  flattering 
proBpeotB.  The  8.  L.  M.  Co.  are  tunneling 
Ar^outa  Hill  with  considerable  success. 

Jno.  Bently,  Bop'fc  of  uii  Omaha  Co.,  1ms  ar- 
rived ;m>l  commenced  work  to  tin-  Oo*a  mines, 
all  near  Diamond  City.  The  Saratoga  and 
Mary  Cleveland  aru  showing  up  splendidly. 

The  O.  K.  Co.  will  resume  operations  about 
the  1st  of  May. 

The  Swansea  is  being  vigorously  worked  and 
is  turning  out  and  shipping  more  than  ever. 
The  Mammoth  is  working  10  men  and  can 
hardly  procure  transportation  for  the  tirst-class 
ore.  C.  Crimson  &  Co.  are  tunnelling  for  the 
Mammoth  north  from  Mr.  Mender.  He  expects 
to  strike  the  ledge  in  a  few  days. 

Tho  Eureka  Co.  have  about  10,000  tons  of 
milling  ore  on  their  dumps.  Bobbins  &  Lance 
continue  to  Cake  out  splendid  ore  from  their 
Mono  and  Left  Bower.  They  are  taking  out 
some  fine  ore  from  the  Ked  Bird  lode. 

Mt-Masters,  Mathews,  Foley,  Green,  Brooks 
it  Martin,  Pointer,  Sterling  and  Jackman  & 
Sons,  are  successfully  working  their  claims  at 
and  near  Diamond  City.  Quite  an  extensive 
vein  of  galena  has  recently  been  struck  in  the 
Austin  lode. 

Fresh  discoveries  of  rich  horn  silver  rock 
have  recently  been  made  on  Eureka  Hill,  and 
the  Eureka  Company  have  taken  a  quantity 
of  splendid  silver  ore  from  their  Beck  shaft. 

The  mines  near  Silver  and  Diamond  cities  are 
steadily  looming  up. 

East  Rustic. — Cor.  same :  The  Alice  is  down 
90  ft,  as  a  fine  ore  streak  of  3  ft  0  inches  and  a 
0  ft  8  inches  vein.  The  ore  is  good  and  im- 
proves the  further  it  is  followed.  There  was  at 
least  -10  tons  of  good  ore  on  the  dump.  The 
work  on  this  shaft  is  progressing  rapidly.  The 
Washington  is  another  promising  lead;  it  is 
down  100  ft  and  has  at  least  100  tons  of  ore  on 
the  dump.  Any  assay  made  from  the  promis- 
cuous pile  will  go  $100  to  the  ton.  The  Benton 
is  an  excellent  lead.  The  Morning  Glory  is 
producing  some  splendid  ore  and  has  a  large 
quantity  on  the  dump.  The  Silver  Pride  of 
Diamond  is  doing  well.  Two  shafts  are  down 
100  ft  each.  They  are  drifting  and  getting  out 
some  very  rich  mill  ore.  The  Bowers  is  at 
work  with  every  prospect  of  being  pushed 
ahead.  Drifts  are  to  be  run  and,  if  that  fails,  a 
fiu-ther  depth  will  be  sunk. 

The  Silver  Star  is  a  well  defined  lead,  the 
shaft  is  down  about  75  ft.  It  has  about  3  ft  of 
or*>  which  will  assay  as  high  as  $500  per  ton. 


S.    F.    Stock    and    Exchange    Board. 

Thubsday,  Mat  2. 
Sales  at  the  Stock  Board  were  larger  for  the 
week  ending  Wednesday,  the  24th  ult.,  than  at 
any  previous  week  since  the  Board  was  formed. 
The  sum  total  was  $11,203,000.  The  Raymond 
&  Ely  mine  sent  down  up  to  the  26th  ult.,  $284,- 
854  for  April;$32,000  was  produced  for  the  three 
days  previous  to  the  29th.  The  Mahogany  sent 
down  $5,000  last  week.  The  Board  adjourned 
from  over  Saturday  to  attend  the  funeral  of  N.  E. 
Grimes,  formerly  a  member.  The  Trustees  of 
the  Dauphin  M.  Co.  have  elected  the  following 
officers:  S.  D.  Krieder,  President;  R.  C.  Singer, 
Superintendent;  and  C.  F.  Balcolm,  Secretary 
and  Treasurer.  The  propositions  before  the 
Board  to  secure  a  larger  room,  abolish  street 
sales,  etc.,  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  another 
column. 

The  meeting  called  by  the  Senator  M.  Co., 
for  the  31st  of  May,  is  to  consider  a  proposition 
to  increase  the  capital  stock  from  $600,000  in 
6,000  shares,to$2,400,000,in24,000  shares.  The 
Hartford  M.  Co.  will  hold  a  meeting  on  May 
28th,  with  a  view  of  increasing  their  stock  from 
$280,000  in  400  shares,  to  $3,500,000  in  3,500 
shares.  The  Imperial  propose  onMay  29th,to  in- 
crease their  stock  from  $2,000,000  in  4,000  shares 
to  $4,000,000  in  40,000  shares.  The  Gold  Canon 
Consolidated  Co.  will  take  into  consideration  on 
May  31st  a  proposition  to  increase  their  capital 
from  $700,000  in  3,500  shares,  to  $3,000,000  in 
35,000  shares.  The  Consolidated  Virginia  pro- 
pose on  May  20th  to  increase  their  capital  stock 
to  $7,080,000  in  23,600  shares.  The  Belcher 
Co.  propose  on  May  24th, to  increase  their  stock 
from  $1,040,000  in  10,400  shares,  to  $10,400,- 
000  in  104,000  shares.  The  Hale  &  Norcross, 
on  the  30th  of  May,  propose  increasing  their 
stock  from  $3,200,000  in  16,000  shares,  to  $9,- 
600,000  in  48,000  shares. 

There  was  only  one  session  of  the  Board  last 
Thursday,  when  a  large  business  was  done  at 
advancing  prices,  and  Belcher,  Crown  Point 
and  Hale  &  Norcross  brought  heavier  prices 
than  ever  before.  On  Friday,  Belcher  sold  for 
$1,600,  equal  to  $19,200,000  for  the  whole  mine. 
Monday,  stocks  were  still  advancing.  Tuesday, 
for  the  first  time  in  a  long  time,  the  market  was 
irregular  and  weak,  some  descriptions  falling 
and  some  advancing.  Wednesday,  the  market 
was  decidedly  weak,  and  everything  showed  a 
decline,  varying  in  high  priced  descriptions 
from  $20  to  $80,  and  on  low  priced  kinds  from  $1 
to$15.  To-day,  however,  the  market  recovered 
somewhat  from  Wednesday's  depression,  and 
Crown  Point  sold  at  $1,600  regular,and  $1,700, 
buyer  30,  the  higest  figures  ever  paid. 


Comparative  Prices  —Extremes,  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 
April  2 

Alpha $180 

American  Flag..  — 
IMcher 1525 


IHr/lf  I.   Loictfi,     May 

no 


Kiu'kej'o 8 

PoU.ai . .  320 

ma     127S 

Conn.  Virginia.. .  110 
Crown  Point....  1W0 

Daney..     .   B 

Eun>Ka  Cons....  — 

*■  urt-ka -^ 

Exchequer,., ....  m 
OooJd  A  I'lirry.Mi 
Golden  Chariot..  — 
Hale  A  Norcross  405 

Ida  10  more — 

IMH"  rml 120 

Kontuok 610 

Ham  moth — 

Meadow  ValLoj..  — 

Mahogany — 

Ophlr iw 

OrtsT,  lliil.  Treaa.  — 

Ovt-rman. T.O 

Pioche — 

Raymond  Jb  Ely.  — 

Savage  775 

Sierra  Nevada...  fl"> 
*neoor  10 

Wasli.lC'nMjlB..   — 

fellow  Jaoket...  315 

St.  Patrick — 

Sflg.    Belcher.... 320 


IfiOO 

II 


16^ 
410 

21 
470 


17 
125 
77n 

50 

10 

7« 
315 
20 


150 

l«v. 

14.0  J 

a 

220 


A-lr.  Dfr. 


14(10 
10 

270  — 

127  - 

128  — 

1700  200 


-        125 


16  —  —  — 


-17*  ^ 


102*6 


■     ll'."4 


2H5 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


Alpha  l"'ona 15.5 

Amador 

Beloher 

Uhnlhir-PntoBi., 
Crown  Point... 

Daney 

Eureka  Coiih 

Eureka  16 

Ooldon  Chariot.  15 
Gould  &  Curry.  480 
dale  &  Noreroas    350 


BID.  ASKED  I 


170 


13W 
250 
1500 


Ida  Klinoro 

Imperial 470 

KentuoV  — 

Meadow  Valley,,    hi 

Ophir     110 

Orifj.  Hid.  Treaa     1M 

Overman 170 

Savage .MiO 

Raymond  A  Ely.  115 
Sierra  Nevada.. .  40 
Yellow  Jacket...  2fi0 


AKKKP. 

20 

505 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  tho  Scien- 
tific Phess  and  other  8un  Francisco  journals. J 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AM>  DAT  DAY 

DATE  OF  ASSESSMENT.  DELINQUENT.      OP  BALE. 

Alleghany  Consolidated, Gal.  Ap.  20,  25c.Juue  3-Juue  24* 
Balto.M.Co.,StoreKCo.,Nev.,Ap'130,$l..June.'5-Juiie28 
Buckeye  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  Mar.  23.S1.25. ...April  26— May  is 
Cons.Virginia  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  Mar.  1!),  $3.Apr.  24 — May  18 
Daney  M.  Co.,  Lyon  Co.,  April  3,  $1.50. .  .May  9— May  27 

Francis  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  G.  $1 May  14— Juuo  4* 

Gen.  Lee  S.M.Co.,W.  Pine,  Ap'l  27.10e.  .June  11— July 2 
Golden  Chariot,  Idaho  T. ,  April  12,  $1.50 .  May  22- June  18 
Grand  Duke  M.  Co.,  U.  T.,  Mar.  5,  25c.  .April  15— May  15 
Huhn  fe  Hunt  S.M.Co.,Nev.,Mar.20,  25c.  .Apr.29-  -May  27 

Ida  Elmore,  Idaho,  March  G.  $3 April  11— May  10 

Tncomor  S.  M.  Co.,  Ely,  April  2,  26c May  8— May  31* 

Impeiiatrice Eugenie,  Cal.,  April  26,  25c.  June 2— Juno  17 

JacksonM.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  3,  25c May  6— May  25 

Julia  (W.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  $5. May  25— June  15 

Kincaid  Flat,  W.  P.,  April  23,  S3 May  27— June  17* 

Knickerbocker,  M.  Co  .Nov.,  Mar.  23,  50o..Xpr.27 — May  17 
Lemon  M.  and  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Apr  1,  $l.May  7-Jnne  12 
Louise  M.  Co.,  Nevada,  April  6, 10c. ..  .May  14  -June  10 
Lyons  &  Wheeler  Co.,  A.T.,  April  6, 10c.  May  16- June  3* 
Magnolia  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  25c. May  25 — June  20 
Mahogany  M.  Co.,  I.  T.,  April  3,  $1.50.  .  .May  11— June  3 

Marcelina  S.  M.  Co.  Mar.  8.  10c April  15— May  7* 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Apr.  3,  30c.  May6 — May  22* 
Nevada  L.  &  M  Co.,  Nov.,  March  28,  4c. May 2,  May  24* 
Nnestra  Senora  de  Guadalupe,  May  12,  $2.Ap  15 — May  8* 
Ophir  S.  &  G.  M.  Co.  Cal.  Mar.  18.  20c.  April  20— May  7 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  17,  $5 May  22— June  13 

Overman  S.  M.  Co,  Gold  Hill,  Mar.  18,  $4.Apr.l3— May  13 

Page  fePanaca,  Nev.  April  12,50c May  20— June  15 

Peter  Walter  M.  Co. Placer  Co.  Mar.  II,  Sl.Apr.18— May  6 

Phcenix  S.  M.,  Nev.,  Mar.  19,  75c April  24^ — May  15 

PiermontM.  &  M.  Co.,  April  16,  40c  .  .May  20— June  10* 
Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Feb.  25,  $5. .April  6— May  6* 
Rising  Star  S.  M.  Co.,  Idaho,  Ap'l  27,  SI.  .June  1— June  29 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  $l,Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Siempre  Viva  Co.,  Mex.,  Mar.  25,  30c May  2— May  20* 

S.  Gold  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev..  Apr  1,  $2.50..  May  fi— May  27 
S.  F.  M.  Co.,  Utah  Ter.,  April  13,  25c  .  .May  16— June8* 
Silver  Sprout  M.  Co.,  Cal., April  29,  50c  June  1—  Tune  22* 
Silver  Wave,  W.  P.,  Nev.  Apr.  10,  60c. May  14— June  18* 
Spring  Mt.  Tunnel  Co. .April  11, 15c  .  .May  20— June  10* 
Succor M.  &  M.  Co., Nev..  Mar.  20,  $2.. April  23— May  15 

Sumner,  Kern  Co.,  April  11.  $10 May  22 — June  21 

TallulahM.  Co.,  Nov.,  April  5,  $1.50 May  7— June  4 

Tecumseh  G.S  &C.M.Co.Cal.Mar.201$3.Apr.23— Mayl4* 
Tecumseh  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  24,  $5. . .  May  29— Juno  17* 
Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  11,  $1 May  13— Juno  3* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Adams  Hill  Con .  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Belcher  S.  M  Co Special  Meeting,  May  24 

Best  &  Belcher  M.  Co Meeting  May  13 

Cayuga  Chief Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Central  Coal  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Consolidated  Virginia ...  .Special  Meeting,  May  20 

Cotopaxi  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Empire  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Eureka  M.  Co Annual  Meeting  May  7 

Golden  Age  &  Empire  M.  Co — Annual  Meeting,  May  27 

Gold  Canon  Cons.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  May  31 

Hale  &  Norcross Special  Meeting,  May  30 

Hartford  G.  &  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting.  May  28 

Imperials.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  June  3 

Independent  G.  M.  Co Meeting  May  8 

Independence Annual  Meeting,  May  fi 

Lyons  &  Wheeler  M.  Co Annual  meeting,  May  13 

Mina  Rica  M.  Co Annual  meeting.  May  8 

Nevada  Land  &  M.  Co Annual  meeting,  may  13 

Oneida  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Orient  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Original  Hidden  Treasure  M  Co Annual  Meet,  May  7 

Peavine  S.  M.  Co - Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Pioche  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  fi 

Servator  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting.  May  31 

Sierra  Butte  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  6 

Silver  Sprout  M.  CoSpecial  Mooting ' June  3* 

Spring  Mountain  Tunnel  Co Annual  Meeting  May  9 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher,  $20 Payable  April  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  SI Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point,  $25 Payable  April  12 

Eastport,  Cooso  Bay,  CoalM.  Co.l  perct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  SI  .50 Payable  April  13 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  March  8 

Raymond  &  ElyM.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50c Payable  April  10 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


A  NEW  BOOK  ON  MINING. 
The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration.  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  640  Pages  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  coin) ;  in  leather,  $12.  Forwarded  by  mail,  in 
cloth,  $11.40,  currency;  in  leather,  $13.75.  Issued  and 
for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish 
ers  Scientific  Press,  S,  F. 


278 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


LMay  4,  1872. 


Illinois  Industrial  University. 

We  present  in  this  number  a  out  of  the 
principal  building  of  the  above  institution. 
This  University,  located  atUrbana,  Cham- 
paign County,  Illinois,  wasfounded  under 
a  law  of  Congress,  and  is  under  the  con- 
trol and  patronage  of  the  State.  It  has 
quite  a  liberal  endowment,  and  is  econom- 
ically developed  to  the  full  capacity  of  its 
current  income;  besides,_  the  State  has 
nided  it  by  appropriations,  and  the  county 
in  which  it  is  located,  by  donations.  It 
was  opened  for  the  admission  of  students 
four  years  ago.  There  were  seventy-seven 
students  the  first  term,  and  the  number 
has  steadily  increased,  until  in  the  present 
year  three  hundred  and  seventy-five  stu- 
dents are  in  attendance.  Women  were  ad- 
mitted to  the  University  in  the  autumn  of 
1870,  and  there  have  been  during  this  year 
some  forty-three  in  attendanoe. 

The  University  is  divided  into  five  Col- 
leges, each  of  which  comprises  one  or  more 
Schools. 

College  of  Agriculture. 
This  contains  the  School  of  Agriculture 
and  the  School  of  Horticulture.  This  Col- 
lege aims  to  carry  out  one  of  the  leading 
ideas  of  the  law  of  endowment,  to  teach  all 
the  studies  relating  to  these  arts.  There 
are  600  acres  of  fine  farming  land  under 
this  department,  well  stocked,  and  in  a 
line  condition  to  practically  illustrate  all 
the  truths  learned  in  the  class  room.  This 
College  deservedly  takes  first  rank  in  the 
University,  both  for  its  importance  and 
completeness  of  work. 

College  of  Engineering. 
This  comprises  Schools  of  Mechanical 
Engineering,  of  Civil  Engineering,  of 
Mining  Engineering,  and  of  Architectural 
Engineering.  The  School  of  Mechanical 
Engineeringtakesthe  lead  in  this  College. 
The  instruction,  while  severely  scientific, 
is  also  severely  practical,  and  aims  at  a 
thorough  understanding  and  mastery  of 
all  the  mechanical  principles  and  devices. 
Shop  practice  is  required  as  a  regular 
study  of  the  course  ;  and  for  this  purpose 
a  building  128  feet  long  and  80  feet  wide, 
has  been  erected  and  furnished  with  a  full 
set  of  the  best  machinery.  Over  $30,000 
has  been  carefully  expended  to  develop 
the  practical  side  of  this  school,  and  the 
University  is  prepared  to  give,  and  proba- 
bly does  give  at  present,  better  instruction 
in  Mechanical  Engineering  than  any  other 
University  in  this  country. 

Although  the  School  of  Mechanical  En- 
gineering oocupies  the  first  place  in  this 
College,  the  other  Schools  are  by  no  means 
neglected,  but  are  at  once  thoroughly 
practical  and  scientific 

College   of  Chemistry. 
This  College  aims  to  fit  men  for  all  call- 
ings where  this  science  is  needed  :  Chem- 
ists,   Pharmaceutists    and    Metallurgists; 
also  in  its  application  to  the  arts  of  elec- 
trotyping,  photography,  etc     The  College 
has  a  laboratory  well  fitted  up,  and  about 
$8,000  worth  of  apparatus  and  furniture. 
College  of  Natural  History. 
The  aim  of  this  department  is  to  fit  per- 
sons for  Practical   Geologists,   Collectors 
and  Curators  of   Cabinets   and   Museums, 
and  for  superintending  scientific  explora- 
tions and  surveys. 

College  of  Literature,  Science  and  Art. 
This  College  embraces  Schools  in  the 
different  Languages,  in  Commerce,  and  in 
Military  Science.  The  course  in  this  Col- 
lege is  quite  similar  to  the  classical  course 
in  any  full  college. 

Features  of  the  University. 
The  University  asks  no  fee  for  tuition, 
the  only  payments  required  after  matricu- 
lation are  the  incidental  fees  of  $2.50  each 
term. 

The  law  establishing  the  institution  re- 
quires that  all  male  students  shall  have 
military  drill ;  and  to  aid  in  this,  a  fine 
drill  hall  was  built  having  a  clear  floor  GO 
by  125  feet.     This  room   is   large   enough 


to  permit  two  companies  to  maneuver  in 
conjunction.  The  qualifications  required 
for  admission  are:  first,  a  good  under- 
standing of  all  the  branches  of  learning 
taught  in  the  common  schools.  Students 
possessing  the  qualifications  required  are 
admitted  from  any  State  or  country;  and 
perfect  liberty  in  the  choice  of  studies  is 
permitted  unless  it  seriously  interferes 
with  the  general  good. 

One  admirable  feature  of  this  institu- 
tion is  that,  in  all  matters  of  order  and 
decency,  the  students  govern  themselves, 
having  a  thoroughly  organized  and  suc- 
cessfully working  government  for  that 
purpose. 

Among  the  features  of  the  University 
that  are  mostattractive  to  the  visitor,  and 
of  great  value  to  the  student,  are  a  library 
of  nearly  8,000  volumes,  open  from  7  A.  M. 
to  9  p.  M.  every  school  day;  a  museum 
of  Natural  History,  and  one  of  meohanics; 
a  large  green  house  well  stocked  with 
choice  plants;  and  the  large  ornamental 
grounds  rapidly  growing  into  great 
beauty. 

The  cut  given  is  of  a  new  building  not 
yet  finished  but  to  be  ready  for  use  at  the 
opening  of  the  next  University  year  in 
September.  This  fine  building  has  a 
front  of  214  feet  and  two  wings,  one  at 
each  end,  of   120  feet  in  length  by  60  in 


The  Hyde  Steam  Plow. 

We  had  well  nigh  lost  sight  of  this  invention, 
since  the  results  of  its  operations  in  the  tule 
lands  in  Sutter  County,  last  fall,  until  we  were 
once  more  reminded  of  its  existence  by  a  no- 
tice in  the  Sacramento  Union  detailing  the  re- 
sult of  another  successful  trial,  a  few  days  since 
at  Odbert's  ranch,  near  Brighton,  where  some 
sixteen  acres  were  most  thoroughly  plowed — 
broken  up  and  pulverized.  We  have  since  been 
informed  that  after  the  first  rains,  last  fall,  the 
plow  was  taken  to  Sacramento,  and  two  wheels 
put  on  as  steering  wheels,  instead  of  one,  and 
the  driving  wheels  each  made  30  inches  wide, 
instead  of  15  inches,  as  they  formerly  were.  It 
was  found  that  the  machine  sunk  too  deep  in  the 
ground;  hence  the  necessity  of  these  improve- 
ments. The  main  principles  of  the  plowing 
arrangement  have  been  found  to  becorrect  both 
in  tule  ground  and  in  the  hard  brick  clay 
ground,  in  both  of  which  it  has  operated,  turn- 
ing up  the  soil  into  a  light  body,  that  the  foot 
sinks  into  as  on  a  sponge. 

The  operation  is  entirely  different  from  ordi- 
nary plowing,  which  leaves  the  land  in  a  long 
fuiTow.  The  Hyde  steam  plow  leaves  it  in 
short  spiral  furrows,  angular  to  the  line  of 
movement — the  same  as  putting  a  spade  into 
the  ground  and  turning  it  up  half  over  as  it  is 
taken  out,  cultivating  and  lightening  up  the 
ground  most  thoroughly.  We  are  informed 
that  the  Hyde  plow,  when  compared  with  the 
published  results  of  steam  culture  in  England, 
does  its  work  with  less  expenditure   of  steam 


ILLINOIS     INDUSTRIAL     UNIVERSITY. 


width.  All  the  rooms  are  public,  none 
being  used  for  dormitory  purposes.  The 
cost  of  the  building  is  $150,000. 

The  building  now  occupied  is  of  five 
stories  124  by  40  feet  with  wing  70  by  45 
feet.  This  will  be  given  up  to  dormitory 
and  boarding  uses  on  the  completion  of 
the  new  building. 

All  communications  addressed  to  the 
Illinois  Industrial  University,  Urbana, 
Illinois,  will  receive  prompt  attention. 

Social  Peculiarities  op  Alaska. — 
Alaska  has  social  wonders  as  well  as  other 
phenomena,  which  are  not  as  those  of 
other  lands.  A  gentleman  who  has  recently 
returned  from  Sitka,  says  that  the  week 
before  he  left  he  witnessed  a  carnival  such 
as  could  not  be  seen  in  any  other  part  of 
the  United  States.  The  entire  population 
marched  in  procession  on  the  opening  day, 
and  during  the  remainder  of  the  week  no 
person  appeared  on  the  street  unmasked. 
In  every  house  jollity  and  good  cheer  pre- 
vailed, and  Russian  and  Siwash,  American 
and  Teuton,  indulged  in  masked  balls  each 
evening.  This  week  is  kept  as  a  carnival 
week  each  year  by  the  Russians,  and  they 
indulge  in  amusments  to  their  heart's  con- 
tent. Notwithstanding  the  excitement, 
there  were  no  quarrels  or  disorderly  con- 
duct apparent. 

Extensive  beds  of  peat,  said  to  be  fully 
equal  in  quality  to  the  best  Eastern  ar- 
ticle, have  been  discovered  in  the  low- 
lands lying  along  the  line  of  the  Los  An- 
geles and  San  Pedro  Bailroad,  commenc- 
ing at  a  point  about  ten  miles  below  Los 
Angeles,  and  extending  to  the  sea-shore. 
Pits  have  been  sunk  in  different  places 
along  the  line  of  the  railroad,  and  the  de- 
posit found  to  improve  in  quality  with 
depth.  The  first  delivery  of  peat  in  this 
country  was  made  on  the  Los  Bolas  ranch, 
near  Anaheim,  a  few  weeks  ago. 

Artesian  well-borers  have  been  unusu- 
ally successful  in  this  vicinity  since  the 
earthquake. 


and  fuel.  Though  the  successful  accomplish- 
ment of  this  hard,  solid  fact  has  cost  the  Messrs 
Hyde  a  considerable  sum  of  money,  yet  the  im- 
portance of  it  to  this  country,  and  in  fact 
to  all  prairie  country,  is  so  great  that  we 
think  they  cannot  fail  to  be  amply  re- 
munerated for  this  large  outlay.  We  think 
our  large  land  holders  will  do  well  to  give 
the  undertaking  their  careful  consideration. 
Capitalists  frequently  hold  back  from  encour- 
aging new  inventions,  on  the  ground  that  they 
are  visionary.  That  objection  can  now  hardly 
be  urged  against  this,  as  repeated  trials  and  pro- 
gressive improvements  seem  to  have  pretty 
fully  demonstrated  the  practicability  of  this 
machine. 

The  original  cost  of  the  two  systems  give 
Hyde's  a  considerable  percentage  of  advantage 
over  "the  rope  traction  system"  in  use  in 
England,  to  say  nothing  of  the  more  rapid  exe- 
cution of  the  work,  or  the  decidedly  superior 
pulverization  effected  by  the  former.  The  in- 
troduction of  a  successful  steam  plow  would  be 
one  of  the  greatest  benefits  which  could  be  be- 
stowed upon  California  at  this  time,  and  we 
sincerely  trust  that  Mr.  Hyde  may  be  able  to 
accomplish  so  desirable  an  object. 


New  Publications. 

Fire-Side  Science.— A  series  of  Popular  Scientific  Es- 
says upon  subjects  connected  with  every-day  lite.  By 
James  B.  Nichols,  A.  M.,  H.D.,  Author  of  "Chemistry 
of  the  Farm  and  Sea,"  and  Editor  of  the  Boston 
Journal  of  Chemistry.  New  York:  Hurd  &  Houghton. 
Cambridge:  Riverside  Press. 

We  have  received  a  copy  of  the  above  work 
from  Bancroft  &  Co.  The  essays  contained  in 
this  little  volume  relate  to  the  science  of  home 
fife,  and  the  every-day  affairs  of  individuals 
and  families.  The  author,  as  editor  of  the 
Boston  Journal  of  Chemistry,  is  one  of  the  most 
successful  and  instructive  writers  on  popular 
science  in  the  country.  He  has  a  most  happy 
manner  of  treating  ordinarily  dry  subjects  in  a 
way  to  interest  or  instruct  either  the  fireside 
group  or  those  who  labor  in  the  field  or  shop. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  encouraging  signs  of  the 
times  that  there  is  a  growing  demand  and  taste 
for  really  valuable  and  instructive  reading,  and 
he  who  can  render  science  attractive  to  the 
busy  working  men  and  women  of  our  country 
is  better  than  he  who  taketh^a  city.  The  de- 
mand of  the  day  is  that  science  should  be 
brought  down  to  the  comprehension  of  the 
^popular  mind,  and  made  to  minister  to  the 
needs  and  pleasures  of  the  people.  To  do  this 
it  must  be  divorced  from  the  tramels  of  tech- 
nology, and  made  plain  and  attractive  to  the 
common  mind.  There  is  no  difficulty  in  doing 
this;  and  he  who  most  successfully  leads  in  this 
new  path  of  literature  is  engaged  in  a  noble 
and  most  important  work  for  the  elevation  of 
the  masses.  Fire-Side  Science  should  hud  a 
place  in  every  home  in  the  land. 

POCKET-BOOK  OF  MECHANICS  AND  ENGINEERING,  Contain- 
ing memoranda  of  facts  and  connection  of  practice 
and  theory;  by  John  W.  Nystrom,  C.  E.;  eleventh  edi- 
tion. Revised  and  greatly  improved  with  original  mat- 
ter.   J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  Philadelphia. 

This  work  is  the  result  of^study  and  practice 
accumulated  during  the  author's  professional 
career,  and  will  be  found  extremely  useful  and 
convenient  for  engineers  in  the  field.  The 
former  editions  are  familiar  to  many,  who  fully 
appreciate  its  value.  The  sources  from  which 
the  information  has  been  derived  are  consider- 
ed to  be  the  highest  and  best  on  the  various 
subjects  discussed.  Dalton  on  ah-  and  heat. 
Regnault  on  steam.  Kopp  on  the  expansion 
of  water.  Morin  on  friction  and  strength  of 
materials,  and  various  others  of  equal  authori- 
ty. The  pocket-book  of  an  engineer  becomes, 
after  a  time,  like  an  old  friend,  always  ready 
when  wanted;  but  to  keep  up  with  the  advance 
of  the  times  new  works  are  required,  or  new 
editions  of  old  ones  already  proven  true;  and 
in  the  latter  case  it  is  convenient  to  have  the 
one  we  have  been  accustomed  to,  as  we  can 
more  readily  refer  to  any  particular  subject. 
A  large  amount "  of  original  matter  has  been 
introduced  in  this  edition.  The  work  may  be 
procured  of  A.  Runan  &  Co.,  No.  11  Montgom- 
ery street,  in  this  city. 


Mineral  Peoduct  op  Gebmany  in  1870. — 
The  total  production  of  coal  in  Germany  in  1870 
was  23,000,000  tons,  raised  by  107,682  work- 
men, and  representing  a  value  of  £6,900,000, 
at  the  pit's  mouth.  Of  this  quantity  5,850,000 
tons  were  raised  in  Ihpper  Silesia,  1,570,000  in 
Lower  Silesia,  11, 760,0(>0in  Westphalia,  890,000 
tons  in  the  Aachen  district,  and  2,780,000  in 
the  Saar  district.  The  production  of  lignite 
and  brown  coul  was  6,110,000  tons,  of  a  value 
of  £866,000,  principally  from  Prussia  and 
Saxony;  iron  ore  and  ironstone,  2,660,000  tons; 
zinc  ore,  368,000  tons;  lead  ore,  98,850;  man- 
ganese ore,  11,200;  iron  pyrites,  73,800;  phos- 
phorite, 25,000;  rock  salt,  2,000,000  tons.  The 
production  was  raised  at  2, 432  works  by  181,770 
workmen. 


Books  introduce  us  into  the  best  society;  they 
bring  us  into  the  presence  of  the  greatest  minds 
that  ever  lived. 


The  Richest  of  all  Gold   Fields. 

It  has  only  recently  been  discovered 
what  almost  inexhaustible  mineral  wealth 
the  soil  of  Eastern  Siberia  conceals,  and 
that  in  the  district  of  the  River  Amoor, 
Eussia,  possesses  a  gold-field  which  ex- 
plorers of  those  parts  are  inclined  to  con- 
sider the  riohest  in  the  world. 

Gold-washing  and  gold-digging  are  go- 
ing in  the  tributaries  of  the  Busso-Chinese 
frontier  streams  and  their  valleys,  and 
repay  the  persons  employed  in  it  so  abun- 
dantly that  laborers  earn  50  to  150 
roubles  in  silver  per  day,  and  companies 
ofdiggers  on  the  Oukalouta  find,  as  a  rule, 
from  seven  to  eight.but  in  some  cases  much 
as  seventy  and  even  one  hundred  pounds 
of   gold  per  day. 

The  river  Sega  is  still  more  productive, 
and  has  yielded  to  one  company  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy  pounds  per  day.  These 
two  rivers  are  the  richest  but  by  no 
means  the  only  gold-producing  tributaries 
of  the  Amoor.  Geologists  have  found 
that  the  Tablona  from  which  the 
river  Sega  springs,  contains  various 
kinds  of  mineral  treasures— gold,  silver, 
and  more  especially  great  masses  of  iron, 
which  promise  in  time  to  secure  to  Eussia 
an  extensive  remunerative  iron  manufac- 
ture. To  make  these  treasures  available 
for  Western  industry,  a  company  has  been 
started  at  St.  Petersburg,  working  partly 
with  English  capitalists,  to  navigate  the 
Amoor  with  the  river  steamer  service. 
The  enterprise  is  not,  however,  to  be  con- 
fined to  this  one  subject,  for  the  company 
hope  in  course  of  time  to  open  a  profita- 
ble trade  with  China  and  Japan,  and  ex- 
pect later  on  to  command  the  trade  with 
the  Western  coast  of  North  America. — 
Col.  Miner. 


The  Goodyear  hard  rubber  patent  ex- 
pires May  6,  1872.  The  Goodyear  soft 
rubber  patent  expired  sometime  ago. 


May  4,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


279 


UsEfdL     l(JpOf^pl\JION. 


Another  Scientist  on  Spiritualism. 

Xhe  celebrated  London  lawyer,  Ed.  W.  Cox, 
who  was  a  witness  with  I»r  Crookes,  <»f  the 
so-eaUed  spiritual  manifestations,  to  which  al- 
losion  witK  made,  with  illustrations,  in  the 
1  tew  months  dnoe,  has  lately  published 
n  pamphlet,  in  which  he  says  he  has  become 
fully  satisfied  that  intelligent  anises  or  rappinga 
tally  produced  in  what  are  oaHed  * 'spirit- 
ual manUestations,"  and  that  nhaira,  tables  and 
other  objects  are  undoubtedly  moved,  uud  that 
the  proofs  <-f  the  reality  of  I :  astrations 

are  jost  as  absolnto  as  are  the  proofs  of  any 
other  class  of  facts  In  nature. 

The  force  by  which  these  demonstrations  are 
made,  he  calls  "psychic  force,"  as  also  denom- 
inated by  Prof .  CrooVee.  Mr.  C<_\  thinks  the 
faol  indicative  of  tin-  existence  "f  a  Bonl  within 
man,  and  it  is    the  soul   which  he   thinks    may 

exercise  psychic  force  beyond  tho  body.  He 
rejects* the  idea  that  tho  manifestations  are 
prodnced  by  th<  ogenoj  of  disembodied  spirits; 
and  holds  that  they  are  purely  and  wholly  the 
result  <>f  forces  residing  in  tho  human  organ- 
ism. The  medium  is  never  ablo  to  communi- 
cate anything  that  is  not  already  known  to 
person  present. 

This  psychic  forcu,  Mr.  Cox  thinks,  operates 
by  a  vibratory  or  wave-like  action,  aud  is  op- 
po  1  1  to  and  capable  of  overcoming  tho  attrac- 
tion of  gravitation.  Tables  and  other  objects 
that  are  moved  are  hist  filled,  so  to  speak,  with 
the  psychic  emanation,  which  rentiers  them 
buoyant  in  the  air,  when  they  float,  swing  and 
sway  about  as  if  supported  by  an  invisible 
balloon. 

One  of  the  explanations  of  these  phenomena, 
and  upon  which  Mr.  Cox  lays  much  stress,  is 
mscUms  cerebral  action  of  the  mind  of  tfw 
medium,  which  action  is  manifested  through 
the  psychic  force.  Tho  Scientific  American  in 
reply  to  this  latter  explanation  says:  "Now  as 
this  unconscious  cerebral  action  can  be  induced 
ami  made  to  set  men's  bodies  in  motion,  with- 
out his  knowing  it,  it  becomes  a  question 
whether  Mr.  Cox  himself  and  his  'friends  did 
not  have  their  cerebrums  unconceiously  excited 
so  that  they  could  hear  noises  and  see  sights 
that  in  reality  never  took  place;  or  so  that  they 
could  not  see  the  person  who  pushed  the  piano, 
lifted  the  table,  or  forced  down  the  balance. 


Lubricators. 

In  selecting,  preparing,  and  applying  lubri- 
cators, it  is  necessary  to  use  the  utmost  care, 
and  see  that  the  lubricator  employed  is  properly 
adapted  hi  the   puTpoBesforwhich.it  is  to  be 

t  which  is  the  very  best  lubrica- 
tor f<T  some  purposes  may  prove  to  be  worth- 
less for  others.     Thus  the    v.ry    expensive  and 

exceedingly  delicate  oil  used  by  the  watch- 
maker would  bu  of  comparatively  little  value,  if 
applied  to  heavy  machinery,  and  we  need  hardly 
suggest  that  (he  converse  is  equally  true.  The 
conditions  which  chiefly  demand  our  attention 
in  connection,  are — 1.  Tho  nature  of  the 
surface  to  be  lubricated;  3.  The  pressure  em- 
ployed; 3  The  temperature  to  which  the  ma- 
chinery is  to  be  exposed,  and  -1.  The  method 
of  applying  the  lubricating  material. 

Close-grained,  hard  surfaces,  with  a  line  fin- 
ish, require  a  finer  lubricator  than  the  surfaces 
of  the  opposite  kind.  Tu  steel  spindles  \\  ith 
finely  polished  foot-bearings,  working  in  hard 
o  <ih  steps,  the  finest  oil  answers  admira- 
bly. Cast  iron  of  good  quality  will  bear  a 
coarser  oil.  while,  if  very  open,  it  may  require 
a  soap.  The  same  is  true  of  wood,  whether 
used  endwise  or  longitudinally.  For  wooden 
bearings  the  finest  oil  is  not  nearly  as  good  as 
coarser  oil  or  tallow,  while  it  is  very  much  more 
expensive.  This  cirrumstauco  is,  however, 
greatly  influenced  by  the  amount  of  pressure  to 
which  the  surfaces  are  exposed.  Even  steel 
bearings,  exposed  to  great  pressure,  demand  a 
harder  lubricant  than  where  the  pressure  is 
light;  and  where  the  surfaces  are  very  soft,  and 
tho  pressure  very  great,  the  only  lubricant  that 
can  be  relied  upon  is  plumbago.  Ordinary  ma- 
chines pay  very  little  attention  to  the  relation 
that  should  subsist  between  the  lubricating  ma- 
terial employed  and  tho  temperature  at  which 
it  is  used.  In  Europe  this  subject  has  received 
the  most  careful  thought,  and  those  who  will 
take  the  trouble  to  consult  the  English  engi- 
neering pocket-books,  will  find  the  most  explicit 
directions  as  to  temperature,  given  in  connec- 
tion with  the  receipts  for  preparing  lubricators". 
The  necessity  of  this  becomes  obvious  when  we 
reflect  that  temperature  regulates  in  a  large 
measure  the  hardness  or  softness  of  oleaginous 
lubricators;  and  this  hardness  should  always  be 
carefully  adjusted  to  the  conditions  in  which 
they  are  to  be  used. — Handicraft. 


QoOD    rJE^LjH. 


The  Wonders  of  CHE>nsTRY. — Chemistry  in- 
sists that  charcoal  and  the  diamond  are  one; 
that  ottar  of  rose  and  burning  gas  count  the 
same  atoms  in  their  constitutions;  and  that  the 
ruby  is  but  iron  and  clay.  In  what  subtle  com- 
bination lies  tho  difference  between  the  twins, 
why  C4  H4  should  be  a  stench  in  the  one  and  a 
sweetness  in  the  other,  or  priceless  here  and 
common  there,  star-eyed  Science  has  not  yet 
explained. 

And,  after  all,  it  is  no  more  mysterious  than 
that  "the  limb,  the  thews,  the  statute,  bulk 
and  big  assemblanco  of  a  man."  should  make 
up  indifferently  a  coward  or  a  hero;  here  Nero 
and  there  Paul;  here  Newton  and  there  Hodge; 
here  Attilla  and  there  Howard. 

What  spiritual  chemistry  will  ever  classify 
tho  differences  between  men  in  personal  power? 
Faraday  and  Agassiz  come  up  from  the  ranks 
with  little  help  but  that  of  their  own  wits. 
Humboldt's  only  son,  heir  of  wealth  and  ge- 
nius, spends  most  of  his  life  in  bed  being  too 
lazy  to  get  up.  Napoleon  the  First  made  an 
army,  and  then  spun  it  like  a  top  whither  he 
would.  Napoleon  the  last  crumbled  an  army 
jnto  a  scattering  mob,  and  ran  away  from  it. 


Terra  Cotta. — The  architects  have  held  a 
convention  in  Boston,  and  among  other  papers 
read  by  the  'members,  one  on  the  use  of  terra 
cotta  in  building  is  especially  deserving  of  no- 
tice. This  material  is  burned  clay,  mixed  with 
pulverized  glass,  earthenware,  or  fossil  bones. 
It  was  used  by  the  Egyptians,  and  afterwards 
by  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  and  later  still  by 
the  architects  of  the  Middle  Ages.  The  Nine- 
vah  statues  and  tables  of  terra  cotta,  with  writ- 
ten engravings,  remain  as  sharp  and  clear  as 
ever.  Lately  the  composition  has  come  into 
general  use  for  fine  buildings  in  Lodon.  A 
solid  block,  one  foot  square,  will  sustain  a 
weight  of  eight  hundred  and  eighty-five  tons 
without  cracking,  aud  its  cost  is  less  than  that 
of  stone.  Some  thought  terra  cotta  lacked  cer- 
tain qualities  necessary  for  trustworthy  work. 
It  did  not  shrink  evenly  in  baking,  a  great  deal 
of  time  was  required  for  its  preparation,  and 
the  blocks  were  necessarily  too  small. 


Letter  Writing. — In  Russia,  the  number  of 
letters  sent  in  a  year  is  not  quite  three  to  100 
inhabitants,  while  in  England  the  average  is 
twenty  to  each  person.  In  the  United  States, 
the  letters  average  seven  to  each  inhabitant — 
a  trifle  over  one-third  as  many  as  in  Great 
Britain.  This  is  owing  to  our  vicious  and  bur- 
densome postal  system,  and  not  to  the  lack  of 
intelligence  of  our  people,  as  might  be  argued. 
A  good  system,  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the 
country,  would  soon  make  the  number  of  let- 
ters greater  than  in  England,  as  we  have  more 
people^who  can  read  and  write.  The  whole  of 
Europe  averages  between  five  and  six  letters  to 
each  person,  both  Prussia  and  France  averag- 
ing more  than  the  United  States,  and  even 
Spain  half  as  many. 

Patent  Fuel. — "  Take  three  parts  of  the  best 
Newcastle  coal,  beaten  small,  one  part  of  loame, 
mix  these  well  together  into  a  masse  with  water, 
make  thereof  balls,  which  you  must  dry  very 
well.  This  fire  is  durable,  sweet,  not  offensive 
by  reason  of  the  smoke  or  cinder  as  other  coal 
fires  are,  beautiful  in  shape,  and  not  so  costly  as 
other  fire,  burns  as  well  in  a  chamber  even  as 
charcoal."  The  foregoing  extract,  taken  from 
a  fragment  of  an  old  book  supposed  to  have 
been  printed  about  the  year  1670  or  1679,  and 
headed,  "An  Excellent  Invention  to  Make  a 
Fire, ' '  contains  probably  the  earliest  reference 
on  record  to  the  manufacture  of  what  is  now 
commonly  known  as  patent  artificial  fuel. 

Too  Much  Legislation. — There  is  a  law  in 
Massachusetts,  providing  for  the  inspection  of 
fish,  in  which  all  packages  of  fish  are  restricted 
to  a  weight  of  200  pounds.  A  capitalist  of 
Boston  desired  to  construct  tanks  in  platform 
cars,  and  to  send  them  to  San  Francisco  filled 
with  mackerel,  bringing  them  back  filled  with  sal- 
mon which  are  so  abundant  on  the  western  coast. 
As  the  "packages"  in  this  case,  however,  would 
weigh  two  thousand  pounds,  the  enterprise 
would  be  illegal,  and  it  was  abandoned.  State 
fish  inspectors,  in  the  mean  time,  are  making 
about  $4,000  a  year. 


Needed  Sewing  Machine  Improvement. 

It  is  quite  generally  agreed  among  medical 
nun  that  tho  injury  to  health  from  operating 
sewing  machines,  arises  more  Croon  the  anatom- 
ical position  which  the  operator  IS  i  ■<  impelled 
t<>  assume  than  from  the  mere  labor  «if  propell- 
ing the  machine.  Operators  at  sewing  machines 
are  obliged  to  ait  with  their  backs  entirely  un- 
supported and  tho  knees  elevated,  thus  keeping 
the  spinal  muscles  constantly  stretched,  and  in- 
ducing pain  in  the  back,  which  is  the  most 
constant  effect  of  work  of  this  kind.  This  ir- 
ritation is  reflected  by  sympathy  to  other  parts 
of  the  system,  and  general  debility  ensues. 
The  Scientific  4jnerican  says  ;  "  We  nave  nev- 
er seen  any  satisfactory  reason  why  tin*  tables 
of  Bowing  machines  which  arc  operated  by  foot 
power  should  not  be  brought  up  over  tho  lap. 
so  that  the  operator  might  sit  leaning  slightly 
backward,  with  the  spine  thoroughly  supported 
and  tho  limbs  extended.  We  proposed  this 
once  to  a  leading  manufacturer,  and  were  told 
that  tho  notion  that  women  were  injured  by 
working  on  sowing  machines  had  no  foundation 
in  fact.  We  argued  that  those  who  had  investi- 
gated tho  subject,  though  claiming  that  moder- 
ate exercise  of  this  sort  would  not  injure, 
almost  unanimously  insisted  that  excess  would 
injure,  and  added  that  profitable  employment 
with  such  machines  implied  an  extent  of  labor 
which  these  authorities  claimed  to  be  excessive 
on  machines  as  at  present  constructed.  We 
failed,  however,  to  convince  him  that  any  im- 
provement in  form  was  desirable  or  practicable. 

Notwithstanding  this  discouragement,  we  put 
our  idea  to  the  test  of  actual  trial,  and  found 
that  all  who  had  been  accustomed  to  work  on 
the  old  machine,  who  tried  the  modified  posi- 
tion above  described,  were  unanimous  in  testi- 
fying to  the  superior  comfort  and  ease  secured 
by  it.  There  may  be  improvements  made  in 
treadles,  but  these  do  not  reach  the  root  of  the 
evil.  It  is  the  position,  not  the  mere  labor  of 
propelling  the  machine,  that  fatigues  the  ope- 
rator. 

Those  who  tried  our  plan  of  raising  and  bring- 
ing the  table  up  nearer  the  person,  and  placing 
the  treadles  farther  away,  found  no  difficulty  in 
handling  the  work  or  in  keeping  it  properly 
placed  on  the  table,  as  the  manufacturer  above 
alluded  to  seemed  to  apprehend.  The  whole 
body  was  placed  in  an  easy,  unconstrained  po- 
sition, and  so  supported  as  to  rest  rather  than 
fatigue  the  back.  We  look  to  see  some  such 
change  made  in  the  construction  of  sewing  ma- 
chines. They  are  so  valuable  in  many  depart- 
ments of  industry  that  invention  will  not  rest 
till  their  full  utility  is  developed.  The  value  of 
an  improvement  that  would  enable  an  operator 
to  work  even  one  hour  per  day  longer  than  at 
present,  without  injurious  fatigue,  can  scarcely 
be  over-estimated." 


Curious  Fact. — At  a  recent  sitting  of  the 
French  Academy  of  sciences,  a  curious  commu- 
nication was  received  from  M.  Zaliwski,  which 
if  it  were  borne  out,  would  be  invaluable  to 
navigation.  He  states  that  if  a  hollow  cylinder 
made  of  thin  material,  open  at  the  top  and 
provided  with  a  sharp-edged  bottom,  be  prop- 
erly ballasted  and  then  put  into  a  tub  or  other 
vessel  filled  with  water,  it  will  soon  move  in  a 
never-varying  direction  from  west  to  east.  The 
round  tin  boxes  in  which  concentrated  milk  is 
preserved  will  do  perfectly  for  the  experiment, 
which  will  become  more  and  more  perceptible 
the  oftener  the  same  cylinder  is  made  to  do' 
duty  in  that  way. — Engineer. 

To  Improve  Gilding. — Mix  a  gill  of  water 
with  two  ounces  of  purified  nitre,  one  ounce  of 
alum,  one  ounce  of  common  salt;  lay  this  over 
gilt  articles  with  a  brush,  and  the  color  will  be 
much  iarproved. 


Weakening  of  Fatal  Maladies. — According 
to  M.  Alphonse  do  Candolle,  when  a  fatal  mal- 
ady has  seriously  affected  the  younger  portion 
of  a  population,  the  succeeding  generation, 
descended  from  persons  who  escaped  the 
disease  or  were  but  little  affected  by  it,  will  be 
found  less  liable  to  its  attack,  as  an  ordinary 
effect  of  tho  law  of  descent,  this  continuing  to 
be  the  ease  from  generation  to  generation. 
This,  therefore,  constitutes  one  cause  of  the 
weakening  of  epidemics,  and  may  serve  to  ex- 
plain the  reason  why  a  disease  is  most  injurious 
when  it  first  attacks  any  people,  and  why  it  be- 
comes subsequently  rarer  or  less  dangerous,  as 
has  frequently  been  observed. 

After  the  lapse  of  several  generations,  how- 
ever, a  population  moderately  affected  by  a 
diseaa  approaches  the  condition  of  one  which 
has  never  had  it,  and  an  increased  intensity 
may  then  ensue.  Applying  those  principles  to 
tho  small  pox,  M.  De  Candolle  suggests  that, 
at  the  epoch  when  -Tenner  introduced  vaccina- 
tion, the  variolic  affection  had  become  onfee- 
b!<  d  in  proportion  to  the  anterior  epochs.  The 
vaccination  was  then  more  efficacious  as  applied 
at  this  particular  period.  Small-pox  having  al- 
most disappeared  from  Europe  for  two  genera- 
tions, a  new  population  has  sprung  up  less  ac- 
customed to  it;  aud  this  cause  of  recrudescence 
tends  now  to  render  vaccination  less  potent. 
The  author  does  not  pretend  that  this  is  the 
only  cause,  but  that,  in  connection  with  others, 
it  exists,  and  in  such  a  manner  as  to  produce 
the  results  specified. 


Symptoms  of  Cataiihh. — Indisposition  to  ex- 
ercise, difficulty  of  thinking  or  reasoning,  or 
concentrating  the  mind  upon  any  subject, 
lassitude,  lack  of  ambition  or  energy,  discharge 
falling  into  throat,  sometimes  profuse,  watery, 
acrid,  thick  and  tenacious  mucous,  purulent,  of- 
fensive, etc.  In  others  a  dryness,  dry,  watery, 
weak  or  inflamed  eyes,  ringing  in  the  ears, 
deafness  hawking  and  coughing  to  clear  the 
throat,  ulcerations,  death  and  decay  of  bones, 
scabs  from  ulcers,  constant  desire  to  clear  nose 
and  throat,  voice  altered,  nasal  twang,  offensive 
breath,  impaired  or  total  deprivation  of  sense 
of  smell  and  taste,  dizziness,  mental  depression, 
loss  of  appetite,  indigestion,  dyspepsia,  en- 
larged tonsils,  tickling  cough,  difficulty  in 
speaking  plainly,  general  debiUty,  idiocy  and 
insanity. 

All  the  above  symptoms  are  common  to  the 
disease  in  some  of  its  stages  or  complications, 
yet  thousands  of  cases  annually  terminate  in 
consumption  or  insanity,  and  end  in  the  grave 
without  ever  having  manifested  one-third  of 
the  symptoms  above  enurmerated. 


A  Paint  fob  Smoke  Stacks. — A  correspon- 
dent of  the  Scientific  American  gives  the  follow- 
ing: One  pint  of  good  varnish,  one  pint  boiled 
oil,  and  red  lead  sufficient  to  produce  a  proper 
consistency.  Prepare  it  a  few  hours  before 
wanted,  and  repeatedly  stir  while  using.  Use 
no  turpentine  or  dryers.  I  have  a  stack  thus 
painted  which  has  stood  the  weather  and  heat 
for  two  years,  and  remains  as  when  first  done, 
but  changing  to  [a  darker  color.  The  ex- 
pense is  trifling.  This  is  applicable  to  any 
sheet  iron  which  may  be  subjected  to  weather 
or  moderate  heat. 


Durable  Work. — One  side  of  a  house  at 
Dighton,  Mass.,  has  just  been  reshingled  for 
the  first  time  since  the  house  was  built,  77 
years  ago.  A  large  part  of  the  old  shingles  are 
but  little  worn.  They  are  of  Southern  cedar, 
aud  the  nails  were  all  made  by  hand.  The 
west  side  of  the  roof,  which  is  less  exposed  to 
storms,  will  apparently  last  for  many  years 
longer. 

One  hundred  years  ago  there  was  only  four 
newspapers  printed  in  America. 


In-Doob  Life. — One  chief  respect  in  which 
our  severe  climate  and  over-stinxulating  social 
condition  harass  us,  is  the  excessive  preponder- 
ance of  in-door  activity  which  they  involve. 
Now  man  is  not  yet  an  in-door  animal,  though 
he  seems  to  be  in  a  fair  way  to  become  one  ulti- 
mately. The  intense  pleasure  and  the  renewed 
vigor  which  we  feel  in  summer  picknickings 
may  serve  to  indicate  the  extent  to  which  our 
old  barbaric  needs  still  assert  themselves  in  our 
mental  and  physical  constitution.  We  cannot, 
however,  again  become  out-door  barbarians  ; 
nor  is  it  urged  that  barbaric  life  is  more  condu- 
cive to  health  than  civilized  life.  We  may  nev- 
ertheless learn  from  the  savage  one  all-import- 
ant hygienic  lesson.  In  innumerable  ways  the 
savage  violates  the  laws  of  health  ;  but  he  at 
least  breathes  pure  air,  and  his  blood  is  rapidly 
oxygenated.  Now  one  of  the  worst  features, 
perhaps  the  very  worst,  of  our  in-door  activity 
is  the  way  in  which  it  interferes  with  the  due 
aeration  of  our  blood.  And  this  is  a  feature 
of  in-door  life  which  we  can  and  must  obviate. 
Partly  due  to  imperfect  science,  but  still  more 
to  unpardonable  carelessness  of  the  plainest 
rules  of  hygiene,  is  the  unquestioned  fact  that 
our  houses,  our  schoolrooms,  our  theatres,  and 
our  public  conveyances  are,  as  far  as  the  atmos- 
phere is  concerned,  foul  dens  of  corruption. 
— Ex. 


Throat  and  Lung  Diseases. — Most  of  the 
throat  and  lung  diseases,  which  indirectly  lead 
to  consumption,  are  occasioned  by  sheer  care- 
lessness. A  delicate  woman  often  sits  for  two 
or  three  hours  in  a  crowded  theatre  or  church, 
breathing  an  atmosphere  tainted  by  the  exhala- 
tions from  the  lungB  of  hundreds  of  other  peo- 
ple, her  system  is  exhausted,  herskin  is  excited 
by  unwonted  action,  and  when  she  leaves  the 
building  and  goes  out  in  the  cold  air  her  blood 
is  suddenly  driven  to  the  interior  of  the  body, 
and  then  ensues  a  more  or  less  permanent  con- 
gestion or  inflammation  of  some  of  the  internal 
organs — usually  the  air  tubes  in  or  leading  to 
the  lungs.  This  process  being  repeated  many 
times,  a  chronic  bronchitis  is  finally  established 
in  persons  otherwise  healthy,  and  life  is  ever 
after  rendered  miserable  by  this  periodical  over- 
heating and  sudden  chilling  of  the  body,  even 
if  the  more  dangerous  malady,  consumption, 
does  not  interfere,  and  put  the  abused  body  into 
the  grave. 


Pure  Vegetable  Salve. — One  pound  lard, 
one-half  pound  rosin;  add  ten  ounces  elder 
bark;  boil  these  over  a  slow  fire  half  an  hour, 
then  strain  and  put  up  in  small  boxes.  This 
sells  at  25  cents  a  box. 


Transplanting  Halb. — The  successful  trans- 
fering  of  skin  and  flesh  to  assist  the  recovery 
of  wounds,  has  induced  some  one  to  experi- 
ment on  hair,  and  the  result  is  a  process  of  re- 
moving portions  of  the  scalp,  with  the  hair  on, 
from  some  luxuriant  head,  and  planting  it  on 
the  victim  of  baldness.  A  cotemporary  points 
out  that  it  may  soon  become  fashionable  to 
wear  hair  of  various  hues  and  shades,  thereby 
producing  the  most  singular  and  beautiful  ef- 
fects of  color;  or  the  hair  might  be  made  to  ap- 
pear white,  green,  blue,  or  red,  at  the  owner's 
option,  and  by  various  ways  of  disposing  it. 
"Take,  in  due  proportions,  hair  of  all  the  pris- 
matic tints,  rumple  it,  and  immediately  you 
have  white  hair ;  comb  it  in  another  way,  and 
there  is  your  purple,  your  ultramarine,  your 
yellow,  or  any  possible  hue. "  If  these  direc- 
tions are  followed,  the  recognition  of  the  orig- 
inal color  of  the  head  may  require  the  use  of 
the  spectroscope." 

Reading  in  Railway  Cabs. — The  Philadel- 
phia Medical  and  Surgical  Reporter  has  the  fol- 
lowing sensible  remarks  on  this  subject,  and 
we  commend  them  to  the  attention  of  all  who 
ride  much  by  rail:  Most,  if  not  all  who  read 
on  railroads,  are  sensible  of  weight  and  weari- 
ness about  the  eyes.  Tine  sensation  is  accounted 
for  on  high  medical  authority  by  the  fact  that 
the  exact  distance  between  the  eyes  and  the 
paper  cannot  be  maintained.  The  concussions 
and  oscillations  of  the  train  disturb  the  powers 
of  vision,  and  any  variation,  however  slight,  is 
met  by  an  effort  at  accommodation  on  the  part  of 
the  eyes.  The  constant  exercise  of  so  delicate  an 
organ  of  course  produces  fatigue,  andif  the  prac- 
tice of  railroad  reading  is  persisted  in  must  re- 
sult in  permanent  injury.  Added  to  this  dificulty 
is  bad  or  shifting  light.  The  safe  and  prudent 
mode  is  to  read  little  if  any.  The  deliberate 
finishing  of  volumes  in  railway  cars  is  highly 
detrimental. 


Frozen  Beef  Essence. — Dr.  H.  B.  Hare 
(PhUadelpaia  Medical  Journal)  writes  that,  in  a 
case  of  scarlet  fever  in  a  child,  the  patient 
could  not  be  induced  to  swallow  the  beef-tea 
which  his  condition  required.  As  he  took  ice 
with  avidity,  the  father  suggested  that  if  the 
beef-tea  was  frozen  he  might  then  be  induced 
to  take  it  in  that  form.  The  suggestion  was 
carried  out,  and  the  child  took  the  frozen  beef- 
tea  readily.  This  expedient  may  in  many  cases 
be  advantageously  adopted. 


If  you  are  caught  in  a  drenching  rain,  or  fall 
into  the  water,  by  all  means  keep  in  motion 
sufficiently  vigorous  to  prevent  the  slightest 
chilly  sensation  until  you  reach  the  house;  then 
change  your  clothing  with  great  rapidity  before 
a  blazing  fire,  and  drink  instantly  apintof  some 
hot  liquid. 

A  Good  Liniment. — One  of  the  very  best  lin- 
iments that  was  ever  made  for  man  or  beast  is 
composed  of  equal  parts  of  laudanum,  alcohol, 
and  oil-of- worm  wood. 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  4,  1872. 


W-  B.  EWER Sehioe  Editob. 


IDEWEY  «fc  CO.,  X^ixblisJiers. 


GEO.   H.  BTItONG, 

JNO.  1..  BOONE. 


.  T.  DEWEY, 
W.  B.  EWEB, 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  CaHfornia  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
"Wells,  Farg-o  &  Co. 'a. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

ADVEBTKlNa  Kates.— lweeft.   lmonth.    3  months,   lffear. 

per  line        25  .80  52.00         $5.00 

One-half  "incn $1.00        $3.00  7.60         20.00 

Oneinch 2.00  5.00  14.00  38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4; 
six  months,  $2.50;  three  months,  $125.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  postpaid,  per  year, 
£1  3s  ;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion. Is. ;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates.  

Illustrations  and  Reports  of  Mining  Enterprises 
"Wanted.— Dram ngs  or  photographs  of  mining  works  that 
are  of  general  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  journal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  and 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  or  special  interest, 
are  also  desired.  Sketches  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  very  acceptable. 


gan  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  May  4,  1872 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates. 

San  Francisco,  Wednesday,  May  1,  1872.— l>{*al 
TenderB  buying,  90 Hi  selling,  91.  Gold  in  New  Yori 
to-day,  112.  __^_ 


Table  of  Contents. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Ball's  Water  Elevator;  Peterson's 
Patent  Bee  Hive,  373.  Illinois  Industrial  Uni- 
versity, 278.  The  Kirby  Two-Wheeled  Mower;  The 
Novelty  G-Ihbb  Cutter,  281 

EDITORIALS— Mining  Stocks;  New  Method  of  Pros- 
pecting, 273.  The  Hyde  Steam  Plow;  New  Publica- 
tions, 278.  Quicksilver,  280.  Railway  Progress  in 
Russia;  Perfumery  Resources  of  California,  281. 

CORRESPONDENCE — Vein  Phenomena;  Mining,  the 
Great  Pursuit  of  the  Pacific  States,  274. 

MINING  SUMMARY— Reports  from  mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts:  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 
274-5. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Remarkable  Testing  Ma- 
chine; Private  Gas  Manufacture;  Copying  Press; 
Mechanical  Improvements;  Influence  of  Intense  Cold 
on  Heat  and  Iron;  Sheathing  Iron  Vessels  with  Wood; 
The  Danks  Furnace;  Copying  Drawings  by  the  Aid  of 
the  Induction  Coil,  275. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— Curious  Phenomenon  of 
Recurrent  Vision;  New  Method  of  Measuring  the 
Velocity  of  Rotation;  The  Projected  Australian  Polar 
Expedition;  Auroras,  275. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Another  Scientist  on  Spirit- 
ualism ;  The  Wonders  of  Chemistry ;  Terra  Cotta ; 
Lubricators,  279. 

GOOD  HEALTH — Needed  Sewing  Machine  Improve- 
ment; In-Door  Life;  Throat  and  Lung  Diseases;  Weak- 
ening of  Fatal  Maladies ;  Symptoms  of  Catarrh  ; 
Transplanting  Hair;  Reading  in  Railway  Cars,  279. 

DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.— To  Drive  Rats  Away  Without 
Poison;  Composition  of  Worcestershire  Sauce;  Filter 
and  Filtering;  To  Make  Chutney;  Sleep  and  Lodging; 
A  Handy  Kitchen;  etc.,  282. 

MISCELLANEOUS— The  Countries  Where  Gold  Goes; 
An  American  Iron  Steamship;  Accident  at  Eureka 
Mill,  274.  The  Richest  of  All  Gold  Fields,  278. 
Mining  Accidents;  New  Incorporations,  284. 


Eruption  of  Vesuvius. —  Old  Mother 
Earth,  after  somewhat  forcibly  calling  our 
attention  to  the  fact  that  there  was  some- 
thing else  than  railroads,  mining  stocks 
and  Goat  Islands  to  think  about,  has  gone 
after  the  Italians  and  woke  some  of  them 
up  from  their  dolce  far  ?iiente  to  see  Vesu- 
vius once  more  in  a  state  of  eruption. 
Dispatches  from  Rome  state  that  a  number 
of  persons  were  killed  by  the  lava,  which 
burst  up  through  the  ground  under  their 
feet.  The  town  of  Torre  del  Greco  was  in 
so  much  danger,  that  all  the  inhabitants 
fled.  Naples'  dispatches  describe  the  scene 
as  wonderfully  grand,  and  say  that  the 
ashes  and  lava  threatened  the  villages 
on  the  mountain  side.  On  the  27th  ult., 
the  lava-stream  had  already  reached  Sebas- 
tian, and  threatened  other  places.  The 
consternation  of  the  neighboring  towns  is 
extreme,  and  earthquakes  are  the  order  of 
the  day. 

Men  Wanted. — J.  L.  Hallett,  railroad  con- 
tractor at  Portland,  wants  3,000  men  to  work 
on  the  Oregon  and  California,  Oregon  Central, 
and  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  He  announces 
steady  employment  for  the  season  and  money 
every  month. 

Treasure  Shipment. — The  steamship  Ameri- 
ca sailed  from  here  for  China  and  Japan  on 
"Wednesday,  and  carried  $1,524,570.22  in  treas- 
ure. The  total  shipments  since  January  1st  is 
$10,067,21^22^ 

Earthquakes. — A  shock  of  earthquake  was 
felt  at  Salinas  City  on  the  1st  inst.,  and  at  the 
same  time  in  Gilroy.  It  is  said  to  have  been 
heavy  but  no  damage  was  done. 

On  File.— "  The  Mines  of  Utah;"  "San 
Diego  Mines"  and  the  "Limestone  Belts  of 
Nevada." 


Quicksilver. 

The  long  prevailing  high  price  of  quicksilver 
has  excereised  an  important  influence  on  our 
mining  interests,  and  the  importance  of  obtain- 
ing it  at  low  rates  will  be  evident  to  all,  except 
producers.  In  the  production  of  gold  and  silver 
bullion,  quicksilver  is  an  indispensible  requisite 
and  withoutit  our  mines  could  not  be  developed, 
unless  the  ingenuity  of  our  people  could  devise 
some  suitable  substitute  not  now  known.  The 
production  of  this  necessary  article  at  the 
cheapest  possible  rates,  is  a  matter  of  great  in- 
terest to  our  mining  population,  and  the  many 
mines  of  this  metal  in  California,  by  proper 
and  economical  working  with  suitable  appli- 
ances and  without  combinations,  to  keep  up 
rates,  should  be  able  to  produce  and  sell  it  at 
a  much  more  reasonable  price  than  present 
quotations.  A  low  price  for  quicksilve  r  would 
cause  an  increase  in  consumption,  and  of 
course,  larger  sales,  requiring  a  greater  produc- 
tion. It  is  an  absolute  necessity  for  the  pur- 
poses for  which  it  is  mainly  used  and  for  amal- 
gamating particularly,  where  it  is  now  used 
with  a  sparing  hand,  a  more  plentiful  supply 
would  be  a  material  benefit. 

The  European    Mines. 

The  amount  of  quicksilver  which  the  various 
mines  of  the  world  are  capable  of  producing,  is 
very  large,  much  larger  in  fact,  than  is  de- 
manded for  any  purposes  to  which  it  is  at  pres- 
ent applied,  and  the  only  reason  why  it  is  held 
so  high  is,  that  a  few  parties  have  control  of 
the  supply  of  the  world.  The  Almaden  mine 
in  Spain,  discovered  in  1497,  yielded  for  250 
years,  from  550,000  to  650,000  pounds  per  an- 
num. In  1750,  when  the  Huancavelica  mine  of 
Peru  caved  in  and  the  supply  from  that  source 
was  temporarly  cut  off,  the  Almaden  increased 
its  production  to  about  2,016,000  pounds  per 
annum  and  has  continued  to  yield  that  amount 
ever  since.  The  Santa  Barbara  mine  of  Huan- 
cavelica which  had,  up  to  1867,  produced  $80,- 
000,000  worth  of  quicksilver,  is  now  abandoned. 
The  reasons  given  are  its  distance  from  sea- 
board, low  grade  of  ores,  scarcity  of  fuel,  being 
unable  from  these  causes  to  make  any  profit  in 
competition  with  the  other  great  mines  of  the 
world.  The  Idria  mine  in  Transylvania  is  an- 
other of  the  important  mines  of  the  world  and 
its  production  is  from  600  to  800  flasks  per 
month.  The  ores  are  of  a  low  grade.  This 
mine  is  under  lease  from  the  Government. 

The  California  Mines. 

California,  among  its  numerous  mineral  ad- 
vantages, possesses  the  broadest  fields  of  this 
necessary  article  in  the  world  and  by  far  the 
most  prolific  of  its  mines  is  the  well-known 
New  Almaden,  in  Santa  Clara  county.  As  it 
may  be  interesting  to  know  the  amount  pro- 
duced from  this  mine  yearly  as  the  representa- 
tive one  of  California,  the  following  figures  will 
show  it,  in  flasks,  premising  that  the  flasks 
contain  76%  pounds  of  quicksilver.  In  1851, 
the  number  of  flasks  produced  was  23,875;  in 
1852,  19,921;  in  1853,  18,035;  in  1854,  26,325; 
in  1855,  31,860;  in  1856,  28,183;  in  1857,  26,002; 
from  July  1857  to  October  1858,  39,935.  From 
that  time  to  February  1861,  the  mine  was  closed 
by  injunction.  From  February  1861,  to  Janu- 
ary 1862  it  produced  34,765  flasks;  in  1862,  40,- 
391;  in  1863,  19,564;  in  1864,46,216;  in  1865, 
47,194;  in  1866,  35,150;  in  1867,  24,461  flasks; 
in  1868,  25,628;  in  1869,  16,898;  in  1870, 14,000, 
and  in  1871,  18,763  flasks.  Total  up  to  Janu- 
ary 1872,  537,176  flasks,  each  containing  76% 
pounds  of  quicksilver. 

The  New  Idria  mine  in  Fresno  County  pro- 
duced in  1866,  6,045  flasks;  in  1867,  11,500;  in 
1868,  12,300;  in  1869,  10,450;  in  1870,  10,000, 
and  in  1871,  9,227  flasks.  The  Redington 
mine,  near  Knoxville,  Lake  County,  produced 
in  1866,  2,980  flasks;  in  1867,  7,145;  in  1868, 
8,700;  in  1869,  5,000;  in  1870,  4,546,  and  in 
1871,  2,128  flasks. 

Among  the  other  mines  whose  product  goes 
to  swell  the  gross  amounu,  are  the  Guadalupe 
in  Santa  Clara  county,  owned  in  Baltimore, 
Md. ;  the  Josephine  in  San  Luis  Obispo  county, 
owned  by  Ban-en  &  Co.;  the  Enriquita,  owned 
by  the  Almaden,  and  the  Bautista,  owned  by 
the  Almaden,  and  now  idle,  both  in  Santa  Clara 
county;  the  Pioneer  is  in  Napa  county.  The 
"Whitton  is  in  Napa  county  and  there  is  one  at 
Oakville.  The  Vallejo  mine  is  in  Solano 
county;  the  Manhattan  or  Knox  &  Osborne 
mine  is  three  miles  from  Knoxville,  in  Lake 
county;  theCahfornia  is  in  Yolo,  and  there  are 
several  in  Pope  valley  near  Napa,   the   Abbot 


mine  is  in  Lake  county;  Excelsior  in  same 
county.  There  are  several  in  Monterey,  one 
of  which  is  called  the  Pennsylvania,  which  pro- 
duced a  small  quantity,  and  one  owned  by  Mc- 
Garrahan  not  now  being  worked.  There  is  one 
at  Mount  Diablo,  Contra  Costa  county,  which 
produced  a  small  quantity  but  is  now  in  litiga- 
tion. An  occasional  flask  comes  from  the  San 
Luis  Obispo  mines.  The  Biotte  and  Lockhart 
mine  is  at  St.  Helena,  Napa  county.  The 
Phoenix  in  Pope  valley,  Napa  county,  produc- 
ed in  1870,  from  a  partial  working,  only  763 
flasks.  There  is  also  a  mine  in  San  Bernar- 
dino county,  and  several  recent  discoveries  in 
Napa  and  Lake  counties,  and  a  number  are 
spoken  of  from  which  we  hear  little,  in  the 
Coast  Range,  from  up  north  down  to  San 
Bernardino  county.  The  total  product  from 
all  the  California  mines  mentioned,  for  the  last 
three  years,  was,  according  to  the  Commercial 
Herald,  as  follows:  In  1869,  36,600  flasks;  in 
1870,  29,546  flasks;  and  in  1871,  31,881  flasks. 
The  total  monthly  product  at  present  is  said 
to  be  not  over  3,100  flasks  of  which  the  New 
Almaden  furnishes  1,600,  the  Redington  600, 
the  New  Idria  600,  and  all  others  300.  The 
New  Idria  cleaned  up  2,000  flasks  in  January, 
40  from  the  mine  and  the  remainder  from 
what  had  accumulated  inside  the    condensers. 

Cause  of  the  High  Price  of  Quicksilver. 

Quicksilver  has  remained  at  a  high  rate  for 
the  past  three  years  and  at  such  a  one  as  the 
amount  of  production  and  demand  does  not 
warrant.  A  combination  orring  control  the  whole 
supply  and  keep  the  prices  where  they  can 
make  the  most  profit.  Through  the  agency  of 
Mr.  Butterworth,  the  manager  of  the  Almaden, 
a  contract  for  the  delivery  of  50,000  flasks  from 
the'product  of  the  mine  prior  to  April  1st,  1868, 
was  made  in  1866  with  the  late  Mr.  "W.  E.  Bar- 
ron for  $30  per  flask.  They  obligated  them- 
selves not  to  sell  or  consign  any  quicksilver 
from  the  mine  until  this  contract  was  completed. 
Messrs  D.  O  Mills  and  W.  C .  Ralston  were  Mr. 
Barron's  securities  for  the  faithful  performance 
of  his  part  of  the  contract  which  was  to  ad- 
vance $150,000  on  the  debt  of  $250,-000  of  the 
Co.  and  if  necessary  advance  money  to  meet  the 
full  amount.  The  contracting  parties  found,  in 
April  1868,  that  the  production  exceeded  the 
demand,  or  rather  that  while  the  production 
was  increasing  the  demand  was  the  same,  and 
declined  to  contract  to  purchase  any  more. 
However,  another  contract  or  agreement  was 
made  between  Butterworth  representing  the 
New  Almaden,  Barron  and  Milis  controling 
the  New  Indria,  and  the  owners  of  the  Reding- 
ton mine  for  two  years.  By  the  terms  of  this 
contract,  as  far  as  known,  these  mines  were  to 
limit  their  production  to  a  certain  amount,  Bar- 
ron &  Co.  were  to  be  shipping  and  foreign 
agents,  Redington  &  Co.  local  agents  for  the 
sale  of  the  quicksilver  here.  The  product  of  the 
mines  was  reduced  and  by  the  arrangements  made 
the  combination  netted  a  profit  of  about  $35 
per  flask  on  the  sales.  The  Annual  Report  of 
the  New  Almaden  Company  for  1870  states 
that  the  financial  matters  of  the  mine  were  in  a 
bad  state  and  $55,000  was  required  immediate- 
ly to  settle  a  law  suit.  There  was  also  a  large 
amount  due  the  Bank  of  California.  The  agent, 
Mr.  Butterworth,  to  get  out  of  this  financial  diffi- 
culty, entered  into  contract  with  D.  O.  Mills  to 
sell  him  the  15,525  flasks  of  quicksilver  hitherto 
delivered  to  Barron  &  Co.  under  combination 
contract  and  all  that  would  be  delivered  up  to 
April,  1870,  under  said  contract,  at  $32  in  gold 
per  flask.  And  all  the  product  for  two  years 
from  April  1870  at  $31  gold  per  flask,  half  cash 
on  delivery  and  half  cash  iu  60  days,  he  discount- 
ing all  deferred  payments  at  current  rates  of  inter- 
est if  the  company  should  require.  The  com- 
pany had  the  right  to  deliver  an  average  of 
2,000  flasks  of  quicksilver  monthly.  He  was  to 
pay  the  company  any  sum  that  might  arise  af- 
ter deducting  amount  due  to  Barron  &  Co.  for 
advances  on  the  quicksilver  under  their  con- 
tract. 

When  the  combination  contract  between  the 
New  Almaden,  New  Idria  and  the  Redington 
mines  expired,  the  owners  of  the  Redington, 
knowing  that  the  two  other  mines  were  con- 
trolled by  the  same  parties,  declined  to  enter 
into  any  new  combination  or  sell  their  prod- 
uct for  the  price  which  the  New  Alamaden  did. 
They  finally  entered  into  contract  with  Barron 
and  Mills  to  sell  their  product  for  10  years.  The 
price  was  not  made  public  but  was  generally 
understood  to  be  $40  per  flask  and  the  produc- 
tion was  to  be  limited  to  a  certain  amount, 


Redington  &  Co.  under  this  agreement  were 
still  to  have  the  local  sale. 

The  Almaden  mine  in  Spain  is  entirely  in 
the  control  of  the  Rothschilds,  who  have  a  lease 
of  it.  This  mine  supplies  the  London  market 
and  a  large  part  of  Europe,  and  also  Mexico. 
California  supplies  the  United  States,  China 
and  India,  so  the  world  is  divided  between  the 
two  great  producers.  An  understanding  exists 
between  the  two  controlling  parties  which  per- 
mits each  to  dispose  of  their  quicksilver  in  their 
respective  markets.  The  result  is  that  a  pound 
of  quicksilver,  owing  to  the  duty  of  15  per  cent., 
is  15  per  cent,  dearer  in  California,  where  it  is 
produced,  than  in  Mexico,  to  which  place  it  is 
exported  from  Spain. 

By  referring  to  the  figures  given  above  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  product  of  the  several  mines 
has  gradually  decreased  since  these  combina- 
tions were  formed.  The  consumption  is  of 
course  limited  and  an  over  supply  would  not 
suit  the  measures  of  the  men  who  have  control. 
Moreover,  what  is  consumed  would  be  con- 
sumed if  it  were  $1  or  $1.50  per  pound,  just 
the  same  as  at  85  cents,  but  small  miners  could 
not  use  it  to  advantage.  The  amount  lost  in 
amalgamating  has  been  discussed  at  length  in 
the  Scientific  Press.  The  Almaden  ores  just 
as  they  come  from  the  mine  would  not  average 
over  3  per  cent,  metal,  and  the  Napa'mines  not 
more  than  one  per  cent.,  so  a  good  deal  of  ore 
is  rejected.  Three  per  cent,  ore  however  will 
pay  well,  and  all  of  the  mine's  would  pay  if 
they  chose  to  sell  at  lower  rates.  Some  of  the 
mine  owners,  however,  sell  their  product  to 
the  Bank  of  California  combination,  while 
others  with  small  lots  trafficwith  hardware  deal- 
ers or  others  who  supply  parties  in  the  interior. 
They  generally  undersell  the  combination  a 
few  cents,  but  the  amounts  are  so  small  they 
make  little  difference.  Although  it  is  under- 
stood that  the  contract  of  this  combination  ex- 
pired on  the  1st  of  April  of  this  year,  their 
profit  has  been  so  immense  that  it  is  probable 
that  there  will  be  a  renewal,  and  a  combination 
of  the  various  mines  and  interests  will  most 
probably  be  effected.  So  far  as  known  no  such 
step  has  yet  been  taken  but  as  prices  remain  as 
they  have  for  months  past  it  is  to  be  supposed 
that  we  will  have  no  reduction  for  some  time  to 
come.  The  owners  of  the  Redington  purposely 
keep  down  their  product  because  they  prefer 
to  keep  the  ore  in  the  mine  rather  than  sell  it 
at  the  price  agreed  under  a  contract  which  only 
compels  them  to  deliver  what  they  manufac- 
ture. The  only  chance  we  would  have  to  get 
a  decrease  in  price  would  be  in  ease  a  number 
of  the  new  mines  would  refuse  to  enter  the  com- 
bination and  increase  their  product,  but  there 
is  little  chance  of  this.  The  ring  have  too  good 
a  thing  of  it,  and  doubtless  intend  to  continue 
then-  operations  on  the  old  basis.  Perhaps  we 
ought,  under  the  circumstances,  to  congratulate 
ourselves  on  being  able  to  get  it  even  at  the 
advanced  price  we  do.  Still  it  seems  lamenta- 
ble that  an  article  which  is  bo  indispensable  to 
our  mining  operations  should  be  subject  to  a 
speculative  combination,  without  any  conscience 
as  it  depresses  the  leading  industry  of  the  coast. 
The  miner  requiring  the  use  of  quicksilver  in 
California  is  obliged  to  pay  the  monopoly  price 
85  cents  per  pound,  while  a  merchant  exporting 
pays  but  80  to  the  same  company  for  the  same 
material. 


Dover  Straits. — The  question  of  getting 
across  the  British  channel  without  going 
in  steamboats  has  agitated  the  English 
mind  for  many  years,  and  a  number  of 
schemes  have  beenproposed  and  abandoned. 
Recently  a  company  has  been  incorporated 
in  London,  with  the  intention  of  connect- 
ing France  and  England  by  a  tunnel  under 
the  sea.  The  sum  of  £2,000,000  is  to  be 
used  in  testing  the  feasibility  of  the  plan, 
and  if  the  experimental  work  proves  suc- 
cessful>  both  countries  are  expected  to 
join  in  pushing  the  enterprise  to  comple- 
tion as  quickly  as  possible. 

Utah  News. — An  English  company  has  com- 
menced suit  for  the  possession  of  the  well- 
known  Flagstaff  mine  in  Little  Cottonwood, 
U.  T.,  claiming  it  as  the  property  originally 
located  as  the  General  Grant. 

A  great  quantity  of  mining  machinery  is 
coming  into  Salt  Lake  City,  and  it  is  said  that 
heavy  contracts  for  mills  are  out.  The  mine 
owners  evince  a  strong  desire  to  reduce  their 
own  ores,  and  ship  bullion  only. 


There  are  17  pneumatic  tube  lines  in 
operation  in  the  city  of  London,  varying 
in  length  from  980  to  29  yards. 


May  4,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS! 


281 


Railway  Progress  in  Russia— Manifest 
Destiny. 

Russia  is  making  advances  in  her  sys- 
tem of  railway  communication.  It  was 
said  two  or  three  years  since  that  Russia 
was  "  railway  mad."  If  such  was  the  case 
there  is  much  method  in  her  madness,  and 
her  vagaries  have  been  of  much  benefit  to 
her  in  every  point  of  view. 

The  government,  by  placing  the  snow- 
bound and  mud-bound  interior  in  rapid 
and  easy  communication  with  the  ports, 
has  enabled  Russian  manufacturers  and 
agriculturists  to  develop  their  respective 
industries  with  the  most  wondorful  re- 
sults ;  and  the  consequence  has  been  that 
railway  extension  is  still  regarded  with  the 
highest  favor. 

Yet  with  all  that  has  been  done,  there  is 
ample  room  for  future  progress  in  this  di- 
rection. The  extent  of  the  Russian  Em- 
pire ie  larger  than  that  of  the  United 
States,  and,  like  these  States,  extends  from 
the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  As  yet  she  has 
but  about  'J  ,000  miles  of  lines,  while  the 
United  States  has  some  65,000.  It  is  also 
noticeable  that,  in  Russia,  as  elsewhere, 
production,  industry  and  the  general  im- 
provement of  the  masses,  keep  equal  pace 
with  the  extension  of  the  iron  road. 

In  view  of  these  facts  there  is  nothing 
unreasonable  in  presuming  that  Russia 
will  continue  to  press  forward  her  railway 
system,  "with  even  an  accelerated  ratio, 
until  every  part  of  that  magnificent  empire 
shall  be  bound  together  and  consolidated 
by  this  great  annihilator  of  time  and  space. 
Thus  conditioned,  the  arts,  sciences  and 
industries  will  soon  become  as  fully  de- 
veloped in  Russia  as  upon  the  most  favored 
portion  of  Central  Europe ;  for  the  Rus- 
sian, "with  equal  facilities,  is  not  much  be- 
hind the  native  of  any  other  portion  of 
Europe,  in  anything  which  goes  to  make 
up  a  great  and  progressive  people. 

There  is  one  significant  fact,  -which  has 
been  observed  in  the  Russian  railway  sys- 
tem, and  that  is  that  her  railway  gauge  has 
been  studiously  fixed  so  that  it  cannot  be 
used  by  the  rolling  stock  of  any  other  part 
of  Europe.  Under  these  circumstances, 
in  case  of  a  war  between  that  power  and 
any  other  European  nation,  her  railway 
system  -will  be  of  no  account  to  her  enemy 
in  pushing  his  conquest  over  the  border, 
while  she  herself  will  enjoy  its  full  advan- 
tages to  the  very  extent  of  her  domains. 
The  late  German-Franco  campaign  would 
have  been  an  utter  impossibility,  had 
Napoleon  imitated  the  Czar  in  that  respect. 
In  that  campaign  Germany  with  all  of  her 
rolling  stock,  fitting  the  French  tracks 
and  the  enormous  resources  of  her  shops 
and  artisans,  could  not  have  laid  siege 
to  Paris,  had  she  not  impressed  an  immense 
amount  of  the  same  material  belonging  to 
the  Austrian  Empire,  which  she  from  time 
to  time  found  within  her  borders,  and  con- 
fiscated at  an  enormous  cost  for  settlement 
with  their  legitimate  owners. 

This  policy  on  the  part  of  Russia  is  mani- 
festly a  peaceful  one — all  she  wishes  is  to 
be  "let  alone,"  and  for  that  she  is  taking 
security  in  a  most  efficient  manner.  It 
may  be  observed,  however,  that  while  she 
is  thus  rendering  herself  impregnable  at 
home,  she  is  also  placing  herself  at  great 
advantage  in  her  Asiatic  aspirations.  Her 
railroad  system  will  be  brought  to  the  very 
borders  of  her  Asiatic  neighbors,  who 
will  thus  be  placed  absolutely  at  her  mer- 
cy, while  the  allies  of  those  nations  will  be 
compelled  to  operate  to  great  disad- 
vantage for  the  lack  of  such  facilities. 
The  manifest  destiny  of  Russia  is  as 
sure  in  its  ultimate  domination  over  Eu- 
rope and  Asia,  as  is  that  of  the  United 
States  over  every  portion  of  the  American 

Continent 

Sales. — It  is  understood  that  the  Key- 
stone quicksilver  mine  in  San  Luis  Obispo 
county  has  been  sold  for  $36,000.  A  dispatch 
from  SaltLake  states  that  the  Silver  "Wreath  and 
half  of  the  Lookout  mines  at  Schell  Creek, 
were  sold  on  the  29th  inst.,  to  an  English  Com- 
pany, for  $50,000.  Another  dispatch  dated  the 
1st  inst.,  says  that  the  Vallejo  Company  have 
been  offered  $1,000,000  for  their  property  by 
English  capitalists. 


The  Kirby   Two-Wheeled  Mower. 

Our  object  in  presenting  the  accompanying 
illustration,  is  to  attract  the  attention  of  the 
readers  of  the  Press,  to  a  new  feature 
fur  this  coast,  in  mowing  and  reaping 
machines.  Wo  are  aware  of  the  reputa- 
tion long  since  awarded  to  tbe  old  Kirby 
mower,  and  that  it  has  successfully  maintained 
its  excellent  reputation;  its  complete  success, 
as  claimed  by  its  inventor,  having  never  been 
excelled  iu  the  history  of  mowing  machines. 

In  its  present  improved  form,  it  possesses  a 
perfection  of  principle  thut  secures  the  exocu- 
cution  of  the  best  possible  work.  It  has  the 
flexibility  and  independent  motion  of  framo 
and  finger-bar  peculiar  to  all  Kirby  machines, 
cutting  close  and  clean  over  all  variations  of 
ground.  One  of  its  great  excellencies  is,  its 
jointed  connecting  rod—  or  pitman  —  a  fea- 
ture belonging  exclusively  to  this  mower; 
the  joint  in  the  connecting  rod  working  simulta- 
neously with  the  joint  in  the  tiuger-bar,  keeps 
the  connecting  rod  always  in  perfect  line  with 
the  cutting  apparatus,  allowing  the  knife  to 
run  perfectly  free,  without  binding,  at  what- 
ever angle  the  bar  may  be  raised  or  folded. 

By  a  convenient  lever,  the  bar  is  raised  to 
pass  any  obstruction,  even  a  tree,  or  can  be 
folded  completely  across  the  machine  in  front 
for  transportation,  without  throwing  out  of 
gear,  stopping  the  team,  or  the  driver  leaving 
his  Beat;  and  yet  can  be  instantly  thrown  out  or 


Perfumery  Resources  of  California. 

An  Eastern  merchant,  largely  interested  in 
the  importation  of  fine  and  expensive  oils,  and 
choice  perfumeries,  visited  Southern  California 
about  two  years  since,  and  iu  a  letter  to  the 
New  York  Dally  Globe  said  :  "This  portion  of 
the  Pacifio  coast  is  naturally  suited  to  the 
growth  of  flowers;  from  its  native  capabilities  it 
ought  to  be  the  centre  of  perfume  and  oil  manu- 
factory and  trade.  The  choicest  material  for 
expensive  oils  is  wasted  here  to  the  amount  of 
thousands  of  dollars  during  the  season."  This 
branch  of  California's  resources  has  often  been 
commented  upon  by  the  tourist,  but  no  one  has 
yet  attempted  to  engage  in  the  business.  No 
doubt  the  timo  is  not  far  distant  when  the 
choice  varieties  of  blossoms  that  are  native  and 
prolific  to  this  clime  and  soil,  will  form  the 
material  for  a  large  manufacturing  business, 
and  result  in  a  steady  resource  of  wealth  to  the 
manufacturers. 

Orange-Flowers,  Etc. 

One  of  the  chief  productions  of  Southern  Cal- 
ifornia is  the  orange.  It  thrives  wondrously 
there,  and  is  already  one  of  the  features  of 
trade  in  that  section.  Los"  Angeles  oranges 
possess  sweeter  and  richer  flavor  than  the  Ta- 
hiti oranges,  and  command  a  better  price  in 
San  Francisco  markets.  The  peel  of  the  Los 
Angeles  orange  is  thicker,  sweeter  and  tenderer, 
containing  more  oil  than  any  other  orange  in 
the  Pacific  markets.      The  distiller  would  in 


THE    KIRBY    TWO-WHEELED     MOWER. 


into  gear  without  stopping  when  desired,  by 
either  foot  or  hand.  No  stopping  to  fasten 
finger-bar  in  position  when  fplded.  A  loose  or 
rigid  tongue  as  desired,  without  stopping. 

Another  peculiar  feature  is  the  raising  or 
lowering  of  the  points  of  the  guards  or  fingers 
without  stopping,  giving  them  any  pitch  or  an- 
gle to  suit  the  grass  or  ground.  The  driver's 
seat  is  also  a  lever  to  command  the  heel  of  the 
cutter  bar  raising  or  lowering  it  at  pleasure;  and 
as  if  to  make  it  a  more  perfect  machine  over 
others,  it  possesses  a  device  expressly  applica- 
ble to  California  machines,  by  which  the  con- 
necting rod  or  pitman  will  take  up  its  own 
wear  thus  preventing  all  shake  or  jar  and  break- 
ing of  the  knives. 

Our  illustration  represents  it  as  a  mower, 
but  it  possesses  the  combined  feature  of  reaper 
or  mower,  and  with  the  "Baltimore"  self-rake 
attachment,  becomes  as  claimed  by  the  proprie- 
tor, the  most  perfect  reaper  the  world  has  ever 
seen. 


San  Diego  Mines. — Dispatches  from  San 
Diego  state  that  at  Julian  City,  last  week,  the 
mill  of  De  Frees,  after  a  run  of  eleven  days  on 
one  hundred  and  fifty  tons  of  rock  from  the 
Owen's  mine,  was  cleaned  up,  the  result  being 
nine  bars  of  buillion  valued  at  §10,000,  an 
average  of  $66.66  per  ton.  Fifty  tons  of  this 
rock  was  principally  composed  of  casing  rock, 
which  helped  to  lower  the  general  average. 
The  shaft  is  down  now  two  hundred  feet  and  at 
this  depth  a  drift  is  being  run,  the  rock  from 
which  it  is  expected  will  yield  §100  per  ton. 
Twenty-six  tons  of  ore  from  the  Big  Blue  mine 
gave  §1,090  or  an  average  of  $42  per  ton.  The 
mines  in  this  distinct  are  being  developed  rap- 
idly and  most  of  them  show  a  higher  character 
of  ore  as  they  go  down.  A  line  of  stages  will 
shortly  be  put  on  between  Julian  and  Los  An- 
geles. 

The  thermometer  on  Wednesday  at  noon, 
stood  at  72°,  in  this  city. 


time  find  the  orange  groves  of  California  a  pro- 
ductive field  for  material. 

From  reliable  authority  we  find  and  refer  to  a 
few  facts  connected  with  the  orange  waters  and 
the  manufacturers  of  the  same.  Two  distinct 
odors  are  procured  from  the  orange  blossom 
varying  according  to  the  different  methods  used 
for  its  distillation  and  production.  To  the 
manufacturer  this  difference  of  perfume  from  the 
same  flower  is  a  great  advantage,  and  is  a  fact 
worthy  of  investigation  by  the  chemical  philos- 
opher. Doubtless  this  peculiarity  belongs  to 
all  fruit  blossoms. 

When  orange  flowers  are  distilled  with  water 
we  obtain  the  otto  of  the  blossom,  which  is 
known  as  the  Oil  of  Neroli;  this  Neroli  produced 
from  the  citrus  auranlmm,  is  considered  the  fin- 
est quality.  The  next  quality  is  from  the  Seville 
orange,  called  "bigaradid,"  this  and  the  "neroli 
petale"  are  used  to  an  enormous  extent  in  the 
manufacture  of  "Eau  de  Cologne,"  and  other 
choice  perfumes. 

Essence  of  orange,  or,  as  it  is  called,  "Essence 
of  Portugal,"  is  obtained  from  the  peel  of  the 
fruit,  and  is  produced  by  distillation.  The 
peel  is  rasped  in  order  to  break  the  sacs  that 
hold  the  otto;  this  otto  will  ignite  with  a  bril- 
liant combustion.  It  is  used  universally  in 
perfumery,  and  is  the  main  ingredient  in  Lis- 
bon water.  The  Los  Angeles  orange  contains 
more  otto  in  its  sacs  than  the  Isthmus  or  Tahiti 
orange.  Experts  in  perfumery  manufacturing 
say  that  nowhere  in  the  world  are  there  better 
facilities  for  this  trade  than  is  offered  in  South- 
ern California. 

There  is  also  a  constantly  increasing  demand 
for  perfumery,  made  by  the  soap,  cream, 
pomade  and  oil  manufacturers.  All  absorbent 
powders  require  delicate  and  expensive  flavors. 
The  citron-lemon  of  California  possesses  a  deli- 


cious perfume,  and  the  oil  is  even  superior  in 
e\  r tv  particular  to  the  orange. 

The  almond  flourishes  in  lower  Colifornia 
better  than  in  other  climates,  and  the  value  of 
its  oil,  and  the  universal  use  of  its  perfume,  is 
too  well  known  to  be  repeated.  Of  the  flowers 
we  particularly  observe  the  heliotrope  and  the 
rose;  the  flowers  bloom  heavily,  and  are  more 
heavily  charged  with  odors  than  those  of  more 
northern  growth.  If  the  floral  varieties  neces- 
sary for  oil  and  perfumery  manufacturing  pur- 
poses were  cultivated  and  grown  in  view  of  such 
supply  and  demund,  the  results  in  Southern 
California  would  astonish  the  world.  The  only 
attention  given  now  is  to  door-yard  growths  and 
ornament;  but  if  hundreds  of  those  rich  acres 
were  given  to  flower-planting  for  commercial 
purposes,  we  might  challenge  the  world  to  vie 
with  us  in  the  production  and  value  of  the 
same. 

The  quantity  of  otto  yielded  by  one  or  more 
of  such  plants  as  are  native  to  Los  Angeles  may 
be  given  here  for  the  purpose  of  showing  what 
value  could  be  placed  on  the  same  if  manufac- 
tured at  home: 

Orange  peel,  10  lbs.  yield,  of  otta 1  oz. 

Almond,         14        "  "       1  oz. 

Geranium  leaves,  100  lbs.      "      2  oz. 

Peppermint  (herb),  100  lbs.  "       4  oz. 

Lavender  flowers,  100  lbs.      "       ...  .30  oz. 

This  is  a  list  of  only  a  few  plants,  but  suffi- 
cient to  show  the  product  of  each  variety.  The 
otto  of  lavender  is  now  manufactured  or  pro- 
duced almost  exclusively  by  the  French.  Tur- 
key, Hindostan,  Africa  and  England  produce 
the  majority  of  our  essence  and  handkerchief 
perfumes.     Tonguin  furnishes  the  musk. 

Lavender,  jasmine,  orange  and  rose  are  the 
leading  combinations  of  commercial  perfumes 
and  waters. 

The  Novelty  Glass  Cutter. 

The  little  device  shown  in  the  cut  is  intended 
to  take  the  place  of  the  more  expensive  diamond 
glass  cutter  now  in  use,  and  will  perform  its 
work  as  readily  and  with  equal  exactness,  while 
the  original  cost  is  much  less.    The  indentures 


shown  are  of  different  sizes  for  different  weights 
of  glass.  The  cutter  is  a  small  piece  of  car- 
bonized steel  which  revolves  on  a  pin  at  the 
end  of  the  handle.  It  is  easily  managed  and 
requires  much  less  skill  than  the  diamond 
point  for  the  exactness  of  position  does  not 
matter  so  mnch.  The  roller  is  placed  on  a 
piece  of  cast  iron  which  is  all  in  one  piece,  so 
there  is  no  danger  of  the  handle  becoming 
loose  and  rickety. 

This  machine  will  be  found  very  useful,  from 
its  cheapness,  in  the  country  where  glass  can  be 
cut  and  fitted  without  waiting  for  a  glazier  to 
come  around.  In  fact,  a  little  tool  like  this  is 
invaluable,  and  should  be  [in  every  household, 
for  its  applications  are  numerous  and  its  cost 
very  little.  Weister  &  Co.,  No.  17  New  Mont- 
gomery street,  will  send  sample  cutters  to  any 
address,  post  paid,  for  75  cents  in  stamps. 

Nevada  County  Mines. 

Our  correspondent,  L.  P.  Mc,  in  his  re- 
cent notes  of  Travel  in  Nevada  County, 
omitted  to  mention  Brown's  Cement  Claim, 
which  is  one  of  the  first-class  claims  in 
the  vicinity  of  You  Bet.  It  is  owned  by 
Judge  G.  S.  Brown  and  is  located  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  south  of  You  Bet,  and 
south  of  and  adjoining"  the  claims  of  the 
English  Company,  or  Birdseye  Creek  G . 
M.  Co.  The  main  channel  cuts  it  from 
northeast  and  southwest.  It  contains 
about  24  acres  of  mining  ground.  About 
one  quarter  of  the  surface  has  been 
washed  to  within  50  feet  of  the  bed  rock 
and  one  quarter  of  the  bed-rock  has  been 
drifted  over.  At  present  it  is  not  being 
worked  but  when  it  was  worked  it  paid  as 
well  as  the  best  in  the  county. 

The  outlet  to  this  celebrated  claim  is 
through  "Wilcox's  ravine.  Mr.  Brown 
owns  about  4,000  feet  of  this  ravine  and 
through  it,  eventually,  all  that  portion  of 
tho  Birdseye  Creek  G.  M.  Co.'s  ground 
underlying  the  town  of  You  Bet  will  have 
to  be  worked.  From  1,500  to  2,000  acres 
more  of  mining  ground  lying  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Chalk  Bluff  will  have  to  be  worked 
through  the  same  ravine.  This  claim  has 
been  worked  successfully  since  1865  and 
up  to  July  1870  over  $600,000  in  gold  was 
taken  from  it.  Mr.  Brown  also  owns  an 
8-stamp  mill  for  crushing  cement,  which 
is  run  by  a  hurdy-gurdy  wheel  using  50 
inches  of  water. 


282 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  4,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


To  Drive  Rats  Away  Without  Poison. 

"We  know  of  three  methods:  First,  the  old 
French  plan;  this  is  followed  chiefly  in  Paris 
by  men  who  make  it  a  special  business.  They 
take  a  deep  tub  with  water  in  the  bottom,  and 
a  little  elevation  in  the  middle  like  an  island, 
on  which  is  only  a  place  for  just  one  rat  to  sit. 
The  top  is  covered,  and  has  a  large  balanced 
valve,  opening  downward;  on  the  middle  of  this 
valve  a  piece  of  fried  pork  or  cheese  is  fixed, 
and  when  a  rat  walks  on  it  to  get  the  cheese, 
the  valve  goes  down,  and  drops  the  rat  in  the 
water,  and  moves  back  into  position.  A  road  is 
made  from  a  rat  hole  to  the  top  of  the  tub  by 
means  of  a  piece  of  board  rubbed  with  cheese, 
so  as  to  make  the  walk  attractive  to  the  rats. 
In  the  course  of  a  single  night  some  ten,  twen- 
ty, or  even  more  rats  may  go  down,  and  if  the 
island  was  not  there  they  would  be  found  most 
all  alive  in  the  morning  quietly  swimming 
around;  but  the  provision  of  the  little  island 
saves  the  trouble  of  killing  them,  because  their 
egotistic  instinct  of  self-preservation  causes 
them  to  fight  for  the  exclusive  possession  of  the 
island,  on  which  in  the  morning  the  strongest 
rat  is  found  in  solitary  possession;  all  the 
others  being  killed  and  drowned  around  him. 

Second,  the  New  York  plan,  invented  by  one 
of  our  friends.  The  floor  near  the  rat  hole  is  cov- 
ered with  a  thin  layer  of  moist  caustic  potassa. 
"When  the  rats  walk  on  this  it  makes  their  feet 
sore ;  then  licking  their  feet  makes  their  mouths 
sore ;  and  the  result  is  that  they  shun  this  local- 
ity, not  alone,  but  to  tell  all  the  rats  in  the 
neighborhood  about  it,  and  eventually  the 
house  is  entirely  abandoned  by  them,  notwith- 
standing the  houses  around  may  be  teeming 
with  rats. 

Third,  the  Dutch  method;  this  is  said  to  be 
used  successfully  in  Holland;  we  have,  howev- 
er, never  tried  it.  A  number  of  rats  are  left 
together  to  themselves  in  a  very  large  trap  or 
cage,  with  no  food  whatever;  their  craving 
hunger  will,  at  last,  cause  them  to  fight,  and 
the  weakest  will  be  eaten  up  by  the  others;  after 
a  short  time  the  fight  is  renewed,  and  the  next 
weakest  is  the  victim,  and  so  it  goes  on  till  one 
strong  rat  is  left.  "When  this  one  has  eaten  the 
last  remains  of  any  of  the  others,  it  is  set  loose; 
the  animal  has  now  acquired  such  a  taste  for 
rat-flesh  that  he  is  the  terror  of  ratdom,  going 
round  seeking  what  rat  he  may  devour.  In  an 
incredible  short  time  the  premises  are  aban- 
doned by  all  others,  which  will  not  come  back 
before  the  cannibal  rat  has  left  or  has  died. 


Composition  of  "Worcestekshire  Sauce. — 
"White  vinegar,  15  gallons;  walnut  catsiipj  10 
gallons;  Madeira  wine,  5  gallons;  mushroom 
catsup,  10  gallons;  table  salt,  25  pounds;  Can- 
ton soy,  4  gallons;  powdered  capsicum,  2 
pounds;  powdered  allspice,  1  pound;  powdered 
coriander  seeds,  1  pound;  cloves,  mace,  and 
cinnamon,  of  each  %  a  pound;  assafcetida,  % 
pound,  dissolved  in  brandy,  1  gallon.  Boil 
20  pounds  of  hog's  liver  in  10  gallons  of  water, 
for  12  hours,  renewing  the  water  from  time  to 
time.  Take  out  the  liver,  chop  it,  mix  with 
water,  and  work  it  through  a  sieve ;  mix  with 
the  sauce. 

Imitation  No. 1, — "White  vinegar,  240  gallons; 
Canton  soy,  36  gallons;  sugar  house  syrup,  30 
gallons;  walnut  catsup,  50  gallons;  mushroom 
catsup,  50  gallons;  table  salt}  120  pounds;  pow- 
dered capsicum,  15  pounds;  allspice,  7  pounds; 
cloves,  mace,  and  cinnamon,  of  each  4  pounds; 
coriander,  7  pounds;  assafoetida,  2%  pounds; 
dissolved  in  St.  Croixrum,  1  gallon. 

Imitation  No.  2. — "White  vinegar,  1  gallon; 
Canton  soy,  1  pint;  molasses  1  pint;  walnut 
catsup,  1%  pints;  table  salt,  4  ounces; powdered 
capsicum,  1  ounce ;  allspice,  1  ounce ;  coriander 
%  ounce;  cloves,  %  ounce;  mace,  %  ounce; 
cinnamon,  G  drachms;  assafcetida,  %  ounce;  in 
rum  4  ounces;  mix. 

Imitation  No.  3. — Take  port  wine  and  mush- 
room catsup,  of  each  1  quart;  walnut  pickle,  1 
pint;  soy,  %  pint;  pounded  anchovies,  % 
pound;  fresh  lemon  peel,  minced  shallots,  and 
horse  radish,  each  2  ounces;  allspice  and  black 
pepper,  bruised,  each  1  ounce,  i,or  currie  pow- 
der, %  ounce),  digestif  or  14  days,  strain,  and 
bottle. 


Fastening  Loose  Window  Sashes. — The 
most  convenient  way  to  prevent  loose  window 
sashes  from  rattling  unpleasantly  when  the 
wind  blows  is  to  niake  four  one  sided  buttons 
of  wood,  and  screw  them  to  the  stops  which  are 
nailed  to  the  face  casings  of  the  window,  mak- 
ing each  button  of  proper  length  to  press  the 
side  of  the  sash  outwards  when  the  end  of  the 
button  is  turned  down  horizontally.  The  but- 
tons operate  like  a  cam.  By  having  them  of 
the  correct  length  to  crowd  the  sills  of  the 
sash  outwards  against  the  outer  stop  of  the 
window  frame,  the  sash  will  not  only  be  held 
so  firmly  that  it  cannot  rattle,  but  the  crack 
which  admitted  dust  and  a  current  of  cold  air 
will  be  closed  so  tightly  that  no  window  strips 
will  be  required.  The  buttons  should  be  placed 
about  half  way  from  the  upper  to  the  lower 
end  of  each  stile  of  the  sashes. — Industrial 
Monthly. 

Snow  Balls. — One  cup  of  sugar,  two  eggs, 
four  tablespoonfuls  of  niilk,  one  teaspoonful 
of  cream  of  tartar,  one  teaspoonful  of  soda  if  the 
milk  is  sour,  if  sweet  one-half  teaspoonful,  flour 
enough  to  roll  into  balls.  Fry  in  lard,  dip  in 
the  white  of  an  egg,  then  white  sugar  till  white 
all  over. 


Filters  and  Filtering. 

Water,  wine,  spirits,  jelly,  syrup,  tinctures, 
and  a  great  variety  of  other  fluids,  hot  and  cold, 
often  contain  substances  which  should  be  sep- 
arated, in  order  to  render  the  fluid  clear  and 
bright.  As  regards  water  filtering,  it  has  be- 
come pretty  general:  but  in  domestic  life  there 
are  fluids,  such  as  wine,  liquid  jelly,  syrup,  etc., 
which  are  required  to  be  made  "clear"  before 
they  are  put  on  the  table.  There  are  three 
kinds  of  filters — sponge  for  watery  liquids,  cot- 
ton for  spirituous  fluids,  and  wool  for  gelatin- 
ous fluids  and  oils.  In  every  well  appointed 
kitchen,  there  are  tin  or  porcelain  funnels.  For 
filtering  watery  fluids  it  is  only  necessary  to  in- 
sert, in  the  choke  of  the  funnel,  a  V  shaped 
piece  of  fine  sponge.  All  such  liquids,  on  be- 
ing put  into  the  funnel,  will  pass  through  the 
sponge,  and  become  quite  clear.  "When  this 
effect  ceases  the  sponge  must  be  removed,  and 
well  cleansed.  Vinous  fluids  are  best  cleared 
by  filtering  through  a  cone  of  white  blotting 
paper,  shapped  by  folding  a  square  piece  of 
paper  from  corner  to  corner,  then  folding  the 
triangle  into  half  its  size,  and  opening  the  folds; 
it  will  fit  any  funnel,  which  will  act  as  a  sup- 
port to  the  paper. 

Wines,  etc.,  pouredinto  this,  will  run  through 
perfectly  bright.  In  some  cases  where  the  wine 
is  only  a  little  thick  from  lees,  cork,  or  other 
mechanically  suspended  substance,  it  can  be 
made  quite  clear  by  filtering  through  a  wad  of 
white  cotton  put  in  the  choke  of  the  funnel; 
and  when  this  answers,  it  is  much  quicker  than 
the  paper  filter.  For  jelly  and  oil,  wool  alone 
is  the  proper  medium  for  filtering.  The  felted 
wool  jelly  bag  is  pretty  well  known  as  the  best 
means  of  clearing  calves'  foot  jelly,  and  it  also 
answers  for  olive  and  other  oil.  These  bags  are, 
however,  too  expensive  to  be  generally  used; 
hence  they  are  rarely  seenin  kitchens.  A  good 
substitute  for  the  wool  bag  is  a  colander,  on  the 
inside  of  which  a  new  flannel  lining  chould  be 
fitted,  made  of  double  stuff.  A  wad  of  white 
knitting  wool,  put  in  the  choke  of  a  funnel, 
will  do  to  filter  any  small  portion  of  such  fluids, 
lln ny  a  good  glass  of  port  wine  has  been  wasted 
for  the  want  of  a  penny  paper  filter. 


To  Make  Chutney. — Indian  chutney  is  a 
compound  of  mangoes,  chillies,  and  limejiuce, 
with  some  portion  of  other  native  fruits,  such 
as  tamarinds,  etc.,  the  flavor  being  *hightened 
by  garlic.  For  family  use  the  following  receipt 
will  be  found  very  suitable:  Chillies,  lib.  to 
l%ft>s.  ;  apples,  IS).  ;  red  tamarinds,  2ft>s.  ; 
sugar  candy,  lib.;  fresh  ginger-root,  11)3.;  garlic, 
%I).  to  %t>.\  sultana  raisins,  l%ft>.;  fine  salt 
lib.;  distilled  vinegar,.  5  bottles.  The  chillies 
are  to  be  soaked  for  an  hour  in  the  vinegar,  and 
the  whole  ground  with  a  stone  and  muller  to  a 
paste.  Here  is  another  receipt  which  may  be 
depended  upon  for  making  an  excellent  chut- 
ney:— lib.  salt;  lib.  mustard  seed;  lib.  stoned 
raisins;  lib.  brown  sugar;  12ozs.  garlic;  Gozs. 
cayenne  pepper;  2  quarts  unripe  gooseberies; 
and  2  quarts  best  vinegar.  The  mustard  seed 
should  be  gently  dried  and  bruised,  and  the 
sugar  made  into  a  syrup  with  a  pint  of  the 
vinegar;  the  gooseberries  dried  and  boiled  in  a 
quart  of  the  vinegar;  the  garlic  to  be  well  bruis- 
ed in  a  mortar.  "When  cold,  gradually  mix  the 
whole  in  a  mortar,  and  with  the  remaining 
vinegar  thoroughly  amalgamate  them.  To  be 
tied  down  close;  the  longer  kept  the  better. 


Sea  "Water  in  Bread-Making. — It  was  stated 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Science  of  Paris 
that  while  excellent  bread  can  be  made  with 
sea  water,  and  that  this  forms  a  good  tonic, 
soup  or  broth  made  with  sea  water  is  entirely 
uneatable.  It  would  appear  that  the  chloride 
of  magnesium  in  the  sea  water  is  raised  to  a 
temperature,  during  the  process  of  baking,  suf- 
ficiently high  to  effect  its  destruction,  and 
thereby  cause  its  peculiar  taste  to  disappear, 
which  is  not  the  case  when  boiled,  as  for 
soup.  If,  however,  cane-sugar  is  added  to  the 
soup,  a  compound  is  said  to  be  formed  of  the 
sugar  with  the  chlorides,  which  has  not  the  dis- 
agreeable taste  of  the  latter. 


To  Detect  the  Adulteration  of  Wines. — 
The  adulteration  of  wines  with  cider  can  easily 
be  detected  by  filtering  and  adding  ammonia  in 
excess.  The  apple  juice  will  immediately  de- 
posit crystals  on  the  side  of  the  test  tube. 
Genuine  wine  sheds  a  pulverulent  deposit 
which  does  not  adhere  to  the  glass,  and  is  de- 
void of  a  crystalline  structure.  Acetic  acid 
will  dissolve  either  of  these  precipitates.  The 
deposit  from  the  cider  consists  of  flat  crystals 
with  parallel  sides ;  that  from  wine  tshows  star- 
shaped  formations.  The  treatment  with  acetic 
acid  shows  the  presence  of  lime  and  phosphoric 
acid  in  both  cases,  the  quantity  of  lime  in  the 
wine  being  minute. 

Curing  of  Hams  and  Bacon. — In  curing  hams 
and  bacon  it  will  be  found  very  advantageous 
to  use  the  same  quantity  of  common  soda  as  of 
saltpeter — one  ounce  and  a  half  of  each  to 
fourteen  pounds  of  ham  or  a  piece  of  bacon, 
using  the  usual  quantity  of  salt.  The  soda 
prevents  that  hardness  in  the  lean  of  the  bacon 
which  is  so  often  found,  and  keeps  it  quite 
mellow  all  through,  besides  being  a  preventive 
of  rancidity.  This  receipt  has  been  very  ex- 
tensively tried  for  fifteen  years,  and  invariably 
approved  of. 

Sour  Cream  Biscuits.  Sift  one  teaspoonful 
each  of  salt  and  soda  into  one  quart  of  flour, 
in  the  bread  pan.  Have  ready  one  pint  of  sour 
cream,  beat  one  egg  and  add  to  the  cream,  stir, 
roll  and  cut,  and  bake  as  quickly  as  possible. 


Sleep  and  Lodging. 

Next  to  food  comes  lodging.  To  secure  a  com- 
fortable bed  is  to  the  greater  part  of  mankind 
still  a  desideratum — and  yet  any  man  of  ordin- 
ary capacity  may  himself  make  the  foundation 
for  an  excellent  one  with  a  few  hours'  labor. 
When  we  reflect  on  the  importance  of  sleep,  the 
time  thus  spent  will  not  appear  wasted.  Without 
sleep  insanity  is  certain.  Nearly  one-third  of 
life  must  be  passed  in  sleep.  Why  we  are  thus 
constituted  is  not  to  the  present  purpose . 
What  relation  the  hours  of  sleep  hold  to  the  in- 
clination of  the  earth's  axis,  or  if  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  planet  Mars  sleep,  we  shall  not 
stop  now  to  inquire.  It  is  enough,  with  Sancho 
Panza,  to  invoke  blessings  on  the  man  that  in- 
vented sleep— "it  covers  one  so  like  a  blanket," 
"tired  nature's  sweet  restorer,  balmy  sleep,1' 
descending  as  it  does  "like  tired  eyelids  over 
tired  eyes." 

How  strange  it  is  that  in  this  decade  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  we  should  first  be  able  to 
conrpel  the  attendance,  certainly  and  securely, 
of  sleep — to  realize  the  truth  of  the  fable  of 
Lethean  waters.  Opium  gave  us  this  boon  at 
the  expense  of  a  feverish  reaction;  morphine 
promised  it,  but  failed  in  the  performance; 
chloroform  gave  it,  but  at  a  serious  risk.  How 
suddenly  chloral  has  come  into  use!  Almost 
as  quickly  as  the  shades  of  night,  which  it  so 
aptly  represents,  has  this  invention  crossed  the 
Atlantic  on  downy  pinions  to  visit  the  abodes 
of  American  care  and  distracting  brain  labor. 
This  is  the  veritable  angel  of  sleep.  Of 
the  bed-bottoms  conducive  to  sleep :  The 
foundation  of  the  superstructure  should  be 
firm,  open,  elastic,  noiseless;  affording  no  har- 
bor to  insect  denizens.  It  is  of  no  conse- 
quence to  the  prominent  hip-bones  and  short 
ribs  of  an  emaciated  sleeper,  whether  they  are 
a  few  inches  more  or  less  distant  from  the  floor; 
but  it  is  of  consequence  that  the  prominent 
portions  of  the  body  should  find  for  themselves 
corresponding  depressions  in  the  supporting 
medium,  thus  extending  the  surface  of  contact 
and  avoiding  chafing. — Ex 

A  Handy  Kitchen. — The  other  day  we  went 
into  a  model  kitchen.  Between  it  and  the 
dining-room  a  small  passage  served  as  a  closet, 
and  also  to  keep  all  odors  of  the  kitchen  from 
reaching  the  dining-table.  On  one  side  of  the 
kitchen  was  a  large  range,  beyond  that  a  sink 
with  hot  and  cold  water  leading  into  it,  and  a 
waste-pipe  from  it.  At  the  end  of  the  room, 
between  two  windows,  screened  to  prevent  the 
ingress  of  flies,  stood  a  long  work-table,  with  a 
series  of  drawers.  On  the  other  side  of  the 
room  were  two  stationary  tubs,  each  with 
faucets  for  hot  and  cold  water  and  a  discharge 
pipe.  Hinged  covers  made  an  ironing  table 
firm  and  ample. 

Just  beyond  the  sink  a  door  opened  into  the 
pantry,  a  room  four  by  ten,  with  a  window,  a 
shelf  running  round  three  sides  of  it,  wide  and 
high  enough  to  cover  barrels  of  flour,  sugar, 
and  meal. 

At  one  end  of  the  space  beneath  this  shelf 
was  filled  with  deep  drawers  for  towels,  table- 
cloths, the  ironing  blanket,  starch  and  blueing, 
each  iu  appropriate  place.  The  housewife 
needed  but  a  step  in  there  and  find  everything 
at  hand  necessary  to  prepare  food  for  the  table. 
No  running  up  stairs  for  meal  and  flour,  no 
getting  ready  to  make  bread,  or  pies,  or  cake  ; 
pans  are  close  by;  spices  in  neat  boxes  at  her 
elbow;  coffee-mill,  with  a  little  shelf  under  it  to 
hold  the  cup,  was  screwed  over  the  window  cas- 
ing. What  hardships  are  there  in  doing  work 
in  such  a  kitchen? — Ex. 

Raised  Crutt  for  Pies. — Some  persons  can- 
not eat  rich  pastry,  and  for  their  benefit  I  will 
give  a  plain  recipe.  Take  one  pound  of  flour, 
three  ounces  of  butter,  one  tablespoonful  good 
yeast,  and  milk  to  form  a  dough.  Rub  the 
butter  in  flour,  add  the  milk  and  yeast,  and  set 
to  rise.  When  light,  roll  out  pretty  thin,  and 
line  the  plates.  Put  in  the  fruit,  roll  out  the 
cover,  and  set  the  pies  in  a  quick  oven.  This 
makes  good  crust. 

To  Keep  Dried  Fruit  Free  from  Worms. — 
Housekeepers  and  others  are  much  troubled  to 
keep  their  dried  fruit  free  from  worms.  A  co- 
temporary  says  that  a  handful  of  sassafras  bark 
sprinkled  through  a  bushel  of  fruit  is  a  preven- 
tive from  this  pest.  Has  any  one  ever  tried 
it?  

How  to  Stop  a  Pinhole  in  a  Lead  Pipe. — 
Take  a  ten-penny  nail,  place  the  square  end 
upon  the  hole,  and  hit  it  two  or  three  slight 
blows  with  a  hammer,  and  the  orifice  is  closed 
as  tight  as  though  youhad  employed  a  plumber 
to  do  it  at  a  cost  of  a  dollar  or  more. 

Cheap  Cake. — Chop  a  cupful  of  fat  pork  and 
pour  on  it  a  cupful  of  boiling  water,  add  a  cup- 
ful of  molasses;  boil  a  few  minutes,  and  add 
salt,  soda,  spice,  (cloves  are  best,)  and  flour 
for  a  batter.     Bake  in  one  loaf. 

The  very  best  way  to  clean  a  stained  steel 
knife  is  to  cut  a  solid  potato  in  two,  dip  one  of 
the  pieces  in  brick  dust  (such  as  is  usuallyused 
for  knife  cleaning),  and  rub  the  blade   with  it. 


Johnnycake. — Beat  one  egg,  add  one  cup  of 
sour  milk,  one  cup  of  sweet  milk,  one  tea- 
spoonful of  soda,  from  one  to  three  tablespoon- 
fids  of  molasses,  salt,  and  stir  quite  soft. 

Hog's  hair  is  recommended  for  hen's  nests 
by  a  correspondent  of  the  World.  He  says 
hens  setting  in  these  nests  have  never  been  in- 
fested with  lice. 

The  richer  a  man  makes  his  food,  the  poorer 
he  makes  his  appetite. 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  International  Exbi 
hibition  of  1862  awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold 
Medal  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fail-,  1871,  of  San 
Francisco. 

REMOVAL. 

This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  bo  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  5v24-3amslamrly 

Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

—  AND  — 

"WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre),  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr,  kegs,  B  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  J3  lb.  caniBters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  U  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  3tf  lb.  and  hi 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal..  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  fall  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brand6,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  Rxplode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's  Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved, 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 
5v24-6ni-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


W    &    L    AXLE    GREASE. 


Tne  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  ATT/R  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  teahs,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  articlo,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H  &,  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A    KATE 
As  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBE.RT 
Invite  all  who  desire  a  FirstclaBs  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Tears  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the  H  & 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  L 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v2i-eowr 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.    AddreBS 
fi-v2i-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings,  Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons ur  corporations  in 
^  the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure    good    satisfac- 

EDW.    W.    TIFFT, 
No.  G2G  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco 


May  4,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


283 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.   BENNETT, 
statistic;  ia.it. 

R«I«>rt*  »nd  r»tim*t««  made  aboat  all  d.^rtrarnta  ot 
Production,  Commerce,  and  Manufacture,  of  the  Pacific 
Uoaat.  5rt*-lf 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Surgreon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  101  Stockton  street San  Francisco,  Cal. 

B7~  SutkI'"*1    can**  from   the  country    received   and 
tn-atcd  at  the  Homeopathic  Hospital. 
All  ktUTB  auawertxl  promptly. 


(11LKS    li.  OK  AT.  J*MK3   M.    SATIS. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COUNSELUUS  AT  LAW, 

in  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co..  N.   E.  corner  Call* 

lornlaano  LeldesdortT  streets, 

SAK  yRANCICO. 


Spectacles    My    Specialty. 

O.  MULLER.  Optician. 
205  Montgomery  utreet,  Hubs  Block. 


JOHN   ROACH,    Optician, 

429    Montgomery    Street, 

8.  Vf.  corner  Sacramento. 

Surveying  Instrument!*  metJc,  repaired  and  adjusted 

22vl7-3m 

N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

sclioi.L     SA.WYEK, 

No.  483  Brannan  Street San  Fbancisco. 

And  No.  0  Q  St.,  bet.  Firnl  and  Second, 


STEVE\S0\S  PATEXT    MOULD  B0.1KD    AMALGAMATING   PAX. 


This  Pan  is  far  superior  to  all 
others  in  several  important  particu- 
lars. The  grinding  mailers  are  near  -«■ 
the  center,  requiring  lees  power. 
The  plow-shaped  grooves  raise  the 
quicksilver  with  the  pulp  regularly, 
with  less  power,  without  violence, 
uud  with  better  amalgamating  ef  ^ 
feet,  besides  admitting  of  a  larget 
charge.  The  ioeliucd-shapcd  hous- 
ings of  tho  muller-pluto  openings 
efficiently  force  the  pulp  directly 
under  the  mullers. 


It  has  been  constantly  running 
for  over  eight  months,  and  has 
proved,  in  competition,  to  produce 
a  higher  percentage  of  bullion, 
with  less  power  and  with  great 
saving  of  quicksilver,  over  any 
other  pan  in  use.  It  is  simple  in 
construction  and  operation,  and 
cheaper  in  first  cost  and  economy 


•2\  vJ:t-tf 


Sachasii  NTO. 


M.    BiltTLIMi, 


DKNHY    KIMBALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Eulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

.'.<).>  tiny  alructt  (nouthwt'91  cor.  Sausouie), 
1Sv12-3ui  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


8A.IV    rBANClSCO 

COBDAS E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.     AIbo,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropeg 
of  any  Bizo  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  A  CO.,  Agents, 

26  611  and  613  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  Mission  street,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  nf  Millwright  Work, 
especially  to  the  erection  of  FLOUR  MILLS.  DLSTTL- 
LhRIKS,  etc.     Aim.,  (Jogging  Mill   mid  Ktcumshtp  Wheels. 

Manufacturers  of  NasilB  Qntte  l_ir;iio  .Separators.  Build- 
ers of  Improved  Hydraulic  Wine  Presses,  Grape  Stemmera 
and  OroHners,  etc.  15v*2J-Gm 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

8EAL      E  3V  G  K  A.  "V  E  R, 

_YM»  LETTEK  CTTTEK, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  008  Sacramento  street, 

Ban  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FKASCI8CO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LETI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 


BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

26v20-qy 


Hydraulic    Miners,      Attention ! 


Manufactured  at  the  Golden  State  Iron  Works  (Oo-operative),  19  Pirst  street,  S.  F. 

Where  it  can  be  examined  and  further  particulars  be  learned  ;  or  persons  may  apply  to  the  Inventor  and  pat- 
entee, Mr.  C.  C.  STEVENSON,  at  the  Douglas  Hine„GoLD  Hux,  State  of  Nevada,  where  the  Pans  have  long 
been  in  constant  operation.  15v20-lmr,laintf 


CARS, 

JLIQHT,     STRONG     AND     ELEGANT. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOB— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    znado 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FEANCISCO. 
25v23-tf 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

IMONEEH 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


Omnibuses     of     Every     Style. 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  Bending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 


25v23-eow-2Gt 


JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


HYDEAULIO     CHIEF. 


No.    341    KEARNY    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Paciflo  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  andRepaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  A»;ra ffe  Pianos 
GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let-  S|p5~ji 

A.    HEYMAN, 

I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mald-tl  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Saohamento. 


FISHER'S 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 

IS  THB 

Cheapest  and   BcBt 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OKDEE, 

to    throw    from. 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch. 

STREA  M. 


If  you  wish  to  keep  up  with  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR.  These  aru  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Patent,  and  infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  sine  to  suit.  Are  in  use  under 
all  pressures,  from  445  feet  down. 

WILL  DISCHARGE  FULLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  "WATER  than  uny  other,  under  the 
Borne  ctrenmstanoefl. 

An  injunction  from  the  IT.  S.  District  Court  Is  now  in 
force  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  using 
the  same  will  be  duly  prosecuted. 

I  fully  guarantee  my  I'ustOHicra  against  aU  damages 
for  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  k  CORY,  MaryBvUlej  J.  H.  NASH.Pla- 
cerville;  F.  SMITH,  at  Locke  i  Montague's  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN.  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Solo  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,  under  Allenwood'a, 

Masey's,  Rice's,  Craig's,  and  Hoskin's  Patents. 
lCv2*tf 

The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   «14    CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MI1VIIVG, 

And    BLASTIN« 

P  O  W  D  E  B  , 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  receivd  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  tho  consumer  witbin  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  aud  is  inevety 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold    Medals 

Ry  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY    for   the    superiority    of    oui 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  oui 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  bebt  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  thiB  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 

THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBTJRGr,   PA., 

Solo  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builderB  ot  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Glimmers, 
Etc.,  Etc 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  S16,  $30,  $50,  $76,   and  $110.    DIAMOND  TURN- 
ma  TOOLS,  $16  each. 


SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From   40   cents   to   $113   each. 

Every  IKON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  "Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  riles,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  Ms  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 


The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
0v23-tf  Address  Tf.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

118  Front  6treet,  San  Fbanoisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Ho6e,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Bound  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Bubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 


12vt3-3m 


J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


HYDEAULIO  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE-I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  B.  & 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hosfein,  as  the  samo  is  an  infringement  upon  tho  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1370.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.Y,    RICHARD  H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 
MICROSCOPES. 


Illustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Mag-ic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  40  Nassau  strcot,  New  York 

3v23-ly 


City    and.   County    Surveyor. 


Office— Room  10,  City  Hall. 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-   WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-Sm 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 

of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  610  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 

13v24-3m  

jSr-  BCY  BARBER'S   BIT  BRACE.  _<BSI 


284 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  4,  1872. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Paupek  M.  Co. — April  18.  Location:  War 
Eagle  Mountain,  Carson  District  Owyhee  coun- 
ty, Territory  of  Idaho.  Capital  stock  $1,600,- 
000,  in  16.000  shares,  Trustees:  M.  D.  Town- 
send,  A.  H.  Lissak,  Jr.,  David  Fay,  J.  W.  Cole- 
man and  George  W.  Beaver. 

Alaska  M.  Co. — April  18.  Location :  Gold 
Hill  District.  Capital  stock,  $1,500,000,  in  30,- 
000  shares.  Trustees:  A.  P.  Forbes,  E.  Sker- 
rett  and  H.  H.  Flagg. 

Abxansas'  M.  Co.— April  18.  Location :  Ely 
Mining  District,  Nevada.  Trustees:  B.  F. 
Sides,  J.  Valentine,  F.  L.  A.  Pioche  and  Alex- 
ander Lascelle. 

Union  Consolidated  S.  M.  Co.^April  l'J. 
Location:  Virginia  District,  Storey  county, 
Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,000,000,  in  20,000 
shares.  Trustees:  Geo.  D.  Koberts,  A.  E. 
Head,  J.  J.  Hucks,  S.  W.  Lee  and  M.  B. 
French. 

Washoe  S.  M.  Co. — April  19.  Location :  Gold 
Hill  District,  Storey  county,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $2,000,000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trustees: 
Wm.  J.  Williams,  A.  C.  Ellis,  Geo.  D.  Koberts, 
W.  G.  Wayman  and  Thomas  J.  L.  Smiley. 

Eclipse,  Winters  and  Pluto  Gold  Hill 
Consolidated  M.  Co. — April  20.  Location: 
Gold  Hill  Mining  District.  Capital  stock  $2,- 
000,000,in  20,000 shares.  Trustees:  H.H.  Flagg, 
B.  F.  Morrow,  Charles  Foreman,  John  Skea  and 
E.  Hull. 

Amelia  S.  M.  Co. — April  20.  Location:  Ely 
Mining  District.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,000,  in 
30,000  shares.  Trustees:  E.  B.  Bail,  C.  M. 
Gilmore  and  N.  C.  Fassett. 

Hamilton  M.  M.  Co. — April  20.  Location : 
White  Pine  District.  Capital  stock,  $5,000,000, 
in  50,000  shares.  Trustees:  J.  B.  Haggin, 
George  Hearst,  Fred  M.  Eaton,  E.  H.  Lloyd  and 

B.  B.  Minor. 

Dardanelles  M.  Co. — April  20.  Location: 
Storey  county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,400,- 
000,  in  24,000  shares.  Trustees,  Vincent  Ryan, 
O.  C.  McCracken  and  J.  P.  Sharpe. 

Cascade  Blue  Gravel  M.  Co. — April  20.  Lo- 
cation: Nevada  Township,  Nevada  county. 
Capital  stock,  $1,800,000,  in  37,000  shares. 
Trustees — P.  F.  Knox;  James  Scott,  George  H. 
Hallett,  L.  B.  Abemathie  and  Thomas  Nel. 
son. 

Lucin  M.  Co.— April  22.  Location:  Utah 
Territory.  Capital  stock,  $2,000,000,  in  40,000 
shares.  Trustees — S.  B.  Boswell,  J.  Fry, 
W.  P.  Pritchard,  James  Freeborn  and  George 

C.  Shreeve. 

Stanford  M.  Co. — April  22.  Location :  Hum- 
boldt county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,- 
000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— Wm.  Hazel- 
hurst,  Jas.  Dodds,  S.  Huff,  George  M.  Pinney 
and  George  A.  Treadwell. 

Cook  &  Geter  M.  Co. — April  22.  Location: 
Storey  county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,400,- 
000,  in  24,000 shares.  Trustees:  JohnH.  Boalt, 
LouisZanier,  Jr.,  M.  J.  McDonald,  John  H. 
Dall  and  J.  A.  Pritchard. 

Tyler  M.  Co. — April  22.  Location:  Ameri- 
can Flat,  Nevada,  Capital  stock,  $3,300,000,  in 
33,000  shares.  Trustees — Alpheus  Bull,  Henry 
Dutton,  C.  H.  Biu'ton,  H.  H.  Flagg  and  George 

D.  Koberts. 

Occidental  M.  Co. — April  22.  Location: 
Silver  Star  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$4,000,000,  in  4,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  C. 
Flood,  William  Kohl,  John  F.  Miller,  Edward 
Barron  and  Alvinza  Hayward. 

Pictou  M.  Co. — April  22.  Location:  Gold 
HiU,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $1,500,000,  in 
30,000  Bhares.  Trustees— A.  P.  Forbes,  H.  H. 
Flagg  and  E.  Skerritt. 

North  ComstockM.  Co. — April  23.  Location: 
Virginia  District,  Storey  county,  State  of  Ne- 
vada. Capital  stock,  2,400,000,  in  24,000  shares. 
Trustees — A.  V.  Grim,  John  B.  Winters,  S. 
Heydenfeldt,  M.  Morganthau  and  P.J.  White. 

Columbus  M.  Co. — April  23.  Location:  Co- 
lumbus District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $5,- 
000,000,  in  50,000  shares.  Trustees— George 
Hearst,  J.  B.  Haggin,  F.  W.  Eaton,  W.  H.  Che- 
vers  and  O.  C.  McCracken. 

California  Consolidated  M.  Co. — April  24. 
Location:  El  Dorado  county.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000.  Trustees— George  L.  Bradley, 
William  H.  Sears,  M.  D .  Townsend,  E.  N.  Tor- 
rey  and  A.J.  Bryant. 

Louise  M.  Co. — April  24.  Location:  Ely 
District,  Lincoln  county.  Capital,  $6,000,000. 
Trustees — Andrew Kohler,  Watson  Webb,  S.  A. 
Raymond,  S.  A.  Coburn  and  A.  K.  Chase. 

Cedebberg  M.  Co. — April  25.  Location:  El 
Dorado  county,  California.  Capital  stock,  $2,- 
400,000,  in  24,000  shares.  Trustees— Job  M. 
Soamans,  Phillip  F.  Mohrhardt,  John  M.  Fitz- 
gibbon,  James  C.  Pennie  and  Theodore  G. 
Blitz. 

Lady  Bryan  M.  Co. — April  25.  Location: 
Storey  county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,700,- 
000,  in  1,800  shares,  of  $150  each.  Trustees- 
John  P.  Jones,  Edward  Patten,  M.  D.  Town- 
send,  Wm.  H.  Sears  and  W.  F.  Myers. 

Dauphin  M.  Co. — April  25.  Location :  "Butte 
county.  Capital  stock,  $1,200,000,  in  12,000 
shares.  Trustees — K.  C.  Singer,  Samuel  D. 
Kreider,  M.  Herman,  G.  A.  Treadwell  and  M. 
D.  Walbridge. 

Virginia  .and  Gold  Hill  Water  Co.,  April 
26. — Object,  to  purchase  and  hold  water  rights, 
to  buy  lands  for  sites  for  works  and  reservoirs 
for  supplying  mills,  etc.,  with  power  in  Storey 
and  Lincoln  counties,  Nevada,  and  selling 
water  for  domestio  uses.  Capital  stock,  $5,- 
000,000,  in  50,000  shares.  Trustees— Alvinza 
Hayward,  Joseph  A.  Donohoe,  J.  C.  Flood,  A. 


K.  P.  Harmon,  W.  S.  Hobart,  John  Skae  and 
James  G.  Fair. 

Dayton  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.,  April  26  — 
Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,- 
000,000,  into  30,000  shares.  Trustees— A.  K. 
P.  Harmon,  C.  B.  Land,   W.  S.  Hobart,  James 

A.  Pritchard  and  Joseph  Clark. 

McMean  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.,  April  26. — Loca- 
tion, Gold  Hill  district,  Storey  county,  Ne- 
vada. Capital  stock  $3,600,000,  in  36,000 
shares.  Trustees — James  A.  Pritchard,  Wm. 
Hazlehurst,  M.  J.  Henley,  Frank  Wheeler,  and 
S.  A.  Kaymond. 

South  Overman  S.  M.  Co.,  Ainil  27. — Loca- 
tion, Gold  Hill,  Nevada.  Capital  $3,000,000, 
in  shares  of  $100  each.  Trustees — D.  L.  Mc- 
Donald, B.  L.  Schmidt,  J.  Author  Hope,  S.  A. 
Kaymond,  and  Theodore  Phelps. 

Mocking  Bird  M.  Co.,  April  27. — Location, 
Ely  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,- 
000,  in  shares  of  100.     Trustees— J.  D.  Fray,  J. 

B.  E.  Cavallier,  S.  W.  Lee,  Geo.  A.  Treadwell, 
and  Charles  J.  Deering.  - 

Original  Schell  Creek  M.  Co.,  April  27. — 
Location,  State  of  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  4,- 
000,000,  in  shares  of  100.  Trustees— David  L. 
Phillips,  Edward  B.  Pond,  Wm.  Ingraham 
Kipp,  Wm.  D.  Conklin  and  Wm.  H.  Doran. 

Haeloe  M.  and  M.  Co.,  April  27. — Location, 
Mariposa  county.  Capital  stock,  $500,000,  in 
shares  of  $50.  Trustees— W.  Meek,  J.  W. 
Tripp,  A.  Jackson,  P.  A.  Eakins  and  Wm.  P. 
Merriam. 

Plumas  Eureka  M.  Co.,  April  27. — Location, 
Plumas  county,  California.  Capital  stock,  $1,- 
000,000,  in  shares  of  100.  Trustees— W.  F. 
Babcock,  Tiburcio  Parrot,  J.  W.  Gashwiler, 
S.  Heydenfeldt  and  John  Parrot. 

True  Exchequer  M.  Co.,  April  26. — Loca- 
tion, Storey  county.  Capital  stock,  $800,000, 
in  8,000  shares.  Trustees — Charles  Felton, 
Robert  F.  Morrow,  A.  E.  Head,  Robert  Sher- 
wood and  Charles  Forman. 

Tintic  Eureka  S.  M.  Co.,  April  29th.— Loca- 
tion in  Tintic  M.  District,  Utah  Territory.  Cap- 
ital stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees: James  M.  Carter,  Thomas  Marshall,  M.  S. 
Hurd,  H.  S.  Brown  and  J.  F,  Woodman. 

American  FlatM.  Co.,  April  29th. — Location 
in  Gold  Hill  M.  District,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees; 
M.  Morganthau,  John  B.  Winters,  J.  W.  Foard, 
J.  A.  Coolidge  and  A.  K.  Grim. 

The  following  companies  filed  certificates  of 
incorporations  April  30th: 

Petticoat  M.  Co. — Location  in  Railroad 
Flat  M.  District,  Calaveras  county.  Capital 
stock,  $2,000,000,  in  20,000.  Trustees:  J.  C. 
Flood,  John  W.  Mackay,  J.  F.  Boyd,  J.  W. 
Gashwiler  and  C.  Barran. 

Highland  Chief  Co. — Locotion  in  Ophir  M. 
District,  Tooele  county,  Utah  Territory.  Capi- 
tal stock,  $3,000,000,  in  $30,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees:  E.  C.  Catherwood,  A.  J.  Bryant,  E.  B. 
Ruil,  John  W.  Shaw  and  J.  C.  Wadsworth. 

Desdemona  S.  M.  Co. — Location  in  Ely  Dis- 
trict, State  of  Nevada,  or  in  Utah  mines.  Cap- 
ital stock,  $3,200,000,  in  32,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees:Wm.  H.  Kaymond,  Benjamin  F.  Avery, 
Henry  Raymond,  C.  N.  Felton  and  Thomas 
Shannon. 

Ward  Beechee  ConsolidatedM.  &  M.  Co. — 
Location  in  White  Pine  M.  District.  Capital 
stock,  $2,400,000,  in  24,000  shares.  Trustees: 
J.  E.  de  la  Monagnie,  P.  Sherwood,  J.  W. 
Gashwiler,  H.  G.  Blasdel,  A.  Hayward,  W.  B. 
Bourn  and  C.  B.  Land. 

Flowery  M.  Co. — Location  in  Flowery  M, 
District,  Storey  county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees:  James 
A.  Pritchard,  John  W.  McKenny,  H.  H.  Flagg, 
H.  Hazen  and  John  Gehrig. 

Genessee  Valley  M.  Co. — Location  in  Plumas 
county.  Capital  stock,  $2,500,000,  in  25,000 
shares.  Trustees:  D.  L.  McDonald,  H.  C. 
Bidwell,  Andrew  Jackson,  A.  J.  Chambers  and 
Louis  Vosaire. 

Medical  Society  Incorporated. — California 
State  Medical  Society  of  Homeopathic  Practi- 
tioners filed  a  certificate  of  incorporation  April 
30th.  Object,  to  effect  a  harmonious  profes- 
sional co-operation  among  the  practitioners  of 
homeopathy  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  to  acquire 
and  impart  a  knowledge  of  medicine  and  surgery 
generally.  Trustees:  J.  K.  Clark,  J.  S.  Shep- 
ard,  T.  O.  Coxhead,  M.J.  Worder,  S.  Porter, 
J.  Easton  and  W.  N.  Griswold. 

Green  Valley  Blue  Gravel  M.  Co.  ,  May 
1st. — Location  in  Township  No.  8,  Placer  Co. 
Capital  stock,  $1,200,000,  in  24,000  shares. 
Trustees:  E.  J.  Weeks,  A.  D.  Carpenter,  A. 
Peck,  L.  C.  Shearer  and  Joseph  Nuber. 

Teackle  M.  Co.,  May  1st. — Location  in  Gold 
Hill  M.  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$2,800,000,  in  28,000  shares.  Trustees:  E.  B. 
Dorsey,  James  A.  Pritchard,  S.  A.  Raymond, 
James  L.  King  and  James  Flanagan. 

Hartford  M.  Co.,  May  1st. — Location  in 
Gold  Hill  M.  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$2,500,000,  in  25,000  shares.  Trustees:  J.  P. 
Jones,  Nathan  Solomon,  E.  M.  Hall,  Lawson 
J.  Adams  and  Edmond  Pattern. 


A  Swedish  Arctic  Exploring  party  has 
recently  brought  some  remarkable  mete- 
oric stones  from  Greenland,  the  largest  of 
■which  weighs  12  tons,  and  has  a  cross  sec- 
tion of  42  square  feet   in   the  largest  part. 

The  Rock  Island  Mining  Company, 
whoso  property  is  in  Storey  Co.,  Nev., 
have  obtained  a  patent  to  their  mine,  and 
are  about  to  place  their  stock  in  the 
market. 


Ores  Sampled. 

The  following  lots  of  ore  were  sampled  by  J, 
W.  Thurman,  413  and  415  Mission  street  dur- 
ing the  month  of  April:  Two  lots  of  2,108,  and 
165  sacks  of  copper  ore  from  Battle  Mountain, 
Nev.,  and  121  sacks  of  lead  and  silver  ore  from 
same  place;  138  sacks  of  lead  and  silver  ore 
from  Mexico;  314 sacks  of  antimony,  Mill  City; 
from  Arizona  31  sacks  silver  ore  from  Prescott 
District,  40  and  75  sacks  from  Wallapai,  and 
24  from  Clark  District.  From  Arizona  mine, 
Nevada,  58  sacks  silver  ore  and  170  sacks  from 
the  Eureka  mine,  making  in  all  3,344  sacks. 

One  hundred  and  fifty-six  tons  of  copper  ore 
assaying  from  26  to  30  per  cent,  was  shipped  to 
Liverpoolon  owner's  account;160  tons  of  silver 
ore  assaying  from  $200  to  $1,650  per  ton  was 
bought  by  Messrs.  Selby  &  Co.,  and  Cross  & 
Co.  Silver  ores  have  been  coming  in  freely 
from  Arizona,  and  if  we  only  had  quick  and 
cheap  transportation  from  there  we  would 
have  thousands  of  tons  of  good  ores  that  would 
assay  from  $300  to  $2,500  per  ton.  Freight  is 
so  high  and  it  is  so  long  before  the  miners  can 
get  their  returns  that  they  feel  unwilling  to 
make  shipments.  The  freight  at  this  time  costs 
them  about  $100  per  ton,  and  it  takes  from  two 
to  three  months  from  the  time  the  ore  starts 
from  the  mines  before  it  can  reach  San  Fran- 
cisco. As  soon  as  the  ores  arrive  and  can  be 
crushed  and  sampled,  the  shippers  and  Messrs. 
Selby  &  Co.  stand  ready  to  ;buy  and  pay  the 
highest  cash  price  for  all  the  ores  they  can  get. 
The  wonder  is  that  they  ship  at  all  under  such 
disadvantageous  circumstances,  and  a  proof  of 
the  richness  of  the  mines  is  evident  from  the 
fact  of  their  making  any  profit  at  such  high 
rates  of  freight,  etc. 

Copper  ores  are  very  scarce  at  this  time  and 
are  badly  wanted  both  for  shipment  and  for 
the  purpose  of  manufacturing  into  Milestone 
here.  Parties  who  can  ship  such  ores  to  this 
market  should  do  so  as  soon  as  possible  as  the 
present  prices  will  pay  them  well  for  all  they 
can  furnish.  This  is  a  good  outlook  for  our 
long  neglected  copper  mines  and  owners  will 
no  doubt  get  out  ore  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

Mining  Accidents. 

John  A.  Coulter,  a  miner,  employed  in  the 
Kingston  mine,  on  Panaca  Flat,  was  killed  re- 
cently, by  falling  from  a  bucket  in  the  shaft. 
He  had  put  in  some  blasts  and  after  lighting  the 
fuses  gave  the  signal  to  hoist.  On  the  way  up 
the  gear  became  entangled  and  the  men  could 
not  raise  him  except  by  pulling  hand  over  hand. 
While  doing  so  one  of  the  blasts  went  off  and 
he  fell  130  feet  and  broke  his  neck. 

A  man  working  at  the  Saratoga  mine,  says  the 
Reese  River  Reveille,  fell  in  such  a  manner  re- 
cently, that  a  moving  car  struck  him  and  frac- 
tured his  jaw  in  two  places, 

John  McCabe,  working  in  the  Murphy  mine, 
Ophir  Canon,  Nev.,  was  instantly  killed  last 
week,  by  a  car  falling  upon  him  and  throwing 
him  down  an  incline. 

The  Quincy  National  says  that  three  men 
named  L.  P.  Maynard,  Lorenzo  Serry  andFred 
Knoble,  were  carried  over  the  dumps  of  the 
Taylor  Hill  clainrrecently.  There  is  a  perpen- 
dicular fall  of  150  feet  from  the  mouth  to  the 
flume. 

The  Virginia  Enterprise  records  the  death  of 
James  Koach,  a  miner  employed  in  the  1200-ft- 
level  of  the  Crown  Point  mine.  He  was  struck 
on  the  head  by  a  piece  of  timber  which  was 
being  sent  down  the  chute. 


The  street  cars  of  London  are  differently 
arranged  from  those  in  use  here;  they  have 
seats  inside  and  out.  The  track  is  a  flat 
strip  of  iron,  with  a  groove  for  the  flange 
of  the  wheel  to  run  in.  This  strip  offers 
no  obstacle  to  vehicles,  as  it  is  exactly  level 
with  the  pavement,  not  sunk,  and  does 
away  with  some  of  the  objections  of  our 
system. 


If  you  want   pictures  or  fine  frames,  cheap,  Bend  to 
Sanborn,  Vuil  &  Co.,  31  Kearny  street,  S.F.      18v24-3ni 


State  "University. — The  nest  term  of  the  Prepara 
tory  Department  will  begin  April  20th,  1872. 

The  courBe  of  study  embraces  the  Ancient  and  the 
Modern  Languages  and  the  higher  mathematics,  and  is 
specially  adapted  to  the  University  curriculum. 

Terms,  $12  a  term.  GEORGE  TAIT,  Oakland. 

13v3bp-tf 


$5  to  $20  peh  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7-strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miss  this  chance.  Sample  Froe.  Address  Hud- 
Bon  River  Wire  Worts,  75  William  street,  N.  T.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-12mbp 


Daily  Weather  Record, 


By 

the  X5.  S.  Anwnr  Signal  Service, 
Ending  Wednesday,  May  J 

pon  the  Week 
1872. 

5  P 
o 

2§ 

to 

■?'  ^ 

isS, 

£3j 

ills 

5"si  ? 

^4 

5   . 

State  0/ 
Weather. 

03 

Tim. ..23 

Fri . .  .26 
Sat.  ..2! 
Sun  ..'2* 
Mon..'2» 
TU....30 
Wed..  I 

30.04 
311.00 

211.21 
llii. 115 
36.25 
311.25 
30.12 

47I55IW. 

46  69  S.W. 

47  85  S.W. 
GO  78  S.W. 
47  85  Calm 
.«  73  Calm 
55|80|W. 

21 

i 
14 

4 

3 

Brisk 
Gentle 
Fresh 
Gentle 

Gentle 

1-2 
1-1 

.0: 

Clear 

Fair  " 

Fair 

Fair 

Olear 

Hazy 

Hazy 

a 
a 

CO 

Thu. .  .25 
Fti....2( 
Sat... .27 
Sun... 28 
Mod  .  .29 
TU....30 
Wed..  1 

2').* 
30. 01 

30.11 
30.01 

571S1IS.W. 
5479S. 

57  93  N".  E. 
50l43lN.  E. 

1 
10 

2 

1 

Light 
Fresh 

Light 

Light 

1-2 

Oloudy 
Cloudy 

Hazy 
Clear 

O 

d 

a, 

Thu... 25 
Fri .  ..26 
Sat... 27 
Sun  .  .28 
Mon..2!) 
TU....30 
Wed..  1 

30.20 
30.43 

4391  Calm 
57I93W. 

1 

Light 

4-4 
1-4 

.li 

Cloudy 
Fair 

E 
j£ 

"ho 
> 

Thu .  .25 
Fri. ...2d 
Sat... 27 
Sun.. 28 
Mon..2!) 
TU....30 
Wed..  1 

'211.65 
29.65 

29.57 

29.63 
29.84 

22I70IW. 

22.10  S. 

29  78  Calm 
29  45  W. 
2662E. 

4 
2 

2 

Gentle 
Light 

Light 

4-4 
4-1 
1-4 

.07 

Cloudy 
Clear 

Cloudy 
Cloudy 
Cloudy 

a 

Thu .  .25 
Fri  . .  .2« 
Sat... 27 
Sun  .  .28 
Mon..2<l 
TU....30 
Wed..  1 

30.03 

29. 8S 
29.83 
29.79 
29.95 
30.IK 
30.38 

341341  N.W 
3261  N. 
3963  N.W 
40  64  N. 
3745  N.W 
35  52  N.W 
36l62lW. 

t 
t 

1 

> 
1' 

Fresh 

Fresh 
Fresh 
Fresh 
Fresh 

Kivsh 
Fresh 

1-1 
1-2 
1-2 
1-4 
4-4 
1-2 

Fair 
Fair 
Fair 
Fair 
Cloudy 
Faii- 
CIear 

a 

a 

o 

Thu..  25 
Fri .  .26 
Sat... 77 
Sun.. 28 
Mon..2f 
TU....30 
Wed..  1 

29.76 

30.11.' 
29.9 
29. s. 
29.51 
29.9 
30.21 

44 
33 

3 
15 
36 

3: 
27 

52 
si 
si 
5: 
55 
66 
S2 

S.W. 

S.  E. 

1'alin 

W. 

N.W 

W. 

N.W 

6 
24 

1 

4 
9 
IS 

Fresh 
Brisk 

Light 
c.entle 
Fresh 
Brisk 

4-4 

1-1 
4-4 

1-4 

1- 

.20 

Clear 
JJV  Snow 

^oudy 

*air 
Olody 

a 

Thu  .  .2.5 
Fri..  .26 
Sat.. ..27 
Sun.. 28 
M.J11..2!! 
TU....30 
Wed..  ] 

29  48 

30. 11-' 

29.98 

29,8:1 
29.00 
29.96 

II 

13 

18 

17 
13 
13 

a 

75 

si 
711 
II 
31 

S. 
E. 
Calm 

S. 

w. 
w. 

2 
2 

2 
23 
1] 

Light 
Light 

Light 
Brisk 
Fresh 

4-4 
1-4 

Clear 

Threat. 

Fair 

Fair 

Cloudy 

Fair 

S 

o 

Thu.. 25 
Fri... 26 
Sat. ..27 
Sun  ..28 
Mon..2!l 
TU....30 
Wed..   1 

29.49 
311. 93 
30.111 
29.92 
29.42 
29.70 

39.01 

85 

17 
41 

19 
65 
19 
16 

13 
11 
S2 
03 
68 
64 
17 

S. 

E. 

N.  E. 

S.  E 

S. 

W. 

N.W. 

10 
15 
5 
4 
10 

18 

Fresh 
Brisk 
Gentle 
Gentle 
Fresh 
Fresh 
Brisk 

1-2 

1-4 
4-4 
4-1 
4-4 

.97 

.'2*1 
.02 

Fair 

Cloudy 

Cloudy 

Lt.    Kiiin 

Cloudy 

Clear 

Clear 

1'h  u..  25 
Fri... 26 
Sat... 26 
Sun  ..28 
Mou..29 
TU....30 
Wed..  1 

29.81 

30.15 

30.15 
29.99 
29.74 
29.90 

ill 

50 

47 

02 
03 
51 

14 

54 

71 
74 

si 
1,2 

S. 

E. 

S.' 
S. 
W. 

23 

4 
3 
16 

17 
4 

Brisk 

Gentle 

Light 

Brisk 

Brisk 

Gentle 

1-2 

4-4 
4-4 

.29 

Hazy 

Oloudy 
Oloudy 
Oloudy 
Oloudy 
Clear 

San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker «t  Oo.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street 

PRICES  FOR  1NVOICI8 

Jeftbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  lha 
foUaicina  quotations, 

Thursday,  May  2, 1872 

Iron.— 

Scotch  Pig  Iron,$ton $70  00  @ 

White  Pip,  fi  ton 52  00  @ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  $  lb —  05^(3  —  06 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  tj^  lb —  06  @  —  07 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —05  @  —  06 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  08  @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  06>£@  —  07 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —07  ©  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —06  ® 

HorseShooB 8  00  @ 

Nail  Rod 11 

Norway  Iron 9 

Rolled  Iron 6 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc        6  @        7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing, 3$fl) —  24  @—  28 

Sheathing,  Yellow"" —  24  @  —  26 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11  (g  —  \i% 

Composition  Nails —  24  — 

Composition  Bolts —  24  — 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  ^  box 12  00 

Plates,  IO  Charcoal  10  00  10  50 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs,  $B> — 45 

Steel.— English  Cast,  $  lb —  16  —17 

Drill 16  17 

Flat  Bar 17  20 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 12% 

gUlCHSILVER.— ^  lb — 85 

EAD.-Pig,^  tb :.. --06  —  06« 

Sheet —08  —   8ifi 

Pips —    9  —10 

Bar 08  —09 

ZrNO.-Sheets,  $  lb —  10  —  10% 

Borax.— Refined —  25  -  30 

Borax,  crude —    5  —  — 


Leather  Market  Report 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  PoBt  st.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  May  2, 1872. 

Sole  Leather. — The  demand  is  still  equal  to  the  supply 
and  prices  still  continue  firm. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  $  H) 2fi@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  ^  lb 26@20 

Country  Leather,  ^  ft 25@28 

Stockton  Leat her, ^  lb 26®29 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,  8  Kil..  perdoz  ...*e0  00@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil., perdoz 76  00@  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz 60  00@  76  00 

Lemouie,  16  to  18  Kil,  ^  doz  75  00@  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  00@  70  00 

Cornclliiin,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  perdoz 60  00®  68  00 

OgerauCalf,  ©doz 54  00® 

Simon,  18  Kil.M  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  $  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  $  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  f>  ft 1  10®    1  30 

California  Kip,  $  doz 60  00  to  80  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  ©  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  ^  lb 1  15@    1  25 

Sheep  Roane  for  Topping,  all  colors,  $  doz 9  00@  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings, ft  doz 5  50®  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75@    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Calf  Boot  Legs,  fipair 5  25 

Good  French  Oalf  Boot  Legs,  Impair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs.^pair 1  00 

Harness  Leather,  $  ft 30@    37% 

Fair  Bridle  Leather.fi  doz 48  00®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  •$  ft 34®    37% 

Welt  Leather,  ©  doz 30  00(3}  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  $  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ®  foot 18®       20 


RICHARD  H.  BTJEIi,  Consulting  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 
Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  mild.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  I  refer  por- 
ticularJy  to  Professor  R.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 

10v24-13t     

Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


May  4,  1872. j 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


285 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 

Oteinq  to  the.  lime  iteesxiri/  to  ntnilthe  prt*n\t  btri/r   ■■'.• 
Srit'Uift-    PrtAt    •■  t'toprrjj   on    Thtt 

iii'j — uhiih  U   (A«  eery  lattjt  hour  ire  ran  reprice oiiterti^mnUt, 


Alleghany  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 

pany— Lucition  of  work*,  Alk*i;li&ny,    Sn-rra  t'ouniv,  »'.«!. 

Notice  i»  hereby  uiven.  th»i  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 

Trustee*  of  Mid  Company,  hold  on  the'itilhday  of  April. 

isT'i,  an aM«Mtueot  of  twenty  eeqfa  pta  than  «»■■*  levied 

Upon  the  capital  stock  of  aaid  company,  payahk-  imiuti- 
diately.  10  fiut-d  BtatM  raid  coin,  to  tha  Socratuy.  at  his 
office,  37  New  Merchant*' KicbaiiKe,  California  street.  Any 
stock  00  which  mtnl  BOM  tmenl  iliall  n*muin  unpaid  on  lllo 
third  dav  of  .lutie.  1ST1  -lull  be  deemed  di'lui-iu.-nt.  and 
will  he  duly  adv<-m-<  J  foi  -..I.  \<  pobtlo  auction,  and 
onleea  payiru-nt  ntiall  be  ma*l>.-   before,  »  ill  !>.■  •  ul.1  <>n  .\|.m- 

day.    the  'JUh  day   of    June.  Wl,    to    pav     thl    dl 

assessment,  toRtrthurwith  costs  of  advert  isintf  and  upeXUMI 
of  sale.     By  order  of  tli.-  IWni  of  TlMteM 

Vi     roN.   Secretary- 
Offloe,   No.  37     (third  floor),  New  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  strew,  San  Francisco  DUf-il 

Francis    Mining    Company— Location    of 

works.  Mariposa  County,  California. 

Notice  11  hereby  iriveu,  that  at  araeetinjjof  the  Board  of 
Trunteui*  of  said  company,  beld  00  tho  *>t l»  day  of  April, 
1872,  an  aMteasmt'iit  of  otn<  dollar  per  i-linro  wait  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  laid  company,  payable  iniiii>-l  1.11  <  ly.  in 
United  Statea  yold  and  aHver  ootn,  to  the  Etooretary  ol  the 
company,  WH  California  Htroet,  han  FrftnoJtCO,  Dal.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  aMMCHaincut  nhall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  Nth  day  of  May,  1*72.  shall  be  deemed  delinquent)  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  for  Bale  at  public  auction,  una  un- 
>e<ts  payment  thall  bo  made  before,  will  be  Hold  on  Tuesday, 
the  4th  day  of  June.  1873,  to  pay  the  J.  limiu.nl  asai  I  Blent, 
together  with  cunt*  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
li>urd»rol    (he  Uoiird  m    Ti  u  ,1  .■,-.. 

T.  i-.  CROXISE,  Secretary. 

Office,  4W  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Ingomar  Silver  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Ely  Mining  District,  Lincoln  County, 
Slate  of  Nevada. 

Notice  in  hereby  Riven,  that  at  a  meet ing  of  the  Boord  of 
Trustee*  of  said  oompany,  held  on  the  'Jd  day  of  April,  I8T2, 
an  assessment  of  26  cent*  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  Immediately,  in 
\J,  S.  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary',  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany. Room  21,  Uayward'n  Building,  4ly  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock  upon  which  Bald  assessment 
shall  remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  the  8t1 1  duy  of  May, 
INT2,  shall  be  deciuud  doliiii|ueut,  una  will  bo  duly  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  nayinent  shall 
be  made  before,  "ill  be  sold  on  Friday,  the  Jlst  day  of  May, 
1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

DBAS.  S.  NEAL,  Secretary., 
Office.  Room  21,  Hayward's  Building,  No.  41U  California 
struct .  Sun  Francisco,  California.  aj>l<-4t 

Kincaid  Flat  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works, Tuolumne  County,  State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  011  the  23d  day  of  April,  1872, 
an  assessment  of  Three  Dollars  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
Uniuiu  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  his 
office.  No.  2-0  Clay  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  the 
'Jith  day  of  May,  181%  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will 
lie  duly  advertised  for  sale  at   public  auction,  and   unless 

fiayment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the 
till  day  of  Juno,  1H72,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  co-ts  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

R.  H    CORNELL,  Secretary. 
Office,  No.  220  Clay  atreot,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    ap2T-4w 

Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company — Lo- 

cation   of    works,    Maynard     Mining    District,    Mohave 

County,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  bth  day  of  April,  1S72, 
an  assessment  of  Ten  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  ollice  of  the 
company.  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
Calilornia.  Any  slock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  the  ifith  day  of  May,  1872, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  bo  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  .sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  W.  COLBUKN,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  Sau  Francisco, 
California,  apl3 

Marcelina  Silver  Mining  Company.— Lo- 
cation of  Works:  Eureka  District,  Lander  County, 
Nevada. 

Notice— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  folio-wing 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  (No.  2) 
levied  on  tho  Eighth  day  of  March,  1872,  the  several 
amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  ShareB.       Am't. 

Cunningham,  P.  P 22  200  $20  00 

Cunningham,  P.  P 21  100  10  00 

Qninlan,  P.  B 56  50  5  00 

Worland,  C.  R 58  1000  100  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  Eighth  day  of  March, 
1872,  bo  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  Stock,  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  Room  21  Haywards  Building,  419  Cali- 
fornia Street,  San  FranciBCO.Cal.,  on  the  7th  day  of  May, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock,  p.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  Assessment  thereon,  together  with 
coBts  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

CHAS.  £.  ELLIOT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  21,    Hayward's  Building,  410   California 
street,  3an  Francisco,  California. 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 

pany— Location  of  works,  First  Garote,  Tuolumne  County, 

California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  tho  3d  day  of  April, 
A.  d.  1872,  an  assessment  of  Thirty  Cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  tho  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  as- 
sessment shall  remain  unpuid  on  Monday,  the  (ith  day  of 
May,  A.  D.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be 
duty  advertised  for  sale,  at  public  auction,  and  unless  pay- 
ment shall  bo  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the 
'J'idday  of  May,  a.  p.,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sole. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.    J.W.  CLARK,  Sec'y- 

Office,  418  California  St.  San  Francisco.  apl3-4w, 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadelupe  Silver  Min- 
ing Company. — Location  of  Works,  Tayoltita,  San  Di- 
mas  District,  Durango,  Mexico. 
Notice. — There  are  delinquent,  upon  the  following 
described  Stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  levied  on  the 
12th  day  of  May,  18C9,  and  re-levied  on  the  8th  day  of 
March,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set  opposite  the  names 
of  the  respective  shareholders  as  follows: 
Names.  No  of  certificate.       No.  shares.       Amount. 

Thomas  Brennan ....  163  10  $2000 

Henry  Beck 84  5  10  00 

Henry  Beck 81  5  10  00 

Valentin  Gassner....  71  30  60  00 

L.  Rosenfelder 1U  6  12  00 

L.  Rosenfelder 184  10  20  00 

H.  Schumaker 84  5  10  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  8th  day  of  March,  1872, 
bo  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  Stock  as  may  he 
necessary,  will  be  Kold  at  public  auction  at  the  sales- 
room of  Maurice  Dore&Co.,No.  327  Montgomery  St., 
on  Wednesday  the  eighth  day  of  May,  1872.  at  th6  hour 
of  11  o'clock,  a.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  Baid  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costB  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale. 

E.  J.  PFEIFFER,  Secretary. 
Offlce—No.  210  Post  Street,  San  FranciBco,  9 


Ophir   Copper.  Silver  and   G.    M.    Com- 
pany.—Location  of  Works.  Ophir,  Placer  County,  Oal. 
—There  an  delinquent  apon  the  following  de- 
uritod  Btoek,  an  account  oi  aaaeaainent  i-m-d  ou  the 

1Mb  day  of   March,  1*7.',  the   several  amounts  *et  oppo- 

■      1      ■ 

Ifamea,                       rtOLcato.  No.  share**.  Amount. 

Allen.  M  W 336                     2fi  $  16  00 

Brown,  OhaB.  F 342                        7Jtf  4  60 

Bunker,  <i  P 341                   220  183  00 

bg saa  100  00  00 

Brush.  K  G 289  65  39  00 

Brush,  It  G 230  :*i>  18  00 

Brut-li,  It  Q '239                       B0  30  00 

Brush.  1C  Q 240                     JH  99  ») 

Brush.  BG jks  69  87  90 

Brush, KG 291  05  H9  W 

II -j:rj                     an  In  no 

Bruudt,  Mrs.  E 315  6t)  30  uo 

Biill-ml.  II  1 315 X                     6H  3  3H 

Baum.  Chas 316  100  GO  00 

Brush,  B  Q,  Trustee 899  100  60  00 

Brn  ita,  B  <•.  Trustee 381  60  80  >«i 

q,  Wallace 3u«  900  190  00 

tiarniss,  Jas.  R 283  100  60  00 

(iarnUa,  Jus.  It 337  40  24  00 

Hinckley,  Geo.E 831  60  30  uo 

Kip,  Jr.  YY  I «37  600  300  00 

Ueadi  .  0 -J44  25  15  00 

Purdy.  li  W 916  50  30  00 

Qosde,  ,\ 2S9  100  60  00 

Reynold*.  W  O 210  19  11  40 

Bogi  re,  GeoP 324  25  15  jo 

Swum,  HO 79  137  82  20 

Swain,  II  0 80  137  82  20 

Swain,  H  C 238  900  120  00 

Bwsin,  h  C 246  100  oo  uo 

Swain,  H  C 204  50  30  uo 

Swum,  HO '295  60  30  00 

Swain,  ii  0 296  20  12  00 

Swain.  II  0 908  50  30  00 

SWAin,  HO 318  50  30  00 

Swain,  HC 319  50  30  00 

Swain,  li  0 320  50  30  00 

Swain,  HC 320  60  30  00 

Swain,  U  C 327  60  30  00 

Swain,  H  C 340  2Jfi  1  60 

Swain,  WB 11  5  3  1)0 

Swain,  W  B 10  5  3  00 

Staekpole  Thus 335  25  15  U0 

Wightman  Jaines 400  210  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  18th  day  of  March, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
he  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the 
office  of  John  Middleton  &  Co.,  No.  310  Montgomery 
Street,  on  the  17th  day  of  May,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  1 
o'clock  p.  jr.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  coats  of  advertising  and 
exDenses  of  Bale. 

E.  G.  BRUSH,  Secretary. 

Office:  N.  E.  Cor.  Saneome  and  Halleck  Streets.  En- 
trance on  Halleck  Street.  apr27-3w 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company — 

Location  of  works,  Piermont  Mining  District,  White  Pine 

County,  Nevada. 

Notice  ib  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  hold  on  the  sixteenth  (ltith)  duy 
of  April,  1B7^,  an  assessment  of  Forty  Cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  tlm  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  company.  Any  stock  upon  which  said 
assessment  ahull  remain  unpaid  ou  Monday,  the  twentieth 
(2Uth)dayof  May,  1872,  shall  be  deemud  delinquent,  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  fur  sale  at  public  auction,  and  un- 
less payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednes- 
day, the  nincU-enth  (19th)  day  ol  June,  1872,  at  the  hour  of 
2  o'clock  p.  M.,  at  the  office  of  the  company,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advortisiny 
and  expenses  of  bale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco.         ap27-iw 


San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mining  Com- 
pany.—Location  of  Works,  Little  Cottonwood  Mining 

District,  Utah  Territory. 

Noiice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
TruBteuaof  said  Compnuy,  held  ou  the  LhirLeenth(13th)  day 
of  April,  A.  d.,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Twenty-five  (25)  cents 
pershare  was  levied  upon  the  assessable  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately  to  tho  Secretary  at  tho  oftico 
of  the  company.  Any  stock  upon  which  aaid  assessment 
shall  remain  unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  16th  day  of  May, A.  D., 
1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unlesspayment  shall  be 
made  before,  will  bo  sold  on  Saturday  the  eighth  (Bth)  day 
of  June,  a.  D.,  1872,  at  the  office  of  the  company,  at  the 
hour  of  2  o'clock,  p.  m.,  to  puy  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office—No.  -118  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Calilor- 
nia, ap2o-4w 

SAN  FRANCISCO  TUNNEL  AND  MINING  COM- 
PANY—POSTPONEMENT— Thu  day  for  deeming  stock 
delinquent  on  the  above  assessment  is  hereby  postponed 
until  Tuesday,  May  21st,  A.  D.  1U72,  and  the  sale  thereof 
until  Monday,  the  10th  duy  of  June,  A.  D.  1872.  By  order  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees. 

ma4-3t  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 


Silver  Sprout  Mining  Company—Location 

of  works    and    mine,  Kearsorge  District,  Inyo  County, 

State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  29th  day  of  April. 
i872,  an  assessment  ot  llfty  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of 
the  Company,  Room  No.  1,  second  lloor,  318  California  st., 
S.  F..  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  first  day  of  J  uoe,  1H72,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  Bbatl  bo  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the22d  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  t lie  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expen- 
ses of  sale.    By  order  of  tho  Bonrd  oE  Trustees. 

ma4-Jt  T.  B.  WINGARD.  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  No.  1,  second  floor,  No.  318  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Office  of  the  Siiver  Sprout  Mining  Com- 

Jany — San  Francisco,  April  29,  1872. 
naccordunce  with  a  resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Silver  Sprout  Mining  Com- 
pany, held  this  day,  a  special  meeting  of  the  stockholders 
of  said  company  is  hereby  called,  the  same  to  be  held  at 
the  office  of  the  company,  No.  31S  California  Btreet  (Room 
No.  1,  second  floor),  San  Francisco,  California,  on  Monday, 
the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  at  1  o'clock  p.  M.,  to  take  into 
consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition  to  increase 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  from  three  million  five 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  divided  into  five  thousand 
shares,  of  the  par  value  of  seven  hundred  dollars  each  (the 
present  capital  stock),  to  rive  million  dollars,  divided  into 
fifty  thousand  shares,  of  the  par  value  of  one  hundred  dol- 
lars each.  NATHANIi-L  PAUE,  i 

A.  WINGARD. 
ma4-4t 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company — Location 

of   works.    White   Pine     Mining   District,   White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  Tenth  (ll)th) 
day  of  April  a.  D.  187A  an  assessment  of  fifty  (."Kl)  cents 
per  share  was  levied  n|)on  the  capital  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to 
the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  said  company.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Tuesday, 
the  fourteenth  day  of  May,  a.  d.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  bo  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Thursday,  the  Thirteenth  (13)  day  of  June,  A  D.  1672,  at 
the  office  of  the  company,  at  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  ap-4w 


Spring  Mountain  Tunnel   Company.— Lo- 
cation of  Work-.  Illy  Mining  nistriet,  Piui-h.-.  S< ■■,  ;t.'ti. 
Nuiio-  in  hereby  gixen.  that  .it  a  mcetioe  of  th»-  Board  ot 
1  lipid  .in   the   llth  day  of  April. 

1H7_\  on  asn.-«suirnt  ol  fifteen  I  10  oentS  per  n hare  wm  U-w.d 
upon  the  cap i t.d  stock  of  said  company,  paynbb-  immedi- 
ately inunit.'d  Btfttoa  gold  and  aUv«r  coin,  iothe  SeoreUu 
at  theofheeof  tua  company.  K.miuS;.  Mi-icliaoU"  I 
Otjliomift  St..  City  and  Count}  of  San  Fn.nri.ie...  Suti-  ..( 
1  slilortna.  Vn>  f-toek  upon  win.  li  -,;,i,|  „— .---meiit  nhall 
remain  unpaid  on  M#nd«y  ib.<  ■jiiil,  dus  „(  Mhj,  I'd,  -lial)  )..■ 
deemed  delinquent,  ami  Will  !>'■  duly  advertii-.-d  for  sale,  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  »liall  bo  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday  the  10ih  day  of  June,  1*;.',  to  um 
the  delinquenl  tuesament,  together  with  oosts of  adver- 
tiMing  and  expenses  ot  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
J  M.  11UII  ■  I  M.Tu.Y  Secretary. 
Unite.  Room  37,  New  Merchants'  Exchange,  f 'alitor  i, in 
Street,  San  \  ran risco,  Cul.  iip'.tMw 


Tecumseh  Gold.  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 
ing Company— Location  of  works,  Gopher  District.  Cal- 
av*ras  County,  California. 

Notice  m  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  ol 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  24th  day  of 
April,    1871     an    assessment   of    Five  ($5.00)    dollars   per 


Bhare  wan  levied  upon  thu 


(t.'i.OO 
:k  of  e 


snare  wuh  levied    upon   the    eiii.i till  block  ol  ,-aid  1'oiupan v 

Kay  able  immediately,  in  United  .States  gold  and  silver  cmti 
)  the  Secretary.  F.  J.  Herrmann,  attheothceof  the  com- 
pany, V\  834  Washington  street,  San  l'ranciseo.  t'ul.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  29th  day  of  May.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
qnent  mid  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  bo 
sold  on  Monday,  the  17th  day  of  .June,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  tho  Board  of  Trustees. 

_    _  .  F.  J.  HERRMANN.  Secretary. 

Othce,  63-1  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  Cal.    Office 
hours  from  11  a.  m.  to  2  p.  si.  ma4-it 


Union  Gold   Mining   Company. —Location 

of  works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Baid  Company,  held  on  tbo  llth  day  of 
April,  1H7'J,  an  aBaesBincnt  of  one  dollar  ($1.00)  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Com- 
pany, payable  immediately  in  United  StateB  gold  coin, 
to  the  Secretary,  at  the  otbee  of  the  Company,  Room  No. 
22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building,  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  1&72,  shall  be  deemed 
delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adve  tised  for  Bale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  Bv  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  ALFRED  K.  DUBBROW  Secretary. 

Office— Boom  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building, 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California.  apl3-td 


Mil,!!.      STONES. 


Portable  Mills,  Eureka  Smut  Machines, 
Bran  Dusters,  Dufour  &  Co.'s  Celebrated  Dutch  Anchor 
Bolting  Cloths  and  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

TRAVIS    &    WAGNER, 

18v24-3m  41  First  street,  San  Francisco. 


LEA.    &    PERRINS' 

CELEBRATED 

Worcestershire    Sauce. 

Declared  by  Connois- 
seurs to  be  the  only  good 
0  Sauce  The  success  of 
>  this  moBt  delicious  and 
3  unrivalled  Condiment 
o  having  caused  certain 
a  dealers  to  apply  the 
%  name  of  " Worcestershire  Sance"  to  their 
£  own  inferior  compounds,  the  public  is 
|  hereby  informed  that  the  only  wny  to 
h  secure  the  genuine  i6  to  ask  for  Lea  & 
•=!  Perrinb'  Sauce,  and  see  that  their 
£  names  are  upon  the  wrapper,  labels, 
9    Btopper  and  bottle. 

•  Some  of  the  foreign  marnets  having 
been  supplied  with  a  spurious  Worcester- 
shire sauce,  upon  the  wrapper  and  labels 
of  which  the  names  of  Lea  and  Perrins  have  been 
forged,  L.  and  P.  give  notice  that  they  have  furnished 
their  correspondents  with  power  of  attorney  to  take  in- 
stant proceedings  against  manufacturers  and  vendors  of 
such,  or  any  other  imitations  by  which  their  right  may 
be  infringed. 

Ask  for  LEA  k  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  name  on 
wrapper,  label,  bottle  and  slopper 

Wholesale  and  for  export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worces- 
ter; Crosse  &  Blackwell,  London,  &c,  &c„  and  by 
Grocers  and  Oilmen  universally.  15v24-eow-tf 


Blowers, 
3  team 
Hair 


Sr-  Mining  Tools 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBINE  WATER  WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-Saving  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stock  of  En- 
gineers', Miners',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 

Mill  Supplies.  

TEEADWELL   &    CO., 
At  the      1      Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Sts., 
Old  Stand,  J  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

12v24-eow 

BETTS'S  CAPSULE  PATENTS. 

To  prevent  INFRINGEMENTS,  NOTICE  IS  HEREBY 
GIVEN,  that  BETTS'S  NAME  is  ON  EVERY  CAPSULE 
he  makes  for  the  principal  merchants  in  England  and 
France,  thus  enabling  vendor,  purchaser,  and  consumer, 
not  only  to  identify  the  genuineness  of  the  Capsule,  but 
likewise  the  contents  of  the  vessel  to  which  it  is  applied. 
The  Lord  Chancellor,  in  his  judgment,  said  that  the  Cap- 
sules are  not  used  merely  for  tho  purpose  of  the  ornament, 
but  that  they  are  serviceable  in  protecting  the  wine  from 

iniurv,  and  insuring  its  genuineness.  

JMANUFA(-roiuEs:-L  WHARF  ROAD,  CITY  ROAD, 
LONDON,  AND  BORDEAUX,  FRANCE. 


P0BCBA6EES  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Pbess. 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 

MAxuFACTritEiuj  or 

S.     STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 
IVORY     RULES. 


ALSO  EXCLUSIVE    MANTJFACTUBEItS   OF 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  Ihe  Combination  Rule,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  the  very  best  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood, 
heavily  bound  with  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

Th«  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  be  tested  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  tho  aid  ol  a  small  screw-driver,  but 
this  is  seldom  required. 

In  its  application  as  a  Slope  Level  it  is  especially 
adapted  for  Miners'  use,  as  it  shows  tho  pitch  to  thk 
foot,  and  degree  of  inclination  at  once.  It  is  six 
inches  long  when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-eighths  inches  thick,  the  cut  being  jufit  one- 
fourth  size. 

"  By  the  use  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  can  always  have  in  his  pocket 
the  most  valuable  of  his  apparatus  used  in  construction, 
combined  In  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form," — Sci- 
entific American. 

Price  bo  mail,  prepaid,  $4.  For  agents' terms,  address 
STEPHENS    &    CO., 

18v24-3m  Riverton,  Conn. 


MOLDING,    M0ETISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  Rahokmd,  Oar,  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
fly  Superior  to  any  in  use. 

J.   A.   FAY  &   CO., 

Cincinnati,  Ohio, 


OAKLAND    POULTRY    YARDS, 

Corner  Sixteenth  and  Castro  Streets. 

SEASON    OF    187S. 

Eggs  for  Hatching  from  Pure  Bred  Poultry 

Carefully  packed  in  handled  boxeBwith  elastic 

bottoms,  and  guaranteed  to  carry  safely 

to  any  part  of  the  country. 


Send  Stamp  for  Circular  to 

GEO.    B.    BAYLEY, 

(Importer  and  Breeder  of 
CHOICE    POULTRY. 

P.  O.  Box  659,  San  Francisco. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Ftp*        mtj.2  Fitj.3  WigJC* 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  6haped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery-"Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  "Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  18C9;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  6i  Nassau  St.,  N.  T. 


$1,000 


REWARD!  For  any  case  of 
Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
Piles  that  I>o  Binfi's  DPile 
Remedy  fails  to  cure.  It  ib  pre- 
pared expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothiDgelee.  Sold  by 
all  Druggists.    Price  $1.00. 

C.  F.  Richardb  A  Co.,  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  Sansome 
streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


286 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS* 


[May  4,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABLISHED    1851. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fromoiit  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

I  BA    P.   KAXKIX,  A.  r.  BKATTOJT, 

GEO.  TV.  FO«1J.  Superintendent. 

MeamEngines  andBoilers, 

MARINE  AND   STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  flrst- 
claBB  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
ftrlces,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

ey  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Spairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  GODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

mahufagtcreks  or 

«T1i2^lM:   engines, 
Quartz*    Floxir    and    Saw    Mills, 

Hayes'  Improved  Steam  Pump,  Brodle's  Im- 
proved     Crasher,      Mining     Pamps, 
Amnlgittinatora,  and  all  kind* 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How. 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACT, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111    Mission   Street, 
[SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

aiTAETZ    MACHINERY 
Printing    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for'about  half  the  price  01  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  Sl  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MASTTFACTOBEE  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOE 

Praoy*s    Celebrated.    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 
Sacramento. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

HANDFACTURERS   OF 

S  TEAJM:  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

lltiatmr's  Patent  Self- Adjust  Inn  Steam   Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mlniiiff  Machinery. 

Front  Street*  between  W  and  O  streets, 

fiidRAKICNTO   OlTT 

PACIFIO 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

8AN    FRANCISCO,   CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manuiacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Eyery  Variety  of  Shafting:, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  <  f 

Steamboat    Shafts,    Cranks,    IM«ton     and    Con. 

uectlnic  Bods,  Car  and  locomotive  Axles 

and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERE  D      IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 
■^Orders  addressed  to     PACIFIC    ROLLING     MILL 
3 JMPANV  Post  office,  ban  Francisco,  Cal.,wlll     ceive 
^.•ompt  attention 

•S-  Tbe  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vl43ra 


ROOT'S   PATENT  FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY    BLOWER, 

UANXTFACTTJEED  AT  THE 
#!|Si^!ia»^ 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 


Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    tlie  First   Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  Novemoer  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Requires  60  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  BraBS  Foun- 
dry, San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  0. 
P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain partieB,  not  author- 
ized  to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirementsof  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron( 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho r s e-P ower  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

4'24tf  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

steam:  i»tjm::ps. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GIFFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BAKTOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Sni'faee   Condensers. 

DAVID~STODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  P. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco 

I\  I.  CTJEET  (late  Foreman  of  the  "Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 
High  and  Low 


Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


CELEBRATED 


SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

(JOBBING 

and 

Repairing; 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    RISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1863. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORES  : 
Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wni.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  'Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary. 

24vl7-o.y 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st„  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &~BOLAND, 

IltOTV    DrTOXJlVX>EK,S. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  Bhort  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3ni 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works. 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILlT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  hap  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  aU  who  may  so  favor  ub. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating1  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
5v24-3m  ^RESCOTT,  SCHEDDEL  &  CO. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &,    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 
Cor.   First    ana    IkCissioxx   ©ts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of     every    description, 
made  to  order. 
Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  sizo. 

Irrigating   Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.BOOTH.  GEO.W.PRESCOTT.  DIVING  M.SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


tSAN    FBANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WOiaKi-S, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MAlTOFACrUREBS  OP  ALL  KINDS  OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts, 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

120  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 

San  Francisco. 

LIGHT  AUTD  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vlfiqr 

FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridgetoc,  N.  J. 

PRESSES,   DEES  aDd  aU  FRUIT   CAHNERS   TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-lb.  Can  Press  for  $65;   Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15,  etc.  13v24-18t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kind  b  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  andSteamboat  Bells  and 
Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
draulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tious  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
ja-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -ff* 
J.   H.  WEED'  V.  KINQWELL, 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  Btroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rod«  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works.  126  First  street,  S.  F.      2iv23tf 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 

nership  heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Bandall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  tbe 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  DrillB, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  FranciBCO,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 
CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


May  4,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


287 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MAxrrACTunEBa   of 


WOOD-WORKING    MACHINERY, 
tmit  htn.  t  (\v.st .  11. 1  ahasfamt  itnet  Bridge) 

PUILADKIJ'BU. 

■y  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v£*-ly 

McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

MOILEK.     MAKERS 

AND  1.1    \1    1<  \1.  MACHINISTS, 

Dovirri  .1.  h.tween  Fremont  and    Real*.  San  Fr«nct«fo. 


<    A  I.I>«  1.1, 1. \~. 

Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  tlio  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
ami  115  Battle  itnet,  s^n  PmnclBCO. 

Sv'Jl-Ui,  WM.  CALDWELL. 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


Ono  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  ICO  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  excoed  live  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  rli'irt  notice. 

For  further  particularn  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Much  In «*m  Stand  Unrivaled* 

■  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  bo  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows . 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  niuller  forcee 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
It  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examinethese  pans  and  sellers 
for  themselves,  at  the  ofllce,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco, 

NELSON    &,  DOBLE, 

AGRNTS  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OP 

Sledge*,    I¥ a  nunc.-*,    Stone    Cnttem*,    Black 

amlthN*  and  If  ontc-ShoerV  Tool*. 

13  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
UlvUnr 


J-5HEET     IROIV     PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IKON  AND  ASPHALTTJM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

Q3~  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
^A-TT-BTITVS     JLNJ>     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry) , 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM    PUMPS. 

WHAT    IS    SAID    BY   THOSE  WHO   USE   THEM. 


SALEM,  Oregon,  January  16th,  1872. 
MnifiBlL  BERRY  X  PLACE.  Ban  FmclaeON-GtnUonUMH  Inanewertoyourqneryr<>>K!.rdmK  tho  working  of  the  large  Blake 
Su-»m  Pomp,  oar  company  purchased  of  you,  we  would  nay  in  all  sincerity  that  tlio  pump  h<u  aaeaVd  our  afMataffcfl. 
It  ha**  u«ea  in  qm»  sine*  the  27th  of  SepU-mtior,  1871,  ami  ban  tlio*  far  given  the  most  purfect  satisfaction.  Hdoos  Its  work 
with  eaae,  does  not  get  out  of  order,  and  rouiifres  but  little*  or  no  attention  to  run  it.  It  is  bimi*i,b,  DPitAitLi:.  ami  m 
■  i  >  i  hi  it-  o 1 1.  r r  i . ■  t ■  ■ . t i     \v<  Iiayo  found  it  entinljutiafkokHrj  md  Inrtthopninpfaawt  n  •/ ■■■■■'  m-i . t •  ■  < i  fur  our  \^.,rk 

Yours,  respectfully,  W.  F.  BOOTHY,  Proa"t  Salom  Water  Works. 
PIKKNIX  MINE,  Napa  County,  January  KHh,  1872. 
Messrs.  BERRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Oontlomon:  Tlio  No.  8,  Blake  Steam  Pump  we  nought  of  you  last  fall  is 
doing  good  service.  We  are  having  a  Urge  amount  of  water  to  contend  with  during  this  stormy  weather;  but  the  pump 
throws  It  all  nut  of  itie  main  -haft  (160  feet  deep)  with  perfect  case,  and  is  only  working  from  GO  to  80  strokes  a  minute. 
It  Is  a  complete  pump  and  no  mistake.  We  are  well  natiafled  with  in  working,  and  if  you  wish  to  use  the  name  of  our 
company,  as  a  reference,  you  are  at  liberty  to  do  eo.    Very  resp'tly,   GEO.   FELLOWS,  Supt.  Pliwnix  Quicksilver  M.  Co. 

OFFICE  STARR  MILLS,  YALLEJO,  Cal.,  January  13th,  1872. 
Mkssiuj.  BERRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gentlemen:  We  are  pleased  to  state  that  the  No.  3  Blake  Pump  purchased 
of  you,  haw  constantly  suppliod  our  threo  boilers  for  the  past  year,  with  water  heat  to  above  boiling  point  with  one  of 
Armstrong's  Patent  Heaters.    It  lias  given  tu  no  trouble  nor  expense,  and  has  in  fict  fully  come  up  to  your  recommenda- 
tions. Yours,  Eto.,  STARR  BROS.  A  CAMPBELL. 

OFFICE  S.  J.  WOOLENJCO.,  SAN  JOSE.  January  29th,  1872. 
Messrs.  BERRY  A  PLACE,  San  Francisco— Gentlemen:  We  have  used  a  No.  6  Blake  Steam  Pump  now  for  about  two 
years,  both  oh  a  Tank  Pump  and  as  a  Fire  Pump  In  oase  of  ncod:  and  it  has  given  excellent  satisfaction.    Riultiiuin 
teery  roped.  Very  respectfully,  R.  F.  PECKHAM,  Pres't  San  Jobo  Woolen  Co. 

BELMONT,  Cal..  February  6th.  1872. 
MESsns.  TREADWELL  A  CO.— Gentlomon:    In  reply  to  your  inquiry  concerning  the  largo  Blako  Steam  Pump,  pur- 
chased of  Berry  A  Place,  by  Mr.  RalBton,  I  will  say.  that  it  gives  ENTIRE  *</t-/<icd'«n,  even  working  as   It  now  is,  where  no 
other  Pump  could;  for  it  isuf  prr»ent  six /ett  underwater,  yet  it  does  its  work  PF.iiFncTLY. 

Yours,  Eta,  J.  E.  BUTLER,  Supt.  Water  Works  and  Engineer  at  W.  C.  Rulston's. 


BLAKE'S  PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Thesa  Pumps  havo  been  tested,  and  found  to  be  indisputably  without  an  enual  wherever  tried.  They  liavo  been  sold 
in  the  Pacific  States  now  for  nearly  three  years,  and  we  are  willing  every  one  m  ubo  may  he  referred  to;  every  Pump  will 
speak  for  itself.  They  aro  constructed  in  the  most  simply  style,  mid  built  in  the  most  thorough  manner— especially  cal- 
culated fur  simplicity,  durability  and  power.    Some  of  the  ud vantages  of  the  Blake  Pump  may  bo  summed  up  as  follows : 


It  is  positive  under  any  pres- 
sure. Maybe  run  slow  or  last 
as  may  bo  desired.  Will  dis- 
charge more  water  than  any 
others  of  the  sime  dimensions. 
Has  no  leaky  joints,  the  steam 
part  heiiiK  cast  in  ono  entin; 
pieco.  The  steam  valve  is  per- 
fectly balanced)  i*  cushioned  nt 
each  end,  and  slides  with  the 
greatest  facility  Jtavbigno  cam*, 
nor  complex  rotary  arranat  menu 
(0  get  nut  of  order'.     Will  start  nt 


Hand  Power 


discharge  all  the  water  of  con 
deosntion.  The  Pump  has  no 
crunk  or  fly-wheel,  t hereby  sav- 
ing u  considerable  item  of  ex 
pense  to  the  purchaser.  Htivin, 
no  dead  potnlM,  itthereforeneedr- 
no  watching,  and  is  conBeQuent- 
ly  ready  to  start  without  usin-j; 
a  starting  bar  or  any  handwork 
whatever.  The  Blake  Pump  is 
extensively  used  on  Railroads 
and  Steamboats,  in  Hotels;  for 

Mechanics' Institute,  San  Francisco,  and  State  Fair  at  Sacramento,  as  being. the  best  steam  Pump  on  exhibition.    The 
agents  havo  recently  imported  several  of  the  largest-sized   Mining  Pumps  for  water  works,  and  deep  mines,  and  will  be 

Pleased  to  refer  parties  to  them;  we  cluim  for  it,  that  it  is- the  most  simple  anil  durable, and  consequently  the  best  Steam 
'ump  ever  built.  For  sale  by  TREAD  WELL  &  CO.,  Machinery  Depot,  old  stand,  corner  of  Market  and  Fremont 
streets,  San  Francisco,  who  will  be  pleased  to  send  circulars  to  any  address,  or  show  iis  advantages  to  parties  calling  on 
them. 


Alining  and  Fire  purposos; 
Breweries,  Tanneries,  Sugar 
Houses,  Factories,  Mills.  Laun- 
dries, and  as  Boiler  Feeders, 
whoreversteum  is  employed.  In 
fact,  wherever  water  or  other 
liquids  are  desired  to  he  raised 
in  large  or  small  quantities,  or 
ugainst  heavy  or  h«ht  pressure, 
it  is  the  cheapest  and  best 
Pump  that  can  ho  used.  It  is 
offered  to  the  puhlie  as  the 
most  perfect  independent  steam 
Pump  ever  invented.  Forty 
different  sizes  are  made,  capa- 
ble of  throwing  from  1,000  to 
200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and 
adapteil  to  any  class  of  work 
that  may  bo  required.    Every 

Jiump  will  be  warranted  to  per- 
oral the  work  required  of  it  by 
the  purchaser,  or  it  may  be  re- 
turned and  the  money  will  be 
cheerfully  roiuncled.  Tlio  Blako 
Pump  was  awarded  a  silver 
Medal  at  the   exhibition  of  the 


It  has  no  Cams  or  Rotary  Complex  Valves.    It  jhas  stood  the  test  wherever  tested. 

IT    IS    SIMPLE,     COMPACT,  DURABLE,    AND    POWERFUL. 

[^Manufactured  by  Geo.  E.  Blake  &  Co.,  Boston,  who  1311111!  and  have  on  hand  a  larger  variety 
of  Steam  Pumpa  than  any  other  concern  in  the  country,  embracing  forty  different  sizes,  and 
capable  of  throwing  from  1,000  to  200,000  gallons  an  hour,  and  adapted  to  every  description  of 
work  required.    Eg^Send  for  circular  and  prices. 

The  largest  stockin  the  country  at  the  Machinery  "Warehouse  of 

TREADWELL    &    CO.. 

Manufacturers'   Agents,   comer  Market   and  Front  Streets,   San   Francisco. 

E^3  Machinery  Depot  for  Miners,  Milimen,  and  Engineers'  Supplies.  Iron  and  "Wood  Ma- 
chinery; Portable  Engines;  Mills;  Machinists'  and  Mechanics',  Miners' and  Farmers' Tools; 
Sturtevant's  Blowers,  Turbine  "Waterwheels,  Etc.,  Etc. 

^__ 6v24-eowbp 


Extract     from     Official     Report     ot     Mechanics'     Institute     ITa-ir     of     San 

Francisco,      lS^l. 

"  In  the  foregoing  trials  it  appears  that  the  most  efficient  Pomp  on  exhibition  is  the  KNOWLES.  The  worlc- 
manBhip  on  this  Pump  is  also  very  good.  We  would  therefore  recommend  that  this  Pump  receive  a  Saver  Medal. 
(Diploma  awarded) .    Signed  by  the  Committee  : 

H.  B.  ANGELL, 
MELVILLE  ATWOOD." 


Ilv3-awbp 


G.  W.  DICKIE, 
CHAS.  R.  STEIGER, 


W.  EPPELSHEIMER, 


THE       SELDEN       PUMP, 


N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets, 
trance  on  Natoma  stTeet. 


S.  F.    En 
6v23-3m 


Combines    Simplicity    and    Durability    to   a    Remarkable   Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Agent  "Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope. 


A.     CARR, 

43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

7v23-ly-eow 


THEODOEE   KALLENBEKG, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  binds  of  Dies, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Eepaii-ing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


The   Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     TJSE! 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
301  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
!»■  Send  for  Circular.  13v24.3m 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODQERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADT1SCE8  MADE 

On  nil  L  lii.l.  of  Or«i,  nod  purtlcnlur  ntlcntlm 

PAID  TO 

CU.VSKJ.VMUXTS  OF  GOOD*. 
«vl«3nj 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

4.U1    M  out;:  Miii-t  \    St.  ii|'  atftfra. 

Particular  attention  given  to  tho  Analysis  of  Ores 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdtfl,  Mineral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  iu  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particula: 
brunch  of  Chemistry  ut  tho  laboratory.  llv*-!l-3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallnrsrio:i! 

CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil    Coramci-clul    Street, 

(Opposite  tho  U.  S.  Branch  Mint, 

San  Fhancibco,  Cal.  7v21-Sn: 


J.   W.   THUBMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  la  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  ORDERS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-(im 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    ttia    CALIFORNIA    8TBEET, 

Ono  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.   A.   MARS,   Assayer. 
Q&~  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  eto.       10v2C 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves. 

SWANSEA. 

Richardson  &  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  years  established 
in  Swansea  as  Agents  for  thopreiniration,  StunpliiiR,  Assay- 
ing, and  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Cold,  Lead,  Zinc,  and  ail 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  for  which  tlieyhuve  extensive  "Ware- 
houses  and  Wharves  under  cover.  l.OuO  feet  of  Quav  Front- 
ago  within  the  Flouting  Dock,  and  the  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  against  Ores  in  anticipation  i-f  realization,  and  tu 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  17v24-ly 


Q.  W.  STRONG. 


W.  L.  stiioni; 


C.   W.   STRONG   &   CO., 
Metallnirg-ical    "Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Franoisoo 

"Wo  purchase  OreB,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  flletals.  23v'22tf 

PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  "Wire,  Etc.,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York, 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pi"-chased.  23718 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS    OF    AND    DEALERS    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
513  >nd  514  Washington  street,  8AN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  tho  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  largo  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  minos  on  tho  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances^ — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  'Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifi- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  'or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware-a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
flS?~  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


288 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  4,  1872. 


Scientific  Press 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  side  of  the  continent. 
Established  in  1860.  Inventors  can.  rely  upon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Longfamiliarity  with 
Mining,  Panning,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
this  coaBt,  enables  ub  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Inventors  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Union,  and  oftentimes  save  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  wobtht  inventions  patented  by  us 
will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  moBt  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Press  and 
the  P/oifio  Kdbal  Prebs. 

Send  for  our  52-page  illustrated  Patent  Circular, 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  stamp.  Also  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870. 

DEWEY    &    CO., 

No.  338  Montgomery   8t.,    S.    E.    cor.    California   Bt., 
diagonally  across  from  "Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

ACTIVE  MEN ! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN"    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers of  the  SCIENTIFIC  PRESS  and  the  PACIFIC  BU- 
BAL PBESS,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


KTJSTEL'S     BOOK 

— ON  THE— 

Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  includ- 
ing the   Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sul- 
phurets,  Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  gen- 
erally, with  120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1867. 
PRICE  REDUCED  TO  S5.    For  sale,  wholesale  and 

retail,  at  the  office  of  the  Scientific  Press.  mi-lni 

ALL    KINDS    OF 

Office    Desks    and    Book    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  by 

JOHNSON   &   BEST, 

No.  311  Pine  street,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bant, 


18v24-Gm 


San  Fijancisco. 


UNIVERSITYC0U-E6l£* 

COBNEB  GEARY  AND  STOCKTON  STREETS,  S.  F 

Young  and  Middle-aged  Men  and  Boys  may  enter  on 
any  week  day,  and  in  addition  to  all  the  advantages  to 
be  enjoyed  at  any  other  Business  College,  have  access  to 
the  General  Lectures  and  Literary  Exercises  of  the  Uni- 
versity. Our  Diploma  is  received  as  conclusive  evi- 
dence of  proficiency  by  the  Bankers,  Merchants  and 
buBineBB  men.  Ilv3-tf 


m 


BRYANT*  STRATTON 

NESSC0L1 

2U-  POST  S?  . 
SAN  FRANC  IS  P.fft 


IS  THE  LEADING  COMMEECIAL  S0300L  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  instruction  is  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heald's  Col- 
lege Journal. 

Address  E.  P.  HEALD, 

Preslient  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 

3v3-eowbp 


California  File  Manuf ' g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  8am  Franoisoo. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Piles. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 

E£APGK  ANB  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  yvl'J-by 


H  E  IV  r>  Y  '  s   , 

LATEST    IMPROVED    PATENT    SELF-DISCHARGING    SULPHURETS 
CONCENTRATOR. 


Can  be  seen  at  the  Manufactory,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Those  in  want  of  Concentrators  would  do  well  to  visit  some  of  the  quartz  mills  that  have  Hendy's  Patent 
Concentrators  in  use,  and  satisfy  themselves  before  purchasing  other  Concentrators  of  pretended  merit.  THEY 
ARE  WARRANTED  TO  WORK  SATISFACTORILY. 

The  principle  upon  which  HENDY'S  PATENT  CONCENTRATOR  is  constructed  is  the  only  true  and 
mechanical  one  for  the  purpose  of  concentration. 

Centrifugal    Force    and    Gravitation, 

Combined  as  they  are  in  this  Machine,  cannot  fail  to  accomplish  the  object  sought. 

Many  certificates  from  proprietors  of  mills,  who  have  thiB  Concentrator  in  use,  can  be  had  if  required,  giving 
the  most  flattering  accounts  of  its  efficiency. 

A  moBt  substantial  evidence  of  its  worth  is  the  faot  that  its  proprietor  is  receiving  repeated  orders  from  those 
who  are  using  them,  and  who  have  tested  their  merits. 

The  proprietor  has  still  farther  improved  the  machine,  making  it  stronger  and  still  more  durable.  He 
flatters  himself  that  the  added  advantages  leave  nothing  further  to  be  -desired  as  the  perfection  of  the  machine. 

Itefex-eiices : 

Reference  iB  made  to  the  following  mills,  some  of  which  have  had  HENDY'S  CONCENTRATORS  in  use  for 
over  four  years. 

EMPIRE  MILL.     (8  Concentrators) .Grass  Valley,  Nevada  County. 

NORTH  STARM.  &  M.  CO.     (8  Concentrators) Grass  Valley,  Nevada  County. 

VULTURE  CO.   (8  Concentrators) Prescott,  Arizona. 

NOYE'S  <fc  CO'S  MILL.     (2  Concentrators) ■• Prescott,  Arizona. 

LUCY  MINING  CO.    (3  Concentrators) Owyhee  District,  Idaho. 

EL  TASTE  CO.     (3  Concentrators) ■■ SeS???'  MPXIJS°- 

ST.  LAWRENCE  MILL ■  ...Georgetown,  El  Dorado  Co. 

ST.  PATRICK  MILL Newcastle,  Placer  Co. 

J  ULIAN  MILL Newoastle,  Placer  Co. 

VIRTUE  MILL Oregon. 

CAUTION— All  of  HENDY'S  PATENT  CONCENTRATORS  are  marked  thus:  "J.  HENDY,  Patented  April 
17th,  18(58,  and  May  19th,  1868." 

For  full  description  send  for  Circular.    Orders  or  letters  of  enquiry,  address, 

JOSHUA   HENDY,  San  Francisco. 
Office  and  works,  32  Fremont  street.  18v24-lam-tf 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Axe  now  manufacturing  boBides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    S    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

BA.NK     BLASTING,     COAL     MINES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROOK    18    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

Price.    SO  Cents  per    round. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 


20v22-3mlGp 


General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

j^"  Send  for  Circulars.  13v2i-3m 


Price  Per  Copy. .15  Cents  |  Annual  SuBSCRn?TicN..$10 

SAN    FRANCISC0~NEWS    LETTER 

AND  CALIFORNIA  ADVERTISER. 
Devoted  to  the  Leading  Interests   of  California  and  the  Pacific 

Coast, 

The  News  Letter  is  the  most  reliable  organ  representing 
the  moneyed  and  substantial  interests  of  the  City  and 
State;  its  Banking,  Real  Estate,  Commerce,  Insurance, 
Mining  and  other  Stocks.  It  reflects  the  times  as  they 
pass; men,  manners,  literature,  theatricals  and  follies.  It 
is  piquant  and  pungent  by  turns— wise,  "witty,  grave,  gay, 
lively  and  severe;  the  mentor,  whip  and  mirror  of  the 
town.  Sold  by  all  Booksellers  and  News  Agents  through- 
out the  world. 

Office—  6.'3  Montgomery  street,  opposite  Montgomery 
Blook.  Also,  Offices  of  the  "China  Mail,"  "Mail  Bag, 
"  City  Index  and  Purchaser's  Guide,"  etc. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E.,  J? 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSAYER  AND  METALLURGIST,       g- 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  oa 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  -H 
lurgists'  Companion."  {The  very  Comprehensive  0> 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  ,5 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "Prospector's  Wee  Pet  3- 
Aseaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  r*" 


MAGAZINES. 

Harper's 

Atlantic 

Godey 

New  YorkLedgBr... 

Blackwood 

Hours  at  Home 

Good  Words 

Peterson  s 

Arthur    

Lady  s  Friend 

Harper'B  Weekly... 
Chimney  Corner.... 

Literary  Album 

London  Society 

All  the  Year  Round 
Loudon  111.  News.   .. 


3  00 

5  00 

6  00 
15  00 


W.  E.  L00MIS, 
Ne-ws  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  comer  of  Sanaome  and 

Washington  streets, 

SUPPLIES    ALL 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BT  THE 

Year,  Month,  or  Number 


Rubber 

and 

Oak -Tanned 

Leather 

New  Stock,  just  in;  Pawtucket  manuf acture;  stand- 
ard quality— warranted  Vie  best.  Come  and  see  and  get 
prices,  or  give  it  a  trial. 

TEEADWELL    &    CO., 
12v24-eow      Market,  cor.  FremontSt.,  San  Francisco. 


W.  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO 

C  I  T  Y 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc'and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

C  JUSTIN  G6, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

T.1VEKN     ANW         .  AXD      HEL1.S,     GOStlS, 

FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND   LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  CockB, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hobo  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Glohes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

6^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRA8S.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GARRATT,  JAMES  BTXLMAH,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPATJLDLNG, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANT/FACTUBEB  OF' 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  bo  the  most  durable  and  economi. 
cal  Sawa  in  the  World, 

Eacb  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MLLLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  KOYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francibco. 


O.    F.JR.    R. 

COMMENCING 

Monday,   April  29th,    1872. 
And  until  further  notice,  Trains  and  Boats  will 

LEAVE    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


7  fid  J^-  M-  Overland  Express  Train  for  Sacramento, 
'•""  Marysville,  Rod  BlulT,  Colfax,  Reno,  Ogden  and 
Omaha. 

3  (Id  **■  ^*  ^an  J°se  Passenger  Train,  stopping  at  all 
**,ww  way  Stations. 


4-  Of)  p-  M-*   Passenger  Train  for  Stockton,  Merced  and 

t»**»*    Sativum  fin  t.n. 


g  Oft  P.  M.    Overland  Emigrant  Train,  Tliro.ugh  Freight 
w  and  Accommodation. 


7  30  A'  M*    Steamer  New  World  (from  Broadway  Wharf) 
,XJJJ  —Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  Trains  of  California 
Pacific  Railroad. 


4-  00  ^"  ^',*  Sacramento  Steamer  (from  Broadway 
T,"u  Wharf).  Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  trains  of  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad. 

O  QQ  P.  M.*  Steamer  Antelope,  from  Broadway  Wharf, 
tmtVXJ  connecting  at  Donahue  with  Trains  of  S.  F.  and 
North  Pacific  Railroad. 


O  f\f\  A.  M.  Excursion  Boat  (Sundays  only)  from  Broad- 
o.uu  way  Wharf,  connecting  with  Special  Train  of  S.  F. 
&  N.  P.  R.  R.  for  Cloverdale  and  intermediate  points,  re- 
turning to  San  FranciBCO  by  7  r.  M. 


OAKLAND  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00, 
8  10,  9  2u,10  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  10.1  50,  3  00,  4  00,  5 15, 630,8  (W 
9.20  and  "11  30  p.  m.    (9  20,  11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn.  *;">  30,  6  40,  i  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m„  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10.  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5  40,  650,  8  00,  910,  10  00,  and  1110  a. 
m.,  1200, 1  40,  2  50,  3  50,  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.— Lea ve  San  Fbancisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  11 15  a.  tn.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  Ou  p.  m.  (7  20,  U  15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  Haywj*eds,*4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  900and  1120  a.  m.,  130, 

05  and  5  30  p.  m.  *  Except  Sundays. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. Gen'I  Snpt. 

Important    to    Minors. 


FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  QuicJcsilver. 

For  particulars  address 
WATERS  <&  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
16v24-3m 


PLUMBAGO    CRUCIBLES. 

MORGAN'S    CELEBRATED     PLUMBAGO     CRUCI- 
BLES,  all  Bizes  (except  26  and  30),  from  No.  1   to  100, 
for  sale  lowto  close  consignment, 
llv24-tf  A.  S.  HALLTDIE,  C10  Front  street,  S.  F. 


BY    I>E"WKY    A    CO., 

Patent    Solicitor*. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAY  11,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

Number    19. 


Sutter's  Mill— Where  Gold  was  First 
Discovered. 

The  accompanying  illustration  will  call 
many  to  the  minds  of  pioneers  of  California, 
pleasant  reminiscences  of  those  favored 
and  long  to-be-remembored  days,  the  days 
of  "  49."  It  represents  Sutter's  mill,  where 
the  first  practical  discovery  of  gold  was 
made,  which  led  to  the  "  excitement "  of 
1849  and  the  immense  influx  of  people 
from  all  parts  of  tho  world  to  our  shores, 
ultimately  resulting  in  the  opening  of  the 
gold  fields  of  the  Sierras,  the  civilization 
and  settlement  of  our  glorious  State;  the 
discovery  of  the  unbounded  field  of  min- 
eral country  on  the  Pa- 
cifio  Coast;  and  the  de- 
velopment of  the  num- 
berless resources  of 
muoh-favored  California, 
as  well  as  adjacent  States 
and  Territories.  Sutter's 
mill  was  situated  on  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Amer- 
ican river,  in  El  Dorado 
time  County,  for  a  time 
known  as  the  ' '  Empire 
County "  of  the  State. 
The  story  of  the  discov- 
ery of  gold  by  James  W. 
Marshall  is  briefly  as  fol- 
lows: 

Marshall  was  building 
a  sawmill,  under    con- 
tract, for  John  A.  Sutter, 
at    the    locality     above 
mentioned,  and,  on  the 
19th   of    January,    1848, 
turned  the  water  into  the 
race.     The  swift  current 
of  the  race  washed  away 
considerable  earthy  mat- 
.   ter,  exposing   numerous 
ooarse  particles  of  gold, 
one  of  which,  when   the 
water  ran  clear,  was  picked  up  by  Marshall. 
He   gave   the  piece   to  Mrs.  Weimer,  the 
wife  of  his  partner,  who  was  at  the  time 
cooking  for  the  men,  and,  according  to 
Samuel  Brannan,  Esq.,  in  a  recent   letter 
to  the  Calistoga  Tribune,  it  is  still  in  her 
possession  in   Santa  Barbara.     Although 
Marshall   was   confident   that  he  had  dis- 
covered gold,  he  knew  nothing  of   either 
chemistry  or  gold  mining,  so  he  could  not 
prove  the  nature  of  the  metal  or  tell  how 
to  obtain  it  in  paying  quantities.  He  went 
down  to  the  mill,  however,  every  morning 
to  look  for  more  pieces,  but  the  men  with 
him  having  no   faith  in  the   value  of   his 
discovery,  paid  little  attention  to  what  he 
was  doing.    His  specimens  continued  to 
accumulate,  and  about  the  middle  of  Feb- 
ruary, Mr.  Bennet,  one  of  the  party  at  the 
mill,  came  down  to  San  Francisco  to  learn 
whether  the  metal  was  really  gold  or  not. 
A  man  named  Isaac  Humphrey,  who  had 
washed  gold  in  Georgia,  immediately  re- 
cognized it  as  the  "  pure  stuff."    He  went 
back  to   Sutter's  Mill   (or  Coloma)    with 
Bennett,  where  they  arrived  on  the  7th  of 
March.    A  few  of  the  men  were  indolently 
hunting  for  the  gold,  but  without  much 


faith  as  to  its  really  being  such,  and  work 
at  the  mill  was  going  on  as  if  there  were 
none  in  the  neighborhood.  After  Hum- 
phrey had  washed  a  pan  of  dirt  from  the 
bottom  of  the  mill  race  in  the  place 
where  Marshall  had  found  his  specimens, 
he  became  convinced  that  the  mines  were 
far  richer  than  any  he  had  ever  seen. 

A  rocker  was  made  and  thesearoh  began 
in  earnest.  The  other  men  at  the  mill  see- 
ing his  success  and  confidence  in  the  dis- 
covery immediately  quit  work,  made  rock- 
ers for  themselves  and  started  to.  work 
hunting  for  gold,  everything  else  being 
abandoned. 

We  give  herewith  an  illustration  of  the 


John  Bidwell  also  oame  to  Coloma,  and, 
returning  with  a  party  of  Indians  from 
his  ranch,  began  washing  gold  on  the 
bars  of  Feather  Eiver,  75  miles  from  Co- 
loma. Some  of  the  men  became  dissatisfied 
because  Marshall,  Weimer,  Bennett  and 
Capt.  Sutter  claimed  the  right  of  discovery, 
and  chargod  all  who  worked  there  10  per 
cent.,  so  they  prospected  for  themselves, 
and  found  good  diggings  about  25  miles 
down  tho  river,  at  a  place  which  has  since 
been  known  as  Mormon  Island.  By  this 
means  the  mines  were  immediately  opened 
at  several  different  points,  proving,  in  a 
measure,  their  extent  and  value. 

The  first  printed  notice  of  the  discovery 


SUTTER'S    MILL— WHERE    GOLD    WAS    FIRST    DISCOVERED, 


mill  from  a  painting  by  Chas.  Nahl,  be- 
longing to  Mr.  A.  Roman,  of  this  city,  which 
was  taken  from  a  sketch  made  in  1851.  It 
was  located  in  a  beautiful  valley  on  the  South 
Fork  of  the  American  River.  At  the  time 
of  discovery  Coloma  contained  a  dou- 
ble log  cabin,  and  about  eighteen  per- 
sons, exclusive  of  Indians.  From  that 
time  to  the  present  the  place  has  experi- 
enced the  usual  vicissitude  incident  to  a 
mining  camp  where  the  population  is 
always  changing. 

The  mill  was,  we  believe,  never  comple- 
ted, and  the  sketch  shows  it  as  it  was  left 
at  that  time.  Among  the  persons  who 
were  there  at  the  time  of  the  discovery, 
were  J.  W.  Marshall,  E.  Pierson,  John 
Weimer,  Peter  Weimer,  W.  H.  Scott,  A. 
Stephens,  H.  Bigler  and  C.  Bennet. 

In  the  middle  of  March,  P.  B.  Reading, 
visiting  Sutter's  Fort,  heard  of  the  gold, 
and  on  going  to  Coloma  and  seeing  the 
similarity  of  the  formation  and  that  of  his 
own  ranch,  near  the  head  of  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley,  started  back,  and  in  a  few 
weeks  was  washing  gold  on  the  bars  of 
Clear  Creek,  nearly  200  miles  northwest 
from  Coloma. 


of  gold  appeared  in  the  California  Star, 
which  was  published  in  San  Francisco,  on 
the  15th  of  March,  1858.  It  was  as  fol- 
lows: "  In  the  newly  made  race-way  of 
the  saw-mill  recently  erected  by  Captain 
Sutter,  on  the  American  Fork,  gold  has 
been  found  in  considerable  quantities. 
One  person  brought  $30  to  New  Helvetia, 
gathered  there  in  a  short  time." 

On  the  29th  of  May  the  same  paper  an- 
nouncing the  suspension  of  its  publica- 
tion, said:  "  The  whole  country,  from 
San  Francisco  to  Los  Angeles,  and  from 
the  sea-shore  to  the  base  of  the  Sierra 
Nevadas  resound  -with  the  sordid  cry  of 
gold!  gold!  gold!  while  the  field  is  left 
half  planted,  the  house  half  built,  and 
everything  neglected  but  the  manufacture 
of  picks  and  shovels,  and  the  means  of 
transportation  to  the  spot  where  one  man 
obtained  $128  worth  of  the  real  stuff  in 
one  day's  washing;  and  the  average  for  all 
conoerned  is  $20  per  diem." 

Immediately  after  this  commenced  the 
great  "  '49  rush,"  with  which  most  of  our 
readers  are  acquainted. 

There  has  been  considerable  discussion 
as  to  Marshall's  claims  to  being  the  first 


disooverer  of  gold  in  California  at  Sutter's 
Mill,  and  a  number  of  persons  have  pre- 
sented themselves  as  candidates  for  the 
honor.  Geo.  M.  Evans  in  a  recent  letter 
to  the  Oregon  Bulletin,  claims  that  he, 
Stearns  and  T.Sirrinewere^the  discoverers, 
and  Sam  Brannan,  Esq.,  was  the  first  one 
who  made  the  fact  publicly  known.  The 
latter  gentleman  seeing  the  letter  referred 
to,  republished  in  the  Calistoga  Tribune, 
denies  the  statement  by  giving  substanti- 
ally the  facts  above  mentioned  to  the  effect 
that  it  was  James  W.  Marshall,  and  says 
that  there  are  many  living  witnesses  to 
testify  to  their  correctness.  It  is  gener- 
ally conceded  that  Marshall  was  the  first 
practical  discoverer  of 
gold  in  California,  al- 
though its  existence  in 
this  country  was  known 
for  some  years  before. 
The  Indians  had  several 
times  brought  small 
quantities  to  the  mis- 
sions, but  no  steps  were 
ever  taken  to  ascertain 
the  localities  or  work 
the  mines. 

In  Hakluyt's  account 
of  the  visit  of  Sir  Fran- 
cis Drake  to  the  Califor- 
nia Coast,  in  1579,  the 
following  statement  oc- 
curs concerning  its  min- 
eral wealth.  "  There  is 
no  part  of  the  earth  here 
to  be  taken  up  wherein 
there  is  not  a  reasonable 
quantity  of  silver  and 
gold."  There  is  little  rea- 
son to  believe,  however, 
that  he  verified  this 
statement.  But  Alex- 
ander Forbes,  in  1835 
wrote,  "  no  minerals  of 
particular  importance 
have  yet  been  found  in 
Upper  California  nor 
any  ores  of  metals,"  and 
speaking  of  Hijar's  em- 
igrants who  arrived  in 
in  1833,  he  said  that  "  there  were  among 
them  goldsmiths  proceeding  to  a  country 
wbere  there  was  no  gold."  There  are  re- 
ports that  silver  waB  discovered  in  Alizal, 
Monterey  Co.,  in  1802,  and  gold  in  San 
Isidro,  San  Diego  Co.,  in  1822.  In  a  col- 
lection of  documents  relative  to  the  de- 
partment of  California  by  Manuel  Castan- 
ares,  a  letter  written  by  him  to  the  Mexi- 
can Government  in  1844,  speaks  of  a  de- 
posit of  gold  discovered  in  the  previous 
year  about  45  miles  from  Los  Angele3. 
He  says  that  there  were  in  circulation  in 
Los  Angeles  about  2,000  ounces  of  gold 
taken  from  these  deposits  when  he  left  for 
Mexico. 

Prof.  Dana,  the  geologist  of  Wilke  s  Ex- 
ploring Expedition,  Bays  gold  rocks  and 
veins  of  quartz  were  observed  by  him  in 
1842  near  the  Umpqua  river  in  Oregon, 
and  pebbles  from  similar  rooks  along  tho 
shores  of  the  Sacramento  river,  and  when 
speaking  of  the  localities  of  gold,  says  that 
it  may  be  found  in  "California  between 
the  Sierra  Nevada  and  the  Sacramento  and 
San  Joaquin  rivers". 

The  State  Legislature  have  established 
Marshall's  claims  as  the  first  discoverer  by 
giving  him  a  pension  and  although  the 
credit  has  been  given  by  various  persons 
to  various  others,  even  to  "Indian  Jim,  a 
Digger  Indian"  it  is  likely  that  Marshall's 
name  will  go  down  to  posterity  as  the  man 
whose  discovery  resulted  in  the  great  "Cal- 
ifornia excitement  of  1849." 


290 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS} 


[May  ii,  1872. 


vORRESPONDENCE. 


The   Mines   of  Utah. 

[Written  for  the  Scientific  Press.] 

Editors  Press: — As  the  mines  of  Utah 
are  at  present  attracting  so  much  attention 
both  athome  and  abroad,  it  may  he  interest- 
ing to  your  readers  to  learn  some  items  in 
regard  to  the  principal  mines,  and  the  dis- 
tricts in  which  they  are  situated.  There 
is  little  doubt  in  the  minds  of  those  whose 
knowledge  and  experience  in  such  matters 
entitle  them  to  be  considered  competent 
judges,  that  the  vast  mineral  treasures 
already  discovered  in  these  mountains  are 
but  an  iota  compared  to  the  {wealth  still 
hidden  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth,  and 
that  the  Kingdom  of  the  Latter  Day  Saints 
is  destined  to  become  the  long  sought  for 
El  Dorado  of  the  great  West.  New  dis- 
coveries are  continually  being  made  which 
tend  to  corroberate  this  opinion,  and  the 
amount  of 

Foreign  Capital 
Which  is  pouring  in  is  conclusive  proof 
that  business  men  abroad  have  confidence 
that  mining  in  Utah  is  not  a  mere  tempo- 
rary excitement,  but  will  be  a  lucrative 
and  permanent  branch  of  industry.  In 
addition  to  the  already  computed  $3,- 
000,000  of  Eastern  and  Western,  and  $7,- 
000,000  of  English  capital  invested  in 
Utah  mines,  a  largo  increase  is  confi- 
dently expected  this  spring,  and  it  is 
rumored  that  financiers  of  other  European 
countries  are  also  going  to  enter  the  field. 
Great  fortunes  have  already  been  made, 
and  it  is  not  presumptive  to  hope  that 
many  more  will  be  made,  even  before  the 
close  of  the  present  season,  which  is  just 
now  opening.  Another  advantage  which 
we  have  over  other  mining  countries,  is 
our  agricultural  resources,  which  are  ade- 
quate to  a  much  larger  population  than 
Utah  yet  has,  and  peace  reigns  in  the  Ter- 
ritory, notwithstanding  the  false  represen- 
tations that  life  and  property  are  insecure. 
Life  and  property  are  as  safe  here  as  in 
any  part  of  the  United  States. 

According  to  Froiseth's  new  mining  and 
sectional  map  of  Utah,  there  are  forty- 
seven  organized 

Mining  Districts 
In  the  Territority,  many  of  which  have 
been  organized  during  the  past  year.  In 
some  of  these  districts  very  little  work  has 
been  done  the  past  winter,  on  account  of 
severe  weather  and  unusual  deep  snows  in 
the  canons,  while  in  others  the  work  of 
development  has  been  vigorously  pushed 
forward  in  spite  of  "  wind  and  weather." 
In  many  districts  it  has  been  impossible  to 
continue  work,  except  upon  those  mines 
which  were  already  partially  developed, 
and  those  lodes  which  were  only  prospected 
have  been  obliged  to  lie  quietly  under  the 
snow  until  the  advent  of  spring  weather. 
In  the 

Cottonwood  Canons 
The  snow  fell  incessantly  for  ten  to  fifteen 
days  in  succession,  thus  occasioning  well 
grounded  fears  of  some  snow-slides,  one 
or  two  of  which  have  occurred  in  Little 
Cottonwood.  Notwithstanding  these  draw- 
backs, considerable  work  has  been  done 
in  both  these  districts,  and  the  mines,  es- 
specially  those  in  the  vicinity  of  Emma 
Hill,  look  very  promising.  The  celebra- 
ted "Emma"  has  been  turning  out  im- 
mense quantities  of  rich  ore  all  winter, 
and  there  are  other  lodes  which  it  is 
thought  will  be  equally  valuable  when 
fully  developed.     Among  the 

Most  Prominent  Mines 
of  Little  Cottonwood  are  the  Elag  Staff, 
Davenport,  North  Star,  Savage,  Wander- 
ing Boy,  Montezuma,  Lexington,  Dexter 
and  Mountain  Queen.-while  in  Big  Cotton- 
wood are  the  Highland  Chief,  Prince  of 
Wales,  Wellington,  Beed  &  Benson,  and 
other  finely  developed  mines  too  numer- 
ous to  mention.  Some  work  has  also  been 
done  in  Uintah,  Snake,  Howland,  Silver 
Lake  and 

American  Fork  Districts 
With  good  success.  This  last  named  dis- 
trict is  very  promising  and  contains  a 
large  number  of  excellent  mines,  from  one 
of  which,  the  "  Miller,"  immense  bodies 
of  argentiferous  galena  have  been  taken 
out.  The  Miller  is  owned  by  Vanderbilt 
of  New  York  and  K.  N.  Baskin  of  this 
city,  under  the  organization  of  the  Sultana 
Smelting  Company,  who  have  erected  two 
furnaces  at  a  place  called  Forest  City, 


about  two  miles  from  the  mine,  which  has 
been  connected  with  a  tramway  for  the 
transportation  of  ore  direct  to  the  smelt- 
ers. In  the  same  canon  opposite  from  the 
Miller,  are  the  Mary  Ellen  and  the  Live 
Yankee.  On  these  two  mines  three  shafts 
have  been  sunk,  besides  a  tunnel  com- 
menced, and  an  open  cut,  and  quantities 
of  rich  ore  have  been  taken  out  containing 
lead,  silver  and  gold  in  paying  quantities. 
The  Pittsburgh  is  also  developing  finely 
and  there  are  many  other  mines  in  this 
camp  which  are  turning  out  fine  bodies  of 
ore.  Perhaps  one  of  the  most  promising 
districts  in  the  Territory  is 
Camp  Floyd. 

This  camp  has  the  advantage  over  many 
others,  in  the  miners  being  able  to  work 
all  winter  with  little  or  no  interruption 
from  the  snow.  During  the  pa6t  winter 
the  work  of  developing  has  been  pushed 
forward  with  great  vigor  and  is  still  being 
continued  showing  a  determination  on  the 
part  of  the  miners  to  maintain  the  pros- 
perous reputation  of  this  thriving  camp. 
Business  at  present  is  very  active  which  is 
based  upon  the  actual  merits  of  the  mines 
and  not  upon  wild  speculation.  A  large 
20-stamp  quartz  mill,  built  under  the  su- 
pervision of  Captain  E.  H.  Shaw,  the  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  Camp  Floyd  Silver 
Mining  Company  (English)  is  now  fast 
approaching  completion,  and  will  be  in 
running  order  by  May  15th.  The  bed  of  a 
tramway  from  the  mill  site  to  the  mines, 
has  recently  been  finished,  and  the  laying 
of  the  track  will  be  immediately  com- 
menced. 

A  New  York  party  who  lately  purchased 
the  Silver  Circle,  Wandering  Boy  and 
Buby  locations,  in  this  camp,  for  which 
they  paid  $75,000,  have  also  purchased  a 
mill-site  adjoining  and  below  the  mill  of 
the  camp  Floyd  Co.  They  are  now  vigor- 
ously at  work  developing  their  property 
and  have  already  struck  a  rich  body  of  ore. 
The  mines  are  all  situated  within  a  radius 
of  two  miles  from  Lewiston,  the  most 
prominent  of  which  may  be  considered  the 
Sparrow  Hawk.  Here  are  about  sixty  men 
employed  upon  this  great  mine,  sinking 
shafts  and  blasting  out  in  the  open  cuts 
and  tunnels,  and  it  is  turning  out  large 
bodies  of  rich  ore  from  their  different 
places.  Becently  two  new  places  were 
discovered  containing  immense  deposits  of 
rich  sulphurets  of  silver  and  horn  silver, 
and  if  present  indications  are  not  very  de- 
ceptive, the  Sparrow  Hawk  will  be  a  form- 
idable rival  in  fame  to  the  world  renowned 
"Emma."  There  is,  however,  this  differ- 
ence between  the  mines,  that  the  ore  of 
the  Emma  is  argentiferous  galena,  while 
the  Sparrow  Hawk  is  equally  rich  in 
almost  inexhaustible  stores  of  milling 
quartz  and  sulphuret  ores.  The  Last 
Chance  and  Marion,  two  other  very  good 
mines  as  well  as  the  Sparrow  Hawk  are 
owned  by  the  Camp  Floyd  Silver  Mining 
Co. 

Other  Prominent  Mines. 

There  are  so  many  mines  in  this  district 
whose  value  have  been  established  beyond 
a  doubt  during  the  past  winter  by  actual 
development,  that  it  is  impossible  to  partic- 
ularize, and  do  justice  to  all  in  one  letter; 
therefore  a  brief  mention  of  the  most  prom- 
ising must  suffice.  The  Camp  Douglas, 
which  bids  fair  to  be  as  good  as  the  Spar- 
row Hawk,  has  already  a  shaft  of  fifty-nine 
feet  in  depth,  besides  a  drift  of  five  feet 
in  addition,  which  is  to  be  continued  in  an 
easterly  and  westerly  direction.  From  the 
surface  to  the  present  depth  of  shaft  there 
is  a  body  of  vein  matter  the  entire  depth, 
and  the  showings,  some  twenty  feet  from 
the  surface  are  not  surpassed  by  any  yet 
met  with  in  the  mines  of  this  district. 
This  mine  is  owned  by  Gen.  Morrow  & 
Co.,  the  commandant  of  Fort  Douglas 
Military  Post.  The  Morrow  Lode,  owned 
by  the  same  company,  situated  one  mile 
distant  from  the  Mormon  Chief,  has  a 
shaft  fifty-three  feet  deep,  which  is  pros- 
pecting very  well;  and  judging  from  the 
large  outcroppings  exposed  to  view  upon 
the  surface,  this  mine  must  prove  very 
rich  when  further  developed.  South  and 
west  of  the  Sparrow  Hawk  are  several  goo.d 
mines,  which  are  very  promising.  Among 
these  are  the  Peerless,  Delaware,  Elk 
Horn,  Antelope  and  Bed  Eagle,  while  in  a 
northerly  direction  are  found  the  Grecian 
Bend,  Silver  Circle,  Wandering  Boy,  Star 
of  the  West,  America  and  Silver  Cloud. 
Among  the  mines  worthy  of  note  in  the 

Ophir  District 
Are  the  Hidden  Treasure,  Silver  Shield, 
Velocipede,  Silver  Chief,  San  Joaquin, 
Shamrock,  Mountain  Tiger,  Nabob,  Moun- 
tain Lion,  Monarch,  Zella,  Hard  to  Beat, 
and  Sweetwater,  all  of  which  will  be  vig- 
ously  worked  this  season. 

In  the  Stockton  District, 
Are  many  notable  mines,   among  which 


may  be  mentioned  the  Silver  King,  Legal 
Tender,  Metropolitan,  Grand  Cross,  Great 
Basin  and  Josephine.  Work  on  most  of 
these  mines  have  been  suspended  during 
the  winter,  but  will  soon  be  actively  re- 
sumed. There  is  already  a  furnace  built 
for  this  camp,  on  the  shores  of  Bush  Lake, 
about  one  mile  from  the  town  of  Stockton, 
and  two  additional  furnaces  are  being 
erected  this  season,  one  of  these  by  Jacobs 
&  Co.,  who  are  having  the  machinery 
brought  across  Great  Salt  Lake  by  the 
steamer  from  Corinne.  A  quartz  mill  has 
also  been  contracted  for,  and  when  all  this 
machinery  for  the  reduction  of  the  pre- 
cious metal  gets  fully  in  motion,  Stockton 
will  not  be  behind  any  of  the  mining 
camps  in  Utah. 

The  successful  establishment  of  the  Pio- 
neer Mills  in  East  Canon  by  the  Walker 
Bros,  and  the  opening  of  a  market  for  ores 
at  Beno  prices,  has  imparted  new  life  to 
the  whole  district  and  henceforth  we  may 
expect  substantial  results.  The  Akin  fur- 
nace is  pronounced  a  success,  which  is 
nothing  less  than  success  for  the  whole 
district.     In  the 

West  Mountain  or  Bingham  District, 

There  are  many  mines  worthy  of  notice; 
among  these  are  the  Winnemuck  mine, 
the  Pioneer  of  the  camp,  which  is  proving 
very  profitable  to  its  lucky  owners,  next 
comes  the  Galena,  Dixon,  Yosemite, 
George,  Merrimac,  Vespasian,  Fliess,  Ely, 
Portland,  Dartmoth,  and  Bed  Warrior,  all 
of  theBe  are  developing  finely,  and  a  num- 
ber of  these  will  unquestionably  sell  before 
the  close  of  the  season  at  a  renumerative 
figure  to  the  owners  who  have  had  to  toil 
hard  in  opening  them  up.  Travel  to  Bing- 
ham is  on  the  increase,  owing  mainly  to 
the  discovery  of  rich  silver  ore  in  Butter- 
field  canon  which  adjoins  Bingham.  A  car 
load  of  ore  worth  $10,000  came  in  lately, 
to  the  city ;  this  is  sufficient  to  attract  the 
prospectors.  The  Bingham  gold  mines  are 
are  also  expected  to  yield  largely  this  sea- 
son as  the  mines  are  supplied  in  many  in- 
stances with  hydraulic  machinery. 

The  Star  District, 

Some  250  miles  south  of  this  city,  has 
lately  been  attracting  considerable  atten- 
tion, not  only  among  Utah  miners,  but 
those  in  Nevada  and  California.  This  dis- 
trict was  discovered  two  years  ago,  but  did 
not  create  any  excitement  whatever.  Last 
fall  some  large  and  very  rich  ledges  were 
discovered,  which  have  developed  into 
splendid  mines,  among  the  leading  of 
which  are  the  Independence,  London,  Liv- 
erpool, Pitney,  Taylor,  Buby,  Mars, 
Franklin  and  Eclipse.  The  character  of 
the  mineral  rock  is  the  same  as  that  of 
Pioche,  and  the  ledges  are  clearly  trace- 
able for  a  mile  and  a  half  under  the  hill. 
Those  who  are  interested  in  this  district 
seem  to  think,  that  it  will  yet  prove  one  of 
the  richest  in  the  Territory.  Within  a 
radius  of  twenty-five  miles  from  Star  Dis- 
trict, are  located  the  Washington,  Granite, 
Lincoln,  and  Beaver  districts  in  Beaver 
County;  the  Ohio  and  Warsaw  districts, 
near  the  Sevier  river  in  Pine  County.  All 
these  districts  show  good  indications  of 
being  rich  in  minerals. 

Did  time  and  space  permit  I  might  par- 
ticularize in  regard  to  a  number  of  other 
districts,  which  are  worthy  of  note,  as  well 
as  those  which  I  have  mentioned.  I  have 
also  been  obliged  to  omit  both  the  descrip- 
tion and  names  of  many  prominent  mines, 
but  perhaps  I  may  have  an  opportunity  to 
speak  of  these  at  some  future  time. 

"  VV  AHSATCH  " 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  April  22,  1872." 


Craft-Schools  Wanted, 

To  remedy  the  aimlessness  and  unfitness 
for  life  with  which  our  education  leaves 
our  youth,  we  need  more  craft-schools, 
where  boys  can  become  practical  engi- 
neers, chemists,  printers,  machinists,  and 
even  farmers.  The  machinist  would  be 
none  the  worst  if  he  should  spend  his  even- 
ings over  Euclid  instead  of  lager;  the 
blacksmith,  if  he  knew  how  to  drive  home 
and  clinch  an  argument  in  metaphysics  as 
skillfully  as  a  horse-shoe  nail;  or  the  den- 
tist, if  he  could  extract  hidden  Greek  roots 
with  the  same  facility  as  grumbling  molars. 
Educated  men  would  dignify  any  of  these 
employments,  and  make  them  sought  and 
not  shunned  by  those  worthy  to  fill  them. 
A  man  who  wants  to  run  an  engine  ought 
to  be  educated  for  his  business,  just  as 
much  as  a  lawyer  for  his  profession.  We 
are  a  patient  and  long-suffering  people,  or 
we  would  never  permit  ourselves  to  be 
blown  up  by  hundreds  by  ignorant  engi- 
neers, who  know  nothing  more  of  the  mon- 
sters which  they  control  than  enough  to 
feed  them  with  wood  and  water,  and  oil  up 
theircreaking  joints;  or  suffer  ourselves  to 
be  sent  to  our  graves  by  striplings  in  short 


jackets,  who  give  us  arsenic  for  paregoric, 
and  strychnine  for  the  elixir  of  life.  The 
time  is  coming,  and  we  trust  is  not  far  dis- 
tant, when  all  these  positions  of  responsi- 
bility will  be  filled  by  men  of  education, 
and  can  be  filled  by  none  others;  when 
ignoramuses  will  be  obliged  either  to  fit 
themselves  for  their  proposed  labors,  or 
seek  other  employments. — Scrilmer. 

Lead  in  Oregon. 

-  The  Portland  Oregonian  says:  Several 
specimens  of  lead  ore,  discovered  near  the 
foot  of  the  Cascades  in  Linn  County,  have 
been  sent  to  this  city  for  analysis  by  J.  H. 
Fisk,  assayer.  From  him  we  learn  that 
after  testing  the  ore  he  found  it  to  contain 
about  GO  per  cent,  of  pure  lead  and  also  a 
very  fair  proportion  of  silver.  According 
to  the  results  of  the  assay,  2,000  pounds 
will  produce  1,200  pounds  of  lead,  and 
average  $18  in  silver.  This  is  regarded  as 
a  very  generous  yield  of  these  metals. 
This  mine  is  of  recent  discovery.  It  is 
known  as  the  Washington  Lode.  A  joint- 
stock  company  has  been  lately  incorpora- 
ted in  this  city  for  the  purpose  of  engag- 
ing in  the  development  of  these  valuable 
mines,  Mr.  Fisk  informs  us  that  almost 
inexhaustible  quantities  of  this  same  ore, 
with  all  the  indications  of  as  bounteous  a 
yield  of  the  same  metals,  have  been  dis- 
covered in  the  vicinity  of  Tillamook. 

Captain  Corno,  of  the  Mila  Bond,  has 
contracted  to  bring  over  on  his  return,  to 
this  city,  a  large  quantity  of  this  ore.  It 
will  be  analyzed  here,  and,  if  attended 
with  satisfactory  results,  run  into  bars  and 
sent  to  Europe.  All  these  things  demon- 
strate the  fact  that  Oregon  abounds  in  all 
the  rich  mineral  stores  which  are  essential 
in  building  up  and  developing  one  of  the 
most  promising  States  in  the  Union.  Cap- 
ital and  men  of  energy  and  enterprise  are 
what  is  wanted  to  reveal  and  turn  into 
profitable  channels  these  latent  sources  of 
a  State's  permanent  wealth. 

Sleep  and  Lodging. 

Next  to  food  comes  lodging.  To  secure  a  com- 
fortable bed  is  to  the  greater  part  of  mankind 
still  a  desideratum — and  yet  any  man  of  ordin- 
ary capacity  may  himself  make  the  foundation 
for  an  excellent  one  with  a  few  hours'  labor. 
"When  we  reflect  on  the  importance  of  sleep,  the 
time  thus  spent  will  not  appear  wap.tod.  "Without 
sleep  insanity  is  certain.  Nearly  one-third  of 
life  must  be  passed  in  sleep.  Why  we  are  thus 
constituted  is  not  to  the  present  purpose. 
What  relation  the  hours  of  sleep  hold  to  the  in- 
clination of  the  earth's  axis,  or  if  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  planet  Mars  sleep,  we  shall  not 
stop  now  to  inquire.  It  is  enough,  with  Sancho 
Panza,  to  invoke  blessings  on  the  man  that  in- 
vented sleep — "it  covers  one  so  like  a  blanket," 
"tired  nature's  sweet  restorer,  balmy  sleep," 
descending  as  it  does  "like  tired  eyelids  over 
tired  eyes." 

How  strange  it  is  that  in  this  decade  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  we  should  first  be  able  to 
compel  the  attendance,  certainly  and  securely, 
of  sleep — to  realize  the  truth  of  the  fable  of 
Lethean  waters.  Opium  gave  us  this  boon  at 
the  expense  of  a  feverish  reaction;  morphine 
promised  it,  hut  failed  in  the  performance; 
chloroform  gave  it,  but  at  a  serious  risk.  How 
suddenly  chloral  has  come  into  use!  Almost 
as  quickly  as  the  shades  of  night,  which  it  so 
aptly  represents,  has  this  invention  crossed  the 
Atlantic  on  downy  pinions  to  visit  the  abodes 
of  American  care  and  distracting  brain  labor. 
This  is  the  veritable  angel  of  sleep.  Of 
the  bed-bottoms  conducive  to  sleep:  The 
foundation  of  the  superstructure  should  be 
firm,  open,  elastic,  noiseless;  affording  no  har- 
bor to  insect  denizens.  It  is  of  no  conse- 
quence to  the  prominent  hip-bones  and  short 
ribs  of  an  emaciated  sleeper,  whether  they  are 
a  few  inches  more  or  less  distant  from  the  floor; 
but  it  is  of  consequence  that  the  prominent 
portions  of  the  body  should  find  for  themselves 
corresponding  depressions  in  the  supporting 
medium,  thus  extending  the  surface  of  contact 
and  avoiding  chafing. — Ex 

Lime  in  the  Hay-Mow. — The  New  York 
World  in  one  of  its  issues  last  fall  pub- 
lished a  successful  experiment  in  saving 
damp  hay  by  a  little  lime  scattered  over  it 
when  mowed  .  The  writer  kept  a  cow  and 
had  a  patch  of  clover  which  was  always 
cut  in  full  bloom  to  save  its  nutriment. 
Although  sweated  in  cock  it  was  very  diffi- 
cult to  make  it  dry  enough  to  mow;  but 
by  scattering  over  it  as  it  was  stowed  away 
a  few  quarts  of  dry  air  slaked  lime  it  be- 
came dry  and-entirely  free  from  mildew. 
He  told  many  farmers  of  the  experiment, but 
none  tried  it.  It  was  too  much  like  book- 
farming.  But  it  is  no  wonder  that  the 
old  fashioned  farmers  have  such  a  horror 
of  book-farming,  as  heretofore  the  most  of 
those  who  followed  it,  continues  the  writ- 
er, have  either  failed  in  practice,  or  car- 
ried on  their  farming  at  so  great  an  ex- 
pense that  the  increase  never  paid  the  malt- 


May  ii,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


291 


'echanical   Progress 


The  Physical  Properties  of  Steel. 

In  continuing  our  extracts  from  the  recently 
published  work  of  M.  S.  Graner,  of  the  Paris 
School  of  Mines,  it  may  be  remarked  that  ou 
the  authority  of  Caron,  that  it  has  becu  sue- 
cessfully  demonstrated  that  hammering  steel 
hid  produces  the  same  effect  as  tempering — 
causing  a  combination  of  the  carbon  and  iron. 
Grauer,  the  author  from  which  we  aro  glean- 
ing,  thiuks  both  hammering  and  tempering 
prevents  the  separation  of  the  two  substances 
already  combined. 

Peculiarities    of  Bessemer  Steel. 

It  is  a  fact  easy  of  demonstration  that  in 
the  Bessemer  steels,  made  in  Sweden  ami  Aus- 
tria, hardness  and  the  susceptibility  of  being 
tempered  depend  essentially  upon  the  propor- 
tion of  carbon  held  in  solution. 

In  Sweden  nine  grades  of  Bessemer  steel  are 
distinguished  according  to  their  hardness,  esti- 
mated by  the  tempering  power.  They  are  des- 
ignated by  the  numbers  1,  1%,  2,  2%,  etc.,  as 
high  as  5,  in  passing  from  the  hardest  to  the 
softest,  and,  at  the  works  of  Siljanfors,  analysis 
has  shown  very  near  the  following  proportions 
of  carbon: 

No.  1 2-ro  per  cent,  carbon. 

■'    1J4 MB 

"   2 l-BO       ':  " 

"  2* J' 25 

»  3 1-00        "  «■ 

"  3H 0*75 

"  4 0-OO 

"  *H 0*26 

"  6 0-05 

No.  1.  Links  white  pig  metal  with  the  hard- 
est steel;  it  may,  with  difficulty,  be  forged,  and 
does  not  weld. 

No.  \x/%.  Forges  tolerably  well,  but  does  not 
weld. 

No.  2.  Forges  well;  but  does  not  weld. 

No.  V/%.  Forges  well  and  commences  to  weld, 
although  with  difficulty. 

No.  3.  Forges  very  well,  and  may  be  welded 
in  the  hands  of  a  skillful  workman.  IHs  hard 
steel. 

No.  V/%.  Forges  very  well  and  welds_readily. 
It  is  ordinary  steel. 

No.  4.  Both  forges  and  welds  readily.  It  is 
soft  steel. 

No.  4%.  Forges  and  welds  perfectly,  but  has 
slight  tempering  power.  It  is  hard  or  granular 
iron. 

No.  5.  Forges  and  welds  perfectly,  but  has 
no  tempering  power.  It  is  cast  wrought  iron, 
or  homogeneous  metal. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  proportions  of 
carbon  above  quoted  have  no  absolute  power  as 
regards  the  tempering  power  and  the  facility 
with  which  the  irons  may  be  welded  or  drawn 
out.  The  purer  a  steel  is,  the  greater  may  be 
its  proportion  of  carbon  without  destroying  its 
welding  and  forging  power.  The  greater  part 
of  foreign  substances,  excepting  special  metals, 
such  as  tungsten,  titanium,  nickel,  etc.,  render 
steel  short  and  destroys  its  welding  power  when 
the  carbon  exceeds  a  certain  limit.  All  things 
being  equal,  the  limit  in  question  is  lower  ac- 
cording as  the  foreign  substances  are  more 
abundant.  This  being  the  case,  Bessemer  steels 
made  in  France,  and  especially  in  England, 
must  in  general  contain  less  carbon  than  Swed- 
ish steels.  They  are,  in  fact,  made  from  pig 
iron  of  less  purity;  Bessemer  steel,  in  England, 
rarely  contains  carbon  enough  to  admit  of  be- 
ing tempered,  and  can  hardly  be  called  steel. 

When  the  proportion  of  carbon  is  increased 
the  product  becomes  more  or  less  short. 

In  Austria,  as  in  Sweden,  where  very  pure 
pig  irons  are  treated  in  the  Bessemer  process, 
superior  products  are  likewise  obtained.  Tun- 
ner,  the  eminent  metallurgist  of  Leoben,  has 
adopted  a  system  of  classification  slightly  dif- 
fering from  the  Swedish.  He  has,  however, 
omitted  the  two  first  Swedish  numbers,  which 
belong  rather  to  white  pig  iron,  and  has  re- 
placed the  half  numbers  by  entire  numbers  in- 
creasing from  1  to  7. 

According  to  htm  the  theoretical  classification 
is  as  follows: 

No.  1.  Containing  1*5  per  cent,  of  carbon,  is 
malleable  but  yet  not  weldable  steel.  It  corres- 
ponds to  No.  2  of  the  Swedish  scale. 

No.  2.  Containing  1*25  percent,  of  carbon,  is 
malleable  steel,  but  difficult  to  weld. 

No.  3.  Containing  1*00  percent,  of  carbon,  is 
very  malleable  steel,  which  may  be  welded  by 
a  skillful  workman.    It  is  hard  steel. 

No.  4.  Containing  0-75  percent,  of  carbon,  is 
very  malleable  steel,  easily  welded.  It  is  ordi- 
nary steel. 

No.  5.  Containing  0-50  per  cent,  of  carbon,  is 
at  the  same  time  very  malleable  and  very  easily 
welded.     It  is  mild  steel. 

No.  6.  Containing 0*25  per  cent,  of  carbon. 
It  is  granular  iron,  which  is  tempered  with  dif- 
ficulty. 

No.  7.  Containing  0*05  percent,  of  carbon,  is 
homogeneous  iron,  which  cannot  be  tempered. 

"When  the  fining  is  carried  too  far,  a  softer 
metal  than  No.  7  is  obtained.  It  is  short,  with- 
out tenacity.  It  is  the  burnt  iron  of  the  black- 
smiths ;  according  to  Fremy,  an  oxidized  and 
not  a  nitrogenized  iron. 

A  New  Solder  Wanted. — The  Prussian  So- 
ciety for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial  Advance- 
ment at  Berlin  'offer  as  a  prize  a  silver  medal, 
or  its  value,  and  the  sum  of  1875f.  to  the  in- 
ventor of  a  yellow  solder  possessing  the  proper- 
ties and  quality  of  ordinary  tin  solder,  and  to 
be  used  for  soldering  brass  or  similar  alloys  so 
that  the  seams  will  not  be  visible. 


Early  Iron  Making  in  England. 

A  discovery  of  unusual  interest  has  just  taken 
place  at  Merthyr,  which  throws  a  little  light  on 
the  mode,  or  one  of  thr  earliest  modes,  of  mak- 
ing iron.  At  the  back  of  a  row  of  houses,  in 
Pontmorlais,  built  evidently  within  n  ten  feet 
from  a  long  bank  of  earth,  sufficient  soil  from 
this  bout  hud  been  sliced  uwuy  to  admit  of 
drains,  gardens,  and  other  accommodations, 
leaving  the  rest  intact,  and  that  this  remainder 
was  of  old  deposit  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact 
that  the  earliest  tramway,  for  which  an  Act  *>f 
Parliament  was  obtained  in  1804,  and  ou  which 
tramway  Trevithick  run  his  first  locomotive, 
passed  over  this  bank. 

Iu  the  rear  of  one  of  the  houses  occupied  by 
Mr.  John  Emery  s  Jones,  a  sculptor,  and  a  man 
of  more  than  ordinary  intelligence,  a  further 
portion  of  this  slope  was  cut  off  lately  by  .Mr. 
Jones,  and  in  the  progress  of  the  labor  he  came 
upon  several  huge  bones  and  a  vessel  of  baked 
fire-clay,  much  in  appearance  like  a  crucible, 
(m-ut  care  was  at  once  taken  in  the  exhuma- 
tion, and  the  character  of  the  discovery  solved 
itself  into  the  following: — In  the  centre  of  a 
circle  of  red  ashes,  placed  on  a  pitched  ground, 
was  a  circular  vessel  of  baked  fire-clay,  1  foot 
in  diameter  and  %  of  an  inch  wider  at  the  bot- 
tom than  at  the  top.  This  was  evenly  fined 
within,  and  at  the  bottom,  which  bore  traces  of 
great  heat,  were  the  remains  of  iron  cinder, 
lime  and  partially  fused  bones.  By  the  side  of 
this  were  pieces  of  rusty  iron  and  a  larger  col- 
lection of  bones,  evidently  of  animals. 

The  pieces  of  iron  when  fitted  together  ap- 
peared much  like  a  "tuyere"  for  conveying 
blast,  and  near  this  was  a  wall  built  a  little 
higher  than  the  vessel,  which,  when  examined 
by  practical  men,  supplied  the  key  to  this  inter- 
esting discovery.  It  would  seem  the  contriv- 
ance was  an  early  one  for  iron  making  or  for 
making  steel.  The  vessel  would  apparently  be 
filled  with  iron  ore,  coal,  bones  supplying  sul- 
phate of  lime;  limestone  for  yielding  carbonate 
of  lime,  and,  from  the  existence  of  mortared 
bricks  in  the  vicinity,  the  vessel  would  next  be 
bricked  up,  leaving  an  aperture  for  the  blast. 
It  is  supposed  that  a  circle  of  coal  fire  would 
then  be  brought  to  act  on  the  vessel,  and  when 
a  certain  degree  of  heat  had  been  attained  a  fire 
kindled  within,  and  the  blast  brought  to  bear 
upon  it  through  the  tuyere  from  a  bellows  erect- 
ed on  the  wall.  The  vessel  would  yield  but  about 
fifty  pounds  weight  of  iron,  a  fact  which  hints 
at  very  primitive  times  in  iron  making.  If  the 
contrivance — certainly  long  prior  to  the  Besse- 
mer era — were  for  blowing  in  the  oxygen  and 
making  steel,  the  discovery  is  even  of  still 
greater  interest. 

Utilization  of  Slags. — We  referred  a  few 
weeks  ago  to  the  so-called  mineral  wool,  pro- 
duced by  throwing  a  steam  blast  upon  the 
stream  of  molten  slag  as  it  issues  from  the 
furnace;  other  means  of  making  use  of  this 
material  are  also  adopted.  In  England  the 
slag  is  generally  broken  up  by  stonebreakers, 
and  used  for  metalling  roads.  The  Bessemer 
slags  from  hzematite  furnaces,  on  account  of 
the  large  quantity  of  lime  which  they  contain, 
make  excellent  concrete.  They  are  also  pecu- 
liarly suitable  for  manuring  potatoes  and  barley, 
as  they  fall  to  powder  under  the  action  of  the 
atmosphere,  yielding  up  their  silica  and  lime  in 
a  very  finely  divided  state.  At  the  blast  fur- 
naces of  Osnabruck,  Hanover,  the  slag  is  broken 
up  by  a  method  which,  under  some  circum- 
stances, might  advantageously-be  adopted  else- 
where. The  molten  slag  is  allowed  to  fall  from 
a  height  of  about  eight  feet,  into  water,  and  is 
thus  formed  into  a  large  bean-shaped  gravel. 
From  the  water  tank  it  is  lifted  by  "Jacob's 
ladders,"  and  is  conveyed  away  as  fast  as  it  is 
produced,  and  largely  used  for  ballasting  rail- 
ways, or  for  other  road  purposes. 

Phosphoeized  Bronze  for  Guns. — The  ques- 
tion of  the  use  of  phosphorized  bronze  as  a 
material  for  guns  is  now  engaging  the  attention 
of  many  of  the  European  powers.  For  some 
time  past  important  trials  have  been  going  on 
with  guns  of  this  material  in  Prussia,  and,  we 
understand,  with  the  most  satisfactory  results. 
The  Swiss  Government  have  under  trial  a 
breech-loader  of  phosphorized  bronze  ;  the 
Dutch  Government  a  muzzle-loader;  the  Italian 
Government,  having  repeated  the  statical  tests 
which  were  applied  to  this  material  by  Monte- 
fiori-Levi  and  Kunzel  of  Liege,  have  resolved 
upon  proceeding  to  the  trial  of  guns  of  the 
material;  and  in  Vienna  some  phosphorized 
bronze  guns  are  about  to  be  tested.  Finally, 
the  French  Government  are  about  to  make  some 
guns  with  this  bronze,  supplied  from  Liege. 

Browning  Gun  Barrels. — Have  your  barrel 
bright  and  free  from  grease; you  can  get  a  pret- 
ty glossy  appearance  by  the  following  mode: 
Applyly  the  fluid  with  a  sponge,  being  particu- 
lar not  to  touch  it  with  your  hands.  Let  it 
remain  from  six  to  ten  hours,  or  until  it  gets  a 
brown  coat  of  rust.  Then  scrape  it  off  with  a 
steel  brush,  give  it  another  coat  and  scratch  as 
before  until  the  desired  color  is  obtained,  which 
you  will  readily  see  when  you  wet  it  with  the 
fluid.  Now  take  half  a  pound  of  carbonate  of 
soda  to  one  gallon  of  water  and  boil;  scald  the 
barrel  with  it  after  it  is  scratched  off  the  last 
time,  and,  while  it  is  warm,  apply  grease  and  it 
is  finished  with  a  beautiful  glossy  appearance. 
Five  or  six  coats  are  enought  to  bring  the  de- 
sired color. — Scientific  American. 

A  man  in  Illinois  has  patented  an  iron  shin- 
gle roof.  The  shingles  are  about  six  by  thirteen 
inches,  lap  each  other  so  as  to  insure  a  water- 
proof, and  are  fastened  by  headless  nails.  The 
patent  is  said  to  be  less  expensive  than  slate. 


tciENTiFic  Progress. 


The  Relation   of  Science    to  Religion. 

The  Scientific  American,  in  making  editorial 
allusion  to  the  development  theory  of  the  Dar- 
win school,  remarks  as  follows  upon  the  rela- 
tion which  science  bears  to  religion; — All  scien- 
tists have  agreed  that  what  can  neither  be  dem- 
onstrated as  a  fact,  nor  logically  inferred  from 
facts,  has  no  place  in  science.  Reasoning  by 
analogy  can  therefore  have  a  comparatively 
limited  sphere  in  science.  For  although  well 
determined  analogies  are  facts,  the  chances  are 
ten  to  one  that  a  supposed  analogy  will,  when 
critically  examined,  turn  out  to  be  only  a 
pseudo  resemblance. 

What  we  charge  against  the  teachers  of  this 
school  is  that,  while  their  development  theory 
is  purely  a  system  of  analogical  reasoning,  they 
do  not  declare  that  this  or  that  conclusion  is 
probably  correct,  but  assert  it  as  a  fact,  and  as 
dogmatically  as  the  most  ultra  and  fanatical  re- 
ligionists, whose  bigotry  they  denounce.  Thus 
Huxley,  in  his  address  on  protoplasm,  asserts 
as  positively  that  in  this  substance  we  have  the 
ultimate  physical  basis  of  life,  and  that  proto- 
plasm has  its  origin  in  the  chemical  combina- 
tion of  carbon,  hydrogen,  oxygen,  and  nitro- 
gen in  the  presence  of  living  protoplasm.  The 
whole  tone  of  his  address,  though  he  did  not 
say  as  much  in  words,  was  a  sort  of  triumphant 
self  congratulation  that  there  was  no  need  of 
supposing  a  special  creator,  since  chemical  af- 
finity was  the  general  cause  of  animal  existence. 

Is  then  chemical  affinity  the  cause  uncaused? 
Have  we  yet,  or  shall  we  ever  arrive  at  the 
causeuncaused?  Doesthe  development  theory, 
the  knowledge  of  protoplsam,  help  us  in  recog- 
nizing the  first  of  all  causes?  Would  even 
spotaneous  generation,  if  proved  to  take  place, 
as  many  have  sought  to  prove,  reveal  a  cause 
behind  which  we  can  affirm  no  other  cause  can 
stand?  From  the  very  nature  of  the  case,  we 
can  answer  these  questions  in  the  negative. 

So  long,  then,  as  mysteries  exist,  and  this 
will  always  be  the  case,  man  will  by  faith 
stretch  out  his  hands  toward  the  hidden  realm, 
and  hope  that  in  that  realm  there  may  be  some- 
thing, to  satisfy  the  aspirations  of  his  soul, 
brighter  and  better  than  what  he  has  found 
through  all  his  gropings.  And  this  faith  will 
form  the  basis  of  some  kind  of  religion.  The 
majority  of  men  may  perhaps  be  taught  to  be- 
lieve that  the  human  race  sprang  from  apes, 
but  so  believing,  and  seeing  the  enormous  dis- 
tance they  have  progressed  from  the  condition 
of  those  animals,  they  will  hardly  set  lim- 
its to  progress,  and  will  be  little  convinced  that 
all  opportunity  for  individual  advance  is  limit- 
ed to  the  few  toilsome  years  which  form  the  av- 
erage term  of  human  life. 

The  skepticism  of  the  present  day  is  based 
upon  as  blind  a  faith  as  the  belief  of  the  ortho- 
dox. But  we  do  not  care  to  quarrel  with  this 
faith,  or  with  conclusions  derived  from  pure 
speculation,  any  more  than  we  would  quarrel 
with  faith  in  revealed  religion.  The  question 
of  religious  belief  is  one  which  has  no  place  in 
scientific  discussion.  All  scientists  admit  this, 
yet  there  are  many  who  omit  no  opportunity  to 
give  sly  and  sarcastic  thrusts  at  the  belief  held 
by  many  wise  and  good  men,  which,  forming 
the  very  character  of  the  men  who  entertain  it, 
is  deserving  of  respect  rather  than  ridicule,  not 
to  speak  of  its  intrinsic  claims  to  the  acceptance 
of  intelligent  minds.  Professor  Huxley  has 
been  particularly  obnoxious  in  this  way,  and 
has  thereby  greatly  limited  his  influence  as  a 
public  teacher. 

It  may  be  replied  that  as  the  religionists  at- 
tack the  scientists,  the  latter  must  make  some 
reply  in  self  defence.  We  do  not  see  the  neces- 
sity. It  is  the  business  of  science  to  discover, 
record,  and  classify  facts.  Whether  these  facts 
conflict  with  or  confirm  the  religious  faith  of 
any,  does  not  concern  in  the  least  the  scientific 
investigator.  If  he  discovers  that  the  ancestors 
of  mankind  were  apes,  it  is  his  duty  to  an- 
nounce his  real  or  supposed  discovery;  it  is  not 
his  province  to  turn  upon  those  who  have  held 
a  different  view  and  hold  them  up  to  scorn  or 
ridicule  because  they  believe  they  sprang  from 
a  higher  source,  and  repudiate  their  anthropoid 
ape  ancestors.  If  religion  be  false,  it  needs  no 
direct  attacks  to  kill  it.  If  the  discoveries  of 
science  be  facts,  they  will  outlive  all  false  no- 
tions and  superstitions.  Science  and  religion 
should  not  be  directly  antagonized,  for,  besides 
that  this  is  needless,  neither  one  nor  the  other 
is  benefitted  by  such  controversies. 

All  this  we  can  say,  while  we  own  to  a  de- 
cided leaning  toward  the  evolution  theory.  It 
seems  more  consistent  with  the  way  in  which 
an  All-wise  Being  would  work,  that  through 
eternal  and  immutable  laws  He  should  evolve 
the  varied  complex  structures  which  people  the 
universe,  than  that  each  should  be  the  result  of 
a  special  aet  of  creation.  In  this  we  see 
nothing  that  conflicts  with  such  an  interpreta- 
tion of  the  Mosaic  accounts  as  would  harmon- 
ize with  the  now  very  generally  conceded  alle- 
gorical and  poetical  character  of  that  portion  of 
the  Bible. 


Prof.  Owen,  in  a  recent  article,  says:  "Phys- 
iology can  affirm  no  other  than  that  bipeds  en- 
joying(?)  800  years  of  life  could  not  belong  to 
our  species. 


Typhoons  move  in  a  parabolic  rather  than  a 
circular  course  is  the  result  arrived  at  by  a  care- 
ful investigation  of  the  ,'phenomena  connected 
with  the  fearful  storm  of  September  last. — Mr. 
Frank  Armstrong, 


Brandt  From  Wood  Shavings.— C.  G.  Zetter- 
lnno  has  been  making  some  experiments  in  the 
distillery  at  Hulta  to  make  brandy  out  of  shav- 
ings. For  this  purpose  they  were  boiled  in  an 
ordinary  kettle  under  a  pressure  of  2&s  to  the 
inch.    There  was  then  put  into  the  kettle: 

Shavings,  (pine  and  fir,  very  wet) 9.0  cwt. 

Sulphuric  acid,  1.18  sp.  gr 0.7  cwt. 

Water 30.7  cwt. 

Total 40.4  cwt. 

After  boiling  8%  hours  the  mass  of  shavings 
contained  3.33  per  cent,  grape  Bugar,  and  after 
11  hours  cooking  4.38  per  cent.  A  further  in- 
crease in  the  quantity  of  sugar  could  not  be  ob- 
tained. There  was  obtained  in  all,  from  the 
40.4  cwt.,  about  1.77  cwt  of  grape  sugar,  or  19.67 
per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  the  shavings.  The 
acid  was  neutralized  by  lime.  The  mash  had  a 
temperature  of  30°  C.  when  the  yeast  prepared 
from  oDly  20  pounds  of  malt  was  added.  At  the 
end  of  90  hours  the  mash  was  done  fermenting, 
wa8  then  distilled  and  yielded  61  quarts  of  60 
per  cent,  brandy  at  X15°C,  perfectly  free  from 
all  flavor  or  smell  of  turpentine,  and  of  a  very 
pure  taste. 

It  is  more  than  probable  that  the  manufacture 
of  brandy  from  shavings  on  a  large  scale  would 
succeed  if  it  were  ascertained  by  experiment 
with  how  much  water  the  acid  must  be  diluted 
and  how  long  it  must  be  boiled,  for  both  of 
these  circumstances  exert  a  great  influence  over 
the  production  of  sugar. 

If  it  were  possible  to  convert  the  whole  of  the 
cellulose  in  the  shavings  into  sugar,  each  hun- 
dred weight  of  air-dried  shavings  would  yield 
about  Beven  gallons  of  1  brandy  of  60  per  cent. 
The  shavings  of  the  leaf-bearing  treeB  would 
probably  give  the  best  results. 


Surface  Electricity. — M.  Terquem  has  re- 
cently made  some  experiments  for  further  elu- 
cidating the  fact  that  the  exterior  surface  of  a 
hollow  bod}'  is  alone  affected  by  electricity. 
Faraday  showed  that  a  small  animal,  placed  in- 
side a  cylinder  of  wire  gauze,  was  not  incommod- 
ed when  the  cylinder  was  so  highly  electrified 
that  sparks  were  freely  given  off  by  it.  He  also 
constructed  a  room,  12  feet  in  each  dimension, 
of  metallic  wire,  and  suspended  it  by  ropes  of 
silk;  and  he  found  that,  occupying  this  room, 
with  electroscopes  and  electrometers  at  hand, 
there  was  not  the  slightest  indication  of  electri- 
cal action  inside  the  chamber,  even  when  sparks 
of  considerable  length  were  given  off  by  the  me- 
tal of  which  it  was  made.  M.  Terquem  verifies 
these  results  by  taking  a  metal  bird-cage  and 
suspending  it  to  an  insulated  conductor  of  an 
electrical  machine.  While  sparks  sufficient  to 
indicate  a  highly  charged  electrical  condition 
were  obtained  from  the  exterior,  pitch  balls, 
feathers,  and  even  a  gold  leaf  electroscope  re- 
mained unmoved  inside.  Two  bundles  of  linen 
yarn  were  hung,  one  outside  and  one  in;  the 
inside  one  was  unaffected,  while  the  outside 
was  excited,  the  threads  diverging  from  each 
other  and  giving  out  sparks. 


Elevation  of  Polar  Lands. — Regarding  this 
change  of  level,  Mr.  Howarth  remarks  :  "Not 
only  is  the  land  around  the  Pole  rising,  but 
there  is  evidence  to  show  that  the  nearer 
we  get  to  the  Pole  the  more  rapid  the  rise  is. 
This  has  been  demonstrated  most  clearly  in  the 
oase  of  Scandinavia  by  Sir  Charles  Lyell,  who 
carefully  gauged  the  rise  at  different  latitudes 
from  Scania,  where  the  land  is  almost  station- 
ary, to  the  northern  part  of  Norway,  where  the 
rise  is  four  feet  in  a  century.  While  in  Spitz- 
bergen  and  the  Polar  Sea  of  Siberia,  if  in  the 
memory  of  seal-fisherB  and  others  the  water  has 
shallowed  so  fast  as  to  have  excluded  the  right 
whale,  we  may  presume  that  the  rate  of  emer- 
gence continues  to  increase  until  it  reaches  its 
focus  at  the  Pole,  as  it  certainly  diminishes  un- 
til it  disappears  toward  the  Bouth,  between  the 
56th  and  68th  parallels  of  latitude." 


A  New  Hygrometer. — Those  who  have  at- 
tended chemical  lectures  will  remember  that 
marks  made  on  paper  with  chloride  of  cobalt 
are  almost  invisible,  but  that  on  exposing  the 
paper  to  warmth — as,  for  instance,  holding  it 
in  front  of  a  fire — the  marks  at  once  become 
visible.  This  change  is  owing  to  the  varying 
color  of  this  salt  under  variations  of  moisture 
and  temperature.  This  property  of  the  chlo- 
ride of  cobalt  to  change  its  color  haB  also  been 
applied  to  the  preparation  of  such  chemical 
toys  as  fire-screens,  in  which  portions  of  the 
views  by  which  they  are  illustrated  appear  or 
disappear  according  as  they  are  warmed  or  cool- 
ed. It  is  now  proposed  to  employ  it  in  the 
construction  of  an  hygrometer  which  shall,  by 
its  changes  in  color,  indicate  changes  in  the 
quantity  of  moisture  in  the  air. 


Sulphide  of  Zodium. — This  salt  has  lately 
been  used  in  blowpipe  analysis  as  a  re-agent, 
in  the  following  manner:  The  mineral  under 
examination  is  fused  with  borax  under  the  re- 
duction flame.  A  small  quantity  of  sulphide  of 
zodium  is  then  added,  and  the  substance  again 
submitted  to  the  flame.  Iron,  silver,  copper, 
lead,  nickel,  cobalt,  bismuth,  palladium,  thal- 
lium, and  uranium  give  opaque  masses  of  a 
brown  or  black  color.  Zinc  giveB  a  white  mass; 
the  product  with  cadmium  varies  from  red  to 
yellow  as  it  cools;  that  of  gold  and  platinum 
give  a  bright  light  brown,  and  that  of  tin  a 
translucent  yellow  brown. 

In  serating  distilled  water  for  the  purposes  of 
the  table  on  snips,  the  nearer  the  temperature 
of  the  air  and  liquid  approach  each  other,  the 
more  readily  do  they  combine. — (?.  W.  Baird, 
U.  S.  N. 


292 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS, 


[May  II,  1872. 


IINING  NUMMARY. 


THE  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  tliQ  interior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


California. 
AMADOR  county- 
State  op  Maine. — Jackson  Ledger,  May 
4:  As  work  advances  the  ledge  increases 
in  size  and  richness,  both  in  free  gold  and 
sulphurets. 

PHffiNix.— The  ledge  is  very  large  and 
•well  charged  with  free  gold  and  rich  gold 
bearing  sulphurets  throughout. 

Bkick. — The  Kennedy  mine  cleaned  up 
on  "Wednesday  $9,000.  The  rock  produc- 
ing this  was  taken  from  the  400  ft.  level 
and  was  about  400  tons,  or  at  an  average  of 
$18  per  ton. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

The  New  Mines. — Ghico  Enterprise, 
May  4:  Great  excitement  prevails  over  the 
new  discoveries  on  Butte  creek.  The  in- 
troduction of  water  into  the  district  has 
brought  back  many  old  miners,  whose 
prospecting  in  early  years  furnished  evi- 
dence of  rich  diggings.  The  section  of 
country  about  Nimshew,  in  Nimshew 
township,  is  rapidly  filling  up  and  the 
whole  will  soon  be  under  work.  Farther 
down  Butte  creek,  about  flelltown  and 
Diamondville,  extensive  and  rich  grounds 
are  being  discovered  and  rapidly  taken  up 
and  rapid  preparations  making  for  the  in- 
troduction of  water. 

CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Prussian  Hriiii. — The  mill  in  process  of 
erection  on  the  Prussian  Hill  near  Bail- 
road  and  is  rapidly  approaching  comple- 
tion. The  stamps  will  be  in  motion  in  a 
few  days. 

Operations  are  progressing  favorably  in 
the  Calaveras  Co.'s  claim  at  Central  Hill. 
Washing  is  carried  steadily  on,  an  extreme- 
ly large  head  of  water  being  used. 

Angeles  Mines. — Operations  on  the 
mines  are  being  vigorouslypushed  forward 
The  "Big  mine"  and  Sickles  mine  are  be- 
ing steadily  worked  with  good  results,  and 
a  number  of  arastra  mills  in  the  vicinity 
are  paying  well. 
CONTRA  COSTA  COUNTY- 

C0AI1  Mines. — Pacheco  Gazette,  May  4: 
Work  has  never  been  prosecuted  with 
more  energy  than  during  the  past  8  or  9 
months;  and  the  coal  shipments  from  the 
Black  Diamond  alone,  besides  those  from 
the  Pittsburgh,  Union,  Eureka,  and  Cen- 
tral, have  been  about  10,000  tons  per 
month.  The  pay  roll  of  that  Co.  at  the 
mines,  for  April  was  $26,000. 
EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Rich  Strikes. — Placerville  Democrat, 
May  4:  We  hear  of  a  number  of  rich 
strikes  having  been  made  in  the  north  part 
of  the  county,  the  richest  of  which  are  in 
the  vicinity  of  Greenwood.  In  the  Ce- 
derbnrg  claims  they  have  found  some  of 
the  richest  ore  ever  unearthed.  It  is  liter- 
ally gold  bearing  quartz  instead_of  quartz 
bearing  gold. 

Pocahontas  Co.  at  Logtown,  cleaned  up 
after  a  10  days  run,  on  the  28fch,  $17,600. 
Bonded. —  Placerville  Republican,  May 
2:  The  Maryland,  in  this  city,  has  been 
bonded  to  a  S.  P.  Co.  and  a  shaft  is  to  be 
sunk  immediately. 
■  NYO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — Inyo  Independent,  April  27: 
On  the  first  day  of  April  there  were  ship- 
ped from  the  mill  of  Hiskey  &  Walker, 
Deep  Spring  Valley,  (extracted  from  Lida 
Valley  ore)  6  bars  weighing  2,442  ozs., 
valued  at  $2,800.  Also,  from  the  same, 
April  11,  8  bars  weighing  3,200  ozs.,  valued 
at  $3,700. 

Progressing.— The  work  of  repairing 
damages  at  the  Eclipse  works  is  progress- 
ing favorably,  some  3%  miles  of  the  canal 
having  been  fixed  up  as  before,  while  re- 
pairs to  the  furnace  are  being  pushed 
ahead.  It  is  expected  the  whole  will  be  in 
running  order  in  less  than  10  days. 

Lida  Valley. — The  "  Mountain  View  " 
owned  by  Halsey  &  Co.,  had  one  ton  of 
rock  worked,  which  yielded  $1,016.35  in 
silver,  and  $13.25  in  gold.  The  Manhat- 
tan Co.,  of  Austin,  are  intending  to  put  a 
mill  in  Lida  Valley,  which  the  miners 
think  will  do  a  spledid  business. 

The  Borax  Woeks. — M.  A.  Hearne,  of 
the  borax  works  near  Columbus,  is  making 
$10  to  $15  a  day  with  the  small  works  in 
use.  He  intends  to  enlarge  his  works  to 
many  times  their  present  capacity. 
LOS  ANCELES  COUNTY. 

Santa  Monioa. — Los  Angeles  News, 
April  23:  It  is  not  generally  known  that  a 
rich  gold  quartz  ledge  exists  on  the  beach 
in  the  vicinity  of  Santa  Monica,  a  favorite 
watering  place  18  miles  from  this  city. 
The  ledge  runs  parallel  with  the  shore, 
and  is  only  exposed  for  about  10  minutes 


at  low  water.  For  several  years  past, 
some  native  Californians  have  visited  it 
daily,  breaking  off  with  pieces  of  rock 
they  could  during  the  brief  moments  of 
its  exposure.  The  rock  thus  obtained  is 
represented  as  being  exceedingly  rich, 
having  gold  well  distributed  throughout. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Nugget  Ravine. — Grass  Valley  Union, 
May  1:  We  saw  yesterday,  at  Findley's 
bank,  about  $500  worth  of  nuggets 
lately  out  of  nugget  Bavne.  The  gold 
is  in  lumps  and  is  washed  smooth.  In 
worth  it  runs  over  $18  an  oz. 

Enterprise  Gravel. — This  Co.  will  soon 
have  efficient  steam  machinery  on  its 
claims. 

Noeth  Stae. — Affairs  are  progressing 
very  favorably.  A  new  steam  pump  was 
put  in  last  Friday  night  and  up  to  yesterday 
morning  the  water  had  been  lowered  about 
58  ft. 

Independent  Mine.—  We  saw  a  few  days 
ago  a  fine  nugget,  worth  about  $25,  of 
washed  gold,  which  came  from  the  Cos 
claims. 

Nevada  Gazette,  May  4:  Gentry's  Mine.— 
Thiamine,  about  one  mile  from  town,  is 
doing  well.  They  started  piping  last  Sat- 
urday evening.  600  inches  of  water  are 
used. 
PLACER  COUNTY. 

Auburn  Herald,  May  4:  Pkomising 
Mine. — The  Alabama  Co.  have  let  a  con- 
tract to  sink  their  shaft  to  105  ft.  At  40 
ft.  the  ledge  is  3  ft.  8  inches  thick,  at 
which  point  the  last  crushing  of  rock  paid 
$43  per  ton.  This  mine  is  about  one  mile 
below  Newcastle,  and  some  200  yards  west 
of  the  Julian  mine. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Quincy  National,  April  27:  Indian  Val- 
ley Mine. — Over  40  men  are  at  work. 
They  are  only  running  12  stamps  at  pres- 
ent, and  the  rock  they  are  crushing  is  low 
grade. 

Argentine. — Heath  &  Freeman  have 
commenced  piping.  The  Tale  Co.  are 
remodeling  their  mill — removing  engine 
and  boiler,  and  preparing  to  use  water  as 
a  motive  power.  They  will  add  another 
battery  and  use  a  "Leffel"  wheel.  They 
expect  to  start  up  about  the  middle  of 
May. 

Black  Hawk. — Turner,  Rice,  Austin  & 
Co.,  are  stripping  a  large  amount  of  bed- 
rock this  year,  and  will  be  able  to  keep 
their  pipe  running  for  some  time.  The 
Co.  has  already  made  one  clean-up,  this 
spring,  of  $1,200,  and  the  indications  are 
that  the  claims  will  pay  splendidly  for  the 
season's  run.  Several  other  Cos.  are  at 
work  on  the  creek. 

Mountain  House. — The  water  is  run- 
ning through  the  Plumas  Water  Co's. 
ditch,  and  the  Co.  will  commence  work  in 
their  claims  at  this  place  immediately, 
running  5  pipes. 

Pennsylvania.' — Bidwell  &  Molntyre, 
of  the  Pennsylvania  mine,  near  Greenville, 
have  a  force  of  men  at  work,  and  their  12 
stamps  are  busily  running  on  good  rock, 
Their  new  tunnel  is  in  1,000  ft. 

Cherokee. — Compton  is  still  running 
his  6  stamp  mill,  on  Baker  rock,  and  is 
getting  splendid  pay.  Gregg  is  preparing 
for  work  in  the  Yellow  Float.  Mr.  Dupey, 
of  S.  F.  is  sinking  a  shaft  on  the  Eureka 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion.  —San  Diego  Union,  April  25th: 
There  was  shipped  to  S.  F.  yesterday 
bullion  amounting  to  $1,800,  from  the 
Julian  mines. 

The  Mines. — The  miners  are  in  the  most 
buoyant  spirits  over  the  turn  affairs  have 
taken  in  connection  with  the  Owens  lead. 
The  rock  will  probably  surpass  $75  per 
ton  in  value.  The  Stonewall  lead  is  also 
improving  in  the  character  of  its  ore  as 
the  shafts  go  down.  The  Golden  Chariot 
lead  is  being  worked  vigorously.  At  pres- 
ent they  are  drifting,  and  the  miners  who 
have  examined  the  lead  unite  in  saying 
that  there  is  $35,000  or  $40,000  worth  of 
rock  in  sight. 

$10,000  Clean-up. — San  Diego  Bulletin, 
April  27th:  Mr.  Defrees,  who  came  from 
the  Julian  mines  yesterday,  and  laid  on 
our  table  9  bars  of  gold,  the  product  of 
eleven  days  run  on  Owen's  rock.  The 
nine  bars  weigh  nearly  $10,000,  the  pro- 
duct of  150  tons  of  rock;  but  50  tons  of 
this  rock  was  made  up  of  slate  and  refuse, 
as  they  worked  everything  between  the 
casings.  This  rock  is  taken  out  at  a  depth 
of  200  ft.  Levels  are  run  130  feet  each 
way  at  that  depth;  so  the  owners  of  the 
mine  know  they  have  thousands  of  tons  of 
this  rock  above  them,  and  the  rock  below 
is  richer  than  any  taken  out  above.  The 
Owens  Co.  have  10  men  to  work  in  the 
mine  and  in  the  mill,  so  the  average  of 
this  run  is  $56  daily  to  the  man. 
SIERRA  COUNTY. 


ger,  April  27th:  H.  Wallis  has  been  chosen 
Foreman  of  the  Bald  Mountain,  of  Forest 
City.  The  workmen  have  already  com- 
menced to  run  tunnels  for  the  purpose  of 
opening  a  breast. 

The  High  Commission  Co.  are  taking 
out  very  rich  rock. 

Struck  It. — Plumas  Rational,  April  27th : 
Prospecting  tunnel  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Queen  City  has  been  driven  into  good 
paying  gravel,  and  the  indications  are  that 
the  "strike"  will  develop  an  extensive 
gravel  deposit,  and  a  very  valuable  claim. 
SISKIYOUJCOUNTY. 

Good  Pay. — Yreka  Union,  April  25th: 
Reynolds  &  Coleman  are  engaged  in  wash- 
ing up  on  their  claim  on  Rattlesnake,  and 
they  are  receiving  about  $8  per  day  to  the 
hand. 

Crushing.— Cornish  &  Clark  have  just 
made  a  crushing  of  50  tons   of  rock   from 
their  ledge  at  the  Eliza  mill.      It  yielded 
$20  to  the  ton. 
TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

App  Mine. — Sonora  Independent,  May 
4th:  The  capacity  of  the  mill  is  twenty- 
five  stamps,  but  at  present,  to  test  the  ore, 
only  fifteen  stamps  are  in  operation.  They 
expect  soon  to  start  the  whole. 

Rich  Quartz. — The  Burgess,  Woodman 
&  Jones  quartz  lode,  north  of  Columbia  is 
yielding  some  extremely  rich  rock.  On 
Thursday,  Mr.  Burgess  exhibited  two 
pieces  of  rock  from  the  lode,  weighing  64 
ounces  and  containing  $700  in  gold.  All 
the  claims  on  the  Flat,  or  rather  on  Wood's 
Creek,  are  at  work  and  doing  well. 

Golden  Gate  Quartz  Mine. — This  lode 
is  on  the  south  side  of  Sonora, above  Bell's 
Mill's  and  is  owned  by  Hon.  W.  G.  Long, 
of  this  city.  Ho  is  down  on  the  lode  about 
20  ft.  where  it  is  3  ft.  wide. 

Old  Tuolumne  Quartz  Mine. — This 
mine  is  in  Wet  Gulch,  about  3  and  1-4 
miles  from  Columbia,  and  near  Pine  Log 
Crossing.  Two  shafts  are  being  sunk,  one 
18  and  the  other  20  ft. 

Mining  in  Town. — Pugsley,  Page  &  Co. , 

who  own   a  claim  in  the  hill  immediately 

behind  the  residence  of  Luke  Wheelock, 

preparing     to     hydraulic    it   down, 


with  good  prospects  of  success.  About 
50  ft  from  where  they  have  started  in,  a 
Co.  who  formerly  owned  the  ground,  got 
extremely  rich  dirt,  but  were  not  so  deep 
as  the  present  Co.  by  15  or  20  ft. 

Nevada. 
eureka  district- 
Rich  Strike. — Eureka  Sentinel,  May  2: 
J.  H.  Lyon  andM.  Dwyerhave  developed 
a  ledge  of  exceedingly  high  grade  ore  in 
the  Mayflower  mine,  Morgan  district.  We 
were  yesterday  shown  an  assay  which  gave 
$1,101  per  ton  in  silver. 

Lemon  Hill.  The  new  furnace  will  be 
completed  by  the  last  of  the  week. 

Richmond.— The  Tip  Top  incline  is  be- 
ing deepened  so  as  to  admit  of  a  new  level 
being  opened  in  that  part  of  the  mine. 

Adams  Hill  Co. — Operations  on  the 
mines  of  this  Co.  are  being  vigorously 
pushed.  Lately  a  fine  body  of  rich  ore 
was  developed  in  the  Wide  West  shaft  at  a 
depth  of  100  ft.  The  Gen.  Lee  is  showing 
large  quantities  of  high  grade  ore  in  the 
tunnel,  shaft,  and  Ellsworth  shaft.  A 
crushing  of  1,000  tons  of  ore  is  to  be  made 
at  an  early  date. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Page  &  Panaoa. — Ely  Record,  April  28: 
The  shaft  is  down  210  ft.  with  good  work- 
ing rock  in  bottom.  The  east  drift,  at 
160  ft.  level,  Bhows  good  ledge  matter 
about  5  ft.  in  width,  with  pay  streak  of 
from  2  to  2%  ft.  When  the  shaft  has  at- 
tained a  depth  of  300  ft.  a  new  station  will 
be  opened  and  a  drift  will  be  run. 

CarEF  of  the  Hill. — A  tunnel  has  been 
run  into  the  hill  50  ft.,  at  the  end  of  which 
the  ledge  was  first  encountered.  From 
the  end  of  this  tunnel  a  shaft  has  been 
sunk  40  ft. ;  and  150  ft.  in  an  east,  and  west 
direction,  following  the  ledge.  Atthewest 
end  a  winze  has  been  sunk  52  ft.,  follow- 
ing the  ledge  all  the  way.  From  the  bot- 
tom of  this  winze  a  new  level  is  being 
opened,  which  shows  the  ledge  and  good 
ore  throughout.  A  fine  body  of  ore  was 
struck  in  the  bottom  of  the  east  drift  on 
the  lower  level,  while  in  the  west  drift  the 
ore  shows  much  better  on  the  roof  of  the 
drift.  At  present  there  are  about  120  tons 
of  good  milling  ore  on  the  dump,  assays 
from  which  have  averaged  from  $150  to 
$250  per  ton. 

Washington  &  Creole. — The  shaft  is 
down  420  ft.  In  running  a  drift  on  the 
334-ft.  level  west,  they  passed  through  a 
body  of  ore  20  ft.  in  length ;  and  in  run- 
ning east  on  the  same  level  another  body 
of  ore  was  found.  Both  will  mill  about 
$125  per  ton. 

Pioche  West  Ex. — Suspended  work  on 


Raymond  &  Ely.— The  323-ft  level  has 
been  connected  with  the  shaft  and  track 
laid  in  it  for  over  300  ft.  in  length.  The 
entire  body,  over  450  ft.  in  length  by  120 
ft  high  under  the  223-ft.  level,  is  as  yet 
untouched,  there  being  over  a  months  sup- 
ply left  above  it.  The  winzes,  started 
from  the  town  level,  all  show  the  same  ore 
as  above.  The  receipts  of  the  mills  for 
April  will  be  about  $320,000. 

Pioche. — This  mine  is  extracting  over 
10  tons  of  $200  ore  per  day.  During  the 
last  12  days  previous  to  the  24th  iust., 
$25,000  was  shipped  as  the  run  from  the 
mill  during  that  time.  The  stopes  on  the 
4th  level  have  improved  very  much  within 
the  10  days,  all  the  drifts  are  being  pushed 
ahead,  and  prospecting  is  going  vigorusly 
on. 

Condor. — The  shaft  is  down  90  ft.  and 
the  ledge  shows  well.  A  large  amount  of 
milling  ore  is  on  the  dump. 

Louise. — Shaft  is  down  50  ft.,  showing 
3  ft.  of  ledge.  About  1  ft.  of  the  ledge  is 
good  paying  ore,  assaying  from  $110  to 
$125. 

Meadow  Valley. — Sinking  of  the  shafts 
on  Nos.  7  and  3  and  at  the  Summit^is  be- 
ing pushed  steadily  forward. 

Ward  Beeoheb. — Shaft  down  240  ft., 
and  sinking  on  strike  mentioned  in  our 
last.  Have  3  small  streaks  of  ore  in  bot- 
tom which  show  signs  of  widening. 

Chapman. — They   are  raising  some  ore 
and  getting  the  mine  into  working  shape. 
Maggie. — The  ledge   shows  well  in  the 
shaft  and  is  over  2  ft.  in  width. 

Alps. — Work  on  main  working  shaft 
going  rapidly  ahead,  and  a  depth  of  65  ft. 
has  been  attained. 

Bowery. — Prospecting  and  drifting  for 
ledge.  Shaft  down  200  ft.  lAbout50tons 
of  ore  on  the  dump. 

Orleans. — Work  will  be  resumed  to- 
morrow.    The  shaft  is  down  75  ft. 

Alpine  West  Ex.  and  Medassa. — Shaft 
down  60  ft.,  and  in  sinking  hascut  through 
2  ledges.  Work  being  pushed  with  good 
prospects. 

Alpine. — Good  progress  is  being  made 
in  sinking  and  running  the  drift  and  pros- 
pects continue  very  encouraging. 

Excelsior. — Work  being  pushed  ahead 
in  lower  winze  and  drift  to  make  connec- 
tions for  air. 

Lafayette.  —  A,shaf t  has  been  sunk  190 
ft.,  which  shows  ledge  matter  from  the 
surface  to  the  bottom.  The  ledge  is  from 
4  to  6  ft.  wide,  and  at  several  points  in  the 
shaft  there  are  fine  deposits  of  ore. 

Alpine  shaft  is  down  93  ft.  The  walls 
are  perfect,  and  the  ledge  is  over  5  ft. 
wide,  carrying  good  ore.  Assays  ranging 
from  $50  to  $200  per  ton  have  been  ob- 
tained. A  large  body  of  ore  has  been 
struck  at  90  f t. ,  and  a  drift  will  be  run 
along  the  ledge  and  across  it,  to  determine 
the  extent  of  the  deposit. 

Peavine. — This  claim  is  improving  in 
the  lower  levels,  and  the  ledge  is  growing 
larger  and  richer  as  depth  is  obtained. 
The  dump  contains  75  tons  of  ore  that  will 
mill  $150  to  the  ton.  Three  shifts  work- 
ing. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  State,  May 
4:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona,  since 
our  last  issue,  was  $5,725. 

Madra. — This  ledge,  in  the  foothills 
near  Humboldt  City,  is  owned  by  the 
Starlight  Co.,  who  will  soon  put  a  force  of 
men  at  work  to  develop  it. 

Starlight.—  This  mine  at  Humboldt 
City,  is  the  only  one  being  worked  at  that 
place.  The  Co.  is  sinking  an  incline  shaft 
on  the  ledge,  which  is  down  about  70  ft. 
The  ledge  is  from  3  to  4  ft.  wide,  well  de- 
fined with  good  walls  on  both  sides,  and 
carries  large  quantities  of  iron  sulphurets. 
The  ore  is  composed  of  argentiferous  ga- 
lena, and  occasionally  chloride,  black  sul- 
phurets and  some  gold. 

REESE  RIVER. 

Beview. — Reese  River  Reveille,  April  27: 
Pacific  Co.  In  the  Land  and  Fuller  shaft 
in  the  cross  cut  at  the  550  ft.  level,  the 
size  of  the  ore  body  has  increased.  From 
the  400  ft.  level  taking  out  high  grade  ore. 
In  the  Buel  North  Star  are  stoping  on  the 
ledge  in  good  ore;  40  tons  of  high  grade 
ore  will  be  shipped  on  Monday.  Working 
54  men, 

Grove  Tunnel. — This  mine  is  divided 
up  in  contracts,  among  whom  Moor  &  Co., 
Delano  &  Co.  and  Lamb  &  Co.  are  getting 
good  ore,  and  Renolds  &  Co.  and  Canter- 
bury &  Co.  are  doing  prospecting  work, 
being  in  a  break  of  the  ledge.  Working 
22  men. 

Morgan  and  Muncey. — Hoisting  high 
grade  ore  from  the  400  ft.  level  and  piling 
in  ore  house.  Pay  streak  in  the  eastern 
part  of  same  level  has  increased  from  4  to 
9  inches  of  high  grade  ore  in  a  2  ft.  ledge. 


account  of  inability  to   procure  lumber, 

but  expect  to  start  up  again  in   the   early      Saybrook.— Getting  ore  of  average  grade 
Bald  Mountain.— Downieville  Messen-  (  part  of  the  present  week.  '  at  the  110  ft.  level. 


May  ii,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


293 


Esther. — The  formation  in  the  crosscut 
at  the  200  ft.  level  gives  evidence  of  the 
near  vicinity  of  ore.     Working  5  men. 

Diana. — Getting  ore  at  the  120  and  150 
ft.  levels.     Working  15  men. 

Isabella  is  getting  good  ore.  and  doing 
extensive  prospecting  work.  Working  20 
men. 

PssonsfOT  (Central  Hill). — Working  6 
men  and  getting  good  ore. 

Semantha. — The  ledge  has  widened  con- 
siderably and  the  grade  of  the  ore  is  much 
enhanced.     Working  8  men. 

Manhattan  Shaft. — There  are  over  100 
tons  of  good  ore  on  the  dump.  Hoisting 
ore  from  the  lower  levels.  Working  35 
men. 

Florida.— fretting  out  ore  of  high  grade. 
Shipping  to  the  Manhattan.  Working  12 
men. 

Stab  op   Nevada. — There  is  a  tunnel  in 
600  ft.,  in  the  east  level,  where   there  is  a  j 
leJgo  from  12  to  M  inches  thick.     Work- 
ing 12  men. 

Esiiorant    Canon — South    Sonoma. —  | 
Boat  level  sinking  incline,  down  20  ft.  in 
good  sulphuret  ore;  3  men  at  work. 

Mills— Manhattan. — Running  steadily 
on  custom  ore  and  ore  from  the  Co. 's  mines. 

Wren's  concentrator  is  running  steadily. 

Virginia. — Four  tons  of  ore  worked  at 
the  Manhattan,  gave  $887  per  ton. 

El  Dorado  South  Con.  Co. — El  Dorado 
mine  working  2G  men,  running  new  levels 
north  and  south  in  good  ore.  Main  In- 
cline going  down  with  dispatch,  taking 
out  a  (i  ft.  vein  of  fair  ore. 

Arizona. — Working  10  men  running 
levels. 

Belmont  Co.— Commenced  work  on 
Wednesday,  repairing  the  old  works,  and 
preparing  for  vigorous  prosecution  of  work 
The  Transylvania  mine  of  this  Co.  shows 
an  immense  body  of  rich  chloride  and 
Stedefeldtite  ore.  The  yield  by  mill  work- 
ing of  their  ore  is  over  $400  per  ton;  work- 
ing 12  men.  This  Co.  have  commmenced 
tearing  out  the  old  machinery  from  their 
mill  preparatory  to  putting  in  new  ma- 
chinery for  a  complete  20  stamp  mill. 

Monitor. — Is  yielding  large  quantities 
of  §500  ore  of  which  there  are  piled  .on  the 
dump  over  150  tons;  working  about  20 
men. 

Jefferson  Canon. — The  ledges  are  nar- 
row but  rich  varying  from  18  inches  to  3 
ft.  in  width;  about  25  tons  of  ore  on  the 
different  dumps  will  work  from  $500  to 
$800  per  ton. 

WASHOE. 

Local  Summary. — Gold  Hill  News,  May 
i:  Hale  &  Norcross. — Daily  yield  200 
tons,  from  the  north  portion  of  the  1400 
ft.  level,  with  about  70  tons  from  the  up- 
per levels.  At  the  1500  ft.  level,  just  be- 
ing opened,  the  main  drift  east  from  the 
incline  cut  through  the  west  wall  51  ft. 
from  the  incline,  and  has  penetrated  the 
ore  vein  15  ft.  Hoisting  of  ore  from  this 
point  commenced  yesterday.  At  this  level 
a  drife  north  in  the  west  wall  is  in  45  ft. 
from  the  incline.  The  incline  is  not  being 
sunk  deeper  at  present.  The  vein  at  this 
lower  level  stands  straighter,  or  more  per- 
pendicular than  in  three  levels  above — a 
very  significant  circumstance — and,  al- 
though penetrated  by  drifts,  both  of  the 
lower  levels  together  do  not  flow  more 
than  a  gallon  of  water  a  day. 

Silver  Hill. — This  mine  in  Lower  Gold 
Hill  is  a  combination  of  the  old  Waller's 
Defeat,  Lucerne,  St.  Louis  and  Echo 
grounds.  The  ore  comes  from  a  Beries  of 
veins  and  is  essentially  gold  ore,  with  little 
or  no  silver.  A  new  shaft  225  ft.  deep  is 
being  sunk.  New  and  excellent  hoisting 
works  are  being  erected. 

Utah. — The  new  shaft  commenced  600 
ft.  east  of  the  old  works  in  the  center  of 
the  mine,  is  being  sunk  at  a  satisfactory 
rate.  The  vein  in  the  old  workings  is 
from  30  to  60  ft.  wide,  and  assays  about 
$17  to  the  ton.  The  new  shaft  is  expected 
to  strike  the  ledge  on  its  eastern  dip  at 
500  ft.  when  it  will  be  drifted  into  and  well 
prospected. 

Cons.  Virginia.— Some  favorable  look- 
ing quartz,  showing  considerable  metal  is 
found  in  prospecting  the  500  ft.  level,  es- 
pecially in  the  cros3-cuts  from  the  north 
drift,  also  in  the  raise  above  the  north 
drift,  at  which  point  connection  is  made 
with  a  drift  from  the  Ophir,  giving  good 
circulation  of  air.  Drifting  is  steadily 
prosecuted  at  the  1160  ft.  level,  from  the 
Gould  &  Curry,  with  no  ore  as  yet. 

McMeans. — The  tunnel  is  600  ft.  long, 
penetrating  65  ft.  vein,  and  the  shaft  is 
100  ft.  deep,  intersecting  a  black  ledge  over 
30  ft.  wide  and  centaining  spots  of  very 
rich  ore. 

Occidental. — Work  was  resumed  last 
week  in  the  lower  tunnel,  which  is  being 
driven  further  north,  toward  the  boundary 
line. 

New  York  Cons. — This  mine  is  in  Lower 


Gold  Hill.  The  north  Ophir  hoisting 
works  have  been  purchased,  removed 
thither,  re-erected  and  put  to  work.  The 
shaft  is  freed  of  water,  aud  drifting  on  the 
ledge  commenced  with  most  excellent 
prospects. 

Crown  Point. — Daily  yield  430  tons. 
This  ore  breasts  are  all  looking  and  yield- 
ing splendidly,  and  an  immense  amount 
of  bullion  is  being  produced.  The  prin- 
cipal ore  supply  is  from  the  1100  and  1200 
ft.  levels. 

Yellow  Jacket. — Daily  yield  50  tons 
The  incline  has  nearly  reached  the  1,500 
ft.  level,  at  which  point  a  new  station  is 
to  be  opened.  At  the  1,300  ft.  level,  near 
tho  Ken  tuck  lino,  some  very  good  ore  has 
been  developed  during  the  last  3  or  4 
days. 

PlCTOD. — Situated  on  the  Comstock,  in 
Lower  Gold  Hill.  Shaft  155  ft.  deep,  with 
an  incline  70  ft.  deeper  iu  the  ledge.  Tun- 
nel is  in  550  ft.  with  100  ft.  further  to  go 
to  out  the  ledge. 

Gould  &  Curry. — Drifting  both  north 
aud  south  at  the  1,500  ft.  level  and  prepar- 
ing to  drift  east  of  the  same  level.  The 
incline,  which  starts  from  the  shaft  80  ft. 
above  the  level,  is  being  timbered. 

Arizona  &  Utah. — A  raise  has  been 
made  to  the  hight  of  85  ft.  above  the  tun- 
nel, and  a  cross-cut  from  it  is  in  15  ft.  to- 
ward the  ore  vein  which  it  will  intersect 
next  week. 

Overman.— The  700  ft.  station  of  the 
new  shaft  is  opened,  aud  drifting  west 
toward  the  ledge  commenced, 

Kentuck. — Regular  yield  about  35  or  40 
tons  a  day — keeping  the  Devil's  Gate  mill 
running.  The  drift  through  the  1,300  ft. 
level  being  run  by  the  Crown  Point  and 
Yellow  Jacket,  Co. 's  for  air  connection  will 
be  completed  in  about  a  week. 

Imperial-Empire.  —  Drifting  into  the 
ledge  has  commenced  at  the  1,500  and  the 
1,650  ft.  levels  from  the  incline.  At  the 
lower  level  2  drifts  branch  out  from  the 
station,  one  for  the  Imperial  mine  and  the 
other  for  the  Empire. 

Chollar-Potosi. — Daily  yield  150  tons 
from  the  Belvidere,  Blue  Wing  and  other 
old  ore  sections.  Prospecting  in  various 
parts  of  the  mine  is  vigorously  carried 
on. 

Sutro  Tunnel.— In  2,767  ft.  with  the 
face  Btill  in  very  hard  blasting  rock. 

Sierra  Nevada. — Daily  yield  50  tons. 

Savage. — Daily  yield  about  60  tons,  as- 
saying on  the  average  $38.  The  new  ore 
deposit  at  the  lowest  levels  is  reported  to 
be  improving  in  quality. 

Globe. — The  work  of  development  is  be- 
ing actively  pressed. 

Daney. — The  main  shaft  is  down  565  ft. 
and  it  will  soon  intersect  the  ledge.  The 
drifts  at  the  500  foot  level  look  favora- 
bly. 

Ophir. — Good  ore  is  reported  found  in 
a  cross-cut  from  the  south  drift  at  the  1,300 
ft.  level. 

Caledonia.  —  Still  retimbering  the 
shaft.  The  new  works  started  up  on  Wed- 
nesday. 

Succor. — Only  enough  ore  is*  taken  out 
to  keep  the  Co.'s  mill  running.  The  new 
shaft  is  sunk  rapidly. 

Bowers. -Work  in  this  old  mine  in  Gold 
Hill  proper  will  shortly  be  resumed. 

Lady  Bryan. — Work  is  about  being  re- 
sumed, under  the  most  favorable  auspi- 
ces. 

Started  Up. — Virginia  Enterprise,  April 
30:  The  Petaluma  mill,  Lower  Gbld  Hill, 
and  the  Ophir  mill,  on  the  Carson  river 
above  Dayton,  both  started  up  on  Satur- 
day. 

We  yesterday  noticed  at  the  Bank  of 
Cal.  18  bars  of  Crown  Point  bullion  worth 
$55,155. 

Merrimac  Mill. — The  mill,  Carson  riv- 
er, is  running  to  its  full  capacity-about  50 
tons  per  pay. 

Activity. — Work  is  being  resumed  in 
every  direction  on  old  mines  which  have 
lain  idle  ever  since  the  White  Pine  excite- 
ment. 

Bullion. — -Reno   Crescent,   May  4:  The 
shipment  for  2  weeks   ending   last    night 
amounted  to  36,986  lbs. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Review. — White  Pine  News,  April  27: 
Bullion. — W.  P.  &  Co.  shipped  to-day 
from  this  city  to  S.  P.,  for  the  Bowery  Co., 
Pioche,  2  bars,  valued  at  $2,520.51 

Treasure  Hill  Mines. — Second  South 
Ex.  of  HrDDEN  Treasure. — The  owners 
having  purchased  the  Anchor  Co's.  tun- 
nel, the  principal  work  has  been  carried 
on  through  that  opening  on  the  lode. 
From  an  incline  which  follows  down  the 
east  wall  40  ft. ,  adrift  has  been  run  nor- 
therly upon  the  stratified  spar  wall  80  ft., 
disclosing  a  fine  breast  of  ore.  At  the 
north  end  of  the  mine,  the  old  shaft  of  the 
locators  was  continued  on  down  to  60  ft., 
and  drifts  run  off  east  and  west,   exposing 


bodies  of  quartz  rock.  About  120  tons  of 
good  quality  of  milling  rock  is  piled  up  for 
shipment 

North  Aurora. — Breasting  out  on  the 
line  of  the  South  Aurora,  in  the  Risdale 
chamber,  and  running  out  ore  through  the 
South  Aurora  lower  tunnel  to  the  tramway 
station.  The  winze  in  the  Ward  Beecher 
will  be  conuecled  next  week.  The  total 
shipment  by  tramway  from  tho  Co's.  mines 
is  about  80  tons  per  day. 

Eberhardt. — Snow  accumulated  in  the 
tunnel  from  the  Keystone  shaft  to  a  depth 
of  25  ft.  The  force  of  men  employed 
breasting  out  is  at  work  clearing  out  the 
snow  and  placing  the  tracking  of  the  tram- 
way in  working  order.  The  ore  piled  back 
iu  the  shaft  will  then  be  run  out  and  ship- 
ped to  mill. 

Noonday. — Working  a  force  of  4  men, 
breasting  out.  The  ledge  is  5  to  6  ft. 
wide,  showing  the  usual  grade  of  ore. 
Hoisting  and  piling  on  dump.  There  is 
about  300  tons  of  ore  on  top. 

Mammoth.— The  ledge  averages  7%  ft. 
wide,  showing  ore  that  averages  $50  per 
ton  assay. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining — Prescott  JRner, 
April  20:  Yavapai  Co.  The  Vulture,  Ti- 
ger, Del  Pasco,  Benjamin  and  other  Co.s 
are  hard  at  work. 

The  miners  of  Castle  Dome  are  extract- 
ing ore  and  shipping  it  to  S.  F. 

Colorado. 

Boulder  Co. — Central  Bajister,  April  24 :  In  the 
Grand  View  a  rich  body  of  mineral  has  been 
struck. 

Jo.  Irwin,  "W.  Stephens  and  others,  have 
purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  Gray  Eagle 
lode.  It  shows  a  large  vein  and  some  rich  min- 
eral. 

The  Church  Bros,  have  the  water  pumped 
out  on  the  Gunnell_Central  mine,  on  the  Gun- 
nell  lode. 

The  whole  length  of  the  Bobtail  tunnel  is  625 
ft.  Fifteen  ft.  is  the  weekly  rate  of  advance- 
ment. The  Piske  lode  is  cut  about  588  ft.  from 
the  mouth.  A  drift  has  been  run  east  on  this 
lode  about  30  ft.,  12  ft.  high. 

The  new  stamp  mill  of  Wheeler  &  Sullivan's 
on  North  Clear  creek,  is  approaching  comple- 
tion and  will  be  in  operation  early  next  month. 
There  are  five  5-stamp  batteries. 

The  B.  and  C.  Co.'s  works  treat  daily  25  tons 
of  ore. 

Hulverson  &  Dierdoff  will  start  up  their  6- 
stamp  mill  on  James  Creek,  in  about  2  weeks. 
Eric  Bottolfson  will  start  up  his  10-stamp  mill 
as  soon  as  the  road  is  open. 

Idaho. 

Local  Record — Empire. — Silver  City  Ava 
lanche,  April  20 :  The  new  shaft  has  been  par- 
tially timbered  to  the  adit  level,  which  is  90  ft. 
from  the  surface,  and  sunk  10  ft.  below  the 
level.  The  new  shaft  is  being  sunk  280  ft.  from 
the  south  line,  and  as  soon  as  drifts  can  be  run 
from  this  shaft  under  the  old  stopes,  there  will 
be  an  abundance  of  first-class  ore  that  can  be 
easily  taken  out.  The  stopes  being  worked 
from  the  cross-course  toward  the  new  shaft  look 
splendid. 

North  Oro  Fino. — The  drift  has  been  run 
north  from  Oro  Fino  fines  118  ft.  Fifty-five 
ft.  behind  the  present  end,  a  rise  has  been 
started  to  communicate  with  an  old  shaft  which 
was  sunk  in  former  workings  80  ft.  below  the 
adit  level.  From  the  2  level  drift  to  the  bottom 
of  the  old  shaft  is  75  ft. 

Obo  Fino. — The  ledge  looks  well,  averaging 
for  whole  depth  of  winze  20  inches  in  width. 
The  old  stopes  are  being  pretty  well  worked 
out,  but  they  will  commence  stopes  from  the 
winze  as  fast  as  there  is  room. 

Ellmore. — The  shaft  has  been  sunk  18  ft.  be- 
low the  7th  level,  and  should  the  ground  con- 
tinue as  good  for  sinking  it  will  not  be  long  ere 
drifts  will  be  running  under  the  rich  ore  now 
found  in  sinking  the  winze.  The  ledge  holds 
its  own,  is  2  ft.  wide  and  good  milling  rock. 
The  7th  level  is  progressing  rather  slowly 
the  ground  is  hard  and  the  ledge  very  solid,  but 
the  ore  is  first-class. 

Golden  Chariot. — The  winze  iu  the  bottom 
of  the  8th  level  is  down  48  ft.  They  are  at 
work  cutting  down  the  shaft  at  the  5th,  6th, 
and  7th  levels,  both  up  and  down. 

Minnesota. — The  stopes  in  back  of  2d  level 
continue  good  and  there  is  being  daily  shipped 
to  the  mill  15  tons  of  good  ore. 

South  Chariot. — The  shaft  has  been  sunk  6 
ft.  below  the  4th  level,  and  straightened  at  the 
same  time  60  ft.  below  the  2d  level.  The  4th 
level  drift  is  being  run  north,  showing  the 
ledge  to  be  about  one  inch  wide,  but  not  very 
rich. 

Mahogany. — The  5th  level  south  has  been 
run  24  ft.  where  the  ledge  ranges  from  15  to  20 
inches  in  width.  The  north  drift  is  in  18  ft. — 
ledge  16  inches  wide.  The  rock  from  both 
these  drifts  is  first  quality,  and  will  mill  fully 
$100  per  ton.  This  mine  is  shipping  daily  to 
mill  20  tons  of  good  milling  ore. 

Omega. — Work  has  been  resumed  and  ore  be- 
ing taken  out  north  of  the  shaft  for  reduction . 


S.    F.    Stock    and    Exob.aD.ge    Board. 

Thursday,  May  9. 
An  account  of  the  fall  in  mining  stocks 
this  week  will  be  found  in  another  column.  The 
sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending  Wednes- 
day the  1st  iust.  were  $2,000,000  less  than  for 
the  previous  one,  amounting  to  $8,580,000. 
The  receipts  for  April  from  the  Raymond  A.- 
Ely  mining  company  were  $317,434,  equal  to 
$10,581  per  day.  Tho  April  receipts  from  the 
Meadow  Valley  mine  aggregate  $110,000.  On 
May  3d  $30,000  was  shipped  from  the  Chollar 
Potosi,  and  last  week  the  mine  produced  1,100 
tons  of  ore.  The  largest  dividend  ever  paid  in 
a  single  month  by  any  mining  company  was 
puid  by  tho  Crown  Point;  it  was  $40  per  share, 
01  S800  per  foot  aggregating  $-180,000.  The 
Halo  &  Norcross  mine  yielded  last  woek  1,000 
tons  of  ore  and  the  Savago  GOO  tons.  The  divi- 
dend of  50  cents  by  the  Yide  Gravel  company 
amounts  to  $5,000.  A  shipment  of  bullion 
from  the  Mahogany  arrived  to-day.  Tho  Eu- 
reka Cons.  Co.  produced  last  mouth  1,855  bars 
of  bullion  weighing  213,400  pounds.  The 
amount  of  ore  on  hand  is  1,725  tons.  Over 
3,000  tons  of  ore  was  raised  from  the  Crowu 
Point  mine  last  week  estimated  at  $133,000. 
Stocks  this  morning  show  a  partial  recovery 
from  yesterday's  depression. 

A  number  of  companies  have  announced 
meetings  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  their 
capital  stock.  The  Empire  M.  &  M.  Co.  will 
meet  in  June  10th  to  consider  a  proposition  to 
increase  their  stock  from  $1,000,000  in  12,000 
shares  to  $5,000,000  in  50,000  shares.  The  St. 
Louis  M.  Co.  will  meet  June  6th  to  raise  their 
capital  to  $1,000,000  iu  10,000  shares.  The  Del 
Bey  meet  June  10th  aud  propose  increasing 
the  stock  from  $100,000  in  1,000  shares  to 
3,000,000  in  30,000  shares.  The  Kentuck  Co. 
meet  on  the  same  date  and  propose  increasing 
the  stock  from  $400,000  in  2,000  shares  to 
$4,000,000  in  20,000  shares.  The  Alamo  G.  & 
S.  M.  Co.  meet  June  4th  and  propose  increas- 
ing their  stock  from  $300,000  in  3,000  shares 
to  $3,000,000  in  30,000  shares.  The  Green  G. 
&  S.  M.  Co.  willmeet  June  3d  to  decide  a  propo- 
sition to  increase  the  stock  from  600,000  in 
2,400  shares  to  $2,400,000  in  24,000  shares.  The 
Overman  Co.  propose  on  the  5th  of  June  to  in- 
crease their  capital  from  $1,280,000  in  12,800 
„hares  to  $2,400,000  in  64,000  shares.  The 
Confidence  M.  Co.  propose  increasing  their 
stock  from  $780,000  in  1,500  shares  to  $2,496,- 
000  in  24,960  shares.  The  Adriatic  Co.  meet 
June  8th  to  take  into  consideration  a  proposi- 
tion to  increase  their  stock  to  $2,700,000  in  27- 
000  shares.  The  Gold  Canon  Cons.  Co.  propose 
increasing  their  stock  from  $700,000  in  35,000 
shares  to  $3,500,000  in  35,000  shares. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  P.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 


The  ore  which  is  piled  up  on  Treasure 
Hill,  in  White  Pine,  awaiting  transporta- 
tion to  the  mills,  is  estimated  to  be  worth 
$1,250,000.  The  condition  of  the  road  pre- 
vents shipment. 


May  2. 

Alpha $170 

American  Flag. .  23 

Belcher 1400 

Buckeye 10 

Cbollar-PotoBi . .  270 

Caledonia 127 

Cons.  Virginia...  128 
Grown  Point....  1700 

Daney 6 

Eureka  Cons 37% 

Kureka 20 

Exchequer 65 

Gould  A  Gurry.  .510 
Golden  Chariot. .  — 
Hale  &  Norcross  365 

Ida  Elmore 20 

Imperial 365 

Justice 35 

Kentuck 507.'£ 

Mammoth I 

Meadow  Valley..      19 

Mahogany 25 

Ophir H2Ja 

Orig.  Hid.  Treoa.  17 

Overman 185 

Pioche 17 

Raymond  £  Ely.  110 

Savago  590 

Sierra  Nevada...  48 

Succor  — 

Wash.  £  Creole. .  6X 
Yellow  Jacket...  280 
Seg.  Belcher.... 205 


txt.    May   9.    Adv.  Stc 


1400 
10 
270 
140 
128 
190U 
V4 

sni 

20 
85 
510 
16M 


425 
35 
720 
IK 
19 


lllll 

9 
150 


117« 
27 
38 


280 
300 


6« 
340 
210 


200 
142K 

Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


2'1 

75 

13K 

120 

13'£ 

116 

475 
29 

8 

IBS 

115 


85 
160 


Alpha  Cons 85 

Amador — 

Belcher 1200 

Chollar- Potosi..     HO 
Crown  Point 1700 


BID.  ASKED. 


Eureka  Cons. ...  30 

Eureka 18 

Golden  Chariot.  15 

Gonld  A  Curry.  350 

Hale  it  Norcross  270 


1750 
VA 
31J5 


BID.  ASKED. 


Tda  Elmore... ... 

Imperial 300 

Kentuck 470 

Meadow  Valley..    16J£ 

Ophir 80 

Orig.  Hid.  TreaB    — 

Overman 145 

Savage 500 

Raymond  &  Ely.  117 
Sierra  Nevada...  31 
Yellow  Jacket...  170 


Utah    News. — The    warm    weather  in 
Utah  is  causing  the  snow  to  disappear  rap- 
idly from  the  canons,  and  the   miners  are" 
resuming  work  in  all  quarters.    Prospect- : 
ing  parties  are  starting  out,   and  mining 
matters  all  look  favorable.     Nine  smelting 
furnaces,  costing  in  the  aggregate  $300,- . 
000,  are  now  iu  operation  near  Salt  Lake  . 
City.     It  is  understood  that  the  work  of 
building    the    first    section    of    the  Salt 
Lake    &  Pioche  Bailroad  is  to  be  com- 
menced immediately.      Grading  on    the 
Utah  Southern  Railroad  progresses  rap- 
idly. 


294 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  ii,  1872. 


The  Wild  Pigeon  of  California. 

(Estopistes  Migratoria.) 

The  wild  pigeon  of  the  Pacific  coast  differs 
from  its  prototype,  the  passenger  pigeon  of  the 
Atlantic  StateB,  only  in  being  a  larger  bird,  with 
a  darker  plumage.  It  is  equally  migratory  in 
its  habits,  but  never  seen  collectively  in  such 
large  numbers  as  characterize  the  assemblages 
and  migrations  of  the  passenger  pigeon  in  other 
parts  of  the  world.  A  few  hundreds  at  most, 
being  as  many  as  are  ever  seen  together  for  any 
length  of  time  in  one  place. 

They  are  found  in  the  foothills  and  lower 
mountains  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Coast 
Range,  principally  in  Autumn,  at  the  season 
of  the  ripening  of  the  madrone  berries.  Their 
food  consisting  of  berries,  the  seeds  of  weeds 
and  grasses,  and  grains.  The  California  pigeon 
is  remarkable  for  its  symmetry  of  form,  the  ex- 
reme  rapidity  and  elegance  of  its  flight.  It 
propels  itself  by  quickly  repeated  flappings 
of  the  wings, 
bringing  these  at 
times  closely  to 
the  body  with 
firm  strokes,  and, 
before  alighting, 
breaks  the  force 
of  its  flight  by 
several  rapid 
beats,  as  though 
fearing  injury 
from  coming  too 
suddenly  into 
contact  with  the 
object  upon  which 
it  may  desire  to 
rest. 

The  male  of 
this  species  has 
the  throat,  breast 
and  sides  brown- 
ish red ;  some- 
times with  a  pur- 
plish tint,  under 
parts  of  the  body 
pale  slate  color 
or  bluish  white. 
Head  blue;  hind 
part  and  sides  of 
neck  changing  to 
gold,  green  and 
bright  crimson. 
Upper  part  of 
body  blue;  wing 
coverts  marked 
with  black  spots; 
quills  dark  slate, 
almost  black;  tail 
feathers  dark 
brown  and  blue. 
The  female  has  a 
similar  distribu- 
tion of  colors,  but 
very  much  duller 
than  the,  male. 

The  eastern 
pigeon,  though 
not  possessing 
the  strength,  size 
or  weight  of  the 
California  bird,  is  nevertheless  capable  of  mov- 
ing through  the  air  at  a  mile  a  minute;  and  it 
has  been  killed  in  New  York  with  its  crop  yet 
filled  with  rice  collected  from  the  fields  of 
Georgia  or  South  Carolina,  which  it  must  have 
left  only  five  or  six  hours  before .  "We  say  only, 
because  as  they  digest  their  food  rapidly,  they 
must  necessarily  have  travelled  the  distance 
within  the  time  allowed,  in  order  to  have  ar- 
rived with  the  rice  still  in  its  perfect,  unsoftened 
state. 

The  shape  of  their  body  is  oval,  with  a  sharp 
pointed  tail,  admirably  constructed  for  rapid 
evolutions,  and  also  furnished  with  a  pair  of 
long  wings,  moved  with  large  and  powerful 
muscles.  The  rapidity  with  which  this  bird 
will  pass  through  a  wood  is  perfectly  astonish- 
ing, threading  its  way  among  the  closely-grown 
branches  with  unerring  course,  it  flashes  upon 
the  sight  like  a  meteor,  and  is  gone  from  our 
gaze. 

The  flesh  of  the  California  pigeon  is  dark, 
but  its  juices  are  rich,  and  by  many  is  much 
liked.  The  young,  or  squobs,  as  they  are 
termed,  are  very  tender  and  delicate,  and  much 
more  esteemed  as  food  than  the  adult  birds. 
They  generally  select  the  tallest  trees  they  can 
find  to  breed  in,  and  as  many  as  a  hundred 
nests  are  often  seen  on  a  single  tree.    The  con- 


duct of  the  male  at  this  time  is  much  like  that 
of  the  domestic  pigeon,  elevating  and  depress- 
ing the  body,  swelling  out  the  throat,  and  ex- 
panding the  tail,  he  moves  around  the  timerous 
female,  uttering  the  soft  coo-coo-coo,  so  familiar 
to  everybody  who  has  ever  been  near  a  dove- 
cote. They  lay  only  two  eggs,  elliptical  in 
form  and  pure  white.  The  pigeon  never  nests 
at  any  great  distance  from  water,  to  which  it 
resorts  several  times  during  the  day,  and  when 
it  drinks  immerses  its  bill  up  to  the  eyes,  and 
remains  until  its  thirst  is  satisfied. 


We    Commend   the   Pleasures  of   the 


The  cost  of  a  pocket  magnifying  glass  is  but 
trifling,  yet  its  possession  is  almost  invaluable 
as  a  source  of  pleasure  and  instruction.  If, 
while  walking  in  the  garden  or  the  field,  we 
apply  its  power  to  the  leaf,  the  fruit,  the  flower, 
or  the  form  of  the  minutest  insect  life,  it  brings 
out  the  wonders  of  creative  skill,  of  adaptation 


Wild  Flowers. 

Although  nearly  the  whole  list  of  California 
wild  flowers  are  entirely  odorless  and  single 
petaled,  in  distinction  from  double  flowers,  the 
result  of  cultivation,  yet  there  are  very  many  of 
rare  beauty;  exquisite  from  their  very  singleness 
and  simplicity  of  form  and  bight  of  coloring; 
they  would,  if  growing  by  the  side  of  their 
more  gaudy,  double-sisterhood  of  cultivated 
flowers,  cause  a  blush — if  flowers  can  blush — 
upon  their  flouncing  petals. 

May  pic-nie-ers  from  the  cities  to  the  country 
can  attest  the  beauty  of  the  wild  flowers,  as 
worthy  the  attention,  love  and  fun  of  picking 
them ;  and  very  many,  year  by  year  return  to 
city  homes  from  these  excursions,  fully  deter- 
mined that  another  year  they  will  have  these 
wild  beauties  growing  in  their  own  gardens. 
And  nothing  would  be  easier  if  it  were  possible 
to  obtain  the  seed.  But  in  this  lies  the  diffi- 
culty.    The  seeds  are  not  ripened  till  mid-sum - 


Artesian  Wells  in  Nevada. 

Hon.  C.  W.  Kendall,  member  of  Congress 
for  Nevada,  has  introduced  into  the  House  of 
Representatives,  a  bill  to  encourage  the  sink- 
ing of  artesian  wells  upon  the  public  lands  in 
the  State  of  Nevada,  and  supported  it  with  a 
very  interesting  speech  showing  the  general 
utility  of  such  wells  and  their  special  applica- 
tion to  the  Great  American  Basin,  near  the 
center  of  which  the  State  of  Nevada  is  located. 
We  think  there  can  be  no  question  as  to  the 
feasibility  of  a  general  system  of  irrigation  being 
established  for  that  region  by  the  sinking  of 
such  wells.  The  country  is  almost  destitute  of 
rivers,  at  least  to  such  an  extent  as  to  render 
any  extensive  cultivation  impossible  by  any 
other  means  than  the  one  suggested. 

The  "  encouragement"  asked  for  is  simply  a 
fee  to  a  certain  extent  of  land  adjoining  any 
wells  "which  may  be  sunk  to  a  depth  which 
will  yield  a  sufficient  quantity  of  water  for 
their  irrigation. 
The  amount  of 
land  to  be  dona- 
ted is  left  blank 
in  the  bill,  to  be 
filled  up  asit  may 
be  deemed  advis- 
able from  sugges- 
tions and  facts 
which  may  be 
brought  out  in 
the  course  of  de- 
bate and  consid- 
eration of  the  bill 
previous  to  its  fi- 
nal passage  in  the 
House.  We  cer- 
tainly can  see  no 
reasonable  objec- 
tion to  the  pas- 
sage of  such  a 
bill,  provided  no 
more  land  is  tak- 
en than  any  given 
well  can  properly 
irrigate.  The  land 
is  generally 
worthless  with- 
out such  wells, 
and  as  the  gov- 
ernment does  not 
propose  to  go 
into  the  business 
of  well  digging, 
it  had  better  give 
a  little  to  any  one 
who  will  give  a 
value  to  the 
land,  and  thus 
add  to  the  taxable 
property  of  the 
country. 

With  regard  to 
the  amount  of 
land  which 
should  be  grant- 
ed to  each  well, 
the       Humboldt 


of  means  to  ends,  marvelous  ingenuity  and 
complications  of  wisdom,  of  which  we  had 
previously  no  knowledge  or  conception. 

Nor  is  it  necessary  that  we  confine  its  use  to 
living  vegetable  or  animal  forms,  but  take  the 
broken  crystal,  the  grain  of  sand,  the  snow- 
flake  or  the  frost  upon  the  window-pane,  and 
these  see  through  the  glass  as  an  aid  to  obser- 
vation, will  teach  us  lessons  teeming  with  won- 
der and  delight.  To  our  young  readers  par- 
ticularly we  commend  the  pleasures  of  the 
glass;  carry  it  in  your  pocket,  apply  it  to  what- 
ever of  interest  or  curiosity  you  meet  with, 
animate  or  inanimate;  the  budding  leaf,  the 
opening  petal,  insects  emerging  from  their 
wondrously  formed  habitation,  the  wing  of  the 
bee  or  the  butterfly,  in  fact  everything  upon 
which  you  can  bring  your  glass  to  bear  and 
which  you  can  take  time  to  examine,  and  it 
will  increase  your  knowledge,  multiply  your 
sources  of  intelligent  recreation  and  imbue 
your  mind  with  larger  and  more  exalted  con- 
ceptions of  the  power  and  wisdom  of  the 
Almighty. 


The  idea  of  reclaiming  the  Colorado  desert 
by  means  of  artesian  wells  is  being  mooted  in 
San  Diego.  It  is  believed  by  those  acquainted 
with  the  topography  of  the  country  that  a  large 
subterranean  stream  runs  under  the  desert,  and 
that  all  that  is  necessary  is  to  bore  deep  enough 
to  strike  it.  Congress  will  be  applied  to  for  a 
land  grant  as  a  recompense  for  boring  these 
wells. 


ESTOPISTES     MIGRATORIA. 


mer  or  autumn,  and  then  all  is  dried  and  with- 
ered; and  with  the  lost  beauty  of  the  flower 
goes  all  thought  of  its  possesion  as  a  garden 
adornment.  And  thus  we  go  on  from  year  to 
year,  renewing  our  admiration  of  them  with 
every  returning  spring-time,  only  to  be  again 
forgotten.  And  yet  with  all  our  neglect  and 
forgetfulness,  the  beautiful  wild  flowers  come 
again,  conducing  to  our  happiness  and  pleasure 
because  the  Giver  of  flowers  will  have  it  so. 
We  ought  to  love  flowers,  if  only  in  gratitude 
to  the  great  Giver  who,  though  wholly  unso- 
licited, anmially  renews  the  charming  gift. 

An  interesting  trial  recently  took  place 
in  England,  wherethe  water  from  a  canal 
found  its  way  into  a  coal  mine,  and  the 
owners  brought  suit  against  thecanal  com- 
pany for  damages.  The  judge  held  that  al- 
though the  owner  of  the  mine  had  been 
compensated  for  the  use  of  the  surface 
ground  by  the  company,  any  damage  to 
the  mine  must  be  paid  for  by  the  com- 
pany, the  canal  company  had  the  right  to 
carry  the  water  over  the  mine,  but  were 
responsible  for  any  injury  that  might 
occur. 


A  powerful  disinfectant,  especially  adapted 
to  the  destruction  of  insects,  is  prepared  by 
passing  sulphurous  acid  into  alcohol. 


says: — 
"This  is  not  an 
easy  question  to  answer  satisfactorily.  If  the 
estimated  cost  of  each  well  is  five  thousand 
dollars  then  it  would  require  a  grant  of  six 
sections  of  land  to  cover  the  cost;  estimating 
the  land  at  Government  price.  Then  again, 
it  is  believed  that  a  well  flowing  twenty  inches 
of  water,  miner's  measurement,  would  not  be 
sufficient  to  irrigate  more  than  100  acres,  while 
some  ranchmen  say  that  20  inches  of  water 
will  not  more  than  sufficiently  irrigate  80  acres. 
As. 160  acres  in  all  probability,  will  be  all  that 
can  be  irrigated  by  one  well,  we  would  suggest 
that  amount  as  the  size  of  the  grant.  It  will 
make  no  material  difference,  whether  the  grant 
is  for  160  or  6d0  acres,  as  a  well  would  have  to 
be  sunk  on  each  quarter  section  to  make  the 
land  of  any  value.  The  la^nd,  without  irriga- 
ting is  of  no  value  whatever,  and  it  will  be  a 
wise  act  on  the  part  of  the  Government  to  give 
all  such  land  to  settlers  who  will  undertake  to 
reclaim  it." 


Conflagrations  have  frequently  originated 
in  England  from  the  ignition  of  the  illumina- 
ting gas  at  the  meter  by  a  lightning  spark.  It  is 
therefore  advisable  always  to  establish  a  good 
connection  between  the  lightning-rods  and  the 
gas  or  water  mains  outside  of  the  building. — II. 
Wilde. 


Cotton  Seed  Meal. — English  farmers 
consider  cotton-seed  meal  one-third  more 
valuable  for  feed  to  stock  than  the  best 
corn  meal. 


May  ii,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


295 


UsEfjL     ififOF^I\TION- 


Facts  About  Glue. 

The  best  method  of  preparing  ami  using  a 
substance  which  enters  so  largely  into  wood 
working  processes  us  that  above  nam- id,  tfl  B 
mattei  which  should  be  thoroughly  and 

by  those  who  have  occasion  to  handle  it.  Bome 
difference  of  opinion  has  existed  on  the  ques- 
tiou  whether  an  admixture  of  carbonute  of  Bine, 
or  Paris  white,  which  is  the  form  in  which  it  is 
generally  employed,  is  an  improvement  to  the 
quality  of  the  glue.  The  most  reliable  experi- 
ments, howf-vur,  have  apparently  established 
tho  fact  that  if  very  hue  and  pure  Paris  white 
is  used,  in  limited  quantity,  ami  thoroughly  in- 
corporated with  glue,  the  result  will  be  highly 
advantageous,  not  only  the  appearand  but  the 
sticking  quality  also  being  improved.  Bone 
dust  has  been  proposed  instead  of  Paris  white, 
but  its  gritty  nature  is  an  insuperable  objec- 
tion; it  refuses  to  unite  with  the  glue,  and  ren- 
ders it  less  serviceable.  Similar  injurious 
effects  have  resulted  from  employing  certain 
chemicals,  such  as  carbonate  of  soda,  sulphat-- 
of  zinc  and  oxalic  acid,  which  have  been  ex- 
perimented upon  in  compounding  an  opaqui 
glue. 

Transparent  glue  may  bo  tested  by  holding  it 
to  the  light,  when  it  should  show  no  specks, 
but  be  perfectly  clean  and  clear.  "When  im- 
mersed in  cold  water  it  will,  if  of  the  best  qual- 
ity, swell  without  melting,  and  when  dried  will 
return  to  its  former  size.  After  being  swelled 
in  cold  water,  its  tenacity  may  be  increased  and 
liability  to  injury  by  dampness  prevented  by 
immediately  immersing  it  in  linseed  oil,  and 
heating  it  until  dissolved.  When  dry,  it  will  be 
proof  against  moisture. 

In  preparing  glue  for  use,  it  should  be  first 
cut  into  small  pieces,  and  immersed  in  cold 
water  fur  about  twelve  hours.  It  is  then  placed 
over  a  tire  and  the  temperature  gradually  raised 
until  tho  glue  is  all  dissolved, the  softening  hav- 
ing been  accomplished  by  the  previous  steeping 
in  cold  water. 

A  strong  liquid  glue  is  made  by  combining 
three  parts  of  the  glue  with  eight  parts  of  cold 
water,  letting  it  stand  for  a  few  hours  to  soften 
the  glue,  then  adding  half  a.  pint  of  muriatic  acid 
and  three-fourths  of  a  part  of  sulphate  of  zinc, 
and  keeping  the  whole  mixture  for  ten  or  twelve 
hours  at  a  heat  of  185  degrees  Fahrenheit. 
When  cool  it  will  remain  liquid,  and  is  highly 
recommended  as  an  adhesive  agent  were  wood, 
crockery  or  glass  is  to  be  subjected  to  its  action. 
A  superior  quality  of  liquid  is  also  obtained  by 
dissolving  gelatin  or  dextrin  in  acetic  acid  and 
alcohol.  The  best  liquid  glues,  it  has  been 
found  by  scientific  analysis,  require  to  be  sur- 
rounded by  tepid  water  to  make  them  assume 
the  liquid  form ;  those  which  present  that  con- 
dition at  an  ordinary  temperature  being  usually 
of  an  inferior  grade. 

A  somewhat  novel  test  of  the  quality  of  glue 
is  described  by  an  English  writer,  who  pro- 
ceeded on  the  hypothesis  that  the  glue  which 
will  take  up  most  water  is  the  best.  He  took  50 
grains  of  glue,  dissolved  it  in  three  ounces  of 
water  in  a  water  bath,  and  when  dissolved  left 
it  for  twelve  hours  to  gelatinize.  He  then 
placed  an  ounce  chip  box  on  the  surface  of  the 
gelatin,  and  put  shot  into  the  box  until  it  sank 
so  far  as  to  bring  a  mark  previously  made  on  the 
side  to  the  level  of  the  gelatin.  The  comparative 
strength  of  the  different  kinds  of  glue  thus 
tested  is  denoted  by  the  amount  of  shot  which 
each  will  sustain  before  the  mark  is  brought 
down  to  the  surface.  The  finest  glue  tried  by 
the  experimentor  referred  to  bore  up  six  ounces 
of  shot  at  a  temperature  of  58  degrees. 

For  cabinet  makers'  use,  black  glue  is  often 
selected;  but  the  amber  colored  article  has  been 
proved  by  thorough  experience  to  be  the  most 
suitable  for  that  kind  of  work. — Mechanic  and 
Inventor. 


Useful  Hints. 

Why  are  some  things  of  one  color  and  some 
another?  As  every  ray  of  light  is  composed  of 
all  the  colors  of  the  rainbow,  some  things  re- 
Heat  one  of  these  colors  and  some  another. 

Why  do  some  things  reflect  one  color  and 
some  another  ?  Because  the  surface  is  differ- 
ently constructed,  both  physically  and  ohi  mi- 
cally,  and  therefore  some  Goings  reflect  one  ray, 
some  two  rays  and  some  none. 

Why  is  the  rose  red?  Because  the  Bnrfiux  oi 
absorbs  the  blue  and  yellow  rays  of 
light,  and  reflects  only  the  red  ones. 

Why  is  the  violet  blue  ?  Because  the  surface 
■  f  tin  viol,  t  absorbs  the  red  and  yellow  rays  of 
the  sun  and  reflects  the  blue  only. 

Why  are  some  things  black  ?  Because  they 
absorb  all  the  rays  of  the  light  and  reflect 
none. 

Why  are  some  tilings  white  ?  Because  they 
absorb  none  of  the  rays  of  light,  but  reflect 
them  all. 

What  is  the  cause  of  the  wind  ?  The  sun 
heats  tho  earth,  the  earth  heats  the  air  Testing 
upon  it;  as  the  warm  air  ascends  the  void  is 
filled  up  with  a  rush  of  cold  air  to  the  place, 
and  this  rush  of  air  we  call  wind. 


Qood    rJE^Ljlf. 


Hints  on  House  Building. — A  paper  on  this 
subject,  rend  by  Edward  Roberts,  F.  S.  A.,  be- 
fore the  Royal  Institute  of  British  Architects, 
doses  as  follows: — 

1.  Never  allow  pervious  drains  in  pervious 
soils. 

2."  Never  allow  a  cesspool  or  drain  near  a 

won. 

3.  Never  select  gravel  as  a  building-site  if 
well  drained  clay  can  be  obtained. 

4.  Never  allow  drinking  water  to  be  drawn 
from  a  cistern  supplying  a  water-closet. 

5 .  Never  allow  waste-pipes  to  be  inserted  into 
water-closet  traps. 

6.  Never  allow  rain-water  to  run  to  the 
ground  if  it  is  required  above. 

7.  Never  allow  water  to  stand  in  pipes  ex- 
posed to  frost. 

8.  Never  allow  pipes  to  be  fixed  so  that  they 
cannot  empty  themselves. 

9.  Never  ventilate  except  by  pipes  or  tubes; 
inlets  and  outlets  being  of  equal  size. 

10.  Never  use  glazed  earthenware  pipes  for 
upward  flues. 

11.  Never  allow  chandeliers  to  be  the  exclu- 
sive light  merely  because  it  has  been  customary. 

The  following  extraordinary  case  of  sponta- 
neous combustion  is  related  by  the  New  York 
Insurance  Journal:  A  lady  watching  at  the 
bedside  of  her  husband,  was  astonished,  about 
midnight,  to  perceive  flames  burst  from  the 
surface  of  a  dressing-table  from  no  apparent 
cause.  Upon  the  table  was  some  writing 
paper  and  the  table-cover,  with  an  open 
newspaper  spread  above  them.  Although 
alarmed,  the  lady  was  not  unnerved,  and  cast 
the  burning  mass  into  a  contiguous  vessel, 
where  the  flames  were  soon  extinguished.  In 
searching  her  memory  for  a  cause  for  this  per- 
ilous incident,  she  remembered  that  a  day  or 
two  previously,  she  had  saturated  some  linen 
with  sweet  oil  to  be  laid  over  a  blister,  and  had 
left  it  for  a  short  time  upon  the  table,  occasion- 
ing a  grease  spot  on  the  cover.  The  paper  was 
laid  upon  this  spot.  Probably,  accelerated  by 
the  temperature  of  the  room,  combustion  com- 
menced on  the  greased  cloth,  communicated  to 
the  paper,  and  slumbered  until  the  oxygen  of 
the  atmosphere  was  the  final  cause  of  the  flame. 


Brilliant  Achievement  in  "Wool  Manufac- 
ture.— A  story  is  told  by  English  papers  which, 
if  true,  or  nearly  so,  very  forcibly  exemplifies 
the  near  approach  of  perfection  in  woolen  ma- 
chinery, so  far  at  least  as  the  annihilation  of 
time  is  concerned.  The  story  is  to  the  effect 
that  a  gentleman  in  Newberry,  England,  re- 
cently made  a  wager  of  $5,0110  that  at  eight 
o'clock  on  a  particular  evening  he  would  sit 
down  to  dinner  in  a  well-woven,  well-dyed, 
well-made  suit  of  clothes,  the  wool  of  which 
formed  the  fleece  on  sheep's  backs  at  five  o'clock 
that  same  morning.  Two  sheep  were  shorn; 
the  wool  was  washed,  carded,  stubbed,  roved, 
spun  and  woven;  the  cloth  was  scoured,  fulled, 
tented,  raised,  sheared,  dyed  and  dressed;  the 
garments  were  made.  At  quarter  past  six  he 
set  down  to  dinner,  at  the  head  of  his  guests,  in 
a  complete  damson-colored  suit — thus  winning 
the  wager  with  one  hour  and  three-quarters  to 
spare.  In  this  achievement  the  improved  sew- 
■  ing  machine  is  entitled  to  a  full  share  of  credit. 


Potatoes  a  Century  Ago. — Here  is  some  in- 
formation about  the  status  of  potatoes  a  cen- 
tury ago:  This  root  increases  prodigiously,  and 
is  very  proper  for  feeding  and  fattening  cattle. 
They  are  boiled  in  water,  and  require  but  little 
boiling,  though  they  may  have  been  kept  two 
months  in  the  store.  Cattle  eat  them  raw,  but 
for  the  table  they  are  wholesome  boiled.  I 
earnestly  recommend  the  culture  of  this  plant 
to  husbandmen,  as  it  is  not  only  excellent  food 
for  cattle  but  good  for  men  in  years  of  scarcity. 
After  a  little  use  the  taste  becomes  at  least  as 
agreeable  as  turnips,  and  particularly  if  the  po- 
tatoes are  boiled  with  bacon  and  salt  pork.  The 
consumption  of  them  in  the  English  islands  is 
astonishing,  and  many  are  eat  in  the  French 
provinces.  They  yield  a  very  whitemeal,  which 
mixed  with  wheat  meal  makes  good  bread.  I 
have  eat  it  when  there  was  no  more  meal  in  it 
than  was  necessary  to  make  it  rise. 


A  Hint  for  Settlers. — Eighty  acres  is  all 
that  can  now  be  held  under  the  homestead  act 
on  the  even  sections  within  thirty  miles  of  the 
railroad  line,  the  odd  sections  being  railroad 
land,  except  such  as  are  ready  secured  by  pre- 
emption. A  pre-emption  claim  is  only  good  to 
the  original  settler,  until  complete,  or  if  con- 
veyed to  others,  must  run  the  regular  time  with- 
out counting  the  original  settler's  time  in  such 
purchase  of  an  incomplete  pre-emption  right. 
One  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  however,  can  be 
pre-empted  on  government  land  within  the 
railroad  line,  by  paying  $2.50  an  acre. 


Artificial  Incubation. -Those  wiseacres  who 
are  forever  puttering  over  egg-hatching 
machines,  imagining  they  are  going  to  beat 
mother  nature,  will  finally  learn  to  respect  her 
ways.  An  egg  has  been  happily  pronounced  a 
masterpiece  of  creation,  but  it  is  no  more  so 
than  is  a  feather.  The  covering  of  birds  com- 
bine in  a  wonderful  manner,  lightness  and  com- 
plete ventilation.  It  is  a  first  rate  non-conduc- 
tor of  heat,  and  repels  dirt.  Then  the  vital 
fires,  consuming  grain  for  fuel,  keep  up  a 
heat  gauged  with  more  nicety  than  the  clap 
trap  of  valves  and  self-regulating  lamps  can  ever 
attain.  We  admire  your  ingenuity,  inventors, 
but  we  want  none  of  your  artificial  appliances 
so  long  as  good  motherly  biddy  is  available 
Poultry  World. 

The  depopulation  of  the  Arctic  coasts  by  the 
removal  of  the  chief  means  of  subsistence  of 
the  inhabitants  is  a  question  involving  only  a 
short  time,  if  the  rate  of  destruction  of  the 
seals  and  walrus  is  not  soon  diminished. 


The  cost  of  leeches,  sold  in  Europe,  exceeds 
$10,000,000  per  annum.  The  finest  are  said  to 
come  from  the  Murray  River,  Australia. 


Sleeping. 

It  is  nothing  short  of  murderous  for  one  pi  r 
sim  to  sleep  habitually  in  a  room  less  than 
twelve  feet  each  way;  and  even  then  tho  fire- 
place should  be  kept  open,  and  a  door  ajar,  or 
the  windows  raised  at  bottom,  or  lowered  at  top, 
(both  better;)  this  creates  a  draught  up  the 
chimney,  and  carries  off  much  of  the  foul  air 
generated  during  sleep.  A  little  fire,  or  a  lamp, 
or  jet  of  gas  burning  in  the  fire-place,  increases 
the  draught.  As  the  air  we  breathe  is  the  chief 
agent  for  removing  all  impurities  from  the 
blood,  the  more  effectual  us  it  is  purer,  it  must 
be  plain  to  all  Chat  the  room  in  which  we  spend 
o  clear  third  of  our  entire  existence  should  con- 
tain the  purest  air  possible,  and  that  this  must 
have  an  immense  influence  on  the  health. 
Hence,  our  chambers  should  be  large  and  airy 

the  higher  above  the  ground  the  better — with 
windows  facing  the  south,  so  as  to  have  all  the 
benefit  of  sunlight  and  warmth,  to  keep  them 
dry  and  cheerful.  Besides  a  few  handsome  pic- 
tures or  paintings  on  the  walls,  illustrating 
what  is  beautiful  and  elevating,  there  should  be 
no  furniture  except  u  table,  a  dressing  bureau, 
and  a  few  chairs,  all  without  covering.  With 
the  exception  of  the  bedding  and  a  clean  dry 
towel,  there  should  be  no  woven  fabric,  neither 
carpet,  curtains,  nor  hanging  garments;  for 
these,  especially  if  woolen,  retain  odors,  dust, 
dampness,  and  seeds  of  corruption  and  disease 
for  mouths.  There  should  be  a  hearth-rug  at 
the  bedside,  to  prevent  the  bare  feet  from  com 
ing  in  contact  with  the  cold  floor,  on  getting  out 
of  a  warm  bed.  No  liquid  except  a  pitcher  of 
cold  water  should  be  allowed  to  remain  five  min- 
utes in  a  sleeping-room.  The  deadly  carbonic 
acid  gas  which  comes  from  the  lungs  at  every 
outbreathiug  of  the  sleeper,  rises  to  the  ceiling 
in  warm  weather,  but  falls  to  the  floor  when  the 
room  is  freezing  cold.  Hence,  in  summer,  the 
purest  and  coolest  air  in  a  room  is  near  the 
floor;  in  winter  the  foulest. 

To  Steep  Soundly. 

"With  many  the  inability  to  sleep,  as 
a  growing  habit,  is  the  first  step  toward 
certain  madness;  in  every  disease  it  is  an 
omen  of  ill.  Hence,  to  cultivate  sound 
sleep,  do  not  sleep  a  moment  in  the  day 
time;  go  to  bed  at  a  regular  hour,  and  never 
take  a  "  second  nap  "  after  waiting  of  yourself 
in  the  morning.  Take  nothing  after  dinner  but 
a  piece  of  cold  bread  and  butter,  and  one  cup 
of  hot  drink — not  China  tea,  as  it  makes  many 
wakeful.  Never  go  to  bed  cold  or  very  hungry, 
nor  with  cold  feet.  Read  nothing  after  supper, 
listen  to  nothing,  talk  about  nothing  of  a  very 
exciting  character;  avoid  carefully  every  domes- 
tic unpleasantness,  as  to  child,  servant,  hus- 
band, or  wife.  Let  no  angry  word  be  spoken 
or  thought  harbored  for  a  single  instant  after 
tea-time,  for  death  may  come  before  the  morn- 
ing-light. Grown  persons  generally  require 
seven  hours'  sleep  in  summer,  and  eight  in  win- 
ter. Few  indeed,  except  invalids,  will  fail  to 
sleep  well  who  go  to  bed  at  a  regular  early 
hour,  on  a  light  supper,  in  a  large  room,  and 
clean,  comfortable  bed,  if  there  is  no  sleeping 
in  the  day-time,  and  not  more  than  seven  hours 
in  any  twenty-four  are  passed  in  bed.  One 
week's  faithful  trial  will  prove  this.  Children, 
and  all  persons  at  school  or  engaged  in  hard 
study,  should  take  all  the  sleep  they  can  get, 
and  should  never  be  waked  ,  up  in  the  morning 
after  having  gone  to  bed  at  a  regular  early  hour. 

Cold  on  the  Lungs. — If  a  cold  settles  on  the 
outer  covering  of  the  lungs  it  becomes  pneumo- 
nia, inflammation  of  the  lungs,  or  lung  fever, 
which  in  many  cases  carries  the  strongest  man 
to  his  grave  within  a  week.  If  a  cold  falls  upon 
the  inner  covering  of  the  lungs  it  is  pleurisy, 
with  its  knife-like  pains,  and  its  slow,  very  slow 
recoveries.  If  a  cold  settles  in  the  joints,  there 
is  rheumatism  in  its  various  forms;  inflamma- 
tory rheumatism,  with  its  agonies  of  pain,  and 
rheumatism  of  the  heart,  which  in  an  instant 
sometimes  snaps  the  cords  of  life  with  no  friend- 
ly warning.  It  is  of  the  utmost  practical  im- 
portance, then,  to  know  not  so  much  how  to 
cure  a  cold  as  how  to  avoid  it.  Colds  always 
come  from  one  cause — some  part  or  the  whole 
of  the  body  being  cooler  than  natural  for  a  time 
If  a  man  will  keep  his  feet  warm  always  and 
never  allow  himself  to  be  chilled,  he  will  never 
take  cold  in  a  lifetime,  and  this  can  ODly  be  ac- 
complished by  due  care  in  warm  clothing  and 
the  avoidance  of  draughts  and  undue  exposure. 
While  multitudes  of  colds  come  from  cold  feet, 
perhaps  the  majority  arise  from  cooling  off  too 
quickly  after  becoming  a  little  warmer  than  is 
natural  from  exercise,  or  work,  or  from  confine- 
ment to  a  warm  apartment. —  Wood's  Household 
Magazine. 

Health  of  Fabmeks. — There  are  seven  rea- 
sans  why  farmers  are  healthier  than  profession- 
al men,  viz : 

1.  They  work  more  and  develop  all  the  mus- 
cles of  the  body. 

2.  They  take  exercise  in  the  open  air  and 
breathe  a  greater  amount  of  oxygen. 

3.  Their  food  and  drinks  are  commonly  less 
adulterated  and  far  more  simple. 

4.  They  do  not  overwork  the  brain  as  much 
as  professional  men. 

5.  They  take  their  sleep  during  the  hours  of 
darkness,  and  do  not  try  to  turn  night  into 
day. 

6.  They  are  not  ambitious  and  do  not  wear 
themselves  out  so  rapidly  in  the  fierce  contest 
of  rivalry. 

7.  Their  pleasures  are  simple  and  less  ex- 
hausting, 


DBSTBUOnON    OP    THE    GERMS    OF   DISEASE. — 

As  the  result  of  a  series  of  experiments  on  the 
destruction  of  low  forms  of  life  by  heat,  Dr. 
Crace  Calvert  demonstrates  that  the  germs  of 
disease  will  withstand  a  temperature  of  300  de- 
grees Fahrenheit.  Exposure  to  such  a  heat  as 
this  injures  the  fibers  of  all  kinds  of  cloth  so 
seriously  that  they  are  unfit  for  further  use.  It 
is  therefore  evident  that  the  mere  agency  of  heat 
cannot  be  depended  upon  for  the  destruction  of 
the  genus  or  corpuscles  attached  to  the  clothing 
of  persons  who  have  suffered  from  any  con- 
tagious disi  as-'. 

The  necessity  for  a  change  in  opinion  regard- 
ing the  power  of  chlorine  gas  to  accomplish 
this  purpose  is  urged  in  a  recent  report  of  the 
New  York  Board  of  Health  on  tho  disinfection 
of  clothing  and  rooms  that  have  been  exposed 
to  contamination  by  sinall-pox.  In  the  report 
in  question  carbolic  acid  is  especially  recom- 
mended for  the  disinfection  of  clothing  and 
bedding,  and  sulphurous  acid  gas  prepared  by 
burning  sulphur  for  the  disinfection  of  rooms. 
The  latter  substance  especially  seems  to  have 
the  power  of  utterly  destroying  the  germs  of 
small-pox,  while  chlorine  frequently  fails  alto- 
gether or  only  accomplishes  the  object  in  an 
imperfect  manner. 

Treatment  of  Son  Stroke  in  India.— A  late 
writer  in  Public  Opinion  says:  "'On  one  of  the 
very  hot  days  we  had  recently  no  fewer  than 
nine  men  were  struck  down  by  sun  stroke  in 
the  Lahore  Central  Jail.  They  were  all  quite  in- 
sensible, and  only  able  to  breathe  in  the  sterto- 
rous way  peculiar  to  the  ailment.  The  Super- 
intendent, Dr.  Lethbridge,  had  them  laid  out 
in  a.row  on  the  cool  floor  of  the  Hospital,  and 
there  watered  them  copiously  and  continuously 
for  five  hours  by  means  of  bheeties  with  mus- 
sueks,  before  much  improvement  was  percepti- 
ble. Every  man  recovered,  and  it  is  to  be  noted 
as  a  circumstance  of  considerable  importance, 
that  although  all  the  cases  were  of  the  most 
serious  kind,  the  simple  remedy  of  a  continu- 
ous and  long  continued  supply  of  cool  water 
was  at  last  sufficient.  The  remedy,  continued 
only  for  half  an  hour,  and  perhaps  interrupted 
every  time  the  mussuck  was  empty,  would  evi- 
dently have  been  of  no  avail.  We  recommend 
the  account  to  the  attention  of  all  travelers,  and, 
indeed,  of  every  one  liable  to  be  exposed  to  the 
heat  of  the  sun." 


Treatment  of  Rheumatism. — Casselt's  House- 
hold Guide  says  the  treatment  of  rheumatism 
should  vary,  according  as  the  rheumatism  af- 
fects the  muscles  or  the  joints,  and  relatively  to 
the  age  of  the  patient,  and  the  general  state  of 
health.  People  of  a  rheumatic  constitution 
may  greatly  save  themselves  by  care  in  regard 
to  a  few  particulars.  First,  the  avoidance  of 
exposure  to  cold,  and  especially  to  cold  and 
wet  together — flannel  and  other  kinds  of  warm 
clothing  being  obviously  proper.  Their  food, 
while  it  should  be  nourishing,  should  be  sim- 
ple. Beer  and  porter,  as  a  rule,  should  be 
avoided — they  are  rheumatic  drinks.  When 
the  patient  can  command  a  change  of  climate, 
one  that  is  mild,  uniform,  and  above  all,  dry, 
will  be  the  best.  For  rheumatic  pains  in  the 
muscles,  as  of  the  back  or  neck,  one  of  the  best 
remedies  is  to  cover  the  affected  part  with  a 
piece  of  flannel,  and  rub  it  over  with  a  hot  iron 
every  night  before  going  to  bed. 

Severed  Toes  Replaced. — A  writer  in  the 
Wilmington  Commercial  says:  In  relation  to 
the  man  whose  toes  were  cut  off,  and  after  con- 
veying them  nearly  two  miles  to  his  home  and 
having  the  use  of  them  afterward  by  being  re- 
placed, you  wish  to  know  if  there  ever  was  any- 
thing on  record  similar  to  it. 

In  reply,  I  would  state  that  in  1855,  while 
playing  with  a  hatchet  in  the  yard,  I  cut  the 
two  fore  fingers  of  my  left  hand  entirely  off. 
They  remained  off  till  Dr.  Baker  arrived,  when 
he  sewed  them  on  nearly  one  hour  afterward — 
the  same  doctor  that  replaced  the  toes. 

The  hatchet  being  dull,  it  tore  the  fingers 
more  than  to  cut  them  clean  off,  consequently 
it  was  more  difficult  to  unite  them,  but  for  the 
past  sixteen  years  I  have  had  free  use  of  them 
both,  and  the  marks  of  the  wound  are  scarcely 
perceptible. 

Every  humane  parent  will  make  it  a  religious 
duty  to  arrange  that  every  child  shall  go  to  bed 
in  an  affectionate,  loving,  and  glad  spirit.  If 
wakeful  during  the  night,  get  up,  draw  on  the 
stockings,  throw  back  the  bed-cover  to  air  it, 
walk  the  floor  in  your  night-gown,  with  the 
mouth  closed,  all  the  while  rubbing  the  skin 
briskly  with  both  hands,  until  cooled  off  and  a 
little  tired.  Except  from  August  first  to  Octo- 
ber first,  in  fever  and  ague  localities,  a  chamber 
window  should  be  open  two  or  three  inches  in 
length. — Dr.  Hall,  on  "Sound  Sleep." 

The  Teeth  in  the  insane  are  prone  to  under- 
go certain  changes.  Dr.  Langdon  Down,  who 
read  a  paper  on  this  subject  recently  before  the 
Odontological  Society,  states  therein  that  from 
the  examination  of  nearly  one  thousand  cases 
he  has  found  that  he  could  in  the  majority  of 
instances  state  the  period  at  which  the  imbecili- 
ty or  insanity  began. 

Poisoned  Aik,  that  so  frequently  gains  access 
to  rooms  from  the  sewers,  is  the  cause  of  many 
an  attack  of  fever.  All  contamination  from 
this  source  may  be  avoided  by  relieving  the 
pressure  on  the  traps  of  the  waste-pipe  by 
means  of  a  tube  communicating  with  the  open 
air  at  the  top  of  the  house. 


The  Insane  in  the  Surrey  County  Asylum, 
England,  have  been  treated  to  a  course  of  pri- 
vate theatricals  with  excellent  results.  The 
patients  were  spectators,  not  performers. 


296 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  ii,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWE*R Seniob  Editob. 


DEWEY  «fe  CO.,  Pllblisliers. 


A.  T.  DKWK, 
W.  B.  EWER, 


GEO.  H.  STRONG. 
JNO.  Ii.  BOONS. 


Office.  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
■Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising;  Rates. — lweelc.  lmonlk.   3month3.  lyear. 

Perline 25  .80  S2.00        $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00       $3  00  7.50        20.00 

Oneinch 2.00  5.00  14.00  38.00 

Largo  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Speojal  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
In  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  In  advance — For  one  year,  $4: 
six  months,  $2.50:  three  months,  $1.25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  89. ;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  In- 
sertion, Is.:  subsequent  insertions,  each,  ad.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  AND  REPORTS  OF  MINING  ENTERPRISES 
"Wanted. — Drawings  or  photograpllB  of  mining  works  that 
are  of  genera]  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  journal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  and 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  or  special  interest, 
are  also  desired.  Sketches  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  very  acceptable. 


San  Franoiseo: 

Saturday  Morning,  May  11,  1872. 


Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 

San  Francisco,  Wednesday,  May  8,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying,  90H:  selling,  91.  Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  112. 


Table  of  Contents. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Sutter's  Mill— "Where  gold  was  First 
Discovered,  189.  The  Wild  Pigeon  of  California, 
294.  ArteBian  Wells,  296.  Improved  Car  Coup- 
line.  297.  , 

EDITORIALS — we  Commend  the  Pleasures  of  the  Glass: 
Wild  Flowers;  Artesian  Wells  in  Nevada,294.  Mining 
Stocks,  296.  The  Earthquake  Underground;  Death 
of  a  Capitalist:  A  Sensational  Affair.  296. 

CORRESPONDENCE— The  Mines  of  Utah,  290. 

MINING  SUMMARY — Reports  from  mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts:  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 
292-3. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— The  Physical  Properties  of 
Steel;  Early  Iron  Making  in  England;  Utilization  of 
Slags;  Phosphorized  Bronze  for  Guns;  Browning  Gun 
Barrel  8  291. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— The  Relation  of  Science  to 
Religion;  Brandy  From  Wood  Shavings;  Surface  Elec- 
tricity; Elevation  of  Polar  Lands;  A  New  Hygrometer, 
291 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Facts  About  Glue;  Bril- 
liant Achievement  in  Wool  Manufacture;  Useful  Hints; 
PotatoeB  a  Century  Ago,  295. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Sleeping;  Cold  on  the  Lungs:  De- 
struction of  the  Germs  of  Disease;  Treatment  of  Sun 
Stroke  in  India;  Treatment  of  Rheumatism;  Health 
of  Farmers;  Severed  Toes  Replaced,  295. 

DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.— Relishes  for  Tea;  Hints  for 
House-Furnishing;  Washing  Summer  Clothing;  To 
Bake  Tongue;  Ovster  Soup;  Meat  Balls,  299. 

MISCELLANEOUS— Lead  in  Oregon;  Sleep  and  Lodg- 
ing; Lime  in  the  Haymow,  290-  The  Useful  and 
Beautiful,  298. 


Rich  Specimens. — A  number  of  beauti- 
ful specimens  are  on  exhibition  in  a  jewel- 
ler's window  on  Montgomery  street,  from 
the  Cedarburg  mine,  in  El  Dorado  county. 
The  gold  is  leaf  and  thread  gold,  and  the 
appearance  of  the  rock  is  very  handsome. 
The  specimens  are  very  appropriate  for 
cabinets,  and  will  doubtless  find  their  way 
into  numerous  collections.  A  bowl  of 
gold,  69  ounces,  is  also  shown,  and  attracts 
considerable  attention. 


The  Frear  Stone. — We  would  call  the 
attention  of  builders  and  others  inter- 
ested, to  an  advertisement  of  a  company 
of  gentleman  about  to  commence  the  man- 
ufacture of  this  patent  stone  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  is  an  important  enterprise,  and 
we  shall  have  more  to  say  about  it  after 
seeing  specimens. 

Mastodon  in  Colorado. — Capt.  Ber- 
thoud  has  recently  discovered  a  portion  of 
an  elephant  or  mammoth  tusk  two  feet, 
eight  inches  long,  and  eight  inches  in  di- 
ameter, ten  or  fifteen  feet  below  the  sur- 
face, in  the  gold-bearing  gravel  of  the 
Patch  or  Hill  diggings,  in  Clear  Creek 
Valley,  five  miles  above  Golden,  Colorado. 

The  Trench  Corral  Ditch,  when  comple- 
ted, will  be  about  50  miles  long,  and  be  of 
great  importance  to  the  mining  interests 
of  Sierra  and  Nevada  counties.  It  will 
furnish  water  to  many  claims  along  the 
line  which  have  been  lying  idle  for  want 
of  it. 


We  have  received  a  box  of  specimens 
from  W.  C.  McDougall  which  we  have 
not  yet  had  time  to  -examine. 


Mining  Stocks. 

The  long  expected  decline  in  the  min- 
ing stock  market  has  come  at  last,  and 
everything  has  dropped  to  a  comparatively 
low  figure,  most  of  them  to  the  prices 
ruling  before  the  excitement.  For  the 
last  few  weeks  those  who  had  lost  by  stock 
speculations  were  few,  now  the  exception 
has  become  the  rule,  and  long  faces  are 
plenty  on  California  street.  The  only  ad- 
vance to  note  in  the  market  is  the 
Crown  Point,  the  value  of  which  is  ad- 
mitted by  all,  and  which  most  probably 
assisted  in  inflating  many  other  descrip- 
tions far  above  their  real  value.  There  is 
no  doubt,  however,  of  the  existence  of 
large  and  valuable  bodies  of  ore  in  some 
of  the  mines  that  have  dropped,  and  it  is 
to  be  supposed  that  those  descriptions 
will  again  rise  to  a  properly  proportionate 
value,  and  as  usual  carry  up  adjacent 
mines  with  them. 

On  Friday,  the  3d,  stocks  were  generally 
strong,  and  Crown  Point  rose  to  $1,750 
cash  and  1,800,  buyer  30.  Crown  Point 
advanced  over  the  previous  day  $150,  Im- 
perial $60,  Confidence  $55,  Yellow  Jacket 
$50,  Hale  &  Norcross,  Overman  and 
Savage,  each  $25,  Alpha  and  Segregated 
Belcher,  each  $10,  Exchequer  $20,  Cale- 
donia $5,  Eclipse  $4,  Sierra  Nevada  and 
Trench,  each  $6,  Chollar  Potosi  $250, 
Belcher  declined  $50,  Gould  &  Curry  $30, 
Ophir  $8,  Consolidated  Virginia  $5. 

On  Saturday  the  4th  inst.,  the  market 
was  weak  and  nearly  everything  was  lower. 


From  the  closing  sales  on  Wednesday 
noon  Belcher  advanced  $200,  Caledonia 
$40,  Segregated  Belcher  $27.50,  Kentuck 
$25,  Savage  $320,  Confidence  $20,  Alpha 
and  Exchequer  each  $15,  Ophir  and  Over- 
man each  $10,  and  Sierra  Nevada  $5. 

The  chief  reason  in  the  break  in  stocks 
is  most  probably  a  want  of  confidence  in 
the  unusually  high  prices  which  have  pre- 
vailed for  some  time  and  a  general  desire 
to  realize.  The  reports  from  the  most  of  the 
mines  are  encouraging,  although  out  of 
the  150  mines  called  at  the  "Board  only 
four  or  five  are  paying  dividends.  The 
Belcher  declares  $312,000  payable  on  the 
10th  inst.,  and  has  paid  five  this  year,  one 
of  $10,  two  of  $15,  one  of  $20  and  this  one 
is  $30,  making  in  all  $936,000.  The  Crown 
Point  paid  one  of  $10,  two  of  $15,  one  of 
$25,  and  the  one  payable  this  month  is 
$40,  aggregating  $1,260,000.  The  Meadow 
Valley  has  paid  two  dividends  of  $1.50,  and 
one  of  $1,  aggregating  $240,000.  The 
Raymond  &  Ely  in  four  dividends  has  paid 
$660,000.  The  total  for  four  months  of  all 
these  mines  is  $3,036,000.  The  decline  in 
Yellow  Jacket  ocours  in  the  face  of  im- 
portant discoveries,  and  the  connection  of 
the  ore  in  the  Hale  &  Norcross,  and  Chol- 
lar is  known,  yet  the  latter  stock  is  de- 
pressed. The  Raymond  &  Ely  yielded 
$317,710  in  April.  Reports  from  White 
Pine  mines  are  favorable,  as  the  roads  are 
open  and  the  accumulated  ore  on  the 
dumps  will  now  be  milled.  The  Washoe 
mines  are  all  in  a  flourishing  condition  as 


Hale  &  Norcross  declined  $105  from  pre- 
vious day's  sales,  Kentuck  $70,  Bullion 
and  Imperial,  each  $50,  Cholla  Potosi 
$42.50,  Savage  $65,  Alpha  $40,  Gold  & 
Curry  and  Yellow  Jacket,  each  $30,  Ex- 
chequer $22,  Caledonia  $21,  Overman  $20, 
Consolidated  Virginia  $13,  Segregated 
Belcher  $5,  Sierra  Nevada  $4,  and  Buck- 
eye $3. 

On  Monday  the  6th  inst.,  the  market 
was  again  weak.  Alpha  advanced  $15, 
Chollar  Potosi  $5  to  10,  Crown  Point  sold 
at  $1,900,  Hale  &  Norcross  advanced  $25, 
Gould  &  Curry  $20,  Ophir  $8,  Savage  $20, 
Yellow  Jacket  $5,  Belcher  declined  $50, 
Caledonia  from  $5  to  $7.50,  Consolidated 
Virginia  $25,  Kentuck  $60,  Overman  $20 
and  Exchequer  $3. 

On  Tuesday  business  was  very  light, the 
lightest  for  some  time  past.  Gold  &  Curry 
declined  $70,  Yellow  Jacket  $75,  Imperial 
$85,  Confidence  $65,  Segregated  $60, 
Belcher  $50,  Overman  and  Savage,  each 
$45,  Alpha  $20,Exchequer  $10,  Caledonia, 
Hale  &  Norcross  and  Ophir,  each  $5,  Sierra 
Nevada  $8,  Chollar  Potosi  gained  $50,  and 
Crown  Point  sold  at  1,825  against  the  last 
previous  cash  sale  of  $1,750. 

We  dnesday  everything  went  down  fear 
fully  and  the  generel  weak  tone  of  the 
market  resulted  in  a  panic.  Belcher  de- 
clined from  noon  the  day  before  $300,  Al- 
pha, Ophir  and  Yellow  Jacket,  each  $40, 
Kentuck  $75,  Savage  $35,  Consolidated 
Virginia,  Hale  &  Norcross  and  Segregated 
Belcher,  each  $25,  Caledonia  $32.50,  Chol- 
lar Potosi  $82.50,  Exchequer  $10,  Sierra 
Nevada  $7,  Imperial  $5,  and  everyth  ing 
else  in  proportion. 

On  Thursday  stocks  recovered  slightly 
from  the  day  before,  though  the  market 
was  still  weak;  Crown  Point  sold  from  $125 
to  $175  lower  than  on  Tuesday.  Gould  & 
Curry  dropped  $45  from  same  Board,  and 
Imperial  $85;  Hale  &  Norcross  was  $5  and 
Chollar  Potosi  $250  lower. 


the  local  papers  would  seem  to  indicate. 

The  number  of  newly  incorporated  min- 
ing companies  this  week  is  large,  showing 
that  confidence  in  mining  matters  is  not 
lost,  and  several  companies  are  about  in- 
creasing their  capital  stock.  Whether 
prices  will  go  lower  or  again  rise,  remains 
to  be  seen.  The  rise  in  stocks  resulted 
beneficially  in  one  way  at  least — that  of 
creating  new  companies  to  develop  mines 
in  known  regions  under  the  supervision  of 
men  well  known  in  the  community.  Some 
of  these  enterprises  will  of  course  amount 
to  nothing,  but  among  them  all,  they  cause 
an  activity  of  trade,  and  some  of  them 
ought  to  increase  the  demand  for  labor  and 
at  the  same  time  increase  our  bullion  pro- 
duot.  The  new  mining  law  has  given  con- 
siderable impetus  to  mining  affairs,  and 
has  inspired  confidence  among  investors, 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  actual  devel- 
opment of  ore  will  be  the  object  of  new  or- 
ganizations and  not  the  profit  likely  to  ac- 
crue from  the  fluctuations  of  stock.  Stock 
dealing  itself  does  not  assist  in  the  increase 
of  general  wealth,  but  by  attracting  the  at- 
tention of  men  of  means  to  our  mineral 
resources  it  will  exert  a  beneficial  influ- 
ence. 

The  excitement  that  has  lately  existed, 
has  however,  had  a  demoralizing  tendency 
on  the  community,  for  everybody  went  in 
on  general  principles  without  regard  to 
anything,  save  the  chance  of  making 
money  rapidly.  Many  people  now  find 
themselves  considerably  poorer  if  not  wiser. 
Still  some  continue  to  buy  largely,  in 
hopes  of  realizing  by  a  turn  in  the  down- 
ward movement.  The  large  amount  of 
money  expected  from  dividends  and  the 
general  prospects  from  the  mines,  inspire 
many  with  a  belief  that  the  tone  of  the 
market  will  again  change  favorably,  and 
confidence  be  renewed.  The  recent  ex- 
citement is  unprecedented  in  the  history 


of  our  mines,  and  prices  have  reached  a 
figure  that  few  ever  dreamt  of,  though  it 
is  somewhat  singular  that  stock  in  mines 
showing  no  immediate  prospect  of  paying  a 
dividend,  sell  higher  than  those  which  are 
actually  paying  them  now. 

The  dividends  this  month  are  handsome 
ones  and  the  owners  of  some  of  the  mines 
are  fully  justified  in  their  expectation  of  a 
continuance.  It  is  said  that  the  money 
market  here  is  easy  and  there  is  no  difficul- 
ty in  legitimate  borrowers  getting  accom- 
modated. The  bullion  yield  continues 
unabated.  We  hope  now  that  the  excite- 
ment is  over  that  many  of  those  persons 
who  have  tried  their  luck  in  stocks 
will  turn  their  attention  to  mining  itself 
as  a  legitimate  investment  not  as  a  stock 
operation,  for  the  mining  interests  of  this 
Coast  far  from  being  on  the  decline  or  an 
experiment  are  just  beginning  to  become 
what  they  should  be— the  leading  interest. 
Stock  speculations  are  to  be  deplored  by 
all  mining  men  since  they  generally  do 
more  harm  than  good  to  the  business.  As 
we  go  to  press  stocks  again  show  an  up- 
ward tendency,  and  it  is  supposed  by  many 
that  they  will  regain  the  lately  ruling  high 
prices. 

Artesian  Wells. 

What  are  artesian  wells  ?  According  to 
Bucklaud,  in  his  celebrated  Bridgewater 
treatise  on  geology,  the  name  of  Artesian 
well  is  applied  to  any  perpetually  flowing 
artificial  fountain  obtained  by  boring 
through  strata]  that  are  destitute  of  water 
which  will  ascend  to  the  surface,  into  low- 
er strata  charged  therewith.  The  name  is* 
derived  from  Artois,  (the  Artesium  of  the 
ancient  Latins)  where  the  making  of  such 
wells  has  for  a  long  time  been  practiced. 

The  reason  why  water  will  sometimes 
rise  to  or  above  [the  surface,  through  a 
bore  hole  in  the  earth,  is  shown  by  the 
following  diagram:  Suppose\B  and  D  to  be 
two  strata  of  clay,  or  some  formation  im- 
permeable to  water,  and  iTbe  a  stratum  of 
sand  or  gravel  between  them.  The  rain 
that  falls  on  the  hills  at  either  side  will 
filter  down  through  this  [sand  or  gravel, 
and  collect  in  the  hollow  between  the  clay 
strata  where  it  cannot  escape.  If  now  we 
bore  down  to  K,  the  water  thus  confined 
will  rise  to  the  surface  at  H,  or  considera- 
bly above  it.  The  hight  will  depend 
upon  the  pressure  of  water  which  has  ac- 
cumulated in  the  sloping  space  between 
the  impervious  beds.  It  will  be  readily 
understood  that  it  is  only  where  the  nature 
and  arrangement  of  the  geological  strata 
are  such  as  we  have  described,  that  an 
artesian  well  is  possible. 

Artesian  Wells  4,000   Years  Old. 

Although  artesian  wells  took  the  name 
by  which  they  are  now  known  from  a 
French  province,  where  they  were  first 
employed  in  Europe,  only  about  600  years 
ago,  there  are  such  wells  actually  existing 
which  are  known  to  be  thousands  of  years 
older  than  the  history  of  Artois.  Artesian 
wells  were  sunk  in  the  vicinity  of  ancient 
Thebes,  when  that  city  was  at  the  hight  of 
its  prosperity,  or  not  less  than  4,000  years 
ago.  They  were  sunk  by  first  excavating 
shafts  or  wells  from  six  to  eight  feet  in 
diameter,  through  about  80  feet  of  clay 
and  marl,  from  the  bottom  of  which 
six  and  eight  inch  wells  were  bored  or 
drilled  through  about  300  feet  of  lime- 
stone. At  the  bottom  of  this  limestone 
the  water-bearing  sands  were  met  from 
which  the  water  seemed  to  have  risen  and 
run  over  the  top  of  the  excavated  well. 

According  to  Professor  Anstead,  some 
such  wells  which  were  sunk  in  the  Libiyan 
Desert  have  been  cleaned  out  in  modern 
times,  and  successfully  restored  to  use. 
Other  wells,  of  very  ancient  but  unknown 
date,  were  sunk  by  the  Chinese,  who  have 
long  known  and  used  this  method  of  ob- 
taining water. 

The  Sitka  silver  excitement  is  likely 
to  subside  since  the  rock  from  there  has 
been  assayed. 


May  ii,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


297 


The  Earthquake  Underground. 

One  of  our  correspondents  in  Inyo  Co. 
writes  us  and  says  that  be  has  seen  a  state- 
ment that  is  going  the  roundsof  the  press, 
that  the  earthquake  of  March  26th  was  not 
felt  in  the  mines  at  Benton  at  a  depth  of 
200  feet.  He  says  that  it  is  true  the  shock 
was  not  felt  there,  for  the  simple  reason 
that  no  one  was  in  the  mines  at  the  time, 
but  subsequent  ones  have  been  very  dis- 
tinctly perceived  underground.  This 
statement,  from  a  reliable  gentleman,  will 
overthrow  the  misstatements  which  have 
heretofore  nppeared,  and  which  were  likely 
to  mislead  those  who  usually  look  below 
the  surface  of  all  questions  of  a  scientific 
nature. 

Another  correspondent  writing  on  the 
same  subject  says  that  the  statement  that 
the  miners  underground  at  Cerro  Gordo 
did  not  feel  the  shock  of  the  26th  of  Maroh, 
is  far  from  being  the  case.  The  big  shock 
was  felt  quite  as  severely  400  feet  below 
the  surface  as  it  was  in  the  open  country 
above.  Nearly  all  the  miners  dropped 
their  tools  instantly  and  hurried  to  the 
Burface  with  all  possible  dispatch,  nor  did 
they  venture  below  again  until  the  second 
day  after  the  shock.  In  the  Union  Mine  a 
cave  of  20  tons  or  more  of  dirt  occurred, 
completely  shutting  up  the  main  shaft 
from  the  tunnel.  The  whim  horses  in  the 
mine,  stalled  some  500  feet  from  the  sur- 
face, were  so  badly  frightened  as  to  be- 
come quite  unmanageable,  nor  did  they 
acquire  their  usual  feeling  of  security  for 
several  days  afterward. 

Although  many  of  the  subseqent  shocks 
were  not  felt  by  the  miners  of  the  Cerro 
Gordo  underground,  it  is  noticeable  that 
some  of  the  lighter  shocks— mere  vibra- 
tions— were  felt  at  a  depth  of  400  feet,  ver- 
tically from  the  surface.  Our  correspond- 
ent states  that  in  order  to  satisfy  them- 
selves in  this  point  the  miners  constructed 
two  self-registering  indicators,  placing  one 
in  the  place  of  residence  on  the  surface, 
and  the  other  at  the  end  of  an  adit,  where 
perfect  stillness  prevailed,  and  at  a  depth 
of  450  feet  vertically  from  the  surface. 
The  result  of  the  first  trial  of  twelve  hours 
was  a  record  on  each  at  the  same  hour  and 
minute — five  shocks  being  recorded  in  the 
twelve  hours.  But  one  of  the  five  was 
felt  by  the  miners  working  100  feet  distant. 
Only  three  were  felt  by  persons  above 
ground.  The  second  trial  corroborated 
the  first — three  shocks  being  recorded  in 
each  place.  The  general  opinion  there  is 
that  with  properly  constructed  instru- 
ments that  at  no  depth  attained  in  the 
mines  do  the  shocks  cease  to  be  felt. 


An  Improved  Car  Coupling. 

The  accompanying  cut  represents  an  im- 
provement in  car  couplings,  recently 
patented,  which  is  operated  automatically, 
and  is  intended  to  facilitate  the  coupling 
together  of  a  train  of  cars  without  danger 
to  life  or  limb,  and  to  facilitate  the  un- 
coupling of  the  same  by  an  attendant  on 
top,  or  at  the  side  of  the  cars. 

Figure  1  is  a  side  elevation,  and  figure  2 
an  end  view  of  the  car  coupling.  A  repre- 
sents the  bumper,  B  the  coupling  pin, 
secured  to  the  vertical  sliding  frame  C,  by 
the  key  D.  E  is  a  sliding  bolt,  provided 
with  a  suitable  spring,  shown  in  the  dotted 
lines,  and  also  provided  with  a  stop  lug,  or 
projection,  G.  To  the  handle  1,  forming 
part  of  the  frame  C,  suitable  rods  or 
chains  lead  to  the  top  of  the  car,  or  may  be 
attaohed  to  the  side  by  means  of  a  pulley, 
bell-crank  or  lever,  as  deemed  advisable. 

The  drawing  represents  the  position  of 
the  different  parts  when  the  cars  are  cou- 
pled ;  the  car  having  the  usual  link  is  se- 
cured to  the  coupling  in  this  improvement 
by  means  of  the  pin  B,  the  pin  B  and  the 
frame  C  being  held  down  by  the  spring  /. 

When  the  handle  /  is  grasped,  and  the 


A  Sensational  Affair. — Quite  a  sensa- 
tion was  created  in  this  city  on  Wednes- 
day by  the  publication  of  a  series  of  ru- 
mors, which  hai  been  quietly  circulated 
in  stock  circles  for  several  days  previously, 
relative  to  the  alleged  origin  of  the  fire 
which  occurred  in  the  Yellow  Jacket  mine 
some  three  years  ago,  and  by  which 
thirty-eight  lives  were  destroyed.  The 
principal  parties  involved  in  the  trouble 
are  two  well-known  and  wealthy  mine  and 
stock  operators — William  Shaw  and  J.  P. 
Jones.  It  is  alleged  that  the  former  gen- 
tleman charges  the  latter  with  having 
caused  the  fire  alluded  to,  and  has  endeav- 
ored to  suborn  a  witness  to  testify  in 
the  matter.  The  charge  is  indignantly  re- 
pudiated. An  unfortunate  condition  ex- 
ists in  the  faot  that  the  two  are  bitter  po- 
litical rivals,  and  have  been  on  unfriendly 
terms  for  some  time  past.  Disclaimers 
are  put  in  all  round. 

The  effect  of  the  publication  was  the 
creation  of  an  intense  excitement  on  the 
street  and  a  breaking  down  in  the  stock 
market.  Public  sympathy  is  mostly  with 
Mr.  Jones,  against  whom  the  shaft  has 
been  hurled.  We  refrain  from  entering 
into  any  particulars,  as  we  presume  the 


Death  of  a  Capitalist. — P.  L.  A.  Pioche, 
well  known  as  a  capitalist  and  friend  to 
the  mining  interests  of  this  coast,  and  in 
whose  honor  the  town  of  Pioche  was 
named,  committed  suicide  in  this  city  last 
week.  By  a  provision  of  his  will  his 
paintings,  drawings,  sketches  and  engrav- 
ings and  objects  of  art,  his  books  and 
mineralogical,  geological  and  conchologi- 
cal  collection  are  to  be  given  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  California.  He  bequeaths,  also, 
§5,000  to  cover  the  costs  of  arranging  and 
classifying  them,  and  requests  that  a  room 
be  set  apart  for  their  special  accommoda- 
tion, which  shall  be  open  to  the  public 
freely  at  fixed  and  frequent  periods,  as  is 
the  case  with  museums  in  Europe,  so  that 
students  and  patrons  of  the  tarts  and  sci- 
ences may  there  instruct  themselves  and 
increase  the  sphere  of  their  studies  and 
their  knowledge  of  facts  that  may  be  of 
use  to  hasten  the  progress  and  develop- 
ment of  this  country.  The  collection  of 
minerals,  etc.,  is  a  fine  one  and  will  be  a 
valuable  addition  to  that  already  belonging 
to  the  University.  It  might  be  well  for 
the  Regents  to  add  a  li  ttle  more  to  the 
money  left  by  Mr.  Pioche,  and  make  a 
place  large  enough  for  them  to  exhibit 
their  whole  collection,  which  now  lies  out 
of  sight  in  the  rooms  of  the  State  Geolog- 
ical Survey,  and  is  of  no  practical  use  as 
far  as  instruction  to  students  is  concerned. 


AN     IMPROVED    CAR    COUPLING. 


frame  C  is  drawn  upward  until  the  notch 
K  comes  opposite  the  stop  G,  the  spring 
shown  by  the  dotted  lines  will  cause  the 
bolt  Eto  move  upward  and  project  beyond 
the  face  of  the  bumper;  and  the  lug,  or 
stop,  G,  will  prevent  the  frame  from  being 
drawn  downward  by  the  spring  J,  when 
the  handle  is  released  and  the  bolt,  or 
coupling-pin,  B,  has  been  drawn  up  so  as 
to  release  the  link,  the  uncoupling  will 
have  been  effected  and  the  apparatus  ready 
set  for  automatically  coupling  the  next  car, 
by  the  impact  of  the  bumper  of  said  car 
with  the  projecting  end  of  the  sliding  bolt 
E.  This  sliding  bolt  will  be  forced  back 
by  the  impact  until  the  stop,  or  lug,  G, 
has  passed  out  of  the  notch  K,  when  the 
frame  G  is  drawn  by  the  spring  /  to  the 
position  shown  in  the  cut. 

By  the  means  above  described  the  old- 
fashioned  method  of  making  a  man  go  be- 
tween the  cars,  hold  the  link  and  put  in 
the  pin,  is  entirely  done  away  with,  and  a 
safe  and  convenient  one  adopted.  The 
cars  are  coupled  by  the  impact  and  are 
uncoupled  by  a  person  stationed  on  top  of 
the  cars,  or  by  means  of  a  chain  or  rod 
leading  to  any  desired  position,  without 
danger  to  the  operator.  No  attendant  is 
required,  of  course,  to  couple  the  oars, 
Further  information  concerning  this  pat- 
ent may  be  had  from  B.  O.  Tripp,  of 
Woodside,  San  Mateo  county,  Cal. 

An  important  suit  is  now  in  progress  in 
Nevada  between  the  Hidden  Jewel  and 
Lemon  mining  companies  for  the  posses 
sion  of  a  valuable  mine  in  Eureka  Dis 
trict. 


ATENTS   &  INVENTIONS. 


Full  List  of  D.  S.  Patents  Issued  to 
Pacific   Coast   Inventors. 

[From  Opncui  Reports  to  DEWEY  *  00.,  U.  S.  and 

Foreign  Patknt  Agents,  and  Publishers   or 

TBS  ScrENTirio  Press.] 

Ton   the  Week   Ending   April  30th,  1872. 

Knee-Brace  for  Sewing  Machines. — Francis  E.  Mills, 
N,  w  Y,,rk.  N.  Y.,  assignor  to  Mills  Treadle  Manufac- 
turing Company,  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  antedated  April 
18,1871. 

Apparatus  pon  Amalgamating  Precious  Metals.— Ed- 
win J.  Frnser,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Stave  Machine.— Lanjartiue  R.  Fulda,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  assignor  to  himself,  Martin  Fulda,  and  Henry  C. 
Fulda,  same  place. 

WArr.n-WiiEEL.— Morgan  Hungerford,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

Wagon-Tire  Tightner.— John  Kafader,  Jacksonville, 
Oregon. 

Note.— Coplea  of  U.S. and  Foreign  Patent*  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  less  time  tlmu  by  any  other 
agency 


whole  matter  will  be  made  the  subject  of 
judicial  investigation,  whereby  the  full 
facts  will  be  elicited,  and  justice  be 
meted  out  to  all  parties  concerned.  The 
affair  appears  to  be  one  of  a  purely  per- 
sonal and  partisan  nature  since  affidavits 
seem  to  be  sought  for  publication, 
rather  than  information  for  the  procure- 
ment of  indictments,  by  which  the  ends 
of  justice,  simply,  might  be  reached. 

The  Cedab  Ceeek;  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany have  put  their  stock  on  the  London 
market,  with  a  capital  of  £200,000  in  40,- 
000  shares.  The  mines  the  new  company 
propose  to  purchase,  are  in  Dutch  Flat 
and  Gold  Bun,  in  Placer  county,  and  are 
gravel  claims  to  be  worked  by  hydraulic 
process.  The  water  rights  of  the  company 
are  extensive.  The  purchase  price  is  £190.- 
000,  of  which  £90,000  is  in  shares. 

The  Peat  Discoveries. — A  dispatch 
from  Los  Angeles  states  that  the  commis- 
sion appointed  by  the  Common  Council 
to  examine  the  peat  deposits,  recently  dis- 
covered between  that  place  and  Wilming- 
ton, have  returned  with  samples  of  a  fair 
quality.  Investigations  will  be  made  to 
ascertain  its  true  thickness  and  value  at 
different  points  between  Los  Angeles  and 
the  sea  coast. 


Scientifio  Works. — The  Mercantile 
Library  received  by  last  steamer  a  collec- 
tion of  scientific  and  miscellaneous  works 
from  Victoria,  Australia,  most  of  them 
printed  under  the  auspices  of  the  Colonial 
Government.  Among  them  is  a  book  em- 
bodying the  results  of  meteorological  ob- 
servations taken  there  from  1859  to  1860, 
and  the  nautical  observations  collected  at 
the  Flagstaff  Observatory,  Melbourne,  dur- 
ing the  same  period;  a  work  by  Ferdinand 
Muller  with  analytical  drawings  of  Aus- 
tralian maps,  plants  indigenous  to  Victo- 
rio;  vegetation  of  the  Chatham  Islands, 
Victoria;  matters  relating  to  the  gold  fields 
of  Victoria;  abstracts  of  specifications  in 
connection  with  the  preservation  of  wood, 
etc.,  etc  There  are  eighteen  volumes  and 
four  pamphlets,  some  of  the  scientifio 
works  being  fine  specimens  of  typography 
and  containing  superior  engravings. 

Discoveries. — The  Merced  Tribune  says 
that  a  gravel  claim  with  good  indications 
was  discovered  two  weeks  since  on  the 
Merced  Biver,  in  Merced  county,  about 
l1/,  miles  above  Merced  Falls. 

A  rich  gravel  strike  south  of  the  Canada 
Hill  Mill  is  reported  by  the  Nevada  Tran- 
script. The  channel  is  supposed  to  run 
through  Grass  Valley,  and  into  the  Bough 
&  Beady  Townships,  and  to  be  the  same 
which  the  Murchie  Bros,  have  been  work- 
ing with  such  good  results.  The  gold  is 
very  coarse,  and  the  last  run  cleaned  up 
$15  per  day  to  the  hand. 

Quicksilver. — The  Oakville  quicksilver 
mine  has  recently  developed  a  fine  body  of 
rich  ore,  which  has  so  far  been  sunk  upon 
20  feet  without  the  miners  having  gone 
through  it.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  the 
mines  in  that  section  of  country  will  be 
equally  as  successful,  when  we  may  hear 
of  this  essential  metal  being  quoted  at 
much  less  than  85  cents  per  pound.  It  is 
said  that  this  mine  has  1,300  tons  of  ore 
on  the  dump,  including  200  tons  of  a  very 
rich  quality.  A  new  furnace  is  shortly  to 
be  erected. 


The  House  Mining  Committee  in  Con- 
gress have  agreed  to  report  favorably  on 
the  bill,  providing  that  the  United  States 
shall  guarantee  the  payment  of  the  inter- 
est on  the  Sutro  Tunnel  at  a  par  value  of 
$2,000,000. 


Fibes. — A  fire  occurred  in  the  Uncle 
Sam  shaft,  at  Gold  Hill,  on  the  26th  ult. 
No  work  has  been  done  through  the  shaft 
for  some  time,  and  the  hoisting  works 
were  being  removed  at  the  time  of  the  fire, 
having  been  purchased  by  the  Baltimore 
Company. 

The  ISL  mill,  near  Unionville,  Mon- 
tana, was  burned  down  recently.  It  was 
built  in  1866,  and  cost  $30,000  ; 
was  worth,  at  the  time  of  destruction, 
about  $20,000.  The  origin  of  the  fire  is 
unknown. 


Oregon  Lead. — Some  of  the  ore  from 
the  newly  discovered  lead  mine  at  the  foot 
of  the  Cascades  in  Linn  county,  Oregon, 
has  been  assayed,  and,  according  to  the 
Oregonkm,  yielded  60  per  cent,  lead,  and 
about  $18  per  ton  in  silver.  The  mine  is 
known  as  the  Washington,  and  has  been 
incorporated.  The  same  class  of  ore  is 
reported  to  have  been  discovered  near  Til- 
lamook. 


298 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  ii,  1872. 


DOMESTIC 


[CONOMY. 


Relishes    for    Tea. 

Spiced  Veal. — Chop  three  pounds  of  veal 
steak,  and  one  thick  slice  of  salt  fat  pork,  as 
fine  as  sausage  meat;  add  to  it  three  Boston 
crackers,  rolled  fine;  three  well-beaten  eggs; 
half  a  teacup  of  tomato  catsup;  a  teaspoonful 
and  a  half  of  fine  salt;  a  teaspoonful  of  pepper; 
and  one  grated  lemon.  Mould  it  into  the  form 
of  a  loaf  of  bread,  in  a  small  dripping:pan; 
cover  with  one  rolled  cracker;  and  baste  with  a 
tea-cupful  of  hot  water  and  melted  butter,  with 
two  tablespoonfuls  of  the  butter.  Bake  for 
three  hours,  basting  every  little  while  (this 
makes  it  moist).  Make  the  day  before  it  is 
desired  for  the  table;  slice  very  thin,  and  gar- 
nish with  slices  of  lemon  and  bits  of  parsley. 

Melton  Veal. — This  is  a  standard  dish  at  the 
Melton  Baces  in  England,  and  is  composed  of 
alternate  slices  of  veal  and  ham.  Butter  a  good- 
sized  bowl,  and  slice  as  thin  as  possible  six 
hard-boiled  eggs,  then  line  the  bowl  with  the 
slices.  Place  in  the  bottom  a  layer  of  raw  veal 
steak  in  thin  slices,  and  sprinkle  over  it  a  small 
quantity  of  salt,  pepper,  and  grated  lemon- 
peel;  proceed  in  the  same  way  with  thin  slices 
of  raw  ham,  but  leave  out  the  salt.  Fill  up  the 
bowl  in  this  manner.  Cover  it  with  a  thick 
paste  of  flour  and  water,  so  stiff  as  to  be  rolled 
out.  Tie  a  double  cotton  cloth  all  over  the  top 
and  boil  three  hours,  putting  it  into  boiling 
water  at  the  first,  and  keeping  the  water  just 
below  the  level  of  the  bowl.  When  cooked, 
take  off  the  cloth  and  the  paste,  and  let  the  veal 
stand  until  the  following  day;  then  turn  it  on 
to  a  platter,  and  cut  very  thin  after  it  comes  to 
the  table ;  garnish  with  sliced  lemon  and  parsley. 
It  is  "a  dainty  dish"  to  set  before  a  king.  It 
is  also  delicious  as  |a  side  dish  for  dinner,  and 
makes  a  good  breakfast. 

Potted  Shad. — Cut  a  fine  shad  into  three  or 
four  pieces,  omitting  the  tail  and  head;  place  a 
piece  in  a  small  stone  jar,  sprinkle  well  with 
salt,  and  whole  allspice,  and  whole  pepper- 
corns; fill  up  the  jar  in  this  manner,  and  cover 
the  shad  with  sharp  cider  vinegar.  Cover  the 
jar  with  a  Btiff  paste,  and  bake  in  a  slow  oven 
for  three  or  four  hours.  If  the  vinegar  is 
strong  it  will  dissolve  all  the  small  bones  of  the 
shad,  and  the  large  one  should  be  removed  be- 
fore baking.  This  will  keep,  in  a  cool  place,  if 
tightly  covered,  for  five  or  six  weeks;  so  it  is 
well  to  pot  three  or  four  shad  at  once.  It  is  a 
delicious  relish  for  either  breakfast  or  tea. 

Potted  Beef. — Take  eight  pounds  of  lean 
rump  steak,  put  it  into  a  stone  jar,  with  a  tea- 
cup of  boiling  water,  a  level  table-spoonful  of 
salt,  a  teaspoonful  of  pepper,  and  a  few  whole 
allspice,  with  one  onion  chopped  fine.  Cover 
with  paste  and  bake  for  three  hours.  Turn  out 
all  the  liquor,  and  take  out  the  meat  into  the 
chopping-bowl.  Pound  it  fine  with  the  pestle; 
season  with  half  a  tea-cup  of  catsup.  Taste  it, 
and  if  not  highly  seasoned  add  more  salt  and 
pepper.  "When'perf  ectly  fine  press  into  moulds, 
or  small  cups;  and  if  desired  to  be  kept  for  six 
weeks,  cover  the  tops  with  melted  butter  so 
thickly  that  no  meat  is  seen.  "Wet  the  moulds 
or  cups  with  water,  and  the  beef  will  turn  out 
in  form. — Scribner. 


A  Most  Excellent  Domestic  Confection. — 
This  is  the  season  for  oranges.  The  peel  of  this 
fruit,  preserved  in  sugar,  is  one  of  the  most  de- 
lightful confections  which  a  family  can  use,  far 
superior  to  the  extracts  sold  in  the  shops.  The 
peel  should  of  course  should  be  perfectly  clean, 
and  should  be  cut  in  long  thin  strips.  Stew  in 
water  till  all  the  bitterness  is  extracted.  Throw 
away  the  ,  water  and  stew  again  for  half  an  hour 
in  a  thick*  syrup  made  of  a  pound  of  sugar  to 
one  of  peel,  with  just  water  enough.  Put  away, 
in  a  cool  place,  for  flavoring  puddings,  pies, 
etc.  For  this  purpose,  it  should  be  chopped 
very  fine.  No  better  or  cheaper  flavoring  can 
be  furnished  to  a  household. 


Stoeing  Ashes  in  Wooden  Vessels. — A  great 
many  conflagrations  originate  from  the  embers 
of  wood  ashes.  When  a  few  quarts  of  embers 
are  thrown  into  a  barrel  of  ashes,  or  into  a  bin 
of  wood  ashes,  a  second  combustion  often  oc- 
curs slowly,  until  many  bushels  have  been 
burned  over.  Then,  as  the  smouldering  fire 
reaches  the  boards  or  the  staves,  the  wood  will 
soon  be  ignited.  Insurance  agents  should  make 
particular  inquiry  on  this  point;  and,  if  the  in- 
sured will  persist  in  the  practice  of  storing  their 
ashes  in  wooden  vessels,  they  alone  should  be 
the  losers  if  their-  buildings  take  fire  from  such 


Cbackek  Pies. — Boll  six  crackers  fine  and 
put  them  in  a-fbur-quart  pail  or  kettle,  pour 
over  them  three-fourths  of  a  pint  of  vinegar, 
two  cups  of  molasses,  and  a  quart  of  boiling 
water.  Boil  on  the  stove  half  an  hour,  adding 
more  water,  if  necessary,  to  make  quite  thin. 
Add  salt,  raisins  and  all  kinds  of  spice,  and 
make  short  crust  for  four  pies.  Bake  about 
twenty  minutes,  or  until  the  crust  is  done.  A 
little  sugar  may  be  added  before  the  top  crust 
is  put  on. 

Corn  Beead. — Take  four  cups  of  sour  milk, 
one  of  these  partly  filled  with  cream;  one  egg, 
a  little  salt,  two  even  teaspoonfuls  pulverized 
soda;  mix  the  soda  with  a  little  corn  meal,  and 
stir  altogether,  till  it  foams;  then  add  corn 
meal  till  a  thin  batter  is  obtained,  and  pour  in- 
to hot  tins,  oiled,  an  inch  deep,  and  bake  in  a 
quick  oven. 


Hints    for    House-Furnishing. 

With  the  return  of  spring  the  hearts  of  house- 
keepers are  turned  to  their  houses.  It  is  aston- 
ishing how  dingy  now  appear  articles  of  furni- 
ture that  have  hitherto  quite  satisfied  us;  how 
we  long  to  renew  the  freshness  of  our  rooms 
as  the  earth  renews  her  verdure.  It  is  easy 
enough  to  do  this  where  there  is  plenty  of 
means  at  command, — to  do  it,  at  least,  in  a 
certain  way, — but  to  do  it  satisfactorily  requires 
no  less  taste  than  money.  Some  of  the  ugliest 
rooms  we  have  ever  seen,  have  been  those  on 
which  no  expense  has  been  spared.  The  com- 
pensations of  a  limited  income  may  often  be 
seen  in  the  thoughtfulness  which  it  compels  both 
in  dress  and  house-furnishing.  Very  few  of 
the  tradesmen  concerned  with  the  fitting  up  of 
interiors  are  to  be  wholly  trusted  in  matters  of 
taste.  It  is  worth  while  for  all,  especially  those 
with  moderate  means,  to  make  these  things  a 
study;  to  educate  the  eye,  as  far  as  possible,  so 
that  they  may  not  make  mistakes  of  color 
and  form  which  they  cannot  afford  to  repair 
speedily. 

Philip  Gilbert  Hamerton,  in  his  Thoughts 
About  Art,  drops  many  useful  hints  on  the  deco- 
ration and  furnishing  of  houses.  "A  house," 
he  says,  "ought  to  be  a  work  of  art,  just  like 
a  picture.  Every  bit  of  fui-niture  in  it  should 
be  a  particle  of  a  great  composition,  [chosen 
with  reference  to  every  other  particle.  A  grain 
of  color  the  hundredth,  of  an  inch  across,  is  of 
the  utmost  importance  in  a  picture,  and  a  little 
ornament  on  a  chimney  piece  is  of  the  utmost 
artistic  importance  in  a  house.  A  friend  of 
mine,  who  really  understands  painting,  is  so 
exquisitely  alive  to  harmony  of  color,  that  I 
have  seen  him  exclude  a  penholder  from  a 
large  room  because  its  color  was  discordant. 
This  may  be  carrying  matters  a  little  too  far, 
but  the  principle  is  correct.  There  should,  of 
course,  be  some  dominant  color  in  every  room, 
and  whatever  fails  to  harmonize  with  it  should 
be  kept  as  much  as  possible  in  the  background 
if  it  be  impossible  to  exclude  it."  But  the 
harmonies  of  color,  according  to  Mr.  Hamer- 
ton, are  just  what  are  least  understood,  and  he 
goes  on  to  teach  us  by  illustrations  from  Nature, 
that  blue  and  green,  contrary  to  the  milliner's 
dictum,  are,  or  may  be,  in  exquisite  harmony 
when  used  in  the  decoration  of  our  houses. 
— ScriZmer. 


To  Bake  Tongcte. — Parboil  the  tongue  and 
skin  it  as  for  roasting;  trim  it  neatly,  mince  two 
boiled  onions,  a  bunch  of  parsley;  mix  with 
these  three  tablespoonfuls  of  fine  crumbs  sea- 
soned with  a  drachm  of  cayenne,  and  a  blade 
of  mace  and  six  cloves  pounded;  spread  the 
seasoned  crumbs  over  the  tongue,  and  cover 
them  with  bacon  cut  as  thin  as  possible.  Boll 
up  the  tongue  with  the  thick  part  in  the  middle, 
put  it  into  a  small  baking-pan,  cover  it  with 
broth  or  stock,  put  it  into  the  oven  and  let  it 
bake  slowly  from  three  to  four  hours.  When 
taken  out,  put  it  into  the  mould  and  press  it 
till  cold.  It  makes  a  pretty  dish  for  breakfast 
or  lunch. 


Oystek  Soup. — Take  one  quart  of  oysters 
and  separate  them  from  the  liquor,  wash  them 
thoroughly  in  a  pint  of  water,  strain  the  liquor, 
add  one  pint  of  milk,  some  mace,  nutmeg  and 
pepper,  with  three  crackers  pounded  fine,  and 
one-fourth  pound' of  butter,  boiled  all  together 
about  five  minutes;  take  it  off  the  fire;  when 
about  to  serve  up  the  soup,  put  in  the  oysters 
and  let  it  boil  one  minute.  The  soup  will  then 
be  ready  for  the  table.  For  each  quart  of  oys- 
ters a  pint  of  milk  must  be  added,  and  every 
other  ingredient  in  proportion  to  the  quantity 
required.  Three  pints  of  oysters  are  sufficient 
for  eight  persons. 

Meat  Balls. — A  savory  way  of  preparing 
meat,  is  in  the  fonn  cf  meat  balls  made  thus: 
Cold  boiled  or  raw  beef  or  pork  chopped  very 
fine,  put  into  a  dish,  together  with  eggs — one 
to  each  half  pound  of  the  meat — crumbs  of 
light  bread,  soaked  and  mashed  fine,  a  couple 
of  medium  sized  onions  chopped,  (may  be 
omitted,  if  not  liked),  season  to  taste,  with  salt, 
if  the  meat  is  fresh,  pepper,  nutmeg  and  all- 
spice, and  form  into  egg-shaped  balls  with  the 
hand;  if  too  moist  to  form  well,  add  a  little 
flour,  and  fry  in  plenty  of  lard. 

Wet  Coal  Dust. — Coal  dust  burns  better 
when  moistened.  The  moisture  helps  it  to 
coke,  and  if  the  back  part  of  the  fire  is  bright 
red,  the  steam  being  decomposed,  acts  as  so 
much  additional  fuel,  the  oxygen  promoting  the 
combustion,  and  the  hydrogen  inflaming. 

Tomato  Custaed. — This  is  said  to  be  a  bene- 
ficial diet  for  consumptives.  It  is  made  by 
straining  finely  stewed  tomatoes  through  a 
course  seive,  and  adding  two  pints  of  milk  and 
one  pint  of  tomatoes,  for  four  eggs  and  one  tea- 
spoonful of  sugar.     Bake  in  small  cups  quickly. 

Excellent  Crackees. — To  fourteen  cups  of 
flour,  add  one  cup  of  lard,  two  teaspoonfuls  of 
soda,  four  of  cream  tartar.  Bub  the  ingredi- 
ents well  into  flour,  then  add  three  cups  of 
water,  work  thoroughly  and  back  quick. 

OaiLETTe.— Six  eggs,  beat  the  whites  and 
yolks  separately  until  very  light,  then  stir  to- 
gether; add  no  salt  as  it  will  make  it  heavy. 
Put  on  a  hot  griddle  slightly  greased  with  but- 
ter; when  nicely  browned,  turn — serve  hot. 

Mdffins. — Three  eggs,  one  cup  sweet  milk, 
one  small  teaspoonful  of  soda,  two  of  cream  of 
tartar,  a  piece  of  butter  the  size  of  an  egg,  three 
cups  of  flour.  Bake  in  muffin  rings,  in  a  quick 
oven. 


Washing  Summer  Clothing. 

Summer  suits  are  nearly  all  made  of  white  or 
buff  linen,  pique  cambric  or  muslin,  and  the 
art  of  preservingthe  new  appearance  after  wash- 
ing is  a  matter  of  the  greatest  importance.  Com- 
mon washerwomen  spoil  everything  with  soda, 
and  nothing  is  more  frequent  than  to  see  the 
delicate  tints  of  lawns  and  percales  turned  into 
dark  blotches  and  muddy  streaks  by  the  ignor- 
ance and  vandalism  of  a  laundress.  It  is  worth 
while  for  ladies  to  pay  attention  to  this,  and  in- 
sist upon  having  their  summer  dresses  washed 
according  to  the  directions  which  they  should 
be  prepared  to  give  their  laundresses  themselves. 
In  the  first  place,  the  water  should  be  tepid, 
the  soap  should  not  be  allowed  to  touch  the 
fabric ;  it  should  be  washed  and  rinsed  quick, 
turned  upon  the  wrong  side,  and  hung  in  the 
shade  to  dry,  and  when  starched  (in  thin 
boiled,  but  not  boiling  starch)  should  be  folded 
in  sheets  or  towels,  and  ironed  upon  the  wrong 
side,  as  soon  as  possible.  But  linen  should 
be  washed  in  water  in  which  hay  has  been 
boiled  or  a  quart  bag  of  btan.  This  last  will  be 
found  to  answer  for  starch  as  well  and  is  excel- 
lent for  print  dresses  of  all  kinds,  but  a  hand- 
ful of  salt  is  very  useful  also  to  set  the  colors  of 
light  cambrics  and  dotted  lawns;  and  a  little 
beef's  gall  wiU  not  only  set,  but  brighten  the 
yellow  and  purple  tints,  and  has  a  good  effect 
upon  green.— Neio  York  World. 

Potato  Yeast. — Pare,  wash  and  grate  four 
good-sized  potatoes,  add  to  them  one-half  tea- 
cupful  of  salt,  two-thirds  teacupful  of  sugar , 
pour  over  this  mixture  one  quart  of  boiling 
water,  and  when  hike-warm  add  one  cup  of 
good  yeast,  and  let  it  rise.  It  does  not  keep 
quite  as  long  as  hop  yeast  in  hot  weather,  but 
makes  sweeter  bread.  If  kept  in  a  cool  place 
it  will  keep  two  or  three  weeks  in  summer  and 
double  the  time  in  winter. 


Cookies. — One  teacupful  of  butter,  one  of 
thick  cream,  two  of  sugar,  one  coffee-cup  of 
milk,  one  teaspoonful  of  soda,  two  of  cream  of 
tartar,  half  a  nutmeg,  and  flour  to  knead  soft. 
Bake  in  a  quick  oven. 

Butter  Sponge  Cake. — One  cup  butter,  two 
cups  sugar,  one  and  one-half  cups  flour,  six 
eggs,  one  teaspoonful  of  soda.  Dissolve  the 
soda  in  a  tablespoonf ul  of  milk ;  nib  the  cream 
of  tartar  evenly  in  the  flour. 

Cocoantjt  Jumbles. — One  pound  of  butter, 
three-quarters  of  a  pound  of  sugar,  three  eggs, 
one  pound  of  flour;  add  by  degrees  a  grated 
cocoanut,  so  as  to  form  a  stiff  dough.  Bake  in 
a  quick  oven. 

The  following  short  rules  for  the  care  of  fur- 
niture are  from  an  article  in  the  Technologist: 
"Keep  water  away  from  everything  porous,  al- 
cohol from  varnish,  and  acids  from  marble." 

Lemon  Cake. — Three  cups  sugar,  one  cup 
butter,  one  cup  milk,  five  eggs,  one  teaspoonful 
of  soda,  four  cups  flour;  peel  and  then  grate 
three  lemons,  with  very  little  of  the  rind. 

Bab  soap  should  be  cut  into  pieces  of  a  con- 
venient size,  and  laid  where  it  will  become  dry. 
It  is  well  to  keep  it  several  weeks  before  using 
it,  as  it  melts  fast  when  it  is  new. 


Ceeam  foe  Coffee. — Beat  one  egg,  sweeten 
with  one  spoonful  of  sugar,  pour  on  to  this  one 
pint  of  water.  Make  over  night  for  use  in  the 
morning. 

Graham  Biscuit. — One  pint  of  sour  milk, 
one  large  teaspoonful  of  soda,  salt,  stir  very 
thick,  and  bake  on  a  griddle.     They  are   deli- 


How  to  Pkeseeve  Soap  Grease. — Fill  a  cask 
half  full  of  good  strong  lye  and  drop  all  refuse 
grease  therein.  Stir  up  the  mixture  once  a 
week. 


The  Useful  and  Beautiful. 

There  are  really  two  ways  to  do  a  thing  well. 
The  one  studies  utility  and  economy  without 
any  regard  to  how  it  will  look.  The  other  in- 
cludes both,  and  in  addition,  the  doer  is  often 
influenced  by  taste,  giving  the  preference  ever 
to  that  way  of  doing  a  thing,  which  shall  most 
directly  promote  the  beautiful  in  union  with 
the  useful.  Taste  displays  itself  in  the  selec- 
tion of  the  site  for  building,  the  plan  and  style 
of  architecture,  planting  trees,  making  fences, 
laying  out  grounds,  the  color  of  buildings,  etc. 
Some  in  these  display  taste ;  others  seem  to 
show  an  utter  want  of,  or  disregard  of  it,  every- 
thing seeming  to  be  done  with  reference  only 
to  the  most  short-sighted  utility. 

Attention  to  matters  of  the  kind  mentioned, 
would  soon  produce  a  favorable  change  in  all 
our  rural  regions.  Much  has  indeed  been 
already  done,  toward  the  bringing  about  of  this 
desirable  change,  but  much  more  can  be  done. 
What  we  would  say  then  is, — let  every  farmer 
study  to  make  his  home  as  beautiful  and  attract- 
ive, as  his  farm  is  useful  and  productive. 

Changing  the  Coloes  of  Flowees. — The 
Mirror  of  Science  says  that  a  case  is  known  of 
a  yellow  primrose  which,  when  planted  in  a 
rich  soil,  had  the  flowers  changed  to  a  brilliant 
purple.  It  also  says  that  charcoal  adds  great 
brilliancy  to  the  colors  of  dahlias,  roses  and 
petunias;  carbonate  of  soda  reddens  pink  hya- 
cinths, and  phosphate  of  soda  changes  the  col 
ors  of  many  plants. 


CRAIG-    &    BREYOORT'S 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 

IPTJMPS,    -See. 


NO.    1. 

The  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  in- 
tended to  be  attacked  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  bringing  it  within  the  class  of  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  its  wort  in  the  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  is  con- 
ducted to  the  condenser,  on  its  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  pump,  and  iB  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

The  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  Bection  of  the 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

The  flange  D  is  bolted  to  the  suction  orifice  of  the 
pump,  and  the  flange  S  to  the  pipe  leading  to  the  well., 
or  whatever  source  of  supply  the  pump  may  have;  W  is 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  the  suction  pipe,  S,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  free  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  the  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valve  to  enlarge  or  contract  the  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenser  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  The  pipe  P,  it  will  be  observed,  also  acts  as 
guide  to  float  P. 

The  valve,  C,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1) ,  which  is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  screwed  stem — shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2—  is  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
the  capacity  of  the  pump  to  which  it  is  attached. 


^wwm> y 

— — ^ffr^rflT^ '''   TO  '" 
NO.   2. 

The  exhauBt  pipe  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhuust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  side  of  the  steam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  time  it  iB  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhaust  pipe 
into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  the  steam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  done  the 
pump  is  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


m 


MOLDINGr,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  Railboad,  Cab,  and  Aqbi- 

CULTUBAL  SBOPS,  Etc.,  Etc. 

Superior  to  any  in  use 

J.   A.   FAY  &   CO., 

14v24-6m  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped    Diamond   Carbon-Points. 

Xiy.l        <Fiy.2  Fig.  3  lig.d 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery- Wheel b,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  "Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  T. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y. 

MICR09COPE8. 

Dlustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Mag-ic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   tree. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly 


May  ii,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


299 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
8TATI8TJOIA  W. 

Report*  and  (ultimate*  mad"  alK.nl  all  dopartmrnt.  ot 
Production,  Commurce,  and  AUnu/aciurf,  of  the  Pacirio 
Coa.1.  Srtt-i  I 

E.  J.  FRASER.  M.  D., 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician. 
No.  1OT  Stockton  Btr-n Ban  Francisco,  Cal. 

■riT"  Surgical    cages  from  the  country    received  and 
tri-aUil  ivt  the  Homeopathic  Hospital. 
AH  let  tern  answered  promptly. 


6ILXB  a.  GK*r. 


JiMSB    M.    UittH, 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

VnOKNK  VS  ,\\  D  (  (H  VSKLOH8  AT  LAW, 

ID  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.  N.  B.  corner  Calt- 

'ornlaann  LcldesdorrTatrects, 

SAK    KKAKOICO. 


Spectacles    My    Specialty. 

C.  MULLF.R,  OpMclan, 
206  Montgomery  street,  ltuwii  Block. 

JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429  Montgomery   Street, 

S.  W,  corner  Sacramento. 

Surveying  ImtrumciUn  ina'ie.   rupalrcdaiid  ad) anted 

.'JM7-.1m 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood   Turner,  and 

SCROLL    fc^WYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Strict San  Fiusclscu. 

And  No.  0  Q  St.,  hut.  First  and  Second, 

21v03-tl  SACBAMt.KTU. 


HYDEAULIC     CHIEF. 


W*.    BARTLI5G. 


IIUMtr    KIMBALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDEES, 

Paper  Kulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

IMH  t  luy    .i  i-.-.-i ,     ..in  n  u  .  ■  r  cor.  6ansomo}, 
I5vl2-3m  8AN  FRANCISCO. 


SAN    FBANCISCO 

COEDAfl  E_C  OMPANY. 

Manila  Ropo  of  all  bIzoh.     Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  coiiHtuntly  on  hand.    Turret.  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  k  CO.,  Agents, 

36  611  and  fll8  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

'213  Mission  street,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kind*  of  Millwright  Work, 
eriniciully  to  tlio  erectiou  of  FLOUR  MILLS,  DISTIL- 
LERIES, etc.    Also.  Cogging  Mill  and  Steamship  "Wheels. 

Manufacturers  of  Nush's  Cutta  Grain  Separators.  Build- 
ers of  Improved  Hydraulic  Wine  Presses,  Grape  Steramera 
and  ('rushers,  etc.  15v23-6in 


J.  F.  PAGES; 

SEA.L      EIVGRj^-VER, 
AND  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Brans  and  SLcel  Stamps  and  Dies,  COS  Sacramento  street. 
Ban  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 


BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street.  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


FISHER'S 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 

IS  TUB 

OhMgHttl   and    Best 

Hydraulic  Machluu 
In  use. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOB— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FBANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum   Pipe   Manufacturer, 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OEDEE, 

to    throw    from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

STREA  M. 


The  only  reliable  party  in  tho  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
■ivji-tf  Address  V.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE- 1  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  againRt  making,  buy- 
ing, eu.llug  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  luunufiu-tuml  ami  sold  by  R.  R.  k 
md  Richard  HoakJn,  as  the  nmo  is  id  Infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine-  known,  an  FISH- 
EB'8  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,223,  dated  Deo.  20,  1870.    All  parties  participating 

in  Mi.  h  infringements,  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  1:1th.  F.  h.  fisher. 


FERRIS     &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hammers,   Forge  Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.     Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


No.    »41     KEARNY    STREET, 

Between  BuBh  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  tho  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silveb.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEIN  WAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agra ffe  Pianos, 
GRAND,   SSUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 


Pianos  to  Let-  Sytftt 

A.    HEYHLAN, 

1 1  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacbamento. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
1&~  Send  lor  Circulars.  13v24-3m 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST   PREMIUM 
American  Institute,  1867  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE   MANUFACTURER 

Hardick's    Patent    DonWe-AotiDg 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine.  | 

PATENTED    IN      ENGLAND,    BELGIUM     AND 
FRANCE.      SEND  FOB   OLRCULAK. 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 

MANTTFACTUEEns    OF 

U.     S.     STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 
IVORY    RULES. 


ALSO   EXCLUSIVE    MANUFACTURERS   OF 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  the 'Combination  Role,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  the  very  beBt  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood, 
heavily  bound  wilh  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

The  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  ho  tested  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  the  aid  of  a  smaU  screw-driver,  but 
this  iB  seldom  required. 

In  its  application  as  a  Slope  Level  it  is  especially 
adapted  lor  Miners'  use,  as  it  shows  the  pitch  to  the 
foot,  and  degree  of  inclination  at  once.  It  is  six 
inches  long  when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-eighths  inches  thick,  the  cut  being  just  one- 
fourth  size. 

"  By  the  use  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  can  always  have  in  his  pocket 
tho  most  valuable  of  his  apparatus  used  in  construction, 
combined  in  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form." — Sci- 
entific  American, 

Prico  bo  mail,  prepaid,  $4,  For  agents"  terms,  address 
STEPHENS    k    CO., 

18v24-3m  Riverton,  Conn. 


California  File  Manuf 'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco, 

Manufacturers  of  New  Piles. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
REAPER  AND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 

AND  KNIVES  OOMPLETE, 
at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


MILL      STONES. 


Portable  Mills,  Eureka  Smut  Machines, 
Bran  Dusters,  Dufonr  &  Co.'s  Celebrated  Dutch  Anchor 
Bolting  Cloths  and  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

TRAVIS    &    WACNER, 
18v24-3m  41  First  street,  San  Francisco. 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Die*, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.        19v23-3m 


The   Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     TJSEI 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
8ST  Send  for  Circular.  13v24-3m 


RICHARD   H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 

City    and    County    Surveyor, 

Office— Room  10,  City  Hall.  Ilv24-3m 


Hydraulic    Miners,      Attention 


If  you  wish  to  keep  up  with  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR.  These  are  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Patent,  and  infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  size  to  suit.  Are  in  ubo  under 
all  pressures,  from  445  feet  down. 

WILL  DISCHARGE  FULLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  WATER  than  any  other,  under  the 

nine  i-i.viijuhtiiiu'cs. 

An  injunction  from  tho  C.  S.  District  Court  is  now  In 
force  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  iulng 
the  name  will  be  duly  prosecuted. 

I  fully  guarantee  my  customers  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  k  CORY,  Marysville;  J.  H.  NAHH.Pla- 
corvilJo,  F.  SMITH,  at  Locke  k  Montague's  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Sole  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,  under  Allonwood'a, 
Maucy's,  Rice's,  Craig's,  and  Hoskin's  Patents. 
16v24tf 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.   314    CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manuf  acturera  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MUVnVG, 

And    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  1b  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  Buperior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three     Gtoia    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for   the   superiority   of   onr 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  out 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  debt  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
der can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBURG,   PA., 

Solo  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $30,  $50,  $75,   and  $110.     DIAMOND  TURN- 
ING TOOLS,  $15  each. 


SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From   40   cents   to   $113   each. 

Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

13v2J-tf 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY 

118  Front  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,   Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

.Buckets. 

12v«3-3m  J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


WIVE.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING    "WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

san  francisco. 
locomotive;,  car, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 

of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  Bhortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  510  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v24-3m 

*3-  BUr  BARBER'S   BIT   BRACE.  "«« 


300 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  ii,  1872. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Scien- 
tific Pbebs  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
HAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  ASSESSMENT  DELINQUENT.      OF  BALE. 

Alleghany  Consolidated,  Cal.  Ap.  20,  25c.June  3-June  24* 
Balto.M. Co., Storey  Co.,Nev., Ap'l  30, $1. June  5— June  28 
Buckeye  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  23,$1.25.... April  26— May  16 
Cons.Vlrginia  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  19,  $3.Apr.  24— May  18 
Crown  Point  B.  8.  M.  Co.,  May  3, $5... June  20— July  20 
Daney  M.  Co.,  Lyon  Co.,  April  3,  $1.50. .  .May  9— May  27 

Eagle  Quicksilver ,  May  8,  ?40 July  11— July  15* 

Francis  M.  Co,,  Cal.,  April  6,  $1 May  14— June  4* 

Gen.  Lee  S.  M.  Co.,  W.  Pine,  Ap'l  27,10c.  .June  11— July  2 
Golden  Chariot,  Idaho  T.,  April  12,  SI. 50. May  22-June  18 
Grand  Duke  M.  Co.,  U.T.,  Mar. 5,  25c. April  16— May  15 
Huhn&Hunt  S.M.Co.,Nev.,Mar.20,25c.  ,Apr.29--May  27 

Ingomar  S.  M.  Co.,  Ely,  April  2,  25c May  8— May  31* 

Imperiatrice Eugenie,  Cal.,  April  26,  25o.  June 2 — June  17 

Jackson  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  3,  25c May  6— May  25 

Julia  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  $5. May  25— June  15 

Kinuaid  Flat,  Cal.,  April  23,  S3 May  27— June  17* 

Knickerbocker,  M.Co.Nev.,  Mar. 23,  50c.Apr.27— May  17 
Lemon  M.  and  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Apr  1,  SI  .May  7-June  12 
Lord  Byron  G.&S.M.Co.,  Nev. , Apr.  29,25c.  June  3-June  22 

Louise  M.  Co.,  Nevada,  April  6,  10c May  14 -June  10 

Lyons  &  Wheeler  Co.,  A.  T.,  April  6, 10c. May  15-June  3* 
Magnolia  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  25c. May  25 — June  20 

MinaKicaM.Co.,  May  8,  20c June  10— July  1* 

Mt.  Jefferson  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Apr.  3,  30c...  May6— May  22* 
Nevada  L.  &  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  March  28,  4c. May  2,  May  24* 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  17,  $5 May  22— June  13 

Overman  S.  M.  Co,  Gold  Hill,  Mar.  18,  $4. Apr.13  —May  13 
Pacific  Borax  Co,,  Nevada,  May  4,  20c...  June  6 — June  29 

Page  fcPanaca,  Nev.  April  12,50c May  20— June  15 

Peter  Walter  M.  Co.  Placer  Co.  Mar.  11,  $l.Apr.l8— May  G 

PhcenixS.  M.,  Nev.,  Mar.  19,  75c April  24— May  15 

Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  April  16,  40c. .  .May  20— June  19* 
Pride  of  Mt.M.Co.  Nev.,  May  7,  25c...  June  17— July  10 
Rising  Star  S.  M.  Co  ,  Idaho,  Ap'l  27,  $1 .  .June  I— June  29 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cal.,  Jan.  19,  §l.Feb.  29— Mar.  29 

Siempre  Viva  Co.,  Mex.,Mar.  25,  30c May  2 — May  20* 

8.  Gold  Hill  M.  Co.,  Nev..  Apr  1,  $2.50..  May  6— May  27 
S.  F.  M.  Co.,  UtahTer.,  Aprill3,  25c  ..May  16— JuoeB* 
Silver  Sprout  M.  Co.,  Cal. .April  29,  50c  June  1 — June  22* 
Silver  Wave,  W.  P.,  Nev.  Apr.  10,  50c.  May  14— June  13* 
Spring  Mt.  Tunnel  Co. .April  11, 15c  .  .May  20— June  10* 
Succor  M.  k  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  Mar.  20,  $2.  .April  23— May  15 

Sumner,  Kern  Co.,  April  11,  $10 May  22 — June  21 

TallulahM.  Co.,  Nov.,  April  5,  $1.50 May  7— June  4 

Tecumseh  G.S  &C.M.Co.Cal.Mar.20,$3.Apr.  23— May  14* 
Tecumseh  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  24,  $5. . .  May  29— June  17* 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal..  April  11,  $1 May  13— June  3* 

Washington  M.  Co.,  May  8,  $3 June  11— June  29* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Adriatic  G.  &  S .  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Alams  G.  k  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  4 

Belcher  S.  M  Co Special  Meeting,  May  24 

Best  k  Belcher  M.Co Meeting  May  13 

CalaveraB  Hydraulic  M.  Co.. . . ; Annual  Meeting,  May  29 

Confidence  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  4 

Consolidated  Virginia .....Special  Meeting,  May  20 

Del  Key  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Empire  M.  k  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Empire  M.  k  M.Co Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Empire  M.  Co. Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Golden  Age  k  Empire  M.  Co . . .  .Annual  Meeting,  May  27 

Gold  Canon  Cons.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  May  31 

Green  G.  &  S.  M.Co Special  Meeting,  Juue  3 

Hale  k  Norcross Special  Meeting,  May  30 

Hartford  G.  k  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  May  28 

Highland  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  4 

Ingomar  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  20 

Imperials.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  June  3 

Kentnck  M,  Co Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Kinston  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  18 

Lyons  k  Wheeler  M.  Co Annual  meeting,  May  13 

Nevada  Land  k  M.Co Annual  meeting,  may  13 

Orients.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

Overmans.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  6 

PeavineS.  M.  Co - Annual  Meeting,  May  13 

RiBingStar  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  20 

Servator  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting.  May  31 

Silver  Sprout  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  3* 

St.  Louis  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  6 

Tecumseh  G.  S.  and  C.  C Special  Meeting,  June  12* 

Wellington  M.  Co.. Annual  Meeting,  June  4 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher  M.  Co.,  $30 Payable  May  10 

Belcher,  $20 Payable  April  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  $40 Payable  May  11 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  CoalM,  Co.l  perct.Payable  Feb.  12 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.50 Payable  April  13 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  &  Ely  M.Co.,  $7 Payable  May  6 

Raymond  &  Ely,  $5 Payable  March  8 

Raymond  k  Ely  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.,  50o Payable  April  10 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co,  50c '.Payable  May  1 

—♦Advertised  in  this  journal. 


Meetings  and  Elections. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Original  Hidden 
Treasure  Mining  Company  was  held  on  the  8th 
inst.,  and  resulted  in  the  election  of  the  follow- 
ing Board:  A.  Hayward,  William  B.  Bourn, 
Robert  Sherwood,  J.  H.  Crocker,  S.  Pinkham, 
3.  E.  de  la  Montagnie  and  W.  Laidlaw,  W.  B. 
Bourn  was  elected  President  and  D.  A.  Jen- 
nings was  continued  as  Secretary. 

The  Adams  Hill  Consolidated  Mining  Com- 
pany held  their  annual  meeting  on  the  6th 
inst.,  when  the  following  Trustees  were  elected: 
G.  T.  Lawton,  J.  B.  Haggin,  O.  F.  Griffin, 
Joseph  Clark  and  J.  H.  H.  "Williams.  "W.  "W. 
Traylor  was  continued  as  Secretary  and  A.  M. 
Ellsworth  as  Superintendent. 

The  Cayuga  Chief  Mining  Company  on  the 
7th  inst.,  elected  the  following  Trustees :  J. 
Nightingale  (President),  E.  L.  Smith,  K.  C. 
Brown,  George  O.  Ecker  and  "W.  E.  Deane. 
William  H.  Watson  was  retained  as  Secretary 
and  Treasurer. 

The  Oneida  Company  have  elected  S.  Stein- 
hart  (President),  A.  H.  Rose,  S.  Heydenfeldt, 
Sr.,  J.  B.  Fargo  and  James  Morgan.  Louis 
Kaplan  was  continued  as  Secretary. 

Trustees  for  the  Pioche  Company  have  been 
elected  as  follows:  J.  D.  Fry,  (President), 
Robert  Sherwood,  A.  K.  P.  Harmon,  C.  N. 
Felton  and  J.  E.  de  la  Montagnie.  Charles  E. 
Elliot  was  chosen  Secretary  and  JohnR.  James, 
Superintendent. 


State  University.— The  nest  term  of  the  Prepara 
tory  Department  will  begin  April  20th,  1872. 

The  course  of  study  embraces  the  Ancient  and  the 
Modern  Languages  and  the  higher  Mathematics,  and  is 
specially  adapted  to  the  University  curriculum. 

Terms,  $12  a  term.  GEORGE  TAIT,  Oakland. 

13v3bp-tf 


Daily   Weather  Record, 

Bi  the  U.  S.  Aemy  Signal  Service,  for  the  Week 
Endihg  "Wednesday,  Mat  8,  1872. 


"J 

1 

*i  1 

i!  l 

It 
I    IS 

3'S 

III 

fefy 

*1 

8  . 

is 

State  of 
Weather. 

^ 

Thu...  i 

29.98  6] 

71  Calm 

Clear 

Pri...  3 

29.97  5! 

SOW. 

< 

a 
a 

Sat...  4 

Sun..  5 

29.91 1< 

78  Oalm 

4-4 

Cloudy 

Mon..  6 

29.87  4* 

70  W. 

'/■/ 

Brisk 

4-1 

Cloudy 

a 

Tu....  7 

29.89  IE 

78 -W. 

t 

Fresh 

Fair 

m 

Wed..  8 

Thu...  2 

M 

Fri....  i 

30.04  5! 

81  S.W. 

t 

Fresh 

Foggy 

Sat....  t 

Sua...  5 

Mon..  6 

30.08  55 

D9  W. 

] 

Light 

4-4 

Cloudy 

cd 

Tu....  7    29.96  56 

08  S.  W. 

IV 

H 

Cloudy 

Wed..  8l 

^ 

Thu...  2 

O 

Fri...  3 

•a 

Sat...   1 

s 

Sun . . s 

30.37  3J 

90S.  E. 

1 

Light 

Fair 

Mon..  6 

30.08  45 

60  N. 

V 

Light 

I-" 

Fair 

i- 

Tu...  1 

29.98  4. 

34  Oalm 

■l-l 

A\> 

Lt.  Rain 

0- 

Wed..  8 

&h' 

Thu..  2|  30.03  36 

55  Calm 

Clear 

Fri....  3 

B 

Sat...  4   29.6G4S 

51  Calm 

1-4 

Fair 

(0 

Sun..  5   29.67  37 

66  Calm 

4-4 

Cloudy 

"hfl 

Mon..  6   29.70  30 

66  S. 

6 

Freeh 

4-4 

Cloudy 

Tu....  7 

> 

Wed..  8| 

Thu..  21  30.37  37 

71  N.W. 

1 

Gen  tits 

Clear 

Fri...  3    30.1439 

S3  N.W. 

3 

Light 

Clear 

s 

Sat . . .  4   29.9J  47 

>2  K. 

8 

1-4 

Fair 

Sun..  5   29.92  49 

71  N.W. 

15 

Fresh 

4-4 

Cloudy 

Mon..  6 

Brisk 

0 

Tu....  7    29.78  48 
Wed..  8| 

77  N.W. 

4 

Gentle 

4-4 

.6 

Threat. 

Thu..  2]  30.34  36 

55  S.  W. 

4 

Gentle 

Clear 

Fri...  3   30.19  44 

30  W. 

;i 

Clear 

g 

Sat...  4   29.99  45 

39  N.W. 

7 

Fresh 

Clear 

Sun..  5 

m" 

Mon..  6   30.00  37 

51  E. 

13 

Fresh 

4-1 

Cloudy 

O 

Tu....  7   29.90  41 
Wed..  8l 

99  S.  E. 

'' 

Fresh 

1-4 

.01 

Foggy 

Thu..  21  30.38134 

52S.W. 

4 

Gentle 

Clear 

Fri..  .  3   30.22  42 

12  S.E. 

6 

Fresh 

Clear 

« 

Sat. ...  4    30.04  52 

35  S. 

6 

Fresh 

4-1 

Dloudy 

0 

Sun..  5 

Motf..  6  30.04  50 

58N.E. 

'1 

Fresh 

4-4 

Cloudy 

Tu....  7   29.93  48 
Wed..  8| 

78  Calm 

4-1 

Cloudy 

Thu..  21  30.27  43 

51  N.W. 

7 

Fresh 

Clear 

Fri...  3    30.00  53 

il  Calm 

31ear 

5 

Sat...  4   29.86  6J 

55  S.E. 

.5 

iSentle 

EEazy 

3 

Sun..  5 

Mon. .  6   29.89  60 

12  S.E. 

ft 

4-1 

\W 

Tu....  7    29.90  57 
Wed..  8| 

94  N.W. 

2 

Light 

4-1 

.&} 

Cloudy 

■-■ 

I'hu  ..  2 

30.19  42 

il  N.W. 

4 

*» 

Fri...  3 

30.03  55 

:7  S.E. 

9 

Fresh 

1-1 

Fair 

Sat...  4 

20.31  46 

54  E. 

4 

Sun..  5 

5 

30.1165 

62S.W 

X 

^ight 

Clear 

Tu....  7 

30.09  63 

1  S. 

1 

Light 

1-1 

Fair 

Wed..  8 

■  06 

-  07 
.     -06 

a  — 09 

}-Ql 
-09 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  A  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street 

FBIOES  FOR  INVOICES 

Jobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  tofi/Uen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quotations.  ■ 

Thursday,  May  9, 1872 

Iron.— 

Scotch  Pig  Iron.^ton $70  00 

White  Pig,  3  ton 52  00    . 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^  lb —  05>fii 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  $  H> —  06 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  05 

Plate,  No.  5to9 —08 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  06^1 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —  0" 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —  0( 

HorseShoes 8  00    @ 

Nail  Rod 11 

Norway  Iron 9 

Rolled  Iron 6 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc        6   @        7 

Copper. — 

Sheathing,!*  lb —  24    @  —  28 

Sheathing,  Yellow"" —  24    @  —  26 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —11    @  —  11^ 

Composition  Nails —  24         — 

Composition  Bolts —  24         — 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  f!  box 12  00 

Platea,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00 

Roofing  Plates 11  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs.  ■$  tt> 

Steel.— English  Cast,  Sft  lb —  16 

Drill 16 

FlatBar 17 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 12)tf 

gtncKsrx,vEH.— "$  lb 
ead.— Pig,  $  lb --06 

Sheet —  08 

Pipe —    9 

Bar 08 

ZiNC.-Sheets,  ®  lb —  10 

Borax.— Refined —  25 

Borax,  crude —   5 


10  50 


-  06'* 

■  a1* 
-10 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  st.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  May  9, 1872. 

Sole  Leather— The  demand  ia  good,  with  an  advance  in 
Eastern  market,  which  mil  probably  soon  be  feit  here. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  $J  lb 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  «J  &..-. 26@29 

Country  Leather,  3ft  lb 25©28 

Stockton  Leather,  ^  ft 26®29 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,  8  Kil.,  per  doz $60  U0@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kilv  per  doz 72  00@  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ty  doz. 60  00@  76  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  18  Kil  ,^  doz  75  00@  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  00(3  70  00 

Cornellian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz 60  00@  63  00 

Ogerau  Calf,  ®  doz 54  00® 

Simon,  IB  Kil., &  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  &  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  &  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kipa,  %1  lb 1  10®    1  30 

California  Kip,  Si  doz 60  00  to  SO  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  34  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  ^  ft 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  $  doz 9  00®  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,?!  doz 5  50®  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Beat  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ^pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ^  pair 4,50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Less, $  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  $  lb 30®    37M 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  $  doz 48  00©  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  $1  ft 34®    37M 

Welt  Leather,  jft  doz , 30  00@  50  Oft 

Buff  Leather,  <§  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ©  foot 18®       20 


RICHARD  H.  BTJEL,  Consulting  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  "Yoik. 
Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilitiea for 
testing^  engines,  boilers  andjpther  machinery.    I  refer  par- 


ticularly to  Professor  R.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti 
tute  of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following,  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco : 

SailobM.  Co — Mav  2.  Location:  Virginia 
M.  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,200,000, 
in  44,000  snares.  Trustees — "W.  F.  Myers,  — 
Pritchard,  ~VV.  D.  Townsend,  W.  H.  Sears  and 

E.  B.  Bail. 

Amazon  S.  M.  Co. — May  2.  Location  not 
given.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000 
shares.  Trustees — Win.  H.  Gleeson,  Wm.  H. 
Smith,  George  D.  Boberts,  H.  McPherson  and 
M.  J.  McManeus. 

Nokth  Comstock  G.  and  S.  M.  Co. — -May  2. 
Location:  Eureka  District,  Storey  Co.,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  $200,000,  in  50,000  shares. 
Trustees — G.  A.  Coursan,  E.   J.   Baldwin.   W. 

F.  Meyers,   Bobert  H.   Lindsay   and    Joseph 
Wolf. 

Genesee  M.  Co. — May  2.  Location:  Devil's 
Gate  M.  District,  Lyon  county,  Nevada.  Capi- 
tal stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees— James  A.  Pritchard,  Chauncy  B.  Land, 
John  Gilligg,  C.  W.  Kellogg  and  H.  H.  Flagg. 
Swansea  M.  Co. — May  2.  Location:  Kelsey 
M.  District,  El  Dorado  county.  Capital  stock, 
$3,600,000,  in  36,000  shares.  Trustees— Charles 
E.  Elliott,  Washington  Iyer,  H.  C.  Kibbe,  G. 
L.  Bodley  and  Ira  G.  Hoitt. 

Somekset  M.  Co. — May  2.  Location:  Grass 
Valley  M.  District,  Nevada  county.  Capital 
stock,  $1,200,000,  in  24,000  shares.  Trustees 
— B.  F.  Kroy,  E.  J.  Weeks,  A.  D.  Carpenter, 
J.  M.  Buffington  and  A.  A.  Downer. 

Fkeae  Stone  Co.,  May  2. — Objects:  The 
manufacturing  and  selling  of  stone,  under  the 
Frear  patent.  Capital  stock,  $5,000,000.  Trus- 
tees— N.  W.  Spaulding,  James  Gamble,  A.  N. 
Perine,  L.  A.  Booth,  George  C.  Potter,  C.  F. 
McDerniott,  E.  Tripp,  W.  E.  Miller,  George 
W.  Beaver  and  Egbert  Judson. 

Baked  M.  and  M.  Co.,  May  3. — Location: 
Cherokee  District,  Plumas  Co.,  Cal.  Capital 
stock,  $3,000,000  in  30, 000  shares.  Trustees— 
J.  D.  Fry,  W.  H.  Sears,  Thomas  Nelson,  M.  D. 
Townsend  and  W.  F.  Myers. 

Winnemucca  Chief  S.  M.  Co.,  May  3. — Lo- 
cation: Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $4,000,000  in 
40,000  shares.  Trustees — George  D.  Boberts, 
Alexander  Forbes,  L.  L .  Eobinson,  A.  C.  Peachy 
and  Thomas  J.  Poulterer. 

Midas  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.,  May  3. — Location: 
Devil's  Gate  M.  District,  Storey  and  Lyons 
counties,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $1,600,000, 
in  16,000  shares.  Trustees— E.  C.  Wilcox,  D. 
L.  Hastings,  B.  M.  Black,  J.  G.  Liberty  and 
J.  A.  Pritchard. 

Gold  Hill  Tunnelling  G.  and  S.  M.  Co., 
May  3. — Filed  and  amended  certificate  of  in- 
corporation, by  which  it  avails  itself  of  the  Act 
of  1870,  entitled  "An  Act  relating  to  certificates 
of  incorporation." 

Harper  M.  Co.,  May  4. — Location:  Lincoln 
Co.,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $1,500,000  Trus- 
tees— Bobert  Sherwood,  C.  F.  Hamilton,  S. 
Dixon,  W.  L.  Higgins,  P.  E.  Conner. 

MoNTTOE-BELMOMTM.Co.,May4. — Location: 
Nye  Co.,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $5,000,000. 
Trustees— J.  B.  Haggin,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  H. 
Burton,  J.  Clarke  and  B.  B.  Minor. 

Sapphire  S.  M.  Co.,  May  6. — Location:  Gold 
Hill  District,  Nevada,  and  the  Devil's  Gate 
District.  Capital  stock,  $2,400,000,  in  24,000 
shares.  Trustees — E.  B.  Bail,  A.  J.  Bryant,  E. 
C.  Catherwood,  T.  B.  Lewis  and  George  D. 
Boberts. 

Plymouth  Bock  M.  Co.,  May  6. — Location 
Little  Cottonwood  District,  Salt  Lake  county. 
Utah  Territory.  Capital  stock,  $2,000,000  in 
20,000  shares.  Trustees — Moses  H.  Benjamin, 
John  J.  Marks,  James  L.  King,  A.  J.  Bryant 
and  F.  J.  Tbibault. 

Keystone  S.  M.  Co.,  May  6. — Location :  Gold 
Hill  District.  Capital  stock,  82,500,000,  " 
25,000  shares.  Trustees — J.  B.  Haggin,  Samuel 
B.  Martin,  J.  West  Mailen,  C.  J.  Brenham 
and  B.  B.  Minor. 

Woodvtlle  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.,  May  6. — Lo- 
cation :  Gold  Hill  District.  Capital  stock,  $2,- 
800,000,  in  28,000  shares.  Trustees— James  A. 
Pritchard,  M.  D.  Townsend,  W.  H.  Sears,  W. 
F.  Myer  and  Charles  Juarez. 

Pkovidence  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.,  May  6. — Lo- 
cation: State  of  California.  Capital  stock,  $3,- 
000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— B.  C. 
Whiting,  A.  D.  Hatch,  L.  J.  Lewis,  E.  C.  Fel- 
lows and  E.  O.  Brown.     ' 

The  Cerbat  Cons.  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.,  May 
7. — Location:  Wallapai  District,Mojave  county, 
Arizona.  Capital  stock,  $4,000,000,  in  40,000 
shares.  Trustees — W.  H.  Baymond,  B.  B. 
Gray.  C.  S.  Deering,  W.  H.  Smith  and  Samuel 
L.  Theller. 

Original  Gold  Hill  G.  and  S.  M.  Co., 
May  7. — Location  ;Gold  Hill  M.  District.  Cap- 
ital stock,  $3,000,000  in  30,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees—E.  D.  Boberts.B.  F.  Morrow.C,  B.  Hand, 
James  O'Donuel  and  J.  B.  Overton. 

Bismarck  S.M.  Co.,  May7. — Location:Sac- 
ramento  District,  Humboldt  County,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  $5,000,000,  in  50,000  shares. 
Trustees— D.  L.  McDonald.I.  G.  Messic,  P.  J. 
White,  C.  L.  Place  and  T.  J.  Poulterer. 

North  Comstock  M.  Co.,  May  7. — Location: 
Truckee  District.  Capital  stock,  $2,000,000,  in 
20,000  shares.  Trustees— E.  J.  Baldwin, Bobert 
Harrison  and  G.  A.  Coursen. 

The  Sutro  M.  Co.,   May  8. — Location:  Vir- 
ginia M.   District,  Storey  Co.,  Nevada.     Capi- 
tal stock,  82,400,000,   in  24,000  shares.     " 
tees — S.   Heydenfeldt,  M.    Morgenthau 
Grim,  John  B.  Waters  and  P.  J.  White. 


If  you  want  pictures  or  fine  frames,  cheap,  send  to 
Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co .,  31  Xearny  street,  S.  F.      18r24-3m 


Trus- 
A.  K. 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  International  Exhi 
hibition  of  1862  awarded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold 
Medal  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San 
Francisco. 

REMOVAL. 

This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  ■works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETEKY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  6v24-3amfllamrly 

Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

-AND  — 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  AEMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F- 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  l 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nob.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  H  lb.  caniBters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  hi  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  &  lb.  and  hi 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
SaDta  Cruz,  Cal.,  by  the  L.  S.  k  P.  Co  J  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fubo.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's Improved)  and  Fixed  AMMtrNrriON. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
conBtautly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Niokle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets— Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKXNKER,  Sole  Agent, 

6v24-6m-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


U 


Clear    as    Crystal." 


PEBBLES  ARE  MADE  from  Rock  Crystal  cut 
in  slices  and  ground  convex,  concave  or  periscopic,  for 
Spectacles.  In  Europe  and  in  the  Eastern  States  they 
are  superceding  glass. 

Among  tho  advantages  they  have  over  glass  are,  that 
being  susceptible  of  the  HIGHEST  POLISH,  they  trans- 
mit more  rays  of  light,  nothing  having  more  transpa- 
rency. 

They  are  COOLER  to  the  Eyes— a  very  important  gain. 

They  are  much  harder  than  glass,  and  DO  NOT 
SCRATCH. 

The  best  quality  of  Crystal  is  found  in  Scotland  and 
the  Brazils,  and  is  manufactured  into  lenses  by  the  best 
workmen  in  England  and  France,  for 

Thomas   Houseworth   &    Co., 

OPTICIANS, 

No.  9  Montgomery  street,  Lick  House, 

Where  they  can  be  obtained,  already  fitted,  in  frames, 
or  may  be  fitted  to  order. 
Persons  sending  their  Spectacles  can  have  Pebbles 
inserted  of  the  same  grade  as  their  glasses. 

Illustrated  Circular  for  style  of  frames  sent  to  any  ad- 
dress free. 
JUS*"  Pebbles  sold  as  such  by  us,  are  Warranted. 
15v3awbp3m 


81,000; 


"RTirWAJRIM  For  any  case  of 
Blind,  BleedinR,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
Piles  that  I>e  IBJngr'^  Pile 
Remedy  fails  to  cure.  It  is  pre- 
pared expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothingelse.  Sold  by 
all  Druggists.    Price  S1.00. 

C.  F.  Richards  &  Co.,  Ag«nts,  corner  Clay  and  fiansonio 
streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


May  ii,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


301 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


■    '  timr  iwrwiiy  tit  tmalt  tht  p rr*m(  >,ff    '.li'iim   0/ the 
.Vt'.l.'r  ,,tt>prt*j    -in    Tkl 

fly     IfMrft  U   the   MTf  hitrtt  hoHT  we  can  r«Wr«  ftt^rlitfuteitU. 


Alleghany  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 

Mil}—  Location  of  works.  Alleghany.    Sierra  L'ouul),  I'al. 

noUM  is  hereby  fifttS,  that  at  a  uievtiutf  of  the  Board  of 
J  ru'i  -1  of  Mid  Company,  bold  on  t be  26th  day  of  Apnl. 
hi'.',  an  uM'MDivnt  of  twenty  cents  p«r  ■bare  Waa  levied 
ii|roa  ibe  capital  stock  of  aaid  company,  payable  iiuiue- 
dialely.m  United  States  gold  •■mi  to  thi  8*  leiarj.alhia 
office,  3t  New  Merchant  -'  1-  EOhaDM,  California  street.  Any 
'.kliii'b  said  aaaeinuimtt  aball  remain  unpaid  011  ibi* 
third  day  of  June,  ii',1,  nball  be  deemed  delinquent,  and 
will  be  duly  a<W.-rtiv"d  for  sab',  at  public  auction,  and 
Utiles*  payment  shall  be  mad"  before,  will  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, tin.-  Mtn  1 1  i* v  of  Jnno,  1813,  to  pa/  the  delinquent 
aaaeaament.  together  with  OOltl  of  adverliainit  and  expenses 
of  aale.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustee*. 

.1     M.    in  i  ll.\M'u\,  Secretary. 

Otflcf,    So     37     i  third    door'.  New  Merchant*'  Exchange, 
California  Street,  San  Irauctnco  inalit 


Eagle  Quicksilver  Mining  Company— Lo- 

i  itton  of  wirk>,  Santa  Barbara  County,  California. 

I  hereby  given  chat  at  a  meeting  or  the  Board  of 
i       -  of  said    company.    h«ld    on    the   Htli    da>    ,,1    Mi,, 

Wit,  an  assessment  of  $4"  per  share   was  levied   upon   the 
mioeeOl   said  company.  pftVabln  Lnunediatelj    [q    gold    oOin 
ailed  BlfttM.   to   the  .Secretary  at  his  <j U j <  ■  ■ .  room 
''.  no  9U3  UoDteTomen  itroet.  But  FranoUoOi  California. 

An)  iheru  upon  which  aaid  a*ses>tmi<nt  shall  remain  uq. 
pal...  on  Thursday.  July  lltti.  Ih72,  shall  bu  deemed  delin- 
quent, dnd  will  be  duly  advertised  on  Saturday,  July  13th, 
1571.  (or  nob*  at  public  auction,  and  unlina  nuyment  snail  be 
made  before,  will  be  »old  on  Monday,  the  lAtli  day  of  July, 

lii.'.  to  paj   tit.-  delinquent  tlSMen^NU'llt.   tOgOtbOt    wit! I    costs 

of  advertising  ami  expenses  of  sale.     By  order  of  the  Board 
uf  Trustees.  Wat  ft.  WATSON,  Secretary. 

<  nil.  .--Ituom  5.  No.  302  Montgomery  siren  ,  ban  Francis- 
co California.  ma.ll. 

Francis    Mining    Company— Location    of 

works,  Mariposa  County,  California. 

.Notice  i*  liereby  %i\  en,  i bat  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  Otli  day  of  April, 
loTS,  an  asse-siuent  of  one  dollar  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  Immediate!  J ,  in 
United  States  gob)  and  -liver  coin,  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
company,  40ft  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Oal.  Any 
ntock  upon  which  said  asHeHsiiiei.t  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  iUh  day  of  May,  IB?J,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  ut  public  auction,  and  un- 
•  snn  payment  pIi.iII  bo  made  before,  will  he  sold  on  Tu.-ilnv, 
trie  tth  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  oases-incut, 
together  with  costs  of"  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  ■•.  ORONISE.  Secretary. 

Otllco.  409  California  street,  Sun  Francisco,  Oal. 


Ingomar  Silver  Mining  Company.— Loca- 

tiouof  Works:  Ely  Mining  District,   Lincoln  County, 

Nevada. 

Noti.'k.  — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
OeBcribed  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment  (No.  1)  levied 
on  the  second  day  of  April,  1872,  the  several  amounts 
n*'t  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  Shareholders 
as  follows: 

Names.         No.  Certificate, 

Adams,  LS 18 

Cavallier,  JP,  Trustee 217 

Cavallier,  J  P.  Trustee 2il7 

CavHiiiir, -i  P,  Trustee 938 

Cavttllier,  J  P,  Trustee 339 

Oaveilier,  3  P,  Trustee 245 

Cuvalller,  J  P,  Trustee 247 

C avail ier,  J  P,  Trustee 248 

Caviilli.-r,  J  P,  Trustee 249 

Cavallier.JP,  Trustee 251 

Cavallier,  J  P.  Trustee 26b" 

Cathcart,  A  B,  Trustee 177 

Charles,  H  A,  Trustee 297 

Church,  HC 98 

Church,  HC 99 

Church,  H  C 103 

church,  HO 106 

Church,  H  C 100 

Church,  H  C 108 

Church,  HC Ill 

Church,  HC 112 

Eaton,  w  L 208 

Kent,  RF,  Trustee 300 

Nenl,  Chas  S,   Trustee 9 

Ni-al,   chas  S.  Trustee 10 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 11 

Neal,  Chas  S.  Trustee U 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 2a 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 33 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 34 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 35 

Neal,   ChaB  S,  TniBtee 36 


Neal. 

Neal, 

Neal, 

Neal, 

Nei 

Neal, 

Neal, 

Neal, 


Neal, 

Neal, 

Neal. 

Neal, 

Nei 

Neal, 

Neal, 


Chas  3,  Trustee.. 

ChaB  9,  Trustee 39 

Chas  b.  Trustee 42 

Chas  S,  Trustee 85 

Chas  S,  Trustee 86 

Chas  3,  Trustee 87 

Chas  8,  Trustee 89 

Chas  S,  Trustee 92 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 94 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 131 

Neal,  ChaB  S,  Trustee 133 

Neal,  Chas  S,  TruBtee 136 

Neal,   Chas  a,  Trustee 137 

Neai,   Chas  S,  Trustee 142 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 143 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 149 

Chas  S,  Trustee 150 

Chas  S,  Trustee 151 

Chas  8,  Trustee 152 

Chas  S,  Trustee 154 

Chas  3,  Trustee 156 

Chas  S,  Trustee 172 

Trustee 183 

ChaB  S,  Trustee 186 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 189 

Neal,    Chas  8.  Trustee 192 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 194 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 200 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 209 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 224 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 225 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 226 

Neal,  Chas  9,  Trustee 228 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 229 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 231 

Neal.  Chas  8,  Trustee 232 

Neal,  Chas  3,  Trustee 233 

Neal,   ChaB  8,  Trustee 234 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 235 

Neal,  Chas  3,  Trustee 236 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 250 

Neal,  Chas  3,  Trustee 254 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 257 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 258 

Neal,    ChaB  8,  Trustee 259 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 260 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 261 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 268 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 269 

Neal,   Chas  3,  Trustee 296 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 302 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 329 

Perry,  John,  Jr,  Trustee 175 

Richardson,  E  A,  Trustee 300 

Bleeper,  George,  Trustee 170 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 284 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 285 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 286 

Sides.  B  F,  Trustee 310 

SideB,  B  F,  Trustee 311 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 312 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 314 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 315 


No.  Shares.      Am't. 

200 

$50  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

50 

12  50 

SO 

12  50 

ISO 

12  50 

60 

12  50 

50 

12  50 

60 

12  50 

25 

C  25 

50 

12  50 

500 

125  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

26  00 

100 

25  00 

50 

12  50 

50 

12  50 

60 

12  50 

25 

Ii  25 

250 

02  50 

250 

62  50 

250 

02  50 

100 

25  00 

300 

15  00 

250 

62  50 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

50 

12  50 

25 

6  25 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

20 

5  00 

10 

2  50 

10 

2  50 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

25 

6  25 

100 

25  00 

100 

26  00 

200 

50  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

10 

2  50 

200 

50  00 

200 

50  00 

200 

60  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

200 

60  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

50 

12  50 

100 

25  00 

50 

12  50 

60 

12  50 

50 

12  50 

50 

12  50 

60 

12  50 

25 

6  25 

300 

75  00 

50 

12  50 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

40 

10  00 

40 

10  00 

40 

10  00 

40 

10  OC 

10 

2  50 

Side*.  B  F,  Trustee 316  10  2  50 

Side*,  B  F.  TvuBftee 318  10  2  50 

Side*.  B  F.  Trustee 319  10  2  50 

Side*,  B  P,  Trustee 320  In  1  50 

Btdl  -,  B  P,  TTOatM 321  111  2  50 

aide*,  B  l  .  Trustee 829  10  2  Bo 

Sides,  B  P,  Triihb. 323  lu  2  Ml 

Side**.  B  1",  Trustee 834  10  9  60 

Bides,  B  P,  Trustee 339  OS 

trustee....  :i5  8  70 

Sloan.  II  U 118  50  12  .'si 

Sloan,  1111 123  20  6  00 

Sloan,  HH 124  90  C  00 

Blotn,  nil 138  90  fi  00 

Sloan,  HH 127  20  5  00 

Tibbey.  E  s.  Trustee 238  25  6  25 

i "iii.  r,  .i  Clem,  Trustee 200  out)  126  oo 

'  I.  in,  Trustee 982  600  125110 

1  !;■;..!  oiem,  Trustee 203  GOO  130  00 

llil.r,.l   Chin,  Trustee 204  llK)  26   00 

i  hi.T.  J  Olem,  Trustee 32:.  loo  25  00 

Wlederhold,  G 68  100  25  00 

Wied.rbold,  C 64  50  12  60 

Wlederhold,  C Be  25              6  2fi 

Wlederhold,  0 w  10               2  50 

And  in  acconlamu  with    law,  and   an  order  of  the 

BoeM  oi  Trusteee,  sasde  on  the  Beeond  day  of  April, 

1872,  SO  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
try,  will  Ik-  snld  at  public    auction  at  the  office 

ox  the  Company,  Boom  21,  liny  ward's  Building,  419  Cuii- 

fomia  street,  on  Friday,  the thirty-Urst  day  of  May,  1872, 
ut  the  hour  of  one  o'clock,  P,  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said 
delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  salo. 

CHAS.  8.  NEAL.  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  No  2.  Hayward's  Building,  4iy  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California. 


Kincaid  Flat  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works.  Tuolumne  County,  State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  23d  dayof  April,  18i2, 
an  assessment  of  Three  Dollars  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  puyablu  i  111  mediately,  in 
United  States  g"ld  and  silver  coin,  to  the  3eoretary,  at  his 
office,  No.  24)  Clay  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  tbe 
2ttb  day  of  May.  1ST'.'.  .Ii.ill  bo  deemed  delinquent,  and  will 
bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless 
payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  tbo 
17th  day  of  June.  IH72,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  co-ts  of  advert' mug  and  expenses  of  sale.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

It.  II    CORNELL,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  220  Clay  street.  San  Francisco,  Cal.    ap27-4w 


Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Maynard  Mining  District,  Mohave 
County,  Arizona  Territory- 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  jit  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  tith  day  of  April,  1872, 
an  assessment  of  Ten  rent*  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
Capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  oltlce  of  the 
company,  Room  3,  No.  -HU  California  street,  San  Francisco. 
Calilomia.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  the  <5thduyof  May,  1ST 2, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  :ii  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  "W.  COLBURN,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
California.  aplU 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company — Location  of 

works,  Auburn  District,  Placer   county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice  is  horoby  given,  that  ata  meeting  of  the  Trustees 
of  said  company,  held  on  the  8tb  day  of  May.  1872,  an  assess- 
ment of  20  cents  pershare  was  levied  upon  the  capital  *tock 
of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  United  States 
gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  company, at  the 
office  of  the  company.  No.  321)  California  street,  room  No. 
5,  San  Francisco.  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Monday,  the  10th  day  of  Judr,  1872,  shall  be  deem- 
ed delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  payment,  shall  be  made  before,  will 
be  sold  on  Monday  the  first  day  of  July,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  cost  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  the  Bale.  GEO.  R,  SPINNEY,  Secretary, 
mail— It  No. 320  California  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Office  of  the  Silver  Sprout  Mining  Com- 

E any— San  Francisco,  April  29,  1872. 
n  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Silver  Sprout  Mining  Com- 
pany, held  this  day,  a  special  meeting  of  the  stockholders 
of  said  company  is  hereby  culled,  the  same  to  be  held  at 
the  office  of  the  company.  No.  318  California  street  (Room 
No.  1,  Beeond  lloor),  San  Francisco,  California,  on  Monday, 
the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  at  1  o'clock  p.m.,  to  take  into 
consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition  to  increase 


shares,  of  the  par  value  of  seven  hundred  dollars  each  (the 
present  capital  stock),  to  five  million  dollars,  divided  into 
fifty  thousand  shares,  of  the  pur  value  of  one  hundred  dol- 
lars each.  NATHANIrL  PAGE,  J 

A.  WINGARD,  ',  Trustees. 

ma4-4t  B.  F.  TUTTLE,  J 


Spring  Mountain  Tunnel  Company. — Lo- 

cation  of  "Works.  Ely  Mining  District,  Pioche,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  11th  day  of  April, 
1872,  an  assessment  of  fifteen  (15)  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretaay, 
at  the  office  of  the  company,  Room  37,  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  St.,  City  and  County  of  San  Francisco,  State  of 
California.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Monday  the  20th  dayof  May,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale,  at 
public  auction,  ana  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday  the  lOtn  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  "By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J.  M.  BUFFINGTON,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  37,  Now  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
Street,  8an  Francisco,  Cal.  ap20-4w 


Stockholders  Notice— Office  of  the  Tecum- 

sob.  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Mining  Company.  San  Fran- 
cisco, May  6th,  1872. 

In  accordance  with  a  Resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper 
Mining  Company,  hold  this  day,  a  special  meeting  of  the 
stockholders  of  said  Company  ishereby  called,  the  same 
to  be  held  at  E.  Magrisch's  Hall,  S.  W.  cor.  of  Kearny  and 
Clay  Sts.,  opposiie  the  Plaza,  San  Francisco,  Oal.,  on  Wed- 
nesday, the  12th  day  of  June  A.  D.  1872,  at  2  o'clock  P.  M., 
to  take  into  consideration  and  docide  upon  the  proposition 
to  increase  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company  from  one 
hundred  fifty-three  thousand  and  five  hundred  dollars, 
divided  Into  eix  hundred  and  fourteen  shares  of  two  hun- 
dred fifty  dollars  each,  the  present  capital  of  the  Com' 
pany,  to  three  millions  of  dollars,  to  ba  divided  into  thirty 
thousand  shares  of  one'hunilred  dollars  each. 
J.  TH.  HELM  KEN,  1 
J.  F.G.  EGGERS,  I        ^vttaiaaa 

JACOB  HAHN.  \       Trustees. 

F.  SCHUMACHER.       J 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company— -Location 

of   works,   Whito   Pine     Mining   District,    White    Pine 

county,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  hold  on  tho  Tenth  (10th) 
day  of  April  a.  d.  187.;,  an  assessment  of  fifty  (50)  cents 
per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately,  in  United  StateB  gold  coin,  to 
the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  said  company.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Tuesday , 
the  fourteenth  day  of  May,  A.  D.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unleBS  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Thursday,  the  Thirteenth  (13)  day  of  June,  A  !>,  1872,  at 
the  office  of  the  company,  at  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  418  California  street,  Ban  Francisco,  Cal.  ap-iw 


Mt.   Jefferson   Milling  and  Mining   Com- 
pany—Location of  works.  Find  Oarote,  Tuolumne 

Bounty,  California. 

Nora  i  .—There  are  dthnqnent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  two  (3) 
levied  on  thi  third  [8]  dayof  April  A.  D.  iwfl,  the  swr- 
ml  amounts  set  onposlfa  the  names  of  the  respective. 

Shan-holders  as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.     No.  Shares.        Am't. 

■  r.  J.  M 63  76  fi'l  50 

Galloway. W.T.Ti  u  50  15  00 

Lewis   L.J.  TniKtee to  100  30  00 

Lewis,  L.  J.T[UStee....n  75  "  22  60 

LewiB,  L.J.  Truster 04  25  7  60 

Lewis,  L.  J .  Trustee  ...b5  US  37  5o 

Martin  A:   Lute 12  200  (WOO 

Huhunlsoii,  E.  A.  Tr. .  .Hi  1380  114  UO 

Richardson,  E.  A.Tr 18  <)QQ  oo  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr.,.19  200  00  00 

Richardson,  E.  a.  Tr...30  200  oo  oo 

Riohardson,  E.  a.  Tr. .  .21  100  ;jo  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr. .  .22  100  so  00 

Richardson,  £.  A.  Tr.    .23  loo  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr. .  .2i  ltiu  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr. .  .25  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr.  ..26  100  30  00 

RichardsOD,  E.  A.  Tr. .  .27  1U0  3U  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr. .  .28  50  13  00 

RlchurdBon,  E.  A.  Tr.  .20  30  9  00 

EUohsrdson,  E.  a.  Tr..  .34  100  30  on 

Richardson,  B.  A.  Tr... 30  100              :i 

Richardson,  B.  A.  Tr... 38  100  w  no 

Richardson,  E.  a.  Tr. .  .4(5  300  oo  00 

Shatturk,  D.  D 55  13150  3945  00 

Bhattuok,  D.  D 62  160  45  00 

Stiles, A. G 9  500  150  00 

Stiles,  A.  G 42  1130  339  00 

Woolsey,  E.W 10  100  30  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  third  day  of  April,  1872, 
so  many  sharos  of  each  parcel  of  Baid  stock  ss  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of 
tho  Company,  on  the  twenty-second  daj  of  May,  1872, 
at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  of  said  day.  to  pay  said 
Fellnquent  As.essmeut  thereon,  together  with  costB  of 
advertising  and  expenBes  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  St.,  Room  No.  2.  mall-2t 


Ophir  Copper,  Silver  and   G.   M.   Com- 
pany.— Location  of  Works,  Ophir,  Placer  County,  Cal. 
Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
ISth  day  of  March,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set  oppo- 
site the  names  of  tho  respective  shareholders  ub  follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.     No.  shares.    Amount. 

Allen,  M  W 336  26  $15  00 

Brown,  Chas.  F 342  73$  4  60 

Bunker,  G  F 341  220  132  00 

Brush,  RG 222  100  60  00 

Brush,  R  G 289  65  30  00 

Brush, RG 230  30  18  00 

Brush, RG 239  50  30  00 

Brush, RG 246  38  22  80 

Brush,  R  G 288  62  37  20 

Brush,  R  G 291  65  39  00 

Bloomer,  Theo.  H 232  80  18  00 

Braudt,  Mrs.  E 315  60  30  00 

Bufford,  HL 315J$  5J*  3  30 

Baum,  ChaB 316  100  60  00 

Brush,  R  G,  Trustee 329  100  60  00 

Brush,  R  G,  Trustee 331  50  30  00 

Everson,  Wallace 338  200  120  00 

Garniss,  Jas.  R 283  100  60  00 

Garniss,  Jas.  R 337  40  24  00 

Hinckley,  Geo.  E 334  50  30  00 

Kip,  Jr.  W  1 337  .500  300  00 

Meado,  C 244  25  15  00 

Purdy,  GW 215  60  30  00 

Quade,  A 2H9  100  60  00 

Reynolds,  WO 210  19  11  40 

Rogers,  Geo  P 324  25  15  40 

Swain,  HO 79  137  82  20 

Swain,  H  0 80  137  82  20 

Swain,  H  C 238  200  120  00 

Swain, HC 245  100  60  00 

Swain,  H  0 294  50  30  00 

Swain,  HO 295  60  30  00 

Swain, HC 296  20  12  00 

Swain,  H  0 303  50  30  00 

Swain,  HC 318  50  30  00 

Swain,  HC 319  50  30  00 

Swain,  H  C 320  50  30  00 

Swain,  H  0 326  50  30  00 

Swain,  H  C 327  f>0  30  00 

Swain,  H  C 340  2fc  1  60 

Swain,  WB 11  6  3  00 

Swain, WB 10  5  3  00 

Stackpole  Thoa 335  25  15  00 

Wightman  James —  400  240  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  18th  day  of  March, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  Bald  stock  as  may 
'  be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the 
office  of  John  Middleton  &  Co.,  No.  310  Montgomery 
Street,  on  the  17th  day  of  May,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  1 
o'clock  p.  m.,  of  Baid  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  Bale. 

R.  G.  BRUSH,  Secretary. 
Office:  N.  E.  Cor.  Sansome  and  Halleck  StreetB.    En- 
trance on  Halleck  Street.  apr27-3w 


San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mining  Com- 

pany.— Location    of   Works,  Little    Cottonwood  Mining 

District,  Utah  Territory. 

Noiice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  mee'ing  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  thirteen th(  13th)  day 
of  April,  a.  d.,  1372,  an  assessment  of  Twenty-five  (25)  cents 
pershare  w.is  levied  upon  the  assessable  stock  of  said  com- 
pany, payable  immediately  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office 
of  tho  company.  Any  stock  npon  which  aaid  assessment 
Bhall  remain  unpaid  on  Thursday,  the  16th  day  of  May,A.  D., 
1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  «nd  will  bo  duly  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  publio  auction,  and  unless paymontshall  be 
made  before,  will  bo  sold  on  Saturday  the  eighth  (8th)  day 
of  June.  A.  i'..  1872,  at  tho  office  of  the  company,  at  the 
hour  of  2  o'clock,  P.  M..  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  salo 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Eecretftrr. 

Office— No.  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Califor- 
nia. ap20-4w 

SAN  FRANCISCO  TUNNEL  AND  MINING  COM- 
PANY-POSTPONEMENT—The  day  for  deeming  stock 
delinquent  on  the  above  assessment  is  hereby  postponed 
until  Tuesday,  May  21st,  A.  D.  1872,  and  the  sale  thereof 
until  Mondav,  the  10th  day  of  June,  A,  D.  1872.  By  order  of 
tho  Board  or  Trustees. 

ma4-3t  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 


Union  Gold   Mining  Company.— Location 

of  works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county,  State  of  Cali- 

fornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  Baid  Company,  held  on  the  11th  day  of 
April,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  ($1.00)  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Com- 
pany, payable  immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin, 
to  the  Hecretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  Room  No. 
22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building,  California  street, 
Sau  FranciBCO,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  he  deemed 
delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  adve"  tiBed  for  sale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  he  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1H72,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  ALFRED  K.  DURBROW  Secretary. 

Office— Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California.        npl&td 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company— 

Location  of  works,  Piermont  Mining  District,Whit*Pine 

County.  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
i  m-ii  r-  of  said  company,  he'd  on  the  sixteenth  (16th)  d  - y 
of  April,  1872.  an  assessment  of  Forty  Con  b  per  shure  was 
levied  Mi",  j  tbo  capital  stock  of  said  company  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  lo  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  company.  Aoy  stock  upon  which  snid 
assessment  shall  p-iiiniu  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  twentieth 
ijuth)  day  nf  May.  1872,  shall  be  doomed  delinquent,  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  for  Bale  at  public  auction,  and  un 
It-as  payment  shall  be  mudt*  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednes- 
day, ib ii  uinuti-ent'i  (IHth)  day  oi  Juno,  18;2,'at  the  hour  ol 
I  o'clock  i'.  M.  at  the  otliue  of  the  company,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent aasfSHuit'iit,  i  f-tlo-i  with  coBtt  of  advortisim; 
and  expenses  of  eale.  Uy  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Offico.  4lfl  California  street,  San  Francisco.  ap'.'7-4w 


Silver  Sprout  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works    and    mine,  Kearsarge  District,  Inyo  County, 

State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  Kiven,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  24th  day  of  April, 
.872,  an  asHOBMiicnt  of  flits  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  uaid  Company,  jmyable  immediately  in 
Coiled  States  gold  coin,  to  the  .Secretary,  at  tho  office  of 
the  Company,  Room  No.  I,  second  lloor,  31S  California  St., 
S.  F..  Any  Block  upon  winch  said  ri«sisnnient  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  firstday  of  June,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  Bale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  mi  l>  ■■-  payment  bIiaII  be  made  before,  will  be  told 
on  Saturday,  the  22  d  dayof  Juno,  1872, to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expen- 
ses of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Ronrd  ol  Trustees. 

ma4-4t  T.  B.   v\  INCARD  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  No.  1,  second  lloor,  No.  J18  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Tecumseh  Gold.  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 
ing Com  pany. —Location  of  works.  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice  is  horeby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Truster's  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  24th  day  of 
April,  1872.  an  assessment  of  Five  ($5.00)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied   ui,ion  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company, 

Euyoble  immediately,  in  United  States  sold  and  silver  coin, 
o  the  Secretary,  F.  J  Herrmann,  ut  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  634  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  29tn  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  publio 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  bu  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Monday,  the  17tn  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent nHsensment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  TrUBteeB, 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 
Office,  B34  Washington  Btreet,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    Office 
hours  from  1 1  a.  m  .  to  2  r.  m.  ma4-4t 


Washington    Mining    Company— Location 

of  works  and  minoB,  Mariposa  County,  State  of  Cal. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  time  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  May, 
187 J,  an  assessment  of  i"i  per  share  was  levied  up  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  and  ailver  coin,  to  tho  Secretary  at  tho  office  of 
the  company,  No.  318  California  Street,  San  FranciBCO. 
k  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  tho  llthdayof  June,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  bo  mude  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  1m  ti  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  delin- 
qnent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  B.  WINGARD,  Secretary. 

Offico— Room  No.  1,  second  lloor  of  No.  318  California 
street,  San  Francisco.  ma.11'4 


j*Votice. 

U.  S.  Patent  Office,  Washington,  D.  C,  April  lGth, 
1872.— On  the  petition  of  Charles  P.  Stanford,  of  San 
Francisco,  Cal: — Praying  for  the  extension  of  a  patent 
granted  to  him  on  the  27th  day  of  July,  1858,  for  an  im- 
provement in  Feeding  Quartz,  etc.,  to  Machines  for 
Crushing  and  Grinding  the  same. 

It  is  ordered  that  the  testimony  in  the  case  bo  closed 
on  the  25th  day  of  June  next,  that  the  time  for  filing 
arguments  and  the  Examiner's  report  be  limited  to  the 
5th  day  of  July  next,  and  that  said  petition  be  heard  on 
the  10th  day  of  July  next. 

Any  person  may  oppose  thi6  extension. 

mll-at  M.  D.  LEGGETT,  Commissioner. 


Hpmp, 

fioapstone 

and 

Rubber 


team  Packing 


THE  G4RDNER  GOVERNORS,  STEAM  AND  WATER 
Gauges,  Tube  Scrapers,  Cylinder  Cups  and  Self-Oilers, 
Boiler  Felt,  Leather  Belting,  Lace  Leather,  Linen  and 
Rubber  Hose,  Belt  Hooks  and  Studs,  Sheet  Packing,  and 
a  general  stock  of  Engineers'  and  Mill  Supplies,  at  the 
Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  of  TREADWELL  5t  CO., 
old  stand,  corner,.  Market  and  Fremont  StreetB,  San 
Francisco.  13v24-eow 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad   Co. , 


OFFICE,  42  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


By  this  invention,  one  man,  with  one  horse  and  five 
cars,  does  the  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horseaand  ten  carts. 


Highly  Approved  by  all  who  Use  Them. 
OARS    AND     TRACKS     FOR    SALE    OR    TO    LET. 
Samples  at  the  office.    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Sale. 

10v24  eowEm 


REMINGTON'S 

BREECH-LOADING 

Sporting,    Hunting,    and   Target    Rifles. 

Same  system  as  the  "  Remington"  Celebrated  Military 
Rifle,  of  which  over  half  a  million  have  been  sold.  Its 
simplicity  unsurpassed.  For  strength  and  durability 
unequalled.  In  accuracy  unrivalled.  In  range,  pene- 
tration, and  ease  of  manipulation,  without  comparison. 

The  "Sportsman's"  Delight,  the  "Hunter's"  Favorite, 
the  "  Target- Shooter's"  Pride.    Also 

REVOLVERS  FOR  HOUSE  USE. 

In  these  days  of  thieves  and  Burglaries,  every  house- 
holder should  have  a  revolver  for  home  protection. 
REMINGTON'S  RIFLE  CANE. 

Every  gentleman  should  have  one  for  protection 
against  dogs  and  rowdies,  and  for  field  use. 

E.  BEMINGrTON  &  SONS, 
19T24-6m  X93  Broadway,  N.  Y, 


302 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  ii,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


ESTABLiISHED    1S31. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

BAN  .FRANCISCO 

111   p.   BAKEDr,  A,  P.  BBATTOH, 

GEO.  W.  POOH,  superintendent. 

Steam.  Engines  and  Boilers, 

'     MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
wriceB,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

»y  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Rpairs. 

N.  E.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  QOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  80DDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MAFUFAOTUEEE3    OF 

8TEAM    ENGINES, 
Quartz*    -Flour    and    Saw   MIIlls, 

fXayea*  Improved   Steam  Pump,  Brodle'a  Im- 
proved     Crusher,      Mining     Pnmpi, 

AiuiilKumators,  and  nil  binds 

of  MiH'hluery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE   T.    PRACY, 
MACH  INE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission  Street, 
.SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM     ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
Printing    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  HoiBt  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HA  W LEY  &  Co. 'a. 

AI.80,  AOTUBER    AND   SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Praoy'8     Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING;  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
iv23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MAHUFAOTUBEB8  Or 

gTEAM  JEHVGI1VES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

Dunbar**  Patent  Self- Ad  lusting  Steam  Plstou 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  At  I  nine  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  IV  and  O  streets* 

Saobakbhto  City 


PACIFIO 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

BAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AMD  — 

Every  "Variety  of  Shafting-, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 
Steamboat    Shafts.  Crunks,    Flston    and    Con- 
necting Sods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 
and  Frames 

HAMMERED      ITtOlV 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

■W-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
?  J MP ANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,will  ceive 
prompt  attention 

r*-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vl43ra 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY    BLOWER. 


MANUFACTURED  AT  THE 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First    Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  Been  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  Brass,  Foun- 
dry,  San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  K.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe> 
rior  construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re. 
quirements  of  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron, 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho r s e-P ower  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 

For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

«*»«  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GUTAKD'S 

INJECTORS. 

.    BAETOL'S 

steam:   TRAP. 
8urfa.ee   Condensers. 
DAVllTsTODDART, 

114  BEA1E  STEEET,  S.  E. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco, 

P.  I.  CUBKY  (late  Fore-man  of  the  "Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 

High  and  Low 


Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the  £. 


CELEBRATED 


SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice, 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing; 

Promptly   Attended 

to. 


the  risdoiv 
Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  of  Jleule  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  EngineB,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  {Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  laces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors; 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MfiAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &  BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  ShoeB  and  Dies.  8v24-3m 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet,  Howard  and  Folsom,  Sab  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

marysvillT  foundry. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Q,uartz  and  Amalgamating-  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  ERONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coaBt. 
6v24-3m  .PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  1S5  First  street,  opposite  Slinnu, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  KiNDSofBra99,Compo8ltlon,Zinc,and  Babbitt  Meta 
Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  and  Steamboat  Bcllsand 
(Jongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
draullc  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
»^-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -ffi* 
J.   H.  WEED*  V.  KING  WELL, 


H.    JT.    BOOTH    At    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  CoastJ. 
Cor.    First    aiicL    Mission.    Sts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax.  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
Far  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  sizo. 

Irrigating    Pumps.     Steam   Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J.BOOTH.  GEO.W.PRESCOTT.  IRVING M.  SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


SS.AJN    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORItS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUFACTURERS   OF   ALL  KINDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts, 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 

THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 


LIGHT  AND  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridget  on,   N.   J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3 -lb.  Can  Press  for  $65;   Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15,  etc.  13v24-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMMUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  ike  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodB  and  stems  lasts  louger,  and  tbo  rint;s  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

32-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


May  ii,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


303 


POWER.   TAINTER  A  CO., 

UAKUFACTFUBS    OF 


WOOD- WORKING  .MACHINERY, 
30WJ  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

PulLAIMtLPHU. 

■W  Woodworth  Planers  •  Specialty.  JrtSJy 

McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

IIOILEK,     MAKERS* 

AND  GK.1EKAL  MACHINISTS, 

!lo*.M  «t.  between  Fremont  end    Besle.  Bsn  Frsnelsro. 


<tl  ,l>\\    IJl.l.'M 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  st  tlio  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
an. 1  110  Bvale  street,  San  Francisco. 

3V24.3U1  WM.  CALDWELL. 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


v  ---■--,_    , 

a         S 

One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bnnk,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
In  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  Eve  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal. 


Varney's   Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

r  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  haa 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows. 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passeB  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  tho  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlerB 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


AGENTS  FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

gledfres,    Hammer*,    Stone    Clatter*',    Blach 

nmlthft'  and  Monte-Shoem*  TooIm. 

13  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
LOvllqr 


BLAKE'S     PATENT    STEAM     PUIYIP. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Soventh  Industrial  Exhibition 
of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMP— This  Pump  yielded  the  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  as 
compared  with  Its  measured  capacity.  The  valves  are  of  brass,  and  well  arranged.  Tho  steam  valves  are  well 
arranged  for  operutiijg  tin.  pumps,  either  last  or  slow. 

We  recommend  that  a  Medal  be  awarded  to  it,  as  THE  BEST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  Silveh  Medal. 
the  first  premium.]  (Signed)  jas.  BPIEU8. 

WM.  H.  BIRCH. 

From  the  Eeport  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial 
Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING  PUMP.— This  Is  an  excellent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty.  We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.    (Slgued  by  the  Committee.) 

O.  W.  DICKIE.  H.  B.  ANQEL,  CHAS.  B.  8TEIOER, 

W.  EPPELSHEIMER,  MELLVILLE  ATWOOD. 

[No  other  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  montion  at  the  LAST 
Mechanics'  Exhibition,  all  other  assertions  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump 
wrb  the  only  Pump,  of  any  kind  whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM 
(highest  award  to  pumps)  at  the  last  Exhibition,  for  which  wu  lire  also  selling  agents. — See 
official  Report  of  the  above  Committee.'} 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  tho  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  committee  of  fivo  of  the  most 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  thi-  coast  (as  above  named),  showed  that  the  Blake  Pump  gave  86  por  cent, 
of  utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  CO  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  In  economy. 

Tli'.  Blakt  Pump  is  the  ONLY  Stenm  Pump  that  EVER  RECEIVED  A  SILVER  MEDAL  at  any  Exhibition  o/  ft< 
Mechanics.'  Institute  ever  held  in  San  Francisco  or  California. 


SHEET     IKON     PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IKON  AND  A8PHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  OAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  Bizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

89*"  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


i 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

PATTERNS     jV1VX>     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry), 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street,  6v23-3m 


\W  A  complete  stock  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of  the  Agents, 

TREADWELL     &    CO., 

12v3-awbp  Market  street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Francisco. 


KNOWLES'   PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

THE     TRUTH! 

A.  L.  FISH,  Agent  Knowles'  Sleam  Pump — Dear  Sir:  In  answer  to  your  inquiries, 
we  state  that  the  highest  award  for  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  or  last  Mechanics' 
Fair  in  San  Francisco,  was  a  First  Premium  and  Diploma,  awarded  to  the  Knowles' 
Patent  Steam  Pump,  as  published  in  the  Official  List  September  23d,  1871. 

A.  S.  HALLIDIE,  President  Board  of  Managers. 

W.  H.  Williams,  Sec'y  Board  of  Managers  Eighth  Industrial  Exhibition,  M.  I. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


E-H!Satl« 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-"VVheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  10  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


WE    BTJTLD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE   LARGEST  STOCK   OF    PUMPS    IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Every  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

3Vo    9  First  t8treet,  San  Francisco,   Cal. 

3v24-eow-bp 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


BLAKE'S     PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  Exni^'tion  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  San  Francisco 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMP.— This  Pump  yielded  the  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  as 
compared  with  its  measured  capacity,  'i  he  valves  are  of  brasB,  and  well  arranged.  The  steam  valves  are  well 
arranged  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  fast  or  slow. 

V?e  recommend  that  a  Medal  he  awarded  to  it,  as  THE  BEST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  Silveb  Medal, 
the  first  premium.]  (Signed)  JAS.    SPIERS, 

WM.    H.    BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial  Exhibition  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING  PUMP.— This  is  an  excellent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty.  We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.     (Signed  by  tho  Committee.) 

G.  W.  DICKIE,  H.  B.  ANGEL,  CHAS.  R.    STEIGER, 

W.  EPPELSHEIMER,  MELVILLE    ATWOOD. 

[No  othor  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST  Mechanics'  Exhi- 
bition, all  oOter  assertions  to  tlte  contrary  notwithstanding.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump  was  the  only  Pump  of  any  kind 
whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM  (highest  award  to  pumps)  at  the  last  Exhibition,  for 
which  we  are  also  selling  ageiate. — *Sce  official  Report  of  Ute  above  Committee.] 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  committee  of  five  of  the  most 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast  (as  above  named) ,  showed  that  the  Bloke  Pump  gave  86  per  cent.  oJ 
utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  60  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in  economy. 

The  Blake  Pump  is  the  ONLY  ~Stmm  Pump  that  EVER  RECEIVED 
A  SILVER  MEDAL  at  any  Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  ever  held 
in  San  Francisco  or  California 

t&r  A  complete  stock  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of  the  Agents, 

TREADWELL    Sd    CO., 
Market  Street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Francisco. 


RODG-ERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  HADE 

On  all  kind,  of  Ores,  and  particular  altenlloi 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  GOODS. 

<TlMm 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

-I»l    Miiiil^inuiTy  St.  U|»  ntulri. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mineral  Waters. 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  an;  purticulai 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer  and  3Meta.lliirfcj-ion? 

CHEMIST, 
IVo.    Oil    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mint! 

San  Fbanoisco,  Cal.  7v31-3m 


J.  TV.   THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

N03.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  ORDERS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  8BOHTEST  NOTICE.  5 v'j  1-  lm  i 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAT   OFFICE 

No.    512    CALIFOBK1A    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisoo. 

J.   A.   MARS,   Aseayer. 

8£7"  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v2C 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

Richardson  &  Oo.  have  been  for  thirty  years  established 
in  Swansea  as  Agents  for  the  preparation,  Sampling,  Assay- 
ing, iiiul  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Gold,  Lead,  Zinc,  and  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  lor  which  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  under  cover,  1,000  feet  of  (juay  Front- 
age within  the  Floating  Dock,  and  the  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  against  Ores  in  anticipation  of  realization,  and  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  17v24-)y 


G.  W.  BTItONG. 


W.  L. STKONG 


C.   W.   STRONG   &  CO., 
Metallurg-ical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,   San  Francisco 


We  pnrchaBe  Ores,  Bullion,  eto.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pio-chased.  22vl8 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS    OF    AND    DEALERS    IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  614  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  hrBt  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast, 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

A6say  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifi- 
ers,  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  CrucihleB,  Hessian  lor  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware-a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bai  s  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

BI  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
fl£»?-  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  In  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  St  00, 


304 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  ii,  1872. 


The    Scientific    Press    is  the 
Oldest  and  Largest  Practi- 
cal Mining  Journal 
in  America. 

Established  in  1860,  this  weekly  has  steadily 
advanced  in  size,  ability  and  interest.  Its  chief 
editors  and  publishers  have  had  over  fifteen 
years  successful  experience  in  conducting  this 
and  other  journals  in  California. 

Its  editorials  are  carefully  prepared  with  an 
honesty  and  accuracy  that  maintains  its  repu- 
tation as  the  best  authority  on  mining  matters 
in  the  country. 

It  is  published  in  the  best  location  in  the 
world  for  furnishing  the  largest  amount  of 
valuable  information  to  the  gold  and  silver 
miners  and  metallurgists  everywhere. 

Its  correspondents  and  subscribers  are  to  be 
found  in  nearly  all  the  mining  districts  of 
CALIFORNIA,  NEVADA,  IDAHO,  MON- 
TANA, UTAH,  ARIZONA,  COLORADO,  and 
in  MEXICO  and  other  foreign  countries. 

Over  10,000,000  Dollars! 
Have  doubtless  been  saved  to  the  miners  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  by  reading  this  journal,  each 
issue  of  which  contains  some  two  pages  of 
Mining  St/mmaet  from  the  most  important 
districts  in  the  U.S.;  from  one  to  two  pages 
concerning  New  Incorpobations,  Shabe  Mar- 
ket, Mining  Correspondence,  Communica- 
tions, etc.,  and  from  two  to  three  pages  of 
Editorials  (with  illustrations)  of  New  Ma- 
chinery, New  Discoveries,  Processes,  and 
operations  in  Mining,  Milling,  Roasting  of 
Ores,  Assaying,  etc. 

One  feature  of  our  journal  consists  in  pre- 
senting in  each  issue  a  POPULAR  VARIETY 
of  highly  interesting  matter,  useful  and  in- 
structive for  all  intelligent  readers,  systemati- 
cally arranged  in  departments  under  headings 
entitled  Mechanical  Progress;  Scientific  Pro- 
gress; Mechanical  Hints;  Home  Industry;  New 
Discoveries;  Good  Health;  Domestic  Economy, 
etc.,  rendering  its  reading  pleasant  and  profit- 
able at  the  Office,  Shop  and  Fireside. 

Yearly  subscription  $4  per  annum.     Single 
copies  10  cents.    Pour  sample  copies  (of  recent 
dates)  furnished  for  25  cents.    List  of  California 
mining  books  sent  free.     DEWEY  &  CO., 
Publishers,  Patent  Agents  and  Engravers,  No. 

338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


Scientific  Press 


The  principal  Agency  on  this  side  of  the  continent. 
Established  in  I860.  Inventors  can  rely  upon  the 
surety  and  dispatch  of  all  important  and  confidential 
business  intrusted  in  our  hands.  Long  familiarity  with 
Mining,  Farming,  and  all  other  classes  of  inventions  on 
this  coast,  enables  us  to  give  the  most  intelligent  ad- 
vice to  Pacific  Coast  Inventors  of  any  Agency  in  the 
Onion,  and  oftentimes  save  unnecessary  delay  and  ex- 
pense. Every  branch  of  the  patent  soliciting  business 
attended  to.  All  wobtht  inventions  patented  by  us 
will  be  liberally  noticed,  free,  at  the  most  desirable 
time  for  the  patentee,  in  both  the  Scientific  Press  and 
the  Pacific  Bubal  Press. 

Send  for  our  52-page  illustrated  Patent  Circular, 
mailed  free  on  receipt  of  stamp.  Also  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Law  of  1870. 

DEWEY    «&    CO., 

No.  338  Montgomery   at.,    S.   E.   cor.    California   st., 
diagonally  across  from  Welle,  Fargo  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

ACTIVE  MEN ! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  h  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers of  the  SCIENTIFIC  PRESS  and  the  PACIFIC  RU- 
RAL PRESS,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E.,  £■ 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Oonsultice  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSAYER  AND  METALLURGIST,      *£• 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  to 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  —4 

lurgistB*  Companion."    (The  very  Comprehensive  B> 

Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  = 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "  Prospector's  Wee  Pet  3. 

Assaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  ■■•■ 

Purchasers  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


THE  GARDNER  MTOMITICJIFETY-STOP  GOVERNOR. 

These  Governors  have  now  been  sold  in  this  market  for  several  years,  and  wherever  once  introduced  and  made 
known,  are  invariably  sought  after.  They  are  in  the  Eastern  States  fast  displacing  all  other  Steam  Governors,  and 
are  regarded  as  tiieperfect  regulator.  They  are  manufactured  by  Messrs.  Gorchur  &  Robertson,  practical  engineers, 
who  have  given  many  years  time  exclusively  to  their  manufacture  and  perfection.  The  manufacturers  say:  After 
an  experience  of  eleven  years  in  the  manufacture  of  the  above  Governor,  during  which  time  several  important  im 


provements  have  been  made  and  two 
additional  patents  obtained,  we  feel 
justified  in  recommending  it  to  all 
parties  using  Steam  power,  and  war- 
ranting it  to  be  the  most  perfect  regu- 
lator in  the  market. 

The  Gardner  Governor  is  so  well 
known  that  we  think  it  unnecessary  to 
enter  into  a  detailed  explanation  of  the 
principles  involved,  or  details  in  its 
construction,  merely  givinR  the  lead- 
ing objects  realized  by  this  important 
invention.  The  Governor  combines 
with  the  greatest  simplicity  of  con- 
struction, accurate  regulation  of  speed, 
positive  insurance  against  all  acci- 
dents liable  to  occur  from  slipping 
or  parting  the  Governor  or  driving 
belts,  and  a  convenient  arrangement 
for  adjusting  the  speed  of  the  En- 
gine while  ln  motion,  without  change 
of  pullieB. 

The  construction  of  the  Governor  is 
extremely  simple,  having  no  springs, 
inside  joints,  swivels,  or  parts  liable 
to  disarrangement,  all  the  several  parts 
are  duplicates  of  etich  other  in  the  same 
series;  the  most  skillful  workmen  are 
ni ployed,  the  best  material  used  and 
the   machinery   employed   especially 


adapted  to  their  manufacture.  The 
valve  is  most  perfectly  balanced, 
and  the  Governor  is  built  with  a  view 
of  securing  the  quickest  and  most  sen- 
sitive action  possibly  attainable  in  a 
steam  regulator.  Thus  with  accurate 
machinery,  and  skilled  labor,  and  de- 
voting our  whole  attention  to  the 
manufacture  of  this  one  article,  we 
are  able  to  produce  a  perfect  and  relia- 
ble Governor  at  a  low  price. 

We  do  not  publish  any  letters  of  rec- 
ommendations, but  can  give  references 
to  upwards  of  5,000  parties  through- 
out the  United  States,  who  are  using 
the  Gardner  Governor. 

We  would  especially  invite  the  atten- 
tion of  steam  Engine  Builders  to  this 
Governor,  feeling  assured  that  they 
can  purchase  for  less  than  they  can 
make  an  inferior  article,  and  thereby 
increase  the  value  and  sales  of  their 
Engines. 

We  respectfully  refer  to  the  follow- 
ing parties  using  the  Gardner  Gov- 
ebnob,  and  can  speak  under  standingly 
of  its  merits:  Oakland  Cotton  Mills, 
the  Selby  Lead  and  Silver  Smelting 
Works,  L.  &  E.  Emanuel,  Vulcan  Iron 
Works,  Fulton  Foundry,  LevisonBros, 


Cal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory,  D.  A.  McDonald  &  Co.,  and  others  in  San  Francisco;  Ophir  Co. ,  Lady 
Bryan, 'and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  Virginia,  Nev.;  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F. 
Chury,  "Albany,  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

BS^WE  WARRANT  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  circumstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  miles  of  San  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  be  returned  to  us 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

05"When  ordering  please  state  whether  Throttle- Valve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Finished 
Governor  is  desired.  ***The  bate  of  speed  fob  Governor  ib  fully  stamped  on  the  revolving  head  of  every 
Governor.    Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Agents    for   Pacific    States,    San    Francisco. 

B^"At  Treadwell  &  Co. 's(late  BERRY  &  PLACE'S)  Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  may  be  found  in  stock  the  above 
Governors,  together  -with  all  sizes  of  HOADLET'S  PORTABLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS,  STURTE- 
VANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS,  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DRETEUS'S  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS,  Etc. 
Also  a  heavy  stock  of  HARDWARE  AND  MINING  TOOLS,  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BOILER  FELT 
(saves  25  per  cent,  of  fuel) ,  SELF  OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kinds) ,  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millmen's  findings.       7v24-tf 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Axe  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
OIA-IVX    POWDER,  A.   3VO.    S    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

BAUTE     BLiSTING,     COAL     MINES, 

AND    EOR    ATT.    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROOK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

Price.    SO  Cents  per    round.. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANST,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


THE    FREAR    STONE    COMPANY 

OP  CALIFORNIA. 

Office,    638    Market    Street. 

OFFICERS: 
James  Gamble,  j       L.  A.  Booth, 

President.       [  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE: 
N.  W.  Spauldtng.  George  0.   Potter,  N.  P,  Pebtne. 

This  Company  will  contract  to  furnish  or  put  up  the 
heaviest,  strongest  and  most  elaborate  and  elegant  Fire- 
proof Stone  Fronts,  of  any  design,  and  every  style  of 
Plain  and  Ornamental  Door  and  Window  Caps,  Key- 
stones, Sills,  "Water  Tables,  Coping  ABhlars,  Plain  and 
Ornamental  Stone  Work  of  every  description.  Fire- 
proof Buildings  and  Bank  Vaults,  Cemetery  Work,  Curb- 
ing Stones,  Fountains,  etc.,  all  at  prices  far  below  native 
cut  stone,  and  equal,  in  all  respects,  as  to  strength  and 
durability. 

Architects  andBuilders,  before  letting  their  contracts 
for  Stone  Work,  are  requested  to  call  at  the  office  of  this 
Company,  and  examine  certificates,  specimens  and  pho- 
tographs of  buildings  already  constructed  of  Frear  Stone 
in  Chicago  and  other  Eastern  cities. 

For  further  information  apply  to  N.  P.  PERINE,  638 
Market  street.  [lMv24-3m 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

W.  E.  L00MIS, 

$4  00 

300 

500 

600 
15  00 

News  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

London  Society 

All  the  Year  Round . . 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THE 

Tear,  Month,  or  Number 

PRICE    REDUCED. 

A  Manual   of   Practical   Assaying. 

By  John  Mitchell,  F.  C.  S. 

THIRD    EDITION. 

Edited  by  William  Cbooees,  F.  R.  S. 

1    vol,,    8    to.,    754    pages,    cloth,    $10. 

D.  VAN  NOSTRAND,  Publisher  and  Importer, 

23   Murray  street,   and  27  Warren  street,  New  York. 

*#*  Sent  free  by  mail  on  receipt  of  prlee. 
mall-2t 


KTJSTEL'S     BOOK 


— ON  THE — 


Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  includ- 
ing the   Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sul- 
phurets,  Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  gen- 
erally, with  120  Lithographic  Diagrams.    1867. 
PRICE  REDUCED  TO  $5.    For  sale,  wholesale  and 

retail,  at  the  office  of  the  ScrENrmo  Presb.  m4-lm 


FRANCIS    SMITH  &   CO., 


Manuffcict-ujrers    ot 


HYDRAULIC    PIPE, 


Artesian  Well  Pipe — All  Sizes. 


Having  the  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  v/e  canjmake  it 
an  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO  CONTRACT  "WITH  US  FOB 

SHEET    IRON    PIPE. 


All  Work  Guaranteed. 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  San  Francisco. 

4v24-eoTv3ml6p 


For 
Steam  Pipes 

Is  Boilers 


HairFelting 


SATES  25  PER  CENT.  OF  FUEL— An  item  worth 
looking  after.  "Also,  Steam  Governors,  Tube  Scrapers, 
Steam  PumpB,  Self-Oilers,  Cylinder  Cups,  Belting, 
Lacing,  HoBe,  Fuse,  Packing,  etc.,  including  all  kinds 
Miners',  Engineers'  and  Millmen's  Supplies,  at  the  Ma- 
chinery and  Supply  Dopot  of  TREADWELL  &  CO.;  old 
stand,  Market  street,  head  of  Front,  San  Francisco. 
13v24eow 


ALL    KINDS    OF 

Office    Desks    and    Book    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  by 

JOHNSON   &   BEST, 

No.  311  Pine  street,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bank, 
18v24-6m  San  Francisco. 


W.  T.  GARRATT  &  CO- 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natonia  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 

Brass,  Zinc-and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

O  A8TIN  GS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVEBX     ABJB  AND     BELLS,     OOMiS. 

FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocka, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

8S~Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GARRATT,  JAMES  HTLtMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 

N.  W.  SPATJLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANmFACTUBEB  OF' 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economl- 
cal  Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MLLLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Frilled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING   AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  ROYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 


COMMENCING 

Monday,   April  29th,    1872. 
And  until  further  notice,   Trains  and  Boats  Will 

LEAVE    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


7  00  AM-    Overland  Express  Train  for   Saoramento, 
..ww  Marysville,   Red   Bluff,  Colfax,   Reno,  Ogden  and 


3  00  R  M*„  San  Jose  Passenger  Train,  stopping  at  all 
*******  Way  Stations. 


4  00  p-  M*    Passenger  Train  for  Stockton,  Merced  and 
i. ww  Sacramento, 


6  30  p  M-    Overland  Emigrant  Train,  Through  Freight 
'"**  and  Accommodation. 


7  30  A-  Mi  Steamer  New  World  (from  Broadway  Wharf) 
i,wV  —Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  Trains  of  California 
Pacific  Railroad. 


4  00  P  M-  Sacramento  Steamer  (from  Broadway 
t.  ww  -Wharf).  Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  trains  of  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad. 

2  00  P-  ^#  Steamer  Antelope,  from  Broadway  Wharf, 
£"""w  connecting  at  Donahue  with  Trains  of  S.  F.  and 
North  Pacific  Railroad. 


O  nfl  A.M.  Excursion  Boat  (Sundays  only)  from  Broad- 
u,"u  way  Wharf,  connecting  with  Special  Train  of  S.  F. 
it  N .  P.  R.  R.  for  Cloverdale  and  intermediate  points,  re- 
turning to  San  Francisco  by  7  v.  M. 


OAKLAND  BRAJTOH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00, 
8  10,  9  2",  1«  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  10, 1  50,3  00,  4  00,515,630,8  0? 
9.20  and  "11  30  p.  m.    (9  20. 11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5  JO,  6  50.  8  00,  9  10,  10  00,  and  11 10  a. 
m.,  12  00, 1  40,  2  50.  3  50,  5  05,  6  20, 7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH— Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  11 15  a.  m.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  0u  p.  m.  (7  20, 11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  "Vale  only). 

Leave  Haywards,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m..  130, 

05  and  5  30  p.  m.  *  Except  Sundays. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. Gen'l  Sapt. 

Important    to   Miners. 

FRET'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  address 
WATERS  «&  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
lCv24-3m 


PLUMBAGO    CRUCIBLES. 

MORGAN'S    CELEBRATED     PLUMBAGO    CRUCI- 
BLES, all  sizes  (except  25  and  SO),  from  No.  1  to  100, 
for  sale  lowto  close  consignment. 
Ilv24-tf         A.  S.  HALLLDIE,  619  Front  street,   S.    F. 


uy  im^wey  a  oo. 

X»ivt«ni     Cstollt'lton*. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAY  18,  1872. 


VOLUME    XXIV. 
3N'\im,»er    20. 


McDonell's  Propeller. 

The  reward  of  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars  offered  by  the  State  of  New  York 
for  the  most  feasible  and  practical  plan  for 
propelling  canal  boats  has  called  forth  a 
large  number  of  improvements,  within 
the  last  year,  upon  the  various  plans  and 
methods  of  propulsion. 

Among  the  numberless  devices  hereto- 
fore suggested  for  accomplishing  this  pur- 
pose, the  ducks-foot  propeller  has  always 
been  a  favorite  one,  for  the  reason  that  it 
is  supposed  by  many  to  embody  all  of  the 
advantages  of  power  and  economy  which 
it  is  possible  to  obtain  in  a  propeller. 

This  opinion  originated 
from  the  fact  that  Nature 
has  supplied  aquatic  fowls 
and  animals  with  this  class 
of  propellers ;  hence  the 
name  ducks-foot  propeller. 

When  a  propeller  is  en- 
tirely submerged  in  water 
and  performs  its  work  by  a 
reciprocating  motion,  it  is 
necessary  to  its  successful 
operation,  that  the  forward 
stroke  should  meet  with  as 
little  resistance  as  possible, 
otherwise  the  effect  of  the 
stroke  in  one  direction,  would  be  counter- 
acted by  the  opposite  stroke,  and  the 
forces  being  equal  the  object  to  be  pro- 
pelled would  remain  stationary.  To  obvi- 
ate this  the  propeller  is  made  so  as  to  open 
and  close  automatically  by  the  resistance 
which  it  encounters  in  being  moved  back 
and  forth  in  the  water;  thus,  the  direct 
stroke  opens  the  buckets  or  wings  so  as  to 
allow  them  to  take  full  hold  upon  the 
water  while  the  return  or  back  stroke 
closes  the  buckets  so  that  they  will  slip 
through  the  water  with  little  resistance. 

The  McDonell  propeller  is  shown  in  the 
accompanying  engravings  and  the  reader 
will  readily  perceive  that  it  accomplishes 
the  object  in  a  very  simple  and  thorough 
manner.  The  stem,  A,  in  Fig.  1,  extends 
through  the  stem  of  the  boat  passing 
through  a  suitable  stuffing  box  to  render 
it  watertight.  At  the  outer  end  of  the  stem 
is  formed  or  fixed  a  large  flat  head  or  end,  G, 
the  enlargement  of  the  stem  being  gradu- 
ally made.  Just  back  of  the  head,  0, 
three  or  more  buckets,  B,  are  hinged  so  as 
to  open  in  an  outward  direction  in  the 
form  of  an  inverted  umbrella;  when  a  di- 
rect backward  stroke  is  made  the  resist- 
ance of  the  water  opens  the  buckets  so 
that  they  take  full  hold  upon  the  water 
the  reverse  stroke  closes  the  buckets  so 
that  they  pass  through  the  water  with  very 
little  resistance.  Fig.  1  shows  the  pro- 
peller at  the  time  of  the  direct  backward 
stroke,  and  Fig.  2  shows  it  when  closed  by 
the  reverse  action. 

This  one  propeller  at  the  stern  would 
only  be  useful  in  driving  the  vessel  for- 
ward, and  in  order  to  be  enabled  to  back 
her  it  would  be  necessary  to  carry  another 
one  at  the  bow  of  the  boat.  This  one  the 
inventor  proposes  to  entirely  conceal  by 
preparing  a  recess  or  cavity  in  the  bow  be- 
low the   water  line  into  which  the  pro- 


peller can  bo  withdrawn  and  protected  by 
a  housing  or  covering  when  not  in  use. 

The  inventor  claims  that  he  provides  a 
much  larger  surface  for  taking  hold  of  the 
water  upon  the  direct  stroke  by  employ- 
ing the  enlarged  head,  C,  while  it  pre- 
vents the  wings  from  entirely  closing  on 
the  return  stroke,  so  that  they  are  ready  to 
open  instantly  as  soon  as  they  meet  the 
slightest  resistance.  This  gives  the  pro- 
peller greater  power  and  consequently  in- 
creases the  speed  of  the  vessel. 

The  inventor  proposes  to  apply  this  pro- 
peller to  canal  boats  especially,  as  he 
claims  that  it  will  produce  no  perceptible 
agitation  of  the  water,  especially  when  it 
is  given  a  downward  slant  while  working. 
He  also  claims  that  it  will  require  less 
power  to  accomplish  equal  results  when 
compared  with   the    ordinary  propelling 


A  proviso  with  regard  to  agricultural 
land  contiguous  to  mining  claims  will  be 
welcome  to  farmers.  This  proviso  pro- 
vides that  when,  in  segregating  mineral 
land,  any  legal  subdivision  of  a  quantity 
of  agricultural  land  less  than  40  acres  re- 
mains, said  fractional  portion  of  agricul- 
tural land  may  be  entered  by  any  duly 
qualified  party  for  homestead  or  pre-emp- 
tion purposes. 

Quartz  claims,  hereafter  located,  either 
by  one  or  more  parties,  cannot  exceed 
1,500  feet  in  length  on  the  vein,  or  more 
than  300  feet  on  the  surface  upon  each 
side,  measuring  from  the  middle  of  the 
vein.     This  restriction,  however,  will  not 


Fif  1. 


MCDONELL'S    PROPELLER    WITH    BUCKETS    EXPANDED. 


devices,  and  consequently  a  saving  of  fuel 
will  be  effected. 

The  inventor  of  this  propeller  is  Mr. 
Thomas  K.  McDonell,  of  this  city,  who  has 
secured  United  States  letters  patent  cov- 


prevent  any  number  of  single  locations 
under  which  patents  may  issue,  to  be  sub 
sequently  consolidated. 
In  the  location  of  placer  claims,    it  is 


SHOWS    THE    BUCKETS    CLOSED. 


ering  his  invention  through  the  Scientific 
Pbess  Patent  Agency.  For  further  par- 
ticulars address  Wiester  &  Co.,  No.  17 
New  Montgomery  street. 

The  New  Mineral  Land  Law. 

We  give  in  another  column  the  new 
mining  law  in  the  form  in  which  it  has 
finally  passed  both  houses  and  received 
the  signature  of  the  President.  This  is  a 
very  important  law  and  will  be  read  and 
studied  with  much  interest  by  all  engaged 
in  active  mining  operations.  The  act  of 
securing  a  patent  to  a  mining  claim  will  be 
greatly  simplified  and  cheapened  under 
the  provisions  of  this  bill.  The  check  in 
land  office  fees  is  very  direct  and  leaves  no 
room  for  evasions  or  undue  exactions. 
The  provision  allowing  testimony  to  be 
taken  before  County  clerks  as  to  the  min- 
eral character  of  land,  recently  secured  by 
Mr.  Sargent,  by  especial  instructions  from 
the  Land  Office,  have  been  embodied  in 
the  new  bill,  and  made  still  more  liberal 
in  its  character. 


provided  that  when  Buch  claims  cannot 
readily  be  made  to  conform  to  legal  sub- 
divisions, the  survey  and  plat  may  be 
made  as  in  unsurveyed  lands. 

The  tunnel  seotion,  giving  the  owners 
of  tunnels  the  right  of  possession  for  all 
veins  or  lodes  discovered  within  300  feet 
of  the  face  of  the  tunnel,  and  750  feet  on 
each  side  thereof,  is  rather  broad.  This 
privilege  was  given  to  the  Sutro  tunnel  as 
an  exceptional  case,  and  is  now  made  uni- 
versal. 

Under  former  laws  it  has  often  occurred 
that  there  would  be  some  drone  who  would 
refuse  to  do  anything  for  the  development 
of  a  mine,  leaving  all  the  risk  to  be  as- 
sumed by  his  co-associates,  while  he  came 
in  and  payed  up  only  in  case  anything 
valuable  was  developed;  in  this  bill  a  pro- 
vision is  inserted  whereby  such  a  person 
can  be  compelled  to  pay  or  forfeit  his  in- 
terest, after  the  reasonable  time  of  one 
year  and  ninety  days  has  elapsed.  The 
bill,  as  a  whole,  may  be  considered  a  very 
acceptable  one;  and  will  no  doubt  do  much 
towards  a  "more  ready  promotion  of  the 
mining  interests  of  the  country  than  has 
been  accomplished  by  any  recent  National 
Legislation. 


Corporate  and  Individual  Mining. 

The  mining  news  from  all  over  the  Coast 
is  extremely  favorable,  and  work  is  being 
energetically  pushed  in  every  locality  with 
good  results.  It  is  a  very  significant  fact 
that  the  mines  which  are  held  by  a  few  in- 
dividuals who  superintend  them  person- 
ally, and  work  them  economically,  with- 
out haste  and  in  a  systematic  manner,  are 
in  a  much  more  prosperous  condition  and 
turn  out  a  larger  amount  of  bullion  pro- 
portionally than  those  which  are  owned 
by  large  corporations,  who  have  expensive 
mills,  superintendents  at  high  salaries  and 
turn  out  their  thousands  of  tons  where 
the  small  mines  turn  out 
their  tens.  They  do  not 
make  so  much  noise  in  the 
world  nor  do  we  hear  of  any 
"irregularities"  of  super- 
intendents and  others  aB 
among  the  heavy  mines. 
The  expenses  are  propor- 
tionally smaller,  and  the 
dividends  larger.  In  fact, 
a  company  of  four,  six  or 
eight  men  can  make  min- 
ing pay  them  handsome 
dividends  where  a  large 
company  will  run  in  debt, 
although  they  may  take  out  an  abundance 
of  ore  and  get  down  in  their  ledge 
rapidly. 

There  are  many  reasons  for  this  which 
will  be  evident  to  every  mining  man. 
Where  a  number  of  people  have  to  pay  the 
bills  and  the  proportion  of  each  is 
small,  thosewho  havecharge  of  the  expend- 
itures easily  fall  into  a  convenient  way  of 
getting  everything  and  anything  that  they 
think  they  want,  and  which  they  would 
otherwise  do  without.  Moreover,  each  of 
these  holders,  when  there  are  many,  are 
not  likely  to  examine  the  books.  In  small 
companies  it  is  a  very  different  thing,  for 
each  man  being  on  the  ground  has  a  per- 
sonal supervision  of  affairs,  and  unless 
things  are  an  absolute  necessity  they  are 
not  bought.  They  can  canvass  the  ques- 
tion among  themselves  and  decide  upon 
the  best  means  of  overcoming  any  obsta- 
cle, and  do  so  without  delay.  If  expendi- 
tures are  made  they  know  where  the 
money  goes,  and  do  not  want  a  large 
commission  paid  them  for  dealing  at  any 
particular  place.  The  mine  is  worked 
slowly  and  systematically,  and  every  lick 
of  work  is  made  to  tell,  while  the  ore  that 
they  get  out  with>  so  much  labor  is  care- 
fully watched  if  crushed  in  a  custom  mill 
till  the  bar  comes  out  and  mill  employe's 
have  no  chance  to  levy  tribute  on  it. 

In  visiting  such  mines  as  these  we  do 
not  see  a  pile  of  passable  ore  lying  on 
the  dumps  because  it  will  not  pay  a  high 
figure,  for  if  such  ore  comes  out  of  the 
mine  it  has  to  pay  its  way,  and  if  it  will 
give  anything  over  milling  charges  and 
hauling  it  is  put  through.  We  know  of 
plenty  of  mines  where  the  owners  live  in 
a  cabin  near  them,  do  a  large  proportion 
of  the  work  themselves,  and  see  that  what 
they  are  not  able  to  do  is  done  properly, 
that  are  making  fortunes  for  their  owners. 
It  would  astonish  some  of  our  "stock  min- 
ers "  to  see  the  way  such  mines  are  man- 
aged, and  their  books,  if  they  kept  any, 
would  surprise  them  still  more.  The  great 
pity  is  that  our  large  mines,  with  their 
millions  of  capital,  do  not  do  as  well  pro- 
portionally as  many  small  ventures  which 
are  the  real  life  of  mining  industry  on 
the  coast. 


306 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  18,  1872. 


Vein  Phenomena.— Concluded. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  A.  J.  Brown.] 
White   Pine  Mineral   System. 

White  Pine  is  but  a  small  section  of 
country,  yet  it  furnishes  a  large  number 
of  distinct  mineral-bearing  formations. 
Overlying  the  granite  on  the  west  side  of 
"White  Pine  Mountain,  not  less  than  3,000 
feet  of  strata  are  exposed,  up  to  and  in- 
eluding  the  Treasure  Hill  dolomite,  all  of 
which  is  penetrated  by  mineral-bearing 
lodes  and  deposits.  Within  that  space 
there  are  at  least  five  distinct  mineral 
zones,  each  furnishing  a  distinct  and  well 
marked  type  of  mineral,  and  each  accom- 
panied by  as  well-marked  a  change  in  the 
lithological  character  of  the  formation. 

The  ore  found  in  the  dolomite  of  Treas- 
ure, Blue,  Silver  and  Bullion  Hills,  is  ex- 
ceedingly simple  in  composition,  being 
mainly  a  pure  chloride  of  silver,  contain- 
ing but  slight  traces  of  either  copper  or 
lead.  This  is  known  as  the  free  metal 
zone  or  belt,  and  in  all  cases  is  found  ac- 
companying the  dolomite.  A  few  hundred 
feet  west  of  this  belt  the  ore  gradually 
changes  its  character;  compounds  of  cop- 
per, lead,  and  sometimes  antimony,  pre- 
dominate. (The  ore  is  mostly  found  in 
vertical  fissures  generally  following  the 
course  of  the  outlying  spurs  of  Treasure 
Hill,  but  sometimes  crossing  them  as  in 
the  Imperial.)  The  limestone  in  this  belt 
is  less  regularly  stratified  than  in  the  free 
belt,  is  often  granular,  sometimes  aren- 
acious.  Its  color,  when  freshly  fractured, 
is  mostly  light  buff.  The  veins  or  depos- 
its instead  of  coursing  north  and  south 
are  generally  east  and  west  vertical  fis- 
sures, often  showing  themselves  for  a  long 
distance  on  the  surface.  They  are  gener- 
rally  very  irregular,  varying  in  thickness 
from  a  line  to  several  feet. 

This  constitutes  the  second  zone,  and  is 
situated  along  the  western  slope  of  Treas- 
ure Hill  and  the  eastern  slope  of  Babylon 
Hill.  The  next  zone  is  usually  known  as 
Carbonate  Hill,  and  extends  from  Poyonix 
Canon  diagonally  across  White  Pine 
Mountain  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Jen- 
nie A.  mine.  Its  whole  length  is  about 
five  miles.  The  formation  resembles  the 
last,  but  is  decidedly  more  arenacious. 
In  the  northern  part  considerable  belts 
have  been  changed  to  quartzite.  The  ore 
found  is  principally  carbonate  of  lead, 
(creusite)  very  poor  in  silver.  In  the 
southern  part  of  the  belt,the  ore  rarely  con- 
tains more  than  $15  per  ton.  In  the  north- 
ern part,  however,  it  sometimes  reaches  $60 
per  ton.  The  deposits  in  and  adjoining 
the  quartzite  contain  considerable  copper 
and  antimony  and  are  quite  rich  in  sil- 
ver. 

West  of  this  there  is  another  intermedi- 
ate zone  situated  in  calcareous  schist.  Its 
minerals  partake  partly  of  the  character  of 
the  last  zone  and  partly  of  the  next  in  or- 
der. Some  parts  of  the  veins  carry  red 
copper  only,  while  in  its  immediate  vicin- 
ity are  found  considerable  masses  of  ar- 
gentiferous galena,  cerusite  and  sulphide 
of  antimony,  sometimes  occurring  separate- 
ly, but  more  generally  intimately  associa- 
ted. The  veins  are  also  intermediate  be- 
tween the  deposits  of  Treasure  Hill,  and 
the  true  veins  further  west;  they  are  fairly 
defined  but  there  are  no  division  lines 
separating  the  quartz  from  the  wall  rocks. 

The  next  zone  is  in  shales,  and  consists 
of  one  well-defined  vein,  cropping  for  over 
one  mile  in  length,  with  an  average  thick- 
ness of  about  10  feet.  The  ore  consisting 
of  copper  and  iron  pyrites  (Ohalcopyrite) 
is  massive  and  compact  throughout  the 
whole  vein.  The  next  and  last  zone  is  sit- 
uated a  few  hundred  feet  further  west,  in 
the  granite  belt.  There  is  only  one  known 
vein,  which  is  doubtless  a  trae  fissure. 
The  ore  found  in  that  part  wholly  enclosed 
in  granite  is  a  compact  sulphide  of  anti- 
mony, with  only  slight  traces  of  any  other 
mineral.  At  both  the  north  and  south 
end  the  vein  passes  into  the  stratified 
rocks,  and  the  ore  is  valuable  for  its  sil- 
ver, while  the  south  end  contains,  in  addi- 
tion, traces  of  gold  and  copper. 

There  are  several  other  subordinate 
bodies  of  mineral  found  in  various  parts 
of  the  district  that  are  not  important,  ex- 
cepting the  French  and  some  others  in  its 
vicinity.  These  deposits  occur  in  the  low- 
er stratum  of  dolomite.  The  ore  is  ex- 
ceedingly rich  in  silver,  generally  ranging 
from  $100  to  $800  per  ton;  but  the  depos- 
its are  generally  small  and  irregular.  The 
ore  is  characterized  by  a  strong  admixture 
of  copper,  lead  and  antimony. 

Will  the  Mines  Continue  in  Depth  ? 

As  we  have  been  dealing  with  the  White 
Pine  mineral  system,  it  may  not  be  inap- 


propriate to  refer  here  to  a  question  of  the 
utmost  importance  to  her  future  prosper- 
ity, namely:  May  we  expect  a  continuance 
of  the  deposits  of  free  ore  in  depth.  Of 
course  any  opinion  on  the  subject  is  at 
present  but  mere  speculation;  but  were 
we  better  acquainted  with  the  laws  that 
govern  the  mineral  world,  we  might 
answer  the  question  with  almost  unerring 
certainty.  As  it  is,  we  must  judge  by  the 
knowledge  in  our  possession.  In  examin- 
ing the  district  we  have  found  there  are 
several  thousand  feet  of  mineral-bearing 
strata  exposed ,  belonging  to  a  lower  geolog- 
ical horizon  than  the  Treasure  Hill  dolo- 
mite. Thus  proving  that  all  the  underly- 
ing strata  are  metalliferous.  Therefore  we 
have  no  reason  for  supposing  that  the 
strata  covered  by  the  dolomite  is  less  met- 
alliferous than  that  from  which  it  has  been 
denuded. 

Furthermore,  we  find  the  minerals  in 
the  free  belt  arranged  under  certain  con- 
ditions and  in  well-defined  boundaries, 
showing  unmistakable  obedience  to  some 
given  law.  In  some  instances  deposits 
were  found  near  or  on  the  surface,  while 
others  were  discovered  at  varying  depths 
up  to  150  feet;  but  all  the  deep  deposits 
are  found  on  the  east  side  of,  and  near 
the  spar  vein.  Outside  of  that  we  look  in 
vain  for  deep  deposits,  except  in  the  base 
range.  We  have  also  found  the  ' '  ore 
channel "  along  the  spar  continuous,  some- 
times in  immense  deposits,  at  others  but  a 
mere  seam .  In  attaining  depth  we  may 
look  for  the  same  order  of  arrangement, 
large  deposits  will  gradually  pinch  to  a 
mere  seam,  or  perhaps  give  out  altogether 
in  parts  of  the  channel,  only  to  wedge  out 
again,  or  to  be  succeeded  by  other  de- 
posits in  depth.  But  as  we  find  base  ore 
in  the  underlying  strata  on  both  sides  of 
the  main  belt,  we  may  reasonably  assume 
that  the  free  ore  will  gradualy  be  replaced 
with  baser  compounds  as  depth  is  attained 
and  the  underlying  strata  reached.  In 
fact  in  mines  where  considerable  depth  is 
being  attained,  we  notice  a  gradual  change 
in  the  ore  in  that  respect. 

Schell  Creek 
Furnishes  well-marked  instances  of 
changes  in  the  country  rock  accompanied 
with  corresponding  changes  in  the  accom  - 
panying  minerals.  The  prevaling  forma- 
tion is  dolomite  lying  upon  a  substance  of 
porphyritic  rock,  and  capped  with  a  light 
deposit  of  calcareous  shale  alternating 
occasionally  with  considerable  masses  of 
quartzite.  The  main  belts  or  "ore  chan- 
nel" is  situated  along  the  plane  of  contact 
of  the  shale  and  dolomite,  and  apparently 
coincides  with  the  latter  in  dip  and  strike. 
The  minerals  found  in  it  are  mainly  silver 
glance  and  chloride,  with  very  slight  traces 
of  copper  (azurite  and  malachite).  Some 
of  the  outlying  deposits  are  encased  whol- 
ly in  dolomite,  and  the  minerals  are  in  all 
cases  characterized  by  an  increased  per- 
centage of  copper,  silver  copper  glance, 
and  compounds  resulting  from  its  decom- 
posi  tion  (azurite  and  malachite) .  South 
of  Queen  Springs  hill,  the  dolomite  is  re- 
placed by  a  dark  stratified  limestone 
resembling  shale,  and  the  vein  though 
continuing  as  strong  as  elsewhere  is  com- 
paratively poorer  in  valuable  minerals.  At 
Ruby  Hill,  another  change  takes  place  in 
the  formation.  A  species  of  greenstone  is 
found  in  contact  with  the  vein,  and  the 
ore  though  very  rich  in  silver,  is  charac- 
terized by  a  strong  admixture  of  antimony. 
Hence  the  name  of  the  locality. 

A  Remarkable  Ledge. 
But,  probably  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing ledges  in  Eastern  Nevada,  is  situated 
in  the  Banker  Hill  mining  district,  thirty 
miles  south  of  Austin,  Lander  county. 
One  very  prominent  vein,  evidently  a  true 
fissure,  courses  through  the  district,  gen- 
erally north  and  south.  In  thickness  it 
varies  from  ten  to  sixty  feet.  Quite  ex- 
tensive developments  were  made  in  former 
years,  and  something  like  2,000  tons  of 
ore  have  been  worked  by  the  different  com- 
panies owning  locations  on  the  lode.  The 
ore  is  abundant  and  of  good  average  grade, 
unusually  refractory.  The  vein  can  be 
traced  through  several  distinct  formations 
for  a  distance  of  two  miles,  and  every 
change  in  the  formation  develops  a  differ- 
ent type  of  minerals.  Thus  commencing 
at  the  south  end  we  find  the  enclosing 
rocks  to  be  graphitic  slate,  and  the  vein  is 
entirely  nonmetalliferous.  The  next  for- 
mation, for  about  1,000  feet,  is  diorite  and 
argelaceous  shale — the  former  the  hanging, 
the  latter  the  foot  wall.  The  minerals 
found  are  argentiferous  galena  and  aurif- 
erous iron  pyrites.  Native  sulphur  is 
occasionally  fonnd  in  cavities  or  druses  in 
the  quartz.  The  next  location  is  in  argil- 
laceous shale;  gold  is  the  predominating 
metal.  The  next  1,000  feet  passes  between 
a   diorite   hanging  and  a  shale  foot  wall; 


minerals  the  same  as  before  described  for 
the  same  formation. 

The  somewhat  noted  Victoria  mine  oc- 
cupies the  next  1,200  feet.  The  vein  is 
here  30  feet  thick  encased  in  argillaceou  s 
slate,  yields  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead  and 
iron  pyrites.  The  ledge  next  passes 
through  a  thick  bed  of .  limestone,  and  a 
remarkable  change  takes  place  not  only  in 
the  minerals,  but  in  the  character  of  the 
ledge  itself .  Its  vein  character  is  wholly 
lost — limestone  replaces  the  quartz,  and 
the  ore  occurs  in  bunches  and  deposits. 
Moreover  there  is  a  decided  change  in  the 
minerals.  The  gold  and  iron  pyrites  are 
entirely  wanting,  and  the  silver  is  found 
in  combination  with  antimony,  lead,  cop- 
per, sulphur  and  arsenic.  (Silver  Fahl- 
erz.)  A  few  hundred  feet  further  on,  the 
ledge  passes  out  of  the  limestone  into 
slate,  and  again  assumes  its  vein  charac- 
ter and  with  it  its  former  combination  of 
minerals,  viz.,  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead 
and  iron  pyrites. 

This  part  of  the  vein  appears  to  furnish 
an  instance  where  the  enclosing  rocks  have 
not  only  had  an  influence  on  the  metallic 
contents,  but  have  determined  the  charac- 
ter of  the  vein,  also,  by  changing  a  fissure 
in  slate  etc.,  to  a  system  of  deposits  in 
limestone. 


The  San  Diego  Mines. 

Ens.  Press: — The  fine  rains  that  we  havehad 
in  this  region,  recently,  have  revived  the  whole 
face  of  the  country,  and  with  it  the  hopes  of  the 
people  generally,  and  particularly  the  farmers, 
as  the  crops  never  have  looked  half  so  well  for 
three  years  past.  Our  mines  are  also  improv- 
ing steadily,  as  the  work  of  development  slowly 
progresses.    The 

Golden  Chariot  Co. 
Of  Banner  District,  have  a  shaft.down  100  feet 
and  the  ore  is  better  than  they  ever  had  before, 
and  good  judges  say  it  will  go  $200  per  ton. 
They  have  out.uow,  more  than  100  tons.  The 
Madden  Company  had  twenty-five  tons  of  ore 
worked  from  their  ledge,  ten  days  ago,  which 
returned  $110  per  ton.    The 

Ready  Relief  Co. 

(Belonging  to  Bailey  Bros.)  cleaned  up  last 
week  from  eight  tons  of  ore,  worked  in  their 
little  wooden  mill,  three  stamps,  $140  per  ton. 
They  now  intend  to  get  an  iron  battery,  to  run 
by  water  power,  when  they  will  be  better  situ- 
ated to  make  money  and  work  economically  any 
mine  in  the  country.  The  mine  is  opened  on 
the  face  of  the  hill  in  three  or  four  different 
places,  showing  gold  everywhere.  They  have 
it  prospected  about  800  feet  on  the  face  of 
the  hill,  from  the  opening  at  the  bottom, 
and  the  ore  is  dumped  from  the  cart,  at  the 
mill.    This  mine  is  the  south  end  of  the 

Redmann   Ledge 

Owned  by  McMechan  &  "Whitney.  "Work  has 
been  suspended  on  the  Redmann  mine  for  the 
present,  on  account  of  water,  for  with  the  pres- 
ent machinery  they  cannot  keep  it  clear.  The 
mill  is  now  running  on  25  tons  of  ore  from  the 
Pacific,  a  ledge  lately  discovered  by  Messrs 
Gilbert  &  Lewis.  The  ore  is  variously  esti- 
mated as  worth  from  $60  to  $100  per  ton. 

Other  Mines. 

Good  rock  is  being  extracted  from  the  Chap- 
paral  ledge,  The  "Antelope"  mill  started  up 
on  rock  from  the  ledge  of  that  company,  estima- 
ted to  be  worth  $100  per  ton.  The  "Big  Blue" 
had  a  crushing  of  ore  from  their  ledge  last  week 
of  25  tons  without  assorting,  which  paid  in  Rey- 
nolds &  Co.,smill$42  per  ton.  The  Bush  boys 
had  a  clean  up  at  same  mill  of  30  tons  of  ore 
which  paid  $47.  De  Frees  &  Moore's  mill  is 
running  constantly  on  rock  from  the 

Owen's  Mine, 

Which  rock  is  paying  finely.  A  clean  up  of 
100  tons  made  two  weeks  ago  returned  $50  per 
ton.  The  present  run  is  taken  from  the  200  ft. 
level  (the  depth  of  the  shaft,)  and  much  better 
rock  than  ever  was  taken  from  the  mine  before. 
While  I  am  writing  I  am  told  they  have  fin- 
ished the  run  of  150  tons  and  cleaned  up  to-day 
$68  per  ton,  the  best  return  ever  made  from  the 
Owen's  Ledge.  Since  Wm.  Wilson  has  started 
his  sawmills  andis  furnishing lumber.new  houses 
are  going  up,  hotels  enlarging,  new  ones  being 
built  and  merchants  receiving  larger  stocks  of 
goods  and    selling    more   than    ever    before. 

L.  B.  M 

Julian  City,  April  23,  1872. 


Laege  SaijES. — During  the  last  three 
month  sales  of  Plumas  county  mining 
property — quartz  and  gravel — have  been 
made  to  outside  capitalists  to  the  amount 
of  $1,235,000.  This  speaks  for  itself,  and 
shows  that  a  portion  of  the  rich  deposits 
of  our  mountains,  so  long  neglected,  are 
about  to  be  worked.  We  have  always 
contended  that  our  county  offered  a  more 
extensive  field  for  large  paying  mining 
operations  than  almost  any  other  in  the 
State,  and  now  that  capital  is  taking  its 
place  in  our  midst,  we  expect  to  see  our 
predictions  verified. — Quincj  National. 


The  Great  Bonanza. 

The  extensive  and  immensely  rich  body 
of  ore  developed  and  still  developing  in 
the  Crown  Point  and  Belcher  mines,  is 
simply  an  exaggerated  specimen  of  the  ore 
deposits  lying  within  the  limits  of  the 
great  Comstock  lode.  The  lode  itself  ex- 
tends definitely  to  the  distance  of  about 
three  miles  in  a  northerly  and  southerly 
direction,  with  a  dip  or  inclination  of  for- 
ty-five degrees  east  as  it  descends  into  the 
bowels  of  the  earth.  Its  width  between 
the  walls  varies  greatly,  being  from  fifty 
to  three  hundred  feet,  or  thereabouts, 
the  north  end  being  apparently  the 
narrowest,  while  at  the  south  its  real 
width  seems  more  and  more  indefinite  as 
further  developed.  The  general  character 
of  the  vein  matter  between  the  walls  is 
porphyry,  quartz,  clay  and  similar  mate- 
rial, considerably  mixed,  with  occasionally 
veins  or  pockets  of  water.  The  ore  bodies 
are  the  exception  to  the  general  character 
of  the  ledge,  and  do  not  seem  to  be  in 
regular  chimneys  or  streaks,  but,  in  inde- 
pendent deposits,  occuring  simply  where 
ever  they  are  found — to  use  a  common  ex- 
pression of  the  most  experienced  superin- 
tendents and  mining  men. 

These  ore  bodies  or  bonanzas  are  of  all 
sizes,  and  in  two  instances  show  signs  of 
regularity  or  continuous  connection  from 
the  surface  down  to  the  greatest  depths 
yet  attained.  One  instance  is  that  of  the 
Gould  &  Curry,  appearing  at  the  surface 
and  following  down  in  an  almost  uninter- 
rupted chain  southward — and  eastward 
with  the  dip  of  the  ledge — through  the 
Savage  and  Hale  &  Norcross.  and  evident- 
ly into  the  unexplored  lowest  depths  of 
the  Chollar-Potosi.  The  other  is  that  of 
the  Belcher,  extending  from  the  surface 
or  thereabouts  northward  down  to  the  low- 
est depths  of  the  Crown  Point.  Bonanzas 
of  all  sizes  have  been  found  and  worked 
out  in  various  portions  of  the  ledge,  near 
the  surface,  as  in  the  Ophir,  Mexican, 
Chollar,  the  mines  of  Gold  Hill  proper, 
the  Yellow  Jacket,  Overman,  etc.  An 
important  specimen  was  the  rich  Belvidere 
body  in  the  Chollar-Potosi,  extending 
from  at  or  near  the  surface  to  about  200 
feet  below.  It  was  nearly  200  feet  long, 
and  60  or  70  feet  wide,  egg-shaped,  and 
was  nearly  all  worked  out  last  year,  yield- 
ing some  millions  of  dollars.  In  the 
Overman  several  considerably  smaller 
bunches  of  rich  ore  were  worked  out  in 
times  past;  and,  as  we  have  stated,  the 
prospecting  explorations  in  the  various 
mines  along  the  great  lode  are  liable  to 
develop  new  bodies  of  greater  or  lesser 
importance  at  any  time  and  where  least 
expected. 

The  great  chief  bonanza  of  all,  however, 
thus  far,  is  that  encountered  in  the  lowest 
levels  of  the  Crown  Point  and  Belcher. 
Already  it  is  known  to  be  four  hundred 
feet  in  depth,  a  hundred  feet  or  more  in 
width,  six  or  eight  hundred  feet  long  and 
its  limits  in  any  direction  are  far  from  be- 
ing definitely  known.  Widening  as  it  de- 
scends, it  is  literally  one  grand  mountain- 
like mass  of  rich  silver  and  gold  ore,  to 
which  all  the  other  bonanzas  or  bunches 
of  ore  heretofore  found  are  mere  stray  no- 
dules. It  gains  to  the  north  and  south  as 
depth  is  attained,  and  bids  fair  to  not  only 
include  the  entire  length  of  the  Crown 
Point  and  Belcher  claims,  but  also  to  ex- 
tend into  the  Segregated  Belcher  and 
other  mines  south.  Thus  far  it  has  ex- 
ceeded the  ntmost  limits  of  the  wildest 
and  most  sanguine  imagination,  and  no 
man,  even  now,  may  set  a  definite  limit  to 
its  boundaries. — Gold  Hill  News. 


Sold.— Mr.  Reed,  of  the  Black  Bear  Min- 
ing Company,  arrived  here  from  San  Fran- 
cisco on  Tuesday  last.  From  him  we 
learn  that  the  Black  Bear  mine  is  sold,  and 
that  the  delivery  of  the  property  will  be 
made  as  soon  as  the  transfer  of  the  stock  is 
completed.  He  thinks  that  one  of  the  first 
things  which  the  new  company  will  under- 
take after  getting  posession,  will  be  the 
construction  of  a  wagon  road  from  Scott 
Valley  to  the  mine.  They  purpose  to  en- 
large greatly  the  capacity  of  the  mill,  and 
to  do  this  properly  a  wagon  road  is  almost 
indispensable.  Mr.  Reed  left  on  Wednes- 
day morning  for  Salmon. —  Union,  Yreka 
ilk. 


Recent  experiments  in  England  have  shown 
a  net  profit  of  $105  per  acre  upon  land  that  was 
systematically  irrigated;  whereas,  upon  similar 
dand  of  the  same  tract,  when  the  irrigation  was 
omitted,  the  net  profit  was  only  $45  per  acre 
The  "Great  American  Desert,"  that  once  occu- 
pied so  large  a  space  on  the  maps  of  "Western 
Territories,  will  nearly  all  be  made  productive 
by  irrigation. 


May  18,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


307 


ECHANICAL 


'ROGRESS. 


Russia  Sheet  Iron. 

Mr.  Rodgers  of  Apollo,  Pa..,  has  devised  the 
following  method  of  producing  what  is  known 
as  Russia  sheet-iron.  It  is  claimed  that  tho 
pruccris  accomplishes  more  than  any  other  ever 
devised : — 

The  iron,  being  of  proper  gauge,  in  covered 
on  the  surface  of  each  sheet  with  particles  of 
churcoal  of  about  the  BU6  of  a  grain  of  wheat, 
taking  care  to  have  these  particles  evenly  spread 
over  the  entire  sheet,  completely  covering  the 
surface  with  them.  There  is  then  laid  another 
sheet  of  iron  upon  thin  first  sheet,  and,  in  like 
manner,  its  upper  surface  covered  with  like  par- 
ticles of  charcoal.  The  operator  thus  continues 
to  place  sheet  upon  sheet,  covering  the  upper 
surface  of  each  until  is  formed  a  pack  of  about 
forty  sheets.  The  edges  are  then  clamped  in 
the  usual  manner  for  forming  packs  of  sheet 
iron,  and  the  pack  then  placed  in  the  heating 
furnace,  with  tho  under  sheet  of  the  pack  rest- 
ing upon  a  bottom  plate.  There  is  then  placed 
around  the  edges  of  the  pack  wood  which  has 
been  thoroughly  soaked  and  saturated  with 
water,  forming  a  protecting  wall  of  wood.  Tho 
mouth  of  the  furnace  is  thon  closed  so  as  to 
prevent  the  admission  of  air  into  it.  The  fire 
is  then  started  in  the  tire-chamber,  using  wood 
as  the  fuel.  After  the  fire  has  become  com- 
pletely ignited,  the  damper  is  lowered  so  as  to 
retain  the  heat,  smoke,  and  gases  of  the  tire  in 
the  furnace.  After  the  iron  has  been  subjected 
to  the  action  of  the  heat,  smoke,  and  gases  of 
the  furnace  until  each  shoet  in  the  pack  has  be- 
come red,  which  will  requiro  about  two  hours, 
the  pack  is  removed  from  tho  furnace  and  sub- 
jected to  the  action  of  a  "steam  hammer,"  or 
other  conenssive  or  impinging  force,  for  tho 
purpose  of  working  the  oxyd  which  has  been 
formed  on  the  surfaces  of  the  sheets  into  the 
body  of  each  sheet.  The  pack  is  then  unpacked 
and  repacked  in  the  same  manner  as  in  forming 
the  first  pack,  taking  care  to  bring  the  center 
sheets  of  the  pack  to  the  outside  of  the  pack, 
and  the  ontside  sheets  to  the  inside,  thus  inter- 
changing consecutively  the  center  sheets.  The 
pack  is  again  subjected  to  heat  in  tho  heating 
furnace  in  the  same  manner  as  in  the  first  pack. 
It  is  then  removed  from  the  furnace,  and  again 
subjected  to  a  hammering  or  other  force,  as  in 
the  first  instance.  This  packing,  heating  and 
hammering  process  is  repeated  four  or  five  times, 
which  will,  as  a  general  rule,  sufficiently  work 
into  the  iron  the  oxyd  formed  on  the  surfaces 
of  the  sheets  at  each  heating  of  the  pack,  and 
give  it  the  necessary  finish  and  polish.  The 
sheets  are  then  trimmed  by  the  shearing  pro- 
cess, and  passed  through  the  length  of  the  oven 
will  be  sufficient  to  anneal  and  properly  color 
them.  The  sheets  are  now  finished  and  are  in 
a  merchantable  condition. 


The  Hammer  vs.  the  Rolls. 

Quite  a  discussion  is  going  on  between  some 
gentlemen  connected  with  the  American  Insti- 
tute of  Mining  Engineers,  in  regard  to  the  rela- 
tive excellence  of  hammered  and  rolled  ingots 
for  steel  rails.  As  rail-blooms  must  be  re- 
heated before  the  rail  can  be  completed,  the 
manner  of  forming  the  best  bloom  becomes  the 
question  of  importance.  One  party  alaims  that 
the  hammer  will  expel  more  cinder  and  other 
impurities  which  may  be  in  the  puddle-ball  or 
ingot,  and  make  a  more  dense  and  tough  steel, 
especially  because  the  mass  can  be  upended  and 
compacted  by  heavy  blows  upon  all  sides, 
whereas  the  rolls,  with  less  power,  simply 
stretch  the  bloom  and  form  it.  The  other  party 
contends  that  when  a  heavy  squeezer  is  used  a 
better  effect  is  had  upon  the  puddle-ball  or  pile 
than  can  be  induced  by  the  hammer,  and  that 
the  roll  then  completes  the  work  more  rapidly 
and  better,  because,  in  stretching  the  mass,  it 
causes  the  metal  to  be  pressed  forward  and  re- 
volve upon  itself  as  well  as  to  be  made  dense, 
and  hence  no  better  result  could  be  obtained. 
So  far  as  the  squeezer  is  concerned  it  cannot 
apply  to  the  iugot,  as  it  is  not  so  used,  and  the 
probabilities  are  that  the  roll  has  not  been 
more  generally  used  because  there  have  been 
but  few  large  enough.  Since  the  Bessemer 
process  has  furnished  means  for  producing 
large  ingots  the  use  of  the  hammer  is  no  longer 
a  necessity,  although  it  is  preferred  in  some 
cases.  "With  all  that  has  been  elicited  upon  the 
subject,  it  seems  that  the  preference  given  to 
the  hammer  arises  mainly  from  the  fact  that 
tool-steel  has  up  to  this  time  been  made  by  the 
nso  of  it. 


A  torpedo  boat  is  to  be  built  at  Boston,  170 
feet  long,  35  feet  wide  and  15  feet  deep,  draw- 
ing about  12  feet  of  water.  It  will  be  of  350 
tons  burden,  with  two  propelling  engines  and 
two  propeller  screws.  The  plow  is  to  be  made 
sharp  and  will  carry  a  steel  ram  six  feet  under 
•water.  Above  the  ram  there  will  be  aperture, 
through  which  will  pass  a  long  composition 
spar  carrying  a  torpedo  at  the  end.  The  sides 
•will  be  plated  with  six-inch  iron,  and  the  deck 
with  one-inch  steel  armor.  The  estimated  cost 
is  about  $300,000,  to  which  may  be  added 
about  50  per  cent,  for  extras  and  items  not 
counted  in  the  estimates. 


A  new  canal  has  been  projected  for  connect- 
ing the  Rhine  and  the  Weser.  It  is  to  be  about 
eight  and  a  half  feet  deep,  forty-four  feet  wide, 
and  over  one  hundred  miles  in  length.  The 
cost  is  estimated  at  about  $7,500,000. 


Glass-Liried  Water  Pipe. 

A  company  has  been  organized  in  Hew  fork, 
for  the  purpose  of  lining  pipe  and  tubing  of 
iron,  or  any  other  firm  metal  with  tubes  of 
glass.  The  glass  tubes  are  made  a  fraction  of 
an  inch  smaller  in  diameter  than  the  metal 
tubes,  and  the  space  between  is  filled  with  plas- 
ter-"f-l'aris.  The  plaster  is  mixed  to  the  con- 
sistency of  cream  and  poured  iu,  after  which  it 
soon  becomes  a  firm  lining,  or  wall  between 
the  glass  and  the  iron  or  other  metals,  and 
being  a  non-conductor  of  heat  and  cold  is 
DOt  liable  to  freeze  or  be  otherwise  injuriously 
effected  by  tho  changes  in  the  temperature  of 
its  BORonndiiigo. 

That  a  pipe  which'will  convey  pure  water  to 
our  stomachs  and  systems,  is  a  most  desirable 
thing,  there  can  bo  no  doubt;  and  that  glass 
will  do  this  is  certain;  while  the  fact  that  lead 
will  not,  is  equally  sure;  and  yet  one  must  re- 
member that  iron  will  bend,  and  glass  tubing 
s  brittle  and  will  break  on  the  least  deviation 
from  tho  straight  line,  and  when  plaster  and 
particles  of  glass  and  oxide  of  iron  come  in  con- 
tact with  each  other,  what  the  result  will  be,  re- 
moins  to  bo  seen,  when  such  breakages  occur, 
as  tin  y  mustin  the  courso  of  handling  the  tubes 
as  roughly  as  baggage-smashers  are  in  the  habit 
of  handling. 

There  is  no  better  field  for  the  exercise  of 
ingenuity  than  the  one  left  open  by  this  pipo 
business.  Tho  parties  who  propose  the  glass 
lining,  have  selected  an  admirable  substance 
for  the  purpose  in  every  respect  but  the  most 
important  one.  It  is  not  flexible,  and  conse- 
quently cannot  be  depended  upon,  and  in  fact 
any  practical  mind  would  condemn  it  at  once 
except  for  use  in  cases  where  it  would  be  abso- 
lutely free  from  liability^to  accident  or  external 
influences. 

The  plaster  filling,  or  insulation,  supplies,  in 
principle,  the  best  of  protection  to  the  glass 
tube  and  its  contents  against  atmospheric  in- 
fluences, but  in  practice  itis  subject  to  the  same 
objections  which  ore  patent  to  the  glass,  in  the 
want  of  flexibility,  except  in  cases  where  it  is 
not  subject  to  disturbance. 

The  material  which  is  coming  to  the  front  for 
the  lining  of  pipes  is  rubber,  vulcanized  to  a 
degree  which  gives  it  body  without  destroy- 
ing its  flexibility.  But  a  process  has  not  yet 
been  discovered  by  which  this  material  can  be 
well  applied  to  the  interior  of  tubing. — Amer- 
ican Manufacturer. 


Steam  Canal  Towage. — The  Manufacturer 
and  Builder  calls  attention  to  the  fact  that  near- 
ly all,  if  not  quite  all,  the  experimentors  upon 
the  steam  canal  towage  problem,  have  over- 
looked an  important  fact  developed  years  ago 
on  the  western  rivers,  that  towing  can  be  done 
with  far  less  power  by  attaching  the  freighted 
barges  or  flats  ahead  of  the  towboat  than  to  the 
rear  of  it.  In  the  case  of  river  work  the  fact 
was  developed  by  reason  of  the  damage  contrib- 
uted to  craft,  low  down  hi  the  water,  by  the 
swell  made  by  the  tow-boat.  When  the  freight- 
ed boats  are  pushed  ahead  of  the  tow,  far  less 
resistence  is  offered  by  the  water  than  when 
they  have  to  be  drawn  through  a  swell. 

Boiler  Incrustation. — This  is  a  subject 
as  yet  very  imperfectly  understood,  but  about 
which  there  is  much  empiricism.  The  Railroad 
Gazette,  after  discussing  the  matter  at  consider- 
able length  in  several  of  its  late  issues,  "gives 
it  up"  as  follows:  "Of  incrustations,  we  in 
common  with  some  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
other  people  want  information.  We  confess  we 
know  very  little  about  the  subject,  and  certainly 
are  not  aware  of  any  sovereign  remedy  for  the 
evil.  We  are  quite  sure,  however,  that  a  great 
deal  of  matter  gets  into  boilers  which  should  not, 
and  does  great  injury  there;  and  the  man  who 
can  tell  how  to  exclude  foreign  Bubstances 
may  be  sure  of  having  very  attentive  list- 
eners." 


Naval  Ships  of  Wae. — The  English  propose 
building  a  ship  of  war  with  armor  plating  on 
the  bottom,  leaving  the  top  sides  unprotected, 
and,  to  compensate  for  this  disposition  of 
weight,  the  coals,  stores  and  cables  are  to  be 
above  the  water-line.  The  vessel  is  to  bo  armed 
with  submarine  rocket  tubes  for  the  projection 
of  rockets  possessing  the  inherent  property  of 
preserving  a  given  depth  of  immersion,  and 
which  will  explode  a  charge  of  gun-powder  or 
other  explosive  on  coming  into  contact  with  any 
solid  substance,  such  as  a  ship.  Authority  for 
the  above  statement  is  the  Mech.  Mag. 


Melting:  Steel.— By  experiments  recently 
made  with  a  small  furnace  of  Sweet's  patent 
make,  it  was  found  that  steel  could  be  melted 
in  two  hours,  with  raw  semi-bituminous  coal- 
mine slack,  or  the  fine  coal  as  it  comes  from 
the  mine,  putting  the  steel  into  the  pots  cold, 
and  allowing  one  pound  of  coal  for  one  of  steel. 
Encouraged  by  these  and  other  tests,  the  Sweet 
Manufacturing  Company,  of  Syracuse,  are  at 
work  putting  m  a  16-pot  furnace,  and  will  be- 
gin the  business  of  melting  steel  about  April 
1st. — American  Manufacturer. 


A  New  Safety  Signal  invented  by  Mr. 
George  B.  Cummings,  is  to  be  tried  on  the  Bos- 
ton and  Maine  Railroad.  A  dial,  with  figures 
from  one  to  ten,  nine  inches  in  length,  is  set  in 
motion  by  a  rod  being  struck  by  a  passing 
engine,  and  continues  in  motion  ten  minutes, 
and  showing  a  red  signal  to  an  approaching 
train.  The  illuminated  dial  can  be  seen  a  great 
distance,  and  when  wound  up  will  run  for  nine- 
ty trains.  It  is  designed  for  curves,  tunnels  and 
other  dangerous  places. 


scientific  Progress. 


The  Marvels  of  Nature. 

In  attempting  to  write  of  the  marvels  of  na- 
ture in  this  uge  of  scientific  development,  one 
scarcely  knows  at  what  point,  or  with  what  ele- 
ment, to  commence;  for  within  the  hint  hull 
century,  every  element,  as  well  as  everything 
wo  use — our  lood,  clothiug,dwelliugs,  modes  of 
travel,  aud  weapons  of  war  as  well  as  imple- 
ments of  peace,  have  all  come  within  the  reach 
of  science,  much  to  our  advantage.  The  ap- 
plication of  chemistry  to  food,  agriculture,  and 
sanitary  reforms,  has  lengthened  the  life  of  the 
present  generation  at  least  five  years  longer 
than  its  predecessor,  whilo  the  application  of 
steam  to  manufactures,  land  and  water  travel, 
and  electricity  to  commercial  purposes,  enables 
us  of  this  age  to  couduet  us  much  business  in 
one  year  as  our  grandfathers  could  in  ten.  It 
is  an  undeniable  truth  that  no  race  of  men  over 
existed  who  have  seen  so  many  of  the  marvels 
of  science,  or  who  knew  bo  much  of  nature,  as 
this  generation.  Yet,  withal,  the  very  element 
by  which  all  nature  is  seen,  the  very  source  of 
beauty — Light — is  as  great  a  mystery  to  us  as  it 
was  when  "Godsaid  lettherebe  light,  and  there 
was  light." 

None  of  the  elements  by  which  we  are  sin- 
rounded  appear  to  the  uninstructed  eye  so  sim- 
ple as  light.  It  is  less  material  than  air,  it  is 
infinitely  less  so  than  water,  which  serves  our 
purposes  as  ice  or  vapor.  Science  has  not  yet 
been  able  to  discover  what  light  is.  We  don't 
know  what  light  is  any  more  than  wo  know  what 
the  electric  fluid  consists  of,  if  the  subtle  agent 
that  conveys  our  messages  acrossthe  continent 
really  is  a  fluid. 

Electricity  gives  us  a  pleasing  tittilation,  or  a 
smart  shock,  or  strikes  us  dead;  coatsthe  baser 
metals  with  glittering  gold  or  silver;  generates 
a  motive  power  to  work  ponderous  machinery; 
make  a  light  of  intense  brilliancy,  and  performs 
a  thousand  services  for  us  without  our  knowing 
exactly  whafit  is.  Light  is  infinitely  more  ne- 
cessary to  our  comfort  and  happiness,  serves 
even  more  important  purposes ;  but  we  know  no 
more  of  the  nature  of  the  one  than  we  do  of 
the  other. 

Without  knowing  thoroughly  its  nature, 
science  has  demonstrated  that  the  simplest  ray 
of  light  consists  of  many  colored  parts.  New- 
ton first  split  the  solar  rays  into  seven  distinctly 
colored  parts  by  means  of  the  prism — although 
the  rainbow  has  done  the  same  thing  since  the 
dawn  of  the  world's  creation.  Since  the  dis- 
covery made  by  Newton, botanists,  chemists  and 
photograpers  have  derived  great  benefits  by  a 
knowledge  of  the  various  properties  of  the  sev- 
eral rays  of  light.  The  generative  ray,  the 
heat  ray,  and  the  actinic  ray,  differ  greatly  in 
their  effects  in  nature's  great  laboratory.  Late 
investigations  have  proven  that  the  actinic 
ray  is  more  powerful  in  the  new  world  than  in 
the  old.  This  will  account  for  the  superiority 
of  American  sun-pictures,  particularly  of  those 
taken  on  this  coast. 

The  boundaries  of  our  knowledge  of  light, 
though  quite  circumscribed  comparatively, 
have  been  much  enlarged  during  the  last  twenty 
years  by  the  discovery  of  its  polarization, 
which,  in  a  manner,  enables  us  to  analyze  it — 
to  concentrate  its  peculiar  parts  for  our  use. 
We  know  of  no  greater  marvel  than  the  exam- 
ination of  objects  with  polarized  light,  under 
the  microscope.  It  renders  visible  minute  de- 
tails of  structure  in  the  most  beautiful  colors, 
and  enables  the  student  of  nature  to  ascertain 
the  difference  of  density  or  elasticity  of  sub- 
stances, such  as  no  other  means  could  detect. 
It  not.only  exposes  frauds  and  adulterations  in 
substances  we  purchase,  but  by  its  peculiar 
power  shows  us  the  causes  of  disease  and  death 
existing  in  what,  by  the  uninitiated,  are  con- 
sidered elements  of  health. 

This  is  a  very  general  misconception  as  to 
the  power  or  principle  to  which  certain  pheno- 
mena, the  result  of  exposure  to  sunshine,  are 
to  be  referred.  In  general,  light  is  regarded  as 
the  principle  in  such  action;  whereas,  most  fre- 
quently it  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  it. 
The  solar  rays,  which  are  commonly  spoken  of 
as  light,  contain,  in  addition  to  their  luminous 
power,  calorific  and  chemical  powers.and  there 
is  good  reason  to  believe,  electric  power  also. 
All  these  powers  are  employed  in  the  arts  sep- 
arately. The  beautiful  art  of  photography 
owes  its  origin  to  the  discovery  of  the  chemical 
or  actinic  property  in  the  sun's  rays. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  proofs  of  the 
chemical  nature  of  the  sun  rays  is  found  in  the 
action  of  chlorine.  This  element,  which  has 
worked  quite  a  revolution  in  the  process  for 
bleaching  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  because  of 
its  power  of  removing  vegetable  colors,  is  quite 
powerless  when  out  of  the  reach  of  the  assist- 
ance of  the  sun.  Flowers,  cotton  and  linens 
may  be  kept  for  years  in  vessels  containing 
chlorine,  if  kept  in  the  dark,  without  losing 
their  color.  The  same  results  follow  with  oxy- 
gen, sulphurous  acid,  carbonic  acid,  hydrogen 
and  other  bleaching  agents,  which  are  all  pow- 
erless in  the  dark,  whilo  sunlight  alone  does 
not  affect  the  colors  of  those  substances.  An- 
other singular  fact  in  the  same  connection  is, 
that  colored  solutions  made  from  mineral  or 
vegetable  substances,  are  much  brighter  when 
made  in  bright  sunshine,  than  when  made  dur- 
ing the  evening  or  night. — The  Miner. 

A  Valuable  Coal  Beo. — Report  says  that 
the  coal  bed,  near  Evanston,  Utah,  is  from  22 
to  32  feet  in  thickness,  and  constitutes  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  coal  mines  in  the  West. 


The  Reproduction  of  Eels, — Among  the 
prizes  offered  by  the  Belgium  Academy  of 
Science  for  the  year  1873-74  we  find  one  men- 
tioned for  a  dissertation  on  the  reproduc- 
tion of  eels.  It  may  seem  somewhat  singular 
in  this  era  of  scientific  research  that  we  arenot 
yet  acquainted  with  the  true  method  in  which 
tho  spawning  aud  reproduction  of  the  eel  is  ac- 
complished. The  present  hypothesis  is  that  the 
young  are  hatched  in  salt  water,  and  make  their 
way  up  the  rivers  as  far  as  they  can  go  for  the 
purpose  of  spending  their  period  of  immatu- 
rity, returning,  after  the  expiration  of  a  year 
or  more,  to  the  salt  water  to  lay  their  eggs,  and 
never  again  quitting  the  sea.  This  movement 
is  the  reverse  of  that  which  occurs  in  the  case 
of  the  salmon  and  shad,  these  ascending  to  the 
fresh  water  to  deposit  their  spawn  and  then 
going  down  to  the  sea.  The  assertion  is  not 
unfrequeDtly  made  that  eels  are  viviparous, 
and  that  the  young  can  be  seen  at  times  in  tho 
oviducts  of  the  parent.  This  is  a  misappre- 
hension, due  to  the  fact  that  this  species  is  fre- 
quently very  much  infested  with  intestinal 
worms  like  ascarides,  which  occur  in  great  num- 
ber, and  appear  on  dissection  like  embryonic 
fish.  We  can  only  hope  that  the  prize  offered 
by  the  Belgian  Academy  may  be  successful  in 
securing  a  memoir  that  shall  solve  what  may 
uow  truly  be  called  the  "oppobrium"  of  mod- 
ern naturalists. 


The  Phosphate  Sewaoe  Pbocess  of  Prof. 
D.  Forbes  and  Dr.  A.  P.  Price,  of  England, 
has  been  said  to  bo  very  successful.  The  plan 
consists  essentially  in  precipitating  all  the  solid 
matter  of  the  sewage  by  means  of  a  natural 
phosphate  of  alumina  found  in  very  large  quan- 
tities in  the  West  Indies.  To  deodorize  foul 
sewage,  the  phosphate  is  powdered  and  then 
treated  with  sulphuric  or  hydrochloric  acid,  by 
which  means  it  is  decomposed  aud  rendered 
soluble.  The  solution  thus  obtained — which 
is  said  to  fully  arrest  putrefaction  and  render 
the  most  fetid  matter  free  from  all  offensive 
odor — is  mixed  and  agitated  with  the  sewage  in 
tanks.  Then  on  allowing  the  sewage  to  remain 
quiet,  all  its  solid  matter  previously  held  in  so- 
lution is  precipitated,  and  the  effluent  water  is 
pure  enough  for  discharge  into  streams.  But 
to  render  this  still  surer,  a  still  greater  clarifi- 
cation can  be  effected  by  adding,  during  the  op- 
eration, a  little  milk  of  lime  which  precipitates 
the  phosphates  in  solution.  When  the  effluent 
water  is  used  for  irrigation,  the  milk  of  lime  is 
not  added.  It  is  claimed  that  this  water  is  more 
valuable,  bulk  for  bulk,  for  irrigation  than  the 
raw  sewage.because,  instead  of  losing  any  of  its 
mineral  fertilizing  matters,  it  has  become 
slightly  richer  in  saline  ammonia. 

The  Geological  Suevex  of  Montana. — F. 
V.  Hayden,  who  is  conducting  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Montana  and  adjacent  Territories, 
under  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Inte- 
rior, has  just  issued  his  fifth  annual  report, 
which  is  pronounced  by  the  Journal  of  Science, 
as  one  of  unusual  interest.  It  gives  a  full  ac- 
count of  his  explorations  of  the  Yellow  Stone 
Geyser  region;  a  digest  of  which  is  concluded 
in  our  issue  of  this  week.  Dr.  Hayden's  special 
report  is  followed  by  a  preliminary  report  on 
the  minerals,  thermal  waters,  etc.,  by  Dr.  A.  C. 
Peale,  who  finds  that  the  silicious  deposit  of 
the  springs,  (geyserite,  a  variety  of  opal)  af- 
forded in  one  analysis,  silica  83.83,  water  11.02, 
chloride  of  magnesium  4.00,  loss  98.85,  specific 
gravity  1.8,  hardness  5. 

Man  Woek. — A  man's  total  outward  work,  his 
whole  effect  upon  the  world  in  twenty-four 
hours,  has  been  reckoned  about  350  foot-tons. 
That  may  be  taken  as  a  good  "hard  day's  work. ' ' 
During  the  same  time  the  heart  has  been  work- 
ing at  the  rate  of  120  foot-tons.  That  is  to  say, 
if  all  the  pulses  of  a  day  and  night  could  be 
concentrated  and  welded  into  one  great  throb, 
that  throb  would  be  enough  to  throw  a  ton  of 
iron  120  feet  into  the  air;  and  yet  the  heart  is 
never  weary. — Dr.  Van  der  Wyde. 

Rio  Janeiro,  and  various  places  on  the  high  pla- 
teaus of  the  interior  of  Brazil,  indicates  that  the 
light  is  derived  from  the  sun  by  reflection,  and  the 
absence  of  polarization,  which  is  quite  different- 
ly, though  not  positively,  ascertained,  tends  to 
show  that  the  matter  reflecting  the  solar  rays  is 
not  gaseous,  but  made  up  of  solid  particles, 
scattering  the  light  irregularly. 

The  results  are  somewhat  in  conflict  with  some 
of  the  reported  observations  of  Mr.  A.  0.  Ran- 
yard,  made  at  an  earlier  date. 


Ozone-Genesis. — Dr.  Pincus  states  that  if 
perfectly  pure  dried  hydrogen  gas  is  caused  to 
burn,  in  a  very  small  flame,  from  a  jet  ending 
in  a  very  fine  point,  the  smell  of  ozone  is  very 
distinctively  perceived,  and  it  becomes  more 
conspicuous  if  a  dry  and  clean  beaker-glass  is 
held  over  the  flame.  When,  by  the  aid  of  a 
properly  contrived  apparatus,  the  combustion 
takes  place  in  pure  oxygen,  the  same  phenome- 
non is  observed. — Cliem.  News, 


The  agricultural  resources  of  the  Territories, 
is  reported  upon  by  Prof.  Cyrus  Thomas.  Re- 
ports are  also  given  on  fossils,  geology,  pale- 
ontology, etc.,  by  different  membersof  the  Sur- 
vey. The  volume  contains  a  very  large  contri- 
bution to  our  knowledge  of  the  physical  fea- 
tures and  condition,  geology,  natural  history, 
etc.,  of  a  large  part  of  the  Rocky  Montain  re- 
gion.          

Daea's  Mineealogy. — Appendix  to  the  last 
edition  of  Dora's  Mineralogy  has  just  been  issued. 
It  contains  24  pages,  8  vo.,  and  has  been  pre- 
pared by  Prof.  G.  J.  Brash.  It  contains  de- 
scriptions of  87  minerals  by  him  during  the 
past  four  years. 


308 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  18,  1872. 


ining  Nummary. 


The  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the interior.in  proximity  to  the  mioes  mentioned 

California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — Monitor  Miner, May  4th:  This 
morning  the  Tarshish  mill  sent  away  4  bars 
weighing  2,912  ounces,  and  there  are  2 
more  bricks  at  the  mill. 

Concentration  by  the  use  of  blankets, 
is  to  be  tried  at  the  Tarshish  mill. 

Nice  Oee  in  good  body  was  struck  yes- 
terday in  the  Monitor  lower  tunnel. 
AMADOR  COUNTY- 

Maeklee.— Jackson  Ledger,  May  11th: 
This  mine,  after  a  run  of  16  day's  with  12 
stamps  cleaned  up  a  little  over  $13  000. 
This  gives  to  the  amount  of  rock  milled 
a,  value  of  from  $75  to  $100  per  ton. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Spring  Valley. — Oroville  Record,  May 
11th:  On  Monday  Lathrop  &  Harris  came 
down  with  bars  of  bullion  valued  at  $40,- 
000,  the  result  of  cleaning  up  the  head 
branches  of  their  flume,  after  less  than  a 
month's  run. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Wolverine. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  May 
11th:  The  200  ft.  level  has  struck  the  so- 
called  "south  chimney"  at  a  point  160  ft. 
from  the  main  shaft.  The  level  has  pene- 
trated the  chimney  about  10  ft.  In  the 
end  of  the  drift  the  lead  is  2  ft.  wide. 
It  is  a  beautiful  ribbon  quartz,  containing 
lead  and  iron  sulphurets,  and  showing 
gold  to  the  naked  eye.  This  level  in  pass- 
ing through  the  north  chimney  developed 
an  almost  continuous  body  of  pay  quartz 
for  a  length  of  90  ft.  In  the  bottom  of 
the  sump,  16  ft.  below  the  level,  the  lead 
of  quartz  is  wide  and  very  rich. 

Jenny  Lind.— The  water  ditch  has  re- 
cently changed  hanJs  and  the  new  Co.  in- 
tead  enlarging  the  ditch  and  carrying  it  at 
such  an  elevation  that  all  the  gold  bearing 
hill  around  Jenny  Lind  can  be  worked  ad- 
vantageously. 

Hudson. — Calaveras  Citizen,  May  11: 
We  were  shown  this  week  the  result  of  an 
assay  of  some  rock  from  this  claim,  which 
reaches  the  workingrate  of  $19.43  per  ton. 
At  145  ft.  the  vein  widens;  in  fact  there  is 
another  vein  with  a  partition  wall  be- 
tween. Work  will  have  to  be  suspended 
in  a  short  time  in  order  to  drain  the  mine. 

Whisky.  Hill.— The  Whisky  T.  Co. 
turns  out  60  lbs.  every  clean  up  day. 

Collins  &  Co.,  last  week  washed  up 
$5,000 

The  Bunker  Hill  Hydraulic  Co.  have 
their  flume  re-set  with  a  greater  fall  and 
are  again  busily  at  work. 

We  hear  that  some  new  diggings  will  be 
opened  up  to  the  west  of  town  during  the 
coming  week. 

The  tunnel  through  the  hill  at  South 
Gulch,  between  Milton  and  Whisky  hill, 
is  nearly  completed. 

G-  A.  Conrad  has  sold  his  ditch  to  a  Co. 
of  capitalists  from  the  Northern  mines. 

On  this  side  of  the  river  Mr.  Conrad  has 
gone  to  work  upon  his  hydraulic  claim; 
also  Galaga  &  Co. 

Valleoito. — The  Bonny  placer  claim 
has  commenced  work,  and  employs  about 
15  men. 

Baseigaloupi  &  Co.,  are  taking  out  con- 
siderable gold. 

The  claims  of  Miller  &  Co.,   Largo   & 
Co.,  and  Sanguinetti  &  Co.,  are  all   doing 
well. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Erie. — Nevada  Transcript,  May  11:  The 
Erie  quartz  mine  at  Eureka,  is  paying 
large  dividends.  The  Co.  give  employment 
to  a  large  number  of  men,  and  the  mine 
looks  better  than  ever.  They  clean  up 
once  a  month,  but  the  exact  amount  is  not 
known. 

French  Coeeal. — Becently  some  excel- 
lent quartz  prospects  have  been  obtained, 
and  a  ledge  has  been  opened  which  indi- 
cates great  richness.  In  running  the  tun- 
nel into  the  ledge,  owned  by  Eddy  &  Co., 
rock  was  obtained  which  yielded  $25  or 
$30  per  ton.  The  Co.  has  200  tons  of  rock 
out  at  the  mill. 

Moose's  Flat. — The  Co's.  are  all  at  work 
doing  first  rate.  In  the  Eagle  Co's  claims, 
recently,  they  have  obtained  some  excel- 
lent specimens  of  coarse  gold.  A  few  days 
ago  about  3  ozs.  was  creviced  out  in  a  few 
minutes.  The  specimens  were  very 
large  and  the  gold  of  ,fine  quality;  2  of 
them  weighed  1%  ozs. 

Gbass  Valley. — Cor.   National   Gazette, 
May  4:    At  the  Idaho,   quartz  looks  as 
well  as  it  ever  did.     Work  is  being  prose- 
cuted vigorously  at  the  new  mill. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

New  Ditch. — Quincy  National,  May  4: 
A  Co.  has  recently  commenced  work  on  a 


large  ditch  and  flume,  to  take  water  from 
Indian  Creek,  above  Shoo   Fly,   and  will 
work  some  claims   near   the  river,   above 
Soda  Bar. 
SAN  D1ECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — San  Diego  Bulletin,  April  27: 
W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  by  the  Senator,  $10,- 
450  from  the  Julian  mines. 

The  Mines. — The  Owen  mill  crushed, 
last  week,  22%  tons  of  rock  from  the 
Washington,  which  cleaned  up  $780.  The 
mill  is  now  crushing  rock  from  the  Bush 
Boys  mine,  which  yields  $100  per  ton. 

The  Antelope  mill  is  at  work.  The  first  3 
tons  cleaned  up  $480. 

The  Golden  Chariot  is  being  vigorously 
worked.  So  far  160  tons  have  been  crush- 
ed, yielding  $17,000. 

The  Stonewall  mill  is  running  night  and 
day  on  the  rock  from  the  upper  level.  It 
is  decomposed  quartz  and  works  easily, 
yields  from  $20  to  $25  per  ton. 

The  owners  of  the  Big  Blue  are  taking 
out  rock  that  pays  from  $15  to  $150  per 
ton. 

Pierce  and  Eeynolds'  mill  is  at  work  on 
rock  from  the  Hayden. 

San  Diego  Union,  April  27:  The  propri- 
etors of  the  Wilson  Mill  are  re-setting 
their  battery.  The  Stonewall  Co.  intend 
adding  5  more  stamps  to  their  mill.  The 
ore  is  improving.  Work  in  the  mines 
goes  on  with  continued  vigor  and  the 
Helvetia,  Hayden,  Excelsior,  Eagle,  Big 
Blue,  "Washington  and  many  others  are  be- 
ing worked  quite  extensively.  The  Hel- 
vetia is  now  again  under  its  old  manage- 
ment. De  Frees  &  Co.'s  mill  and  mine 
employs  25  men  at  present.  The  Count  is 
actively  developing  the  Excelsior.  News 
from  the  mines  are  very  favorable. 
SIERRA  COUNTY. 

Progressing.— Downieville  Messenger, 
May  4:  The  work  of  getting  water  to 
run  a  mill  for  crushing  Good  Hope  ore  is 
progressing  rapidly.  The  mill  will  be 
ready  to  run  by  the  first  of  July. 

TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

Bioh  Quartz  Thread. — Sonora  Inde- 
pendent, May  11:  Some  time  since,  as  J.  T. 
Byan  was  prospecting  near  Sugar  Pine, 
he  came  acrOBS  a  thread  of  rose  quartz, 
richly  studded  with  gold,  which  he  began 
sinking  upon.  The  thread  is  now  about  3 
inches  wide,  and  is  increasing  in  richness 
as  he  sinks. 

Strike. — Selby  Teeters,  M.  B.  Harriman 
and  Ben.  Crosby,  have  struck  a  lode  of 
quartz  on  Chili  Gulch,  which  is  exceed- 
ingly rich.  The  piece  shown  us,  about 
half  a  pound,  was  literally  covered  with 
fine  gold. 

Quartz  and  Talc. — Hon.  W.  G.  Long, 
in  his  ledge  on  Woods'  Creek,  has  at  a 
depth  of  20  ft.  struck  rock  which  will  mill 
$150  per  ton.  The  talc  pays  from  50  cents 
to  over  $1  per  pan.  On  Monday  3  pans  of 
talc,  60  ft>s.,  yielded  $3.20. 

Patterson  Quartz  Mine. — This  mine  is 
near  Tuttletown.  The  hoisting  works  are 
nearly  completed,  and  the  Co.  will  com- 
mence taking  out  rock  next  week.  The 
vein  will  average  from  4  to  30  ft.,  and 
from  all  indications  will  pay  upward  of 
$12  per  ton.  Five  stamps  of  their  10- 
stamp  mill  are  at  work. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Diamond  Dist. — Elko  Independent,  May 
11th:  B.  F.  Bivins  has  favored  us  with 
some  fine  specimens  of  ore  from  the 
Champion.  The  ore  is  carbonate,  aver- 
aging in  silver  $150  per  ton,  and  about  84 
per  cent.  lead.  At  100  ft.  the  ledge  varies 
from  3  to  5  ft.  in  width.  The  Co.  have  on 
the  dump  300  tons. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Local  Becoed — Ely  Record,  May  5th: 
Bullion. — The  shipments  for  the  past 
week,  aggregate  $124,332,70. 

Von  Moltke  &  Estick. — Situated  imme- 
diately next  to  the  Ivanhoe.  Main  shaft 
down  103  ft.,  but  not  working  in  at  pres- 
ent. A  consolidation  has  been  formed 
between  the  Moltke  and  Estick,  and  work 
commenced  in  the  Estick,  on  a  new  shaft 
about  fifty  ft.  below  the  original  Moltke 
shaft.  Although  but  12  or  15  ft.  has  been 
attained,  the  ledge  shows  well. 

Newton  Booth. — Main  shaft  down  183 
ft.  Drift  No.  1  in  130  ft.,  through  ledge 
matter  all  the  way.  Drift  No.  2  cuts  the 
ledge  at  60  ft.  from  the  shaft,  and  a  winze 
has  been  sunk  on  the  same  66  ft.  Assays 
from  the  ledge  show  from  $3  to  $12  in 
mineral.  Drift  No.  3  cuts  a  6  ft.  ledge  34 
ft.  from  the  shaft.  The  shaft  is  being  cut 
out  and  squared  for  the  reception  of  tim- 
bers. 

Washington  &  Creole. — Still  working 
on  the  raising  from  the  342  ft.  level  west, 
to  connect  with  the  winze  from  No.  3  of 
the  Meadow  Valley  for  air.  The  ore  body 
spoken  of  in  our  last,  on  the  334  ft.  level 
continues  to  widen,  and  has  opened  out  to 


2%  ft.  After  connection  for  air  is  made 
stoping  will  commence  and  the  ore  brought 
on  top  with  dispatch. 

Spring  Mound. — The  shaft  has  reached 
150  ft.  Work  has  been  suspended  to  cut 
and  timber  it. 

Alpine  West  Ex.  and  Madassa  Cons. — 
The  shaft  is  down  95  ft.  and  still  sinking. 
Ledge  matter  is  coming  in  on  the  bottom, 
and  shows  a  trace  of  mineral  throughout . 

Two  Brothers. — The  incline  is  down 
130  ft.  and  still  sinking.  The  ledge  shows 
in  shaft,  and  carries  some  very  good  min- 
eral throughout. 

Chapman. — The  shaft  is  down  about  270 
ft.  and  they  are  raising  about  8  tons  of 
ore  per  day. 

Newark. — Sinking,  with  3  shifts  of  men. 
Ledge  matter  is  coming  in,  but  as  yet  is 
rather  broken.  Hoisting  works  will  be 
erected  over  the  shaft  at  once. 

Vandeebilt. — This  claim  is  immedi- 
ately east  of  the  Alps.  Shaft  is  down  110 
ft.,  and  sinking  through  quartz  on  ledge. 
They  will  sink  40  ft.  more  and  then   drift. 

Ivanhoe. — The  old  shaft  is  down  120  ft. 
and  a  new  shaft  is  being  sunk  about  60  ft. 
from  the  old  one.  A  drift  is  being  run  on 
ore  to  connect  the  two  shafts,  from  the  60 
ft.  station.  The  ledge  shows  well  in  the 
bottom  of  the  new  shaft,  which  is  still 
sinking,  but  the  rock  is  very  hard. 

Setting  Sun. — This  mine  lays  east  of 
the  Silver  Peak.  The  shaft  is  down  40  ft., 
and  the  ledge  shows  good  ore,  which  av- 
erages an  assay  of  $200.  The  ledge  mat- 
ter is  about  4  ft.  in  width,  and  carries 
about  2%  ft.  of  mineral. 

Norfolk. — Situate  about  2  miles  from 
Pioche,  on  a  ledge  supposed  to  be  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  main  ledge  of  this  camp. 
The  shaft  is  down  100  f t. ,  and  a  new  con- 
tract has  been  let  for  sinking  it  100  ft. 
deeper. 

San  Jose  Con. — It  consists  of  2  locations, 
viz. :  the  San  Jose  and  the  Justice,  each 
containing  1,200  ft.  and  is  about  a  mile 
and  a  quarter  east  of  the  Pioche.  The 
Justice  only  is  being  worked.  The  shaft 
has  been  sunk  through  vein  matter  verti- 
cally to  28  f t. ,  when  a  large  and  well-de- 
fined vein  was  struck,  showing  3%  to  4  ft. 
between  walls.  On  the  Justice  a  depth  of 
50  ft.  has  been  sunk,  the  entire  ledge 
carrying  assays  averaging  from  $10  to  $75 
a  ton.  The  whole  shaft  is  in  a  fine  char- 
acter of  quartz;  6  men  are  at  work. 

Cornucopia. — Shaft  has  been  sunk  40  ft. 
through  ledge  matter  all  the  way.  On 
Thursday  mineral  was  struck  in  Ihe  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft  assaying  from  $25  to  $40. 

Ceown  Point — Shaft  down  40  ft.  and 
still  sinking. 

Pioche. — Is  looking  well.  Quantity  and 
quality  of  ore  raised  is  increasing  all  the 
time.  About  300  tons  of  good  ore  are  on 
the  dump. 

Silver  Peak. — The  mine  has  tempor- 
arily suspended  work. 

Page  &  Panaca.— Sinking  of  shaft  still 
continues,  with  good  headway.  The  en- 
gine will  be  here  in  place  before  the  end 
of  the  month. 

Bed  Cloud. — Shaft  down  140  ft.  and 
still  sinking  on  contract  work.  Mineral  is 
coming  in  through  the  ledge  matter  on  the 
bottom. 

Alps.— Sinking  of  the  new  working 
shaft  still  continues  and  is  going  ahead 
rapidly. 

Condor. — Improving  daily  and  looking 
well  throughout.  Assays  from  the  ledge 
in  shaft,  taken  on  Thursday  showed  $197.20 

Maggie. — A  new  contract  for  sinking 
the  shaft  50  ft.  more  has  been  let. 

Baymond. — Shaft  down  180  ft.,  while 
work  is  pushing  ahead  with  all  possible 
speed. 

Peavine. — Sinking  from  the  82ft.  level; 
ledge  continues  good  on  the  bottom;  3 
shifts  are  at  work,  and  the  mine  looks  well 
throughout. 

Mazeppa. — Work  was  suspended  about 
the  middle  of  last  week,  but  it  will  shortly 
be  resumed  again.  About  25  tons  of  good 
ore  on  dump. 

Huhn  &  Hunt. — Shows  a  large  quantity 
of  fine  ore  on  dump.  Work  going  ahead 
rapidly,  with  a  full  force. 

Sterling. — Shaft  down  70  ft.  and  work 
going  on  steadily. 

Excelsior. — Still   running  connections 
for  air. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion  . — TTnionville  Silver  State,  May 
11th:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona, 
since  our  last  issue,  was  $8,599. 

Golconda.— The  mine  opened  and  being 
worked  by  W.  C.  Gregg,  is,  as  work  pro- 
gresses, becoming  richer  and  richer. 

Central  Dist. — Prospects  are  brighter 
and  more  encouraging  than  ever  before, 
the  mines  giving  good  yields  of  rich  chlor- 
ide and  sulphuret  ores,  ranging  from  $50 
to  $1000  per  ton.  The  Marietta  Co.  re- 
cently made  a  strike  of  18  inches  of  chlor- 


ide and  sulphuret  ores  at  150  ft.,  from  the 
surface,  which  continues  to  increase  in 
size  and  richness  as  they  go  down.  They 
have  a  4  ft.  vein  of  splendid  ore  in  their 
30  ft.  level. 

Bioh. — We  were  shown  some  very  rich 
specimens  of  silver-bearing  quartz,  this 
week,  taken  from  a  new  discovery,  in  Star 
Dist. 

Increasing. — Gov.  Fall  is  employing  all 
the  men  that  can  be  obtained  in  this  lo- 
cality on  the  Arizona  mine;  and  has  found 
it  necessary  to  send  elsewhere  for   miners. 

Will  Commence. — Gen.  L.  A.  Buckner, 
owner  of  the  greater  part  of  the  Monte- 
zuma, will  commence  work  upon  it  in  a 
few  days. 

Started. — The  Pioneer  Mill,  idle  for 
some  time,  is  again  at  work. 

Valuable. — Developments  being  made 
in  the  Eagle  mine,  Spring  Valley  Dist.  are 
causing  a  good  deal  of  excitement  among 
mine  owners  in  that  vicinity.  The  ledge 
where  exposed,  is  said  to  be  fully  8  ft. 
wide  and  literally  studded  with  gold  from 
wall  to  wall. 

REESE  RIVER. 

Diana. — Beese  Biver  Reveille,  May  4: 
Lesees  at  the  300-ft.  level  are  running 
a  cross-cut  for  the  ledge. 

Morgan  &  Muncy.— The  Manhattan  Co. 
are  taking  out  large  quantities  of  splendid 
ore. 

Yankee  Blade. — A  number  of  tons  re- 
cently worked  from  Kane's  mine  at  the 
Manhattan  mill  returned  $800  per  ton. 

Ophie  Canon. — The  Murphy  main  in- 
cline is  down  about  275  ft.  A  sufficient 
quantity  of  ore  that  will  work  $150  per 
ton  is  being  taken  out  to  keep  10  stamps 
running. 

Belmont.  —  The  El  Dorado  South  is 
working  26  men,  sinking  the  incline  and 
running  levels.  The  main  incline  is  down 
380  ft.  A  fine  body  of  rich  sulphurets  has 
been  struck  near  the  bottom ;  200  ft.  from 
the  main  incline  in  the  south  240-ft.  level, 
a  rich  body  of  chloride  ore  has  been  struck 
which  runs  up  towards  the  surface.  The 
ledge  at  this  point  is  6  ft.  wide. 

In  the  old  Canfield  ground  on  the  Tran- 
sylvania ledge,  the  Belmont  Co.  has  struck 
a  3  ft.  ledge  of  fine  sulph  uret  ore  in  a 
level  near  the  main  incline  about  150  ft. 
from  the  surface. 

A  shaft  is  being  sunk  on  the  Washing- 
ton Heights  which  will  strike  the  ledge  at 
about  100  ft.  from  the  surface. 

A  rich  strike  of  chloride  ore  has  been 
struck  in  Bennett's  claim  at  Jefferson 
Canon  about  25  ft.  from  the  surface.  The 
ledge  is  over  3  ft.  wide  at  that  depth.  The 
Sailor  Boy  ledge  is  looking  well  and  is 
yielding  quite  an  amount  of  $1,000  ore. 

WASHOE. 

Local-  Summary. — Gold  Hill  News,  May 
11:  Beloher. — Daily  yield,  300  tons, 
from  the  1,100-ft.  level.  The  ore  breasts 
all  continue  looking  and  yielding  splen- 
didly. 

Lyons  &  Leland. — The  mine  is  in  the 
big  hill  south  of  the  old  Trench  mill,  and 
a  tunnel  230  ft.  in  length  is  just  cutting 
through  to  the  ledge.  It  has  already 
passed  through  a  front  ledge  containing 
good  ore,  and  the  back  ledge,  120  ft.  fur- 
ther, is  thought  to  be  about  30  ft.  wide. 

Silver  Hill.  —  The  erection  of  the 
hoisting  works  is  progressing  rapidly. 

Yellow  Jacket. — Daily  yield,  50  tons 
fair  grade  ore  from  the  old  portions  of  the 
mine.  The  deposits  of  ore  found  recently 
in  the  1,300-ft.  level,  near  the  Kentuck 
line  has  been  cut  through  and  is  only  7  or 
8  ft.  wide,  very  low  grade  ore,  not  worth 
taking  out. 

Sierra  Nevada. — Amount  of  ore  ex- 
tracted and  worked  during  the  past  week, 
385  tons.    • 

Crown  Point. — Daily  yield  440  tons. 
The  yield  for  April  was  $819,549.67  from 
11,478  tons  of  ore,  being  at  the  rate  of 
$65.67  per  ton. 

Chollar-Potosi. — Yielding  nearly  200 
tons  of  ore  per  day  from  the  old  ore  pro- 
ducing sections.  Bullion  shipments  for 
April  $77,614. 

Savage. — Daily  yield  100  tons,  the  av- 
erage assays  of  which  are  $38  per  ton. 

WHITE  PINE. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines— North  Aurora. 
White  Pine  News,  May  2:  Sixty  to  seventy 
tons  of  ore  are  extracted  daily  from  the 
Bidsdale  chamber. 

Beeoheb  Con. — The  tunnel  is  in  240  ft. 
At  the  end  an  incline  is  down  50  ft.,  with 
a  fair  quantity  of  ore  in  sight. 

Mammoth. — Extracting  ore  from  open 
cut  and  piling  on  dump.  The  dump  will 
mill  $50  to  the  ton.  The  ore  has  improved 
in  grade  this  week.  An  assay  made  Thurs- 
day, turned  out  $91  silver  and  $5  gold. 

Ward  Beeoheb. — The  winze  from  the 
Phillpotts  to  connect  with  the  east  drift  of 
Lady's  chamber  has  connected. 


May  18,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


309 


Obioisal  Hidden  Tbeasore.— A  force 
of  22  men  was  put  on  this  week,  and  is 
embloyed  breaking  down  ore  and  hoisting 
to  the  dump. 

Silveii  Wave.— The  ore  in  the  Boswell 
chamber  is  showing  well. 

Coppeb  Glanik. — The  ore  has  increased 
in  quantity. 

Arizona. 

Hnrae  km  Mimnu.—  Prescott  Miner, 
April  27:  The  Del  Pasco  i stamp  mill,  in 
the  Bradshaw  mountains,  after  a  run  of 
3  days,  made  a  clcan-up  of  $1,600. 

The  Tiger  Co.  have  lately  sacked  some 
20  tons  of  their  best  ore  for  shipment  to 
S.    F.,    and    it    is   estimated  that  between 

$200,000  and  $300, worth  of  ore  is  now 

pitad  on  the  dump. 

Mr.  Walsh  reportstho  location  of  a  silvor 
bearing  vein  of  groat  promiso,  bj  himself 
and  others.  The  vein  is  named  the  Heathen 
Chinee,  and  is  some  three-fourths  of  a 
mile  southeast  from  the  Benjamin.  Work 
on  the  Honjamiu  is  progressing  and  a  level 
is  being  run  to  connect  the  2  main  shafts. 

bale  has  been  made  of  a  location  on  the 
Bismark  to  Hutchinson  &  Blair,  at  good 
figures.  J.  M.  Sanford  has  sold  to  N.  L. 
Griffin,  his  interest  in  the  Bismark  and 
other  mines  for  $3,000, 

Some  50  men  at  work  on  the  Upper  Lynx 
Creek,  most  of  whom  are  getting  good 
Pay- 
Several  parties  have  arrived  in  town 
from  Arizona  City  and  Ehrenborg,  Yuma 
Co.,  who  report  some  activity  in  mining 
on  the  Colorado.  Poindexter,  McGee, 
Spann,  Badcliffe,  and  others  are  working 
placer  diggings  and  making  fair  wages. 

Mr.  Hubbard  is  superintending  opera- 
tions at  the  Planet  copper  miuos  with  a 
small  force,  and  is  doing  well.  He  is  ship- 
ping from  20,000  to  30,000  lbs.  of  good 
ore  by  every  steamer. 

C.  Borger  has  been  erecting  a  10-stamp 
mill  to  work  ore  from  the  Constancia 
mine,  10  miles  east  fromEhrenberg,  which 
is  supposed  to  be  running,  as  it  was  in- 
tended to  start  up  last  Monday. 

Utah. 

Excitement. — S.  L.  Tribune, May  1:  We 
hear  that  there  is  considerable  excitement 
in  Ophir  and  Dry  Cation  over  the  recent 
discovery  of  some  extraordinary  rich  ore 
in  the  later  camp.  The  new  strike  is  rep- 
resented as  being  over  3  ft.  thick  and  as- 
Baying  §10,000  to  the  ton. 

San  Fkanoisco  Dist. — A  number  of 
specimens  from  different  mines  in  the 
Dist. ,  picked  out  by  the  men  working  upon 
them,  vary  in  value  from  18  per  cent,  lead 
and  $5.27  silver  to  31  per  cent,  lead  and 
S10.18  silver. 

Little  Cottonwood. — Cor.  same:  "A 
rich  strike  has  just  been  made  in  the  Wel- 
lington and  in  the  Lexington.  In  the  lat- 
ter they  are  drifting  through  the  vein  at 
40  ft.  deep  to  ascertain  its  width.  It  is  in 
10  ft.  with  no  hanging  wall  yet;  foot  wall 
well  defined. 

Going  to  Work. — About  lOOhandshave 
been  put  to  work  on  the  Howland  &  Etna 
Tunnel  sites  in  Little  Cottonwood  Canon 
within  the  last  week. 

Big  Cottonwood. — Cor.  same  :  Work 
on  Kelser  Creek  is  being  pushed  ahead 
vigorously. 

The  Sailor  Jack  is  working  7  men. 

The  Belle  of  France  Tunnel,  on  the 
east  slope,  is  65  ft  in,  working  4  men. 
The  Wide  West  has  just  resumed  work,  2 
men. 

The  two  Robinsons'  mines,  which  has 
been  working  all  winter,  has  an  incline  of 
120  ft  and  is  running  a  level  at  65  f t ;  3 
men  are  at  work. 

The  McDougall,  to  the  northeast,  have  a 
tunnel  83  ft  in  and  an  incline  about  40  ft, 
and  about  200  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  ; 
working  3  men. 

On  the  opposite  hill,  but  further  up  the 
fork,  we  find  the  Beed  &  Benson  resumed 
work  with  12  men. 

Northwest  is  the  Robert  Emmett,  which 
has  been  working  for  the  past  6  weeks. 
Still  below  is  the  Comet,  which  has  been 
working  for  the  past  month. 

Among  the  claims  on  which  work  will 
be  resumed  are  the  following: 

The  Argenta,  on  the  Reed  &  Benson 
Hill.  On  the  peak  are  the  Homeward 
Bound,  Home  Ticket,  George  Washington 
and  Niagara. 

At  South  Fork,  Big  Cottonwood,  Joseph 
Mullen,  of  the  Mullen  mine,  is  pushing 
ahead  work,  and  at  a  depth  of  110  ft.  with 
3  ft.  of  ore;  7  men  are  at  work.  The  Zoe, 
near  by  is  a  big  thing,  going  well  up  in 
copper,  silver  and  gold. 

The  Robison  will  start  up  soon. 

Black  Jack  and  Buttekfield  Canon. — 
Cor  same:  First  comes  the  Lucky  Boy, 
or  Osceola,  (now  cons.),  lately  purchased 
by  Cummings  &  Co.,  who  are  working 
about  30  men.     Two  tunnels  tap  the  ledge 


at  100  and  160  ft.,  showing  a  magnificent 
vein  of  ore  some  7  ft.  in  width. 

The  Gladstone  has  a  shaft  down  45  ft. 
which  exposes  a  fine  vein  of  5  ft.  A  tun- 
nel is  in  100  ft.  which  will  tap  the  ledge 
at  140  ft.  Three  shafts  are  running  and 
work  is  being  vigorously  pushed.  Assays 
range  from  880  to  S1G0. 

The  Minerva  has  a  shaft  down  25  ft. 
which  shows  a  vein  of  ledge  matter  somo 
12  ft.  in  width,  and  a  vein  of  ore  2  ft.  A 
tunnel  is  being  vigorously  pushed  that 
will  tap  the  lodge  at  200  ft.  Three  shifts 
working.     Assays  range  from  S'.IO  to  $000. 

Tlio  Occidental  has  a  tnnuol  which  taps 
the  ledge  at  60  ft.,  and  shows  a  fine  vein 
of  ore  2J 't  ft.  in  width.  Two  shifts  work- 
ing. 

The  Old  Times  has  a  shaft  down  20  ft. 
showing  a  huge  vein  of  ledge  matter  and 
some  ore.  A  tnnnel  is  in  120  ft.  which 
will  tap  the  ledge  at  00  ft.  At  present 
they  are  drifting  on  a  spur  and  have  good 
ore.    Two  shifts  working. 

The  Loadstone  has  a  shaft  down  40  ft. 
and  has  a  voin  of  carbonate  ore  of  10 
inches.  Two  shifts  aro  working.  Assays 
from  $30  to  8380. 

The  French  Spy  has  a  shaft  down  00  ft. 
aud  has  a  vein  of  chloride  ore  of  10  inches. 
A  tunnel  is  started  that  will  tap  the  lodge 
nt  200  ft  Two  Bhifts  working.  Assays 
range  from  90  to  1,900. 

There  are  some  200  locations  made  in 
this  and  Butterfield  canon,  but  as  yet  they 
are  not  sufficiently  developed  to  determine 
their  worth. 

[Owiug  to  press  of  important  matter  our 
usual  summary  from  Colorado,  Idaho  and  Mon- 
tana, is  laid  over  till  next  week.] 


San  Francisco    Stock    and    Exchange 
Board. 

Thursday,  May  16. 

The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending, 
on  the  8th  inst.,  amounted  to  $6,357,000,  which 
was  $2,000,000  less  than  the  previous  week. 
Since  May  7th,  $235,000  has  been  received  from 
the  Meadow  "Valley  mine,  and  on  the  9th  inst., 
the  Raymond  &  Ely  sent  down  $32,000,  and  on 
the  13th  $31,900.  The  Chollar  Potosi  yielded 
last  week  1,000  tons  of  ore,  assaying  $40.70; 
the  Hale  &  Norcross  yielded  900  tons  and  the 
Savage  9G0  tons,  assaying  $34.80  per  ton.  This 
month,  Belcher  paid  a  dividend  of  $312,000; 
the  Raymond  &  Ely  $210,000;  Yule  Gravel, 
$5,000;  Eastport  Coos  Bay  Co.,  $2,500 ;  Meadow 
Valley,  $60,000  and  Crown  Point  $480,000, 
making  a  total  of  $1,069,500.  The  Crown  Point 
dividend  is  the  largest  ever  paid  by  any  of  our 
companies  in  a  single  month.  The  Mahogany 
sent  down  this  week  $7,600  in  bullion. 

A  most  disastrous  break  has  occurred  in  the 
Stock  Market,  and  all  descriptions  have  fallen. 
The  panio  is  wide  spread  and  the  names  of 
losers  are  heard  on  every  side.  As  a  general 
thing,  the  rise  culminated  during  the  last  week 
in  April,  and  since  then,  the  depreciation  has 
been  rapid,  and  for  most  all  descriptions.  On 
Friday  the  10th,  a  little  improvement  overdue 
break,  on  the  previous  "Wednesday  was  shown, 
as  prices  with  some  were  as  high  as  they  stood 
previous  to  that  event.  On  Monday  business 
was  quiet  and  nearly  all  kinds  lower.  Tuesday 
there  was  a  break,  and  the  average  decline  was 
from  $20  to  $50.  On  Wednesday,  although  it 
was  supposed  by  many  that  stocks  would  rally, 
a  marked  decline  was  apparent  on  nearly  all 
kinds.  Confidence  was  pretty  generally  shaken, 
and  the  main  purpose  of  dealers  was  to  get  off  as 
lightly  as  possible.  To  day  there  was  a  slight 
reaction  but  the  tone  of  the  market  is  quite 
weak.  The  informal  sessions  of  the  Board  have 
been  dispensed  with  since  they  detract  from 
the  interest  at  the  regular  sessions,  and  busi- 
ness at  that  session  has  declined. 

This  panic  has  been  brewing  for  some  time 
and  although  the  mines  themselves  are  as  good 
as  they  were  during  the  hight  of  the  excite- 
ment, the  impression  has  gained  ground  that 
the  prices  of  many  descriptions  were  ioz ^  above 
then-  real  value.  The  sensational  rumors  and 
statements  concerning  the  Yellow  Jacket  mine 
have  also  had  a  marked  effect  in  depreciating 
values.  Some  suppose  that  it  is  merely  a 
dodge  for  certain  parties  to  buy  in  certain 
stocks,  before  existing  developments  became 
known.  The  abundance  of  the  supplies  in 
some  of  our  leading  mines  will  no  doubt  bring 
them  up  again  in  the  market,  and  it  is  to  be 
supposed  that  some  others  will  eventually,  be 
carried  up  with  them.  "Whether  they  will  ever 
get  up  as  high  again  as  they  have  been  recently 
is  an  open  question. 

A  number  of  companies  have  recently  "wat- 


ered" theirstock.among  them  the  Crown  Point, 
which  has  increased  the  number  of  shares  from 
12,000  to  100,000  which  will  give  small  buyers 
a  chanco  to  invest  in  that  renowned  property. 
On  Wednesday,  in  the  Board,  when  everything 
else  was  fulling,  Crowu  Point  was  offered  at 
$1,300,  which  was  takeu;  $1,350  bid  and  taken, 
aud  $1,400  bid  and  taken,  and  the  latter 
amount  bid  for  -more,  but  there  was  nobody 
who  wanted  to'sell.  At  this,  there  was  a  gen- 
eral applause  among  the  brokers  and  operators, 
;i  very  unusual  occurrence.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  now  this  extraordinary  excitement  in 
stocks  has  partially  subsided  that  the  uew  com- 
panies and  the  old  ones  too  will  look  more  to 
actual  ore  developments  than  tu  stock  fluctua- 
tions, and  that  those  who  are  too  poor  to  afford 
it  will  stick  to  some  legitimate  business  which 
is  attended  with  less  risk.  Mine  if  you  want 
to,  but  do  it  in  the  proper  manner,  not  with 
certificates  of  stock.  The  people  who  did  not 
draw  out  in  tiino  aro  completely  demoralized, 
and  a  number  of  failures  are  expocted,  unless 
prices  go  up  considerably  in  a  short  time. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.- S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Mny  16.    Adv.  Dm 


May  9. 

■Alpha $  90 

American  Flag..  IH!4 

Bolooor 1250 

Buckeye — 

Ohollar-PotOBi..  IG236 

Cnleilonia  100 

Cons.  Virginia...  90 
Grown  Point....  1750 

Daney — 

Eureka  Cons —  31 

Kureka — 

Exchequer 50 

Gould  A  Curry.. 300 
Golden  Cliuriot..  13 
fclale  4  Norcross  295 

Ida  Elmore — 

Imperial .300 

Justice '20 

Kentuck -ISO 

Mammoth !'•> 

Meadow  Valley..  llli 

Mahogany 25 

Ophir 85 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.  —     1 

Overman 150 

Pioche 15 

Raymond  £  Ely.  118 

Savage 565 

Sierra  Nevada...  35 

succor  8 

Wasll.ACreole..  6!^ 
Yellow  Jacket...  240 
Seg.  Belcher.... H2« 


132!* 

18 

1300 

7 


1900 
5tf 
34 


37 

G30 
2* 
18 


120 
580 


900 

fil 


350 
42)4 


1300 
3 

27 
18 
35 
240 

mi 

140 

ma 

200 

■an 

315 

1 

13K 

253 

40 

12!* 

to 

13>£ 
100 


150 
19'i 


340 
13'* 


106 
265 
25 


37J*  22 

9  6            6 

CM  fH       — 

2C2!6  140         150 

195  80           95 

Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 

BID.  ASKED. 

AlphaCons 85  90 


Amador.. 

Belcher 875 

Ohollar-Potosi..     107 
Crown  Point. .. .  1200 


!«» 


Eureka 27 

Golden  Chariot.  — 

Gould  &  Curry.  — 

Hale  &  Norcross  140 


BID.  ASKED 

Ida  Elmore 19j*  — 

Imperial 200  200 

Kentuck 335  340 

Meadow  Valley..    ]3)£"  14 

Ophir 38  40 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas    121^  14 

Overman 85  90 

Savage 2.50  260 

Raymond  A  Ely.    106  1 10 

Sierra  Nevada...     23  24 

Yellow  Jacket. . .  130  135 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  £  Co..  117  and  119  Col.  Btreet 

FR10EB  FOB   INVOICES 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quotations. 

Thuesday,  May  16,  1872 

rnoN.— 

Scotch  Pig  Iron,  #  ton $70  00  @ 

White  Pip,  $  ton 52  00  @ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^  lb —  05^(3  —  06 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  3  B> —  06  (S  —  07 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4  —05  @  —  06 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  08  @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  L3 —  Q6^@  —  07 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —07  @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —  06  (S 

HorseShoea 8  00  @ 

Nail  Rod 11 

Norway  Iron 9 

Rolled  Iron 6 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.        6  @        7 

COPPEn.— 

Sheathing,  $  lb —24  @  —  28 

Sheathing,  Yellow  ■•' —  24  <a  —  26 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11  @  —  U% 

Composition  Nails —  24         — 

Composition  Bolts — 24        — 

Tin  Plates.— 

PlateB,  Charcoal,  IX  ^  box 12  00 

Plates,  ICCbarcoal  10  00        10  50 

Roofing  Platea 1100 

BancaTin,  Slabs,  $  lb —  45 

Steel—  English  Cast,  $  K> —  16        —  17 

Drill 16  17 

Flat  Bar 17  20 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 12!^ 

gUICKSILVEB.— $  lb —  85 
EAD.-Pig,  34  lb --06         —  06J4 

Sheet —08        —    8Jj 

Pipe —    9        —10 

Bar 08        -09 

Zinc. -Sheets,  *ft  lb —10        —  10J£ 

BORAX.— Refined —25        -  30 

Borax,  crude —    5 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro„  No.  109  Post  St.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  May  16, 1872. 

Sole  Leather— The  demand  is  good,  with  an  advance  in 
Eastern  market,  which  will  probably  soon  be  feit  here. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  $  a 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  #  tb 26@2fl 

Country  Leather,  ^  lb 25<a28 

Stockton  Leather,  ^  lb 26®29 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  (lrm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,8  Kil.,  perdoz S60  0O@ 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz 72  00@  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  $  doz 60  00@  76  00 

Lomome,  16  to  18  Kil  ,^  doz  75  00@  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  00@  70  00 

Corncllian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  OllfaJ 

Cornellian.  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz 60  00(a)  68  00 

Qgerau  Calf,  1&  doz 54  00® 

Simon,  18  Kil. M  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  &  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  ^  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  ^  ft 1  10®    1  30 

California  Kip,  f  doz 60  00  to  BO  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  ^  doz.... 15  00 

EosternCalf  for  Backs,  ft  ft 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ^  doz —    it  00(5)  lit  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings,^  doz 5  50®  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75@    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ^pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ^pair..: 4  50@    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs, ^  pair 4  00 

HarnesB  Leather,  ^  lb 30®    371s 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  f>  doz 48  00©  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ^  ft 34®    37W 

Welt  Leather,  $  doz 30  00©  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  $  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather.  $  foot IB®      20 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Sciem- 
tu'ic  Press  and  other  San  FranciBCO  journal!.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
NAilF,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  AB8EB8MKNT.  DELINQUENT.      OF  BALE. 

All'  i-haiiy  Consolidated,  Cul.  Ap.  20.  96c.Juiie3-JuD.eM* 
BuU".M.i'i».,sturvy  LV.,Ncw,Ap'l  30,  $1.  June  5— June  28 
Ooni.VlrgiDia  M.  Co.,  New.  Mur.  19,  $3.Apr.  24—  May  18 
Crowu  Polut  R.  S.  M.  Co.,  May  3. $5. ..June  20— July  SO 
Daney  M.  Co..  Lyon  Co..  April  3,  $1.50.  ..May  9— May  -il 

EaKU-Quit-ksilvoi,  May  8,  HO July  11— July  15" 

El  Dorado  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Muy  13,  25c June  16— July  10 

Francl«M.  Co.,  Cal..  April  0,  $1 May  14— June  4* 

Gen.  Lee  B.M.Oo.,W.  Pine.  Apl  27, lOcJunell— July  2 
Qoldi  n  ' 'harlot.  Idaho T.,  April  12,  $1.50.  May  22-Jiuie  18 
Hid.  Trtas.  M.  Co.,  W.  P..  May  11,  lo.-...Juue  17— July  8 
IInl.Tn ■iin,0..>iifc.M.Co..W.P.,Mny  n,  10c. .June  17— July  8 
Huhn  k  Hunt  S.M.Co.,Nev  ,Mar.20.  25c.  -Apr.29--May  27 

Ingomar  8.  M.  Co..  Ely.  April  1,  2fic Muy  8— May  31» 

[mm  rlatiioe  Eugenie, Cal.,  April  2C,*j5c.June2— Juno  17 

Jackson  itf.  Oo.,  Nev.,  Aprils,  25c. May  fl— May  25 

Julio  G.  ti  S.  M.  Co.,  New.  April  22.  $5. May  25— June  15 

Slnoald  flat,  Cal.,  April  23,  S3 May  27— June  17* 

Lemon  M.  and  M.  Co.,  Eureka.  Apr  I,  $l.May  7-June  12 
Lord  Byron  G.&S.M.Co.,  Nev. .Apr.  2;i,J.»-.Ju]u.3-June 22 

Louise  M.  Co.,  Nevada,  April  o,  10c Mayl4-Junel0 

LyouaA:  Wheeler  Co.,  A.  T.,  April  6,  10c. May  15-Juno  3* 
Magnolia  8.  M.  Co.,  Nov.,  April  22.  25c.  Muy  25-^Juue  20 

Mina  Rica  M.  Co..  Mav  8,  VOc June  10— Julv  1* 

Minn.  O.k  8.  M. Co., I .T., May  12,  <\j,» ..Ivne  22— July  20 
Mt.  Jefferson  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Apr.  3,  30c...  May  6— May'22* 
Nevada  L.  A:  M  Co.,  New,  March  28,  4c.  .May  2,  May  24* 

Ophir 8.  M.  Co.,  New,  April  17.  $5 May  22— June  13 

Pacific  Horux  Co.,  Nevada,  May  4,  20c".  ..Juue  C — June  29 

Page  fcPauttca,  Nov.  April  12,50c May  20 — June  15 

Pea  VineS. M. Co. .Ely  DiKt.,Mav  1 1 .  2(h-..Juno  20— Julv  13 
Piermont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  April  16,  40c  .May  20— June' 19* 
Pride  of  Mt.  M.Co.  Nev. ,  May  7,  25c...  Juue  17— July  10 
Rising  StarS.  M.Co  ,  Idaho,  Ap'127,$l.  .June  1— June  29 
San  Buenaventura  Co.  Cul.,  Jan.  19,  $l.Fob.  29— Mar.  20 

Sierapre  Viva  Co.,  Mex.,Mor.  25,  3(>c May  2— May  20* 

8.  Gold  HiUM.  Co.,  Nev..  Apr  1,  $2.50..  May  6— May  27 
S.  F.  M.  Co.,  UtahTer.,  April  13,  25c. .  .Mey  16— JuoeB* 
Silver  Sprout  M.  Co.,  Cal. .April  29,  50c.  June  1 — June  22* 
Silver  Wave,  W.  P.,  Nev.  Apr.  10,  50c. May  14— June  13* 
Spring  Mt.  Tunnel  Co., April  11, 15c. .  .May  20— June  10* 

Sumner,  Kern  Co.,  April  11,  $10 May  22— June  21 

TallulahM.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  5,  $1.50 May  7— June  4 

Tecumseh  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  24,  $5. . .  May  29— June  17* 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal..  April  11,  $1 May  13- June  3* 

Washington  M.  Co.,  May  8,  $3 June  11 -June  29* 

Wash.*:  Creole  M.  Co. .New.May  13,74c.. June  20—  July  17 
MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Adriatic  G.  &  8.  M.Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Alams  G.  k  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  4 

Bacon  M.  k  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Juno  4 

Bacon  M.  &  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  Jun*  1 

Belcher  S.  M  Co Special  Meeting,  May  24 

Bowers  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  27 

Calaveras  Hydraulic  M.Co Annual  Meeting,  May  29 

Confidences.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  4 

Consolidated  Virginia Special  Meeting,  Muy  20 

DelRey  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting.  June  10 

Empiro  M.  k  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Empire  M.  &  M.  Co .Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Golden  Age  &  Empire  M.  Co....Annuul  Meeting,  May  27 

Gold  Canon  Cons.  M.  Co Special  meeting.  May  31 

Green  G.  k  S.  M.Co Special  Meeting,  June  3 

Hale  &NoreroB6 Special  Meeting,  May  30 

Hartford  G.  k  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  May  28 

Highland  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Juno  4 

Independent  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  14 

Ingomar  8.  M.Co Annual  Meeting,  May  20 

Imperial  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  June  3 

Kentuck  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Mammoth  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

Louise  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  25 

Minn.  G.  &  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

Overman  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  5 

Rising  Star  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  20 

Servator  8.  M.  Co Special  meeting.  May  31 

Silver  Sprout  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  3* 

St.  Louis  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  Juno  6 

Tecumaeh  G.  S.  and  C.  C Special  Meeting,  June  12* 

Wellington  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  4 

William  Penn  Cons.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  25 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher  M.  Co.,  $30 Payable  May  10 

Belcher,  $20 Payable  April  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crowu.Point  G.  k  S.  M.  Co.,  $40 Payable  Mav  11 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  Coal  M.  Co.,  $5.00.  .Payable  May  13 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $7.50 Puyable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.00 Payable  May  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  k  Ely  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  May  6 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co,  50c Payable  May  1 

*Advertieed  in  this  journal. 


Meetings  and  Elections. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Empire  Mining 
Company,  held  on  the  14th  inst.,  the  following 
gentlemen  were  elected  Trustees  for  the  ensu- 
ing year:  Hill  Bcachy,  J.  S.  Kennedy,  Geo.  W. 
Beaver,  M.  Herman,  and  C.  F.  Balcom.  The 
Board  organized  by  the  election  of  Hill  Beaehy, 
President;  J.  S.  Kennedy,  Vice  President;  C. 
F.  Balcom,  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  and  A.  P. 
Minear,  Superintendent. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Pea  Vine  Silver 
Mining  Company,  held  on  the  14th  inst.,  the 
following  gentlemen  were  elected  Trustees  for 
the  ensuing  year:  J.  B.  E.  Cavallier,  C.  W. 
Fox,  C.  P.  Hall,  E.  Skerritt,  C.  F.  Schulze. 
The  Board  organized  by  the  election  of  J.  B.  E. 
Cavallier  as  President,  C.  "W.  Fox  as  Vice  Pres- 
ident, and  C.  F.  Balcom  as  Secretary. 

The  Orient  Silver  Mining  Company,  on  the 
13th  inst.,  elected  its  Trustees  as  follows:  J.  A. 
Pritchard  (President),  A.  T.  Hatch,  J.  Dods, 
S.  A.  Raymond  and  H.  H.  Day.  Joseph  Ma- 
guire  was  appointed  as  Secretary. 

The  "Washington  &  Creole  Mining  Company 
have  elected  A.  J.  Boile,  Jr.,  and  S.  Linkton 
Trustees,  in  place  of  P.  E.  Connor  and  Henry 
Janin,  resigned. 

A.  C.  Hamilton  has  been  appointed  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Savage  mine,  in  place  of  F.  B. 
Shamp. 

The  William  Penn  Consolidated  Mining  Com- 
pany will  hold  a  meeting  on  the  15th  of  June, 
to  consider  a  proposition  to  increase  the  capital 
stock  from  $810,000,  in  27,000  shares,  to 
$1,350,000,  in  27,000  shares. 

The  Best  &  Belcher  Mining  Company  held  a 
meeting  on  the  13th  inst.,  and  resolved  to  in- 
crease their  capital  stock  from  $448,000  to 
$2,240,000,  in  22,400  shares. 

The  Bacon  M.  &  M.  Co.  will  meet  on  the  1st 
of  June,  to  consider  a  proposition  to  increase 
their  capital  stock  from  $800,000,  in  4,000 
shares,  to  $2,400,000,  in  24,000  shares. 


310 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS> 


[May  18,  1872. 


The     Hot    Springs    and    Geysers    of 
Montana. 

[Concluded  from  page  178] 

The    Yellowstone    Basin  a  Volcanic    Crater. 

This  basin  has  been  called  the  vast  crater  of 
an  ancient  volcano.  It  is  probable  that,  during 
the  Pliocene  period,  the  entire  country  drain- 
ed by  the  sources  of  the  Yellowstone  and  the 
Columbia  was  the  scene  of  as  extensive  vol- 
canic activity  as  that  of  any  portion  of  the 
globe. 

It  might  be  called  one  vast  crater  made  up  of 
thousands  of  smaller  rents  and  fissures,  out  of 
which  the  fluid  interior  of  the  earth,  fragments 
of  rocks  and  volcanic  dust  have  been  erupted 
in  unlimited  quantities.  Hundreds  of  the  cones 
of  these  volcanic  vents  are  now  remaining, 
some  rising  to  a  hight  of  11,000  feet  above  the 
sea.  Mounts  Doane,  Langford,  Stevenson  and 
over  a  hundred  other  peaks  may  be  seen  from 
any  high  point  on  either  side  of  the  basin,  each 
of  which  was  once  a  center  of  eruption.  In- 
deed the  hot  springs  and  geysers  of  this  region 
are  only  the  closing  stages  of  that  wonderful 
period  of  volcanic  action  Bwhich  began  in  Ter- 
tiary times — the  escape  pipes  or  vents  for  those 
internal  fires  which  were  once  so  active,  but 
are  now  dying  out. 

Even  at  the  present  time  there  are  connected 
with  these  manifestations  of  internal  heat, 
earthquake  phenomena  which  are  well  worthy 
of  attention.  Shocks  are  not  uncommon  and 
are,  at  some  seasons  of  the  year,  very  severe. 

Yellowstone  Lake— Singular  Parasite— Formation. 

Yellowstone  lake  is  about  22  miles  long,  avera- 
ges 10  or  15  miles  in  width  and  has  an  unusual 
average  depth,  although  the  greatest  depth  is 
about  300  feet.  It  is  fed  by  the  snows  which 
fall  upon  the  surrounding  mountain  ranges 
and  is  the  most  beautiful  sheet  of  water  in  the 
"West.  The  clear  green  shading,  with  the  deep 
ultramarine  hue  of  the  waters,  adds  not  a  little 
to  the  effect  of  the  scene.  The  lake  has  at  all 
seasons  nearly  the  temperature  of  cold  spring 
water.  It  lies  7,427  feet  above  sea  level. 
But  one  species  of  fish  were  found,  a  trout, 
weighing  from  1  to  3  pounds  each.  They  are 
very  abundant,  but  generally  infested  by  a  sin- 
gular parasitic  worm,  which  (called  Dibothrium 
cordiceps)  is  found  in  the  abdorminal  cavity, 
or  interwoven  in  the  muscular  portions  in  sacs 
or  cysts;  or  sometimes  in  the  gills.  Possibly 
this  diseased  condition  of  the  fish  is  caused  by 
the  proximity  of  the  hot  springs  so  abundant 
all  around  the  lake  shore  and  sometimes  ex- 
tending far  out  into  the  waters. 

The  lake  basin  is  probably  due  in  part  to 
erosion .  All  along  its  margin  are  high  banks 
and  terraces  composed  of  a  modern  stratified 
deposit,  passing  up  into  an  aggregation  of 
sand,  pebbles,  etc.,  which  is  often  cemented 
into  a  tolerably  firm  conglomerate.  These  de- 
posits, made  up  of  eroded  volcanic  rocks,  have 
sometimes  the  white  appearance,  and  some- 
what the  composition,  of  the  Pliocene  clays, 
marls  and  sands  of  the  lake-basins  along  the 
Missouri  and  the  lower  Yellowstone.  In  the 
northern  portion  of  the  basin  these  deposits 
reach  a  thickness  of  300  to  fiOO  feet  and  must 
be  of  the  later  Pliocene  age,  perhaps  extending 
down  to  the  present  time.  The  two  lakes 
were  then  connected,  although  probably  never 
completely  united.  The  belt  of  mountains 
which  separated  them  was  about  4  miles  wide. 
It  is  estimated  that,  since  the  period  of  volcan- 
ic activity,  the  lake  has  been  about  500  feet 
deeper  than  at  present.  During  the  time  of 
the  greatest  volcanic  action,  the  water  must 
have  covered  the  loftiest  peaks,  for  many  of 
hem  are  composed  of  the  breccia  or  conglom- 
erate in  a  regularly  stratified  condition.  The 
area  of  the  lake  is  now  gradually,  but  very 
slowly  diminishing. 

Hot  Springs— Brimstone  Basins— Sulphur  Ml 

On  the  shore  of  the  southwest  arm  of  the 
lake  is  a  group  of  hot  springs  covering  a  belt  3 
miles  long  and  1  mile  wide.  These  springs 
have  built-up  a  series  of  beds  or  stratra,  25  feet 
thick  in  the  aggregate,  composed  of  laminae  of 
silica.  The  shores  are  covered  with  the  decom- 
posed siliceous  crust. 

Many  of  the  springs  are  constantly  boiling 
with  violence,  but  rise  and  fall  every  second  or 
two,  with  each  pulsation  throwing  out  a  small 
quantity  of  water.  Quite  a  pretty  symmetrical 
funnel-shaped  crater  is  found,  with  a  circular 
rim  varying  from  a  few  inches  to  several  feet 
in  diameter.  Some  of  these  chimneys  extend 
out  into  the  lake  several  feet,  and  hot  spring  de- 
posits may  be  seen  through  the  clear  depths  for 
50  yards.  The  same  variety  of  colors,  quiet 
and  mud  springs,  old  ruins,  etc.,  as  before  de- 
scribed, occur  here,  but,  but  no  geysers. 

On  the  east  and  northeast  side  of  the  lake  are 
groups  of  living  and  dead  springs.  High  up  on 
the  mountain  sides  are  two  extension  patches 
of  siliceous  deposit,  resembling  at  a  distance 
an  immense  snow  bank.  They  are  called  brim- 
stone basins  by  the  mountaineers,  on  account 
of  the  great  quantities  of  sulphur  mixed  with 
the  silica. 

At  steamboat  Point  two  vents  constantly  pul- 
sate, throwing  columns  of  steam  to  a  hight  of 
100  feet  or  more.  Dead  and  dying  springs  in 
great  numbers  occur  along  the  shore  and  high 
up  among  the  foothills,  a  mile  or  two  from  the 
lake.  One  of  the  most  conspicuous  of  these 
great  white  hills  is  called  Sulphur  Mountain, 
at  the  north  end  of  the  lake.  The  summit  of 
this  deposit,  from  50  to  150  feet  thick,  rises 
600  feet  above  the  lake.  Silica  predominates, 
mixed  with  oxide  of  iron,  sulphur,  etc.    At  the 


foot  of  the  mountain  are   a  few  springs  with  a 
temperature  of  150°  to  180°. 

East  Fork  of  the  Madison. 

Leaving  the  Yellowstone  Basin  and  pursuing 
a  westerly  course  we  cross  the  high  range  be- 
tween the  Yellowstone  and  Madison  rivers, 
striking  first  the  sources  of  the  East  Fork  of  the 
Madison.  Groups  of  dead  and  dying  springs 
are  met  every  few  miles.  One  locality,  covering 
several  acres,  is  most  beautiful.  The  entire 
area  is  covered  thickly  with  comical  mounds  of 
various  sizes,  ranging  in  diameter  from  a  few 
inches  to  a  hundred  feet  or  more,  and  full  of 
orifices  from  which  streams  were  issuing.  All 
these  little  orifices  are  lined  with  brilliant  crys- 
tals of  sulphur.  The  basis  of  the  deposit  is  sili- 
ca, white  as  snow,  but  variegated  with  every 
hue  of  yellow  from  sulphur  and  with  scarlet  or 
rose  color  from  iron  oxide.  In  the  distant  view 
the  appearance  of  the  whole  country  may  be  not 
unaptly  compared  to  a  vast  limekiln  in  full  op- 
eration. The#east  branch  of  the  Madison  is  al- 
most entirely  fed  from  the  hot  springs  and  its 
temperature  is  60°  to  80°  all  the  time.  The 
vegetation  along  its  branches  and  in  the  stream 
itself  is  a  marvel  of  luxuriance.  The  moun- 
tains on  either  side  are  composed  of  basalt  and 
obsidian.  Surface  waters  render  the  valley  one 
vast  bog. 

The  springs  grow  more  abundant  as  one  pro- 
ceeds down  the  valley  and  near  its  junction 
with  that  of  the  Madison  occurs,  on  both  sides 
of  the  stream,  a  large  group  of  boiling  and  quiet 
springs,  with  basins  from  a  few  inches  to  50 
feet  in  diameter,  and  temperatures  ranging 
from  100°  to  197°  P.  At  this  elevation  the 
boiling  point  is  192°  to  196°  P. 

Great  Geyser  Basin  of  Firehole    River    Architec- 
tural   Fountain. 

From  the  last  mentioned  springs  one  crosses 
between  isolated  buttes  of  basalt  and  hot  spring 
material,  into  the  Great  Geyser  Basin  of  Fire- 
hole  river.  The  entire  valley,  3  miles  wide  here 
is  covered  with  a  snow  white  siliceous  crust, 
and  columns  of  steam  rising  among  pines  on 
the  hillsides,  denote  the  presence  of  springs. 
Some  of  these  have  most  beautiful  basins. 

In  the  Lower  Geyser  Basin  are  many  inter- 
esting springs,  riddling  the  whole  area  of  3x5 
niileF,  but  no  geysers  of  the  first  class.  Geysers 
however,  there  are,  with  rather  regular  periods 
of  activity,  throwing  up  water  columns  15  to  30 
feet  high.  One  spring  here  has  built  up  a 
most  elaborate  and  beautiful  cistern.  It  is 
called  the  Architectural  Fountain.  The  whole 
basin  is  about  150  feet  in  diameter.  Near  the 
center  is  the  rim  of  the  spring,  about  25  feet  in 
diameter.  The  water  is  in  constant  agitation, oc- 
casionally spouting  up  a  column  of  water,  30  to 
60  feet  high,  like  an  artificial  fountain,  and  fill- 
ing up  the  reservoirs  and  the  sides  for  a  radius 
of  50  feet  or  more.  The  siliceous  accumulation 
made  by  this  spring  descends  for  several  hun- 
dred feet  in  innumerable  semi-circular  steps, 
and  is  exquisitely  beautiful  in  all  its  details. 

In  the  Firehole  basin  silica  predominates  in 
the  deposits,  with  little,  if  any,  lime,  and 
small  quantities  of  sulphur. 

Remarkable  Mud  Springs— Interesting  Picture. 

There  is  here  a  remarkable  group  of  mud 
springs,  one  with  a  basin  50  ft.  in  diameter, 
which  is  covered  over  thickly  with  puffs,  like 
an  immense  cauldron  of  hasty  pudding.  The 
exact  symmetry  of  these  puffs,  their  uniform  size 
and  fineness  of  material  render  them  exceedingly 
beautiful;  and  there  is  among  them  every  shade 
of  color,  from  a  bright  scarlet  to  the  most  deli- 
cate pink  or  rose,  with  a  base  as  white 
as  snow.  The  white  siliceous  clay,  when  dried, 
has  the  appearance  of  the  finest  merschaum. 
The  most  fastidious  manufacturer  of  porcelain 
would  go  into  ecstacies  over  this  magnificent 
bed  of  mortar,  which  has  perhaps  been  worked 
and  re-worked  for  many  thousands  of  years. 

These  springs  occur  everywhere,  often  close 
to  geysers  or  clear  quiet  springs,  and  are  in  ev- 
ery state  of  consistency  and  temperature. 
"Wnen  the  heat  has  diminished  to  160°,  iron 
oxide  is  deposited  in  a  coating,  which,  in  the 
old  springs,  becomes  broken  up  and  is  sus- 
pended all  over  the  sides  like  rotten,  mouldy 
fragments  of  leather.  "When  the  springs  en- 
tirely dry  up,  these  are  blown  away  by  the 
winds. 

Near  active  geysers  the  surface  is  covered 
often  with  a  jelly-like  substance.  All  over  the 
surface  are  irregular  depressions  with  sharp 
raised  edges,  like  the  inner  surface  of  a  cow's 
stomach.  Silicified  wood  is  found  in  every 
stage  of  petrifaction. 

In  the  early  morning  this  valley  presents  a 
most  interesting  picture,  columns  of  steam  ris- 
ing from  a  thousand  vents  and  completely 
shi'ouding  it  as  with  a  dense  fog.  A  view  of 
the  city  of  Pittsburg  from  a  high  point  would 
convey  some  idea  of  the  appearance,  except 
that  pure  white  feathery  clouds  of  steam  re- 
place the  dense  black  smoke. 

Wonderful  Geysers. 
Up  the  Five-hole  river  about  ten  miles,  and 
near  the  source,  there  is  the  Upper  Geyser  Ba- 
sin, where  the  great  geysers  are  found. 

One  geyser,  near  the  center  of  the  basin,  op- 
erated twice  during  our  stay  of  two  days. 
First  comes  a  tremendous  rumbling  and  shaking 
of  the  ground,  then  an  immense  mass  of  steam 
bursts  out  of  the  crater  as  from  an  escape  pipe, 
followed  by  a  column  of  water  eight  feet  in  di- 
ameter and  rising  by  steady  impulses  to  a  hight 
of  200  feet.  The  wonderful  fountain  continues 
to  play  for  the  space  of  fifteen  minutes;  then 
the  water  gradually  subsides  and  settles  down 
in  the  crater,  about  two  feet,  and  the  tempera- 
ture slowly  diminishes  to  150°.  There  are 
here  two  separate  basins,  one_in  constant  agita- 


tion, while  the  other  plays  only  at  intervals  of 
about  thirty-two  hours;  and  although,  so  far  as 
the  eye  coiild  detect,  there  was  a  partition  of 
not  more  than  two  feet  in  thickness  between 
them,  neither  seemed  to  be  affected  by  the  op- 
eration of  the  other.  The  decorations  about 
the  springs  were  beautiful  beyond  description, 
outrivalling  the  most  delicate  embroidery  in 
variety  and.  complexity. 

Sawmill  Geyser,  with  a  small  elevated  crater 
two  feet  high,  throws  up  a  small  column  of 
water  about  twelve  feet,  by  continued  impulses, 
like  the  movement  of  a  saw.  Castle  Geyser 
has  a  crater  forty  feet  high,  and  150  to  200  feet 
in  diameter,  built  up  of  thin  layers  of  silica 
which  rise,  like  steps,  to  the  chimney  on  the 
summit, "which  is  about  ten  feet  high.  Clouds 
of  steam  issue^  constantly  from  this  chimney, 
and  every  few  moments  a  column  of  water  is 
thrown  up  fifteen  to  twenty-five  feet.  Another 
geyser,  "Old  Faithful,"  operates  every  hour, 
throwing  up  a  column  of  water,  six  feet  in  di- 
ameter, from  100  to  150  feet.  Wh-sn  about  to 
make  a  display,  very  little  warning  is  given. 
There  is  simply  a  rush  of  steam  for  a  moment, 
and  then  a  column  of  water  shoots  up  verti- 
cally into  the  air,  and  by  a  succession  of  im- 
pulses is  apparently  held  steadily  up  for  fifteen 
minutes,  the  water  falling  directly  back  into 
the  crater  and  overflowing  in  large  quantities. 
It  then  ceases,  and  with  a  rush  of  steam  for  a 
few  seconds  closes  the  display  for  the  time. 
Conclusion. 

The  two  kinds  of  deposits  in  these  regions, 
calcareous  and  siliceous,  have  been  previously 
mentioned.    According  to  Dr.  Peale's  analyses 


FIG*% 


LUSHER'S  PATENT  VEGETABLE  CUTTER. 


the  (White  Mountain)  springs  on  Gardiner's 
River  deposit  carbonate  of  lime  mostly.  There  are 
present,  also,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of 
lime,  sulphate  of  soda  and  a  little  silica.  In 
the  Firehole  Basin  deposits  not  a  trace  of  lime 
was  detected,  but  about  85  per  cent,  of  silicia, 
11  per  cent,  of  water,  and  the  rest  mostly  chlo- 
ride of  magnesia;  and  only  a  slight  trace  of 
lime  was  found  in  the  water.  In  but  one  lo- 
cality west  of  the  lake,  Colonel  Barlow  found  a 
calcareous  deposit.  There  are,  scattered  over 
the  great  area  of  about  40x50  miles,  a  few 
patches  of  the  sedimentary  rocks,  and  it  is  most 
probable  that  under  the  deposit  of  this  small 
group  of  springs  there  are  portions  of  the  car- 
boniferous limestone. 

So  far  as  ascertained  in  all  the  depos- 
its of  the  Yellowstone  Basin  proper  and  of 
the  Firehole  Basin,  silica  is  the  predominant 
constituent.  The  springs  are,  with  very  few 
and  important  exceptions,  near  the  borders  of 
streams  below  any  limestone  beds.  It  is  quite 
possible  that  underneath  the  vast  masses  of 
volcanic  material  which  compose  the  mountains 
on  every  side,  the  sedimentary  rocks  exist,  but 
probably  only  in  isolated  and  much  restricted 
patches,  if  at  all. 

It  may  therefore  be  stated,  in  general  terms, 
that  the  great  hot  spring  region  of  the  sources 
of  the  Yellowstone  and  Missouri  rivers  is  cov- 
ered with  rocks  of  volcanic  origin,  of  compara- 
tively modern  date. 

Cieculation  of  Sap.— It  is  maintained  by 
scientists  that  the  sap  of  trees  ascends  in  the 
Alburnum  or  sap-wood,  and  descends  between 
the  Alburnum  and  the  bark,  where  it  forms  a 
layer  of  new  wood — a  theory  that  has  led  to 
many  experiments.  Mr.  "Williams  applied  it  to 
the  early  maturation  or  ripening  of  grapes;  he 
found  by  taking  off  one-quarter  of  an  inch  of 
the  bark  in  width,  that  the  sap  was  impeded  in 
its  descent,  the  parts  above  became  larger,  the 
fruits  swelled  and  ripened  early  by  many  days. 


Zante,  the  well-known  Mediterranean  island, 
is  said  to  have  exported  over  25,000,000  pounds 
of  currants  the  last  year,  and  about  86,000  bar- 
rels of  olive  oil. 


Luster's  Patent  Vegetable  Cutter. 

Our  illustration  represents  a  very  simple  but 
useful  device  for  slicing  all  manner  of  vegeta- 
tables.  It  is  one  of  those  really  excellent  little 
things,  that  while  their  cost  is  but  trifling  they 
can  hardly  be  dispensed  with  when  once  brought 
into  use.  As  the  knives  are  tinned,  they  can- 
not rust,  and  yet  have  a  good  cutting  edge  that 
will  last  for  years.  They  are  easily  kept  clean, 
as  they  are  made  aU  in  one  piece,  and  are  per- 
fectly smooth. 

All  kinds  of  vegetables  can  be  cut  with  them, 
cabbages,  potatoes,  apples,  pears,  turnips,  car- 
rots, beets,  cucumbers,  radishes  and  onions. 
Six  slices  are  thrown  off  with  every  stroke  of 
the  hand,  so  that  enough  can  be  prepared  for  a 
large  family  in  one  minute. 

One  cutter  sent — postage  or  expressage  free — 
to  any  address,  for  %\  50. 

Address,  Weister  &  Co.,  17  New  Montgomery 
Street,  San  Francisco. 

Working  Gold  Ores  in  North  Carolina. 

A  correspondent  in  the  Scientific  Ameri- 
ican,  engaged  in  gold  mining  in  North 
Carolina,  writes  as  follows  on  the  subject 
of  Amalgamating  Gold  Ores: 

A  great  majority  of  mines  yielding  free 
gold  produce  ores  that  will  not  work  more 
than  ten  dollars  per  ton;  and,  of  course,  a 
large  quantity  must  be  worked  to  make  it 
pay.  Hence,  any  process  that  is  not  rapid 
and  cheap  will  not  answer. 

As  to  the  working  of  sulphuretted  or 
"rebellious"  ores:  Of  the  hundreds  of 
patented  and  other  processes,  hardly  one 
is  worth  a  moment's  consideration.  It 
may  be  said,  however,  that  many  of  the 
so-called  improved  and  newly  discovered 
methods  work  well  enough  in  the  labora- 
tory, but,  when  put  to  a  practical  test,  are 
found  to  be  worthless. 

After  many  experiments,  I  have  found 
the  following  process  to  be  the  best:  I 
first  roast  the  ore  (though  it  is  free  gold 
ore)  in  large  piles,  thus  rendering  it  very 
friable,  and  thoroughly  drying  all  the  dirt 
and  clay.  In  every  ton  of  the  ore,  there 
is  about  300  pounds  of  fine  rock  and  dirt, 
which  I  have  screened  out  through  wire 
sieves  of  about  one-quarter  inch  meshes, 
and  this  fine  stuff  I  run  through  a  common 
drag  mill,  and  then  through  a  ((  Georgia 
rocker,"  thus  saving  nearly  all  the  gold. 
In  fact,  by  this  simple  process  I  obtain 
nearly  fifty  dollars  of  gold  per  ton  of  dirt; 
whereas,  when  run  through  the  stamp 
mill  and  over  copper  plates,  I  obtain  only 
about  ten  dollars  per  ton.  The  rock  I 
crush  in  one  of  the  "Wilson  patent  stamp 
mills,  using  quicksilver  in  the  battery, 
and  then  running  the  crushed  matter  over 
the  ordinary  copper  plates.  The  rock  is 
worth  fully  ten  dollars  per  ton,  but  I  save 
only  about  half  of  this. 

As  to  working  tolerably  high  grade  sul- 
phuretted ores:  The  best  way,  if  not  too 
far  from  a  shipping  point,  is  to  send  them 
to  Swansea,  England.  But  if  this  cannot 
be  done,  then  erect  a  common  furnace, 
having  the  fire  surfaces  of  good  soapstone; 
then,  to  every  150  pounds  of  ore,  put  in 
one  bushel  of  charcoal  and  ten  per  cent,  of 
salt.  The  ore  will  readily  melt  to  a  slag, 
and  will  be  pretty  well  desulphurized. 
The  slag  can  be  drawn  off,  and  when  cold 
can  be  broken  up  and  worked  like  free 
gold  ore.  A  small  trial  furnace  can  be 
built  of  good  fire  brick,  and  an  ordinary  ■ 
blacksmith's  bellows  will  answer  to  blow 
the  fire. 

As  the  loss  of  gold,  by  the  present  pro- 
cess of  amalgamation,  is  known  to  be  very 
great  and,  in  many  cases,  disastrous  to 
those  engaged  in  mining,  it  is  important, 
it  seems  to  me,  that  the  different  pro- 
cesses which  have  been  found  to  work 
the  best,  by  different  miners,  should  be 
made  known  to  the  public.  In  this  way 
much  good  may  be  done,  and  a  great  in- 
dustry made  more  valuable  than  it  is. 

A  Compliment. — "W.  H.  Bruckner,  author  of 
"American  Manures  and  Farmers'  and  Plan- 
ters' Guide, "  Monroe,  Michigan,  writes  : 
While  in  Philadelphia,  I  frequently  heard  the 
Scientific  Peess,  of  San  Francisco,  lauded  by 
scientific  men  who  had  lived  in  California.  I 
am  pleased  to  bear  witness  to  the  truthfulness 
of  their  statements.  That  journal  (and  Pacific 
Rueal  Peess)  reflect  no  little  credit  on  the 
publishers. 

A  Novel  Mouse  Teap. — The  Evening  Mail 
"  norates  "  that  a  mouse  in  Belfast,  Maine,  was 
found,  the  other  day,  frozen  stiff  upon  a  ham- 
mer. Investigation  showed,  that  in  picking  up 
something  that  lay  on  the  iron  head  of  the  ham- 
mer, the  tonge  of  the  mouse  had  frozen  to  it, 
and,  being  unable  to  get  away,  it  died. 


May  18,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


311 


UsEfjL     I^OF^JIQN. 


Good  and  Poor  Varnish. 

Good  varnish  is  difficult  to  get;  ono  trick  of 
the  trade  is  to  use  but  little  gum.  and  putting 
into  the  Unseed  oil,  white  vitriol  and  sugar  of 
lead,  rendering  the  oil  nearly  thick  enough  for 
varnish  before  any  gnm  is  added.  Another 
cheat  is  to  muk<-  cheap,  sticky,  worthless  stuff 
by  using  raw  oil  without  dryers;  because,  if  a 
black,  stifl",  worthless  article  dries  quickly  (and 
cracks  and  scales  quickly  also),  alight  colored, 
limpiil,  alow  drying  article  must  be  good. 

Twenty  years  ago  we  mechanics  up  here  in 
Vermont  made  our  own  varnish  and  japau;  it 
was  the  only  way  by  which  we  could  get  any- 
reliable,  In  the  meantime,  Mr.  Abbott, 
oJ  V  w  Hampshire,  got  Moses  Bigelow  to  go 
up  to  Concord  and  make  varish  for  the  carriage 
shops;  and  then  we  commenced  buying  of  Mr. 
Abbott.  Since  that  time,  we  have  had  dealings 
with  all  the  manufacturers  in  Boston  New  York, 
uud  Newark,  and,  until  the  recent  war,  gener- 
ally got  good  varnish;  but  during  the  war  adul- 
teration found  its  way  into  every  manufactory, 
and  even  to-day  a  good  article  of  varnish  is 
perhaps,  stored  in  one  cask  out  of  a  hundred, 
and  there  are  two  ways  to  get  it.  One  is  to 
make  it,  and  the  other  is  to  eschew  dealers  and 
speculators;  buy  of  the  maker,  pay  just  what 
he  asks,  and,  if  your  custom  is  worth  anything, 
you  will  get  a  good  article.  Otherwise,  doubt- 
ful. 

The  best  copal  varnish  is  made  as  follows, 
Take  three  pounds  of  tho  best  Zanzibar  copal 
gum  to  every  gallon  required,  pulverize  the  gum 
iu  an  iron  mortar,  and  then  put  it  into  a  copper 
pot  which  will  hold  double  the  quantity  re- 
quired; fit  a  cover  to  the  pot  with  a  small  hole 
in  the  cover,  through  which  to  insert  an  iron 
rod  to  stir  the  gum  when  melting;  heat  over  a 
slow  fire  uutil  thoroughly  melted,  stirring  it 
constantly  during  the  process.  In  the  mean- 
time, put  into  another  pot  and  over  another 
tire  iya  pints  of  raw  linseed  oil  to  every  pound 
of  gum  in  the  first  pot,  boiling  as  usual  for  or- 
dinary purposes,  keeping  it  hot  until  the  gum 
is  thoroughly  melted.  Then  remove  from  the 
fire  to  a  distance  of  twenty  or  thirty  feet,  pour 
the  oil  in  gardually,  stirring  at  the  same  time; 
and  while  still  hot,  add  sufficient  turpentine  to 
reduce  the  gum  to  a  propor  consistency,  which 
can  be  tested  by  dropping  a  little  from  the  end 
of  the  rod  on  s  piece  of  glass  to  cool  in  the 
air. 

The  gas  arising  from  a  hot  pot  of  varnish  is 
very  inflammable;  and  if  the  steam,  by  float- 
ing around,  reaches  the  fire,  it  will  flash  as 
quick  as  gunpowder,  and  the  face  and  hands  of 
the  workman  wall  be  burned  and  the  varnish 
set  on  fire;  therefore  remove  to  a  distance  be- 
fore adding  the  turpentine,  also  have  a  wet 
cloth  ready  to  throw  over  the  fire  in  case  of  ac- 
cident. When  all  is  mixed,  strain,  while  quite 
hot,  through  and  a  funnel  partly  filled  with 
clean  flax,  through  which  not  a  speck  of  un- 
melted  gum,  dirt,  or  settlings  will  pass.  If 
flowing  varnish  is  required,  add  a  trifle  more 
oil,  with  no  dryers  except  a  little  red  lead.  If 
hard  or  scraping  varnish  is  required,  use  but 
half  a  pint  of  oil  to  each  pound  of  gum,  and 
boil  hard  will  plenty  of  dryers. — Cor.  Sci.  Am. 

Difference  in  the  Value  of  Diamonds. — 
"While  many  can  approximate  the  value  of  a 
diamond,  few  can  appreciate  its  exact  worth. 
All  know  it  to  be  the  most  expensive  of  all  sub- 
stances (excepting  rubies  of  rare  color  and 
size),  from  its  beauty,  rarity,  and  indestructi- 
bility. The  diamond  which  first  decked  some 
fabulous  Indian  god  would  blaze  to-day  with  all 
its  fire  if  adorning  some  fair  American  woman. 
Not  a  single  sparkle  has  been  dimmed,  nor  an 
atom  of  its  weight  lost.  "Whero  the  real  diffi- 
culty exists  is  to  make  the  public  understand 
the  comparative  merits  of  various  gems.  In 
the  jeweler's  tray  many  stones  may  be  exhibit- 
ed. They  may  be  all  of  good  quality,  but  there 
is  a  decided  choice.  This  one  may  have  size 
and  purity  of  color,  yet  marred  by  a  single  flaw; 
that  one,  limpidity,  without  a  flaw,  yet  defect- 
ive in  shape;  while  a  third,  even  smaller  than 
the  other  two,  may  unite  every  desirable  qual- 
ity, be  in  fact  almost  faultless.  Combining, 
then,  every  excellence  within  itself,  its  value  is 
largely  enhanced.  The  comparison  between 
the  price  paid  for  a  horse  and  a  diamond  is  not 
an  inapt  one.  An  animal  possessing  beauty, 
health,  speed,  and  docility,  commands  a  price 
far  above  another  having  all  these,  qualities 
save  one.  It  is  precisely  the  same  case  with  a 
diamond.  A  stone  approaching  perfection  pos- 
sesses a  value  infinitely  above  one  with  a  single 
depreciating  quality. 

Phosphate  Candy. — The  restoration  of  the 
phosphorus  to  bread,  which  has  been  removed 
in  the  bran,  as  so  successfully  accomplished  in 
the  Horsford  baking  powders,  is  well  known 
both  in  this  country  and  Europe.  "We  now  hear 
of  a  novel  way  of  turning  our  national  love  of 
candy  to  similar  benefit,  by  employing  phos- 
phorus instead  of  sulphuric  acid  in  sour  drops. 
Mr.  Charles  Allen,  of  the  School  of  Mines  of 
Columbia  College,  has  invented  a  phosphated 
candy,  which  he  prepares  by  combining  one  or 
more  of  the  acids  or  salts  of  phosphorus  with 
sugar,  thus  ingeniously  presenting  as  accepta- 
ble form  of  assimilable  phosphorus  to  those 
who  need  some  repair  of  the  nervous  and  brain 
forces.  It  is  a  plesent  way  of  taking  phos- 
phorus as  a  medicine,  and  has  been  deemed 
worthy  of  a  patent. 


A    Method    of    Observing    Vibrating 
Flames. 

A  cotemporary  givesa  description  of  a  simple 
apparatus  for  observing  the  phenomena  of  vi- 
brating or  Bounding  flames.  A  disk  of  white 
card  hoard  is  constructed  with  oblong  apertures 
in  a  radial  direction;  this  is  set  upon  a  spindle 
so  as  to  admit  of  rotation  at  the  requisit  speed. 

To  examine  the  tlarae  of  a  gus  light,  for  in- 
stance i  the  Harms  being  protected  by  a  glass 
tube  from  tin  disturbing  effects  of  air  currents), 
place  the  disk  in  front  of  the  light,  su  that  tin 
eye  can  see  the  light  through  each  slit  as  it 
comes  to  tho  vertical  position.  If  now  the  speed 
of  tho  disks'  rotation  is  such  that  the  interval  of 
time  between  two  slits  passing  the  eye  is  just 
equal  to  the  periud  of  a  vibration  of  the  flames, 
the  flame  appears  to  be  motionless;  bvit  if  this 
velocity  of  rotation  be  reduced,  the  flames  will 
be  observed  to  pass  slowly  through  its  changes 
of  form.  If  the  interval  is  one-half,  or  one-third 
of  the  period  of  the  vibration  of  the  flame,  the 
illusion  of  a  disk  having  iwo  or  three  times  tho 
Qtunbei  of  real  slits  will  be  produced.  Itisouly 
when  the  periods  of  flame-vibration  and  of  the 
over  lapping  of  two  successive  slits  coincide  in 
time,  that  the  flame  and  diskappeor  motionless; 
when  this  is  otherwise,  the  disk  revolves  in  one 
direction  or  the  other. 

This  plan  affords  a  ready  moans  of  counting 
the  number  of  vibrations  of  a  flame,  and  by  sub- 
stituting a  wire  for  the  vibrating  flame,  the  spi- 
ral course  of  the  undulations  produced  in  it  may 
likewise  be  observed.  Mr.  CharleB  Watson, 
who  has  described  the  experiment,  has  made 
some  very  accurate  observations  upon  the  times 
of  vibrations  of  flames  within  tubes  of  differ- 
ent dimensions. — Jour.  Franlclin  Institute. 


Qood  H^V-TH- 


Enamel  fob  Coppee  Cooking  Utensils. — A 
preparation  for  coating  copper  vessels  used  in 
cooking,  especially  for  cooking  acid  fruits  which 
attack  the  copper,  forming  so-called  verdigris, 
may  be  made  as  follows:  12  parts  white  fluor- 
spar, 12  parts  unburnt  gypsum,  1  partpowdered 
borax'  all  intimately  mixed  and  fused  in  a  cru- 
cible. The  fused  mass  is  then  poured  out,  and 
after  cooling  triturated  with  water  to  a  doughy 
paint.  The  copper  vessel  is  painted  inside  and 
put  in  a  warm  place,  so  that  the  mass  dries  uni- 
formly throughout.  When  thoroughly  dried 
the  vessels  are  baked,  if  small,  in  a  muffel'  if 
large,  in  an  oven,  until  the  mass  is  fused.  On 
cooling  it  forms  a  white,  opaque  enamel,  which 
adheres  very  strongly  to  the  copper,  and  is  not 
removed  by  ordinary  blows  or  percussion,  and 
protects  the  vessel  from  the  action  of  vegetable 
acids.  Vessels  thus  coated  may  be  used  for 
preparing  piokles,  sauer-kraut,  etc.,  without 
danger  of  copper  poison. 

Use  of  Soluble  Glass  in  Painting. — Our  ex- 
changes still  continue  to  suggest  new  applica- 
tion of  water  glass  in  the  arts;  but  especially  in 
painting  where  it  appears  to  furnish  a  means  of 
applying  certain  colors  to  fresh  wood  or  clean 
iron  in  a  most  efficient  manner,  and  at  a  very 
slight  cost  compared  with  oil.  It  can  also  be 
used  advantageously  for  painting  houses,  basket 
ware,  decorations  for  theaters,  etc.,  and  is  es- 
pecially suitable  in  the  latter  case,  as  it  renders 
wood  incombustible  to  a  certain  extent,  instead 
of  increasing  the  danger  from  fire,  as  with  oil 
paint.  Care  must,  of  course,  be  taken  to  use 
only  such  mineral  colors  as  are  not  decomposed 
by  the  glass,  such  as  ultramarine,  chrome-green. 
Nuremberg-green,  yellow  and  red  earth,  ochre, 
green-earth,  terra  de  Sienna,  etc.  In  ^coating 
paper  with  this  paint,  a  little  glycerinemay  be 
added  to  prevent  its  breaking.  Corralline,  bon- 
ceau,  and  Vesuvine  have  also  been  used  to  ad- 
vantage in  connection  with  soluble  glass. — Har- 
per's Magazine. 


To  Coat  Zinc  "With  Ieon. — The  objects  of 
zinc  are  dipped  in  a  warm  solution  of  150 
grammes  sulphate  of  iron,  90  grms.  salammo- 
niac  and  2%  kilograms  of  boiling  water.  The 
sulphate  of  iron  must  be  free  from  copper. 
They  are  boiled  from  one  to  15  minutes,  taken 
out  and  the  irori  deposited  removed  with  water 
and  a  brush.  This  first  operation  has  for  its 
sole  object  a  thorough  cleaning  of  the  zinc. 
They  are  again  placed  in  a  warm  sulphuric  bath 
and  afterward  heated.  They  are  thus  covered 
with  a  fresh  black  coating.  "Without  being 
washed  they  are  put  on  a  brasier  of  glowing 
coals  and  heated  as  long  as  sal-ammonia  fumes 
are  given  off,  which  requires  but  a  short  time. 


Heat  as  a  Poison. 

One  of  the  French  journals  gives  an  account 
of  some  curious  experiments  by  M.  Claude 
Bernard  on  the  effects  of  heat  upon  animals. 
It  appears  from  these  that  heat,  when  it  attains 
too  high  a  degree,  acts  like  a  poison,  and  de- 
stroys feeling  and  motion.  It  seems  to  act  di- 
rectly on  the  muscular  element;  and  the  loss  of 
muscular  power  necossarially  produces  death 
by  arresting  the  action  of  the  heart  and  circula- 
tion. The  degree  of  heat  which  must  not  be 
exceeded  for  cold-blooded  animals  is  from  11  ■>' 
to  120°  F.,  for  mammalia  128°  to  131°,  for 
birds  140^  to  145°.  In  each  case  the  maximum 
difl'ers  by  a  few  degress  only  from  the  animal's 
normal  temperature. 

There  is,  then,  an  inward  medium,  the  tem- 
perature of  which  is  kept  up  by  that  of  the 
blood — a  certain  atmosphere  of  heat,  so  to 
speak,  which  should  remain  unalterable.  The 
artificial  increase  of  this  heat  leads  to  the  most 
serious  consequences  as  soon  as  it  exceeds  a 
very  few  degrees. 

To  what  particular  poisons,  then,  can  heat  be 
assimilated?  Those  must  be  sought  which  have 
a  direct  action  upon  the  contractile  muscular 
element,  such  as  theantkir  (the  milky  sap  of  the 
Upas  antiar),  the  vas,  and  the corical,  American 
vegetable  poisons.  These  substances,  proba 
bly,  have  the  same  chemical  action  upon  the 
blood  as  heat. 

The  precise  action  of  heat  upon  the  blood  is 
thus  stated  by  M.  Bernard:  The  blood  of  an 
animal  killed  by  heat  becomes  black,  the  oxy- 
gen it  contains  is  rapidly  transformed  into  car- 
bonic acid,  and  finally  disappears.  This  is  not 
a  true  toxical  action,  but  rather  an  excitement 
of  the  vital  and  normal  properties  of  the  red 
particles.  The  black  blood  of  the  rabbit  killed 
by  heat  is  still  living;  it  absorbs  oxygen  by  con- 
tact with  the  air,  and  again  becomes  ruddy,  if 
the  experiment  is  tried  in  time.  Between  107° 
and  190°  F.,  however,  the  blood  coagulates, 
loses  its  vital  properties,  and  cannot  again  be- 
come red. 

Heat  above  a  certain  degree  kills  the  muscles 
without  killing  the  blood.  The  chemical  char- 
acter of  this  poisoning  of  the  muscles  by  heat  is 
the  most  obscure  part  of  the  subject.  It  now 
remains  for  chemists  to  analyze  the  phenomena 
which  accompany  the  muscular  rigidity  and 
cessation  of  motion  produced  by  heat,  and  thus 
to  solve  the  problem  of  the  precise  action  of 
this  poison,  as  they  have  done  in  tthe  case  of 
certain  others. 

Sunstroke. — Dr.  George  H.  Hope,  M.D.,  in 
his  work,  entitled  "Till  the  Doctor  Comes  and 
Hoio  to  Help  Sim,"  gives  the  following  direc- 
tions for  the  treatment  of  sunstroke  until  med 
ical  aid  can  be  obtained:  Sunstroke,  is  a  sud- 
den prostration  due  to  long  exposure  to  great 
heat,  especially  when  one  is  much  fatigued  or 
exhausted.  It  commonly  happens  from  undue 
exposure  to  the  sun's  rays  in  summer,  but  I 
have  seen  the  same  effects  produced  in  a  baker 
from  the  great  heat  of  the  bake-room.  It  be- 
gins with  pain  in  the  head  or  dizziness,  quickly 
followed  by  loss  of  consciousness  and  complete 
prostration.  Sometimes,  however,  the  attack 
is  as  sudden  as  a  stroke  of  apoplexy.  The  head 
is  often  burning  hot,  the  face  dark  and  swollen, 
the  breathing  labored  and  snoring,  and  the  ex- 
tremities cold.  Take  the  patient  at  once  to  a 
cool  and  shady  place,  but  don't  carry  him  far 
to  a  house  or  hospital.  Loosen  the  clothes 
thoroughly  about  his  neck  and  waist.  Lay  him 
down  with  the  head  a  little  raised.  Apply  wet 
cloths  to  the  head,  and  mustard  or  turpentine 
to  the  calves  of  the  legs  and  the  soles  of  the 
feet.  Give  a  little  weak  whisky  and  water  if 
he  can  swallow.  Meanwhile  let  some  one  go 
for  the  doctor.  You  cannot  safely  do  more 
than  I  have  said  without  his  advice. 


Prescribing  for  Infants. 

The  following  sensible  hints  on  this  subject 
are  from  a  lecture  by  Prof.  J.  O'Reilly,  pub- 
lished in  the  American  Practitioner  for  April 
1872:  There  are  two  points  in  the  general 
medication  of  children  to  which  I  wish  especi- 
ally to  call  your  attention.  One  is  the  sub- 
ject of  thirst,  the  other  is  the  intervals  at  which 
medicine  should  be  given. 

In  quite  a  Dumber  of  infantile  diseases  the 
stomach  is  very  capricious,  and  to  keep  it  quiet 
is  one  of  our  greatest  troubles.  This  difficulty 
isoften  caused  by  the  attendant  not  understand- 
ing tho  difference  between  hunger  and  thirst. 
The  sick  child  is  fretful,  and  cries  and  pulls 
at  its  mother's  breast;  and  she,  willing  to 
do  anything  that  soothes  it,  permits  it  to  nurse. 
It  sucks,  and  in  a  few  moments  rejects  the  milk; 
bat  cries  again,  ami  the  mother  again  yields  it 
the  breast  only  to  Lave  the  stomach  again  re- 
ject its  contents,  and  thus  the  ti^ht  goes  on  un- 
til the  infant  is  exhausted.  The  doctor  gives 
medicine  to  quiet  the  irritable  stomach,  and  the 
mother  counteracts  its  effect  by  over  feeding. 

What  I  wish  to  express  is  the  fact  that  the 
child  is  not  hungry;  it  does  not  want  the  breast; 
but  is  thirsty  and  wants  drink.  In  health  the 
breast  is  food  and  drink, but  in  disease  the  crav- 
ing is  that  of  thirst,  not  of  hunger,  and  tho 
stomach  which  rejects  the  milk  because  it  is 
unable  to  digest  it  would  be  calmed  by  a  cool 
beverage.  In  other  words,  were  water  given  to 
the  child  in  the  place  of  the  breast,  the  stomach 
would  be  relieved,  and  in  many  cases  the  child 
saved.  This  difference  between  thirst  and  hun- 
ger in  the  infant  is  a  point  well  worth  noting. 

Medicine  should  be  given  to  infants-  in  small 
but  often-repeated  doses.  The  interval  should 
be  only  half  as  long  as  that  for  the  adult.  The 
reason  for  this  is  that  the  digestive  organs  of 
the  infant  act  much  more  rapidly  than  those  of 
the  adult,  and  a  medicine  to  have  its  effect  kept 
up  must  be  supplied  in  accordance  with  its  en- 
trance into  and  disappearance  from  the  sys- 
tem. 


Three  Methodsof  Preparing  Plaster  Casts. 
First,  varnish  them  over  with  shellac,  and  the 
plaster,  when  poured  in,  will  not  adhere  to  the 
sides.  Second,  let  the  plaster  cast  absorb  some 
hot  bees'  wax,  which  can  be  applied  by  means 
of  a  paint  brush.  Third,  oil  them  with  sweet 
oil  till  they  will  not  absorb,  and  let  them  dry 
thoroughly  before  using.  Or  brush  them  over 
with  melted  white  wax,  and  keep  moulds  hot, 
so  that  all  wax  is  absorbed. 


Red  or  Blue  Stamping  Ink. — An  excellent 
red  or  blue  stamping  ink  can  be  prepared  by 
making  a  saturated  solution  of  fuchsin  or  sub- 
lime blue  with  pure  glycerine,  and  adding  af- 
terwards for  the  red  color  madder  cake,  and 
ultramarine  for  the  blue,  thickening  with 
enough  dextrine  to  give  the  desired  consistency. 
This  color  possesses  all  the  peculiarities  which 
are  required  for  good  stamping  ink. 

Male  and  Female  Voices. — Glashier,  an 
aeronaut,  says  that  the  voice  of  a  woman  can 
be  heard  in  a  balloon  when  at  the  hight  of  two 
miles,  while  that  of  a  man  cannot  be  heard 
when  higher  than  a  mile. 


Bisulphite  of  Soda  in  Throat  Diseases.— 
Dr.  Tyrell,  in  the  Pacific  Medical  Journal,  com 
mends,  as  a  new  remedy  in  this  class  of  affec- 
tions, bisulphite  of  soda,  given  in  large  and 
continuous  doses.  Diptheria.inflammation  of  the 
tonsils,  and  quinsy,  though  local  exhibitions, 
have  their  source  in  poisonous  fermentations  of 
the  blood,  the  same  as  scarlet  fever  and  other 
zymotic  diseases.  It  is  held  that  salt  prescribed 
enters  into  the  circulation  and  retards  putre- 
factive fermentation.  Dr.  T.  failed  of  success 
when  he  administered  it  in  small  doses  and  in 
three  hour  intervals;  but  when  he  gave  thirty 
grain  doses  every  hour,  day  and  night,  so  as  to 
saturate  the  system  with  the  salt,  he  was  al- 
most invariably  successful  in  removing  all  the 
severe  symptoms  in  twenty-four  hours.  He 
asks  physicians  to  give  this  medicine  a  trial, 
that  the  curative  effects  may  have  more  extend- 
ed proofs. 

Consumption. — The  late  Dr.  Marshall  Hall, 
of  England,  said:  If  I  were  seriously  ill  of 
consumption,  I  would  live  out  doors  day  and 
night,  except  in  rainy  weather  or  mid- winter; 
then  I  would  sleep  in  an  unplastered  log  house. 
Physic  has  no  nutriment,  gasping  for  air  cannot 
cure  you;  monkey  capers  in  a  gymnasium  can- 
not cure  you,  and  stimulants  cannot  cure  you 
What  consumptives  want  is  air,  not  physic- 
pure  air,  not  medicated  ah- — plenty  of  meat  and 
bread. 

Scarlet  Fever. -A  Brooklyn  physician  consid- 
ers Turkey  tigs,  boiled  in  water,  so  as  to  make 
a  sort  of  tea,  and  mixed  with  a  little  fresh  brew- 
er's yeast,  a  specific  remedy  for  scarlet  fever. 
He  recommends  that  this  simple  preparation  be 
used  as  food,  drink  and  medicine.    Try  it. 


The  Limit  op  Longevity  —  Information 
Wanted  from  California. — Sir  Henry  Holland, 
in  his  interesting  "Becollections  of  Past  Life," 
just  reprinted,  refers  to  the  question  whether 
there  is  any  trustworthy  evidence  of  any  human 
life  longer  than  a  century.  He  himselfbelieves 
that  there  have  been  well  authenticated  instan- 
ces of  the  kind.  In  the  report  of  the  Irish 
Registrar-General  for  the  third  quarter  of  1871, 
the  death  of  six  centenarians  are  recorded.  The 
Registrar  of  Cookstown  District  reports  the 
death  of  a  woman  aged  102,  and  a  man  108,  and 
says:  "I  have  made  careful  inquiry  respecting 
these  two  cases,  and  have  no  reason  to  think 
their  ages  are  exoggerated;  both  are  remem- 
bered as  '  old  people  '  by  individuals  long  past 
their  climacteric."  In  the  Dervock  District, 
Ballymoney  Union,  the  Registrar  reports  "a 
death  at  the  advanced  age  of  105  years,  authen- 
ticated." 

It  is  stated  in  several  medical  journals  of  re- 
cent date  that  "  Harvey  Thacker,  who  died  re- 
cently in  California,  was  128  years  old  at  the 
time  of  his  death."  If  there  is  satisfactory 
evidence  of  this  extraordinary  longevity,  it 
would  be  interesting  to  know  more  about  it. — 
Eastern  Excltange. 

Varying  Effects  of  Poisons  on  Different 
Animals. — It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  what  is 
poison  to  one  animal  may  be  taken  by  another 
with  entire  impunity.  In  illustration  of  this 
proposition,  we  are  informed  that  strychnine, 
so  fatal  to  most  animals,  may  be  eaten  by  cer- 
tain species  of  monkeys  with  perfect  safety.  In 
the  case  of  an  East  India  monkey,  known  as  the 
{Presbytis  entelhis),  one  grain  was  first  concealed 
in  a  piece  of  cucumber,  which  was  eaten  by  the 
animal  with  no  apparent  effect.  Three  grains 
were  afterward  given,  and  with  the  same  result. 
To  test  the  strychnine  used,  three  grains  were 
administered  to  a  dog,  which  proved  almost  im- 
mediately fatal.  Another  Indian  monkey, 
known  as  the  pouch-cheek  monkey,  has  been 
found  to  be  more  susceptible  than  the  Lungoor, 
but  not  so  much  as  the  dog. 

It  is  also  stated  that  pigeons  can  take  opium 
in  large  quantities  with  no  injurious  conse- 
quence; goats,  tobacco ;  and  rabbits,  belladonna, 
stramonium  and  hyoscyamus. 

The  Hoosac  Tunnel,  according  to  recent  of- 
ficial report,  has  up  to  December  31st,  1861,  re- 
quired an  expenditure  of  $6,335,332,  exclusive 
of  interest.  When  the  present  contractors  as- 
sumed the  management,  9,341  feet  had  been 
opened,  and  on  December  1st,  1871,  the  work 
had  been  advanced  by  7,737  feet,  making  a  total 
of  17,078  feet,  and  leaving  7,953  feet  to  be  ex- 
cavated. The  central  shaft  has  been  finished, 
and  the  work  is  now  going  on  at  four  faces  of 
therock ;  much  more  rapid  progress  in  the  future 
is  anticipated.  The  tunnel,  it  is  hoped,  will  be 
finished  by  March  1874. 

Stag  Pills. — Pills  "purely  vegetable,"  have 
been  a  popular  nostrum  in  this  country,  but  in 
the  Celestial  Empire  those  of  a  thoroughly  ani- 
mal character  appear  to  be  in  demand.  A  Chi- 
nese druggist  at  Ningpo  invites  the  public  to 
swallow  "  Pills  manufactured  out  of  a  whole 
stag,  slaughtered  with  purity  of  purpose,  on  a 
propitious  day."  The  wealthy  wholesale  drag- 
gists  are  in  the  habit  of  purchasing  large  and 
handsome  stags,  which  they  expose  in  a  pen  at 
the  door  of  the  shop  until  "  a  propitious  day  " 
is  selected  for  the  animal's  conversion  into  pills, 
when  he  is  deliberately  pounded  entire  into 
pulp,  from  which  pills  are  made. 


312 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  18,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER * Senior  Editoe. 

DEWEY  «fc  CO.,  Tiibllsliers. 

A    T.  DEWEY,                                                              GK0-  H*  BTROnQ, 
W.  B.  EWEE.  JKO.  L.  BOOKE. 

Offloe,  No.  333  Montgomery  St.,  S.  B.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
■Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advehtising  Rateh. — lwee/c.   lmonth.    3  months,   lyear. 

Perline 25  .80  S2.00         $5.00 

One-half  inch 81.00        $3.00  7.50         20.00 

Oneinch 2.00  5.00  14.00  38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Speojal  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
In  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
Inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance — For  one  year,  $4: 
six  months,  $2.50;  three  months,  SI  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  postpaid,  per  year, 
£1  3a. ;  6  monthB,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion. Is. ;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates.  

Illustrations  and  Reports  of  Mining  Enterprises 
Wanted.— Drawings  or  photographs  of  mining  works  that 
are  of  general  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  journal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  ana 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  or  special  interest, 
are  also  desired.  Sketches  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  very  accentahle. 


@£tn  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  May  18,  1878 


Gold  and  Leg-al  Tender  Bates. 

San  Francisco,  Wednesday,  May  15, 1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying,  89;  selling,  90.  Gold  in  Mew  Tort 
to-day,  113% .  


Table  of  Contents. 

EDITORIALS— The  New  Mineral  Land  Law;  Corpor- 
ate and  Individual  Mining,  305.  About  Patents, 
Page  312- 

LLLUSTRVTIONS—  McDonell's  Propeller,  305 
Lusher's  Vegetable  Cutter,  310.  Diagram  of  Chilian 
MineB.  313. 

CORRESPONDENCE  -Vein  Phenomena  —  Concluded  : 
San  Diego  Mines,  306- 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Russia  Sheet  Iron;  The 
Hammer  vs.  the  Rolls;  Glass-Lined  Wiiter  Pipe,  307. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— The  Marvels  of  Nature;  Th( 
Reproduction  of  Eels;  The  Phosphate  Sewage  Process; 
Geological  Survey  of  Montana,  307- 

MINING  SUMMARY— Reports  from  mineB  in  various 
States,  Counties  andDistricts:  Stock  Reports:  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 
308-9. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Good  and  Poor  Varnish: 
Difference  in  the  Value  of  Diamonds;  A  Method  of 
Observing  Vibrating  Flames;  Enamel  for  Go  per  Cook- 
ing Utensils;  Use  of  Soluble  Glass  in  Painting,  311 

GOOD  HEALTH. — Heat  as  a  Poison;  Sunstroke;  Bisul 
phite  of  Soda  in  Throat  Diseases;  Prescribing  for 
Infants;  The  Limit  of  Longevity:  Varying  Effects  oi 
Poisons  on  Different  animals,  311. 

DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.— Cooking  Eggs;  Strawberry 
Syrup;  Workingmen's  Dinners;  Lemon  Syrup;  Se- 
lected Receipts,  315. 

MISCELLANEOUS— The  Great  Bonanza,  306.  The 
Hot  Springs  and  Geysers  of  Montana — Concluded  : 
Working  Gold  Ores  in  North  Carolina.  310.  U.  S. 
Mining  Laws;  Newlncorporitions,  316. 


Engaged  in  a  New  Enterprise.  — 
W.  H.  Murray,  our  long-time  correspond- 
ent and  special  agent,  whose  busines  con- 
nections for  the  past  four  years,  has  made 
him  familiar  with  the  wants  of  a  larger 
portion  of  the  mercantile  men  and  firms  of 
the  Pacific  Coast,  than  any  other  person 
of  our  acquaintance,  will  be  the  business 
manager  of  a  new  monthly  paper  now  issu- 
ing, "  The  Pacific  Coast  Mercantile  Di- 
rector." 


Geological  Survey. — Messrs.  Goodyear 
and  Cooper  of  the  State  Geological  Survey, 
are  at  present  engaged  in  making  re- 
searches in  the  vicinity  of  San  Diego,  be 
tween  that  place  and  the  Lower  California 
border. 


The  town  of  "Wadsworth  is  said  to  present  a 
very  lively  appearance  lately.  Large  quanti 
ties  of  freight  are  received  and  the  teams  are 
busy,  making    good  times  for  the    merchants. 

Wm.  Eagan  was  severely  injured  by  a 
premature  blast,  recently,  in  the  claims  of 
McKillican  &  Co.,  at  North  Bloomfield. 


A  large  steamship  is  being  built  for  the 
Japanese  Government  in  one  of  the  Brook- 
lyn shipyards. 

Professor  Tyndall,  it  is  said,  has  de- 
cided on  a  lecturing  tour  through  the 
United  States  during  this  year. 

N.  P.  Langford,  of  Montana,  has  been 
appointed  Superintendent  of  the  Yellow- 
stone Natural  Park. 


The  Carson  mint  coined  and  stamped  gold 
bars  valued  at  $1,107,163  in  April. 

On  File. — Gold  vs.   Silver  Mining,    Ophir, 
Utah. 


About  Patents. 

Muoh  has  been  reoently  said  about  var- 
ious patent  systems,  of  civilized  countries; 
and  the  general  impression  seems  to  pre- 
vail, that  the  Amerioan  system  with  some 
modifications,  is  better  adapted  to  promote 
the  interests  of  science  and  progress,  than 
that  of  any  other  country.  We  need  no 
better  proof  of  this  fact,  than  the  immense 
number  of  patents  annually  granted  in  the 
United  States. 

Many  of  these  patents,  doubtless,  are  en- 
tirely worthless,  and  neither  benefit  the 
patentee  nor  the  community;  indeed,  in 
many  instances,  they  are  a  drawback  to 
the  progress  of  particular  branches  of  in- 
dustry, but  this  oan  readily  be  obviated. 
A  system  of  taxes  on  patents,  say  at  the 
end  of  the  third  and  seventh  years  of  their 
existence,  similar  to  that  practiced  in  Great 
Britain,  would,  doubtless,  "weed  out" 
most  of  these  worthless  and  unprofitable 
patents,  and  leave  the  field  open  for  im- 
provers. We  do  not  advocate  a  heavy  tax, 
but  on  the  other  hand  would  make  the  first 
cost  of  a  patent  as  light  upon  the  inventor 
as  possible,  and  then  require  a  small  fee 
at  the  end  of  the  third  year,  and  another 
at  the  end  of  the  seventh. 

As  the  law  now  stands,  an  inventor,  in 
order  to  protect  himself,  must  procure  his 
patent,  and  if  the  invention  should  prove 
worthless,  that  patent  holds  good  for  the 
full  term  of  seventeen  years,  whether  it  be 
worked  or  not.  If  a  person  attempts,  dur- 
ing that  time,  to  improve  upon  the  inven- 
tion, he  finds  his  labor  lost,  as  the  worth- 
less patent  covers  sufficient  ground,  to  en- 
title the  holder  to  stop  the  later  invention, 
thus  the  wheels  are  blocked,  and  neither 
of  the  patentees  derive  any  benefit  from 
the  invention,  while  the  publio  are  de- 
prived of  its  use.  The  original  patentee, 
liaving  held  his  patent  for  several  years, 
without  receiving  any  benefit  therefrom, 
and  knowing  that  the  improver's  machine 
cannot  be  made  or  sold  without  infringing 
the  first  patent,  will,  generally,  fix  a  price 
upon  his  patent,  equal  to  what  he  thinks 
he  should  have  made  out  of  the  invention, 
if  he  had  controlled  a  first-class  machine . 
This  difficulty,  which  we  consider  the 
worst  feature  of  our  American  patent  law, 
can  be  effectually  avoided,  by  the  plan 
above  proposed,  as  there  would  probably 
not  be  one  instance  in  fifty,  in  which  the 
holder  of  a  worthless  or  non-productive 
patent,  would  put  himself  to  the  trouble 
and  expense,  of  paying  the  tax,  when  it 
becomes  due;  and  thus,  his  patent  would 
fall,  and  the  claims  be  free  to  be  used  by 
the  next  improver. 

Another  difficulty,  which,  in  our  judg- 
ment, should  be  remedied,  is  the  entire 
absence  from  the  letters  patent  issued  by 
the  Patent  Office,  of  any  indication  as  to 
the  relation  which  the  invention  occupies 
in  the  art  to  which  it  pertains.  In  other 
words,  we  believe,  that  the  government 
should  endorse  upon  each  patent  issued, 
the  numbers,  and  dates,  of  all  prior  patents 
with  which  a  conflict  is  shown.  For  in- 
stance: A  invents  and  patents  a  peculiar  con- 
struction of  steam  plow.  B  afterwards  pa- 
tents improvements  upon  the  same  machine, 
which  are  worthless  without  he  first  ac- 
quires the  right  from  A,  to  use  what  A  has 
previously  claimed.  Now,  we  contend, 
that  B's  patent,  should  be  so  issued,  that 
it  will  show  upon  its  face,  that  it  is  an  im- 
provement on  A's  machine,  and  that  A's 
right  must  be  acquired,  or  privileges  ob- 
tained from  him,  in  order  to  admit  of  the 
patent  being  legally  worked.  This  is  nec- 
essary in  order  to  sustain  a  good  and  whole- 
some reputation  for  our  patented  inven- 
tions, and  to  prevent  purchasers  from 
blindly  buying  and  paying  a  large  sum  of 
money  for  a  patent  covering  only  improve- 
ments on  a  former  patented  machine,  un- 
der the  belief,  that  the  patent  covers  the 
entire  machine.  Such  transactions  tend 
to  bring  our  patent  system  into  disrepute, 


and  cause  our  people  to  look  with  distrust 
upon  all  patented  inventions. 

Every  patent,  before  it  is  issued,  or  even 
granted,  is  subjected,  or  should  be,  under 
the  law,  to  a  rigid  and  thorough  examina- 
tion, in  order  to  test  its  novelty.  This  ex- 
amination, it  is  understood — and  we  have 
no  reason  to  doubt  its  truth — is  made  by 
examiners,  thoroughly  competent  to 
judge  of  the  relation  which  the  case  under 
examination  bears  to  every  patent  previ- 
ously granted  in  that  class.  Now,  this  be- 
ing the  case,  it  will  require  no  extra 
amount  of  work,  to  mark  each  patent  with 
an  abstract  of  the  cases  upon  which  its  ex- 
istence depends.  This  would  not  only 
benefit  the  inventor,  by  providing  him 
with  a  memorandum  of  previous  patents, 
so  that  he  could  avoid  infringments,  and 
the  consequent  lawsuits,  but  also  benefits 
the  entire  community  who  are  liable  to  be- 
come innocent  purchasers  of  a  worthless 
patent  or  a  lawsuit. 

We  commend  this  idea  to  the  Depart- 
ment at  Washington,  and  believe  that  if  it 
were  adopted  it  would  advance  the  interest 
of  patents  more  than  any  other  change  or 
addition  which  can  be  made  on  our  pres- 
ent system. 

It  would  be  a  great  advantage  as  well  as 
a  satisfaction  to  applicants  for  patents  if 
the  Patent  Office  would  send  to  every  ap- 
plicant whose  case  is  rejeoted,  a  copy  of 
the  specifications  and  drawings  of  the  ref- 
erences given  as  meeting  his  case.  This 
oan  be  done  at  a  very  slight  expense  since 
the  office  commenced  to  print  the  speci- 
fications and  photo-lithograph  the  draw- 
ings, and  the  advantage  to  inventors 
would  be  immense.  It  is  a  well  known 
fact  that  a  large  number  of  rejected  cases 
now  laying  in  the  office  were  in  reality 
patentable  at  the  time  that  the  applica- 
tion was  made,  and  the  inventor  relying 
upon  the  dictum  of  the  examiner  and  the 
assertion  of  his  agent,  perhaps,  allowed  the 
case  to  lay  until  it  became  forfeited; 
whereas,  if  he  had  been  shown  a  specifica- 
tion and  drawing  of  the  reference  he  conld 
have  readily  pointed  out  material  points  of 
difference  upon  which  a  patent  would 
have  been  granted.  Besides,  if  a  case  is 
properly  rejected,  there  is  no  more  con- 
vincing argumentthat  suchis  the  fact  than 
to  show  the  applicant  the  previous  patent. 
In  view  of  the  insignificance  of  the  ex- 
pense, and  the  immense  amount  of  benefit 
to  be  derived  by  applicants  for  patents  by 
thus  furnishing  them  with  the  oopies  of 
the  patents  upon  which  they  are  rejected, 
we  certainly  think  that  it  ought  to  be  done. 

We  propose,  in  the  future  numbers  of 
the  Press,  to  give  further  views  of  our 
Patent  Law  System,  and  make  such  sug- 
gestions as  appear  to  us  to  be  greatly 
needed  for  the  better  protection,  educa- 
tion, and  satisfaction  of  inventors. 


Minerals,  Etc. — We  have  received 
from  W.  C.  McDougall,  a  large  box  con- 
taining a  number  of  interesting  speci- 
mens. Among  them  are  quite  a  number  of 
beautiful  petrifactions;  volcanio  sands; 
pieces  of  lava  and  volcanic  rocks;  quartz 
crystals;  a  number  of  pieces  of  moss  agate; 
a  very  beautiful  and  large  specimen  of 
sulphate  of  lime;  a  sort  of  clay  which  .our 
correspondent  thinks  will  do  for  furnace 
purposes,  but  from  the  sample  shown  as 
having  been  in  a  cooking-stove  fire,  which 
is  cracked,  we  do  not  think  it  would  stand 
much  heat;  also  some  rattle-snakes'  rattles 
and  a  number  of  geological  specimens 
which  are  not  very  rare.  Mr.  McDougall 
has  also  sent  us  in  a  small  box  a  live  tar- 
rantula  in  his  domicil  which  is  of  the  most 
ingenious  construction  and  a  description 
of  which  we  will  give  with  an  illustration 
shortly. 

Quicksilver. — According  to  the  Com- 
mercial Herald,  the  price  of  quicksilver 
has  advanced  £2  per  flask,  in  London,with 
only  about  1,000  flasks  in  the  hands  of 
Bothschilds  agents.  The  price  isnot  likely 
to  be  any  lower  here.  The  Herald  has  also 
been  informed  that  a  new  agency  has  been 
established  for  the  sale  of  the  product  of 
the  Almaden  mines,  and  that  an  offer  of 
$50  per  flask  has  been  offered  and  refused, 
for  the  total  product  of  the  mine. 

Nevada  Items. — A' dispatch  from  Hamilton 
dated  the  13th  says  that  the  books  were  opened 
that  day,  and  all  the  stock  of  the  Eastern  Ne- 
vada Railroad  subscribed.  The  bulk  of  the 
stock  is  wanted  by  a  certain  banking  syndicate 
and  was  subscribed  for  by  its  agent.  The 
mortgage  bonds  and  all  other  papers  have  been 
perfected  and  sent  forward.  The  President  of 
the  Company  goes  on  to  Brussels,  on  receipt 
of  these  papers,  in  New  "York,  to  draw  the  two 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  now  on  de- 
posit awaiting  his  arrival. 


Spectacles. — We  notice  that  Ir.C.  Muller 
optician  and  dealer  in  the  Brazilian  Pebble, 
and  all  other  kinds  of  spectacles,  has  removed 
to  135  Montgomery  street,  opposite  the  Occi- 
dental Hotel.  He  makes  the  fitting  of  specta- 
cles to  the  eye,  a  speciality. 


Miners'  Strike. — Some  1,500  miners  in 
the  Lake  Superior  Mining  District  have 
"struck,"  driven  other  men  from  work 
and  threatened  destruction  of  the  mining 
property  and  death  to  the  owners,  agents 
and  superintendents.  The  Governor  has 
called  out  the  military  to  suppress  the 
disturbance. 


The  Abctio  Expedition,  under  M.  Octave 
Pavy,  will  leave  this  city,  on  the  25th  inst.,  in 
search  of  the  open  Polar  Sea.  It  is  proposed 
to  cross  "Wrangles  Land,  on  sledges,  and  since 
M.  Pavy  has  perfect  confidence  in  his  plans,  a 
rubber  raft  will  be  taken  to  navigate  this  sea  to 
the  coast  of  Greenland,  where  ships  will  be 
sent  to  meet  him. 


Mining  Accidents.  —  The  Mountain 
Messenger  records  the  death  of  Walter 
Fay,  who  was  killed  by  a  cave  in  the 
American  Company's  diggings,  at  Morris- 
town,  last  week.  He  was  not  taken  una- 
wares, but  did  not  think  the  cave  would 
run  so  far. 


fATENTS  &  INVENTIONS. 


Los  Angeles  Dispatches. — La  Grange  and 
party  have  returned  from  Death  Valley  and 
report  having  organized  the  Abe  "Watts  Mining 
District,  ten  miles  from,  and  the  nearest  dist- 
rict to,  that  famous  locality. 


Acknowledgment. — Hon.  Cornelius  Cole  has 
our  thanks  for  Congressional  publications,  in- 
cluding the  Keport  of  the  Commissioner  of  Ag- 
riculture for  the  year  1870,  and  the  monthly 
reports  for  March  and  April  of  1872. 

Boone's  Patent  Tie. — A  sample  of 
Boon's  patent  railroad  tie,  which  was  illus- 
trated in  the  Scientific  Press  recently, 
may  be  seen  at  our  office,  338  Montgomery 
street.     

A  Daily  stage  line  is  shortly  to  be  established 
between  Hamilton  and  Pioche. 


A  premium  sweet  potato  in  Louisiana  weighed 
sixteen  pounds,  and  measured,  in  circumference 
twenty-four  inches. 


Full  List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to 
Pacifio   Coast    Inventors. 


[Fbom  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  h  CO.,  U.  S.  and 

Foreign  Patent  Agents,  and  Publishers   of 

the  Scientific  Press.] 

Fob   the  Week   Ending   April   23d,  1872. 

Nozzle. — Randolph  R.  Craig  and  Joseph  Craig,  Nevada 
City,  Cal.;  antedated  April  13, 1872. 

Photographic  Camera. — Hector  W.  Vatighn,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Clasp  for  Side-Arms. — Frederick  A.  Will  and  JuliuB 
Finck,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Tool  Handle.— Frederick  A.  Will  and  Julius  Finck,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.;  antedated  April  13, 1872. 

Car-Tbuok. — Samuel  N.  Norton,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Ore-Crusher.— James  W.  Cumings,  Georgetown,  Col. 
Ter.;  antedated  April  10,  1872. 

SoLDERrNG-TooL. — Louis  McMurray  and  Robert  J.  Hol- 
lingsworth,  Baltimore,  Md.;  said  Hoi  lings-worth  as- 
signs his  right  to  Francis  Cutting,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

COMBINED   KEY-HOLE    GUARD    AND    BOLT-FASTENER    FOR 

Loces. — Charles  H.  Townsend  and  AbiatherF.  Potter, 
Oakland,  Cal. 

Note.— Copies  of  TT.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  less  time  than  by  any  other 
■gency 


May  18,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


313 


Eberhardt,  South  Aurora  and  Utah  Sil- 
ver Mining  Companies'  Mines. 


[Written  for  the  Scxzh-nnc  Puu  toy  Uenbt  fliwux] 
Under  the  above  heading  I  noticed  a  let- 
tor  in  the  Mining  Journal,  of  London, 
dated  Feb.  17,  and  signed,  "  A  Believer  in 
White  Pine  Pookets."  Haviug  had  the 
management  of  silver  mines  in  Chile,  in 
stratified  limestone  formation,  for  about 
eight  years,  subsequently  also  for  two ! 
years  in  Mexico  and  Spain,  producing  pre-  j 
cisely  the  same  class  of  ores  as  those  of 
White  Pine,  namely:  chlorides  of  silver, 
called  by  tho  practical  minor  "horn  sil- 
ver," I  believe  a  few  observations  and  data 
on  the  above,  may  bo  found  useful  in 
furthering  the  interests  of  mines  in  like 
formations  in  the  United  States.  For  till 
recently,  comparatively  speaking,  they 
wore  not  known  in  this  country;  whilo  tho 
experience  in  silver  mines  in  Chile  datos 
back  as  far  as  1808,  at  which  period  the 
mines  of  Agua  Amarga,  Province  of  Huas- 
co,  were  discovered. 

The  celebratod  mines  of   El   Doctor,   in 
Mexico,    likewise     in   similar   formation, 
were  worked  for  about   thirty  years,   pro- 
ducing some  forty  millions  of  dollars.     In 
183C  an  Indian  of  the  name  of  Juan  Godoy , 
liaviug  some  Guanacos  in   tho  Sierras  of 
Copiapo,  in  Chile,  discovered  silver  mines. 
Accidentally  losing  his  way 
ho  was  forced  to   camp   out 
for    tho    night,     collecting 
wood  for  a  fire,  which   he 
had   to   keep  up,   in  conse- 
quence  of    tho  cold   blasts 
from  the  Andes.     He  chose, 
to  protect  himself,   a    reef 
that  stood   out  boldly  from 
the  ground,  or  what  is  called 
by  miners  large  croppings. 
Great  was  his   surprise  in 
the     morning     at    finding 
large  pieces  of  native  silver 
around     the     spot    where 
the     fire     had      come      in 
contact    with    the     croppings.      It     was 
soon  found    by  those   who  went  out   to 
inspect  the  wonderful  riches  discovered  by 
the  Indian,  that  great  masses  of  horn  silver 
lay  in  the  stratified   limestone   formation, 
and  that  the  native  silver  was  due   simply 
to  the  fire,  which  had  come  in  contact  with 
the  ore.    These    mines    were    vigorously 
worked  from  1836  to  1818,  and  kept  some 
twelve    mills   constantly   supplied.      The 
crushing  was  carried  on  by  so-called  Chil 
ian  mills,  the  patio   amalgamation   being 
employed.      In   1838  Mr.   Stevenson,    an 
English  gentleman,  was  the  first  to  make 
an  improvement  for  working  these   free 
milling  ores,  by  inventing  the  Fina  or  pan 
system  of  amalgamation,   which  was   im- 
ported from  Chile  to  California  in  later 
years. 

Everywhere  I  have  noticed  that  these 
formations  produce  free  milling  ore  at 
surface  and  to  a  depth  varying  from  50  to 
250  feet.  In  one  district  alone  in  Chile, 
called  Chanarcillo,  it  was  ascertained  by 
dues  paid  by  the  Government,  that  the 
amount  of  silver  produced  from  these  for- 
mations, in  about  twelve  years,  reached 
the  sum  of  $20,000,000,  and  from  the  free 
milling  ores  taken  from  surface,  to  depth 
of  250  feet. 

About  the  year  1849  these  ores  gave  out 
completely  at  the  above  depth,  and  in  a 
very  sudden  manner,  most  discouraging  to 
every  mine  owner,  so  much  so  that  the 
Government  granted  them  leave  to  "  dis- 
frutar"  or  take  out  all  the  arches,  or  pil- 
lars, that  the  mining  laws  require  to  pre- 
vent the  mines  from  caving  in;  this  being 
only  granted  after  the  Government  Mine 
Surveyors  have  officially  notified  that  the 
mines  have  ceased  to  be  productive. 

Mr.  John  Sewell,  an  English  gentleman, 
■who  had  one  of  the  above  mines  for  some 
years,  and  having  made  a  large  fortune  out 
of  the  same,  was  loth  to  abandon  his  mine, 
and  determined  to  solve  the  mystery.    He 


noticed  nat  only  the  sudden  disappearance 
of  all  trace  of  ore,  but  a  sudden  contraction 
of  the  vein,  from  C  feet  to  about  an  inch, 
and  in  many  places  a  thin  cleavage  of  not 
more  than  !„'  of  an  inch.  For  two  or 
three  years  he  continued  his  explorations; 
levels,  winzes,  etc.,  were  driven,  but  with- 
out success;  not  a  trace  of  silver  could  be 
found  in  the  pinched  portion  of  the  lode. 
At  a  later  day  the  same  applied  to  all  tho 
mines  in  the  district. 


Sinking  was  continued  till  they  went 
through  about  280  feet,  nearly  perpendic- 
ular, 832  being  the  undorlio  of  the  lodo. 
At  this  period  of  the  work  Mr.  Sewell  was 
absent  in  Europe,  which  induced  tho  man- 
ager of  the  mine  to  continue  two  months 
longer,  awaiting  Mr.  Sewell's  arrival  to 
abandon  the  mine  altogether. 

Within  the  above  short  period  the  nar- 
row cleavage  of  the  lode  changed  sud- 
denly again  to  the  width  of  6  feet  as  it  had 
appeared  before.  This  event  took  place 
in  1851,  when  the  writer, took  tho  manage- 
ment of  the  mine,  continuing  therein  till 
1857.  The  ores  in  this  new  strike  changed 
completely,  their  composition  being  most- 
ly ruby  silver  ores  without  any  trace 
of  the  free  milling.  We  have  in  Chile  ex- 
actly the  same  change  in  copper  mines 
from  free  smelting  copper  ores  (carbonates 


and  iron  pyrites  required  for  tho  complete 
saturation  of  the  lime  before  the  silver 
could  bo  chloridized. 

As  stated  above,  the  rioher  ores  were 
shipped,  and  the  writer  solved  the  prob- 
lem for  the  reduction  of  the  poorer  ores 
(of  200  ozs.  to  300  ozs)  on  which  the 
freight  to  Europe  was  too  great  for  ship- 
ment. These  woro  smelted  in  reverboratory 
furnaces  with  copper  pyrites,  and  shipped 
as  a  malts— the  former,  with  their  lime, 
fluxing  thoroughly  with  tho  quartz  and 
pyrites  of  the  copper'  "  Believer  in 
White  Pine  Pockets "  must  not  fear  for 
the  future  results  of  the  district  he  is  ad- 
vocating, provided  competent  practical 
mon,  well  versed  in  these  formations  are 
consulted  as  to  their  peculiarities. 

The  diagram  here  Bhown  will  illustrate 
how  every  mine  in  the  Chilian  stratified 
limestone  formations,  especially  in  the 
district  of  Chanarcillo  (where  there  are 
some  forty  odd  mines  on  the  same  lode) 
were  similarly  affected  by  the  adjacent 
stratified  and  unstratified  rock — and  at  the 
same  depth  all  throughout. 

A'  A-  A2  A*  represents  different  periods 
of  stratification;  in  many  cases  the  strata 
itself  is  impregnated  with  chlorides  of 
silver  to  a  thickness  of  twenty  or  thirty 
feet,  and  dipping  sometimes  as  little  as  15 


and  silicates)  to  sulphurets,  under  similar 
conditions  of  depth. 

At  the  depth  of  about  600  feet,  where 
the  sudden  expansion  of  the  lode  took 
place,  the  writer  extracted  nine  and  a  half 
tons  of  native  silver,  which  produced  90 
per  cent,  of  their  weight  in  pure  metal, 
on  being  melted  down  in  the  bar  furnace. 
This  kidney  of  native  silver  was  surround- 
ed by  masses  of  pure  ruby  silver.  Four 
hundred  tons  of  this  ore  were  shipped  in 
1851,  in  the  brig  Llewellyn,  for  Bale  in 
Swansea,  Wales,  and  the  average  per  ton 
was  $2,000  or  $8,000  in  all. 


Shipments  from  this  district  continued 
for  about  four  years,  and  the  calculations 
of  the  value  of  the  ore  shipped  were  about 
$25,000,000.  Up  to  the  year  1857  nothing 
was  sent  under  800  ozs.  to  the  ton.  This 
was  produoed  in  the  second  Bonanza  in 
the  stratified  limestone  formation,  and 
"  Believer  in  White  Pine  pockets  "  will,  I 
fancy,  be  somewhat  elated  at  these  little 
pigney  items,  which  may  prove  useful  for 
future  guidance  in  White  Pine. 

The  sudden  transformation  frDm  free 
milling  ores  to  native  and  ruby  silver  at  a 
depth  of  600  feet  induced  mill  owners  to 
try  all  manner  of  experiments,  as  to  roast- 
ing and  chloridizing.  They  had  gradu- 
ates from  Freiberg,  as  also  practical  men 
well  versed  in  this  branch  of  metallurgy; 
but  all  these  failed,  and  in  consequence  all 
the  ores  were  shipped  to  Swansea.  It  is 
evident  then  that  these  limestone  forma- 
tions created,  among  the  Swansea  smelt- 
ers in  Great  Britain  at  that  time  a  great 
reputation  for  richness. 

The  difficulty  which  arose  in  Chile  in 
the  chlorination  of  ores,  may  apply  later 
on  to  the  While  Pine  districts,  when  they 
will  have  attained  the  necessary  depth,  and 
begin  to  produce  native  and  ruby  silver 
ores.  This  difficulty  was  caused  by  the 
heavy  percentage  of  lime  in  the  ore — 
about  90  per  cent— and  the  amount  of  salt 


degrees.  These  latter  are  quarried  out 
for  their  ores,  on  account  of  their  great 
width,  and  as  they  deepen,  stone  arches 
are  made  to  prevent  the  strata  from  caving 
together.  In  the  several  sections  of  strati- 
fied rock,  the  lode  averaging  from  4  to  12 
feet  in  width,  with  great  productiveness 
throughout  every  mine,  each  statification 
averages  about  300  feet  in  perpendicular 
thickness. 

C,  C,  G,  represent  three  sections  of  un- 
stratified, hard,  compact  rock,  same  thick- 
ness as  above,  unproductive  to  even  traces, 

j  throughout    the    forty    odd    claims,   and 
-.     -.  .      i,    .   -    ___   •    -1.     i_ :~u*l.  „* 


Dtah  News. 

Fifteen  hundred  tons  of  railroad  iron 
are  on  the  way  from  the  East  for  the  Utah 
Southern  road.  A  large  force  of  men  are 
atjwork  on  the  road  day  and  night,  and  it 
will  reach  Utah  Lake  in  about  six  weeks. 
From  there  it  is  expected  a  branch  road 
will  be  completed  by  August,  to  the  East 

Canon  and  the  American   Fork  mines 

The  total  shipment  for  the  past  year  from 
Salt  Lake  City  was  10,800  tons  of  ore,  and 
2,370  tons  of  bullion It  is  said  that  ex- 
perts believe  that  in  a  few  years  Utah  will 
supply,  beside  its   silver  product,  all  the 

lead    required   in    the   United  States 

Among  the  recent  arrivals  in  Salt  Lake 
City  is  a  gentleman  who  acquired  spme 
mining  interests  there  five  years  since, 
and  which  have  during  his  absenoe  de- 
veloped to  an  estimated  value  of  $2,000,- 
000 The  newly  disoovered  placer  dig- 
gings in  Bingham  canon  are  yielding  as 
high  as  40  cents  to  the  pan,  and  the  com- 
mon average,  acoording  to  dispatches  is  $10 
and  $15  per  day  to  the  hand.  Gold  nug- 
gets weiging  as  much  as  two  ounces  have 

been   found    there Three    new   quartz 

mills  and  seven  smelting  furnaces  have 
recently  been  contracted  for  to  be  built 
at  an  aggregate  expense  of  a  quarter  of  a 
million A  number  of  Eastern  capital- 
ists are  in  Salt  Lake  City 

■BTW  on  mining  business The 

crops  throughout  the  Ter- 
ritory are  reported  in  splen- 
did condition,  and  there  are 
no  fears  entertained  con- 
cerning  the     grasshoppers 

William      Nixon,     an 

agent  for  mining  comp- 
anies, had  a  difficulty  with 
a  miner  named  Harlow  at 
Little  Cottonwood  on  the 
13th  inst.  which  resulted  in 
Nixon      shooting      Harlow 

through      the       heart 

yellow    chloride    ore  10  feet 
worth    $100    per    ton  is  re- 


pinched  to  from  an  inch  to  one-eighth  of  | 
an  inch  in  thickness.  A  remarkable  fact 
was  that  to  a  depth  of  nearly  2,600  feet  the 
fissure  when  reduced  to  a  minimum  thick- 
ness, varied  hardly  three  degrees  in  its 
underlie.  The  contraction  and  expansion 
of  the  vein  is  shown  in  the  perpendicular 
section  at  F.  ,      . 

E,  E,  E,  represent  the  surface  undula- 
tion. The  whole  section  being  divided 
up  into  forty  mines;  the  size  of  each  be- 
ing 600  feet,  or  a  total  length  of  24,000 
feet.  A1  yielded  free  milling  ores.  A1  na- 
tive silver  and  ruby  ores.  A3  sulphurets 
and  antimonial  ores,  highly  charged  with 
iron  pyrites. 

As  regards  "  Believer  in  White  Pine 
pockets,"  reference  to  the  Utah  Silver  to. 
Limited,  its  management,  peculiar  forma- 
tion, etc.,  I  will  reserve  for  a  future  arti- 
cle, at  a  more  propitious  moment  in  the 
welfare  of  such  company.  The  causes  of 
temporary  failure  and  my  conviction  of  its 
great  success,'  if  properly  managed,  as  to 
adequate  capital,  smelting  and  mining 
operations.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  until  Mr. 
J.  K.  Murphy  took  the  management,  re- 
cently, the  greatest  depth  attained,  and  in 
ore  from  surface,  was  twenty  feet.  This 
will  at  any  rate  prove  to  the  believer,  etc. 
how  some  English  companies  are  managed 
out  here.  At  present,  and  only  since  the 
last  two  months,  the  developments  in  ore, 
all  the  way  from  surface  in  this  company's 
mines,  have  only  attained  a  depth  of 
seventy  feet,  but  nineteen  feet  wide  of 
galena,  of  sixty-five  per  cent.,  and  from 
eighteen  to  twenty-five  ozs.  in  silver. 
Salt  Lake  City,  April,  1872. 


A  vein  of 
thick,  and 
ported  a3  having  been  struck  in  a  mine  at 

Little  Cottonwood Wells,  Fargo  &  Co's 

agency  have  refused  to  give  any  further 
information  concerning  reoeipts  or  ship- 
ments of  bullion,  for  publication. 

Mining  Sales. 

The  Lebanon  quartz  mine  in  Genesee  vallny, 
Plumas  county,  has  been  sold  to  San  Francis- 

An  English  company  have  paid  $1,000,000 
for  the  Eureka,  Seventy-Six  and  Bough  and 
Beady  mines,  according  to  the  Quincy  National 
|  The  Black  Bear  mine,  in  Klamath  county, 
I  has  been  purchased  by  an  English  company. 
The  Dillon  mine,  in  Bock  Creek  district, 
says  the  Placer  Herald,  has  been  sold  for  $2,- 
800  to  the  Auburn  mining  company. 

A  Helena  company  have  purchased  an  inter- 
est in  the  following  mines,  according  to  the 
Deer  Lodge  Independent,  comprising  in  all 
6  000  feet:  Franklin,  Stonewall  Jackson,  Ply- 
mouth, Silver  Crown,  Wyoming,  Belle,  Begins, 
Pride  of  Montana,  Miller  and  Foster,  Great 
Eepublic,  Lilla,  Bowling,  Eeadout,  Silver 
Queen  and  Poor.  The  mines  are  all  at  Phil- 
lipsburc,  Montana. 

The  Quincy  National  reports  the  sale  ot  the 
Hungarian  Hill  Mining  Co.  to  San  Francisco 
capitalists  for  about  $50,000.  The  Betterton 
mine  near  Mohawk  valley,  Plumas  county,  has 
been  sold  to  Mr.  H.  C.  Bidwell,  of  Greenville, 
and  some  San  Francisco  capitahste  for  $25,- 
000.  ,  .        . . 

The  Eureka  mining  company  have  bought 
from  C.  Bichardson  and  others  the  Mobile 
ledee  which  lies  north  of  the  Eureka.  According 
to  the  Grass  Valley  Union,  the  amount  paid 
was  $6,000.  . 

The  Monitor  and  Independence  mines,  be- 
tween the  Arizona  and  El  Dorado  South,  in  the 
same  vein,  near  Belmont,  Nye  county,  Nevada, 
have  been  sold  to  San  Francisco  capitalists. 
The  amount  paid  says  the  Eeese  Elver  Bevetlle, 
is  somewhere  near  $200,000.  A  large  mil  with 
all  the  modern  improvements  will  shortly  be 
built  by  the  new  owners. 

The  Quincy  National  says  that  the  sales  of 
mining  property  in  Plumas  county  during  the 
past  three  months  have  amounted,  to  $1,235,- 
000.  '  ,  ,    .    „ 

The  Clipper  mill,  on  Greenhorn  creek,  better 
known  as  the  Mason  &  White  property,  has 
been  sold  for  $6,000  to  Miles  Smart. 

The  Main  lode,  in  Cherokee  Gulch,  above  the 
Pelican  lode,  at  Georgetown  has  been  sold  for 
]  about  8100,000. 


314 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  18,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Cooking  Eggs. — It  is  understood  that 
eggs  are  more  easily  digested  if  "rare" 
than  "well  done;"  but  which  portion  of 
the  egg  resists  digestion — the  "White," 
which  is  nearly  pure  albumen,  or  the 
yolk?  Lately,  experiments  have  been 
made  in  this  direction,  with  ample  oppor- 
tunity of  demonstrating  that  healthy  gas- 
tric juice,  whieh  the  stomach  secretes  for 
purposes  of  digestion,  will  not  act  readily 
on  firmly  coagulated  white  of  egg,  even  if 
cut  in  pieces  not  larger  than  ordinary  peas 
(that  is  as  fine  as  people  usually  chew  their 
food  !)  while  it  acts  with  facility  upon  the 
more  brittle  yolk.  The  reason  is  that  the 
coagulated  albumen  is  very  compact  and 
tenacious,  and  would  need  to  be  "ground 
to  powder"  to  accept  the  chemical  affini- 
ties of  the  gastric  juice.  Pour  into  a  basin 
boiling  water  sufficient  to  cover  the  eggs, 
put  the  eggs  into  the  water  and  let  them 
remain  eight  or  ten  minutes,  according  to 
circumstances  and  your  own  taste;  keep 
the  water  nearly  up  to  boiling  tempera- 
ture, but  don't  boil  the  eggs.  Old  eggs 
will  cook  more  quickly  than  fresh  ones, 
and  of  course  small  ones  quicker  than 
large  ones.  By  this  process  you  will  find 
the  yolks  well  cooked,  while  the  white  is 
left  in  a  condition  to  digest  readily. — Ex. 

Stbawbekry  Syeup. — Take  two  pounds  of 
nice  ripe  field  berries,  all  the  green  ones  being 
carefully  picked  out,  and  put  them  without 
smashing  into  a  large  bottle  with  a  wide  mouth, 
and  at  the  same  time  2%  pounds  of  finely  pul- 
verized white  sugar.  The  bottle  should  not  be 
quite  full.  They  are  left  standing  a  few  days 
at  the  ordinary  temperature,  being  occasionally 
gently  shaken  up.  The  sugar  takes  up  the 
liquid  part  of  the  berry,  forming  a  clear,  aro- 
matic syrup,  while  the  solid  parts  shrivel  up  al- 
most odorless  and  tasteless,  and  may  be  easily 
separated  from  the  juice  by  straining  through  a 
linen  cloth.  Milk  or  wine  may  be  poured  over 
the  residue  to  make  a  palatable  dish  for  the  ta- 
ble. The  above  quantity  of  berries  and  sugar 
make  \%  quarts  of  syrup.  It  may  be  kept  for 
some  time  in  closely  stopped  bottles  in  a  cool 
place.  It  must  not  be  heated,  because  the  fla- 
vor of  the  berry  is  very  volatile;  a  long  expos- 
ure of  the  juice  to  the  air  is  also  injurious. 
The  syrup  diluted  with  water  makes  an  agreea- 
ble ice;  or  it  may  be  mixed  with  some  light 
wine  as  a  drink.  Baspberry  syrup  may  be  pre- 
pared in  the  same  way.  The  flavor  of  the 
raspberry  is  not  injured  by  heat,  and  the  syrup 
may  be  more  quickly  prepared  and  with  less 
sugar  by  placing  the  bottle  a  short  time  in  boil- 
ing water.  This  syrup  may  also  be  used  for 
ices.  Aa  a  drink,  when  diluted  with  water,  it 
is  less  piquant  than  that  made  in  the  usual  way 
by  crushing  the  berries  and  letting  the  juice 
stand  f  01  a  week. 


Woektngmen's  Dinnees.  —  The  series  of 
cheap,  palatable  workingmen's  dinners  lately 
inaugurated  in  London,  have  proved  a  great 
success.  The  repast  consists  of  oxtail,  mulla- 
gatawny,  pea  and  gravy  soups  made  of  Austra- 
lian preserved  meats;  also  legs  of  mutton,  beef, 
vegetables,  celery,  etc.  The  hearty  manner  in 
which  the  meals  are  disposed  of  daily  shows 
that  the  dinners  are  appreciated,  and  that  the 
preserved  meats  are  as  agreeable  as  they  are 
nutritious.  The  prices  at  which  the  dishes 
are  served  are  extremely  low,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  following  extract  from  the  daily  bill  of 
fare:  u  Gravy  soup,  Id.  per  plate;  Irish  stew, 
2d.;  stewed  beef,  3d.  The  cheapness  of  the 
preserved  meats  enables  those  by  whom  the 
dinners  were  originated  to  more  than  pay  ex- 
penses at  the  low  prices  charged.  The  best 
kind  of  benevolence  is  that  which  enables  the 
noor  to  provide  themselves  with  comforts,  and 
if  those  who  are  desirous  of  doing  good  would 
try  the  experimemt  of  cheap  dinners  in  this 
country,  we  think  they  would  find  the  results 
gratifying. 

How  to  Mix  Mustard. — Mustard  should  be 
mixed  with  water  that  has  been  boiled  and  al- 
lowed to  cool ;  hot  water  destroys  its  essential 
properties,  and  raw,  cold  water  might  cause  it 
to  ferment.  Put  the  mustard  in  a  cup,  with  a 
small  pinch  of  salt,  and  mix  with  it  very  gradu- 
ally sufficient  boiled  water  to  make  it  drop  from 
the  spoon  without  being  watery.  Stir  and  mix 
well,  and  rub  the  lumps  well  down  with  the 
back  of  a  spoon,  as  mustard  properly  mixed 
should  be  perfectly  free  from  these.  The  mus- 
tard pot  should  not  be  more  than  half  full,  or 
rather  less,  if  it  will  not  be  used  for  a  day  or 
two,  as  the  mustard  is  so  much  better  wheu 
fresh  made. 

To  Detect  the  Adulteration  of  Wines. — 
The  adulteration  of  wines  with  cider  can  easily 
be  detected  by  filtering  and  adding  ammonia  in 
excess.  The  apple  juice  will  immediately  de- 
posit crystals  on  the  side  of  the  test  tube. 
Genuine  wine  sheds  a  pulverulent  deposit 
which  does  not  adhere  to  the  glass,  and  is  de- 
void of  a  crystalline  structure.  Acetic  acid 
will  dissolve  either  of  these  precipitates.  The 
deposit  from  the  cider  consists  of  flat  crystals 
with  parallel  sides ;  that  from  wine  shows  star- 
shaped  formations.  The  treatment  "with  acetic 
acid  shows  the  presence  of  lime  and  phosphoric 
acid  in  both  cases,  the  quantity  of  lime  in  the 
wine  being  minute. 


Lemon  Syrup. — When  lemons  are  abundant 
and  cheap,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  purchase  several 
dozen  at  once,  and  prepare  them  for  use  in  the 
warm,  weak  days  of  spring  and  summer,  when 
acids,  especially  citric  and  malic,  or  the  acids 
of  lemons  and  ripe  fruits,  are  so  grateful  and  so 
useful. 

Press  your  hand  upon  the  lemon  and  roll  it 
back  and  forth  briskly  on  the  table  to  make  it 
squeeze  more  easily,  then  press  the  juice  into  a 
bowl  or  tumbler,  never  into  tin ;  strain  out  all 
the  seeds  as  they  give  a  bad  taste.  Eemove  all 
the  pulp  from  the  peel  and  boil  in  water,  a  pint 
for  a  dozen  pulps,  to  extract  the  acid.  A  few 
minuets  boiling  is  enough,  then  strain  the  water 
with  the  juice  of  the  lemons,  put  a  pound  of 
white  sugar  to  a  pint  of  the  juice ;  boil  ten  min- 
utes, bottle  it,  and  your  lemonade  is  ready.  Put 
a  tablespoonful  or  two  of  this  lemon  syrup  in  a 
glass  of  water,  and  you  have  a  cooling,  health- 
ful drink. 


Carbolic  Toilet  Water. — Crystallized  car- 
bolic acid,  10  parts  ;  essence  of  mille-fleurs,  1 
part;  tincture  of  quillaya  saponaria,  50  parts; 
water,  1,000  parts.  Mix.  The  sapoine  re- 
places soap  with  advantage.  The  above 
should  be  employed,  diluted  with  ten  times 
its  bulk  of  water,  for  disinfecting  the  skin, 
for  washing  the  hands  after  any  risk  of  conta- 
gion, ,  etc. 

The  tincture  of  saponiue  in  the  above  is  made 
by  taking  of  bark  of  quillaya  saponaria,  1  part, 
and  of  alcohol  (90°) ,  4  parts.  Heat  to  ebulli- 
tion, and  filter. 

Cracked  Wheat. — Immediately  after  break- 
fast put  a  kettle  of  water  to"  boil,  with  a  steam- 
er above,  placing  therein  a  two-quart  tin  vessel 
half  full  of  cracked  wheat,  a  tablespoonful  of 
salt,  and  water  enough  to  cover.  Allow  it  to 
steam  all  day  (with  leBS  time  it  tastes  raw) 
add  hot  water  occasionally,  just  enough  to  keep 
the  cracked  wheat  covered;  it  will  swell  double. 
Allow  it  to  stand  till  cold,  then  turn  it  on  a 
plate;  serve  at  any  meal,  with  cream  and  sugar. 
For  the  sake  of  hygiene  I  have,  at  every  meal, 
cracked  wheat,  Graham,  oatmeal  or  samp. — 
Mono,  Titusvile,  JPa. 

How  to  Cook  Beets. — Beets  are  very  nice 
cooked  in  the  following  manner:  Slice  cooked 
beets  quite  thin,  put  in  a  sauce-pan  with  some 
vinegar,  water  and  a  piece  of  butter,  -with  sugar 
enough  to  make  palatable.  Any  rule  is  impossi- 
ble. Taste  it,  and  if  any  ingredient  is  lacking, 
add  more  of  it;  salt  a  very  little,  and  pepper; 
thicken  the  whole  slightly;  serve  hot.  Beets 
may  be  skinned  much  easier  by  rubbing  over 
with  a  cloth  immediately  in  taking  them  from 
the  water  in  which  they  are  cooked,  than  by 
using  a  knife  and  fork . 

Rice  Pudding. — Try  the  following  receipt: 
Take  one  teacupful  of  soft,  boiled  rice,  one 
tablespoonful  of  butter,  mixed  in  the  rice  while 
hot;  add  one  quart  of  sweet  milk,  one  teacup  of 
sugar,  the  yolks  of  five  eggs,  season  with  lemon ; 
bake  until  done.  Beat  the  whites  of  five  eggs 
to  a  stiff  froth,  and  stir  in  it  five  heaping  table- 
spoonfuls  of  powdered  sugar;  spread  over  the 
custard;  return  to  the  oven,  and  bake  a  deli- 
cate brown. — T.  W.  C,  Augusta,  Ga. 


Cooking  Raisins. — It  is  well  to  cook  raisins 
before  putting  them  into  pies,  cakes  or  pud- 
dings. Soaking  them  is  not  sufficient.  Steam- 
ing them  by  pouring  a  small  quantity  of  boil- 
ing water  amongst  them  in  a  tightly  closing 
dish,  and  allowing  them  plenty  of  time  to  cook 
before  opening  is  a  good  plan.  When  raisins 
are  rightly  cooked  before  using  they  are  plump- 
er, and  more  palatable,  and  can  be  eaten  with- 
out injury  by  most  dyspeptics. 


Graham  Bread. — Stir  into  two  quarts  of 
blood-warm  water  enough  Graham  flour  to 
make  it  about  the  consistency  of  pancakes ;  add 
half  a  pint  of  yeast  and  a  tablespoonful  of  salt; 
allow  it  to  stand  all  night  in  a  warm  place ;  ear- 
ly next  morning  add  two  cups  of  common  mo- 
lasses and  stir  in  enough  flour  to  make  about 
as  thick  as  for  cake — not  good  if  too  thick;  at 
ten  o'clock  put  into  deep  buttered  tins  (about 
four),  set  in  a  warm  place  to  rise;  in  two  hours 
it  will  be  light  enough.    Bake  one  hour. 

Orange  Salad. — Peel  eight  oranges  with  a 
sharp  knife,  so  as  to  remove  every  vestige  of 
skin  from  them,  core  them  as  you  would  core 
apples,  then  cut  them  in  slices,  and  lay  them 
in  a  deep  dish;  strew  over  them  plenty  of  pow- 
dered loaf-sugar,  then  add  a  large  wineglassful 
of  pale  brandy;  keep  the  dish  covered  close  till 
the  time  of  serving. 

Lemon  Butter. — One  pound  of  white  sugar, 
one  quarter  pound  fresh  butter,  six  eggs,  juice 
aud  grated  rind  of  three  lemons,  taking  out  all 
the  seeds.  Boil  all  together  a  few  minutes,  till 
thick  as  honey,  stirring  constantly ;  put  in  small 
jars  or  tumblers,  covered  with  paper  diprjed  in 
white  of  egg.  One  teaspoouful  is  enough  for  a 
tart  or  cheese-cake.  This  will  keep  a  long  time 
in  a  cool,  dry  place. 

Chicken  Cheese. — Boil  two  chickens  till  ten- 
der, take  out  all  the  bones  and  chop  the  meat 
fine,  season  to  your  taste  with  salt,  pepper,  and 
butter ;  pour  in  enough  of  the  liquor  they  were 
boiled  in  to  make  it  moist,  put  into  whatever 
mould  you  wish,  and  when  cold  turn  out  and 
cut  into  slices. 


Ginger  Cookies. — Take  three  cups  of  molas- 
ses, one  cup  sugar,  one  cup  hot  water,  one 
cup  butter,  one  tablespoonful  ginger,  two  tea- 
spoonsfuls  saleratus;  add  flour  enough,  and 
knead  them  so  that  they  will  roll  well,  and  they 
will  be  found  good. 


Salt  Mines  xn  Southern  California. — 
The  Los  Angeles  News,  of  April  21st,  has 
the  following  mention  of  a  California  man- 
ufacture: 

Southern  California  has  but  few  manu- 
facturing industries  to  boast  of,  but  the 
few  it  has  are,  as  a  rule,  paying  enterprises. 
One  of  them  is  that  of  salt  making.  San 
Diego  and  Los  Angles  counties  have  each 
got  works  wherein  the  salt  consumed  in  the 
Southern  counties,  Arizona  and  the  Owens 
river  country  is  manufactured.  The  arti- 
cle is  obtained  from  the  sea  water  by  means 
of  natural  evaporation.  The  Pacific  Salt 
Works,  owned  by  J.  B.  Trudell,  are  lo- 
cated on  the  coast  of  the  north  side  of  San 
Pedro  Point  about  ten  miles  north  of  Wil- 
mington and  seventeen  miles  southeast  of 
this  city.  The  sal  tworks  are  located  on  a 
small  lagoon,  about  200  yards  long  by  50 
broad,  situated  in  a  hollow,  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  from  where  the  surf  breaks  on  the 
sandy  beach.  A  ridge  of  sand  hills  pro- 
tects it  from  the  ocean  wind  and  waves, 
while  the  rising  ground  inland  affords  it 
some  shelter  on  that  side.  The  mountain 
on  San  Pedro  Point  is  an  effectual  barrier 
to  the  southernly  gales  which  occasionally 
visit  the  coaBt.  The  lagoon  is  thus  secure- 
ly wind  proof,  and  its  placid  surface  is  sel- 
dom ruffled  by  the  slightest  ripple.  The 
lagoon  is  the  source  from  which  the  water 
for  salt  is  obtained.  It  is  itself  fed  by 
springs  of  both  fresh  and  salt  "water,  some 
of  them  rising  in  its  very  center.  The  val- 
ley, or  hollow,  extends  for  nearly  a  mile, 
and  two  artificial  ponds  for  salt  making 
have  been  constructed  at  the  south  end  of 
the  lagoon,  each  being  about  300  feet  in 
length,  150  in  breadth  and  a  uniform  depth 
of  ten  inches. 


Quaktz  Mining. — We  learn  from  par- 
ties interested  in  mining  on  the  ridge, 
that  very  little  is  being  done  in  quartz 
mining  this  Beason.  The  gravel  mines  are 
doing  spendid  throughout  the  whole  coun- 
ty, but  the  quartz  mining  interest  needs 
reviving.  We  are  informed  that  there  are 
a  number  of  quartz  ledges  on  Diamond 
creek  which  would  pay  handsomely  if  there 
was  a  mill  handy  to  crush  the  rock.  A 
custom  mill  wonld  do  well  there.  The 
owners  of  these  mines  generally,  are  work- 
ing men,  without  means  enough  to  erect 
mills  and  machinery  sufficient  to  work  the 
ledges,  consequently  they  have  to  lie  idle. 
All  that  is  needed  to  bring  the  quartz  min- 
ing interest  up,  on  the  ridge,  is  capital. 
We  hope  ere  long  to  hear  of  moneyed  men 
taking  hold  of  things  in  that  direction. — 
Gazette,  Nev. 


Among  the  Mormons  business  is  carried  on 
on  the  co-operative  system  and  in  the  name  of 
tfie  Lord.  "Holiness  to  the  Lord,  with  an  All- 
seeing  eye  is  painted  on  their  signs,  which  oc- 
casioned the  remark  from  an  Irish  immigrant 
that  there  were  a  great  many  eye  doctors  there. 


The  richest  sugar  planter  in  Cuba  is  said  to 
be  Barros,  who  has  6  factories  and  an  income  of 
$4,000,000  per  annum.  Another  planter,  Poey, 
has  a  plantation,  called  Los  Soanas,  two  leagues 
from  Havana,  with  seven  hundred  slaves. 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

-AND  — 

WINCHESTEB  REPEATING  AEMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  }<-,  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Bine,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  In  kegs, 
half  kegB  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  )■■■  lb.,  and  \  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A,  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
In  kegB,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  \ 
lb.  caniBters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAPETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal.,  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  "Water- 
proof  and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's  Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines — Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  tbe  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 


6v24-6m-lamr 


JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 


108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  nnd  others, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

.  The  experience  of  over  twenty  teaks,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A    KATE 

As  aDy  of  the  inferior  compDunds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBE.RT 
Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  geneiial  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the  H  k 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  L 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v24-eowr 


FAIRBANKS. 


MsM' 


1S'  ^SM'm:!'4iir^B 


Wagons, 

HAY 

OBE, 

COAL 

Etc. 


•    THE    TOUTED    STATES 

STANDARD. 

6,000  to  40,000  Pounds  Capacity. 

THE    SAME     SCALE     IS     USED    FOB    WEIGHING 
CATTLE,    HOGS,    ETC. 

Scales  of  every^kind.    Address 

FAIRBANKS  &  HUTCHINSON, 

120  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

Agents  for  Mn,EB'  Alarm  Monet  Drawees. 
17v3-eowbp6m 


California  File  Manuf ' g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  Sam  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  File6  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
RICA  PER  AMI  HOWES  SECTIONS,  B1U8 
AID  KNIVES  COMPLETE. 

at  a  saving  of  60  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Dice, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


MOLDING,    M0ETI8ING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHIKES, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  Raiuioad,  Oar,  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
f&~  Superior  to  any  in  use 

J.   A.   FAY  &   CO., 

ClNClNKATI,  Okio. 


DICKINSON'S 


Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Kgl        Wit/,  2  Fiij.3  XigA 


I 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill- Burrs,  Emery  -Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  T. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.Y. 

MICROSCOPES. 

Dlustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly 


May  18,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


315 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
S  T  A.  T  I  fS  T  I  <_'  I  A.  >". 

R*port«  »nd  MtimaUa  mad.  .bout  a)l  dfpartmrnu  ot 
Production,  Commerce,  «nd  MAOufacEure,  of  the  Pacific 
Cout-  Sr-24-.  I 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Suxg-eon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  102  Stockton  Btr._t.-t San  Francisco,  Cal. 

»_y  Surgical  cased  from  the  country  received  and 
treated  at  the  Homeopstbic  HoHpltal. 
All  letters  answered  promptly. 


(.ILK!    H.  g*iT.  J*  MM   H.    BATIK. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTOIINK  V8  AND  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

Id  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co..  N.  B.  corner  Cali- 
fornia an?  LeldendorfT  atreeU, 
8AN  PRANOIOO. 

Spectacles   My   Specialty. 


0.  MULLER.  Optician, 
205  Montgomery  Btruet,  Buss  Block. 

JOHN  ROACH,   Optician, 

429    Montffomery    Street) 

S.  W.  corner  Sacramento. 

Surveying  Inilriimeniji  maile,  repaired  and  adjusted 

22vl7-3m 


N.    P.    LANQLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    ©A.WYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street 8an  Fbanctsco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St.,  but.  FlrBt  aad  Second, 
21v23-tf  Sacramknto. 


VS.   BARTUNG. 


HESRT    KIMBALL. 


BARTLTNG-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Balers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

60£  Clny  street,  (southwest  cor.  Ssosome), 
15vl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


8AN    FRANCISCO 

COEDAS E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes,    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBB  &  00.,  Agents, 

26  611  and  613  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  Mission  Btreet,  between  Bealo  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  MillwrightWork, 

...........  1  I  ,         in       il...        ..r.    ,    I...1.       ..I        \ri     1    il"l>       Mil     ■     O         TlTOrT'ti 


especially  to  the   erection  of   FLOUR  MILLS.  DISTIL- 
LERIES, elc.    Also  CoKRinc  Mill  and  Steamship  Wheels 
Manufacturers  of  Noun's  Ontta  Grain  Separators.    Build 


ere  of  Improved  Uydraulio  Wine  Presses,  Grape  Stammers 
and  Crushers,  etc.  I5v23-6m 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

S  E  A.  I.,      E!  N  O  H  A.  "V  E  R, 

AND  LETTER  (LTTl'.n, 
Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  60S  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN     FBANCI8CO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

E.N.  VAN  BBUNT Cashier. 

BANKINa  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI. 
MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOB— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and   made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

FIOKEEK 


Meerschaum   Pipe   Manufacturer, 


No.    341     K  F.Alt  XT    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Fine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silvee.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 
Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

.GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos  to  Let.  fc^EpjS 

A.    HETMAN, 

II  Btreet,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mal8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacbamento. 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 

MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OEDER , 

to    throw    from 

One 

to  an 

eight- Inch 

STREAM. 

The  only  reliable  party  In  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
DraS-tt       '  Address  T.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


FISHER'S 

KNUCKLE 
jroirvT 

AMD 

NOZZLE 

18  TUB 
Cheapest   and    Best 
Hydraulic  Machine 

In  use. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS.  TAKE  NOTICE- 1  hereby  caution  Mini  r*  :nnl  Manufacturers  against  tuaklnp,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Murium-  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Qlftnt,  maanfaotared  and  Hold  by  11.  R.  k 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Hohkiu,  an  the  name  is  an  Infringement  upon  the  Invention  of  the  macbino  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,333,  dated  Due.  JU,  1B70.  All  parties  parti clnatlug 
n  such  Infringement!*  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.     Nevada,  Jan.  lath.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


FERRIS     &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hammors,  Forge  Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.     Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

X&-  Send  for  Circulars.  13v24-3n 


THE       SELDEN       PUM  P 

PATENTED 


Combines    Simplicity   and    Durability   to   a   Remarkable   Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871, 


Catalogues  sent  on  application. 


Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope. 


A.    CARR, 
43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

7v23-ly-eow 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 


MANUFACTURERS     OF 


U.     S.     STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 


IVORY    RULES. 


ALSO  EXCLUSIVE    MANUFACTURERS   OF 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  ihe  Combination  Rule,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  the  very  best  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood, 
heavily  bound  wiili  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

Tbe  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  be  teBted  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  the  aid  of  a  small  screw-driver,  but 
this  is  seldom  required. 

In  its  application  as  a  Slope  Level  it  is  especially 
adapted  for  Miners'  use,  as  it  shows  the  fitch  to  the 
foot,  and  degree  of  inclination  at  once.  It  is  six 
inches  long  when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-eighths  inches  thick,  the  cut  being  just  one- 
fourth  size. 

"  By  the  use  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  can  always  have  in  his  pocket 
the  most  valuable  of  bis  apparatus  used  in  construction, 
combined  in  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form." — Sci- 
entific American. 

Price  bo  mail,  prepaid,  $4.  For  agents' terms,  address 
STEPHENS    &    CO., 

18v24-3m  Riverton,  Conn. 


MILL      STONES. 


Portable  Mills,  Eureka  Smut  Machines, 
Bran  Dusters,  Dufour  &  Co.'e  Celebrated  Dutch  Anchor 
Bolting  Cloths  and  General  Mill  Furnishing, 

TRAVIS    &    WAGNER, 

18v24-3m  41  First  street,  San  Francisco. 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

PATTERNS    A1VI>    MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  atreets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  6v23-3m 


SHEET    IRON    FIFE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IKON  AND  A8PHALTTJM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  "Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rites. 

V£&~  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE.  Superintendent. 


RICHARD  H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 


City   and    Counts'    Surveyor. 


Hydraulic    Miners,     Attention 


If  you  wish  to  keep  up  w  ith  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR.  These  ate  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Patent,  and  infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  size  to  Bull.  Are  in  use  under 
all  pressures,  from  445  feet  down. 

"WILL  DISCHARGE  FULLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  "WATER  than  any  other,  under  the 
Same  circumstances. 

An  injunction  from  the  U.  8.  District  Court  Is  now  in 
force  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  using 
the  same  will  be  duly  prosecuted. 

I  fully  guarantee  my  customers  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  k  CORY,  Morysville.  J.  H.  NA8H,Pla- 
cerville;  F.  SMITH,  at  Locke  k  Montague'B  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Sole  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,   under  Allenwood'i, 
Masey's,  Rlce'B,  Craig's,  and  Huskln's  Patents. 
lGv24tf 


Office— Room  10,  Oity  Hall. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.    314    <AI,!roit.\I.V    STREET, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
8PORTING, 

MXNKVG, 

And    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  TBE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
Into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Oold   Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for   the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  aU  others. 
We  alBO  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  bebt  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
oer  can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretory. 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STKOUDSBT7BQ.   PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $16,   $30,  $E0,  $75,    and  $110.     DIAMOND  TURN- 
ING TOOLS,  $1G  each. 

SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From  40    cents   to    $113   each. 


Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  "Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  "WOOD  "WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

)3v24-tf  


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY 

118  Front  street,  San  Fbanoisco. 

Patent  Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Pire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

HoBe,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Bolting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

.Buckets. 


12v*3-3m 


J.  "W.  TAYLOR,  A&ent. 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folaom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 

of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  610  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v24-3m 


BUY   BARBER'S   BIT   BRACE. 


316 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  18,  1872. 


U.   S.    Mining  Laws. 


From  the  Daily  Alta,  May  15th. 

LAWS    TO    PBQMOTE   THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF   THE  MINING  EE- 
BOUUCES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Sec.  1.  That  all  mineral  deposits  In  lands  belonging  to  the 
United  States,  both  surveyed  and  unsurveyed,  are  hereby 
declared  to  be  free  and  open  to  exploration  and  purchase, 
and  the  lands  In  which  they  are  found  to  occupation  and 
purchase,  by  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  those  who 
have  declared  their  intention  to  become  such,  under  reg- 
ulations prescribed  by  law,  and  according  to  the  local 
customs  or  rules  of  miners,  In  the  several  mining  dis- 
tricts, so  lar  as  the  same  are  applicable  and  not  Inconsist- 
ent with  the  laws  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  2.  That  mining  claims  upon  veins  or  lodes  of 
quartz  or  other  rock  in  place  bearing  gold,  silver,  cinna- 
bar, lead,  tin,  copper,  or  other  valuable  deposits,  hereto- 
fore located,  shall  be  governed  as  to  length  along  the  vein 
or  lode  by  the  customs,  regulations,  aud  laws  in  force  at 
the  date  of  their  location.  A  mining  claim  located  after 
the  passage  of  this  act,  whether  located  by  one  or  more 
persons,  may  equal,  out  shall  not  exceed,  fifteen  hundred 
feet  in  length  along  the  vein  or  lode;  but  no  location  of  a 
mining  claim  shall  be  made  until  the  discovery  of  the 
vein  or  lode  within  tne  limits  of  the  claim  located.  No 
claim  shall  extend  more  thau  three  hundred  feet  on  each 
side  of  the  middle  of  the  vein  at  the  surface,  nor  shall 
any  claim  be  limited  by  any  mining  regulation  to  less 
than  twenty-five  feet  on  each  side  of  the  middle  of  the 
vein  at  the  surface,  except  where  adverse  rights  existing 
at  the  passage  of  this  act  shall  render  such  limitation 
necessary.  The  end  lines  of  each  claim  shall  be  parallel 
to  each  other. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  locators  of  all  mining  locations  here- 
tofore made,  or  which  shall  hereafter  be  made,  on  any 
mineral  vein,  lode,  or  ledge,  situated  on  the  public  do- 
main, their  heirs  and  assigns,  where  no  adverse  claim  ex- 
ists at  the  passage  of  thle  Act,  so  long  as  they  comply 
with  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  with  State,  Ter- 
ritorial, and  local  regulations  not  in  conflict  with  said 
laws  of  the  United  States  governing  then-  possessory  ti- 
tle, shall  have  the  exclusive  right  of  possession  aud  en- 
joyment of  all  the  surface  included  within  the  lines  of 
their  locations,  and  of  ail  veins,  lodes,  and  ledges 
throughout  their  entire  depth,  the  top  of  apex  of  wblch 
lies  inside  of  such  surface  lines  extended  downward  ver- 
tically, although  such  veins,  lodes  or  ledges  may  so  far 
depart  from  a  perpendicular  In  their  course  downward  as 
to  extend  outside  the  vertical  side  lines  of  said  surface  lo- 
cations: Provided,  That  their  right  of  possession  to  such 
outside  parts  of  said  veins  or  ledges  shall  be  confined  to 
such  portions  thereof  as  lie  between  vertical  planes  drawn 
downward  as  aforesaid,  through  the  end  lines  of  their  lo- 
cations, so  continued  In  their  own  direction  that  such 
planes  will  Intersect  such  exterior  parts  of  said  veins  or 
ledges:  ATidjtrovidedJurt/ier,  That  nothing  in  this  sec- 
tion shall  authorize  the  locator  or  possessor  of  a  vein  or 
lode  which  extends  In  its  downward  course  beyond  the 
vertical  lines  of  his  claim  to  enter  upon  the  surface  of  a 
claim  owned  or  possessed  by  another. 

Sec.  4-  That  where  a  tunnel  is  run  for  the  develop- 
ment of  a  vein  or  lode  or  for  the  discovery  of  mines,  the 
owners  of  such  tunnel  shall  have  the  right  of  possession 
of  all  veiuB  or  lodes  within  three  thousand  feet  from  the  face 
of  suv.h  tunnel,  on  the  line  thereof,  not  previously  known  to 
exist,  discovered  in  such  tunnel,  to  the  same  extent  as  if 
discovered  from  the  sunace;  and  locations  on  the  Hue  of 
such  tunnel  of  veins  or  lodes  not  appearing  on  the  sur- 
face, made  by  other  parties  after  the  commencement  of 
the  tunnel,  and  while  the  same  Is  being  prosecuted  with 
reasonable  diligence,  shall  be  invalid;  but  failure  to 
prosecute  the  work  on  the  tunnel  for  six  months  shall  be 
considered  as  an  abandonment  of  the  right  to  all  undis- 
covered veins  on  the  line  of  said  tunnel. 

Sec.  S.  That  the  miners  of  each  mining  district  may 
make  rules  and  regulations  not  in  conflict  with  the  laws 
of  Ue  United  States,  or  with  the  laws  of  the  State  or 
Territory  in  which  the  district  is  situated,  governing  the 
location,  manner  of  recording,  amount  of  work  necessary 
to  hold  possession  of  a  mining  claim,  subject  to  the  fol- 
lowing requirements:  The  location  mubt  be  distinctly 
marked  on  the  ground  so  that  Its  boundaries  can  be 
readily  traced.  All  records  of  mining  claims  hereafter 
made  shall  contain  the  name  or  names  of  the  locators, 
the  date  of  the  location,  and  such  a  description  of  the 
claim  or  claims  located,  by  reference  to  some  natural 
ob)ect  or  permanent  monument  as  will  identity  the 
claim.  On  each  claim  located  after  the  passage  of 
this  Act,  and  until  a  patent  shall  have  been  issued 
therefore,  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars'  worth 
01  labor  shall  be  performed  or  Improvements  made  during 
each  year.  On  all  claims  located  prior  to  the  passage  of 
this  Act,  ten  dollars'  worth  of  labor  shall  be  performed  or 
Improvements  made  for  each  one  hundred  feet  in  length 
along  the  vein  until  a  patent  shall  have  been  Issued 
therefor;  but  where  such  claims  are  held  In  common,  tuch 
expenditure  may  be  made  upon  any  one  claim.  And 
upon  a  failure  to  comply  with  these  conditions,  the  claim 
or  mine  upon  which  such  failure  occurred  shall  be  open 
to  re-location  in  the  same  manner  as  If  no  location  of  the 
same  had  ever  been  made  :  Provided,  That  the  original 
locators,  their  heirs,  assigns  or  legal  representatives,  have 
not  resumed  work  upon  the  claim  after  such  failure  and 
before  such  location.  Upon  the  failure  of  any  one  of 
several  coiiwners  to  contribute  his  proportion  of  the 
expenditures  required  by  this  Act,  the  cotiwners  who 
have  performed  the  labor  or  made  the  Improvements  may, 
at  the  expiration  of  the  year,  give  such  delinquent 
cotiwner  personal  notice  in  writing  or  notice  by 
publication  In  the  newspaper  published  nearest  the 
claim,  for  at  least  once  a  week  for  ninety  days,  and  if  at 
the  expiration  of  ninety  days  after  such  notice  In  writing 
or  by  publication,  such  delinquent  should  fail  or  refuse  to 
contribute  bis  proportion  to  comply  with  this  Act,  his 
interest  in  the  claim  shall  become  the  property  of  his 
coowners  who  have  made  the  required  expenditure. 

Sec.  6.  That  a  patent  for  any  land  claimed  and  located 
for  valuable  deposits  may  be  obtained  In  the  following 
manner:  any  person,  association,  or  corporation  author- 
ized to  locate  a  claim  under  this  Act,  having  claimed  and 
located  a  piece  of  land  for  such  purposes,  who  has,  or 
have,  compiled  with  the  terms  of  t'nls  Act,  may  file  in  the 
proper  Land  Ofhce  an  application  for  ajpatent,  under  oath, 
showing  such  compliance,  together  with  a  plat  and  field 
notes  of  the  claim  or  claims  in  common,  made  by  or  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  United  States  Surveyor-General, 
showing  accurately  the  boundaries  of  the  clalmor  claims, 
which  shall  be  distinctly  marked  bv  monuments  on  the 
ground,  and  shall  post  a  copy  ot  such  plat,  together  with 
a  notice  of  such  application  for  a  patent,  in  a  conspicu- 
ous place  on  the  land  embraced  in  such  plat  previous  to 
the  tiling  of  the  application  for  a  patent,  and  shall  file  an 
affidavit  of  at  least  two  persons  that  such  notice  has  been 
duly  posted  as  aforesaid,  and  shall  file  a  copy  of  said  no- 
tice in  such  Land  Office,  and  shall  thereupon  be  entitled  to 
a  pateut  for  said  land,  lu  the  manner  following:  the  regis- 
ter of  the  Laud  Office,  upon  the  filing  of  6uch  application, 
plat,  field-notes,  notices,  and  athUavlts,  shall  publish  a 
notice  that  such  application  has  been  made,  for  the  period 
of  sixty  days,  lu  a  newspaper  to  be  by  him  designated  as 
published  nearest  to  said  claim  and  he  shall  also  post 
such  notice  In  his  office  for  the  same  period.  The  claim- 
ant at  the  time  of  iillne  this  application,  or  at  any  time 
thereafter  within  the  sixty  days  of  publication,  shall  file 
with  the  register  a  certificate  of  the  United  States  Sur- 
veyor General  that  $500  worth  of  labor  has  been  expended 
or  tmprovments  made  upon  the  claim  by  himself  or 
grantors;  that  the  plat  Is  correct,  with  such  further  de- 
scription by  such  reference  to  natural  objects  or  perma- 
nent monuments  as  shall  identify  the  claim,  and  furnish 
au  accurate  description,  to  be  Incorporated  In  the  patent. 
At  the  expiration  of  the  sixty  days  of  publication  the 
claimant  shall  tile  his  affidavit,  showing  that  the  plat  and 
notice  have  been  posted  in  a  conspicuous  place  on  the 
claim  during  said  period  of  publication.  If  no  adverse 
claim  shall  have  been  filed  with  the  Register  and  Receiver 
of  the  proper  Land  Office  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixty 
days  of  publication,  it  shall  be  assumed  that  the  applicant 
Is  entitled  to  the  patent,  upon  the  payment  to  the  proper 
officer  of  five  dollars  per  acre,  and  that  no  adversa  claim 


exists;  and  thereafter  no  objection  from  third  parties  to 
the  issuance  of  a  patent  shall  be  heard,  except  it  be  shown 
that  the  applicant  has  failed  to  comply  with  this  Act. 

Sec.  7,  That  where  an  adverse  claim  shall  be  filed 
during  the  period  of  publication,  it  shall  be  upon  oath  of 
the  person  or  persons  making  the  same,  and  shall  show 
the  nature,  boundaries  and  extent  of  such  adverse  claim, 
and  all  proceedings,  except  the  publication  of  notice  and 
making  and  filing  of  the  affidavit  thereof,  shall  be  stayed 
until  the  controversy  shall  have  been  settled  or  decided 
by  a  Court  of  competent  Jurisdiction,  or  the  adverse 
claim  waived.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  adverse  claim- 
ant, within  thirty  days  after  filing  his  claim,  to  com- 
mence proceedings  in  a  Court  of  competent  (urlsdlctlon, 
to  determine  the  question  of  the  right  of  possession,  and 
prosecute  the  same  with  reasonable  diligence  to  final 
Judgment;  and  a  failure  to  do  so  shall  be  a  waiver  of  hla 
adverse  claim.  After  such  Judgment  shall  have  been 
rendered,  the  party  entitled  to  the  possession  of  the 
claim,  or  any  portion  thereof,  may,  without  giving 
further  notice,  file  a  certified  copy  of  the  Judgment  roll 
with  the  Register  of  the  Land  Office,  together  with  the 
certificate  of  the"  Surveyor- General,  that  the  requllste 
amount  of  labor  has  been  expended,  or  improvements 
made  thereon,  and  the  description  required  in  other  cases, 
and  shall  pay  to  the  receiver  five  dollars  per  acre  for  his 
claim,  together  with  the  proper  fees,  whereupon  the 
whole  proceedings  and  the  Judgment  roll  shall  be  certified 
by  the  Register  to  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office,  and  a  patent  shall  issue  thereon  for  the 
claim,  or  such  portion  thereof  as  the  applicant  shall 
appear,  from  the  decision  of  the  Court,  to  rightfully  pos- 
sess. If  it  shall  appear  from  the  decision  of  the  Court 
that  several  parties  are  entitled  to  separate  and  different 
portions  of  the  claim,  each  party  may  pay  for  his  portion 
of  the  claim,  with  the  proper  fees,  and  file  the  certificate 
and  description  by  the  Surveyor-General,  whereupon  the 
Register  shall  certify  the  proceedings  and  Judgment-roll  to 
the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  as  In  the 
preceding  case,  and  patents  shall  Issue  to  the  several  par- 
ties according  to  their  respective  rights.  Proofs  of  citi- 
zenship under  this  Act,  or  the  Acts  of  July  26th,  1SG6, 
and  July  9th,  1870,  In  the  case  of  an  individual,  may 
consist  of  his  own  affidavit  thereof,  and  in  case  of  an 
association  of  persons  unincorporated,  of  the  affidavit  of 
their  authorized  agent,  made  on  bis  own  knowledge  or 
upon  information  and  belief,  and  in  case  of  a  corpora- 
tion organized  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  or  of 
any  State  or  Territory  of  the  United  States,  by  the  filing 
of  a  certified  copy  of  their  charter  or  certificate  of  in- 
corporation; and  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  con- 
strued to  prevent  the  alienation  of  the  title  conveyed  by 
a  patent  for  a  mining  claim  to  any  person  whatever. 

Sec.  8.  That  the  description  of  vein  or  lode  claims, 
upon  surveyed  lands,  shall  designate  the  location  of  the 
claim  with  reference  to  the  lines  of  the  public  surveys, 
but  need  not  conform  therewith;  but  where  a  patent 
shall  be  issued  as  aforesaid  for  claims  upon  unsurveyed 
lands,  the  Surveyor-General,  in  extending  the  surveys, 
shall  adjust  the  same  to  the  boundaries  of  such  patented 
claim,  according  to  the  plat  or  description  thereof,  but  so 
as  in  no  case  to  Interfere  with  or  change  the  location  of 
any  such  patented  claim. 

Sec.  9.  That  sections  one,  two,  three,  four  and  six  of 
an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  granting  the  right  of  way  to 
ditch  aud  canal  owners  over  the  public  lands,  and  for 
other  purposes,"  approved  July  26,  18G6,  are  hereby  re- 
pealed, but  such  repeal  shall  not  affect  existing  rights. 
Applications  for  patents  for  mining  claims  now  pending 
may  be  prosecuted  to  a  final  declson  in  the  General  Land 
Office;  but  In  such  cases  where  adverse  rights  are  not 
affected  thereby,  patentB  may  issue  in  pursuance  of  the 
provisions  of  this  Act;  and  all  patents  for  mining  claims 
heretofore  issued  under  the  Act  of  July  26,  I860,  shall 
convey  all  the  rights  and  privileges  conferred  by  this  Act 
where  no  adverse  rights  exist  at  the  time  of  the  passage 
of  this  Act. 

Sec.  10.  That  the  Act  entitled  "An  Act  to  amend  an 
Act  granting  the  right  of  way  to  ditch  and  canal  owners 
over  the  public  lunds,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
July  9th,  1870,  shall  be  and  remain  in  full  force,  except 
as  to  the  proceedings  to  obtain  a  patent,  which  shall  be 
similar  to  the  proceedings  prescribed  by  Sections  six  and 
seven  of  this  Act  for  obtaining  patents  to  vein  or  lode 
claims;  but  where  said  placer  claims  shall  be  upon  sur- 
veyed lands,  and  conform  to  legal  subdivisions,  no 
further  survey  or  plat  shall  be  required.  And  all  placer 
mining  claims  hereafter  located  shall  conform  as  near  as 
practicable  with  the  United  States  Bvstem  of  public  land 
surveys  and  the  rectangular  subdivisions  of  such  surveys, 
and  no  such  location  shall  Include  more  than  twenty 
acres  for  each  Individual  claimant;  but  where  placer 
claims  cannot  be  conformed  to  legal  subdivisions,  survey 
and  plat  shall  be  made  as  on  unsurveyed  lands;  Provided, 
That  proceedings  now  pending  may  be  prosecuted  to 
their  final  determination  under  existing  laws,  but  the 
provisions  of  this  Act,  when  not  In  conflict  with  existing 
laws,  shall  apply  to  such  cases:  Provided,  also,  That 
where  by  the  segregation  of  mineral  lands  in  any  legal 
subdivision  a  ouantlty  of  agricultural  land  less  than  forty 
acres  remains,  said  fractional  portion  of  agricultural  land 
may  be  entered  by  any  party  qualified  by  law,  for  home- 
stead or  preemption  purposes. 

Sec.  11.  That  where  the  same  person,  association  or 
corporation  Is  In  possession  of  a  placer  claim,  and  also  a 
vein  or  lode  Included  within  the  boundaries  thereof,  ap- 
plication shall  be  made  for  a  patent  for  the  placer  claim, 
w  th  the  statement  that  it  includes  such  vein  or  lode, 
and  in  such  case  (subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  Act 
and  the  Act  entitled  "an  Act  to  amend  an  Act  granting 
the  right  of  way  to  ditch  and  canal  owners  over  the  pub- 
lic lands,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  July  9th, 
1870)  a  patent  shall  issue  for  the  placer  claim,  Including 
such  vein  or  lode,  upon  the  payment  of  g5  per  acre  for 
such  vein  or  lode  claim,  aud  25  feet  of  surface  on  each 
side  thereof.  The  remainder  of  the  placer  claim,  or  any 
placer  claim  not  embracing  any  vein  or  lode  claim,  shall 
be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  $2  50  per  acre,  together  with 
all  costs  of  proceedings;  and  where  a  vein  or  lode,  such 
as  is  described  in  the  second  section  of  this  Act,  Is 
known  to  exist  within  the  boundaries  of  a  placer  claim, 
an  application  for  a  patent  for  such  placer  claim  which 
does  not  Include  an  application  for  the  vein  or  lode 
claim  shall  be  construed  as  a  conclusive  declaration  that 
the  claimant  of  the  placer  claim  has  no  right  of  posses- 
sion of  the  vein  or  lode  claim;  but  where  the  existence  of 
a  vein  or  lode  In  a  placer  claim  is  not  known,  a  patent 
for  the  placer  claim  shall  convey  all  valuable  mineral  and 
other  deposits  within  the  boundaries  thereof. 

Sec.  12.  That  the  Surveyor-General  of  the  United 
States  may  appoint  in  each  land  district  containing  min- 
eral lands  as  many  competent  surveyors  as  shall  apply 
for  appointment  to  survey  mining  claims.  The  expenses 
of  the  survey  of  vein  or  lode  claims,  and  the  survey  and 
subdivision  of  placer  claims  Into  smaller  quantities  than 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  together  with  the  cost  of 
publication  of  notices,  shall  be  paid  by  the  applicants, 
and  they  shall  be  at  liberty  to  obtain  the  same  at  the  most 
reasonable  rates,  and  they  shall  also  be  at  liberty  to  em- 
ploy any  United  States  Deputy  Surveyor  to  make  the  sur- 
vey. The  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  6hall 
also  have  power  to  establish  the  maximum  charges  for 
surveys  and  publication  of  notices  under  this  Act;  and, 
in  case  of  excessive  charges  for  publication,  he  may  des- 
ignate any  newspaper  published  In  a  land  district  where 
mines  are  situated  for  the  publication  of  mining  notices  in 
such  district,  and  fix  the  rates  to  be  charged  by  such  pa- 
per; and,  to  the  end  that  the  Commissioner  may  be  fully 
informed  on  the  subject,  each  applicant  shall  file  with  the 
Register  a  sworn  statement  of  all  charges  and  fees  paid 
by  said  applicant  for  publication  and  surveys,  together 
with  all  fees  and  money  paid  the  Register  and  the 
Receiver  of  the  Land  Office,  which  statement  shall  be 
transmitted,  with  the  other  papers  In  the  case,  to  the 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office.  The  fees 
of  the  Register  and  the  Receiver  shall  be  live  dollars  each 
for  filing  and  acting  upon  each  application  for  patent  or 
adverse  claim  filed,  and  they  shall  be  allowed  the  amount 
fixed  by  law  for  reducing  testimony  to  writing,  when 
done  In  the  Laud  Office,  such  fees  and  allowances  to  be 
paid  by  the  respective  parties  ;  and  no  other  fees  shall  be 
charged  by  tbem  In  such  cases.  Nothing  In  this  Act 
shall  be  construed  to  enlarge  or  affect  the  rights  of  either 
1  arty  in  regard  to  any  property  In  controversy  at  the  time 


of  the  passage  of  this  Act,  or  of  the  Act  entitled  "  An 
Act  granting  the  right  of  way  to  ditch  and  canal  owners 
over  the  public  lands,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved 
July  26,  1866,  nor  shall  this  Act  affect  any  right  acquired 
undersold  Act;  and  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  construed 
to  repeal,  impair  or  in  any  way  afiect  the  provisions 
of  the  Act  entitled  "An  Act  granting  to  A.  Sutro  the  right 
of  way  and  other  privileges  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  a 
draining  and  exploring  tunnel  to  the  Comstock  lode, 
in  the  State  of  Nevada,"  approved  July  25,  1866. 

Sec.  13.  That  ail  affidavits  required  to  be  made  under 
this  Act,  or  the  Act  of  which  it  is  amendatory,  may  be 
verified  before  any  officer  authorized  to  administer  oaths 
within  the  land  district  where  the  claims  may  be  situated, 
and  all  testimony  and  proofs  may  be  taken  before  any 
such  officer,  and  when  duly  certified  by  the  officer  taking 
the  same,  shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect  as  if 
taken  before  the  Register  and  the  Receiver  of  the  Land 
Office.  In  case  of  contest  as  to  the  mineral  or  agricultural 
character  of  land,  the  testimony  and  proofs  may  be  taken 
as  herein  provided  on  personal  notice  of  at  least  ten  days 
to  the  opposing  party;  or  If  said  party  cannot  be  found, 
then  by  publication  of  at  least  once  a  week  for  thirty 
days  in  a  newspaper,  to  be  designated  by  the  Register  of 
the  Land  Office  as  published  nearest  to  the  location  of  such 
land,  and  the  Register  shall  require  proof  that  such 
notice  has  been  given. 

Sec.  14.  That  where  two  or  more  veins  intersect  or 
cross  each  other,  priority  of  tittle  shall  govern,  and  such 
prior  location  shall  be  entitled  to  all  ore  or  mineral  con- 
tained within  the  space  of  Intersection:  Provided,  how- 
ever, That  the  subsequent  location  shall  have  the  right  of 
way  through  said  space  of  intersection  for  the  purposes  of 
the  convenient  working  of  the  said  mine:  And,  provided 
also,  That  where  two  or  more  veins  unite,  the  oldest  or 
prior  location  shall  take  the  vein  below  the  point  of 
union,  including  ail  the  space  of  intersection. 

Sec.  15.  That  where  non-mineral  land  not  contiguous 
to  the  vein  or  lode  is  used  or  occupied  by  the  proprietor 
of  such  vein  or  lode  for  mining  or  milling  purposes,  such 
uon-adjacent  surface  ground  may  be  embraced  and  in- 
cluded In  an  application  for  a  patent  for  such  vein  or 
lode,  and  the  same  may  be  patented  therewith,  subject  to 
the  same  preliminary  requirements  as  to  survey  and  no- 
tice as  are  applicable  under  this  Act  to  veins  or  ledges: 
Provided,  That  no  location  hereafter  made  of  such  non- 
adjacent  land  shall  exceed  five  acres,  and  payment  for 
the  same  must  be  made  at  the  same  rate  as  fixed  by  this 
Act  for  the  superficies  of  the  lode.  The  owner  of  a 
quartz-mill  or  reduction-works,  not  owning  a  mine  in 
connection  therewith,  may  also  receive  a  patent  for  his 
mill-site,  as  provided  In  this  section. 

Sec.  16.  That  all  Acts  and  parts  of  Acts  inconsistent 
herewith  are  hereby  repealed:  Provided,  That  nothing 
contained  in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  to  Impair,  in  any 
way,  rights  or  interests  in  mining  property  acquired  un- 
der existing  laws. 

[Approved  May  11,  1872.] 


New   Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco: 

Columbia  Smelting  and  M.  Co. — May  9. 
Location:  San  Diego  county.  Capital  stock, 
$5,000,000,  in  50,0U0  shares.  Trustees— "YV. 
Meeks,  J.  W.  Tripp,  John  Whalen,  D.  Frede- 
mich,  G.  Ivancovich,  H.  Coward,  B.  Tiernan. 

Heyden  Hill  M.  Co. — May  9.  Location; 
Heyden  Hill  M.  District,  Lassen  county.  Capi- 
tal stock,  $5,000,000,  iu  50,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees— A.  "YV.  Blair,  Samuel  Fair,  George  M. 
Pinney,  S.  A.  Raymond,  H.  S.  Brown. 

Eukopa  M.  Co. — May  9.  Location:  Gold 
Hill  Mining  district.  Capital  stock,  $2,000,- 
000,  in  20,0000  shares.  Trustees  —  H.  C. 
Wheeler  J.   H.   H.  Williams,  C.  H.  Kiugsley, 

C.  Coats  and  S.  K.  Thornton. 

Maiuon  S.  M.  Co. — May  9.  Location:  Lin- 
coln district,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,- 
000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— M.  J.  Mc- 
Donald, B.  E.  Connor,    Charles  M.  Leavy,    C. 

F.  Hamilton,  and  George  W.  Blake. 
Mojave  Consolidated  M.  Co. — May  9.  Loca- 
tion: Wallapai  M.  district,  Mojave  county,  Ari- 
zona. Capital  Stock,  $3,000,000  in  30,000 
shares.  Trustees— M.  G.  Gillett.  F.  G.  Berry, 
R.  Denoon,  C.  P.  Hall  aud  Richard  Wheeler. 

Paclfic  Cobdage  Co. — May  9.  Object:  the 
manufacture  of  Cordage  of  all  descriptions. 
Capital  stock,  200,000,  in  200  shares.  Trus- 
tees— John  Parrott,  Oliver  Eldridge,  James 
Otis,  Jabez  Howes  and  J.  D.  Farwell. 

Pactcfic  Cooperative  Furniture  Factory. — 
May  10.  Object:  manufacture  furniture.  Cap- 
ital stock,  $100,000,  with  the  right  to  increase 
the  same  to  $250,000.  Trustees— W.  C.  Powell, 

G.  W.  Dent,  F.  De  St.  Germain,  W.  Henry,  F. 
O'Neill,  Jacob  Strahle  and  J.  Holland. 

National  M.  Co. — May  10.  Location:  Bris- 
tol district,  Nye  county,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees 
--J.  B.  Haggan,  Julius  Ordway,  Joseph  Clarke, 
J.  S.  Doe  and  B.  B.  Minor. 

Fanshaw  Creek  Irrigation  and  Canal  Co. — 
May  10.  Object:  To  supply  a  canal  already 
constructed  in  Fresno  county,  with  "water  from 
Fanshaw  creek,  to  be  used  for  irrigating  and 
many  acturing  purposes.  Capital  stock,  $100,- 
000,  in  $10,000  shares.  Trustees— F.  C.  de 
Wolt,  Edward  B.  Perrin  and  Robert  Perrin, 

Columbia  M.  Co. — May  11.  Location:  Vir- 
ginia M.  district,  Storey  county.  Capital  stock, 
$1,000,000,  in  40,000  shares.  Trustees— R,  H. 
Graves,  John  Mallon,  F.  S.  Weinsinger,  E. 
Patten  and  M.  D.  Townsend. 

Chapman.  No.  2  S.  M.  Co.— May  11.  Lo- 
cation: Ely  M.  District.  Capital  stock,  $3,- 
000,000,  in  shares  of  $100  each.  Trustees— 
J.  B.  Higgin,  H.  C.  Kibbe,  Charles  E.  Elliott, 
John  P.  Jones  and  J.  S.  Wall.    . 

Howard  M.  Co. — May  11.  Location:  Ameri- 
can Flat,  Gold  Hill  District.  Capital  stock,  $4,- 
800,000,  in  shares  of  $100.     Trustees— George 

D.  Roberts,  John  A.  Stanly,  G.  D.  Hall,  H.  C. 
Howard  and  James  Lincoln. 

Cederberg  First  Northerly  Extension  G. 
M.  Co. — May  11.  Location:  Greenwood  M. 
District,  El  Dorado  county.  Capital  stock, 
$2,400,000,  in  shares  of  $100.  Trustees— A.  J. 
Morrill,  G.  A.  Hunter,  W.  A.  Buckman,  G.  A. 
Cederberg,  G.  W.  Simpers  and  G.  W.Johnson. 

Hungarian  M.  Co. — May  11.  Object:  Gravel 
mining  business.  Capital  stock  SI, 000, 000,  in 
shares  of  $50  each.  Trustees— Clinton  Gur- 
nee,  John  D.  Goodwin,  George  Hearst,  Geo  W. 
Bearer  and  Wm.  Bollenger. 

Great  Blue  Gravel  Range  M.  Co.— May  11. 
Location:  Placer  county.  Capital  stock,  $5,- 
000,000,  in   shares  of  $100   each.    Trustees— 


Wm.  Higby,  Winslow  Hale,  C.   H.  Dewey,  E. 
S.  Peck  and  J.  M.  Thompson. 

Red  Jacket  G.  and  S.  M,  Co. — May  11.  Lo- 
cation: Gold  Hill.  Capital  stock,  $5,200,000, 
in  shares  of  $100  each.  Trustees — George  D. 
Roberts,  John  A.  Stanley,  G.  D.  Hall,  H.  C. 
Howard  and  Jonas  Lincoln. 

Economical  Gas  Machine  Co. — May  11. 
Object:  The  manufacture  and  sale  of  carburet- 
ers for  air  and  gas,  under  the  letters  patent 
issued  by  the  United  States.  Capital  stock, 
$10,000,  in  shares  of  $20  each.  Trustees- 
Louis  Marks,  Rudolph  Wichelhausen,  Louis 
Porep,  H.  Burkheim  and  H.  A.  Seigfried. 
.  Dunderberg  M.  and  M.  Co. — May  14.  Lo- 
location :  Mono  county,  California.  Capital 
stock  #5,000,000,  in  $5,000  shares.  Trustees 
— J.  P.  Tones,  A.  H.  Rose,  Geo.  Munckton,  E. 
B.  Rail  and  O.  H.  Boyd. 

The  Bar  Association  "of  San  Francisco. — 
May  14.  .  Trustees — John  W.  Dwinelle,  Henry 
H.  Haight,  Joseph  W.  Winans,  W.  W.  Cope, 
Thomas  I.  Bergin.  Joseph  P.  Hoge,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Association,  is,  by  virtue  of  the 
constitution  and  by-laws  adopted  April  27th, 
ex-officio  a  member  of  the  Board. 

The  following  companies  have  filed  certifi- 
cates of  Incorporation  at  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  State,  Sacramento: 

Somerset  M.  Co. — Location:  Grass  Valley 
District,  Nevada  county.  Capital  stock,$l,200,- 
000. 

North  Comstock  G.  &  S.  Co. — Location: 
Truckee  Mining  District,  Storey  county,  Nev. 
Capital  stock,$200,000. 

Amazon  S.  M.  Co. — Location:  Ely  Mining 
District,  Lincoln  county,  Nev.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000. 

Swansea  M.  Co. — Location:  Kelsey  Mining 
District,  El  Dorado  county.  Capital  stock,  $3,- 
600,000. 

Original  Gold  Hill  G.  &  S.  M.  Co. — Loca- 
tion: Gold  Hill,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,- 
000,000. 

Providence  G.  &  S  M.  Co. — Location:  Cal- 
ifornia. Capital  stock,  $3,000,000. 

Bismark  S.  M.  Co. — Location:  Humboldt 
county,  Nev.  Capital  stock,  $5,000,000. 


IMPORTANT    MINING    BOOK. 


Mines,  Mills,  and  Furnaces  of  the  Pacific 

States  and  Territories;  An  Account  of  the  Condition, 
Resources,  ana  Methods  of  the  Mining  and  Metallur- 
gical Industry  in  those  Regions,  Chiefly  Relating  to 
the  Precious  Metals.    By  Rossiter  W.  Raymond,  Ph. 
D.,  Vice-President  Am.  Inst,  of  Mining  Engineers; 
Editor  "Engineering  and  Mining  Journal."    Author 
of  "  Mines  of  the  WeBt,"  "American  Mines  and  Min- 
ing," etc.    J.  B.  Ford  &  Co.,  1  vol.  8vo.  458  pp.  Ex- 
Cloth.    Sold   by   Dewey.    &    Co.,   publishers  Saen. 
tific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  publishers'  rates,  $3.£0. 
This  volume  will  scarcely  need  to  be  recommended  to 
those  who  are  acquainted  with  the  "Mines  of  the  West." 
"American  Mines  and  Mining,"  and  other  professional 
publications  of  its  author.    The  present  work  is  in  no 
sense  a  repetition  of  Mr.  Raymond's  former  oneB.    It 
contains  a  full  and  comprehensive  account  of  the  con- 
dition of  the  gold  and  silver  mining  industry  of  the 
United  StateB,  with  practical  recommendations  of  great 
importance  to  those  engaged  in  it .    The  chapter  on  the 
treatment  of  auriferous  ores  in  Colorado  is  the  beBt  ac- 
count of  the  stamp-mill  process  ever  published  in  thiB 
country;  and  the  general  disouBBiou  of  smelting  processes 
for  silver  ores  supplies  an  instant  want.    The  series  of 
volumes",  of  which  this  forms  the  third,  which  have 
proceeded  from  the  rapid  hut  careful  pen  of  Commis- 
sioner Raymond,  are  recogDlzed  in  this  country  and  In 
Europe  as  professionally  authoritative  and  popularly 
interesting  to  a  remarkable  degree.    To  be  technically 
accurate,  but  not  technically  abstruse,  is  their  salient 
and  acknowledged  merit. 


Endless    Chain   Elevator, 

FOR   RAISING   WATER    FROM   WELLS. 

BALL  &  CHART,  Patentees. 


The  inventor  claims  that  his  ELEVATOR  excelB  any 
other  apparatus  that  has  ever  been  brought  before  the 
public  for  the  purpose  of  raising  water  from  wells.  Its 
chief  merits  are:  First-The  water  is  obtained  from  the 
well  in  a  purer  and  colder  state,  for  the  reason  that  it_  is 
drawn  from  near  the  bottom.  Second-It  is  operated  with 
the  least  difficulty,  particularly  in  lifting  a  certain  amount 
of  water  from  anv  depth  in  a  given  time,  as  compared  with 
any  other  mode.  Third-lt  obviates  all  necessity  for  going 
down  into  the  well  in  putting  in  the  machinery,  or  for  re- 
pairing the  same,  as  such  labor  can  be  performed  at  the 
surface.  Fourth— It  can  be  easily  taken  out  of  one  wefi 
and  transferred  to  another.  Fifth-It  is  lesB  liable  to  get 
out  of  repair-but  when  repairs  are  necessary  they  can  nm 
easily  made  by  any  one;  the  action  made  by  the  Endless 
Chain  and  buckets  keeps  the  well  properly  ventilated: 
there  is  no  possibility  for  the  person  operating  it  [nor  for  a 
child]  to  fall  into  the  well. 

For  circulars  and  particulars  address 

JOHN  A.  BALL, 

20v2iawbplm  Grass  Valley,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal. 


May  i8,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


317 


Milling  and  Other  Companies. 


OW<w  In  ttut  tint  ntrutary  to  maU  (A*  prtimt  targt  «ttlUm  of  (A* 
JKM«H>'  fr  —  if*  <i>.  Mttjel  Ui  tfo  (0  frul  tut  Thui -Liy  ntn- 
inff—  uttUX  U  <A«  e«ry  taluf  Ao«r  Ke  cui,  rtcWc.  u*/r<ria««CTiU. 


Ingamar  Silver  Mining  Company.— Loca- 
tion of  w(,rk«:  Ely  Miulun  District,  Liuoolu  County, 
Nevada. 
Ifonol  —Than  art*  .],  liii'iu.  nt   ui>'-n    tin-  following 

flunrHtinl  Itook,  on  account  of  ImimihiiiiiiiI  (No,  II  Intra 

OH  Hi.   HoomS  tlay  of  April,  1W7J,   tin;    m-vrral    alnouolM 

act  opposite  til'-  liann  h   of  lb.-'    reipOOtlTQ    Sliart-boldere 

aa  follow*: 

NamcB.         No.  OrtiQcuti 

Ailama,  Ls..    lx 

L'avaiii.T,  J  r.  Tnutw m 

Oavalll.r,  .1  1'.  TnutM a:rJ 

Omvalllci,  .1  l',  Trultoe bh 

CavaiiKT.  J  }'.  Tnutee 289 

1'avalh.r.  J  1*.  Trustee MS 

Cavallnr.  J  1',  Tnutee '.'17 

Cavallor.  -I  V.  Tnutee '.MM 

CavalhiT.  J  I'.  Tnutee '.'t'.l 

OeralUer.  J  i',  Tnutei 3S1 

Cavallit-r,  J  1*.  Tnutee 266 

Oathevt,  A  B,  Tnutee 179 

Ohirlea,  H  A,  TruHU-e j'.iT 

CLiir.U,  11  C 88 

Cl.nivli,  11  0   IM 

Obiucb,  H  0. ..  mi 

Church,  HC 105 

cium-h.  H  a u« 

Ctiurch,  HO 108 

Church,  HO Ill 

Ub.un.-li,  H  0 112 

Eaton,  W  L 208 

Kent,  RF,  Truiitco aoo 

N.al.L'haa  H,  Trustee U 

Neal,   Chaa  s,  Trustee 10 

Nul,  Olui  s.  Tnutee 11 

Neil,   Ohm  8,  Trustee la 

Meal.    chas  8,  Trustee '2:1 

Ni-ai,  Chaa  h,  Trustee n:i 

Neil.  Chaa  H,  Tnutee 34 

Neil.   Chaa  8,  Trustee 35 

.NVnl,   uhaa  S,  Trustee ail 

Neal,  Chaa  8,  Tnutee 37 

Noal,   ChaB  8,  Trustee 3'J 

Heal,  t.'haa  8,  Trustee 12 

Noal,   Chaa  8.  Trustee 85 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Truatco 86 

Neal,  Chaa  8.  Truatco 87 

Neal,   Chaa  8,  Trustee 89 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 92 

Heal,   Olios  S.  Trustee 91 

Real,   Chaa  8,  Truatee 131 

Neal,  Chaa  8.  Trustee 183 

Neal,  Chaa  8,  Tnutee 136 

Neal,   Chaa  8,  Trusteo 137 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 1*2 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Truatee 113 

Neal,  Chas  3,  Trustee 1*9 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Truatee 150 

Neal,    Chas  8,  Trustee 151 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 162 

Neal,   Chaa  8,  TruBtce 154 

Heel,   ChaB  8,  Trustee 156 

Neal.  Chaa  8,  Truatee 172 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 183 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 186 

Neal.  Chafl  8.  Trustee 189 

Neal,  Chaa  8,  Trustee 192 

Neal,   Chas  8,  TruBteo 194 

Neal,  Chafl  8,  Trustee 200 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 209 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 224 

Neal,  Chaa  8,  Trustee 225 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 226 

Noal,  Chaa  8,  Trusteo 228 

Neal,    ChaB  8,  Trustee 229 

Neal,  Chas  8,  TruBtee 231 

Neal,   Chaa  8,  Trustee 232 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trusteo '233 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trusteo 234 

Neal,   Chas  S,*  Trustee 235 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 236 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 250 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 254 

Neal,   ChaB  8,  Trustee 257 

Neal,  ChaB  S,  Trusteo 258 

Neal,    ChaB  8,  Trusteo 259 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 260 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Truatee 261 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 268 

Neal,   Chas  8.  Trustee 269 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 296 

Neal,  ChBS  8,  Truatee 302 

Neal,  ChaB  8,  Trustee 329 

Perry,  John,  Jr,  Trustee 175 

Richardflon,  E  A,  Trustee 300 

Sleeper,  George.  TruBtee 170 

Sides,  B  P,  Trustee 284 

Sides.  B  F,  Trustee 285 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 286 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 310 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 311 

Sides,  B  F,  TruBtee 312 

8ideB,  B  F,  Trustee 314 

Sides,  B  F,  Trusteo 315 

Sides,  BF,  Trustee 316 

Sides,  B  F.  Trustee 318 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 319 

Bides,  B  F,  TruBtce 820 

SideB,  B  F,  Trustee 321 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 322 

SideB,  B  F,  Trusteo 323 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 324 

Sides.  B  F,  TruBtee 339 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 340 

Bloan,  HH 118 

Sloan,  HH 123 

Sloan,  HH 124 

Sloan,  HH 125 

Sloan.HH 127 

Tibbey,  E  8,  Trustee 223 

Uhler,  J  Clem,  Trustee 290 

Uhler,  J  Clem,  Trustee 292 

Uhler,  J  Clem,  Trustee 293 

Uhler,  J  Clem,  Trustee 294 

Uhler,  J  Clem,  Trustee 325 

TViederhold,  C 63 

"Wiederhold,  C 64 

Wiederhold,  C 60 

Wiederhold,  C 69 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  second  day  of  April, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  mil  be  sold  at  pxiblic  auction  at  the  office 
of  tbo  Company,  Room  21,  Hayward's  Building,  419  Cali- 
fornia street,  on  Friday,  the  thirty-first  day  of  May,  1872, 
at  the  hour  of  one  o'clock,  p.  M„  of  said  day,  to  pay  sujd 
delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

CHAS.  S.  NEAi,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  No  2,  Hayward's  Building,  419  California 
street,  San  FranciBco,  California. 


No.Sbar.-s.      Am't. 

2UO 

iM  00 

Kill 

2.'   UO 

100 

10  no 

100 

26  00 

100 

25  00 

60 

12  60 

60 

12  50 

60 

12  B0 

60 

12  5|J 

60 

12  511 

50 

12  .',11 

25 

6  25 

60 

12  60 

HO 

125  00 

100 

26  00 

100 

25  00 

lull 

26  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

60 

12  50 

60 

12  50 

60 

12  50 

26 

6  25 

250 

112  50 

260 

62  50 

260 

02  50 

100 

25  00 

3111 

75  00 

260 

112   50 

1110 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  oil 

100 

25  00 

60 

12  50 

25 

E  26 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  no 

100 

25  00 

20 

5  00 

10 

2  50 

10 

2  60 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

1110 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

26  00 

100 

25  00 

25 

6  25 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

200 

50  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

111 

2  60 

200 

60  00 

200 

60  00 

200 

50  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

25  00 

100 

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THE  GARDNER  AUT0M1TICJ1FBTY-ST0P   GOVERNOR. 

Th'-ae  Governors  have  imw  Ixen  sold  in  tbi*  mari-t  fog  uvi  Ml  years,  anil  wherever  nnre  introduced  and  made 
kDuwii,  arw  invariably  sought  Latter.  They  am  in  (he  EurU-ni  Btstes  tut  displacing  ail  other  Steam  Qavaraare.  end 
hiv  regni'i  iter.    They  are  ujitmiiV'iHn  >i  by  tfeesre.  Qorchur  &  Bobartton,  prectlaeJ  engineers, 

who  tuvra  given  tunny  yeen  time  011  laeivelj  t>>  their  umuufa*  ture  mid  perfection.    The  iiuiuufacturvrs  w,y:  After 
U ii  experleno  ol  i  Loves  fenn  In  the  uiauufactare  uf  the.  above  Governor,  during  which  time  several  important  im 


provomenta  have  been  made  and  two 
additional  patents  obtained,  we  tee! 
juiitUkd  in  recoiii mending  It  to  all 
pnrttes  uaing  Steam  power,  and  war- 
muting  it  tM  be  thu  uio»t  perfect  regu- 
lator in  the  market. 
The.  Gardner  Governor  In  so  well 

known  ihatwe  think  it  nnneoeaatn  to 
enterlnto  a  detailed  i  ipluutlon  of  tho 
principles.  Involvedi  or  detail!  In  Its 

construction,  merely  giving  the  lead- 
ing objects   realized  by  thin  huportunt 

Invention.     The  Governor  couibiiies 

with  the  greatest  Bimplloity  of  con- 
btrm  tf'iu.aeciinit'.  ri«nh.li"!i  of  Speed, 
I'OHITIVE  INHUJtANCK  At'iAINKT  ALL  ACCI- 
DMkm  LIAULE  TO  OCCUB  FUUM  BLU'PIHO 
ull  I'AllTLNU  THK  GoVEHNOU  OU  DltlVISO 

uua,and  a  convenient  arrangement 

for    AWUHTINO    TUB   SPEED  OF  THK  I'.N- 

oine  wuile  in  Mi  UK'S,  without  change 

of  pulllea. 

The.  construction  of  tho  Governor  is 
extremely  uimple,  huviug  no  springs, 
Inside  j'->itit*,  swivels,  or  purta  liubit; 

to diHarrangemont, all  these verul  parts 
are  duplicates  of  ouch  other  in  the  same 
series;  the  most  skillful  workmen  uro 
employed,  tho  best  material  used  and 
the    machinery    employed    especially 


adapted  to  their  manufacture.  The 
Valve     iH     IlU'St    1-KlIFKCTLt    JiALAHCED, 

end  the  Governor  is  built  with  a  view 
of  securing  the  quickest  and  most  sen- 
sitive action  posnibly  ntlniuabls  In  a 
steam  regulator.  Thus  with  no  unit.  < 
machinery,  and  skilled  labor,  and  de- 
voting our  WHOLE  ATTENTION  to  the 
in  UUlfarture  Of  THIS  ONE  AIITICLE,  WO 
ar.'  able  to  produce  a  perfect  and  relia- 
ble Governor  at  m  low  price. 

We  do  not  publish  any  letters  of  rec- 
ommendations, but  can  give  references 
to  upwards  of  6.00U  pailties  turouoh- 
odt  the  United  States,  who  are  using 
!in  Gardner  Governor. 

Wu  would  especially  invite  the  atten- 
tion of  steam  Engine  builders  to  this 
Govornor,  feeling  ussured  that  they 
can  purchase  for  less  than  they  can 
make  an  inferior  article,  and  thereby 
Increase  the  value  and  sales  of  their 
Engines. 

We  respectfully  refer  to  tho  follow- 
ing parties  using  the  Gardner  Gov- 
BBHOB,  and  can  speak  unUerstandlngly 
of  its  merits;  Oakland  Cotton  Mills, 
the  fielby  Lead  and  Silver  Smelting 
Works,  L.  k  E.  Emunuel,  Vulcan  Iron 
Works,  Fulton  Foundry,  Levi  son  Bros. , 


Cal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory.  D.  A.  McDonald  &  Co,,  and  others  in  San  Francisco;  Ophir  Co  ,  Lady 
Uryau,  and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  Virginia,  Nev.;  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F. 
Ohury,  "Albany,  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

S^WE  WAltRAN'f  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  circumstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  niilcB  of  Sun  FrauciRco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  It  may  be  returned  to  us 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

{C^-When  ordering  please  Btate  whether  TaTtorrLE- Valve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Finished 
Governor  is  desired.  VThe  rate  of  speed  for  Governor  is  fdllt  stamped  on  the  revolving  head  of  every 
Governor.    Send  for  circulur  and  price  list  to 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Aercnts    for    Paclflo    States,    Han.   Francisco. 

1&~\t  Trcndwell  &  Co.'sflato  BERRY  ft  PLACE'S) Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  may  be  found  in  atock  tho  above 
Governors,  together  With  all  nlzeu  o(  HOADLEY'S  PORTABLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS,  STURTE- 
VANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS,  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DREYFUS'S  CYLINDER  LUBKIGATOItS,  Etc. 
AlBO  a  heavy  stock  of  HAKDWAP.E  AND  MINING  TOOLS,  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BOILER  FELT 
(Bavoa26percent.o(  fuel),  SELF  OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kindu),  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplieB  and  Millmen'B  findings.        7v21-tf 


Alleghany  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 

R any— Location  of  works,  Alleghany.  Sierra  County,  Cal. 
'once  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  suid  Company,  held  on  the  2lith  day  of  April. 
\H11,  an  assessment  of  twenty  cents  per  share  was  levied 
ujnm  the  capital  stuck  of  naid  company,  payable  imme- 
diately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Socreiary,  at  his 
oince,  il  New  Merchant-''  Exchange.  California  street.  Any 
stock  on  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  the 
third  day  of  June,  1872,  shall  bo  deemed  delinquent,  and 
will  he  duly  advertised  for  sale,  at  publiu  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Mon- 
day, the  24th  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  ftilu.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

J.  M.  BL-FFINGTON,  Secretary. 
Office,  No.  37     (third  floor),  New  Merchants' Exchange, 
California  street,  San  Francisco.  ma4-4t 


Eagle  Quicksilver  Mining  Company— Lo- 

cation  of  works,  Santa  Barbara  County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  chat  ut  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  May, 
187%  an  assessment  of  S4t>  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
mines  of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  gold  coin 
of  the  United  StateB,  to  the  Secretary  at  bin  office,  room 
5,  No.  3u2  Montgomery ;  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  shares  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  nn- 
paiu,  on  Thursday,  July  11th,  1872,  shall  bo  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  on  Saturday,  July  13th, 
1872.  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be 
made  before,  will  bo  sold  on  Monday,  the  15th  day  of  July, 
f'i-.  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  advertisingand  expenses  uf  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  1  ruuteos.  Wm.  II.  WATSON,  Secretary. 

Omce—Koom  5.  No.  31)2  Montgomery  street,  San  Francis- 
co California.  ma. 11. 


Kincaid  Flat  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works, Tuolumne  County,  State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  ut  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  ou  the  23d  duy  of  April,  1872, 
an  assessment  of  Three  .Dollars  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock,  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  :•■  ■!<!  and  silver  cuin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  his 
office.  No.  2iV  Clay  street,  San  F'rancisco,  Cal.  Any  stock 
upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  the 
2'ith  day  of  May,  1872,  sh^ll  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will 
be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unleBS 
payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the 
17th  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  co- tB  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By 
order  of  tho  Board  of  Trustees. 

R.  H   CORNELL,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  220  Clay  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    ap27-4w 


Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company — Lo- 
cation of    works,    Maynard    Mining    District,    Mohave 

County,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  fith  day  of  AprU,  1872, 
an  assessment  of  Ten  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  Companv,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  tho  office  of  the 
company,  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco. 
Caliiomia.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Wednesday,  tho  icth  day  of  May,  1872, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  asBHBsment,  together  with  tho  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  W.  COLBURN,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
California.  apl3 


Mt.  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany.—Location  of  works,  First  Garote,  Tuolumno 
county,  California. 

Notice. — There  are  delinqnent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  two  (2) 
levied  on  the  third  ('J)  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1872,  the  sev- 
eral amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  tho  respective 
shareholders  as  follows : 

Names.  No  Certificate.    No.  Shares.       Am't- 

Creamer,  J.  M 63  75  $22  50 

Galloway,  W.  T.,  Trustee.60  CO  15  00 

Lewis.  L.  J.,  Trustee 50  100  30  00 

LewlB,  L.  J.,  Trusteo 57  75  22  50 

Lewis,  L.  J.,  TiU6tee 64  25  7  50 

Lewis,  L.  J.,  Trusteo 55  125  37  50 

Martin  &  Lane 12  200  60  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.,  Tr...  .16  1380  414  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.,  Tr  ...18  200  60  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 19  200  60  00 

Uichardson,  E.  A.  Tr 20  200  60  00 

Richardson,  E,  A.  Tr 21  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 22  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 23  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E  A.  Tr 24  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 25  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 26  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 27  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 28  50  15  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 23  30  9  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 34  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 36  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 38  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 46  300  90  00 

Shattuck,  D.  D 55  13150  3945  00 

Shattuck.D.  D 62  150  45  00 

Stiles,  A.  G 9  600  150  00 

Stiles,  A.  G .'..42  1139  339  00 

Woolsey,  E.W 10  100  30  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  third  day  of  April,  1872, 
so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of 
the  Company,  on  the  twenty-second  daj  of  May,  1872, 
at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said 
Telinquent  Assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  St.,  Room  No.  2.  mali-3t 

Mt.  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany—postponement.— The  sale  of  delinquent  atock 

on  the  above  assessment  is  hereby  postponed  until 

Wednesday,  the.27th  day  of  May,  a.d.  1872,  at  2  p.  m,, 

at  office  of  company.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

mal8-2t  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 


2  50 


Stockholders'  Meeting.— A  meeting  of 

the  Stockholders  of  the  Silver  Cord  Mining  Company, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  will  be  held  at  the  office  of  the 
company,  418  California  t-treet,  on  Monday,  the  27th 
day  of  May,  1872,  at  3  o'clock,  for  the  election  of  Trus- 
tees for  the  ensuing  year,  and  for  the  transaction  of  any 
other  general  btiBiness. 

W.  J.  WILLIAMS,  Secretary. 
ml8-2t  *er  order  of  the  President. 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works,  Auburn  District,  Placer   county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia, 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  ata  meeting  of  the  Trustees 
of  said  company,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  May.  187^.  an  assess- 
ment of  20  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  tho  capital -took 
of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  United  States 
gold  and  eilvur  coin,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  company, at  tho 
office  of  the  company,  No.  321)  California  street,  room  No. 
5,  Han  F*rancisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Monday,  tho  lUth  day  of  June,  1872,  shall  be  deem- 
ed delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  bo  made  before,  will 
be  sold  on  Monday  the  first  day  of  July,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  witli  cost  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  tho  sale.  GEO.  R.  SPINNEY,  Secretary. 
mall-4t         No. 320  California  St.,  Sun  Francisco,  Cal. 


Office  of  the  Silver  Sprout  Mining  Com- 

{any— San  Francisco,  April  20,  1872. 
n  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  tho  Silver  Sprout  Mining  Com- 
pany, held  this  day,  a  special  meeting  of  tho  stockholders 
of  said  company  is  hereby  called,  the  same  to  be  held  at 
the  oftice  of  the  company.  No.  318  California  street  (Room 
No.  1,  second  lioor),  San  Francisco,  California,  on  Monday, 
the  3d  day  of  June,  1872.  at  1  o'clock  P.  H,}  to  take  into 
consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition  to  increase 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  from  three  million  five 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  divided  into  five  thousand 
shares,  of  tho  par  value  of  seven  hundred  dollars  each  (the 
present  capital  stock),  to  rive  million  dollars,  divided  into 
fifty  thousand  shares,  of  the  par  value  of  one  hundred  dol- 
lars each.  NATHANIi-L  PAUE,  ) 

A.  W1NGARD,  }  Trustees. 

mal-4t  B.  F.  TUTTLE,  ) 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company— -Location 

of  works,  "White  Pine  Mining  District,  White  Pine 
county,  Nevada. 

Notice: — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment,  No.  8,  levied 
on  the  10th  day  of  April,  A.  1>.  1872,  the  several 
amounts  sot  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificates.    No,  Shares.       Am't. 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee 352  2t'0  S100  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee. . .  .376  10  5  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trusteo 490  50  25  00 

Breed,  H  L,  Trustee 394  20  10  00 

Cope,  Geo  W,  Trustee 508  100  50  00 

Crocker,  J  H,  Trustee 492  100  50  00 

Crocker,  J  H,  Trustee. . .  .493  50  25  00 

Holmes,  H  J 511  447  223  50 

Loveland,  L  F,  Trustee.  .217  50  25  00 

Pomeroy,  E  B, 474  200  100  00 

Richardson,  E  A,  Trusteo.,42!)  100  50  00 

Richurd6on,EA,Trustee..43U  100  50  00 

Richardson, EA, Trustee. .471  100  50  00 

Richardson, EA,Trustee..450  150  75  00 

Richardson  EA,Trustee.,486  80  40  00 

Richardson, EA, Trustee. .496  60  25  00 

Whito,  JasT, 399  12  6  00 

Woods,  F  H,  Trusteo 375  22  1100 

Woods,  F  H.  Trustee 434  10  5  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
paid  Company,  on  Thursday,  the  13th  day  of  June,  A.  D. 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  St.,  Room  102,  San  Francisco, 
California.  mal8-4t, 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company — 

Location  of  works,  Piermont  Mining  District,  White  Pine 

County,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
of  .-aid  company,  he  id  on  the  sixteenth  (I6th)  d  y 
of  April,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Forty  Con  s  per  snare  was 
levied  uno'i  the  capital  «lock  of  eaid  company,  pay&Me  im- 
iii-  li.ii'  l.v,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  S.oreiarj,  at 
the  office  of  the  empany.  Any  stuck  upon  which  said 
i  -hull  remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  twentieth 
Wth]  day  nf  May,  1^;'.',  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  for  sate  at  public  auction,  and  un- 
less payment  shall  bo  made  Ik-I'iti*.  will  !>■-  nold  no  Wedm.-a- 
day,  the  nineU'ontu  (lyth)  day  o<  June,  18:2,  at  the  hour  of 
1  (retook  P.  M.  at  the  otiiee  of  the  company,  to  pay  the  dit- 
limiuent  asBeasmeut,  together  with  c<>sti  of  advertfeinf 
ana  expenses  of  talo.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  lift  California  slreet,  San  Kranci^eo.  ap27  4w 


San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mining  Com- 
pany—Location  of  Works,  Little  Cottonwood  Mining 
Ulitriet,  Utah  Terrltoir. 

No  ice  is  hereliy  Kiven.  that  at  a  moo' in c of  tho  Board  of 
Trusloi-sof  said  Comp  ny,  held  on  thu  thirteentb(l.tth)  day 
of  April  a.  l>..  1978,  an  assesamunt  of  Twenty-live  [251  cntB 
porsuure  w  -e  levied  > Jpon  the  assessable  stock  of  said  com- 
pany,  payahle   Immediately  to  the  Secretary  at   thu  ottlce 

uf   i  ■ i]. ..ii', .     Any  stock  upon  which  said  a»sennment 

bIiuII  remain  unpaid  on  Thursday,  tbo  16th  day  of  Muy.A.  1)., 
1873,  "hall  be  deemed  dellnqnonti  ^nd  will  be  duly  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  «  net  ion.  and  unle-Ms  payment  shall  be 
made  before,  will  be  Hold  Oil  Saturday  I  he  eighth  t8tll)  day 
of  Junp,  A.  D.(  IHT'J,  ut  the  otneo  of  the  company,  at  tho 
hour  of  I  o'clock,  F.  M,.  to  piy  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 
By  order  of  tho  Board  of  Trustee*". 

•J.  W.  CLARK.  Secrstury. 

Office— No.  418  California  street,  San  Frauuisco,  Oaliuttv 
nla.  aptt)-iw 

SAN    FRANCISCO   TUNNEL   AND    MINING    COM 

PANY— POSTI'UNKMENT-Tho  day  for  deeming  stock 
delinquent  on  the  above  assessment  is  hereby  postponed 
until  Tuesday,  May  .'l-t,  A.  I).  1872,  and  the  sale  thereof 
until  Monday,  the  10th  day  of  June,  A.  T>.  1872.  By  order  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees. 

ma-|-3t  '        J.  W.  CLARK.  Secretary. 


Silver  Sprout  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works    and    mine,  Kearsarge  District,  Inyo  County, 

State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  hold  on  the  2'Jth  day  of  April, 
IK72,  an  assessment  or  fifty  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immediately  in 
i  nil  i'ii  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of 
the  Company,  Room  No.  1,  second  tioor,  31rf  California  st., 
S.  F..  Any  stock  upon  which  said  aHscusmtrnt  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  first  day  of  June,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  anle&s  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  tbo  22a  duy  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expen- 
ses of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees. 

ma4-4t  T.  B.  WINGARD   Secretary. 

Office,  Room  No.  1,  second  floor,  No.  318  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Spring  Mountain  Tunnel  Company.— Lo- 

cation  of  Works,  Ely  Mining  District,  Pioche,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Bourd  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  11th.  day  of  April. 
1872,  an  assessment  of  fifteen  (15)  cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immedi- 
ately in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretaay, 
at  the  office  of  the  company,  Room  37,  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  St.,  City  ana  County  of  San  Francisco,  State  of 
California.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Monday  the 20th  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale,  at 
public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday  the  lllth  day  of  June,  1872.  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  exponBes  of  Bale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  J.  M.  BUFFINGTON.  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  37,  New  Merchants' Exchange,  California 
Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  ap20-4w 


Stockholders  Notice— Office  of  the  Tecum- 

aeh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Mining  Company.  San  Fran- 
cisco, May  6th,  1872. 

In  iccordapca  with  a  Resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper 
Mining  Company,  held  this  day,  a  special  meeting  of  the 
stockholders  of  said  Company  ishereby  called,  the  same 
to  be  held  at  E.  Magriseh'u  Hall.  S.  W.  cor.  of  Keamyand 
Clay  Sts..  oppose  the  Pla/.a,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  on  Wed- 
nesday, tho  12th  day  of  June  A.  D.  1872,  at  2  o'clock  p.  m., 
to  take  into  consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition 
to  increase  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company  from  one 
hundred  fifty-three  thousand  and  live  hundred  dollars, 
divided  Into  six  hundred  and  fourteen  shares  of  two  hun- 
dred fifty  dollars  each,  the  present  capital  of  the  Com- 
pany, to  three  millions  of  dollars,  to  be  divided  into  thirty 
thousand  shares  of  one'hundred  dollars  each. 
J.TH.  HELMKEN,  ") 
J.  F.  G.  EGGERS,  I  T-,toi-n«o 
JACOB  HAHN.  f        T  u"toes' 

i\  SCHUMACHER.      J 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

ing  Company. — Location  of  workB,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Baid  Company,  held  on  the  24th  day  of 
April,  1872,  on  assessment  of  Five  ($5.00)  dollars  per 
share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company, 

Rtiyable  immediately,  in  United  States  gold  and  silver  coin, 
)  the  Secretary,  F.  J.  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  634  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  29th  day  of  May,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auotion,  and  unless  payment  shall  bo  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Monday,  the  17th  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
oxpensos  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretary. 
Office,  634  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    Office 
hours  from  II  a.  m.  to  2  r.  M. ma4-4t 

Union  Gold   Mining   Company.— Location 

of  works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  5)  levied 
on  the  11th  day  of  April,  1872,  the  several  amountB  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  shares.    Amount. 

Muhoney,  Denis 46  100  $100.00 

Mahoney,  Denis 47  60  60.00 

Mahoney,  Denis 62  75  75.00 

Mahoney,  Denis 63  100  IW'.OO 

Austin   A.C 65  15  16.00 

Hale,  William  F 129  60  60.00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  11th  day  of  April, 
1872,  so  many  shores  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  he  sold  at  public  auction  at  the 
office  of  the  Company,  Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Ex- 
change Building,  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia, on  Monday  the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  at  the  hour 
of  1  o'clock,  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale. 

ALFRED  K.  DURBROW  Secretary. 
Office— Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building, 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California.         myl>-  tt 

Washington    Mining    Company— Location 

of  works  and  mines,  Mariposa  County,  State  of  Cal. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  May, 
1872,  an  assessment  of  S3  per  Bhare  was  levied  up  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  suid  company,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  and  silvur  coin,  to  the  Secreary  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  No,  318  California  street,  San  Francisco,. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shad  remain  un- 
paid on  the  llth  day  of  June.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shallbe  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  29th  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  delin- 
qnent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.B.  WINGARD,  Secretary. 

Office— Room  No,  1,  second  floor  of  No.  318  California 
Btreet,  San  Francisco,  ma.11-4 


318 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  18,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABLISHED    XS51. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

"First  and  Fremont  streets* 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

I  ItA    P.    KANKIN.  A.  P.  BBATTOJ, 

GEO,  w.  FOGG,  Superintendent. 

S5teain.Englii.es  audBoilcrs, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  oilier  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
arices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

1&~  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Kpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  eODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MAKO FACTO REUS    Of 

«07Jb:^.AX    ENGINES, 
Quartz.    Flour    and    Sa-vr   Mills, 

Hayes'  Improved   Steam  Pump.  TJrodle's  Im- 
proved     Crasher*      Mining     I'nrapi, 
Amalgamators,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission  Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  egual  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say:— 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
^Printing   Presses. 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  ACTOSEIt   and   SOLS  AGENT  FOB 

Pracy'8     Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v28tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

mahofacturbbs  or 
STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 


WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Uiiabnr'i  Patent  Self-Ad] listing  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  AIlnlnK  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  X  and  O  streets, 

8iCR»MKMT(>   ClTT 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND   OTHER   IRON 

—  AMD  — 

Every  Variety  of  Splint  ring", 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 

Steamboat    Shafts,   Cranks,     Piston     and    Con. 

nectlDg  Hods,  Cur  and  locomotive  Axles 

and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 
»9*  Orders  addressed  to     PACIFIC    ROLLING     MILL 
3JMPANY   Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,wlll      ceive 
>rompt  attention 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY    BLOWER, 


MANUTACTUBED  AT  THE 


[Sectional  view  showing  the  pistons  and  gearing.  ] 


GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton.    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First    Premium   at  the   Palis 

Exposition. — PatentettNovember  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 

in  use. 


For 

4v2-ltf 


Circulars 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  Eeen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foun- 
dry, San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron< 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho r s e-P ower  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes, 
and  further  information,  Address 

GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GTFFARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface   Condensers. 

DAVirTsTODDART, 

114  EEALE  STREET,  S.  P. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

P.  I.  CUEKT  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  "Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
SOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL      BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest   Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    BISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL 51,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS  : 
Corner  of  .Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  laces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wna.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  TVm,  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD .....Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &~BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  6hort  notice. 
Notioe. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  PreBcott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

iwarysvillT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating:  Machinery , 
SAW  AND  GKIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing requiied  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
5v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &.    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  CoastJ. 
Cor.    First    and    Mission.    Bis., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Eepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part— made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  sizo. 

Irrigating-    Pumps.     Steam,   Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.BOOTH.  GEO.W.PRESCOTT.  TRYING  M.SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


SATT    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANTJFACTUKEBS  OF  ALL  KINDS  OP 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 
San  Francisco. 

LIUHT  AND  HEAVT  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  mannfactared  24vl6qr 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridgreton,  N.  J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT   CANKERS   TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-lb.  Can  Press  for  $G6;  Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $16,  etc.  13v2M3t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


*S-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron 


Svl43m 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Fbanoisoo. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  1S55  First  street,  opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kikd3  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Jastings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, Sheathing 
Sails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  andSteamboat  Bella  and 
Jongsof  superiortone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
lraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tiona  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
j*3-  PRICES  MODERATE.  -«t 
J.  H.  WEED*  V.  KINGWELL. 


THE    HIGHEST    PREMIUM 

Awarded  by  the  MeehanicB'  Destitute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
TheBe  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  aU  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  tho  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rods  and  stems  lastB  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction.  Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  tho 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills,. 
aB  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 
CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


May  i8,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


319 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MAMJFACTTQE88     OF 


WOOD-WORXING    MACHmEET, 

tuut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 
Philadelphia. 
aW  Woodworth  Planer*  &  Specialty.  2v23-ly 

The   Hesse  Grinder    and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     TJSE! 
lipecUlly  wall  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 

phuret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
301  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
•3"  Send  for  Circular.  13v2t.3m 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

I J  O  I  L  1 2  1  £      MAKERS 

AND  OE1ERAL  .'l.U  1IIMSTS, 
Howard  it.  between  Fremont  anil   Beale.  flan  Franclsro. 


CAI/DWEI-L'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  tho  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
soil  110  H.jilt!  ptrcct,  San  Francisco. 
3V.M-3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


HENDY'8 
Improved     Lamont    Steam    Engine    Regulator, 

WITH    STOP    VALVE    ATTACHED. 

I»  EBPECTLY    REIL,IA.BIL,E. 

Rapidly  Superceding   all    other 
GOVERNORS 

Wherever  introduced. 
We    In-\-It«s    tho     Attention    of    those 

INTERESTED    IN    OB    USING 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

TO    OtJB 

IMPROVED  REGULATOR  AND  CUT-OFF, 

FOR    EITHER 

Stationary  or  Portable 

ENGINES. 

An    Examination   'Will 

BE      SUFFICIENT      TO      SATISFY     THE 

MOST     SKEPTICAL 

OF    ITS    UTILITY    AlVD 

SIMPLICITY, 

And  the  many  References  in  Our  Possession 

FEOM    ENGINEERS    WHO    ARE 

.Using  them,  attest  their 

PRACTICAL    SUPERIORITY 

Over  all  others. 

"We  refer  to  Union  Iron  "Works;  Pacific  Iron 
"Works;  Fulton  Iron  Works;  M.  Taylor,  Grass 
Valley;  Phoenix  Quicksilver  Mining  Co.,  Napa 
Co. ;  Samuel  MeCurdy,  Nevada  Co.,  and  others. 

JOSHUA.    HENDY, 
Office  and  Works,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 
Hendy's  Ore  Concentrators  and  Circular  Saw  Mills.  4v24-lam-tf 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  260  feet 
in  length  and  ICO  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

Tbeae  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled* 

f  For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
havo  no  equal.  No  effort  haB  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  haB 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  issufflcient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  aB  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  tho  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows . 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forcee 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  in  drawn  down  through 
the  apperturo  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  ills  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  tho  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
'  gamated. 

Setters  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  tho  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setters 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


NELSON   &  DOBLE, 

AGENTS   FOR 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANOFACTORERS  OF 
Sledge*.    Hummers,    Stone    Cutter*',    Uliick 

smith**  and  Hor»e-8hoerr  Tool*. 
13  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market.  San  Francis 
tuvHar 


Notice. 

TJ.  S.  Patent  Office.  Washington.  D.  0.,  April  16th, 
1872.— On  the  petition  of  Charles  P.  Stanford,  of  San 
Francisco,  Cal :— Praying  for  the  extension  of  a  patent 
granted  to  him  on  the  27th  day  of  July,  1858,  for  an  im- 
provement in  Feeding  Quartz,  etc.,  to  Machines  for 
CrUBhing  and  Grinding  the  same. 

It  is  ordered  that  the  testimony  in  the  case  he  closed 
on  the  25th  day  of  June  next,  that  the  time  for  filing 
arguments  and  tho  Examiner's  report  be  limited  to  the 
5th  day  of  July  next,  and  that  said  petition  be  heard  on 
the  10th  day  of  July  next. 

Any  person  may  oppose  this  extension. 

mll-3t  M.  D.  LE80ETT,  Commissioner. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


ALFRED    S.    MOORE    &    CO., 

428  SANSOME  STREET, SAN  FEANCISCO 


r 

» 

ft 
< 


► 

M 
H 

H 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COM  MISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MAX 

Oo  all  Llnd.  of  Ore.,  and  partfcalar  atlrntlol 
PAID  TO 

CONSIGN  M  K  \  T(4  OF  OOOBS. 

«vl6-3m 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

■\'i\    M  .iiiiifMiin-ry  St.  up  ataln. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores. 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  ProdudtB,  Mineral  Water*, 
SoIIb,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal Instruction  in  Apsaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-Sm 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  17.  S.  Branch  Mint,  B.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallvirgf»onJ 

CHEMIST, 
No.    Oil     Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint, 

San  Fhancisco,  Cal.  7v31*3ih 


Importers    and    Dealers    in 

Iron  and  Brass  Force  and  Lift  PUMPS,  Hydraulic  Rams, 

GARDEN   ENGINES, 

BUTCHERS'  PICKLE  PUMPS, 

CHEAP  DEEP  WELL  LIFT  PUMPS, 

DEEP  WELL  FORCE  PUMPS, 

BOILER  FEED  PUMPS, 

STEEL  AMALGAM  FARM  BELLS, 
PIPE  HOSE,  HOSE  PIPES, 

COUPLINGS,  ETC.,  ETC, 

The  above  named  goods  are  unequaled  for  finish  by  any  others  in  the  marlret,  and  the  prices  will  compare 
favorably.  For  instance,  the  price  of  the  Three-inch  Force  PUMP  represented  in  the  cut,  with  air  chamber  hav- 
ing two  outlets,  is  FIFTEEN  DOLLARS.  Illustrated  Catalogue  sent  upon  application.  Pipe  cut  to  any  required 
length,  and  estimates  furniBhed,  13v3-lam-bp 


J.  W.  THUBMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  atteTilion  paid  to  Orel  received  on  consignmtnt 

ALL  ORDERS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v2-i-6m 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    SIS    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.  A.   MARS,   Assayer. 
ay  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v20 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 
SWANSEA. 


Richardson  <fc  Oo.  have  been  for  thirty 


ears  established 
iampling.  Assay- 


in  Swansea  as  Agents  for  the  preparation,  uauiunUK,  nilw,. 
ine,  and  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Gold,  Lead,  Zinc,  and  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  for  which  thoy  hnvu  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  under  cover,  1,000  feet  of  yuay  Front- 
age within  the  Floating  Dock,  and  the  most  compltite  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  against  Ores  in  anticipation  if  realization,  and  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  17v21-ly 


O.  W.  STRONG. 


W. L. STRONG 


G.  W.   STRONG   &   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  FlrBt,   San  Francisco 


We  purchase  OreB,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pnrehased.  22vl8- 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals. 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 

512  >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayera, 
ChemiBts,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furniBhing  theBe  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  OertlingB,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  WeightB. 

Humid  AsBay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Firo  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifi- 
ers,  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  for  Sand)  CrucibleB. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  CrucibleB  aud  Covers — 
all  sizeB. 

Aasayera'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware- a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Garb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Aehes,  Llthaiee. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  ManganeBe,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,   and  all  Chemicals. 

and  Reagents  required  by  ABsayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
sy  Our  Gold  and  Silver  TableB,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

24v23-tr  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  OO, 


320 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  18,  1872. 


Scientific  Press 


Oub  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency  presents 
many  and  important  advantages  as  a  Home  Agency  over 
all  others  by  reasons  of  long  establishment,  great  expe- 
rience, thorough  system,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  subjects  of  inventions  in  our  own  community. 
All  worthy  inventions  patented  through  our  Agency  will 
have  the  benefit  of  an  illustration  or  a  description  in  the 
Scientific  Press.  We  transact  every  branch  of  Patent 
ousiness,  and  obtain  Patents  in  all  civilised  countries. 
The  large  majority  of  U.  S  and  Foreign  Patents  granted 
to  inventors  on  the  Pacific  CoaBt  have  been  obtained 
through  our  Agency.  We  can  give  the  best  and  most 
reliable  advice  as  to  the  patentability  of  new  inventions. 
Advice  and  Circulars  free.  Out  prices  are  as  low  as 
any  first-clasB  agencies  in  the  EaBtern  States,  while  oui 
advantages  for  Pacific  Coast  inventors  are  far  superior. 

Engraving  on  Wood,  of  every  kind,  for  illustrating 
machinery,  buildings,  trade  circulars,  labels,  plain  or  in 
colors,  designed  and  cut  in  the  best  style  of  the  art  by 
experts  in  our  own  office.    Also,  engraving  on  metals. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 

Publisher*,  Patent  Acenta.  and  Engraven' 

No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Ca 


O.    P_JB.    H. 

COMMENCING 

Monday,   April  29th,    1872. 
And  until  further  notice.  Trains  and  Boats  will 

LEAVE    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


7  00  A.  M.    Overland  Express  Train  for   Sacramento, 
■uu  Marysville,  Red  Bluff,  Colfax,  Renq,  Ogden  and 
Omaha^ 

O  (\(\  P.  M.    San  Jose  Passenger  Train,  stopping  at  all 
g,uu  way  Stations. 


4-  00  **■  ^'*    P&ssenger  Train  for  Stockton,  Merced  and 
■■*■'*■'  Sacramento. 


g  QQ  P  M.    Overland  Emigrant  Train,  Through  Freight 
»*»**"  nnd  Accommodation. 


Steamer  New  World  (from  Broadway  Wharf) 

-Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  Trains  of  California 
Pacific  Railroad. 


7  on  a.  ; 


A  nn  P  M  *  Sacramento  Steamer  (from  Broadway 
^"•L,w  Wharf).  Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  trains  of  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad. 

O  nn  P,  M*  Steamer  Antelope,  from  Broadway  Wliarf, 
*-»UU  connecting  at  Donahue  with  Trains  of  S.  F.  and 
North  Pacific  Railroad. 

8  HO.  A.  M.  Excursion  Boat  (Sundays  only)  from  Broad- 
■ uu  way  Wharf,  connecting  witli  Special  Train  of  S.  F. 
4N.P.  R.  R.  for  Cloverdale  and  intermediate  points,  re- 
turning to  San  Francisco  by  7  p.  M. 


OAKLAND  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  00. 
810,  9  2, 1«  10  and  11  20  a.m.,  12  10.  1  50,300,  -I  00,  5  IS,  6 30, 8  OS 
9.20  and  *11  30  p.  m.     (9  20, 11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30,  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Lpave  Oakland,  *5  40,  6  SO,  8  00,  9  10.  10  00,  and  11 10  a. 
m.,  1200, 1  40,  2  50,  3  50,  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  CO, 
and  11 15  a,  m.,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  0u  p.  m.  (1  20, 11  15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  Haywaiids,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  11  20  a.  m.,  130, 

05  and  5  30  p.  m.  *  Except  Sundays. 

T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. Gen'l  Supt. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E,f  & 

Examiner  of  Mites,  Consulting  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSAYER  AND  METALLURGIST,       5- 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  ca 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  — 4 
lurgistB*  Companion,"  (The  very  Comprehensive  0> 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  <£ 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "  Prospector's  Wee  Pet  zr 
Assaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  •■•; 


Important    to    Miners. 

FRET'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 


For  particulars  address 
WATERS  4fc  CO.. 


Assayers,  Ag:ents=, 


NO.  64  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
16v24-3m 


ALL    KINDS    OP 

Office    Desks    and    Book    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  by 
JOHNSON   &   BEST, 
No.  311  Pine  street,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bank, 
18v24-6in  San  Francisco, 


PACIFIC      BRIDGE      COMPANY, 


WORKS    NEAR    SOUTH    POINT    BULL,    BERRY    STREET,    SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Are  Prepared,  with  Superior  Machinery,  to  Manufacture  and  Build  all  kinds  of  Bridges  on  Smith's,  Howe's,  and  other  Improved 

Plans.    Framing  of  all  kinds  done  by  Machinery. 

The  Smith  Bridges  have  been  thoroughly  tested  in  the  East  for  Three  Years,  and  wherever  tried  have  proved  superior  to  any  other 
Bridge  in  the  following  points  : 

Being  built  of  wood  entirely,  they  are  not  affected  by  change  of  temperature. 

The  timber  used  is  placed  so  directly  in  the  line  of  strain,  that  less  material  is  required  to  support  the  same  load. 

It  is  not  perceptibly  affected  by  shrinkage.    It  is  the  most  Economical  Bridge  built.     It  is  adapted  to  any  practicable  Length  of  Span. 

Plans,  Specifications  and  Terms  will  be  sent  to  any  County,  Township  or  Person  wishing  to  build  a  Bridge,  and  no  charge  made  unless  the 
Plan  is  used.    For  all  Public  Bridges  the  Plan  will  always  be  open  to  competition. 

Smith's  celebrated  CAST  IKON  PIEB,  economical,  and  adapted  to  heavy  currents,  built  at  low  rates. 


O.  H.  GOEBILL,  Secretary. 


W.    H.    GORBILL,   President. 


CARS, 

LIGHT,     STRONG     .AJND     ELEGANT. 


Omnibuses     of     Every     Style, 


This  pioneer  firm,  -who  are  now  sending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  worts,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  Btreet,  New  York. 

25v23-eow-26t  JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


W.  T.  GAKRATT  &  CO. 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANTJFACTUEEBS  OP 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

CASTINGS, 

Church,  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN     AXD  AND     HELLS,     GO*  US, 

FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  CockB,  Oil 
GlobeB,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  ^ND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
niBhed  with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  aUBizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

^Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  OABKATT,  JAMES  BTLLMAN,  W.  T.  KTTLK. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    S    GIANT    POWDER,, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BANK     BLA.STING,     COAL     MINES, 

AND    FOR    ATT.    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROCK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded, 

X*rice.    SO  Cents  per    round. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


THE    FREAR    STONE    COMPANY 

OF  CALIFORNIA- 
Office,    638    Market    Street. 

OFFICERS: 
James  Gamble,  I       L.  A.  Booth, 

President.  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE: 
N.W.  Spattlding  Geobge  C.    Potter,  N.  P.  Pebine. 

This  Company  will  contract  to  furnish  or  put  up  the 
heaviest,  strongest  and  most  elaborate  and  elegant  Fire- 
proof Stone  Fronts,  of  any  design,  and  every  Btyle  of 
Plain  and  Ornamental  Door  and  Window  Caps,  Key- 
stones, Sills,  Water  Tables,  Coping  Ashlars,  Plain  and 
Ornamental  St  ne  Work  of  every  description.  Fire- 
proof Buildings  and  Bank  Vaults,  Cemetery  Work,  Curb- 
ing Stones,  Fountains,  etc.,  all  at  prices  far  below  native 
cut  stone,  and  equal,  in  all  respects,  as  to  strength  and 
durability. 

Architects  andBuilders,  before  letting  their  contracts 
for  Stone  Work,  are  requested  to  call  at  the  office  of  this 
Company,  and  examine  certificates,  specimens  and  pho- 
tographs of  buildings  already  constructed  of  Frear  Stone 
in  Chicago  and  other  Eastern  cities. 

For  further  information  apply  to  N.  P.  PERTNE,  638 
Market  street.  [19v24-3m 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

W.  E.  LOOMIS, 

$4  00 

300 

500 

6  00 
15  00 

News  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

8.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

All  the  Year  Round . . 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THE 

Year,  Month,  or  Number 

WHELPLEY    &    ST0RER, 

General    Pulverizing    Mill, 

Main  Street,  between  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

For  Crushing  and  Sampling  Ores. 

Pulverization  of  Foundry  Facings,   Salt,  Ores,  Paint 
Stuffs,  Cement,  or  any  Material  whatever. 

A  SPECIAL  DEPARTMENT 

For  Drugs,    Cb.emi.cals  and  Spices. 

Materials  Pulverized  to  any  degree  of  fineness 
required. 

j£?"  Office  at  Mill,  or  430  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 
ml8-'2w 


REMINGTON'S 

BREECH-LOADING 

Sporting,    Hunting,    and   Target    Rifles. 

Same  system  as  the  "  Remington"  Celebrated  Military 
Rifle,  of  which  over  half  a  million  have  been  sold.  Its 
simplicity  unsurpassed.  For  strength  and  durability 
unequalled.  In  accuracy  nnrivalled.  In  range,  pene- 
tration, and  ease  of  manipulation,  without  comparison. 

The  "Sportsman's"  Delight,  the  "Hunter's"  Favorite, 
the  "  Target- Shoote  1  's"  Pride.    Also 

REVOLVERS  FOR  HOUSE  USE. 

In  these  days  of  thieves  and  Burglaries,  every  house- 
holder should  have  a  revolver  for  home  protection. 
REMINGTON'S  RIFLE  CANE. 

Every  gentleman  should  have  one  for  protection 
against  dogs  and  rowdies,  and  for  field  U6e. 

E.  REMINGTON  &  SONS, 

19v24-Gm  193  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


N.  W.  SPAULDLNTG, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTURES  OP* 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  EOYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 
San  Fbancibco. 


Blowers, 

Steam  Pmr.ps, 

Hair  Felt. 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBINE  WATER  WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-Saving  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stock  of  En- 
gineers', Miners',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 
Mill  Supplies. 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 
At  the      1      Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Sts., 
Old  Stand,/  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

12v24-eow 


Pdeohabekb  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Prksb. 


BY    DEWEY    Ac    CO., 
Piitont    Solicitors. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAY  25,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

IS'iim*>er    21. 


Whelpley  &  Storer's  Pulverizing  Mill. 

A  fow  weeks  ago  wo  called  tho  attention 
of  onr  readers  to  this  invention  and  prom- 
ised to  give  a  full  description  and  illustra- 
tion at  some  future  time.  This  wo  are 
pleased  to  do  in  the  present  issue. 

The  machine  is,  as  its  name  denotes,  for 
the  purpose  of  pulverizing  all  materials 
that  are  capablo  of  such  reduction,  and  its 
range  i3  very  great,  operating  with  equal 
facilities  upon  quartz  and  all  other  ores, 
foundry  facings,  salt,  paints,  cement,  man- 
ganese, bone  dust,  drugs,  chemicals,  and 
spices.  It  has  been  thoroughly  tested  in 
the  Eastern  States,  where  its  merits  are 
beginning  to  be  recognized,  and  after 
some  delay  the  agent  of  Messrs.  Whelpley 
&  Storer  (Mr.  G.  D.  Wyman),  has  erected 
works  in  this  city  upon  Main  street,  be- 
tween Howard  and  Folsom,  where  the  ma- 
chines are  running  constantly  and  our 
statements  can  be  verified.  The  cut  shows 
the  upper  half  of  cylinder  thrown  back  to 
show  the  revolving  paddles  and  the  fan. 
The  ore  or  other  material  is  first  broken 
by  a  machine  so  that  it  will  pass  through 
a  screen,  the  meshes  of  which  are  about 
one  inch.  It  is  then  fed  into  a  hopper  at 
the  right,  and  by  an  automatic  and  easily 
regulated  feed  is  delivered  into  the  drum, 
where  it  is  caught  and  instantly  reduced 
to  a  powder,  the  fineness  of  which  depends 
upon  the  amount  of  air  admitted  with  it, 
and  consequently  upon  the  draft  by  which 
it  is  carried  through  the  machine.  The 
fan  is  situated  upon  the  same  shaft  with 
the  paddles,  and  at  the  end  opposite  the 
feed  opening,  and  it  discharges  the  powder 
through  a  pipe  into  a  dust  room. 

The  machine  as  it  is  described  consists 
of  three  parts  or  elements.  The  first  is  an 
automatic  feed  which  furnishes  a  regular 
and  constant  supply  of  the  material  to  be 
pulverized. 

The  second  is  a  series  of  paddles  revolv- 
ing in  an  iron  drum  or  cylinder,  and  gen- 
erating vortices  of  air  which  reduce  gravel 
or  sand  into  dust,  by  causing  a  mutual  at- 
trition of  particles. 

The  third  is  the  fan-blower,  which  is 
the  continuation  of  the  pulverizing  cylin- 
der, and  separated  from  the  pulverizing 
chamber  by  a  diaphragm  with  central  open- 
ing, through  which  the  dust  is  drawn 
from  it  by  exhaust  as  fast  as  it  is  produced. 
For  most  applications  it  is  necessary  to 
have  a  chamber,  or  series  of  chambers  or 
hoppers,  to  receive  and  collect  the  dust 
produced  by  the  pulverizer.  These  are 
variously  constructed,  to  suit  the  nature 
of  the  material  which  is  to  be  reduced, 
and  the  conditions  under  which  it  is  to  be 
collected. 

Pressure  of  air  upon  the  interior  of  the 
dust  room,  and  consequent  back  pressure 
upon  the  column  issuing  from  the  pulver- 
izer, is  prevented  by  a  pipe  leading  from 
the  extremity  of  the  chamber  back  to  an 
opening  in  the  pulverizer,  close  to  its 
feed  hopper,  thus  inducing  a  constant  cir- 
culation of  the  air.  f 
How  the  Work  is  Done. 
The  mere  statement  of  the  facts  in  the 


case  at  first  appears  singular.  Had  any 
person,  who  never  Baw  or  heard  of  this 
contrivance  before,  beon  asked  to  give  his 
opinion  as  to  what  oould  be  the  result  of 
feeding  ore  into  such  an  apparatus,  he 
surely  would  not  have  predicted  the  re- 
sults actually  obtained.  It  would  have 
been  natural  to  expect  a  little  splintering 
of  the  ore,  and  the  speedy  clogging  of  the 
pulverizing  chamber,  or  perhaps  the  de- 
struction of  the  whole  machine  in  its  ef- 
forts to  clear  itself  of  its  contents.  But  as 
the  truth  is  quite  otherwise,  we  may  well 
ask  by  what  kind  of  action  is  the  ore  re- 
duced to  powder?  It  is  not  ground,  for 
the  machine  is  expressly  constructed  to 
avoid  a  grinding  action,  the  paddles  being 
in  no  case  nearer  to  the  walls  of  the  cylin- 
drical shell  than  half  an  inch;  and  the  ore 
does  not  seem  to  be  comminuted  altogether 
by  splintering  against  the  iron  surfaces, 
for  although  such  action  undoubtedly 
takes  place  at  first  impact,  yet  when  it  has 
reached  a  certain   stage,  and   that  by   no 


few  pounds  of  oio,  at  any  one  time,  the 
quantity  of  power  required  to  keep  the 
machine  in  motion  at  full  velocity  is  but 
little — enough  to  overcome  the  friction  of 
the  journals,  rigidity  of  belting,  and  the 
slight    resistance  of  air   in    the    cylinder. 

The  power  used  in   running  them  is  ex- 
pended on  the  work  of  the  machine. 
Endurance  of  Wearing  Paris. 

The  principal  wear  is  upon  the  upper 
edge  of  the  paddles  which  are  made  of 
chilled  iron.  When  a  set  of  paddles  are 
worn  nearly  down  to  the  bolt  heads  they 
are  reversed,  and  used  until  the  second 
edge  is  worn,  when  they  must  be  replaced 
by  a  new  set,  which  may  bo  done  by  any 
ordinary  mechanic,  in  an  hour. 

To  convey  to  our  readers  some  idea" of 
the  actual  wear,  it  may  be  sufficient  to 
state  that  the  small  machine  of  which  we 
spoke  in  our  former  article,  has  been  run- 
ning in  this  city  constantly,  for  the  past 
five  months,  having  pulverized  during  that 
time  several  hundred  tons  of  different  ma- 


WHELPLEY    &    STQRER'S     PULVERIZER. 


means  near  the  ultimate  one,  it  cannot 
seemingly  continue  to  any  material  ex- 
tent. The  only  explanation  occurring 
here,  and  that  not  at  all  satisfactory,  is, 
that  in  the  powerful  commotion  produced 
by  the  swift  rotation  of  the  paddles,  the 
particles  clash  fiercely  together  and  trit- 
urate each  other — a  view  confirmed  in 
some  measure  by  the  appearance  of  the 
dust  under  the  microscope. 

But  whatever  the  mode,  it  is  certain  that 
the  ore  is  pulverized  to  an  extreme  de- 
gree, so  that  from  the  open  end  of  the  pipe 
it  floats  away  in  a  dense  cloud. 

The  function  performed  by  this  machine 
is  a  double  one;  it  pulverizes  the  ore  and 
delivers  it  without  loss  by  a  single  and  in- 
divisible operation.  This  it  will  be  seen 
is  of  vital  importance.  It  would  other- 
wise be  useless  for  metallurgical  opera- 
tions. 

The  quantity  of  dust  furnished  by  this 
machine  depends  upon  its  size,  upon  the 
degree  of  movement  that  is  communicated 
to  the  air  and  material,  and  upon  the 
amount  of  material  which  can  be  kept  in 
movement  at  one  and  the  same  time. 

The  machine  which  we  examined  will 
yield  from  one,  to  one  and  a  half  tons  of 
dust  per  hour,  according  to  the  character 
of  the  ore  or  material. 

Power  Required. 

As  there  is  never  in   the  machine  but  a 


terials  and  has  worn  out  but  two  sets  of 
paddles  the  cost  of  which  was  one  dollar 
and  fifty  cents  per  set. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Wayman, 
we  were  invited  to  witness .  the  different 
operations  at  the  works,  and  the  machines 
show  a  simplicity  and  completeness  which 
promise  them  a  wide  field,  of  usefulness 
in  the  future  of  our  State  for  the  purpose 
of  ore  reduction;  while  not  the  least  of 
their  merits  is  their  adaptability  to  the 
feeding  of  fuel  to  the  furnaces.  For  this 
purpose  any  coal  screenings  may  be  em- 
ployed and  these  are  reduced  to  a  powder 
by  the  pulverizer,  and  this  powder  is  lead 
directly  into  the  furnace  together  with  air 
enough  for  a  most  perfect  combustion, 
thus  doing  away  with  most  of  the  dirt,  and 
ashes,  while  the  amount  of  steam  carried 
can  be  minutely  regulated. 


Patent  DEOision. — Our  readers  will  re- 
collect that  a  few  months  ago  we  published 
the  decision  of  the  Board  of  Examiners  in 
full,  in  reference  to  the  case  of  Overend 
vs.  Dunn — an  interference  between  the 
parties  on  certain  claims  for  a  type-cast- 
ing machine.  From  that  decision  Dunn 
appealed  to  the  Commissioner  of  Patents 
who  has  affirmed  the  decision  of  the 
Board  of  Appeal.  This  virtually  settles 
the  matter  in  favor  of  Mr.  Overend  who 
will  now  receive  his  patent. 


The  San  Francisco  Microscopical 
Society. 

This  society  held  its  regular  semi- 
monthly meeting  at  the  rooms,  049  Clay 
street,  on  the  17th  inst.  Dr.  A  Kellogg 
and  N.  G.  W.  Harford  were  elected  asso- 
ciate members,  and  Joseph  Beck,  of  Lon- 
don, the  celebrated  manufacturer  of  mi- 
croscopes, and  Dr.  Harkness,  of  Sacra- 
mento, were  elected  corresponding  mem- 
bers. Mr.  Attwood  exhibited  a  number  of 
specimens,  among  them,  sections  of  por- 
phyritic  rock  from  the  Sutro  Tunnel;  a 
piece  of  ore  from  the  deepest  shaft  near 
Virginia,  taken  out  by  the  Diamond  Drill; 
a  section  of  metamorphic  slate  from  Shady 
Run,  near  Dutch  Flat.  A  specimen  of 
encysted  hydatids  was  sent  to  the  Society 
for  examination. 

Mr.  Hanks  showed  a  small  piece  of  me- 
teoric iron  found  in  El  Dorado  County,  by 
H.  G.  Freeman.  Under  the  microscope 
the  specimen,  which  had  been  subjected  to 
the  action  of  nitric  acid,  showed  the  usual 
characteristics  of  meteoric  iron.  Mr. 
Hanks  also  exhibited  some  of  the  residue 
which  was  left  after  treating  it  with  nitro- 
hydrochloric  acid;  it  showed  both 
schreibersite  and  silica.  Dr.  Stout  exhib- 
ited the  crystallization  of  the  chloride  of 
gold  and  a  set  of  fine  French  slides.  Dr. 
Kellogg  gave  to  the  Society  a  twig  of  lau- 
rel hawthorne,  the  leaves  and  stems  of 
which  were  covered  with  a  peculiar  "  scale 
insect "  and  which  he  stated  are  propa- 
gated to  apple  and  other  fruit  trees,  seri- 
ously injuring  them.  This  was  a  very  in- 
teresting object.  The  new  certificates  of 
membership  were  exhibited  and  accepted 
by  the  Society.  They  are  very  neat  and 
simple,  and  unlike  such  things  usually 
are,  are  printed  in  plain  type  with  no  ex- 
tra flourishes.  The  Seciety  is  getting  on 
finely,  and  are  evidently  causing  already 
an  increased  interest  in  this  useful  and  in- 
teresting branch  of  science.  The  names 
of  officers  for  this  year  we  gave  in  a  recent 
issue. 


Lone  Pine. — Dispatches  from  Los  An- 
geles state  that  the  earthquake  shocks  in 
the  vicinity  of  Lone  Pine  still  continue, 
and  that  a  number  of  old  craters  are  emit- 
ting steam  and  hot  gases.  One  15  miles 
northeast  of  Little  Lake  sends  forth  a 
column  of  steam  incessantly.  Professor 
Whitney,  of  the  State  Geological  Survey, 
who  is  at  present  in  that  neighborhood  in- 
vestigating the  causes  and  effects  of  the 
late  great  shocks,  will  have  a  fine  oppor- 
tunity of  experiencing  their  effects  at  least, 
and  will  doubtless  give  us  his  experience 
as  to  the  accompanying  explosions,  etc. 


The  Vienna  Exposition. — Congress  has 
authorized  the  President  to  appoint  one  or 
more  Commissioners  on  the  part  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  to  the 
International  Exposition  to  be  held  in 
Vienna  in  1873. 


McCones'  Foundry,  at  Silver  City,  Ne- 
vada, was  destroyed  by  fire  last  week;  loss 
$150,000. 


322 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  25,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Ophir  District,  Utah. 

Eds. Peess:— Sometime  ago  I  promised 
to  give  you  a  letter  touching  on  the  mines 
of  this  district;  but  perhaps  for  no  very 
exeusible  reason,  I  have  deferred  it  until 
the  present  time.  I  will  give  you  some 
facts   relative   to  the  mines   now  being 

worked 

On  Lion  Hill. 

The  Tiger,  superintended  by  Mr.  Daly, 
is  employing  18  men.  The  ledge  is  said 
to  be  improving;  it  has  been  drifted  in 
various  directions  and  shows  a  heavy  body 
of  valuable  ore.  The  Lion,  Mr.  Smith, 
Superintendent,  is  being  worked  by  only 
a  few  men  at  present.  Three  shafts  have 
been  sunk  on  this  mine,  and  drifts  run. 
The  ore  has  the  reputation  of  averaging 
the  highest  of  any  in  the  camp.  The  Sil- 
ver Exchange,  Mr.  Mills,  Superintendent, 
is  yielding  very  rich  ore.  The  Sunnyside, 
Capt.  Pierson,  Superintendent,  shows  a 
better  body  of  ore  now  than  ever  before. 
The  Virginia,  Mr.  Gray,  Superintendent, 
is  employing  but  four  men  just  now.  The 
Lizzie  owners  are  waiting  for  the  snow- 
water to  dry  from  the  shaft,  when  it  is  to 
be  worked.  This  mine  is  down  47  feet, 
and  has  two  drifts  of  15  and  20  feet 
respectively;  it  has  a  perpendicular  gran- 
ite wall,  and  I  should  say  three  feet  of 
good  ore.  The  Hawkeye  tunnel  has  got 
in  about  300  feet,  the  design  being  to  tap 
the  large  body  of  ore  which  is  supposed  to 
be  the  feeder  to  the  Lion. 

On  Silver  Hill 
We  first  come  to  the  Peoria,  now  being 
worked  by  its  owners.  This  is  across  the 
gulch  and  south  from  the  Lion,  and  shows 
a  good  body  of  medium  grade  ore.  Aro  und 
to  the  south  side  of  the  hill  are  the  Little 
Pern  and  Mary  Francis,  from  -both  of 
which  ore  is  being  extracted  that  will 
assay  far  up  into  the  thousands.  But  few 
mines  on  this  hill  are  being  worked  at  the 
present  time. 

On  Chloride  Hill 
The  San  Joaquin  is  being  worked.  Just 
above  it  a  ledge  of  soft,  rich  yellow  ore 
has  recently  been  uncovered,  and  is  now 
fast  being  filled  into  sacks.  Next  above  is 
the  Carthagenia;  the  ore  in  sight  is  very 
rich  but  limited  in  quantity.  Next,  the 
Jas.  Fisk  Co.  are  sinking  down  and  leav- 
ing the  ore  on  the  wall.  Next  above  is 
the  Chloride  Gem,  Mr.  Bradley,  foreman. 
This  has  recently  become  the  property  of 
our  local  English  Co.,  and  from  all  appear- 
ances will  prove  a  remunerative  mine,  as 
its  ore  is  rich  and  a  large  body  is  in  sight. 
The  Los  Angeles,  lately  opened,  presents 
a  flattering  appearance.  All  of  the  above 
mentioned  mines  run  on  the  same  paral- 
lel, and  are  a  similar  character  of  ore.  The 
Annie  is  yielding  a  first  class  ore,  assaying 
$140,  and  there  is  a  plenty  of  it  in  sight. 
The  Gray  and  "Ward  Beeeher  are  being 
worked.  The  Sphynx  is  being  worked, 
and,  it  is  said,  turning  out  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  owners.  The  Cricket  is 
looking  well.  These  two  mines  are  the 
property  of  the  Egyptian  M.  Co.  The 
Potosi  M.  Co.  are  running  a  35-foot  level 
from  their  70-foot  shaft  on  the  Chrysopo- 
lis.  The  ore  is  rich  in  quality  but  not  in 
quantity.  Below  this  is  the  "Struck  It," 
in  50  feet,  and  on  which  they  have  sunk  35 
feet.  This  is  nine  feet  between  walls,  but 
a  "horse"  fills  over  six  feet  of  it.  They 
think  they  will  be  under  the  horse  soon; 
and,  judging  from  the  rich  stains  now 
coming  out,  I  should  say  they  were  about 
getting  pay.  Below  the  San  Juan,  on 
Office  Hill,  is  the  Live  Yankee,  a  lead  with 
two  walla  seven  feet  apart,  presenting  a 
good  appearance. 

The  Velocipede,  Shield,  and  Miners' 
Delight  mines,  Mr.  Willard,  foreman,  are 
being  worked  by  the  English  Co.,  some  15 
men  being  employed.  A  vast  amount  of 
ore  is  being  taken  out,  and  the  mines  are 
said  to  be  improving.  On  the  easterly 
slope  of 

Treasure  Hill 
is  the  McCullum  mine,  owned  by  Messrs. 
Tiernan  &  Haswell,  which  has  been  looked 
upon  as  worthless;  but  these  men  were 
persistent — and,  not  unlike  the  discoverers 
of  the  thin  seam  leading  to  the  Emma, 
were  indomitable — and  their  assiduity  is 
being  rewarded.  Mr.  Haswell,  took  it 
upon  himself  to  superintend  the  mine,  and 
a  sharp  incline  of  140  ft.  has  been  driven 
through  solid  lime-rock  and  they  now  be- 


hold what  may  prove  a  second  Emma. 
The  Fairview  (a  little  east)  has  three  in- 
clines, one  being  73!ft. ;  this  mine  continues 
to  yield  a  good  quality  and  quantity  of 
ore.  A  little  distance  north  is  the  Poor- 
man,  with  a  30  ft.  incline;  this  is  quite  an 
encouraging  prospect.  Close  by  is  the 
California,  with  a  50  ft.  shaft.  Up  the  hill, 
north  from  the  McCullum,  is  a  splendid 
mine  called  the  Eed  Pine,  which  has  a 
sharp  incline  of  nearly  50  ft.  and  20  tons 
of  good  ore  on  the  dump.  All  of  the  last 
mentioned  mines,  with  the  exception  of 
the  English  Co's.  carry  smelting  ore.  At 
the  top  of  the  hill  is  the  famous  Hidden 
Treasure  mine, Mr.  Smiley,  Superintendent. 
In  consequence  of  litigation  this  is  being 
worked  by  a  few  men  only;  all  are  aware 
however  that  this  is  a  very  massive  de- 
posit. Below  the  Hidden  Treasure  is  the 
Chicago,  a  fine  large  mine  with  a  60  ft. 
tunnel.  About  200  ft.  west  is  a  solid  body 
of  galena  filling  a  cut  10  ft.  high  by  6  ft. 
wide.     On  the  west  slope  and  on  the 

Dry  Canon  Side 
Of  the  hill  is  the  Fourth  of  July,  owned 
by  Jacobs  &  Co.,  T.  Mack,  Foreman.  This 
mine  has  an  incline  tunnel  of  eighty  feet; 
coming  back  within  twenty-five  feet  of  the 
mouth  they  have  drifted  off,  in  ore, 
some  128  feet.  On  the  dump  are  about 
300  tons  of  ore,  and  the  Company  are 
about  constructing  a  tramway  down  into 
Dry  Canon.  Near  by  are  a  number  of 
promising  prospects.    On 

Snow  Storm  Hill, 
Is  the  Calcutta,  in  twenty  feet,  showing  a 
fine  body  of  ore.  Lawrence  Bros,  have 
several  claims  here,  one  of  which  is  in 
about  100  feet,  and  has  about  seventy-five 
tons  of  ore  out.  The  Mountain  Chief  has 
been  uncovered  to  some  extent  and  presents 
a  large  face  of  ore.  Snow  Storm  tunnel  is 
idle. 

Shoo  Fly  Hill 
Is  attracting  considerable  attention,  the 
Alabama  and  Kearaarge  having  become 
the  most  noted;  the  former,  including  the 
Iris,  is  supposed  to  be  a  very  valuable 
mine.  The  Jennie  may  prove  a  far  better 
mine,  as  it  is  extending  its  jaws,  and  how 
much  of  the  other  interests  it  may  swallow, 
I  would  not  like  to  predict;  in  fact,  it  is  a 
first  class  mine  now. 

Mr.  Jones  is  superintending  the  Bip 
Van  Winkle  mines,  and  is  employing 
eighteen  men. 

The  future  prospects  of  this  district  are 
favorable,  although  the  two  mills,  and  two 
of  the  smelters,  are  closed  down.  Four  of 
the  arastras  are  in  operation  and  doing 
good  work.  Miners  are  in  demand,  and 
have  been  for  several  days.  I  have  made 
mention  of  most  of  the  mines  with  which 
I  am  acquainted,  but  owing  to  the  usual 
crowded  state  of  the  Pkess,  I  have  made 
mention  only. Ludlow. 

Gold  vs.  Silver  Mining. 

Eds.  Pkess: — Years  of  close  investiga- 
tion has  convinced  me  fully,  that  one  of 
the  greatest  errors  in  mining  is,  the  idea 
that  gold  is  so  readily  amalgamated ,  and 
silver  so  difficult,  for,  in  the  result, 
directly  the  opposite  is  the  fact.  Ex- 
perience and  statistics  prove  that  a 
much  higher  percentage  of  silver  is  ob- 
tained than  gold,  and  the  sooner  this  fact 
is  admitted  and  acted  upon,  the  sooner 
will  our  gold  mines  receive  their  just  re- 
wards, and  the  fewer  will  be  the  failures. 
Gold  of  gravity  enough  to  deposit  itself  is 
saved — but  what  becomes  of  the  millions 
of  atoms  as  fine  and  finer  than  flour,  which 
really  make  up  the  great  wealth  of  all  of 
our  gold-bearing  lodes.  Were  the  silver 
miner  to  be  as  careful  of  his  chlorides — 
were  he,  in  fact,  to  show  such  utter  disre- 
gard for  the  fine  metal,  as  is  displayed  by 
our  gold  miners,  ruination  would  be  the 
inevitable  result. 

One  reason  why  the  percentage  of  metal 
saved  in  silver  mining  is  greater,  is,  that  the 
idea  that  gold  is  so  "  readily  amalgamated" 
has  caused  a  system  of  carelessness  and 
wastefulness  and  has  drawn  into  the  pur- 
suit, too  often,  inexperienced  men;  while 
the  idea,  that  silver  is  so  difficult,  has 
called  for  more  skillful  manipulations. 
To  save  an  equal  percentage,  as  much 
care  is  required  in  one  as  the  other.  Cal- 
ifornia gold  miners  must  imagine  that  the 
law  of  gravity  is  overcome  in  this  special 
branch  of  mining — that  gold  must  deposit 
itself,  in  spite  of  a  sluice  head  of  water 
and  is  therefore  "  readily  amalgamated." 
But  the  law  holds  good,  to  the  sorrow, 
too  often,  of  the  miner. 

Gold  mining  in  California  can  be  made 


as  inviting  and  profitable,  to  capital  and 
labor,  as  silver  mining  in  Nevada  or  else- 
where; but  to  do  it  they  have  got  to  stop 
this  hurrying  business  and  get  a  proper 
percentage  of  the  metal. 

Aiimabin  B.  Patjii. 
San  Francisco. 


Mines  at  Alder  Gulch,  Montana. 

Editors  Peess:  Summer  has  at  last 
opened  with  us,  and  in  taking  a  stroll  up 
the  far-famed  Alder  gulch,  I  thought  a  few 
mining  items  from  there  might  be  inter- 
esting to  you. 

Flumes  and  Ditches. 

The  first  thing  attracting  attention  in 
ascending  the  gulch  is  the  drain  ditch  of 
A.  M.  Hart  &  Co.,  just  above  town.  They 
have  been  over  a  year,  with  four  men,  in 
putting  it  to  bed-rook,  but  now  have  it 
about  completed,  and  will  shortly  com- 
mence taking  out  some  big  pay.  Next 
above  is  the  drain  of  Mat.  Roberts  &  Co., 
who  will  probably  not  get  bed-rock  before 
next  July;  it  will  then  be  1,300  feet  long, 
and  from  all  reports  they  have  plenty  of 
good  ground. 

Then  comes  A.  M.  Conghill,  who  is  hy- 
draulicing  on  the  Belgium  bar,  and  will, 
judging  from  last  year's  clean-up,  gather 
enough  of  the  golden  sands  to  make  any 
one  man  happy. 

AtParker  &  Co.'s  Flume  they  are  making 
preparations  for  a  hard  summer's  work,  in 
preparing  side  ditches  and  putting  in  new 
riffles,  and  will  be  in  readiness  for  the 
miner's  festival — "High  water." 

The  Highland  Flume  Company  are  get- 
ting everything  in  good  shape,  and  intend 
doing  big  work,  if  one  may  judge  by  the 
preparations  they  are  making,  repairing 
side  ditches,  putting  up  hydraulics,  etc. 
A  part  of  the  company  are  drifting,  and 
have  been  all  winter,  but  with  what  suc- 
cess I  do  not  know. 

Fred.  Gage  &  Co.  have  some  as  good 
ground  as  there  is  left  on  the  gulch.  They 
took  out  about  $5,000  with  two  men  last 
summer,  and  intend,  they  say,  doubling 
the  amount  this  summer.  I  do  not  think 
they  have  set  it  too  high. 

On  our  way  we  called  at  Captain  South- 
maydes,who  showed  us  his  late  work,which 
was  putting  in  a  bed-rock  flume  in  winter. 
They  have  run  a  tunnel  some  500  feet,  and 
set  the  flume  in  it.  They  are  now  sinking 
a  shaft  at  the  head  of  it,  which  they  will 
ground-sluice  down.  It  has  often  oc- 
curred to  me  that  this  is  the  proper  way 
to  put  in  bed-rock  flumes,  particularly  in 
this  gulch,  where  our  season  is  limited, 
both  to  time  and  water. 

Gravel  Mines. 

Above  them  is  Schenk,  Eossiter  &  Co., 
who  have  everything  in  shape,  anxiously 
awaiting  the  coming  of  the  water.  Their 
ground  pays  well — two  or  three  ounces  to 
the  hand  on  bed  rock — and  this  season 
they  think  they  have  better  ground  than 
ever  before. 

A.  C.  Hall  was  the  first  man  in  1866 
to  take  any  money  out  of  the  gulch  by 
fluming.  Last  year  he  put  in  a  second 
flume  and  worked  off  considerable  ground 
with,  as  he  says, flattering  results.  Hemnst 
have  had  good  ground,  I  judge,  from  the 
fact  of  his  having  bought  out  his  partner, 
and  paying  $17,000  for  the  undivided  one- 
half  of  1,800  feet  or  thereabouts.  Work 
with  him,  has  hardly  as  yet  commenced, 
for  winter  has  not  let  up  its  grip.  Sum- 
mer does  not  commence  there  until  about 
the  first  of  June,  andtheworking  seasons, 
including  Sundays,  only  average  about  125 
days. 

Above  this  claim  Tim.  Bush  &  Co.,  and 
Beed  &  Co.  are  drifting  and  taking  out 
dirt  for  summer  washing,  with  good  pros- 
pects. 

The  Harris  boys  are  still  working  in 
Eagle  hill,  and  piling  up  the  dirt  for 
summer  washing,  and  I  expect  we  shall 
hear  of  some  big  clean-ups,  and  nuggets 
the  size  of  eggs  by  and  by,  as  that  ground 
has  been  famous  for  chispas  of  no  ordi- 
nary size. 

Quartz  Claims. 

John  How  is  still  working  away  upon 
the  Oro  Cache,  and  with  good  results. 
Ed.  Covely  is  taking  rock  out  of  the  Key- 
stone that  he  will  have  crushed  as  soon  as 
the  roads  are  in  condition  for  hauling  it 
to  the  mill,  but  I  apprehend  that  Col. 
Postlewaithe  nearly  cleaned  that  bunch 
oat. 


Geo.  Bates  &  Co.  have  done  well  in 
working  some  ground  upon  the  Oro  Cache 
the  past  winter,  and  have  considerable 
rock  on  the  dumps.  They  have  assorted 
their  rock  and  a  considerable  of  it  has  run 
as  high  as  $100  per  ton. 

A  Suggestion. 

In  concluding  my  remarks  upon  quartz, 
permit  me  to  offer  an  improvement  up- 
on Professor  Hank's  method  of  sepa- 
rating the  iron  chips  from  the  dies 
and  shoes  that  are  gathered  in  the  amal- 
gam from  cleaning  up  the  battery  in 
quartz  mills.  In  a  paper  published  some 
two  months  ago  in  the  SorENirpio  Peess 
he  mentioned  floating  it  off  as  the  best 
means  to  be  adopted.  I  think  a  magnet 
is  the  quickest  and  most  practical  way  of 
removing  it,  or  rather,  that  is  the  method 
used  here. 

In  conclusion  of  this  long  letter,  one 
word  about  our  chances  for  water.  I  am 
happy  to  say  they  are  favorable.  There 
is  more  snow  at  the  head  of  this  gulch 
than  has  ever  been  there  since  the  advent 
of  the  whites.  The  letters  of  your  travel- 
ing correspondent,  Murray,  are  highly  ap- 
preciated here.  Bough  Diamond. 


From   Our    Correspondent— L.   P.   Mc. 

Schell  Creek  Mines. 

Eds.  Peess: — As  many  of  your  readers 
may  not  know  the  exact  locality  of  the 
above  named  mines,  I  will  state  that  they 
lie  75  miles  east  of  Hamilton,  White  Pine, 
on  the  edge  of  White  Pine  County,  Ne- 
vada, and  about  the  same  distance  south 
of  Battle  Mountain  Station  on  the  Central 
Pacific  K.  B. 

Col.  O'Connor  Sidney,  of  London,  has 
purchased  and  taken  possession  of  the 
Silver  Wreath  and  the  McMahon  mines, 
and  is  putting  on  a  large  force  of  men . 
The  Colonel  is  a  pioneer  quartz  miner  of 
this  coast,  and  has  the  confidence  of  nearly 
all  the  heavy  capitalists  in  London.  From 
his  well  known  energy  we  may  look  for 
lively  times  in  that  district  during  the 
coming  season. 

White    Pine    District. 

This  district  has  been  really  in  the  back- 
ground for  some  time,  and  for  no  apparent 
reason,  other  than  that  a  large  majority  of 
its  dividend-paying  mines  are  in  the  hands 
of  English  capitalists;  and  as  their  princi- 
pal offices  are  in  London,  but  little  is 
known  to  us  of  the  amounts  of  bullion 
taken  out,  although  the  English  papers 
contain  full  reports  of  meetings,  etc  I 
think  that  from  the  fact  of  some  of  the 
heavy  San  Francisco  capitalists  having 
been  chosen  as  Trustees  of  some  of  the 
mining  companies  in  this  district,  you  will 
hear  of  more  extensive  developments  and 
livelier  times  shortly,  as  the  following 
will  show: 

The  Trustees  of  the  Original  Hidden 
Treasure  mine  are:  Alvinza  Hayward,  W. 
B.  Bourne,  B.  Sherwood,  Jos.  De  la  Mon- 
tanya,  J.  H.  Crocker,  S.  Pinkham  and 
Walter  Laidlaw.  The  Superintendent  is 
Capt.  Wm.  Boyle,  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  successful  miners  in  that  section  of 
country — holding  the  position  of  Superin- 
tendent, in  addition  to  the  above,  of  the 
San  Juan  Del  Bio,  a  very  promising  mine, 
the  Pennsylvania,  and  two  others.  The 
snow  has  nearly  disappeared,  the  roads 
are  open,  and  the  mills  will  shortly  (if 
they  are  not  by  the  time  this  is  in  type)  be 
running  to  their  full  capacity,  thousands 
of  tons  of  rock  being  now  ready  for 
crushing. 

The  Bepuse  of  Geapes. — In  Europe  the 
refuse  of  grapes,  from  wine  manufacture 
is  utilized  in  the  following  manner:  The 
refuse  is  first  buried  in  a  trench,  covered 
with  boards,  on  which  stones  are  laid. 
After  some  time  the  must  is  taken  up  and 
treated  with  boiling  water,  which  extracts 
almost  all  the  argol — crude  tartar,  which 
will  not  dissolve  in  wine — in  the  must, 
the  press  cake  is  then  dried  and  placed  in 
the  retort  for  gas  making. 

The  gas  evolved  is  said  to  give  a  higher 
illuminating  power thanjordinary  coal  gas, 
while  the  coke,  quenched  with  water,  may 
be  used  as  a  coal  for  filtering  or  to  pre- 
pare "  Frankfort  black."  The  water  used 
for  quenching  the  coke  maybe  evaporated, 
and  from  it  a  good  quality  of  potash  ob- 
tained. To  prepare  the  "  Frankfort  black" 
the  coke  is  treated  with  cold  concentrated 
hydrochloric  acid,  and  then  washed  with 
water.  The  substances  thus  dissolved  out 
of  it  form  an  exceedingly  rich  fertilizing 
material. 


May  25,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


323 


jciENTiFic  Progress. 


W 


Relations  of  Calorific   Power  of  Com- 
bustibles to  Composition. 

During  tbe  Inst  session  of  the  New  York  Ly- 
(••  tun  'f  natural  History,  a  discussion  aroso  on 
the  atx>Y6  subject,  in  which  the  present  writer 
Startled  most  of  the  members  present  by  an- 
nouncing his  conviction  of  the  t»»tal  fallacy  of 
tbe  prevalent  inniU- of  cultivating  hypothetically 
the  calorilit-  value  of  :i  coal  or  other  combusti- 
ble, from  its  elementary  constitution.  Ho 
claimed  that,  in  believing  that  tho  sum e  ele- 
ments in  a  complex  mixture,  ns  well  as  in  a 
homogeneous  compound,  even  win  11  pr<  --nr  in 
tbe  sarno  centesimal  proportions,  must  needs 
give  the  same  heat  on  complete  combustion,  we 
ignoru  all  the  well-founded  and  accepted  views 
of  molecular  dynamic*  and  thornio-chemistry. 
As  tho  products  of  complete  combustion  of 
carbo- hydrogen  materials  were  always  molccu- 
larly  identical— that  is,  Carbonic  acid  and  water 
-the  mati  rials  themselves  must  have  had  iden- 
tical molecular  constitution  originally,  in  order 
to  exert  the  same  amount  of  internal  disturb- 
ance, while  falling  into  the  same  new  molecular 
arrangement.  He  cited  many  known  facts  to 
support  bis  views,  which  gave  rise  to  some  dis- 
cussion, and  aroused  especial  opposition  from 
the  distinguished  President  of  the  Lyceum,  Dr. 
Newberry,  who  remarked  that  if  Professor 
Wurtz  believed  bo  could  substantiate  these  rev- 
olutionary ideas,  he  should  not  pause,  night  or 
day,  but  devote  himself  exclusively  to  the  task, 
the  importance  of  the  subject  being  unsurpassed 
by  any  other  in  tho  range  of  science  ! 

With  this  preamble,  we  introduce  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  a  report  of  a  recent  communi- 
cation of  Schenrer-Kestner  and  Meunier  to  the 
Academy  of  Sciences,  on  the  Heat  of  Combus- 
tion of  Lignites: 

"  Lignite,  the  authors  found,  is  distinguished 
from  coal  also  in  this  particular — that  tho  later 
emits  a  far  greater  quantity  of  heat  than  that 
due  to  the  combustion  of  its  elements  (carbon 
and  hydrogen).  Attention  is  again  called  to 
tho  fact  that  it  is  impossible  to  judge  of  ^the 
value  of  a  fuel  according  to  its  elementary  com- 
position; all  calculations  based  upon  such  data 
are  quite  fallacious,  and  the  authors  prove  this 
conclusively  by  referring  especially  to  one  of 
the  samples  of  lignite  they  investigated." — 
American  (Jas-Lh/IU  Journal. 


Carbonized  Sewage. — Mr.  Hickey  is  engaged 
in  India,  says  E)iginecring,  in  testing  the  efficacy 
of  his  invention  of  preserving  sewage  by  car- 
bonization. Tho  main  features  of  Mr.  Hickey's 
plan  are  that  he  collects  the  gases  evolved  dur- 
ing carbonization,  which  he  proposes  to  make 
available  for  town  illumination,  while  the  coke 
which  remains  has  been  found  to  be  a  most  ex- 
cellent deodorizer,  and,  mixed  with  the  am- 
moniacal  liquors  collected  from  the  gas  retorts, 
it  also  forms  a  valuable  manure.  The  produc- 
tion of  gas  for  lighting  purposes  by  the  car- 
bonization of  ordure  is  not  a  novelty,  but  dates 
as  far  back  as  1686.  But  whether  it  will  ever 
be  found  practicable  to  illuminate  towns  with 
gas  produced  from  their  sewers  is  very  doubt- 
ful. Mr.  Hickey's  experiments  show  that  gas 
and  coke  can  easily  be  made  by  his  process, 
but  the  pecuniary  success  of  the  manufacture 
is  not  yet  settled.  Tho  gas  has  an  illuminating 
power  of  only  2%  candles. 

Transmitted  Radiant  Heat. — The  question 
whether  equal  areas  at  different  points  of  the 
Bolar  surface,  transmit  equal  energy  towards 
the  earth  has  not  been  satisfactorily  answered. 
The  author  of  Mechanique  Celeste,  finding  by 
observation  that  equal  areas  do  not  transmit 
equal  energies  (the  central  regions  transmitt- 
ing, in  opposition  to  his  reasoning,  much 
greater  intensity  than  those  near  the  border) 
explains  the  matter  by  showing  that  the  solar 
atmosphere  retards  the  passage  of  the  rays 
causing  a  great  diminution  of  the  energy  of  the 
radiant  heat  projected  towards  the  earth.  Capt. 
John  Ericsson,  in  a  series  of  ingenious  experi- 
ments with  incandescent  spheres,  described  in 
full  in  Engineering,  shows  the  inaccuracy  of  this 
theory. 

Fat  Found  in  Beee  Yeast. — In  an  article  by 
Dr.  Vogel,  read  before  the  Academy  of  Science, 
in  Munich,  after  referring  to  the  fact  that  all 
cereals  contain  a  larger  or  smaller  quantity  of 
fatty  matter,  which  is  an  essential  constituent 
of  the  grain,  the  author  describes  at  length  his 
experiments  made  for  the  purpose  of  extract- 
ing, by  the  means  of  ether,  the  fat  contained  in 
beer  yeast,  an  oil  boiling  at  about  200°  Centi- 
grade, specific  gravity  equal  to  0.901;  decom- 
posed when  heated  above  300°  Centigrade,  and 
yielding  acrolein.  The  quantity  of  this  oil 
found  in  one  liter  of  the  yeast  amounts  to  from 
0.2  to  0.3  drams.  It  appears  that  this  oil  is,  in 
most  respects,  similar  to  the  fatty  matter  in 
barley. 

Effect  of  Extreme  Cold  on  Snow. — Dr 
Kane,  the  arctic  explorer,  recorded  the  very 
striking  and  suggestive  fact  that  snow,  at  a 
temperature  of  forty  degrees  below  zero,  F., 
loses  much  of  its  anti-fractional  quality.  He 
found  it  nearly  as  difficult  to  drawA  sleds  upon 
such  snow  as  upon  sand. 

Discovery  of  a  New  Planet. — Prof.  James 
C,  Watson,  of  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  writes  to  the 
Journal  of  Science,  that  he  discovered  a  new 
planet,  on  the  night  of  April  4th,  in  the  con- 
stellation Virgo.  The  planet  shines  like  a  star 
of  the  eleventh  magnitude. 


Preservation  of  Wood. — Gen.  Haupt  con- 
tributes to  the  May  Van  Nostrand,  a  review  of 
tli-  chief  processes  proposed  for  tho  preserva- 
tion of  wood,  and  adds  some  deductions  of 
his  own.  From  his  experiments  and  investiga- 
tions he  concludes: 

1.  That  so  long  as  the  cells  of  wood  are  oc- 
cupied by  air  and  moiBture,  no  preservative  so- 
lutions can  be  introduced,  and  the  expulsion  of 
air  and  moisture  must  be  the  first  step  in  any 
effective  process  for  preserving  timber  from 
decay. 

2.  That  water  can  bo  expelled  by  a  long 
continued  application  of  heat,  but  air  only  by 
expansion  in  a  vacuum,  and  the  combination  of 
heat  and  vacuum  wilt  secure  tho  most  rapid  ex- 
pansion of  both  water  and  air. 

3.  That  the  preservative  tinid  must  be  intro- 
duced while  tho  cells  are  empty,  consequently 
the  process  must  be  carried  on  in  vacuo. 

4.  That  no  pressure,  however  great,  applied 
externally  to  the  surfaco  of  timber,  can  force 
any  fluid  into  the  interior  so  long  as  air  or  water 
is  contained  in  tho  cells.  When  air  alone  is  pres- 
ent there  may  be  penetration  to  a  limited  extent 
superficially,  but  water  is  practically  incom- 
pressible. If,  however,  the  pressure  is  applied 
at  one  ond  only  of  a  stick,  as  in  the  Boucherie 
process,  a  fluid  may  be  forced  through  and  ex- 
ude from  tho  other  end. 

Geological  Success. — An  instance  of  com- 
plete success  in  search  founded  on  geological 
indications  has  just  occurred  in  Sweden.  An 
extensive  coal  bed  of  unusual  depth  in  Europe, 
and  of  excellent  quality,  has  been  discovered 
at  Raus,  in  Schonon,  by  boring  on  the  strength 
of  evidence  afforded  by  the  lithological  forma- 
tion existing  there.  At  first  the  promises  were 
not  satisfactorily  fulfilled.  Eleven  strata  of 
coal,  indeed,  were  pierced  by  going  down  566 
feet;  but  none  of  these  were  more  than  a  foot 
or  so  in  thickness.  Five  feet  further  a  bed 
was  penetrated  over  eight  feet  thick.  Other 
borings  prove  the  existenco  of  coal  of  great 
extent.  The  shares  of  the  company  at  once 
rose  700  per  cent  above  their  par  value. — Ex. 

Peruvian  Antiqutties. — The  Geological  mu- 
seum of  the  University  of  Rome  has  received 
from  King  Victor  Emanuel  a  magnificent  col- 
lection of  Peruvian  antiquities,  comprising  a 
number  of  silver  vases,  some  extremely  curious 
musical  instruments,  a  colored  garment  made 
from  the  bark  of  trees,  and  some  arrows 
and  lances.  These  last  are  notched,  orna- 
mented with  feathers,  and  have  wooden 
heads,  showing  that  they  belong  to  the  period 
when  the  use  of  iron  was  unknown.  The 
whole  of  these  ariicles  were  found  in  a  bed  of 
guano,  and  evidently  date  from  the  earliest  an- 
tiquity. 

Boiler  Incrustation. —  Experiments  have 
been  tried  with  favorable  results,  it  is  said,  at 
Vienna  on  Berenger's  plan  of  treating  feed 
water  for  boilers.  The  water  is  softened  by  a 
solution  of  lime  and  forced  through  a  particu- 
lar kind  of  filter,  which  retains  the  generated 
precipitate.  There  is  no  necessity  for  waiting 
for  the  settling  of  the  precipitate.  From  10  to 
15  filters,  each  of  0.1  cubic  metre  capacity, 
soften  about  410  cubic  metres  of  water  per  day. 

Art  Monuments. — M.  Demetrio  Salazaro.the 
Inspector  of  the  National  Museum,  at  Naples, 
is  about  to  publish,  in  thirty  parts,  at  fifteen 
shillings  each,  a  series  of  photographs  and 
chromo-lithographs  of  the  Art  Monuments  of 
Southern  Italy,  from  the  fourth  to  the  thir- 
teenth century.  This  is  the  first  great  attempt 
of  its  kind,  and  is  intended  to  show  the  growth 
and  development  of  Italian  art  from  its  earliest 


The  vacancy  at  the  British  Geological  Sur- 
vey office,  caused  bythe  death  of  Sir  Roderick 
I.  Murchison,  has  been  filled  up  by  the  appoint- 
ment of  Professor  Andrew  Crombie  Ramsay, 
L.L.D.,  F.R.S.,  as  director-general.  Professor 
Ramsay  has  for  many  years  been  director  of  the 
Geological  Survey  and  Professor  of  Geology  in 
the  Royal  School  of  Mines. 


A  Remarkable  Mineral. — A.  Frenzel  writes 
of  a  mineral  ,  which  forms  in  the  winter  in  the 
Himmslfahrt  mine  at  Freiberg,  but  vanishes  in 
the  spring,  when  the  weather  begins  to  grow 
warm,  or  damp,  though  it  forms  334  metres  be- 
low the  surface.    An  analysis  gave 

Magnesia 16.53 

Sulphuricacid 32.62 

Water 50.81—99.96 


The  Spectroscopic  Association  of  Italy  is  the 
title  of  a  new  society,  the  main  object  of  which 
will  be  "  to  enrich  science,  by  the  aid  of  the 
spectroscope,  with  new  discoveries  upon  the 
physical  constitution  of  the  sun."  The  first 
number  of  the  Memoirs  of  the  Society  has 
already  been  published. 

Xylonite,  which  is  prepared  by  the  action  of 
nitric  acid  on  woody  fibre,  is  made  into  a  sheet- 
ing or  tissue  impermeable  to  water,  which  may 
be  used  as  a  substitute  for  india-rubber  in  the 
manufacture  of  all  water-proof  articles. 


Economy  of  the  Hot  Blast 

Tho  first  practical  application  of  the  "hot 
blast  was  made  in  1828  or  1829  by  J.  B.Neilson, 
an  Englishman.  Mr.  N.  and  his  colleagues 
after  determining  the  great  value  of  the  inven- 
tion for  smelting  ores,  expected  to  see  it  gener- 
ally employed  for  all  furnace  operations;  but 
the  result  has  been  that  practically,  it  is  almost 
exclusively  confined  to  smelting  tho  ores  of 
iron. 

The  earliest  carefully  recorded  experiments 
with  tbe  hot  blast  wero  made  at  the  Clyde  Iron 
works,  with  the  following  result: — 

Forltho  year 1829  1831  1833 

'IVnip-.Tiituroof  blaMt Cold  +VF.  GI2"F. 

Cuitl  used  per  ton  of  iron..  Aa  coko.  Aa  coke.  In  raw  atato. 

Foi  fusion,  owt, 1XJ  86  W 

1  ,.r  ha&l  u\u  dir,  raw  coal..       nil  a  8 

[Tor  blowing  snglnos,  ooal.        #}  7  11 

153  99  SB 

C'wt.  limustone  per  ton  of 

iron «W  9  7 

From  this  it  would  appear  that  heating  the 
air  with  5  cwt.  of  coal  had  saved  47  cwt.  of 
fuel  in  the  furnace,  and  8  cwt.  similarly  applied 
had  been  followed  with  an  economy  of  1)3  cwt., 
or  above  69  per  cent. 

Besides  this  advantage  the  make  was  in- 
creased by  more  than  one-third,  and  a  blowing 
engine,  which  only  supplied  three  furnaces 
with  cold  blast,  was  equal  to  four  when  the  air 
was  heated. 

The  iron  trade  hesitated  somewhat  in  credit- 
that  the  heat  generated  from  8  cwt.  of  fuel 
burnt  outside  the  furnace,  should  be  able  to 
perform  the  duty  of  a  very  much  larger  weight 
burnt  inside.  Some  writers  on  tho  metallurgy 
of  iron,  when  speaking  of  the  advantages  of 
Neilson's  system,  have  not  perhaps  been  suffi- 
ciently careful  in  drawing  a  distinction  between 
the  saving  directly  due  to  its  application  and 
that  arising  in  a  collateral  manner  from  its 
use.  Looking  at  the  question,  however,  in  its 
commercial  sense,  the  figures  and  language 
quoted  from  the  work  of  Dufrenoy  justified  the 
character  he  gave  to  it. 

Puddling  Steel  Rails. 

The  Flushing  and  North  Side  Eailway  Com- 
pany with  its  leased  roads  will  have  laid,  by 
the  1st  of  July  next,  40  miles  of  steel  track. 
The  rails  are  of  puddled  steel,  with  partly  iron 
flanges  and  vertically  piled. 

The  advantages  claimed  for  these  rails  are: — 
perfect  safety  against  breaking,  not  a  single 
rail  of  this  kind  having  been  broken  during 
twelve  years'  use  in  Germany  and  four  years 
use  in  this  country,  greater  strength  and  endur- 
ance than  can  be  obtained  from  steel-capped 
rails. 

The  value  of  the  worn-out  puddled-steel  rails 
is  higher  in  proportion  to  first  cost  than  that  of 
cast-steel  rails,  or  iron  rails  with  cast-steel  caps, 
which  cannot  be  re-rolled,  but  must  be  recast. 

The  only  disadvantage  of  the  puddled-steel 
rails  is  that  a  percentage  of  them  may  give  out 
in  the  weld  after  a  wear  about  equal  to  that  of 
the  life  of  three  common  iron  rails.  This  is 
only  a  disadvantage  in  comparison  to  full  steel 
or  ingot  rails,  which  have  no  welds,  and  there- 
fore cannot  fail  in  the  same  manner.  Setting 
aside  the  greater  safety  of  the  welded  steel  rails, 
the  question  of  economy  in  the  use  of  either 
chiefly  depends  on  their  respective  first  cost, 
on  their  wearing  qualities,  and  on  their  market 
value  as  scrap  when  worn  out.  The  solution 
of  this  question  will  depend  more  or  less  on 
the  individual  experience  of  the  consumers,  es- 
pecially of  those  who  have  tried  the  different 
kinds  of  steel  rails. 


Bepeated  spectroscopic  measurements  made 
last  year  by  Professors  Zollner  and  Vogel,  in 
Germany,  show  that  the  velocity  of  rotation  of 
the  sun  on  its  own  axis  is  at  the  rate  of  six  hun- 
dred and  sixty  miles  an  hour. 

Cane-sugar  when  exposed  to  light  in  sealed 
tubes  is  converted  into  grape-sugar  or  glucose. 
The  solution    should  be   as    concentrated   as 


Batleoad  j  Improvement. — A  Pennsylvania 
engineer,  named  "Wilder,  has  recently  hit  upon 
an  idea  which,  if  carried  out  as  it  deserves  to 
be,  will  do  much  toward  increasing  the  efficiency 
and  enhancing  the  economy  of  railroads.  It 
provides  for  the  laying  of  two  narrow  gauge 
tracks,  side  by  side,  with  a  space  between  the 
inner  rails  equal  to  the  ordinary  gauge  of  four 
feet  eight  inches.  Thus  three  possible  gauges 
will  be  furnished  on  the  same  line,  all  of  which 
it  is  proposed  to  use.  For  freight,  the  narrow 
gauge  will  be  used  at  a  safe  rate  of  speed,  while 
for  passenger  travel,  and  a  high  rate  of  speed, 
the  broad  gauge  will  be  used,  the  cars  being 
mounted  on  four  lines  of  wheels.  This,  he 
contends,  will  prevent  oscillation,  thereby  in- 
creasing safety.  He  calculates  by  this  system, 
and  the  increased  weight  of  engines,  it  will 
permit  of  a  rate  of  speed  being  attained  as 
high  as  a  hundred  miles  an  hour. 

No  doubt  a  greatly  increased  speed  may  be 
attained  by  such  a  device,  but  when  a  train  of 
cars  is  made  to  travel  a  hundred  miles  an  hour, 
the  material  of  which  they  are  constructed  and 
their  manner  of  construction  must  be  some- 
what modified  from  their  present  material 
and  form. 

Puddling  by  Peteoleum. — It  is  asserted  by 
the  French  technical  journals  that  the  experi- 
ment of  using  petroleum  as  fuel  in  the  puddling 
furnace  which  has  been  in  progress  in  a  large 
iron  producing  establishment  during  the  past 
three  months,  has  proved  itself  to  be  very  suc- 
cessful. In  point  of  convenience,  efficiency  and 
in  the  superior  quality  of  the  iron  produced,  it 
is  asserted  that  petroleum  affords  the  best  fuel 
that  has  yet  been  employed. 


Burnt  Iron  and  Steel. 

\Y.  M.  Williams  has  given  the  result  of  some 
inquiries  into  the  causes  of  this  phenomenon, 
to  the  Chemical  Society  of  London.  After 
some  remarks  upon  the  physical  characteristics 
of  iron  and  steel  so  damaged,  he  asserts  that  he 
found  in  all  the  samples  of  burnt  iron  which  ho 
has  subjected  to  examination,  particles  of  black 
oxide  more  or  less  abundantly  distributed 
throughout  the  mass.  These  are,  however,  ab- 
sent in  burnt  sUtl.  The  method  whieh  he  sug- 
gests of  quickly  detecting  such  damage,  is  to 
tako  a  sinull  quantity  of  fresh  borings  or  filings 
from  the  subjected  metal,  cover  them  with  di- 
luted nitric  acid.  As  the  iron  dissolves,  the 
free  oxide  separates  and  remains  suspended  in 
the  liquid,  rendering  it  dark  in  color.  These 
particles  shortly  disappear,  and  are  thus  to  be 
distinguished  from  separated  carbon.  No  such 
discoloration  takes  place  with  good  iron. 

The  cause  of  the  burning  of  iron  he  explains 
as  follows:  As  soon  as  the  small  quantity  of 
carbon  is  removed  from  tho  heated  mass  by  ox- 
idation, this  process  extends  to  the  iron  itself — 
not  only  upon  the  surface,  but  into  the  interior. 
The  higher  the  temperature,  and  the  longer  tho 
exposure,  the  greater  is  tho  quantity  of  carbon 
necessary  to  protect  tho  iron.  The  best  iron 
is  that  in  which  carbon  is  brought  to  the  low- 
ost  possible  proportion,  without  oxidation  of 
the  iron. 

Burnt  steel  the  author  considers  to  be  steel 
which  has,  by  reheating,  lost  some  of  its  carbon 
by  oxidation,  and  by  sudden  solidification  has 
had  the  resulting  carbonic  oxide  imprisoned  in 
the  interior  of  its  mass.  The  well  known  per- 
meability of  iron  for  certain  gases  renders  such 
a  process  not  difficult  to  understand. 

The  structure  and  properties  of  "  burnt  iron 
and  steel,"  are  therefore  "  caused  by  the  pres- 
ence of  intermingled  partioles  of  combustion 
products  breaking  the  continuity  of  the  metal. 
The  carbon  is  burnt  in  the  case  of  the  burnt 
steel,  the  iron  itself  in  the  burnt  iron. 

The  Turbine  Propeller. — As  a  gun  recoils 
when  fired,  or  as  the  progress  of  a  rocket  is 
kept  up  by  the  recoil  arising  from  the  efflux  of 
the  gases  generated  by  the  ignition  of  the  com- 
position with  which  the  rocket  is  filled,  so  the 
progress  of  a  vessel  driven  by  the  turbine  pro- 
peller is  kept  up  by  the  recoil  arising  from  the 
efflux  in  a  sternward  direction  of  a  stream  of 
water,  kept  up  by  the  action  of  a  centrifugal 
pump  or  turbine,  driven  by  a  steam  engine, 
drawing  water  from  the  sea  and  discharging  it 
sternwards,  in  a  continuous  stream,  through  a 
bent  pipe  or  nozzle,  at  a  high  velocity. 

The  turbine  propeller  was  invented  some 
years  ago,  and  attracted  sufficient  attention  to 
secure  a  competitive  trial  by  the  British  Gov- 
ernment in  1867,  with  screw  propellers.  Al- 
though the  turbine  did  not  equal  (although  not 
much  behind)  the  screw,  yet  its  performance  at 
so  early  a  stage  cannot  but  be  considered  as 
very  promising.  Mr.  A.  Murray  has  lately 
brought  up  the  subject  again  in  the  Jour.  M. 
U.  S.  L,  and  urges  further  trials  and  investi- 
gations. It  is  claimed  that  the  turbine  affords 
a  higher  per  cent,  of  utilized  power  than  the 
paddle  or  screw,  which  last,  all  admit,  lose  a 
large  amount  of  power,  say  40  to  50  percent,  at 
least,  while  centrifugal  pumps  of  40  to  50  horse- 
power, for  raising  water,  have  been  found  to 
utilize  even  as  high  as  80  per  cent.,  varying 
from  that  down  to  50.  But  to  determine  this 
point  satisfactorily  further  experiments  are 
needed. 

Other  points  of  superiority  over  the  screw  or 
paddle  wheel  claimed  for  the  turbine  are:  the 
power  of  rapidly  stopping  the  way  of  a  vessel; 
great  power  over  a  heavy  leak;  freedomfrom  the 
chance  of  internal  injury  or  of  fouling;  utility 
when  the  vessel  is  being  driven  by  sails  at  the 
rate  of  10  knots  or  more,  (when  the  paddle  or 
screw  would  be  of  little  or  no  service,)  thus  ob- 
taining a  greater  speed  than  ever  yet  realized 
on  the  ocean;  assistance  rendered  to  the  ves- 
sel's steerage;  not  being  affected  by  the  pitch- 
ing or  rolling  of  the  vessel;  non-interference 
with  any  desired  form  of  the  ship  for  insuring 
good  sailing  properties;  facility  of  bringing  into 
action  or  discontinuing  its  use,  etc. 

Pressure  in  Steam  Boilers. — The  question 
as  to  whether  the  pressure  in  a  steam  boiler  was 
equal  or  different  at  top  and  bottom,  concerning 
which  their  seems  to  be  some  difference  of  opin- 
ion amongst  engineers — though  it  is  difficult, 
from  the  simplicity  of  the  facts  involved  in  con- 
sidering the  question,  to  see  how  a  difference  of 
opinion  should  exist — has  nevertheless  been 
experimentally  determined  by  the  Messrs.  Hun- 
ter, at  their  establishment  in  this  city.  An  el- 
bow was  attached  to  the  end  of  the  blow-off  pipe 
which  entered  the  mud-drum ;  into  this  a  plug 
was  screwed,  and  tapped  to  receive  a  half-inch 
pipe ;  to  this  a  steam  gauge  was  attached  and 
the  cock  opened.  On  comparing  the  indications 
of  the  gauges  attached  at  top  of  boiler  and  to 
the  top  of  drum,  as  above  described,  it  was 
found  that  the  pressure  was  greatest  at  the  bot- 
tom, by  a  pound  and  a  half,  proving,  as  might 
readily  have  been  predicted,  that  the  pressure 
upon  the  bottom  of  a  boiler  is  equal  to  the 
steam  pressure  indicated  above,  plus  the  weight 
of  a  water  column  equal  in  hight  to  the  differ- 
ence in  level  between  drum  and  surface  of  water 
in  boiler,  and  in  diameter  to  that  acting  on  the 
gauge. — Jour.  Franklin  Institute. 

Up  to  1870  there  were  seventeen  steel  works 
in  Great  Britain.  There  are  now  nine  steel- 
rail  mills  in  the  United  States,  while  two  others 
are  building  at  Chicago  and  Springfield,  111., 
and  four  others  are  projected  at  St.  Louis,  Mil- 
waukee, Omaha,  and  two  on  the  line  of  the 
Pacific  Railroad. 


324 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  25,  1872. 


ining  Nummary. 


The  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub 
lislied  in  the  interior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned 

California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

M.  &  N.  W.  Co.— Alpine  Miner,  May 
11th:  The  main  tunnel  is  to  be  pushed 
with  vigor. 

Native  Silver  is  reported  as  having 
been  found  in  one  of  the  drifts  of  the 
Schenectady  yesterday. 

Ore  at  several  points  in  the  M.  &  N.W. 
mines  is  looking  well.   No.  6  drift  is  look- 
ing better  than  for  some  time,  and  No.  7, 
just  started,  is  already  in  ore. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

Kennedy. — Jackson  Dispatch,  May  18th: 
The  prospects  in  this  mine  are  more  flat- 
tering than  ever  before. 

Rich. — Jackson  Ledger,  May  18th:  As 
work  progresses  in  the  Phcenix,  the  ledge 
increases  in  width  until  it  has  reached  full 
20  ft.  in  thickness,  the  whole  body  being 
first  class  rock.  Several  thousand  tons  of 
valuable  rock  is  upon  the  dump,  ready 
for  milling. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Bull  Creek  Mines. — Oroville  Record, 
May  18th:  The  Cook  Co.  claim  cleaned  up 
last  week,  after  a  4  days'  run,  and  took  out 
19%  oz.  Four  hands  are  employed,  which 
would  give  $25  a  day  to  each. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

West  Point. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  May 
18th:  The  8  stamp  mill  on  the  Zacetara  is 
running  on  some  very  rich  rock  from  the 
mine. 

Some  rock  from  the  Bartolo  recently 
treated,  yielded  $64  per  ton.  The  ledge  is 
nearly  2%  ft.  in  width,  and  works  easily. 

In  the  Harris  mine  the  new  machinery 
has  completely  freed  the  mine  from  water, 
and  the  owners  are  being  rewarded  by  some 
excellent  rock. 

The  Steger  mine  has  temporarily  sus- 
pended operations,  owing  to  an  influx  of 
water,  at  60  ft. 

In  theWoodland,  Mr.  Wood  proposes  to 
open  a  second  tunnel  to  intercept  the  ledge 
about  100  ft.  below  the  present  one. 

In  the  Ohio  Con. ,  work  is  being  pushed 
with  vigor.  The  tunnel  is  in  nearly  150  ft., 
and  is  designed  to  cut  3  very  rich  veins  of 
quartz. 

New  Quartz  Mill. — A  new  quartz  mill 
has  recently  been  erected  in  the  vicinity  of 
Campo  Seco  for  the  purpose  of  prospect- 
ing some  of  the  leads  in  that  vicinity. 
EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Lucky  Strike. — Placerville  Republican, 
May  16th:  Two  miners  on  the   Diamond 
Springs   divide,   found  a  lump   of    gold 
worth  about  $2,000,  last  week. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Bullion.— Inyo  Independent,  May  11th, 
May  1st.  Hiskey  &  Walker  shipped  6,459 
ozs.,  valued  at  $4,000. 

Cerro  Gordo. — The  furnaces   at  Cerro 
Gordo  and  Swansea  are  in  constant  opera- 
tion. 
MONO  COUNTY. 

Benton. — Inyo  Independent,  May  11  th: 
The  foundations  of  the  new   10-stamp  mill 
are  being  lain,  and  the  work  bids  fair  to 
be  rapidly  pushed  to  completion. 
NAPA  COUNTY. 

Quicksilver. — Napa  Reporter,  May  18: 
The  mines  near  Oakville,  including  the 
Whitton,  are  being  vigorously  worked, 
and  are  yielding  well. 

Coal. — Woodland  Democrat,  May  11: 
Mr.  Benj.  Ely,  of  Buckeye,  is  one  of  the 
propietors  of  a  coal  mine  recently  discov- 
ered &%  miles  southeast  of  Knoxville, 
which  promises  to  be  a  good  thing.  The 
vein  was  discovered  by  a  Mr.  Walton,  and 
near  the  surface  showed  a  seam  less  than 
an  inch  wide.  At  8  ft.  the  vein  is  three 
3  ft.  thick  and  widening  as  it  goes  down. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Started. — Nevada  Transcript,  May  15: 
The  Providence  Co.,  on  Deer  creek,  have 
got  their  mill  in  good  running  order,  and 
commenced  crushing  yesterday.  They 
have  out  between  250  and  300  tons  of 
splendid  quartz.    . 

North  Bloomfield  G.  M.  Co. — They 
will  commence  immediately  to  sink  8 
shafts,  and  will  give  employment  to  150 
additional  men. 

Willow  Valley. — The  Montana  Co., 
are  fitting  up  hoisting  works  and  expect 
shortly  to  be  in  active  operation. 

The  Buckeye  Co.,  have  out  over  100  tons 
of  quartz,  and  will  commence  hauling  it 
on  Monday  to  the  Oriental  mill  to  have  it 
crushed.  The  rock  shows  considerable 
free  gold  and  is  rich  in  sulphurets. 

GRANiTEvrLLE  Mines. — The  Erie  is  turn- 
ing out  splendid  rock.  The  Amshaw  has 
a  fine  looking  ledge.  A  large  number  of 
men  were  to  work  on  this  last  week.    The 


old  Scotchmen's  Tunnel  cement  diggings 
are  to  be  opened  up  immediately.  The 
Black  &  Young  is  taking  out  better  rock 
than  ever  before.  The  gravel  diggings 
are  being  worked  extensively.  The  claims 
of  Morris,  Quinn  and  Mitchell,  on  the 
north  fork  of  Poor  man's  Creek  are  turn- 
ing out  finely. 

Mount  Auburn. — Nevada  Qazette,  May 
18:  Hoisting  works  are  being  erected  on 
this  mine,  and  will  soon  be  completed, 
when  work  will  be  pushed  forward. 

French  Corral.— The  Big  Slide  Co. 
have  erected  a  new  quartz  mill — 10  stamps. 
About  150  tons  of  good  rock  is  being 
crushed,  and  the  mill  is  being  run  night 
and  day. 

Golden  Gate  Ledge. — G.  V.  Draio«,May 
15:  The  shaft  is  down  about  130  ft.  and  at 
the  bottom  is  a  well  defined  ledge  2  ft. 
thick. 

Picayune  Co. — The  Co.,  working  in 
gravel  on  Randolph  Hill,  has  very  fine 
prospects  ahead.  The  gravel  will  pay 
from  $10  to  $12  a  day  to  the  hand  for 
drifting. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Large  Yield. — Quincy  National,  May 
11:  Ferguson  &  Wagner,  of  Dutch  Hill, 
on  the  North  Fork,  recently  shipped  about 
$5,000,  the  result   of  their   Spring's  run. 

Green  Mountain. — Work  at  this  mine, 
near  Cherokee,  is  progressing  finely. 
They  have  completed  their  raise  up  to  the 
surface,  and  a  shaft  will  be  sunk  immedi- 
ately. 

Struck  It. — Mr.  Carman,  who  has  an 
eastern  extension  on  the  Betterton  ledge, 
near  Mohawk  Valley,  has  struckthe  ledge, 
and  obtained  some  fine  prospects. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 
¥  The  Mines. — San  Diego  Bulletin,  May 
9th:  The  Golden  Chariot  Co.,  San  Felipe 
Canon,  have  out  about  225  tons  of  ore, 
which  they  expect  will  yield  about  $30,000 
with  which  they  intend  to  put  up  a  mill. 
SAN  BERNADINO  COUNTY. 

Rich. — Los  Angeles  News,   May  11:  60 
tons  of  ore  from  Chatfield  &  Knights  mine, 
Clarke  dist.  yielded  $1,600,  per  ton. 
SIERRA  COUNTY- 

Good  Yield. — Downieville  Messenger, 
May  11:  A  clean  up  in  Henry  Backer's 
claims  at  Eureka,  resulted  in  nearly  200 
oz.  of  fine  looking   gold. 

Good  Haul. — 100  oz.  of  gold  was 
brought  down  the  other  day  from  Hughes 
diggings  at  Battlesnake,  picked  up  from 
the  bedrock. 

High  Commission. — This  mine  continues 
to  produce  splendid  rock. 

Lively. — It  is  confidently  anticipated 
that  we  shall  have  a  large  number  of  cap- 
italists among  us  this  Summer,  looking 
for  a  chance  to  profitably  invest  their 
means. 
SISKIYOU  COUNTY. 

Little  Humbug. — Yreka  Union,  May 
11th:  Dad  Eider  and  Commodore  Jones 
are  running  2  sluices  in  their  claim  and 
are  realizing  from  $14  to  $15  to  the  hand. 
Love  &  Shadreau's  claim  is  paying  from 
a  half  ounce  to  an  ounce  a  day  to  the 
hand.  The  claim  of  Parker  &  Parson  is 
yielding  from  $12  to  $15  per  day  to  the 
hand. 
TRINITY  COUNTY 

The  Big  Ditch. — Weaverville  Journal, 
May  18th  :    The  prospects  are  decidedly 
favorable    for    the    construction     of  the 
Steuart  Fork  Ditch  this  Summer. 
TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

Gravel  Claim. — Sonora  Independent, 
May  18th  :  Mr.  Richards  has  made  the 
discovery  that  the  sheep-pen,  near  the 
slaughter  yard  of  Viekery  &  Goodwin,  a 
short  distance  from  Springfield,  is  on  a 
rich  deposit  of  auriferous  gravel,  and  that 
the  prospects  are  good. 

David  Hughes'  Tunnel. — This  tunnel, 
located  in  Bald  Mountain,  is  to  be  worked 
on  the  back  channel. 

YUBA   COUNTY; 

Brown's  Valley. — Marysville  Appeal, 
May  17th:  Considerable  prospecting  for 
quartz  is  going  on  in  that  vicinity.  The 
Wisconsin  Co.,  and  Jeffard  &  Co.,  are 
busily  engaged  in  prospecting  for  exten- 
sions to  the  old  ledges. 

Nevada. 
EUREKA  district- 
Phoenix  and  Jackson. —  Eureka  Sen- 
tinel, May  14th:     In    the  Phoenix   oper- 
ations  in  the  main    are  confined  to  the 
Adams  and  Farren  shaft.    The  machinery 
for    the  hoisting    works,   ia    all    on  the 
ground  and  rapidly  being  put    in   place. 
The  Adams  &  Farren   shaft  is   down   350 
feet.     The  ore  has    steadily  improved  in 
width  and  richness  from  the  surface.    The 
Jackson  has  attained  110  feet.     The  shaft 
will  be  continued  40  feet  deeper,  when   a 
drift  will  be  started  south  for  the  ledge. 
Lemon    Mill. — Yesterday    the  Lemon 


Mill  started  up,  the  White  furnace  for 
some  time  under  process  of  construction 
having  been  completed.  The  capacity  of 
the  mill,  when  all  the  stamps  are  in  mo- 
tion and  both  furnaces  running,  "will  be 
20  tons  per  day. 

Freiberg. — A  smelting  furnace  of  40 
tons  capacity  has  been  erected  and  will 
soon  be  in  successful  operation.  There 
are  upwards  of  $1,500  tons  of  ore  on  the 
dump  ready  for    use  at   the  furnace. 

Newport. — The  main  shaft  is  down 
about  130  feet,  at  which  point  a  cross  drift 
is  being  run.  This  drift  has  been  run 
east  and  west  32  ft  in  low  grade  ore  the  en- 
tire length.  Greater  depth,  it  is  be- 
lieved, will  develop  higher  grade  ore  in 
immense  quantities.  The  work  of  sinking 
will  be  resumed  as  soon  as  the  west  wall 
of  the  ledge  is  reached  with  the  drift. 

Strike. — The  owners  of  the  Hannah, 
in  New  York  Canon,  have  struck  water  at 
160  feet.  This  is  an  important  item  in 
the  history  of  our  dist.,  as  it  has  always 
been  argued  that  in  limestone  formation 
water  does  not  exist. 

ELY  DISTRICT. 

Local  Record. — Ely  Record,  May  12: 
Bullion. — During  the  past  week  W.  F. 
&  Co.  shipped  $141,063.94;  the  previous 
week  the  shipment  was  only  $124,332. 
70. 

Huhn  &  Hunt.  —  Enough  ore  is  in 
sight  to  warrant  us  in  the  assertion  that 
from  $250,000  to  $300,000  worth  could  be 
taken  out  in  a  very  short  time. 

Ellen  Goodspeed. — Assays  from  this 
mine  run  from  $86  to  $310  in  silver.  As- 
says from  the  Eliza  Sutter  nearly  gave 
$125  in  silver  and  $8  in  gold. 

Chief  of  the  Hill. — Since  our  last 
mention  the  west  winze  has  been  sunk  80 
ft.  from  the  first  level,  and  shows  3%  ft. 
of  good  ore  in  the  bottom.  Assays  of  ore 
taken  from  6  different  places  in  the  mine 
gave  an  average  of  $103.50. 

Condor. — Work  on  the  old  shaft  ha3 
been  vigorously  prosecuted,  and  a  depth 
of  over  100  feet  has  been  attained.  About 
140  ft.  below  the  old  shaft,  a  new  one,  in- 
tended to  be  used  as  the  main  working 
shaft,  has  just  been  started  and  is  down  8 
ft.  The  vein  of  ore  in  this  shaft  is  al- 
ready 18  inches  in  width,  and  looks  ex- 
tremely well. 

Mocking  Bird. — The  shaft  is  down  12 
ft. ,  with  the  ledge  the  full  size  of  shaft, 
6x4% .  Average  assays  from  the  ore  taken 
out  are  $98. 

Orleans. — Work  was  resumed  on  Fri- 
day last,  and  will  be  pushed  vigorously 
ahead.  The  shaft  has  a  depth  of  65  ft., 
from  which  point  a  contract  to  sink  and 
drift  100   ft.  has  been  let. 

Spring  Mountain  Tunnel. — The  tunnel 
is  in  180  feet;  ledges  have  been  cut  in 
going  ahead,  one  at  31  feet  from  the  mouth 
and  the  other  143.  At  the  point  where 
the  first  ledge  was  struck  a  drift  was  run 
16  ft  and  a  chamber  14x12  was  opened. 
Here  a  winze  was  sunk  to  100  ft,  on  ledge 
matter  all  the  way,  and  at  55  ft  a  large 
body  of  ore  was  struck  into.  The  second 
ledge  struck  carries  a  fine  body  of  ore  in 
sight:  assays  from  it  have  gone  as  high  as 
$3,000. 

HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionvillo  Silver  State,  May 
28th:  Amount  shipped  from  Arizona  since 
our  last  issue,  was  $5,849. 

REESE   RIVER. 

Progress. — Revielle,Ma.y  11th:  Mr.  Wren 
is  working  the  Progress  and  has  struck  a 
body  of  rich  chloride  ore  about  10  inches 
in  width  about  10  ft  from  the  surface.  The 
ledge  is  about  two  feet  wide. 

Jefferson  Canon. — The  incline  upon 
the  Sailor-boy  is  down  about  25  ft,  all  the 
way  in  porphyry.  The  ledge  is  about  4% 
feet  in  width,  about  18  inches  of  which  is 
first-class  ore.  Assays  taken  promiscuously 
from  the  pile  range  from  $1,000  to  $1,500 
per  ton. 

Two  inclines  are  being  sunk  on  the 
Prussian  Ledge  one  of  which  is  down  20 
and  the  other  15  feet. 

The  Rappahannock  Ledge  has  been 
stripped  100  ft  showing  a  fine  body  of  ore 
all  the  way  averaging  2%  ft  in  width. 

A  fine  body  of  ore  2ft  wide  has  been 
struck  at  the  35  ft  level  in  the  Hillside. 

About  7  tons  of  ore  that  will  work  up 
into  the  thousands,  has  been  taken  from 
the  Summit  Ledge. 

WASHOE. 

Bullion. — Reno  Crescent,  May  11th:  The 
shipment  for  the  week  ending  May  10th 
was  18,317  pounds,  from  the  Crown  Point 
and  Belcher  mines  principally. 

Local  Summary. — Gold  Hill  News,  May 
18th:  Succor — New  shaft  down  68  ft.  and 
very  good  progress  being  made. 

Crown  Point. — Dailv  yield  580  tons, 
from  the  1,100  and  1,200-ft.  levels,  where 
all  the  ore  breasts  are  looking  splendidly. 


The  amount  of  rich  ore  in  sight  is  im- 
mense, with  no  definite  boundaries  or  ex- 
tent, but  embracing  the  whole  mine  at  the 
lowest  depths. 

Belcher. — Daily  yield,  300  tons,  from 
the  1,100-ft  level.     " 

Buckeye.— Daily  yield  about  50  tons  of 
good  paying  gold  ore.  Drifting  both  north 
and  south  is  being  energetically  carried 
forward.  The  south  drift  at  the  100-ft. 
level  is  in  excellent  ore.  The  drift  south 
at  the  300-ft.,  or  lowest  level,  has  cut  into 
a  fine  body  of  ore. 

South  Overman. — This  Co.  are  about 
to  commence  sinking  a  new  working  shaft. 

Kenj-uck. — Daily  yield  increased  to  49 
and  50  tons  per  day.  A  5-stamp  mill  in 
addition  to  the  Devil's  Gate  mill  has  been 
started,  crushing  ore  from  this  mine. 

Chollar-Potosi. — Daily  yield  about 
200  tons.     Average  assays  $40. 

Utah. — The  work  of  sinking  the  new 
shaft  is  being  continued  night  and  day. 

Daney.— North  drift  at  the  500-ft.  level 
in  193  ft.  on  the  vein,  following  excellent 
indications. 

Hale  &  Norcross. — For  the  past  week 
the  average  production  of  ore  has  been  120 
tons. 

Yellow  Jacket.' — Daily  yield  30  tons. 
The  ore  streak  at  the  1300  ft.  level,  near 
the  Kentuck  line,  is  of  too  low  grade  to  be 
worth  extracting. 

Con.  Virginia.— On  the  500-ft.  level  of 
the  new  shaft  they  are  drifting  south  in 
the  vein  along  the  west  wall. 

Imperial  Empire. — The  rumored  strikes 
of  good  ore  in  drifts  from  the  shaft,  so 
prevalent  during  the  past  few  days  have 
no  foundation  in  fact. 

Savage. — Daily  yield  about  200  tons. 
Night  before  last  the  winze  from  the  1400- 
ft.  level  made  connection  with  the  main 
south  drift  of  the  1500-ft.  level,  giving  a 
fine  circulation  of  pure  air. 

Ophir. — The  main  drift  west  at  the 
1300-ft.  level  is  discontinued  and  running 
north  substituted  with  good  progress  and 
prospects.  The  main  drift  west  will  be 
resumed  shortly.  At  the  1100-ft  level  the 
main  drift  west  is  in  383  ft.,  and  the  south 
drift  220  ft. 

Union  Con.  S.  M.  Co.— S.  F.  Stock  Re- 
port, May  15:  This  mine  is  located  in  the 
Virginia  Mining  District.  The  incorpor- 
ation consists  in  the  consolidation  of  the 
United  States  M.  Co's  and  the  Union  Co 's 
ground,  which  embraces  all  the  ground 
lying  between  the  Ophir  and  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  including  several  parallel  ledges 
east  and  west  of  the  Comstock,  amounting 
to  about  12,000  ft.  Mr.  Lee,  the  Sup't  of 
the  Co. ,  informs  us  that  they  have  a  shaft 
down  130  ft.,  and  on  a  line  and  several 
hundred  ft.  north  of  the  Ohir  Co's  new 
shaft.  It  is  in  three  compartments  and  in 
good  condition,  which  they  intend  to  erect 
machinery  on  immediately,  and  continue 
sinking  the  shaft  and  develop  their  mines 
at  a  greater  depth. 

WHITE  PINE. 

East  Sheboygan. — W.  P.  News,  May  11: 
There  is  a  marked  improvement  in  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  ore  body  in  the  different 
openings  since  last  mentioned. 

Ward  Beecher. — Making  preparation  to 
commence  breasting  out  in  the  open  cut. 
There  are  upward  of  5,000  tons  of  fair 
milling  ore  in  sight. 

North  Aurora. — The  ore  body  in 
Lady's  Chamber  has  increased  in  quantity 
and  improved  in  grade  since  last  noticed. 
The  drift  running  south  is  pushed  ahead 
rapidly,  extracting  65  tons  daily. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining. — Prescott  Miner, 
May  4th:  At  90  ft.  from  the  surface  the  El 
Pasco  lode  is  thicker  and  richer  than  it 
has  been  at  any  point  in  the  shaft  above 
that  depth. 

In  Mohave  Co.  Mr.  Coover's  furnace  is 
running,  and  it  is  thought  that  Mr.  Elder's 
will  be  running  by  the  10th  of  the  month. 

Colorado. 

Caribou. — Central  Register,  May  1:  The 
Eureka  lode,  300  ft.  south  of  the  Caribou 
lode,  bids  fair  to  prove  one  of  the  best 
mines  in  the  dist.  At  18  ft.  the  owners 
are  taking  out  silver  glance  which  assays 
$2,756.75. 

Gibson  Gulch. — Work  is  soon  to  be  re- 
sumed on  the  "Clifton."  The  "Veto"  has 
been  worked  under  lease,  and  a  fine  body 
of  mineral  has  been  raised.  About  50 
tons  of  ore  is  on  the  dump,  ready  for 
shipment,  supposed  to  be  worth  about 
$200  per  ton.  Work  is  actively  progress- 
ing on  the  Queen  lode.  Work  will  be  re- 
sumed on  the  Franklin  lode,  as  soon  as  the 
Co's  mill  at  Masonville  is  completed. 

Boulder. — Caribou  Post,  May  3:  Tom- 
my Scott  has  bonded  his  interest  in  the 
Star  of  the  West  lode,  in  Snowy  Range 
Dist.,  to  St.  Louis  parties  for  $10,000. 


May  25,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS> 


325 


Idaho. 

Local  Record — Ida  Ellmohe. — Owy- 
hee  Avalanche,  May  4th:  The  7th  level 
drifts  are  being  rna  with  energy. 

Minnesota. — The  shaft  is  down  230  ft. 
from  the  bottom  of  which  :)d  level  drifts 
are  running  north  and  south.  They  are 
hoisting  about  1~>  tons  of  ore  daily,  esti- 
mated to  be  worth  from  §10  to  S50per  ton. 

Mahogany. — 45  miuers  are  employed  in 
this  mine.  They  are  down  to  the  5th 
level,  a  distance  of  about  425  ft.  from  the 
surface,  and  have  drifted  some  50  ft.  oach 
direction  from  the  shaft.  Stoping  is  go- 
ing on  between  the  Sd  and  4th  levels,  and 
the  main  drifts  in  the  4th  level  are  being 
run  fast. 

Empire. — Thoy  have  only  worked  out  a 
portion  of  tho  first  level,  the  ore  of  which 
yielded  large  profits,  milling  S154per  ton. 
They  have  about  50  tons  on  the  dump  at 
the  mine. 

Catalow  &  Co.  intend  to  resume  work 
on  the  Blue  Jacket,  on  the  hill  east  of 
town,  iu  afow  days. 

Montana. 

Trinity.— Helena  Herald,  May  2d:  Bob 
Steele  has  recently  discovered  now  placer 
diggings  in  Trinity  gulch,  which  pay  $8 
per  day  to  the  hand. 

"7-30  Lode." — This  is  tho  name  of  a  very 
rich  silver  lode  recently  discovered  on 
Clancy  Creek.  Mr.  McMurphy  showed 
us  yesterday  a  fine  silver  button  taken 
from  an  ounce  of  ore.  The  assayer  says 
it  will  yield  at  this  rate  $000  per  ton.  A 
shaft  of  35  ft.  has  been  sunk  and  consid- 
erable ore  takon  out.  The  vein  is  10 
inches  wide. 

Uniontille. — Cor.  same:  The  National 
Co.  have  struck  excellent  quartz  in  their 
new  mine  ou  the  Owyhee,  and  will  put  on 
additional  men  tho  first  of  next  month. 
They  are  moving  their  hoisting  works 
from  the  old  mine  to  the  new  one,  and 
are  fitting  up  their  millreadyfor  crushing. 

The  Columbia  Co.  are  sinking  on  No.  3, 
Union  East,  and  are  down  200  ft. 

At  Grizzly,  McGarity  &  Co.  have  a  good 
body  of  quartz. 

Constans  is  finding  good  quartz  in  his 
lode. 

"Norwegian  Pete"  is  also  taking  out 
good  rock  from  the  discovery  ou  the  Eve- 
lyn  lode. 

The  "Spanish  Boys"  are  taking  out  rook 
on  the  Shaker,  at  the  head  of  Nelson,  which 
runs  at  the  mill  nearly  $100  per  ton. 

Judge  Turnley  is  running  S30  rock  at 
his  mill,  taken  out  of  the  Park  lode. 

The  Harvey  mill  starts,  up  on  Monday 
next,  crushing  quartz  from  Tucker  Gulch 
and  "float"  rock  from  the  Park. 

Quartz  Gulch. — Unionville  Pioneer, 
April  27th:  Mont  &  Tag,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  gulch,  cleaned  up  from  their  bedrock 
flume  in  20  days'  work,  with  4  hands, 
§1,200.  Loutzenheiser  &  Co.  are  doing 
remarkably  well.  Richards,  Duboise  & 
Silverson,  on  No.  18  in  the  upper  dist., 
are  cleaning  up  from  $  15  to  §20  a  day  to 
the  hand. 

Quartz. — Virginia  Monlanian,  May  2d: 
Mr.  Poznainsky,  on  the  True  Silver  in 
Brown's  Gulch,  has  tapped  a  splendid 
body  of  ore  with  his  tunnel. 

John  How,  on  the  Oro  Cache  at  Summit, 
keeps  his  force  of  hands  busily  taking  out 
ore,  while  the  mill  is  pounding  away  with 
good  results. 

Tom  Harper  and  Dr.  Ellis,  from  the 
Iron  Rod  and  other  leads  at  Silver  Star, 
■were  in  town  Tuesday  with  260  ounces  of 
retort. 

At  Jefferson  and  Boulder  there  are  over 
50  discoveries  being  developed,  and  some 
400  men  are    busily    employed  in  quartz. 

The  furnace  of  Marsh  &  Starrett,  of 
Jefferson,  having  already  made  two  suc- 
cessful runs,  started  up  a  new  charge 
Tuesday  morning, 

Utah. 

Black  Jack  Gulch. — S.  L.  Tribune,  May 
11th:  Parties  are  preparing  to  erect  a  10- 
stamp  mill  at  the  junction  of  Black  Jack 
and  Butterfield  canons,  and  have  already 
made  a  good  road  from  the  mines  to  the 
site. 

Strike. — At  45  ft.  a  10  ft.  vein  of  yellow 
chloride  ore  was  struck  last  Friday  in  the 
Lexington  mine,  Little  Cottonwdod.  The 
ore  is  worth  $100  to  the  ton. 

Camp  Floyd. — Cor.  same:  The  Sparrow 
Hawk  mill,  at  the  lower  end  of  Lewiston, 
is  nearly  completed. 


Mining  Sales. — The  Orleans  Company  have 
sold  their  quartz  ledge  at  Gold  Flat,  Nevada 
County,  to  some  San  Francisco  capitalists  for 
$15,000. 

Two  important  sales  of  mining  property  in 
Camp  Floyd  and  Tintic  districts  took  place  on 
the  20th.  One  transaction  amounts  to  $100,- 
000  cash,  and  another  to  $400,000  in  four 
monthly  installments. 


San  Francisco    Stock    and    Exchange 
Board. 

Thtjbsdav,  May  22. 

Tho  sales  at  the  Stock  Board  for  tho  week 
ending  May  l-jth,  were  $4,G17,U00,  and  make  a 
total  since  January  of  $106,294,000.  Tho  Bui- 
Ut'ut,  in  a  tabulated  statement  for  each  week, 
sums  up  as  follows:  Week  endiug  January  10, 
$3,000,000;  week  ending  Jan.  17,  93,482,500  : 
week  ending  Jan.  24,  $4,510,200  ;  week  ending 
Jan.  31,  $4,20H,C00;  week  ending  Feb.  7,  $8,- 
045,000  ;  week  ending  Fub.  1-1,  $7,682,900; 
week  ending  Feb.  21,  $4,050,000  ;  week  ending 
Feb.  28,  $3,377,000;  week  ending  Mar.  6,  $ 3,- 
867,600;  wook  ending  Mar.  13,  $4,072,300;  week 
ending  March  20,  $4,309,000;  week  ending  Mar. 
27,  $4,014,700;  week  ending  April  3,  $4,308,- 
000;  week  ending 'April  10,  $7,183,700;  week 
ending  April  17,  $8,404,400;  week  ending  April 
24,  $11,203,300;  week  ending  May  1,  $8,579,900. 
weekending  May  8,  $0,357,200 ;  week  ending 
May  15,  $1,017,900;  total,  $100,244,800.  These 
figures  show  an  average  of  $5,500,000  per  week, 
or  $286,000  per  annum.  Prior  to  last  year  the 
heaviest  sales  at  the  Board  wore  in  1868,  when 
they  amounted  to  about  $116,000,000.  The 
sales  for  1869  were  $09,000,000,  and  for  $1870 
were  only  $51,000,000.  Tho  rmonthly  average 
this  year  has  been  about  $23,000,000. 

The  stock  market  has  fluctuated  considerably 
during  the  week,  and  Monday  they  fell  heavily. 
Everbody  was  anxious  to  sell  and  nobody  to 
buy.  The  whole  amount  of  business  done  on 
that  day  was  very  small  and  a  very  general  de- 
cline of  prices  occurred.  On  Friday  the  17th 
the  market  was  irregular  but  some  kinds 
advanced  a  little.  On  Saturday  stocks  received 
a  heavy  blow,  and  everything  fell  considerably. 
Monday  was  worse  still  and  the  expected  re- 
action did  not  occur.  Tuesday  morning  it  was 
weak  and  some  kinds  were  lower  than  they 
have  been  for  four  or  five  months,  but  they 
rallied  at  the  afternoon  session.  On  "VVednes- 
a  general  advance  was  experienced  although 
at  the  afternoon  session  prices  were  lower  than 
in  the  morning.  The  sales  this  morning 
showed  an  advance  in  prices  over  last  evening 
but  were  irregular. 

The  new  shares  of  the  Crown  Point  Co.  are 
ready  for  distribution.  The  Company  has  filed 
a  certificate  of  increase  of  capital  stock  from 
$10,000,000  on  100,000  shares.  The  amount  of 
stock  paid  in  is  $3,000,000,  and  there  are  no 
debts  against  the  Company.  The  Best  and 
Belcher  Company  have  increased  their  capital 
from  $448,000  tq  $2,240,000.  The  Consoli- 
dated Virginia  have  increased  their  capital 
stock  from  $5,800,000  in  11,600  shares  to  $7,- 
080,000  in  shares  of  $300  each.  The  Poca- 
hontas Company  will  meet  June  28  to  consider 
a  proposition  to  increase  their  stock  from  $120,- 
000  to  $1,200,000.  The  Buckeye  Mine  pro- 
duced last  week  150  tons  of  ore,  averaging 
$16.22,  and  the  Chollar-Potosi  1,055  tons, 
averaging  $34  28.  Th  latter  shipped  $16,300. 
The  Raymond  &  Ely  Mine  has  sent  down  on 
May  account  $198,940.  The  Hale  &  Norcross 
took  out  last  week  875  tons  of  ore  and  there 
aie  on  the  dumps  2,685  tons.  The  Savage  took 
out  last  week  1,180  tons,  assaying  $27.80  per 
ton.  The  Eureka  Consolidated  Mine  produced 
last  week  1,100  tons  of  ore.  The  bullion 
product  of  the  mine  for  the  month  thus 
far  is  432,795  lbs  and  they  have  1,035 
tons  of  ore  on  hand.  The  yield  of  the  Crown 
Point  last  week  amounted  to  3,000  tons  of  ore, 
valued  at  $111,000.  The  Meadow  Valley  Mine 
has  sent  down  on  this  month's  account  $58,600. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes,  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

May  16.     Highest.  Zoicest.    May  23.    Adu.  Dei: 

90  40           75          —        15 

17  13.^       ■ 

1000  40u 


1000 


100 

3 

25 
15 
36 
87  \4 
\1% 


28 
18 
36 
205 
13 


Alpha $  90 

American  Flag,.  \b% 

Belcher S50 

Buckeye h% 

Chollar-Potoai..  124 

Caledonia 65 

Cons.  Virginia. . .  65 
Crown  Point....    — 

Daney 3 

Eureka  Cona —  30 

hureka 16 

Exchequer 50 

Gould  A  Curry..  — 
Golden  Chariot. .  14 
Hale  k  Norcross- 150 

Ida  Elmore 22 

Imperial 220 

Justice — 

Kentuck 340 

Mammoth 1  % 

Meadow  Valley..  15 

Mahogany — 

Ophir 40 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.  " 

Overman . 

Pioche 14 

Raymond  &  Ely.  116 

Savage 300 

Sierra  Nevada...  25 

Succor 6 

Wash.  A  Creole..  6 
Yellow  Jacket...  160 
Seg,  Belcher —  95 

Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


50 


95 


137;$ 


155 


18 
55 
270 
14 


2L 

395 

2 

16 
19 


25 
6'£ 


260 
1 
U% 
IB 
20 
10 


72# 


*%        -  - 

B7& 


100 


12!* 

m 


BID.  ASKED 


Alpha  Cons... 

Ainailor — 

[;<kh..T 930 

Chollar-Potosi..     105 

Crown  Point 135 

Daney 4 

Eureka  Cons....      28 

Eureka 17^ 

Golden  Chariot.       12& 
Gould  A  Curry.    200 
Hale  A  Norcross    112'* 


75 

940 

llu' 

137  Si 

4M 

28'., 

18 

13 
2H5 


BID.   ASKED 

Ida  Elmore I8,!»      18 

Imperial 230       230 

Kentuck 350        350 

Meadow  Valley..    14!*       M 

Ophir 35  SB 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas    13!^ 

Overman 70 

Savage 205 

Raymond  &  Ely.    11 V-, 
Sierra  Nevada. . .     20 


Meetings  and  Elections. 

The  Lyons  and  Wheeler  Mining  Company  of 
Mayniird  District,  Arizona,  have  elected  the 
following  officers  for  the  current  year:  Archi- 
bald C.  Peachy,  President ;  R.  S.  Floyd,  Vice 
President ;  Archibald  C.  Peachy,  B.  S.  Fluvd, 
W.  D.  Wheeler,  Win.  M.  Stewart,  Frank Sonle, 
Jr.,  Trustees  ;  Bank  of  California,  Treasurer  ; 
T.  W.  Oolburn,  Secretary. 

Thb  South  Comstock  M.  Co.  have  elected 
Robert  Sherwood,  President;  J.  M.  Buffiugton, 
Secretary,  and  John  Nelson,  Superintendent. 

The  Kiustou  M.  Co.  have  elected  the  follow- 
ing Trustees:  J.  B.  Oberton,  (President)  Geo. 
D.  Roberts,  Joseph  Napthaly,  Maurice 
Schmidt  and  L.  Greenwell;  JjOXOB  Kaplan  was 
reelected  Secretary. 

The  Ingomar  S.  M.  Co.  have  elected  the  fol- 
lowing Trustees:  N.  C.  Fassett,  L.  A.  Booth, 
George  D.  Roberts,  P.  E.  Connor  and  A.  L. 
Page. 

The  Dunderberg  Co.  have  elected  the  follow- 
ing officers:  A.  H.  Rose,  President;  E.  B. 
Rail,  Vice  President,  and  O.  H.  Bogart,  Secre- 
tary. 

The  members  of  the  Mechanics*  Institute 
met  on  the  18th  inst.  The  committee  appointed 
to  make  nominations  for  Trustees,  reported 
the  following  names:  A.  S.  Hallidie,  H.  L. 
Davis,  George  Spaulding,  R.  B.  Woodward, 
Asa  R.  Wells,  S.  H.  Wheeler  and  A.  S.  Iredale. 
The  report  was  adopted,  and  the  meeting  then 
adjourned.  The  annual  meeting  will  take 
place  in  Juno. 


72 'a 
205 
IIS 

21 


Yellow  Jacket...   142'^    145 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  In  the  Scien- 
Tiiic  Press  and  other  San  Francisco  journals,] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OP  A8BEB8MENT.  DELINQUENT.     OP  SALE 

Alleghany  Consolidated,  Cal.  Ap.  20,  25c. June S-nJune 24* 
Balto.M. Co., Storey  Co.,Nev..Ap'130,$l.June  5— June  28 
Cascade  Blue  G.  M.  Co.  Cal.  May  15,  20c.June  18--July  9 
Crown  Point  B.  S.  M.  Co.,  May  3.  $5.  ..June  20— -July  20 
Daney  M.  Co.,  Lyon  Co..  April  3,  $1.50.  ..May  9— May  27 

Eagle  Quicksilver.  May  8,  $40 July  11— Jnly  16* 

El  Dorado  M.Co.,  Cal.,  May  13,25c Juno  1G— July  10 

Francis  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  6,  $1 May  14— June  4* 

Gen.  Lee  S.  M.  Co..  W.  lMne,  Ap'l  27,10c.  .June  11— July  2 
Golden  Chariot.  IdahoT.,  Anrill2,$1.50.May22-June  18 
Hid.  Trena.  M.  Co.,  W.  P.,  May  11, 10c.  .June  17— July  8 
Hid.Treas.Cone.M.Co..W.P.,May  11,  10c..Junel7— .July  8 
Huhn  &  Hunt  S. M.Co.. Nev., Mar.20, 25c.  .Apr.29-  -May  27 

Ingomar  S.  M.  Co.,  Ely,  April  2,  25c May  8— May  31* 

Imperiatrice Eugenie,  Cal.,  April  26,  25c.  June 2— June  17 

Jackson  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  3,  25c May  6— May  25 

Julia  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  $5. May  25— June  15 

Justice  M.  Co.  Storey  Co.  Nev.,  $1 June  24—  July  15 

Kiucaid  Flat,  Cal.,  April  23,  $3 May  27— June  17* 

Lemon  M.  and  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Apr  1,  Sl.May  7-June  12 
Lord  Byron  G.&S.M.Co.,Nev.,Apr.29,25c.June3-June22 

Louise  M.  Co.,  Nevada,  April  G,  10c May  14 -June  10 

Lyons  &  Wheeler  Co.,  A.T.,  April  6, 10c. May  15-June  3* 
Lyon  &  Wheeler  Arizona.May  18, 10c. ..June  24 — July  15* 
Magnolia  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  25c. May  25— June  20 

Mina  Rica  M.Co.,  May  8,  50c June  10— July  1* 

Minn.  G.  &  S.  M.Co.,I.T.,May  12,  $1.50.  Jvne  22— July  20 

Ohio  Cons.  M.  Co.  Cal.,  May  21,  10c June  20— July  20 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  17,  $5 May  22— June  13 

Pacific  Borax  Co,,  Nevada,  May  4,  20c.  ..June  G — June  29 

Page  fcPanaca,  Nev.  April  12,60c May  20 — June  15 

Pea  VineS.M. Co., Ely  Dist. .May  14, 20c .June  20— July  12 
Piennont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  April  1G,  40c. .  .May  20— June  19* 
Pride  of  Mt.  M.Co.  Nev.,  May  7,  25c. .  .June  17— July  10 
Rising  Star  S.  M.  Co.,  Idaho,  Ap'l  27,  $1 .  .June  1— June  29 
S.  Gold  Hill  M.  Co .,  Nev..  Apr  1,  $2.50 . .  May  6— May  27 
S.  F.  M.  Co.,  Utah  Ter.,  April  13,  25c...  May  16— June8* 
Silver  Sprout  M.  Co.,  Cal. .April  29,  50c.  June  1— June  22* 
Silver  "Wave,  W.  P.,  Nev.  Apr.  10,  60c.  May  14— June  13* 
Spring  Mt.  Tunnel  Co.,April  11, 15c. .  .May  20— June  10* 

Sumner,  Kern  Co.,  April  11,  $10 May  22— June  21 

TallulahM.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  5,  $1.50 May  7— June  4 

Tecumseh  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  24,  $5. . .  May  29— June  17* 

Union  G.  M.  Co..  Cal..  May  20,  $2.59 June  22— July  9* 

Washington  M.  Co.,  May  8,  $3 June  11- June  29* 

Wash.fc  Creole  M.  Co.,Nev.,May  13,74c. .June  20— July  17 

Woodland  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  May  21, 12J«;cJune  25—July  16* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Adriatic  G.  &  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Alams  G.  &  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  4 

Bacon  M.  &  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  4 

Bacon  M.  &  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  1 

Bowers  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  27 

Calavei'as  Hydraulic  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  29 

Confidence  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  4 

Crown  Point  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

Del  Key  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting.  June  10 

Empire  M.  &  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Empire  M.  &  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Empire  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  17 

Golden  Age  &  Empire  M.  Co... .Annual  Meeting,  May  27 

Gold  Canon  Cons.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  May  31 

Green  G.  &  S.  M.Co Special  Meeting,  June  3 

Hale  &Norcro6s Special  Meeting,  May  30 

Hartford  G.  &  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  May  28 

Highland  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  4 

Independent  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  14 

Independent  Coal  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  17 

Imperial  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  June  3 

Julia  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  17 

Kentuck  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Mammoth  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

Louise  M.  Co ..Annual  Meeting,  May  25 

Minn.  G.  k  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

Overmans.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  5 

Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  18 

Senator  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  May  31 

Silver  Hill  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  27 

Silver  Sprout  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  3* 

Silver  Sprout  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  25* 

St.  Louis  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  " 

Tecumneh  G.  S.  and  C.  C Special  Meeting,  Juno  12* 

Wellington  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  4 

William  Penu  Cons.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  25 

Yankee  Boy  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  0 

YuleGravelM  Co Annual  Meeting,  May  30 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS—  (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher  M.  Co.,  $30 Payable  May  10 

Belcher,  $20 Payable  April  10 

Chollar  Potosi,  $1 Payable  Feb.  10 

Crown  Point  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  S40 Payable  May  11 

Eastport.  Coose  Bay,  Coal  M.  Co.,  $5.00.  .Payable  May  13 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $7.50 Puyable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.00 Payable  May  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  h  Ely  M.Co.,  $7 Payable  May  6 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co,  50c Payable  May  1 

'Advertised  in  this  journal. 


Ripe  Coreants. — The  first  ripe  currants,  or 
currants  fully  red  if  not  ripe,  put  in  their  ap- 
pearance in  the  markets  last  Tuesday  at  25 
cents  a  pound. 


w 


ATENTS  &  INVENTIONS. 


Full  List  of  U.  S.  Patents   Issued  to 
Pacific   Coast   Inventors. 

[Pbom  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  k  CO.,  V.  8.  and 
.FuitKiuN  Patent  Aoentb,  and  Publishers   or 

THE   ScrENTIVIO  1'IIESS.] 

Foe  the  Week   Ending   May   7th,  1872. 

Bauno-Pbbss. — Frank  A.  Huntington  and 
John  F.  Carter,  Sun  Francisco,  Cal.;  ante- 
dated April  24,  1872. 

Fbnok. — Kufus  A.  ltiggs,  Salem,  Oregon. 

Flag-Hoisting  Apparatus. — -John  W.  Macken- 
zie, San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Machine  fob  Washing  Grain. — George  Copo- 
laud,  Denver,  Col.  Ter, 

Machine  for  the  Manotactitre  of  Pneumatic 
Gas. — Alexander  Dulrymple  Bell.  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.;  assignor  to  Joseph  Wesley  Stow, 
same  place. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  8.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  In  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  lesB  time  than  by  any  other 
agency 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  £  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street 

FRIOES  FOB  1NVOIOEB 

robbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  (A* 
following  quotation*. 

Thursday,  May  30. 1872 

Iron.— 

Scotch  Pip  Iron,  IS  ton $70  00  @ 

White  Pitt,  f>  ton 52  00  @ 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment.  ^  lb —  05^@  —  Of! 

Refined  Bar,  pood  assortment,  '&  Xt> —  06  @  —  07 

Boiler,  No.  lto4 —  05  (5)  —  06 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  08  @  —  OS 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  06«@  —  07 

Sheet,  No.  11  to  20 —07  @  —  09 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —  06  :,'u 

Horse  Shoes 8  00  (di 

Nail  Rod 11  w 

Norway  Iron 9 

Rolled  Iron . .  6 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.        6  @        7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  #  lb —  24  @  —  28 

Sheathing,  Yellow  ■" —  24  &  —  26 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  11  @  —  11# 

Composition  Nails — 24  — 

Composition  Bolts —  24  — 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  e*  box 12  00 

Plates,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00  10  50 

Rooflne  Platen 11  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs.  f>  lb __  4ft 

Steel.— English  Cast,  ^  lb —  16  —17 

Drill 16  n 

FlatBar 17  20 

PlonEhPoints 8  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 12,J£ 

Quicksilver.—^  lb —85 

LEAD.-Pig,  $  lb --06  —  06W 

Sheet —  08  —   8W 

Pipe —    9  —10 

Bar 08  —  09 

Zinc— Sheets,  W  lb —  10  —  io*i 

Borax.— Refined —  25  -  30 

Borax,  crude —    5 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  st.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday.  May  30.  1872. 

Sole  Leather— The  demand  is  good,  with  an  advance  in 
Bastern  market,  which  will  probably  soon  be  feit  here. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  1*  lb 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  ^  lb 2fi@29 

Country  Leather,  ?J  ft 25@28 

Stockton  Leather,^*  ft 2G@29 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  firm,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot, 8  Kil.,  per  doz  ....*b0  mm 

Jodot.ll  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz 72  00(a)  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz. 60  00(a)  76  00 

Lemouie,  16  to  18  Kil.,  ^  doz  75  00@  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  Q0@  70  00 

Corncllian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00@ 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz 60  00(a)  68  00 

Qgerau  Calf,  %  doz 54  00® 

Simon.  IS  Kil.,j3doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  IS  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  ft  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf.  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  $  lb I  tO©    1  30 

California  Kip,  %  doz 60  00  to  SO  00 

French  Sh^ep,  all  colors,  $  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  $  ft   I  15@    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  $  doz 9  00@  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings, ^  doz  5  50(^  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Leirs,  ^pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  iji  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  3^  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  fy  ft.. 30®    37W 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  %  doz 48  00®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  $  lb 34(a)    37^ 

Welt  Leather,  jS  doz 30  00(3  50  Oil 

Buff  Leather,  "p  foot 18®        21 

Wax  Side  Leather.  ^  foot 20®       22 


Mining  Accidents. — A  miner  working  in  tho 
Caledonia  shaft  was  very  severely  injured,  on 
the  16th.  inst.,  while  endeavoring  to  lower  a 
cage  wheel  which  had  stuck  in  the  main  shaft. 
The  Territorial  E>iierprise  says  that  the  cage 
generally  used  was  broken,  and  an  old  one 
which  did  not  fit  was  put  in  its  place.  Thirty 
feet  from  the  bottom  it  stuck  fast  and  consid- 
erable cable  was  paid  out  on  the' roof.  The 
miner  went  down  to  loosen  it  and  instead  of 
having  the  slack  cable  raised  jumped  on  the 
cage,  which  gave  way  and  fell  with  him  to  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft.  His  right  arm  was  broken, 
he  received  a  severe  cut  on  the  head,  and  one 
eye  was  badly  injured. 

The  Pioche  Record  says  that  Jacob  Ackerly, 
employed  by  the  Meadow  Valley  Co.,  jumped 
from  a  ladder  on  to  some  picks,  which  he  had 
previously  thrown  into  the  drift,  and  ran  the 
point  of  one  into  his  foot,  inflicting  a  painful 
wound. 

Joseph  Purdy  was  caved  on  in  the  claim  of 
Holman  &  Co.,  according  to  the  "Weaverville 
Journal  of  the  18th,  but  was  dug  out  without 
serious  injury. 

In  "Wurttemberg ,  in  a  triangular  section  of 
land,  with  corners  at  Kottenburg,  Goppingen 
and  Gundelsheim,  there  are  three  million  fruit 
trees  in  1,050  square  miles  (English).  "With  a 
population  of  430  persons  to  the  mile,  there 
comes  6%  trees  per  head,  with  an  average  yield 
of  nearly  three  hundred  weight  of  fruit. 


326 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  25,  1872. 


Pacific  Coast  Products,  and  Their  Fu- 
ture Market. 

[By  Pbof.  E.  S.  Cake— Written  specially  for  the  Pa- 
cific Coaht  Mercantile  Dihectob.J 

California,  with  but  little  more  than 
500,000  inhabitants,  or  one  and  one-half 
per  cent,  of  the  National  population,  rank- 
ing in  this  respect  aa  the  twenty-fourth 
State  in  the  Union,  in  the  amount  paid  to 
the  support  of  the  government  as  income 
tea;,  ranks  as  the  fourth.  The  assessed 
value  of  property  owned  in  1870,  was: 
real  estate,  $176,527,180;  personal,  $93- 
116,908.  Total,  $269,644,088.  On  an 
actual  value  of  $394,517,784  real,  $234- 
270,233  personal,  ora  total  of  $628,788,017. 

In  estimating  the  prospective  develop- 
ment of  California  we  must  add  to  the 
factors  natural  wealth,  population  and 
property— what  carefully  gathered  facts 
show  concerning  the  variety  of  her  indus- 
tries, and  the  characteristics  of  her  peo- 
ple. 

What  is  California  Producing  P 

Answering  this  question  as  briefly  as 
possible,  and  somewhat  retrospectively, 
we  have  first,  gold,  of  which  in  the  last 
twenty-five  years  she  has  produced  more 
than  all  the  rest  of  the  world.  Though 
it  is  estimated  that  seven-eighlhs  of  the 
gold  now  in  use  in  the  country  has  come 
from  her  mines,  these  vast  tributaries  to 
the  world's  progress  are  by  no  means  ex- 
hausted. 

The  actual  decline  in  the  gold  product, 
and  the  depreciation  of  the  value  of  min- 
ing property  is  owing  to  the  discovery 
of  valuable  deposits  of  treasure  in  neigh- 
boring States,  which  have  attracted  the 
roving  mining  population,  and  to  the  di- 
version of  labor  and  capital  into  other 
channels,  rather  than  to  impoverishment. 
The  value  of  the  gold  produced  in  Cali-' 
f  ornia  in  the  year  1870,  as  reported  by  the 
leading  newspapers,  was  $23,000,000;  of: 
silver,  (exclusive  of  that  counted  as  part 
of  the  gold  yield),  $1,000,000;  of  quick- 
silver, $1,500,000;  of  coal,  $1,000,000; 
miscellaneous  minerals,  $500,000,  making 
an  aggregate  of  $27,000,000,  or  fifteen  per 
cent,  of  the  total  annual  value  of  the  Indus- 
trial products  of  the  State.  Besides  this 
we  exported  ores,  which  ought  to  have  been 
smelted  here,  to  the  value  of  $1,064,671. 
The  export  of  treasure  this  year,  for  the 
quarter  ending  April  1st,  exceeds  that  of 
last  year  by  a  million  of  dollars,  not  in- 
cluding any  of  that  which  goes  east  by 
rail  directly  from  the  mines. 


3,979,278.19 
1,628,864.48 


Total  for  1871. 
Add  duties,  net 


Net $5,608,142.67 

Total  for  1872 $4,893,084.02 

Add  duties,  net 1,137,810.01 


Net $6,031,494.03 

This  treasure  finds  its  market  as  follows: 

China $1,747,246.00 

Central  American  Ports 196,223.09 

England 878,640.31 

Japan 1,337,767.43 

New  York 1,052,816.19 

Peru 600,000.00 

Mexico 10,000.00 

East  Indies 170,000.00 

The  Japanese  Government  which  took 
only  $20,590  from  us  last  year,  is  requir- 
ing a  large  amount  for  its  mint,  and  will 
not  complete  its  re-coining  for  several 
years  to  come. 

The  destination  of  the  quicksilver  and 
copper  exported  during  the  last  quarter, 
is  taken  from  the  commercial  statistics  of 
the  port  of  San  Francisco. 
Quicksilver. 

Flasks  Value 

NewYork 602  $39,119 

Mexico 335  21,110 

Australia 200  13,006 

China 6,300  84,062 

Callao 300  19,508 


In  the  years  1868-9,  there  were  2,132,150 
acres  under  cultivation,  and  4,463,127 
acres  enclosed.  In  the  year  1870,  there 
was  more  than  1,000,000  of  acres  sown  to 
wheat;  in  1871,  1,478,891  acres,  yielding 
17,288,544  bushels. 

The  unfavorable  character  of  the  last 
two  seasons  has  temporarily  depressed  the 
wheat  growing  interest,  which  during  the 
next  few  years  must  assume  enormous 
proportions,  because  it  will  continue  to 
yield  the  largest  return  upon  the  amount 
of  investment  both  in  capital  and  un- 
skilled labor  which  it  employs.  The 
available  wheat  lands  of  California  now 
amount  to  five  and  a  half  J  millions  of 
acres,  which  will  without  doubt  be  in- 
creased by  reclamation,  railroad  facilities, 
etc.,  to  13,000,000  acres.  It  is  a  reasona- 
ble expectation  that  wheat  growing  will 
be  developed  to  one-half  its  ultimate  ca- 
pacity in  the  next  twenty  years  mostly 
by  the  plain  farming  hitherto  employed 
which  gives  an  average  return  of  17  bush- 
els to  the  acre.  Our  best  results  as  shown 
by  country  statistics  fall  twenty  per  cent, 
below  the  average  yield  in  England. 
Wheat  culture  worthy  of  the  name,  would 
double  these  figures. 

What  Does  this  Great  Staple  Cost  ? 

By  careful  estimates  made  in  the  San 
Joaquin  valley,  where  the  best  facilities 
for  culture  exist,  the  cost  of  putting  in 
and  harvesting  one  thousand  acres  may 
be  stated  thus:  Ploughing,  $395;  sowing, 
$25.60;  harrowing,$58.28;  heading,  $232. 38; 
threshing,  $220;  sacks,  $1,950;  hauling, 
$375;  machinery,  $150;  seed,  $1,000.  To- 
tal,  $4,406.26.  A  crop  of  twenty  bushels 
to  the  acre,  (which  is  a  low  estimate  for 
that  district  in  a  good  year)  would  give  a 
yield  of  20,000  bushels. 

Mr.  Moseley  of  Stockton  estimates  the 
wheat  product  of  the  San  Joaquin  valley 
counties  as  far  south  as  Tulare  for  this 
year  at  13,500,000  bushels,  at  an  average 
of  twelve  bushels  to  the  acre.  Another 
estimate  of  twenty-three  counties  with  the 
San  Joaquin  valley  with  wheat  at  $1.00 
per  bushel  and  barley  at  75  cents,  gives 
the  value  of  the  two  crops  thus,  wheat, 
$28,000,000;  barley,  $7,354,500.  Total, 
$37,054,500. 

Friedlander's  estimate  is  that  we  shall 
have  12,000,000  centals  or  20,000,000  bush- 
els of  wheat  for  export,  worth  at  $1  per 
bushel,  $20,000,000  in  cash,  enough  to  tax 
our  facilities  for  transportation  to  the  ut- 
most. 

In  the  year  1870  the  United  States  ex- 
ported to  foreign  countries,  as  shown  by 
the  Annual  Report  on  Commerce  and 
Navigation,  36,584,115  bushels  of  wheat, 
worth  $47,171,229.  Also  3,463,333  barrels 
of  wheat  flour,  worth  $21,169,593. 

The  annexed  table  will  show  where  the 
great  markets  of  the  world  for  this  staple 
are  to  be  found  and  their  relative  im- 
portance. 

Amount  of  wheat  and  wheat  flour  ex- 
ported from  the  United  States  in  1870, 
according  to  the  Annual  Report  of  Com- 
merce and  Navigation,  is  as  follows: 


$196,804 


:6,257 


Total 2,737 

Copper  Ore. 
0reat  Britain 685 

Increase  over  same  quarter  1871,  $14- 
620. 

Forty-five  per  cent,  of  the  total  annual 
value  of  California's  products  is  derived 
from  her  agriculture. 

After  a  careful  comparison  of  the  report 
of  the  Federal  Commission  of  agriculture 
1868-9,  with  that  of  the  State  Surveyor 
General,  and  with  the  receipts  of  domestic 
produce  at  San  Francisco  from  July  1st, 
1869,  to  April  3d,  1870,  compared  with 
the  same  period  of  the  previous  harvest 
year,  the  value  of  these  in  1870  was  esti- 
mated at  $89,000,000,  classed  as  follows: 
Cereals  (33,788,418  bush,  at  from  $1  to  $1  05 

per  bush.) $33,080,860 

Hay,  (388,133  tons  at  $15  per  ton) 5,821.990 

Potatoes,  peas,  beans,  and  root  crops 1,600,000 

Kitchen  vegetables,  sweet  potatoes,  and  all 

products  of  that  class 5,688,270 

Fruit  treeB  and  vines 8,250,000 

Domestic  animals  (increase  and  produce  of...  16,346,000 
Improvements  on  farms  by  agriculturallabor.  20,000,000 


Total $89,000,000 


f. WHEAT ,,;  WHEAT FLOUll 

Names  of  Countries.    No.  Bmh.  Value.  Barrels.     Value. 

To  Australia 78,898  $82,182  62,260    $308,007 

To  China.  Hongkong 

and  Singapore 61,805  56,395  169,991      782,557 

To  Japan 14,470  15,178  20.014      104,281 

To  Sandwich  Islands          987  886  8.557       42,820 

ToEneland 21,779.373  28.024,785  832,808   5,190,881 

To  Scotland 2,308,300  3,053,863  207,520   1,759,439 

Tolreland 3,699,936  5,226,061  58,623      351,668 

"What  Does  it  Cost  to  Move  this  Crop. 
From  San  Francisco  to  Liverpool,  be- 
fore the  opening  of  the  railroad,  the  cost 
was  estimated  at  40  cents,  in  gold  per 
bushel.  For  the  entire  wheat  region  of 
the  State  to  San  Francisco  it  may  be  put 
at  20  cents  a  bushel,  including  handling, 
warehousing,  and  all  other  expenses. 
From  the  field  to  the  English  dock,  one 
year  with  another,  it  costs  60  cents  per 
bushel,  and  brings  in  that  market  30  per 
cent,  higher  than  any  other  American. 
The  cost  of  transportation  from  Iowa  to 
Liverpool  is  $1.25  per  bushel.  Our  wheat 
eosts  in  the  English  market  nearly  the 
same  as  the  best  Russian,  the  only  grain 
which  equals  it  in  excellence.  The  cost 
of  sending  our  grain  to  China,  is  $3  per 
ton. 

Barley  and  Other  Products. 

California  is  the  first  barley-producing 
state  in  the  Union.  The  last  official  re- 
port showed  696,001  acres  sown,  producing 
9,570,321  bushels.  Of  other  grains  there 
were  oats,113, 269  aeres.producing  3, 714,480 
bushels;  rye  3,692  acres,  producing  20,- 
795  bushels;  corn,  57,364  acres,  produc- 
ing 1,434,317  bushels;  buckwheat,  803 
acres,  producing  13,479  bushels.  Of 
minor  farm  products,  peas,  94,106  bushels; 
castor  beans,  682,325  pounds;  potatoes, 
3,092,177  bushels;  sweet  potatoes,  173,- 
405  bushels;  peanuts,  193,304  pounds; 
beans  503,201  bushels.  Of  hay,  460,018 
acres,  producing  685,446  tons. 

Taking  the  exportation  for  the  quarter 
ending  March  31st,  1872,  as  a  basis,  Mex. 


ico  is  the  largest  foreign  consumer  of  our 
barley,  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  British 
Columbia  of  our  oats.  Both  China  and 
Japan  are  increasing  their  demand  for 
these  staples. 

Hop  Culture  has  been  very  profitable  in 
California  owing  to  failures  of  the  crop 
in  the  Eastern  States  and  Europe.  Eastern 
buyers  have  shipped  3,000  bales  overland 
during  the  past  year.  Japan  will  prove 
an  excellent  market  for  all  the  hops  which 
we  can  raise. 

Flax  Culture  has  been  steadily  increas- 
ing with  us.  From  the  demand  for  flax 
straw  for  bagging  purposes,  7,376  acres 
were  planted  last  year  producing  760,700 
pounds  of  seed,  which  finds  its  present 
market  in  mills  of  San  Francisco. 

Beet  Culture  may  hereafter  be  considered 
as  one  of  our  most  important  industries, 
as  it  will  relieve  an  immense  drain  upon 
our  resources.  The  average  annual  im- 
portation of  sugar  into  the  port  of  San 
Francisco  is  something  more  than  50,- 
000,000  pounds,  worth,  duties  paid,  about 
$5,000,000,  Should  the  success  of  the 
Alvarado  Beet  Sugar  Co.,  who  manufac- 
tured one  and  one-quarter  millions  of 
pounds  of  sugar  of  the  finest  quality  last 
year,  (worth  $150,000  in  San  Francisco) , 
inspire  our  farmers  to  co-operate  in  the 
production  of  this  important  luxury, 
we  can  easily  retain  the  value  of  300,000 
acres  of  wheat  which  goes  out  of  the 
State  to  purchase  an  article  in  no  respect 
superior  to  our  own.  For  this  product 
our  market  is  at  our  own  door. 
Dairy  Products. 
The  late  shipment  east  of  60,000  pounds 
of  choice  table  butter  is  one  of  the  most 
significant  indications  of  progress  in  Cali- 
fornia. The  produce  of  last  year  was 
estimated  at  4,419,627  pounds  of  butter, 
and  5,488,266  pounds  of  cheese.  One- 
third  of  this  is  made  in  Marin  county. 
Shasta  county,  one  of  the  best  dairy 
counties  in  the  State,  is  not  included  in 
the  above  report.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  dairy  farming  is  destined  to  become 
one  of  the  most  profitable  sources  of 
wealth  to  the  State. 

The  Product  of  Our  Vineyards. 
The  raising  of  grapes  and  manufacture 
of  wine  and  brandy  has  been  brought  to  a 
degree  of  perfection,  which  places  the 
present  and  prospective  value  of  this  in- 
dustry beyond  cavil.  Our  wines  have  re 
ceived.  the  highest  encomiuns  from  com 
petent  judges  both  in  the  Eastern  States 
and  in  Europe,  and  their  reputation  is 
now  beyond  injury  from  liquor  specu 
lators,  or  unskilled  manufacturers.  They 
have  to  compete  in  our  home  market  with 
' '  traveled  "  wines,  which  we  are  childish 
enough  to  import  at  a  cost  to  ourselves  of 
more  than  $550,000  dollars,  while  we  send 
one-half  of  our  own  product  to  the  Eastern 
States,  and  our  own  champagne  manufac- 
turers are  unable  to  supply  the  Eastern 
and  foreign  demand.  Last  year  we  pro- 
duced six  million  gallons  of  wine,  worth 
$3,600,000,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  gallons  of  brandy  worth,  du- 
ties unpaid,  $112,500.  This  year  we  shall 
produce  from  eight  to  ten  million  gallons 
of  wine,  worth  at  least,  $4,500,000,  with 
not  less  than  200,000  gallons  of  brandy 
worth  $150,000. 

Our  markets  will  be  the  following  points, 
named  in  the  order  of  their  commercial 
importance:  New  York,  (which  took  from 
one  firm  in  the  years  1871-72,  476,814 
gallons,  costing  $375,520) ,  Central  Amer- 
ica, British  Columbia,  Russian  Asia,  Mex- 
ico, Japan,  China,  Honolulu,  Liverpool, 
Tahiti,  Australia  and  New  Zealand. 
Wool. 
It  was  not  until  1854  that  the  breeding 
of  fine  wooled  sheep  commenced  in  Cali- 
fornia, ever  since  then  the  quality  of  this 
product  has  been  becoming  more  valua- 
ble, until  at  present  the  finest  pasture 
ranches  in  the  State  are  covered  with 
flocks.  In  1860  there  were  900,000  sheep 
in  the  State,  there  are  now  3,178,671.  The 
census  returns  show  that  the  largest  pro- 
portional increase  of  the  wool  product  of 
the  country  has  been  here,  the  last  clip 
amounting  to  17,565,935  pounds.  Nearly 
all  our  manufactured  wool  finds  a  market 
in  the  Eastern  States;  its  value  last  year 
amounted  to  $2,000,000. 

The  present  prospect  is  that  our  spring 
and  fall  wool  clips  will  yield  30,000,000 
pounds,  and  that  the  average  value  in 
gold  will  be  about  40  cts.  per  pound, 
(that  now  coming  in  from  the  southern 
counties  is  selling  at  41  cts.)  making  its 
aggregate  value  $12,000,000.  The  fruit 
and  grape  crops  promise  abundantly.  It 
has"  been  computed  that  the  aggregate 
agricultural  and  horticultural  products 
of  1872,  not  counting  beef,  pork,  butter 
and  cheese,  will  be  worth  not  less  than 
$53,000,000,  of  which  $35,000,000  will  be 
exported. 


According  to  the  estimates  of  1870  be- 
fore referred  to,  our  manufactures  repre- 
sent 40  per  cent,  of  our  productions.  Dur- 
ing that  year  we  exported  lumber,  shingles 
and  other  forest  products,  bricks,  brooms, 
blankets,  billiard  tables,  glue,  cigars,  ma- 
chinery and-  iron  work,  barrels  of  flour, 
bread  and  crackers,  with  small  quantities 
of  miscellaneous  articles  to  the  value  of 
$2,202,205,  also  fish,  to  the  value  of  nearly 
or  quite  $100,000.  The  product  of  the 
soap  root,  used  as  a  substitute  for  horse 
hair  was  valued  at  $100,000. 

I  .have  already  exceeded  the  limits  pro- 
posed to  myself  in  this  article.  Of  the 
United  States  imports  for  1871  from  for- 
eign countries,  $13,099,687,  went  to  pay 
for  productions  which  California  can  grow 
and  manufacture  with  unequalled  facility. 
The  sugar,  butter,  wine,  raisins,  starch, 
olive  oil,  tobacco,  soap,  imported  to  this 
State  should  have  been  produced  at  home. 
We  are  consuming  300,000,000  pounds  of 
rice,  with  excellent  rice  lands  undevel- 
oped. Our  ores  should  be  reduced,  our 
wool  and  leather  should  be  manufactured 
here.  The  machinery  for  our  mines,  rail- 
roads, steamships,  and  the  ships  themselves 
should  be  made  here.  All  these  things 
are  needed  to  make  us  the  commercial 
centre  of  the  Pacific  countries. 


Iron  and  Steel. 

The  immense  advance  in  the  price  of  all 
lands  of  iron  within  a  comparatively  short 
space  of  time,  has  taken  part  of  the  commercial 
world  by  surprise;  but  it  could  not  have  been 
entirely  unexpected  »by  any  one  who  had 
watched  the  current  of  events.  For  the  past 
ten  years,  the  influence  predominant  in  the 
commercial  world  and  in  the  social  state  of 
Europe,  have  been  tending  slowly  but  surely  in 
this  direction.  The  immense  development  of 
the  manufactures  of  which  the  raw  material  is 
iron,  the  extension  of  its  consumption  over  vast 
regions  where  it  was  but  hitherto  little  used,  the 
rise  in  wages  and  in  general  prices,  and  the  re- 
sult of  the  competition  amongst  the  producers 
of  pig  iron,  have  all  concurred  in  bringing  about 
the  present  high  prices.  The  construction  of 
the  Crystal  Palace  in  London  in  1851,  having 
all  the  frame-work  of  iron,  suggested  a  new  use 
for  that  metal.  Since  then  it  has  been  used 
extensively  as  a  material  for  house-building,  for 
supporting  pillars,  stairways,  etc.,  for  side- 
walks and  bridges.  And  since  then,  the  rail- 
road system  of  the  world,  which  absorbs  such 
an  immense  quantity  of  iron,  may  be  said  to 
have  been  laid  down.  And  new  uses  are  being 
found  for  it  every  day;  the  steamships  of  the 
world  are  now  being  built  of  it.  Then,  during 
the  last  thirty  years,  the  consumption  in  the 
United  States  has  increased  in  a  tenfold  degree; 
where  a'thousand  tons  was  used,  six  thousand 
is  now  used,  and  in  this  city,  one  house  imports 
as  much  as  the  whole  eight  did,  ten  years  ago. 
Then  the  iron  trade  of  England  with  Australia. 
Southern  Africa  and  India  has  grown  up 
since.  Thousands  of  miles  of  railroad  are  con- 
stantly in  course  of  construction  in  the  latter 
country,  as  the  cost  of  labor  is  next  to  nothing, 
and  hundreds  of  ships  leave  England  for  it, 
freighted  with  iron,  every  year.  Egypt  has 
lately  absorbed  large  quantities;  Persia  is  be- 
ginning to  absorb  foreign  iron,  and  the  quanti- 
ty taken  by  Bussia  from  England  for  the  great 
railway  system,  is  simply  enormous.  "Wages 
and  the  prices  of  necessaries  of  life  have  arisen 
greatly  during  the  decade,  and  the  competition 
both'between  producers  and  sellers  of  iron  has 
been  excessive.  Hence,  during  1871,  the  work- 
men in  Europe  came  to  the  conclusion  of  ceas- 
ing to  work  at  the  rates  at  which  they  had  been 
previously  employed,  and  notified  their  masters 
to  that  effect.  The  latter  promised  them  an 
advance  after  the  new  year,  and  that  promise 
has  been  kept.  The  stocks  have  been  low,  as 
the  manufacturers  did  not  feel  justified  in  keep- 
ing them  up,  on  account  of  the  unsatisfactory 
state  of  the  market,  at  least  this  is  what  is  al- 
leged; certain  it  is  that  stocks  are  low,  that  they 
have  been  purposely  kept  so,  and  that  orders 
are  now  high  and  cannot  be  satisfied. 

The  Laegest  Stove  Forramvv. — The  stove 
f oundry  of  Jewett  &  Root,  Buffalo,  is  said  to  be 
the  largest  in  the  world.  The  great  stove  ware- 
house is  100  by  150  feet,  and  has  seven  floors, 
all,  except  the  ground  floor  and  sample  floor, 
being  piled  with  ever  description  of  stove. 
(They  have  250  distinct  sets  of  patterns.)  The 
foundry  gives  employment  to  450  men,  con- 
sumes from  40  to  55  tons  of  pig  iron  every  day, 
and  turnes  out  about  60,000  stoves  a  year. 

G-AS. — In  1860,  there  were  810  gas  companies 
in  England  and  "Wales,  141  in  Scotland  and  64 
in  Ireland.  The  average  price  charged  was 
$1.80  per  1,000  en.  ft.  In  1863,  there  were  433 
gas  companies  in  the  United  States,  the  price 
charged  per  1,000  cu.  ft.,  varying  from  $1.50  in 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  to  $12.50  at  Marysville,  Oal. 

Still  Br/aNiNG. — It  is  said  several  large  coal- 
piles  in  Chicago  have  never  been  extinguished 
since  the  great  fire.    - 


May  25,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


327 


UsEfdL   I^o^ihtion. 


Ventilation    A    Field   for    Invention. 

We  Lav.'  mftd  Uttlfl  progress  in  this  country 
in  the  art  of  ventilating  dwellings  and  public 
If  a  contract  is  given  out  for  the  con- 
st ration  of  a  costly  houge,  it  is  as  ten  to  one 
that  the  builder  will  make  no  provision  what- 
ever fur  ventilation,  and  if  ho  follows  his  own 
notions  he  will  nut  even  secure  tho  advantages 
of  a  good  light.  Now  and  ttUm  an  architect  of 
advanced  idoas  insists  on  ventilation  and  tolera- 
ble uroiistic  advantages  for  public  ©dim  I 
is  estimated  and  we  behove  truthfully,  that  36 
pet  oent,  ol  the  diseasea  "f  oitiaa  aw  caused  by 
1  trappingof  waste  pipes  in  housea,  and 
at  bad  or  altogether  neglected  ventilation  in 
bed-rooms  and  sitting-rooms.  Proadmifrjr  of 
parlors  and  dining-rooms  to  tho  cold  and  dump 
ground  underneath  ifl  also  a  prolific  cause  of 
household  disease  among  women  and  children. 
The  perfect  dweling  is  an  invention  rather  of 
the  future  than  of  the  prosent.  It  will  have 
perfect  ventilation  forerery  room,  cross  lights 
will  be  avoided,  the  wanning  apparatus  win  be 
something  else  than  close  stoves,  and  tho  kitch- 
en will  bo  BO  isolated  or  otherwise  arranged 
that  tho  odors  of  that  department  will  not  pro- 
vade  the  whole  house. 

Sanitary  considerations  will  have  the  first 
place,  from  tho  choosing  of  a  site  to  the  driving 
Of  the  last  nail.  A  house  without  propor  drainage 
will  be  avoided  as  little  more  desirable  than  a 
pest  house. 

It  is  an  open  quostion  whothcr  tho  model 
house  of  the  future  will  be  furnished  with  gas- 
lights or  carpets.  If  gas  is  tolerated,  it  will  be 
of  some  standard  quality,  and  there  will  be 
BUCb  perfect  combustion  that  books  and  pio- 
turea  will  not  be  ruined.  Carpets  will  either 
go  by  the  board  or  the  score  of  hoalth,  or  will 
appear  in  the  modified  form  of  mats  which  are 
removed  01  changed  every  day.  It  may  be  a 
long  way  to  tho  attainment  of  all  these  improve- 
ments. '  It  ought  not  be  a  long  way  to  a  perfect 
system  of  house  ventilation. — Bulletin. — 


Light,    Heat,    and    Electricity- 
Motion. 


from 


QoOD    hJE^LjIi. 


How  to  Make  a   Cheap  Cellar  Bottom. 

In  sections  of  the  country  whore  there  is  an 
abundance  of  cobble-stones,  collect  a  few  loads 
of  them  about  four  or  five  inches  in  diameter, 
grade  the  bottom  of  the  cellar,  lay  the  cobbles 
in  rows,  and  ram  them  down  one-third  their 
thi:kness  into  the  ground,  so  that  they  will  not 
rock  nor  be  sunk  below  the  line  of  the  rows  by 
any  hoavy  superincumbent  pressure.  Tho  bot- 
tom of  the  cellar  should  be  graded  so  that  the 
outside  will  bo  at  least  two  inches  lower  than 
the  middle.  A  mistake  sometimes  occurs  by 
grading  the  cellar  bottom  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  center  will  be  two  or  three  inches  lower 
than  the  outside.  When  this  is  the  case,  should 
water  enter  from  the  outside,  it  will  flow  di- 
rectly towards  the  middle.  A  straight  edged 
board  should  be  placed  frequently  on  each  row 
of  stones  as  they  are  being  rammed,  so  that  the 
upper  sides  may  be  in  a  line  "with  each  other. 
After  the  stones  are  laid  and  well  rammed  down 
place  a  few  boards  on  the  pavement  to  walk  on; 
then  making  a  grouting  of  clean  sand  and  water 
limo,  or  Rosendale  cement,  and  pour  it  on  the 
stones  until  all  tho  interstices  are  filled.  As 
soon  as  the  grouting  has  set,  spread  a  layer  of 
good  cement  mortar  one  inch  thick  over  the 
top  of  the  pavement,  and  trowel  the  surface 
off  smoothly.  In  order  to  spread  the  mortar 
true  and  even  on  the  surface,  lay  an  inch  board 
one  foot  from  the  wall  on  the  surface  of  the 
pavement,  stand  on  the  board,  and  fill  the 
space  with  mortar  even  with  the  top  of  the 
board;  after  which,  move  the  board  one  foot, 
fill  the  space  with  mortar,  and  trowel  it  off 
smoothly.  Such  a  floor  will  cost  less  than  a 
board  floor,  and  will  endure  as  long  as  the  su- 
perstructure is  kept  in  repair. 

A  floor  made  in  tho  foregoing  manner  on  the 
ground  in  the  basement  of  a  barn,  a  piggery, 
or  a  stable,  would  be  rat  proof,  and  would  be 
found  cheaper  and  more  serviceable  than  a 
plank  floor. 

A  Mammoth  Aquahium. — Dr.  Anton  Dorhn, 
in  a  letter  to  Professor  Agassiz,  writes  that  he 
has  matured  a  plan  of  establishing  a  large 
laboratory  for  marine  zoology  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean. He  has  obtained  permission  of  the 
authorities  of  the  city  of  Naples  to  construct  a 
large  building,  at  his  own  expense,  in  the  Villa 
Reale,  at  Naples,  close  to  the  sea  containing  a 
large  aquarium  of  the  public,  and  extensive 
rooms  for  naturalists  of  every  country.  Dr. 
Dohrn,  with  two  or  three  other  German  zoolo- 
gists, will  settle  there,  and  conduct  the  admin- 
istration of  both  the  aquarium  and  the  labora 
tories.  He  wishes  information  regarding  this 
proposed  laboratory  to  be  widely  extended,  and 
earnestly  invites  all  who  may  visit  Naples  to 
visit  the  aquarium.  An  annual  report  of  the 
work  done  and  the  progress  made  at  the  zoolog- 
ical station  will  be  published.  A  committee 
has  already  been  formed  to  give  further  dignity 
and  importance  to  this  project,  consisting  of 
Messrs.  Helmholtz,  Dubois-Reymond,  Huxley, 
Darwin,  Van  Beneden,  etc ,  and,  in  America, 
Professor  Agassiz. — Once  a  Week. 


The  oalebratod  Jacob  Perkins  when  in  Lon- 
don, in  1837,  exhibited  at  tho  Adelaide  Gallery 
tho  phenomena  produced  by  the  contact  of 
soft  iron  with  stool  in  motion,  which  he  de- 
BOO  ibed  at  the  time  as  follows: 

"Tho  action  of  a  soft  fron  disk  upon  hard 
Bteet,  Boonasafile,  is  exhibited  four  times  a 
day.  This  has  been  regularly  kept  up  for  throo 
years,  yet  it  has  undergono  very  uttle  wear. 
I  am  of  opinion,  in  fact,  that  if  the  file  had 
never  been  held  upon  it  until  it  had  attained 
its  full  velocity,  there  would  not  have  been  any 
loss  of  metal.  I  do  not  know  to  what  extent 
the  combustion  «if  steel  by  soft  iron  may  have 
boon  carried  in  the  United  States,  but  our  ex- 
periments are  BO  brilliant  us  to  excite  thi  hi]  b 
est  admiration,  and  to  induce  numbers  to  re- 
peat their  visits  U>  the  Gallery.  Our  disk  is  a 
loot  in  diameter  and  an  eighth  of  an  iuoh  thick, 
It  requires  about  a  three-horse  power  to  drive 
it,  and  revolves  about  o,hiiu  limes  in  a  minute. 
It  is  very  accurately  fittod  up  with  friction 
wheels.  Tho  blaze  of  light,  which  rises  about 
twelve  inches,  perpendicularly,  from  tho  point 
of  contact,  is  so  vivid  that  few  persons  can 
look  steadily  at  it  even  at  noon  day.  The 
stnam  of  light  is  about  an  inch  and  a  half 
thick  at  tho  distanco  of  a  few  inches  from  the 
point  of  contact;  and  at  the  distance  of  soven 
or  eight  foot,  it  spreads  out  to  about  ten  incheB. 
Tho  sparks  not  unfroquently  touch  the  ceiling, 
which  is  about  twenty  feet  high;  a  ring  of  fire 
is  seen  all  around  tho  disk,  appearing  like  a 
band  of  light  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch  wide. 
Of  what  does  this  light  consist?  It  is  mani- 
festly different  from  that  of  the  sparks,  which 
all  fly  off  in  a  tangent.  In  operating  with  the 
disk,  it  never  becomes  warm;  the  file,  however, 
has  to  be  held  at  least  two  inches  from  tho 
sharp  cud,  as  it  becomes  highly  heated.  The 
whole  appearance,  in  fact,  is  very  interesting,  and 
when  fully  investigated,  I  am  well  convinced 
that  some  of  the  phenomena  will  bo  found  to 
depend  upon  electricity." 

Origin  of  Lager  Beer. — The  German  words 
lager  beer  signify  stock  beer — i.  e.,  beer  that 
has  been  stowed  away.  The  story,  as  told  in 
Germany  is  an  old  one,  and  runs  thus :  Many 
years  ago,  a  shoemaker  near  Bamburg,  sent 
his  apprentice  to  get  a  bottle  of  Bamburg  beer, 
which  was  sold  at  that  place  ;  but  the  boy  not 
knowing  this,  went  to  tho  city  itself.  On  re- 
turning he  met  an  acquaintance  of  his  who 
told  him  that  when  he  would  come  home  his  boss 
would  whip  him  for  staying  so  long.  The  poor 
boy  who  was  frightened  at  this,  thought  it  bet- 
ter no  to  go  home  at  all,  but  took  his  bottle, 
buried  it  under  a  tree,  and  ran  away.  He  went 
among  the  soldiers,  where  he  distinguished 
himself  so  that  in  a  short  time  he  became  an 
officer.  When  one  day  his  regiment  was  quar- 
tered in  this  little  town,  the  officer  thought  it 
proper  to  pay  a  visit  to  his  old  boss,  but  not 
before  he  had  got  the  bottle  of  beer  which  he 
had  buried  some  years  before  under  the  tree. 
When  he  entered  he  said,  "Well,  sir,  here  I 
bring  you  your  bottle  of  Bamburg  beer  that 
you  sent  me  for."  The  shoemaker  not  know- 
ing what  this  meant,  was  told  by  the  officer  all 
about  it.  The  bottle  was  opened,  and  the  beer 
was  found  to  be  of  superior  quality.  When 
this  fact  was  made  known,  some  of  the  brewers 
built  deep  vaults,  where  they  put  their  beer, 
and  called  it  after  it  had  lain  some  time, 
lager,  which  did  not  mean  anything  more 
than  lying.  The  officer  afterward  married 
the  daughter  of  the  shoemaker,  and  drank  a 
good  deal  of  lager  beer,  receiving  in  his  occu- 
pation the  assistance  of  his  father-in-law. 

An  Ancient  of  the  Earth. — An  almost  en- 
tire human  skeleton,  fossilized,  has  been  found 
in  Hungary,  together  with  a  stone  hammer,  in 
a  geological  formation,  indicating  that  the  liv- 
ing man  existed  long  before  the  mammoth  age. 
The  contemporaneity  of  man  with  the  mastodon 
had  before  been  pretty  well  established  by  dis- 
coveries in  the  lacustrine  deposits  and  bone 
caves  of  Europe,  including  a  tolerably  well 
carved  image  of  the  mammoth  on  a  piece  of 
bone.  All  recent  researches  establish  for  man 
an  antiquity  so  remote  that  the  period  in  years 
cannot  be  calculated.  The  evidences  on  this 
score  that  have  been  accumulated  in  California 
are  particularly  numerous  and  convincing,  and 
will  astonish  the  world  when  collectively  pre- 
sented. 


The  Cause  of  Hunger. 

When  the  system  begins  to  need  nutriment, 
it  sends  a  fluid  from  every  portion  of  the  body 
toward  th<-  stomach,  where  it  accumulates  in 
little  reservoirs,  the  distension  of  which  .oaufiee 
the  sensation  of  hunger;  the  fuller  they  be- 
come, tho  more  hungry  are  we.  This  fluid  not 
only  gives  notice  that  food  is  needed,  but  it  has 
tho  power  of  dissolving  it,  us  water  dissolves 
sugar,  and  thus  prepares  it  for  yielding  its  nu- 
triment to  tho  system.  If,  therefore,  a  person 
eats  without  an  appetite;  without  being  hungry, 
there  being  none  of  that  dissolving  fluid  in 
the  stomach,  tho  food  is  not  dissolved,  does  not 
undergo  any  healthy  change;  on  tho  contrary, 
being  kept  up  to  the  stomach  heat  of  about  a 
hundred  degrees,  it  soon  begins  to  ferment,  to 
decay,  to  rot;  if  meat,  it  literally  becomes 
carion;  if  vegetable,  it  sours;  in  either  case, 
generating  gas  and  wind,  causing  unseemly 
belchings  and  noisome  eructations,  or  these 
gases,  being  confined,  distend  the  stomach, 
causing  pressure  against  the  nerves,  origina- 
ting various  pains  and  discomforts  moro  or  less 
distressing,  to  last  sometimes  for  hours  or  half 
a  night,  preventing  refreshing  sleep,  to  be  fol- 
lowed by  a  day  of  general  discomfort  and  un- 
fitness for  business.  Sometimes  tho  stomach 
becomes  so  distended  with  wind  that  it  crowds 
up  against  tho  lungs,  preventing  them  from 
receiving  their  proper  amount  of  air,  and  there 
follows  a  distressing  feeling  of  impending  suffo- 
cation. These  same  effects  follow  when  too 
much  food  is  eaten,  more  than  there  is  fluid  in 
the  stomach  to  dissolve. — Dr.  Hall. 


Education  and  Health.— It  in  impossible 
that  the  mass  of  men  can  be  healthy,  and  so 
moral  and  successful,  without  6ome  knowledge 
of  their  structure,  and  of  its  laws,  which  they 
must  obey  or  suffer.  How  can  a  young 
woman  be  called  educated  who  is  ignorant  of 
physiology,  of  her  duties  as  a  mother,  of  the 
divine  art  of  nursing?  How  many  men  know 
anything  of  the  relations  of  waste  and  supply 
in  tho  nervous  economy?  Why,  not  one  man 
in  a  hundred  knows  even  what  the  stomach  is 
made  for,  and  the  other  ninety-nine  are  con- 
stantly transgressing  rules  they  have  never 
learned.  We  may  take  the  old  parable  of  the 
apple  in  the  garden  as  an  illustration  of  the 
way  men's  stomachs  make  havoc  with  their 
moral  sense.  Not  one  man  in  a  hundred  knows 
or  suspects  that  God  made  the  air  to  be  breathed. 
Every  part  of  his  house  may  be  reeking  with 
miasma,  the  ceUar  full  of  all  evil,  the  partitions 
clotted  with  dormant  mischief,  and  he  never 
dreams  of  it,  but  goes  on  nailing  down  his  win- 
dows and  listing  his  doors.  If  we  could  only 
see  the  air  we  have  once  breathed  over!  Even 
the  architects  of  our  public  halls  and  theatres 
and  churches  have  the  crudest  notions  of  ven- 
tilation.— Henry  Ward  Beecher. 

Sleeplessness  and  the  Remedy. — The  best 
anodyne  is  a  liberal  amount  of  muscular  activity 
out  of  doors  every  day.  Persons  who  sit  around 
the  fire  and  lounge  on  the  sofa,  or  read  or  sew 
a  great  part  of  the  day,  need  not  expect  sound 
sleep;  only  the  laboring  man  can  taste  it  in  all 
its  sweetness.  Many  fail  to  sleep  at  night  be- 
cause they  will  persist  in  sleeping  in  the  day 
time.  It  is  just  as  impossible  to  healthfully 
force  more  sleep  on  the  system  than  the  pro- 
portion of  exercise  requires,  as  to  force  the 
stomach  to  digest  more  food  than  the  body  re- 
quires. Bather  than  court  sleep  by  industrious 
activities,  many  persons  resort  to  medicine, 
and  every  new  drug  which  is  heralded  as  a  pro- 
mot^  of  sleep  becomes  at  once  immensely 
popular,  even  though  it  is  known  to  possess 
dangerous  qualities.  Chloral  hydrate  has  had 
a  great  run,  and  even  young  men  are  known  to 
be  purchasing  it  at  the  drug  stores,  to  be  used 
in  promoting  sleep;  it  should  never  be  taken 
unless  advised  by  the  family  physician,  for  the 
medical  journals  are  constantly  publishing 
cases  where  serious  harm  and  even  fatal  results 
attend  its  habitual  use. — Journal  of  Health. 


How  to  Cure  Stammerimg. 

Lute  A.  Taylor,  of  the  La  Crosse  (Wis.) 
Leader,  who  has  In.  rn  ;m  inveterate  stammerer, 
writes  as  follows  about  the  way  to  cure  the 
habit :  "No  stammering  person  ever  found  any 
difficulty  in  singing.  Tho  reason  of  this  is 
that  by  observing  tho  measure  of  the  music — 
by  keopiug  time — the  organs  of  speech  are  kept 
in  such  position  that  enunciation  is  easy.  Apply 
tho  same  rule  to  reading  or  speech,  and  tho 
samo  result  will  follow.  Let  the  stammerer 
take  a  BOntenoOj  say  this  one — 'Leander  swam 
the  Hellespont' — and  pronounce  it  by  syllables, 
keeping  time  with  his  finger,  letting  each  sylla- 
ble occupy  the  same  time,  thus:  Le — an — der — 
swam — the — llel — les — pout,  and  he  will  not 
stammer.  Let  him  pronounce  slowly  at  first, 
then  faster,  but  still  keeping  time,  keeping 
time  with  words  instead  of  syllables,  and  he 
will  be  surprised  to  find  that,  by  very  little 
practice,  he  will  read  without  stammering,  and 
nearly  as  rapidly  as  persons  ordinarily  talk  or 
read.  Then  practice  this  in  reading  and  con- 
versation until  the  habit  is  broken  up.  1'<tm- 
verance  and  attention  is  all  that  is  necessary  to 
perform  a  perfect  euro." 

Waum  Batu  in  Insanity,   and  in  Bukns. — 

Dr.  Wilkin6,  in  his  Report  to  tho  California 
Legislature,  on  Insanity,  refers  to  the  warm 
bath  as  a  favorite  treatment  in  Italy  and  in 
some  parts  of  Holland  and  Franco.  Ho  often 
saw  a  dozen  patients  in  one  bath-room  with 
their  heads  alone  in  sight,  the  bathing  tub  be- 
ing covered  except  a  hole  for  the  head.  There 
they  usually  remain  from  one  to  three  hours, 
in  some  instances  six  to  eight  hours,  and  occa- 
sionally for  days  at  a  time.  Dr.  Guddcn,  of 
Zurich,  kept  a  man  thus  immersed  for  five 
days,  on  account  of  a  high  state  of  excitement 
connected  with  bed-sores.  The  patient  is  rep- 
resented to  have  slept  weU  a  portion  of  the 
time,  and  to  have  been  cured  of  the  sores.  No 
exhaustion  or  ill  consequences  followed.  A 
case  is  related  of  a  man  scalded  by  steam,  and 
not  insane,  who  was  placed  by  Hebra  in  a  tepid 
bath  and  kept  there  for  three  weeks,  until  a 
new  cuticle  had  formed  over  the  entire  surface. 
This  patient  recovered  without  inconvenience. 
The  water  was  kept  at  the  temperature  most 
agreeable  to  the  patient.  Thus  employed  it  is 
said  to  relieve  effectually  the  extreme  pain  from 
the  burns. 


A  Flying  Dragon. — Among  the  remains  dis- 
covered last  year  in  Kansas  by  Professor  Marsh 
and  party  were  bones  of  the  flying  dragon. 
Professor  Marsh  judges  that  the  dragons,  to 
whom  these  fragments  of  bone  belonged,  must 
have  measured,  from  tip  to  tip  of  their  extended 
wings,  some  twent  feet. 


Plumageiiy. — The  most  skillful  use  of  plurn- 
agery  there  is  any  record  of,  seems  to  have  been 
practiced  in  Canton,  China,  long  before  that 
country  was  well  known  to  outside  barbarians. 
Bird's  feathers  were  woven  into  cloth  which 
was  called,  in  the  native  vernacular,  goose-vel- 
vet. Tho  foundation  of  the  fabric  was  silk,  into 
which  the  feathers  were  skillfully  and  ingen- 
iously woven,  on  a  common  loom,  and  it  seems 
to  have  made  the  most  elegant  appearing  cloth 
for  a  garment  ever  produced.  We  saw  a  sam- 
ple of  it  some  years  ago,  in  the  hands  of  a  mis- 
sionary, who  was  informed  that  its  manufacture 
had  been  discontinued  many  years  before. 


Household  Utensils  of  Papee. — In  Pearl 
street,  New  York,  there  is  a  mill  which  makes 
from  paper  such  articles  as  milk-pans,  cups, 
bread-pans,  wash-bowls,  etc.,  which  are  said  to 
be  superior  to  wood  or  metal.  The  paper  after 
being  pulped,  is  pressed  into  shape,  dried, 
enameled,  and  subjected  to  a  heat  that  would 
destroy  some  utensils  of  the  kind.  The  ma- 
terial is  light  and  easily  handled,  and  does  not 
rust,  shrink,  leak  or  easily  break. 


Daek  Booms  —  Sunshine. — Windows  were 
originally  intended  to  let  in  light  and  air. 
Modern  housekeepers,  however,  from  the  man- 
sions of  the  wealthy  to  the  cabins  of  the  very 
poor,  vie  with  each  other  in  shutting  out  the 
blessed  sunshine  and  pure  air.  Windows  are 
studiously  curtained,  double,  dark,  and  very 
generally  closed.  Let  the  shades  run  up  easily 
on  rollers  attached  to  the  sash,  and  the  sash 
always  dropped  an  inch  or  two. 

Sunlight  is  an  element  of  life.  It  decompo- 
ses and  scatters,  in  connection  with  pure  air, 
these  death  seeds.  When  fevers  are  epidemic, 
in  large  cities,  or  in  wards  of  hospitals,  the 
sunless  rooms  and  sides  of  streets  report  a 
much  larger  number  of  deaths  than  ever  found 
where  sunshine  can  enter,  even  for  one  hour  a 
day.  Is  it  from  indolence  or  ignorance,  or 
sheer  thoughtlessness,  that  the  people  seem  to 
study  how  to  shut  out  the  sunshine  ?  Blinds 
and  vines,  curtains  and  draperies,  are  used  to 
bar  the  entrance  of  the  life-preserving  sunshine. 
Death  lurks  in  darkness.  Even  the  potato  vine 
cannot  thrive  in  a  sunless  cellar. — Journal  of 
Health. 


Heat  of  the  Body, — Warm  weather  is  com- 
ing; we  need  less  internal  heat;  and  as  this 
internal  heat  comes  from  the  food  we  eat,  we  do 
not  need  as  much  food:  hence,  like  a  watchful 
mother,  Nature  takes  away  our  appetite,  so  that 
we  may  not  eat  so  much  as  before,  to  burn  us 
with  fever. — Dr.  Hall. 


Decay  oe  the  Teeth. — The  acids  which 
cause  the  decay  of  the  teeth  are  conveyed  in 
tho  secretions  of  the  gums  and  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  lips  and  cheeks ;  and  the  usual 
points  of  attack  are  in  the  interstices  and  the 
groove  in  tho  facial  walls  of  the  teeth.  The  cal- 
cularly  nature  of  the  saliva  is  antagonistic  to  tho 
acids  and  preserves  the  teeth  from  their  dilap- 
idating influence.  Teeth  are  protected  from 
this  disease  by  the  following  conditions:  Their 
irregular  shape  and  order  that  the  situations 
for  the  deposit  of  acid  bo  as  few  as  possible; 
the  conservation  of  the  teeth  from  noxious  in- 
fluences by  constant  brushing;  the  healthy 
structure  of  the  tooth  itself  and  of  the  mouth 
generally.  Heider  observed  that  the  yellowish 
white  teeth  are  less  subject  to  the  attacks  of 
caries  than  those  of  a  bluish  shade,  the  enamel 
of  the  former  being  much  harder;  and  the  mo- 
lars have  been  found  to  contain  more  mineral 
substance  than  the  incisors. 


Sunshine  and  Sleep. — Sleepless  people — and 
there  are  many  in  America — should  court  the 
sun.  The  very  worst  soporific  is  laudanum,  and 
the  very  best,  sunshine.  Therefore,  it  is  very 
plain  that  poor  sleepers  should  pass  as  many 
hours  as  possible  in  sunshine,  and  as  few  as 
possible  in  the  shade.  Many  women  are  mar- 
tyrs, and  yet  thoy  do  not  know  it.  They  shut 
the  sunshine  out  of  their  houses  and  their 
hearts,  they  wear  vails,  they  carry  parasols, 
they  do  all  possible  to  keep  off  the  subtlest  and 
yet  most  potent  influence  which  is  intended  to 
give  them  strength  and  beauty  and  cheerful- 
ness. Is  it  not  time  to  change  all  this,  and  so 
get  color  and  roses  in  your  pale  cheeks,  strength 
in  our  weak  backs,  and  courage  in  our  timid 
souls?  The  women  of  America  are  pale  and 
delicate;  thoy  may  be  blooming  and  strong,  and 
tho  sunlight  will  be  a  potent  aid  in  this  trans- 
formation. 


Embalming. — The  art  of  petrifying  the  hu- 
man body  is  said  to  have  reached  a  high  state 
of  perfection  at  the  hands  of  the  Italian  pro- 
fessors. They  can  render  the  body  like  stone, 
or  by  immersion  in  certain  liquids  it  seems  only 
to  be  asleep.  Gozini,  of  Genoa,  has  a  curious 
museum  of  humanity  petrified,  well  worth  see- 
ing. The  ancients  mummified, but  that  changed 
the  appearance,  while  this  process  leaves  the 
subject  life-like  in  appearance.  The  body  of 
Mazzini  is  to  be  so  preserved. — Ex. 

The  art  of  embalming  has  probably  been 
brought  to  as  high  a  state  of  perfection  in  this 
city  as  ever  at  any  time  atany  part  of  the  world. 
The  process  here  employed  leaves  the  body  in 
a  perfectly  natural  state — the  color  upon  the 
cheeks  and  lips,  and  and  oven  the  delicate  pink 
upon  the  finger  nails  is  brought  back,  after 
death,  almost,  or  quite  as  natural  as  in  life. 

Eating. — It  is  a  great  mistake  to  suppose 
that  the  more  one  eats  the  stronger  he  becomes. 
Gourmands  are  not  giants.  We  gain  in  strength 
in  proportion  as  the  food  eaten  is  digested,  as- 
similated and  converted  into  new  and  perfect 
material.  Intemperance  in  eating  is  only  more 
common  than  intemperance  in  drinking;  but, 
according  to  the  Latin  proverb — "Plares  cropu^ 
lar,  quamgktdious — "Gluttony  kills  more  than 
the  sword." 


328 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[May  25,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Seniob  Editob. 


DEWEY  «&;  CO.,  ZPutolisliers. 


A.  T.  DKWEY, 
W.  B.  EWER, 


GEO.  U.  BTEONG, 
JNO.  Xj.  BnOTJE. 


Office,  No.  338  Monteomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising  Rates,  —lvieek.   Imonth.   3  months,   lyear. 

Perline     25  .80  $2.00         $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3.00  7.50         20.00 

One  inch 2.00  5.00  14.00  38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
In  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance — For  one  year,  $4: 
six  months,  $2.50;  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  teB 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1^  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3s. ;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion, Is. ;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 


Illustrations  and  Repobts  of  Mining  Enterprises 
Wanted. — Drawings  or  photographs  of  mining  works  that 
are  of  general  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  journal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  and 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  or  special  interest, 
are  also  desired.  Sketches  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  very  acceptable. 


Sa,n  Franoisoo: 
Saturday  Morning,  May  25,  1872. 


Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 
San    Francisco,    Wednesday,   May  22, 1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying,  89;   Belling,  90.     Gold  in  New  Yort 
*o-day,  114. 


Table  of  Contents. 

ILLUSTRATIONS— Whelpley  &  Storer's  Pulverizing 
Mill, 321.    Brown's  Paten  Fire  Hydrant,  329. 

EDITORIALS— The  San  Francisco  Microscopic  Society. 
321.  Iron  and  Steel,  326.  Mining  as  an  Invest 
ment ;  Congressional  Affairs  ;  Utah  News,  328.  Th* 
Frenr  Artifi  -is!  Stone.  329. 

CORRESPONDENCE— Ophir  District,  Utah;  Gold  vs. 
Silver  Mining;  Mines  at  AldT  Gulch,  Montana;  From 
Our  Correspondent    L.  P.  Mc,  323. 

MINING  SUMMARY— Reports  from  mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 
324-5. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— Relations  of  Calorific  Pow 
er  of  Combustibles  to  Composition;  Carbonized  Sew- 
age; Transmitted  Radiant  Heat:  Preservation  of  Wood: 
Peruvian  Antiquities,  etc..  323. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Economy  of  the  Hoi 
Blast;  Puddling  Steel  R  lils;  Railroad  Improvement. 
Burnt  Iron  and  Steel;  The  Turbine  Propeller;  Press- 
ure in  Steam  Boilers.  323. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION— Ventilation— A  Field  for 
Invention;  Pow  to  Make  a  Cheap  Cellar  Bottom;  Ar 
Ancient  "f  the  Earth:  Light,  Heat  and  Electrlcitv 
from  Motion:  Origin  of  Lager  Beer:Plumagery.  307 

GOOD  HEALTH. — The  Cause  of  Hunger;  Educatior 
and  Heallh;  Sleeplessness  and  the  Remedy;  Darl- 
Room6— Sunshine;  How  to  Cure  Stammering;  Warm 
Bath  in  Insanity  and  in  Burns;  Decay  of  the  Teeth: 
Sunshine  and  Sleep;  Embulming,  327. 

DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.— Mushroom  Catsup:  Rules  for 
Washing  Di"hes;  Helpful  Hints  for  the  Household : 
Wood  Fires:Porcelaiu  Wash  Tubs;  Something  New  in 
the  Kitchen.  331. 

MISCELLANEOUS— Pacific  Coast  Products  and  Their 
Future  Market,  326.  New  Incorporations;  Meetings 
and  Elections;  Mining  Accidents;  Patents  and  Inven- 
tionsr332. 


British  Columbia  Items.— On  Williams 
Creek  the  Cariboo  Company  are  at  work, 
and  the  Ballarat  and  Forest  Bose  compa- 
nies are  idle,  but  will  resume  work  shortly 
On  Harvey  Creek  all  the  companies  are 
preparing  for  summer  work.  News  from 
the  new  Omineea  is  meagre,  but  it  is  ex- 
pected that  the  camp  will  be  very  lively 
this  summer  and  $7  per  day  is  expected  to 
be  paid  for  labor.  Some  of  the  claims  are 
making  expenses,  but  with  the  exception 
of  a  strike  made  a  few  miles  above  Ger- 
mansen,  which  paid  two  ounces  to  the 
hand,  and  only  two  feet  to  bed  rock,  noth- 
ing big  has  been  struck.  Provisions  are 
high.  

Nevada  Borax.— The  borax  fields  of  Ne- 
vada are  at  length  attracting  attention 
abroad,  and  parties  in  Europe  have  recent 
ly  been  making  inquiries  in  regard  to 
them.  It  is  stated  that  there  are  at  least 
3,000  acres  in  Esmeralda  county,  the  depos- 
its on  whioh  vary  from  half  an  inch  to 
three  feet  in  thickness. 

Bail-road  Party. — The  train  containing 
the  Directors  of  the  Pennsylvania  Central 
Bailroad  arrived  here  on  the  17th  instant. 
The  excursion  is  under  the  direotion  of  J. 
Couthony,  of  the  Pullman  Palace  Car 
Company.  The  excursion  is  one  of  pleas- 
ure only,  and  the  party  will  visit  Yosemite 
Valley,  the  Big  Trees,  and  other  points  of 
interest  in  the  State  before  their  return. 


The  members  of  the  American  Society 
for  the  advancement  of  Science  are  ex- 
pected to  arrive  in  this  city  about  the  first 
of  August. 


Mining  as  an  Investment. 

It  is  unfortunate  for  the  mining  interests  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  that  the  difference  between  min- 
ing with  the  pick,  gad  and  shovel,  and  mining 
with  certificates  of  stock  is  not  more  generally 
recognized.  The  fascination  of  gaining  sudden 
wealth  in  "  stocks  "  is  very  great,  especially  to 
those  of  small  means  who  fail  to  see  why  they 
have  not  an  equal  chance  with  the  capitalist  in 
proportion  to  their  investment.  Those  who 
are  familiar  with  the  ways  and  means  of  mining 
capitalists,  "rings"  and  brokers  could  tell 
them  why;  but  a  deaf  ear  is  tamed  to  all  ad- 
vice and  remonstrance.  A  good  many  think 
they  have  "reliable  information,"  supposed  to 
be  known  to  the  favored  few,  but  they  show 
their  stupidity  by  not  being  aware  that  this 
"  reliable  information  "  dodge  is  one  of  the 
most  powerful  tools  used  by  "  mining  sharps  " 
to  rid  themselves  of  stock  about  to  fall.  The 
temptation  of  large  returns  for  small  invest- 
ments is  alluring  although  the  man  of  busi- 
ness recognizes  the  fact  that  high  interest 
and  bad  security  go  hand  in  hand. 

The  dangers  incident  to  stock  speculation 
should  be  seriously  considered  by  small  opera- 
tors, for  it  is  a  business  in  which  advantages  of 
any  kind  may  be  taken  by  dealers,  since  it  has 
become  by  popular  consent  and  custom  to  be 
looked  upon  not  only  as  honorable,  but,  since 
in  our  day  success  is  the  criterion  of  merit,  the 
capitalist  who  has  notoriously  amassed  his 
wealth  by  sharp  practice  and  at  the  expense  of 
hundreds  of  others,  is  regarded,  like  Merdle  in 
"Little  Dorrit,"  no  matter  what  his  social 
characteristics  may  be,  as  one  who  has  shown 
marked  ability,  and  whose  acquaintance  should 
be  cultivated.  This  speculative  mania  has 
wrought  a  pernicious  influence  in  the  commu- 
nity, while  the  mines  that  have  been  its  ob- 
jective point  have  neither  been  injured  or  im- 
proved by  the  reputation  which  the  value  of 
their  stocks  have  given  them/, 

The  Business  of  Mining 
Legitimately  conducted,  is  one  peculiarly  suited 
to  the  people  of  this  coast  since  it  promises 
large  returns  and  embraces  so  wide  a  field.  If 
we  can  only  succeed  in  awakening  a  deeper  in- 
terest in  it  as  a  (justness  among  our  capitalists,  it 
will  not  only  realize  extensive  returns  to  them 
hut  afford  employment  and  profit  to  the  indus- 
trious laboring  classes.  By  this  we  mean  min- 
ing— quite  apart  from  any  speculative  opera- 
tions in  stock,  for  while  we  desire  to  encourage 
legitimate  mining  enterprises,  mere  speculation 
should  be  discouraged. 

The  question  will  be  asked  by  some  who  have 
been  victimized  in  large  companies,  why  are 
there  so  many  failures,  and  why  are  so  small  a 
proportion  of  the  mines  called  at  the  Stock 
Board  dividend-paying  ?  If  the  men  who  ask 
these  questions  were  interested  enough  to  take 
a  trip  through  a  few  districts  where  hard-work- 
ing miners  are  developing  their  own  claims, 
and  then  return  to  San  Francisco  and  get  a  few 
points  concerning  the  management  of  large 
companies,  the  conclusion  they  would  be  com- 
pelled to  draw  would  answer  the  questions  sat- 
isfactorily. Moreover,  the  proportion  of 
amount  of  dividends  and  assessments  should  be 
taken  into  consideration  before  any  rash  asser- 
tions are  made.  This  month,  for  instance,  11 
assessments  so  far  have  been  made,  and  only 
rive  dividends  have  been  paid  by  mining  com- 
panies called  at  our  Stock  Boards.  The  five 
dividends  amount  in  the  aggregate  to  $1,067,- 
000,  and  the  eleven  assessments  amount  in  the 
aggregate  to  $351,750,  leaving  a  clear  gain  in 
favor  of  stockholders  of  $715,250.  When  the 
two  sides  are  represented  in  figures,  which  are 
matters  of  fact,  even  now  when  mining  is  seem- 
ingly in  disgrace  because  stocks  are  low,  the 
account  balances  very  favorably. 

The  great  mistake  has  been  that  quartz  min- 
ing has  been  considered  as  an  exception  to  gen- 
eral business  rules,  but  hard  experience  has 
proven  that  it  has  its  definite  business  restric- 
tions like  everything  else,  which  cannot  be  dis- 
regarded without  failure.  The  extravagance 
that  has  prevailed  has  chiefly  originated  in  the 
inflated  notions  which  have  existed  respecting 
the  richness  and  inexhaustible  quantity  of  ores 
attainable,  which  it  is  always  presumed  will 
increase  in  both  quantity  and  quality  with 
depth.  This  delusion  is  not  yet  fully  dissi- 
pated. Existing  local  circumstances,  geological 
formation,  width,  ore  supply,  etc.,  must  be 
taken  into  consideration  before  such  con- 
clusions are  adopted.  Superficial  bonanzas 
which  do  not  "go   down"    are  frequently  mis- 


taken for  veins  of  illimitable  depth,  mills  and 
hoisting  works  erected,  and  expenditures  made 
beyond  all  reasonable  bounds — and  failure  the 
result.  It  will  not  do  to  buy  everything  and 
anything  which  the  owners  call  a  ledge,  or  by 
supposing  it  rich  enough  to  invest  $40,000  or 
$50,000  in  machinery,  etc.,  before  it  is  known 
whether  there  is  any  ledge  or  not.  Such  a 
course  ignores  common  sense  and  prudence, 
and  exerts  a  disastrous  influence  on  all  legiti- 
mate mining  operations. 

Some  of  the  Mistakes  in  Mining. 

It  has  been  the  obj  ect  in  past  days  to  get 
the  greatest  possible  amount  of  money  in  the 
shortest  possible  time,  and  the  consequence  of 
this  mismanaged  jproceeding  has  been  seri- 
ously felt.  Millions  of  wealth  have  been  made 
inaccessible  by  this  thoughtless  work  and  reck- 
less thirst  for  gain.  We  have  had,  unfortu- 
nately, altogether  too  much  amateur  mining. 
People  have  gone  into  it  blindfold  and  come 
out  with  their  eyes  very  forcibly  opened.  In 
many  places  where  the  mines  were  unquestion- 
ably rich,  and  which  in  England,  or  any  other 
country,  where  they  are  worked  with  care  and 
systematic  economy,  would  have  paid  hand- 
some dividends,  this  amateur  mining  has  made 
the  companies  bankrupt.  Many  instances  are 
known  where  expensive  mills  have  been  erected 
in  a  good  agricultural  and  grazing  country, 
fitter  for  the  plow  than  the  piok,  15  or  20 
miles  from  timber  or  a  good  supply  of  water, 
and  further  off  still  from  auy  mine  that  by  any 
geological  or  metallurgical  possibility  could  be 
made  to  pay. 

There  is  no  business  in  which  men  exercise 
so  little  judgment  or  foresight  as  they  do  in 
buying  mining  property,  and  in  which  the 
simplest  rules  are  so  completely  ignored.  If 
the  business  were  entered  into  with  the  same 
precautions  that  are  generally  shewn  by  those 
who  engage  in  commercial  and  mechanical  pur- 
suits, it  would  present  less  hazard,  and  be  at- 
tended with  less  failure  than  any  other.  The 
history  of  mining  camps  is  continually  repeat- 
ing itself  without  the  examples  being  heeded. 
Surface  ore  comes  cheaply  and  gives  speedy  re- 
turns, but  with  the  increase  of  depth  the  diffi- 
culty and  expense  of  mining  increases  and  the 
quality  of  ore  often  changes  requiring  more 
capital  and  more  extensive  machinery.  In 
large  companies,  when  the  value  of  ore  de- 
preciates, the  supply  is  kept  up  by  extracting 
an  amount  that  ought  to  take  years  instead  of 
months  to  get  out,  the  mine  is  ruined  by  bad 
timbering  and  bad  hasty  work.  More  ore  is 
taken  out  than  the  milling  facilities  require, 
which  in  our  large  mines,  well  supplied  with 
mills,  is  seldom  judicious. 

Mills  are  always  considered  an  immediate  and 
absolute  necessity  without  the  probable  perma- 
nency of  the  lead  being  inquired  into.  Heavy 
and  expensive  machinery  is  frequently  shipped 
great  distances  before  10  tons  of  mineral-bear- 
ing rock  are  in  sight.  The  estimates  are  inva- 
riably too  small  and  assessment  after  assess- 
ment is  levied  before  the  mill  can  be  finished; 
and,  if  more  by  luck  than  management,  the 
company  pay  a  dividend,  it  is  but  the  precur- 
sor of  more  assessments.  No  money  is  spent 
in  actual  development  of  the  mine  but  is 
rather  consumed  in  unnecessary  expenses.  It 
is  better  to  first  begin  to  develop  a  lead  before 
talking  about  working  the  rock  from  the  first 
bonanza  struck,  for  the  ore  is  just  as  safe  on 
the  dumps  or  in  the  mine  until  enough  is  in 
sight  to  at  least  pay  for  a  mill.  Still  stock- 
holders invest,  generally,  with  the  expectation 
that  the  mine  immediately  declare  dividends, 
and  if  a  mill  is  not  erected  very  shortly  and 
money  forthcoming,  they  draw  out.  They 
begin  backward,  get  the  mill  first  and  the  mine 
afterward;  instead  of  developing  the  claim, 
they  only  partially  prospect  it  and  then  put  up 
a  mill.  The  mines  should  be  properly  opened, 
not  gouged  out,  and  a  judicious  superintendent 
will  only  extract  as  much  rock  as  is  necessary 
to  carry  it  on.  Many  mines  are  upheld  and 
salaries  paid  not  by  the  proceeds  of  the  mines 
but  by  direct  calls  on  the  stockholders  in  the 
shape  of  assessments. 

The  vicious  constitutions  of  many  of  our 
companies  are  not  always,  however,  to  be  at- 
tributed to  design,  but  from  undue  haste  and 
a  want  of  knowledge,  while  defects  have  led 
to  irregularities.  Perhaps  fraud  would  be  a 
more  fitting  term  in  some  instances  where  div- 
idends have  been  declared  on  borrowed  money 
and  an  assessment  levied  immediately  after  to 
pay  the  loan.  Such  things  are  monstrous  bus- 
iness absurdities.    'Stockholders  have   shown 


little  or  no  discretion  as  to  who  should  manage, 
and  the  consequences  have  fallen  not  only  on 
them,  but,  if  the  same  capital  had  been  prop- 
erly expended  it  would  foster  and  establish  min- 
ing as  a  staple  industry  instead  of  what  some 
suppose  it— .a  rock  to  be  avoided.  It  is  of  little 
use  to  point  outinstances  asbeacons  to  guide  the 
unwary,  for  while  stockholders  show  the  apathy 
in  the  management  of  their  mines  that  they  do, 
it  is  difficult  to  protect  them  from  the  snares 
of  designing  men.  It  is  a  business  which  de- 
mands superior  skill,  judgment,  education,  and 
experience  to  insure  profitable'  development, 
even  with  rich  lodes.  Mining  engineers  of 
sufficient  attainments  can  generally  tell  whether 
the  ground  is  ore  bearing  and  can  prepare  suffi- 
ciently accurate  estimates  of  cost,  expenditure, 
etc.,  to  warrant  owners  to  go  on  or  abandon 
the  work. 

[Concluded  next  week.] 

Congressional  Affairs. — A  bill  was 
introduced  in  Congress  by  Mr.  Sargent, 
immediately  after  the  passage  of  the 
Mining  Bill,  given  in  our  last  issue,  which 
provides  that  land  shall  not  be  excluded 
from  entry  under  the  homestead  or  pre- 
emption laws,  unless  it  is  shown  th&t'bona 
fide  mining  claims  exist  upon  it.  This  is 
This  is  intended  to  overcome  the  difficulties 
experienced  since  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  issued  the  ' '  numerical  land  or- 
der" last  year. 

A  bill  has  been  introduced  by  Senator 
Casserly  granting  right  of  way  and  ten 
sections  of  land  to  a  company  to  aid  them 
in  constructing  a  ditch  from  the  Moun- 
tain Lakes  of  El  Dorado  County  to  a  point 
in  Sacramento  County.  Said  ditch  to 
carry  5,000  inches  of  water. 

The  Senate  Committee  on  Mines  and 
Mining  have  reported  an  amended  bill  to 
incorporate  the  Utah  Bailroad,  Mining  and 
Land  Company.  The  Company  proposes 
to  incorporate  with  a  capital  of  $5,000,000, 
and  a  right  to  increase  it  five-fold,  to  de- 
velop the  resources  of  Utah  by  the  erec- 
tion of  works,  construction  of  railroads, 
working  of  mines,  etc.,  in  different  coun- 
ties, so  as  to  connect  the  mineral  districts 
with  the  adjoining  railroad.  A  number  of 
English  capitalists  are  to  be  interested. 

Utah  News. — A  dispatch  from  Salt  Lake 
City  states  that  a  great  body  of  ore,  run- 
ning to  thousands  of  dollars  per  ton,  has 
been  struck  in  the  400-ft  level  of  the  Em- 
ma mine.  Nearly  $200,000  in  silver  bull- 
ion were  received  in  Salt  Lake  City  last 
week,  and  .  another  car-load  from  Butter- 
field  Canon  has  arrived,  weighing  ten  tons, 
and  valued  at  $8,000.  An  effort  is  being 
made  to  obtain  a  futher  reduction  in 
freight  on  ores  for  the  East.  Numbers  of 
strangers  are  in  the  city,  and  the  stages  to 
the  mining  camps  are  all  crowded  with 
passengers.  A  dispatch  of  the  21st  states 
that  Judge  Strickland  delivered  a  decision 
on  that  day  in  the  Flagstaff  mining  suit 
refusing  the  injunction.  It  is  understood 
that  the  plaintiff  will  file  a  new  bill,  pray- 
ing for  a  restraining  order,  and  also  insti- 
tute proceedings  to  set  aside  the  patent. 
The  struggle  for  this  valuable  property  is 
creating  considerable  excitement  in  mining 
circles.  There  has  been  another  heavy 
snow  slide  at  Little  Cottonwood,  in  which 
several  miners  were  buried,  but  were  res- 
cued uninjured,  except  one,  who  had  his 
leg  broken.  A  dispatch  dated  Salt  Lake, 
20th  inst. ,  states  that  on  that  day  mining 
property  in  Tintic  and  Camp  Eloyd  Dis- 
tricts to  the  amount  of  $500,000  was  dis- 
posed of.  A  number  of  Pittsburgh  capi- 
talists are  in  Salt  Lake  City  negotiating 
for  mines. 


Labor  Strike. — The  great  labor  strike 
in  New  York  last  week  for  the  eight-hour 
system  was  participated  in  by  a  large 
number  of  persons  of  many  different 
trades.  The  proceedings  of  the  meet- 
ings are  said  to  have  been  conducted 
in  an  orderly  manner  and  no  trouble  oc- 
curred. The  strike  seems  to  have  been 
entirely  successful,  employers  having  con- 
ceded to  the  terms  imposed,  but  whether 
it  will  be  lasting  or  only  temporary  re- 
mains to  be  seen. 


1 


May  25,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


329 


The  Frear  Artificial  Stone. 

The  attention  of  the  scientific  world  has 
for  some  years  past  been  directed  to  the 
importance  of  devising  some  method  for 
the  production  of  an  artificial  building 
stone,  which  may  bo  furnished  at  a  low 
price,  and  at  tho  same  time  meet  all  the 
conditions  required  for  building  purposes. 
The  very  great  expenso  of  quarryingnnd 
dressing  natural  stone,  and  the  unsightly, 
inartistic  appearance  of  brick  structures, 
operates  as  a  very  groat  drawback  to  the 
permanent  and  solid  growth  of  many  of 
our  cities;  or  at  least  these  difficulties  lead 
to  tho  erection  of  cheap  wooden  structures, 
or  those  of  mixed  material,  which  soon 
perish  from  natural  disintegration,  or  from 
the  conflagrations  which  are  invited  and 
fed  by  their  combustiblo  nature. 

The  grandest  prize  yet  awarded  to  in- 
ventive genius  awaits  the  one  who  will 
produce  an  artificial  stone  which  shall  be 
composed  of  olements  easily  attainable, 
which  shall  be  durable,  impervious  to 
moisture,  and  capable  of  being  easily 
shaped  into  architectural  and  artistic  de- 
signs, and  which  at  the  same  time  can  be 
afforded  at  a  price  which,  while  it  will  en- 
able the  wealthy  to  erect  mansions  and 
publio  buildings  of  elaborate  and  costly 
designs,  may  at  the  same  time  be  brought 
within  the  means  of  the  less  wealthy, 
whose  only  ambition  is  to  put  up  cheap, 
durable,  fire-proof  structures,  at  about  the 
cost  of  ordinary  brick. 

Many  processes  have  from  time  to  time 
been  suggested  and  a  large  number  of  pat- 
cuts  have  been  secured,  both  in  this  coun- 
try and  in  Europe,  for  meeting  the  condi- 
tions required.  The  records  show  that  28 
different  patents  for  the  manufacture  of 
artificial  Btone  have  been  taken  out  in  this 
country,  alone,  within  the  past  fourteen 
years — not  more  than  three  or  four  of 
which  have  stood  the  test  of  practical  ap- 
plication. Among  those  which  seem  to 
have  met  with  a  most  decided  approval  we 
may  mention  that  obtained  a  few  years 
since  by  Mr.  George  A.  Frear,  of  Chi- 
cago, and  which  after  four  years  of  prac- 
tical trial,  and  of  final  crucial  test  in  the 
great  Chicago  fire,  is  now  presented  by  its 
proprietors  in  the  fullest  confidence  that 
all  requirements  have  been  fully  and 
fairly  met. 

A  large  number  of  massive  and  elegant 
structures  have  been  put  up  with  this  ma- 
terial, now  known  as  "  Frear  stone,"  in 
Chicago,  and  in  several  of  our  Eastern 
cities,  and  among  these  one  of  the  most 
elegant  church  buildings  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  which  is  constructed  of  Frear 
stone  from  foundation  to  turret. 

The  Frear  stone  seems  to  combine,  in 
an  extraordinary  manner,  all  the  elements 
of  durability.  It  is  free  from  metallic 
admixtures;  it  is  impervious  to  moisture  ; 
it  is  uniform  in  structure  and  constituent 
parts,  and  the  adhesiveness  of  its  cementa- 
tion is  most  extraordinary,  resisting  alike 
fire,  water  and  frost. 

Its  manufacture  is  extremely  simple, 
requiring  no  machinery  beyond  the  molds 
in  which  the  blocks  and  designs  are  cast. 
The  cementing  material  is  simply  Port- 
land cement  and  shellac.  This  being 
moistened  and  mixed  with  moist  sand  the 
whole  mass  is  tamped  into  a  mold,  when  it 
soon  sets  and  dries. 

The  simplicity  of  the  manufacture  ena- 
bles it  to  be  furnished  cheaper  than  any 
other  artificial  stone  with  which  we  are 
acquainted. 

Mr.  George  D.  Dornin,  Vice  President 
of  the  Fireman's  Fund  Insurance  Com- 
pany of  this  city,  has  twice  visited  Chicago 
since  the  great  fire  there  in  the  interest  of 
his  Company.  He  has  carefully  examined 
this  stone  in  the  city  of  its  birth  ;  has  seen 
it  in  alt  its  varying  conditions,  use  and 
wear;  exposure  to  wet,  frost,  fire,  and 
water  under  the  most  intense   heat,  and 


pronounces  it  equal  to  any  kind  of  build- 
ing material  used  in  that  city.  This 
opinion,  coming  from  a  gentleman  writing 
and  acting  in  the  interest  of  one  of  our 
leading  insurance  companies  is  entitled 
to  great  weight. 

Commander  Reese,  of  tho  United  States 
Navy,  subjected  a  single  inch  cube  to  a 
pressure  of  C.000  pounds  under  a  hydraulic 
press,  at  the  Washington  Navy  Yard, 
without  breaking  it ;  this  is  equal  to  8G4,- 
000  pounds  to  the  superficial  foot,  and  we 
do  not  know  of  any  architecture  in  this 
country  which  requires  over  about  30,000 
pounds  to  the  superficial  foot. 

We  are  pleased  to  learn  that  a  company, 
comprising  among  its  members  some  of 
our  most  substantial  and  thorough  going 
business  men,  has  been  organized  in  this 
city  for  the  manufacture  of  the  Frear  stone 
here.  They  have  already  commenced  op- 
erations on  Bluxome  street  between  Fourth 
and  Fifth,  with  an  office  at  038  Market 
street,  where  speoimens  of  the  stoue  can 
be  seen,  also  photographs  of  numerous 
buildings  which  have  been  erected  at  the 
East  wholly  or  in  part  of  this  material. 
Specimens  which  have  been  through  tho 
Chicago  fire  are  also  exhibited.  We  deem 
this  enterprise  one  of  the  most  important 
yet  established  in  this  city. 

Brown's  Patent  Fire  Hydrant. 

The  Brown  hydrant,  an  illustration  of 
which  is  herewith  given,  appears  to  us  to 
possess  an  evident  superiority   over   those 


this  city  incipient  fires  are  often  extin- 
guished by  taking  water  through  hose  di- 
rect from  the  hydrant  to  the  fire,  thereby 
preventing  disastrous  results.  The  double 
discharge  is  an  advantage  in  this  case 
since  if  hoso  is  attached  to  the  hydrant, 
when  tho  engines  arrive  more  or  less  time 
is  lost  in  detaching  the  hose  and  putting 
on  that  bolongiug  to  the  engine.  By  the 
double  discharge  a  stream  may  bo  on  tho 
firo  all  the  time  and  tho  hydrant  hose  be 
romoved  only  when  the  engine  stream  is 
under  way.  In  view  of  those  facts  it  is 
evident  that  a  hydrant  which,  from  its  pe- 
culiar construction  does  away  with  a  largo 
amount  of  friction  as  does  the  Brown, 
commends  itself. 

An  examination  of  this  hydrant  may  bo 
made  by  parties  interested  at  the  store  of 
Brittain,  Holbrook  &  Co.,  Nos.  Ill  and 
113  California  street. 


Iron,  Steel  and  Hardware — A  large  three- 
story  fire-proof  brick  building  hasbeen  recently 
erected  on  Market  street  in  this  city,  between 
First  and  Fremont  streets,  by  J.  S.  Van  Winkle 
for  the  firm  of  Vau  Winkle  &  Davenport  im- 
porters and  dealers  in  Iron,  Steel  and  heavy 
Hardware. 

The  lot,  which  was  purchased  for  the  pur- 
pose last  fall,  is  4Gxl37  feet  and  in  a  good  lo- 
cality for  the  business.  The  building  in  its 
interior  arrangements  is  very  complete  and 
convenient.  The  largest  truck  can  drive  in, 
receive  and  deliver  goods  with  the  greatest 
possible  dispatch.  The  house  as  may  be  seen 
by  reference  to  then1  card  is  now  open  for  busi- 
ness, a  full  share  of  which  it  will  doubtless 
receive.  Both  members  of  this  firm  are  loug 
and  widely  known  on  this  coast.  Mr.  Van 
Winkle,  as  will  be  remembered  by  many  of  our 
old  residents,  started  business  in  this  city  as 
early  as  October,  1849.  In  November,  1851,  he 
removed  to  Sacramento,  since  which  he  has 
passed  through  many  vicissitudes  of  fortune. 
He  there  put  up  three  buildings  and  remained 
on  the  same  lot  for  upwards  of  twenty  years, 
being  in  the  meantime  twice  burnt  out  with  no 
insurance,  and  suffering  otherwise  heavily 
from  numerous  floods  and  losses  attending  the 
same.  But  reverses  seem  only  to  have  given 
a  new  impetus  to  energy  and  determination, 
which  we  trust  will  receive  the  reward,  they 
merit. 


BKOWN'S  PATENT  FIRE  HTDEANI. 
at  present  in  use  in  this  city.  One  par- 
ticular advantage  is  that  it  admits  a  free, 
unbroken  flow  of  water  through  curved 
and  easy  lines  and  no  obstruction  is  pre- 
sented. The  valve  or  gate  employed  is 
the  single  disk  which  was  recently  illus- 
trated in  our  columns.  This  gate  lifts  to 
a  chamber,  and  out  of  the  current  of 
water,  is  easily  operated  and  not  liable  to 
stick.  The  hydrant  is  made  with  one  or 
more  discharges  as  desired  and  is  heavy 
and  not  liable  to  get  out  of  order  or  be 
easily  broken,  as  is  the  case  with  lighter 
ones. 

It  is  stated  that  by  actual  test  there  is  a 
saving  of  more  than  fifteen  per  cent,  over 
the  old  hydrant  on  account  of  the  abrupt 
angles  in  the  latter  and  the  valve  opening 
into  and  blocking  up  the  water-way. 

The  extinguishing  of  fires  without  the 
aid  of  engines,  by  means  of  the  pressure 
on  the  street  mains  iB  always  desirable 
when  that  pressure  is  obtainable,  and  in 


Tunnels. — Work  on  the  Detroit  side  shaft  of 
the  Detroit  River  Tunnel  was  commenced  Dec. 
1st,  1871,  and  finished  Jan.  31,  1872.  The 
drainage  tunnel  from  bottom  of  the  shaft  has 
been  excavated  for  130  feet.  It  rises  on  a  grade 
of  1  in  1,000  to  the  center  of  the  river  and  is 
not  to  be  straight,  but  to  have  two  short  curves. 
On  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  there  remained,  on  Feb. 
1st,  1872,  only  2,501  feet  in  the  eastern  part, 
and  4,644  feet  on  the  western  part,  to  be  driven. 
Its  completion  is  promised  by  autumn  of  1874. 
An  English  CJuznnel  Tunnel  Company  has  been 
registered  iu  London  to  excavate  a  trial  shaft 
and  driftway  on  the  English  side,  and,  if  the 
scheme  is  found  practicable,  to  push  the  work 
on  until  the  French  shore  is  reached.  The  ex- 
perimental section  contemplated  will  cost  $10,- 
000,000.  

Nevada  Items. — The  arrangements  be- 
tween the  Elko  and  Hamilton  Railroad 
and  the  Syndicate  have  been  satisfactori- 
ly completed,  by  which  the  latter  ad- 
vances the  bonds  on  thirty-three  years, 
seven  per  cent,  mortgage,  for  the  construc- 
tion and  fitting  out  of  the  road.  Work 
will  be  commenced  about  the  1st  of  July, 
and  the  road  will  give  more  convenient 
access  to  several  mining  districts,  and  will 
afford  means  to  ship  the  ore  of  Treasure 
Hill  and  Eureka,  which  could  not  other- 
wise be  transported  with  profit.  The 
wagon  roads  from  Elko  to  White  Pine  are 
iu  excellent  condition.  A  large  force  of 
men  is  to  be  put  at  work  on  the  property 
of  the  Empire  City  mining  company  in 
Railroad  District. 


The  Edkeka,  at  Grass  Valley, 'which  for 
many,  years  previous  to  its  late  decadence 
has  been  the  leading  mine  in  that,  favored 
locality,  is  still  without  any  new  develop- 
ments, notwithstanding  the  occasional 
rumors  to  the  contrary.  In  the  meantime 
the  Idaho,  next  adjoining  on  the  same 
ledge  southward,  has  taken  the  place 
formerly  occupied  by  the  Eureka  as  the 
leading  mine  in  Grass  Valley.  The  im- 
provement in  this  mine  is  creating  a  re- 
newed interest  in  the  second  extension 
south. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco: 

Geddes  axt>  Bertraxd  Mill  and  Mining  Co. 
Miv  16.  Location:  Eureka  District,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock.  $4,000,000,  in  4,000  shares. 
Trustees — Louis  Bertram!,  Samuel  Geddes,  S. 
W.  Loe,  M.  C.  Billiard  and  E.  A.  Fargo. 

Goi'uer  Gold  and  Silteb  Mining  Co. — May 
15.  Location :  Devil's  Gate  aud  Chinatown 
Miuiug  District.  Capital  stock  $3,000,000,  in 
30,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  P.  .l.iues,  J.  A. 
I'ritclianl,  S.  A.  fiaymond,  i>.  II.  Freeman  and 
lleury  Raymond. 

Alta  S.  M.  Co. —  May  15.  Location:  Gold 
Hill  District,  Storey  County,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $3,000,000,  iu  30,000  shares.  Trustees— 
C.  .Icnes,  C.  B.  Land,  .1.  L.  Vanbokkeleu,  W. 
F.  Meyers  and  M.  It.  Towusend. 

South  Comstock  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— May  15. 
Location:  Gold  Hill  District,  Storey  County, 
Nevada.  Capital  stock  $4,000,000,  iu  shares  of 
$100  each.  Trustees— Robert  Sherwood,  A.  K. 
P.  Harmon  and  James  A.  Pritchard. 

Leo  M.  Co. — May  15.  Location:  Gold  Hill 
District.  Capital  stock  $3,200,000,  in  32,000 
shares.  Tnistees— F.  Schwartzobild,  L.  W. 
Wood,  Wm.  H.  Shears,  II.  W.  Byington  and  A. 
Staples. 

Alabama  and  Humboldt  Consolidated  M.  Co. 
May  10.  Location:  Storey  Comity,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock  $2,800,000,  in  2,800  shares.  Trus- 
tees— Charles  Jones,  C.  B.  Laud.  A.  Fleisch- 
hacker,  John  Gillig  and  Wm.  H.  Watson. 

Chief  of  the  Hill  M.  Co. — May  16.  Location : 
Ely  District,  Lincoln  County,  Nevada.  Cap- 
ital stock  $3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees— J.  B.  Haggiu,  John  P.  Jones,  Chas.  L. 
Elliot,  A.  C.  Kibbe  and  Jessie  S.  Wall. 

Wolverine  M.  and  M.  Co. — May  16.  Lo- 
cation: Calaveras  County,  and  the  Independ- 
ence and  Railroad  Flat  District.  Capital  stock 
S2,000,000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trustees— B.  M. 
Hartshorne,  W.  H.  Taylor,  Wm.  Norris.  W.  H. 
Moor  and  E.  Norton. 

Setting  Sun  S.  M.  Co. — May  16.  Location: 
Ely  District.  Capital  stock  $2,400,000,  in  24,000 
shares.  Trustees — M.  J.  McDonald,  Robert 
Sherwood,  Joseph  Clark,  John  W.  Gashwiler 
and  E.  J.  Baldwiu. 

Victor  S.  M.  Co. — May  16.  Location:  Ely 
District.  Capital  stock  $1,800,000,  in  shares  of 
$100  each.  Trustees —  John  W.  Gashwiler, 
Robert  Sherwood,  M.  J.  McDonald.E.  J.  Bald- 
win and  Joseph  Clark. 

Black  Bear  and  Yellow  Jacket  M.  Co. 
May  17.  Location:  State  of  California.  Cap- 
ital stock  $3,000,000,  in  shares  of  $100  each. 
Trustees — Thomas  Bell,  Thomas  Fredderspoon 
E.  N.  Hooper,  Joel  F.  Lightner  and  John  A. 
Gashwiler. 

Bohemian  Club.— May  17.  Trustees:  D.  P. 
Belknap,  Henry  George,  Frederick  Whymper, 
S.  C.  Rogers  and  Benjamin  Napthaly.  Ob- 
jects— The  promotion  of  social  and  intellectual 
intercourse  between  journalists  and  other  writ- 
ers, actors  and  musicians,  professional  and  am- 
ateur, and  others  associated  by  reason  of 
knowledge  and  appreciation  of  polite  litera- 
ture, science  and  the  fine  arts;  and  also  the  col- 
lection and  preservation  of  records,  mementoes 
and  archives  illustrating  the  progress  of  liter- 
ature, science  and  art  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
calculated  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  those 
who  have  been,  or  shall  be,  instrumental  in 
promoting  such  progress. 

Clipper  S.  M.  Co. — May  18.  Location:  Gold 
Hill  District,  Storey  County,  Nevada.  Capital 
stock  $3,100,000,  in  shares  of  $100  each. 
Trustees— M.  D.  Townsend,  Henry  Baker,  A. 
E.  Head,  S.  W.  Lee  and  W.  S.  Hobart. 

Louisville  Consolidated  M.  Co. — May  18. 
Location:  State  of  Nevada.  Capital  stock  $2, 
000,000,  in  shares  of  $100  each.  Trustees— 
A.  Austin,  Grove  Adams,  G.  W.  Grayson,[Fred . 
A.  Gibbs  and  C.  J.  Lansing. 

Horticultural  Hall  Association. — May  18. 
Object :  To  carry  on  and  conduct  horticultural 
exhibitions,  to  purchase  and  improve  real 
estate  for  the  benefit  of  the  association.  Cap- 
ital stock,  $60,000,  in  600  shares.  Trustees- 
Robert  J.  Betge,  Wm.  Meyer,  Christian  West- 
phal,  E.  L.  Reimer  and  P.  A.  Miller. 

Pennsylvania  S.  M.  Co.— May  21.  Location : 
White  Pine  County,  State  of  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $2,000,000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trustees— 
Alvinza  Hayward,  Andrew  Jackson,  Jasper 
O'Farrell,  Robert  Sherwood,  George  W.  Cope, 
D.  L.  McDonald  and  J.  G.  Mcssec. 

The  Angel's  Quartz  Mining  Company  filed 
an  amended  certificate  May  21.  Location: 
Angel's  Camp,  Calaveras  County.  Capital  stock 
$1,800,000,  in  18,000  shares.  Trustees— Wm. 
Maltman,  Wm.  A.  Baker,  W.  R.  Ward,  A.  N. 
Bell  and  G.  J.  Slocum. 

The  Champion  Cons.  G.  and  S.  M.  Co. 
May  22.  Location:  Wallapai  District,  Mo- 
have count}',  Arizona.  Capital  stock  $4,000,- 
000,  in  40,000  shares.  Trustees— W.  H.  Ray- 
mond, R.  B.  Gray,  C.  J.  Deering,  W.  H.  Smith 
and  S.  L.  Theller. 

Dunderbebg  M.  Co. — The  number  of  shares 
in  this  company  is  50,000  instead  of  5,000  as 
we  stated    last  week. 


Dana's  Mineralogy.— Appendix  to  the  last 
edition  of  Sana's  Mineralogy  has  just  been  is- 
sued. It  contains  24  pages,  8  vo.,  aud  has  been 
prepared  by  Prof.  G.  J.  Brush.  It  contains 
descriptions  of  87  minerals  by  him  during  the 
past  four  years. 


330 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  25,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Mushroom  Catsup. 

Below  we  give  Dr.  Kitchiner's  mode  of  mak- 
ing this  article, taken  from  his  "Cook's  Oracle;" 
Take  care  that  they  are  the  right  sort  and  fresh- 
ly gathered.  Full  grown  flaps  are  preferred. 
Put  a  layer  of  these  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep 
earthen  pan,  and  sprinkle  them  with  salt; 
then  another  layer  of  mushrooms  and  some 
more  salt  on  them,  and  so  on  alternately,  salt 
and  mushrooms.  Let  them  remain  two  or 
three  hours;  by  which  time  the  salt  will  have 
penetrated  the  mushrooms,  and  rendered  them 
easy  to  break.  Then  pound  them,  into  a  mor- 
tar or  mash  them  well  with  your  hands  and  let 
them  remain  for  a  couple  of  days,  no  longer, 
stirring  them  up  and  mashing  them  well  each 
day.  Then  pour  them  into  a  stone  jar,  and  to 
each  quart  add  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  whole 
black  pepper  and  half  an  ounce  of  allspice; 
stop  the  jar  very  close  and  set  in  a  stew-pan  of 
boiling  water,  and  keep  it  boiling  for  two  hours 
at  least.  Take  out  the  jar,  pour  the  juice  clear 
from  the  settlings  through  a  hair  seive,  without 
queezing  the  mushrooms,  into  a  clean  stew- 
pan;  let  it  boil  very  gently  for  half  an  hour. 
Those  who  are  for  superlative  catsup  will 
continue  the  boiling  tiU  the  mushroom  juice  is 
reduced  to  one-half  the  quantity.  It  may  then 
bo  called  double  catsup.  There  are  several  ad- 
vantages attending  this  concentration;  it  will 
keep  much  better,  and  only  one-half  the  quan- 
tity be  required,  so  you  can  flavor  sauce  with- 
out thinning  it;  neither  is  this  an  extravagant 
way  of  making  it,  merely  the  aqueous  part  is 
evaporated;  skim  it  well  and  pour  it  into  a  clean 
dry  jar;  cover  it  close  and  let  it  stand  in  a  cool 
place  until  nest  day,  pour  it  off  as  gently  as 
possible  (so  as  not  to  disturb  the  settlings  at 
the  bottoms  of  the  jar)  through  a  tamis  or  a 
thick  flannel  bag,  till  it  is  perfectly  clear;  add 
a  tablespoonful  of  good  brandy  to  each  pint 
of  catsup  and  let  it  stand  as  before ;  a  fresh  sed- 
iment will  be  deposited,  from  which  the  catsup 
is  to  be  quietly  poured  off  and  bottled  in  pints 
or  half  pints  (which  have  been  washed  with 
brandy  or  spirits) .  It  is  best  to  keep  it  in  such 
quantities  as  are  soon  used.  Take  especial 
care  that  it  is  close  corked  and  sealed  or  dipped 
in  bottle  cement. 


Rules  for  Washing  Dishes. 

Scrape  the  dishes,  put  away  any  food  which 
may  remain  on  them,  and  which  it  may  be  proper 
to  save  for  future  use.  Put  grease  into  the 
grease  pot,  and  whatever  else  may  be  on  the 
plates,  into  the  slop  pail.  Save  tea  leaves  for 
sweeping.  Set  all  the  dishes,  when  scraped, 
in  regular  pile's,  the  smallest  at  the  top. 

Put  the  nicest  articles  in  the  wash  dish  and 
wash  them  with  hot  suds,  with  the  swab  or 
nicest  dishcloth.  Wipe  all  metal  articles  as 
soon  as  they  are  washed.  Put  all  the  rest  into 
the  rinsing  dish  which  should  be  filled  with 
hot  water.  "When  they  are  taken  out  lay  them 
to  drain  on  the  waiter.  Then  rinse  the  dish- 
cloth and  hang  it  up,  wipe  the  articles  washed 
and  put  them  in  their  places. 

Pour  in  more  hot  water,  wash  the  greasy 
dishes  with  the  dishcloth  made  for  them;  rinse 
them  and  set  them  to  drain.  "Wipe  them  and 
set  them  away.  "Wash  the  knives  and  forks, 
being  careful  that  the  handles  are  never  put  in 
water;  wipe  them  and  then  lay  them  in  a 
knife  dish  to  be  scoured. 

Take,  a  fresh  supply  of  clean  suds,  in  which 
wash  the  milk  pans,  buckets,  and  tins.  Then 
rinse  and  hang  up  this  dishcloth,  and  take  the 
other;  with  which,  wash  the  roaster,  gridiron, 
pots,  and  kettles,  Then  wash  and  rinse  the  dish- 
cloth and  hang  it  up.  Empty  the  slop  bucket 
and  scald  it.  Dry  metal  teapots  and  tins  be- 
fore the  fire.  Then  put  the  fireplace  in  order, 
and  sweep  and  dust  the  kitchen. — Catherine  E. 
Beeeher. 


Good  Temper  and  Good  Cooking. — It  is  as- 
tonishing how  much  the  cheerfulness  of  a  wife 
contributes  to  the  happiness  of  home.  "We 
remember  hearing  a  husband  say  that  he  could 
guage  the  temper  of  his  wife  by  the  quality  of 
her  cooking;  good  temper  even  influenced  the 
seasoning  of  her  soups  and  the  lightness  and 
delicacy  of  her  pastry.  "When  ill  temper  per- 
vades, the  pepper  is  dashed  in  as  a  cloud,  per- 
chance the  top  of  the  pepper  box  is  included, 
as  a  kind  of  diminutive  thunder  bolt;  the  salt 
is  all  in  lumps  and  the  spices  seem  to  betake 
themselves  all  to  one  spot  in  the  puddings,  as 
if  dreading  the  frowning  face  above  them.  If 
there  be  a  husband  who  could  abuse  the  smiles 
of  a  really  good  tempered  wife,  we  should  like 
to  look  at  him!  Among  the  elements  of  do- 
mestic happiness,  the  amiability  of  the  wife 
and  mother  is  of  the  utmost  importance — it  is 
one  the  of  best  securities  for  the  happiness  of 
home. — Ohio  Farmer. 


Fire  Kindlings, — In  France  a  very  conven- 
ient and  economical  kindling  is  made  by  dip- 
ping corn-cobs  for  about  one  minute  in  a  bath 
composed  of  60  parts  melted  resin  and  40  parts 
tar.  They  are  next  spread  out  to  dry  on  metal- 
lic plates,  heated  to  the  temperature  of  boiling 
water.  They  are  then  assorted,  according  to 
size,  and  tied  up  in  bundles.  They  seU  for  1 
to  2  centimes  (%cent)  apiece.  The  ''Coinpag- 
nie  des  allumettes  landaise"  employs  30  work- 
men and  makes  about  $40,000  worth  a  year. 


Helpful  Hints  for  the  Household. 

Rice  Cakes. — One  pint  of  boiled  rice,  a  tea- 
cup of  flour,  two  eggs,  a  small  spoonful  of  but- 
ter, a  teaspoonful  of  salt,  and  milk  sufficient  to 
make  a  muffin  batter.  Bake  on  a  griddle. 
Served  hot.  Eat  with  butter  and  powdered  su- 
gar. 

A  Good  Custard.— Upon  five  eggs,  well 
beaten,  pour  one  quart  of  milk  scalding  hot, 
stirring  all  the  time;  sweeten  to  taste;  flavor 
with  lemon  or  nutmeg;  bake  twenty  minutes  in 
an  oven  at  a  moderate  heat.  A  custard  made 
in  this  way  is  superior  to  one  made  of  cold 
milk,  as  the  taste  is  richer,  and  it  does  not 
1 '  whey. ' ' 

Crisp  Muffins. — One  pint  of  sifted  Indian 
meal. 

One  pint  of  milk  or  cream. 

Two  eggs. 

A  teaspoonful  of  salt. 

A  spoonful  of  butter  or  lard. 

Drop  the  batter  in  a  hot,  greased  pan  or  oven 
by  spoonfuls,  taking  care  that  your  muffins  do 
not  touch.    Let  them  bake  till  crisp  and  brown. 

Soft  Ginger  Cake. — One  egg,  one  cup  of 
molasses,  spoonful  of  ginger,  one  cup  and  a 
half  of  sour  cream,  one  neaping  teaspoonful  of 
soda,  and  flour  for  rather  a  thin  batter. 

Sugar  Cookies. — One  cup  of  butter,  one  cup 
of  sugar,  three  eggs,  one  teaspoonful  of  soda, 
half  a  nutmeg  grated;  roll  thin  and  bake  in  a 
quick  oven. 

Yelvet  Cream. — One  half  ounce  isinglass 
dissolved  in  one  and  a  half  cups  of  white  wine, 
to  which  is  added  the  juice  and  rind  of  one 
lemon  and  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  white 
sugar,  Simmer  tiU  mixed;  strain  and  set  to 
cool.  Add  a  pint  and  a  half  of  rich  cream, 
and  stir  till  quite  cold;  then  set  in  molds  on  the 
ice  till  stiff  as  blancmange.  Orange  peel  and 
juice  are  finer  than  lemon. 

Plain  Cream. — One  quart  of  sweet  milk,  one 
cup  of  cream,  one  coffecup  of  sugar,  or  less  if 
you  prefer,  boiled  with  a  piece  of  orange  peel, 
or  flavored  with  almond.  Moisten  four  spoon- 
fuls of  sea  moss  farina  with  cold  milk,  and  stir 
into  a  boil.  Two  spoonfuls  of  rose  brandy  is  a 
delicious  flavor  for  this  cream.  Stew  any  juicy 
fruit  nicely,  sweetening  right,  and  when  boiling 
stir  in  a  spoonful  of  corn  starch  wet  in  cold 
water  for  every  pint  of  juice.  This  gives  a 
jelly-like  appearance  and  clearness  to  the  fruit 
without  impairing  the  fruit  in  any  way.  "While 
only  a  moderate  quantity  of  sugar  is  used,  the 
juice  has  almost  a  candied  look.  Cranberries, 
barberries,  and  such  sour  fruit  are  improved  by 
it.  If  the  juice  is  strained,  the  corn  starch  ad- 
dition will  make  a  very  tolerable  jelly,  much 
pleasanter  than  the  isinglass  jellies.  This 
must  be  poured  in  fiat  glass  dishes  to  the  depth 
of  half  an  inch,  and  cooled.  "When  firm,  pour 
on  the  cream,  let  that  stand,  and  add  another 
layer  of  fruit.  This  will  be  found  a  delicious 
substitute  for  pies  in  summer  when  pastry  is 
too  rich  to  be  eaten. 

Wood  Fires. 

We  often  wonder  why  in  an  age  abounding 
in  inventions  for  household  comfort,  the  oldest 
and  best  of  all — a  wood  fire  on  the  hearth — 
has  almost  disappeared.  It  cannot  be  on  the 
ground  of  its  greater  expense,  for  that  is  not  a 
trifle  compared  to  luxuries  which  we  see  every- 
where. Scrupulous  housewives,  we  believe, 'ob- 
ject to  it  as  untidy.  But  from  such  pharisaic 
regard  of  the  outside  of  the  cup  and  platter, 
may  we  be  delivered!  Now,  in  the  first  place, 
nothing  keeps  the  air  of  a  room  so  fresh  and 
sweet  as  an  open  wood  fire.  Its  advantage  in 
point  of  healthfulness  over  ordinary  ways  of 
warming  are  immense.  For  a  room  of  ordi- 
nary size,  in  this  climate,  it  gives  amply  suffi- 
cent  heat.  And  what  a  wonderful  promoter  of 
cheerfulness  it  is!  It  is  as  much  better  than 
the  open  coal  fire  than  that  is  better  than  the 
black  hole  in  the  floor  called  a  register.  Its 
voice,  as  it  purrs  and  crackles  and  roars,  is 
enough  to  drive  away  the  worst  fit  of  the  blues. 
Its  mountain  flames  give  the  cheapest  light  in 
the  world.  The  depths  of  its  glowing  coals 
continually  allure  and  charm  the  eye.  There 
are  not  many  human  beings  who  are  as  good 
company  for  every  mood.  After  the  day's  work 
and  fret  it  brings  calm  and  cheer — whiles  away 
all  troubling  thoughts.  If  the  mind  is  at  work, 
its  unobtrusive  companionship  sooths  and  aids. 
"When  one  is  weary,  he  may  find  restful  occupa- 
tion in  watching  the  freaks  of  the  flames,  and 
listening  to  their  changeful  voice.  It  brightens 
people  and  brings  them  together.  To  what 
scenes  of  friendship  and  social  enjoyment  does 
it  lend  a  unique  charm !  It  is  the  luxury  of 
luxuries,  a  thing  without  which  life  is  incom- 
plete.— Beeeher. 

How  to  Keep  Cheese. — A  good  way  to  keep 
cheese. from  moulding  or  getting  too  dry  is  to 
place  it  between  two  wooden  bowls  and  put 
them  in  the  coolest,  darkest  corner  of  the 
cellar.  "We  bought  one  last  Novemeber  weigh- 
ing nearly  forty  pounds,  and  treated  it  after 
the  above  method;  what  there  is  left  of  it  at  the 
present  time  (April  19th)  is  moist  and  good;  not 
an  ounce  has  been  wasted  because  of  .mould. 
Perhaps  others  may  have  a  better  way.  If  so 
please  let  us  hear  about  it.  I  am  perfecly  sat- 
isfied with  our  way.  The  experiment  was  purely 
an  original  one  and  the  test  was  satisf  actory. 
The  wooden  bowls  want  to  be  large  enough  to 
encircle  the  cheese,  and  the  edges  must  meet, 
not  tightly,  but  so  air  can  circulate  slightly 
around  the  cheese. — Ohio  Farmer. 


Porcelaiu  Wash-Tubs. 

In  a  "private  letter  from  a  lady  residing  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  T.,  to  a  correspondent  of  the 
Press,  a  bit  of  useful  information  relative  to 
the  new  porcelain  wash-tubs,  is  extracted  for 
our  columns:  "Several  of  the  wealthy  fami- 
lies of  Brooklyn,  one  in  particular  residing  at 
Montague  Terrace,  have  introduced  into  their 
dwellings  these  new  stationary  tubs;  they  are 
models  of  convenience  in  washing,  and  save 
an  immense  amount  of  work;  a  large  washing 
is  done  in  a  great  deal  less  time  than  by  the 
use  of  other  tubs  or  inventions;  they  are  very 
expensive  but  very  convenient  and  a  great  im- 
provement on  other  labor-saving  washing  ap- 
paratus." 

In  the  Mechanic  and  Inventor  we  find  a  short 
aUusion  to  this  new  invention.  It  corroborates 
the  statement  of  the  lady,  and  gives  a  little  ad- 
ditional as  follows:  "An  importer  of  crockery 
is  dreaming  of  a  fortune  from  the  sales  of 
"stationary  wash-tubs"  made  of  porcelain, 
each  having  a  currugated  inclined  side  for  a 
rub-board.  The  porcelain  tubs  are  about  as 
large  as  the  ordinary  wooden  stationary  tubs. 
They  are  among  the  neatest  of  household  ap- 
pliances; yet  the  prices  asked  for  them  are  be- 
yond all  bounds  of  reason." 

Something  New  for  the  Kitchen. 

One  of  the  slowest  and  most  tiresome  opera- 
tions of  the  kitchen  is  the  beating  of  eggs;  and 
when  the  work  is  supposed  to  be  thoroughly 
done  in  the  usual  manner,  the  eggs  are  far  from 
being  in  the  best  condition  for  use.  Eggs, 
when  properly  beaten,  should  be 
thoroughly  aerated — a  condition 
which  cannot  be  secured  by  the 
ordinary  spoon  or  knife  process  in 
ten  times  the  space  of  time  in 
which  they  can  be  perfectly  aerated 
by  the  device  herewith  shown.  A 
single  egg,  when  properly  beaten, 
ought  to  fill  a  good  sized  tumbler. 
In  such  condition  two  eggs  will  go 
as  far,  in  making  cake,  etc.,  as 
three  when  beaten  in  the  ordinary 
manner.  Neither  milk  nor  any 
other  liquid  can  be  thoroughly 
mixed  with  eggs  until  they  are 
properly  beaten — reduced  to  a 
perfectly  aerated  mass,  of  uniform 
consistency.  For  bread,  cake  or 
custard  the  air  globules  should  be 
so  finely  divided  as  to  be  barely 
discemable  by  the  naked  eye. 
The  work  can  be  thoroughly  done 
by  this  device  in  from  one-fifth 
to  one-tenth  of  the  time  ordinarily  required. 

Various  devices  have  been  presented  to  the 
public  for  beating  eggs,  but  nothing,  we  think, 
equal  to  the  one  herein  shown.  This,  in  fact, 
is  the  only  aerating  device  ever  made,  and  is 
very  properly  called  the  "Aerating  Egg  Beater." 

This  beater,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to 
the  engraving,  is  simply  a  tin  can  with  a  cone 
bottom  and  a  cone  dasher,  the  lower  portion  of 
the  dasher  being  perforated  with  very  small 
holes,  as  shown.  Under  this  arrangement  the 
upper  portion,  when  forced  down,  fills  with 
air,  which  is  forced  through  the  egg,  thereby 
finely  dividing  and  thoroughly  aerating  the 
mass.  This  useful  little  kitchen  device  can  be 
had  of  "Wiester  &  Co.,  on  New  Montgomery 
street,  in  this  city,  who  are  also  the  authorized 
agents  for  selling  territory  for  the  patent  on  the 
Pacific  Coast. 

Little  Conveniences. — Being  at  the  house 
of  a  farmer  in  the  extreme  western  portion  of 
the  State  not  long  since,  we  opened  the  stable 
door,  which  the  wind  blew  back  upon  us.  Turn- 
ing to  find  something  wherewith  to  fasten  it 
back,  lo !  there  was  a  hasp  and  staple  for  that 
very  purpose!  Only  one  farmer  in  fifty  is 
thus  thoughtful  about  little  matters;  one  in  ten 
perhaps,  would  have  had  a  loose  rock  or  a  prop 
for  this  purpose.  But  how  much  better  is  the 
hasp  and  staple,  always  in  place  and  of  little 
cost.  Glancing  about  the  stable  and  shed,  we 
found  everything  else  in  just  this  neat,  thor- 
ough, perfect  order.  Everything  in  its  place, 
and  there  were  lots  of  little  handy  fixings  and 
conveniences  to  save  steps  or  to  save  work. — 
And  these  are  the  things  that,  summed  up,  give 
dignity  and  importance  and  value  to  life.  It 
is  the  part  of  wisdom  to  provide  them. 

How  to  Make  Bugs. — A  little  western  girl, 
thirteen  years  of  age,  tells  the  Kansas  Farmer 
how  she  made  a  cheap  and  pretty  rug.  She 
says: — I  took  a  piece  of  fine  fence  wire  and  a 
file  and  made  a  crochet  hook.  I  then  got  a 
coffee  sack  and  cut  it  out  square  and  hemmed 
it;  then  I  took  some  cloth  and  tore  it  into  strips 
like  carpet  rags.  I  then  took  my  hook  and  a 
strip  of  cloth,  and  held  the  cloth  on  the  under 
side  and  stuok  the  hook  through  the  carpet 
sack,  catching  the  cloth  and  drawing  it  in  a 
little  loop  on  the  upper  side.  In  my  rug  I  have 
made  a  basket  of  flowers,  and  for  a  border  I 
made  a  row  of  scollops. 

Paksnips. — Boil  with  the  skins  on,  then  peel 
and  cut  in  transverse  slices  and  drop  into  a 
cream  gravy,  in  which  let  them  simmer  on  the 
stove  a  few  minutes. 

Another  way  is  to.  boil  and  mash  them,  and 
moisten  with  milk  or  thin  cream,  or  boil,  peel 
and  set  a  few  moments  in  a  hot  oven  to  brown 
a  little. 

"Warmed-over  Potatoes. — Chop  cold  boiled 
potatoes;  put  them  in  a  dripping-pan,  or  earth- 
en or  stone  baking  dish.  Pour  over  them  a 
gravy,  made  after  the  above  receipt,  and  let 
them  bake  slowly  in  the  oven  an  hour  or  so.  A 
delicious  dish. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.  314   CALIFOEMA    8TKEET, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
8PORTING, 

MINING, 

And    MliA^STirfG 

POWDER, 

-  Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  TITE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 
We  have  Leon  awarded  successively 

Three     Oold    Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for  the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
der can  toe  obtained  on  application  to  onr  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

-AND  — 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1 
2,  8  and  i,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  in  half  kegs,  qr,  kegs,  6  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  hi  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  H 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAEETX  FUSE  {manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal..  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Futje  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

"WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's  Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  StockB. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved, 

Repeating  CarbineB— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines — Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agrent, 
5v24-6m-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


MILL      STONES. 


Portable  Mills,  Eureka  Smut  machines, 
Bran  Dusters,  Dufour  &  Co.'s  Celebrated  Dutch  Anchor 
Bolting  Cloths  and  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

TRAVIS    &.    WAGNER, 

18v24-3m  il  First  street,  San  Francisco. 


SHEET    IROIV    PIPE. 

THE 

Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Seale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  mate  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand-  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

IKy  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 


24v22-3m 


JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 

of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  510  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v24-3m 


May  25,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


331 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 

»  T  A  T  I  ."-i  T  I  O  I  A.  IV. 

Report,  and  estimate*  rocde  .boat  all  department,  nt 

OlliOomaUlM,  and  Mauuioclun:,  uf   tin 

Coaat.  5\-J(-u 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  102  Stockton  street SanFrain 

*/"  Surgical   cases  from  tho  country   received  and 
treated  at  the  Homeopathic  Hospital. 
All  letters  answered  promptly. 


giLSS   B.  OBIT.  JIII1   M.    DATES. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTOllNEYS  A.\D  COUNSELOllS  AT  LAW, 
In  BulMhitfof  Purine  Insurance  Co.,  N.  K.  corner  Cali- 
fornia an  0  Luttkndoril  street*, 
SAN  rKANOICO. 

Spectacles    My   Specialty. 


0.  MULLEIt,  Optician, 
205  Montgomery  Btreet,  Ruas  Block. 


JOHN   ROACH,    Optician, 

429   Montgomery   Street, 

8.  W.  curner  Sacramento. 
Surveying  Iiutuumonia  ma-le,  repaired  and  adjusted 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SAWYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Francisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St..  bet.  First  and  Second, 

2lv23-tf  SACKAilKNTQ. 


WM.   BABTLIKQ. 


□  KHKr  KIMBALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBIlVOEItS, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

.*<*.»  tiny  Btreet,  (southwest  cor.  Sansome), 
I5v.2-Sm  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

©AJV    FRANCISCO 

CORDAG  E__C  OMPANY, 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  longth  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBES  fc  CO.,  Agents, 

2«  .  611  and  (113  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  MisBion  street,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Millwright  Work 
especially  to  tho  erection  of  FLOUR  MILLS,  DISTIL- 
LERIES, olc.     Alao,  Cocking  Mill   and  Steamship  Wheels 

Manufacturers  of  Nash's  Outts  (.irain  Separators.  Build- 
ers of  Improved  Hydraulic  Wine  Presses,  Crape  Stammers 
and  Crushers,  etc.  ]5v23-6m 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL      EIVORA^VER, 

A  M»  LETTER  CUTTER, 

Braaa  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  (los  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    fB.l.Vdsto. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.VAU  BKUNT ..Cashier. 

BANKTNS  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 
MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOB— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortiso  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FKANCISCO. 

25T23-H 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum   Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    :stl     KF.1KX  V    STREET, 
Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  tho  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  8n.vEit.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.  Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos 

GRAND,  SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 


Pianos   to   Let.  Sn^Ttf 

A.    HEYMAN, 

I  Btreet,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
18-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Saoeamemto. 


Hydraulic    Miners,      Attention ! 


If  yon  wish  to  k. «  p  op  with  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR,  These  are  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Fat  flit,  and  infringe  vii  no  othirs. 

Manufactured  uf  unyt-iz.  tn  BOlt,  Are  in  use  under 
all  pn-hMireB,  from  440  (oat  down. 

"WILL  DISCHARGE  FTJLLY  TEN  PEE 
CENT.  MORE  WATER  than  any  other,  under  the 
budi  1  I  mn  nutwn  ran 

A11  Injunction  from  the  U.  8.  District  Court  is  now  in 
forco  tgalnst  HYDUAI'LIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  using 
tlic  same  will  be  duly  prosecuted. 

I  fully  guarantee  my  customers  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  Infringement, 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  k.  CORY,  Marysville;  J.  H.  NASH.Pla- 
corville;  P.  SMITH,  at  Locke  k  Montayue'B  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents);  or  to 

R.  HOSK.IN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Solo  Licensee   and   Manufacturer,   under  Allonwood'a, 

Mascy's,  RIco'h,  Craig's,  and  Hoskin's  Fatvuts. 
WYHtt 

THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROUDSBTJRG,    PA., 

Solo  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emory  Grinders,  Saw  Guimucrs, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $30,  $G0,  $75,   and  $110.     DIAMOND  TURN- 
ING TOOLS,  $15  each. 


SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS. 
From   40   cents   to    $113   each. 

Every  IKON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  "Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 


C.  B. 


BROWN, 

Placerville,  Cal. 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

118  Front  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent  Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam,  and  Petroleum.  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hoso,  Conducting  H06Q,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Bolting,  Packing, 

Valves,   Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

.Buckets. 

J.  "W.  TAYLOR,  Ag-ent. 


12v53-3m 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 

PATTERNS     AND     IMCOX>EIL<©, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratfs  Brass  Foundry) . 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.     En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  6v23-3m 


Eastern  Advertisements. 


CRAIG    &    BREVOORTS 

Patent     Condenser     for     Steam 

PUMPS,    Jfce. 


NO.    1. 

Tho  annexed  engravings  represent  a  Condenser  in- 
tended to  bo  attached  to  the  ordinary  steam  pump, 
thereby  bringing  it  within  tho  class  of  low  pressure,  or 
more  properly  speaking,  of  condensing  engines;  the 
steam,  when  it  has  done  its  work  in  tho  cylinder,  in- 
stead of  being  exhausted  into  the  atmosphere,  is  con- 
ducted to  tho  condenser,  on  its  entry  into  which,  it 
meets  the  water  drawn  by  the  puinp,  and  is  immedi- 
ately condensed. 

Tho  Cut  No.  1  represents  a  vertical  section  of  the 
Condenser,  and  No.  2  an  elevation. 

Tho  flange  D  is  boltod  to  the  suction  orifice  of  tho 
pump,  and  the  fliingo  S  to  the  pipe  leading  to  the  well* 
or  whatever  sourco  of  supply  tho  pump  may  have;  \V  is 
a  water  jacket  surrounding  the  main  chamber  of  the 
condenser,  B,  and  with  which  tho  suction  pipe,  8,  com- 
municates, permitting  a  freo  circulation  of  water  within 
the  jacket  and  into  the  hollow  cover  or  top  through  the 
series  of  openings,  one  of  which  is  shown  at  A,  and 
from  thence  into  the  body  of  Condenser,  B,  through 
pipe  P,  carried  by  float  F;  tho  pipe  P  also  acts  autom- 
atically as  a  valvo  to  enlarge  or  contract  tho  space 
through  which  the  water  enters  it,  by  which  means  the 
possibility  of  the  condenBer  being  at  any  time  flooded  is 
avoided.  Tho  pipe  P,  it  will  he  observed,  also  acts  as 
guide  to  float  F. 

Tho  valve,  C,  (shown  in  Cut  No.  1),  which  Is  raised  or 
lowered  by  means  of  scrowed  Btem — shown  coming 
through  elbow  in  Cut  No.  2— is  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing or  decreasing  the  flow  of  water  according  to 
the  capacity  of  tho  pump  to  which  it  is  attached. 


The  exhaust  pipo  from  steam  cylinder  is  screwed  into 
cover  at  E;  the  exhaust  steam  is  thus  thrown  directly 
into  contact  with  the  water  entering  the  condenser  on 
its  way  to  water  cylinder  of  pump  through  D.  A 
vacuum  being  of  course  immediately  formed,  acts  on 
the  exhaust  side  of  tho  steam  piston,  aiding  it  in  its 
work.  If  at  any  time  it  is  desirable  to  run  the  pump 
without  the  condenser,  it  is  only  necessary  to  turn  the 
three-way  cock,  which  is  placed  in  the  exhaust  pipe 
into  such  a  position  as  to  cause  the  steam  cylinder  to 
exhaust  into  the  atmosphere;  when  this  is  done  tho 
punip  is  perfectly  free  from  the  condenser,  and  acts  as 
if  it  were  not  attached.  This  condenser  is  specially 
useful  for  pumps  running  in  mines,  or  any  other  po- 
sition where  trouble  is  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the 
exhaust  steam.    Address  H.  L.  BREVOORT, 

6v*23eowly  128  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped    Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Ztyl        THQ.2  Fit/.  3  TigA 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs, Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stono, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


IfcEMIIN  GtTOTV  SJS 

BREECH-LOADING 

Sporting,    Hunting,    and   Target    Rifles. 

Same  system  as  the  "  Remington"  Celebrated  Military 
Rifle,  of  which  over  half  a  million  have  been  sold.  Its 
simplicity  unsurpassed.  For  strength  and  durability 
unequalled.  In  accuracy  nnrivalled.  In  range,  pene- 
tration, and  ease  of  manipulation,  without  comparison. 

The  "Sportsman's"  Delight,  tho  "Hunter's"  Favorite, 
the  "  Target- Shooter's"  Pride.    Also 

REVOLVERS  FOR  HOUSE  USE. 

In  these  days  of  thieves  and  Burglaries,  every  house- 
holder should  have  a  revolver  for  home  protection. 
REMINGTON'S  RIFLE  OANE. 

Every  gentleman  should  have  one  for  protection 
against  dogs  and  rowdies,  and  for  field  use. 

E.  REMINGTON  &  SONS, 

19v24-Gin  193  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y 

MICROSCOPES. 

Illustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Mag-ic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  iUustrated,   sent   free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York 

3v23-ly 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 

ftUUnnuOTUBBBS    OK 

U.     S.     STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 
IVORY    RULES. 


ALSO  EXOLUSrVE    MANUFACTURERS  OF 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  tho  Combination  Rule,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  tho  vory  best  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood, 
heavily  bound  with  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

Tho  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  bo  tested  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  tho  aid  of  a  small  screw-driver,  hut 
this  is  seldom  required. 

In  its  application  as  a  Slopo  Level  it  is  especially 
adapted  for  Miners'  use,  as  it  shows  the  pitch  to  the 
Foot,  and  deohek  of  inclination  at  once.  It  is  six 
inches  long  when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-oighths  inches  thick,  the  cut  being  just  one- 
fourth  size. 

"  By  the  use  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  can  always  have  in  his  pocket 
the  tuost  valuable  of  his  apparatus  used  in  construction, 
combined  in  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form."— Sci- 
entific American. 

Price  bo  mail,  prepaid,  $4  For  agents'  terms,  address 
STEPHENS    &    CO., 

18v24-3m  Riverton,  Conn. 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad   Co. , 


OFFICE,  42  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


By  this  invention,  one  man,  with  one  horse  and  five 
care,  does  the  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horses  and  ten  carts. 


Hig-hly  Approved  by  all  who  Use  Them. 
CARS    AND     TRACKS     FOR    SALE    OR    TO    LET. 
Samples  at  tho  ofllce.    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Sale. 

19v24eow;im 


H    &    L    AXLE    GREASE. 


The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  othorB, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  years,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  tho 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Far  beyond  the  reach   of  any  who  have  hut  recently 
gone  into    tho    business;    and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  bo  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 
LOW    A    KATE 

As  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBE.RT 
Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliablo 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the  H  & 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  L 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v24-eowr 


To    Parties    About    Building. 

C=^rr^         A    person    who    is 
:j^p==^    competent  to    prepare 

^=='ff"$c= i'-i  ""     plans  and  tuke   churgo 

—-■'■      '  -        jjiFJF---—    of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings.Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural   improvements, 
will    make    favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
:  Hashnd  full  experience 
■  f^  on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure    good    satisfac- 
EDW.    W.    TIEPT, 
No.  626  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco 


RICHARD  H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 

City    and    County    Siu-veyor. 

Office— Room  16,  City  Hall.  Ilv24-3m 


332 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  25,  1872. 


HINT^    FAR      "We  will  sand  on  receipt  of  stamp  for 
mil  IO    rUfl   postage,  FREE,  our  52-page  Circular, 
containing  112  Illustrated  Mechani-   I  Ml/C  MTflRSi 
calMovements;adigestofPATENT   1 W  »  t  II  I  UnUi 

LAWS ;  information  how  to  obtain  patents,  and  about  the 
rightBand  privileges  of  inventors  and  patentees;  list  of 
Goverment  fees,  practical  hints,  etc.,  etc  Address  DEWEY 
&  CO.,  Publishers  and  Patent  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


State  "University.— The  next  term  of  the  Prepara 
tory  Department  -will  begin  April  20th,  1872. 

The  course  oi  study  embraces  the  Ancient  and  the 
Modern  Languages  and  the  higher  Mathematics,  and  is 
specially  adapted  to  the  University  curriculum. 

Terms,  $12  a  term.  GEORGE  TAIT,  Oakland. 

13v3bp-tf 


$6  to  §20  per  Day  and  no  Risk.— Do  you  want  a  situ- 
ation as  salesman  at  or  near  home  to  introduce  our  new 
7- strand  White  Wire  Clothes  Lines,  to  last  forever. 
Don't  miBS  this  chance.  Sample  Free.  Address  Hud- 
son River  Wire  Works,  75  William  street,  N.  Y.,  or  1 
Dearborn  street,  Chicago,  111.  23vl-12mbp 

Ladies  Desiring  to  Prooube  a  First-Class  Sewing 
Machine  against  easy  monthly  installments  may  apply 
to  No.  294  Bowery,  157  E.  26th,  477  9th  Ave.,  New  York 
Good  work  at  high  prices  if  desired.  21vl-12mbp 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 

If  you  want  pictures  or  fine  frames,  cheap,  send  to 
Sanbom,  Vail  &  Co.,  31  Kearny  street,  S.  F.      18v24-3ni 


.a.  new  book. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and 

Metallurgists'  Companion. 

Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Va- 
rious   Departments    of    Exploration, 
Mining,  Engineering,  Assaying, 
and  Metallurgy. 
Containing1  640  Pages  and  81  Engraving's. 
BX  J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Of   San  Francisco,  a  Practical  Operator  for  Thirty-four 

Years ;  Explorer,  and  Resident  in  the  Pacific  States 

and  Territories  for  the  past  Six  Years. 

PRICE,  bound  in  cloth,  $10  {in  coin  or  its  equivalent) . 
In  leather,  $12.  Postage,  50  cents  extra.  Address  all 
orders  (wholesale  or  retail)  to 

DEWEY   &   CO., 

gcientific  Press,  338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


LEA.    &    PERRINS' 

CELEBRATED 

Worcestershire    Sauce. 

Declared  by  Connois- 
seurs to  be  the  only  good 
,  Sauce  The  success  of 
this  most  delicious  and 
unrivalled  Condiment 
having  caused  certain 
dealers  to  apply  the 
name  of  "Worcestershire  Sauce"  to  their 
own  inferior  compounds,  the  public  is 
'  hereby  informed  that  the  only  way  to 
secure  the  genuine  is  to  ask  for  Lea  & 
Perrins'  Sauce,  and  see  that  their 
names  are  upon  the  -wrapper,  labels, 
stopper  and  bottle. 

Some  of  the  foreign  markets  having 
been  supplied  with  a  spurious  "Worcester- 
shire sauce,  upon  the  wrapper  and  labels 
of  which  the  names  of  Lea  and  Perrins  have  been 
forged,  L.  and  P.  give  notice  that  they  have  furnished 
their  correspondents  with  power  of  attorney  to  take  in- 
stant proceedings  against  manufacturers  and  vendors  of 
such,  or  any  other  imitations  by  which  their  right  may 
be  infringed. 

Ask  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  name  on 
wrapper,  label,  bottle  and  stopper 

Wholesale  and  for  export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worces- 
ter; Crosse  &  Blackwell,  London,  &c,  &c,  and  by 
Grocers  and  Oilmen  universally.  15v24-eow-tf 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  moat  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directlj 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows! 

The  pan  being  tilled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  ii  to  the  center,  where  it 
paBses  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  tho  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  esaminethese  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


Price  Per  Copt. .15  Cents  |  Ankual  Subsceipticn..$10 

SAN    FRANCISC0~~NEWS    LETTER 

AND  CALIFORNIA.  ADVERTISER. 

Devoted  to  tlis  Leading  Interests   of  California  and  the  Pacific 

Coast. 

The  News  Letter  is  the  most  reliable  organ  representing 
the  moneyed  and  substantial  interests  of  the  Oily  and 
State;  its  Banking,  Real  Estate,  Commerce,  Insurance, 
Mining  and  other  Stocks.  It  reflects  the  times  as  they 
pass; men,  manners,  literature,  theatricals  and  follies.  It 
is  piquant  and  pungent  by  turns— wise,  witty,  grave,  gay, 
lively  and  Bevere;  the  mentor,  whip  and  mirror  of  the 
town.  Sold  by  all  Booksellers  and  News  Agents  through- 
out the  world. 

Office— 6^3  Montgomery  street,  opposite  Montgomery 
Block.  Also,  Offiues  of  the  "China  Mail,"  "  Mail  Bag/' 
"  City  Index  and  Purchaser's  Guide,"  etc.  18v24-tf 


Wffl.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  "Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


BUY  BARBER'S   BIT   BRACE. 


PATENT     AUTOMATIC    STEAM 

Patented    May    17, 


VACUUM    PUMP. 

1870. 


Manufactured    by   HANSCONI   &   CO.,    Etna    Iron    Works, 

SEND  FOK  CIBCUIAR.  SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


21v2J-lamB-lamr 


Wheelwrights   and    Blacksmiths,   Attention ! 

TIRE    UP_SETTEE! 

The  Only  Successful  One  Yet. 
HUGHESr~PATENT. 

We  call  attention  to  the  following  Certificates  from 
parties  who  have  used  our  Machines,  and  CHALLENGE 
COMPARISON,  side  by  side,  with  any  other  Upsetter, 
EITHER  FOR  LIGHT  OR  HEAVY  WORK. 

Extracts  from  Testimonials. 

We  have  had  a  Hughes  Improved  Tire  Upsetter  in  use  for 
about  three  years,  and  in  all  that  time  have  found  it  a  most 
valuable  Machine  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  intend- 
ed. It  is  strong,  not  liable  to  get  out  of  repair,  upsets  the 
tire  well  without  making  any  bulge  to  be  hammered  out,  and 
without  disfiguring  the  tire  in  any  way.  It  is  quickly  adjust- 
ed to  any  size  of  tire,  and  entirely  does  away  with  any  neces- 
sity for  cutting  and  welding.  *  *  We  give  it  aheartyrecom- 
mendatioii  to  others  in  the  Wagon  and  Wheelwright,  or 
Blacksmith  business,  and  feel  that  we  cannot  speak  too 
warmly  in  its  favor.    It  is  a  first-rate  success, 

Yours,  very  truly,  SAUL  &  CO., 

Nos.  7  and  9  Powell  street,  San  Franoisco. 

Stockton,  March  16, 1872.— This  is  to  certify  that  we  have 
used  the  Hughes  Tire  Upsetting  Machine  for  three  years,  and 
can  recommend  it  as  a  first-rate  Machine  for  fitting  lieavy 
Tires.  WM.  P.  MILLER. 

We  also  refer  to  John  Duptjt,  528  Broadway  St..  S.  F.; 
Beilnhaicd  Gallagher,  222  Mission  st„  S.  F;  Kimball  & 
Co.,  cor.  Fourth  and  Bryant  sts.,  S.  F.;  Larkin  &  Co.,  631 
Howard  St.,  S.  F. ;  T.  D.  Lamer,  N  E.  cor.  Seventeenth  and 
Valencia  sts.,  S.  F.;  Cunningham  &  Parker,  (SJ,  MB  and  658 
IN  POSITION.  Howard  St.,  S.  F. 

With  this  Machine  two  men  can  upset  the  heaviest  Tire  in  a  few  seconds  after  the  Tire  is  heated.  The 
strength  of  a  child  is  enough  to  operate  it.    There  are  no  nuts,  bolts,  or  screws  about  it  to  break. 

PRICE  $50  GOLD  COIN",  delivered  in  San  Francisco,  ready  for  use  or  transportation.  If  the  Machine 
is  found  not  to  do  its  work  well,  we  will  refund  the  price. 

CUTTER    &    CO.( 

Sole  Proprietors  and  Agents  for  all  the  States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Office  and  Address— 410  Kearny  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  21v3-bpsa 


For 

Steam  Pipes 
&  Boilers, 


SAVES  25  PER  CENT.  OF  FUEL— An  item  worth 
looking  after.  Also,  Steam  Governors,  Tube  Scrapers, 
Steam  Pumps,  Self-Oilers,  Cylinder  Cups,  Belting, 
Lacing,  Hose,  Fuse,  Packing,  etc.,  including  all  kinds 
Miners',  Engineers'  and  Millmen's  Supplies,  at  the  Ma- 
chinery and  Supply  D«pot  of  TREADWELL  &  CO.;  old 
stand,  Market  street,  head  of  Front,  San  Francisco. 
13v24eow 


Hflmp, 

Soapstone 

and 

Rubber 


Steam  Packing 


THE  GARDNER  GOVERNORS,  STEAM  AND  WATER 
Gauges,  Tube  Scrapers,  Cyjinder  Cups  and  Self-Oilers, 
Boiler  Felt,  Leather  Belting,  Lace  Leather,  Linen  and 
Rubber  Hose,  Belt  Hooks  and  Studs,  Sheet  Packing,  and 
a  general  stock  of  Engineers'  and  Mill  Supplies,  at  the- 
Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  of  TREADWELL  &  CO., 
old  stand,  corner  Market  and  Fremont  street,  San 
Franeisco.  13v24-eow 


"  Clear    as    Crystal." 


PEBBLES  ARE  MADE  from  Rock  Crystal  cut 
in  slices  and  ground  convex,  concave  or  periscopic,  for 
Spectacles.  In  Europe  and  in  the  Eastern  States  they 
are  superceding  glass. 

Among  the  advantages  they  have  over  glaSB  are,  that 
being  susceptible  of  the  HIGHEST  POLISH,  they  trans- 
mit more  rays  of  light,  nothing  having  more  transpa- 
rency. 

They  are  COOLER  to  the  Eyes— a  very  important  gain. 

They  are  much  harder  than  glass,  and  DO  NOT 
SCRATCH. 

The  best  quality  of  Crystal  is  found  in  Scotland  and 
the  Brazils,  and  is  manufactured  into  lenses  by  the  best 
workmen  in  England  and  France,  for 

Thomas   Houseworth   &    Co., 

OPTICIANS, 

No.  9  Montgomery  street,  Lick  House, 

Where  they  can  be  obtained,  already  fitted,  in  frames, 
or  may  be  fitted  to  order. 
Persons  sending  their  Spectacles  can  have  Pebbles 
inserted  of  the  same  grade  as  their  glasses. 

Illustrated  Circular  for  style  of  frames  sent  to  any  ad- 
dress free. 
f&~  Pebbles  sold  as  such  by  us,  are  Warranted. 
15v3awbp3m 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  International  Exlii 
hibition  o(  1862  awnrded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold 
Medal  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San 
Francisco. 

REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMB.TERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  tho 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  5v24-3amslamrly 


THE    FREAR    STONE    COMPANY 

OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Office,    638    Market    Street. 

OFFICERS: 
James  Gamble,  i       L.  A.  Booth, 

President.       i  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE:       . 
N.W.  Spaulding,  George  C.   Potter,  N.  P.  Pebtnk. 

This  Company  will  contract  to  furnish  or  put  up  the 
heaviest,  strongest  and  most  elaborate  and  elegant  Fire- 
proof Stone  Fronts,  of  any  design,  and  every  Btyle  of 
Plain  and  Ornamental  Door  and  Window  Caps,  Key- 
stones, Sills,  Water  Tables,  Coping  Ashlars,  Plain  and 
Ornamental  Stone  Work  of  every  description.  Fire- 
proof Buildings  and  Bank  VaultB,  Cemetery  Work,  Curb- 
ing Stones,  Fountains,  etc.,  all  at  prices  far  below  native 
cut  stone,  and  equal,  in  all  respects,  as  to  strength  and 
durability. 

Architects  and  Builders,  before  letting  their  contracts 
for  Stone  Work,  are  requested  to  call  at  the  office  of  this 
Company,  and  examine  certificates,  specimens  and  pho- 
tographs of  buildings  already  constructed  of  Frear  Stone 
in  Chicago  and  other  Eastern  cities. 

For  further  information  apply  to  N.  P.  FERINE,  638 
Market  street.  [19v24-3m 


VAN  "WINKLE  &  DAVENPORT, 

IMPORTERS   AND   DEALERS   IN 

Iron,    Steel    and    Heavy    Hardware, 

CUMBERLAND     COAL, 

Axles,    Spring-s,    Blacksmith's   Tools,   Etc., 

Removed  from  Sacramento  to 

Nos.  413  and  415  Market  Btreet,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

I.  S.  VAN  WXNKLE.  21v24-ly  C.  W.  DAVENPORT, 


PRICE    REDUCED. 

A   Manual    of    Practical   Assaying. 

By  John  Mitchell,  F.  C.  S. 

THIRD    EDITION. 

Edited  by  William  Crooees,  F.  R.  S. 

1    vol,,    8    voM    764    pages,    cloth,    510. 

D.  VAN  NOSTRAND,  Publisher  and  Importer, 

23   Murray  street,    and  27  Warren  street,  Now  York. 

=V  Sent  free  by  mail  on  receipt  of  prlee. 
mall-2t 


ALL    KINDS    OF 

Office    Desks    and    Book    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  by 
JOHNSON  &  BEST, 
No .  311  Pine  street,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bank, 
18v24-6m  Ban  Francisco. 


May  25,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


333 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


'1'  time  necomry  to  maUOke  prtfrnt  largt  tlitium  of  the 
Sir.ujt-  Pro—  km  ttn  <Mig*d  to  go  to  prt**  on  Thmrttlty  nm- 
ifjf—tehicX  U  th<  rery  tatttt  hour  ire  am  reeeite  wi 


Ingomar  Silver  Mining  Company.— Loca- 

ti< hi  of  Works:  Ely  Mining  District,  Lincoln  County, 
Nevada. 

HOBOU.—  There  are  delinquent  upon   the  following 

1  itook,  on  locoont  of  hnomnutni  (N<>.  ij  tsrlra 

im  the  —pond  day  of  April,  UFtt,  the  levonU  imoanta 

set  opposite  tlie  names   of  the   nSpOOUTO   Shaxehuldtrrs 
an  follow*: 

Namt-K.         No.  Certificate.     No.  Shares.      Ain't. 

Adams,  L  s 18  2U0  f  mi  00 

Cavallier,  J  P,  TnutM Jl7  loo  25  00 

Cavalller,  J  I'.  Trustee 381  100  Mf  00 

Cavallier,  J  1',  TnutM 28fl  100  25  00 

CavalU.r.  J  P.  Trustee           138  100  25  00 

cavniM.-r,  .1  i'.  Tnutaa W5              50  12  50 

Cavallnr.   1  P,                        ...941                   60  12  .'rt) 

Cavalier,  -J  J-.  TruitM MS                 60  IS  B0 

Cavalll.r                               _'H  80  12  5U 

Cavallli  r,  .1  I'.  TriUtM 2S]  60  19  BO 

Cavallier.  J  1'.  Triihi,.                                      50  12  60 

Cath.-art.  AD,  Trustee 179                   9S  I  SB 

Charlia.  H  a,  Trustee j',-7                 50  13  50 

Church,  11  0 600  135  00 

Chun  h,  Hi:   W  lot)  25  00 

Church.  H  C ltfi  100  2J  ihi 

Church,  HC Iu5  100  25  00 

Church,  H  C loo  100  SB  uo 

Church,  a  G 108  luo  9B  w 

Church,  HO ill  50  12  50 

Onurch.  ho 112  60  12  so 

Eaton,  WL 2Q0                 60  19  BO 

Kent,  lib'.  Trustee 0U0  25  tl  26 

Neal,  Cha8   S,    Trustee y  250  63  50 

Heal,  due  B,  Trustee 10  250  62  fio 

Neal,    Cluia  S,  Trustee 11  250  «2  60 

Real,  Qhaa  S,  Tnutaa 14  mi  25  00 

Neal,   Chan  S,  Trustee s.i  U00  75  00 

Neal,  Chas  s,  Trustee 88  260  62  50 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee M  100  25  00 

Neal,    Chas  s,  Trust..- 88  100  25  00 

Neal,   chus  Bj  Trustee 36  100  25  00 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee ;17  100  25  00 

Neal.    ChaS  S,  Truster 89  60  12  BO 

N-al,   (lias  H,  Trustee   42  25  C  25 

Neal.  Chas  B,  Trustee 85  100  25  00 

Heal,   Chas  B,  Trustee 80  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chad  S,  Trustee 87  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chta  S.  Trustee 80  20  6  00 

Neal,  Chas  S.  Trustee 92  10  2  50 

Neal,    Oiias  S,  Trustee '.'4  10  2  50 

Neal,    Cbaa  S,  Trustee 131  100  25  00 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 188  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 130  100  25  00 

Neal,  choa  a,  Trustee 137  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chan  S,  Trustee 142  100  25  00 

Neal.  Chas  S,  Trustee 143  100  25  00 

Neal.   Chas  S,  Trustee 149  100  25  00 

Noal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 150  100  25  00 

Neal,   Chaa  S,  Trustee 151  1U0  25  00 

Neal.   Cbaa  S,  Trustee 152  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 154  100  25  00 

Noal,  Ohas  B,  Trustee 156  100  25  00 

Neal.   Chas  S,  Trustee 172  25  6  25 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 183  100  25  00 

N.al.    Chas  B,  Trustee 186  100  25  00 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 189  200  50  00 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 192  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 194  100  25  00 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 200  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 209                 10  2  50 

Neal.  Chas  S,  Trustee 224  200  50  00 

Neal,    Chas  a.  Trustee 225  200  50  00 

Neal,   Chas  S,  Trustee 226  200  50  00 

Neal,  Chas  S,  Trustee 228  100  25  00 

Neal,   Cbaa  S,  Trustee 229  100  25  00 

Neal,  Cbaa  S,  Trustee 2ttl  100  ,  25  00 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 232  100  25  00 

Neal,   Cbaa  S,  Trustee 233    .  100     '  25  00 

Neal,    Chus  8,  Trustee 234  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Truatee 235  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chaa  S,  Truatee 236          "     100  25  00 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Trustee 250  200  50  00 

Neal.  Chas  8.  TrUBteo 254  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chaa  8,  Trustee 257  100  25  00 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 258  100  25  00 

Neal,    Cbaa  S,  Truatee 259  100  25  00 

Neal,   Chaa  S,  Trustee 260  100  25  00 

Neal,   Chaa  9,  Trustee 261                 50  12  60 

Neal,   Chaa  8,  .Trustee 268  100  25  00 

Neal,   Chas  8,  Truatee 260                 50  12  50 

Neal,   Chaa  S,  Trustee 296                 50  12  50 

Neal,  Chas  8,  Trustee 302                 50  12  50 

Neal,   Chas  8.  Truatee 329                 50  12  50 

Perry,  John,  Jr,  Trustee 175                 50  12  60 

Richardson,  E  A,  Trustee 300                 25  6  25 

Sleeper.  George,  Trustee 170  300  75  00 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 284                 60  12  50 

Sidea,  B  F,  Trustee 285  100  25  00 

Sides,  B  F,  Truatee 286  100  25  00 

SideB,  B  F,  Trustee 310                 40  10  00 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 311                 40  10  00 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 312                 40  10  00 

Sides.  B  F,  Trustee 314                 40  10  00 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 315                 10  2  50 

Sidea,  B  F,  Trustee 316                 10  2  50 

Sides,  B  F.  Trustee 318                 10  2  50 

Sides,  B  F,  Truatee 319                 10  2  50 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 320                 10  2  50 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 321                 10  2  50 

Sidea,  B  F,  Trustee 322                 10  2  00 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 323                 10  2  50 

Sidea,  B  F,  Trustee 324                 10  2  50 

Sides,  B  F,  Trustee 339                 65  16  25 

Sidea,  B  F,  Trustee 340                 35  8  75 

Sloan,  H  H 118                 50  12  50 

Sloan,  HH 123                 20  5  00 

Sloan,  H  H 124                 20  6  00 

Sloan,  H  H 125                 20  5  00 

Sloan,  H  H 127                 20  5  00 

Tibbey,  E  8,  Trustee 223                 25  6  25 

Uhler,  J  Clem,  Truatee 290  600  125  00 

Ubler,  J  Clem,  TruBtee 292  500  125  00 

Uhler,  J  Clem,  Truatee 293  500  125  00 

Uhler,  J  Clem,  Trustee 294  100  25  00 

Ubler,  J  Clem,  Trustee 325  100  25  00 

"Wiedcrhold,  C 63  100  25  00 

Wiederhold,  C 64                 60  12  50 

Wiederhold,  C 66                 25  6  25 

Wiederhold,  C 69                 10  2  50 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Truateea,  made  on  the  second  day  of  April, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  he  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office 
of  the  Company,  Room  21,  Hayward'B  Building,  419  Cali- 
fornia street,  on  Friday,  the  thirty-first  day  of  May,  1872, 
at  the  hour  of  one  o'clock,  p.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said 
delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

CHAS.  S.  NEAL,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  No  2,  Hayward's  Building,  419  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California. 


Stockholders'  Meeting.— -A  meeting  of 

the  Stockholder  of  the  Silver  Cord  Mining  Company, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  will  be  held  at  the  office  of  the 
company,  418  California  street,  on  Monday,  the  27th 
day  of  May,  1872,  at  3  o'clock,  for  the  election  of  Trus- 
tees for  the  ensuing  year,  and  for  the  transaction  of  any 
other  general  business. 

"W.  J.  WILLIAMS,  Secretary. 
nil8-2t  Per  order  of  the  President. 


Alleghany  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 

P*nj<— Location  of  work*.  Alteehanr.   Bli 
X.nn.-f  is  hereta  given,  tnstftl  ■  meetfnjrof  the  Board  of 
Tro»t«e*o(rini  (•Iii,|mii>.  held  00  Ihewthdaj    ol    April. 
mi  <.f  tweet?  (.-in-  per  snare  wm  levied 


1*72,  an  asaesani' 

Ui">n   the  capital  et 


upjii>,    |i.i\j!ik-    nun 


s     ■     arj.  at  hi 
.    ■.        -.;    ■  1 

■took  on  which  said  assessment  »l 
third  dav  uf   June,  1879,    shall  ba 

will  be  duly  advertised  for  Bale,  at  paella   auction,  and 
unless  payment  tihall  be  made  before,  w  ill  be  iold 
iU).   the  Jlth  day   of    June,  UTTt   to   pay    the    di 
assessment,  together*  ith  ooata  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  sale.     By  order  of  the  Board  ol  Tl  "    '■  I 

.1.  M.   HI  II  in<;tun.  S,, ■-.  , 
Office.  No.  37     1  third   Hour),  New  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  street.  San  Ptmi  inu4*IL 


Eagle   Quicksilver  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Santa  Barbara  County,  California. 
Notice  i*  hereby  if  1  von  that  at  a  meet  ink  oi  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said   company,    held    on    (he   *lh   daj    ol   May, 
1872,  an  assessment  of  *W  per  ahur.     was   levied   Upon   the 
mines  01  said  company,  payable  iinturitat.-h    in   gold   QOta 
alted  States,  ti<  the  Secretary  etbuomoe,  room 
\  Nil.  3u.'  Montgomery  street,  Son  Fnuioisoo,  California. 

Any  shares  upon  which  said  asnebHinent  ahull  remain  'm- 
paiL., on  Thursday,  July    llUi.  18711,    shall  !"■    deemed  dellrj 

qoent,  and  will  be  dolj  advertised  <m  Saturday,  Job  13th, 
isi'j,  lor  vale  at  pnbllo auction,  and  anleaa  pu  msnl  wall  bo 

made  before.  «  ill  be  sold  on  Monday,  1  ii-'  1  Hi  day  ..f  July, 
187/,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  togel  her  with  oosu 
of  advertising  uix  I  expeiiBea  m  sale,  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  uraateea,  Wat.  H.  WATSON.  Beorotary, 

ouliM-Kuoin  5.  No.  3tfJ  Montgomery  Btreet,  San  Francis- 
co California.  ma.ll. 


Kincaid  Flat  Mining  Company—Location 

of  works,  Tuolumne  County,  State  Ol  California. 
Notice  if.  hereby  given,  thai  ut  *  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustee!!  of  naid  eouipuuy    held  un  the  '2Jd  day  of  April,  Wi, 

an  ,:-■■■■   in.  1, '  of  Three  Doll 


the capital  flock  of  tuiid  c 


per  ■hare  ».l^  lei  fed  upon 
pony,  payable  Immediately,  in 


United  States  gold  und  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  bin 
othco,  No.  220Olay  street,  San  Erancisoo,  Cal.  Am  itook 
upon  wbieh  said  assessment  nhall  remain  unpaid  on  the 
'Jith  day  of  May,  IMVi,  shall  hi.)  deemed  delinquent ,  nnd  will 
be  duly  advertised  for  sale  ul   public  auction,  and   unless 

Payment  shall  bo  umde  be  ton',  will  be  nohl  mi  M lay,  1  In- 
ith  day  of  June,  IH72,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
totgothorwith  co-t3  of  advert! Bing  mid  expenses  of  sale.  By 
ordor  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

H.  II    CORNELL.  Secretary. 
Office,  No.  220  Cloy  street,  San  Frunciaco,  Cal.    »p27-4w 


Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company— Lo- 

cation   of    works,    Muynurd     Mining    District,    Mohuve 

County,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notico  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  suid  company,  held  on  tbo '18th  day  of  May,  1872, 
an  assessment  of  Ten  Cents  per  nliarn  was  levied  upou  the 
capital  stock  of  said  Companv,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  olltce  of  the 
company,  Koom  3,  No.  -11!)  California  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 
Caliiornia.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Tuesday,  the  24th  day  of  June,  187iJ, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  und  unless  payment  shall  bo  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  Iftth  day  of  July,  liiTi.to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  costs  of 
advertising  und  expenses  of  suio.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Truateea.  T.  W.  CULBU11N.  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  419  Culifornia  Btreet,  San  .Francisco, 
California.  my25-td 


Mt.  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany.— Location  of  works,  First  Garote,  Tuolumne 
county,  California. 

Notice.— There  aro  delinqnent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  as6ehsuient  (No.  two  (2) 
levied  on  the  third  {3}  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1S72,  the  sev- 
eral amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  tho  respective 
shareholders  as  follows  : 

Names.  No  Certificate.    No.  Shares.       Am't- 

Creamer,  J.  M 63  75  $22  50 

Galloway,  W.  T.,Trustee,C0  60  15  00 

Lewis.  L.  J.,  Trustee 60  100  30  00 

Lewis,  L.  J.,  Trustee 57  75  22  50 

Lewis,  L.  J.,  Tiustee U4  25  7  50 

LewiB,  L.  J.,  Trustee 65  125  37  50 

Martin  ^  Lane 12  200  60  00 

.Richardson,  E.  A.,  Tr....l6  1380  414  00 

Itichardson,  E.  A.,  Tr  ...18  200  60  00 

Kichardson,  E.  A.  Tr 19  200  60  00 

Uichardson,  E.  A.  Tr 20  200  00  00 

Richardson,  E,  A.  Tr 21  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A .  Tr 22  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 23  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E  A.  Tr 24  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 25  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E,  A.  Tr 26  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 27  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 28  50  15  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 29  30  9  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 34  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 30  100  30  00 

RicharJson,  E.  A.  Tr 38  100  30  00 

Richardson,  E.  A.  Tr 46  300  90  00 

Shattuck,  D.  D 65  13150  3945  00 

Shattuck,  D.  D 62  150  45  00 

Stiles,  A.  G 9  500  150  00 

Stiles,  A.  G 42  1130  339  00 

Woolsey,  E.W 10  100  30  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  tho 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  third  day  of  April,  1872, 
so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of 
the  Company,  on  the  twenty-second  daj  of  May,  1872, 
at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  P.  M,,  of  said  day.  to  pay  said 
Delinquent  Assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  St.,  Room  No.  2.  mall-3t 

Mt.  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany— POSTPONEMENT.— The  sale  of  delinquent  stock 
on  the  above  assessment  is  hereby  postponed  until 
Wednesday,  the  29th  day  of  May,  a.d.  1872,  at  2  p.  M., 
at  office  of  company.  By  order  of  tho  Board  of  Trustees. 
mal8-2t  J.  W.  OLARK,  Secretary. 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works,  Auburn  Distnot,  Placor   county.  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Nofcioe  ia  hereby  Given,  that  ata  meeting  of  tho  Trustees 
of  aaidcompany,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  May,  187'.;,  an  assess- 
ment of  20  cents  porshuro  was  levied  upon  llie  capital  -took 
of  said  company,  payable  Immediately  in  United  States 
gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  company, at  the 
office  of  the  company.  No.  320  California  street,  room  No. 
•>,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment,  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Monday,  the  10th  day  of  June,  lti~,2,  shall  he  deem- 
ed delinquent,  and  will  ho  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will 
be  sold  on  Monday  the  first  day  of  July,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  with  coat,  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  the  sale.  GEO.  R.  SPINNEY.  Secretary. 
mall-It  No.  320  California  St  ,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Office  of  the  Silver  Sprout  Mining  Com- 

pany—  San  Francisco.  April  29,  1872. 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Silver  Sprout  Mining  Com- 
pany, held  this  day,  a  special  meeting  of  the  stockholders 
of  said  company  is  hereby  culled,  the  same  to  bo  held  at 
the  office  of  the  company,  No.  318  California  street  (Room 
No.  1,  second  floor),  San  brancisco,  California,  on  Monday, 
the  3d  day  of  June,  1872,  at  1  o'clock  P.  m.;  to  take  into 
consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition  to  increase 
the  capital  stock  of  said  company,  from  three  million  five 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  divided  into  five  thousand 
shares,  of  the  par  value  of  seven  hundred  dollars  each  (the 
present  capital  stock),  to  five  million  dollars,  divided  into 
fifty  thousand  shares,  of  the  pur  value  ol  one  hundred  dol- 
lars each.  NATHAN  I  fL  PAGE,  1 

A.  WINGARD.  }  Trustees. 

ma4-4t  B.  F.  TUTTLE,  ) 


Ophir  Copper.  Silver  and   G.   M.   Com- 

d  ol  Works,  Ophir,  Placer  County,  Cal. 

■  at   upon  the  following 

■■  stuck,  on  ecoonnl  ol  usessmenl  levied  on  the 

set  oppo. 

1  ■■  Uve  Hbwreholders  as  follows: 

No,  O  rtiflcato.    Mo,  Shares.    Amount. 

*"'  "•  U  W 25  <  LE  00 

Chas,  F 342  1%  4  50 

341  290  182  00 

Bruab.BG 222  100  00  00 

B  G 'jhu  so  b'J  00 

1    8 980  30  18  00 

Hriihh.  Kd 'ixi  co  go  00 

Brush,  BG 240  38  22  80 

Brush,  K  G :^H  62  37  20 

Brush,  it  a 291  go  uo  ou 

B 232  30  18  00 

Bnudt,  B£rs.  E. ui5  50  30  00 

BuflOPd,  H  L 315J$                     6J4  3  30 

Huuui,  Chas 31tJ  lim  60  00 

Brush,  it  c.  Trustee 820  100  00  00 

Brush,  B  ii.  Tin:  1      i  ,1  go  30  00 

Everson,  Wallace 33s  200  120  00 

.  'as.  R 289  UO  GO  00 

Garnlss,  Jas.  B 337  411  24  00 

Hinckley,  Goo,  B :m  60  30  oo 

Kip,  Jr.  W  1 837  600  300  00 

U«  'J      0   211  25  lo  no 

Purily,  ti  W 216  CU  30  00 

Quade,  A 2W9  100  go  00 

Reynolds,  W  U 210  10  11  40 

1         '      Geo  l' 324  25  15  40 

Bwsin,  BO 70  137  82  20 

Bwaln,  11  C 80  137  82  20 

Swain,  H  C 288  200  120  00 

Bwaln,  H  0 246  loo  60  00 

Swum,  H  0 294  60  30  00 

Swain.  H  C 295  50  30  00 

Swain.  H  C 296  20  12  00 

Swain,  H  C 303  50  30  00 

Swain,  II  C 318  60  30  00 

Swam.  H  C 310  50  30  00 

Swain,  H  0 320  60  30  00 

Swain.  II  C 326  50  30  00 

Swain,  H  C 327  00  3ft  00 

Swam,  II  C 341)  23$  1  60 

Swain, WB 11  5  3  00 

Swam.  WB 10  6  3  00 

Staokpole  Thos 335  25  15  00 

Wlghtman  James —  400  240  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  18th  day  of  March,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the 
office  of  John  Middleton  k  Co.,  No.  310  Montgomery 
Street,  on  tho  17th  day  of  May,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  1 
o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale. 

R.  G.  BRUSH,  Secretary. 

Office:  N.  E.  Cor.  Sansonie  and  Halleck  Streets.  En- 
trance on  Halleck  Street.  opr27-3w 

Ophir  Copper,  Silver  and  G.  M.  Com- 
pany—postponement.— The  above  wile  is  hereby 

postponed  until  Monday,  May  27th,  at  the  same  hour 
and  place.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
m25-lt  R.  G.  BRUSH,  Secretary. 

Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Piermont  Mining  District,  "White 
Pine  County,  Nevada. 

Kotice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  Block,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  3)  levied 
on  the  lUth  day  of  April,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
follows : 
Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Briggs,  Charles  A 15  583?a  $233.33 

Briggs,  Charles  A 47  111  44.40 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 21  1000  400.00 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 23  1000  400.00 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 41  381  152.40 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1872, 
so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  on  the  19th  day  of  June,  1872,  at  the  hour 
of  2  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.     m25 


San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mining  Com- 
pany.— Location  of  Works,  Little  Cottonwood  Mining 
District,  Utah  Territory. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  asseBsment(No,  ljlevied 
on  the  13th  day  of  April,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
follows: 
Names  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Brommer  Diederick 48  "  3000  $750  00 

Moroney,  Paul 5  3000  '  750  00 

Retieker,  Chaa 8  3000  750  00 

Seaman,  LaFayetto 7  3000  750  00 

Selby,  T.  H 4  3000  750  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  a  supplementary 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  30th  day  of 
April,  1872,  so  mauy  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock 
as  may  be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at 
the  office  of  said  company,  on  the  10th  day  of  June, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  pty 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretory. 
Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco. 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company-— Location 

of  works.  White  Pine  Mining  District,  White  Pine 
county,  Nevada. 

Notice: — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment,  No.  8,  levied 
on  the  10th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1872,  tho  several 
amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificates.    No.  Shares.        Am't. 

Burton,  W  H,  Trustee...  .352  210  $100  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee 376  10  5  00 

Barton.  W  H,  Trustee 490  50  25  00 

Breed,  H  L,  Trustee 394  20  10  00 

Cope,  Geo  W,  Trustee 508  100  50  00 

Crocker,  J  H,  Trustee 402  100  60  00 

Crocker,  J  H,  TruBtee 493  50  25  00 

Holmes,  H  J, 511  447  223  50 

Lovcland.LF,  Trustee.  .217  50  25  00 

Pomeroy.EB, 474  200  100  00 

Richardson,  E  A,  Trustee.. 429  100  50  00 

Richardson, EA,Trustee„430  100  50  00 

Richardson,  EA,Trustee..47l  100  50  00 

Richardson,  E A,  Trusteo..450  150  75  00 

Richardson  EA, Trustee. .486  80  40  00 

Richardson,  E A, Trustee.. 496  50  25  00 

White,  Jas  T, 399  12  6  00 

Wroods,  F  H,  Trustee 375  22  11  00 

Woods,  F  H.  Trustee 434  10  5  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
said  Company,  on  Thursday,  the  13th  day  of  June,  A.  D. 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  OLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  St.,  Room  102,  San  Francisco, 
California.  mal8-4t. 


Silver  Sprout  Mining  Company— Location 

of   works    and    mine,  Kenrsarge   District,   Inyo  County, 

State  ol  California. 

Nottoe  is herehi  given,  thai  .11  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Comjiam.  heloMin  the  ^tli  day  of  April. 
iM'.',  an  assessment  m  Bfy  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  1  ipil  1  itook  of  said  Company,  payable  immediate))  in 
1  olted  States  eold  coin,  to  the  OBoreury,  at  the  oiHco  of 
1  In  I  knnpany.  Boom  No.  I,  second  floor,  31*  California  si,, 
S.  P.,  Any  Stock  QDOD  whieh  said  USeSSment  tdi&ll  remain 
unpaid  on  the  llr>t  Jay  of  Juno,  1ST.',  shall  he  deemed  delin- 
Tji  ut,  iiinl  will  h.' duly  advertised  for  sale  at  puhlic  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  bi*  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  'J.'d  day  of  June,  l^T^.to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  ooate  of  advertising  and  expen- 
ses of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Hoard  of  Trustees. 

nial-it  T.  B.  WINGABD   Secretary. 

Office,  Koom  No.  1,  second  lloor,  No.  did  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Stockholders  Notice— Office  of  the  Tecum- 

seh  Gold.  Silver  and  Copper  Mining  Company.  San  Frau- 

OtSOO,  May  lith,  ISIS. 

In  accordance  with  a  Resolution  ndopted  at  a  meet  int.-  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Teonmseh  (.iold.  Silver  and  Copper 
Mining  Company,  held  this  day,  u  ep«cial  meeting  of  tho 
stockholders  of  said  Company  IB  hereby  called,  the  same 
to  be  held  at  B.  BAagrlsoh's  Hall.  S.  W.  cor.  of  Kearny  and 
Clay  Si-..,  (ippusi  e  the  I'U/a.  S.m  Francisco.  Oil.,  on  Wed- 
nesday, the  l:'th  day  of  dune  A.  D.  IS72.  at  2  o'clock  P.  M.. 
to  lake  into  consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition 
totnCiMM  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company  from  one 
hundred  fifty-throo  thousand  und  live  hundred  dollars, 
divided  1uI<im\  hundred  and  fourteen  shares  of  two  Hun- 
dred tifty  dollars  each,  the  presenl  capital  of  theCom- 
pany,  to  bhn  0  millions  of  dollars,  to  be  divided  into  thirty 
thousand  shares  of  oue'huii.lred  dollars  each. 

j. Til   111:1. mki;n,      i 

J,  F.G.  BGGEBS, 
JACOB  HAHN, 
P.  SCHUMACHER, 


Trustees. 


Stockholders  Meeting.— Office  of  the  Sil- 

vor  Sprout  Mining  Company,  No.  3 IK  Culifornia  street,  San 

Francisco  May  23,  IHT2. 

Notice  la  hereby  given  that  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
stockholders  in  the  above  named  company  will  be  held  ut 
their  office.  No.  31S  Cabforniu  street.  (Room  No.  1,  second 
floor,)  San  Francisco,  on  Tuesday,  the  26th  day  of  dune, 
1872,  at  tho  hour  of  1  o'clock  r.  M. 

may'J5-tt  T.  B.  WINGARD,  Secretary. 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Min- 

ing  Company. —Location  of  works,  Gopher  District,  Cal- 
averas County,  1  aliiomia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  '24th  day  of 
April,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Five  ($.r>.l>0)  dollars  per 
share  was  lovied  upon  the  capital  stuck  of  said  Company, 
payable  immediately,  in  United  Slates  gold  and  silver  coin, 
to  the  Socretary,  F.  ,J.  Herrmann,  at  the  office  of  the  com- 
pany, No.  634  Washington  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on 
the  29th  day  of  May.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  bo  made  before,  will  be 
sold  on  Monday,  the  Pith  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
line  uont  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

F.  J.  HERRMANN.  Secretary. 
Office,  fi34  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal .    Office 
hours  from  11  a.  m.  to  2  r.  M. mal-4t 

Union  Gold   Mining   Company. —Location 

of  works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  6)  levied 
on  the  11th  day  of  April,  1872,  tho  several  amountB  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  shares.    Amount. 

Mahoney,  Denis 46  100  $100.00 

Hahoney,  Denis 47  50  50.00 

Mahoney,  Denis 62  75  75.00 

Maboney,  Denis G3  100  100.00 

Austin.  A.  C 05  15  15.00 

Hale,  William  F 129  60  60.00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  11th  day  of  April, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  bo  sold  at  public  auction  at  the 
office  of  tho  Company,  Boom  No.  22,  Merchants'  Ex- 
change Building,  California  street,  San  FranciBCO,  Cali- 
fornia, on  Monday  the  ad  day  of  June,  1872,  at  the  hour 
of  1  o'clock,  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale. 

ALFRED  K.  DURBROW  Secretary. 
Office— Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building, 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California.         myl8-3t 

Washington    Mining   Company— Location 

of  works  and  mines,  Mariposa  County,  State  of  Cal. 

Notice  is  hereby  KJven,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  May, 
1872,  an  assessment  of  S3  per  share  was  levied  up  tho  capi- 
tal stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  und  silver  coin,  to  the  Secreiary  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  No.  31H  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  11th  day  of  June.  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  2!lth  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  delin- 
qnent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  B.  WINGARD,  Secretary. 

Office— Room  No.  1,  Bocond  floor  of  No.  318  California 
Btreet,  San  Francisco.  ma.11-4 

Woodland    Gold    Mining    Company— Lo- 

cation  of  works,  West  Point  Mining  District,  Calaveras 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  en  the  21>t  day  of  May,  872, 
anasseesment  of  12,'i  oents  per  share  was  levied  upon  tho 
capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of 
tho  compauv.  Room  64,  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any  stock  upon  which 
said  assessment  shall  reinaiu  unpaid  on  the  25th  day  of 
June,  1872,  shall  bo  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly 
advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  16th  day 
of  July,  1872,  to  pay  tho  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  .'■-ale.  By  order  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees.  F.  MADGE,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  64  Merchants'  Exchange,  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  California.  may26-td 


■  Treadwell^Co 


"THEHOADLEY"  is  the  Perfection  of  the  Portable 
Engine.  For  sale,  with  or  without  wheels,  at  Ma- 
chinery Depot  of  TREADWELL&CO.,  Market,  head  of 
Front  street,  San  Francisco.  14v24  eowbp 


Important    to    31iiici-s. 

FRET'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  address 
WATERS  &■  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
16v24-3m 


334 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  25,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABLISHED    1851. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First;  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

IKA    P.    RASKIN,  A.P.BBATTOK, 

CEO.  W.  FOGG,  Superintendent. 

t$teamGngiues  andBoilers, 

MAB1NE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
•rices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

1&~  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Jtpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  SODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

■ANUFAOTUEERS    OF 

8  T  K  A.  M    ENGINES, 
Quartz*    Flour    and    ©aw   Millie, 

Hayes'  Improved   Steam  Pump*  Brodle'a  Im- 
proved     Crusher,      Mining     Pnmpi, 
Amalgamators,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street.  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109    and    111    Mission    Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say:— 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QTJABTZ    JIACHINEKT 
rx'lntlng    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting'B  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  lor 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  A0TUBEB   Aim   30L£  AGENT  FOB 

Pracy's    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTURERS  Or 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILiERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

'Jhtnbnr**  Patent  Self-Ad  lasting  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street*  between  N  and  O  streets* 

fUfJRAKKHTO  ClTT 


PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,   CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manulacture  of 

RAILROAD   AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AMD  — 

Every  Variety  of  HHu  (ting:, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 

Htenmboat    Shafts*  Cranks*    PI -ton    and    Con- 

nectlnir  Rods,  Car  and  Locomotive  Axles 

and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

W  Orders   addressed  to     PACIFIC    ROLLING     MILL 
JJMPANY   Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,wlll      ceive  ' 
prompt  attention 

*3-  Tbe  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vU3m 


if 


ROOT'S   PATENT  FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY   BLOWER, 

MANrjTACTUItED  AT  THE 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First   Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition.— Patented  November  1, 1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent. 

Iea3   i  ower    than   any 

Blower     now 


[Sectional  view  showing  the  pistons  and  gearing.] 


in  use. 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  he  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foun- 
dry, San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Worts,  Sao- 
raniento;  and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron, 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho r s e-P ower  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

*'mI  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

steam:  pumps. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GUPEARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

STEAM    TRA.I*. 

Surface   Condensers. 

DAVID"  STODDART, 

114  BBA1E  STREET,  S.  P. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

F.  I.  CTJKKY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  'Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
SOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    RISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  of  Beale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors : 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 

OCCIDENTAL  FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  St.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 
STEIGEB  &TBOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  malting  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 

Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folaom,  San  Fkancisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  k  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEXDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILlT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating:  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.     Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
6v24~3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street,  opposite  Aflnna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Atx  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Mcta 
Oastlngs,  Braas  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds.  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Wails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges, Ship  and  Steamboat  Bellsand 
(Jongs  of  superior  tone.  All  klndsof Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
iraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
iS-  PRICES  MODERATE.  -€* 
J.   H.  WEED'  V.  KINGWELL. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 

Cor.    E'irst   and    JMOLssloxi   ©ts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  bIzq. 

Irrigating-    Pumps.     Steam   Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J.BOOTH.  GEO. W. PRESCOTT.  IRVING  M.SOOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


SAJN    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUPACTTmEES  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

Machine  Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUREKA      FOTJJVBRY , 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 
San  Francisco. 

LI&HT  AND  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  aU  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-lb.  Can  Press  for  $C5;   Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15,  etc.  13v24-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE    HIGHEST    PREMIUM 

Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  tho 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  tho  engine;  glaBS 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rods  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rin^s  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enterthecup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 

Dership  heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


May  25,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


335 


PACIFIC      BRIDGE      COMPANY, 


Fiv.l 


t  757 

WORKS    NEAR    SOUTH    POINT    MILL,    BERRY    STREET.    SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Are  Prepared,  with  Superior  Machinery,  to  Manufacture  and  Build  all  kinds  of  Bridges  on  Smith's,  Howe's,  and  other  Improved 

Plans.     Framing  of  all  kinds  done  by  Machinery. 


Tin-  Smith  Bridges  have  been  thoroughly  tested  in  the  East  for  Threo  Years,  ami  wherever  tried  have  proved  superior  to  any  other 
Bridge  in  the  following  points  : 

Being  hiiilt  <if  wood  entirely,  they  nro  not  affected  by  change  of  temperature. 

The  timber  used  is  placed  so  directly  in  the  line  of  strain,  that  less  material  is  required  to  support  the  same  load. 

It  is  not  perceptibly  affected  by  shrinkage.    It  is  the  most  Economical  Bridge  built.     It  is  adapted  to  any  practicable  Length  or  Span. 

Plans,  Specifications  and  Terms  will  be  sent  to  any  County,  Township  or  Person  wishing  to  build  a  Bridge,  and  no  charge  made  unless  the 
Plan  is  used.     For  all  Public  Bridges  the  Plan  will  always  bo  open  to  competition. 

Smith's  celebrated  CAST  IKON  PIEB,  economical,  and  adapted  to  heavy  currents,  built  at  low  rates. 

C.  H.  GORRIXL,  Secretary.  W.     H.    GORBILL,    Pi-esitlont. 


MOLDIflO,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 


SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  Railroad,  Oar,  and  Agri- 
cultural Shops,  Etc.,  Etc 
sy  Superior  to  any  in  use 

J.   A.   FAY  &   CO., 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS     OF 


"WOOD-WORKING   MACHINERY, 
3003  Chestnut  Btreet  (West  end  CheBtnut  street  Bridge) 

PHILADELPHIA. 

■y  Woodwortb  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


THEODORE   KALXENBERG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Dies, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.        19v23-3m 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
UOILEK,      MAKER.)* 

AND  GENERAL,  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  at.  between  Fremont  and  Beale.  San  PranclKf  o. 


FISHER'S 
KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AMD 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 

Cheapest  and    Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 


MA0HINE3 

Manufactured 

TO  OEDEE, 

to    throw    from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

stream:. 


The  only  reliablo  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  -who  protects  his  patrons. 
9v23-tf  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


HTDRATJLIO  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE— I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  & 
J.  Craig  and  Richard  Huskin,  as  the  same  is  an  infringement  upon  the  invention  of  the  machine  known  as  FISH- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Dec.  20,  1870.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ham. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

ny  Send  tor  Circulars.  13v24-3m 


OA.i.IDWIEI.Ij'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  tho  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  116  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v24-3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 


NEDSOIV    &  DOBLE, 

agbnts  for 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Sledges,    Hummer*,    Stone    Cotter*',    Black 

smiths'  »nil  Horse-Shoers'  Tool*. 

13  and  IS  Fremont  atreet,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
tOvlior 


Notice. 

TJ.  S.  Patent  Office,  ■Washington,  D.  C,  April  16th, 
1872.— On  the  petition  of  Charles  P.  Stanford,  of  San 
Francisco,  Cal: — Praying  for  the  extension  of  a  patent 
granted  to  him  on  the  27th  day  of  July,  1858,  for  an  im- 
provement in  Feeding  Quartz,  etc.,  to  Machines  for 
Crushing  and  Grinding  the  same. 

It  is  ordered  that  the  testimony  in  the  case  he  closed 
on  the  25th  day  of  June  next,  that  the  time  for  filing 
arguments  and  the  Examiner's  report  be  limited  to  the 
5th  day  of  July  next,  and  that  said  petition  be  heard  on 
the  10th  day  of  July  next. 

Any  person  may  oppose  this  extension. 

mll-3t  M.  D.  LEGGETT,  Commissioner. 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST   PREMIUM 
American  Institute,  1867  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MANUFAOTTJEER 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-Acting 

Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED    IN      ENGLAND,     BELGIUM     AND 
FRANCE.      SEND  FOE  CIBCULAB. 


The   Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 


BEST     IN     USE! 


Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
304  Battery  Btreet,  Sail  Francisco,  Cal. 
S^"  Send  for  Circular,  13v24.3nl 


California  File  Hanuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  het.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
KEAFEBAN9  MOWER  SECTIONS,  IS ARS 
AM)  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  METER  &  CO., 

COM  MISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

Oil  all  kind,  of  Ore.,  and  particular  atlvnllai 
PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  QOOBS. 

IvuJ-Sm 


'     LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

■i-l   MontK«mery  St.  ii|»  nluli-«. 

Particular  attention  Riven  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores. 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Prodndtu,  Mineral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practl- 
cal  Instruction  in  Assaying.  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3ui 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer  ami  Metallurgical 

CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil    Commercial    Street, 

{Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mintv. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  7v21-3m 


«T.  W.  THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  &  Co..) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  aitcnlion  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  OKDEns  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v2-l-6m 

CALIFORNIA  ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    SIS    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Fbancisoo, 

J.    A.    WARS,    Assayer. 
&y  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  eto.       10v2Q 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

Richardson  &  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  years  established 
in  Swansea  as  Atfonts  forthe  preparation.  Sampling,  Assay- 
ing, and  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Gold.  Lead,  Zinc,  and  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  for  which  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  under  cover,  1,000  feet  of  tiuay  Front- 
ace  within  the  Floating  Dock,  and  the  most  commote  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  against  Ores  in  anticipation  of  realization,  and  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  17v21-ly 


Q.  W.  STRONG.  W.  L.  STRONG 

G.   W.   STRONG   &.   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 


We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  eto.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,'  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Eto. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H. M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  ZlyLS 


10HN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS    OF    AND    DEALERS     IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,  ETC., 
512  'find  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Wo  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  Hlork  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
tho  first  discovery  of  mines  on  tho  Paciile  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balnnces — L.  Oertliugs,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  k  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Pcorifl- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  'or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  and  Covers — 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assaycrs'  Hard- 
ware- a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chcml 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  harB,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
B3"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  b  00. 


333 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  25,  1872. 


-egr**"*  *  Co-© 

Scientific  Press 


Our  TJ.  S.  ani>  Foreign  Patent  Agency  presents 
many  and  important  advantages  as  a  Home  Agency  over 
all  others  by  reasons  of  long  establisnment,  great  expe- 
rience, thorough  system,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  subjects  of  inventions  in  our  own  community. 
All  worthy  inventions  patented  through  our  Agency  will 
have  the  benefit  of  an  illustration  or  a  description  in  the 
Scientific  Press,  We  transact  every  branch  of  Patent 
ousiness,  and  obtain  Patents  in  all  civilized  countries. 
The  large  majority  of  TJ.  S  and  Foreign  Patents  granted 
to  inventors  on  the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  obtained 
through  our  Agency.  "We  can  give  the  best  and  most 
reliable  advice  as  to  the  patentability  of  new  inventions. 
Advice  and  Ctrculars  free.  Out  prices  are  as  low  as 
any  first-class  agencies  in  the  Eastern  States,  while  our 
advantages  for  Pacific  Coast  inventors  are  far  superior. 

Engraving  on  Wood,  of  every  liind,  for  illustrating 
machinery,  buildings,  trade  circulars,  labels,  plain  or  in 
colors,  designed  and  cut  in  the  best  style  of  the  art  by 
experts  in  our  own  office.    Also,  engraving  on  metals. 

DEWEY  &   CO., 

FablUherR,  Patent  A-cents.  and  Engravers* 

No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Ca 


OISE   DOLLAR   A.  YEAR 


PACIFIC   COAST 

MBtttjty    ghttt01|. 

This  is  a  new  16-poge  monthly  newspaper,  of  special  in- 
formation for  wholesale  and  retail  tradesmen.  It  will  also 
contain  reading  of  interest  and  importance  to  all  business 
and  professional  men  on  the  coast. 

OUR  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 
Will  comprise  Full  Prices  Current  and  Monthly  Review  of 
the  Wholesale  Markets;  DiiiRrams  of  the  Fluctuations  of 
the  Produce  Markets;  Rates  of  Freight  and  Passenger 
Fares— corrected  monthly;  illustrations  and  Sketches  of 
Prominent  Men  and  Buildings;  Editorials  on  Manufactur- 
ing and  Industrial  Progress;  Departments  containing  ap- 
propriate reading  matter  and  reviews  for  various  branches 
of  trade, including "C+rocery  and  Provision;"  "Dry  Goods;" 
"Trades  and  Manufactures,"  etc.,  etc. 

Our  first  issue  for  May  consists  of  24  pages,  embracing 
FORTY-FIVE  COLUMNS  of  important  reading  matter- 
mostly  original  and  by  first-clasB  writers.  Sample  copies, 
post  paid,  10  cts.  Yearly  subscription,  in  advance,  $1.  Sub- 
scribers to  the  Scientific  Press  or  the  Pacific  Rural 
Press  will  be  supplied  at  half  price. 

Published  by  MURRAY,  DEWEY  &  CO., 
At  the  Publishing  Office  of  the  Scientific  PresB  and  Pacific 

Rural  Press,  San  Francisco. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  Nl.  E.,  £" 

Exa-niner  of  Mines,  Consulting1  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSATER  AND  METALLURGIST,       ^' 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  (a 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  —I 
lurgists'  Companion."  (The  very  Comprehensive  £J 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  ,£ 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "Prospector's  Wee  Pet  3- 
ASBaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  ;-»- 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

W.  E.  LOOMIS, 

$4  00 

3  00 

5  00 

6  00 
15  no 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  Btreets, 

SUPPLIES    AT.T, 

All  the  Year  Round.  . 

London  Til.  News. 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THB 

Year,  Month,  or  Number 

A     Blake's     Crusher 

FOR    SALE    CHEAP. 

One  of  Blake's  Patent  Ore  Crashers,  size  8x10,  second- 
h  and  and  in  perfect  order,  is  offered  for  sale  cheap.  Also, 

A  STEAM  ENGINE, 

8x16,  and  another6xl2,  second-hand  and  in  good  order. 
Also, 

A   New    Mining    Pump, 

6-inch  bore  and  C-feet  stroke,  double  acting. 
All  of  the  above  will  be  sold  at  good  bargains  by 

J.    HENDY, 
21v24tf  No.  82  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


$1,000 


(TtETWAItlM  For  any  case  of 
Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
Piles  that  JL>e  JBinj*-'w  JPlle 
M.©m.*scly  fails  to  cure.  It  is  pre- 
pared expressly  to  cure  tho  Piles  and  nothingelae.  Sold  by 
all  Druggists.    Price  $1.00. 

O.  F.  Richabdb  A.  Co.,  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  Sansome 
streets,  San  Francisco,  OaL 


KNOWLES'   PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Extract     from     Official     Kepoi't     of     Mocla.a.iiics*     lixstltut©     Fair     of     San 

ITraxicis.co,      18yi. 

"  In  the  foregoing  trials  it  appears  that  the  most  efficient  Pump  on  exhibition  is  the  KNOWLES.  The  work- 
manship on  this  Pump  is  also  very  good.  We  would  therefore  recommend  that  this  Pump  receive  a  Silver  Medal. 
(Diploma  awarded) .    Signed  by  the  Committee  : 


3-awbp 


G.  W.  DICKIE, 
CHAS.  R.  STEIGER, 


W.  EPPELSHEIMER, 


H.  B.  ANG-EIX, 
MELVILLE  ATWOOD." 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


WE    BUILD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE  LARGEST  STOCK   OF   PUMPS   IN   THE  WORLD, 

And  for  Eyery  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

No   9  First  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand. 


3v24-eow-bp 


BLAKE'S     PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  Exh  Hon  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  San  Francisco 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMP.— This  Pump  yielded  the  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  as 
compared  with  its  measured  capacity,  i  he  valves  are  of  brass,  and  well  arranged.  The  steam  valves  are  well 
arranged  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  fast  or  Plow. 

We  recommend  that  a  Medal  he  awarded  to  it,  as  THE  BEST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  Silver  Medal, 
tho  first  premium.]  (Signed)  JAS.    SPIERS, 

WM.    H.    BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  lasl)  Industrial  Exhibition  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING  PUMP.— This  is  an  excellent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty,  We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.     (Signed  by  the  Committee.) 

G.  W.  DIUKIE,  H.  B.  ANGEL,  CHAS.  R.    STEIGER, 

W.  EPPELSHEIMER,  MELVILLE    ATWOOD. 

[No  other  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST  Mechanics'  Exhi- 
bition, all  oilier  assertions  to  the  contrary  notw-iUistanding.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump  was  the  only  Pump  of  any  kind 
whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM  (highest  aWard  to  pumps)  at  the  last  Exhibition,  for 
which  we  are  also  selling  agentB. — See  oj}icial  Report  of  Qie  above  Committee.] 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  committee  of  live  of  the  most 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast  (as  above  named) ,  showed  that  the  Blake  Pump  gave  8G  per  cent,  of 
utilized  power,  while  otherB  gave  but  CO  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in  economy. 

The  Blake  Pump  is  the  ONLY  Steam  Pump  that  EVEB  BECEIVED 
A  SIL  FEB  MEDAL  at  any  Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  ever  held 
in  San  Francisco  or  California 

8£7~  A  complete  Block  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of  the  Agents, 

TREADWELL     &.    CO., 
Market  Street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Fkanoisco. 


THE     TRUTH! 

A.  L.  FISH,  Agent  Knowles'  Steam  Pump — Dear  Sir:  In  answer  to  your  inquiries, 
■we  state  that  the  highest  award  for  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  or  last  Mechanics' 
Fair  in  San  Francisco,  was  a  First  Premium  and  Diploma,  awarded  to  the  Knowles' 
Patent  Steam  Pump,  as  published  in  the  Official  List  September  23d,  1871. 

A.  S.  HALLIDIE,  President  Board  of  Managers. 

W.  H.  Williams,  Sec'y  Board  of  Managers  Eighth  Industrial  Exhibition,  M.  I. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  rognlar 

GIA.NT    POWDER,  A.   NO.    J3    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 
BAJVlt     BLASTING,     COAL     MIIVES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROCK    IS    NOT    VERY     HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  aa  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

'  3?rice.    SO  Cents  per    Found.. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  yery  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NXELSEN  &  CO., 
20v22-3mlGp  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


W.  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MAHDTA0XUKEI18  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

'CA.8TINOS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN  AM)  ,  AND  BELLS,  GO\US, 
FIRE   ENGINES,  FORGE  AND   LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocke,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

B^Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GABEATT,  JAMES  HILLMAN,  W.  T.  IJTTLE. 

N.  W.  SPATJLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


jf \^f\ 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANTJFACTUBER  OF* 

SPAUL  DING'K 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in   every  respect  j 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICK 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prjces. 


Fulled 
KAWHIDB 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  HOTTER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Feancisco. 


FRANCIS    SMITH  &   CO., 

MarrujExetuirers    o± 

HYDRAULIC     PIPE, 

— AND— 

Artesian  Well  Pipe — All  Sizes. 


Having  the  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  we  canjmakeit 
an  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO  CONTRACT  WITH"  US  FOB 

SHEET    IRON     FIFE. 


All  "Work  Guaranteed. 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  ,San  Francisco. 

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WHELPLEY    &    STORER, 

General    Pulverizing    Mill, 

Main  Street,  between  Howard  and  Folsoin, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

For  Crushing  and  Sampling  Ores, 

Pulverization  of  Foundry  Facings,   Sa]t,  Ores,  Paint 
Stuffs,  Cement,  or  any  Material  whatever. 

A  SPECIAL  DEPARTMENT 
For  Drugs,   Chemicals  and  Spices. 

Materials  Pulverized  to  any  degree  of  fineness 
required. 

8^~  Office  at  Mill,  or  430  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 
ml8-2w 


Purchasers  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


BY    DEWJSY    Ac    CO. 
Pafont    Solicitors. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  1,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 

:NniiiW<-r    23. 


The  Uauks'  Puddler— Unexpected  Diffi- 
culty. 

A  practical  trial  of  the  Dunks'  Puddling  Fur- 
nace was  lately  mado  in  England,  nnder  the 
immodiate  supervision  of  tho  Iron  Master's 
Council,  in  which  the  machine,  after  several 
trials,  received  tho  goneral  approval  of  the 
Council,  while  all  doubt  of  its  success,  if  any 
existed,  was  finally  removed.  One  or  two  gen- 
tlemen expressed  some  doubt  as  to  whether  the 
machine  would  be  ablo  to  produce  iron  of  the 
quality  required  for  tho  finest  of  tho  Stafford- 
shire brands  of  manufacture  ;  but  it  was  freely 
admitted  that  there  was  no  doubt  about  its  be- 
ing perfectly  fitted  for  a  large  part  of  even  6uch 
exceptional  work  ;  while  for  the  production  of 
iron  generally,  it  was  all  that  could  be  desired. 
All  this  gratifying  approval,  however,  was 
soon  after  suddenly  chilled  by  the  information 
conveyed  to  Mr.  Danks  that  the  iron  masters 
had  been  examining  into  tho  validity  of  his  pa- 
tent, and  found  that  it  was  invalid  ;  but  the 
eosons  upon  which  their  opinion  was  based 
were  not  revealed.  The  supposition,  however, 
is  that  the  conclusion  was  reached  that  there 
was  a  lack  of  novelty  in  the  machine,  which 
would  be  fatal  to  the  stability  of  the  patent. 
How  such  an  opinion  could  be  arrived  at  m  the 
face  of  the  universally  admitted  fact  that  no  oth- 
er inventor  had  been  able  to  reach  any  practical 
degree  of  success,  it  is  difficult  to  understand. 
The  iron  masters  notified  Mr.  Danks  that  in 
consequence  of  this  conclusion  they  had  decid- 
ed not  to  ratify  the  preliminary  agreement,  in 
which  it  promised  to  pay  the  inventor  $250,000 
for  tho  privilege  of  building  200  of  his  furnaces, 
but  that  they  would  graciously  consider  his 
case  and  secure  him  such  award  for  his  inven- 
tion as  he  might  be  morally  entitled  to  at  the 
hand  of  the  associated  iron  interest,  which 
would  be  so  largely  benefited  by  the  practical 
volue  which  his  genius  had  added  to  the  inven- 
tions of  others. 

The  committee,  in  return,  were  politely  as- 
sured by  Mr.  Danks,  that  in  case  their  declara- 
tion was  persisted  in  he  should  take  active 
measures  to  secure  his  rights  against  all  in- 
fringers, and  that  any  subsequent  arrangement 
with  the  iron  masters  would  have  to  be 
made  on  a  different  and  less  favorable  basis 
than  the  one  which  they  proposed  to  repudiate. 
There  appears  to  be  a  very  general  feeling 
among  the  masses  of  even  the  iron  men,  that 
injustice  is  intended  towards  the  inventor,  and 
the  wish  is  freely  expressed  that  he  may  finally 
receive  a  full  and  ample  reward  for  the  great 
benefit  which  must  certainly  accrue  from  this 
important  invention.  All  inventors  wiust  cer- 
tainly wish  him  the  fullest  success  in  the  con- 
test which  thus  seems  to  be  precipitated  upon 
him  in  the  very  hour  of  his  success. 

The  first  Coal  ever  mined  in  the  Uni- 
ted States  was  dug  up  near  Bichmond, 
Virginia.  Bituminous  coal  was  mined 
there  as  early  as  1700,  and  in  1775  was  ex- 
tensively used  in  the  vicinity.  During 
the  revolution  a  Bichmond  foundry  em- 
ployed this  coal  in  making  shot  and  shell 
for  the  use  of  the  Continental  forces. 


Hungerford's  Improved  Water  Wheel. '    Figure  1,  is  a  side  sectional  view,  and 

figure  2,  a  plan.     A,  is  the  central  shaft  to 

This  invention  is  intended  to  provide  an!  which  the  wheel,  B,  is   secured,  and  C  is 
improvement  in  turbine   or   other   water- '  the  outer  inclosing  case,  water   being  ad- 


Professor  Albert  Hopkins,  Professor 
of  Natural  Sciences  at  Williams  College, 
Mass.,  died  on  the  24th  ult.  He  was  the 
brother  of  President  Hopkins,  who  re- 
cently resigned  his  position  in  that  insti- 
tution, and  was  well  known  in  the  scien- 
tific world. 


FIG.  1— HUNGERFORD'S  IMPROVED 
wheels,  and  consists  in  a  novel  arrange- 
ment of  one  or  more  adjustable  gates, 
through   which  water  is  admitted  to  the 


WATER    WHEEL— SECTIONAL    VIEW. 

mitted  through  the  passage,  D.  E  is  a 
circular  disk  or  plate,  extending  around 
the  journal  of  the  shaft,  A,  and  forming 


FIG.    2— PLAN     OF    WHEEL. 


wheel.  These  gates  are  curved  and  can  be 
operated  by  a  screw  rod  and  nut  so  as  to 
regulate  the  amount  of  water  admitted  to 
the  wheel,  according  to  the  amount  of  fall 
of  water  and  the  power  required  to  be 
exerted  by  the  wheel, 


the  upper  side  of  the  chamber  or  case  in 
which  the  wheel,  3,  revolves.  The  sides 
of  the  case  are  formed  by  adjustable  curv- 
ed gates,  F,  which  in  the  present  case  are 
three  in  number,  as  shown.  These  gates 
are  formed  in  a  curve,  commencing  at  the 


outer  or  movable  end,  and  drawing  gradual- 
ly nearer  to  the  wheel  until  at  the  extreme 
inner  end  they  are  secured  by  a  lug,  or  ear, 
a,  to  the  top  and  bottom  of  the  case,  so  as 
to  keep  its  extremity  to  its  place  at  all 
times. 

The  outer  or  movable  end.,  of  these 
gates  has  a  motion  about  the  pivot,  a,  in 
their  adjustment,  so  as  to  allow  their  mov- 
able ends  to  be  brought  nearer  to,  or 
further  from,  the  periphery  of  the  wheel. 
The  outer  end  of  each  gate  is  cylindrical  in 
form,  as  at  G.  In  order  to  open  or  close 
the  gates,  a  screw  rod,  /,  passes  from  each 
gate  to  the  outside  of  the  casing,  and  a 
suitable  nut,  H,  operates  the  rod,  thus 
moving  the  gate  as  shown. 

The  operation  will  be  as  follows:  water 
being  let  in  through  the  supply  passage, 
D,  will  rush  in  through  the  passages 
formed  by  the  position  of  the  curved  gates, 
F,  and  striking  the  wheel  will  cause  it  to 
turn. 

These  adjustable  gates  are  employed  to 
contract  or  enlarge  the  water  passage  lead- 
ing to  the  wheel,  according  to  the  head  or 
fall  of  water  to  be  obtained,  as  by  reducing 
the  size  of  the  water  passages,  and  conse- 
quently the  amount  of  water  admitted  to 
the  wheel,  in  proportion  as  the  highth  of 
fall  is  increased,  the  power  of  any  given 
amount  of  water  can  be  proportionately 
increased. 

This  invention  has  been  patented  .through 
the  Scientific  Peess  Patent  Agency,  by 
Morgan  Hungerford,  of  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 


Arizona  Affairs. — General  Howard 
has,  after  a  very  short  experience  among 
the  Apaches,  given  General  Crook  permis- 
sion to  deal  with  them  as  they  deserve  to 
be  dealt  with.  In  his  order  to  Gen.  Crook, 
he  says  that  his  office  as  special  Commis- 
sioner was  to  make  one  more  effort  to  set- 
tle all  trouble  peaceably,  but  Bince  the 
murders  and  robberies  still  continue,  there 
is  no  course  left  but  to  deal  with  the  Indi- 
ans with  vigor  until  they  are  made  to  feel 
the  power  of  the  Government.  The  order 
is  a  sensible  one  and  was  no  doubt  very 
acceptable,  not  only  to  Gen.  Crook  but  to 
all  the  inhabitants  of  the  Territory,  Gen. 
Howard,  like  every  one  else  who  ever 
went  to  Arizona  has  been  able  to  see  the 
Indian  question  in  its  proper  light  and 
shows  his  good  sense  in  throwing  the  dis- 
cretionary power  given  him  by  the  author- 
ities, on  the  right  side.  In  a  speech  made 
by  him  he  declares  that  his  views  as  to 
the  proper  military  course  to  be  pursued 
in  Arizona  are  almost  identical  with  those 
of  Gen.  Crook.  His  mission  to  Arizona 
was  not  to  prevent  war  upon  hostile  Indi- 
ans, but  to  enforce  the  treaty  provisions 
on  both  sides,  settle  the  good  Indians 
upon  reservations,  and  enjoin  obedience 
to  the  laws. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  now  that  Gen.  Crook 
has  the  proper  authority  to  pursue  the 
course  he  chooses,  that  he  also  possesses 
the  requisite  force  of  troops,  etc.,  to  carry 
out  his  views  since  they  will  no  doubt  be 
congenial  to  the  people  of  the  country. 
We  hope  to  hear  shortly  of  a  cessation  of 
the  robberies,  murders  and  other  out- 
rages committed  upon  citizens  of  the 
United  States  by  the  red  skins,  for  the  ef- 
ficient commander  will  doubtless  make 
short  work  of  the  Indians  concerned  in 
them. 


338 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  i,  1872. 


The  Futnre  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 

When  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  the  greatest  of 
modern  philosophers,  lay  at  the  point  of 
death,  his  friends,  assembed  at  his  bed- 
side, "were  grieving  at  the  loss  the  world 
would  sustain  by  the  death  of  so  great  a 
man;  the  dying  philosopher,  observing 
their  emotion,  and  comprehending  the 
cause  uttered  these  memorable  "words: 
"  Weep  not  for  me  my  friends,  I  am  but 
as  a  mere  child  upon  the  sea  shore  pick- 
ing up  pebbles,  compared  to  what  those 
■who  come  after  me  will  be  able  to  accom- 
plish. I  am  but  at  the  doorstep  of  knowl- 
edge." And  thus  it  is  ever.  Compared 
to  the  possibilities  of  those  who  succeed 
us  we  are  but  mere  children  upon  the 
seashore  picking  up  pebbles.  We  are 
only  at  the  doorstep  of  knowledge,  intelli- 
gence and  power.  Those  who  came  to 
California  early  were,  it  is  true,  blessed 
with  opportunities  of  a  high  order,  but, 
compared  to  those  who  came  after  them, 
and  those  who  will  come  in  the  future, 
they  were  but  as  children  upon  the  sea- 
shore picking  up  pebbles — at  the  doorstep  i 
of  intelligence  and  power. 

The  Wealth  of  the  Future. 
Let  us  estimate  the  aggregate  of  the  wealth 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Pacific  Coast  in 
1860;  what  was  it  as  compared  with  the 
aggregate  of  the  wealth  of  the  inhabitants 
of  this  coast  in  1870?  Look  at  the  in- 
crease of  wealth  of  San  Francisco,  alone, 
in  those  two  years.  Contemplate  the  vast 
area  of  streets  that  has  been  opened  and 
tho  multitude  of  solid,  substantial  build- 
ings that  have  been  erected  in  those  ten 
years;  and  behold  it,  to-day,  in  spite  of 
the  financial  depression  that  we  have  re- 
cently experienced,  occasioned  principally 
by  the  great  drought  from  which  our  min- 
ing and  agricultural  regions  have  suffered. 
Contemplate,  too,  the  great  increase  in  all 
the  elements  of  wealth  to  be  found  in  the 
numerous  cities,  towns  and  villages,  that 
have  sprung  into  existence  on  this  coast 
in  the  past  twenty  years;  the  railroads, 
canals,  tunnels,  etc.,  that  have  been  con- 
structed in  the  past  few  years,  and  think 
what  the  next  twenty  years  will  do  for  us, 
with  the  vast  lines  of  railroads  that  are 
already  built,  or  in  course  of  construction, 
and  in  contemplation.  Who  is  he  that 
has  prescience  enough  to  estimate  what  will 
be  the  aggregate  of  wealth  of  the  Pacific 
Coast  in  the  year  1900,  when  the  Central 
Pacific  and  the  Northern  and  Southern 
Pacific  railroads  shall  have  developed  the 
hundreds  of  now  barren  wastes,  that  will 
then  be  noisy  with  the  active  millions  of 
people  that  will  then  populate  the  vast 
cities,  towns  and  villages  that  will  mean- 
while spring  into  existence  all  around 
them? 

The  Improvements  of  the  Future. 
Independently  of  these,  who  can  esti- 
mate the  value  of  the  millions  of  acres 
of  now  unproductive  lands  that  shall  be 
opened  up  to  our  farmers  by  the  immense 
net  work  of  railroads  and  canals  which 
shall  be  constructed  in  all  parts  of  our 
State  by  that  time  ?  Think  of  the  vast 
benefits  which  our  miners  and  agricul- 
turists will  realize  from  the  completion 
of  the  numerous  works  now  latent  in  the 
minds  of  some  modern  DeWitt  Clintons. 
The  numerous  projects  such  as  Lake 
Tahoe;  the  irrigation  canals,  that  will 
make  our  adobe  lands  prolific,  in  spite  of 
droughts;  the  millions  of  tule  lands  that 
in  a  few  years  will  be  reclaimed  and  yield 
never  failing  and  abundant  harvests. 
Think  of  the  vast  mines  of  wealth  that 
will  flow  into  the  coffers  of  our  manufac- 
turers when  the  thousand  and  one  indus- 
tries that  now  are  unthought  of  on  our 
coast  are  in  active  operation,  and  that 
shall  check  the  mighty  export  of  our  pre- 
cious metals  to  procure  their  supply  from 
other  parts  of  the  civilized  world.  Think 
of  the  immense  lines  of  steamships  that 
shall  bring  the  commerce  of  China,  Japan, 


and  the  islands  of  the  Pacific,  and  even 
India,  to  our  doors.  The  barriers  of  pre- 
judice and  ignorance  are  rapidly  falling 
before  the  silent  but  overwhelming  ap- 
proaches  of    commerce   and    civilization. 

The  Men  of  the  Future. 
All  that  we  need  is  men,  not  mere  humans, 
dwarfed  by  prejudice  and  ignorance,  but 
men  who  have  large  brains  and  compre- 
hensive intellects  to  grapple  with  the 
mighty  problems  now  waiting  to  be  solved. 
Not  men  like  the  Chinese,  who  will  build 
a  great  wall  to  keep  out  civilization,  and 
the  arts  and  sciences,  and  allow  the  sur- 
rounding natives  to  progress  while  they 
are  dormant  and  slothful.  -Men  who  will 
not  allow  their  ' '  lights  to  be  hid  under  a 
bushel,"  but  will  "  let  them  shine  before 
men."  Men  whose  reputation  for  intelli- 
gence, industry  and  integrity  shall  be 
known  to  the  furthest  confines  of  the 
earth;  men  who  while  they  have  intelli- 
gence to  conduct  gigantic  enterprises  and 
manufacture  goods  that  shall  flood  the 
markets  of  neighboring  countries,  shall 
realize  the  value  of  the  printing  press  in 
heralding  their  achievements  to  the  utter- 
most parts  of  the  earth.  Men  who  shall 
appreciate  the  advantages  of  enterprises 
like  ours  and  aid  them,  and  avail  them- 
selves of  its  benefits,  and  make  the  manu- 
factures of  the  Pacific  Coast  what  the 
manufactures  of  Birmington,  Sheffield, 
Manchester,  London,  Liverpool,  Paris, 
Antwerp,  New  Xork,  Boston,  Pittsburgh, 
etc., have  done  for  theirs.  All  it  wants  is 
men  like  these.     Shall  we  have  them  ? 


The  Vintage  of  1871. 

The  following  article  from  the  Commercial 
Herald  and  Market  Review  of  the  10th  inst.,  is 
written  by  one  of  the  best  posted  -wine  dealers 
in  the  State,  and,  as  will  be  seen,  fully  sustains 
the  estimates  of  the  "Wine  Growers'  Association : 

Enough  reliable  data  has  reached  us  at  this 
time  from  the  various  wine  counties  of  the 
State,  to  make  a  very  close  estimate  of  the  to- 
tal amount  of  wine  made  during  thelast  vintage. 
While  the  grapes  were  coloring,  various  experts 
supposed  that  the  product  would  reach  eight 
million  gallons,  from  the  fine  appearance  of  the 
vines,  which  were  overcharged  with  grapes; 
but  the  ravages  committed  by  the  grasshoppers 
and  sun-blast  in  the  lower,  as  well  as  some  of 
the  mining  counties,  far  exceeded  their  expec- 
tations, and  diminished  by  more  than  a  million 
and  a  half  gallons  what  could  have  been  reason- 
ably expected.  Various  estimates  have  since 
been  made  as  to  the  entire  yield,  some  of  which 
are  unfortunately  far  above  the  mark;  while 
others,  just  as  unfortunate  and  more  damaging 
in  their  influence,  belittle  the  amount,  through 
gross  ignorance.  In  this  latter  connection,  we 
allude  to  a  wine  article  that  appeared  in  the  Alia 
on  the  2d  of  this  month.  The  waiter  sets  forth 
his  belief  that  no  more  than  four  and  a  hall 
million  gallons  were  made  last  vintage,  and 
gives  the  rmerile  reason  for  the  statement  that 
only  800,000  gallons  of  the  previous  vintage  was 
exported,  that  only  1,300,000  gallons  were 
brought  to  the  city,  and  that  therefore,  in  his 
opinion,  there  was  not  5,000,000  gallons  of  sur- 
plus, or,  to  use  his  own  words,  "or  anywhere 
like  it."  These  statements  were  made  in  the 
face  of  the  printed  report  of  the  Committee  on 
Statistics  of  the  Wine  and  Brandy  Growers' 
Convention  of  Sacramento,  who  placed  the 
yield  at  6,000,000.  gallons.  This  convention 
had  representatives  from  every  prominent  wine 
county  in  the  State,  and  every  prominent  wine- 
grower in  the  State  was  represented,  at  least  by 
a  neighbor,  if  not  present  himself.  The  com- 
mittee carefully  gathered  from  each  of  these 
representatives  a  close  estimate  of  his  individual 
district,  and  submitted  the  sum  total  to  the  con- 
vention, which  was  adopted,  after  reading,  and 
became  embodied  in  their  pamphlet.  The  prop- 
osition to  set  aside  a  report  gathered  under 
such  favorable  auspices,  by  the  opinion  of  a 
single  person,  who  is  no  authority  on  the  sub- 
ject, is  simply  preposterous. 

All  the  more  recently  gathered  information 
confirms  the  estimate  of  the  Sacramento  Wine 
Convention,  that  the  last  vintage  fully  reached 
sis  million  gallons  of  wine.  This  information 
more  than  verifies  their  statements  concerning 
brandy,  and  in  all  probability  they  will  be  fifty 
thousand  gallons  under  the  real  amount  dis- 
tilled at  the  time  the  convention  met.  In  care- 
ful estimates  made  from  actual  yields  of  a  num- 
ber of  individual  vineyards,  we  have  found  that 
the  lowest  yield  was  four  gallons  to  every  seven 
vines  which  were  six  years  old  and  over — this 
being  the  average  in  Santa  Clara,  portions  of 
Napa,  Santa  Cruz  and  Sonoma  counties.  In 
Sacramento,  El  Dorado,  portions  of  Napa,  So- 
lano, Stanislaus,  San  Joaquin  and  Amador 
counties,  the  yield  was  one  gallon  of  wine  to 
every  two  vines.    In  Los  Angeles  county,  in 


fair  years,  the  yield  is  three  gallons  to  every  five 
vines.  Now,  in  the  Sacramento  Convention  it 
was  admitted  as  a  fact,  that  there  were  in  the 
State  fifteen  million  vines  in  full  bearing — that 
is,  six  years  old ;  and  taking  the  lowest  pro- 
duced average  for  last  year  for  only  these  fif- 
teen million  vines,  we  ought  to  have  made 
eight  million  seven  hundred  thousand  gallons 
of  white  and  red  wine.  Deducting  from  this 
one  and  a  half  million  for  the  losses  in  Los 
Angeles;  another  half  million  for  losses  in  the 
mining  counties,  and  seven  hundred  thousand 
for  distillation,  we  still  have  six  million  gallons 
left,  with  fifteen  millions  vines  from  five  years 
to  one  year  old,  to  furnish  us  with  all  the  grapes 
we  may  have  used  for  the  table.  The  yieldof  these 
latter  fifteen  million  vines,  estimated  from  their 
respective  ages,  would  be  over  twenty-one  mill- 
ion pounds,  giving  thirty  pounds  of  grapes  to 
every  man,  woman  and  child  in  the  State  for 
eating. 


New  and  Curious  Building  Materials. 

To  make  planks  out  of  sawdust  has 
hitherto  been  regarded  as  equally  feasible 
with  spinning  ropes  out  of  sand.  How- 
ever, the  manufacture  of  planks  out  of 
sawdust  is  now  unquestionably  possible, 
though  we  do  not  say  economical;  still 
the  operation  by  which  this  might  be  ac- 
complished, slightly  varied,  yields  prod- 
ucts not  only  curious  but  economical, 
and  some  of  them,  we  believe,  are  des- 
tined to  find  large  application  as  building 
materials. 

The  chemical  material  lignine,  or  cellu- 
lose, (woody  fibre)  was  regarded  until 
quite  recently  as  insoluble;  but  it  has  been 
discovered  that  the  fluid  "  cupro  ammoni- 
um" dissolves  woody  fibre  with  great  fa- 
cility. There  is  good  reason  for  belief 
that  materials  built  up  by  taking  advant- 
age of  this  curious  solvent  property  of  cu- 
pro ammonium  will  before  long  be  turned 
to  great  practical  use,  by  effecting,  how- 
ever, not  complete,  but  partial  solution. 
Thus,  to  take  a  simple  case,  a  sheet  of  pa 
per  could  be  rendered  waterproof  by  being 
dipped  momentarially  in  cupro  ammoni- 
um, then  passed  between  rolls  to  squeeze 
out  excess  of  moisture,  and  finally  dried. 
Such  paper  might  be  made  into  a  bag  and 
rilled  with  water,  and  would  not  allow  any 
fluid  to  come  through  except  through  such 
apertures  as  all  paper  invariably  possesses. 
Hence  to  treat  a  single  thickness  of  paper 
for  the  sake  of  waterproofing  it  is  of  little 
use;  but  if  two  thicknesses  be  dipped  mo 
mentarially  in  the  bath  and  then  passed 
face  to  face  through  rolls,  the  two  surfa- 
ces adhere  so  absolutely  that,  after  drying, 
the  plane  of  juncture  is  invisible  and  can- 
not be  rendered  visible  by  dissection. 
Moreover  as  the  chances  against  the  exact 
correspondence  of  two  apertures  in  the  two 
opposite  sheets  are  almost  infinite,  a  water- 
proof bag  could  be  made. 

What  can  be  effected  on  two  sheets  can 
be  effected  on  any  number,  and  thus  arti- 
ficial lignine  sheets  may  be  built  up  of 
any  thickness,  from  that  of  paper  to  that 
of  plank  or  scantling  if  desired.  The  ma- 
terial, when  in  a  certain  state  of  moisture, 
molds  with  almost  the  same  facility  as 
potter's  clay.  It  readily  corrugates,  either 
by  fluted  rolling  or  by  rectangular  press- 
ure, and  the  corrugated  material,  ex- 
tremely light,  hard  and  almost  indestruct- 
ible chemically,  is  destined,  we  believe, 
to  supplant  corrugated  iron  in  numerous 
applications  of  the  latter.  Water  has  no 
i-ffect  on  it,  and  acids  but  little;  in  fact,  the 
only  agent  which  they  cannot  stand  is  am- 
monia. 

It  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that  although  cu- 
pro ammonium  rapidly  dissolves  lignine, 
yet  the  first  result  of  immersion  is  a 
strengthening  of  the  fibre.  A  piece  of 
linen,  for  instance,  after  being  dipped  for 
an  instant  in  the  fluid,  has  a  greater  cohe- 
sive force  than  it  had  before.  This  result 
appears  to  be  due  to  a  contraction  of  the 
tissue  by  the  chemical  action,  and,  sug- 
gests comparison  with  the  curious  accession 
of  strength  imparted  to  paper  by  instanta- 
neous dipping  in  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid,  although  a  more  prolonged  immer- 
sion destroys  the  same  paper. 

Fabrics  of  great  tensile  and  cohesive 
strength  may  be  prepared  by  alternating 
canvas  with  paper  or  canvas  with  canvas. 
Thickness  for  thickness,  we  do  not  think 
that  any  timber  can  equal  the  strength  of 
these  compound  fabrics.  For  building 
purposes  there  are  numerous  applications. 
For  roofage  the  very  thinnest  double  tissue 
paper  would  be  both  water  and  wind-tight, 
and  nothing  would  be  gained  by  using 
thicker  material,  except  for  providing 
against  the  casualty  of  snow  and  other  ex- 
traneous weight.  We  have,  however,  seen 
a  specimen  made  of  six  thicknesses  of  com- 
mon brown  paper  and  corrugated,  which 
seems  stout,  strong  and  reliable  enough  to 
be  proof  against  all  ordinary  casualties. 
As  regards  ornamentation,  the  natural  tint 
of  some  of  these  cupro  ammonium  lignine 


structures  is  very  elegant,  and  they  readily 
take  any  sort  of  paint. 

Many  other  utilities  will  suggest  them- 
selves. Among  these  the  manufacture  of 
tubing  is  important.  Possibly  the  mate- 
rial may  be  turned  to  good  account  in  hat- 
making— probably  in  boot  making.  We 
have  even  seen  a  waterproof  paper  cape, 
the  only  obvious  defect  of  which  was  a 
trifle  too  much  of  rigidity. — Condensed 
from  Engineer. 


Shipping  Wheat  in  Bulk. 

There  is  an  exceedingly  onerous  tax  upon 
the  grain  growers  of  this  State,  which  is  not 
felt  by  their  more  favored  co-laborers  of  the 
Atlantic  States,  and  which  annually  eats  large- 
ly into  the  profits  of  the  California  producer. 
We  allude  of  course  to  the  use  and  cost  of 
sacks,  to  be  given  away  with  the  sale  of  the 
grain.  A  farmer  in  the  Atlantic  States  would 
no  more  think  of  giving  away  the  sacks  in 
which  he  delivers  his  grain,  than  he  would  his 
wagon  that  carries  both  sacks  and  grain  to  the 
market;  and  there  is  no  more  reason  for  his  do- 
ing it. 

There  should  be  erected  along  the  lines  of 
the  railways,  and  at  aU  interior  shipping  ports, 
contiguous  to  grain  producing  districts,  con- 
venient repositories  for  the  storing  of  the  grain 
in  the  country  in  bulk,  and  where  farmers  can 
deliver  it  by  the  wagon  load,  retaining  their 
sacks.  Cars  and  water  transports  should  re- 
ceive the  same  and  again  deliver  it  in  bulk  at 
different  grain-loading  elevator  stations ;  and 
here  again,  ships  should  receive  it  once  more 
in  bulk,  as  is  done  at  all  the  ports  of  the  Atlan- 
tic, for  shipment  to  foreign  countries. 

It  is  idle  talk,  to  say  that  grain  cannot  be 
shipped  from  California  in  bulk.  It  has  been 
done  successfully,  and  can  be  again,  and  the 
sooner  a  united  and  determined  effort  is  made 
by  our  farmers,  to  provide  a  remedy  and  ut- 
terly throw  off  this  sack-parasite  that  annually 
fastens  with  such  expensive  effect  upon  their 
purses,  the  better  it  will  be  for  them. 

A  unity  of  action  is  required,  and  we  know 
of  no  better  way  to  bring  it  about,  than  to  have 
a  conference  of  the  different  Farmers'  Clubs 
hroxighout  the  State  as  proposed  by  the  Con- 
tra Costa  Club,  in  this  number  of  the  Ktjral, 
and  unite  upon  some  effort  or  action,  either  to 
break  up  or  act  independently  of  the  sack 
"  ring,"  that  would  control  the  market  and  ex 
act  their  own  prices. 

Whiskey  from  Tule. 

The  pith  or  spongy,  central  part  of  tho  Tule, 
is  found  by  analysis  to  contain  gluten  and 
starch  in  large  quantities,  whilst  the  green  out- 
er covering  abounds  in  albumen.  These  sub- 
stances all  possess  the  constituents  of  alcohol, 
and  are  easily  convertible  into  that  material  by 
the  requisite  means  and  process. 

The  ripened,  but  not  dried  tule,  after  being 
minutely  divided  by  suitable  machinery,  is  sub- 
jected to  boiling  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid,  which 
converts  the  starch  and  other  sugar-producing 
constituents, into  glucose  or  unerystallizable  su- 
gar— molasses — which  being  diluted  with  water 
to  the  proper  degree,  a  ferment  is  added  which 
brings  out  or  produces  the  spirit  by  the  com- 
mon process  of  fermentation;  the  mash  is  then 
distilled  in  the  ordinary  way  producing  tule 
whiskey. 

Powdered  Coal  for  Unhealthful  Plants. 
— In  a  communication  addressed  to  the  Revue 
Horlicole,  the  writer  states  that  he  purchased  a 
very  fine  rose-bush,  full  of  buds,  and,  after 
anxiously  awaiting  their  maturing,  was  greatly 
disappointed,  when  this  took  place,  to  find  the 
flowers  small,  insignificant  in  appearance,  and 
of  a  dull,  faded  color.  Incited  by  the  sugges- 
tion of  a  friend,  he  then  tried  the  experiment  of 
filling  in  the  top  of  the  pot  around  the  bush,  to 
the  depth  of  half  an  inch,  with  finely  pulver- 
ized stone  coal.  In  the  course  of  a  few  days  he 
was  astonished  at  seeing  the  roses  assume  a 
beautiful  red  hue,  as  brilliant  and  lively  as  he 
could  desire. 

He  tried  the  experiment  upon  a  pot  of  petun- 
ias, and  soon  after  aU  the  pale  and  indefinite 
colored  ones  became  of  a  bright  red  or  blue, 
and  the  white  petunias  were  variegated  with 
beautiful  red  stripes.  Some  of  the  lilac  petun- 
ias became  a  fine  dark  blue.  Other  flowers  ex- 
perienced similar  alterations;  those  of  a  yellow 
color  alone  remained  insensible  to  the  influence 
of  the  coal. 

Cotton  manufacturers  in  the  south  are 
on  the  increase;  150,000  spindles  are  now 
in  active  operation.  Most  of  the  mills  are 
in  Georgia.  Those  now  in  operation  are 
said  to  pay  from  10  to  20  per  cent,  on  capi- 
tals ranging  from  $100,000  to  $1,250,000. 


June  i,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS- 


339 


iCIENTiFIC    aRrOGRESS. 


New  Sensitive  Singing  Flame. 

Philip  Bany  described  in  2VaAirs,  of  last  No- 
vember! a   very  sensitive   tlame,    produced   by 

placing  a  piece  of  ordinary  wire  gauze  on  the 
ring  of  a  retort  stand,  about  1  Inches 
Sugg's  steatite  pin-hole  burner,  and  lighting  the 
eas  Bbore  the  gauze.  At  the  Lead  noiso  the 
dame  roars,  sinking  down  t"  the  surface  of  the 
gauze,  becoming  at  theB&me  time  almost  invis- 
ible. It  is  \.  1  y  active  in  its  r-  BponseSi  and  be- 
ing rather  a  noisy  flame,  its  Sympathy  La  ap- 
paxent  to  the  ear  us  well  as  the  eye.  W.  E, 
Si:  vena  writes  to  tho  Am,  Jour  Bet,  that  a 
simple  addition  to  this  apparatus  gives  a  flame 
which,  by  slight  regulation,  maybe  made  either 
(1)  a  sensitive  lluuie  merely,  that  is,  one  de- 
|  and  rendered  non-luminous  by  .  xt  rnal 
ii"i-i'-4,  but  which  does  not  sing;  (2)  a  continu- 
ous singing  tlame,  DOt  distazoed  by  outward 
noises;  (3)  a  sensitive  flame,  which  only 
Hounds  while  disturbed;  or  (1)  a  tlame  which 
sings  SXOSpt  when  disturbed.  The  last  two  ef- 
fects are  novel.  To  produce  tho  tlame  it  is 
necessary  merely  to  cover  Barry's  flame  with  a 
moderately  large  tube,  resting  it  lightly  on  the 
gauze.  If  the  gauze  and  tube  be  raised,  the 
tlame  gradually  shortens  and  appears  less  lumi- 
nous, until  ut  last  it  becomes  violently  agitated 
and  (2)  is  produced.  Tho  sensitive  musical 
»  h  I  m  ,d  by  lowering  the  gauze  until 
the  singing  just  ceases.  It  is  in  this  positiou 
that  the  tlame  is  most  remarkable.  At  the 
slightest  sharp  sound  it  instantly  sings,  contin- 
uing to  do  so  as  long  as  tho  disturbing  cause 
exists,  but  stopping  at  once  with  it.  So  quick 
are  the  responses  that  by  rapping  the  time  of  a 
tune,  or  whistling  or  pluying  it,  if  the  tones  are 
high  enough,  the  tlame  sounds  faithfully  at 
every  note.  By  slightly  raising  or  lowering  the 
jet  the  flame  may  be  made  to  sing  at  a  hiss,  the 
rattling  of  keys,  folding  paper,  or  even  moving 
the  hand  over  the  table.  On  pronouncing  the 
word  "sensitive"  it  sings  twice;  and  in  general, 
interrupts  the  speaker  at  almost  every  "  s  "  or 
other  hissing  sound.  All  the  experiments  can 
be  made  under  the  ordinary  pressure  of  street 
gas,  three-fourths  of  an  inch  of  water  being 
sufficient. 


aJTZLin     CoiiOBfl     PoiBOHODB. — According    to 

.1  and  Euleuberg,  of  Cologne,  aniline 
colon  are  poisonous.  Aniline  itself  is  an  ac- 
knowledged poison,  an.l  ill  coloring^ matters 
containing  Unchanged  aniline  are  then 
pable  of  poisonous  effects.  In  the  pn  | 
of  the  colors  the  strongest  oxidizing  agents  are 
used,  and  of  these  many  are  violent  poi- 
sons, as  arsenic  and,  chlorides  of  zinc  and  tin, 
antimony  and  lead  compounds.  If  any  ol 
■  a  remain  in  the  manufactured 
matter,  of  coarse  the  article  is  danger- 
ous; not  of  itself,  for  this  is  innocuous,  bu1 
from  the  met. d  poisons  it  contains,  an 
the  acids  combined  with  them,  as  hydrochloric, 
acetic,  anenxonaand  picrine  acids,  aforeov*  r, 
many  coloring  substances  are  manufactured 
from  the  residues  of  aniline  factories,  and  these 
contain  the  largest  amounts  of  poisonous  mat- 
ters. These  last,  on  account  of  their  1 
are  extensively  used,  principally  for  red  oar- 
pets,  toys,  common  articles  of  confectionary, 
bonbons,  drops,  etc. ;  also  for  toys  made  from 
transparent  rubber,  and  for  nursing  bottles, 
>!    poisoning  from   woolen  and   mixed 

g is,    dyed    with   aniline   colors    are  known. 

The  same  is  true  of  pheuil  colors,  and  the  sub- 
ject demands  stongly  the  adoption  of  sanitary 
regulations. 

Effect  of  Colored  Light  on  Vegetation. — 
The  opinion  of  Poey's  that  violet  light  has  a 
most  favorable  effect  upon  the  growth  of  ani- 
mals and  plants  led  a  Sir.  Bert  to  make  experi- 
ments (_not  yet  quite  concluded)  on  a  large 
scale.  He  placed  25  plants  of  different  fami- 
lies, which  differ  greatly  in  respect  to  need  ol 
light,  in  compost  beds,  covering  these,  first, 
with  common  glass;  second,  with  dull  white 
glass;  third,  with  blackened  glass;  fourth,  with 
red;  filth,  with  yellow;  sixth,  with  green,  and 
seventh,  with  blue  glass.  The  red,  green  and 
blue  were,  examined  in  the  spectroscope,  al- 
most monochromatic;  but  the  yellow  glass 
transmitted  all  other  colors,  only  more  weakly. 
Experiments  carried  on  from  June  to  the  end  of 
August  gave  the  following  results:  In  general, 
the  green  light  is  as  bad  for  plants  as  is  dark- 
ness; red  is  less  injurious,  though  decidedly 
hurtful;  then  comes  yellow;  least  injurious  is 
blue.  But  all  colors  are  unfavorable  for  plants, 
except  when  combined  in  the  proportions  con- 
tained in  white. 


Varieties  of  Matter. — We  extract  the  fol- 
lowing from  an  article  by  Prof.  Morton  in  the 
May  number  of  the  Am.  Jour.  Sci.:  Matter  ex- 
ists certainly  under  two  and  probably  under 
three  varieties:  ordinary  or  gross  matter,  directly 
recognized  by  our  senses;  universal  or  luminif- 
erous  ether,  filling  all  space  and  pervading  the 
insterstitial  spaces  of  all  bodies  of  ordinary 
matter,  the  existence  of  which  is  inferred  from 
optical  phenomena;  and  electric  ether,  associated 
with  all  bodies  of  ordinary  matter,  whose  ex- 
istence is  inferred  from  electrical  phenomena. 
Possibly  these  varieties  may  not  differ  in  their 
essential  nature.  It  is  at  least  conceivable  that 
the  atoms,  so  called,  of  ordinary  matter  and  of 
electric  ether  are  condensed  groups  of  atoms  of 
the  universal  ether;  and  hence  that  there  is  es- 
sentially but  one  form  of  matter  in  existence. 
It  may  be  that  the  electric  ether,  tho  supposed 
agent  of  electrical  phenomena,  may  be  shown 
ultimately  to  be  identical  with  the  luminiferous 
ether;  but  in  the  present  state  of  physical  sci- 
ence they  cannot  be  so  regarded.  It  is  sup 
posed  by  some  physicists  that  electrical  phe- 
nomena may  consist  in  some  mode  or  modes  of 
motion  of  the  atoms  of  ordinary  matter,  and 
that  the  forces  of  electric  attraction  and  repul- 
sion may  originate  in  such  motions.  But  this 
notion  cannot  be  regarded  as  anything  more 
than  a  conjecture.  The  existence  of  an  electric 
ether  has  not  been  as  conclusively  estab- 
lished as  that  of  the  luminiferous,  but  all  the 
phenomena  give  decided  intimations  of  the  op- 
eration of  such  an  agent,  and  thus  serve  to  con- 
fer upon  the  hypothesis  of  an  electric  ether  a 
high  probability. 

An  Educational  Experiment. — A  novel  and 
interesting  experiment  in  the  field  of  elementary 
instruction  has  just  been  resolved  upon  in  Sax- 
ony. Hitherto,  as  everywhere  else,  so  in  that 
small  but  highly  developed  kingdom,  tho  youth 
of  the  lower  order,  upon  being  apprenticed  to  a 
trade,  have  been  left  at  liberty  to  forget  what 
they  learned  at  school.  Attendance  at  Sunday 
schools  and  ovening  instructions  provided  by 
the  State,  and  charitable  societies,  were  per- 
fectly optional.  By  law  this  liberty  is  abridged, 
and  compulsory  attendance  at  evening  schools 
exacted  for  a  period  of  three  years.  This  is,  we 
believe,  the  first  time  in  the  annals  of  the  world 
that  an  attempt  has  been  made  by  a  State  to 
extend  the  education  of  the  humbler  classes  be- 
yond the  merest  rudiments,  and  after  they  have 
entered  upon  the  business  of  life. — Ex. 

Narcotic  Action  of  Tobacco. — Vohl  and  Eu- 
lenburg  have  investigated  the  narcotic  action  of 
tobacco,  especially  examining  the  action  of  to- 
bacco smoke.  As  the  result  of  their  analysis, 
they  are  led  to  the  opinion  that  the  disagreeable 
symptoms  of  the  incipient  smoker  and  the 
chronic  affectations  produced  by  excessive 
smoking,  as  well  as  the  poisonous  effects  of 
tobacco  juice  when  swallowed,  are  due  to  the 
pyridine  and  picoline  bases,  and  not  to  the  ni- 
cotine. They  explain  the  fact  that  stronger  to- 
bacco can  be  smoked  in  cigars  than  in  a  pipe, 
by  finding  that  more  of  the  volatile  bases  are 
present  in  pipe  smoke,  more  especially  of  the 
very  volatile  and  stupefying  pyridine ;  while  in 
a  cigar  little  pyridine  and  much  collidine  are 
formed. 


Auroral  Displays  in  the  U.  S. — The  Ameri- 
can Journal  of  Science  gives  a  table  of  the  auro- 
ral displays  in  the  United  States,  in  the  year 
1871.  The  total  number  of  days  is  170,  divided 
as  follows: 


IJechanical   ^ogress 


July. . 
Aug. . . 
Sep't. 
Oc't... 
Nov. .  , 
Dec... 


.  9  Days 
.12  " 
.13  " 
.15  " 
.19  " 
.12      " 


Jan 11  Days 

Feb 13     " 

March 15      <( 

April 16     " 

May 17      " 

June 17      " 

During  the  past  three  years  the  number  was 
as  follows : 

1809 192  Days 

1870 233      " 

1871 170     " 

The  correspondence  of  these  results  with  the 
number  of  spots  visible  on  the  sun's  surface  is 
quite  noticeable.  The  disturbance  of  the  sun's 
siuface  attained  its  maximum  in  1870,  and  is 
now  rapidly  declining.  It  is  anticipated  that 
the  number  of  auroras  visible  in  the  United 
States  in  subsequent  years  will  exhibit  a  similar 
decline. 


The  Parchment  Fluid  of  the  chemist  C.  de 
Sonvageon  is  said  to  have  the  property  of  pre- 
serving paper  from  the  injurious  effects  of 
moisture.  Drawings  which  can  be  injured  by 
rubbing  are  moistened  with  the  fluid  on  the 
back  side  at  first  (the  fluid  is  applied  by  means 
of  a  sponge),  or  if  this  is  not  possible  a  paper 
is  laid  over  them  and  the  fluid  applied  to  this. 
After  the  first  coat  has  dried  on,  which  requires 
about  twenty  minutes,  tho  fluid  can  then  be 
applied  without  further  precaution.  If  the 
drawings  are  not  liable  to  rub  out,  the  fluid  can 
be  put  on  directly  in  the  beginning.  Paper 
thus  treated  has,  besides  its  unsusceptibility 
to  injury  from  moisture,  the  following  valuable 
properties:  1.  Spots  of  all  kinds  can  be  re- 
moved by  washing  with  soap-water;  2.  Draw- 
ings in  lead  or  chalk  can  be  permanently  fixed; 
3.  Paper  treated  with  two  or  three  coats  of  the 
preparation  can  be  written  on  with  lead  or  ink, 
and  the  writing  can  bo  washed  off. 

The  Lowest  temperature  at  which  seeds  can 
sprout  has  been  generally  taken  to  be  4°  or  50 
Eeaumer  (41°  to  43°  Fah.).  Decandolle 
found  that  all  the  seeeds  with  which  he  experi- 
mented, sprouted  at  a  temperature  of  4°  or 
more;  only  tho  lepidium  sativum  (garden  cress) 
and  linum  usitatissimum  sprouted  at  3°,  and-  5 
out  of  30  seeds  of  the  sinapis  alba  (white  mus- 
tard) at  0°.  Uloth,  according  to  the  Flora,  on 
clearing  out  an  ice-cellar,  found  in  pieces  of 
ice  fully  sprouted  seeds  of  maple  and  wheat, 
which  flourished  when  transplanted  to  soil. 
The  cellar  was  fully  dark  and  the  temperature 
zero  (32°  Fah.)  at  the  spot  where  the  seeds 
were  found. 


More  About  Lubricators. 

Th.  beet  efforts  ol  both  mechanics  and  ohem- 

ists  have  been  directed  to  the  preparation  of  a 
perfecl  lubricator,  and  although  much  remains 
to  be  accomplished,  yet  tin;  n  suits  ulrcudy  at- 
tained are  exceedingly  satisfactory.  For  Light 
machinery  the  requirements  are  that  the  lubri- 
cating material  shall  be  a  good  anti-friction 
agent,  nut  easily  deotrior&ted  by  the  combined 
action  ol  friction  and  air;  and  for  some  pur- 
poses, at  h-ust,  sin/h  as  sewing  machines,  that 
it  shall  be  cleanly.  These  conditions  are  most 
perfectly  fulfilled  by  well  purified  oils,  such  as 
-.perm  or  olive.  The  gummy  and  gelatinous 
matter,  as  will  as  all  moisture,  must  be 
thoroughly  removed,  and  oil  in  this  condition 
is  readily  found  in  market,  being  prepared  lor 
die  use  of  gunsmiths,  clookmakers,  sewing 
machine  workers,  etc.  Lubricating  material 
for  heavier  machines  is  still  more  easily  found 
of  tolerable  quality,  and  it  is  only  when  we 
come  to  really  heavy  work  that  we  again  hud 
it  difficult  to  obtain  a  really  suitable  article. 

All  surfaces  which  are  pressed  together  with 
great  force  should  be  lubricated  with  a  com- 
paratively hard  material  ;  otherwise  the  lubri- 
cator will  be  expelled  troin  between  them,  and 
the  friction  will  soon  become  greater  tnan  at 
tirst.  Hence,  instead  of  liquid  oils,  the  heavy 
semi-fluid  petroleums  have  been  used  with 
great  success;  and  where  matter  of  animal  or 
vegetable  origin  is  emp.oyed,  the  solid  fats, 
such  as  lard,  tallow,  palm  oil,  etc.,  are  preferred 
to  the  true  oils.  Nor  does  the  intelligent  me- 
ehanic  stop  here.  In  order  still  lurther  to 
harden  the  oil  or  grease,  he  employs  alkali, 
and  by  the  use  of  caustic  soda  he  converts  it  into 
a  mild  species  of  soup.  But  where  the  work  is 
heavy,  and  especially  where  the  surfaces  are  soft, 
.he  best  lubricating  material  is  plumbago.  We 
have  seen  it  tried  on  wooden  surfaces,  such  as 
wood  screws,  which  will  perfom  at  least  twice 
is  much  work  after  being  carefully  rubbed 
with  a  mixture  of  soap  or  tallow  and  plum- 
bago. 

in  the  case  of  wooden  bearings  nothing  that 
we  have  ever  seen  tried,  lessens  the  friction  as 
well  as  plumbago.  The  same  is  true  in  regard 
to  cast-iron  surfaces  such  as  the  ways  of  heavy 
planers.  These  often  cut  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
oecome  almost  unmanageable,  in  which  case  a 
little  really  good  plumbago  remedies  the  evil  at 
once.  Poor  plumbago,  on  the  other  hand,  only 
aggravates  the  evil.  The  use  of  plumbago  for 
this  purpose  has  long  been  known,  but  until 
quite  recently,  no  effort  seems  to  have  been 
made  to  call  general  attention  to  it. 

Metalline. 

The  famous  anti-attrition  used  in  Europe  con- 
sisted simply  of  plumbago  and  lard,  and  at 
different  times  attempts  have  been  made  to 
create  an  excitement  by  the  announcement  of  a 
new  lubricator  under  some  high  sounding 
names,  such  as  metalline,  mineralline,  etc.;  the 
entire  virtue  of  such  materials,  where  they 
possessed  any  virtue  at  all,  being  due  to  plum- 
bago. A  striking  example  of  this  was  given  a 
few  months  ago,  when  almost  every  industrial 
journal  in  this  country  and  Europe  rang  with 
the  praises  of  metalline;  although  to  judge  by 
the  final  result,  these  laudations  were  based 
upon  a  very  slender  foundation  of  fact. 

But  although  we  have  particularly  recom- 
mended the  use  of  plumbago  for  heavy  machin- 
ery, it  must  not  be  supposed  that  it  is  unfit  for 
lighter  work.  Sixty  years  ago,  M.  Lewis  Her- 
bert, of  Chelsea,  Eng.,  used  it  in  a  very  refined 
state  as  a  substitute  for  oil,  in  diminishing  the 
friction  of  the  rubbing  parts  of  the  clock.  He 
applied  it  to  a  siderial  time-piece,  in  January, 
1816,  between  which  period  and  1827  the  time- 
piece was  cleaned  three  times  without  renova- 
ting the  plumbago;  the  friction  places  being 
only  wiped  with  a  fine  muslin  rag.  In  a  com- 
munication to  the  Society  of  Arts,  in  1827, 
eleven  years  after  the  plumbago  had  been  ap- 
plied only  once,  he  states  that  the  time-piece 
was  going  as  well  as  ever.  He  found  great 
difficulty  in  applying  it  to  the  jewelled  pallets 
of  the  escapement,  but  got  over  this  by  apply- 
ing it  to  the  friction  plane  of  the  teeth  of  the 
swing-wheel;  and  he  adds, "so,  ever  since  the 
clock  has  gone  without  oil." 

We  feel  assured  that  the  principal  reason 
which  has  hitherto  kept  plumbago  from  being 
generally  used  as  a  lubricator  has  been  the 
difficulty  of  obtaining  a  good  article.  Until 
within  a  comparatively  recent  period,  no  effort 
has  been  made  to  place  before  the  public  an 
article  prepared  with  special  reference  to  lubri- 
cating purposes;  but  we  are  happy  to  observe 
that  a  movement  has  been  made  in  this  diree- 
tion,  and  really  suitable  specimens  can  now 
be  readily  obtained. — Handicraft. 


Tne  Thermometer  at  High  Altitudes. — 
The  higher  we  ascend,  the  colder  it  becomes; 
and  yet  at  very  great  elevations  the  rays  of  the 
sun  exert  a  heating  power  greater  than  that 
which  they  are  found  to  produce  in  the  valleys. 
Prof.  Piazzi  Smith  found,  that  on  the  top  of 
Teneriffe,  at  an  elevation  10,000  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  a  thermometer  exposed  to  the 
direct  rayB  of  the  sun  showed  a  temperature  of 
nearly  200°  Fah. ! 


Ventilation  and  Heating. — It  is  said  that 
an  apparatus  has  now  been  perfected  which 
may  be  applied  to  cooling  the  air  of  theatres, 
halls,  and  all  public  or  private  dwellings.  One 
of  these  machines  will  either  produce  200 
pounds  of  ice  per  hour,  or  will  furnish  in  the 
same  time  33,000  cubic  feet  of  air,  cooled  to  a 
temperature  of  33  degrees  Fahrenheit.  It  is 
probable  that  in  a  few  years  we  will  turn  on 
from  the  same  registers  the  cool  air  in  summer 
and  the  hot  air  in  winter.  The  application  of 
such  an  apparatus  to  the  pipes  of  a  heater 
would  be  extremely  simple,  and  furnish  just 
what  we  want  when  the  heater  is  off  duty. 


Keenan's  BomSB  Coating. — Much  value  is 
assigned  to  a  substance  known  as  Keenan's 
Boiler  Coating)  us  a  means  oi  pruventina  the 

radiation  ol  heat  irom  steam -boilers,  and  the 
saving,  in  consequence,  of  fuel  us  well  as  of 
lime  111  bringing  steam  up  to  the  proper  uegres 
at  tension.  The  substance  is  a  pulp  coinpo&ed 
of  paper,  oil,  and  certain  chemicals,  and  is  laid 
cold  on  boilers,  steam  chests,  Bteani-pipes,  or 
;m\  other  article  that  is  to  be  protected  from 
Hie  outer  atmosphere  to  the  thickness  ol  an  inch 
and  a  quarter;  on  superheaters  two  iucnes  are 
required.  The  boiler,  however,  must  be  kept 
warm  during  the  couliug  process.  When  tne 
pulp  has  properly  set  it  receives  three  coats  of 
paint,  and  can,  if  necessary,  be  grained  and 
made  to  look  ornamental. 

The  editor  ol  the  London  Mechanics  Magazine 
has  recently  examined  certuiu  bodeis  coated 
with  this  substance,  and  lound  ihat  with 
boilers  in  uctuul  operation  the  exterior  exhib- 
ited a  gentle  warmth  just  perceptible  to  the 
touch.  He  ulso  was  lniorinid  that  it  wus  the 
practice  of  the  stokers  to  uiaw  their  nres  at 
hall-past  three  in  the  alternoon  and  to  close 
the  dampers,  the  steam  being  then  ut  about 
thirty-five.  On  resuming  work  in  the  morning 
at  five  o'clock,  a.  m.,  the  gauges  generally 
showed  twenty-live  pounds  of  steam,  or  a  loss 
of  only  ten  puunds  during  the  night  as  the 
re&ult  of  radiation. 


Wall  Paplk  Impressions. — About  one 
year  ago,  some  tertile-miuded  genius  hit 
upon  the  idea  that  the  most  periect  imi- 
tations ol  different  kinds  of  woud  for  wall 
paper  would  be  impressions  taken  from 
the  wood  itself.  With  this  notion  in  his 
bead  he  went  to  work,  and  the  result  is, 
an  exact  copy  of  the  surface  of  the  plank 
in  use.  Thus  a  walnut  plank  is  planed 
off  and  from  its  surface  is  printed 
thousauds  of  sheets  of  wall  paper.  The 
same  process  produces/«c  similes  of  oak, 
mahogany,  maple,  and  in  lact,  all  kinds 
of  timber.  We  yesterday  examined  speci- 
mens of  this  beautiful  work  at  the  paper 
house  ol  Miller  &  Badger,  in  this  city, 
and  confess  our  astonishment  at  itB  com- 
pleteness. The  copies  are  like  printed 
sheets  from  engraved  plates.  Wueu  huug 
and  varnished  this  class  of  paper  presents 
a  rich  and  beautiful  appearance. 

Steam  on  City  Kallroads. — On  city 
cars  the  gieat  and  positive  objection  to 
steam  has  hitherto  been  the  noise  of  the 
exhaust  steam.  This  noise  is  entirely 
suppressed  by  an  appliance  adopted  by 
L.  J.  Todd,  Leith ,  Eugland.  He  uses  a  fan 
blast  and  drives  the  fan  with  a  turbine,  by 
changing  the  blast  nozzle  from  the  funnel, 
so  as  to  cause  it  to  discharge  the  extiaust 
steam  against  the  turbine.  The  waste 
steam  from  the  fan  is  led  into  the  funnel 
by  an  opening,  the  area  of  which  is  so  large 
as  to  positively  prevent  the  noise  usually 
occasioned  by  exhaust.  It  will  be  seen 
that  this  is  also  an  excellent  method  of  ap- 
plying blast,  as  it  is  increased  or  dim- 
inished just  in  proportion  to  the  rate  of 
speed,  and  ceases  when  it  is  not  wanted. 
An  auxiliary  pipe  from  the  boiler  direct 
can  be  used  to  drive  the  turbine  if  desir- 
able when  the  engine  is  standing  still. 

Why  Railroad  Bridges  Break. — A  corres- 
pondent of  the  Business  (J-uide  submits  the  fol- 
lowing theory :  It  is  the  custom  to  allow  trains 
to  approach  the  bridge  at  full  speed,  slacking 
up  ouly  when  immediately  before  and  while  on 
the  bridge.  The  brakes  are  thus  applied  to  the 
wheels  while  on  the  bridge;  the  rails  on  which 
the  wheels  are  running  must  therefore  resist 
the  momentum,  and  as  they  are  fastened  di- 
rectly to  the  bridge,  a  tremendous  longitudinal 
strain  is  brought  to  bear  upon  it.  Especially 
is  this  the  case  when  the  locomotive  has  passed 
over  and  the  train,  with  brakes  down,  is  still 
on  the  bridge.  To  illustrate  this  philosophy, 
take  a  small  wagon  and  place  it  on  a  light  table, 
lock  the  wheelB  and  attempt  to  draw  it  across 
the  table.  It  will  be  readily  seen  that  the  table 
is  drawn  over  in  the  same  direction. 


Burnt  Cast  Steel  that  has  been  spoiled  by 
overheating  can  be  partially  restored,  it  is  said, 
by  heating  it  over  and  quenching  in  water  four 
or  five  times,  each  of  less  extent  than  the  first 
overheating  and  decreasing;  lastly,  hammering 
the  steel  till  nearly  cold,  to  give  the  greatest 
condensation  before  hardening.  Some  prefer 
the  steel  thus  recovered  for  cutting  tools,  and 
the  treatment  really  produces  a  remarkable 
change,  as  a  fragment  of  the  same  bar  in  the" 
spoiled  state  will  be  extremely  coarse,  and 
another  of  the  restoration  as  extremely  fine. — 
17.  S.  B.  B.  and  M.  Register. 


A  cement  of  great  adhesive  power  may  be 
made  by  rubbing  together,  in  a  mortar,  two 
parts  of  nitrate  of  lime,  twenty-five  of  water 
and  twenty  of  powdered  gum  arabic,  this 
forming  a  transparent  cement  of  wonderful 
strength  and  applicable  to  wood,  porcelain, 
glass  and  stone.  The  surfaces  to  be  united 
Khould  be  painted  with  the  cement  and  firmly 
bound  together  until  the  drying  is  complete. 

The  Value  of  Pig  Iron  manufactured  in  the 
United  States  last  year  was  $75,000.0110.  The 
product  of  the  rolling  mills  and  forges  was 
$63,000,000,  the  value  of  other  manufactures 
was  $762,000,000,  and  the  entire  value  of  man- 
ufactured iron  for  the  year  was  $9,000,000. 


340 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[June  i,  1872. 


INING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  is  mostly  condtnsed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  theinterior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 

California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Mills. — Monitor  Miner,  May  18:  The 
two  quartz  mills  will  start  up  soon. 

Globe. — The  steam  hoisting  worts  are 
to  be  started  up  and  a  full  force  put  on 
shortly. 

Ore.— 200  lbs.  of  ore  from  the  M.  &.  N. 
W.  mine  assaying  over  $80  per  ton  was 
shipped  to  New  York  this  week. 

AMADOR  COUNTY- 

Govek. — Jackson  Ledger,  May  25:  The 
main  shaft  7  by  i%,  is  down  80  ft.,  with 
well  defined  ledge,  foot  and  hanging 
walls.  The  Co.  have  erected  hoisting 
works  of  a  substantial  character.  The 
rock  from  the  main  shaft  looks  remarkably 
well.  South  of  the  main  shaft  250  ft.,  an- 
other shaft  has  been  started  and  is  down 
25  ft.  The  rock  in  the  last  mentioned 
shaft  is  very  rich,  showing  free  gold  and 
rich  sulphurets. 

Good  Hope. — Preparations  are  being 
made  for  starting  up  this  mine  again. 

Mahogany. — This  mine,  near  Sutter,  is 
producing  very  rich  rock. 

Phoenix. — Jackson   Dispatch,    May   25: 
Preparations  were  commenced   this  week 
to  erect  a  40-stamp  mill  on  the  mine. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Gwin  Mine. — San  Andreas  Citizen,  May 
25:  This  mine  is  soon  to  get  under  full 
headway  again.  Mr.  Gleason  is  working 
the  lower  mill  and  mine,  and  has  struck 
rock  of  extraordinary  richness  in  the  300 
ft.  level. 
FRESNO  COUNTY.' 

Stayton  Mine. — Gilroy    Advocate,  May 
25th :  Five  pounds  of    cinnabar,   assayed 
gave  2  lbs.  4  oz.  pure  quicksilver. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Waucoba  Dist. — Inyo  Independent,  May 
18th  ;  Mr.  Brady  has  a  force  of  10  to  15 
men  employed  in  mining,  putting  up  a 
rook  breaker  and  making  preparations  for 
building  a  furnace. 

Cereo  Goedo. — An  extensive     strike  of 
lead  is  announced  in  the  Union  mine. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Shambock. — G.  V.  Union,  May  21:  In 
the  Shamrock  the  miners  are  down  on  the 
ledge  for  50  ft.  The  ledge  at  that  depth 
is  6  inches  thick  and  shows  well  in  sulphur- 
ets, galena  and  some  free  gold. 

Town  Talk. — Yesterday  we  saw  at  Find- 
ley's  bank  gold  dust  worth  at  least  $3,000, 
the  result  of  4  weeks  run.    The  expense  of 
the  run  was  under  $1,400. 
NAPA  COUNTY. 

Ovebland. — Napa  Reporter,  May  25  : 
This  Co. ,  near  Oakville,  have  struck  a  fine 
deposit  of  cinnabar. 

Blast. — 2, 800  lbs  of  giant  powder  was 
discharged  in  a  tunnel  60  ft  in  length  yes- 
terday at  Dutch  Plat.     It  shook  up   some 
20  acres  of  surface. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Pluming  Enteepeise. — Quincy  National, 
May  18th  :  Mr.  McVay,  of  Meadow  Val- 
ley, has  made  locations,  and  been  busy 
securing  titles,  &c,  with  a  view  of.  con- 
structing a  flume  through  the  valley,  to 
carry  off  the  immense  deposits  of  tailings 
in  Spanish  Creek,  and  also  a  branch  flume 
to  work  the  Elizabethtown  flat. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Items — Banner  District. — San  Diego 
Union,  May  16th  :  Two-fifths  of  the  Ante- 
lope mill  and  mine,  were  sold  to  Chester 
Gunn  for  $5,000  on  the  7th  inst.  One- 
fifth  of  the  same  property  was  sold  on  the 
same  day  to  J.  E.  Duprez  for  $2,500. 

Stonewall. — The  new  steam  pump  has 
a  capacity  of  7,000  gallons  per  hour.  The 
engine  recently  purchased — 40  horse 
power — has  been  placed  in  position,  and 
the  mill  has  been  entirely  re-set.  In  about 
30  days  they  will  add  to  the  5  stamps  they 
use  at  present,  an  additional  5. 

San  Diego  Bulletin,  May  18th :  Thomp- 
son &  Bice,  the  discoverers  of  the  ledge 
some  14  miles  west  of  Julian,  are  running 
a  tunnel  in  the  hill,  about  130  ft  from 
where  they  discovered  the  ledge,  intending 
to  strike  it  50  ft  below  the  surface.  They 
have  tunneled  120  ft,  and  expect  to  find 
the  ledge  within  25  ft  further.  The  crop- 
pings  are  rich. 
SISKIYOU  COUNTY. 

Resumed.— Yreka     Union,     May     18th : 
"Work  has  been  resumed  .  on   the   Siskiyou 
Quartz  ledge  on  the  Middle  Pork  of  Hum- 
bug. 
TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

Golden  Gate  Lode. — Sonora  Independ- 
ent, May  25th :  This  lode  continues  to  pros- 
pect well,  and  several  extensions  have  been 


looated  to  the  extent  of  nearly  2  miles; 
all  of  which  prospect  as  well  as  the  origi- 
nal,    It  is  4  ft  10  %  inches  wide. 

Chispa. — A  fine  nugget  of  pure  gold, 
weighing  about  $20,  was  found,  one  day 
last  week,  on  the  Columbia  and  James- 
town road. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Railroad  District.— Elko  Independent, 
May  25th  :  The  State  of  Maine  tunnel  on 
Gold  Hill,  has  struck  a  large  body  of  pay 
ore  at  the  back  end  of  the  tunnel  within 
20  or  25  ft  of  a  90  ft  shaft.  The  Last 
Chance  on  Bunker  Hill,  has  an  incline 
shaft  90  ft  deep,  which  has  opened  out  an 
immense  body  of  rich  ore,  from  which 
has  been  extracted  some  400  tons  of  first 
class  ore.  The  Hussey  tunnel  has  struck 
a  fine  ledge  of  first  class  ore,  and  has 
upon  the  dump  100  tons  of  ore. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT- 

The  Cons. — Eureka  Sentinel,  May  18th  : 
Two  additional  furnaces  to  be  erected  im- 
mediately. 

Work  to  be  Resumed. — Workis  to  be  re- 
sumed this  week  on  some  mines  belong- 
ing to  Alec.  O'Neil  and  others,  in  the  Dia- 
mond range. 

Orange  Mine. — Is  near  the  summit  of 
Prospect  Mountain.  An  incline  is  down 
several  hundred  feet  and  rich  ore  is  being 
extracted.  Recently  a  large  body  of  high 
grade   ore  was  found  in  the  upper  level. 

Richmond  Co. — This  Co.   will   start  up 
their  large  furnaces  of  74  tons  capacity  on 
Monday  next. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Local  Review — Ely  Record,  May  19: 
Bullion. — This  week  W.  P.  &  Co.  shipped 
$90,131,98. 

Amazon. — The  main  shaft  is  down  65  ft. 
showing  ore  throughout,  assays  from 
which  run  from  $60  to  $300  per  ton. 

Spring  M.  Tunnel. — Have  commenced 
work  on  the  ledge  struck  in  the  winze 
sunk  from  the  chamber  opened  up  where 
the  first  ledge  was  cut.  The  ore  shows 
well  in  the  face  of  the  drift. 

Condor. — Old  shaft  down  110  feet  and 
still  sinking  on  contract. 

Vanderbilt. — The  shaft  is  down  125  ft. 
The  rock  in  the  bottom  is  changing  for 
the  better,  quartz  coming  in,  and  pros- 
pects excellent.  At  a  depth  of  150  ft.  a 
drift  will  be  run. 

Chapman. — The  main  shaft  is  down 
about  300  f t. ,  and  still  sinking.  The  mine 
is  well  opened,  and  has  about  350  ft.  of 
drifts  run  on  the  ledge. 

Page  &  Panaca.— Shaft  down  230  ft.,' 
and  sinking  rapidly. 

Chief  op  the  Hill. — The  ledge  in  the 
west  winze  continues  to  widen,  and  shows 
mineral  4  ft.  in  width. 

Gray  Eagle. — The  shaft  is  down  25  ft. 
and  shows  ledge  matter  3  ft.  in  width, 
with  ore  throughout. 

Highland  Dist. — Othello  M. — Work- 
ing in  tunnel  on  west  end,  and  shaft  on 
east.  Assays  run  from  $50  to  $500  per 
ton. 

Excelsior. — Connections  for  air  have 
been  made.  On  Friday  night  last  cut 
into  a  solid  vein  of  ore  on  the  lower  level, 
115  ft.    from  the  surface. 

San  Jose  Cons. — Main  shaft  down  90  ft. 
and  shaft  from  the  bottom  of  this,  follow- 
ing the  ledge,  down  the  same  distance, 
showing  mineral  throughout. 

Arkansas. — Sinking  the  shaft  with  3 
shilts,  and  down  about  110  ft.  Between 
35  and  40  tons  of  good  ore   on  the   dump. 

Spring  Mound. — Commenced  timbering 
the  shaft  on  Saturday  last . 

Stirling. — Shaft  down  98  ft. ;   ledge  in 
bottom  5  ft.  wide,  ore  looks   well   and   as- 
says over  $100  to  the   ton. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  State,  May 
25:   Amount  shipped    from    the   Arizona, 
since  our  last  issue,  was  $7,770. 
REESE  RIVER. 

Oregon. — Reese  "BXvexReveille,  May  18: 
Never  looked  better;  large  quantities  of 
magnificent  ore  coming  out. 

Saybbook.— Taking  out  ore  from  the 
110  and  150  ft.  levels;  ledge  12  inches 
wide;  ore  fair,  fifteen  tons  on  hand;  work- 
10  men. 

North  Star  Shapt. — Wyman  &  Co., 
have  about  30  tons  of  high  grade  ore  on 
hand;  ledge  looking  well.  O'Neil  &  Co., 
have  about  20  tons  of  good  ore  out  and 
are  getting  more,  mine  looks  fine. 

Grovo  Tunnel.- — Working  10  men, 
Rich  ore  is  coming  from  the  225-ft.  level; 
ledge  10  to  12  inches  wide. 

South  Sonoma. — Sinking  incline  in  the 
east  level  in  good  sulphuret  ore;  driving 
ahead  in  upper  level  but  getting  no  ore; 
5  men  at  work. 

Lane  &  Fuller — Pacific  Co. — Work- 
ing 50  men  at  4  levels;  getting  ore  from 
all  the  levels;  since  our  last  report  the  Co. 


have  had  60  tons  worked,  of  which  the 
first-class  went  $930  per  ton,  the  2d-class 
$310,  and  the  3-class  $150;  50  tons  ready 
for  the  mill. 

Saratoga. — Ledge  6  to  18  inches  wide; 
working  10  men;  about  20  tons  in  the 
house. 

West  Troy  Incline. — Pay  has  just  been 
struck;  incline  300  ft.  deep;  hoisting  by 
means  of  a  whim;  working  4  men. 

Diana. — Getting  first-class  ore. 

Morgan  and  Muncey. — Good  ore  com- 
ing out;  ledge  holds  out  well. 

Pruyn  and  Pullen. — Getting  very  fair 
ore;  looking  better  than  at  last  report; 
working  6  men;  incline  down  200  ft. 

Dollarhide  Incline. — Working  6  men; 
running  cross-cut  to  strike  the  ledge  at 
300  ft. 

Semanthe. — Working  2  men  at  160  ft. 
level;  six  inch  ledge;  looking  very  good; 
abont  5  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump. 

Iowa  Tunnel. — Hatfield,  Braggs  &  Co. 
are  running  the  tunnel  ahead  to  cut  the 
Hubbard  ledge;  have  cut  3  ledges  in  run 
ning  the  tunnel  200  ft. 

Whilatch  Union. — Three  Cos.  at  work. 
Reed  &  Co.  are  running  hoisting  works  and 
working  4  men  at  the  218  ft.  level;  getting 
an  average  of  $200  per  ton. 

Sam  Bbannan. — Incline  down  1 50  ft. ;  at 
the  last  crushing  the  first-class  ore  went 
$600  per  ton,  second-class  $135,  third-class 
$75. 

Virginia  Shaft. — Ledge  6  to  10  inches 
Wide;    ore  fair  at  100   ft.,  working  4  men. 

Patriot. — Incline  down  200  ft. ,  at  which 
point  the  ledge  is  18  inches  thick  and  the 
ore  very  rich;  working  4  men. 

Oakley  and  Jamison. — Tunnel  in  75  ft. ; 
in  exceedingly  rich  ore,  with  a  good  sized 


Manhattan. — This  mill  is  steadily  at 
work  night  and  day. 

Citizen's  Mill. — In  statu  quo.. 

Wren's  Concentbatoe. — These  works 
are  shut  down  for  a  thorough  overhauling. 

Belmont — El  Doeado  South. — Double 
shafts  have  been  put  on  every  breast.  The 
340  ft.  levels  are  going  ahead  2  ft.  per 
day.  The  sinking  of  the  main  incline  is 
being  pushed  ahead.  On  Thursday  last 
very  rich  black  metal  ore  was  struck  at  the 
extreme  bottom,  375  feet  from  the  surface, 
and  the  indications  are  that  an  immense 
body  of  this  ore  is  at  hand.  Working  31 
men. 

Lida  Valley  and  Columbus. —  The 
"  Lida  Belie"  at  10  ft.  shows  about  16 
inches  of  high  grade  ore.  A  contract  has 
been  let  to  continue  the  shaft  to  20  ft.  At 
Columbus,  the  5-stamp  mill  of  Sweetwater, 
Hazelton  &  Co.  is  running  steadily  on  ore 
from  the  Cos.  mines  and  custom  ore. 

WASHOE. 

Belcher. — Gold  Hill  News,  May  25: 
Daily  yield  300  tons,  from  the  1,100ft. 
level  principally.  The  Belcher  folks  have 
got  their  new  hoisting  machinery  nearly 
all  in  place  at  their  shaft,  and  the  works 
will  be  ready  to  start  up  about  the  first  of 
next  month.  The  incline  is  down  to  the 
1,000-ft.  level,  and  drifting  both  ways  from 
it  and  toward  it  is  being  energetically 
prosecuted.  There  is  about  400  ft.  of  in- 
tervening ground  to  driftthrough  between 
the  incline  and  the  workings  at  that  level 
before  the  connection  will  be  effected. 
The  1,200-ft.  level  is  opening  out  finely 
and  looking  better  than  ever. 

Hale  &  Nobcboss. — Daily  yield  130  tons 
principally  from  the  north  portion  of  the 
1400-f  t  level.  The  ore  breasts  of  the  1400- 
foot  level  are  being  extended  northward 
and  upward  in  the  vein,  the  highest  raise 
above  the  sill  floor  being  nearly  50  ft, 
showing  the  ore  to  be  of  inferior  charac- 
to  that  below,  not  averaging  so  well.  The 
north  drift  has  reached  the  Savage  line 
and  will  connect  with  the  drift  being  run 
from  that  mine  for  ventilation.  At  the 
1500-ft  level  the  east  drift  is  in  115  ft  from 
the  incline.  The  north  drift  is  in  93  ft 
from  the  incline,  and  is  altogether  in  the 
west  country  rock — west  of  the  ledge. 

Savage. — Daily  yield,  190  tons,  averag- 
ing as  per  assay  $27.  At  the  1500-ft  level 
the  drift  south  is  being  pushed  ahead  to 
connect  with  the  drift  from  the  Hale  & 
Norcross  for  air.  The  cross-cut  from  this 
drift  is  being  vigorously  driven  ahead. 
Breasting  out  ore  body  in  the  winze  is 
commenced,  and  it  is  opening  out  finely. 
Work  on  the  north  drift  at  the  1500-ft 
level  is  suspended  for  want  of  proper  ven- 
tilation at  present. 

Crown  Point. — There  was  quite  a  de- 
crease of  the  usual  ore  production  this 
week,  owing  to  trouble  with  water  tapped 
at  the  1300-ft  level. 

Yellow  Jacket. — Daily  yield  about  25 
tons  of  fair  grade  ore  from  the  old  work- 
ings. 

Justice. — The  water  is  at  last  reduced 
in  the  shaft  down  nearly  to  the  track  floor 


of  the  drift  at  the  400-ft  level.  The  Co. 
are  taking  out  some  very  good  paying  ore 
from  their  portion  of  the  old  Waller's  De- 
feat ground. 

Overman. — The  pumps  are  put  in,  and 
sinking  the  main  shaft  deeper  will  be  re- 
sumed at  once.  The  west  drift  of  the  1000- 
foot  level  is  in  good  working  ground  with 
promising  indications. 

Chollab-Potosi. — Daily  yield  160  tons, 
from  the  old  workings.  The  main  shaft 
and  incline  of  the  Co.  is  being  cleaned  out 
to  deeper  sinking  and  prospecting. 

Imperial-Empire.— The  two  drifts  to- 
ward the  Imperial  and  Empire  mines  re- 
spectively, at  the  1650-ftlevel  have  neither 
reached  the  ledge  as  yet,  but  will  shortly. 

Ophir.— The  main  drift  at  the  1100-ft 
level  is  in  400  ft,  and  cross  cutting  east 
from  the  end  of  it  was  commenced  Tues- 
day. 

Buckeye. — A  new  and  very  promising 
development  of  $60  ore  is  made  in  the 
south  drift  at  the  100-ft  level. 

Daney.— Shaft  45  ft  below  the  500-foot 
level  and  still  sinking,  although  with  con- 
siderable water  to  contend  with.  Drifting 
north  at  the  500-ft  level  is  going  on  ener- 
getically. 

McMeans. — The  new  tunnel  has  tapped 
the  back  ledge,  and  good  milling  ore  is 
being  taken  out. 

Julian. — T  he  800-f t  station  has  been 
reached  by  the  shaft,  which  progresses 
deeper  at  the  rate  of  3  ft  a  day. 

Gold  Hill  Tunnel. — The  new  shaft 
of  the  1000-ft  station  of  the  tunnel,  is 
fairly  commenced  and  being  sunk  rapidly. 

Gould  &  Cubry. — The  incline  is  being 
sunk  a  the  rate  of  3  ft  a  day.  The  east 
drift  from  the  tenth  station  is  also  pro- 
gressing satisfactorily. 

Sdccob. — New  shaft  is  down  80  ft,  and 
work  progressing  well. 

Silver  Hill. — Shaft  enlarged  and  thor- 
oughly retimbered  110  ft. 

Baltimore. — New  engine  and  other  ma- 
chinery being  put  in  place  and  sinking 
the  main   shaft  rapidly. 

Sutro  Tunnel.— Entire  length  2,893  ft. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines — Ebeehaedt. — 
White  Pine  News,  May  18:  Breasting  out 
and  running  ore  through  the  tunnel  to  No. 
15  loading  station.  The  grade  is  of  a  fair 
milling  quality. 

Waed  Beecheb. — Connection  is  made 
with  the  Phillpotts  chamber  to  the  drift 
leading  to  the  Engine  shaft.  A  force  of 
men  is  at  work  in  the  North  end  of  the 
mine,  on  good  ore. 

North  Auboba. — There  has  never  been 
discovered  in  White  Pine  Dist.  a  richer 
and  more  extensive  body  of  ore  than  is 
in  sight  in  the  Lady's  chamber  and  other 
openings  of  this  mine.  From  present 
appearance,  we  should  judge  that  the  ore 
supply  from  this  one  mine  alone  would 
keep  the  mills  of  the  Co.  running  for  at 
least  a  year,  with  a  probability  of  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  ore  for  a  much  longer 
time.  There  is  about  100  tons  of  ore  ex- 
tracted daily  from  the  North  Aurora  and 
Ward  Beecher. 

Noonday. — The  grade  of  the  ore  has 
increased  since  last  reported  on. 

Beecheb  Cons.  M.  &  M.  Co. — The  mines 
of  the  corporation,  consisting  of  300  ft.  of 
the  Ward  Beecher  Cons,  and  325  ft.  of 
South  Ex.  Hidden  Treasure,  are  showing 
well.  In  the  Anchor  tunnel  incline,  the 
ore  extracted  will  mill  $35  to  $50  to  the 
ton. 

East  Sheboygan. — Work  is  prosecuted 
vigorously  and  there  is  a  marked  improve- 
ment in  the  appearance  of  the  ore  body 
since  our  last  Review. 

Copper  Glance. — Work  in  the  north 
drift  is  going  ahead  with  favorable  in  dica- 
tions  of  soon  coming  into  a  body  of  good 
ore. 

Second  South  Ex.  Hidden  Treasure. — 
Work  progresses  in  the  north  shaft  with 
good  indications. 

Outside  Dists. — Bald  M.  dist.  is  60 
miles  South  of  Elko,  in  the  Ruby  range 
of  mountains.  There  are  copper  and  sil- 
ver ledges  showing  well-defined  walls. 
There  are  parties  negotiating  for  the  pur- 
chase of  several  of  the  copper  and  silver 
mines. 

Robison  Dist.— The  Canton  will  start 
up  the  furnace,  recently  purchased,  as 
soon  as  coal  is  at  hand.  The  mines  owned 
by  the  Co.,  are  looking  well.  There  is  a 
large  amount  of  ore  on  the  dumps,  ready 
to  be  shipped  to  the  furnace.  There  are  at 
least  100  mines  discovered. 

Arizona. 

Yavapai  Co. — Mines  and  Mining. — 
Prescott  Miner,  May  11:  Shaft  is  down 
about  20  ft.,  at  which  depth  there  is  an 
immense  body  of  ore,  much  of  which, 
yields  50  per  cent,  silver.  The  rock  also 
carries  considerable  gold. 

J.  Cusenbary  has  gone  to  work  on  his 


June  i,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


341 


silver  mine,  near  Castle  Creek,  pieces  of 
ore  from  which  have  assayed  as  high  as 
$25,000  to  the  ton.  There  is  on  the  mine 
a  shaft  i~>  ft.  in  depth. 

Colorado. 

Shipment.  —Georgetown  Miner,  May  9: 
Since  last  report,  G.  W.  Hull  A:  Co,  have 
crashed,  sampled,  packed  and  shipped  80,116 
lhs.  of  ore. 

Baily  A:  Nott  have  forwarded  100,955  lhs  of 
ore. 

The  amount  of  ore  crushed,  sampled  aiul 
Backed  at  the  mill  uf  the  Snowdrift  Limited, 
during  the  past  month,  was  91,090  lbs.  This 
on  assayed  from  70  to  1,000  ozs.  pur  ton  of  *2,- 

Palmei  A  Nichols  have  shipped  bullion  ban 
as  follows  :  Apr.  lith,  bar,  654*90  ozs. ;  736  fine  ; 
9623.20,  coin  value.  Apr.  11,  601*95  ozs. ;  839 
■  17.77,  coin  value.  Apr.  34,  1,235*95 
osi.;  B31  fine  ;  L,3  17  EK>,  coin  value.  Apr.  80, 
bar,  '-]  ozs.;  -  I  •'  94,  coin  value. 

bar,  755*30  ozs.; 660  tine  ;  $546  84,  coin 
value. 

Items. — Hood  A-  Co.  have  oommenoed  min- 
ing on  a  lar^e  scale  on  Clear  Creek  and  Colum- 
bian Mt.  They  are  working  three  lodes,  the 
Goshen,  Burnett,  and  Martha.  These  lodes 
show  front  I  inches  to  1  ft.  of  ore,  which  car- 
ries from  '200  to  500  ozs.  of  silver  per  ton. 

A  number  Of  samples  of  ore  from  the  newly 
discovered  mines  on  the  head  of  the  Sun  Juan 
riv.-r.  Conejos  Co.,  have  been  assayed.  The 
riohesl  uru  was  from  a  lode  Known  as  the  Little 
Giant,  which  yielded  (31,267  ;  52  in  gold,  and 
$119  OM  iu  silver  per  ton.  A  number  of  sam- 
ples of  silver  ore  from  the  vicinity  of  Loma,  in 
Costilla  Co.,  assayed  from $42  to  $76  per  ton. 

Mining  News.— The  Argyle  T.  and  M.  Co. 
are  running  a  tunnel  into  Bud  Eagle,  on  the 
north  side  of  Clear  Creek,  about  5'4  miles  be- 
low Georgetown. 

The  Judd  &  Co.  works  are  going  forward 
finely. 

Caribou  iW,  May  11  :  S.  S.  Moore  &  Co. 
are  drifting  on  the  Silver  Foiut  and  taking  out 
a  Large  quantity  of  valuable  ore.  The  Boulder 
lode  is  about  to  be  re-opened.  Stewart's  mill, 
Georgetown,  will  be  ready  in  about  a  month  to 
commence  reducing  ores  again. 

Central  Register,  May  8  :  Bates  &  Son  started 
their  new  mill,  in  Nevada  Gulch,  last  Tuesday. 

Fiske  Lode. — Same  paper,  13th  :  Mining 
matters  on  the  Fiske  lode  are  quite  active,  and 
ore  in  considerable  quantities  is  being  taken 
out. 

St.  Louis  S.  &.  It.  Co.— Central  Herald, 
May  15  :  The  works  of  this  Company  are  rap- 
idly approaching  completion. 

The  continual  new  discoveries  of  rich  and 
extensive  silver  deposits  on  Mts.  Lincoln  and 
Bross,  in  the  South  Park,  is  exciting  much  at- 
tention, and  attracting  hundreds  of  adventur- 
ous miners, 

Carlboct.—  The  Silver  Point  is  said  to  be  very 
wide,  and  assays  give  a  yield  of  from  $5,000  to 
$15,000. 

Nevada. — On  the  Ophir  Co.'s  property  on 
the  Kansas  lode  26  men  are  employed. 

East  of  the  Ophir  property  on.  the  Kansas, 
Solomon  Row  &  Co.  have  sunk  a  shaft  over 
•2G0_  ft  and  have  struck  fair  pay. 

Again  east  of  this  George  Estabrook  is  work- 
ing men  on  the  the  University's  claim,  and  is 
taking  out  weekly  8  cords  of  C   oz.  milling  ore. 

On  the  next  property  east  "Wollcott  &,  Lewis 
have  again  commenced  to  sink  the  shaft  on 
their  claim  and  are  working  4  men  at  stoping, 
who  are  taking  out  about  0  cords  of  5  oz.  ore. 

Root  &  Co.  are  working  claim  east  of  AVol- 
cott  &  Lewis,  and  removing  from  the  mine 
large  quantities  of  5  oz.  milling  ore. 

Idaho. 

Local  Record — Ida  Ellmobe. — Owyhee 
Avalanche,  May  18:  From  the  appearance  of  the 
ore  taken  from  the  winze,  which  is  down  80  ft. 
below  the  7th  level,  we  are  compelled  to  believe, 
that  the  Elhnore  will  turn  out  vastly  more  bul- 
lion during  the  coming  summer,  than  was  ever 
taken  out  in  one  year  before.  In  the  winze 
referred  to,  the  ore  is  immensely  rich  both  in 
gold  and  silver;  with  a  ledge  averaging  from 
2  to  3  ft.  in  width.  The  shaft  is  down  40  ft. 
for  the  8th  level,  sinking  hard.  The  ore  house 
is  full  to  overflowing. 

Minnessota. — This  mine  is  being  worked 
with  about  32  men,  taking  out  daily  from  12  to 
15  tons  of  ore.  The  north  drift  is  in  40,  and 
the  south  20  ft.  They  are  also  sinking  a  winze 
from  2d  to  3d  level,  which  is  down  about  40  ft. 
showing  a  good  vein  of  ore. 

Mahogany. — Talcing  out  15  to  20  tons  per  day. 
The  5th  level  is  showing  splendidly.  The 
winze  between  the  4th  and  5th  levels  has  ex- 
posed a  rich  vein  all  the  way  as  far  as  sunk  and 
raised.  The  5th  level  drift  has  opened  the 
vein  over  100  ft.,  and  the  foreman  informs  us 
that  he  will  soon  commence  sinking  both  shaft 
and  winze  for  the  Uth  level.  Two  bars  of  Ma- 
hogany bullion  were  shipped  to  S.  F.  on  the 
28ult.,  valued  at  §10,414,30. 

South  Chariot. — The  main  or  engine  shaft  is 
being  repaired  rapidly. 

Empiee. — The  winze  is  down  nearly  GO  ft., 
and  the  shaft  35  ft.,  both  being  worked  with 
men  on  8-hour  shifts. 

Wah  Eagle. — There  is  a  large  amount  of  ore 
on  the  dump. 

Golden  Chariot. — Superintendent  Phelby 
has  ceased  sinking  in  the  winze  and  is  enlarg- 
ing it  to  make  apart  of  the  shaft.  The  shaft 
is  being  straightened  and  set  back  on  the 
ledge,  and  will  be  4x12  ft.  in  the  clear,  with  3 
compartments. 

Sands  &  Co.  continue  taking  splendid  look- 
ing ore  from  the  Illinois  Central. 


The  Blue  Jacket  is  about  being  started  up. 

Ha*.-.  A:  HuKPKBKXhave  started  up  their  aras- 
tru,  and  will  keep  it  running  all  summer. 
Trask's  arastra  is  also  running. 


Oregon. 


Silver. — Jacksonville  Thnu :  T.  Murray 
showed  us  a  One  speoimen  of  silver  ore,  taken 
out  of  a  ledge  recently  discovered  on  t  i 
side  of  Goose  Lake.  The  ledge  is  4  ft.  in 
width  and  well  defined,  and  the  assay  at  IU  ft. 
gives  $05  per  ton. 

Utah. 

S.  L.  Tr'thani',  May  21st  :  Base  Bulliox. — 
Durant  &  Cutting  shipped  last  week  several  car 
loads  of  bullion  mainly  from  Flagstaff  and 
Winnnemuo  mines.  The  SVLunemuc  iu  turning 
out  $1,000  worth  of  bullion  daily. 

TlNTXO. — A  tine  body  of  ore  has  been  struck 
in  the  Copperopolis,  assaying  from  $50  to  $130 
in  Bilver  and  carrying  some  5  ounces  of  gold  to 
the  tou- 

The  Sierra  Mine. — In  American  Fork,  has 
resumed  operations  for  thu  coming  summer. 
The  owners  are  in  drifting  on  the  ledge,  and 
from  the  start  have  been  taking   out    $100  ore. 

CiEWXBXON, — There  are  but  2  Cos.  that  are  ex- 
tensively at  work  but  several  ullnrs  are  making 
preparations  to  commence  at  an  early  day. 

Liitlk  Cottonwood. — The  Enterprise  is 
down  05  ft,  with  a  vein  of  good  galena  ore  from 
3  to  4  ft  wide.  The  vein  is  stripped  70  ft  and 
shows  this  width  the  whole  distance. 

The  Gladiator  tunnel  is  complete  400  feet, 
with  indications  of  ore  at  hand. 

The  Great  North-Western,  is  to  be  worked 
vigorously  from  this  time  forward. 

The  Christina  near  the  Davenport,  shows, 
at  the  40  ft,  a  vein  ore  one  foot  in  width  that 
assays  $200  to  the  ton. 

Botterfield  Canon. — Cor.  same:  "Cum- 
mings  &  Co.  have  about  30  men  employed 
working  on  the  "Lucky  Boy,"  and  have  a  large 
body  of  chloride  ore  in  sight,  which  assays  from 
$500  to  $1,000  per  ton.  The  Gladstone  have  a 
tunnel  in  120  ft.  that  will  tap  the  ledge  at  150 
ft.,  also  an  incline  shaft  down  50  ft.  with  a  6 
ft.  body  of  splendid  mineral  giving  an  average 
assay  of  $200  per  ton. 

East  Tintic. — Cor.  same:  "The  owners  of 
the  Ella  are  busily  at  work  sinking  their  shaft. 
The  vein  is  chiefly  carbonate  and  galena.  The 
Susan,  second  south  extension,  is  down  90  ft. ; 
it  has  a  good  vein  of  carbonate  and  galena. 

Cross  cutting  on  the  Bowers  is  being  hurried 
along. 

The  St.  Laurence  is  looking  well  as  the  shaft 
progresses.  The  Silver  Bell  near  the  Ocean 
mine  is  looking  promising,  it  has  an  ore  streak 
of  about  4  ft.  and  assays  well.  The  1st  south- 
ern extension  of  the  Showers  mine,  has  3  shafts 
down,  one  36  ft.  It  has  a  vein  of  4  ft.,  with 
an  ore  streak  averaging  22  inches,  composed  of 
carbonate  and  galona. 


Mining  Discoveries. — A  new  gold  mine  has 
been  discovered  on  the  Santiam  River  about 
lo  miles  from  Lebanon,  Oregon,  and  rich  lead 
mines  have  been  found  in  the  Santiam  district, 
in  the  Cascade  mountains.  James  Edelman 
recently  sold  a  gold-bearing  quartz  ledge  sit- 
uated near  Glover's  Ferry,  on  the  Snake  river, 
Oregon,  for  $750,  and  tben  went  off  a  few  miles 
and  found  a  better  one. 

A  body  of  cinnabar  is  reported  to  have  been 
struck  in  a  claim  near  Pacheco  Pass  about  30 
miles  from  Gilroy.  The  specimens  exhibited 
are  rich  and  the  owner  states  the  quantity  of 
ore  to  be  large. 

Gold  is  reported  to  have  been  found  by  L. 
Mesmer  in  gravel  taken  out  of  the  excavation 
for  a  cellar  on  Fort  Street,  in  Los  Angeles.  The 
News  saysthatit  is  not  improbable  that  there  are 
rich  deposits  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of 
the  town. 


San    Francisco    Stock    and    Exchange 
Board. 

TuriwuAY,  May  30th. 

The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending 
Wednesday  22d  ult,  amounted  to  $3,030,000. 
The  sum  of  513,000  was  received  from  the 
Pioche  mine  on  the  24th  inst.  The  last  weekly 
reportof  the  Crown  Point  mine  shows  a  pro- 
duction of  2,180  tons,  valued  at  $67,800.  The 
Raymond  &.  Ely  sent  down  $31,000  on  the 
25th  Lnat.  The  Sale  \  Norcrosa  mine  turned 
"lit  580  tons  of  ore  last  week,  and  has 2,400 tons 
on  the  dumps.  The  Savage  yielded  1,880  tons, 
assaying  $24.80  per  ton.  The  Chollar  Potosi 
mine  produced  last  week  1,000  tons  of  ore,  aver- 
aging $40.20  per  ton.  The  number  of  shares  in 
the  Con.  Virginia  have  been  raised  from  11,600 
to  23,000.  The  receipts  of  the  Pioche  mine  for 
the  year  ending  April  1st,  were  $232,232  includ- 
ing $182,000  from  bullion,  and  $30,000  from 
assessments.  The  disbursements  were  §227,42-1. 
About  1,057  tons  averaging  $172  per  ton  were 
reduced.  The  following  dividends  have  been 
paid  this  month:  Belcher  M.  Co.  $312,000; 
Black  Diamond  Coal  Co.  $25,000;  Crown  Point 
fcl.  Co.  $480,000;  Meadow  Valley  M.  Co 
$00,000;  Raymond  &  Ely  M.  Co.  $210,000 
Yule  Gravel  M.  Co.  $5,000. 

Stocks  have  been  rather  quiet  during  the  week, 
and  buyers  were  scarcer  than  they  have  been  for 
some  time.  On  Friday,  the  24th  ult,  the  market 
was  firmer  than  on  the  previous  day,  and  all  the 
Washoe  descriptions  exhibited  an  improvement. 
On  Saturday  stocks  were  comparatively  active  at 
irregular  prices,  and  almost  all  kinds  showed 
some  advance  over  previous  days  sales.  On 
Monday  morning  they  fell  again  quite  materi- 
ally, and  the  afternoon  session  showed  a  still 
further  decline.  On  Tuesday  there  was  a  gen- 
eral break  in  the  Board,  and  everything  tum- 
bled. From  the  prices  of  the  previous  day 
Alpha  declined  $14;  Caledonia,  $17;  Chollar 
Potosi,  $20;  Crown  Point,  $20;  Confidence, 
$10;  Con.  Virginia,  $7;  Exchequer,  $11;  Gould 
&  Curry,  $52;  Hale  &  Norcross,  $28;  Kentuck, 
$40;  Ophir,  $7;  O.  H.  Treasure,  $3;  Overman, 
$10;  Pioche,  $2;  Ravmond  &Ely,  $8;  Segre- 
gated Belcher,  $20;  "Yellow  Jacket,  $31;  Im- 
perial fell  $70  from  Saturday.  On  Wednesday 
they  recovered  slightly  from  the  severe  de- 
pression of  the  day  before  and  prices  advanced 
a  little.  The  market  this  morning  was  much 
better,  and  the  general  advance  of  yesterday 
was  sustained. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes,  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

May  23.     Highent.   Lowest.    May  30.    Hdo.  Dec, 
57%       75  _        _ 


Mining  Accidents. — Wm.  Hendry,  a  miner, 
working  in  the  Gwin  mine,  Calaveras  Co.,  was 
instantly  killed  last  week,  by  being  struck  in 
the  head  by  the  iron  bucket,  and  knocked  off 
the  ladder  while  he  was  ascending  the  shaft. 

John  Williams  of  the  Idaho  mine  was  carried 
over  the  dumps  with  a  car  last  week,  and  was 
badly  hurt  about  the  head  and  shoulders  by  the 
fall. 

An  Englishman,  named  Davy,  was  killed  in 
the  Emma  mine,  U.  T.,  on  the  22nd  inst.,  by  a 
mass  of  rock  and  earth  that  fell  on  him. 


The  City  Iron  Wobbs. — Lewis  &  Morrill, 
proprietors,  28  Fremont  street  in  this  city  has 
been  recently  remodelled  throughout  and 
much  enlarged. 

Attention  is  paid  particularly  to  architectural 
and  ornamental  iron  work,  under  the  supervi- 
sion of  Mr.  Oscar  Lewis  who  has  made  this 
department  of  business  a  specialty  for  the  past 
twelve  years.  A  large  amount  of  agricultural 
and  foundry  work  is  also  turned  out  here,  to 
which  the  attention  of  all  interested  is  called. 
This  establishment  is  now  employing  about  50 
men. 


Steam  Pumps. — The  use  of  steam  pumps 
seems  to  be  extending  on  this  coast.  Mr.  W.  D. 
Hooker  has  furnished  among  other  orders,  his 
California  made  steam  pumps  for  the  following 
parties:  Globe  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  Alpine  Co,; 
Phcenix  mine,  Amador  Co.";  Copper  mine 
Copperopolis;  S.  F.  Sugar  Refinery;  City  Gar- 
dens; Steamer  H.  Hutchingson;  Steamer  Crow- 
quill;  sixteen  in  Oakland  for  irrigating  and 
others  purposes. 


50 


.  30 


:&ili 


Alpha 

American  Flag. 
Belcher — .. ... 

Buckeye 

Ulndlar-Potosi. 

Caledonia 

Cons.  Virginia.. 
Crown  Point... 

Daney 

Eureka  Cods... 

i'  ureka 

Kx chequer 

Gould  it  Curry. 
Golden  Chariot. .  Y& 
Hale  &  NorcrosB- U7.'£ 

Ida  Elmore 19 

Imperial — 

Kentuck 350 

Mam  m<  ith — 

Meadow  Valley..  \t>% 

Mahogany IT 

Ophir 44 

Orig.  Hid-  Treas.  14,^ 

Overman 85 

Pioche 17 

Raymond  &  Ely,  125 

Savage  220 

Sierra  Nevada...  20jg 

Succor W 

Wash.*  Creole..    $% 
Yellow  Jacket...  149 

Justice  — 

Seg.  Belcher —  95 


ft)g 


90 

17 

1050 

125 

69 

50 
140 
4% 


425 
2 
20 


lufl 

WA 
135 


875 
4M 
95 


25 

W 


,l& 


12 
70 

14 
116 


127 
12 
70 


13.) 

29-tJ 


220 
330 

m 

lflX 


15& 
130 
225 

21 
5% 

a% 

135 


USJj 

2>% 

% 

13 


11%       -       1% 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 

BID.  A6KEI). 


Alpha  Cons.. 

Amador — 

lielcher 875 

Chnlkir-Potosi..  99 
Crown  Point....    130 

Daney 3*4 

EurekaCons,...      2%% 

Eureka 15 

■  J  olden  Chariot.  10 
Gould  &  Curry.  230 
Hale  &  Norcross     94 


Tda  Elmore 17.'u 

Imperial 220 

Kentuck 330 

Meadow  Valley..    15 

Ophir 28% 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas    13'4 

Overman ,.     76 

Savage 222% 

Raymond  A  Ely.    130 
Sierra  Nevada. . .     2Q% 


225 
335 

lS.'-i 

40 

13JS 

n% 

225 
132 
21 


Yellow  Jacket. . .   132!$    135 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  DoUiver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  PoBt  St.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday.  May  30, 1872. 

Sole  Leather— The  demand  is  good,  with  an  advance  in 
Eastern  market,  whicli  will  urubahly  soon  be  feit  here. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  $  ft 26®29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  f>  lb 26(5)29 

Country  Leather,  ^  ft 25@28 

Stockton  Leat  her,^  lb 2ti@29 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skins  are  tlriu,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,  8  Kil.,  perdoz *tW  00(a) 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz. 72  00w)  90  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ■$  doz GO  00@  76  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  18  KU.,  %*  doz  75  00(a)  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz «8  00(5)  70  09 

Cornellian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00® 

Cornellian.  12  to  14  Kil.,  perdoz 60  00(5)  68  00 

Ogerau  Calf,  %  doz 54  00@ 

Simon,  18  Kil.,®  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  &  doz.   63  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  $  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  B  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  "&  ft .' 1  CO®    1  30 

California  Kip,  %  doz 60  00toS0  00 

I'V'TiL-liSln^)*,  all  colors.  "ft  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  $  lb 115®    125 

Slioup  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  3*  doz....    9  OOfai  13  00 

Shttep  Roans  for  Linings,^  doz 5  IrlliJ)  10  50 

California  KussrU.  Mlit'ep  Limnga   1  75®    5  50 

Bi'st  J.. dot.  Oa  f  Knot  Legs,  Impair  5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ui  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Bool  Legs,^  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leathor,  $  lb 30®    37'tj 

Fair  Bridla  Leather,  jl  doz 48  00(3  72  0& 

Skirting  Leather,  ^  B> 34@    21% 

Welt  Leather,  jfl  doz 30  00<|  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  #  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ft  foot 20®       22 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  In  the  Scien- 
tific Piiess  and  other  San  Francluco  Journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

N.\  M  K ,  LOCATION ,  AMOUNT  AND  DAY  DAY 

DATE  OK  iwmwmnw  DELINgUENT.     OF  HAXE. 

OonsaUdAted,Cal. Ap. 90, aScJniii  :i-.lun«24* 
Ball  >.M.Co.,8ton  y  Oo.,Ne*.»Ap1  S0,SI.Jqju  5— Juno  a:h 
OuoadeBliu  Q.M,  Oo.  OH.  May  15,  20c.Ju.ue  18— July  0 
Crown  Point  R.  S.  M.  Co..  May  3,  $5.  ..June  20— July  20 

Btolfl  Quiclullvex,  Maj  6.  SAO July  LI— July  i;.* 

i:i  Deride  U   Oo.,  Oal.,  Mug   13,  20c Juno  LA— July  iu 

Train  i-  M.  Oo.,  i  ill..  April  C,  $1 Muy  14 -June  4* 

Geo  Lei  B.M.OO..W.  Pine,Ap'137,l0o..Junell— July  a 
Golden  Chariot,  IdahoT., April  12,$1.60.May22-June  18 
Hul.  Ti'l-hs.  M.  Co.,  W.  i\.  Ujij  li,  lOc.June  IT— Julj  B 
iiiii.Trt'!ts.cl.iiOi.rn..\v.r.,Miiy  ii,  l0o..Jnnel7 — Fnly  8 

Ida  Elmore  M.  Co.,  IdahD,  May  24,  $3.  .June  '-".l— July  27 

I  mi"  riatrloe  Eugenie, Cal.,  April  26,  25o,June2— June  17 
Jufla  G.  .^  S.  M.  Oo.,  Nov.,  April  22,  Sff.  May  26— June  13 

Justice  M.  Oo.  Storey  Co.  Not.,  fl June  24—  J0I3  Ifi 

Klnoaid  Flat,  Oal.,  April  28,  ?^ May  27— Jane  J7» 

Lemon  M.  and  m.  Co.,  Eureka,  Apr  l,  Jl.Muy  7-June  12 
Lord  Byron  G.i;S.M.Co..Ni;v.,Api'  20,260. June3-Juno22 

Louise  M.  <'<>..  Nevada,  April  8,  lOe Muy  m    June  10 

Lyons  A:  Wheeler  Co.,  A.T.,  April  C.  llh-.May  16-June  3» 
Lyuii  \  Whcil'-r  Ariznuu.May  IM.IO^.. ..June  24— July  15» 
BCagnolia  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  25o.Hay  as— June  20 

Mi  mi  iJk'ii  M    Co..  Mn\  H,  "0.- June  10 — July  r 

Minn.  G.  k  S.  M.Co.,I.T..Mav  12,  Sl.r.o.Jvno  22— July  'JO 
Ohio  Conn.  M.  Co.  Cal.,  May  Jl.  Iu.- Juim20— July  20 

Ophir  s.  at.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  17,  $5 May  22— June  LS 

Pacific  Borax  Co,,  Nevada,  May  1,  20c... June  li— June 29 

Page  k  Panaea,  Nov.  April  12, 6Uc Muy  20— June  15 

V'-a  VineS.M.Co-.Ely  DlBt.,May  14, 20c. .June  20— July  12 
Punuu nt  M.  81  M.  Co.,  April  141,  40c... May  20— June'  19* 
Pride  Of  Mt.M.Co.  Nev.,  May  7,25c.  ...June  17— July  10 
BlSlngStarS.  M.Co  ,  Idaho,  Ap'l  27,  $1..  June  1— June  28 
S.  F.  M.  Co.,  Utah  Ter.,  April  13.25c...Mey  10—  JutieB* 
Silver  Hprout  M.Oo.,  Cal. .April  29,  SOc.Juiiel— June  22* 
Silver  Wave,  W.  P.,  Nev.  Apr.  10.  60c. May  li^June  13* 
Spring  Mt.  TunDel  Co., April  11,  15e. .  .May  20— June  10* 

Sumner,  Kern  Co.,  April  11,  $10 Mav  22— June  21 

TallulahM.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  5,  $1,50 May  7— Juno  4 

Teoumeeh  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  24,  $">. . .  May  29— June  17* 

Union  G.  M.  Co..  Cal,.  May  20,  $2."»u -June  22— July  'J* 

Washington  M.  Co.,  May  8,  S3 June  11  -  June  2fl* 

Wa>u.&  Creole  M.  Co., Nev. .May  13, 74c. June  20— July  17 

Woudland  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  Muy  21.  12.1vc.Juue  20 — July  10* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Adriatic  G.  k  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

\lams  G.  k  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  4 

Bacon  M.  &  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  i 

Bacon  M.  k  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  Junu  1 

Belcher  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  25 

Confidence  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  4 

Crown  Point  M.  Co .Annual  Meeting, June  3 

Del  Eey  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  Juno  10 

Empire  M.  k  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Empire  M,  k  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Empire  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  17 

Green  G,  k  S.  M.Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Highland  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Juno  4 

Independent  G.  M.  Oo Annual  Meeting,  June  14 

Independent  Coal  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  17 

Imperial  S.  M.  Co Special  meeting,  June  3 

Julia  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  17 

Kentuck  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  Juno  10 

Mammoth  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

Minn.  G.  &  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

Mount  Jefferson  M.  &.M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  4 

Overman  S.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  5 

Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  18 

Providence  G.  &  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June20 

Schell  Creek  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  11 

Silver  Sprout  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  3* 

Silver  Sprout  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  25* 

Silver  Wave  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

St.  Louis  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  G 

TecuuiReh  G.  S.  aud  C.  C Special  Meeting,  June  12* 

Wellington  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  4 

Wheeler  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  3 

William  Penu  Cons.  M,  Co Special  Meeting,  June  15 

Yankee  Boy  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  G 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  MonthB). 

Belcher  M.  Co.,  530 Payable  May  10 

Belclier,  $20 Payable  April  10 

Blake  Diamond  Coal  Co.,  %  per  cent. ..  Payable  May  29 

Crown  Point  G.  k  S.  M.  Co.,  $40 Payable  Mav  11 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  Coal  M.  Co.,  $5.00.  .Payable  May  13 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.00 Payable  May  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  &  Ely  M.Co.,  $7 Payable  May  6 

Yule  Gravel  M.  Co,  50c Payable  May  1 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 

San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 

Corrected  weekly  by  Hooker  A  Co.,  117  and  119  Cal.  street. 


PBIOEB  FOR  1NVOIOIB 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher 
follow  tnQ  quotatimw. 

Thursday,  May 

Scotch  Pig  Iron,$ton $70  00    ( 

White  Pic, "ip  ton 52  00    ( 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^  ft —  05i£( 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  $  lb —  06    ( 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  05    (. 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —08    ( 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  flow- 
sheet, No.  14  to  20 —  07    ( 

SheBt,  No.  24  to  27 

Horse  Shoos 

Nail  Rod 

Norway  Iron 

Rolled  Iron ;-"iv. ■■ 

Other  Lrona  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc. 
Copper.— 

Sheathing,  f,  lb 

Sheathing,  Yellow — 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow 

Composition  Nails 

Composition  Bolts 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  %  box 12  00 

Plates,  I  C  Charcoal  10  00 

Roofing  Platei 11  00 

BancaTin,  Slabs,  ^  ft -- 

Steel.— English  Cast,  Ijl  lb 

Drill 

Flat  Bar 

Plough  Points ■ 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 

2D3CBBHiVEB.— $  lb 
EAD.— Pig,  ^4  lb 

Sheet 

Pipe —    » 

Bar 08 

ZiNC.-Sheets,  53  ft —  10 

Bohax.— Refined —  25 

Borax,  crude —   5 


than  the 
1872 


—  07 
-0B 

—  0!l 

—  07 


8  00 


.  —  11 
.  —24 
.  -24 


16 

17 

17 

20 

8  75 

12« 

—  SS 

-06 

—  06^ 

-08 

-    8« 

Mining  Sales. — The  San  Andreas  Citizen,  says 
that  Messrs.  Ferguson  and  Wallace  have  sold 
their  '*  Sheep  Ranch  "  mine,  to  Messrs.  Tul- 
lock,  Gashwiler  and  Holladay  for  $60,000.  The 
Citizen  thinks  that  there  is  $100,0110  in  sight, 
and  that  the  purchasers  got  a  good  bargin. 

The  Liberty  quartz  mine  at  Graniteville,  has 
been  sold  to  a  San  Francisco  company,  and  is 
shortly  to  be  started  up. 

"Water  Supply. — A  full  supply  of  water  for 
the  mines  ■would  it  is  said  add  a  million  dollars 
a  month  to  the  present  Rold  yield  of  California. 


342 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS^ 


[June  i,  1872. 


Norton's    Door  and  Gate   Spring. 

"Please  shut  the  door,"  How  often  we 
see  this  request  posted  on  doors,  and  yet 
how  little  attention  is  paid  to  it.  It  seems 
as  natural  for  an  American  to  leave  a 
door  standing  open  behind  him  as  it  is 
for  him  to  bolt  down  his  food  in  a  state  of 
semi-mastication.  Both  of  these  habits 
result  from  the  same  cause,  -viz:  the  Ameri- 
can custom  of  doing  every  thing  with  a 
rush.  It  takes  too  much  time  to  wait  and 
close  a  door,  and  often  having  to  wait  to 
open  a  door  in  order  to  get  out  of  a  room 
senim  a  waste  of  time.  Why  can't  doors  be 
made  like  the  patentlazy  farm  gate.tu  open 
when  it  sees  some  one  coming  and  close 
after  Ihe  person  has  passed  through? 
Norton's  door  and  gate  spring  accomplishes 
the  latter  object,  and  thus  one-half  of  the 
trouble  is  obviated. 

This  door  and  gate  spring  is  a  neat  and 
cheap  arrangement  that  can  easily  be 
applied  to  any  door  or.gate  for  the  pur- 
pose of  keeping  it  closed,  and  we  advis" 
our  friends  who  have  posted  on  their  doors 
the  request  at  the  head  of  this  article,  to 
pull  it  down  and  ap  >ly  one  of  these  springs 
It  accomplishes  the  object  in  a  very  satis 
factory  manner.  Davis  &  Bliven  of  this 
city  are  the  proprietors  of  the  patent  right 
on  this  coast, to  whom  all  orders  should  be 
addressed. 

Niles  Station  Bridge. 

The  Board  of  Supervisors  of  Alameda  county 
have  contracted  with  the  Pacific  Bridge  Com 
pany,  to  erect  a  bridge  of  three  spans,  of  183y;, 
feet  each,  over  the  Alameda  Creek,  near  Nile^ 
Station.  The  superstructure  is  to  be  a  Smith 
Truss,  with  roadway  eighteen  feet  in  the  clear 
and  built  entirely  of  wood  preserved  In 
the  Pacific  Wood  Preserving  Company. 

The  piers  are  to  be  of  cast  iron,  filled  wit!1 
concrete  and  suiik  to  bed  rock,  or  a  solid  foun- 
dation. 

They  are  constructed  on  the  plan  introduced 
by  the  Pacific  Bridge  Company  last  year,  and 
seem  especially  adapted  to  the  rapid  current 
and  drift  they  will  have  to  resist  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Alameda  Canon,  where  they  are  to  be 
placed. 

The  Pacific  Bridge  Company  now  dress  all 
timber  used  in  the  framework  of  their  bridges. 
They  have  just  shipped  a  bridge  to  be  erected 
over  Hovias  Creek,  in  San  Mateo  county,  and 
will  soon  ship  one  of  150  feet  in  length,  to 
span  a  creek  in  Sonoma  county,  both  of  the 
Smith  Truss  patent. 

The  bridge  over  Alameda  Creek  is  to  be  com- 
pleted by  the  11th  day  of  August.  The  Howe 
Truss.  Burr  Truss  and  Pratt's  Truss  were  all 
ompeting  plans  but  the  Smith  Truss  was  pre- 
ferred. 


Bapid  and  Practical  Method  of  Separating 
Copper  from  Silver, — Tn  the  preparation  of 
nitrate  of  silver  from  silver  coin  which  contains 
several  per  cent,  of  copper,  K.  Palm  employs 
the  following  method,  dependent  on  the  insol- 
ubility of  nitrate  of  silver  in  concentrated  ni- 
tric acid: — 

The  coin  is  dissolved  in  nitric  acid,  and  the 
solution  evaporated  to  the  consistency  of  oil. 
and  then  concentrated  nitric  acid,  free  from 
hydrochloric,  is  added;  the  silver  salt  crvstal- 
lizes  out  while  the  copper  remains  in  solution. 
The  precipitated  salt  isthen washed  twoorthree 
times  with  concentrated  nitric  acid  to  remove 
any  adhering  copper  salt,  which  gives  it  n 
bluish  shade.  On  drying,  any  acid  attached 
to  it  is  evaporated.  It  is  essential  that  the  so- 
lution be  evaporated  only  to  the  consistency  of 
oil,  for  if  evaporated  to  dryness,  the  copper 
salt  adh'Tes  so  firmly  to  the  silver  that  it  can 
with  difficulty  be  removed.  The  more  concen- 
trated the  acid,  the  more  completely  the  silver 
will  be  precipitated,  but  an  acid  with  a  spec, 
gr.  of  1.25  may  he  used  for  completely  separa- 
ting the  two  -metals.  Three  or  four  parts  of 
concentrated  acid  are  required  for  one  part  of 
the  concentrated  metallic  solution. 


Discovery  op  a  New  Species  of 
Whale.— In  a  letter  to  Mr  JohnW.  Strau- 
chon,  Professor  George  W  Davidson  in- 
forms him  that  the  petrified  whale  bone 
taken  from  the  artesian  well  which  is  being 
sunk  by  Messrs.  Calloway  &  Co.  in  this 
city,  has  been-  proved  a  portion  of  a  whale 
of  a  new  species  by  the  savans  of  Phila- 
delphia Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 
The  Professor  is  desirous  of  obtaining  ad- 
ditional portions  of  the  skeleton  if  possible 
to  present  the  same  to  the  above  institu- 
tion, of  which  he  is  a  member. — San  Diego 
Union. 


Recent  Geographical  Work  on  tie  Pa- 
cific Coast. 

We  select  the  following  items  from  the 
American  Journal  of  Science  for  May : 
Report  of  the  Eng.  Corps,  U.  S.  Army. 

This  report  was  presented  to  Congress 
last  December. 

Nevada  and  Arizona.— The  explora- 
tions under  Lieut.  Wheeler,  begun  in  1869, 
have  been  in  progress  during  the  past 
year. 

Alaska. — Captain  C.  W  Raymond  has 
made  a  reconnoisance  of  the  Eive'  Yukon 
His  report,  with  a  map  of  the  river,  has 
been  printed  separately  by  Congress. 

Fortieth  Parallel— King's  survey  is 
still  in  progress.  A  clear  account  of  all 
the  work  begun  from  March,  1867,  to  Oct., 
1871,  is  given  in  the  report,  from  which 
we  extract  the  following  as  to  the  methods 
of  work,  problems  investigated  and  chief 
results  : 

"  The  foundation  of  our  explorations 
have  been  a  continuous  system  of  triangu- 
lation,  carried  from  mountain-top  to 
mountain-top,  and  the  whole  extent  of  our 
work,  by  theodolite  observations  upon 
stone  monuments.  Within  tbe  primary 
triangles  a  large  number  of  secondary 
triangles  are  located,  and  from  these, 
working  always  inwardly,  a  thorough 
system  of  minor  triangles.  In  connection 
with  this,  the  altitude  of  all  prominent 
mountain-peaks  and  localities  upon  the 
ulaiEs  have  been  determined. 

"  In  the  department  of  geology,  careful 
md  actual  sections  have  been  made  over 
the  whole  area;  the  superposition  of  the 
invmense  variety  of  irruptive  rocks  has 
iieen,  in  almost  all  cases,  accurately  deter- 
mined ;  the  dynamical  questions,  such  as 
the  build  of  mountains,  the  upheaval  of 
chains,  and  the  formation  of  mining  dis- 
tricts and  of  mineral-bearing  lodes  have 
eceived  careful  attention. 

"  In  botany  a  very  large  collection  has 
been  made,  resulting  in  the  discovery  of 
tver  100  new  species  of  plants,  in  a  com 
■lete  knowledge  of  the  distribution  of 
'imber  and  of  the  leading  families  of  the 
desert  flora. 

"In  zoology  the  collection  has  been 
equally  careful  and  the  results  are  of  inter- 
est and  value. 

"The  work  embraces  a  complete  scien- 
tific examination  of  a  sectioD  of  country 
which  traverses,  from  east  to  west,  nearly 
the  entire  Cordillera  system.  The  rocks 
at  our  eastern  terminus  are  already  those 
of  the  Atlantic  formations  and  are  being 
extensively  studied  by  a  number  of  geolo- 
gists. 

"In  mining  industry  our  labors  have 
been  worked  up  and  the  volume  and 
iccompanying  atlas  printed.  Also,  the 
topographical  maps  are  plotted  on  a  scale 
of  2  miles  to  the  inch,  and  have  been  pho- 
tographically reduced  to  a  scale  of  4  miles 
to  the  inch,  resulting  in  three  maps,  about 
30  or  40  inches  each.  These  are  now  be- 
ing drawn  in  hachure,  preparatory  to  litho- 
graphing. 

"The  volume  of  botany  is  completed 
[and  published].  That  of  geology  is  also 
completed  and  awaits  the  printer.  To 
complete  the  series  I  propose  two  more 
volumes:  one  of  descriptive  geology  and 
one  embodying  general  results.  The  for- 
mer is  now  in  active  preparation  and  the 
maps  accompanying  it  are  in  the  hands 
01  the  engraver.  For  the  general  volume 
I  am  unable  at  present  to  fix  a  definite 
time.  When  finished  the  series  is  designed 
to  embody, 

"1.  A  ground-work  topographical  map 
upon  which  shall  appear  all  the  features  of 
the  country  surveyed. 

"2.  A  series  of  geological  maps,  illustra- 
ting the  formations  of  rocks,  soils,  alkaline 
deposits,  and  the  distribution  of  arable 
land. 

"3.  A  general  report  which,  in  a  syn- 
thetical manner,  shali'describe  the  history 
of  the  formations  of  that  portion  of  the 
Cordillera,  its  original  deposition  in  the 
primeval  ocean,  the  evolution  of  continen- 
tal features  and  mountains,  the  minute 
lithological  structure  of  each  family  of 
rocks,  and  chapters  upon  the  volcanic 
and  glacial  ages;  and  an  attempt  to  explain 
the  present  physical  conditions,  and  an 
account  of  the  considerable  climatic 
change  now  going   on. 

"As  appendices  to  this,  the  2d,  3d, 
4th  and  5th  volumes  will  treat  of  techni 
cal  geology,  zoology  and  mining  indus- 
try." 

Biver  Surveys,  more  or  less  in  detail, 
have  been  made  in  various  regions;  includ- 
ing the  Willamette,  the  Umpqua,  and  por- 
tions of  the  Sacramento. 

Yellowstone  Geysers. 
The  most  valuable   sources   of  informa- 


tion which  have  come  under  our  notice  are 
as  follows: 

1.  A  picturesque  description  of  the  Gey- 
ser region,  based  upon  the  observations  of 
the  Washburn-Langford  party,  printed  in 
Scribers  Monthly  in  1871. 

An  account  by  Walter  Trumbull  of  the 
Washburn  Yellowstone  expedition  ap- 
peared in  the  Overland  Monthly  for  May, 
1871. 

2.  Beconnoissance  by  Capt.  J.  W.  Bar- 
low, U.  S.  Corps  of  Eng.,  made  in  1871; 
published  by  permission  in  several  news- 
papers of  Jan.  and  Feb. ,  1872. 

3.  Eailroad  reconnoissance  of  the  valley 
by  Gen.  W.  M.  Eoberts,  Chief  Eng.  N.  P. 
E.  E.,  made  1871;  printed  by  the  railroad 
company  but  not  yet  published. 

3d.  The  reports  of  Dr.  Hayden's  visit  in 
1871,  with  two  maps;  also  prepared  for 
publication  on  a  large  scale. 

Preliminary  report  of  the  U.  S.  Geol. 
Survey  of  Montana,  and  portions  of  adja- 
cent Territory,  being  a  fifth  Annual  lie- 
port  of  Progress,  by  F.  V.  Hayden.  U.  S. 
Geologist.  Conducted  under  the  authority 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Washing- 
ton, 1872.  This  gives  an  account  of  his 
explorations  in  the  Geyser  regions,  with 
notes  on  the  geology  on  his  route  from 
Utah  through  Idaho  and  Montana;  it  con- 
tains, also,  reports  on  the  physical  features 


(These  four  reports  have  been  presented 
but  not  yet  published) . 

Transportation  Routes  in  Minnesota  and  Dakota — 
Colorado  Expedition. 

A  very  interesting  map  of  transportation 
routes  in  Minnesota  and  Dakota,  including 
railroad,  mail  and  express  routes,  has  just 
been  prepared  by  Gen.  S.  E.  Hotabids, 
Chief  Quartermaster  of  the  Department  of 
Dakota,  and  published  in  a  scale  of  10 
miles  to  the  inch. 

Major  Powell's  Colorado  expedition 
in  1871  passed  through  the  canons  of  Green 
Eiver  and  of  the  Colorado  to  the  month  of 
the  Paria,  at  the  head  of  Middle  Canon. 
On  the  way  the  party  explored  the  region 
west  of  the  rivers  named,  tracing  the  large 
branches  to  their  sources,  and  examining 
the  geology  of  the  great  mesas  and  cliffs. 
Early  in  the  winter  a  base-line,  47,000  feet 
long,  was  measured  in  a  meridian  running 
south  from  Kanab,  and  the  party  is  now 
triangulating  among  the  peaks  and  cliffs 
of  lateral  canons  of  the  Colorado.  Many 
prehistoric  mines,  stone  implements,  etc., 
have  been  found;  also  a  tribe  of  TJtes  in 
the  Kaibab  Plateau  who  still  make  stone 
implements. 

Curious  Freak  of  Nature. 

The  accompanying  drawing  represents  a  Bad- 
ish  curiosity,  (size  of  the^sketch,)  grown  in  the 
garden  of  T.  Hart  Hyatt,  Oakland,  the  present 
season.  The  two  radishes  tied  themselves  to- 
gether, as  shown,  without  aid.  "Whether  it  is  a 
matrimonial  knot,  or  not  matriruonial,  we  can- 
not say. 


A  FREAK  OF  NATURE. 

and  conditions,  the  geology  and  the  natu- 
ral history  of  a  considerable  part  of  the 
Eocky  mountain  region. 

Route  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad. 

This  region  was  first  made  known  by 
the  journey  of  Lewis  and  Clark,  in  1804- 
5  and  6,  was  surveyed  by  Gen.  1. 1.  Stevens 
in  1853—4  and  5  (report  published  as  vol. 
XII,  pt.  1,  U.  S.  Pacific  Eailroad Eeport) ; 
and  was  carefully  examined  by  Capt  J. 
Mullan  (who  built  the  military  road  from 
Fort  Walla  Walla  to  Fort  Benton  in  1862) , 
whose  report  was  published  by  the  Gov- 
ernment in  1863. 

1.  The  N.  P.  E.  E.  last  year  published 
(?)  Gen.  Eobert's  report  of  the  reconnois- 
sance in  1869,  of  the  route.  The  same 
engineer  was  engaged  in  1871  in  examin- 
ing the  Eocky  Mt.  Divide  between  Lewis 
and  Clark's  Pass  on  the  north  and  Deer 
Lodge  Pass  on  the  south,  a  distance  of 
nearly  100  miles,  covering  all  the  passes 
of  the  main  channel  available  for  the  rail- 
road. We  subsequently  went  down  to  the 
Yellowstone  as  mentioned  before. 

2.  At  the  same  time  Gen.  F.  L.  Eosser 
surveyed  a  route  between  the  Missouri,  at 
Fort  Bice,  and  the  Yellowstone. 

3.  Mr.  F.  Wilkeson  also  made  last 
summer  a  geological  examination  of  the 
region  between  Cadott's  Pass  and  Deer 
Lodge  Pass,  with  reference  to  the  occur- 
rence of  coal  and  iron. 

4.  Mr.  C.  A.  White  has  been  across 
the  Grand  Plain  of  the  Columbia  and 
through  the  Grand  Coulee. 


The  Mines  of  New  Mexico. 

From  recent  accounts  from  Silver  City 
and  other  mining  regions,  the  fact,  which 
we  have  often  before  enunciated  is  now 
becoming  more  and  more  obvious.  To 
render  New  Mexico  one  of  the  richest 
mining  regions  in  the  Union,  it  needs  but 
capital,  machinery  and  enterprise.  True, 
skilled  labor,  and  protection  for  life  and 
property  are  also  needed,  but  all  of  these 
latter  will  follow  capital  and  machinery. 
We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  for 
the  surplus  capital  which  now  lies  idle  in 
the  States  awaiting  an  opportunity  of 
profitable  investment  there  is  no  better 
field  than  the  mine3  of  New  Mexico.  Its 
wealth  in  minerals  cannot  be  overesti- 
mated, nor  is  its  wealth  confined  to  min- 
erals. With  a  climate  unsurpassed  on  the 
American  Continent  and  a  soil  whose  rich- 
ness is  proverbial,  the  agriculturist,  the 
stock-raiser,  and  the  vinter — for  whose 
business  its  climate  is  especially  adapted, 
are  invited  by  an  undeveloped  oountry 
and  a  lavish  profusion  of  nature's  richest 
blessings  to  come  here  and  establish 
homes  for  themselves  and  their  posterity 
and  in  so  doing  reap  the  harvest  of  pros- 
perity. 

The  people  in  our  mines  are  thrifty,  en- 
terprising and  hopeful  for  reinforcement; 
but  they  need  the  capital  to  their  friends 
elsewhere,  conjointly  with  their  willing 
labor,  to  give  the  nation  the  benefit  of  the 
wealth  within  sight  and  to  give  an  unusual 
profit  to  all  engaged  in   its  developments. 

The  passage  of  the  Denver  and  Eio 
Grande  and  also  the  Texas  and  Pacific 
railroad  bills,  will  give  assurance,  that 
but  few  years  can  pass  before  capital  and 
immigration  will  pour  into  the  country. 
Meantime,  thongh  the  need  of  capital  is 
sorely  felt,  and  if  those  having  a  surplus 
of  it  at  their  command  would  give  the 
merits  and  advantages  of  our  mining  lo- 
calities a  fair  trial,  we  are  sure  the  examina- 
tion would  lead  to  investment  and  the 
investment  to  a  rich  and  certain  profit. 
Of  the  future  of  our  mineral  sections  we 
neither  have,  nor  reasonably  could  have 
any  doubts.  Still  we  are  anxious  that 
our  claims  should  be  known  and  that  east- 
ern capital  now  lying  idle  and  unproduc- 
tive may  have  an  opportunity  to  increase 
itself  as  well  as  aid  the  enterprising 
frontiersmen  who  are  now  struggling  so 
bravely,  and  against  such  odds,  to  spread 
civilization,  commerce  and  enterprise 
over  this  rich,  but  much  neglected  por- 
tion of  the  Union. — Santa  Fe  Post. 


Japan. — The  recent  great  fire  in  Yedo,  Japan, 
destroyed  all  the  houses  within  an  area  of  four 
miles  long  by  three  -wide,  and  contrary  to  the 
usual  custom  there,  where  large  fires  occur 
frequently,  the  city  will  be  built  up  again  in  a 
more  substantial  and  civilized  manner.  A  new 
survey  is  to  be  made,  the  streets  widened  and 
the  buildings  to  be  of  brick.  There  is  little 
doubt  but  that  the  Japanese  will  see  the  evident 
superiority  of  our  steam  fire  engines  over  their 
inefficient  system  and  wiU  order  a  number  of 
them  from  this  country.  Their  progress  is 
very  rapid  and  they  manifest  an  earnest  desire 
to  become  familiar  with  all  the  the  implements 
of  modern  civilization,  which  they  substantially 
prove  by  their  large  orders  from  the  United 
States. 


June  i,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS> 


Carbolic  Acid  and  Its  Applications. 

One  fun  hardly  pick  up  a  paper  now-adays 
without  finding  sum--  reference  to  carbolic  acid, 
a  wortl  which,  until  quite  recently,  it  wafl  *1  i  f- 
fioult  to  get  printed  without  havi 
changed  to  an  n,  The  valuable  naea  of  this 
■gent  are  making  it  very  generally  en 
and  for  the  benfit  of  our  readers  we  give  1  from 
the  Tndutkiai  Monthly)  some  remarks  concern- 
ing its  character  and  applications. 

The  beautiful  aniline   colors,  ninny  favorite 

land  perfumes,  and  the  beat  6Umnfect- 

aniof  modern  times,  carbolic  acid,  (called  also 

phenyl  alcohol,  phonic  aeid  and  ooal 

are  all  prepared  fmm  coal  tar. 

Pure  carbolic  acid  is  a  white  crystalline  sub- 
■tanco  havine  a  powerful  smoky  odor,  When 
exposed  to  the  air  it  absorbs  water  and  be 
0  imee  liquid.  It  is  soluble  is  water,  alcohol, 
•that  and  glycerine,  its  combination  with  the 
last  being  one  of  the  most  valuable  prepara- 
tions of  its  ..lass,  a  strong  solution  of  car- 
bolio aeid  attacks  the  skin  of  (!)'■  lips,  and  even 
produces  a  disagreeable  feeling  where  the  skin 
is  much  thicker,  so  that  great  caution  should 
l»'  used  in  employing  it  as  a  wash. 

It  is  as  a  disinfectant,  however,  Chat  carbolic 
acid  has  proved  most  raluable,  its  power  in 
this  direction  being  undoubtedly  dueto  its  prop- 
erty of  coagulating  albumens.  That  it  has  the 
to  prevent  contagion,  was  proved  very 
el.  arly  by  Mr.  Crookes,  who  fouud  it  a  most 
complete  destroyer  of  the  infection  of  rattle 
plague.  A  Commission  of  the  French  Acad- 
emy of  Boience  reported  thnthyponitrous  acid 
was  the  most  efficacious  of  alt  disinfectants 
used  in  their  experiments,  but  that  carbolic 
acid  was  nearly  as  good,  while  it  is  far  more 
easily  applied  and  far  less  dangerous  and  ex- 
pemnve.  Whilo  chlorine  and  the  hypo- 
chlorites entirely  failed  to  deodorize  the  gases 
from  the  bodies  at  the  Paris  Morgue  during 
tin-  hrat  of  summer,  carbolic  acid  proved  per- 
fectly efficacious.  According  to  M.  Derergio, 
water  containing  only  the  l-4000th  part  by 
weight  of  carbolic  acid  completely  disinfected 
the-  deadhouso  in  the  hottest  weather,  even 
when  it  contains  six  or  seven  bodies. 

There  are  various  methods  of  applying  car- 
bolic acid,  all  founded  upon  its  property  of 
vaporizing  in  combination  with  water  at  ordi- 
nary temperatures.  Thus,  it  may  bo  mixed 
with  water  and  sprinkled  over  the  floor  and 
walls  of  dwellings  or  stables.  As,  however, 
the  solution  produces  disagreeable  stains,  and 
it  is  difficult  to  remove  the  odor  afterwards, 
it  is  better  to  sprinkle  the  liquid  over  sawdust 
or  sand  contained  in  shallow  pans  which  are 
placed  in  the  apartments  to  be  disinfected,  or 
the  liquid  may  bo  sprinkled  over  waste  cloth 
hung  up  in  the  rooms.  For  washing  animals 
or  even  the  human  body,  carbolic -acid  soap  is 
an  excellent  form  in  which  to  use  the  disin- 
fectant, and  it  has  even  been  applied  in  the 
preparation  of  wrapping  paper  _  used  for  the 
preservation  of  meat. 

The  odor  of  carbolic  acid  is  very  powerful, 
and,  to  some  persons,  exceedingly  disagreeable. 
It  may  even  be  questioned,  whether  it  is  alto- 
gether healthy,  since  we  know  that  in  a  con- 
centrated condition  it  proves  rapidly  destruct- 
ive to  life.  Some  years  ago,  an  attempt  was 
made  to  substitute  carbolic  acid  for  carbonic  ox- 
ide in  the  Gamgee  process.  No  difficulty  was 
found  in  slaughtering  the  animals,  by  exposing 
them  to  air  slightly  impregnated  with  carbolic 
acid.  A  bird,  a  dog  and  a  sheep,  were  success- 
ively killed,  and  then  an  ox  was  tried.  He  be- 
came a  little  obstreperous,  but  finally  succumb- 
ed. The  question  now  arises,  to  what  extent 
may  air  be  impregnated  with  carbolic-acid  va- 
por, without  being  rendered  unhealthy  V  In  re- 
gard to  this  point,  we  know  of  no  reliable  ex- 
perimental investigations.  That  in  certain  com- 
mon cases,  it  is  powerfully  destructive  of  ani- 
mal life,  is  well  known,  and  consequently  we 
find  it  extensively  used  for  the  remains  of  cer- 
tain annoying  parasites,  which  infect  man  and 
other  animals.  For  the  removal  of  fleas  and 
other  pests  from  dogs,  cats,  sheep,  etc.,  a  strong 
wash  of  carbolic-acid  soap  is  the  best  agent  yet 
discovered. 


What  Shall  A  Workman  Study  ? — "In  Lec- 
tures in  a  Workshop"  in  the  Industrial  Monthly, 
T.  P.P.  says:  If  there  is  any  doubt  about 
what  study  or  studies  should  be  followed  with 
a  view  to  self  culture,  we  can  remove  it  by  a 
simple  rule  given  in  these  words,  namely: 
Study  your  business.  By  this  the  daily  bread  is 
to  be  earned;  and  it  is  highly  probable  that 
the  knowledge  of  the  trade  engaged  in  exceeds 
the  information  on  all  subjects  outside  of  it. 
Many  men  are  continually  attempting  too 
much,  and  worry  because  they  cannot  swallow 
whole  volumes  of  literature  and  science  in  a 
few  months;  they  are  apt  to  slight  their  daily 
occupation  as  an  unavoidable  means  of  main- 
tainance  and  concentrate  their  efforts  upon 
something  quite  foreign  to  their  trade.  Such 
men  have  mistaken  their  calling,  and  are  wast- 
ing their  time  so  far  as  self-improvemont  goes. 

An  Acoustic  Experiment. — Let  a  wide  glass 
tube,  open  at  both  ends,  be  taken,  and  in  this 
a  piece  of  fine  wire  gauze  be  pushed  up  some 
little  distance.  If  the  gauze  be  now  heated  to 
red  hotness  over  an  ordinary  Euusen  burner, 
and  then  removed,  it  will  shortly  emit  a  shrill 
note,  lasting  from  five  to  ten  seconds.  The 
experiment  will  be  new  to  some  of  our  readers, 
and  has  the  merit  of  always  going  off. 


To  Prepare  Skeleton  Leaves. 

Mr.  .T.  F.  Robinson  dflBoribeain   // 

a  simple  method  of  preparing 
skeleton  lt'uve-t,  vbiaa  Boems  pref eraole  to  the 
old  and  tedious  method  "f  maoantion,  and 
which  he  recommends  to  all  young  botanists, 
espeoiaUy  to  bis  fair  friends,  who  take  up  the 
a  11  nee  ol  botany  marc  as  an  intelligent  amuse- 
ment than  fat  severe  study.  First  dissolve 
four  ounces  <>i  oommon  trashing  soda  in  a 
quart  of  boiling  water,  then  add  two  ounces  of 
slaked  quicklime,  and  boil  fur  about  fifteen 
minutes.  Allow  the  solution  t.>  cool;  after- 
wards pour  off  all  the  clear  liquor  into  a  dean 
saucepan.     When  thi,  Liquor  is  at  its  boiling 

li    :it  pi  ii'*'  (hu  leaves    i-arefully  in  the    pan,  and 

boil  the  whole  together  for  on  hour,  adding 
fruiii  time  t«i  tiiih-  eunuch  water  to  make  up 
for  the  loss  by  evaporation.  The  epidermis 
and  parenchyma  of  sunn-  leaves  will  more 
readily  separate  than  others.  A  good  test  is  to 
try  the  haves  after  they  have  been  gently  boil- 
in-  for  an  hour,  and  if  the  cellular  matter  d*»es 
imt  easily  rub  off  betwixt  tho  finger  and  thumb 
beneath  cold  water,  boil  them  again  for  a  short 
time.  When  the  11.  shy  matter  is  found  to  be, 
sufficiently  softened,  ruli  them  separately  but 
very  gently  beneath  cold  water  until  the  perfeot 

■l..  [<  Eon  Is 6  EpOS4  & 

The  sk.lrioiis,  ut  first,    are  of  a    dirty  white 

color;  to  make  them  of  a  pure  white,  and  there- 
fore more  beautiful,  all  that  is  necessary  is  to 
bleach  them  in  a  weak  solution  of  chloride  of 
lime — a  large  teaspoonful  Of  chloride  of  Lime  to 
a  quart  of  water;  if  a  few  drops  of  vinegar  is 
added  to  the  solution  it  is  all  (he  better,  for 
then  tho  free  chlorine  liberated.  Do  no  allow 
them  to  remain  too  long  in  the  bleaching  liquor, 
or  they  will  beceiuo  too  brittle,  and  cannot 
afterwards  be  handled  without  injury.  About 
fifteen  minutes  will  bo  sufficient  to  make  them 
white  and  clean  looking.  Dry  the  specimens  in 
White  blotting  paper,  beneath  a  gentle  press- 
ure. Simple  leaves  are  the  best  for  young  be- 
ginners to  experiment  on;  the  vine,, poplar, 
beech  and  ivy  leaves  make  excellent  skeletons. 
Care  must  be  exercised  in  tho  selec- 
tion of  leaves,  as  well  as  the  period  of 
the  year  and  the  state  of  the  atmosphere  when 
the  specimens  are  collected  ;  otherwise,  failure 
will  be  the  result.  Tho  best  months  to  gather 
the  specimons  are  July  and  August.  Never 
collect  specimens  in  damp  weather,  and  none 
but  perfectly  matured  leaves  ought  to  be  se- 
lected. 


Stretching  Tracing  Paper. — The  thin  trans- 
parent tracing  paper,  used  by  architects  and 
draughtsmen,  can  be  stretched  or  be  mounted  so 
as  to  give  a  fine  even  surface,  on  which  water- 
coloring  and  shading  can  be  done  as  easily  as 
upon  mounted  paper.  Cut  a  piece  of  drawing- 
paper  the  size  of  the  drawing-board;  gum  the 
upper  surface,  edge  of  the  board,  about  %  inch 
in  width;  spread  the  tracing-paper  carefully 
over  the  drawing,  and  smooth  down  on  the  gum- 
med edge;  then  turn  the  sheet  back,  and  gum 
the  remaining  three  edges  of  the  board;  bring 
over  the  tracing  paper  and  smooth  down  the 
edges;  do  not  piill  or  twist  the  sheet,  so  as  to 
getit  tight  or  severely  strained,  but  get  the  edges 
well  held  down  by  the  gum.  After  the  gum  has 
dried,  a  clean  sponge,  well  saturated  with 
water,  may  be  passed  over  the  entire  surface, 
except  on  the  gummed  edges.  The  tracing- 
paper  expands  and  blisters  all  over,  but  in  a 
few  minutes  the  dampness  evaporates  and  a 
beautiful  surface  is  presented,  similar  to  a  trans- 
parent slate.  The  tracing  can  now  be  colored 
or  shaded  as  on  drawing-paper,  and  any  blots 
or  errors  can  easily  be  washed  out. — Ex, 

Effect  of  Food  on  the  Taste  of  Fish. — 
Since  the  introduction  of  coal  oil  refineries 
along  the  the  Schuylkill  and  Delaware,  the 
original  fine  flavor  of  the  shad  caught  in  these 
rivers  has  been  materially  injured,  partaking 
of  the  rather  unpalatable  taste  of  kerosene. 
Seth  Green,  who  is  one  of  the  best  authorities 
on  the  fresh  fish  question  in  this  country  says 
"The  flesh  offish  will  taste  of  kerosene'if 
caught  in  any  stream  in  which  tho  refuse  of 
kerosene  oil  refineries  is  allowed  to  run." 


India  Rubber  Liquid  Blacking. — Take  of 
ivory  black,  sixty  pounds;  molasses,  forty-five 
pounds;  gum  arable,  dissolved  in  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  hot  water,  one  pound;  India  rub- 
ber, dissolved  by  the  aid  of  heat  in  nine  pounds 
of  rape  seed  oil,  eighteen  ounces;  mix  them 
well  together.  This  blacking  may  be  applied 
by  means  of  a  small  sponge,  attached  to  a  piece 
of  twisted  wire,  like  the  well-known  Japa 
blacking. — Scientific  American. 

Caution. — Wherever  iron  pipes  are  employed 
for  conveying  any  heated  medium,  such  as 
smoke,  hot  air,  steam,  or  hot  water,  they 
should  not  be  allowed  to  pass  through  wood- 
work unless  protected  by  an  earthen  crock. 
The  iron  rust  may  be  re'oxided  by  heat,  and 
upon  reoxidizing  it  often  becomes  red  hot. 
Many  fires  have  occurred  from  this  cause. 


Physiological  Effects  of  Coffee. 


An  interesting  communication  was  recently 
made  at  u  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences 
in  Paris  in  regard  to  tho  value  of  coffee  as  an 

article  of  f I.    Attention  was  called  to  a  state- 

in  of  Mr.  Gasparin,  in  1850,  that  the  miners 

ol  Obarleroi  preserved  their  health  and  great 
I  muscular  force,  by  the  use  of  less  than 
half  of  the  nutriment  indicated  as  necessary  by 
theory  and  daily  observation.  Osing  fond  con- 
taining less  nitrogen  and  carbon  than  the  daily 
ration  of  the  monks  of  La  Trappe,  whose  ooun- 
J  tenances  are  pale,  and  who  exercise  scarcely 
one-fifth  as  much  as  on  ordinary  workman, 
these  Belgian  miners  wore  more  industrious 
and  energetic  in  their  labors.  The  secret  of  the 
difference  was  stated  by  Mr.  Gasparin  to  con- 
sist in  the  use  ever}'  day  by  these  miners  of  a 
pint  of  an  infusion  of  about  an  OUnofi  of  coffee, 
prepared  in  two  quarts  of  water,  which  served 
the  purpose  of  counteracting  the  injurious  ef- 
fect of  an  insufficient  supply  of  food. 

Reference  was  also  made  to  an  experiment  in 
1860,  by  Mr.  Jousand,  in  which,  by  tho  use  of  a 
decoction  of  about  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  pow- 
dered coffee,  a  young  man  was  kept,  with  no 
other  food  whatever  in  good  health  and  strength 
for  seven  days,  during  which  time  he  took 
more  active  muscular  exercise  than  usual,  with- 
out any  special  inconvenience. 

The  particular  deduction  from  these  experi- 
ments appears  to  be  that  coffee  has  an  impor- 
tant action  in  preventing  denutrition  and  ema- 
ciation. An  illustration  of  this  is  seen,  accord 
ing  to  the  author,  in  the  effect  upon  the  ureo 
In  ouo  experiment,  about  half  a  grain  of  caffein 
was  consumed  daily,  and  the  amount  of  urea 
was  diminished  28  per  cent.  ;  while  an  infusion 
of  about  two  ounces  of  roast  coffee  diminished 
itbySOpercent.  This  is  asserted  to  betheresult 
by  very  careful  experiments  of  a  physiologist 
upon  himself,  proving  that  caffein  and  roast 
coffee  diminish  the  oxidation  of  the  system,  and 
temper  the  process  of  denutrition.  The  exces- 
sive frequency  and  intensity  of  the  beating  of 
the  heart  was  also  found  to  be  reduced  in  sever- 
al instances.  It  is  probable,  according  to  the 
author,  that  a  similar  action  is  exerted  by  some 
other  substances — the  Paraguay  tea,  especially, 
which,  it  is  well  known,  enables  the  natives  of 
the  Andes  to  subsist  for  a  long  time  on  an  in- 
credibly small  amount  of  food. — Harper's  Month- 
ly-   

Patent  Gas  Company. — The  Money 
Market  Revieio,  of  London,  April  20th, 
contains  a  notice  of  a  new  invention  which 
promises  to  open  a  new  era  in  gas  manu- 
facture, and  of  which  an  eminent  gas  en- 
gineer  says  : 

"  This  process  must  sooner  or  later  be 
adopted  by  all  existing  companies."  The 
inventor  claims  as  its  chief  advantages,  as 
compared  with  the  gas  supplied  by  exist- 
ing companies,  that  it  has  but  six  grains 
maximum  of  sulphur  impurities  per  100 
cubic  feet,  and  gives  11,500  cubic  feet  of 
20  candle  gas  per  ton  of  coal,  in  lieu  of 
9,500  cubic  feet  of  14  candle,  as  given  by 
the  ordinary  process.  In  other  words  an  il- 
luminating power  of  46,000  standard  sperm 
candles  instead  of  26, 000, being  a  net  gain  of 
light  equivalent  to  72%  per  cent.  The 
cost  of  production  by  the  patent  process 
being  sixteen  pence  per  1,000  cubic  feet 
as  compared  with  twenty-one  pence,  the 
cost  of  the  ordinary  process. 

A  Mouse  Afflicted  With  Small-Pox. — The 
New  York  Standard  of  May  6th,  is  responsible 
for  the  following; — On  Friday  evening  a  lady 
entered  the  drug  store  of  Dr.  Edward  Lind ridge, 
on  Hudson  avenue,  near  Sands  street,  Brook- 
lyn, and  placed  a  live  mouse  on  the  counter. 
The  little  animal  had  a  very  sore  head,  and  the 
doctor  was  asked  whether  ho  knew  what  tho 
matter  was.  He  was  also  informed  that  it  had 
been  brought  from  the  tenement  house,  156 
Hudson  avenue,  near  York  street,  where  there 
have  been  several  cases  of  small-pox.  After  ex- 
amining the  mouse  he  found  that  it  was  covered 
with  sores.  He  sprinkled  some  disinfecting 
powder  over  it  and  in  a  short  time  it  died.  It 
was  then  dissected,  and  a  clear  case  of  small- 
pox in  its  worst  form  was  revealed.  The  re- 
mains were  inclosed  in  a  glass  jar,  and  are  to 
be  sent  to  the  hospital  for  further  examination, 
as  it  is  believed  to  be  the  first  case  of  the  kind 
ever  heard  of. 


Coal  Mines. — The  Mercurio,  a  paper  pub- 
lished in  Chile,  reports  important  discoveries 
of  coal  along  the  gulf  of  Arauco,  particularly 
on  both  banks  of  the  Carampangue  River,  near 
its  mouth,  where  they  intend  working  the 
mines.  The  coal  is  of  passable  quality  and 
said  to  be  found  in  abundance. 


In  making  the  railroad  grade  across  the 
island  near  Rock  Island,  it  is  said  geo- 
logical evidences  were  found  indicating 
that  the  Mississippi  once  coverediit  with 
a  depth  of  fifty  feet  of  water. 


Editors  Press  : — Some  time  since  I  read  in 
your  columns,  of  a  cure  for  "dandruff"  which 
consisted  simply  in  wetting  the  hair  with  water 
in  which  sulphur  had  been  steeped.  Being 
troubled  with  dandruff,  and  thinking  the  ex- 
periment at  least  harmless,  I  tried  it,  and  it 
succeeded  perfectly — there  is  now  no  dandruff 
on  the  scalp.  The  water  has  acquired  a  slightly 
acid  taste,  but  I  have  not  the  time  to  ascertain 
exactly  what  change  has  taken  place.  The 
fact,  however,  may  be  useful  to  some  of  your 
readers. — E.  H.  A. 


Tomato  Custard. — This  is  said  to  be  a  ben- 
ficial  diet  for  consumptives.  It  is  made  by 
straining  finely  stewed  tomatoes  through  a 
course  seive,  and  adding  two  pints  of  milk  and 
one  pint  of  tomatoes,  for  four  eggs  and  one 
teaspoonful  of  sugar.  Bake  in  small  cups 
quickly. 


Care  of  the  Eyes. 

There  comes  a  time  when  normal  eyes  find 
their  powers  grown  limited,  and  require  more 
light,  or  assistance  from  glasses,  when  look- 
ing at  small  or  near  objects.  When  this  pe- 
riod arrives,  it  is  an  error  to  persist  in  endeav- 
ors to  do  as  formerly  with  the  eyes;  but  much 
ose  must  be  avoided,  except  in  a  clear  light,  or 
with  the  required  auxiliaries.  It  is  also  a 
mistake  to  suppose  that  glasses  should  not  be 
worn  while  it  is  possible  to  avoid  doing  so. 
On  the  contrary,  they  serve  to  prevent  straining 
of  the  eyes,  and  preserve  ruther  than  injure 
vision. 

Certain  defects  of  refractive  power  are  due 
to  malformation  Of  the  eye,  either  existing 
from  birth  ur  acquired  afterward,  and  aro  not 
to  be  removed  by  remedies  or  manipulations. 
ft  is  a  mischievous  error  to  suppose  that  the 
form  of  an  elastic  globe,  filled  with  fluid  or 
semi-fluid  substances,  can  be  changed  except 
for  a  moment,  by  pressing  upon  it  with  tho 
fingers,  as  has  been  recommended  by  charla- 
tans. All  the  theories  that  the  aye  can  have 
its  form  favorably  modified  by  rubbing  it  always 
in  one  direction,  or  by  any  other  manipulation, 
have  no  foundation  in  facts.  But  while  per- 
sistant squeezing,  according  to  these  methods, 
can  never  do  any  permanent  good,  it  involves 
great  risks.  It  may  lead  to  congestion  and 
hemorrage  within  the  eyes;  or  give  rise  to  de- 
structive inflamatiou,  or  formation  of  cataract, 
by  dislocating  the  crystalline  lens  ;  or  cause 
almost  immediate  loss  of  sight,  by  the  separa- 
tion of  the  retina  from  its  neighboring 
parts  ;  or  increase  the  giving  way  of  the  back 
part  of  the  globe,  which  is  already  often  begun 
in  near-sighted  eyes. 

The  same  warnings  will  apply  with  equal 
force  against  the  use  of  eye-cups  fitted  with 
rubber  bulbs,  to  alter  the  form  of  the  eyeball, 
as  is  asserted,  by  suction.  Valueless  and  dan- 
gerous as  they  are,  persons  are  often  persuaded 
to  purchase  and  try  them — sometimes  to  their 
sorrow. — Atlantic  Monthly. 


A  Novel  Theory. — A  German  physician  has 
lately  started  the  theory  that  the  fearful  dis- 
ease known  as  small-pox  originates  from  an 
excess  of  albuminous  matter  in  the  blood,  and 
that  this  is  to  be  prevented  by  the  administra- 
tion of  common  salt.  The  habits  of  children 
in  indulging  too  freely  in  sweetmeats  he  con- 
siders one  great  cause  of  this  undue  develop- 
ment of  albumen,  and  coffee  and  tea  if  highly 
sugared,  tend  also  to  excite  it  in  adults.  An 
organic  acid,  such  as  lemon  juice,  he  considers 
the  best  means  of  freeing  the  blood,  when 
clogged  with  too  much  albumen,  and  he  alleges 
that  by  taking  these  simple  remedies  in  the 
way  of  precaution,  he  has,  for  upwards  of 
twelve  years  past,  frequented  or  taken  up  his 
abode  in  the  most  pestilential  smnll-pox  hos- 
pitals of  Europe  and  South  America  with  entire 
impunity. 


A  Victim  of  Hair  Dye. — Thomas  Minshall, 
a  young  man  residing  in  Chester,  Pa,,  was 
terribly  poisoned  a  week  or  two  since  by  a  spe- 
cies of  hair  dye  in  common  use  among  barbers 
everywhere.  While  coloring  his  mustache  the 
barber  suffered  a  drop  to  fall  upon  his  lower  lip, 
which  was  slightly  chapped.  In  a  short  time 
after  the  part  began  to  swell,  became  inflamed 
to  an  enormous  size,  and  his  face  preserved  a 
shocking  appearance.  Convulsion  after  con- 
vulsion followed,  and  for  some  days  his  life 
was  in  great  jeopardy.  Within  the  last  day  or 
two,  however,  the  swelling  has  somewhat  sub- 
sided and  he  is  in  a  fair  way  to  recover. —  Yreka 
Journal. 


Wet  Clothes. — Few  persons  understand 
fully  the  reason  why  wet  clothes  exert  such  a 
chilling  influence.  It  is  simply  this:  Water, 
when  it  evaporates,  carries  off  an  enormous 
amount  of  heat,  in  what  is  called  the  latent 
form.  One  pound  of  water  in  vapor  contains 
as  much  heat  as  nine  or  ten  pounds  of  liquid 
water,  and  all  this  heat  must,  of  course,  be 
taken  from  the  body.  If  our  clothes  are  moist- 
ened with  three  pounds  of  water,  that  is,  if,  by 
wetting,  they  are  rendered  three  pounds 
heavier,  these  three  pounds  will,  in  drying, 
carry  off  as  much  heat  as  would  raise  three 
gallons  of  ice-cold  water  to  the  boiling  point. 
No  wonder  that  damp  clothes  chill  us. 


Soup  for  Invalids. — To  a  pint  of  warm 
water  add  three  tablespoonfuls  of  cod  fiver  oil, 
shake  them  until  they  are  thoroughlj'  incorpo- 
rated. Take  a  clove  of  garlic,  that  has  been 
steeped  for  some  twenty-four  hours  in  senna 
tea,  and  shred  it  into  the  liquid.  Season  with 
rhubarb  and  magnesia.  Some  add  forcemeat 
balls  of  the  same  size — and  of  the  same  mate- 
rials— as  anti-bilious  pills.  Brown  with  a  sala- 
mander, and  serve  up. 

Scarlatina. — Mr.  W.  M.  Searcy  suggests  the 
frequent  examination  of  the  tonsils  of  all  per- 
sons living  in  a  house  where  scarlatina  is  pres- 
ent, as  the  redness  and  enlargement  of  these 
organs  are  premonitory  symptoms  of  the  dis- 
ease. Nitrate  of  silver  in  solution — one  dram 
to  one  ounce  distilled  water — is  a  good  local 
application,  and  if  the  case  be  severe,  aperient 
medicine  is  used  in  conjunction  therewith. 


To  Remove  Warts. — Apply  to  the  wart  with 
the  end  of  a  knitting  needle  a  little  fuming 
nitric  aeid,  to  be  had  of  the  apothecaries. 
Repeat  the  application  once  or  twice,  and  in 
two  or  three  days  the  excresence  will  come  off 
without  leaving  any  mark. 


344 


SCIENTIFIC  PRESS^ 


[June  i,  1872. 


fitt**ttttt  St**** 

W.  B.  EWER Seniob  Editoe, 

DEWEY  «fc  CO.,  r^utolisliers. 

A.  T.  DEWEY,                                                              «E0.  H.  8TH0NG, 
W.  B.  EWER,  JNO.  L.  BOONE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
Wells,  Fargo  <fc  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

ADVBBTisiKa  Rates,  —lweek.   lmonth.    3  monOis.   lyear. 

Perline 25  .80  $2.00         S5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3.00  7.50         20.00 

One  inch 2.00  5.00  U.00  88.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
in  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4; 
six  months,  $2.60;  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  post  paid,  per  year, 
£1  3s.;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,-  first  in- 
sertion, Is.;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  8d.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 

Illustrations  and  Reports  of  Mining  Enterprises 
Wanted.— Drawings  or  photographs  of  mining  works  tnat 
are  of  general  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  inurnal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  and 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  or  special  interest, 
are  also  desired.  Sketches  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  very  acceptable. 


San  Francisco:  ' 

Saturday  Morning,   June  1,  1872 


Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates. 
San     Fbancisco,     Wednesday,    May  29, 1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying,  89;   selling,  90.     Gold  in  New  Yorl 
to-day,  114. 


Table  of  Contents. 


EDITORIALS.— The  Banks'  Puddler— Unexppcted  Diffl. 
culty  ;  Arizona  Affairs,  337.  The  Future  of  the  Pacific 
Const;  Shippin"  Wheat  in  Bulb;  Whisky  from  Tule; 
338.  Norton's  Door  and  Gate  Spring  ;  Niles*  Statio 
Bridge,  342.  Mining  as  an  Investment — Concluded; 
Clay  Street  and  Russian  Hill  Railroad,  344-  The 
Fore  Svefcem  of  Binding  Buildings,  345. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.  —  Hung^rford's  Improved  Water 
Wheel,  337.  A  Freak  of  Nature,  342-  Calcaroue 
Furnace.  345.    Toys  for  Children,  346 

MECHANICAL    PRO   RESS.— More     About    Lubrica- 
tors; Wall  Paper  impressions;  Boiler  Coating.  339- 
Steam  on    City   Railroads;    Why  Railroad  Bridges 
Breik,  339- 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— New  Sensitive  Singing 
Flame;  Varieties  of  Matter;  Aniline  Colors  Poison- 
ous; Eflectof  Colored  Light  on  Vegetation;  Auroral 
Displays  in  the  U.  S.;  Parchment  Fluid.  339. 

MINING  SUMMARY— Reports  from  mines  in  various 
States,  C> -unties  and  Districts:  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 
340-1. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Carbolic  Acid  and  Its  Ap- 
plications; What  Shall  A  Workman  study?;  To  Pre- 
pare Skeleton  Leaves;  Stretching  Tracing  Paper;  Cau- 
tion, 343. 

GOOD  Hbl\LTa  —  Physiolog'cal  Effects  of  Coffee;  Pat- 
ent Has  Company;  A  Mouse  Afflicted  With  Small-Pox; 
Care  of  the  Eyes;  A  Novel  Theory;  A  Victim  of  Hair 
Dye;  Wet  Clothes,  343, 

DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.— Kindling  Coal  Fires;  The 
Best  Way  to  Keep  Potatoes;  Melton  Veal;  Dutch 
Cheese;  To  Purify  Dairy  Utensils;  Selected  Receipts; 
Cut  Flowers;  Potatoes.  347- 

MISCELLANEOUS.— The  Vintage  of  1871 ;  New  and 
Curious  Building  Materials,  338-  Recent  Geograph 
ical  Work  on  the  Pacific  Coast ;  The  Mines  of  New 
Mexico,  342.  Patents  and  Inventions  ;  Meetings  and 
Elections  ;  Bank  Blasting  at  Dutch  Flat ;  New  Incor- 
porations ;  Decision  in  Patent  Case ;  Yield  of  Com- 
stock  Mines,  348- 


The  Cedeebubg  Mine.  —  The  Stars  and 
Sfripes,  in  speaking  of  this  mine  which  produced 
the  fine  specimens  we  mentioned  in  a  recent  is- 
sue as  on  exhibition  in  a  jeweler's  window,  on 
Montgomery  street,  says  :  "  This  marvelously 
rich  streak  is  in  a  stringer  of  quartz  three  to 
six  inches  wide,  which,  as  it  descends,  is  pitch- 
ing toward  the  main  channel  at  an  angle 
which  favors  the  presumption  that  a  junction 
will  be  formed  at  a  depth  of  less  than  100  ft. 
The  main  ledge  is  over  4  ft.  thick,  and  is, 
through  its  entire  developed  extent,  composed 
of  high  grade  milling  rock.  A  mill  is  shortly 
to  be  erected."  The  Stars  and  Stripes  speaks 
favorably  of  the  mine,  and  we  understand  that 
the  specimens  at  J.  M.  Seaman's,  in  this  city, 
will  be  disposed  of  on  the  1st  inst.,  either  as  a 
whole  or  to  parties  desiring  one  or  more  for 
their  cabinets. 


Experimental  Lecture. — Prof.  E.  S.  Can- 
will  lecture  before  the  Oakland  Farming  Club 
on  Friday  evening,  May  31st,  on  "Water,"  its 
various  conditions  and  modifications,  and  its 
assimilation  in  the  growth  of  vegetation. 
Several  interesting  experiments  will  be  given. 
After  a  short  lecture,  the  subject  of  irrigating 
trees  will  be  discussed  by  members  of  the  club. 

A  smelting  furnace  at  Salt  Lake  uses  one 
thousand  bushels  of  Truckee  coal  per  day. 
The  Salt  Lake  demand  amounts  to  over 
3,000  bushels  per  day. 

Sis  hundred  and  eighty  bars  of  base 
bullion,  from  the  Oerro  Gordo  mines,  were 
received  in  Los  Angeles  00  the  23d  inst. 

The  new  furnaces  of  the  Valley  quick- 
silver mines,  at  Pope  Valley,  will  be  put 
in  operation  about  the  first  prox. 


Mining  as  an  Investment. 

[Conoluded  from  our  last  issue.] 
Risks  in  Mining. 

There  is  some  force  in  the  remark  that  min- 
ing is  more  risky  than  any  other  business,  but 
in  justice  it  should  be  conceded  that  this  risk  is 
attached  to  everything  else.  There  is  no  more 
speculation  in  it  than  in  other  pursuits.  As  an 
investment  it  may  not  only  be  trusted  in  for 
dividends  but  for  high  rates  of  interest,  provi- 
ded, always,  that  it  is  pursued  like  other  busi- 
ness callings,  for  legitimate  production  ;  since 
mere  scheming  in  stock  transactions  divests  it 
of  its  purely  commercial  character,  and  fright- 
ens persons  from  embarking  in  it  whose  money 
would  otherwise  be  available.  There  is,  never- 
theless, as  much  certainty  of  return,  and  more 
certainty  of  a  large  increase  than  anything  else, 
and  it  may  be  looked  to  for  large,  regular  and 
never-failing  returns.  A  more  practical  appli- 
cation of  science  to  mining  should  be  made, 
and  a  diffusion  of  more  general  and  correct 
knowledge  among  miners  as  to  the  best  method 
of  opening  mines,  working  ores,  etc.  Good 
mining  engineers  are,  however,  notto  be  picked 
up  every  day,  but  even  then  it  is  not  necessary 
to  send  a  lawyer,  clerk,  carpenter,  broker  or 
anybody  that  is  convenient  to  superintend  a 
mine  and  suppose  that  he  is  competent  to  doit. 
It  requires  peculiar  qualifications  to  manage 
mining  property  successfully,  but  what  propor- 
tion of  losses  is  due  to  recklessness,  extrava- 
gance, deception  or  fraud,  it  is  impossible  to 
tell.  An  honest,  attentive  man  of  scientific  at- 
tainments, and,  if  possible,  local  knowledge,  is 
a  treasure.  The  estimates,  however,  may  be 
sometimes  incorrect,  for  the  lode  may  be  deeper, 
or  turn  out  poorer,  or  water  may  come  in,  or  a 
"fault"  be  discovered;  but  even  then  the  risks 
are  no  greater  than  they  would  be  in  building  a 
railroad,  tunneling  a  mountain,  creating  exten- 
sive irrigating  works  or  building  a  canal.  Peo- 
ple invest  in  such  enterprises  and  count  a  loss 
a  business  loss;  but  if  a  mine  is  not  one  of  un- 
bounded wealth,  the  business  is  characterized 
as  too  uncertain  for  legitimate  investment.  If 
there  is  more  hazard,  there  is  more  chance  of 
success.  People  have  made  fortunes  in  com- 
mercial pursuits — manufacturing,  farming,  etc. 
— but  storms  and  fires  come,  and  crops  fail, 
and  in  the  last  instance  it  is  even  more  disas- 
trous than  any  mining  venture  could  be,  for 
not  only  a  few,  but  many,  are  injured  by  the 
same  catastrophe. 

The  lode  fails  less  frequently  than  the  crops, 
especially  here  in  California,  where  drouths 
occur  periodically;  inundations  do  not  happen 
so  often  as  shipwreck,  and  the  storm  that 
sweeps  over  the  lands  and  destroys  building 
and  crops,  passes  harmlessly  over  the  miner; 
every  cattle  man,  farmer  and  merchant  and 
manufacturer  is  in  more  danger  of  losing  his 
capital,  without  having  the  same  chance  of  so 
glorious  a  result,  or  such  sure  ground  to  work 
upon.  The  farmer  often  spends  as  much  in 
harvesting  his  crop  as  he  afterwards  gets  for  it, 
without  taking  his  labor  into  consideration; 
and  manufacturers  frequently  sell  their  goods 
even  below  cost  price,  but  nobody  would  think 
of  giving  up  business  on  these  accounts.  Why 
then  should  they  decry  mining  because  failures 
sometimes  occur. 

Certain  Precautions  Must  be  Taken, 

However,  to  insure  success.  la  selecting  a 
claim  there  should  be  proof  of  actual  existence, 
location  and  clearness  of  title.  Mining  is  neces- 
sarily a  slow  proceeding.  Starting  off  at  the 
commencement  of  works  at  a  new  mine  and  ac- 
companying mill,  it  will  seldom  occur  that  the 
latter  will  do  much  for  some  months,  during 
which  time  funds  are  necessary.  An  approxi- 
mate estimate  should  be  laid  before  holders  of 
stock  not  only  of  the  whole  cost,  but  the  proba- 
ble time  the  work  will  require  for  completion, 
and  the  amounts  required  at  stated  periods  in  the 
meantime;  power  of  engine  to  be  ordered,  size 
and  cost  of  buildings  according  to  plans  furn- 
ished, amount  of  stores  to  be  ordered,  or  pow- 
der, candles,  tools,  etc.,  should  all  be  discussed 
and  legislated  for  at  a  general  meeting  of  the 
stockholders.  An  estimate  should  also  be  fur- 
nished of  the  probable  receipts  which  may  occur 
in  the  interval  which  will  occur  prior  to  the 
uext  periodical  assemblage,  and  if  any  unusual 
outlay  is  made  let  it  be  made  at  the  risk  of  the 
Superintendent,  except  when  arisingfrom  some 
imminent  necessity,  over  and  above  what  is  di- 
rected at  the  meeting.  In  some  cases  holders 
are  to  blame  for  resulting  adverse  circumstances 
from  their  own  carelessnes  in  these  particulars. 
The  making  of  contracts  for  engines  or  sup- 
plies, with  all  matters  pertaining  to  general 
management,  may  be  safely  left  to  the  trustees, 


and  the  executive  management  remain  with  the 
periodically  appointed  officials.  The  general 
meetings  of  stockholders  should  be  held  at 
least  once  in  three  months,  and  the  trustees 
then  called  upon  to  give  a  full  and  detailed  ac- 
count of  their  stewardship;  and,  above  all,  the 
Superintendent  or  trustees  should  give  some 
account  of  proposed  work  during  the  following 
quarter,  and  no  work  or  contract  permitted  un- 
less the  stockholders  have  perfect  confidence  in 
the  Superintendent,  or  it  is  approved  by  them 
at  the  time.  If,  however,  they  only  think  of 
the  value  of  the  stock  and  not  of  the  mine,  and 
take  no  personal  interest  in  the  administration 
of  affairs,  no  matter  how  much  it  is  to  be  re- 
gretted on  moral  grounds,  it  is  too  much  to  ex- 
pect sympathy  for  misfortunes  attributed  to 
their  own  negligence. 

It  can  rarely  happen  that  serious  mischief 
can  be  done  in  three  months  either  from  im- 
proper expenditures,  sinking,  drifting  or  delay- 
ing either,  for  such  a  period.  A  diagram  of  the 
mine  should  be  on  hand  for  convenience  or 
reference.  As  a  usual  thing  all  these  matters 
are  first  designed  by  the  Superintendent  and 
carried  into  effect  without  the  interference  of 
the  general  body,  although  they  are  expected  to 
foot  the  bills.  Of  course  such  a  system  im- 
plies the  appointment  of  an  honest  and  prop- 
erly qualified  Superintendent,  but  to  expect 
practical  advice  on  mining  and  metal- 
lurgical treatment  from  one  only  re- 
cently called  from  the  counter,  the  desk, 
the  stage  or  the  ship,  would  be  ab- 
surd ;  yet  from  such  sources  have  they  often 
been  appointed,  and  as  long  as  dividends  came 
no  questions  were  asked,  no  complaints  made; 
although  it  may  have  been  apparent  from  the 
manner  in  which  the  amounts  were  realized 
that  the  mines  were  being  ruined.  All  outside 
expenditures  should  be  withheld  until  the 
mine  is  sufficiently  developed  to  ascertain  its 
working  value.  Low  grade  ores  can  only  be 
worked  by  careful  avoidance  of  aU  unnecessary 
expense  and  under  the  best  financial  manage- 
ment. Monthly  dividends  are  not  so  good  in 
the  long  run  as  quarterly  since  it  is  often  ju- 
dicious for  the  Superintendent  to  put  men  at 
work  for  short  periods  in  unproductive  works 
for  the  general  benefit  of  the  mine,  which  can 
scarcely  be  done  if  dividends  are  expected 
monthly. 

The  Quartz  Interest 

Is  of  vital  importance  to  this  coast,  and  should 
be  fostered  accordingly,  for  wherever  we  find  a 
successfully  operated  and  paying  mine  we  are 
sure  to  find  activity  and  life  in  all  branches  of 
business.  The  miner's  labor  enriches  the  coun- 
try and  prepares  the  way  for  the  farmer,  me- 
chanic, merchant  and  artizan.  "Why  do  they 
always  want  to  sell  out  ?"  may  be  asked.  Be- 
cause nearly  every  miner  who  owns  and  works 
a  claim  knows,  or  thinks  he  knows,  where  to 
find  another,  an  advantage  the  capitalist  does 
not  possess.  We  must  look  closely  to  the  min- 
ing interests  of  our  State,  particularly,  and  San 
Francisco  should  afford  ample  facilities  for 
treating  our  ores  and  put  an  end  to  ship- 
ments eastward.  If  mining  was  abandoned 
entirely  the  commercial  world  would  feel  it 
severely,  since  money  would  soon  become  so 
scarce. 

Metallurgical  Knowledge 

Should  be  more  wide  spread  and  more  care 
taken  in  our  operations,  for  we  regard  the 
wastage  of  the  precious  metals  indifferently, 
when  if  a  moderate  degree  of  care,  skill  and 
ingenuity  were  employed,  a  great  saving  could 
be  effected.  It  appears  almost  incomprehensi- 
ble that  an  energetic  and  far-seeing  people 
should  permit  the  extraordinary  waste  that  has 
been  going  on  so  long;  but,  unfortunately,  the 
chief  desire  is  to  work  the  largest  amount  of 
ore  in  the  shortest  time,  rather  than  to  get  a 
large  quantity  from  it.  The  mining  interests 
of  the  coast  are  the  chief  source  of  its  prosper- 
ity, and  a  significant  fact  in  proof  of  this  asser- 
tion is  that  we  were  never  so  prosperous  as 
when  we  mined  most.  Lode  mining  is  to-day 
the  most  important  industry  we  have,  and 
recent  developments  prove  that  far  from  being 
only  a  temporary  one,  the  present  generation 
is,  so  to  speak,  merely  sinking  the  shafts  for 
future  ones  to  start  their  drifts  from. 


Swamp  Land  Reclamation. 

The  Board  of  Swamp  Land  Commissioners 
was  in  session  at  Sacramento  on  the  24th  inst., 
and  was  to  continue  in  session  until  the  import- 
ant business  presented  before  them  was  prop- 
erly inaugurated. 

President  C.  F.  Reed,  A.  S.  Bender  and  E. 
H.  Straut,  were  present.  G.  W.  Morgan  was 
elected  Secretary  of  the  Board.  Hon.  S.  W. 
Sanderson  was  chosen  Legal  Adviser  of  the 
Board.  Swamp  levee  districts  desirous  of  ac- 
quiring advantages  under  the  Harvey  Act,  may 
now  freely  apply.  Several  districts  are  pre- 
pared to  apply  for  the  issue  of  bonds  for  re- 
clamation purposes,  and  within  ten  days  their 
desire  will  be  fulfilled.  It  is  supposed  that  the 
probable  settlement  of  the  Alabama  claims  will 
have  a  sensible  effect  on  the  operations  of  resi- 
dent agents  of  English  capitalists,  who  propose 
to  invest  in  projects  for  the  reclamation  of 
swamp  lands. 

The  receipts  of  silver  bullion  at  Salt 
Lake  City,  from  Pioche,  reach  about 
$50,000  per  day. 


Clay  Street  and  Russian  Hill  Railroad. 

The  proposition   to  run  a  railroad  up 

Clay  street  so  as  to  surmount Bussian  Hill, 
will,  naturally  attract  considerable  atten- 
tion from  the  seeming  difficulty  in  effecting 
the  object;  but  when  the  plan  to  be 
adopted  is  known,  these  difficulties  dis- 
appear, and  the  feasibility  of  the  project 
becomes  apparent.  "We  called  this  week  at 
Room  1,  No.  621  Clay  street,  the  office  of 
the  owners  of  the  franchise,  in  order  to 
fully  understand  the  means  to  be  employed 
in  getting  the  cars  up  the  steep  grade  of 
Clay  street  hill.  The  cars  are  to  start  at 
the  corner  of  Clay  and  Kearny  streets,  and 
run  to  Jones  street  on  a  double  track,  and 
are  to  be  drawn  up  the  ascent  by  means  of 
an  endless  steel  wire  rope  three  inches  in 
circumference,  which  runs  constantly  in  a 
tube-shaped  channel  placed  underground 
betweenteach  track.  The  wire  rope  will 
run  on  rollers  which  support  it  below  and 
at  the  upper  crossings  of  the  street,  other 
rollers  are  to  be  placed  to  keep  it  down  in 
proper  position. 

On  the  whole  length  of  Clay  street  from 
Kearney  up,  in  the  middle  of  each  track  is 
to  be  a  slit  or  opening  seven-eights  of  an 
inch  wide  at  the  top  of  the  tube,  in  which 
the  shank  of  a  peculiar  and  ingenious 
"  grip  "  travels.  The  patent  grip  consists 
of  an  L-shaped  frame  which  is  attached  to 
the  car  so  as  to  extend  down  through  the 
slot  into  the  groove  in  which  the  propelling 
rope  travels.  The  grip  is  attached  to  the 
lower  end  of  a  slide,  which  moves  up  and 
down  in  the  frame  so  that  it  can  be  raised 
or  lowered  as  desired,  and  means  are  pro- 
vided by  which  it  can  be  detached  from 
the  rope  at  will  from  the  platform  of  the 
car. 

There  are  to  be  four  tenders,  each  hav- 
ing one  of  these  grips  attached;  the  tenders 
are  constructed  so  as  to  be  connected  to  the 
ordinary  light  street  cars,  a  spring  being 
placed  between  them  to  take  off  any  shock 
which  might  occur  in  starting.  It  is 
expected  that  these  cars  will  run  about 
every  ten  minutes,  or  oftener  if  desired, 
and  the  trip  from  Kearny  street  to  Jones 
street  will  be  made  in  six  minutes.  The 
whole  distance  is  two  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred feet,  and  the  elevation  attained  three 
hundred  and  seven  feet.  Prom  that  point 
horses  are  attached  to  the  cars,  and  the 
road  runs  to  the  western  portion  of  Eussian 
Hill,  the  present  terminus  being  Larkin 
and  Chestnut  streets. 

M olive  Power. 

There  will  be  a  twenty-five  horse-power 
stationary  engine  at  the  corner  of  Jones 
and  Clay  streets,  which  actuates  the  rope 
by  means  of  an  eight-foot  grip  pulley 
placed  horizontally.  An  eight-foot  pulley 
is  also  to  be  placed  at  the  intersection  of 
Clay  and  Kearny  streets.  The  rope  being 
placed  around  these  pulleys  and  moving 
through  the  tube  between  the  rollers,  it  is 
readily  understood  that  one  rope  will  run 
up  hill,  and  the  other  down  between  the 
proper  track,  drawing  the  cars  with  them. 
The  difficulty  heretofore  has  been  to  keep 
the  rope  underground  at  the  street  cross- 
ings, and  to  enable  the  cars  to  ascend  with 
the  variations  in  angles  of  grade.  This  is 
accomplished  by  an  exceedingly  simple 
and  perfectly  safe  gripping  attachment 
heretofore  referred  to,  which  is  entirely 
under  control  of  the  conductor,  so  that  he 
can  stop  or  start  on  any  portion  of  the  line 
of  track.  "When  the  car  reaches  the  top  of 
the  hill,  the  tender  or  truck  carrying  the 
gripping  attachment  can  be  removed  and 
the  horses  hooked  on  without  delay,  the 
passengers  continuing  on  the  same  car 
to  their  destination.  The  gauge  of  the 
track  is  to  be  the  same  as  our  other  street 
railroads. 

Cost. 

The  cost  of  the  road  on  Clay  street 
between  Kearny  and  Jones  streets  will  be 
about  $75,000  or  $80,000,  and  while  it  is 
believed  that  it  will  ultimately  pay  its  way, 


June  i,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


345 


tlio  projectors  do  not  expect  returns  on 
that  amount  of  invested  capital.  The 
benefit  to  property  holders  and  residents 
on  the  hill  will,  however,  be  great,  since 
on  account  of  the  steepness  of  the 
ascent  the  locality  is  difficult  of  access, 
although  healthy  and  commanding  a  fine 
view.  The  owners  of  the  franchiso  are 
Messrs.  Hallidie,  Davis  and  Britton,  and 
as  soon  as  the  necessary  subscriptons  for 
fitting  np  the  road  are  forthcoming,  the 
work  of  construction  will  begin.  Those 
who  are  interested  in  this  project,  which 
will  probabably  do  away  with  the  use  of 
horses  on  steep  grades,  would  do  well  to 
examine  the  model  and  plans  of  the 
projeotors. 

The  Foye  System  of  Binding  Buildings. 

We  copy  from  the  JV.  1*.  Sim  the  following  iu 
reference  to  a  late  California  invention  for 
which  letters  patent  of  the  Unitcil  States  were 
procured  through  the  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency: — 

The  Board  of  Engineers  for  fortifications  in 
New  York,  to  which  the  War  Department  had 
referred  an  important  patent  recently  takenout 
by  Mr.  W.  II.  Foye  o!  Sun  Francisco,  has  just 
reported.  The  invention  not  only  secures  life 
and  property  in  earthquake  countries,  but  also 
enables  our  architects  to  economize  space  in 
overcrowed  New  York.  The  invention  briefly 
described  is  the  binding  of  ordinary  brick  walls 
with  vertical  and  horizontal  iron  bars,  making 
the  structure  an  indissoluble  unit,  for  example, 
as  a  wheel  is  bound  to  its  tire.  The  engineers' 
report  is  elaborate;  its  salient  points  are  as  fol- 
lows : — 

'•In  dwellings,  warehouses,  the  shell  and 
frame  of  churches,  factories,  and  arsenals,  the 
walls  are  of  a  slight  thickness  and  (compara- 
tively) great  hight;  isolated  they  would  be  of 
insufficient  stability  to  resist  even  the  force  of 
the  wind.  Such  structures  owe  their  stability, 
not  alone  to  the  sufficiency  of  each  part,  but  to 
their  union  as  a  whole.  Any  measure  which 
will  aid  in  binding  the  whole  into  a  unit  will  be 
a  benefit.  Mr.  Foye's  system,  besides  adding 
to  the  ordinary  stability  of  a  building,  gives 
greoter  security  against  shocks  of  earthquakes, 
and  the  falling  walls  of  burning  buildings  in 
case  of  fire  or  other  disturbing  agencies." 

The  Board  concurs  in  tbereportof  Gen.  Alex- 
ander to  the  Chairmau  of  Committee  on  Public 
Buildings,  Board  of  Supervisors,  San  Francisco, 
iu  which  that  gentleman  says : — 

"  I  think  the  principles  upon  which  the  in- 
vention is  based  are  sound — it  is  particularly 
applicable  to  heavy  stone  structures — if  skill- 
fully applied  will  be  found  equally  useful  in  or- 
dinary brick  buildings.  The  tyiug  together  of 
the  foundation  is  very  important,  for  whatever 
the  character  of  the  building,  damage  from  dis- 
turbing causes  will  be  less  as  the  foundation 
approaches  a  unit.  The  vertical  rods  bind  the 
top  of  the  building  to  the  foundation  and  af- 
ford to  the  top  the  resistance  due  the  weight  of 
the  entire  structure,  and  when  combined  with 
horizontal  iron  strong  enough  to  keep  the  foun- 
dation from  spreading  will  greatly  aid  in  resist- 
ing subsidence,  and  giving  that  rigidity  so 
necessary  for  the  security  of  buildings.  I  am 
clear  in  my  judgment  that  the  value  of  such  a 
building  (if  such  iron  were  used  according  to 
the  principles  of  the  Foye  patent,)  would  be  en- 
hanced more  than  the  extra  cost  of  the  iron. 
The  Foye  system  renders  buildings  more  secure 
before  and  after  a  fire." 

The  Foye  system  of  binding  a  building  will 
doubtless  he  generally  adopted  within  the  fire 
limits  of  all  large  cities  when  its  value  is  more 
fully  known,  but  like  all  other  inprovements  it 
will  have  to  contend  against  the  prejudices  and 
theories  of  the  ignorant  in  the  profession  in 
which  it  is  classed.  "We  have  not  space  to 
give  a  minute  description  of  all  its  merits,  but 
will  give  some  of  its  leading  points. 

The  combination  of  the  horizontal  and  ver- 
tical iron  rods  introduced  into  the  walls  bind- 
ing the  whole  building  into  and  entirety  affords 
to  each  and  every  part  the  power  of  resistance 
due  the  weight  of  the  whole  structure.  In  case 
of  fire  (where  a  building  is  not  wholly  fire- 
proof the  entire  wood  work  might  be  consumed 
without  serious  injury  to  the  walls,  conse- 
quently when  the  wood  work  is  replaced  the 
building  will  be  the  same  as  before  the  fire. 
Firemen  will  feel  a  greater  sense  of  security  to 
fight  fire  in  a  brick  building  when  it  is  known 
the  wall  cannot  fall  and  crush  them. 

Within  a  few  years  past  the  valuable  lives  of 
eighteen  of  our  citizens  have  been  sacrificed 
outright  by  the  falling  of  walls,  and  how  many 
died  from  injuries  received,  after  lingering  for 
days,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing  ;  but  prob- 
ably as  many  more. 

In  large  cities  where  ground  brings  a  high 
price  and  it  is  desirable  to  economize  space, 
there  is  no  system  of  building  which  will  give 
the  same  satisfactory  results  as  this  ;  for  it  is 


easily  demonstrated  that  a  twelve-inch  wall  is 
stronger  every  way,  and  will  sustain  more 
weight  upon  its  floors,  if  constructed  on  this 
system,  than  a  sixtcen-ineh  wall  without  it. 
The  cost  of  labor  and  material  saved  will  more 
than  pay  for  the  iron.  Eight  inches  of  floor 
room  is  saved  to  the  owner,  which  is  clear  gain, 
and  his  building  will  rent  for  just  that  much 
more  all  the  time,  and  probably  insurance 
could  be  effected  at  lower  rates  on  such  a  build- 
ing. The  gain  iu  grouud-room  increases  in 
fa%'orof  this  system,   when  thicker  walls  are 

built. 

Should  the  foundations  of  a  building  prove 
insecure  the  walls  could  not  settle,  provided  a 
solid  bearing  remained  at  intervals,  for  the 
loasunry'must  crush  before  such  an  occurrence  ; 
and  being  bound  as  a  wheel  by  its  tire,  or  a 
mill-stone  by  its  bands,  it  is  capable  of  resist- 
ing a  much  greater  strain  thau  ordinary  mason- 
T- 
it is  particularly  adapted  to  factories  where 
there  is  a  constant  vibration ;  caused  by  running 
machinery,  and  we  vcuturoto  assert  that  if  this 
system  of  iron  binding  had  been  incorporated 
iu  the  walls  of  the  different  factories  iu  the 
East,  which  have  fallen  and  killed  so  many, 
within  the  past  few  years,  we  should  be  spared 
the  pain  of  such  occurrences,  and  that  constunt 
droad  and  feeling  of  insecurity  of  those  living 
in  brick  buildings  in  consequence  of  earth- 
quakes which  sometimes  occur  in  California, 
would  no  longer  be  felt.  A  building  could  be 
constructed  of  artificial  stone  (the  Ransom  or 
Frear)  with  great  rapidity,  and  then  moved  off 
its  foundation  (if  required)  without  injury  to 
the  building. 

No  engineer,  architect,  builder  or  practical 
man  who  pretends  to  a  knowledge  of  the  prin- 
ciples of  construction,  has  examined  this  sys- 
tem without  endorsing  it. 

We  should  think  the  people  of  Chicago  might 
well  appreciate  this  plan  of  binding  in  the  re- 
building of  that  city.  The  right  to  use  it  should 
be  owned  by  the  city,  and  its  use  compelled  by 
the  fire  Commissioners,  in  the  construction  of 
all  brick  buildings  within  the  fire  limits.. 


Mexican  Gold.— The  exportation  of 
gold  in  bullion  is  now  permitted  by  the 
Mexicans.  A  decree  was  recently  passed 
which  allows  its  exportation  from  ten  of 
the  principal  States  and  from  the  Federal 
District.  This  policy  will  doubtless  aid. 
the  development  of  mining  property  in 
Mexico  and  attract  capital  from  outside 
its  borders. 


Extraction  of  Sulphur  from  Its  Ore  in 
Sicily  and  Spain. 

We  give  below  an  interesting  descrip- 
tion, with  illustrations,  of  the  method  now- 
employed  in  Sicily  and  Spain  for  extract- 
ing sulphur  from  its  ores.  The  furnace 
by  which  the  operation  is  porformed  it 
known  as  a  Calcarone  Furnace  The  pro- 
cess is  simple  in  theory,  but  requires  con- 
siderable practical  experience  in  its  ma- 
nipulation. The  article  was  written  by 
Mr.  Henry  Sowoll,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  the 
author  of  the  lotter  which  wo  published 
in  a  recent  issue  on  the  "  Eberhardt, 
South  Aurora,  and  Utah  Silver  Miniug 
Company's  Mines."  and  pnblished  origin- 
ally in  the  New  York  Engineering  mitt  Min- 
ing Journal: 

The  dimensions  of  a  calcarone  differ 
much,  according  to  the  percentage  of  the 
ores;  that  is,  the  poorer  the  ore,  the  larger 
must  be  the  furnace.  When  I  commenced 
to  uso  them  in  Spain,  I  found  that  furna- 
ces about  fifteen  feet  in  diameter  were  the 
most  successfully   managed   by  workmen 


Winnemtjcca  experienced  an  earthquake  on 
the  23d  inst.  The  reduction  works  at  that 
place,  which  are  being  built  by  a  French  com- 
pany, will  be  ready  for  work  by  the  1st  of  July. 
They  claim  to  have  a  new  process  by  which 
rebellious  ores  may  be  worked  cheaply  and 
profitably.  A  number  of  sales  of  mining  prop- 
erty have  been  recently  made  at  the  above  men- 
tioned place. 

Miners  Wanted. — The  North  Bloomfield 
Gravel  M.  Co.,  are  advertising  for  35  or  40 
miners.  They  are  wanted,  not  only  by  this 
mine,  but  all  over  the  country,  and  some  of  the 
idle  men  in  our  city  could  well  be  spared  both 
with  benefit  to  themselves  and  the  community. 

A  dispatch  from  Eureka,  Nev.,  states  that 
tunnel  locations  under  the  new  Congressional 
Mining  Law  are  all  the  rage.  The  Eureka  Con- 
solidated smelting  works  are  producing  20  tons 
of  bullion  per  day,  and  the  Richmond  10  tons. 
Several  new  furnaces  are  projected. 

Patent  for  Mining  Ground. — The  Julia  Gold 
and  Silver  Mining  Company  have  obtained 
their  patent  to  their  ground,  and  the  question 
of  title  is  now  settled.  The  protests  of  the 
Chollar  and  Bullion  Mining  Companies  were 
rejected  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  Land 
Office. 


Ceown  Point. — The  yield  of  the  Crown 
Point  mine  last  week  fell  off  from  the  pre- 
vious one  nearly  1,000  tons,  caused  by 
trouble  with  water  from  the  Yellow  Jacket. 
The  yield  was  2,180  tons, valued  at  $67,800. 

H.  J.  Booth,  senior  proprietor  of  the 
Union  Iron  Works,  returned  this  week 
from  a  visit  to  the  Eastern  States,  .and  the 
employes  of  the  establishment  gave  him  a 
serenade  on  the  night  of  his  arrival. 

Ninety  flasks  of  quicksilver  were  brought 
from  the  Redington  mine  last  week. 


Calcarone  Furnace— Transverse  Section. 

not  versed  in  the  process ;  but  I  found  also, 
that  for  economy,  and  a  greater  produc- 
tion in  the  smelting,  a  larger  diameter,  say 
33  feet,  gave  the  best  results,  and  this  is 
the  size  of  the  furnace  in  the  accompany- 
ing plan. 

The  hight  at  X,  on  the  front  or  tapping 
door,  varies  from  6  to  8,  and  even  12  feet 
(though  seldom  the  latter) .  At  III 
also,  in  the  ground  and  vertical  plan,  an 
aperture  reaching  from  the  bottom  to  the 
top  of  the  furnace  exists,  this  is  used  for 
loading;  but  after  that  operation  has  been 
concluded,  the  aperture   is    closed   with  a 


VERTICAL    SECTION. 

cast  of  plaster  of  Paris  (or  pieces  put  to- 
gether), the  thickness  being  only  two 
inches.  This  thin  door  is  built  up  new 
every  time,  and  destroyed  for  discharg- 
ing. It  is  used  as  a  pyrometer,  the  heat 
easily  piercing  it,  and  indicates  to  the 
smelter  how  far  the  sulphur  has  sweated 
down. 

In  reality,  this  cannot  be  called  a  smelt- 
ing operation,  as  no  slag  is  formed,  the 
heat  being  only  sufficient  to  make  the  sul- 
phur perspire  out  of  the  stone,  leaving  it 
in  a  spongy  state.  The  ore  is  placed,  in 
large  boulders,  just  as  it  comes  out  of  the 
mines,  from  the  bottom  to  the  middle  of 
the  furnace,  which  has, a  declivity  of  about 
15  or  20  degrees,  such  being  necessary  at 
the  end  of  the  operation,  in  order  that  the 
last  remnants  of  melted  sulphur  shall  run 
towards  the  tapping  door  at  point  M.  In 
loading  the  furnace,  all  the  smaller-sized 
ore  is  reserved  for  filling  the  furnace  near 
the  top,  where  it  is  piled  into  the  shape  of 
a  cone,  as  at  F  F;  and  chimneys  are  left 
at  points  D  I)  D,  about  2  feet  deep.  These 
are  filled  with  brushwood,  and  in  this  way 
the  ore  is  made  to  ignite.  These  hollows 
are  left  while  piling  the  ore,  and  build- 
ing the  cone.  The  object  of  placing  the 
small  ore  at  the  top,  is  pimply  to  prevent 
any  of  the  earth  and  sifted  stone  from  fall- 
ing through  the  large  crevices  that  would 
be  left,  if  largo  boulders  were  placed  at 
the  top. 

The  earth  and  sifted  stone  or  gravel 
play  an  important  part  in  the  manipula- 
tion. At  K  K  we  have,  immediately 
in  contact  with  the  small  ore,  a  stratum 
of  about  6  inches  of  small   sifted  gravel, 


about  the  size  of  a  nnt,  and  on  this  again, 
at  N  N,  we  have  a  coating  of  earth; 
this  is  to  make  the  interior  of  the  furnace 
as  impermeable  as  possible  to  the  oxidiz- 
ing action  of  the  air,  and  this  coating  is 
increased  or  decreased,  according  to  tho 
amount  of  heat  required,  which  in  turn 
depends  on  the  strength  of  the  winds,  and 
their  direction. 

The  brushwood  ignited,  the  ore  com- 
mences to  burn,  and  the  chimneys  are  kept 
open  for  about  twenty  hours,  at  the  end  of 
which  period  the  ore  has  ignited  all  over 
the  surface  of  the  furnace,  and  to  the  depth 
of  sayt15  or  20  inches.  The  chimneys  are 
then  all  closed  as  follows:  bricks  are 
placed  over  them,  as  at  point  P;  and  should 
the  burning  of  the  ore  be  too  rapid,  earth 
is  then  thrown  over  the  bricks;  but  these 
chimneys  are  opened  toward  the  middle  of 
tho  operation,  to  increase  the  heat,  and 
closed  again,  according  to  circumstances, 
to  decrease  it. 

After  forty-eight  hours  the  melted  sul- 
phur begins  to  trickle  down  through  the 
interstices  of  the  stone,  and  congeals,  form- 
ing as  it  were  a  conglomerate  with  the  ore; 
the  heat  also  travels  downwards,  and  so  we 
have  remelting  and  congealing  consecu- 
tively, till  the  sulphur  arrives  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  furnace — forming  a  massive 
conglomerate  of  sulphur  and  ore;  for  it 
fills  the  interstices  up  to  tho  point  where 
the  first  tap-hole  is  drilled,  through  the 
thin  door  of  plaster  at  point  A'  A"  A.  The 
lines  across  the  furnace  denote  the  lines 
or  levels  of  tapping,  and  this  commences 
naturally  at  Z  Z,  and  so  downwards,  as  the 
congealed  sulphur  is  remelted  with  the 
descending  heat.  Every  twenty-four  hours 
a  fresh  tapping  takes  place,  the  former 
holes  are  plastered  up,  and  a  new  hole 
drilled  lower  down,  and  so  on  till  we  get 
to  the  lowest  point  or  bottom  of  the 
furnace.  At  the  end  of  the  operation,  that 
is,  during  the  last  three  days,  nearly  all 
the  chimneys  are  left  open,  so  that  the  air 
shall  descend  to  the  lower  part  of  tho 
furnace,  and  aid  the  combustion  of  the 
ore.  The  jet  of  sulphur  is  received  into 
wooden  moulds,  as  at  point  B.  These  are 
soaked  iu  water  to  prevent  the  sulphur 
sticking  to  the  wood,  and  are  shaped 
wheel-barrow  fashion,  in  order  that  the 
block  of  sulphur  may  easily  fall  out  with- 
out breaking. 

During  the  carrying  away  of  a  mould 
that  has  been  filled,  and  the  bringing  of  an 
empty  one  to  be  filled,  the  jet  runs  into  a 
reservoir  made  for  the  purpose  at  A.  One 
of  the  principal  reasons  for  placing  large 
blocks  of  ore,  from  the  middle  of  the 
furnace  downwards,  is  to  leave  sufficient 
interstices  for  receiving  the  sulphur, 
otherwise  the  first  tap-hole  would  be  too 
high,  and  near  the  ignited  ore,  thus  setting 
fire  to  the  stream  of  sulphur. 

Two  of  the  principal  things  to  be 
guarded  against,  are  overheating  the  fur- 
nace, and,  on  the  other  hand,  carrying 
the  process  so  slowly  by  the  complete 
closing  of  the  chimneys,  that  the  opera- 
tion would  take  two  months  instead  of 
four  weeks  from  the  commencement.  In 
the  former  case,  instead  of  the  sulphur 
congealing  between  the  interstices,  it 
would  all  be  in  a  melted  state  from  the 
top  tap-hole  to  the  bottom,  thus  not  only 
consuming  an  unnecessary  amount  of  sul- 
phur in  keeping  up  the  heat  of  the  fur- 
nace, but  likewise  giving,  by  overheating, 
a  bad  chocolate  brown  color  to  the  sul- 
phur. This  quality  would  hardly  be 
saleable,  even  for  sulphuric  acid.  Any 
number  of  furnaces,  say  ten,  after  having 
been  loaded,  can  be  attended  by  two  men, 
one  in  the  day-time  the  other  at  night. 
As  soon  as  the  operation  is  over,  which 
takes  about  a  month,  both  apertures  are 
opened  to  allow  a  current  of  air  to  pass 
through  the  furnace.  Otherwise,  it 
would  not  cool  for  a  month;  but  by  this 
precaution,  a  furnace  can  be  discharged 
in  a  few  days. 

The  new  patent  now  being  tried,  is  a 
large  brick  furnace  of  the  same  shape, 
hermetically  closed,  and  arched  over,  and 
the  sulphur  is  sweated  out  of  the  ore,  by 
a  constant  jet  of  steam  from  a  boiler. 

Medical  College  of  the  Pacific  —  This 
College  constitutes  a  Medical  Department  of 
University  College,  under  whose  auspices  was 
conducted  the  late  successful  course  of  lectures. 
The  regular  course  of  lectures  in  the  Medical 
Department,  of  five  months'  duration,  will  be 
inaugurated  next  Monday  evening,  at 8  o'clock, 
by  an  introductory  lecture  by  Prof.  Clinton 
Cushing,  in  the  College  Building,  Hi  Stockton 
street,  near  Geaiy.  All  interested  are  cordially 
invited  to  attend. 


Norton's  Door  and  Gate  Spring. — Bliven  & 
Co.  are  manufacturer  and  proprietors  of  this 
invention  instead  of  Davis  &  Bliven  as  men- 
tioned in  another  column. 


346 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  i,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Kindling  Coal  Fires. 

"We  give  below,  from  the  Journal  of  Heath 
some  hints  with  regard  to  kindling  coal  fires  in 
addition  to  those  given  on  page  27  of  the  pres- 
ent volume: — 

Before  coal  kindles  it  must  be  heated  through 
and  through,  made  hot  enough  to  blister  the 
fingers  in  an  instant,  although  still  black.  It 
is  easy  to  see  that  a  small  bit  of  coal  will  get 
thus  heated  sooner  than  a  larger  one;  hence 
the  smaller  the  coal,  the  sooner  it  will  ignite. 

Coal  must  be  kindled  with  wood.  The  wood 
will  give  out  a  certain  amount  of  heat,  and  no 
more ;  and  as  a  given  amount  of  heat  is  neces- 
sary to  kindle  the  coal,  the  more  wood,  and  the 
less  coal,  and  the  smaller  the  pieces,  the 
sooner  and  more  certain  will  the  fire  be  lighted. 

In  the  face  of  these  facts,  persons  are  fre- 
quently seen  in  the  rail-cars,  when  the  fire  in 
the  stove  is  low,  to  put  on  a  large  amount  of 
coal,  the  result  being  that  the  more  coal  put 
on,  the  more  the  fire  will  not  burn,  because  the 
small  amount  of  heat  is  distributed  over  a 
large  amount  of  coal,  all  of  which  is  heated 
some,  but  none  of  it  heated  enough  forignitiou. 
The  more  a  coal  fire  is  stirred,  if  a  little  low,  the 
more  certain  it  is  to  go  out. 

The  best  way  to  replenish  a  coal  fire  is  to  put 
on  a  small  amount  of  coal  while  it  is  burning 
well;  and  after  this  is  thoroughly  kindled,  and 
has  been  red  for  a  short  time,  add  a  little  more 
coal.  In  this  way  a- fire  may  be  keptburaing  a 
whole  day  in  a  grate  without  using  the  poker 
once;  and  good  housekeepers  know  that  every 
time  a  poker  is  used,  the  ashes  fly  in  every  di- 
rection, and  valuable  time  is  expended  in  brush- 
ing them  up.  If  the  poker  must  be  used,  the 
time  to  do  it  is  when  fresh  coal  has  been  thor- 
oughly kindled,  for  then  there  is  no  danger  of 
its  going  out. 

If  a  coal  fire  is  burning  too  much,  either 
cover  it  with  some  of  the  ashes  which  have  fal- 
len through  the  grate — this  makes  the  mass 
more  compact,  and  diminishes  the  draught — or 
if  it  is  desirable  to  put  the  fire  out  altogether, 
as  when  going  to  bed,  press  the  coal  down  from 
the  top  with  a  shovel  or  blunt-edged  poker. 

It  has  been  the  custom  to  use  the  largest 
sized  coal  for  the  furnaces;  this  requires  a 
great  waste  of  wood  in  kindling,  besides,  much 
time  is  lost  in  filing  up  in  the  morning,  the 
very  time  when  most  heat  is  wanted,  and 
wanted  quickly.  It  will  take  less  coal,  and 
give  incomparably  more  comfort,  to  feed  a 
furnace  with  coal,  the  largest  piece  of  which  is 
not  larger  than  a  hen's  egg,  only  taking  care  to 
put  on  a  little  coal  every  hour.  Observation 
and  close  calculating  economy  has  shown  this 
to   all  our  river  boats,    tugs,   and    steamers. 

The  Best  Way  to  Keep  Potatoes. 

Potatoes  should  always  be  kept  in  the  dark. 
Intelligent  rural  housekeepers  need  not  be  told 
this;  but  many  others,  living  in  towns  and 
cities,  should  know  that  potatoes  exposed  to  the 
light  for  a  day  only,  have  their  flavor  injured; 
and  the  longer  they  are  exposed  the  worse  they 
are.  Never  use  a  greenish  potato,  as  such 
tubers  are  unfit  for  human  food.  When  Irish 
potatoes  are  removed  from  the  cellar,  they 
should  always  be  spread  out  thin  on  the  floor, 
in  a  cool  building.  If  the  apartment  is  not 
dark  they  should  be  covered  with  boards,  to  ex- 
clude the  light.  It  is  a  good  practice,  also,  to 
cover  them  with  clean  straw  or  sawdust.  The 
injury  done  to  potatoes  by  the  light,  after  they 
are  carried  from  a  dark  cellar,  is  the  chief  rea- 
son why  there  is  such  a  \miversal  complaint  of 
poor  potatoes  in  the  spring  and  during  the 
forepart  of  summer.  Every  sort  of  vegetable 
that  grows  in  the  dark — beneath  the  surface  of 
the  ground — should  be  stored  in  a  dark  apart- 
ment; while  those  vegetables  and  fruits  which 
mature  in  the  light,  will  ripen  more  satisfac- 
torily, and  develop  a  more  luscious  flavor,  if 
they  are  stored  in  a  light  room. 

Melton  Veal. — This  is  a  standard  dish  at 
the  Melton  Races  in  England,  and  is  composed 
of  alternate  slices  of  veal  and  ham.  Butter  a 
good  sized  bowl  and  slice  as  thin  as  possible 
six  hard-boiled  eggs,  then  line  the  bowl  with 
the  slices.  Place  in  the  bottom  a  layer  of  raw 
veal  steak  in  thin  slices,  and  sprinkle  over  it  a 
small  quantity  of  salt,  pepper  and  grated  lemon- 
peel;  proceed  iu  the  same  way  with  thin  slices 
of  raw  ham,  but  leave  oat  the  salt.  Fill  up  the 
bowl  in  this  manner.  Cover  it  with  a  thick 
paste  of  flour  and  water,  so  stiff  as  to  be  rolled 
out.  Tie  a  double  cotton  cloth  all  over  the  top 
and  boil  three  hours,  putting  it  into  boiling 
water  at  the  first,  and  keeping  the  water  just 
below  the  level  of  the  bowl.  "When  cooked, 
take  off  the  cloth  and  the  paste,  and  let  the  veal 
stand  until  the  following  day;  then  turn  it  out 
on  to  a  platter,  and  cut  very  thin  after  it  comes 
to  the  table;  garnish  with  sliced  lemon  and 
parsley.  It  is  "a  dainty  dish  "  to  set  before  a 
king.  It  is  also  delicious  as  a  side  dish  for  din- 
ner, and  makes  a  good  breakfast. 


Dutch   Cheese. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Rural  New  Yorker 
wants  to  know  how  "  Dutch  Curds  are  made," 
to  which  it  replies:  "We  suppose  this  inquiry  is 
concerning  the  making  of  what  is  known  as  cot- 
tage cheese,  in  some  sections  called  Dutch 
cheese  or  curds.  It  is  the  curd  of  sour  milk 
drained  from  the  whey,  pressed  into  balls  or 
moulded  in  small  fancy  shapes,  and  eaten  when 
fresh,  or  soon  after  it  is  made.  Some  people 
are  very  fond  of  Dutch  cheese  or  curds,  and  the 
process  of  manuf  acture  is  so  simple  and  so  well 
known,  that  we  supposed  every  "good  house- 
wife "  was  well  posted  in  regard  to  its  making. 

The  milk  is  allowed  to  sour  and  become  lopp- 
ering  or  thick,  when  it  is  gently  heated,  which 
facilitates  the  separation  of  the  whey.  The 
curds  are  then  gathered  up,  salted  or  other- 
wise to  suit  the  taste,  and  pressed  in  small 
moulds,  or  formed  with  the  hand  into  suitable 
shape,  when  it  is  ready  for  the  table,,  and  may 
be  used  immediately.  In  cool  weather,  when 
milk  does  not  readily  thicken,  the  sour  milk 
may  be  put  in  a  suitable  vessel  set  in  hot  water 
over  the  range.  The  milk  is  then  stirred  for  a 
few  minutes,  when  the  whey  will  begin  to  sepa- 
rate, and  it  is  removed  and  another  batch  may 
be  treated  in  the  same  manner. 

In  summer  some  use  large  cans,  having  a 
spiggot  near  the  bottom ;  the  sour  milk  is  placed 
in  these  cans,  and  allowed  to  stand  in  the  sun 
to  thicken.  The  heat  of  the  sun  will  be  suffi- 
cient to  separate  the  whey,  which  may  then  be 
drawn  off  through  the  spiggot.  The  curds  are 
then  removed  to  a  sink  havinga  slatted  bottom, 
over  which  a  strainer  cloth  is  placed.  The 
curds  thrown  upon  this  strainer  cloth  are  soon 
drained  of  the  whey,  when  it  is  pressed  into 
balls  with  the  hand,  or  moulded  into  forms. 

Sometimes  this  kind  of  cheese  is  potted  and 
left  to  decompose,  and  when  it  has  acquired  a 
strong,  villainous  smell,  it  is  regarded  as  most 
delicious  by  those  who  have  acquired  a  taste 
for  eating  it  in  this  state.  In  some  markets 
cottage  or  Dutch  cheese  finds  a  ready  sale,  and 
quite  a  profit  is  made  by  certain  butter-makers, 
in  turning  their  sour  milk  into  this  product. 

"Washington  Pastby. — A  sojourner  in  "Wash- 
ington sends  the  following:  I  am  particularly 
fond  of  lemon  pie  and  ice-cream  for  dessert. 

At hotel  I  went  on  peaceably  for  a  couple 

of  weeks,  but  always  eating  lemon  pie  under  a 
silent  protest,  lor  I  was  a  stranger,  and  did  not 
like  to  make  objections.  Finally,  I  called  a 
waiter  and  said: 

"John,  I  have  nothing  to  say  about  the  ice- 
cream, but  what  kind  of  a  pie  is  this  ?" 

"  "What  kind  of  a  pie  did  you  order,  sah  ?" 

"  I  ordered  lemon  pie,  but  this  appears  to  be 
dried  apple." 

"  Dat's  a  lemon  pie,  sah.  You  know  dey  has 
a  way  of  mexin  dried  apples  in  the  lemon  pies 
here,  sah,  to  dat  extent  it  requires  a  man  of 
ability  to  'stinguish  'em  apart,  sah.  De  lemons 
is  scase,  you  know,  and  dey  has  to  'conomize 
'em  so  as  to  make  one  lemon  do  for  sixteen 
pies." 

Fbesh-caught  Fish. — There  is  a  white  curdy 
matter  very  plainly  seen  between  the  flakes  of 
fresh-boiled  fish,  which  imparts  much  flavor  to 
the  fish.  The  excellence  of  the  salmon  broiled 
over  a  fire,  or  cooked  on  skewers,  is-  doubtless 
due  to  the  presence  of  a  large  quantity  of  this 
curdy  substance,  the  fish  being  cooked  as  soon 
as  caught.  For  this  matter,  which  is  defined 
as  "a  film  of  albumen  produced  by  the  coagu- 
lation of  the  serous  juices  intervening  between 
the  muscular  layers,"  evaporates  rapidly  after 
the  fish  is  dead;  therefore  fish  are  eaten  in  per- 
fection only  directly  after  they  are  caught. 


Tomatoes  in  Iron  Pots. — There  are  a  thou- 
sand and  one"things  I  would  like  to  know,  (and 
probably  shall,  in  time,  unless  I  have  to  learn 
how  to  vote),  but  this  I  do  know,  that  tomatoes 
must  not  be  cooked  in  an  ironpot.  Some  bene- 
ficient  housekeeper,  following  in  the  footsteps 
of  the  illustrious  "scrapple"  maker,  gives  a 
recipe  in  last  week's  Rural  for  a  cheap  soup,  in 
which  she  directs  the  ingredients  to  be  put  in 
an  iron  pot.  I  sometimes,  at  good  tables,  taste 
tomatoes  which  have  been  made  bitter  by  this 
process.  If  the  intention  is  to  medicate  them, 
the  result  will  satisfy  the  design. — Rural  New 
Yorker. 


"Whitening  Flannel. — Immerse  the  flannel 
for  an  hour  in  a  dilute  solution  of  acid  sulphate 
of  soda,  and  then  stir  in  a  dilute  of  hydro- 
chloric acid  in  the  proportion  of  one  part  of 
acid  to  fifty  of  water.  The  vessel  is  then  to  be 
covered  over  and  allowed  to  remain  for  a  quar- 
ter of  an  hour,  when  the  articles  are  to  be  re- 
moved and  thoroughly  washed. 


Live  within  tour  means  is  a  good  principle 
to  keep  in  sight  in  all  matters  of  Domestic  Econ- 
omy. If  your  income  is  five  dollars  a  day, 
spend  but  four.  If  it  is  one  dollar,  spend  eighty 
cents.  If  it  is  but  ten  cents,  spend  nine.  If  it 
is  three  potatoes,  save  half  a  potato  for  seed. 
Thus  you  will  gradually  acquire  something, 
while,  if  you  spend  and  consume  as  you  go, 
you  will  never  get  ahead  one  inch  in  life,  but 
every  sunset  will  look  on  you  poorer  than  at 
sunrise,  because  you  will  have  used  uuprofita- 
bly  one  day  more  of  your  strength  and  your 
allotted  term  of  life. 


Icing  Pastry. — When  nearly  baked  enough 
take  the  pastry  out  of  the  oven,  and  hold  over 
it  till  the  sugar  is  melted,  a  hot  iron  shovel. 
The  above  method  is  preferred  for  pastry  to  be 
eaten  hot;  for  cold,  beat  up  the  whites  of  two 
eggs  well,  wash  over  the  top  of  the  pies  with 
a  brush,  and  sift  over  this,  a  good  coating  of 
sugar;  cause  it  to  adhere  to  the  egg  and  pie 
crust;  trundle  over  it  a  clean  brush  dipped  in 
water,  till  the  sugar  is  all  moistened.  Bake 
again  for  about  ten  minutes. 

Johnnycake  . — Beat  one  egg,  add  one  cup  of 
sour  milk,  one  cup  of  sweet  milk,  one  tea- 
spoonful  of  soda,  from  one  to  three  tablespoon- 
fnls  of  molasses,  salt,  and  stir  quite  soft. 


To  Purify  Dairy  Utensils. 

Stand  on  end,  in  a  convenient  place  for  use, 
an  open-ended  vessel  of  suitable  dimensions  for 
the  size  of  the  dairy,  say  from  half  a  barrel  to  a 
hogshead.  In  this  slake  some  good  quicklime, 
enough  to  make  a  thin  whitewash  when  filled 
full  of  water,  and  cover  to  keep  out  the  dust 
and  dirt.  The  lime  will  settle,  leaving  a  satu- 
rated solution  of  lime  o.ver  it,  as  clear  as  spring 
water. 

After  using  the  milk  pans,  etc.,  wash  them  as 
other  utensils  are  washed  and  rinsed,  then  dip 
them  in  the  adjoining  cask  of  clear  water,  giv- 
ing them  a  quick  turn,  so  that  every  part  be- 
comes immersed  therein;  set  them  to  drain  and 
dry,  and  the  purification  is  complete  without 
any  scalding  process,  from  the  new  pan  to  the 
old  worn-out  one. 

The  lime  in  the  clear  water  instantly  neutral- 
izes the  acidity  of  the  milk  yet  remaining  in  the 
cracks  or  seams,  etc.,  of  the  milk  vessels,  to  de- 
stroy which  the  process  of  scalding  has  been 
performed.  In  the  case  of  a  very  small  dairy, 
or  one  cow,  the  clear  water  may,  if  preferred, 
be  dipped  out  for  the  time  being  and  poured 
gently  back  again,  the  lime  purifying  the  water 
and  keeping  it  good  all  summer. 


Selected  Receipts. 

To  Preserve  Strawberries. — To  two  pounds 
of  fine,  large  strawberries,  add  two  pounds  of 
powdered  sugar,  and  put  them  in  a  preserving 
kettle,  over  a  slow  fire,  till  the  sugar  is  melted; 
then  boil  them  for  half  an  hour  as  fast  as  possi- 
ble; have  ready  a  number  of  small  jars,  and 
put  the  fruit  in  boiling  hot.  Cover  the  jars  im- 
mediately, and  keep  them  through  the  summer 
in  a  cold,  dry  cellar.  The  jars  must  be  heated 
before  the  hot  fruit  is  poured  in,  otherwise 
they  will  break. 

To  Pack  Away  Dresses. — Carefully  fold  in 
very  dark  blue  paper,  as  highly  glazed  as  pos- 
sible. This  will  preserve  the  color  of  them, 
but  they  must  also  be  kept  in  a  dry  place,  or 
be  occasionally  unfolded  and  hung  for  a  few 
hours  in  a  dry  room,  and  the  paper  be  dried, 
too,  otherwise  they  are  sure  to  get  spotted  with 
mould. 


Cut  Flowers. — The  first  thing  to  be  consid- 
ered in  arranging  cut  flowers  is  the  vase.  If  it 
is  scarlet,  blue  or  many-colored,  it  must  neces- 
sarily conflict  with  some  hue  in  your  bouquet. 
Choose  rather  pure  white,  green  or  transparent 
glass,  which  allows  the  delicate  stems  to  be 
seen.  Brown  Swiss-wood,  silver,  bronze  or 
yellow  straw  conflict  with  nothing.  The  vaso 
must  be  subordinate  to  what  it  holds.  A  bowl 
for  roses.  Tall-spreading  vases  for  gladiolus, 
fern,  white  lilies,  and  the  like.  Cups  for  vio- 
lets and  tiny  wood  flowers.  Baskets  for  vines 
and  gay  garden  blossoms.  A  flower-lover  will 
in  time  collect  shapes  and  sizes  to  suit  each 
group.  Colors  should  be  blended  together  with 
neutral  tints,  of  which  there  are  an  abundance 
— whites,  grays,  purples,  tender  greens— and 
which  harmonize  the  pink,  crimsons,  and  bril- 
liant red  into  soft  unison.  The  water  should 
be  warm  for  a  winter  vase — cool,  but  not  iced, 
for  a  summer  one.  A  little  salt  or  a  bit  of  char- 
coal should  be  added  in  hot  weather,  to  obviate 
vegetable  decay,  and  the  vase  filled  anew  each 
morning.  "With  these  precautions  your  flowers, 
if  set  beside  an  open  window  at  night,  will 
keep  their  freshness  for  many  hours  even  in 
July,  and  reward  by  their  beautiful  presence 
the  kind  hand  which  arranged  and  tended 
them. 

Arsenic  in  Colored  Carpetings. — Hallwachs 
has  found  that  not  only  green  but  also  the  red- 
colored  carpetings  frequently  contain  arsenic. 
He  particularly  asserts  that  the  brilliant  dark  red 
colors  now  so  greatly  in  demand,  contains  enor- 
mous quantities  of  this  poisonous  substauce. 
The  goods  burned  with  the  blue  flame  of  arsen- 
ic, and  gave  its  characteristic  garlic  odor. 
Enough  of  the  color  could  be  nibbed  off  with 
the  finger  to  give  a  distinct  precipitate  of  arsen- 
ic with  the  usual  reagent,  and  in  solution  in  hy- 
drochloric acid  covered  some  copper  pieces  with 
the  greyish  coating  characteristic  of  the  sub- 
stance. 


Potatoes,  which  are  a  dearer  food  than  meat 
for  the  supply  of  flesh,  are  far  cheaper  as  a 
source  of  heat  to  the  body,  so  with  this  view 
we  associate  them  in  our  meals.  Cheese  gives 
us  cheap  flesh  but  dear  fuel,  so  we  take  it  with 
bread,  which  supplies  the  latter  economically. 
The  making  of  palatable  mixtures  of  various 
kinds  of  food  forms  the  art  of  cookery.  It  is  a 
maxium  as  old  as  Hippocrates,  that  "whatever 
pleases  the  palate  nourishes,"  and  it  is  only 
when  taste  becomes  depraved  by  indulgence 
that  the  pleasure  of  eating  becomes  contempti- 
ble. 

A  western  paper  gives  the  following  recipe 
for  keeping  potatoes,  and  asserts  that  it  will 
preserve  them  for  years:  Dust  over  the  floor  of 
the  bin  with  lime;  put  in  about  six  or  seven 
inches  deep  of  potatoes,  and  dust  with  lime  as 
before.  Put  in  six  or  seven  inches  of  potatoes, 
and  lime  agaiu,  and  repeat  the  operation  till  all 
are  stowed  away.  One  bushel  or  lime  will  do 
for  forty  bushels  of  potatoes,  though  more  will 
not  hurt  them,  the  lime  rather  improving  the 
flavor  than  otherwise.  The  lime  may  be  used 
for  fertilizing  after  this  use  of  it. 


Bed  Bugs. — Take  as  much  common  salt  as  a 
quart  of  cold  water  will  dissolve,  and  wash  the 
bedstead  thoroughly.  After  a  few  trials  there 
will  be  no  occasion  to  repeat  the  process. 


Machinery  for  the  Condor  Mine. 

The  mill  machinery  of  the  Condor  mine, 
(discovered  by  Mr.  J.  D.  Boyd,  in  the  Ely 
Mining  District,  Lincoln  county, )  is 
worthy  of  the  inspection  oi  those  skilled 
in  such  matters,  on  account  of  its  superior 
character.  The  engine,  boiler  and  roller 
pans  are  at  the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  and 
will  be  shipped  in  a  few  days.  The  cylin- 
der of  the  engine  is  14  inches  in  diameter, 
and  30-inch  stroke.  The  crushing  of  the 
ore  as  it  comes  from  the  mine  is  to  be  done 
by- one  of  the  large  size  Brodie  crushers, 
made  at  the  Fulton  Foundry,  which  re- 
duces it  to  an  average  size  of  one-half  inch 
at  the  rate  of  forty  tons  per  day  with  five- 
horse  power.  The  distinctive  principle  of 
this  crusher  consists  in  giving  two  motions 
to  the  working  jaw  instead  of  one,  as  in 
the  crushers  of  ordinary  construction, 
thereby  doing  more  work  and  better  pre- 
paring of  the  stuff  for  the  disintegrating 
action  for  the  next  step.  This  crusher 
weighs  9,000  pounds,  and  is  made  in  pieces, 
as  is  the  engine,  for  ease  of  handling,  be- 
ing put  together  with  keys.  Erom  the 
Brodie  crusher  the  ore  passes  without 
handling  to  a  pair  of  rolls  twenty  seven 
inches  in  diameter,  and  weighing  8,000 
pounds,  made  at  the  Pacific  Foundry,  and 
is  further  reduced  to  variable  sizes  from 
very  fine  stuff  to  three-sixteenths  of  an 
inch,  at  the  rate  of  forty  tons  per  day  at 
an  expense  of  five-horse  power. 

The  pulverizing  and  amalgamation  of 
the  ore  will  be  done  in  six  of  the  new  im- 
proved Hepburn  roller  pans  (made  at  the 
Occidental  Foundry),  each  weighing 
5,300  pounds  complete,  requiring  four- 
horse  power  to  drive  them,  and  reducing 
from  6  to  8  tons  of  ore  per  day.  These 
pans,  as  shown  by  the  experience  of  mills 
now  running,  operate  with  less  power, 
lose  less  quicksilver,  and  take  the  ore 
much  coarser  than  any  of  the  ordinary  flat- 
bottom  pans,  thus  avoiding  the  necessity 
of  batteries  and  stamps,  and  the  heavy  ex- 
pense of  the  latter  in  erection  and  opera- 
tion. 

The  settling  of  the  quicksilver  is  accom- 
plished by  six  eight-foot  settlers,  of  slight- 
ly convex  bottom  and  four  feet  in  depth. 
These  have  been  found  to  be  very  efficient 
in  practice;  they  each  weigh  4,400  pounds, 
and  are  made  at  the  same  foundry  as  the 
pans.  This  mill  has  a  capacity  of  from 
thirty-five  to  forty  tons  per  day,  according 
to  the  nature  of  the  ore  to  be  reduced.' — 
Alia, 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBUB.O,    PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Glimmers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $30,  $50,  $76,   and  $110.     DIAMOND  TUKN- 
ING  TOOLS,  $15  each. 


SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From   40   cents   to   $113   each. 

Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  "by 
using  these  "Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  eastings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  "WOOD  "WORKER  .can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

13v24-tf 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     AND     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  Brass  Foundry) . 

N."W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.     En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  6v23-3m 


Pkice  Pen  Copy..  15  Cents  |  Annual  StmscitiPTicN..$10 

SAN    FRANCISCCT~NEWS    LETTER 

AND  CALIFORNIA  ADVERTISER. 
Denoted  to  the  Leading  Intercuts    of  California  and   the  Pacific 


The  News  Letter  is  the  mostreliable  organ  representing 
the  moneyed  and  substantial  interests  of  the  Ci'y  and 
State;  its  Banking,  Real  Estate,  Commerce,  Insurance, 
Mining  and  other"  Stocks.  It  reflects  the  times  as  they 
pass; men,  manners,  literature,  theatricals  and  tollies.  It 
is  piquant  and  pungent  I>y  turns— wise,  witty,  grave,  gay, 
lively  and  severe;  the  mentor,  whip  and  mirror  of  the 
towti.  Sold  by  all  Booksellers  and  News  Agents  through- 
out the  world.  ,, 

Office—  (i.;i  Montgomery  street,  opposite  Montgomery 
Block.  Also,  Offices  of  the  "China  Mail,"  "Mail  Bag,  ' 
"  City  Index  and  Purchaser's  Guide,"  etc.  lt?v2J-tf 


June  i,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


347 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
BTATISTIOIAIT, 

Reports  and  estimates  mads  sbont  all  dppnr- 


Production,  Commerce,  and  Manufacture,  of  tb«  Pacific 
Coast.  5VJ+-1I 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  102  Stockton  street Ban  Flu. 

■a?"  Surgical    cases  from  tho  country   received  ami 
treated  at  tho  Homeopathic  Hospital. 
AU  letters  onnwir.  .1  promptly. 


6ILXJ    H-  Oa*T.  ]!»■  •    M.    IUV1.1. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  COl/NSEMmN  AT  I,A\V, 

Ii  Building  of  Pacific  Insurance  Co.  H.   E.  corner  Call- 

'ornla  an     LeldondorfT  street*, 

BAH   KKANt'If, 


Spectacles   My   Specialty. 

C.  MULLER.  Optician. 
135  Montgomery  street,  near  Bush.  Rum*  Block, 
opposite  the  Occidental  Hotel. 


JOHN   ROACH.   Optician, 

429   Montgomery   Street) 

S.  W.  camel  Sacramento. 

Surveying  Insit-unieiit.i  iimic.   repaired  and  adjusted 

B    i;-3m 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood   Turner,  and 

eCROrjL     HAWYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street 9an  Francisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St..  bet.  First  and  Second, 


2lT2S*tf 


S\<  kam  3RO. 


WM.   HAKTLIKG.  OKMRr    KIMBALL. 

BARTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS*, 

Paper  Bulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

HOG  Cluy  "I  i>.i.    loulhwi      ,  ..,.,■.  .  ::, 
lavl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SA.N    FRANCISCO 

COEDAS E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.     Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.     Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  Bize  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  k  CO.,  Agents, 

36  611  and  613  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  Mission  street,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Particalar  attention  paid  to  all  kimls  of  Milhvricht'Work, 
especially  to  the  erection  of  FLOUR  MILLS.  DISTIL- 
LERIES, eic.    Also.  CoBRinK  Mill  and  Steamship  Wheels. 

Manufacturers  "f  Nash's  (Jutts  Grain  Separators  Bnild- 
ors  of  Improved  Hydraulio  Wine  Presses,  Grape  Stein mers 
and  Crashers,  etc.  15v2:i-6m 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL     E  J*  G  R  A.  V  E  H, , 
AMI  LETTER  CUTTEK. 

Brass  and  Steel  stamps  and  Dies,  609  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

K.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 


BANKING  HOUSE. 

No.  115  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

35v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOR— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 


FISHERS 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 

IS  THE 

Cheapest  and    Best 

Hydraulic  Machine 

In  use. 


The  only  reliable  party  In  the  Hydraulic  businea 
9v33>t< 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  ORDER, 

to    throw    from 

Olio 

to  an 

eight-inch 

bTRKAM. 

who  protects  hie  patrons. 

Address  ?.  H.  FISHES,  Nevada,  Cal. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE-  I  hereby  caution  Miners  ami  Manufacturers  against  malting,  buy- 
inc.  leUlnf,  <ir  using  <l  Hydraulic   Miicbiue  or  Joint  kiiuwn  as  tin-   Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  wdd  by  It,  B.  & 

■i .  Craig  and  Richard  EXoakln,  us  the  name  is  an  Infringement  upon  the  inTentiou  <>f  the  maohine  known  as  FISH- 
SB'S  hydraulic  CHIEF,  Beouxed  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,222,  dated  Deo.  20,  1870.  ail  parties  participating 
in  boob  Intrtngeiriflnta  will  bo  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan,  IStb,  F   li.  FI&HE&. 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hummers,   Forge   Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hummers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.     Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
B=7"  Send  lor  Circulars.  13v24-3i 


THE       SELDEN       PUMP 


PATENTED 
Aug.  2,  1870. 
Dec.  20, 1870. 


Combines    Simplicity   and    Durability   to   a    Remarkable   Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  -which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  Bent  on  application. 

A.    CARR, 

43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 
Agent  Wasted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v23-ly-eow 


CARS, 

LIGHT,     STRONG     AND     ELEGANT. 


No.    a4X     EEARXT    8TREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pino  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and"  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY   &  SONS' 

Patent  -A.  g  r  » flFe  Pianos, 

.GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 


Pianos  to  Let.  Eiy^gaj 

A.    EEY1IAB, 
I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
il8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


Omnibuses     of     Every     Style. 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  sending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  the  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Guilders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 
25v23-eow-2Gt  JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.    AddresB 
5-v24-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings,  Mil  Is, Bridg- 
es, or  other  architec- 
tu  r  a  1  improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons ur  corporations  in 

the  city  or  the  interior. 

~  Hashadfull  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure    good    satisfac- 
EDW.    W.    TIFFT, 
No.  626  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco 


FirBt  PrcmiumB  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  ¥ 
M(CROH<    ORE!-*. 

Illustrated    Price    List    sent    free. 

Mag-ic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  illustrated,    sent    free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond   Carbon-Points. 

ffiff,l        Fie/.  2  Fiy.  3  Ftyd 


I 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  ol 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  PriceB,  send  Btamp  to 

Iv24-Gm  J.  DICKINSON.  G4  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


RICHARD  H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 
City   and    County    Surveyor. 

Office— Room  16,  City  Hall.  ]lv21-5m 


Hydraulic    Miners,      Attention ! 


If  you  wlab  to  keep  Up  with  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR.  These  are  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Patent,  and  infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  idle  to  suit.  Are  in  use  under 
all  pressures,  from  445  feel  down. 

WILL  DISCHARGE  FULLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  WATER  than  any  other,  under  thu 
Borne  eircumsteDoes. 

Au  injunction  from  the  V.  S.  District  Court  Is  now  In 
force  against  HYDRAULIO  CHIEF,  and  parties  using 
the  Bame  will  be  duly  prosecntedi 

I  iiiiiy  guarantee  my  enstamozs  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

TO  WILLIAMSON  &  CORY,  Marypville;  J.  H.  NASH.Pla- 
cervilJe;  P,  SMITH,  at  Locke  k  Montague's  (San  Frau- 
clsco  Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Solo  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,  under  AUenwood'B, 
Mascy's,  Rice's,  Craig's,  and  HoBkin'B  Patents. 
I6v24t. 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 

MANUFACTUUEIIS    OP 

U.     S.     STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 
IVORY     RULES. 


ALSO  EXCLUSIVE    MANUFACTURERS   OF 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  the  Combination  Rule,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  the  very  bcBt  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood, 
heavily  bound  wilh  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

The  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  be  tested  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  the  aid  of  a  smaU  screw-driver,  but 
this  is  seldom  required. 

In  its  application  us  a  Slope  Level  it  is  especially 
adapted  for  Miners'  use,  as  it  shows  the  pitch  to  the 
foot,  and  degree  of  inclination  at  once.  It  is  six 
inches  long.when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-eighths  inches  thick,  the  cut  being  just  one- 
fourth  Bize. 

"  By  the  use  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  can  always  have  in  his  pocket 
the  most  valuable  of  his  apparutus  used  in  construction, 
combined  in  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form." — Sci- 
entific American. 

Price  bo  mail,  prepaid,  $4.  For  agents'  terms,  address 
STEPHENS    k    CO.. 

18v24-3m  Rivertou,  Conn. 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  1C0  feet  high,  and  to  a  murh  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  live  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal. 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY 

118  Front  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Tire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing,  , 

Valves,   Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 

12vl3-3m  J.  W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


348 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  i,  1872. 


Jatents  &  Inventions. 


Full  List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to 
Pacific    Coast    Inventors. 

[Fhom  Official  Repobts  to  DEWEY  &  00.,  U.  S.  and 

Foreign  Patent  Agentb,  and  Publishebs   of 

the  Scientific  Pbebs.] 

Fob  the  Week  Ending  May  14th,  1872. 

Teade-Maek — Teas. — Castle  Brothers,  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

Gasket-Pacsing. — George  "W.  Coffee,  San 
Franeisco,  Cal.;  assignor  to  himself  and  John 
"W.  Tucker,  same  place. 

Apparatus  for  Ageing  Wines  and  Liquoks. — 
Adolphe  Luquet  and  Prosper  Huerne,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.  fc* 

Bee  Hive. — Peter  Ole  Petersen,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Obe-Washee. — William  T.  Packard,  Monitor, 
Cal. 

Magnetic  Indicator  for  Teaching,  Etc, — Ja- 
cob Unna,  San  Francisco,  Cal, ;  assignor  to 
A.  Boman  &  Co.,  same  place. 

Candlestick.— Joseph  Williams,  San  -Mateo, 
Cal. 

Lubricator. — William  T.  Garratt,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Note. — Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  AH  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  less  time  than  by  any  other 
agency  ' 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Peess  American  and 
Foreigh  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are 
■worthy  of  mention : 

Passenger  Fare  Bos. — Carlton  Newman, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  assignor  to  himself  and 
Geo.  P.  Kimball  and  E.  L.  Ogden.  This  is  an 
improvement  in  boxes  for  collecting  fares  on 
street  cars  and  other  vehicles  carrying  passen- 
gers. It  consists  firstly,  in  a  novel  arrangement 
of  the  first  or  receiving  chamber,  into  which 
the  money  or  fare  is  deposited  for  inspection; 
Secondly,  in  an  improved  arrangement  of  the 
lamp  and  reflector,  so  as  to  give  the  best  possi- 
ble light;  Thirdly,  in  the  employment  of  a  per- 
forated metal  front  for  the  upper  chamber 
through  which  the  fare  can  be  inserted  if  de- 
aired.  This  front  is  arranged  so  that  it  may  be 
lifted  vertically  in  the  frame  of  the  box  by  a  lever 
or  other  suitable  device,  so  as  to  drop  the  fare 
into  the  next  compartment ;  and  lastly  in  the 
employment  of  an  intermediate  chamber  of  a 
novel  and  useful  construction,  into  which  the 
fare  passes  from  the  inspection  chamber  before 
entering  the  drawer  or  lower  compartment. 

This  is  an  ingeniously  constructed  box 
which  is  burglar-proof,  and  for  simplicity  and 
convenience  excels  anything  of  the  kind  here- 
tofore used  in  the  Eastern  States.  It  is  now  in 
use  on  some  of  the  Howard  street  cars,  in  this 
city,  as  well  as  on  the  Oakland  and  Fruit  Vale, 
San  Jose  and  other  lines,  where  it  is  said  to 
give  good  satisfaction. 

Improvement  in  Watebproofing  or  Preserv- 
ing Fabrics. — Sidney  P.  Cook,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  This  invention  relates  to  an  improved 
process  or  composition  for  treating  fabrics  for 
the  purpose  of  rendering  them  water-tight  and 
proof  against  the  effects  of  dampness,  while  it 
also  preserves  the  fibre  and  qualities  of  the 
goods.  It  is  more  particularly  applicable  for 
treating  canvas  or  other  closely  woven  fabrics 
which  are  intended  for  the  manufacture  of  hy- 
draulic hose,  such  as  are  employed  in  connec- 
tion with  steam  and  other  fire  engines  and  like 
purposes.  When  used  for  this  purpose  it  not 
only  closes  up  the  pores  and  interstices  of  the 
fabric  with  an  indissiluble  substance,  but 
renders  the  employment  of  rubber  coating  for 
the  hose  of  no  particular  use,  shields  the  fabric 
from  injury  and  makes  it  tough  and  unyield- 
ing. 

Stamp  and  Hammering  Machine. — Geo.  D, 
Crocker,  Virginia  City,  Nevada.  This  inven- 
tion is  classed  among  stamping  and  hammering 
machines,  such  as  are  used  for  hammering 
metal,  drugs,  rock  and  other  materials  or  sub- 
stances, either  for  the  purpose  of  forging  or 
crushing  them.  The  machine  is  a  combination 
of  the  ordinary  stamp  and  stem,  such  as  are 
used  in  quartz  mills  for  crushing  ores,  with  a 
lever  arm  for  operating  them  in  the  manner  of 
operating  an  ordinary  tilt  or  trip-hammer.  The 
improvement  consists  in  an  attachment  or  joint 
for  connecting  the  lever  arm  with  the  stamp- 
stem,  by  which  sufficient  freedom  of  motion  is 
permitted  to  accommodate  the  movements  of 
both,  while  the  blow  of  the  hammer  or  stamp 
will  not  affect  it. 

Machine  for  Clarifying,  Mixing  and  Bleach- 
ing Lard. — Oscar  J.  Backus,  San  Francisco, 
.Cal  This  invention  is  a  machine  for  treating 
lard,  in  order  to  improve  its  commercial  value 
by  clarifying,  bleaching  and  mixing  it  in  one 
process,  so  as  to  render  it  perfectly  white  and 
pure  and  homogenous  throughout  the  whole 
mass.  It  consists  of  oppositely  inclined  plane 
surfaces  combined  in  one  machine,  and  ar- 
ranged one  above  the  other.     At  the  lower  side 


of  each  inclined  surface  is  placed  a  strainer,  or 
perforated  channel,  which  receives  the  lard  and 
delivers  it  upon  the  next  lower  inclined  surface 
in  a  finely  divided  state,  so  that  the  air  can  act 
upon  every  particle  and  bleach  it. 


The  Test  of  Interesting  Decisions,  in 
Patent  Cases. 

Date  of    Invention — Priority  of  Invention — Reduc- 
tion to  Practice — Prior  Publication. 

A  patentee  whose  patent  is  assailed  upon  the 
ground  of  want  of  novelty,  may  show  by 
sketches  and  drawings  the  date  of  his  incep- 
tive invention ;  and  if  he  has  exercised  reason- 
able diligence  in  "  perfecting  and  adapting  "it 
and  in  applying  for  his  patent,  its  protection 
will  be  carried  back  to  such  date. 

In  a  race  of  diligence  between  rival  inven- 
tors, the  one  who  first  perfects  an  invention 
and  embodies  it  in  a  distinct  form  is  entitled  to 
priority. 

He  is  entitled  to  priority  of  right  to  a  patent 
who  first  reduces  his  invention  to  a  fixed,  pos- 
tive  form,  adapted  to  practical  use. 

Reasonable  diligence  in  ' '  perfecting  and 
adapting  "  an  invention  is  essential  to  the  effi- 
cacy of  a  claim  against  the  patent  of  an  inde- 
pendent though  subsequent  inventor. 

Illustrative  drawings  of  conceived  ideas  do 
not  constitute  an  invention,  and  unless  they 
are  followed  up  by  a  seasonable  observance  of 
the  requirements  of  the  patent  laws  they  can 
have  no  effectupon  a  subsequently-granted  pat- 
ent to  another. 

Where  A,  in  I860,  illustrated  his  idea  of  an 
invention  by  a  pencil  sketch,  which  was  laid 
aside  and  subsequently  lost,  and  did  nothing 
further  with  the  invention  for  five  years,  while 
B,  an  independent  inventor,  took  out  a  patent 
for  the  invention  in  1862:  Held,  that  A  had  not 
"  perfected  and  adapted"the  inventionin  1860, 
and  that  by  reason  of  his  long-continued  re- 
missness he  lost  any  inchorate  right  he  might 
have  had  to  jiriority. 

Where  a  printed  publication  is  relied  upon 
to  defeat  a  patent  it  must  be  proved  that  it  was 
put  in  circulation  or  offered  to  the  public  be- 
fore the  patentee's  invention,  and  this  must  be 
proved  independently  of  the  imprint  on  the 
title  page. 

Whether  an  illustration  by  drawing,  unac- 
companied with  verbal  description  as  would  de- 
ieat  a  patent,  within  the  intent  of  the  clause  of 
the  statute  relating  thereto,  may  well  be  denied 
on  the  authority  of  Seymour  vs.  Osborne,  11 
WaU„  516. 

U.  S.  Circuit  Court,  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvanio. 
9.  J.  Reeves  vs.  the  Keystone  Bridge  Company  et  al. 
In  Equity,  before  McKennan,  Circuit  Judge,— Decision 
rendered  April  1, 1872. 


Bank  Blasting  at  Dntch  Flat. 

Editors  Press: — The  result  of  an  exper- 
imental bank-blast  with  giant  powder  No. 
2,  at  this  place,  last  week,  cannot,  I  think, 
fail  to  interest  you,  and  through  you,  the 
miners  of  this  Coast.  Bandman,  Nielsen  & 
Co.,  agents  for  this  powder,  feeling  assured 
it  was  just  the  thing  for  pulverizing  ob- 
stinate hydraulic  banks,  liberally  pro- 
posed to  furnish  the  "writer  with  powder 
gratis,  for  a  blast  on  any  scale  that,  in  his 
judgment,  would  settle  the  problem  of  its 
fitness  for  bank  work. 

Accordingly,  the  "  Deep  Shaft  claims," 
at  this  place,  owned  by  the  "  Dutch  Flat 
Water  Co.,"  were  selected  for  the  trial. 
These  claims  have  been  worked  with  black 
powder  for  a  number  of  years,  with  vary- 
ing results;  are  made  up  of  blue  and  red 
cement-gravel,  abounding  in  boulders  with 
average  bight  of  bank  about  one  hundred 
feet.  A  black  powder  blast  was  already  on 
the  tapis  in  these  claims,  tunnels  and 
chambers  having  been  completed,  and  four 
hundred  kegs  of  black  powder  brought  on 
the  ground  for  the  purpose  of  charging 
when,  by  agreement,  the  felack  powder  was 
withdrawn,  and  twenty-five  hundred 
pounds  of  giant  powder  No.  2  substituted, 
placed  in  the  same  chambers  designed  for 
the  black  powder  without  any  change  in 
their  construction  whatever.  The  charge 
was  then  "  tamped  tight,"  and  exploded 
by  a  friction  battery  under  the  manage- 
ment of  E.  L.  McClure.  Fifteen  turns  for- 
ward and  a  half  turn  backward  of  the  bat- 
tery crank,  and  the  Deep  Shaft  bank,  for 
the  distance  of  one  hundred  feet  back  of 
the  powder  line,  arose  about  fifteen  feet  in 
air,  then  settled  back  in  undulating  waves 
like  the  waves  of  the  ocean,  grinding  and 
pulverizing  the  obstinate  mass  to  ashes. 
The  adjacent  hills  were  lined  with  specta- 
tors who  pronounced  it  the  most  successful 
shot  ever  fired  in  Placer  County,  The  en- 
tire business  portion  of  Dutch  Flat  was 
violently  shaken  by  the  explosion,  and  the 
scenes  -of  women  and  children  fleeing  forth 
from  their  homes  in  the  immediate  vicinity 


of  the  blast,  reminded  the  looker-on  of 
families  fleeing  from  the  wrath  of  Vesuvius. 

By  actual  survey  of  the  blasted  ground, 
by  E.  C.  Uren,  County  Surveyor,  it  is 
clearly  demonstrated  that  the  blast  lifted 
and  pulverized  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
two  thousand  cubic  yards  of  earth,  or,  in 
mining  parlance,  "  knocked  over  two  hun- 
dred feet  square  of  the  Deep  Shaft  claims 
into  an  ash  heap."  Certainly,  this  splendid 
result  is  worthy  of  being  chronicled,  and 
must  possess  great  interest  for  my  brother 
miners  at  large.  It  also  claims  importance 
from  being  the  first  bank  blast  of  No.  2 
giant  powder  exploded  on  this  Coast. 

Allow  me  to  publically  congratulate 
Messrs.  Bandman,  Nielsen  &  Co.,  and 
through  them  the  Giant  Powder  Company, 
on  the  grand  result  of  their  initial  shot, 
and  to  predict  the  rapid  use  of  their  pow- 
der in  bank  blasting  throughout  the  mines. 
Let  me  add  that  the  placing  of  the  powder 
and  tamping  of  drifts  and  chambers  were 
under  the  supervision  of  O.  W.  White, 
traveling  agent  of  the  Giant  Powder  Co., 
to  whose  skillful  and  indefatigable  personal 
exertions  much  of  the  credit  of  success  is 
due.  H.  C.  Kelsey. 

Dutch  Flat,  May  30,  1872. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco  :" 

Phelps  Cons.  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— May  23.  Lo- 
cation :  Devil's  Gate  Dist.,  Lyon  County,  Nev. 
Capital  stock,  $3,500,000,  in  35,000  shares. 
Trustees — J.  L.  Schmidt,  L.  E.  Goodman,  The- 
odore Phelps,  J.  P.  Jones,  Wm.  McLaughlin. 
Lander  Cons.  M.  Co. — May  24.  Location. 
Lander  County.  Nev.  Capital  stock,  §5,000,000, 
in  50,000  shares.  Trustees— C.  B.  Land,  D.  J. 
Staples,  C.  H.  Bumrell,  Paul  Moroney,  S.  B. 
Boswell  and  Richard    Chenery. 

Lady  Eastern  Tunnel  &  M.  Co. — May  24  : 
Location  :  Salt  Lake  county,  Utah  Territory. 
Capital  stock,  $1,000,000,  in  40,000  shares. 
Trustees — Charles  J.  Collins,  Henry  C.  Kibbe, 
Nelson  A.  Handy,  W.  S.  Wayman,  George 
Emery,  John  Esten  and  Charles  S.  Healy. 

Brandon  M.  Co. — May  25.  Location:  El 
Dorado  county.  Capital  stock,  $1,200,000,  in 
24,000  shares.  Trustees— John  F.  Pope,  A.  D. 
Carpenter,  A.  Peck,  Z.  B.  Brandon  and  Isaac 
Tabor. 

Southern  Gold  Hill  M.  Co. — Filed  an 
amended  certicate  May  25.  Location,  Storey 
Co.,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,400,000  in  24- 
000  shares.  Trustees — Bobt.  Harrison,  James 
Anderson  and  B.  B.  Minor. 

South  JusncE  M.  Co. — May  27.  Location: 
Gold  Hill  M.  District,  Storey  county,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  $2,500,000,  in  25,000  shares. 
Trustees — George  D.  Roberts,  S.  W.  Lee,  H. 
H.  Flagg,  A.  E.  Head  and  Henry  Baker. 

KearsargeM.  and  M.  Co. — May  27.  Loca- 
tion: Inyo  county.  Capital  stock,  $2,500,000, 
in  $50,000  shares.  Trustees — Edward  Martin, 
Jos.  Frank,  C.  H.  Von  Gorder,  M.  Rosenbaum 
and  Peter  Donahue. 

Table  Mountain  Blue  Gravel  Co. — May  27. 
Location:  State  of  California.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  W. 
Roberts,  J.  W.  Gashwiler,  W.  B.  Bourne,  B. 
Marks  and  Joel  F.  Lightner. 

La  Paz  Tunnel  S.  M.  Co.— May  29.  Loca- 
tion :  Ely  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— Mc- 
Hiller,  Chas.  Hosmer,  Henry  Baker  and  J.  B. 
Richmond. 

Segregated  Caledonia  M.  Co. — May  29. 
Location  :  Storey  county  Nevada.  Capital 
stock,  $1,000,000,  in  10,000  shares.  Trustees- 
Lafayette  Maynard,  John  H.  Baird,  Alex. 
Forbes,  Wm.  H.  Bremer  and  Thomas  Stewart. 
Lewiston  G.  and  S.  M.  Co. — May  29.  Loca- 
tion: Devil's  Gate  M.  District,  Lvon  county, 
Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $2,500,000,  in  25,000 
shares.  Trustees— J.  P.Jones,  J.  L.  Schmitt, 
L.  K.  Goodman,  Theo.  Phelps  and  Wm.  Mc- 
Laughlin. 

Pacific  Tunnel M.  Co. — May  29.  Location: 
Ely  M.  District,  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,- 
000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— Charles 
A.  Washburn,  J.  Babcock,  W.  S.  Whitney,  C. 
P.  Hall  and  S.  A.  Raymond. 

Meetings  and  Elections. 

The  Bowers  M.  Co. have  elected  the  following 
Trustees:  Chas.  Jones  (President),  Richard 
Ivors,  C.  B.  Land,  A.  Finchaker  and  L.  B. 
Franke.  W.  H.  Watson  was  elected  Sec- 
retary. 

The  Louisa  M.  Co.  have  elected  as  Trustees, 
J.  A.  Pritchard  (President),  Watson  Webb, 
A.  D.  Hatch,  H.Baker  and  S.  A.  Raymond. 
W.  H.  Watson  was  elected  Secretary. 

The  Silver  Hill,M.  Co.  have  elected  as  Trus- 
tees, A.  K.  P.  Harmon,  Jas.  C.  Flood,  C.  B. 
Land,  Joseph  Holland  and  W.  S.  Hobart.  W. 
E.  Dean  was  elected  Secretary. 

The  Belcher  M.  Co.  met  on  the  24th  instant 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  into  consideration  a 
proposition  to  increase  the  capital  stock.  There 
were  10,280  shares  represented,  the  total  num- 
ber being  10,400.  It  was  found  that  there  was 
an  error  in  the  advertisement  calling  the  meet- 
ing, by  naming  Monday,  May  24,  instead  of 
Friday,  May  24.  The  date  was  right  but  the 
day  of  the  week  was,  of  course,  wrong.  To 
obviate  any  legal  complications  which  might 
arise,  it  was  resolved  to  readvertise  the  meeting 


for  June  25,  when  action  will  be  taken  on  the 
question. 

The  Trustees  elected  at  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  North  San  Francisco  Homestead  and 
Railroad  Association  were  Hugh  WhitteU,  F.  S. 
Spring,  James  T.  Boyd,  N.  B.  Stone  and  J.  G. 
Klumpe. 

The  Daney  'M.  Co.  have  elected  Geo.  R. 
Spinney,  Secretary,  and  the  office  has  been  re- 
moved to  320  California  street. 


Yield  of  Comstock  Mines. 

The  Virginia  Enterprise  gives  the  following 
quarterly  statement,  showing  the  yield  of  the 
mines  along  the  Comstock  for  the  quarter  end- 
ing March  31.  It  shows  quite  a  small  number 
of  mines  worthy  of  mention  as  paying  insti- 
tutions : 


Midas  (now  Cook  &  Geyer) 

>■ 
S 
K 
O 

O 

1 

20.G99 
19,121 
6,517 
3,538 
8,163 

12,764 

5,076 
2,466 

sffs? 
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$52.29 

21.46 

16.77 
1 4.8-1 
11  12 
17  6' 
89 
6  20 
22.76 

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H.  Bahlen  &  Bno.,  formerly  of  Havilah,  Kern  county, 
will  please  communicate  with  this  office. 


THE  NEW  U.  S.  MINING  LAWS. 

The  new  Laws  of  1872,  governing  the  location  and 
purchase  of  Placer  and  Quartz  Mines,  and  Agricultural 
Lauds  in  Mining  Districts,  of  the  U.  S.,  printed  in  cir- 
cular sheet,  for  sale  at  this  office.  Single  copies  10  cts. 
Usual  discount  to  the  trade. 


MoNiron,  Alpine  County,  Cal.,  1 
May  27,  1872.  | 
Messrs.  "Dewey  &  Co.,  San  Francisco — Gentlemen  :-- 
Your  favor  of  24th  inst.  is  at  hand  with  Patent  for  Ore 
Washer  and  Amalgamator.  Please  accept  my  hest 
thanks  for  the  very  prompt  and  business-like  manner 
in  which  you  have  conducted  this  matter. 

Yours  truly,  "W.  T.  Pickabd. 

Important    to    Miner*. 

FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  address 
WATERS  &  OO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 

16v24-3m 

Puechasers  please  Bay  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


SHEET    IKON    PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM" 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeiog  a  perfect 
working  pipe  'with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  WheelB  "bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  lutes. 

8=y  AH  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


C.  J.  COLLINS, 
HATTER, 

No.  321  Montgomery  street,  near  California  street, 
under  I.  O.  O.F.Hall. 


Masonic,  Army  and  Navy  Goods  a  Specialty. 

22v24-3m 


ALL    KINDS    OF 

Office    Desks    and    Book    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  hy 
JOHNSON   &   BEST, 
No.  311  Pine  street,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bank;, 


!Sv24-6m 


San  Francisco. 


June  I,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


349 


Milling  and  Other  Companies. 


Otein-f  lo  (A*  ttm4  ntet—ory  to  mail  At  prt^nt  larg*  «JMm  0/  (A* 
&U*Hji>  Pre**  itiarniMi&tdUt  gotopre**  on  Thur-lfj  rrn*. 
in,/— vhi-h  U  tkt  t*ry  UiUj*  hour  w«  «i«  r«crit«  adrrrtUtmtnU. 


Alleghany  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 

i,Li,,    -Location of  worlu    Lllsg]  I  ranty.  CU. 

I  uenbf  k'iv.-n.  that  .11  a  mMlflll  "I   Uit>  Board  of 
!      ,  ...    held  on   the  Jbth  day   of  April. 

q(  of  twenty  oenu  per  than 

u "'•'  capital   Htock  of   imiiJ  company.   parabl 

1  utry,  at  hia 

,  \.«  MerohantVKxoluu]  ireet.    Anj 

■took  on  whl<  ■  1    "''I  rsmaln  unpaid  ontba 

Kurd  day  of  Jane,  Uffit  "null  b«  de«m«d  Ji'lin'taent.  and 
will  l.o  duly  advertised  lor  »al. .  at  public  nudum,  and 
ui)!>'«  payment  snail  be  mad"   1     ' 

day.  the  2»th  day  of  Jun-  ,  L0IS.  t"  pay  Uu  delinquent 
inmnmrni  •  ir-  ih- r-  ■■'■  ooaU  ofadvertwiDg and  expeo  m 
of  Mil.-.     By  order  of  lb-  Board  of  Tru»t*e8, 

.1.  \i.   ill  i'  PIWGTON.  Secretary. 
rohanU'  Bxohanxe. 
■  mil  It 

Eagle   Quicksilver  Mining  Company— Lo- 

caiiun  oi  w.rk".  Bute  Barbara  *  looritj .  <  bllfoinl  -. 

\.i 1     Inri'li)   BITSD   ibatata  inr.'tiuu  ot   tin-   Hoard  ol 

.v.    hold    mi    tin*   Mb    day    of  May, 

at  mi  Mtf  per  share   ».i-  levied   upon  thy 

i.i'      'i  ''"tnpaDy.  payable  immediately  In  gold  ooln 

ui  the  United  States,  to  toe  Secretary  athlooffioe,  1 d 

ft,  No.  XttMontgoni  1 1]  1      ■  ■         California. 

Any  nhurr'4  upon  11  blob  -ml  assessment  shall  remain  «n- 
polu,  on  Thursday,  JoJy  Utb,  1872,  iball  ba  doomed  delln 
ananb,  juii  arUJ  bo  dnij  advertised  on  Saturday,  July  13th, 

ls7i,  for  •nli.<  at  tjublk'uuction,  and  unless  payment  shall  bo 

msdt  before,  n  1(1  be  sold  on  Monday,  thu  Iron  day  of  duly, 

IrfiJ,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assciwnieiit.  together  With  BOSU 
of  advertiiiiniaud  i'.\i»'ii!fes  oi  gale.  By  ord«r  of  the  Board 
of  iraotoos.  Wm.  u.  \\  CTSON,  Sooretary. 

Office—  itoomd.  No.  30-2  Montgomery  gtreoi.San  Franoia- 
co  California.  uia.ll. 

Lyons  &  Wheeler   Mining  Company— Lo- 

cat >f    works.   Maynsrd    Mining    District,    Mohave 

1  'i.univ,  Art tons  Territory>  ,         „      ,    , 

\,,r,, ,    1  .  tierebj  grfvi  a,  thai  al  R  meeting  ol  the  Board  of 

Trustees  ol  said  0 panyjbeldoD  the  I8tb  day  ol  Maj ,  1872, 

.    ron  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 

capital  stool  ol  "aid  Company,  payable  Immediateh    in 

I'm  led    States   com,  to   the    Secretary,  at  thn  oflloe  Ol   the 

eompanj .  Koom  I,  ho,  IID  California  street,  San  1  rancii  00. 
1  Any  stock  upon  wnioh  said  assessment  r-hull 
remain  unpaid  on  Uonday,  the  Mtn  day  ol  Jane,  Ltfte, 
■  hull  be  doomed  delinquent,  and  will  be  daly  advertised  for 
sale  ai   public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 

before,  will  be  Bold  on  Monday,  tin-  l.'tlb  day  of  July,  1872, to 

pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  oosta  ol 

advertising  and  expenses  Of   SOle.      Bj  order  Ol   the  Board  of 

Trustees.  T.  W.  UOLBUBN,  Sooretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  Ill)  California  street,  Sun  Francisco, 
California  mySo-td 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works.  Auburn  District,  Placer    county,  Statu  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given .  thai  atn  meeting  of  the  Trustees 
of  said  company,  held  on  tlioNib  day  of  May,  IMT'J,  an  uphchs- 
mentof  20  1  ante  i"  t  Ib&re  was  levied  upon  the  capital  -took 
of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  United  States 
gold  nnd  »ilv«r  coin  to  the  Secretary  ot  the  couipuny.at  the 
office  of  the  company.  No.  320  California  street,  room  No. 

5,  San  i'raucinco.  California. 

Any  stock  upon  wbicb  said  assessment  »hall  remain  un- 
paid on  Monday,  the  HM.h  tlay  of  June.  1872,  shall  bo  doom- 
ed delinquent,  ami  "ill  bo  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  p'lyinenl  shall  be  made  before,  will 
be  sold  on  Monday  the  first  day  ot  duly.  In7'2,  to  pay  the  de- 
iinquint  assessment,  togother  with  cost  of  advertising  and 
expenseaof  the  sale.  GEO.  B.  SPINNEY,  Secretary. 
itiall-U  No. 320  California  St  ,  San  Krancisco,  Cal. 


THE  GARDNER   IllTOMATIC^  SAFETY-STOP   GOVERNOR. 

These  Governors  have  now  bc«'U  sold  in  Ibis  market  for  Rrveral  year*,  and  uatrodw  od  and  made 

knowu.  ar».-  invariably  wmght  nfti-r.     Tin  y  an  111  tin   l'.o-t.  m  Statl  B  fast  displacing  all  other  8te* \> ■  more,  and 

an.-  regarded  ufl  They  an  majjnfactnnd  bj  Ueavn  Gorchur  &  Bobertsuiii  practlooJ  engineers. 

who  dato  grten  many  yi    ■  -  Ivety  to  their  manufactiin  and  perfection.    The  uiHuufacturvni  say:  After 

an  expi  rtanoe  of  oloTen  yuars  in  the  manufactaro  ol  the  above  tiovemor,  daring  vnlch  time  BBvaral  Important  Im- 
■     .  have    t~  >  u   made  and  two  ^.  adapted    t>i   their  1  nan  u  fact  are.     Tin 

additional  patents  obtained,  we  tee]  f  4  valve  1-  most  ntsreoTLi  ualanced, 

ju-tm-d  i»   rooommendtttg  it   to  all  cm  and  the  Oorenior is  bniU  with  a  view 

parties asing  Btaam  power,  and  war-  c^a  of  BecuriDg  the  quickest  ami  most  ctu- 

rantiug  It  to  he  US  most  perfect  regu-  "*  BOtlon    possibly  attainable  in  o 

lafeor  in  the  market.  Cyw^^-  >  st-nm  regulator.    Thus  with  accurate 

The   Gardner  Governor  is  so  well  ^ /j^l^maT^aV.^  machinery,  and    skilled  labor,  and  do. 

known  thut  we  think  it  unnecessary  to  x*     W    jfl        jr^fc  voting  our  whole  attention  to  the 

•  ot'.  rin to  a  detailed  explanation  of  the  £        J      lit        M  maiiiifaeturt'  of  Tills  oke   am  10  1     Wfl 

prtnclplea  Involved,  or  details  in  its             ^l*J?  i     1    \jk  nr''  '■^,l*' tu  produce  a  perfect  andrella- 

construciioii,  merely  gtvh                               *+*r  ^■■'w  hie  Governor  at  slow  pries. 

Ingobjoeta  raallxedb]  this  Lmportanl  t  ~^  WedonotpubliahanyletterBof  roo- 

InvenUon.     The  Governor  combines  ^^--^  /— -4B|  ommandationa,  but  can  give  referenosa 

I'.iih    tic    greatest    simplicity   of  con-       /"-f^  <#  /£r^*6sa\      ■?■»  to  upwards  of  r>,(ji»u  i-ahtikh  Tininriiii - 

ftrtutioii.aeeiiruteri'gu  hit  ion  of.  spe,  d,     j   --■■  wJaVjjL*iKu^P^k  y4aW.  "rT  THK  ^'niteh  States,  who  an'  using 

I'l'NlTtVl:    INSI   IIA.M  'I    AUMNSTM.I.  At  <   I       ^t^aMgfffY      W*   ~         W I  ll)'   I  ilird  IOT    <  I  m\  .  II  |.  >|- 

moil  BJ  n  i  im;     d3Tj77]b»  L  i^fjlm0*    Mf^       W(-  would  especially  invite  lheatt"n. 

mk  l'AiniM.  mi.  tit>\  i.iiS'iiMiii  iu;i\is-:      ^Es/JW      «j|        |!|w^aiBW'  tiun  of   steam  Kuglno  Builders  t<>    tln^ 

iiklts.  ami  a  oonvenient arrangument  ^fiaaaaTllSr  Governor,  feeling  assured  that   they 

(nr    U'Umini;    Tin.   m'i.ihhi    rin,  i  n  £Z*XSt^mcx  can    purchase    i..r   less   than   they  can 

oiki  wmi  in  M"i  ion.  without  change  C»^ '. '  \Z&j.  make  an  inferior  art  tele,  and  thereby 

ofpnlliea.  J^^MS1*  ^\  increaBo  tho  vulue  und  sales  of  their 

The  construction  of  the  Governor  is  Ar^  :      ^HK\  Eugiins. 

extremely  simple,  having  do  sprlngB,  r           ^^■-1    I  "°  reBpectfolly  refer  to  the  follow- 

Lnflide   joints,  swivels,  or    parts  liable  E#  in  g  parties   using   the   Gaiipskii  Gov- 

todiHurrungcUifaut,iill  the  several  parts  jjK;  ey  i  u'-'  -ii.  andean  speak  unuiTHtaiidingly 

arednplloatesofeaehotherintheBamfl  ^ccaa?y^/  of  its  merits:    Oakland  Cotton  Mills, 

series;  the  most  skillful  workmen  arc  the    Selby  Lead  and  Silver  Smelting 

employedftbe.  best  material  used  and  V^j-  ■   \\jjigf&  Works,  L,  k  E.  Emuuuel,  Vulcan  Iron 

the    machinery    employed    especially  Works,  Fulton  Foundry,  LevisouBroH., 

Cal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory.  D.  A.  McDonald  k  Co.,  ami  others  iu  San  Francisco;  Ophlr  Co.,  Lady 
Bryan,  and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  Virginia,  Nov.;  Globo  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  F. 
I'liiuy,  'Albany,  Oregon,  and  many  others. 

flc7"\VE  WAItRANT  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  clrcvunstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  ono  thousand  miles  of  San  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  be  returned  to  us 
ut  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  in  the  country,  or  refund  its  prico. 

{^T-When  ordering  please  state  whether  Throtilk- Valve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Fenibhed 
Governor  is  desired.  *#*TnE  hate  of  speed  foe  Goveunok  is  fully  stamteo  on  the  hevolvtng  head  of  eveby 
GuvERNoit,     Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Ajronts    for    T'aelflo    States,    San    Francisco. 

B^-Al  Trertilwell  &  Co.'s(latc  BERRY  &  PLACE'SJMneliinery  nnd  Supply  Depot  may  bo  found  in  stock  the  above 
Governors,  tOBetlior  with  idJ  sizes  ot  HOADLEY'S  PUKTA1SLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS.  STURTE- 
VANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS.  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DREYFUS'S  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS,  Etc. 
Also  a  heavy  stock  of  HARDWARE  AND  MINING  TOOLS.  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BODLER  FELT 
(saves  25  per  cent,  of  fuel),  SELF  OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER,  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kinds),  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millmen's  (iudingB.       7v24-tf 


MILL      STONE.S. 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company — 

Location  of  works,  Piermont  Mining  District,  White 

Pine  County,  Nevada. 

Notice,— 1  here  are  delinquent  upon  tho  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  {No.  3)  levied 
on  the  lUth  day  of  April,  1872.  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Briggfl,  Charles  A 15  ■  588JS  $233.33 

Britf-s,  Charles  A 17  IU  4-1.40 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 21  1U00  400.00 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 23  1000  400.00 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 41  381  152.10 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  16th  day  of  April,  1872, 
so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  ut  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  on  the  lfttb  day  of  June,  1873,  at  the  hour 
of  2  o'clock  p.m. of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  ol  sale.  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary 

Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.     m25 


Portable  Mills,  Eureka  Smut  Machines 
Bran  Dusters,  Dufour  &  Co.'s  Celebrated  Dutch  Anchor 
Bolting  Cloths,  and  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

TRAVIS    &    WAGNER, 

18v24-3m  41  First  street,  Snn  Francisco. 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company— -Location 

of  works,  White  Pino  Mining  District,  White  Pine 
county,  Nevada. 

Notice: — There  are  delinquent  upon  tho  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment,  No.  8.  levied 
on  the  loth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1872,  the  several 
amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders as  follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificates.    No.  Shares.        Am't. 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee 352  2<-0  $100  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee. . .  .376  10  G  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee 490  50  25  00 

Breed,  H  L,  Trustee 394  20  10  00 

Cope,  Geo  W,  Trustee 508  100  50  00 

Crocker,  J  H,  Trustee 492  100  50  00 

Crocker,  J  H,  Trustee 493  50  25  00 

Holmes,  HJ 511  447  223  50 

Loveland,  LP,  Trustee.  .217  50  25  00 

Pomeroy,  E  B, 474  200  100  00 

RichardBOn,EA,Truslee..429  100  50  00 

Richardson,  E A,  Trustee. .431)  100  50  00 

Richardson, EA, Trustee. .471  100  50  00 

Richardson,  E  A,  Trustee..450  150  75  00 

Richardson  EA, Trustee. .480  80  40  00 

Richardson, EA,Trustee..496  50  25  00 

White,  JasT, 399  12  G  00 

Woods,  F  H,  Trustee 375  22  11  00 

Woods,  FU.  Trustee 434  10  5  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  Bold  at  public  auction,  at  the  ofneoof 
said  Company,  on  Thursday,  the  13th  day  of  June,  A.  D. 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 
Office,  418  California  St.,  Room  102,  San  Francisco, 
California. mal8-4t. 

Silver  Sprout  Mining  Company—Location 

of  works    and    mine,  Kearsarge  District,  Inyo  County, 
State  of  California.  ,  „    ,     „        ,    ,. 

Notice  ishereby  given,  that  at  a  mcehnpr  of  the  Boardof 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  tho  29th  day  of  April, 
1872,  an  assessment  ot  ili'ty  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  snid  Company,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  pold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of 
the  Company,  Room  No.  1,  second  floor,  31rl  California  St., 
S.  F..  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain 
unpaid  on  the  first  day  of  .Tune,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  he  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment,  shall  be  mado  before,  will  he  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  22d  day  of  J  une.  1»72.  to  pay  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertisingand  expen- 
ses of  sale.  By  order  of  tho  Board  of  Trustees. 
raa4-4t  T.  B.  WINGARD,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  No.  1,  second  floor,  No.  318  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 


LEA    &    PERRINS' 

CELEBRATED 

Worcestershire    Sauce, 

Declared  by  Connois- 
seurs to  be  the  only  good 
0  Sauce     The  success  of 
>    this  most  delicious  and 
9    unrivalled     Condiment 
o    having  caused    certain 
v-    dealers    to    apply    the 
£    name  of  "Worcestershire  Sauce"  to  their 
£    own  inferior  compounds,  the  public  is 
hereby  informed  that  tho  only  wuy  to 
secure  the  genuine  is  to  ask  for  Lea  & 
Pertuns'    Sauce,   and    see    that    their 
names    aro    upon    the  wrapper,  labels, 
stopper  and  bottle. 

Some  of  the  foreign  markets  having 
been  supplied  with  a  Bpurious  Worcester- 
shire sauce,  upon  the  wrapper  and  labels 
of  which  the  names  of  Lea  and  Perrins  have  been 
forced  L.  and  F-  give  notice  that  they  have  furnished 
their  correspondents  with  power  of  attorney  to  take  in- 
stant proceedings  against  manufacturers  and  vendors  of 
such,  or  any  other  imitations  by  which  their  right  may 
be  infringed. 

Ask  for  LEA  k  PERRINS' Sauce,  and  see  name  on 
wrapper,  label,  bottle  and  stopper. 

Wholesale  and  for  export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worces- 
ter; Crosse  k  Blackwell,  London,  &c,  fee.,  and  by 
Grocers  and  Oilmen  universally. 16v24-row-tf 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse7 

—  AND  — 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre),  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugateo 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nob.  1 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nob.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle.  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  i£  ib. 
canisterB. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  H 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal.,  by  the  L.  S.  k  P,  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  mado  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's Improved)  und  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  largo  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hund,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  RifieB— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  tho  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  ArmH. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  BT),  manufactured  by  tb 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  fo:'  sale  by 

JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 
5v24-6m-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mining  Com- 
pany,— Location  of  Works,  Little  Cottonwood  Mini  ng 
District,  Ftah  Territory. 

—There  are  delinquent  upon   tho    following 

deBorfbed  stock,  on  icoonntof  Baoefisment(Ko,  1)  levied 

-iu  the  13th  day  of  April.  1872.  the  several  amounts  set 

It.    names  of    the   respective  shareholders  as 

follows; 

Nunefl  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Brornmer  Dlederloh 48  ;umn>  5760  00 

Moroney,  Paul B  3000  7.M 

Retioker.  ChaH 8  3000  760  00 

Seaman,  LaFayette 7  3000  7B0  00 

Selby,  T.  H 4  3000  750  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  a  suppleruentary 
order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  30th  day  of 
April,  187'2,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  snid  stoek 
as  may  be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at 
tho  office  of  said  company,  on  th«  10th  day  of  June, 
1»7'2,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said  day,  to  piy 
said  delinquent  assessment  theroon  together  with  costs 
ol  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARE,  Sccretcry. 

Office,  118  California  street,  San  Francisco. 


Stockholders  Notice— Office  of  the  Tecum- 

Mb  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Mining  I  tompany.  >>an  Fran- 
cisco, May  tiili,  1872. 

In  accordance   with  a  Resulutinn  adopted  at  a  nicotine  of 
the  TrtuHeea  of  the  Teoomseb   Gold,  Silver  and  Copper 
Mining  Company,  lield  this  day.   a   special  meetinc  of  the 
Stockholders  of  said   Company   ishereby  called,   the  same. 
U>bo  heldatE.  Mnwriseii'!*  Hall.  S.  W.  cor.  of  Kearny  and 
Clay  Sts.,  apposi  e  the  Phi/a,  San  Francisco,  ( 'al.,  on  Wed- 
nesday, the  12lh  day  of  June  A,   D.  1872, at 2 o'clock  p.  m.. 
to  take  into  consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition 
to  increa-e  thu  capital  stock  of  said    Company  from  one 
hundred   fifty-three  thousand  and   five    hundred    dollars, 
divided  Into  six  hundred  and   fourteen  shares  of  two  Hun- 
dred fifty    dollars   eacli.   the   present  capital  of    the  Com- 
pany, to  three  millions  of  dollars,  to  be  divided  into  thirty 
thousand  shares  of  ore-'liumlri'd  dollars  each. 
.1.  Hi.  HKLMKKX, 
J.  F.G.  EGG  EBB, 
JACOBHAHN. 
F.  SCHUMAUHER. 


Stockholders  Meeting.— Office  of  the  Sil- 
ver Sprout  Mining  Company,  No.  31s California  street,  San 
Francisco.  May  23.  1872. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  tho  annual  meeting  of  tho 
stockholders  in  the  above  mimed  company  will  be  held  at 
their  office.  No.  316  California  street.  (Room  No.  1,  Hecond 
floor,)  San  Francisco,  on  Tuesday,  the  'J5th  duy  of  June, 
1872.  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock  p.  m. 
mny25-4t  T.  B.  WINGARD,  Secretary. 


frV^T   BRYANT  &  STRATT0N  JTffS'C 

BUSINESS  COLLEGE^ 

SANJ^NCisc'fl! 

IS  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  SCHOOL  OF  THE 
Pacific.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  instruction  is  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  had  at  the  College 
Office,  24  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heald's  Col- 
lege Jo  cbn  ai>. 

Address  E.  P.  HEALD, 

PresHent  Business  College,  San  FranciBco. 

3v3-eowbp 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.  314,   CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

SAN  FEANCISOO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINI1VO, 

A.V.&    BX, A. STING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUFEKIOE  QUALITY,  FKESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  tho  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  dayB  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  Buperior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three     Gold    Medals 

By  tho  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for  the   superiority   of   our 
products  over  all  others. 
Wo  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  explosive 
how  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blastin 
powDEn,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
der can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 


Union   Gold   Mining   Company. —Location 

of  works,  Howland  Flat,  Sierra  county.  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  5)  levied 
on  the  11th  day  of  April,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  shares.    Amount. 

Mahoney,  Denis 46  100  $100.00 

Mahoney.  Denis 47  50  60.00 

Mahoney,  Denis 62  75  75.00 

Mahoney,  Denis 63  100  100.00 

Austin. A.C 65  15  15.00 

Hale,  William  F 129  60  60.00 

And  in  accordance  with  law.  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  11th  day  of  April, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the 
office  of  the  Company,  Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Ex- 
change Building,  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cali- 
fornia, on  Monday  the  ad  day  of  Juno,  1872,  at  the  hour 
of  1  o'clock,  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale. 

ALFRED  K.  DURBROW  Secretary. 
Office— Room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building, 
California  street,  San  Francisco,  California.         myl8-yt 


Washington    Mining   Company—Location 

of  works  and  mines,  Mariposa  County,  State  of  Cal. 

Noi  ice  is  herchy  piveii,  that  at.  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  tho  8th  day  of  May, 
1872,  an  assessment  of  S3  per  share  was  levied  up  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  said  comnany.  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of 
tho  company,  No.  J18  California  street.  Sau  Francisco. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  llth  day  of  June.  1872,  .shall  be  deomed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  29th  day  of  June,  187'-',  to  pay  the  delin- 
quent assessment,  tocetlipr  with  costs  of  noVer Using  and 
exin'iiHea  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Rmtrd  of  Trustees, 

T.B.  WINGARD.  Secretary. 

Office— Room  No.  1,  second  floor  of  No.  318  California 
street,  San  Francisco.  ma.11-4 

Woodland    Gold    Mining    Company— Lo- 

cation  of  works,  West  Point  Mining  District,  Calavpras 

Oouuty,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trust ees,of  said  company,  held  on  the  21st  day  of  May,  87'2, 
an  asseesment  of  12}^  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  [secretary,  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  Room  64,  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any  stock  upon  which 
said  assessment  >hall  remain  unpaid  on  the  25th  day  of 
June,  1872,  shall  bo  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly 
advertised  for  sale  at  pntilic  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  llith  day 
of  July,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees.  F.  MADGE,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  fil  Merchants'  Exchange,  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  California.  may25-td 


Btto  *r  Mining  Tools 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBINE  WATER  WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-saving  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stock  of  En- 
gineers', Miners',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 
Mill  Supplies. 

TEEADWELL    &    CO., 
At.  the      \      Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Ste., 
Old  Stand,  J  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

12v24-eow 


UBCHABEBB  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


THE    FREAR    STONE    COMPANY 

OF  CALIFORNIA- 
Office,    638    Market    Street. 

OFFICERS: 
James  Gamble.  I       L.  A.  Booth, 

President.  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE: 
N.W.  Sfaulding,  Geokge  G.   Potter,  N.  P.  Peb.ine. 

This  Company  will  contract  to  furnish  or  put  up  the 
heaviest,  strongest  and  most  elaborate  and  elegant  Fire- 
proof Stone  Fronts,  of  any  deBign,  and  every  style  of 
Plain  and  Ornamental  Door  and  Window  Caps,  Key- 
stones, Sills,  Water  Tables,  Coping  Ashlars,  Plain  and 
Ornamental  Stme  Work  of  every  description.  Fire- 
proof Buildings  and  Bank  Vaults,  Cemetery  Work,  Curb- 
ing Stones,  Fountains,  etc.,  all  at  prices  far  below  native 
cut  stone,  and  equal,  iu  all  respects,  as  to  strength  and 
durability. 

Architects  and  Builders,  before  letting  their  contracts 
for  Stone  Work,  are  requested  to  call  at  the  office  of  this 
Company,  and  examine  certificates,  specimens  and  pho- 
tographs of  buildings  already  coDBtructed  of  Frear  Stone 
in  Chicago  and  other  Eastern  cities. 

For  further  information  apply  to  N.  P.  PERINE,  638 
Market  street,  [19v24-3m 


350 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  I,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABLISHED    X8S1. 

PACIFIC    IROtf    WORKS, 

First  and.  Fremont  streets, 
SAN  FRANCISCO 

IRA   P.   RANKIN,  A.  P.  BRAYTOV, 

OJCO.  W.  FO&O,  Superintendent. 

HteamEngiiies  and.  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONART, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 

Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
©rices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

Bs?"  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Spairs. 

N.  B,— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  GODDABD  &  CO. 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY   BLOWER 


amrtrFACTTraED  at  the 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANUFACT0RKR3    OF 

STUS-A-M   engines, 
Quartz,    ITlomr    and    Saw    MHlss 

flayei'  Improved  Steam  Pump,  Krodle's  Im- 
proved      Crasher,      Mining     JPamps, 
Amalgamator m,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery, 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco,  3-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111    Mission  Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

UTTABTZ    MAOEINEBY 
Printing    Presses. 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EYBRY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  it  HAWLEY.  &  CO.'S. 

AI^O,   MANUFACTURER   AND   SOLE   AGENT  FOR 

Praoy's    Celebrated    Governor, 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 

WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MAN0FAOTDRERS  OT 

STEAM  EWOXWES,  BOILEK8, 

GROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Wnnbar**  Patent  Self-A-dluitlne  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

front  Street,  between  N  and  O  streets* 

8*OR*t*ttNTO  Citt 

PACIFIC 

Helling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manuiacture  of 

RAILROAD   AND  OTHER   IRON 

-AND  — 

Every  "Variety  at  S»i  2 1  tilting, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES    f 

steamboat    Shafts,  OraakN,    Piston    and    Con> 

nectlna  Bods,  Car  and  Jjocoaiutlve  Axles 

and  Frames 

HAMMERED      IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

*S-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
3JMPANY  Post  office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,will  celve 
prompt  attention 

*i»-  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  &vl43m 


Por 

4v24t£ 


GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First    Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foun- 
dry, San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  K.  B.  Co.'e  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Hill,  Iron( 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho  r  s  e-ir  o  w  e  r  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    PUMPS. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

(HFEARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface   Condensers. 
DAVliTsTODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  ]?. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.  I.  CURRY  (late  Foreman  of  the  "Vulcan  Iron  "Works),  Proprietor. 
High  and  Low 


Pressure 
BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
SOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest   Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 
Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 
to. 


THE    EISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,1)00,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  or  JtSeale  and  Howard  Streets* 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  binds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Came  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors: 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Win.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  MCLA.NE     Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MfliAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 

OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  130  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &"BOLAND, 

IKON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 

Miners'    Foundry    and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Feanoisoo. 

Machinery  and  Casting's  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckarfc  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysvillo,  Jan.  8,  1S72. 

MARYSVILLE   FOUNDRY. 

Bof erring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  fur  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Q,uartz  and  Amalgamating-  Machinery, 

SAW  AND  G-BIST  MILLS, 

STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FEONTS,  ETC. 

Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.  Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing requiied  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 

6v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEXDEL  &  CO. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    <&    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 

Cor.    First   and    amission   Sts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Repairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 
For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  siza. 

Irrigating    Pumps.    Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.J. BOOTH.  GEO. W. PRESCOTT.  rBVTNGM. SCOTT 
4v24-3yslamr 


SAW    FltAJVCISOO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors,  , 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  KINDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship   or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
ETTREKA.      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 
San  Francisco. 

LIOHT  AND  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 
of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 

FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

BridgetOD,  N.   J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS   TOOLS 
a  specialty.  , 

Improved  3-Ib.  Can  Press  for  $65;   Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15.  etc.  13v21-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  125  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kind  3  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 

astings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 

ails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  ship  and  Steamboat  Bells  and 

iongsof  superior  tone.    All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 

'raulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 

tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 

j«-  PRICES  MODERATE.  -«» 

J.   H.  WEED"  V.  KING  WELL. 


THE    HIGHEST    PREmlUM 

Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  E  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  t  en  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rod-  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rin^s  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 

nership  heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Bandall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  BANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BTJET. 


June  i,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


351 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Narhlnei  Stand  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  anialgamatinK  ores,  thoy 
hive  no  equal.  No  effort  Iim  bwn.  or  will  b«  spared. 
to  Lave  them  count  meted  lu  the  uioit  perfect  maffllW 
ami  ol  the  great  number  now  in  oiK-ratlou,  not  onw  hat 
ever  re<iulred  repairu.  The  oanBttnt  and  iucivttsJuK  de- 
mand fur  theiu  iaaufflelelit  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  ao  u  to  apply  steam  dlreetij 

into  the  pulp,  or  with  oteam  bottoms,  a*  deulred. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows. 

The  pan  betSf  tiled    the  motion  0*  the  mullet   farCSi 

the  pulp  to  the  center,  -when  It  Is  drswa  down 
Uu  tpperture  and  between  th-    grinding    ■ 

ii  lHth-tiwn  to  the perl[  ■'■  licksilYer 

The  curved  piste*  :..'.u!i  draw  it  (••  the  eentl  r.  when'   it 

passsf  down,  aii'i  t..  the  cirewnfsrencc  »*<  before.    Thai 
lai  Bom  botwei  d  I  ■ 

In*  Bur(ae«-H  and  IstO  UM    <[iiuk>.ilv.  r.  until   the   ore    jy 
I  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  uiutal  amul- 

Betters  made  on  the  isamf  principle  excel  all  others 
The;  bring  the  pulp  so  oonsttntly  and  perfectly  in  con 
tact  with  «|ul.  knilver.  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
oompletelj  ebsorlx  d. 

Mill  ni'  i^p  invited  to  examine  thew)  pant*  und  Betlezi 
for  themselves,  »t  the  uffico,  939  Fremont  Street, 

Ban  Francisco. 


](oo^m^mw 


STEYtNSOVS  PATEXT    MOILD  BOARD    AMALGAMATIXU    PAX. 


This  Pun  is  far  superior  to  nil 
others  in  several  important  particu- 
lars. The  griuuiny  mullcrs  are  Dear 
the  center,  requiring  less  power. 
The  plow-shaped  grooves  raise  the 
quicksilver  with  the  pulp  regularly, 
wiili  less  power,  without  viukmc, 
uud  with  better  amalgamating  el" 
feet,  besides  admitting  of  a  lurgei 
charge.  The  im-liucil -.slipped  hous- 
ings of  tho  muller-plate  openings 
ctlicieutly  force  the  pulp  directly 
under  the  mullcrs. 


MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

.vaci  1  CHE8, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS. 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 

f.  I  ox  Kwj.K'Mi),  Car,  and  Agiu- 
,'       cm  i-i nui  BBOFS,  Etc..  Etc. 
—  **"        SjJ"  Superior  to  any  in  use 

J.   A.   FAY   &   CO., 

1  'im  inna'ii.  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAiNTER  &  CO., 

M  A  K  D  t'ACTUBKllB    OF 


WOOD-WORKING    MACHINERT, 

30(i:j  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Philadelphia  . 

ey  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v38-ly 


The   Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     USE! 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agonta, 
304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
t3T  Send  lor  Circular.  13v24-3m 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 
MACHIIVJST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Invontors.    All  liinds  of  Dice, 

Stamps  and  Pouches  made.    Also,  all  liinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  In  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       PJv23-3m 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
bOILER     MAKERS 

AND  GKNER Al.  MACHINISTS, 

Hownrd  st.  between  Fremont  and   Beale,  Ran  Francfwo. 


c-4.i>j>vrE;i-.ij's 


NELSON    &;  DOBLE, 

AGKNTS  JOB 

Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 
Sled  tee  ■,    Hnmmer*,    Stone    Ccttera*,    Black 

mult  hV  und  Home-Shoer**  Tools. 
13  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francis 
lOvUur 


It  has  been  constantly  running 
for  over  eight  months,  aud  has 
proved,  in  competition,  to  produce 
a  higher  percentage  of  bullion, 
with  less  power  aud  with  great 
saving  of  quicksilver,  over  any 
other  pan  iu  use.  It  is  simple  iu 
construction  and  operation,  and 
cheaper  in  first  cost  and  economy 
in  wear. 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
uu     U5  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v24-3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  now. 
REAPER  AND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  UARS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.     Orders  from  tho  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


Manufactured  at  the  Golden  State  Iron  Works  (Co-operative).  19  First  street,  S.  F. 

Where  it  can  be  examined  and  further  particulars  be  learned  ;  or  persons-  may  apply  to  the  inventor  and  pat- 
entee, Mr.  C.  C.  STEVENSON,  at  the  Douglas  Mine„GOLD  Hill,  State  of  Nevada,  where  the  Pans  have  lung 
been  in  constant  operation.  15v20-lmr,lamtf 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRAN  CISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v2i-3m 


BCY  BARBER'S   BIT  BRACE. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODG-ERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  nil  kinds  of  Ore",  and  particular  nllealtuv 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  QOOBS. 

4vl6-3m 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

I -I    lIoiitKemvry  SI.  up  slulro. 

Particular  attention  Riven  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  Prod.ud.te*  Mineral  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
oaJ  Instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 

LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  tho  TJ.  9.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metalliirg-ica? 
CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil    Commercial    Street, 
(Opposite  the  TJ.  8.  Branch  Mint-. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  7v21-3ds 


J.  W.   THXJItjMCArV, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  ORDERS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v24-lim 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    G18    IMLIFUKMA    STREET, 
One  Door  West  of  Montgomery 8am  Fbancisco. 

J.    A.    MARS,    Assayer. 

tiff"  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v2C 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 
SWANSEA. 

RiriiAiiDSON  tfc  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  years  established 
in  Swansea  as  Agents  for  the  preparation,  Sampling,  Assay- 
ing, and  Sale  or  Copper,  Silver,  Gold, Lead,  Zinc,  and  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  for  which  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  under  cover,  1,000  feet  of  ljuay  Front- 
age within  the  Filiating  Dock,  and  the  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
ailvauces  against  Ores  in  anticipation  ■  f  realization,  and  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  17v24-ly 


a.  w.  STRONG. 


W.  L. STRONG 


HENDY'S 
Improved     Lamont    Steam    Engine    Regulator, 

WITH    STOP    VALVE    ATTACHED. 

I*  ErtE^ECTnLY    BELIABIiB. 

Rapidly  Superceding  all    other 

GOVERNORS 

Wherever  introduced. 

"We    Invito    the    Attention    ol*   tlxosie 

INTERESTED    IN   OB   USING 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

TO     OUR 

IMPROVED   REGULATOR  AND  CUT-OFF. 

FOP.    EITHER 

Stationary  or  Portable 

ENGINES. 
An   Examination   Will 

BE      SUFFICIENT      TO      SATISFY     THE 

MOST     SKEPTICAL 

OF    ITS    UTILITY    AND 

SIMPLICITY, 

And  the  many  References  in  Our  Possession 

FROM    ENGINEERS    "WHO    ARE 

Using  them,  attest  their 

PRACTICAL    SU  PERI0RITY 

Over  all  others. 

We  refer  to  Union  IronWorks;  Pacific  Iron 
Works;  Fulton  Iron  Works;  M.  Taylor,  Grass 
Valley;  Phcenix  Quicksilver  Mining  Co.,  Napa 
Co.;  Samuel  MeCurdy,  Nevada  Co.,  and  others. 

JOSHUA    HENDY, 

Office  and  Works,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Hendy's  Ore  Concentrators  and  Circular  Saw  Mills*  4v2£-lam-tf 


C.  W.   STRONG   &   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 


We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  aud  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


i 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  KAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pi'^chased.  22vl8 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS    OF    AND    DEALERS     IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  Btreet,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

■We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  aud  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

— AND  — 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
tho  first  discovery  oi  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  OertlinRS,  London. 

A6suy  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons.  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances — Becker  k  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights—  GrainB  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  AsBay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Pcorifl- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Clips,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  'or  Sand)  CrucibleB. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers — 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware   a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS    AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Lithaiee. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manpanese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
bulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  ABsayerB  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
$&"  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 
Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO, 


352 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  i,  1872. 


Scientific  Press 


Our  TJ.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency  presents 
many  and  important  advantages  as  a  Home  Agency  over 
all  others  by  reasons  of  long  establishment,  great  expe- 
rience, thorough  system,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  subjects  of  inventions  in  our  own  community. 
All  worthy  inventions  patented  through  our  Agency  will 
have  the  benefit  of  an  illustration  or  a  description  in  the 
Scientific  Press.  We  transact  every  branch  of  Patent 
ousiness,  and  obtain  Patents  in  all  civilized  countries. 
The  large  majority  of  TJ.  S  and  Foreign  Patents  granted 
to  inventors  on  the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  obtained 
through  our  Agency.  We  can  give  the  beBt  and  most 
reliable  advice  as  to  the  patentability  of  new  inventions. 
Advice  and  CrRCULABS  free.  Our  prices  are  as  low  as 
any  first-class  agencies  in  the  Eastern  States,  while  our 
advantages  for  Pacific  Coait  inventors  are  far  superior. 

Engraving  on  Wood,  of  every  kind,  for  illustrating 
machinery,  buildings,  trade  circulars,  labels,  plain  or  in 
colors,  designed  and  cut  in  the  best  style  of  the  art  by 
experts  in  our  own  office.    Also,  engraving  on  metals. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 

Publishers,  Patent  Agents,  n  n  d  Engravers* 

Wo.  338  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Ca 


o:ne  dollar  a.  year 


—  FOR  THE  - 


PACIFIC    COAST 

This  is  a  new  16-page  monthly  newspaper,  of  special  in- 
formation for  wholesale  and  retail  tradesmen.  It  will  also 
contain  reading  of  interest  and  importance  to  all  business 
and  professional  men  on  the  coast. 

OUR  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 
Will  comprise  Full  Prices  Current  and  Monthly  Review  of 
the  Wholesale  Markets;  Diagrams  of  the  Fluctuations  of 
the  Produce  Markets;  Rates  of  Freight  and  Passenger 
Fares— corrected  monthly;  Illustrations  and  Sketches  of 
Prominent  Men  and  Buildings :  Editorials  on  Manufactur- 
ing and  IndustriaL  Progress;  Departments  containing  ap- 
propriate reading  matter  and  reviews  for  various  branches 
of  trade,  including  "Grocery  and  Provision ;"  "Dry  Goods ;" 
"Trades  and  Manufactures,"  etc.,  etc. 

Our  first  issue  for  May  consists  of  24  pages,  embracing 
FORTY-FIVE  COLUMNS  of  important  reading  matter- 
mostly  original  and  by  first-clas3  writers.  Sample  copies, 
post  paid.  10  cts.  Yearly  subscription,  in  advance,  SI-  Sub- 
scribers to  the  Scientific  Press  or  the  Pacific  Rural 
Press  will  be  supplied  at  half  price. 

Published  by  MURRAY,  DEWEY  &  CO., 
At  the  Publishing  Office  of  the  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific 

Rural  Press,  San  Francisco. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E-,  £" 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSAYER  AND  METALLURGIST,       ^' 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  ua 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  -H 
lurgists*  Companion."  (The  very  Comprehensive  ff 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  -5 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "  Prospector's  Wee  Pet  3- 
Aesaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  r** 


MAGAZINES. 


Harper's 

Atlantic 

Godey 

New  York  Ledger 

Blackwood 

Hours  at  Home 

Good  Words 

Peterson  s 

Arthur    

Lady  a  Friend 

Harper's  "Weekly 

Chimney  Corner 

Literary  Album 

London  Society..:... 
All  the  Year  Round. 
London  111.  News .   . . 


P.  An, 


3  00 

5  00 

6  00 
15  00 


W.  E.  LOOMIS* 

3N"e-vrs  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

S.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

SUPPLIES  ALL 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THE 

Year,  Month,  or  Number 


A     Blake's     Crusher 

FOR    SALE    CHEAP. 

One  of  Blake's  Patent  Ore  Crushers,  size  8x10,  second- 
h  and  and  in  perfect  order,  is  offered  for  sale  cheap.  Also, 

A  STEAM  ENGINE, 

8x16,  and  another  Gsl2,  second-hand  and  in  good  order. 
Also, 

A   New    Mining    Pump, 

6-inch  bore  and  5-feet  stroke,  double  acting. 

All  of  the  above  -will  be  sold  at  good  bargains  by 

J.    HENDY, 
21v24tf  No.  32  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    FOWDER,  A.  iEVO.    S    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

BANK     BLA.STING,     COAL     MINES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROCK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe,  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 
X*riee.    SO  Cents  per    3Poun<I. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 

20v22-3ml6p  General  Agent  b,  No.    210  Front  Street. 


JL    NEW    BOOK. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and 
Metallurgists'  Companion. 

Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Va- 
rious   Departments    of    Exploration, 
Mining,  Engineering,  Assaying, 
and  Metallurgy, 
ontaining  640  Pag-es  and  81  Engravings. 
BY  J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Of  San  Francisco,  a  Practical  Operntor  for  Thirty-four 

Years ;  Explorer,  and  Resident  in  the  Pacific  States 

and  Territories  for  tn.e  past  Six  Years. 

PRICE,  bound  in  eloth,  $10  (in  coin  or  its  equivalent) . 
In  leather,  $12.  Postage,  50  cents  extra.  Address  all 
orders  (wholesale,  or  retail]  to 

DEWEY   &   CO., 

Scientific  Press,  338  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


Opinions  of  the  Press. 

Practical  Mining  Ltteratube. — The  want  of  sound 
scientific  knowledge  has  heen  much  felt  by  the  miners 
employed  in  developing  the  vast  mineral  resources  of 
the  western  regions  of  the  United  States,  and  for  this 
want  the  work  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, will  prove  an  excellent  remedy.  The  book  is 
written  expressly  for  the  miners  in  the  districts  men- 
tioned. *  *  *  Metallurgy,  which  is  treated  of  in  the 
concluding  section,  is  dealt  with  in  the  same  practical 
manner  aB  the  other  subjects,  the  book  altogether  being 
one  exactly  calculated  to  Buit  the  views  and  meet  the 
requirements  of  those  for  whom  it  has  hei-n  written.  It 
is  not  intended  as  a  scientific  work,  hut  to  facilitate 
practical  operations  upon  scientific  principles.  This 
object  the  book  is  well  calculated  to  obtain,  and  its  value 
is  much  enhanced  by  the  principle  which  Mr.  Phillips 
has  adopted  of  including  only  those  processes  which 
can  easily  be  carried  out  by  practical  men  unuBed  to 
the  delicate  manipulations  necesaary  in  the  laboratory 
of  the  practis  d  chemist.  The  work  will  undoubtedly 
obtain  a  large  number  of  readers. 

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T.  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N-  TOWNE, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. Gen'l  Snpt. 

Rubber 

and 

Oak  ■  Tanned 

Leather 

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BY    »EWK-Y    A    CO., 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  8,  1872. 


VOJL.XJ ME     S  X IV. 

M«mh#r    23. 


"  Hydraulic  Joints. " 

[Written  tot  thvrm.s-1  bj  11.  Wiuyui  I'niu  pa.) 
Kxtensivo  aa  the  present  application  of 
hydraulic  power  is,  there  is  no  reason  why 
it  should  not  bo  much  more  so  if  two 
canses  of  retardation  were  removed.  The 
first  of  these  is,  that  tho  extreme  adapta- 
bility of  hydraulic  pressure  to  many  oper- 
ations requiring  but  little  power,  is  as  yet 
not  understood.  For  instance,  in  very 
many  cases  a  steady  and  perfectly  smooth 
motion,  Buch  as  can  be  regulated  to  any 
speed,  and  also  so  arranged  that  the  power 
cannot  rise  above  a  certain  point,  would 
be  invaluable  for  small  manafacturing 
purposes.  Now  if,  as  is  generally  the  case, 
a  screw,  cam,  or  other  ordinary  mechani- 
cal means  be  used,  tho  graduation  of  speed, 
though  simple  enough  in  its  first  design, 
offers  a  difficulty  in  general  when  the  ma- 
chine is  in  motion.  Further,  should  any 
obstruction  occur,  the  power  at  onoo  be- 
gins to  accumulate,  till  in  many  cases  the 
force  becomes  so  great  as  to  cause  the  de 
struotion  of  some  parts  of  the  running 
gear. 

The  practically  perfect  non-elasticity  of 
water  gives  just  the  advantages  required,  a 
motion  of  complete  uniformity  can  be  ob- 
tained, which,  without  stopping  the  ma- 
chinery, can  be  regulated  to  any  desired 
extent  from  nothing  to  the  most  rapid 
velocity  originally  estimated  in  the  design- 
ing of  the  machine.  Should  the  resistance 
be  increased  by  any  obstruction,  the  ma- 
chine will  simply  stop,  instead  of  destroy- 
ing any  part  of  itself,  or  the  attachments, 
supposing  always  that  ordinary  care  and 
knowledge  are  exercised  in  proportioning 
the  work,  pressure,  and  size  of  the  ma- 
chine to  its  attachments  and  the  ultimate 
power  to  the  ultimate  resistance. 

But  it  may  be  objected  that  hydraulic 
power  is  only  applicable  where  very  great 
resistance  has  to  be  dealt  with,  and  that  it 
is  not  at  all  applicable  where  very  small 
degrees  of  power  are  required.  Again  it 
may  be  said  that  there  is  so  much  troublo 
with  the  joints  as  to  render  other  appli- 
ances preferable.  With  the  question  of 
hydraulic  joints- — why  they  are  so  much 
trouble,  how  they  ought  to  be  made,  and 
what  amount  of  induranco  may  be  expect- 
ed from  them,  when  properly  constructed, 
I  propose  to  deal  in  a  simple  and  practical 
manner,  leaving  the  other  question  open 
for  a  future  communication. 

To  all  intents  and  purposes  the  joints, 
more  particularly  the  working  ones,  are 
the  vitals  in  arrangement  of  hydraulic 
mechanism.  No  matter  how  perfect  other 
parts  of  the  machine  may  be,  if  the  joints 
are  defective  continued  annoyance  will 
assuredly  ensue.  How  to  make  a  thorough- 
ly effective  hydraulic  joint  is  a  secret  pos- 
sessed by  but  few.  No  matter  how  well 
the  leathers  are  made,  or  of  what  quality 
of  material;  no  matter  how  carefully  they 
may  be  inserted  or  how  correctly  the  re- 
cesses for  them  may  be  constructed,  if  they 
are  called  upon  to  encounter  ought  but  a 
highly  polished  surface,  against  which  to 
work,  they  cannot  last  long. 


It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  if  an  un- 
polished surface  is  conducive,  in  the  case 
of  a  metallic  packing  moving  in  contact 
with  it,  to  rapid  wear-,  it  is,  in  the  case  of 
leather,  nothing  short  of  positive  destruc- 
tion. To  leather,  under  high  pressure, 
tho  very  pores  of  the  metal  become  so 
many  pits,  into  which  the  leather  is  forced, 
only  to  be  torn  away  in  small  fragments. 
It  might  seem  small  and  unnecessary  to 
urge  this   truth,  were    it  not  that  I  have 

Fig.  I. 


known  but  too  many  cases  where  most 
costly  results  have  followed  from  the  use 
of  unpolished  surfaces. 

Over  and  beyond  these  causes  there  is 
still  another,  which  is,  wo  ought  almost  to 
say,  universal,  so  seldom  is  care  taken  to 
avoid  it,  or  rather,  in  fact,  so  deliberately 

Fig.  II. 


is  it,  as  it  were,  cultivated.  I  refer  to  the 
rapid  destruction  of  leathers,  by  reason  of 
the  destructive  mode  of  adjustment,  form- 
ed only  with  a  view  of  first  cost,  in  such  a 
way  as  to  positively  insure  the  actual  cut- 
ting of  the  leather. 

In  making  hydraulic  joints  three  types 
of  leather  are  used,  which  are  usually 
designated  as   cup,  cap   and  hat  leathers, 


respectively.  The  cup  leather  is  the  most 
commonly  used,  and  is  of  a  form  so  well 
known  as  not  to  need  any  description  here. 
The  cap  leather  is  not  unlike  a  hat  de- 
prived of  its  rim  and  with  a  hole  in  its 
crown;  and  the  hat  leather  resembles  a  hat 
minus  all  the  crown.  Of  course  in  each 
case  the  grain  of  the  leather,  that  is  the 
outer  side,  must  form  the  working  surface 
of  the  hydraulio  packing.  It  will  then 
work  to  a  smooth,  evenly  polished  surface, 
if  proper  care  be  taken  in  finishing 
the  metal  in  contact  with  it.  French 
chalk  mixed  with  a  little  of  the  best  un- 


salted  tallow,  forms  an  excellent  lubrica- 
ting paste  for  the  leathers. 

In  preparing  hydraulic  leathers  of  vari- 
ous kinds,  the  following  mode  of  pro- 
cedure will  be  found  completely  successful: 
The  leather  selected  must  be  of  the  best 
tannage,  i.  e.,  oak  bark  tanned  leather. 
The  suitable  parts  of  the  leather  are  the 
hard  parts  of  the  butt,  for  large  leathers, 
and  the  best  shoulders  for  the  small  ones. 
On  no  account  should  any  of  the  belly 
leather  be  used.  With  a  sharp  knife  the 
whole  of  the  flesh  ing  or  soft  inner  portions 
Fig.  IV. 


11 

1 

m 

n 

llfel 

I 

H 

must  be  completely  removed;  great  care 
being  taken  to  out  the  leather  to  an  even 
surface.  The  slightest  cut  below  the  sur- 
face will  spoil  the  part  so  cut,  as  the  leath- 
er when  at  work  will  then  fail,  and  that 
soon.  Having  so  prepared  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  leather,  the  outer  grain  must 
be  turned  uppermost,  and  very  carefully 
examined  for  any  cuts  or  flaws,  no  matter 

Fig.  V. 


how  minute;  with  a  pair  of  dividers  the 
circles  describing  washers  of  the  sizes 
suited  to  produce  the  required  leathers 
must  next  be  drawn.  For  cup  and  hat 
leathers  an  inner  circle  will  he  requisite 
to  mark  the  place  to  be  cut  out  at  the 
centre. 

When  cut  leathers  are  required  with 
any  holes  in  the  crown,  the  leg  of  the  di- 
viders must  not  puncture  the  leather;  ubo 
a  loose  piece  of  leather  to  take  a  center 
from,  or  a  circular  tin  plate  and  "  scribe  " 
round  it.  After  cutting  the  washers, 
overhaul  them  and  see  whether  the  thick- 
ness is  exactly  equal  all  over  each.  If  it 
be  not  so,  then  the  leathers  will  be  drawn 
unequally  in  the  die.  The  best  way  to 
make  the  washers  is  to  cut  them  square; 
fasten  by  the  corner  to  wood,  faced  true  in 
a  lathe,  and  then  turn  them,  first  to  a 
proper  even  thickness;  secondly,  cutting 
them  to  the  right  ciroular  size.  Of  course 
the  grain  side  must  go  towards  the  face 
plate  and  the  fastenings  only  pierce  the 
waste  corners. 


After  the  washers  are  thus  prepared, 
they  are  to  be  steeped  in  soft  water  till 
soft  and  flexible.  When  they  are  thor- 
oughly softened  they  are  ready  for  the 
dies,  which  I  will  desoribe: — First,  a 
really  good  pair  of  dies  ought  to  be  made 
for  making  cup  leather.  The  best  mate- 
rial for  dies  is  good  hard  gun  metal,  as 
cast  iron  is  affected  by  the  tannic  acid, 
and  so  becomes  troublesome,  so  that  the 
dies  move  in  and  ont  of  each  other  with 
considerable  friction.  Besides  the  iron  is 
apt  to  tear  the  leather,  since  it  becomes, 
as  it  were  adhesive  or  grating  on  the  sur- 
face, and  the  leather  does  not  slide  easily 
with  the  recess  of  the  dies. 

The  sketch  herewith  shows  in  fig.  1  a 
pair  of  dies  of  the  latest  and  most  improv- 
ed design  for  making  out  leathers.  The 
figure  also  includes  the  proper  means  of 
forcing  home  the  die  when  the  leather  is 
adjusted.  A  is  the  center  piece  of  the 
die,  having  a  projecting  spindle,  .4',  which 
acts  as  a  guide  to  oenter  the  leather;  the 
moulding  ring,  B,  is  the  outer  die,  fitting 
accurately  around  A;  the  recess,  D,  is 
formed  half  in  each  die.  When  this  con- 
struction is  not  observed  there  is  diffi- 
culty in  removing  the  leathers,  and  they 
are  frequently  injured.  When  very  large 
numbers  of  leathers  have  to  be  made  it  is 
worth  while  to  provide  special  means  for 
removal  from  the  dies.  The  best  means 
to  accomplish  this  consiss  of  two  rings 
of  metal,  a  little  deeper  than  the  dies. 
One  ring  should  just  pass  freely  around 
the  die,  A,  the  other  through  the  die,  B, 
the  edges  of  these  dies  must  be  smooth 
and  rounded,  the  rings  merely  resting  on 
the  form.  When  the  dies  are  separated, 
the  leather  is  very  quickly  removed  from 
either  dies  by  means  of  these  rings. 
Should  the  leather,  as  is  the  usual  case , 
be  upon  the  die,  A,  this  die  is  merely 
dropped  into  the  ring  belonging  to  it.  If 
the  die,  B,  should  carry  the  leather  it  is 
forced  over  the  proper  ring.  If  these 
rings  are  not  provided,  some  blunt  instru- 
ment must  be  used. 

The  bell,  C,  fitting  upon  the  guide,  A, 
is  in  every  way  superior  to  the  ring  gener- 
ally used  for  forcing  the  leather  into  the 
dies.  The  small  holes  at//1,  are  outlets 
for  the  air.  This  arrangement  for  forc- 
ing home  the  dies  is  the  same  as 
in  any  hand  punch,  and  needs  no  de- 
scription. The  best  arrangement  for 
forcing  home  the  bell  is  by  hydraulic 
power  itself.  When  a  press  is  at  hand  the 
leathers  are  best  prepared  .by  placing  the 
dies  between  the  pattern,  and  then  allow- 
ing merely  a  slight  opening  of  the  valve  to 
produce  just  leakage  into  the  cylinder,  by 
means  of  which  a  slow  motion  is  pro- 
duced. 

After  being  forced  home,  the  leather 
must  be  allowed  thoroughly  to  set,  when 
it  becomes  firm,  the  pressure  may  be  re- 
moved and  the  bell  withdrawn;  next  with 
a  sharp  knife  pare  off  the  leather  level.  If 
you  have  no  lathe,  finish  the  leather  in  the 
dies  and  carefully  trim  them.  It  you  have 
[Continued  on  page  357] . 


354 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[June  8,  1872. 


Correspondence. 


Geology  and  Mining. 

Eds.  Press:— Geology  is  generally  un- 
derstood as  a  science;  but?  in  reality,  under 
that  name  may  be  included  a  -whole  group 
of  sciences,  and  the  one  to  which  my  ex- 
perience permits  me  to  refer  is  mineral 
veins  or  deposits  from  which  are  derived 
all  the  metals  of  commerce.  There  are' 
very  many  metals  rarely  met  with,  being 
found  only  in  small  quantities  and  at 
remote  intervals  ;  others,  the  most  essen- 
tia], are  almost  universally  deposited  in 
such  an.abundance  and  under  so  slight  a 
cpvering  as  to  bring  them  readily  within 
reach  of  the  miner's  art,  and  to  them  we 
owe  our  present  high  state  of  perfection 
in  the  useful  arts  ;  and  to  their  extended 
application  the  world  may  safely  attribute 
the  progress  and  wealth  of  civilized  na- 
tions. There  is  no  class  of  men  which 
has  such  an  [  advantage  for  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  mineral  veins  or  deposits  as 
the  miner ;  yet,  on  account  of  his  being 
daily  conversant  with  the  ever-varying 
phenomena  of  the  crust  of  the  globe,  he 
is  negligent  on  many  valuable  points, 
which  he  thinks  are  not  worthy  of  notice 
because  he  sees  them  every  day.  If  a 
thorough  geologist  or  mineralogist  was 
conversant  with  facts  which  are  often  fa- 
miliar to  the  mind  of  an  intelligent  miner, 
they  would  write  volumes  concerning 
them.  In  order  to  acquire  such  knowl- 
edge, one  must  be  guided  by  an  extended 
experience,  and  must  exercise  a  sound  and 
disciplined  judgment,  which  is  requisite 
at  every  stage  of  development,  and  which 
should  be  marked  by  assiduous  and  syste- 
matic observations. 

Under  studious  and  careful  observation 
man  is  surprised  to  find  Nature  so  plain 
and  similiar  all  over  the  face  of  the  globe 
As  an  example  of  which  allow  me  to  cite 
the  discovery  of  the  "gold  fields"  of  Aus 
tralia,  which  might  have  long  remained 
hidden  but  for  the  research  of  the  late 
Sir  Boderic  Murchison,  in  the  Ural  moun- 
tains. From  his  investigation  with  regard 
to  that  locality  ho  was  led  by  inductive 
reasoning  to  believe  that  gold  would  be 
found  in  similar  rock,  specimens  of  which 
had  been  sent  him  from  Australia.  Re- 
search fully  verified  his  prediction. 

In  the  States  of  Carolina,-  Georgia  and 
California  ;  iu  Australia,  Bnssia,  New  Zea- 
land and  even  Wales,  in  Great.  Brittain, 
the  auriferous  rocks  bear  a  close  simili- 
tude to  each  other. 

Gold  is  no  longer  confined  to  one 
country  as  was  thought  of  yore,  but  is 
widely  diffused,  and  in  various  conditions, 
traces  are  continually  found  in  iron  py- 
rites of  the  niore  ancient  rocks,  also  asso- 
ciated with  many  different  minerals.  I 
have  seen  in  Utah  and  elsewhere  iron  py- 
rites rich  with  gold.  This  we  should  not 
have  known  had  we  not  called  to  our  aid 
the  .  chemist.  Thus  by  calling  other 
branches  of  science  to  our  assistance  we 
can  bring  forth  positive  conclusions  in- 
stead of  vague  suppositions  as  in  time 
past. 

We  all  know  that  trees  from  the  tropics 
will  not  grow  in  the  frigid  zone  ;  so  also 
we  know  by-experience  that  minerals  must 
have    their  own  peculiar   characteristics. 

T.  S. 

' I 


San  Diego  Mines. 


Editors  Press: — That  the  importance 
of  the  San  Diego  mines  is,  and  has  been 
uuderated,  is  a  present  conviction  of  your 
correspondent,  especially  after  a  personal 
inspection  of  the  principal  workings. 
There  are  no  further  developments  in  the 

Stonewall 
Than  when  visited  before,  (some  sixteen 
months  since)  they  having  sufficient  ore 
to  stope  out  above  the  fifty  foot  level  to 
keep  the  mill  in  operation  for  some  time; 
but  as  soon  as  they  get  [their  new  engine 
and  pump  in  operation,  sinking  can  be  re- 
sumed. Their  vein  matter  is  all  decom- 
posed, so  that  they  must  work  the  whole, 
(sixteen  feet  in  width) .  At  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft  the  solid  quartz  was  struck,  so 
that  when  the  lower  level  is  opened  the 
rock  can  be  sorted  if  the  whole  does  not 
pay. 

The   Owens 
Is  no  doubt  a  good  mine,  and  is  now  being 


opened  systematically,  the  lower  level  be- 
ing driven  at  two  hundred  feet  in  depth. 
If  all  the  mines  in  the  district  were  as 
well  managed  as  the  Owens,  "  times  " 
would  be  different. 

The  California,  an  extension  of  the 
Owens,  will  resume  work  in  a  few  day;  the 
do-nothing  and  pay-nothing  portion  of  the 
company  being  ousted.     In  the 

Banner  District 
Everything  appears  lovely.  Gunn  has 
bought  into  the.  Antelope;  and  will  no 
doubt  bring  order  out  of  confusion,  which 
has  heretofore  predominated  in -.this  conf- 
pany.  Eor  the  depth  obtained  this  has 
payed  the  best  of  any  mine  in  the  vicinity. 
The  Madden,  oh  the  'same  vein',  is  being 
steadily  worked.  "Little  Mack,"  your  oc- 
casional correspondent,  is  driving,  the 
drill  vigorously  in  this  mine,  and  we  hope 
he  will  be  successful,  as  he  deserves.     The 

Baily  Brothers 
Have  done  a  great  amountof  work  on  their 
mine,  having  opened  it  for  a  thousandfeet 
along  the  lode,  finding  pay  ore  all  that 
distance.  This  is  the  most  conveniently 
situated  mine  for  economical  working  in 
either  district.  A  tunnel  along  the  ledge 
from  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  run  to  the 
distance  of  500  feet,  would  have  400  feet 
of  pay  ore  overhead  to  stope  out.  Their 
water  power--sixty  feet  fall — is  sufficient 
to  run  a  ten  stamp  mill,  and  ore  can  be  de- 
livered at  the  mill  at  seventy-five  cents  per 
ton.  So  that  a  very  low  grade  of  ore  can 
be  worked,  if  necessary. 

The  mine  of  the  district  is,  however, 
the 

Golden  Chariot, 
A  four-foot  vein  of  solid,  all-paying  quartz. 
There  is  between  two  and  three  hundred 
tons  of  rook  on  the  dump  that  will  go 
$200  per  ton;  an  average  of  twenty  tons 
lately  Avorked  in  a  steam  stamp  mill,  re- 
turned $118  per  ton,  saving,  probably,  not 
more  than  one  half  of  the  gold.  There  are 
tons  of  specimens  in  their  dump-pile,  that 
are  equal  in  richness  to  that  in  your  office, 
from  this  mine.  The  mine  is  bonded  in 
San  Francisco  for  $75,000,  but  why  the 
boys  wish  to  sell  where  there  is  more  than 
that  amount  in  sight,  I  am  at  a  loss  to 
know.  p.  m.  s. 

Julian  City,  San  Diego  Co.,  May  14,  '72. 


Deep  Mines. 

It  is  a  well-established  fact  that  the 
value  and  permanency  of  mines  depends 
largely  on  their  depth.  In  many  districts 
where  the  general  formation  or  country 
rock  is  limestone,  ore  channels,  or  surface 
deposits,  seem  to  form  the  rule.  This 
district,  however,  is  an  exception.  A  large 
number  of  ledges  have  been  sunk  on  from 
100  to  300  feet,  and  in  no  single  instance 
has  the  ore  "  petered  out;"  on  the  con- 
trary, all  mines  seem  to  improve  in  size 
and  richness  as  depth  is  attained.  This 
we  consider  a  very  gratifying  showing  in 
connection  with  the  future  prosperity 
of  the  distrtct.  Unlike  most  mineral- 
bearing  sections  located  in  limestone 
we  have  here  well-defined  veins  with 
walls  so  perfect  it  is  almost  wholly  im- 
possible to  mistake  them.  It  is  not 
isolated  cases  of  this  kind  that  we  refer  to, 
but  the  same  rule  obtains  almost  univer- 
sally throughout  the  district.  While  it  is 
true  that  some  of  the  best  defined  ledges 
are  comparatively  small,  it  is  also  certain 
that  they  widen  as  explorations  are  ex- 
tended deep  down  into  the  bowels  of  the 
earth.  The  water  strike,  noted  in  yes- 
terday's Sentinel,  at  a  depth  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  feet,  is  likewise  strong 
proof  that  true  fissure  veins  exist  in  this 
section.  The  varied  character  of  the  ores 
of  the  district,  being  from  all  appearances 
about  equally  divided  between  milling  and 
smelting,  must  always  give  employment  to 
an  extraordinary  large  army  of  laborers  in 
the  several  channels  arid  avocations  con- 
nected with  successful  mining  on  a  com- 
prehensive scale.  Viewing  the  mining  sit- 
uation understandingly  and  impartially, 
we  have  no  reason  to  doubt  that  there  is  a 
long  and  prosperous  future  in  store  for 
Eureka.  No  matter  if  we  are  for  the 
present  eclipsed  by  the  overshadowing  im- 
portance of  the  Comstock,  the  time  will 
come,  and  that  speedily,  when  this  district 
will  be  recognized  as  the  backbone  of  East- 
ern Nevada.  When  that  time  arrives,  as  it 
must  sooner  or  later,  Eureka  will  be  the 
most  populous  town  between  Salt  Lake 
and  San  Franoisco Eureka  (Nev-J  Sen- 
tinel. 


The  Northern  Pacifio  B.  E.  have  given 
notice  that  they  will  entirely  abandon  all 
claim  to  title  of  lands  in  Washington 
Territory  which  any  settler  has  the  least 
claim  to. 


Coos  Bay  Coal  Measures. 

The  coal  fields  of  the  Pacific  Coast  have  al- 
ways been  objects  of  much  inquiry  and  inter- 
est. To  them  are  looked  for  the  future  manu- 
facturing Schemes  for  the  development"  of  our 
local  resources.  Coal,  iron  and  agriculture  are 
material  resources  that,  when  found  in 
abundance  availably,  will  constitute  the  foun- 
dation of  an  empire  in  commerce  and  self-sus- 
taining population.  As  yet  our  coal  interests, 
though  much  talked  of  and  to  some  extent  the 
object  in  points  for  careful  enterprise,  are  yet 
Undeveloped:  Individual  efforts  have  been  con- 
stantly .battling  with  the  obstacles  always  inci- 
dent upon  the  growth  of  anew  country!  Coal 
is  knownto  exist  in  many  different  places,  but 
means  for  transportation  and  economical  sys- 
tems for  extracting  the  mineral  have  been  geni- 
erally  very  difficult,  thereby  increasing  the  cost 
in  the  market,  and  deterring  many  from  enter- 
ing into  the  work  of  mining.    - 

Among  the -most- prominent  coal  fields  are 
those  situated  about  Cops  Bay,  in  Coos  county, 
Oregon.  Unlike  the  mineral  extracted  in  some 
other  places,  the  article  there  found  is  free  from 
the  impurities  which  generally  have  prevented 
the  use  of  California  coals  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. It  is,  therefore,  a  matter  of  some  im- 
portance to  know  that  increased  energy  is  be- 
ing infused  into  the  mines  already  there  exist- 
ing, and  new  enterprises  are  being .  organized 
for  the  supply  of  the  market. 

Coos  Bay  is  situated  in  a  heavily  timbered 
district,  about  the  mouth  of  the  stream  which 
bears  the  same  name.  On  all  sides  the  country 
rises  into  hills  of  moderate  altitude,  on  the 
washed  and  broken  sides  of  which  coal  was 
found  many  years  ago  to  be  cropping  out.  The 
quality  being  tested  was  found  to  be  good. 

In  1853  the  Newport  mine  was  located  near 
the  upper  end  of  Coal 'Bank  Slough.  The  work 
was  commenced  systematically,  but  for  want  of 
capital  the  development  was  slowly  and  safely 
conducted.  At  present  the  mine,  which  is 
owned  by  Flanigan  <&  Mann,  is  confined  to  an 
area  of  3,000  acres,  under  two-thirds  of  which 
the  coal  beds  are  known  to  exist.  The  stratifi- 
cation is  inclined  at  a  slight  angle  from  a  hori- 
zontal position,  and  is  worked  out  through  a 
tunnel  3,000  feet  in  length.  A  narrow  gauge 
railroad,  the  first  on  wliich  a  locomotive  was 
placed  in  Oregon,  conveys  the  coal  over  the  38- 
inch  track  one  mde  and  three-quarters  to  the 
landing,  where  appliances  are  so  arranged  that 
the  work  of  loading  schooners  or  steamers  is 
facilitated  in  the  best  manner.  At  present  the 
production  is  about  seventy-five  tons  per  day. 
This,  however,  varies  greatly  on  account  of  trie 
delays  and  difficulties  in  the  way  of  obtaining 
schooners  or  steamers  to  load  tne  coal  for  the 
San  Francisco  market. 

The  EastportCoos  Bay  Coal  Mining  Company 
have  their  mine  located  on  a  tract  ot  land  con- 
taining 1,64U  acres,  nearer  the  mouth  of  the 
same  slough.  About  two-thirds  of  this  tract 
contain  the  coal-beds,  including  the  out-crop- 
pings  of  the  same  that  underlie  the  Newport 
tract.  This  mine  is  likewise  worked  by  means 
of  a  tunnel.  The  upper  portion  above  the  main 
level  has  been  worked  out.  Now  the  coal  is 
drawn  up  into  galleries  from  inclines,  which 
necessitates  the  use  of  a  steam  engine.  The 
distance  from  the  wharf  to  the  mouth  of  the 
mine  is  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  over 
which  a  tramway  is  laid  for  the  movement  of 
the  coal. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  thickness  of 
the  workable  seams  is  four  feet  six  inches,  and 
that  the  loss  from  wastage  being  assumed  to  be 
twenty-five  per  cent.,  the  average  yield  per  acre 
of  deposit  is  5,000  tons  of  coal.  The  present 
production  of  this  mine  is  said  to  be  2,0U0  tons 
per  month. 

Beside  these  two  mines  none  others  are  yet 
in  active  operation.  Coal  is  found  to  be  crop- 
ping out  in  various  other  localities  distant  troin 
each  other  and  on  all  sides  of  the  Bay,  which 
fact  indicates  that  the  entire  basin  contains 
more  or  less  the  same  stratified  deposit.  Trie 
peculiarities  of  the  seams  are  noticeably  tne 
same  in  all  points. 

In  general  the  deposit  consists  of  three  seams, 
enclosed  in  sandstone,  dipping  toward  the 
southwest  at  an  angle  of  from  five  to  fifteen 
degrees.  The  two  principal  and  lowest  seams 
are  in  the  average  two  feet  three  inches  thick. 
The  upper  seam  of  coai;  besides  being  of  in- 
ferior quality,  is  only  one  foot  thick,  and  is  not 
removed  by  the  miners,  but  is  allowed  to  re- 
main and  support  the  roof,  which  is  firm  and 
easily  sustained. 

The  coal  produced  is  of  a  fine  black  lustrous 
color,  with  brilliant  conchoidal  fracture,  tree 
from  iron  pyrites  and  sulphur,  not  liable  to 
spontaneous  combustion,  and  burns  without 
the  disagreeable  odor  so  frequently  accompany- 
ing coals  of  this  nature.  When  burned,  the 
residuum  is  almost  wholly  white  ashes.  The 
amount  that  can  be  obtained  from  the  mines 
now  working,  or  to  be  worked  in  future,  must 
depend  solely  on  the  facilities  provided  lor 
mining  and  transportation.  That  a  very  large 
supply  for  the  future  is  still  to  be  developed  is 
a  tact  well  enough  established. 

The  Hardy  Coal  Mine 

Is  the  name  given  to  one  comparatively  re- 
cently opened  and  now  almost  ready  for  sup- 
plying the  market  The  Company  is  repre- 
sented by  San  Francisco  business  men,  who 
have  expended  about  $30,000  in  improvements, 
besides  the  first^cost  of  the  land.  They  have 
purchased  1,700  acres  on  the  north  side  ot  the 
bay,  eight  miles  northeast  of  the  entrance. 
This  tract  lies  between  Hayne's  and  Jordan's 
Sloughs,  and  fronts  upon  the  bay.  A  good 
depth  of  water  is  found  all  along  the  western 


border.  Fourteen  feet  at  low  tide,  being  the 
same  depth  as  that  on  the  bar,  is  found  40U  feet 
from  the  shore,  directly  opposite  the  mine. 
The  land  rises  gradually  from  the  bay  to  a 
hight  ranging  from  200  to  500  feet,  and  is 
densely  timbered  with  fir  and  cedar.  The  coal 
is  found  in  a  regular  bed,  four  to  five  feet  in 
thickness  oh  all  sides  of  the  tract,  the  outcrop- 
pings  being  found  on  the  easterly  slope  for  a 
distance  of  two  miles.  On  the  northwest  cor- 
ner, near  the  bay,  the  coal  has  been  uncovered 
for  the  purpose  of  testing  the  average  capacity 
of  "the  mine.  The  improvements  already  nearly 
completed  are  situated  in  the  southwest"  front 
near  tie  confluence  of  Jordan's*  Slough  with 
the  bay.  The  wharf  is  about  hah*  finished  and 
is  being  prepared  for  a  double  track.  Leaving 
the  wharf,  the  track  extends  with  a  slightly  as- 
cending grade  to  the,  mouth  of  the  tunnel, 
which  penetrates  the  hill  and  reaches  the  coal 
bed.  The  tunnel  is  1,000  feet  long,  10  feet 
wide  and  8%  feet  high  and  is  provided  with 
double  tracks.  It  now  remains  to  open  out  the 
chambers  to  the  right,  and  left  and  extract  the 
coal  from  the  portion  of  the  bed  which  is  in- 
clined above  the  tunnel.  The  quantity  lying 
north  and  east  of  the  end  of  the  tunnel,  and 
which  may  all  be  extracted  without  machinery 
for  either  raising  or  freeing  the  mine  of  water, 
is  estimated  at  not  less  than  1,200,000  tons,  and 
the  whole  amount  of  coal  on  the  tract  at  three 
times  that  amount.  A  boarding-house,  bunk- 
ers, blacksmith  shops  and  other  improvements 
comprise  the  work  already  completed.  It  is 
expected  soon  to  have  the  mine  in  active  oper- 
ation. - 

There  has  been  some  talk  of  organizing  a 
fine  of  propellers  specially  constructed  for  this 
coal  trade.  If  done,  the  enterprise  will  greatly 
facilitate  the  working  and  thorough  develop- 
ment of  these  mines  and  will  greatly  tend  to 
regulate,  the  price  of  coal  in  this  market. 

Other  places  are  well  known  as  good  points 
for  opening  mines,  whileihere  are  many  which 
at  present  are  not  available  for  want  of  ready 
means  for  transportation.— Alia. 


The  Ava  Watts  District. 

The  Ava  Watts  District  lies  between  Bitter 
and  Kingston  Springs,  on  the  Salt  Lake  road, 
and  is  situated  at  a  distance  of  two  hundred 
miles  to  the  northeast  of  this  city,  and  about 
thirty-five  miles  from  the  boundary  line  of  the 
State.  Although  new  and  undeveldped,  the 
first  location  having  been  made  in  November 
last,  the.  ledges  that  have  already  been  discov- 
ered and  partly  prospected,  justify  the  opinion 
entertained  that  its  ores  are  as  rich  as  any  other 
district  on  the  coast.  The  ores  of  the  district 
are  chiefly  of  a  high  grade  character,  and  con- 
sist of  copper  and  silver.  The  leads  are  wide 
and  well  defined,  ranging  from  seven  to  thirty 
feet.  Sixteen  or  eighteen  locations  only  have 
been  made.  The  Summit  mine  is  represented 
as  being  a  very  valuable  piece  of  property. 
The  vein  is  thirty-two  feet  wide,  and  contains 
high  grade  ore,  which  will  yield  5300  to  the  ton 
in  silver,  while  much  of  it  will  run  as 
high  as  $2,800  per  ton.  There  are  now  from 
three  to  four  hundred  tons  of  rock  on  the 
ground  ready  for  milling.  The  San  Francisco 
mine,  in  whi  h  Capt.  Mobs  is  interested,  is 
not  as  rich.  The  average  of  assays  made  by 
Parker  Handy,  in  New  York,  gave  a  result  of 
$320  per  ton.  The  San  Francisco  lode  has 
been  prospected  to  a  depth  of  fifty  feet,  and 
continues  of  a  uniform  width  and  richness. 
One  shipment  of  ore  of  a  ton  and  a  half  has  al- 
ready been  dispatched  to  San  Francisco  for  re- 
duction, and  another  lot  of  four  tons  and  a 
half  is  now  en  roule  to  this  city  from  the  mines. 
The  district  is  represented  as  being  well  sup- 
plied with  water,  and  fuel  is  abundant.  A  good 
wagon  road  connects  it  with  this  city — the  Salt 
Lake  road,  which  leads  to  within  six  miles  and 
a  half  of  the  district.,  the  turn-off  being  at  a 
point  twenty-five  miles  on  the  other  side  of  Bit- 
ter Springs.  The  aborigines — a  tribe  of  Piutes 
— are  peaceable  and  numerically  weak,  not  ex- 
ceeding one-hundred  in  number. — Los  Angeks 
News. 


Curiosity.  —  A  male  calf  has  been 
dropped  on  Mr.  Wheaton's  ranch,  Tule 
river,  which  would  pass  for  a  bear  on  ac- 
count of  its  shape  and  the  way  it  travels. 
It  has  the  split  hoofs  of  the  genus  calf,  but 
its  kness  are  turned  the  wrong  way,  and  it 
uses  all  the  leg  below  the  knee  as  a  foot. 
Its  body  is  thick  and  short  like  a  bear's, 
and  for  three  weeks  it  could  not  reach  up 
to  the  maternal  fountain,  but  had  to  be 
lifted  np.  It  is  six  weeks  old  and  only 
fourteen  inches  high.  It  ambles  like  a 
bear,  and  when  in  motion,  lifts  and  rolls 
its  back,  just  like  one  of  the  bruin  family. 
Bears  are  plenty  thereabouts,  and  the  old 
cow  probably  got  badly  frightened  at  one. 
Delta. 


A  letter  from  Montevideo  states  that 
while  Professor  Agassiz  and  several  of  his 
party  were  collecting  geological  speci- 
mens and  putting  pieces  of  rock  in 
their  pockets,  they  were  arrested  and  put 
in  the  guard  house,  but  were  soon  re- 
leased. Imagine  the  Professor's  intense 
disgust  at  being  arrested  for  pursuing  his 
researches  in  aid  of  of  the  cause  of  science. 


June  8,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


355 


iCIENTiFIC    JBROGRESS. 


Extinguishing  the    Electric  Light  by 
the  Approach  of  a  Magnet. 

Vrof.  E.  J.  Houston  of  the  Central  High 
School,  Phila.,  calls  attention,  in  the  Jour- 
nal of  tlt>  SVanWhi  Institui  to  ;in  inter- 
esting fact  whieh  ho  thinks  may  have  hith- 
erto escaped  observation.  Having  occasion 
to  set  up  a  large  battery  for  experimcnntl  illus- 
tration  of  the  properties  of  the  light  of  the  vol- 
taic arch,  ho  employed  a  battery  of  eighty 
half  gallon  cell*.  Whin  first  set  up  the  arch 
between  the  carbon  electrodes  measured  fully 
two  inches,  while  the  flame  frequently  reached 
an  equal  distance  above  the  tipper  carbon. 

The  phenomenon  to  which  he  calls  attention 
is  stated  as  follows: — 

Wishing  to  show  the  well  known  experiment 
of  the  rotation  of  the  light  by  a  magnot,  he  ap- 
proached a  cornpbund  bar-magnet  to  the  light, 
holding  it  with  on*'  end  pointing  directly  to  the 
arch,  in  a  horizontal  plane  equidistant  between 
the  carbon  electrodes.  When  the  nearest  end 
of  the  magnet  was  within  about  four  inches  of 
the  electrodes,  the  light  was  instantly  extin- 
quished. 

Thinking  that  the  extinguishing  of  the  light 
was  produced  by  some  cause  other  than  the  ap- 
proach of  the  magnet,  tho  experiment  was  re- 
peatedly tried  in  a  number  of  ways,  until  it 
was  clearly  shown  that  the  cause  could  not  be 
attributed  to  accident,  but  to  the  approach  of 
the  magnet. 

Though  he  has  failed  to  find  any  published 
notice  of  this  phenomenon,  he  thinks  it  proba- 
ble that  it  may  already  have  been  observed,  as 
the  conditions  of  the  experiment  would  be  al- 
most exactly  reproduced  whenever  the  rotation 
of  the  light  of  the  voltaic  arch  by  the  magnet 
was  tried.  Still  it  may  be  conceived  that 
though  the  "necessary  conditions  for  success  in 
this  experiment  have  often  been  marly  repro- 
duced; they  have  seldom,  if  ever,  been  exactly 
reproduced,  for  it  was  noticed  that  in  no  case 
was  tho  light  extinguished,  unless  the  length 
of  the  aroli  was  nearly  as  great  as  the  tension 
of  the  electricity  admitted;  that  is  unless  the 
electrodes  were  separated  by  nearly  their  max- 
imum distance,  consistent  with  the  passage  of 
the  current,  "Were  this  condition  not  observed 
in  all  cases,  the  approach  of  the  magnet  pro- 
duced no  other  e fleet  than  the  rotation  of  the 
light,  until  it  assumed  a  position  in  a  vertical 
plane  MO"-'  from  a_similar  plane  passing  through 
the  magnetic  axis  of  the  bar.  Then,  again,  an- 
other necessary  condition  iB  that  both  the  ten- 
sion and  the  quantity  of  the  current  be  of  a 
strength  greater  than  that  of  the  current  on 
which  the  experiment  of  rotation  is  generally 
tried.  He  has  experimented  with  flames  when 
these  latter  conditions  were  absent,  and  al- 
though the  rotation  was  observed,  the  extin- 
guishing of  the  light  was  in  no  instance  pro- 
duced. 

The  compound  bar  magnet  employed  is 
formed  of  three  bars,  held  together  by  brass 
screws.  It  is  one  foot  long,  one  inch  broad  and 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  thick,  and  is  not  at  all 
remarkable  for  the  strength  of  its  magnetism. 
As  to  the  cause  of  the  phenomenon,  he  thinks 
it  may  be  attributed  to  the  tendency  of  the 
flame  to  rotate  on  the  approach  of  the  magnet. 
This  might  cause  an  extinguishing  of  the  light 
in  two  ways;  either  by  the  irregularities  on  the 
surfaces  of  the  carbon  electrodes  offering  great- 
er resistance  to  the  passage  of  the  current  from 
some  points  than  from  others,  or  by  the  current 
being  unable  to  pass  through  the  greater 
distance  of  the  arched  path,  which  is  alway 
assumed  by  the  light  on  the  approach  of  a 
magnet. 

Another  assumption,  which,  though  perhaps 
not  as  simple  as  those  already  mentioned,  at 
least  as  probable,  is  that  on  the  approach  of 
the  magnet,  there  is  a  slight  increase  in  the 
non-conducting  power  of  the  medium  between 
the  electrodes,  produced  by  their  polarization, 
and  which,  though  always  acting,  can  only 
manifest  itself  in  a  striking  manner  when  the 
distance  between  the  electrodes  is  near  a  maxi- 
mum, and  the  tension  of  the  current  is  exerted 
to  the  utmost  in  passing  through  the  non-con- 
ducting medium. 

The  assumption  of  the  polarization  of  the 
medium  between  the  electrodes,  and  its  conse- 
quently diminished  power  of  conducting  the 
current,  seems  to  be  somewhat  sustained  by 
the  fact,  that  a  powerful  electro-magnet,  in  the 
form  of  a  horse  shoe,  when  approached,  did 
not  extinguish  the  light,  although  it  produced 
rotation  of  the  current,  for  we  may  conceive 
that  the  two  poles,  acting  simultaneously  on 
the  medium,  would  neutralize  each  others 
effects. 

He  noticed,  on  several  occasions,  that  the 
south  pole  of  the  magnet  would  not  extinguish 
the  light  until  it  was  approached  one  inch  near- 
er than  the  north  pole,  namely,  to  within  three 
inches  of  the  electrodes.  This,  however,  may 
have  been  accidental. 


Ball  Lightning. 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Am.  Polytechnic  at 
New  York,  March  20th,  it  was  remarked  that 
3lr.  C.  F.  Varley  has  recently  given  to  the 
llnal  Society  of  Loudon  an  account  of  new  ex- 
periments made  with  a  Holtz  electric  machine, 
having  brass  balls  at  tho  poles  ahont  an  inch  in 
diameter.  A  strip  of  wood  about  three  inches 
in  length,  was  bent  around  tho  negative  pole, 
so  as  to  project  on  each  side  of  it  toward*  the 

EOSitive pOUJ  On  rotating  the  machine,  two 
right  spots  are  seen  on  the  positive  pole.  If 
th<  positive  polo  be  mode  to  rotate  on  its  axis 
at  the  same  time,  the  luminous  spots  do  not  ro- 
tate with  it;  but  when  the  uogativr  pole,  with 
its  tilnmeiit  of  wood,  is  rotated,  the  spots  on  tho 
positive  pole  rotate  also.  On  interposing  a  non- 
conductor, like  plate-glass,  between  the  polos, 
the  luminous  spots  disappear.  On  removing 
the  wood  from  the  negative  pole,  there  was 
sometimes  a  glow  over  a  large  portion  of  the 
surface  of  the  positive  ball.  If,  in  this  state, 
two  or  three  small  pieces  of  sealing-wax,  or 
ev-ti  a  drop  of  water,  be  placed  on  the  negative 
pole,  corresponding  non-luminous  spots  will 
appear  on  the  positive  pole,  and  these  spots 
will  rotate  when  the  negative  pole  is  rotated. 

It  is  evident  that  lines  of  force  pass  through 
the  intervening  air  from  the  negative  polo  to  the 
positive,  a  distance  of  about  eight  inches.  This 
experiment,  Mr.  Varley  believes,  may  explain 
the  cause  of  "  ball  lightning."  If  a  cloud  be 
negatively  electrified  sufficiently  strong  to  pro- 
duce a  flash  from  the  earth,  a  point  on  such 
cloud  would  correspond  to  the  projection  of 
wood  on  the  negative  pole  of  the  electric  ma- 
chine; and  such  point  moving  along  the  sur- 
face of  the  cloud  would  cause  a  responsitive  ac- 
tion near  the  surface  of  the  earth,  and  a  lumin- 
ous spot  would  appear,  which  has  been  des- 
cribed as  "  ball  lightning  "  by  those  who  have 
witnessed  this  rare  phenomenon. 

In  relation  to  the  above,  Dr.  Bradley  said: — 
"  I  think  I  have  seen  ball  lightning.  I  saw  it 
go  into  a  mill,  and  it  was  all  in  flames  in  au  in- 
stant.   It  seems  to  be  totally  unaccountable." 

Dr.  Van  Der  Weyde  also  said  that  he  had 
once  seen  a  ball  of  lightning,  and  that  this  was 
the  first  explanation  of  the  phenomena  which 
he  had  ever  met  with,  having  any  appearance 
of  truth. 


Progress. 


The  Astebolds. — The  recent  announcement 
by  Dr.  R.  Luther,  of  Europe,  of  the  discovery 
of  another  asteroid  (the  118th)  in  connection 
with  the  reported  disappearance  of  a  fixed  star, 
reminds  us  of  the  fact  that  quite  a  number  of 
the  smaller  asteroids  have  taken  themselves  out 
of  telescopic  ken,  and  it  is  still  uncertain 
whether  they  are  coming  back.  In  view  of 
these  disappearances,  Professor  Peters,  of 
Hamilton  College  is  opposed  to  putting  any 
more  on  the  list  until  observation  has  made  it 
certain  that  they  have  "come  to  stay."  Our 
older  readers  will  remember  that  in  their  school 
days  there  were  only  four  asteroids  known  to 
the  text-books — Ceres,  Pallas,  Juno  and  Vesta, 
discovered  respectively  in  1801,  1802,  1804  and 
1807.  It  was  not  till  1845  that  a  fifth  was  add- 
ed to  the  list  by  Hencke,  of  Dresden.  The 
number  had  slowly  increased  to  29,  when 
American  science  took  a  hand  in  the  person  of 
Professor  Fergusson,  of  Washington,  who  add- 
ed Euphrosine  in  1864.  Of  the  total  118,  61 
have  been  discovered  since  1859.  Those  first 
seen  and  named  in  this  country  number,  we 
believe,  28.  The  best  years  for  asteroids  have 
been  1857,  1861  and  1868.  In  the  first,  8  were 
added  to  the  list;  in  the  second  10;  and,  in  '68, 
the  unprecedented  number  of  12. 


Temperature  of  Lavas. — According  to  the 
investigations  of  Dr.  Fuchs,  of  Heidleberg,  it 
would  appear  from  a  study  of  the  chemical 
processes  which  take  place  in  lavas  at  the  mo- 
ment of  eruption,  and  by  the  observation  of 
the  broken  crystals  in  the  lava,  that  the  melted 
masses  some  time  before  the  eruption  must 
have  had  a  higher  temperature  than  at  the  mo- 
ment of  eruption 


Disappearance  of  a  Star.— A  gentleman  of 
this  city  announces  the  fact,  through  the  Alia, 
that  the  star  Mu  Leonis,  of  the  third  magnitude 
has  recently  disappeared.  This  star  was  one  of 
the  cluster  which  forms  the  sickle,  and  was  the 
third  in  the  blade,  reckoning  from  the  handle. 
His  attention  was  called  to  the  star  some  two 
weeks  since,  when  it  was  shining  with  its 
usual  brillancy,  visible  to  the  naked  eye.  He 
first  observed  its  disappearance  on  the  26th  ult., 
but  thought  it  possible  that  some  peculiar  condi- 
tion of  the  atmosphere  rendered  it  invisible. 
However,upon  making  a  close  scrutiny  he  found 
that  the  star  had  actually  disappeared.  At  nine 
o'clock  in  the  evening  the  sickle  may  now  be 
seen  in  San  Francisco,  at  which  tim'e  it  will  be 
found  situated  a  little  north  of  west,  and  at  a 
distance  from  the  zenith  of  about  40° 

Much  interest  will  be  felt  to  learn  whether 
this  reported  disappearance  is  confirmed  by 
Eastern  observers,  and  also  to  hear  what  phe- 
nomena with  regard  to  the  same  may  have  been 
observed  with  the  larger  and  more  powerful  in- 
struments in  use  at  other  localities. 


Obystai.lizattov  in  Wrought  Iron. — Much 
discussion  and  much  diverse  opinion  has  been 

l  on  the  assumption  that  wrought  iron, 
under  certain  conditions,  as  for  instance  under 
long  continued  vibration  changes  its  molecular 
arrangement  from  fibrous  to  crystalline.  An 
.  xohange  sums  no  the  different  'authorities  on 
this  Miojeet  as  follows: 

Mr.  Kobort  Stephenson  wqp  unable  to  satisfy 
bixD8<  U  from  a  large  experianoB  that  any  sueh 
moleculur  change  in  fibrous  iron  took  place, 
and  referred  to  the  beam  of  a  Cornish  engiue. 
which,  working  eight  or  ten  strokes  a  minute 
for  more  than  twenty  yours,  nnder  a  strain  of 
JU  lbs.  per  inch,  and  the  connecting-rod  of  a 
locomotive,  vibrating  eight  times  a  second  for 
several  years  of  regular  work,  making  more 
than  2wJ1UUU,O00time*,  yet  remained  uninjured; 
and  lie  considers  those  facts  good  grounds  for 
doubting  thutirou  changes  its  state  in  axles. 

Many  engineers  have  doubted  that  any  axle 
which,  when  broken,  proved  to  be  crystalline 
had  ever  beeu  fibrous  in  its  character.  Others 
maintain  that  the  change  does  not  take  place 
unless  the  iron  is  strained  beyond  its  limit  ol 
elasticity.  One  of  the  most  striking  examples 
of  tho  change  is  shown  in  the  chain  slings  used 
for  carrying  the  bars  during  the  process  of  ham- 
mering at  a  forge,  and  also  to  the  poller  bars  at- 
tached to  the  blooms  while  uuder  tho  hammer, 
both  of  which  are  know  to  become  very  brittle 
after  a  few  months. 

Mr.  Thorneycroft  (England)  considered  that 
the  internal  structure  of  iron  undergoes  no 
change  unless  there  be  a  change  of  form;  that 
simple  vibration  will  not  destroy  the  fiber, 
whereas  bending,  if  long  continued,  would 
change  the  most  fibrous  iron  to  crystalline. 

Mr.  Eoebliug  states  that  the  most  fibrous  bar 
may  be  broken  so  as  to  show  a  granular  and 
somewhat  crystalline  fracture,  and  this  without 
undergoing  any  molecular  change  in  the  text- 
ure. "Take,"  he  says,  "a  fibrous  bar,  10  feet 
long,  nip  it  iu  the  center  all  around  with  a  cold 
chisel,  then  poise  tho  bar  upon  the  short  edge 
of  a  large  anvil  and  a  short  piece  of  iron  placed 
eight  or  nine  inches  from  tUe  edge  on  the  face 
of  the  anvil,  and  strike  a  few  heavy  blows  upon 
the  nip  so  that  each  blow  will  cause  the  bar  to 
rebound  and  to  vibrate  intensely,  and  the  re- 
sult will  be  a  granular  and  somewhat  crystalline 
fracture.  Now  take  up  the  two  halves  and  nip 
them  all  round  again,  about  one  or  two  inches 
from  the  fractured  ends,  and  break  them  off  by 
easy  blows  over  the  round  edge  of  the  anvil, 
and  the  fiber  will  appear  again. 

This  experiment  proves  that  a  break  caused 
by  sudden  jars  and  intense  vibration  may  show 
a  granular  and  even  crystalline  fracture,  without 
Jiaving  changed  t/w  molecular  arrangement  of  the 
iron.  All  fibers  are  composed  of  mineral  crys- 
tals drawn  out  and  elongated  or  flattened,  and 
the  fracture  may  be  produced  so  as  to  exhibit  in 
the  same  bar,  and  within  the  same  inch  of  bar, 
either  more  fiber  or  more  crystal.  But  a 
course  crystalline  bar  will  under  no  circum- 
stances exhibit  fiber,  nor  will  a  well-worked  out 
fiber  exhibit  coarse  crystals. 

Mr.  Koebling  concludes  that  a  molecular 
change,  or  so-called  granulation  or  crystalliza- 
tion, in  consequence  of  vibration  or  tension,  or 
both  combined,  has  in  no  instance  been  satis- 
factorily proved  or  demonstrated  by  experi- 
ments; but  that  vibration  and  tension  combined 
will  greatly  affect  the  strength  of  iron  without 
changing  its  fibrous  texture,  and  that  this  loss 
of  strength  bears  a  due  proportion  to  the  extent 
and  duration  of  the  vibration  and  tension. 


been  exposed  the  greater  w-as  the  inferiority  iu 
the  quality  of  the  coke  it  produced. 

The  gas-yielding  quality  decreased  in  one  in- 
stanca45per  cent.,  and  the  heating  power  47 
per  cant. ;  while  the  same  sample  under  cover 
lost  in  the  same  time  but  24  per  cent,  for  gas 
purposes,  and  12  per  cent,  for  fuel.  These  ex- 
p<  mnents  y,o  far  to  explain  the  almost  universal 
inferiority  ol  the  slack  or  waste  coals  in  heating 
power  when  prepared  for  burning,  even  though 
some  combustible  material  liko  pitch  or  tar  is 
used  in  their  cementation.  It  indicates  too, 
the  imperative  necessity  ol  keeping  coals  amply 
protected  from  the  deteriorating  action  of  the 
air  and  moisture  by  keeping  thorn  constantly 
dry   and     under   cover.— Juamai    Fitudlin   /«- 


Vitrified  Marble. 


Origin  of  Coal. — According  to  Prof.  "Wnrtz, 
the  formation  of  coal  depends  entirely  upon 
the  action  of  the  iron  which  was  dissolved  in 
the  waters  of  the  coal  period.  The  combina- 
tions of  iron  with  which  coal  is  always  accom- 
panied are  pyrites,  iron  spar,  and  hydrated 
ozide.  These  were  doubtless  derived  from  the 
strata  interjected  between  the  coal  beds.  In 
this  case  the  oxygenated  water  appeared  to  act 
upon  the  metallic  sulphurets  which  were  con- 
tained in  the  crystalline  slates,  from  the  de- 
struction of  which  these  coal  strata  were  derived. 
Coal,  consequently,  is  the  normal  result  of  the 
eremaeausis  of  organic  substances  in  waters 
which  contain  sulphate  of  iron  and  free  car- 
bonic acid.  An  immense  pressure  upon  the 
mass,  while  in  a  plastic  conditon,  was  also, 
without  doubt,  an  additional  element  of  impor- 
tance. 


Weather  "Waste  of  Coal. 

The  loss  suffered  by  the  exposure  of  coal  to 
the  weather  is  much  greater  than  most  people 
suppose.  Dr.  Varrentrapphasmade  this  subject 
a  matter  of  carefulinvestigation,  and  the  results 
of  his  analyses  show  in  some  cases  a  total  loss 
in  weight  of  a  specimen,  from  this  cause, 
amounting  to  38.08  per  cent.,  whileits  deterior- 
ation in  quality  for  purposes  of  fuel  or  gas- 
making  reached  a  still  higher  figure. 

This  change  consists  in  a  slow  combustion,  in 
which  the  volatile  constituents — which  are  most 
valuable  combustible  elements — are  gradually 
eliminated,  while  the  relative  proportions  of 
carbon,  ash  and  sulphur  are  comparatively 
augmented.  It  might  be  expected,  now  that 
the  nature  of  this  change  is  indicated,  that 
anthracite  (which  has  already  gone  through  a 
very  similar  process  in  becoming  what  it  is,  by 
the  loss  of  its  bituminous  matter)  should  suffer 
least  of  all  coals  from  this  action,  and  the  re- 
sult of  anlysis  shows  this  to  be  the  case.  The 
density  and  compactness  of  this  variety,  aside 
from  its  chemical  character,  protect  it  in  no  in- 
considerable degree.  The  cannel  coals  rank 
next  in  their  power  to  resist  deterioration  from 
this  source;  while  the  bituminous  varieties  are 
the  most  susceptible , 

The  experiments  of  L>r.  Varrentrapp  are  of 
such  direct  and  practical  importance  that  all 
who  are  engaged  in  the  mining,  transportation, 
storage  or  consumption  of  coal  can  study  them 
with  profit.  It  appears,  from  accurate  tests 
of  a  number  of  samples  before  and  after  expos- 
use,  that  all  the  valuable  properties  of  the  coal 
had  deteriorated. 

The  coking  quality  of  the  weathered  coal  di- 
minishes with  its  gas-yielding  quality,  the  au- 
thor imforming  us  that  a  sample  of  coal  yield- 
ing, when  freshly  mined,  a  arm  coherant  coke, 
after  eleven  days'  exposure,  yielded  a  coke  of 
no  coherence,  and  in  all  the  samples  tested  the 
rule  was  absolute  that  the  longer  the  coal  had 


A  substance,  known  under  this  appellation 
has    recently    been  brought   out    in  England 

which  promises  to  find  its  way  into  very  large 
and  varied  use.  The  material  itself  results 
from  tho  admixture,  and  melting  together  in  a 
furnace,  of  equal  parts  of  certain  vitreous,  and 
silicious  substances  in  about  equal  proportions, 
to  which  are  added  at  a  suitable  stage  and  in 
the  requisite  quantities,  such  coloring  materi- 
als as  will  produce  the  desired  effects,  either  as 

plain  body-color  equally  diffused  through- 
out the  mass,  or  in  veins  of  one  or  more  colors 
with  or  without  ground.  When  in  a  semi- 
fluid state,  while  yet  hot,  small  or  large  masses 
of  this  plastic  matter  are  cut  off  and  pressed 
into  iron  or  steel  moulds  carefully  formed  to 
Ihe  desired  shape.  In  this  manner  decorative 
objects  of  any  size,  shape,  or  appearance  can 
be  produced  with  the  utmost  facility  and  rapid- 
ity of  execution. 

The  manner  in  which  natural  materials  of  all 
kinds  can  be  imitatively  reproduced  is  extraor- 
dinary; ordinary  marbles,  veined  and  other, 
porphyry  and  malachite,  jade,  lapis  lazuli,  etc., 
thus  prepared  closely  resemble  the  genuine  ob- 
jects themselves,  and  have  the  advantage  ol  be- 
ing in  forms  that  it  could  only  be  obtained  out 
of  the  originals  with  great  labor,  waste,  and 
cost*  They  can  also  be  obtained  and  applied 
in  bulk  and  solid  masses,  as  for  vases,  paper- 
weights, inkstands,  table  tops,  etc.,  or  in  min- 
uter portions,  such  as  patera*  and  tesserte,  or 
amorphous  pieces  for  mosaic  work  in  every  va- 
riety, suitable  for  pavements,  etc.  For  the  lat- 
ter purpose  tho  vitrified  paving  possesses  an 
important  advantage  over  marble  and  encaustic 
tiles,  in  relation  to  the  surface,  which  is 
rougher,  and  more  snfe  and  pleasant  to  tread 
upon,  giving  good  foothold  and  equable  wear, 
while  lending  itself  to  every  pattern,  regular  or 
the  reverse. 

"When  to  the  above  advantages  are  added  the 
essential  qualification  of  economy,  whether 
from  the  point  of  view  of  first  cost  or  of  main- 
tenance and  repairs,  it  is  thought  that  this  ma- 
terial must  eventually  command  a  wide  field 
of  practical  application  and  use,  supply  a  great 
want,  and  establish  for  itself  a  high  and  perma- 
nent position  among  the  appliances  of  build- 
ing and  construction. 

Boilee  Explosions. — It  appears  from  care- 
fully compiled  data  that  a  large  share  of  acci- 
dents which  occur  fromboilerexplosionsaredue 
mainly  to  bad  construction  of  the  boilers.  The 
facts  presented  in  American  experience  are  also 
confirmed  by  the  records  of  explosions  which 
have  taken  place  in  Great  Britain.  Thus,  of 
297  explosions  which  occurred  within  a  given 
time  in  that  country,  120  were  due  to  malcon- 
struction  of  the  boilers,  88  to  defective  condi- 
tion of  the  boilers,  4A  to  the  failure  of  the  scams 
or  rivets  at  the  bottom  of  externally-fired  boil- 
ers, 38  to  overheating  of  the  plates,  5  to  exces- 
sive pi  essure  of  steam  caused  by  interference 
with  the  safety-valve,  and  2  to  causes  not  dis- 
tinctly made  out.  For  every  blow-up  due  to 
the  neglect  of  the  attendant,  there  were  six 
chargeable  to  the  carelesssness  or  ignorance  of 
the  boiler-maker  or  boiler-owner. 

It  is  thus  quite  evident  that  the  causes  which 
lead  to  most  of  these  disasters  are  neither  acci- 
dental nor  mysterious,  but  are  of  the  simplest 
character  and  easily  preventible  by  common 
knowledge  and  common  care,  and  it  is  about 
time  that  measures  should  be  taken  to  enforce 
such  precautions  as  are  necessary  to  secure  the 
public  from  the  dangers  which  now  continually 
threaten  them  in  this  connection. 


Coal  CoTrrNa  Machtneky. — There  is  now 
every  prospect  that  the  getting  of  coal  by  ma- 
chinery will  be  more  generally  adopted  in  the 
British  mines,  than  has  hitherto  been  the  case. 
At  present  it  has  only  been  adopted  at  a  few 
places,  but  a  new  machine,  patented  by  Messrs. 
Gillott  <fc  Copley,  has  recently  been  tested  near 
Barnsloy,  in  the  presence  of  a  number  of  min- 
ing engineers  from  various  parts  of  the  king- 
dom, and  with  the  most  satisfactory  results. 
In  136  jninutes  a  bank  of  coal,  58  yards  long 
and  four  feet  eight  inches  thick,  was  cut  to  a 
depth  of  three  feet  one  inch.  The  quantity  of 
coal  so  cut  would  be  about  80  tons  in  the  time 
stated.  It  brings  down  the  coal  in  vast  blocks, 
effecting  a  great  saving  by  malting  little  or  no 
slack,  as  wedges  and  gunpowder  make  from  25 
to  40  per  cent.  The  owners  of  the  Oaks  Col- 
liery are  so  satisfied  with  the  machine  that  they 
have  given  orders  for  four  of  them. 

CAEBtTRETTED  AlR  IN  THE  IEON  MaNTTPACTDTIE. 

— It  is  stated  in  the  Journal  of  the  Franklin 
Institute,  that  in  certain  smelting  establish- 
ments in  Europe,  the  experiment  is  beingtried, 
and  with  success,  of  using  air  carburreted  by 
its  passage  over  petroleum,  in  the  reduction  of 
iron  from  its  ores. 


356 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  8,  1872. 


ining  Nummary. 


The  following  ia  mostly  cond  naed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  inierior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 

California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Monitor  Miner,  May  25 :  The  Obe  in  Mon- 
itor No  3  west  drift  is  looking  well. 

Tarshish. — This  mill  started  np  again  a  few 
days  since. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Forbestown. —  Oroville  Record,  June  1:  The 
mines    are  paying  well.    Fowler  &  Howland 
will  soon  start  their  quartz  mill. 
CALAVERAS    COUNTY. 

Gwin  Mine. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  June  1: 
Operations  are  progressing  favorably  Bock  is 
being  taken  from  the  500-ft.  level  in  the  south 
shaft  and  from  the  350-ft.  level  in  the  north 
shaft.  The  ore  is  the  best  yet  uncovered.  Only 
a  portion  of  the  stamps  are  running.  The 
great  central  shaft  being  sunk  has  reached  50 
ft. 

Good  Bock. — 6  tons  of  rock  from  the  Zace- 
tara,  at  "West  Point  were  recently  worked, 
yielding  $420 — an  average  of  $70  per  ton. 

Good  Yield. — The  gravel  claim  of  Bracket* 
&  Co.,  in  Chili  Gulch,  continues  to  "pan  out" 
handsomely.  15  men  are  employed  and  the 
yield  approximates  $700  per  week. 

San  Bruno. — The  work  of  taking  out  rock 
has  been  re-commenced  in  the  San  Bruno  mine, 
Mosquito  Gulch.  The  last  rock  taken  yielded 
$175  per  ton. 

Prussian  Hill. — The  mill  being  erected  on 
this  mine  is  nearly  in  readiness  to  start. 

"West  Point. — Bartolo  mine — test  rock,  3,800 
lbs.  yielded  ©139. 

Petticoat. — Work  has  been  resumed  on  the 
mine  at  Bailroad  Flat. 

"Wolvebine. — A  depth  of  200  ft.  has  been 
reached,  at  which  point  the  ledge  Bhows  wider 
and  richer  than  any  where  nearer  the  surface. 

Enormous  Yield. — This  week  Mr.  Schlund 
showed,  us  a  gold  bar  weighing  $800,  the  pro- 
duct of  5  tons  of  rock  from  the  mine  of  Herry- 
hause  &  Co.  at  Mosquito  Gulch. 

Caved. — The  upper  tunnel  in  the  San  Bruno 
mine  at  Mosquito  Gulch  has  caved  so  badly 
that  it  will  require  several  weeks'  work  to  re- 
move the  debri$  and  repair  damages. 

Indian  Creek  Mine. — San  Andreas  Citizen, 
June  1 :  A  run  of  4  tons  of  rock  was  made  last 
week  and  cleaned  up  $600. 

Lloyd's  Lead. — At  the  "clean  up"  on  this 
claim  62  oz.  were  netted. 

Stickles  Mine. — Down  over  27a  ft.  At  260 
ft.  a  level  is  being  run,  the  rock  from  which 
pays  over  $25  to  the  ton,  mill  process. 

Dog  Town. — The  tunnel  claim  of  Carley  & 
Co.,  is  in  near  700  ft.,  and  dirt  has  been  struck 
which  paid  as  high  as  $100  to  the  pan. 

Angels  Quabtz. — Has    reached  625  ft.    At 
500  ft.  a  level  has  been  rnn,  the  ore  from  which 
is  crushed  in  a  30-stamp-mill,  paying  over  $20 
to  the  ton. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Keabsage. — Inyo  Independent,  May  25:  "With- 
in the  next  2  or  3  weeks  the   Kearsage  will  re- 
sume active  operations. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

The  Situation.— G.  V.  Union,  June  2:  The 
Idaho  is  flourishing.  In  the  Eureka  a  cross 
cut  is  being  run  from  the  fourth  level,  on  a 
northerly  course  to  strike  the  Mobile  ledge. 

The  developments  to  westward  in  the  Coe 
mine  at  the  350  ft.  level  continue  very  flatter- 
ing. 

Independence  Co.  is  driving  a  tunnel  into 
Independence  HilL 

Omega. — Fuller,  Pease  &  Co.,  cleaned  up  a 
splendid  lot  of  fine  gold  a  few  days  ago.  Tully 
&  Co.  have  commenced  to  clean  the  bed-rock. 

Mt.   Auburn  Co.— Nevada   Transcript,  May 
31:  The  Co.   propose  to   put  in  10  stamps  to 
start  with,  and  add  20  or  30  more  as  soon  as 
necessary. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Paying  Big. — Quincy  National,  May  25:  The 
Eureka  Co.  recently  shipped  $19,000,  the  re- 
sult of  16  days'  run;  with  24  stamps. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

The  Mines. — S.  D.  Bulletin,  May  25:  Defrees' 
mill  cleaned  up  last  week  $4,000  from  a  run  on 
Owen's  rock,  112  tons.  The  Stonewall  mill  is 
running  day  and  night.  Pierce  &  Beynolds' 
mill  will  start  this  week.  The  Swain  boys  are 
going  to  commence  sinking  on  the  Good  Hope 
claim,  and  we  hear  that  work  is  to  be  resumed 
on  the  old  "Washington. 
SIERRA  COUNTY. 

Pobt  "Wine. — Downieville  Messenger,  May  25: 
The  Slope  Co.  are  working  in  excellent  gravel. 

The  Union  Co.  are  working  ground  that  pros- 
pects well. 

The  Indian  Queen  Co.  are  taking  out  good 
pay  grit,  and  making  fair  wages. 
TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

Gophee  Claim. — Sonora  Independent,  June 
1:  The  rock  averages  well,  and  the  Co,  have 
just  erected  several  arastras. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Strike. — Eureka  Sentinel,  May  30:  An  impor- 
tant development  was  made  in  the  Eureka  Con. 
yesterday,  at  the  end  of  the  Lawton  tunnel.  A 
splendid  body  of  high  grade  ore,  not  previously 
known  to  exist,  was  cut. 

Hunter  Dist. — The  mines  are  very  promis- 
ing. Assays  from  the  Petersburgh  gave 
$1,140.16  silver. 

The  Home  Ticket  ledge  is.from  25  to  40  ft. 


wide,  the  ore  assaying  about  $47  per  ton.  The 
Emma  is  12  ft.  wide  and  the  ore  is  supposed  to 
be  good.  Monte  Negro  (Black  Mountain)  is  a 
ledge  4  ft.  wide,  and  the  average  assays  range 
from  $300  to  $2,000. 

Prospecting. — Just  now  prospecting  is  lively 
among  our  people,  and  the  hills  are  full  of 
men. 

"Will  Start  Up. — The  new  eteam  hoisting 
works  of  the  Phenix  Co.  will  start  up  the  pres- 
ent week. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Ely  Record,  May  26:  During  the 
past  week,  W  F  &  Co,  shipped  bullion  to  the 
amount  $122,661.08. 

Pioche. — The  Chicago  Mill  commenced  run- 
ning on  ore  from  this  mine  on  the  12th  of  the 
present  month,  and  up  to  the  22dinst.,  the  sum 
of  $23,819.32  had  been  shipped  as  the  result. 
The  5th  station  drift  is  in  220  ft.  from  the 
shaft,  with  80  feet  more  to  drive  to  cut  the 
vein. 

Chief  op  the  Hill  is  now  running  west 
drift  ahead,  which  is  in  20  ft.  the  air  being  good 
here.  About  150  tens  of  fine  ore  is  on  the 
dump. 

The  drift  in  the  Spring  Mountain  tunnel 
from  the  station  in  winze  is  in  16  ft.  Have 
just  commenced  running  a  drift  west  from  the 
same  station.  Good  ore  shows  throughout  the 
ledge  in  both  drifts. 

Setting  Sun. — Shaft  down  45  ft.  and  still 
sinking  with  2  shifts.  The  ledge  shows  well 
and  is  4  ft  wide. 

Condor. — Assays  on  ore  from  the  ledge  in 
the  lower  shaft  on  Thursday  last  go  as  high  as 
$613.21  and  five  assays  of  ore,  taken  from  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  ledge,  show  an  average  of 
$202.75. 

Amelia. — The  ledge  is  4  ft.  in  width,  carrying 
mineral  througout,  the  average  assays  from 
which  during  the  past  week  have  shown 
$105.66. 

Bowery. — Have  resumed  work  on  the  old 
ground.  Now  drifting  west  53  ft.  from  the  sur- 
face. The  north  drift  in  the  new  ground  is  in 
60  ft.  from  the  bottom  of  the  new  shaft. 

Excelsior. — Sloping  has  been  commenced. 
Assays  from  the  ledge  in  the  winze  sunk  on 
bottom  drift  show  $464.72.  The  winze  will 
be  sunk  to  100  ft.  and  a  new  level  then  opened. 

Newton  Booth. — Intend  sinking  the  shaft 
400  ft.  before  drifting  any  more. 

Freiberg  Dist. — The  Co.  owning  the  Morn- 
ing Star  have  completed  their  smelting  furnace, 
and  have  several  parties  engaged  in  burning 
charcoal.  The  main  shaft  is  down  100  ft.  at 
which  point  a  cut  was  started  across  the  ledge, 
which  was  run  25  ft.  through  ore  all  the  way, 
before  the  hanging  wall  was  struck.  In  this 
immense  deposit  of  ore,  there  is  a  very  rich 
streak  about  6  ft.  wide;  and  experienced  min- 
ers estimate  the  average  yield  of  the  whole 
lead  to  be  fully  $100  per  ton.  The  ore  is  ar- 
gentiferous galena ;  but  it  is  represented  that 
milling  ore  has  been  struck  in  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft. 

Stbike. — On  Saturday  last  the  workmen  in 
the  Newark  mine  cut  into  a  fine  body  of  ore  in 
the  bottom  of  the  winze  being  sunk  on  the 
lower  level.  The  ore  body  shows  in  the  ledge 
from  20  inches  to  two  feet  in  width,  and  speci- 
mens exhibited  to  us  show  plenty  of  chlorides 
slightly  mixed  with  good  galena. 

HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  State,  June  1: 
Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona,  since  our 
last  issue,  was  $7,270. 

Central  District. — Humboldt  Register,  May 
5 :  The  mines  are  giving  good  yields  of  ore, 
ranging  from  $50  to  $100  per  ton,  in  value. 
The  Marietta  Co.  have  made  a  rich  strike  at 
150  ft.  from  the  surface.  They  have  also  a  4  ft. 
vein  of  splendid  ore  at  the  35  ft.  level. 

REESE  RIVER. 

Freehold. — Reese  River  Reivelle,  May  25: 
McClusky  and  Brannan  have  a  shaft  down  80 
ft.  They  struck  the  lead  in  the  cross-cut  yes- 
terday. 

Saybbook. — Running  on  the  ledge  at  the  150 
ft.  east  level  and  getting  ore;  ore  also  coming  in 
from  the  110-ft.  level;  about  12  tons  on  the 
dump. 

Saratoga. — Some  of  the  very  best  of  ore  is 
steadily  coming  out. 

Iowa  Tunnel. — There  is  but  little  doubt  that 
the  old  Hubbard  ledge  has  been  tapped  by  this 
tunnel,  and  the  prospects  for  obtaining  large 
quantities  of  good  ore  from  the  several  ledges 
cut  by  the  tunnel  are  very  flattering. 

Lane  and  Fuller — Pacific  Co. — Ore  every- 
where, in  large  quantities  and  of  a  high  grade. 
Rock  is  again  being  shipped  to  the  Manhattan 
Mill  for  reduction.  The  ore  house  is  nearly 
full  and  everything looks4 prosperous.  The  mine 
never  looked  better. 

Esther. — This  mine  is  shut  down. 

Gibabd. — Stripping  the  ledge  at  the  west  level 
and  getting  good  ore. 

Grove  Tunnel. — Good  ore  coming  from  the 
end  of  the  tunnel  and  from  the  east  level  of  the 
main  incline. 

Dollarhide  Incline. — A  prospecting  drift,  or 
cross-cut,  is  being  run  for  the  ledge. 

Whitlatch  Union — Everything  looks  glo- 
riously encouraging. 

Yankee  Blade. — The  mines  all  look  well  and 
are  turning  out  considerable  quantities  of  good 
ore. 

Virginia  Shaft. — Thos.  O'Kane  is  still  get- 
ting good  ore  from  the  100-ft.  level. 

Kllng  &  Kelley. — Taking  out  2  tons  daily 
of  $300  ore. 

Ensign. — Ensign  &  Co.  are  working  the  ledge 
through  an  incline  50  ft.  deep,  and  getting  good 
ore  from  both  the  east  and  west  levels. 

Belmont — Monitor. — The  force  has  been  in- 


creased to  15  men  who  are  stoping  out  fine  ore 
from  the  140-ft.  level  below  the  tunnel  south. 

Belmont  Co. — The  first  screaeh  of  the  whistle 
of  their  new  hoisting  works  on  the  Canfield 
mine  was  given  on  Thursday.  The  machinery 
will  be  ready  in  a  few  days. 

El  Dorado. — "Workin  40  men— sinking  and 
running  level.  The  black  metal  ore-in  the  bot- 
tom of  the  incline  is  increasing.  The  240-ft, 
level  is  being  extended  south  with  fair  pros- 
pects of  cutting  the  rich  south  chimney  at  this 
depth.  Considerable  fine  sulphuret  ore  is  be- 
ing taken  out  of  of  the  lower  north  level. 

WASHOE. 

Local  Summary. — Gold  Hill  News,  June 1 : 
Savage. — They  are  stoping;  and  raising  on  the 
ore  body  on  the  1,300-ft,  level,  which  is  im- 
proving in  quality.  They  are  also  breasting 
out  on  the  ore  body  in  the  winze  on  the  1,400- 
ft.  level,  finding  as  yet  no  limit  to  the  extent. 

Sapphiee. — An  open  cut  on  the  surface  near 
the  middle  of  the  location,  has  been  run  across 
the  ledge  20  ft.,  and  has  not  yet  reached  the 
west  wall,  and  a  tunnel  has  been  driven  in  about 
60  ft.  below  the  croppings,  exposing  a  ledge  47 
ft.  in  width,  from  which  ore  has  been  taken 
that  mills  from  $8  to  $24  per  ton. 

Beecher.— Daily  yield  275  tons,  from  the 
1,100  and  1,000  ft.  levels.  The  main  incline  is 
down  380,  ft.,  or  19  ft.  below  the  1,000-ft  level. 
The  drift  west  from  the  1, 100-ft.  level,  to  inter- 
sect the  bottom  of  the  winze,  has  about  60  ft. 
further  to  go  in  order  to  reach  the  point  of  in- 
tersection. The  new  hoisting-works  machinery 
will  be  completed  and  started  up  next  week. 

Qutnn  Mine. — A  shaft  is  down  60  ft.,  which 
in  sinking  cut  through  ore  assaying  $80  per 
ton  and  drifting  is  commenced,  expecting  to 
strike  the  ledge  at  a  distance  of  abont  30  ft. 

"Woodville. — The  shaft  is  156  ft.  deep,  and 
sinking  deeper  is  being  continued.  The  mine 
is  yielding  30  tons  per  day,  which  mills  $32  per 
ton.  The  bullion  is  worth  $6  per  ounce,  con- 
taining a  large  proportion  of  gold. 

Crown  Point. — Owing  to  trouble  with  the_ 
water  tapped  at  the  1,300-ft.  level,  the  ore  yield" 
has  fallen  off  to  about  300  tons  per  day.  The 
water  drove  the  miners  out  of  the  1,300  ft.  or 
lowest  level,  and  the  pumps  proved  inadequate 
to  reduce  it. 

Imperial  Empire — The  drifts  at  the  1,650- 
ft.  level  toward  the  Imperial  and  the  Empire 
mines  respectively  are  each  in  about  75  ft.,  and 
the  indications  are  such  that  with  each  fresh 
blast  the  west  wall  of  the  ledge  is  expected  to  be 


McMeans. — The  ledge  in  the  south  tunnel  is 
looking  better  and  better  and  more  extensive 
as  further  developed,  and  assays  as  high  as  $85 
to  the  ton. 

Overman. — The  pumps  being  in,  sinking  for 
a  new  level  will  be  resumed  in  3  or  4  days. 
The  drift  for  the  ledge  at  the  1000-f  t  level  is  in 
166  ft.,  and  the  indications  are  very  favor- 
able for  running  into  a  body  of  of  ore  shortly. 

Sutbo  Tunnel,— A  little  over  2,000  ft.  in 
length,  and  penetrating  farther  west  at  a  good 
rate. 

Julia. — Shaft  816  ft.  deep  and  excellent 
progress  being  made.  It  is  passing  through  an 
extensive  ore  body,  some  of  which  assays  very 
well. 

Chollab-Potosi.  —  Daily  yield  about  170 
tons,  of  the  average  assay  value  of  $40.20.  All 
the  ore  sections  are  looking  and  yielding  well. 

Buckeye. — Daily  yield  22  tons,  of  the  assay 
value  of  $12  per  ton.  The  new  ore  develop- 
ment in  the  south  drift  at  the  100-ft.  level  is 
looking  better  than  ever. 

Silver  Hill. — Shaft  enlarged  and  thor- 
oughly retimbered  to  the  depth  of  110  ft. 

Gould  &  Curry. — Both  the  north  and  south 
drifts  on  the  1500-ft.  level  are  being  driven 
ahead  with  dispatch.  The  incline  is  down 
about  50  ft.,  and  progressing  slowly. 

Kentuck. — The  old  workings  still  continue  to 
pan  out  a  few  tons  a  day. 

Cons.  Virginia. — The  work  of  prospecting 
and  developing  at  the  500  ft.  level  still  vigor- 
ously going  on. 

Hale  &  Norcross. — The  ore  is  not  paying  or 
promising  quite  as  well. 

Caledonia. — Shaft  696  ft.  deep,  and  sinking 
deeper  at  a  satisfactory  rate.  A  drift  for  the 
ledge  at  the  400  ft.  level  has  been  started,  and 
is  being  pushed  ahead  fast. 

Justice. — "Water  reduced  sufficiently  to  al- 
low work  being  done  in  the  400  ft.  level. 

Knickerbocker. — Shaft  down  275  ft.  and 
sinking  at  the  rate  of  from  2  to  3  ft.  daily. 
Hoisting  works  rapidly  advancing  towards  com- 
pletion. 

~  Arizona  and  Utah. — Some  very  good  mill- 
ing ore  is  coming  from  the  upper  workings  ad- 
joining the  Globe,  developed  by  the  raise  from 
the  tunnel. 

Baltimore. — Shaft  sinking  at  the  rate  of  2 
ft.  a  day.  Hoisting  works  building  completed 
and  the  machinery  willl  be  ready  to  start  in  a 
few  days. 

New  York  Cons. — Shaft  sinking  at  the  rate 
of  4  ft.  a  day,  and  showing  constant  imr>rove- 
ment  in  the  ore  indications  as  further  depth  is 
attained. 

Cook  &  Geyer. — Yielding  about  40  tons  per 
day.  Plenty  of  ore  in  sight,  and  runnning  2 
mills.  It  is  gold  ore  averaging  $18  or  $20  per 
ton. 

Gold  Hill  Tunnel. — The  new  shaft  is  down 
36  ft.  in  ore  some  of  which  assays  well.  The 
work  progresses  satisfactorily. 

Sierra  Nevada. — Daily  yield  about  50  tons, 
from  the  lower  workings,  keeping  the  Co's. 
mill  steadily  running. 

Occidental. — Main  shaft  at  the  600  ft.  level 
being  still  driven  north  in  the  ore  vein  at  a 
satisfactory  rate. 


Daney. — Shaft  down  550  ft.  Drifting  at  the 
500  ft.  level  progressing  well  with  good  pros- 
pects. 

.  Jacob  Little. — This  mine,  on  Cedar  Hill,  is 
yielding  some  very  good  ore  at  present. 

After  Ore. — Virginia  Enterprise:  Workmen 
are  engaged  at  the  old  dumps  of  the  Imperial, 
Bacon  and  Empire,  atthe  upper  end  of  Main  st., 
Gold  Hill,  in  cleaning  up  and  saving  the  ore 
which  in  former  times  was  wasted  by  falling 
from  the  cars  and  chutes. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines, — Mammoth.— The  ore 
croppings  have  been  traced  for  over  500  ft.  At 
present  the  whole  force  of  men  is  at  work  in  the 
open -cut,  breasting  out  in  ore  that  assays  from 
$25  to  $150  to  the  ton  in  silver,  and  $5  to  $10 
in  gold.  The  ore  on  the  dump,  when  assorted, 
will  amount  to  about  500  tons. 

Nobth  Aurora. — The  De  Pass  chamber, 
north  of  the  Ridsdale  chamber,  promises  from 
present  appearances  to  be  the  most  extensive 
body  of  ore  ever  found  on  Treasure  Hill.  The 
ore  in  the  southeast  chamber  leading  from 
Lady's  chamber  is  improving.  Connection  is 
made  with  the  winze  of  the  Phillpott's  chamber. 

Beecher  Con.  M.  &  M.  Co. — There  is  a  large 
amount  of  ore  piled  back  in  the  Beecher, 
which  will  be  hoisted  soon  and  shipped  to  mill. 
There  is  a  marked  improvement  in  the  Anchor 
incline  since  last  review. 

Gen.  Lee.' — Running  drift  east  on  spar  seam. 
Extracting  ore  and  piling  on  the  dump. 

East  Sheboygan. — There  is  a  large  amount  of 
ore  on  the  dumps. 

Copper  Glance. — The  face  of  the  drift  has 
opened  into  ore  of  good  quality,  with  every  ap- 
pearance of  being  a  large  body. 

South  Aurora. — Running  drift  from  big  cut 
to  strike  the  ore  channel. 

Iceberg. — Logan  and  others  leased  the  ground 
recently,  and  have  made  a  strike  of  rich  ore, 
which  promises  to  hold  out. 

Eberhardt. — Breasting  out  west  from  the 
Keyestone  shaft,  and  running  out  ore  to  No.  15 
station.  The  ore  in  sight  is  of  a  high  grade, 
but  limited  in  quantity. 

"Ward  Beecher.— Working  for  an  opening. 
Will  commence  breasting  out  and  hoisting  to 
the  surface  about  the  middle  of  next  week. 

Noonday. — Breasting  out  as  usual,  with  a 
force  of  7  men.  Width  of  ledge  will  average  6 
ft.  Assorting  the  dumps,  and  will  ship  to  mill 
next  month. 

Outside  Dists. — Stirling. — A  shaft  is  down, 
and  a  body  of  ore  developed  in  the  50-ft.  level, 
which  assays  $65  to  $90  the  ton.  At  110  ft. 
down  the  ledge  has  widened  and  quality  of  ore 
much  improved. 

Arizona. 

Mines  and  Mining. — Prescott  Miner,  May 
18: 

The  mines  of  the  Benjamin'series  look  very 
promising. 

Bradshaw  District.' — The  new  shaft  on  the 
discovery  location  of  the  Tiger,  is  sunk  50ft. ;  the 
vein  in  said  shaft  is  exceedingly  good. 

The  shaft  on  the  Benton  is  down  about  40 
ft.,  at  which  depth  there  is  an  immense  pile  of 
very  rich  ore. 

Mr.  Linn  has  just  returned  from  visiting  the 
Del  Pasco  mill  and  mine,  of  which  he  speaks 
very  favorably. 

From  Wickenburg,  the  news')  is  that  Bill 
Smith's  workmen  have  "struck"  water,  near 
the  Vulture  mine, 

The  news  from  Wallapai,  is  in  effect  that 
every  confidence  was  felt  in  mines  and  fur- 
naces. 

Placer  miners  near  Prescott  are  doing  well. 

Colorado. 

Shipments. — Colorado  Miner,  May  23:  Hall 
&  Co.  have  crushed,  sampled  and  sacked,  since 
last  report,  45,550  lbs.  of  ore. 

Bailey  &  Nott  have  sent  forward,  during  the 
week,  96,072  lbs.  of  ore. 

Campbell  &  Clark  have  forwarded  8,141  lbs. 
of  ore. 

Items.— The  Bagley  &  West  works  at  Golden 
approach  completion .  They  will  be  in  oper- 
ation in  about  3  weeks.  Capacity,  10  tons  per 
day. 

The  Judd  &  Co's.  works,  the  amalgamating 
room  is  up,  and  the  roof  going  on.  Work  is 
going  forward  at  a  rapid  rate  in  every  direction. 

Work  is  going  forward  under  high  pressure  at 
the  Stewart  mill.  The  Arey  furnace  building 
is  up  and  inclosed.  The  frames  for  the  pans 
and  settlers  are  in  place. 

The  Hiawatha  tunnel  is  in  415  ft.,  with  fair 
prospects  of  soon  striking  a  vein  of  mineral. 
The  Wagoner  tunnel  is  in  330  ft.,  and  is  look- 
ing very  encouraging. 

Pelican. — One  of  the  tunnels,  now  nearly  to 
the  lode,  will  strike  the  vein  of  100  ft.  below 
the  present  depth.  The  other,  1,000  ft.  in 
length,  will  cut  the  crevice  300  ft.  lower  still. 

The  Springs. — Mr.  Gray  will  have  his  assay 
furnace  in  full  blast  in  a  few  days.  He  proposes, 
with  the  increase  of  business,  to  add  crushing 
and  sampling,  and  eventually,  concentration 
works. 

To  the  Thaekara  mill  is  to  be  added  a  blast 
furnace  for  smelting  ores. 

The  Whale  mill  has  been  sold  to  English 
parties,  who  propose  to  erect  smelting  works. 

The  Sheldon  Jackson  lode,  Virginia  canon,  is 
turning  out  big.  Some  6  tons  of  ore  were  taken 
out  in  2  or  3  days,  which  runs  100  ozs.,  silver, 
and  from  40  to  50  per  cent,  of  galena  per  ton. 

Chicago  Creek  mines  are  promising  better 
than  ever. 

Mills.— Central  Herald,  May  21st:  The 
Leavitt  mine  is  supplying  ore  for  80  stamps, 
ranking  next  to  the  Kansas  lode  in  its  yield  of 
gold. 


• 


June  8,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


357 


Several  mills  have  recently  been  put  in  oper- 
ation in  Black  Hawk.  Wheeler  k  Sullivan  are 
running  their  25  stamp  mill  on  the  Kansas  ore. 
B.  S.  Buell  is  running  40  stamps  at  the  New 
York  mill,  und  will  soon  have  the  remaining  15 
at  work.  Norton's  mill  <23  stamps)  is  running 
on  Kent  Co.  ore  for  Nichols,  Fisher  ft  Co. 
There  is  talk  of  the  Hurd  mill  being  leased. 
The  Black  Hawk,  Mellov  A  Uorum,  Polar 
Star,  Lake,  Sensenderfer,  Smith  &  Parmelee 
and  Kimber  &.  FulltrUu  mills,  pound  away 
without  ceasing. 

In  Nevada  some  half  a  dozen  mills  are  run- 
ning. Below  East  Nevada,  Hue  and  Bates  & 
Son  have  been  running  their  mills  for  several 
weeks. 

Idaho. 

Local  Bkcord.— Owvhe.-  Avolanche,  Maj  'S>: 
Mahogany.— This  mine  is  turning  out  splendid 
ore,  sufficient  to  keep  the  South  Chariot  mill 
pounding  away.  Now  sinking  a  winze  south 
uf  the  shaft  and  below  the  5th  level.  The  ore 
m  the  winze  is  first  class.  The  ledge  also  oon- 
tinues  good  iu  the  5th  level  both  north  and 
south. 

Sucth  Ohakiot.-  The  shaft  is  through  to 
the  1th  level.  The  timber  and  lining  will  be  all 
into  No  1  i:i  iu  a  day  or  two.  It  has  also  suuk 
M5  ft.  below  No.  I,  ami  will  be  timbered  the 
coming  week, 

Minnksota.  —The  ore-house  is  full,  and  prep- 
aration is  being  made  to  let  out  on  the  ground 
so  that  more  can  be  put  iu. 

EVFXBt.-  The  shaft  and  winze  art.-  being  sunk 
fast,  and  grading  has  commenced  on  the  sur- 
face for  the  hoisting  wnrks  which  are  on  the 
way  up.  They  have  a  magnificent  looking 
ledge  in  the  winze. 

New  Dihcoybby,— Xiafit  week  Charley  Bruu- 
zert  discovered  a  quartz  ledge  about  300  ft.  be- 
low Brunzell's  Hotel  at  Boone ville.  The  vein 
is  well  defined  and  one  and  a  half  ft.  in 
width. 

PULCKB  Mixtnvi.— Placer  mining  is  in  full 
Mast,  with  the  prospect  of  a  much  larger  yield 
of  gold  dust  thau  for  several  years  past. 

Montana. 

Thk  Park  Minks.— Helena  IkmUl,  May  25: 
50  miners  can  find  immediate  employment  on 
the  Park,  at  $-4  per  day. 

Big  Nugget. — Perry  Thoroughman  brought 
to  the  city  yesterday  a  very  fine  gold  nugget, 
weighing  over  20  ozs.,  taken  from  his  mine  on 
Scratch  Gravel  Bar,  near  the  Pair  Grounds. 
Its  value  iu  gold  coin  is  a  little  over  $400. 

Utah. 

Pioneke  Mill.— S.  L.  Tribune,  May  27: 
The  mill  and  furnace  are  running  steadily — 
conveyors  working  splendidly. 

Bullion  City'. — Hesse  &  Hawley  are  working 
the  Great  Western  with  good  prospects,  their 
tunnel  being  in  some  50  ft.  Acord  and  Me- 
Lauren  are  engaged  on  the  Springtown  and 
are  obtaining  beautiful  ore,  being  in  about  30 
ft.,  and  having  gone  20  ft.  through  vein  matter. 
Hamilton  and  Acord  are  working  the  Belcher 
mine  close  to  Springtown,  taking  out  good 
ore. 

Camp  Floyd. — Cor.  same:  "Work  on  the 
Sparrow  Hawk  is  steadily  progressing,  with  a 
force  of  over  100  men,  taking  out  excellent  ore. 
On  the  Silver  Circle  I  find  about  25  men  at 
work,  who  are  daily  increasing  the  large  dumps 
of  rich  ore.  The  Hidden  Hand,  west  of  the 
Eclipse,  and  the  Identical  and  Western  World, 
opposite  the  Silver  Circle,  are  coming  out 
finely,  and  are  being  developed  by  their  own- 
ers, who  are  practical  miners.  The  claims  on 
Colorado  Gulch,  among  them  the  Washington, 
Enterprise,  Gen.  Lowe  and  Rattlesnake,  are 
undergoing  thorough  development  with  full 
force. 

Ophir. — Cor.  same:  The  Rambler  on  the 
north  side  of  Ophir  Hill  6hows  a  splendid  body 
of  carbonate,  oxide,  and  sulphuret  of  lead  ore, 
about  8  ft.  wide. 

Black  Jack  Canon.— Cor.  same :  A  tunnel 
is  in  60  ft.,  that  will  tap  the  ledge — when  com- 
pleted—at the  depth  of  170  ft.  Three  shifts 
working. 

At  the  Idaho  a  new  tunnel  is  in  50  ft.  that 
will  tap  the  ledge  at  the  depth  of  170  ft.  Two 
shifts  working. 

Prominent  among  the  many  good  locations 
that  are  being  worked,  are  the  Ellsworth,  Bee- 
bee,  Alhambra.  Pride  of  the  West,  Judge  Mc- 
Kean,  Old  Photographer,  and  Alpha. 

In  the  Lucky  Boy  they  have  tapped  the  dis- 
covery shaft  at  the  depth  of  71  ft.,  and  are 
taking  out  chloride  in  abundance. 


M  ining  Discoveries. — A  rich  gold  discovery 
has  recently  been  made  in  Skookum  Gulch, 
Beep  Creek,  about  12  miles  from  Diamond 
City,  Montana.  The  Helena  Herald  says  it  is 
reported  that  $2.50  to  the  pan  has  been  obtained 
by  prospectors. 

A  large  ledge,  assays  from  which  average  30 
per  cent  copper  and  from  ©40  to  $140  in  silver  has 
been  found  in  the  mountains  to  the  eastward  of 
Home  Mountain  by  Jos.  Organ  and  J.  C.  Kin- 
kead.    So  says  the  Unionville  Silver  State. 

Rtjst — Wheat  in  spots  begin  to  show 
rust,  but  we  hear  of  none  that  is  yet 
thought  to  be  seriously  affected.  There  is 
time  enough  however,  for  it  to  extend  and 
work  a  good  deal  of  injury,  though  we 
hope  to  escape  any  such  disaster,  says  the 
Contra  Oosta  Gazette. 


[Continued  from  page  353! . 

a  lathe,  the  leather  should  be  placed  in  a 
split  chuck,  and  carefully  trimmed,  finally 
coated  with  tallow  and  French  chalk,  as 
previously  stated. 

For  making  cap  leather,  the  form  of  die 
should  be  used  as  shown  in  fig.  2.  The 
plunger  die  C,  should  be  forced  from  the 
centre  as  before,  by  a  pressure  applied  to 
the  top.  The  centre  piece.  A,  is  requisite 
for  facilitating  the  removal  of  the  leather 
from  the  die,  B.  It  is  necessary  to  make 
the  die,  C,  with  a  bell,  guide  C,  to  keep  a 
perfect  central  position  with  B.  When 
the  leather  has  set,  the  die,  C,  is  to  be  re- 
moved, and  the  leathers  to  be  pared  off 
level.  It  should  of  course,  when  practi- 
cable, be  finished  in  a  lathe,  and  always 
finished  by  dressing  with  French  chalk  and 
tallow  as  above. 

In  constructing  hat  leathers,  the  arrange- 
ment of  dies  necessary,  is  shown  in  fig.  3. 
The  outer-die  with  its  central  piece,  will  be 
easily  understood  from  the  description  of 
the  other  figures.  The  leather  is  in  this 
oase  laid  with  the  grain  upwards,  while  in 
the  other  case  it  is  downwards.  In  order 
to  form  a  flat  brim  to  the  leather,  the  hold- 
ing down  cap,  D,  is  provided  with  a  screw 
as  shown  in  the  die,  B.  It  must  not  hold 
the  leather  too  tight,  otherwise  the  ram,  C, 
will  burst  the  centre  of  the  dise.  The  upper 
part  of  /,  should  form  the  guide  of  the  rams, 
O.  After  the  leather  is  set,  it  should  be 
dressed  around  the  edge;  the  crown  should 
be  cut  out  FF,  as  at  the  lines.  Both  these 
trimmings  are  however  done  in  the  lathe 
with  better  satisfaction,  and  cannot  fail  in 
their  requirements.  Let  it  be  understood 
that  no  sticky  material  is  to  be  used  until 
ready  for  use,  otherwise  they  will  collect 
dust,  which  is  above  all  to  be  avoided. 

Having  constructed  our  leather  or  pack- 
ing, next  is  the  insertion.  Usually  the 
leather  is  forced  through  a  smaller  die 
than  its  own,  into  a  recess  suited  for  noth- 
ing so  well  as  its  own  speedy  destruction. 
The  corner  of  the  recess  being  square,  the 
pressure  is  admitted  and  the  leather  forced 
into  that  shape.  The  result  is  that  instead 
of  wearing  evenly  and  equally  it  soon  cuts 
through  at  the  sharp  corners  produced. 
This  is  wrong.  The  proper  way  to  insert 
a  leather  is  by  a  ring,  following  close  up 
on  the  top  of  the  leather,  and  constructed 
to  the  formation  of  the  leather  as  shown 
in  Fig.  4.  Here  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
leather  is  not  passed  through  any  diameter 
less  than  its  own.  At  I^is  inserted  a  close 
fitting  ring  of  metal,  shaped  to  receive  the 
formation  of  the  leather,  being  its  bed. 
Thus  the  leather  will  preserve  its  proper 
shape.  No  sharp  corner  is  produced,  and 
therefore  the  leathers  wear  gradual  and 
evenly,  in  place  of   splitting  or  tearing. 

So  far  I  have  spoken  of  joints  suitable 
for  pressures,  as  pumps,  presses  and  accu- 
mulators. In  each  of  these  cases,  a  slid- 
ing motion  through  the  joints,  in  pipes, 
etc.,  where  there  iB  no  such  motion  to  be 
provided  for.  These  joints  are  usually 
made  by  screwing  up  discs  of  leather  or 
lead  between  the  glands  or  flanges.  The 
surfaces  should  have  slight  grooves  turned 
in  them;  small  lengths  of  copper  or  brass 
tubes  can  be  inserted  where  the  joints  are 
likely  to  be  forced  into  the  pipe.  In  all 
cases  when  long  lengths  of  pipes  are  used, 
expansive  joints  should  be  employed. 
These  joints  should  be  constructed  on  the 
French  plan,  with  flanges  held  together 
by  bolts,  etc.  Between  the  flanges  thick 
rubber  should  be  placed  to  allow  of  ex- 
pansion and  contraction  of  the  pipes. 

These  joints  should  be  made  water  tight 
by  a  cup  leather  (on  the  spigot  and 
filled  inside  the  faucet)  after  this  con- 
struction as  shown  in  Fig.  5.  The  ring  of 
metal  Y  may,  when  numbers  of  them  have 
to  be  made,  be  produced  by  a  pair  of  tools 
in  a  press,  a  soft  metal  being  sufficient 
for  the  purpose.  R  E  are  rubber  washers, 
and  S  a  loose  flange.  It  will  be  seen  that 
the  rubber  between  the  spigot  and  faucet 
allow  for  any  compression  on  the  joints, 
while  the  other  rubbers  allow  any  stretch- 
ingaction.  These  joints  are  easily  made,  aB 
they  are  simple  lathe  work,  and  where 
any  quantity  is  required,  they  can  be  very 
rapidly  bored  and  turned  with  special 
tools.  No  trouble  will  occur  with  a  series 
of  joints  properly  relieved  in  this  manner. 
I  have  here  indioated,  in  detail,  a  correct 
method  of  constructing  hydraulio  joints. 
Nothing  here  specified  is  at  all  superfluous 
if  a  good  job  is  to  be  made. 

The  May  receipts  from  the  Raymond  & 
Ely  mine  amounted  to  $10,836   per  day. 


San  Francisco    Stock    and    Exchange 
Board. 

Thdbsday,  June  6. 

The  sales  at  the  Stock  Board  for  the  week 
ending  29th  ult.,  amounted  to  $3,142,600. 
The  sum  of  $120,000  was  received  from  the 
Meadow  Valley  mine  for  the  month  of  May. 
The  Eureka  Consolidated  Company  crushed 
1,200  tons  of  ore  last  month,  and  have830  tons 
ready  for  the  mills.  The  Pioche  mine  turned 
out  100  tons  of  ore  averaging  $224  per  ton. 
The  bullion  shipment  on  the  31st  ult.  was  811,- 
062.  The  Crown  Point  mine  turned  out,  last 
week,  2,200  tons  of  ore,  valued  at  875,000;  the 
Chollar  Potosi,  1,000  tons,  assaying  S39.20; 
the  Buckeye  mine,  155  tons,  assaying  from  $22 
to  $204  per  ton;  the  Savage,  1,300  tons,  assay- 
ing $27.'J1;  and  the  Hale  &.  Norcross  400  tons, 
with  1,1)00  tons  on  the  dump.  The  Keutuck 
crushed  1,300  tons  of  ore  averaging  $23  per 
ton.  The  dividend  of  the  Raymond  &  Ely 
mine  for  June — $7  per  share— aggregates  $210,- 
000.  The  Belcher  dividend  for  this  mouth,  of 
$30,  amounts  to  $312,000.  The  Crown  Point 
dividend  of  $3,  aggregates  $300,000.  This 
reduction  is  due  to  the  interruption  of  work  in 
the  mines  by  water. 

Stooks  have  been  rather  depressed  this  week. 
On  Friday  the  demand  was  very  quiet,  and 
prices  were  low.  On  Saturday  they  were  again 
heavy  and  all  descriptions  were  lower.  Mon- 
day prices  were  lower  than  they  have  been  for 
some  time,  and  business  at  the  Board  was  very 
fight.  Tuesday  there  was  a  still  further  decline, 
and  evidently  touched  bottom,  for  that  after- 
noon and  Wednesday  there  was  considerable- 
advance  and  more  business.  To-day  the  mar- 
ket was  still  better  and  most  everything  Bhowed 
an  advance. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline. -S.  P.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

.  May  30.      HiglteM.    Lomait.    June  ti.     Ado.  Do. 
68  30  53  2 

16:li 


Alpha S  75 

American  Flag..  16.^ 

Belcher 900 

Buckeye 5 

Obollar-Potosi..  100 

Caledonia  55 

Cons.  Virginia. . .    24)£ 
Crown  Point....    — 

Daney 3J£ 

Eureka  Coub. ...  29^ 

Kureka — 

Exchequer 23 

Gould  AOurry..230 
Golden  Chariot..  11 
Hale  &  NororoBB.  96 

Ida  Elmore — 

Imperial 220 

Keutuck 330 

Mammoth 1^ 

Meadow  Valley..  15>^ 

Mahogany 26 

Ophir 39 

Orig.  Hid.  Treae.  14 

Overman 80 

Piocbe lStf 

Raymond  4Ely.l32>5 


,.226 


5 

100 
55 


3« 
293J 


220 
330 
VA 
MM 

26 

39 

14 

811 

IISK 

132>4 


14->4 

650 

3 

76 


28 

14 
125 
10 
50 
15 
190 
160 

,J* 

17 

21 


850 

Hi 
102 '3 
45 


3« 
2K 


22« 
131 
3M 


18* 

270 

IX 
16 
21 
37 


111 


10K        12  - 


Sierra  Nevada. . 

Succor o?!i 

Wash,  t  Creole..    5^, 
Yellow  Jacket.  ..135  1 

Justice  16 

Seg.  Belcher....  82M 

Latest  Prices 


225 
21 


14 

4* 


72 
14K 
122 
170 
10 
5 


-    A 


-Bid  arid  Asked. 


BID.  ASKED. 


Alpha  Cons. 

Amador. — 

Belcher 880 

Chollar-Potosi..     Ift2^ 
drown  Point....    128 

Danev 3 

28^ 


58 


Eureka  Cons.... 

Eareka 

Golden  Chariot.      — 
Gould  A  Curry.     172*sJ 
Hale  A  NororoBB     74 


15'£ 


tda  Elmore 

Imperial 

Keutuck 

Meadow  Valley. 

Ophir ;jii';> 

Orig.  Hid.  Treae    11H 

Overman 70 

Savage 16TM 

Raymond  £  Ely.  109 
Sierra  Nevada. . .  18 
Yellow  Jaoket. . .  121 


BID.   ASKED. 
.      18  18>£ 

,.      7%       8 


Leather  Market  Report. 

[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  st.) 
Sak  Fbanoisco,  Thursday,  June  6, 1872. 

Sole  Leather— The  demand  is  good,  with  an  advance  in 
Eastern  market,  which  will  probably  aoon  be  feit  here. 

City  Tanned  Leather,  f>  lb 26@2b 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  m  lb 2fi@2B 

Country  Leather,  »  lb 25@>28 

Stockton  Leal  her,  ^  lb 26@29 

French  skins  are  firmer  with  an  advance  in  some  grades. 
Heavy  California  skiDB  are  Ann,  with  an  upward  tendency. 

Jodot,  8  Kil..  perdoz *«0  00W 

Jodot  11  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz 72  00®  90  0(1 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ft  doz. 60  00®  76  0(1 

Lemoine,  16  to  18  Kil  ,  ft  doz  7fl  00@  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  00@  70  00 

Uornellian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00® 

Comellian.  12  to  14  Kil..  per  doz 60  00@  68  00 

OgerauC'aif,  ft  doz . M  00® 

Simon,  IB  KflJB  doz  KW 

Simon,  20  Kil.  *  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24K.il.  ft  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil M  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  ft  lb , 1  '0®    1  30 

California  Kip,*  doz 60  00to80  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  ft  doz 15  00 

EasternCalf  for  Backs,  ft  lb 1  1S@    1  2f 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  oolorB,  ft  doz. ...    9  00®  U  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  LinirigB,%  doz 5  50®  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 4  50®    5  00 

FrenohCalf  Boot  Legs,  *  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ft  fl> 30®    Zl% 

Fair  Bridla  Leather,  <B  doz 48  00®  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  *  ft nn  34®    37fe 

Welt  Leather,  «  doz 30  00®  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  m  foot 18®       21 

"Wax  Side  Leather.*  foot 20®       22 


Califoenia  Caulifloweks.  —  Four  cases  of 
cauliflowers,  through  in  seven  days  from  the 
stalks,  were  recently  received  in  New  York 
from  Sacramento,  California.  The  cases  were 
packed  each  with  eight  dozen  head,  wrapped 
in  paper,  and  the  freight  alone  of  the  consig- 
ment  amounted  to  $68.  This  is  the  first  lot 
of  California  caulinowars  received  in  eastern 
cities,  and  was  sent  as  a  sample  to  ascertain 
whether  purchasers  could  be  obtained  and  a 
market  established  for  these  and  similar  eariy 
vegetables. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Direotory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  In  the  Soiem- 
ttfio  Pbess  and  other  San  Francisco  Journals. ] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
nastf,  location,  amount  amd  dat  dat 

Date  of  assessment.  delinquent,    of  sale 

AllonliHin  Cniiwtillduttd.Cal.  Ap.  20,  25i\Juiu:  3-June  24* 
Balto.M.Co. .Storey  Co..N©v..Ap'l  30,$l.Juno  5— Juno  28 
CttCQdc  Blue  G.  M.  Co.  Cal,  May  15,  20c.Juno  18— July  9 
Crown  Point  R.  8.  M.  Co..  May  a,  £5.  ..June  20— July  20 

EaRk'QuU'ksilvet.May  8,  $40 Julv  11— July  16* 

El  Dorado  M.  Co.,  en)..  M»v  18,  95c June  lft— July  10 

Gen.  LeeS.M.  Co.,  W.  Pine,  Ap'l  27.10c.  .June  11— July  2 
Golden  Chariot.  Many  T.,  April  12,  * l. «).  May  22-Jnne  18 
Hid.  TrenH,  M.  Co.,  W.  P..  Mnyll,  lit.-... June  17— July  H 
Hld.Trea«.Cons.M.Co..W.P.,May  11,  10c. ,June)7— July  8 
Huhn  &  Hunt,  Ely  DM.,  May  29,  60  ets..July  5 — inly  2t» 
Ida  Elmore  M.  Co.,  Idaha.May  24,  $3..  June  29-— July  27 
Impprlatrlce  Eugenie,  Cal.,  April  20, 25c.  June  2— J  urn-  17 
Independent  G.M  Co.,  Cal.,May  l<V"0c,Jmio  2.'— July  12 

IuRomnr,  Ely  Dint.,  June  0,  2fic Jul*  IS    Au^uist  9 

Julia  ii.  a;  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  22,  $5.M«v  26— June  IS 

Justice  M.  Oo.  Storey  Co.  Nev.,  $1 June  24— July  lfi 

Elncfiid  Flat.  Cal..  April  28,  |8 May  27— June  J 7* 

Knickerbocker,  Nov.,  May  3D,  fl filly S— July  28 

Lemon  M.  and  M.  Co.,  Eureka,  Apr  I,  Sl.Ma'y  7-Jun'e  12 
Lord  Byron G.&8.M. Co., Nev..Apr  2'.>,2.".c.  June  3-June22 
LoulBe  M.  Co.,  Nevada.  April  C,  10c.  ...May  14    Juno  10 

Lemon  M.  k  M.Co  ,  Nev.,  Muy  29.  $1 July  6— Aug. 10 

Lyon*  A:  Wheeler  Co.,  A.  T.,  April  (J,  10c.  May  ir-Juno  8» 
Lyon  fc  Wheeler  Arizona, May  18,10c.  ..Juno  24 — July  16* 
HognoUs  s   m.  Co.,  Nov.,  April  22,  26o.]fay  26 — June  20 

Miua  Rica  M,  Co.,  Mav  8,  90c I  mi*  In— July  1* 

Minu.G.&S.  M.Co. ,1.T.. May  12,  *l.r>0.Jvne  22— July  20 

Ohio  Cons.  M.  Co.  Cai.,  Mav  21,  10c Junp20— July  20 

Ophir  S.  M.  Co.,  Nev.,  April  17,  15 May  22— Juno  13 

Pacific  Dorax  Co.,  Nevada,  May  4.  2(H)/..  June  ('■ — June  29 

Page  iPanaca,  Nev.  April  12,60c May  20— June  15 

Pea  Vm.'S, M.Co. .Ely  DiBt.,Moyl4.20c..Jiiuu  20— July  12 
Pienuont  M.  &  M.  Co.,  April  l'o,  lOe. .  .Mav  20— June  10* 
Pride  of  Mt.M.Co.  Nev.,  May  7, 25c. .June  17— July  io 
RiBingStarS.  M.  Co  ,  Idaho,  Ap'l 27, $1.  .June  1— June  20 

ftoxby,  Gold  Hill,  June  3,  60c July  0— July  27 

3.F.  M.  Co.,  Utah  Ter.,  April  13,  25c... Mey  16— Jut.eS* 
Silver  Sprout  M.Co.,  Cal., April  29,  50c. June  1— June  22* 
Silver  Wave,  W.  P  ,  Nev.  Apr.  10,  60c. May  14-— June  13* 
Spring  Mt.  Tunnel  Oo. .April  11,  16c. .  .May  20— June  10* 

Sumner,  Kern  Co.,  April  11,  $10 May  22— June  21 

rccumsoh  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  24,  $5. . .  May  29— June  17* 

anion  G.  M.  Co..  Cal.,  May  20.  $2.50 June  22- July  9* 

Washington  M.  Co.,  May  8,  $3 June  11 -Juno  29* 

Wabh.A  Creole  M.  Co. .Nov., May  13.74c. .June  20—  July  17 

Woodland  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  May  21, 12k-c.June  25— July  lfi* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Alafeka  Consolidated  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  8 

Adriatic  G.  &  8.  M.Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Alpha  Consolidated  M  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  17 

AltonaNo.  1  Gravel  M.Co Annual  Meeting,  July  6 

Belcher  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  25 

Chapman  M.  and  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  13 

Del  Key  S.  M.  Co BpeC-ial  Meeting.  June  10 

Empire  M.  &  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  8 

Empire  M.  &  M.Co Snecial  Meeting,  June  10 

Empire  M.Co Special  Meeting,  June  17 

Hidden  Treasure  Consolidated. Annual  Meeting,  June  17 

Independent  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  14 

Independent  Coal  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  17 

Julia  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  17 

Kontuck  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  10 

Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  18 

Providence  G.  &  S.M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June 20 

Schell  Creek  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  11 

Silver  Sprout  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  3* 

Tecumseh  G.  S.  and  C.  C Special  Meeting,  Junw  12* 

William  Penn  Cons.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  15 

Yankee  Boy  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  6 

Woodland  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  17 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS—  (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher  M.  Co.,  $30 Payable  May  10 

Belcher,  $30 Payable  June  10 

Blake  Diamond  Coal  Co.,  H  per  cent. . .  Payable  May  29 

Crown  Point  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  $3 Payable  June  12 

Eastport.  Coose  Bay,  Coal  M.  Co.,  $5.00.  .Payable  May  13 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  U 

Keystone  M.  Co,.  $7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  "Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.00 Payable  May  15 

Uorth  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  0 

Raymond  &  Ely  M .  Co „  $7 Payable  June  10 

.*Advertised  in  this  Journal. 


Favorable  Weather. 


The  last  three  weeks  have  been  most  favora- 
ble for  the  grain  crops  of  the  State.  But  one 
day,  of  north  wind  has  been  experienced  in  that 
time  and  the  weather  has  been  uninterruptedly 
cool  and  favorable.  The  result  will  be  that 
millions  of  bushels  of  grain  will  be  gathered  in 
the  State  more  than  would  have  been  with  a 
continuance  of  the  weather  we  experienced  dur- 
ing the  previous  period  of  three  weeks.  The 
rain  of  last  week,  while  it  did  but  very  little 
damage  to  the  hay  that  had  been  cut,  for  the 
reason  that  it  was  followed  with  a  day  or  two 
of  cloudy  weather,  will  prove  of  immense  value 
to  the  grain  crops,  and  if  we  are  favored  with  a 
continuance  of  like  favorable  weather  for  "a 
week  or  two  longer  the  wheat  and  barley  crop 
of  1872  will  be  the  largest  and  best  ever  har- 
vested in  the  State  and  will  place  our  farmers 
in  easy  circumstances  generally. 

Increasing; — Travel  to  the  Yosemite  is 
steadily  on  the  increase,  and  the  probabil- 
ity is  that,  with  the  improved  traveling  fa- 
cilities afforded  this  year  over  any  previ- 
ous one,  more  people  will  visit  this  famous 
resort  this  season  than  at  any  time  since  it 
became  a  place  of  public  resort.  The 
Merced  river  is  higher  at  present  than  has 
ever  been  known  at  this  season  of  the  year, 
and  those  who  wish  to  Bee  the  falls  in  their 
greatest  grandeur  should  not  defer  their 
visit  much  longer,  as  when  the  river  be- 
comes low  the  valley  is  less  attractive. 
People. 

Ice  Machines. — Messrs.  GL  &  J.,  of  Hot 
Creek,  Nevada,  are  informed  that  there  are  no 
ice-making  machines  in  use,  made  or  sold  in 
San  Francisco;  nor  do  we  know  of  any  we  can 
recommend.  Ice-making,  like  sugar  from  beets, 
requires  extensive  and  costly  machinery  to 
manufacture  the  article  profitably. 


358 


SCIENTIFIC^  PRESSi 


[June  8,  1872. 


The  Eberhardt  and  Aurora- 
it  is  unfortunate  that  ■  such  a  difference  of 
opinion  should  have  arisen  in  the  management 
of  this  mine,  as  has  existed  for  the  past  few 
months.  The  retirement  of  Mr.  Kidsdale  from 
the  position  of  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Di- 
rectors,  was  no  doubt,  a  serious  misfortune— as 
is  freely  admitted  on  all  sides— and  it  is,  per- 
haps, equally  unfortunate  that  such  a  persist- 
ent controversy,  should  be  kept  up,  as  has  ex- 
isted since  that  gentlemans*  retirement.  "While 
we  have  no  dispositon  to  take  any  part  in  this 
unhappy  difference,  we  have  thought  it  might 
be  interesting  and  instructive  to  many  of  our 
readers  to  peruse  the  following  letter  from  Mr. 
Ridsdale,  written  for  private  circulation  among 
the  stockholders,  but,  which  has  found  its  way 
into  the  columns  of  the  London  Mining  World. 
In  his  preliminary  remarks,  Mr.  B.  observes:— 
"When  I  left  your  board,  the  proportion  of 
silver  extracted  at  your  mills  from  the  crushed 
ore,  or  pulp,  was  only  65  per  cent,  of  the  assay 
value  of  that  pulp,  the  percentage  having  gradu- 
ally fallen  from  85  per  cent,  (which  was  ob- 
tained under  Mr.  George  Atwood's  manage- 
m  ent) ,  to  that  low  and  disastrous  figure ;  and  as 
the  extraction  of  the  bullion  is  of  far  more  im- 
portance than  the  mere  indication  of  its  exist- 
ence by  the  pulp  assays,  because  if  it  is  not  got 
out  you  get  no  dividend,  I  purpose  to  examine 
the  process  pursued  at  your  International  Mill 
in  detail ;  then  to'  examine  that  pursued  at  the 
Stanford  Mill,  compare  (he  two,  and  make  sun- 
dry suggestions  therefrom  for  the  better  ex- 
traction of  your  bullion  for  the  future.  I  will 
begin  with  the  ore  after  it  has  been  crushed  in 
the  battery,  and  passed  through  the  sieves 
when  it  is  termed  pulp." 

Process  at  International  Mill. 
About  2,300  lbs.  ef  pulp,  with  water  enough 
added  to  keep  it  in  a  tolerably  thick  condition, 
is  charged  into  each  pan;  one  per  cent,  of  salt, 
or  about  25  lbs.,  is  then  added,  with  two  ounces 
of  sulphuric  acid  and  from  one-half  to  one 
pound  weight  of  sulphate  of  copper.  (The 
temperature  of  the  pulp  should  be  about  160 
deg.  Fah.;  thisis  maintained  by  the  introduction 
of  steam  into  the  false  bottoms  underneath  the 
pans).  The  mullers  are  kept  down  and  the 
pans  grind  for  three  hours;  at  the  end  of  this 
time  about  150  to  200  lbs.  of  mercury  are  ad- 
ded; grinding  goes  on  thenfor  three  hours  long- 
er; the  mullers  are  then  raised  and  about  2  lbs. 
of  carbonate  of  soda,  for  "  cleaning  "  the  mer- 
cury, added;  amalgamation  goes  on  for  two 
hours;  the  contents  of  the  pans  are  then  run  off; 
into  the  settlers,  and  left  to  settle  for  about( 
three-quarters  of  an  hour;  the  settlers  are  then: 
filled  with  water,  and  let  cool  down,  before 
running  off,  when  at  the  proper  temperature,' 
the  plugs  are  pulled  and  run  off,  a  stream  of 
cold  water  being  introduced  all  the  time.  Thej 
pans  run  eight  hours;  settlers  four.  The  pans 
run  at  about  sixty  revolutions  a  minute;  settlers. 
at  ten.  The  tailings  after  leaving  settlers  pass* 
into  agitators  and  from  thence  to  the  reservoirs.) 
About  60  per  cent,  of  the  ore  treated  contain^ 
its  silver  in  the  state  of  chloride,  the  remaining] 
silver  existing  in  state  of  sulphide,  or  in  com-i 
bination  with  base  metal  ores;  the  gangue  be-* 
ing  quartz,  largely  mixed  with  carbonate  lime.! 
The  reasons  given  for  the  addition  of  these' 
chemicals  are  as  follows  :  Oxyde  manganese' 
being  present  in  the  ore,  the  addition  of  sul- 
phuric acid  acting  on  it  and  the  salt  introduced, 
evolves  free  chlorine,  which  helps  to  chlori-j 
■  dize  the  base  metals  present.  Sulphate  of  iron, 
ib  also  produced  by  the  solution  in  this  acid  of; 
the  iron  from  the  shoes  and  dies  of  the  pan,| 
and  also  by  that  coming  from  the  wearing  ofj 
the  shoes  and  dies  of  the  battery,  whilst  crush- 
ing the  ore.  The  sulphate  of  iron  thus  pro- 
duced with  the  sulphate  of  copper  added,  forms 
"magistral."  The  action  of  the  salt  on  this| 
"magistral,"  as  in  the  Mexican  "patio"  pro-^ 
cess,  producing  the  chlorides  of  both  copper 
and  iron  which  further  chloridizes  the  silver 
existing  with  the  base  metals.  This  chloride  of 
silver,  together  with  that  previously  existing, 
is  reduced  to  the  metallic  state  by  the  iron  of 
the  pan,  and  then  amalgamates  with  the  mer- 
cury. The  carbonate  of  soda  added  merely 
cleans  the  mercury. 

Now  it  is  very  doubtful  whether,  even  if 
these  reasons  are  sound,  this  process  is  the 
best  that  could  be  desired  for  the  treatment  of 
our  ores  ;  for  it  is  Clear,  that  on  the  addition  of 
sulphuric  acid,  by  far  the  greater  part  must  be 
converted  at  once  into  sulphate  of  lime,  from 
thg  presence  of  large  quantities  of  carbonate 
of  lime  in  the  ore,  and  the  sulphate  of  copper 
would  be  at  once  reduoed  by  the  iron  of  the 
pans  ;  the  liberated  copper  thus  forming  an 
amalgam  with  the  mercury,  and  finally  passing 
into  the  bullion. 

In  the  "patio"  process  considerable  time  is 
allowed  for  the  action  of  the  sulphate  of  cop- 
per and  salt  on  each  other,  so  as  effectually  to 
chloridize  the  sulphide  of  silver  and  other  base 
silver  ores  before  the  addition  of  any  meroury, 
and  there  is  no  substance  present  before  the  ad- 
dition of  mercury  which  can  act  as  a  reducing 
agent  and  liberate  the  copper.  This  chemical 
therefore,  has  a  fair  chance  for  operating, 
which  it  cannot  have  in  the  pan  process.  The 
addition  of  carbonate  of  soda  to  "clean" 
the  mercury,  so  far  as  experience,  of  its  use  in 
gold  miling  and  amalgamating  has  afforded,  is 
of  very  doubtful  advantage  at  all.  Cyanide  of 
potassium  is  the  best  chemical  for  sharpening 


the  affinity  of  the  mercury  for  amalgamation, 
where  sodium -amalgam is  not  used  ;  and  noth- 
ing is  more  important  in  miling  than  that  the 
mercury  should  be  clean  and  lively. 

Many  practical  mill  men  consider  that  if  effi- 
cient pans  be  driven  at  good  speed,  the  pulp 
being  properly  heated  by  steam,  the  action  of 
the  iron  of  the  pan,  in  the  presence  of  the  salt, 
with  clean,  lively  mercurv,  through  circulation 
of  the  pulp  being  ensured,  will  compete 
succssfuUy  with  any  one  of  the  chemical  re- 
ceipts. It  is  alleged  that  the  heat  and  fric- 
tion, in  presence  of  the  iron  of  the  pans,  salt. 
and  mercury,  give  rise  to  an  electro-galvanic 
action,  which  has  a  good  deal  to  do  with  the 
decomposition1  of  silver  minerals.  If  so,  by 
fixing  strips  of  zinc  on  the  wooden  sides  of  the 
pans,  a  galvanic  battery  would  be  formed, 
which  would  much  increase  this  action ; 
whether  this  is  the  case  or  not,  it  would  cost 
but  little  to  try  it.  It  is  probably  on  account 
of  this  action  that  many  metallurgists  consider 
zinc-amalgam  to  be  very  superior  to  mercury 
in  its  amalgamating  powers. 

The  Stanford  Mill  Process 
Is  far  more  efficacious  than  the  one  followed 
at  the  International  Mill  (the  pans  are  smaller) . 
Charge,  1,600  to  1,800  lbs.  of  pulp,  half  per 
cent,  of  salt,  and  about  a  quarter  pound  of 
cyanide  potassium  to  the  ton.  Grind  for  4% 
hours,  then  add  to  each  pan  200  lbs.  mercury, 
grind  for  1%  hours  longer;  raise  mullers  and 
amalmagate  two  hours.  About  one  hour  be- 
fore running  off  pan  into  settler,  add  some  per- 
fectly clean  lively  mercury,  so  as  to  collect 
together  the  "floured"  mercury.  Whilst  run- 
ning off  settler,  a  stream  of  cold  water  is  allowed 
to  flow  into  it.  The  eqarse  Band,  etc.,  is 
shovelled  out  of  the  settlers  and  worked  over 
in  pans  every  48  hours.  Now  the  advantages 
of  this  process  are,  that  the  cyanide  of  potas- 
sium entirely  does  away  with  the  use  of  acid, 
sulphate  of  copper,  and  carbonate  of  soda, 
whilst  the  mercury  is  kept  in  much  better  con- 
dition, and  the  out-turn  of  silver  is  larger. 

In  August  last,  the  Stanford  Mill  crushed 
our  ore,  guaranteed  us  85  per  cent,  of  the  assay 
value  of  the  pulp,  charged  15  dollars  formilliug, 
and  made  a  handsonme  profit;  our  sheets,  so 
far  as  they  are  -reliable  (for  the  figures  never 
agree),  showed  only  65  per  cent,  of  the  assay 
value  of  the  ore  as  having  been  realized  in  bul- 
lion, at  the  time  I  left  the  Board.  "With  rich 
ore,  defects  of  management  are  not  so  vital  in 
affecting  the  interests  of  a  company  as  when 
you  have  to  treat  ore  of  a  low  grade.  Then  de- 
fective management  frequently  leads  to  irre- 
trievable ruin.  On  a  comparison  made  between 
the  two  mills  when  running  on  the  same  quality 
of  ore,  assaying  38  dollars  to  the  ton,  the  tail- 
ings at  the  International  mill  averaged  13  dol- 
lars per  ton,  whilst  the  tailings  at  the  Stanford 
mill  ranged  between  seven  and  eight. 
Importance  of  Careful   Mining, 

Now  every  dollar  per  ton  that  goes  away 
with  the  tailings  of  our  mill  represents  a  loss 
on  the  yearly  amount  of  ore  crushed  of  11.  peri 
cent,  on  the  whole  capital  of  the  company,  and; 
therefore  is  so  much  lost  for  distribution  as  i 
dividend.  That  is  the  way  to  look  at  it.  Onej 
dollar  per  ton  on  80  tons  crushed  per  day  fori 
330  days,  supposing  the  mill  to  run  so  long,| 
taking  our  capital  as  265,000/.,  is  5,300i.  Sup-; 
posing  this  difference  to  persist  throughout  the 
whole  year,  that  I  have  shown  to  exist  between' 
the  silver  lost  in  the  tailings  of  our  mill,  and, 
that  of  the  Stanford,  when  running  on  the  same, 
grade  of  ore,  that  difference  of  5  dollars  be- 
tween eight  and  thirteen,  represents  a  differen- 
tial loss  of  over  26,000Z.  per  annum,  or  ten  per, 
cent,  on  the  whole  capital  of  the  company,  that: 
would  otherwise  be  available  for  dividend!  a: 
rather  heavy  price  to  pay  per  annum  for  want! 
of  adequate  scientific  supervision  in  our  mill. 

Are  shareholders  content  that  this  is  to  go| 
on  ?  It  is  little  use  paring  down  wages  or! 
economizing  trnmpery  petty  expenses,  such  as 
those  reported  at  the  last  meeting  to  have  been: 
effected,  when  from  want  of  proper  scientific 
supervision,  your  property  is  subject  to  such, 
gigantic  drains  as  I  have  indicated.  Yourman- 
ager  goes  on  month  after  month  running  your/ 
Oasis  Mill  upon  "tailings."  (  Vide  last  report 
for  January.)  It  costs  at  least  five  dollars  a  ton| 
to  work  tailings  at  all,  and  you  ought  never  to 
have  tailings  that  pay  you  to  re-work  ;  you 
would  not  have  were  your  amalgamation  proper- 
ly conducted. 

The  late  Board  of  Management,  at  my  in- 
stance, sent  out  a  competent  metallurgist  to 
supply  the  place  of  Mr.  George  Atwood  (who 
possessed  the  requisite  metallurgical  skill,  but 
whose  services  are  now  unfortunately  lost  to 
us),  Mr.  B.  J.  Frecheville,  of  the  Royal  School 
of  Mines.  It  is  to  this  gentleman  that  I  am  in- 
debted for  the  only  accurate  and  reliable  scien- 
tific information  respecting  our  property  that 
has  yet  reached  this  side  of  the  water.  Mr. 
Phillpotts  has  hitherto  declined  to  avail  himself 
of  his  services,  not  having  been  previously  con- 
sulted in  the  appointment. 

In  Further  Discussing  the  Subject  of  Milling, 
I  wish  to  observe  that  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  enough  attention  is  not  paid  to  keeping  the 
mercury  in  a  clean  active  condition,  and  the 
heavy  sand  that  accumulates  in  the  settlers  and 
agitators  does  not  appear  to  be  shovelled  out 
regularly  and  worked  over  in  pans,  as  at  the 
Stanford.  This  is'professed  to  be  attended  to  at 
our  mill,  but  I  have  reason  to  believe  that  it  is 
not  doneregularly;  indeed,  some  of  our  pans  have 
been  known  to  be  running  for  a  long  time  without 
grinding,  and  this  was  only  found  put  at  last  by 
accident;  nor  is  it  clear  that  any  attempts  are 
made  to  save  the  large  quantities  of  mercury 
that  escape  from  the  mill,  ranging  from  %  to  1 
lb.  per  ton.    The  average  charge  of  our  pans  is 


2,300  lbs.;  time  of  treating,  8  hours;  thus  3 
charges  are  worked  per  day  per  pan. 

Now,  looking  at  the  high  assay  value  of  the 
tailings,  as  before  shown,  it  is  a  question 
whether  the  pans  are  not  overloaded,  and  if  a 
lesser  quantity,  say  1,800  lbs.  .per  pan  were  used 
for  6  hours,  four  tmies  a  day,  probably  better 
results  would  be  obtained  than  from  the  larger 
charges  run  8  hours  3  times  per  day.  There  is, 
however,  in  the  International  Mill  scarcely  pan 
power  sufficient  for  the  large  number  of  stamps. 
The  excellent  practice  pursued  at  the  Stanford 
Mill,  of  adding  clean  lively  mercury  to  the  pans 
just  before  running  off,  is  not  followed  at  the 
International.  There  is  another  point  con- 
nected with  the  question  of 

The  Enormous  Loss  of  Mercury 
At  our  mill,  to  which  I  desire  to  direct 
attention.  The  amalgam,  after  being 
cleaned  arid  strained,  is  retorted ;  the 
mercury  which  distils  off  is  led  through  a 
pipe,  kept  cold  by  water  circulating  round  it, 
into  a  receiver  containing  water,  and  thus  con- 
densed to  the  metallic  state,  so  as  to  be  again 
available  for  use  at  the  mill.  The,  crude  bull- 
ion produced  generally  amounts  to  one-fifth  or 
one-sixth  of  the  amalgam  operated  upon;  this 
crude  bullion  is  then  taken  to  the  assay  office 
and  melted  into  bars.  Of  course  as  it  always 
unavoidably  contains  more  or  less  quicksilver 
and  foreign  matters,  there  is  necessarily  a  dis- 
crepancy between  the  weight  of  the  crude  bull- 
ion and  the  weight  of  the  bars  produced  from 
it;  but  the  discrepancy  'at  our  mill  is  far  larger 
than  it  should  be,  and  this  is  owing  to  imperfect 
retorting. 

In  one  of  the  largest  mining  companies  on  the 
Comstock  lode,  Ifihd  that  this  loss  averaged  only 
1 68-100  per  cent,  for  the  year  ;  our  loss  is  fre- 
quently 10  per  cent.,  audit  has  in  an  extreme 
oase  .even  reached  26  per  cent.  Now,  the  great 
bulk  of  this  loss  is  mercury,  and  mercury 
costs  90  cents  per  pound.  The  whole  figures 
in  detail  are  before  me.  If  the  retorted  silver 
was  melted  in  pots  with  alembic  heads,  a  great 
part  of  this  loss  in  mercury  might  be  avoided. 
There  are  a  number  of  other  minor  metallur- 
gical details  that  require  careful  attention  in 
this  department. 

The  mines  belonging  to  this  company,  par- 
ticularly the  North  Aurora,  appear  to  have  fully 
borne  out  all  that  the  experts  (employed,  at  the 
time  of  the  sale  of  these  mines,)  reported  of 
them.  The  largest  and  richest  deposits  of  ore, 
run  close  up  to  the  north  line  of  the  South 
Aurora,  which  claim  is  on  that  portion  of  the 
vein  lying  between  the  Eberhardt  and  North 
Aurora  mines. 

"Whatever  may  have  been  the  fault  in  the 
Eberhardt  Co's  management,  indeed  if  any,  it 
contrasts  very  favorably  when  compared  with 
that  of,  the  South  Aurora.  Where  they  have 
wasted  vast  sums  of  money  in  useless  out-door 
work,  and  neglected  to'  develop  and  follow  their, 
rich  ore  deposits,  thereby  bringing  discredit  on; 
the  district. 

By  reference  to  the  files  of  the  White  Pine 
News,  also  to  our  summary  of  last  week,  it  wiUj 
be  seen  that  the  developments  all  the  way  onl 
the  line  of  the  "Treasure  Hill  Vein,"  from  the 
Hidden  Treasure  to  the  Eberhardt,  are  of  the( 
most  encouraging  and  satisfactory  character, 

The  Emerald  Mines  of  Muzo. 

The  mountains  of  Muzo,  New  Grenada,  says 
the  Jour.  80c.  Arts,  like  those  of  the  whole  cen- 
tral Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  belong  to  the  lower 
formation  of  chalk.  In  the  mines  now  worked, 
the  emeralds  occur  in  two  distinct  layers,— the 
first,  or  upper  one  composed  of  a  bitumen 
which  is  black  and  friable;  the  second,  lower 
down,  also  of  calcareous  bitumen,  but  bard  and 
compact.  These  two  layers  are  generally  sep- 
arated from  each  other  from  17  to  22  yards.  In 
the  upper  layer,  the  emerald  occurs  in  nests,  in 
the  lower,  in  what  approaches  nearer  to  veins 
Nests  of  emeralds  are  seldom  found  in  the  lat- 
ter, but  the  gem  is  more  easily  extracted.  The 
presence  of  well  crystallized  fluorspar  denotes 
proximity  to  the  emerald,  and  the  occurrence  of 
rock  crystal  or  parisite  is  also  a  good  sign. 

The  mine  of  Muzo  is  worked  both  by  galleries 
and  in  the  open  air,  the  latter  method,  although 
more  expensive,  being  preferable  on  account  of 
the  greater  ease  of  finding  the  emeralds.  All 
the  gems  now  extracted  are  sent  to  Pa  g-  to  be 
cut.  The  annual  production  is  not  made  public. 

There  are  indications  that  the  mountains  of 
Muzo  are  rich  in  emeralds,  and  it  is  thought 
that  the  stores  of  this  precious  stone  have 
hardly  been  touched.  But  in  1864,  the  Colum- 
bia Government  in  return  for  an  annual  pay- 
ment of  $14,700,  granted  to  a  French  company 
a  lease  of  the  mines  at  Muzo  for  ten  years,  to- 
gether with  a  monopoly  of  all  emeralds  in  Co- 
lumbia, binding  itself  to  prohibit  the  working 
of  any  other  mines  in  the  Union.  This  lease, 
which  expires  in  1874,  will  probably  not  be  re- 
newed. 

Evidently  the  mines  of  Muzo  were  known 
long  before  the  discovery  of  America.  The 
Spaniards  in  1553  found  the  Indians  in  pos- 
session of  a  large  quantity  of  the  stones.  After 
the  arrival  of  the  Spaniards  the  mines  were  ex- 
tensively worked,  but,  for  some  unknown  reas- 
on, were  abandoned  about  the  middle  of  the 
18th  century.  After  the  War  of  Independence, 
the  Republic  took  possession  of  the  mines  and 
let  them  out  to  individuals  and  to  companies. 


Increasing  the  Vigor   of  Growth  in 
Plants. 

A  very  important  announcement  has  lately 
been  made  in  France  as  to  the  effect  produced 
upon  the  luxuriance  of  vegetation  by  the  dis- 
turbance ot  the  natural  position  of  thebranches. 
It  has  been  known  for  some  time  that  if  two 
branches  of  a  fruit-tree  be  selected  of  about  the 
same  size,  arid  the  same  upward  inclination  to 
the  horizontal  plane,  and  one  of  these  be  bent 
downward  toward  this  plane,  it  appears  to  lose 
its  vigor,  while  the  other  gains  in  a  like  ratio. 
It  is  now  announced  as  the  discovery  of  an  ig- 
norant peasant  on  the  Danube,  named  Hooi- 
breuk,  that  this  law  holds  good  only  up  to  the 
horizontal  position ;  and  that  if  the  branch  is 
depressed  still  further,  and  below  the  horizon- 
tal, it  becomes  characterized  by  much  greater 
vigor  than  before,  and,  in  fact,  will  put  out 
leaves  and  branches  to  an  astonishing  and  un- 
heard-of degree.  But  this  depends  upon  keep- 
ing the  branches  as  nearly  as  possible  in  a 
straight  line,  the  effect  being  measurably  lost 
with  a  considerable  curvature.  In  this  case, 
only  the  buds  which  occupy  the  top  of  the  arc 
are  developed  completely,  at  the  expense  of  the 
rest,  which  remain  in  their  original  condition, 
contributing  neither  to  the  extension  of  foliage 
nor  of  fruit. 

Duchesne  Toureace,  in  communicating  these 
facts  to  Les  Mondes  attempts  to  show  the  caus- 
es which  seem  to  determine  so  great  a  flow  of 
sap  to  the  branches  inclined  below  the  horizon- 
tal line,  and  thinks  that  the  explanation  is  to 
be  found  in  the  establishment  of  a  siphon  ar- 
rangement, by  means  of  which  the  juice  is 
carried  over  the  bend  from  the  main  stem  in 
excessive  flow.  Be  this  as  it  may,  the  fact  re- 
mains, as  illustrated  by  an  experiment  prose- 
cuted by  this  gentleman.  In  early  spring, 
when  the  sap  was  running  in  the  vines,  he  took 
four  plants  of  about  the  same  size,  and  trimmed 
them  so  as  to  leave  one  stem  to  each,  these  be- 
ing arranged  vertically,  obliquely  upward ;  hori- 
izontally  and  obliquely  downward.  He  then 
cut  off  the  stems,  and  collected  and  measur- 
ed what  exuded,  and  found  the  amount 
from  the,  branch  inclined  downward  was 
more  than  three  times  greater  than  that 
from  the  others. 

Something   About   Wool. 

The  San  Joaquin  Valley  Argus  complains  of 
the  want  of  discrimination  exhibited  by  pur- 
chasers of  wool,  and  says:  "The  great  de- 
sideratum seems  to  be  quantity — quality  being 
of  comparatively  little  or  no  importance.  An 
apt  illustration  of  this  point  was  furnished  last 
year  in  the  case  above  referred  to.  The  party 
in  question  had  2,300  yearlings,  the  fleece  frorj^ 
which  was  considered  next  to  worthless,  being 
short  and  exceedingly  foul — the  owner  estima- 
ting at  least  one  pound  of  dirt  to  every  five 
pounds  of  wool.  It  was  baled  separately,  and 
with  many  misgivings  as  to  the  result  forward- 
ed to  market,  a  full  statement  of  the  oase  being 
made  to  the  commission  merchant  to  whom  it 
was  consigned.  It  was  sold  at  29 %  cents 
per  pound,  while  the  fleece  from  the  older 
sheep,  which  was  long  and  silky,  and  al- 
most entirely  free  from  dirt — with  which  extra 
oare  had  been  exercised  in  shearing,  baling, 
etc., — brought  in  the  same  market  31%  cents — 
a  difference  of  only  (100  cents  per  pound  in 
favor  of  the  finer  quality.  This  being  the  case, 
what  encouragement  is  there  for  the  wool-grower 
to  improve  the  grade  of  his  sheep,  or  to  exercise 
more  than  ordinary  diligence  in  the  preparation 
of  his  wool  for  market?  Cotswolds  and  South- 
downs  to  the  dogs — give  us  scrubs  !  The  more 
dirt  the  more  money,  seems  to  be  the  rule;  and 
as  the  benefits  of  any  system  are  to  be  judged 
by  the  practical  results,  we  conclude  that  all 
efforts  to  improve  the  grade  of  sheep  by  crossing 
stock,  etc.,  must  necessarily  prove  futile,  and 
the  time  spent  therein  worst  than  wasted.  Money 
is  what  the  producer  is  after — the  largest  return 
for  a  given  amount  of  labor.  Let  him,  there- 
fore, cease  his  efforts  at  improvement,  and  turn 
his  attention  to  scrubs  and  dirt.  The  latter  will 
pay — the  former  won't — and  that's  '  what  we 
know  about  wool.'  " 

California  Butter  vs.  Eastern  Butter. 

From  the  tone  of  the  Eastern  Press  we  find 
that  California  is  in  a  fair  way  of  securing  bet- 
ter prices  for  butter  than  Eastern  States  do  for 
their  own  production.  A  reliable  exchange  says: 

"The  highestgeolor  is  all  that  is  sought  for  by 
both  the  local  and  shipping  trade,  and  prices 
for  such  are  consequently  well  sustained, 
selling  at  30@31c,  whereas  the  other  grades 
mentioned  are  difficult  to  dispose  of  at  prices 
varying  from  20©26c.  There  is  some  increase 
in  the  receipts  of  Ohio,  with  a  slight  inprove- 
ment  in  quality,  but  the  greater  portion  of  it 
is  yet  very  poor  stuff  indeed,  and  despite  the 
very  best  efforts  of  receivers  to  clear  their 
houses  of  it,  it  is  too  inferior  for  the  market 
men,  and  there  is  no  other  trade  to  carry  it  off. 
The  reports  from  New  Orleans  are  not  flatter- 
ing for  extreme  prices  for  butter  this  season, 
and  shippers,  except  on  orders,  are  buying  but 
sparingly.  The  result  of  this  will  be  a  grad- 
ual weakening  of  prices,  not  so  much,  however, 
as  to  deter  the  Western  Reserve  from  forward- 
ing what  is  needed". 

The  car  load  of  California  butter  shipped  to 
the  East  a  few  days  since,  is  receiving  marked 
compliments  from  the  Atlantic  papers ;  they 
pronounce  upon  it  in  Boston  "as  perfectly  de- 
licious." If  eastern  butter  is  in  such  disfavor 
as  the  above  remarks  seem  to  indicate,  our 
shipments  will  command  excellent  prices,  for 
we  send  a  good  article,  which  is  fully  appreciated. 


• 


June  8,  1872. j 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


359 


lIsEfllL     l[<FOflPVPON' 


Education  of  the  Eye. 

HOW  f<  W  thru-  an- that  upprcciute  that  optical 

marvel  the  eye!  How  few  understand  its  mech- 
anism, the  priin'iplo.on  which  it  acts  and  th'? 
wonders  which  it  aooompliahes]  As  mi  uv.muc 
hy  which  external  impressions  tind  their  way 
to  th<-  mind,  it  i-  worth  ull  the  others  man 
So  gradually  is  its  skill  acquired 
that  we  hardly  recognise  it  is  acquired  skill. 
We  educate,  through  long  and  systematic  prao- 
ti- .-,  bands,  feet  and  muscles;  but  in  the  main 
is  left  to  itself,  to  acquire  as  it  may   its 


The  Preparations  of  Fancy  Soaps. 

Fancy  soaps,  which  are  made  in  great  variety 
fur  the  toilet,  are  usually  BOSntea  with  some 
aromatic  oils.  For  this  brunch  o(  the  trade  the 
ordinary  commercial  soaps  are  used,  after  un- 
dergoing a  process  of  refinement,  or  a 

:■,  made  for  the  purpose  from  almond  oil, 
or  th-  like.  Much  taste  in  shown  by  the  best 
London  markers  in  the  selection  and  combina- 
tion of    the    perfumes,  which,    along    with    the 

coloring  matter,  BnahasvermiUioD,  yellow  ochre', 

Aniline,  etc.,  are  usually  boiled  up  with  the 
soap.  To  facilitate  this  operation, OS  well-dried 
soap  does  not  readily  melt,  it  is  usually  out  up 
into  fine  shavings,  "and  after  boihng  fa  well 
worked  under  tho  rollers  until  it  presents  a  uni- 


I  Uis  Oowjt  ot  riso?  i«  only  taper-   b„ui        ,„  thl8  t.,lSt,  th 


fectly  d-  rel  >ped.  What  is  to  binder  systematic 
discipline  of  the  eye  any  more  than  of  any  other 
organ.  To  be  tible  to  see  correctly  is  of  as 
much  importance  to  the  mechanic  as  to  the 
artist.  Mr.  Ruskin,  in  his  admirable  treatise 
on  Hie  "Elements  of  Drawing,"  lays  particular 
stress  upon  teaching  the  eye  to  see  < 
and  shows  that  the  hand  will  havu  but  little 
dirti  ulty  in  Learning  to  represent  what  is  accu- 
rately seen. 

The  mechanic  is  often  called  upon  to  make 
forms  for  which  bin  unaided  eye  must  be  the 
principal  guide.  The  wagon  maker  may  lay 
nut  his  work  by  patterns,  but  the  ornamental 
hmsh  principally  depends  upon  the  nicety  with 
which  the  eye  pan  trace  lines  of  grace  and  beau- 
ty. Even  in  shaping  a  boot  sole  there  is  great 
skill  of  eye.  If  any  one  donbta  this  let  him 
try  to  eh  ape  a  sole  to  the  outlines  of  his  own 
foot,  and  see  what  an  uncouth,  ungainly  form 
he  will  make.  None  but  novices  will  try  the 
experiment,  for  any  one  who  has  tried  it  knows 
th-  difficulty  in  combining  comfort  and  beauty 
in  a  boot  sole.  Shoemakers  have  been  much 
denounced  for  their  failures  in  this  respect,  but 
tho  reader  may  rest  assured  that  their  art  is  a 
ilifficult  one.  They  cannot  go  by  plumb  line, 
square  and  level,  like  the  mason  or  the  carpen- 
ter, and  no  one  who  has  ever  tried  to  draw  a 
solo  pattern  knows  how  slight  variations  will 
affect,  favorably  or  untavorably,  its  appearance. 
The  cabinet  maker,  the  carver,  the  sign  paint- 
er, the  decorator,  all  of  these  attain  skill  prin- 
cipally through  the  education  of  the  eye. 

Tho  impressions  gained  through  this  organ 
may  be  placed  under  the  categories  of  distance, 
size,  light  and  shade,  form  and  color.  It  is 
through  .the  power  to  appreciate  distance  that 
we  form  our  first  estimates  of  size;  then  we 
begin  to  distinguish  light  aud  shade,  and  thus 
to  gain  power  to  define  form,  and  lastly  we  dis- 
tinguish, more  or  less  perfectly,  colors  and 
tints. 

A  most  profitable  system  of  exercises  might 
be  devised  by  an  ingenious  teacher,  calculated 
to  train  the  eye  in  the  exercises  of  its  various 
functions  in  early  youth,  and  to  form  correct 
habits  of  vison;  for  he  who  supposes  the  eye 
is  not  influenced  by  habit  as  well  as  any  other 
organ  makes  a  serious  mistake. 

The  worst  habit  of  all  is  the  habit  of  partial 
sight.  Instead  of  closely  scrutinizing  every- 
thing they  see,  the  majority  of  men  only  super- 
ficially look  at  objects  as  they  passbefore  them. 
They  thus  become  inaccurate  witnesses  in 
court,  inacourate  in  their  impressions  of  ma- 
terial objects  in  general,  and  fail  when  they  at- 
tempt to  imitate,  because  the  images  they  strive 
to  produce  are  imperfect. 

If  in  early  youth  children  were  taught  to  look 
carefully  at  everything,  and  to  constantly  test 
the  accuracy  of  tho  preceptions  thus  obtained, 
we  believe  the  habit  of  close  observation  thus 
acquired  would  be  of  greater  advantage  than 
the  result  of  any  other  mode  of  discipline  now 
practised  in  elementary  schools. — Ea% 


soap 


is  shredd-  d  as 


:  nine  and  coloring  ■■ 
well  amalgamated  with  it  by  boing  worked  in  a 
mortar  with  a  pestle.  It  is  linn  divided  into 
lumps,  and  roughly  moulded  with  the  hand  into 
something  of  th.-  shape  \\  is  finally  to  assume. 
After  being  left  011  a  rack  to  dry  for  about  a 
week,  it  is  pressed  into  a  mould,  which  imparts 
to  the  cake  tho  form  and  device  which  may  be 
required,  and  when  taken  out  the  edges  are 
trimmed  aud  the  surface  polished  with  the  hand. 
CttsseWs  Technical  folucatttr. 


QoOD    He\lTH- 


Difference  of  Hydraulic  and  Common 
Lime. — Most  dealers  in  common  lime  sell  also 
hydraulic  mortal".  It  is  not  Bold  in  lumps  like 
common  lime,  as  it  can  not  be  used  so;  it  does 
not  slake  and  fall  to  powder  like  common  lime, 
but  must  be  ground  in  a  mill,  like  plaster  of 
Paris;  it  is,  therefore,  only  sold  in  powdered 
form,  packed  in  barrels.  In  that  condition  it 
looks  very  different  from  common  lime,  as  it  is 
not  white  but  gray  or  brownish,  and  feels  more 
gritty  than  pure  lime,  which  feels  even  fatty 
when  moist.  "VVe  never  needed  any  other  test; 
but  if  a  chemical  test  be  required,  we  should  ad- 
vise hydrochloric  acid,  (muriatic  acid, )  which  dis- 
solves common  lime  entirely  without  leaving  a 
remnant,  while  it  will  not  attack  the  silicates  of 
the  hydraulic  mortar.  But  as  a  practical  test 
which  at  the  same  time  determines  the  value  of 
the  hydraulic  mortar,  it  is  best  to  tie  different 
samples  up  in  small  stiff  linen  bags,  and  throw 
them  in  water,  let  them  lay  and  examine  from 
time  to  time  their  increasing  hardness.  That 
which  sets  the  quickest  will  not  be  the  hardest 
in  the  end,  but.  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  in- 
tended must  settle  the  choice  of  the  kind  of 
cement  to  be  used. 


Brown  Tint  for  Iron  and  Steel, — Dissolve, 
in  four  parts  of  water,  two  parts  of  crystallized 
chloride  of  iron,  two  parts  of  chloride  of  anti- 
mony and  one  part  of  gallic  acid,  and  apply  the 
solution  with  a  sponge  or  cloth  to  the  article, 
and  dry  it  in  the  air.  Repeat  this  any  number 
of  times,  according  to  the  depth  of  color  which 
it  is  desired  to  produce.  Wash  with  water  and 
dry,  and  finally  rub  the  articles  over  with  boiled 
linseed  oil.  The  metal  thus  receives  a  brown 
tint  and  resists  moisture.  The  chloride  of  anti- 
mony should  be  as  little  acid  as  possible. 


The  Aok  of  Oysters. — An  old  oystormau  can 
tell  the  ages  of  his  bivalves  with  great  precis- 
ion. Those  who  are  familiar  with  an  oyster 
shell  must  have  observed  that  it  seeim'd  c.  im- 
posed of  successive  layers  or  plates  overlapping 
each  other.  These  are  technically  termed 
"shoots,"  and  each  of  them  make  a  year's 
growth,  so  that  by  counting  them  he  can  de- 
termine at  a  glance  the  year  when  the  creature 
came  into  the  world.  Up  to  the  epoch  of  its 
maturity,  from  five  to  seven  years  old,  when 
they  are  in  perfection,  the  shoots  are  regular 
and  successive;  but  after  that  time  they  become 
irregular,  and  are  one  over  the  other,  so  that 
the  shell  becomes  moro  thickened  and  bulky. 
Among  fossil  oysters,  specimens  are  found  oc- 
casionally of  enormous  thickness,  and  the 
amount  of  time  that  has  passed  between  the 
deposition  of  the  bed  of  rock,  in  which  such  an 
example  occurs,  and  that  which  overlies  it, 
might  be  calculated  from  those  observations  of 
the  shape  and  number  of  layers  of  calcareous 
matter  composing  an  extinct  oyster  shell.  In 
some  ancient  formations,  the  above  stratum  of 
extinguished  oysters  may  be  seen,  each  bed 
consisting  of  full  grown  and  aged  individuals. 
Judging  from  the  greatness  to  which  some  oys- 
ter shells  have  attained,  this  inollusk  is  capa- 
ble, if  left  to  its  natural  changes  and  unmo- 
lested, of  attaining  a  patriarchal  longevity. 

Solder  Wire,  so  very  convenient  for  some 
work,  may  be  made  as  follows:  Take  a  sheet  of 
stiff  writing  or  drawing  paper,  and  roll  it  in  a 
conical  form,  rather  broad  in  comparison  with 
its  length.  Make  a  ring  of  stiff  wire,  to  hold  it 
in.  attaching  a  suitable  handle  to  the  ring.  The 
point  of  the  cone  may  first  of  all  be  cut  off,  to 
leave  an  orifice  of  the  size  required.  When 
filled  with  molten  solder  it  should  be  held 
above  a  pail  of  cold  water  and  the  streams 
of  solder  flowing  from  the  cone  will  con- 
geal as  it  runs,  and  form  the  wire.  If  held  a 
little  higher,  so  that  the  stream  of  solder  breaks 
into  drops,  before  striking  the  water,  it  will 
form  handy,  elongated  "tears"  of  metal;  but, 
by  holding  it  still  higher,  each  drop  forms  a 
thin  concave  cup  or  shell,  and,  as  each  of  these 
forms  have  their  own  peculiar  uses  in  business, 
many  a  mechanic  will  find  these  hints  very  use- 
ful.   

Gimlet  Pointed  Screws. — Most  mechanics 
who  work  in  wood  do  not  appear  to  understand 
the  eminent  superiority  of  wood  screws  over 
brads  and  nails.  In  many  places,  one  screw  is 
worth,  three  or  four  nails.  When  one  is  secur- 
ing cleats  to  batten  doors,  or  cleats  to  a  wagon 
box,  nails  are  very  unsuitable  when  compared 
with  the  efficiency  of  gimlet  pointed  screws. 
Screws  "will  hold  two  pieces  of  wood  more 
rigidly  than  nails;  and,  if  the  timber  should 
shrink  a  trifle,  the  screws  can  be  turned  up 
tight;  whereas  it  is  difficult,  in  most  instances, 
to  tighten  up  loose  work  with  nails.  Screws 
should  be  used  in  preference  to  nails  in  all 
places  where  there  is  an  unusual  strain  on  the 
parts  to  be  held  together. — Ex. 

Waterproof  Leather. — An  ingenious  patent 
is  now  being  worked,  by  which  leather  for  the 
soles  of  boots  and  shoes  is  rendered  impervious 
to  wet  and  damp  by  exhausting  the  air  from 
the  pores  of  the  leather,  and  filling  them  up 
with  a  substance  which  unites  with  and  adheres 
to  the  fibre,  thereby  strengthening  without  iin- 
paring  the  elasticity  of  the  material.  It  is  stated 
that  the  patent,  known  as  "Fanshaw's  Water- 
proof Leather,"  is  not  only  likely  to  be  largely 
employed  for  the  purpose  to  which  we  have  re- 
ferred, but  when  asphalt  pavement  becomes 
more  general,  it  will  be  possible  to  shoe  horses 
with  a  material  as  hard  as  the  asphalt  itsolf, 
and  which  will  prevent  them  slipping. 


AnoxTKBATixm  0*  Dbxne. — We   (Xant 

ferred  cursorily  last  week  to  the  adulteration  of 
drink  by  brewers  or  publicans,  and  we  would 
ones  more  oall  Attention  to  th<  extent  and  mag- 
nitude of  th<  evil.  We  fancy  it  is  far  more  due 
to  the  1  BR  el  of  adulteration  by  narcotics  in  in- 
creasmg  drinking  thau  to  increased  cheapness 
of  production,  or  any  other  ordinary  cause. 
lie  object  with  which  it  is  done  appears  to  be 
that  the  working  man,  who  sits  down  to  r,  tr.  sh 
himself  with  a  half-pint,  or  pint,  shall  at  once 
snfliiently  muddled  to  lose  his  self- 
<■  mlrol,  and  to  oall  for  more  and  more  in  excess 
of  his  originally  prudent  and  proper  intention, 
.v  business  thai  poisons  men  for  the 
plundering  tliem  is  simply- a  public  nuisance, 
and  even  if  other  kinds'  of  adulteration  are  for 
0  tune  1'  ft  unpunished,  no  leniency  should  be 
shown  to  this.  It  is  difficult  to  say'by  whom 
Lients  are  most  Frequently 
added.  In  any  enactment  on  the  subject,  care 
should  be  taken  that  pnhlicuns  are  not  made 
oats  for  more  wealthy  sinners.  Between 
thorn,  the  lot  of  the  poor  man,  who  depends 
upon  ft  beer-shop  for  refreshment,  is  hard  in- 
deed. If  he  go  there,  the  chances  are  that  he 
is  drugged  into  drunkenness,  when  he  wishes 
only  to  quench  his  thirst;  and  if  he  drink 
water,  he  incurs  risks  of  poisoning  by  sewage, 
which  are  not  to  be  lightly  regarded. 

Kviukni t:s  of  Illness. — Pain  and  fever  are 
uot  the  only  evidences  of  sickness.  It  is  quite 
possible  to  have  u  tolerably  regular  pulse,  a 
fair  appetite,  and  even  to  sleep  six  or  eight 
hours  out  of  the  twenty-four,  and  yet  be  far 
front  well.  In  spite  of  these  favorable  indica- 
tions, the  body  may  waste  away,  and  the  nerv- 
ous energy  of  the  system  rapidly  decline. 
Emaciation,  languor,  and  depression  of  spirits, 
although  they  may  not  be  the  symptoms  of  any 
specific  disease,  are  infallible  signs  that  the 
life  power  of  the  frame  is  deteriorating,  that 
the  mainsprings  of  vitality  are  losing  their  elas- 
ticity. If  no  help  be  given  to  nature  in  this 
emergency,  a  collapse  of  the  vital  machinery 
will  finally  ensue,  and  a  life  that  might  proba- 
bly have  been  extended  to  the  full  scriptural 
span  of  three  score  years  and  ten,  will  be  pre- 
maturely brought  to  a  close.  Thousands  of 
such  cases  occur  every  year.  Physicians  call 
this  running  down  of  the  animal  machinery, 
atrophy,  marasmus,  nervous  debility.,  etc.,  and 
it  is  often  mistaken  for  pulmonary  consump- 
tion. It  arises,  however,  simply  from  a  lack 
of  constitutional  energy,  and  a  corresponding 
torpidity  of  the  reproductive  principle  upon 
the  vigor  and  activity  of  which  the  nourishment 
aud  repair  of  the  whole  organization  depend. 

GnowrNo  Men. — Dr.  W.  Holmes  has  shown 
what  every  body  knows,  that  we  are,  as  a  race, 
deteriorating.  But  he  has  uot  given  us  the  rea- 
son why  the  New  England  man  grows  smaller 
in  bone  and  muscle.  Chemistry  tells  us  it  is 
owing  to  the  want  of  mineral  in  the  soil  to  pro- 
duce bones.  Much  is  owing  to  our  unnatural 
habits  of  life.  Much  to  the  weakness  of  our 
female  sex,  who  do  anything  but  develop  their 
muscular  powers.  But  the  main  reason  why 
the  race  deteriorate  so  rapidly  in  the  eastern 
part  of  New  England,  is  owing  to  the  hard  gran- 
ite soil,  which  does  not  furnish  limestone  suffi- 
cient to  form  the  bones.  In  Kentucky,  Ohio 
and  Western  Vermont,  men  grew  to  large  size 
because  of  the  limestone  formation  beneath  the 
soil.  Parts  of  families  have  emigrated  from 
Massachusetts  to  limestone  regions,  and  the  re- 
sult in  the  next  generation,  has  been  a  larger 
bone  development  in  those  who  left  Massachu- 
setts thau  those  who  remained.  Kentucky, 
Ohio  and  Iowa  will  grow  great  men.  The  finest 
figures  in  the  world  will  be  found  in  the  valley 
of  the  Mississippi  in  a  few  generations.  In- 
door labor,  so  unnatural  for  men,  will  weaken 
the  vital  powers  and  stop  the  growth  in  large 
cities,  but  the  great  and  glorious  West,  with  its 
broad  prairies,  will  compensate  for  the  growing 
feebleness  of  the  Eastern  States. 


A  Simple  and  Effective  Remedy  for  Corns  — 
When  a  young  man,  I  used  to  be  very  much  au- 
I  y  those  painfu]  excrescences  called 
"  corns/  on  the  toes  ami  feet,  until  I  was  told 
of  a  very  simple,  but  effectual  remedy  for  them, 
by  some  person.  It  was  to  bathe  the  feet 
in  tepid  water,  to  soften  them;  then  pare  thorn 
off  mtv  closely  with  a  sharp  knife;  then  rub  on 

well,  gceen  pjtioh  tree  U-aves:  when,  altar  con- 
tinuing the  rubbing  once  or  twice  a  day,  the 
corns  will  entirely  disappear,  and  not  return, 
without  the  cans.-  whic/i  first  occasioned  them. 
I  have  often  tried  the  remedy,  and  never  found 
it  to  fail  yet.  h  seems  to  be  the  pruBsicaoid  in 
tli-   p'  .  ■  ■  that  bata  a  them  away. 

A  good  corn  salve  could  no  doubt  be  made 
for  winter  use,  by  bruising  the  peach  leaves  when 
green,  then  boil  them  in  water  until  the 
strength  is  extracted:  then  take  out  the   leaves; 

he  water  off  the  sediment,  .-nid  add  a  suf- 
ficy  id  quantity   of    t«  sin,    beeswax,     tallow    and 

lard  oil  to  make  it  soft  enough,  and  simmer 
down,  without  burning,  until  the  water  is  evapo- 
rated. Soften  and  pure  tho  corn,  as  before  di- 
rect, d,  spread  it  on  o  small  piece  ol  cambric  <>r 
linen,  and  apply,  putting  on  the  sock  or  stock- 
ing carefully,  so  as  not  to  rub  it  oft'.  Iv  11  p 
applying  until  they  disappear.-  Country  Gtntiv- 
mctn. 


Restoring  Charred  Writing. — The  restora- 
tion of  the  writing  on  manuscripts  charred  by 
fire  may,  it  is  said,  be  accomplished  by  separat- 
ing the  charred  paper  into  single  leaves,  im- 
mersing them  in  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver 
(forty  grains  to  the  ounce  of  water).  The  operj 
ation  is  to  be  conducted  in  a  dark  room,  and 
when  the  writing  is  sufficiently  legible  the  ex- 
cess of  silver  solution   should  be  washed  out 


Use  of  Lemons. — When  persons  are  feverish 
and  thirsty  beyond  what  is  natural,  indicated 
in  some  cases  by  a  metallic  taste  in  the  mouth, 
especially  after  drinking  water,  or  by  a  whitish 
appearance  of  the  greater  part  of  the  surface  of 
the  tongue,  one  of  the  best  "coolers"  is  to  take 
a  lemon,  cut  off  the  top,  sprinkle  over  it  some 
loaf  sugar,  working  it  down  into  the  lemon 
with  a  spoon,  and  then  suck  it  slowly,  squeez- 
ing the  lemon,  and  adding  more  sugar,  as  the 
acidity  increases  from  being  brought  up  from  a 
lower  point.  Invalids  with  feverishness  may 
take  two  or  three  lemons  a  day  in  this  manner, 
with  the  most  marked  benefit,  manifested  by  a 
sense  of  coolness,  comfort,  and  invigoration. 
A  lemon  or  two  thus  taken  at  "teatime,"  is  an 
entire  substitute  for  the  ordinary  supper  of 
summer,  and  would  give  many  a  man  a  comfort- 
able night's  sleep,  and  an  appetite  for  break- 
fast, to  which  they  are  strangers,  who  will  have 
their  cup  of  tea,  or  supper  of  "relish"  and 
"cake,"  and  berries,  and  peaches  and  cream. — 
TIaIVs  Journal  of  Health. 


Hallway  Air-Cushions. — A  writer  to  the 
Medical  Tones  refers  to  the  fatigue  of  the  limbs 
produced  after  a  long  railway  journey  as  due 
mainly  to  the  trembling  motion  of  the  floor  un- 
der the  feet,  and  states  that,  having  suffered 
considerably  from  this  abuse,  he  was  induced 
to  try  the  experiment  of  using  the  well  known 
air  cushion  as  a  footstool.  This  answered 
well  that  he  has  never  travelled  without  using 


with  distilled  water  and  dilute  solution  of  hy-    one  in  this  way,  and  has  found  the  effect  to  be 
posulphite  of  soda. — Am.  Artisan.  \  a  remarkable  improvement. 


If  a  woman's  pBBSS  is  suddenly  enveloped  in 
flames,  instead  of  running  to  her,  01  out  of  the 

house,    speak    distinctly   and    commanding!? ; 
"Lie down  and  roll  over!"    Meanwhile,  np 

up  the  carpet,  or  drag  oft' a  bed  blanket,  throw 
it  over  the  person,  and  then  pruned  to  wrap 
her  up  closely  in  it;  this  is  a  more  certain  ana 
speedy  extinguisher  than  water,  is  more  access- 
ible, and  entirely  safe  to  the  person  giving  aid. 
If  a  woman  faints  away,  instead  of  yelling  out 
like  a  savage,  or  running  to  lift  her  up,  lay  her 
at  full  length  on  her  back  on  the  Moor,  loosen 
the  clothing,  push  the  crowd  nway,  so  as  to 
allow  the  air  to  reach  her,  and  let  her  alone. 
Dashing  water  over  a  person  in  a  simple  faint- 
ing-fit is  a  barbarity,  and  soils  the  clothing  un- 
necessarily. The  philosophy  of  a  fainting-fit  is, 
the  heart  fails  to  send  the  proper  supply  of 
blood  to  the  brain;  if  the  person  is  erect,  the 
blood  has  to  bo  thrown  up  hill,  but  if  lying 
down,  ithas  to  be  projected  horizontally — which 
requires  less  power,  is  apparent. 

Explosive  Pills. — Some  pills  prescribed  by 
a  physician  in  London  contained  ouc-half  grain 
nitrate  of  silver,  one-sixth  grain  extract  mix 
vomica,  and  one-half  grain  muriate  of  mor- 
phine, together  with  Cons.  ros.  and  extract  of 
gentian.  They  exploded  in  a  very  short  time, 
evolving  a  considerable  amount  of  heat.  A 
similar  case  occurred  in  the  practice  of  Dr. 
Jackson,  of  Nottingham,  England,  who  pre- 
scribed pills  containing  four  grains  nitrate  of 
silver,  one  grain  muriate  of  morphia  and  extract 
gentian.  The  lady  patient,  who  had  the  box 
about  her  person,  was  badly  burned  by  the  ex- 
plosion. Pills  containing  nitrate  of  silver  and 
creosote  or  carbolic  acid  become  heated,  and 
even  take  fire.  Of  course,  when  chlorate  of 
potash  is  employed  the  explosion  is  much  more 
violent. 

Evening  and  Night  Air. — From  the  time 
when  the  sun  withdraws  his  light  in  the  eve- 
ning, until  he  scatters  the  fogs  and  mists  of 
night  with  his  morning  beams,  the  air  is  in  a 
condition  much  less  congenial  to  health  than 
during  the  day.  Light  itself  is  an  invigora- 
ting- element,  and  darkness  has  a  depressing 
effect  upon  the  body  as  well  as  the  mind.  More- 
over, from  the  hour  when  the  dew  begins  to 
fall  or  rise — we  know  not  which — until  the 
East  is  brightened  and  warmed  by  the  morning 
rays,  the  atmosphere  contains  a  smaller  pro- 
portion of  oxygen,  or  vital  air,  than  when  the 
sun  shines. 

For  Offensive  Breath. — For  removing  this 
disagreeable  affection  almost  the  only  safe  and 
effective  thing  to  use  is  the  concentrated  solu- 
tion of  chloride  of  soda.  From  six  to  ten  drops 
of  it  in  a  wineglass  full  of  pure  spring  water, 
taken  immediately  after  the  operations  of  the 
morning  are  completed.  In  some  cases  the 
odor  arising  from  carious  teeth  is  combined 
with  that  of  the  stomach.  If  the  mouth  be 
well  rinsed  with  a  teaspoonful  of  the  solution 
of  the  chloride  in  a  tumbler  of  water,  the  bad 
odor  of  the  teeth  will  be  removed. 

Cool  Rooms. — Open  all  the  windows  and 
doors  at  daylight,  and  let  them  remain  open  at 
least  until  sunrise,  then  close  them,  and  darken 
the  windows,  and  they  will  remain  delightfully 
cool  and  fresh  for  a  great  part  of  the  day,  be- 
sides keeping  out  the  dust  and  flies;  for  want  of 
this  precaution  many  splendid  parlors  have  a 
close  sickening  smell  as  you  enter  them,  wholly 
incapacitating  you  from  enjoying  the  beautiful 
things  around  you,  and  enjoying  the  visit  to 
your  friends. 

When  Beginning  To  Use  Glasses,  use  them 
as  short  a  time  as  possible,  only  in  deficient 
light,  or  on  minute  objects,  and  then  change 
the  strain  to  distant  or  larger  objects.  By  a 
judicious  attention  to  these  two  points,  the  age 
of  the  sight  will  be  retarded  many  years.  And  as 
reading  is  one  of  the  luxuries  of  the  age,  and  ono 
of  its  most  delightful  pastimes  and  amusement ', 
we  can  not  be  too  careful  of  the  eye-sight,  and 
should  study  how  we  may  best  husband  its 
powers. 

Food  forced  upon  the  stomach  in  the  absence 
of  all  appetite,  can  never  properly  nourish  the 
system.  Even  when  it  is  retained,  it  is  never 
more  than  half  digested,  for  the  palate  and  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach  are  in  sym- 
pathy with  each  other,  and  what  the  palate 
loathes,  the  gastric  juice  only  imperfectly  dis- 
I  solves  and  assimilates. 


360 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  8,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editob. 

DEWEY  «fc  CO.,  I*ixl>llsliers. 

A.  T.  DEWEY,  flE0-  H-  BTBONO, 

W.  B.  BWEB,  J**0-  L-  BOONE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
"Wells,  Fargro  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising Rates,  —lweek.  1  month.    Strumitis,   \year. 

Per  line       35  .80  S2.00         $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3  00  7.50         20.00 

One  inch 2.00  5.00  14.00  38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
i  n  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Subscriptions  payable  in  advance— For  one  year,  $4; 
six  months,  $1.50:  three  months,  $1  25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1 H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O,  orders  at  our  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  postpaid,  per  year, 
£1  3s.;  6  months,  12s.  Advertisements,  per  line,  first  in- 
sertion, Is.;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  Sd.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 

Illustbations  and  Reports  op  Mining  Enterprises 
Wanted. — Drawings  or  photographs  of  mining  works  that 
are  of  general  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  inurnal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  and 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  of  special  interest, 
are  also  desired.  Sketches  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  vrv  acceptable. 


Han  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,   June  8,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Kates. 

P'San  Fbanoisoo,  Wednesday,  June  5,  1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying,  88  Ji;  Belling,  89&.  Gold  in  New  Yorb 
to-day,  114  H. 


Table  of  Contents. 

EDITORIALS. -Academy  of  Sciences:  Mining  Suit;  A 
New  Style  Pan;  Miners'  Festival,  360.  About  Pat- 
ents; Mines,  Milleand  Furnaces  of  Pacific  States  and 
Territories:  New  Method  of  Prospecting;  Convenient 
Table  for  Miners,  361- 

ILLU  -TRATIONS.— Hydraulic  Joints,  363.  Warner 
&  Silsby  ImProved  Bed  Spring,  360. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Geology  and  Mining;  San  Di- 
ego Mines,  354. 

SCIENTIFIC     PROGRESS.— Extinguishing    the    Elec 

'  trie  Light  by  the  Approach  of  a  Magnet;  Rail  Light- 
ning; the  Asteroids;  Disappearance  of  a  Star;  Origin 
of  Coal,  355. 

MECHANICAL  PRO  RESS —Weather  Waste  of  Coal; 
Crystallization  in  Wrought  Iron;  "Vitrified  Marble; 
Boiler  Explosions;  Coal  Cutting  Machinery,  355. 

MINING  StTiMMARY— Reports  from  mines  in  various 
States,  C -untjes  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 

356-7. 

USEFUL  INFORM ATION.— Education  of  the  Eye; 
Difference  of  Hydraulic  and  Common  Lime;  Brown 
Tint  for  Iron  and  Steel;  The  Preparation  of  Fancy 
Soaps;  Gimlet  Pointed  Screws;  Waterproof  Leather, 
359. 

GOOD  jHEALTH.— Adulteration  of  Drinks;  Evidences 
of  Illness;  Growing  Men;  Use  of  Lemons;  A  Simple 
and  Effective  Remedy  for  Corns;  Explosive  Pills; 
Cool  Rooms,  359. 

DOMESTIC  ECON  OMJ .— New  Mode  of  Washing;  Econ- 
omy in  the  Household;  Convenient  Arrangement  of 
Houses;  How  to  Cure  Hams;  Orange  Chips;  Selected 
Receipts,  363. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Deep  Mines;  Coos  Bay  Coal 
Measures;  The  Ava  Watts  District,  354.  The  Eber- 
hardt  and  Aurora;  The  Emerald  Miues  of  Muzo;  In- 
creasing the  vigor  of  Growth  in  Plants;  Something 
About  Wool;  California  vs.  Eastern  Butter,  358.  U. 
S.  Centennial  Commission;  New  Incorporations,  361- 


Populab  Science  Monthly. —  This  publi- 
cation fills  a  most  urgent  want  in  the  magazine 
literature  of  the  day,  and  promises  to  become 
immensely  popular.  Scientific  matters  are  here 
treated  in  a  familiar  and  popular  manner  by 
some  of  the  most  eminent  scientists  of  the  day. 
The  magazine  is  issued  in  Appleton'sbest  style, 
and  bids  fair  to  become  immensely  popular. 
The  second  number,  which  has  just  come  to 
hand,  amply  fulfils  the  high  promise  of  the  first. 
It  contains  a  large  number  of  interesting  arti- 
cles, among  which  we  notice  one  from  Herbert 
Spencer  on  Social  Science,  continued  from  No. 
1.  Prof.  Yeomens  gives  an  interesting  article 
on  What  is  Known  About  Sun  Spots.  The 
Natural  History  of  Man  is  continued  from  No. 
1.  One  of  the  fiuest  articles  is  by  an  anony- 
mous writer  on  Darwinism  and  Divinity.  Ev- 
ery article  in  the  two  numbers  which  have  al- 
ready appeared,  are  both  timely  and  well  writ- 
ten, and  constitute  the  cream  of  the  scientific 
literature  of  the  day. 

Mining  Bureau. — We  have  received  the 
first  number  of  the  Monthly  Bulletin  of  the 
Bureau  of  Mining  Information  for  Utah. 
The  Bulletin  contains  some  useful  facts 
concerning  the  furnaces  and  smelting 
works,  stamp  mills,  mining  districts,  etc., 
of  Utah  Territory.  This  Bureau  was  or 
ganized  in  March,  1872,  with  Warren 
Hussey  for  President,  Thos.  P.  Akers, 
Vice-President,  Theo.  F.  Tracy,  Treasurer, 
and  E.  M.  Bornum  as  Actuary  and  Secre- 
tary. It  proposes  to  give  reliable  infor- 
mation in  regard  to  character,  extent, 
development,  etc.,  of  mineral  properties 
in  the  Territory. 


Academy  of  Sciences. 

An  exceedingly  interesting  meeting  of  the 
Academy  of  Sciences  was  held  on  the  5th,  inst. , 
Prof.  Davidson  in  the  Chair.  The  Committee 
appointed  to  draft  resolutions  of  reBpect  to  the 
memory  of  P.  L.  A.  Pioche,  reported,  and  the 
resolution  was  accepted.  A  medallion  of  the 
deceased  member  was  presented  to  the  Society 
by  P.  Mezzara  and  was  acknowledged  with 
thanks.  A  number  of  donations  to  the  oabinet 
were  received. 

The  Proposed  Arctic    Expedition. 

M.  Pavy,  the  young  Frenchman  who  is  about 
to  attempt  to  reach  the  Open  Polar  Sea  by  way 
of  Bherings  Straits  and  "Wrangell's  Land,  was 
introducecLhy  Dr.  Stout.  Hepreseuted  a  letter 
from  the  American  Geographical  Society,  of  New 
York,  commending  him  to  the  courtesy  of  Sci- 
entists all  over  the  world.  Prof.  Davidson 
made  a  few  remarks  concerning  the  proposed 
expedition  and  invited  M.  Pavy  to  explain  by 
means  of  the  charts  the  manner  and  route  by 
which  he  expects  to  reach  the  Pole,  and  give 
his  theory  concerning  the  currents,  etc.,  of  the 
region. 

Mr.  Pavy  then  addressed  the  Association  on 
his  proposed  expedition,  and  gave  them  his 
views  and  reasons  for  attempting  to  reach  the 
open  sea  seen  by  Morton  and  others,  by  the 
way  of  Bhering's  Straits,  instead  of  going  by 
the  other  side.  He  said  that  the  question  of 
the  passage  from  the  Pacific  to  the  Atlantic 
was  an  old  one,  and  only  interesting  from  a 
scientific  point  of  view,  since  the  passage  would 
of  course  be  useless  for  the  purposes  of  com- 
merce. He  then  referred  to  the  various  expe- 
ditions which  have  from  time  to  time  gone  out 
to  explore  the  polar  regions,  and  said  that  al] 
attempts  to  reach  the. 

Open  Polar  Sea 
Had  been  from  the  Eastern  side,  and  that  since 
they  had  all  failed  he  proposed  to  mark  out  a 
new  course  and  make  the  attempt  from  this 
side.  He  gave  many  reasons  why  he  thought 
he  would  be  successful,  and  based  the  princi- 
ple part  of  his  reasoning  on  the  direction  of 
the  currents.  The  Polar  Sea,  he  thought,  was 
not  only  open  in  the  summer,  but  in  the  win- 
ter also.  This  fact  has  been  demonstrated  by 
deduction  from  the  fact  of  wood  being  found  at 
Spitzbergen  which  is  known  to  have  come  origi- 
nally from  the  Anadyr  river,  which  empties  on 
this  coast.  Prof.  Davidson  thought  this  no 
proof  of  it  being  open  in  winter  since  it  might 
take  a  number  of  years  in  its  passage.  M. 
Pavy  supposed  that  this  wood  must  have  been 
carried  by  a  current  which  passes  north  through 
Behring's  Straits. 

He  is  confident  that  Wrangell's  or  Kelly's 
land  extends  much  farther  north  than  the  pres- 
ent known  limits,  and  that  the  course  of  the 
current  referred  to  must  be  deflected  by  this 
continent  toward  the  northwest  where  explor- 
ations have  never  been  made.  Passing  Wran- 
gell's  Land  this  current  in  accordance  with 
known  laws,  must  deflect  toward  the  East,  pass 
through  the  Polar  sea  and  south,  into  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  in  the  vicinity  of  Spitzbergen, 
where  the  deposits  of  wood  referred  to  are 
seen.  This  current  on  the  other  side  runs 
south  as  experience  has  shown,  and  Dr.  Hayes 
found  it  had  a  velocity  of  three  and  one  half 
nautical  miles  per  hour.  This  large  amount  of 
water  coming  from  the  north  precludes  the  idea 
of  much  land  in  that  direction.  He  thinks 
that  the  Gulf  Stream  sinks  in  the  north  at 
Spitzbergen  when  it  comes  in  contact  with  the 
counter  current  from  the  Polar  Sea,  for  known 
reasons. 

The  belt  of  ice  which  surrounds  the  Polar 
Sea,  and  which  keeps  out  the  ships  of  the  ex- 
plorers, Dr.  Kane  thought  was  about  eighty 
years  old.  The  current  running  south  hinders 
the  passage  of  vessels.  The  members  of  the 
Bussian  Expedition  who  thought  last  year  that 
they  had  reached  the  Polar  Sea  have  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  they  were  only  in  a  '  'bight' ' 
in  the  ice  which  was  created  by  the  warm  cur- 
rent of  the  Gulf  Stream.  M.  Pavy  thinks  the 
Gulf  Stream  after  sinking,  as  mentioned  before, 
rises  again  and  keeps  the  sea  open  when  it  be- 
comes superficial.  He  proved  the  existence  of 
this  open  sea  from  the  facts  of  the  birds  and 
animals  passing  north  instead  of  south,  when 
the  cold  weather  came;  certain  species  of  whale 
also  go  north  and  their  breeding  grounds  are  un- 
known. The  open  water  to  the  north  has  been 
seen  by  Morton  and  others,  and  there  is  no 
doubt  that  it  actually  exists. 

M.  Pavy  will  leave  here  so  as  to  reach  Wran- 


gell's Land  by  September  1st,  and  expects  to 
occupy  the  time  from  then  until  May  1873  in 
crossing  northward  with  sledges  and  dogs,  car- 
rying his  india  rubber  raft,  provisions,  etc., 
and  will  launch  his  raft  on  the  Open  Polar  sea, 
cross  it  and  come  down  with  the  current  on  the 
other  side.  He  will  be  on  the  sea  in  the  summer 
and  will  return  by  Smith's  Sound  on  the  other 
side. 

Professor  Davidson 
Differedjrom  M.  Pavy  as  to  the  direction  of 
the  currents,  and  is  in  doubt  about  a  warm 
Polar  Basin.  He  thought  that  the  Gulf  Stream 
flowed  northward  and  rounding  the  Polar  Sea 
flowed  southward  again  through  the  straits  into 
Baffin's  Bay.  He  considered  the  latest  Euro- 
pean charts  of  the  regions  around  Bhering's 
Straits  very  defective.  The  straits  are  25  miles 
wide  and  about  30  fathoms  deep,  the  current 
running  from  one  and  a  half  to  three  knots  per 
hour  and  must  therefore,  from  the  narrowness 
and  shallowness  of  the  passage,  be  entirely  in- 
adequate to  produce  the  effect  which  M.  Pavy 
thinks  it  does.  An  animated  discussion  ensued 
between  M.  Pavy  and  Prof.  Davidson  on  points 
connected  with  the  direction  and  velocity  of  the 
currents  which  was  very  interesting,  and  proved 
that  both  gentlemen  were  thoroughly  posted  on 
the  subject  in  question. 

The  Colorado  Desert. 

Col.  Gray  submitted  to  the  Academy  an  ex- 
tract from  his  report  as  Engineer  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Bailroad  Co.  Lieut,  (now  Col.)  B.  S 
Williamson  in  his  report  on  explorations  for  a 
route  for  the  Pacific  Bailroad  refers  to  a  line 
from  San  Gorgonio  Pass  to  the  San  Diego  and 
Fort  Yuma  wagon  road.  He  says  it  was  evi- 
dent that  the  surface  was  below  the  level  of  the 
sea  and  that  they  were  traveling  in  the  bed  of 
what  was  once  a  lake  or  the  head  of  the  Gulf 
of  California ;  a  water  line  being  visible  and  the 
barometer  indicating  a  depression  nearly  100 
feet  below  the  tide  level. 

E.  A.  Phelps,  assistant  engineer  under  Col 
Gray  has  just  completed  a  survey,  of  a  branch 
line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  B .  K.  via  San  Gor- 
gonio Pass  to  Fort  Yuma.  He  followed  along 
the  east  side  of  the  valley  while  Col.  William- 
son'sroute  lay  on  the  west  side.  Phelp's  line  on 
leaving  the  summit  of  San  Gorgonio  Pass  was 
by  an  easy  grade  about  65  miles ;  then  descending 
gradually  26  6-10  miles  to  a  point  on  the  stage 
road  opposite  Dry  Lake,  the  lowest  point  but 
one  on  the  line,  being  203  feet 

Below  Tide  Water  Level. 
Then  with  an  undulating  grade  to  Salt  Creek, 
about  six  miles.the  lowest  point  on  the  line,  be- 
ing 215  feet  below  tide  level;  then  gradually 
ascending  about  twenty  miles,  where  they 
rose  to  the  sea  level.  The  total  length  of  the 
line  below  sea  level  is  50  6-10  miles.  The  bed 
of  Dry  Lake,  opposite  the  stage  road,  is  at  least 
100  feet  lower  than  any  other  point  on  the  line. 

There  is  a  distinct  water  line  on  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  mountains,  coinciding  with  the  sea 
bvel,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  see  south.  The 
water  line  or  ancient  shore  line  is  still  more 
plainly  visible  on  the  mountains  bordering  the 
western  side  of  the  basin. 

The  Chorvilla  Valley,  lying  within  this  basin 
and  traversed  by  the  line  of  the  road,  is  cover- 
ed with  vegetation,  sage  brush,  arrow-weed 
mesquite  trees;  the  latter  of  which  grow  ten  to 
thirty  feet  high  and  fifteen  inches  in  diameter. 
Water  can  be  found  in  the  valley  by  digging 
from  six  to  ten  feet.  Taking  Williamson's  re- 
port of  the  west  side  of  the  basin,  and  this  re- 
port of  the  east  side,  proves  conclusively  that  a 
large  area  of  the  Colorado  Basin  is  below  the 
sea  level.  Williamson's  elevations  were  taken 
with  the  barometer,  Phelp's  by  leveling  from 
tide  water  of  San  Francisco  Bay.  The  eleva- 
tion of  the  Colorado  river,  at  the  crossing  at 
Fort  Yuma,  was  found  to  be  about  117  feet 
above  sea  level,  which  coincides  with  William- 
son's barometrical  observations. 


Quartz  Mining  in  New  Zealand. — Dur- 
ing the  months  of  March  and  April,  14,997 
tons  of  ore  were  crushed  from  64  mines  in 
New  Zealand,  which  produced  a  yield  of 
27,388  ounces  of  gold,  valued  at  $15  per 
ounce. 


Meteorological. — The  monthly  mean  of  the 
barometer  in  San  Francisco  during  May  was 
29.986  inches.  The  monthly  mean  of  the 
thermometer  was  56.3°;  and  0.18  inches  of 
rain  fell.  The  prevailing  wind  was  southwest 
and  the  total  number  of  miles  it  traveled  was 
8,  355. 


Mining  Suit. — Charles  F.  McDermotfc 
brought  suit  in  the  Twelfth  District  Court, 
on  the  5th  inst.,  against  the  Raymond  & 
Ely  mine  to  recover  950-1350th  part  of  the 
product  of  the  mine  for  last  year  and  for 
that  proportion  of  the  mine.  The  plain- 
tiff alleges  that  he  and  others  located  the 
Panaca  silver  mine  (now  the  Baymond  & 
Ely)  in  August,  1862,  in  Meadow  Valley 
District,  and  that  in  March,  1864,  Thos. 
Box,  Steven  Sherwood,  J.  N.  Vandernark 
and  S.  S.  Shutt  made  a  separate  location 
adjoining  the  one  before  referred  to.  He 
claims  to  have  come  into  possession  of  a 
part  of  the  mine  by  certain  conveyances. 
On  March  1st,  1872,  the  defendants  en- 
tered upon  what  is  known  as  the  "  discov- 
ery claim  "  of  the  mine,  which  is  claimed 
by  the  plaintiff,  and  commenced  working 
the  ground.  He  says  that  from  May  1st, 
1871>  to  June  1st,  1872,  defendants  have 
taken  from  said  claim  ores  valued  at  Si, 
500,000,  and  that  he  is  entitled  to  a  certain 
proportion  of  the  profits  since  that  by  right 
of  discovery  and  of  conveyance  a  portion  of 
the  mine  belongs  to  him.  The  plaintiff  prays 
that  defendants  be  compelled  to  pass  over 
to  him  the  proportion  of  profits  stated 
above,  and  that  a  receiver  be  appointed  to 
work  the  mine  and  deposit  plaintiffs  pro- 
portion of  profits  monthly,  in  some  inter- 
est paying  instiution  in  this  city  to  be  paid 
on  order  of  the  Court  to  the  plaintiff;  and 
that  he  be  let  into  possession  of  his  pro- 
portion of  the  property. 

A  New  Style  Pan.— Ira  S.  Parke  has 
recently  planned  and  had  made  for  him  an 
amalgamating  pan  for  working  tailings. 
The  Gold  Hill  News  says  that  the  principle 
of  the  pan  is  a  correct  one,  and  will  doubt- 
less prove  a  success.  It  is  simply  a  huge 
double  pan,  being  about  twelve  feet  long 
by  six  feet  wide.  The  bottom  portion  is 
of  cast-iron,  about  a  foot  deep,  and  the 
wooden  sides  when  completed  will  make  it 
five  feet  higher,  or  six  feet  deep  in  all, 
calculated  to  work  about  twenty  tons  of 
tailings  at  a  charge.  The  bottom  portion 
alone  weighs  7,500  pounds,  independent  of 
the  cones,  mullers,  etc.,  and  when  the 
whole  is  ready  for  use  it  will  be  taken  to 
Parke  &  Bowie's  .tailings  mill  in  Six  Mile 
Canon.  The  castings  were  made  at  the 
Gold  Hill  Foundry,  Lower  Gold  Hill. 

Miners'  Festival. — The  members  of  the 
Miners  Association  will  hold  a  festival 
on  the  9th  and  10th  inst.  at  the  City  Gar- 
dens in  this  city.  There  will  be  a  proces- 
sion, after  that  a  lunch,  and  an  effort  will 
be  made  to  show  as  far  as  possible  mining 
in  some  of  its  branches,  and  life  of  miners 
in  their  cabins.  The  advertisement  says 
that  on  Monday  at  1  T*.  m.  there  will  be 
some  prize  mining  connected  with  the 
preparation  of  flapjacks,  pork  and  beans 
and  the  presenting  of  a  true  and  complete 
picture  of  miners  in  their  housekeeping 
and  the  enjoyments  of  the  miners  in  the 
olden  time.  They  will  endeavor  to  show 
the  public  a  representation  of  the  early 
mining  days  in  California. 

Miners'  Strtke. — About  100  miners,  em- 
ployed by  the  Treasure  Hill  Companies, 
at  Hamilton,  Nevada,  "struck"  for  $4 per 
day  on  the  4th  inst.  Their  demand  was 
at  first  refused  and  all  the  mines  in  the 
vicinity  closed  down,  but  next  day  three 
or  four  of  the  companies  acceded  to  the 
demands  and  consented  to  pay  that  figure 
to  skilled  miners. 

The  Wool  Clip  in  Tulare. — The  season 
shows  a  falling  off — owing  to  the  severity  of  the 
winter — as  compared  with  the  clip  of  last  year. 
The  Visalia  Delia,  from  the  best  information  it 
can  obtain,  through  the  wool-growers  and  pur- 
chasing houses,  estimates  this  year's  product 
at  947,335  pounds.  Last  year  it  reached  1,474,- 
500  pounds. 

Another  suit  has  been  instituted  against 
the  Flagstaff  mine,  Utah  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  receiver. 


June  8,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


361 


About  Patents. 

There  seenisto  be  an  infatuation  connected 
with  invention  which  acts  in  somewhat  the 
same  manner  that  gaming  affects  the  gambler. 
Some  one  has  called  it  patent  lutiuev,  and  in 
fact  it  amounts  to  nothing  leas.  It  is  tho  re- 
sult of  a  constant  and  continued  Application  of 
the  thoughts  and  feelings  upon  one  single  sub- 
ject  until  it  assumes  its  most  captivating  and 
tempting  form.  This  letting  aflbete  every  ta- 
v-iitor  to  a  greatei  <-r  leas  extent,  and  in  a  few 
caaea  amounts  to  a  positive  mairis,  Wtto  has 
not  at  Bome  lime  or  other  been  compelled  to 
listen  to  the  laudatiou  of  aome  new  stylo  of 
churn,  washing  machine,  or  other  Invention, 
by  ;m  overxxmflde&t  Inventor. 

Tot  without  this  mania,  this  same  OVtir-oon- 
fldent  feeling,  our  patent  Office  would  have 
little  to  do  and  our  program  would  in  a 
measure  stagnate.  The  primary  cause  of  this 
mania  is  tho  liberal  provisions  which  our  law- 
makers have  established  in  favor  of  tin  inwnt- 
or.  The  monopoly  of  any  useful  invention  for 
the  term  of  seventeen  years,  in  competent 
hands,  is  almost  invariably  equivalent  to  a  for- 
tune, and  it  is  therefore  HO  wonder  (hat  Wfl 
find  a  large  proportion  of  our  population  ever 
on  the  alert  to  pick  up  or  originate  a  new  idea, 
or  a  useful  machine,  and  when  once  the  idea  is 
seized  upon,  the  mania  alluded  to  is  the  engine 
that  urges  on  the  originator  to  complete  and 
patent  the  result. 

In  foreign  countries,  where  the  laws  are  not 
so  favorable  to  the  inventor,  the  incentive-  to 
originate  new  ideas  is  not  so  great,  and  conse- 
quently we  find  that  fewer  patents  are  applied 
for. 

It  is  a  familiar  remark  in  the  Vnited  States 
that  if  any  new  machine  or  improvement  is  re- 
quired, it  is  only  necessary  to  let  the  people 
know  it  and  it  will  soon  be  provided,  not 
ouly  one  but  a  hundred,  thus  proving  the  adage 
that"  necessity  is  the  mother  of  invention." 

In  many  cases  this  mania  only  lasts  until  the 
patent  is  secured,  as  the  reaction,  if  it  does  oc- 
cur, is  more  likely  to  happen  at  that  time  than 
at  any  other  ;  the  crisis  has  passed.  This  is 
unfortunate,  as  then  is  the  time  when  oil  of  the 
mania  of  the  inventor  is  most  required.  The 
energy  necessary  to  successfully  handle  a  pa- 
tent is  seldom  possessed  by  the  inventor,  at 
least  by  the  professional  inventor.  He  gets  up 
a  good  head  of  steam  to  begin  with  and  success- 
fully secures  his  idea,  but  his  steam  has  all  ex- 
hausted by  this  time  and  no  further  progress  is 
ever  made.  (By  substituting  the  word  "mon- 
ey "  for  the  word  "  steam  "  in  the  lastsentenee, 
the  case  will  perhaps  be  more  perfectly  stated.) 
We  therefore  say  to  the  patentee,  keep  up  the 
mania  ;  don't  let  it  flag  when  you  have  secured 
your  patent.  Throw  all  of  your  energies  into 
the  business  of  introducing  the  invention. 
Don't  allowr  yourself  to  ask  a  price  for  your  pa- 
tent which  is  twenty  times  more  than  it  is 
worth,  and  more  than  you  hope  ever  to  sell  it 
for.  Be  satisfied  with  a  good,  ordinary  profit, 
and  you  may  be  assured  that  when  once  you 
have  it  introduced  and  in  public  use  your  reve- 
nue from  it  will  repay  you  for  your  ingenuity, 
and  all  of  the  time  and  money  you  have  spent 
upon  it,  if  the  invention  is  in  any  way  useful 
to  the  public. 

Mixing  Sales. — The  Helena  ditch,  in  Mon- 
tana, better  known  as  the  Big  Ditch,  has  been 
sold  to  "\Vm.  A.  Chessman,  for  $28,500.  It  is 
30  miles  long  and  covers  Last  Chance,  Dry 
Gulch,  Helena  Hill,  Calif  ornia  Bar  and  Bowery 
and  Michigan  Gulches. 

The  Eureka  Sentinel  says  that  the  Excelsior 
and  Gaslight  mines,  on  Prospect  Mountain, 
near  New  York  canon  have  been  sold  to  Thos. 
J.  Taylor  &  Co.  for  ¥25,000. 

The  Eagle  mine  in  Spring  Valley  canon,  says 
the  Unionville  Silver  State,  has  been  sold  to 
Geo.  B.  Walker,  of  Salt  Lake,  for  $17,000. 

The  Grass  Valley  Union  says  that  M.  Mc- 
Donough  has  purchased  the  claims  of  the 
Irish  American  Co.  which  are  on  the  old 
Auburu  road,  near  the  North  Star  companies 
claims.  Consideration  not  stated. 

It  is  reported  that  the  McMahone  mine,  near 
Schellburn,  hasbeensold  to  a  San  Francisco  Co. 
for  $30,000. 


Mining  Accidents. — The  foreman  of  the 
Prospect  Flat  Cement  Mining  Company  at 
Placerville,  H.  L  Newton,  was  killed  on  the 
3d  ult.  by  a  loaded  car  which  fell  from  the 
upper  level  through  the  shaft. 

Mr.  Branvelt,  one  of  the  engineers  at  the 
Stonewall  mill,  near  Julian  City,  San  Diego 
Co.,  was  run  over  by  a  wagon  last  week,  and 
was  injured  to  such  an  extent  that  the  amputa- 
tion of  an  arm  was  necessary. 


A  Self-Fastening  Bed  Spring. 

We  give  annexed  on  illustration  of  a  u»-w  de- 
vice for  securing  bed  springs.  As  will  be 
soeu  by  the  single  spring  herewith  shown,  the 
bottom  of  which  is  so  constructed  as  t 
Uii<  slat  and  hold  itself  firmly  iu  position,  each 
racing  is  thus  st'lf-fistening,  and  cau  be  an* 
plied  -lin  ,'tiy  to  the  alata  d!  the  bedstead  with- 
out mating  noli  -;  or  any  other  preparation, and 
being  all  oomnlete  in  itself,  needs  nut  the  at- 
1  a*  himnt  of  tui\  voocl*  iron  or  leather  work  to 
fasten  it  to  the  bedstead  or  to  oonnsot  it  to  the 
other  springs.  Moreover,  when  any  one  spring 
gives  out  it  tan  In  readily  displaced  and  u  new 
one  substituted. 

They  Are  idaim.  d  to  1"-  superior  t<<  anv  other. 

because  they  are  sampler,  more  elastic,  do  not 
squeak,  (as  mosl  [at bed  ipringsdp,)  have  no 
aracks  Ot  holes  in  which  the  vermin  can  hide, 
and  have  no  strings  to  break  OX  leathers  to  pull 
out.  They  are  equal  to  the  best  upholstered 
spring  beds,  as  they  arc  exactly  like  them  in  the 
principle  of  action,  being  a  spiral  spring,  (which 
is  acknowledged  to  be  the  most  elastic  and 
strongest  spring  known,)  and  superior  to  them, 
in  as  much  as  they  are  not  covered  with  cloth, 
which  collects  dust  and  vermin,  are  much  easier 
to  handle,  and  cost  only  about  one-half  as  much. 
These  springs  cau  bo  applied  to  any  ordinary 
shit  bedstead.  Their  number  cau  be  increased 
or  diminished  at  any  time.  From  three  to  five 
dozen  make  n  set,  and  a  set  can  be  packed  in  a 


New  Method  of  Prospecting. 

Under  the  above  head  w  made  allusion  iu 
>.f  May  1st  to  a  m-w  method  of  pros- 
pecting,  mentioned  by  the  Nevada  Trans 
about  to  be  put  in  operation  at  North  Bloom- 
Hi  Id,  by  drilling  a  hole  at  the  start  to  the  full 
proposed  depth  •>(  the  shaft  with  a  diamond 
drill,  and  filling  thi  ind,  and  hiking 

out  the  sand  i>>  the  proper  depth  Cor  successive 
1  iio-  opinion  that  such  ■ 
plan  would  ntit  work;  but  that  if  one  holi    v,a 
bored  in  the  oi  uter,  and  sev<  raj  more  around  it, 

and  all   fired    siinultan.  tonsly    by    electricity,  a 

i  time  and  labor  would  result. 
During  ili-  1  1  have  u  oeived  a  pri- 

vate  letter  from  Prof,  Wjn.  is.  Blake,  from 
which  we  learn  that  the  plan  we  suggested  has 
}•<■•  n  put  into  practical   operation    in    1 
vonia.    Wo inuke  the  following*  itracl  from  the 
1.  ttei  : 

"  I  was  for  11  da}  or  two  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Institute  oi  Mining  Engineers,  al  NTevi  Stork,  nl 
which  several  verj  tmportanl  papers  were  read, 
and  among  them  one  describing  a  very  great  ad- 
vance iu  l  lie  art  <>f  shaft -si  nl;  iii'.;,  now  Kim; 
practically  shown  in  twit  shafts  iu  Pennsylvania. 
The  diamond  drill  is  used,  and  a  series  of  verti- 
cal holes  are  bored  at  even  distances  within  the 
walls  of  the  shaft  or  its  limits,  horizontally. 
These  holes  are  bored  to  a  depth  of  800  feet, 
and  are  then  all  filled  up  wilh  sand.  When  all 
is  ready  to  begin  blasting,  three  feet  in  depth  of 
the  sand  is  pumped  out  of  all  of  the  holes.  A 
charge  of  dynamite  is  placed  En  mch  of  the  cen- 
tral holes,  and  these  charges  are  all   simultane- 


WARNER     &    SILSBY'S     IMPROVED     BED    SPRING. 


space  of  one  foot  square,  and  can  be  attached 
to  the  slats  by  any  person,  so  that  no  upholsterer 
is  required  for  stich  work.  The  attention  of 
furniture  dealers,  hotel  keepers  and  others  is 
called  to  this  new  device,  as  one  especially 
worthy  of  their  attention.  They  may  be  seen 
at  G-12  Mission  street. 


Twentx-fiye  hillion  of  dollars  has  been 
appropriated  by  the  city  of  Birmingham, 
Eng.,  to  establish  a  system  of  sewage. 


"Mines,  Mills   and  Furnaces   of  the 
Pacific  States  and  Territories." 

Commissioner  Eajunond's  last  report,  "Mines, 
Mills  and  Furnaces  of  the  Pacific  States  and 
Territories,"  published  by  J.  B.  Ford  &  Co.,  of 
New  York,  cau  now  be  had.  "We  have  sev- 
eral times  alluded  to  Mr.  Raymonds  book,  the 
Congressional  edition  of  which,  however,  on  ac- 
count of  the  meagreness  of  appropriation,  was 
not  circulated  as  extensively  as  its  importance 
required.  In  fact  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
get  a  copy  on  this  coast,  where  it  is  most 
needed.  The  present' edition  was  printed  as  a 
private  enterprise  and  this  really  valuable  report 
will  now  be  accessible  to  all.  It  gives  an  ac- 
count of  the  condition,  resources,  and  methods 
of  the  mining  and  metallurgical  industry  on 
this  coast,  chiefly  relating  to  the  precious 
metals,  and  is  a  sequel  to  "American  Mines  and 
Mining." 

The  book  is  one  which  is  of  interest  to  every 
miner  and  mill-man  on  the  Pacific  Slope,  since 
it  gives  not  only  a  review  of  mining  industry, 
statistics,  etc.,  but  a  large  proportion  of  the 
work  is  devoted  to  the  subject  of  metallurgical 
processes,  which  are  important  to  all.  The 
condition  of  mining  industry  of  each  State  and 
Territory  is  taken  up  and  treated  in  a  separate 
chapter;  the  metallurgical  processes  are  under 
appropriate  heads,  written  in  an  easily  compre- 
hensive style,  while  they  are,  at  the  same  time 
sufficiently  in  detail  to  permit  of  a  thorough 
understanding  of  the  subject  under  considera- 
tion. The  work  is  one  of  great  importance  to 
the  mining  community  on  this  coast,  and  will 
fully  repay  any  one  its  cost  (S3. 50).  Dewey  & 
Co.,  of  the  Scientific  Press,  are  the  publish- 
ers' wholesale  and  retail  agents  for  the  work  on 
this  side  of  the  continent. 


ously  exploded  by  electricity.  The  result  is  that 
a  mass  of  rock  is  lifted  out  of  the  center  to  a 
depth  of  three  feet.  The  sides  are  then  blasted 
down,  and  when  the  rubbish  is  cleared  out  the 
operation  is  repeated.  The  result  is  a  clean-cut 
shaft,  with  sides  almost  as  smooth  as  if  they 
had  been  cut  down  by  chisels.  The  work  pro- 
ceeds with  great  rapidity.  Some  important  im- 
provements have  been  made  in  the  drill-earners. 
Compressed  air  will  soon  replace  the  rotary  en- 
gines now  used.  I  have  not  time  to  enter  into 
the  details.  They  will  all  appear  in  the  journal 
of  the  Institute." 


U.  S.  Centennial  Commission. 

We  have  received  from  Prof.  Wm,  B.  Blake, 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  to  propose  a  system 
of  classification  for  the  Centennial  Exposition 
<.f  1876,  some  printed  slips,  in  advance  of  pub- 
lication, giving  a  report  of  the  programme 
whieh  has  been  made  in  the  work  of  that  Com- 
mitter. Iu  the  formation  of  the  system  pro- 
posed, the  governing  idea  has  been  to  group  to- 
gether objects  in  the  following  order: — 

1.  The  natural  products  useful  to  man,  or  the 

of  manufactures. 

2.  The  manufactures  and  resnlts  of  the  com- 
laiiatinus  of  these  products. 

3.  The  means  and  appliances  by  which  such 
results  have  been  accomplished. 

1.  The  resultant  effects  of  such  productive 
activity. 

The  raw  materials  are  first  presented,  and 
then  in  succession  the  results  of  their  use  by 
man,  having  until  the  last  the  higher  achieve- 
ments of  intellect  and  imagination. 

It  is  a  natural  and  Simple    classification,    and 

we  think  well  calculated  to  show  effect- 
ively— more  effectively  than  any  other  system — 
the  .development  of  man,  and  the  progress  of 
the  arts  and  of  civilization. 

Teu  comprehensive  divlsons,  to  be  named  De- 
partments, have  been  arranged,  each  of  which 
arc  subdivided  into  ten  groups,  each  group  into 
ten  classes,  thus  giving  abundance  of  latitude 
for  the  appropriate  reference  and  classification 
of  any  object.  It  was  one  of  the  defectB  ot  the 
classification  of  1807  that  there  was  not  enough 
classes.  The  arrangement  now  proposed  not 
only  remedies  this  difficulty,  but  it  also  gives  us 
elasticity  and  an  opportunity  for  expansion 
under  every  group  and  under  every  department; 
an  advantage  that  only  tho^e  who  have  had  to 
deal  with  exhibitions  can  fully  understand  and 
appreciate. 

The  departments  will  be  numbered  from  I  to 
X,  a -id  the  groups  from  1  to  100,  while  the 
classes  will  be  numbered  from  1  to  1003.  Thus 
the  number  of  any  cla:-s  will  at  one  indicate  the 
group  and  department  to  which  it  belongs. 
This  is  a  system  similar  to  that  upon  which  tho 
houses  are  numbered  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
where  the  number  of  the  house  at  once  indi- 
cates its  location  with  respect  to  the  streets. 

A  peculiar  and  interesting  feature  in  the  ar- 
rangement will  be  the  effort  to  show,  at  a  glance, 
the  progress  of  industry  and  invention,  espe- 
cially in  the  United  States  dining  the  century. 
For  instance,  the  printing  press  of  Franklin 
will  be  shown  in  the  same  range  with  those  of 
Hoe,  Adams  and  Bullock. 

The  cotton  gin  of  "Whitney,  yet  preserved, 
will  stand  side  by  Bide  with  those  used  to-day, 
and  the  early  efforts  to  construct  locomotives 
will  be  contrasted  with  the  latest. 

"We  understand  that  the  arrangements  for  the 
exhibition  are  being  made  in  a  most  satisfactory 
and  energetic  manner. 

A  Convenient  Table  for  Miners. 


It  is  often  convenient  to  weigh  large  bars  of 
bullion  on  a  platform  scale,  and  to  calculate 
Troy  ounces  from  the  avoirdupois  weight  so  ob- 
tained. 

This  is  specially  the  case  at  isolated  niiniDg 
localities,  where  no  accurate  bullion  balances 
and  sets  of  large  Troy  weights  can  be  obtained. 
The  following  table,  which  has  been  prepared 
for  us  by  Mr.  H.  G.  Hanks,  will  be  found  very 
useful  in  such  cases: 


New    Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Ceown  Point  Ravine  G.  and  S.  M.  Co. — 
May  31.  Location:  Gold  Hill  District,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,00u  shares. 
Trustees— George  D.  Roberta,  J.  J.  Hucks,  S. 
W.  Lee,  Martin  White  and  M.  C.  Hillyer. 

Ruby  Hill  M.  and  M.  Co. — May  31.  Loca- 
tion: Ruby  Hill  District,  White  Pine.  Capital 
stock,  §3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees- 
Ferdinand  Vassault,  Thomas  R.  Hayes,  E.  J. 
Moore,  H.  W.  Byington  and  Benjamin  Dore. 

Aztec  M.  Co. — June  4.  Location:  Ely  Dis- 
trict, Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  in  30.0UU  shares.  Trustees— Geo. 
D.  Roberts,  G.  Howard  Thompson,  M.  J.  Mc- 
Manus,  Peter  Hopkins  and  Robert  J.  Harri- 
son. 

Insurance  M.  Co.— June  4.  Location:  Vir- 
ginia M.  District,  Storey  county,  Nevada. 
Capital  stock,  §3,000,000,  iu  30,000  shares. 
Trustees — James  L.  Blaikie,  Samuel  L.  Thel- 
ler,  R.  F.  Bunker,  R.  G.  Brown  and  John 
Landers. 

Fairfield  S.  M.  Co. — June  5.  Location  : 
Wallipai  District,  Mohave  Co.,  Arizona.  Capi- 
tal stock,  $1,200,000,  in  12,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees— W.  H.  Hardy,  Herman  Brixbaum  and 
William  J.  Bennett. 

Rising  Star  M.  Co. — June  5.  Location  : 
Nevada  county,  California.  CapiLal  stock,  j>2i- 
000,000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trustees— Wm.  J. 
Gunn,  J.  J.  Hucks,  Charles  E.  Elliott,  Thomas 
Bryan  and  C.  M.  Kinne. 

Concentrators. — Parties  who  have  inquired 
of  us  about  ore  concentrators  are  referred  to  a 
certificate  appearing  this  week  in  the  advertise- 
ment of  Hendy's  Patent  Concentrator. 


Avoirdupois. 
I  ounce 


10  " 

11  " 

12  •' 

13  " 

14  " 

15  "       .. 

1  pound.. 

2  " 

3  " 


Troy  ounces. 
"114    5    8 
3    3    9    16 


9     3     7     4     9     1) 


5    8    8    3    3    3 


0  8  3  3  3  3 
0  6  6  6  6  6 
2     4     9    9     9     9 


A  siugle  example  will  explain :  Suppose  the 
bar  to  weigh  74  pounds  and  9  ounces;  set  the 
figures  thus : 

70  pounds 


Look  for  7  pounds  in  the  table.  Opposite 
will  be  found  102.0833  + ;  move  the  decimal 
point  one  place  to  the  right,  and  it  will  repre- 
sent 70  pounds;  set  this  on  the  first  line  to  the 
right  of  the  "70." 

Opposite  4  pounds  in  the  table  will  be  found 
58.333+  ounces.     Set  this  under  the  first. 

Opposite  9  ounces  in  the  table  will  be  found 
8.203 +;  place  this  under  those  already  set 
down,  and  add  the  whole  together.  The  sum 
represent  the  weight  of  the  bar  in  Troy  ounces 
and  decimals. 

70  pounds 1020.833 

4      "  08.333 

9  ounces 8.203 

74  pounds  9  ounces 1037.36*,( 


362 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  8,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


New  Mode  of  Washing. 

Science  is  not  above  giving  its  attention  to 
even  the  smallest  things,  as  is  shown  by  an  arti- 
cle in  the  MonUeur  Scientifique  for  March, where- 
in Dr.  Queoneville  describes  something  new  in 
washing,  whereby  our  linen  may  be  saved  from 
the  destructive  effects  of  soda  and  other  wash- 
ing-powders. 

The  plan  has  been  extensively  adopted  in 
Germany,  and  introduced  into  Belgium.  The 
operation  consists  in  dissolving  two  pounds  of 
soap  in  about  three  gallons  of  water  as  hot  as 
the  hand  can  bear,  and  adding  to  this  one  table- 
spoonful  of  turpentine  and  three  of  liquid  am- 
monia; the  mixture  must  then  be  well  stirred, 
and  the  linen  steeped  in  it  for  two  or  three 
hours,  taking  care  to  cover  up  the  vessel  con- 
taining them  as  nearly  hermetically  as  possible. 
The  clothes  are  afterward  washed  out  and  rinsed 
in  the  usual  way.  The  soap  and  water  may  be 
reheated  and  used  a  second  time,  but  in  that 
case  half  a  tablespoonful  of  turpentine  and  a 
tablespoonful  of  ammonia  must  be  added.  The 
process  is  said  to  cause  a  great  economy  of 
time,  labor  and  fuel.  The  linen  scarcely  suf- 
fers at  all,  as  there  is  little  necessity  for  rub- 
bing, and  its  cleanliness  and  color  are  perfect. 
The  ammonia  and  turpentine,  although  their 
detersive  action  is  great,  have  no  injurious  ef- 
fect upon  the  linen ;  and.  while  the  former  evap- 
orates immediately,  the  smell  of  the  latter  is 
said  to  disappear  entirely  during  the  drying  of 
the  clothes. — Am.  Artizan. 

We  would  add  to  the  above  the  following 
from  the  Providence  Journal,  on  the  specific  use 
of  ammonia  for  various  household  purposes: — 

Ammonia,  or  as  it  is  commonly  called,  spirits 
of  hartshorn,  is  a  powerful  alkali,  and  dissolves 
grease  or  dirt  with  great  ease.  It  has  been 
recommended  very  highly  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. For  "washing  paint,  put  a  teaspoonful 
in  a  quart  of  moderately  hot  water,  dip  in  a 
flannel  cloth,  and  then  wipe  off  the  woodwork; 
no  scrubbing  will  be  necessary.  For  taking 
grease  spots  from  any  fabric  use  the  ammonia 
nearly  pure,  then  lay  white  blotting-paper  over 
the  spot  and  iron  it  lightly.  In  washing  lace, 
put  about  twelve  drops  in  a  pint  of  warm  suds. 
To  clean  silver,  mix  two  teaspoonfuls  of  am- 
monia in  a  quart  of  hot  suds.  Put  in  your  sil- 
ver-ware and  wash,  using  an  old  nail-brush  or 
tooth-brush  for  the  purpose.  For  cleaning 
hair-brushes,  etc.,  simply  shake  the  brushes  up 
and  down  in  a  mixture  of  a  tablespoonful  of 
ammonia  to  one  pint  of  hot  water;  when  they 
are  cleansed  rinse  them  in  cold  water,  and  stand 
them  in  the  wind  or  in  a  hot  place  to  dry.  For 
washing  finger-marks  from  looking-glasses  or 
windows,  put  a  few  drops  of  ammonia  on  a 
moist  rag,  and  make  quick  work  of  it.  If  you 
wish  your  house  plants  to  flourish,  put  a  few 
drops  of  the  spirits  in  every  pint  of  water  used 
in  watering.  A  teaspoonful  will  add  much  to 
the  refreshing  effects  of  the  bath.  Nothing  is 
better  than  ammonia  water  in  cleaning  the  hair. 
In  every  case  rinse  off  the  ammonia  with  clear 
water.  To  which  we  would  add  that,  for  re- 
moving grease  spots,  a  mixture  of  equal  parts 
of  ammonia  and  alcohol  is  better  than  alcohol 
alone;  and  for  taking  out  the  red  stains  pro- 
duced by  the  strong  acids  in  blue  and  black 
clothes,  there  is  nothing  better  than  ammonia. 

Economy  in  the  Household. 

Mrs.  0.  T.,  of  Missouri,  writes  sensbly  re- 
garding economy  in  the  house  and  on  the  fann. 
Housekeepers  should  not  go  in  debt  to  the 
storekeepers  just  because  they  will  trust  them 
for  a  few  months.  When  one  cannot  pay  for 
table  luxuries,  it  is  not  wise  to  use  them  three 
times  per  day.  It  is  not  right  to  give  children 
tea  and.  coffee  just  because  it  may  look  stingy 
to  outside  people,  when  we  know  that  the 
children  are  better  off  without  them.  Trying 
to  keep  up  with  the  fashions  is  extravagance 
on  the  part  of  the  farmer's  wife  and  daughters, 
unless  wealthy.  To  dress  neatly  and  comfort- 
ably is  all  that  is  required.  Use  more  fruits  and 
vegetables.  The  finest  flour  is  not  the  best; 
mix  the  shorts  with  the  flour  and  the  food  is 
more  palatable  and  healthful.  She  prepares 
the  mixture  as  follows: 

Take  about  one-fourth  fine  flour  and  three- 
fourths  shorts,  raise  with  yeast  and  bake  on  a 
griddle.  The  cakes  are  to  be  eaten  with  mo- 
lasses or  butter,  or  both,  the  same  as  buckwheat 
cakes. 

Her  letter  closes  as  follows:  "It  is  the  duty 
of  every  housekeeper  to  see  that  nothing  goes 
to  waste  in  or  about  the  house  that  she  can 
make  use  of,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  every  farmer 
to  see  that  nothing  goes  to  waste  on  the  farm 
that  he  can  make  use  of.  If  we  will  attend  to 
these  things  we  will  get  along  better  and  we 
shall  like  farm  life  better.  We  let  too  much  of 
labor  come  to  naught." — Prairie  Farmer. 

A  Rival  to  Tea  and  Coffee. — Tea  and  coffee 
are  threatened  with  a  Brazilian  rival,  called 
guarana.  The  guarana  consists  of  the  seeds  of 
a  tree  known  to  botanist  as  the  paulinas  sorbitis 
which  is  very  abundant.  The  tree  produces 
fruit  about  the  size  of  a  walnut,  containingfive 
or  six  seeds.  The  seeds  are  roasted,  mixed  with 
water  and  dried.  Before  being  used  they  re- 
quire grinding  when  they  fall  into  a  kind  of 
powder.  The  active  principle  is  an  alkaloid 
identical  with  that  found  in  ten  or  coffee,  but 
there  is  twice  as  much  of  it  in  guarana  as  there 
is  in  tea.  The  effects  are  similar  to  those  of 
tea  and  coffee. 


Convenient  Arrangement  of  Houses. 

It  would  seem  that  the  adjustment  of  the 
rooms  is  secondary  to  external  appearances, 
while  the  reverse  is  indeed  the  case.  A  kitchen 
should  be  in  an  L;  that  in  summer  the  house 
need  not  be  heated,  and  in  winter  filled  with 
the  odor  of  cooking.  The  kitchen  and  living 
room  should  have  but  one  door  between  them, 
and  without  passages  or  steps  up  or  down. 

The  size  of  the  kitchen  should  be  determined 
by  the  uses  for  which  it  is  designed.  For  my- 
self, I  should  prefer  to  have  it  small,  say  twelve 
feet  each  way,  with  a  cupboard,  sink,  cistern 
pump  and  painted  floor. 

The  kitchen  disposed  of,  then  comes  what  is 
scarcely  second  in  importance — the  bedrooms. 
A  woman  who  wishes  to  concentrate  her  work 
as  much  as  possible,  will  prefer  having  at  least 
her  own  sleeping  apartment  on  the  ground 
floor,  and  opening  directly  into  the  living  room. 
And  all  know  that  this  should  be  large  and  well 
ventilated,  with  a  closet  opening  into  it. 

Running  up  and  down  stairs  is  woman-killing 
work,  and  should  be  avoided  as  much  as  possi- 
ble, by  having  one  or  more  bedrooms  below. 
The  living  room  and  parlors  can  be  disposed  of 
according  to  the  taste  and  means  of  the  builder. 

We  are  annually  presented  with  plans  for 
country  cottages,  which  abound  on  the  outside 
with  ornament,  and  on  the  inside  with  a  laby- 
rinth of  entries,  passages  and  pantries  (pantries 
and  closets  are  of  course  necessary).  That 
utility  should  be  sacrificed  to  ornament  is  evi- 
dently in  bad  taste,  besides  being  poor  econo- 
my. If  a  man's  means  are  not  sufficient  for 
both,  build  substantially,  and  trust  the  future 
for  decorating  the  outside. 

A  substantial,  well  proportioned,  well  kept 
house,  is  always  a  good  looking  house.  But 
boards  placed  around  the  bottom  to  hide  an 
unsightly  opening  beneath,  with  latticed  porches 
and  ornamental  cornices,  is  a  disgrace  to  the 
roadside. — Ohio  Farmer. 


How  to  Cure  Hams. — Here  is  J.  Howard 
McHenry's  recipe:  The  meat,  after  being  cut 
out,  must  be  rubbed,  piece  by  piece,  with  very 
finely  powdered  saltpetre,  on  the  flesh  side,  and 
where  the  leg  is  cut  off;  a  tablespoonful  (not 
heaped)  to  each  ham,  a  dessert-spoonful  to  each 
shoulder,  and  about  half  that  quantity  to  each 
middling  and  jowl;  this  must  be  rubbed  in. 
Then  salt  it  by  packing  a  thin  coating  of  salt 
on  the  flesh  side  of  each  piece,  say  one-half  an 
inch  thick;  pack  the  pieces  on  a  scaffolding,  or 
on  a  floor  with  strips  of  plank  laid  a  few  inches 
apart  alfover  it  (that  is,  under  the  meat) ;  the 
pieces  must  be  placed  skin  side  down,  in  the 
following  order:  first  layer,  hams;  second, 
shoulders; third,  jowls;  fourth,  middlings.  Take 
the  spare  rib  out  of  the  middlings.  The 
meat  must  lie  in  this  wise:  Six  weeks,  if  the 
weather  is  mild,  and  eight  if  very  cold,  the 
brine  being  allowed  to  run  off  freely. 

Obange  Chips — Oranges  are  less  used  upon 
the  table  than  they  should  be.  Here  is  a  very 
good  way  of  serving  them  up  as  "orange 
chips." — Cut  your  oranges  longways,  takeout 
all  the  pulp,  and  put  the  rinds  into  rather 
strong  salt  and  water  for  six  days,  then  boil 
them  in  a  large  quantity  of  spring  water  until 
they  are  tender;  take  them  out,  and  lay  them 
on  a  hair  sieve  to  drain,  then  make  a  thin  syrup 
of  fine  loaf-sugar  (one  pound  to  one  quart  of 
water) ;  put  in  your  peels,  and  boil  them  over  a 
slow  fire  till  you  see  the  syrup  candy  about  the 
pan  and  peels,  then  take  them  out  and  grate 
fine  sugar  over  them.  Lay  them  on  a  hair 
sieve  to  drain,  and  set  them  in  a  stove,  or  be- 
fore the  fire  to  dry.  Lemon  chips  or  candied 
peel  may  be  made  in  the  same  way. 

All  over  India,  sweetmeats  are  consumed  as 
a  substantial  article  of  food.  A  native  when 
traveling  seldom  eats  anything  else,  and  be- 
tween the  two  great  meals,  at  all  times  he  whiles 
away  the  long  noon  of  the  Indian  summer  day 
by  sucking  lollipops  or  candy  between  the 
whiffs  of  his  hookah.  Large  dishes  of  sweet- 
meats are  very  common  presents  to  make  on 
religious  festivals  or  domestic  red-letter  days; 
and  when  a  Hindoo  wants  to  be  very  merry 
or  very  dissipated  he  never  gets  drunk,  outgoes 
to  a  "  millial "  shop  and  makes  himself  ill  with 
candied  sugar. 

For  Mixed  Pickles,  prepare  any  vegetables 
you  like  by  cutting  them  in  pieces,  and  let 
them  lie  in  salt  and  water  for  two  or  three  days ; 
then  make  the  pickle  in  the  following  manner: 
Boil  the  quantity  of  vinegar  required  with 
pepper-corns,  mustard-seed,  a  small  quantity 
of  mace,  a  few  Cayenne  pods  and  ginger,  and 
half  a  pound  of  flour  of  mustard  mixed 
smoothly  in  a  basin,  to  be  put  in  while  boiling; 
put  all  together  in  a  large  stone  jar. 

Rancid  Butter  may  be  greatly  improved, 
and  made  sweet  by  the  following  process: — 
Melt  the  butter  at  a  tolerably  high  temperature, 
in  fact,  till  nearly  boiling.  Strain  clear  through 
cloth,  and  thoroughly  wash  with  water,  to 
which  has  been  added  a  little  solution  of  chlor- 
inated soda,  or,  as  it  is  commonly  called,  Lab- 
arraque's  solution.  Finally  wash  with  clean 
water.  Butter  so  manipulated  will  be  sweet 
and  good  for  cooking  purposes;  but  will  not 
have  the  flavor  of  the  fresh  made  article. 


Selected  Receipts. 

Oyster  Pie. — Cover  a  well-buttered,  deep 
plate  or  tin — a  soup  plate  answers  perfectly — 
with  puff  paste;  lay  an  extra  layer  around  the 
edge  of  the  plate,  and  bake  it  very  nearly 
enough.  That  done,  fill  the  pie  with  oysters, 
seasoning  with  nutmeg,  pepper,  salt  andbutter; 
dust  in  a  little  flour  amongst  them,  and  cover 
all  with  a  thin  puff  paste.  Bake  quickly ;  when 
the  top  crust  is  done  the  oysters  will  be  done 
also.  If  to  be  eaten  hot,  serve  as  soon  as  baked, 
as  the  top  crust  quickly  absorbs  the  gravy. 
If  to  be  eaten  cold,  let  it  cool  untouched,  in  the 
plate  or  pan.  It  is  quite  as  good  in  this  way  as 
hot,  and  is  excellent  for  pic-nics  or  for  travel- 
ing. 

Eolled  Jelly-Cake. — One  cup  of  sugar,  one 
tablespoonful  of  butter,  one  and  a  half  cup  of 
flour,  two-thirds  of  a  cup  of  milk,  one  egg,  two 
tea-spoonfuls  of  baking-powder,  sifted  with  the 
flour.  Bake  in  a  large  sheet,  and  when  done, 
spread  on  the  jelly,  and  cut  the  sheet  in  strips 
three  or  four  inches  wide,  and  roll  up,  If,  in- 
stead of  jelly,  a  sauce  is  made  and  spread  be- 
tween the  layers  of  the  cake,  it  may  be  eaten  as 
cream  pie,  and  furnish  a  very  nice  and  easily 
prepared  dessert. 

For  the  sauce. — Beat  together  one  egg,  one 
teaspoonful  of  corn-starch,  one  tablesponful  of 
flour,  and  two  of  sugar.  Stir  it  into  a  half  pint 
of  milk,  and  boil  till  it  forms  a  good  custard; 
remove  from  the  fire,  and  flavor  with  vanilla. 

Green  Pea  Soup. — Take  some  young  carrots, 
turnips,  onions,  celery,  and  caboage-lettuces  ; 
cut  them  in  slices,  and  put  them  in  a  stew-pan, 
with  a  little  butter,  and  some  lean  ham  cut  in 
pieces.  Cover  them  closely,  and  let  them  stew 
for  a  short  time.  Fill  up  with  stock  sufficient 
for  the  soup  required,  and  let  it  boil  until  the 
vegetables  are  quite  soft,  adding  a  few  leaves  of 
mint,  and  the  crust  of  a  roll;  pound  all,  and 
having  boiled  a  quart  of  peas,  as  green  as  you 
can,  strain  them  off,  and  pound  them  also;  mix 
them  with  the  rest  of  the  ingredients,  and  pass 
through  a  sieve.  Heat  it,  and  season  with  salt, 
pepper,  and  sugar;  add  afewyoungboiledpeas, 
and  use  the  spinach  to  restore  it. 

Cleaning  Gutta  Percha. — This  is  best  done 
by  using  a  mixture  of  soap  and  powered  char- 
coal, polishing  afterwards  with  a  dry  cloth  with 
a  little  of  the  charcoal  on  it. 

Salad  Dressing. — This  is  also  excellent  over 
sliced  tomatoes  in  the  summer.  Take  the  yolk 
of  one  fresh  egg  and  mix  with  it  two  table- 
spoonfuls  of  olive  oil  very  slowly,  add  one  and 
one-half  spoonfuls  of  mustard,  three  spoonfuls 
of  salt,  a  little  pepper,  and  last  of  all  two  spoon- 
fuls of  vinegar.  Beat  the  white  of  the  egg  to  a 
stiff  froth  and  lightly  stir  in. 

Apples  stewed  for  sauce  should  be  pared, 
cored  and  put  into  cold  water  until  they  are 
ready  to  be  cooked,  to  keep  them  from  dis- 
coloring. Add  a  little  water,  putting  them  in 
a  porcelain  kettle  or  stew  pan.  Cover  them, 
and  let  them  cook  gently. 


The  Vine  and  the  Cottage. 

Among  the  thousands  of  men  of  moderate 
means,  who  own  their  little  cottage,  in  every 
town  and  village  in  the  land,  top  many  are 
found  without  the  simple  adornment  of  a  vine 
of  any  kind  or  variety.  We  do  not  refer  to  the 
absence  of  a  garden  or  even  a  miniature  vine- 
yard of  a  few  vines,  for  oftentimes  there  is  not 
room  either  in  front  or  back  yard  of  the  cottage 
for  either.  And  yet  there  is  room  for  a  vine  or 
two  or  three  of  them,  so  that  there  is  a  bare 
spot  of  ground  in  one  corner,  of  a  foot  square 
not  covered  by  a  building. 

Let  a  vine  be  planted  there,  and  if  there  is  no 
room  for  a  little  covered  way  of  trelUce 
work,  carry  the  vine  up  the  side  of  the  doorway 
and  let  it  spread  over  the  whole  wall  of  the 
house,  and  year  by  year  it  willrepayyouforyour 
care,  in  the  luscious  fruit  it  affords,  besides  the 
real  pleasure  it  gives  in  witnessing  its  annual 
expansion.  If  you  are  in  a  locality  too  cold 
for  a  fruit-bearing  vine,  then  take  one  of  the 
many  hardy,  beautiful  flowering  vines  or  runners 
to  bejiad  of t  almost  any  florist  and  plant  it  out, 
and  let  the  wife  and  daughters  see  that  it  be 
properly  trained  and  cared  for,  and  it  will  prove 
a  thing  of  beauty  and  of  course  a  joy  forever,  or 
for  many  years. 


Loss  of  Weight  in  Cooking. — The  loss  of 
weight  in  a  leg  of  mutton  in  cooking  has  been 
found,  by  actual  experiment  to  be  as  follows : 
Before  roasting,  the  weight  was  nine  pouuds 
and  ten  ounces ;  after  roasting,  six  pounds  and 
twelve  ounces;  weight  of  cooked  meat,  four 
pounds  and  thirteen  ounces;  weight  of  bone, 
one  pound  and  fifteen  ounces;  of  gravy,  ten 
ounces. 


Clarifying  Water. — Two  grains  of  alum  to 
a  pint  of  water  that  is  not  fit  to  drink,  render  it 
perfectly  clear  and  pure,  and  the  taste  of  alum 
will  not  be  perceived.  A  little  pulverized  alum 
thrown  into  a  pail  of  water,  and  allowed  to 
stand  fifteen  minutes,  will  precipitate  all  the 
impurities,  and  leave  it  perfectly  clear. 


Fruit  Stains. — Fruit  stains  may,  it  is  said, 
be  removed  by  moistening  the  article  affected 
with  a  solution  of  hyposulphite  of  soda,  and 
adding  to  it  a  little  pulverized  tartaric  acid, 
which  is  to  be  rubbed  on  the  stain,  which  will 
soon  begin  to  disappear,  when  the  article  can  be 
cleansed  with  warm  water. 


To  Brown  Potatoes  Under  Meat. — Boil 
some  fine,  large,  mealy  potatoes;  take  off  the 
skins  carefully,  and  about  an  hour  before  the 
meat  is  cooked  put  them  in  the  dripping  pan, 
having  well  dredged  them  with  flour.  Before 
serving  drain  them  from  any  grease,  and  serve 
them  up  hot. 


A  Modern  Kitchen  Maid. — Not  long 
since  an  excellent  Kentucky  housewife 
had  occasion  to  send  to  Louisville  for  a 
cook.  The  latter  in  a  few  days  put  in  her 
appearance,  arrayed  apparently  in  a  large 
quantity  of  cast-off  masquerade  finery  of 
the  Queen  of  Sheba,  dilapidated  panniers, 
flounces,  hoops,  and  with  a  stunning  head- 
dress that  would  have  befitted  the  Queen 
of  Hayti — jute  curls,  frizzles,  chignons, 
and  rats  in  alarming  profusion.  The  for- 
mer looked  at  the  latter  in  astonishment, 
and  when  sufficiently  recovered,  she  in- 
formed her  that  she  did  not  think  she 
would  suit  as  mistress  for  the  kitchen,  as 
her  appearance  indicated  it  would  require 
three-fourths  of  the  day  to  get  up  her 
elaborate  head- toilet  alone.  ^i'Why,  la, 
ma'am,  answered  Dinah,  I  neve)'  combs 
my  head  ! " 

Tobacco-cancees  on  the  lip  and  tongue  are  in- 
creasing so  alarmingly  as  to  greatly  diminish 
pipe-smoking  in  Germany.  This  deadly  form 
of  the  cancer  is  incurable.  In  our  country  we 
have  a  few  fearful  examples.  President  Stir- 
ling, of  the  Burlington  Bank,  N.  J.,  clerk  of  C 
Dodge  &  Co.,  Bankers  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 
physician  of  Sonoma,  California,  have  fallen 
victims  to  the  cancer  of  the  mouth. 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 
MIC  ROS  C  O  PES. 

Illustrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  iUustrated,    sent    free. 

AfnAT.T.TSTKR,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York. 

3v23-ly 

JSHEET     IltOIX     I?X1?IC. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Axe  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IKON  AND  A9PHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  -wanted,  guaranteeiug  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  OAR  WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
WORK,  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

US"  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


Price  Per  Copy..  15  Cents  |  Annual  Subscripticn.  .$10 

SAN    FRANCISCO~~NEWS    LETTER 

AND  CALIFORNIA  ADVERTISER. 

Devoted  to  the  Leading  Interexta    of  California  and   the  Pacific 

Coast. 

The  News  Letter  is  the  most  reliable  organ  representing 
the  moneyed  and  substantial  interests  of  the  Cry  and 
State;  its  Banking,  Real  Estate,  Commerce,  Insurance, 
Mining  and  other  Stocks.  It  reflects  the  times  as  they 
pass; men,  manners,  literature,  theatricals  and  follies.  It 
is  piquant  and  puncent  by  turns— wise,  witty,  grave,  gay, 
Uvely  and  severe;  the  mentor,  whip  and  mirror  of  tbe 
town.  Sold  by  all  Booksellers  and  ft  owe  Agents  through- 
out the  world. 

Office— 6V3  Montgomery  street,  opposite  Montgomery 
Block.  AlBO.  Offices  of  the  "China  Mail,"  "Mail  Bag,1' 
"  City  Index  and  Purchaser's  Guide,"  etc.  18v24-tf 

THE    FREAR    STONE    COMPANY 

OF  CALIFORNIA. 
Office,    638    Market    Street. 

OFFICERS: 
James  Gamble,  j       L.  A.  Booth, 

President.  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE: 
N.W.  SPAtnLDiNG ,  George  C.    Potter,  N.  P.  Perdje. 

This  Company  vdll  contract  to  furnish  or  put  up  the 
heaviest,  strongest  and  most  elaborate  and  elegant  Fire- 
proof Stone  Fronts,  of  any  design,  and  every  style  of 
Plain  and  Ornamental  Door  and  Window  Caps,  Key- 
stones, Sills,  Water  Tables,  Coping  Ashlars,  Plain  and 
Ornamental  Stone  Work  of  every  description.  Fire- 
proof Buildings  and  Bank  Vaults,  Cemetery  Work,  Curb- 
ing Stones,  Fountains,  etc.,  all  at  prices  far  below  native 
cut  Btone,  and  equal,  in  all  respects,  as  to  strength  and 
durability. 

Architects  and  Builders,  before  letting  their  contracts 
for  Stone  Work,  are  requested  to  call  at  the  office  of  this 
Company,  and  examine  certificates,  specimens  and  pho- 
tographs of  buildings  already  constructed  of  Frear  Stone 
in  Chicago  and  other  Eastern  cities. 

For  further  information  apply  to  N.  P.  PERTNE,  638 
Market  street;  [19v24-3m 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad   Co. , 


OFFICE,  -12  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


By  this  invention,  one  man,  with  one  horse  and  five 
cars,  does  the  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horsesaud  ten  carts. 


Highly  Approved  rjy  all  who  Use  Them. 
CARS    AND     TRACKS     FOR    SALE    OR    TO    LET. 
Samples  at  the  office.    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Safe. 

19v24eow3m 


June  8,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


363 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.   BENNETT, 
STATI9TICIA  >". 

fUporia  and  dimita.  mode  about  all  dep.rtm.oUi  nt 
Production.  Commerce,  and  MADuf.ciuri-,  ol  tie  Pacific 
Coaau  &-,,.,  | 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  102  Stockton  btrect Ban  Fr»aciae.>,  Cal. 

tST  Surgical    cases  from   the  country  received  ami 
treated  at  the  Homeopathic  Hospital. 
All  letters  answer,  d  promptly. 


SILKS   H.  CHAT.  JMU  U.    BAVIN. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

VfrORSK.  SANDCOl'NSKLORSATLAW, 

It  Building  of  Ptvclilc  Insurance  Co.,  N.  B.  corner  Call- 

'ornlaanO  Leldc*dortT streets, 

HAW   rKANOIRO. 


Spectacles    My   Specialty. 


C.  MTJIXER,  Optician, 
135  Montgomery  street,  near  Bunh.  Run*  Block, 
opposite  the  Occidental  Hotel. 


JOHN  ROACH,    Optician, 

429   Montgomery   Street, 

S.  W.  corner  Sacramento. 

Surveying  Instruments  made,   repaired  and  adjusted 

'."-•vl7-3m 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLL    SAWYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Fiuncisco. 

And  No.  a  Q  St.,  bet.  First  sad  Second, 


21v23-tf 


Sacramknto. 


WU,    IURTL1HG. 


HMHT   KIKBALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Sulera  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers , 

60o>  Clay  .Irect.  (southweBt  cor.  Sansome), 
15vl2.ini  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SAJV    PRANCI8CO 

CORDA9 E     C OMPANY. 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.     Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TOBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

M  611  and  613  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  Mission  stroot,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISOO. 

Partiunlar  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Millwright  Work 
CHpocKilly  to  the  erection  of  FLOOR  MILLS.  DISTIL- 
LERIES, etc.    Also,  Co-'Kinc  Mill   and  Steamship  Whepls 

Manufacturers  of  Nash's  (Jutta  Grain  Separators.  Build- 
ers of  Improved  Hydraulic  Wino  Presses,  Grape  Stemmers 
and  Crushers,  etc.  l.r)v2T-(im 


J.  F.  PAG-ES, 

BEAL     ENGRATER, 

AND LKTTEB CUTTER, 
Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  60S  Sacramento  street. 
Ban  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OP    SAM     FKA.VCISI.-o. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BHUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

— FOR— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  Mnds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FKANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 
riosr.EK 


Meerschaum   Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    341    KFAIHT    STKEJET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  -A-gra flfe  Pianos, 
GBAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPEIOHT. 

Pianos   to   Let.  feyfejfl 

A.    HEYMAiT, 

I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mal8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


FISHERS 
KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AM. 

NOZZLE 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 


Cheapest   and    Beht 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  u*o. 

The  only  reliable  party  In  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
Uv'jj-U  Address  Y.  II.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Oal. 


MA0HINE8 

Manufactured 

TO  OEDER, 

to     throw    from 
One 
to  an 
eight- inch 
8TREA  M. 


HYMcU'i.k'  MINERS,  TAKK  NOTICE—  I  hereby  coutloi  I  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 

Uofl  op  using  11  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  us  tin     Lltth    1  iiant,  manufactured  and  Bold  by  R.  B.  4; 

and  Rlehard  BoakJn,  »s  the  utno  Is  an  infringement  upon  the  Invention  ol  the  machine  knows  as  FISH- 

8B'8  H\  DRATTLIO  CHIEF,  Mcnn  d  by  Lett,  rs  Patent,  No.  110,333,  dated  Doc.  20,  1870.    All  parties  participating 

iu  rach  Infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted,    Ki  vada,  Jan.  1Mb,  F.  H.  FIBBER. 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Stoel  Working  Hammers,   Forge   Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Iturming  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Bam, 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

n£7~  Send  lor  Circulars. 


13v24-3m 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 
first  premium: 

American  Destitute,  1887  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MASrrjFAOTTJREK 

Hardick's    Patent    Double-ActiDg 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 

PATENTED    IN      ENGLAND,    BELGIUM     AND 
FBANCE.      SEND  FOE   OIBCr/LAB. 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bant,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet . 
in  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 1 
vantage  than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  rive  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal, 


Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

118  Front  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

.Buckets. 

12v«-3m  J.  "W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 


RICHARD  H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 

City    ancl    County    Surveyor. 
Office— Room  10,  City  Hall.  Ilv24Jm 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBTJROr,    PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Grummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $30,  $50,  $75,   and  $110.     DIAMOND  TURN- 
ING TOOLS,  $15  each. 


SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From   40   cents   to   $113   each. 

Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  tbese  "Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BKASS  WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

13v24-tf 


REMIIVOTOIKT'S 

BREECH-LOADING 

Sporting,    Hunting,    and   Target    Rifles. 

Same  system  as  the  "  Remington"  Celebrated  Military 
Rifle,  of  which  over  half  a  million  have  been  sold.  Its 
simplicity  unsurpassed.  For  strength  and  durability 
unequalled.  In  accuracy  nnrivalled.  In  range,  pene- 
tration, and  ease  of  manipulation,  without  comparison. 

The  "Sportsman's"  Delight,  the  "Hunter's"  Favorite, 
the  "  Target-Shooter's"  Pride.    Also 

REVOLVERS  FOR  HOUSE  USE. 

In  these  days  of  thieves  and  Burglaries,  every  house- 
holder should  have  a  revolver  for  home  protection. 
REMINGTON'S  RIFLE  CANE. 

Every  gentleman  should  have  one  for  protection 
against  dogs  and  rowdies,  and  for  field  use. 

E.  REMINGTON  &  SONS, 

19v24-Gm  193  Broadway,  N.  T. 


Hydraulic    Miners,     Attention ! 


If  you  wish  to  keep  up  with  the  times,  buv  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR.  These  are  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Patent,  and  infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  size  to  suit.  Are  in  use  under 
all  pressures,  from  445  feet  down. 

"WILL  DISCHARGE  FULLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  "WATER  than  any  other,  under  the 
uanif  i  i  iv  umstances. 

An  injunction  from  the  U.  8.  District  Court  isnow  in 
f<iv,  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  using 
the  same  will  bB  duly  prosecuted. 

I  fully  guarantee  my  customers  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  infriugeiin_nt. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  k  CORY.  Marysvllle;  J.  H.  NASH, Pla- 
cer-vine; F.  SMITH,  at  Locke  k  Montague-6  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Plat,  Cal., 

Sole  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,   under  AUenwood'a, 
Masey'B,  Rico's,  Craig's,  and  Hoskin'a  Patents. 
I6v24tl 


NELNON    Ac  DOBLE, 


AGENTS   FOR 


Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS    OK 

Sledge*, Hunimera,  Stone 
Cutter*',  Black  unltbV 

and  Horie*8hoeri* 
Tool*. 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 

manufacturem  of 

U.     S.     STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 
IVORY    RULES. 


ALSO  EXCLUSIVE    MANTJFACTtrBEBS  OF 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  the  Combination  Role,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  the  very  best  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood , 
heavily  bound  with  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

The  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  ho  tested  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  the  aid  of  a  small  screw-driver,  but 
this  is  seldom  required. 

In  its  application  as  a  Slope  Level  it  iB  especially 
adapted  for  Miners'  use,  as  it  shows  the  pitch  to  the 

FOOT,    and    DEGREE  OF  INCLINATION  at  ODCe.      It   is    MX 

inches  long  when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-eighths  incheB  thick,  the  cut  being  just  one- 
fourth  size. 

"  By  the  use  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  can  always  have  in  his  pocket 
the  most  valuable  of  his  apparatus  used  in  construction , 
combined  in  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form." — Sci- 
entific American. 

Price  bo  mail,  prepaid,  $4  For  agents'  terms,  address 
STEPHENS    &    CO., 

18v24-3m  Rlverton,  Conn. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond   Carbon-Points. 

-  ffipl        Fiy,2  Fiej.3  lig, 4 


H    i 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery-Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Truoing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


fcion.     Address 
5-v24-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings, Mills.Bridg- 
es,  or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure  good  satiBfac- 
EDW.  "W.  TIFFT, 
No.  626  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco 


364 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  8,  1872. 


A  NEW  BOOK  ON  MINING. 
The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration,  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  640  Pages,  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  citiu);  in  leather,  $12.  Forwarded  by  mail,  in 
cloth,  $11.40,  currency;  in  leather,  $13.76.  Issued  and 
for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co  ,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers Scientific  Press,  S.  F. 


RICHAItD  H.  BTJEL,  Consulting-  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  Yoik. 
Advice  and  jissislance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Kights,  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  I  refer  par- 
ticularly to  Professor  K.  II.  Thurston,  of  the  btevens  Insti- 
tute of  Teohnology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 

WviM-iat 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 

If  you  want  pictures  or  fine  frames,  cheap,  send  to 
Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  31  Ecarny  street,  S.  F.       18v24-3m 


H-  Bahlen  &  Beo.,  formerly  of  Havilah,  Kern  county, 
will  please  communicate  with  this  office. 


Endless    Chain   Elevator, 

FOR   RAISING  WATER    FROM   WELLS. 

BALL  &  CRARY,  Patentees. 


The  iuventor  claims  that  his  ELEVATOR  excels  any 
other  apparatus  that  has  ever  been  brought  before  the 
public  for  the  purpose  of  raising  water  from  wells.  Its 
chief  meritBare:  First— The  water  is  obtained  from  the 
well  in  a  purer  and  colder  state,  for  the  reason  that  it  is 
drawn  from  near  the  bottom.  Second  — It  is  operated  with 
the  least  difficulty,  particularly  inliftinga  certain  amount 
of  water  from  any  depth  in  a  given  time,  as  compared  with 
any  other  mode.  Third— It  obviates  all  necessity  for  going 
down  into  the  well  in  putting  in  the  machinery,  or  for  re- 
pairing the  same,  as  such  labor  can  be  performed  at  the 
surface.  Fourth— It  can  be  easily  taken  out  of  one  well 
and  transferred  to  another.  Fifth— It  is  less  liable  to  get 
out  of  repair -but  when  repairs  are  necessary  they  can  be 
easily  made  by  any  one ;  the  action  made  by  the  Endless 
Chain  and  buckets  keeps  the  well  properly  ventilated; 
there  is  no  possibility  for  the  person  operating  it  [nor  for  a 
child]  to  fall  into  the  well. 

For  circulars  and  particulars  address 


20v24awbplni 


JOHN  A.  BALL, 

Grass  Valley,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal. 


For 

Steam  Pipes 
&  Boilers, ' 


EairFelting 


SAVES  25  PER  CENT.  OF  FUEL— An  item  worth 
looking  after.  Also,  Steam  Governors,  Tube  Scrapers, 
Steam  Pumps,  Self-Oilers,  Cylinder  Cups,  Belting, 
Lacing,  Hose,  Fuse,  Packing,  etc.,  including  all  kinds 
Miners',  Engineers'  and  Millmen's  Supplies,  at  the  Ma- 
chinery and  Supply  IVpot  of  TREAD  WELL  &  CO.;  old 
stand,  Market  street,  head  of  Front,  San  FranciBCO. 
13v24eow 


OSCAR  LEWIS. 


B.  8.   MORRILL. 


CITY    IRON    WORKS, 

28  Fremont  street SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LEWIS    «&;    MOItR-ILiX^ 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of  Architectural 
and  Ornamental  Iron  Work, 

Laundey  Machxnehy,  Steam  Engines,  Etc. 
Agricultural  Work  and  all  kinds  of  Blacksmithing 
and  Jobbing  done  with  promptness  and  at  reasonable 
prices.     Orders  from  the  country  promptly  executed. 

2^v24-3m 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E.,  £ 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting*  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSATER  AND  METALLURGIST,      *™ 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  tea 

Author  of  the  "  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  — { 
lurgists'  Companion."  (The  very  Comprehensive  SO 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  £ 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "Prospector's  Wee  Pet  3- 
Assaying  Machine."       Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.    ;-* 


QUICKSILVER. 


QUICKSILVER    FOR    SALE,     IN    LOTS     TO    SUIT, 


C.    J.    BEENHAB, 
23v24-tf  217  Sansome  street,  S.  F. 


ALL    KINDS    OF 

Office    Desks    and    Book    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  by 
JOHNSON    &   BEST, 
No.  311  Pine  street,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bank, 


H  E  N  r>  Y  '  S 

LATEST    IMPROVED    PATENT    SELF-DISCHARGING    SULPHURETS 
CONCENTRATOR. 


18v24-6m 


San  Francisco. 


Can  "be  seen  at  the  Manufactory,  32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  April  27,  1872. 

JOSHUA  HENDY,  Esq. — Dear  Sir: — As  a  practical  miner  and  millman,  I  take  pleasure  in  recommending  the 
use  of  your  Concentrators  in  all  mills  where  gold  or  silver  ores  are  reduced.  No  mills  should  be  without  them 
for  the  following  reasons  : 

1st.    They  are  good  sizers  (no  perfect  concentration  in  pulverized  ores  can  he  effected  without  first  sizing) . 

2d.    The  best  Concentrator  I  have  ever  known — (the  concentrated  stuff  only  containing  5  per  cent,  of  sand) . 

3d.  They  are  good  amalgamators,  light  (feathery)  particles  of  amalgam  and  particles  of  coated  gold,  by  at- 
trition are  brightened,  and  from  their  specific  gravity  and  the  action  of  the  pan,  fall  to  the  bottom  and  adhere. 

4th.    They  require  but  little  power  and  attention  to  run  them,  and  with  ordinary  care  will  last  for  years. 

I  have  been  familiar  with  the  workings  of  your  Concentrators  for  four  years  past;  have  run  them  myself  in 
the  North  Star  Mine,  Grass  Valley;  am  familiar  with  their  practical  workings  on  the  Empire  Mine,  Grass  Valley; 
St.  Patrick,  Placer  Co.;  St.  Lawrence,  El  Dorado  Co.;  Oaks  and  Reese,  Mariposa  Co.,  and  most  cheerfully  give 
you  this  testimonial.    For  further  information  you  are  at  liberty  to  refer  to, 

Tours,  respectfully,  JAS.  H.  CROSSMAN,  M.  E. 

409  California  street,  or  Cosmopolitan  Hotel. 

GRASS  VALLEY,  April  20,  1872. 
JOSHUA  HENDY,  Esq.— San  Francisco— Dear  Sir.— Having  had  charge  of  eight  of  your  Concentrators  for 
two  years  past,  at  the  North  Star  Mine,  GrasB  Valley,  I  can  speak  from  experience,  and  cheerfully  recommend 
them  to  every  one  engaged  in  gold  or  silver  ores  that  require  concentrators.  They  require  but  little  power  and 
attention,  are  the  beBt  concentrators  and  amalgamators  that  I  have  ever  seen  or  used,  and  with  ordinary  care 
and  attention  are  not  liable  to  get  out  of  order.  I  most  cheerfully  give  yon  this  recommendation,  and  for  further 
information  yon  can  refer  to  me  at  North  Star  Mine,  Grass  Valley. 

Yours  truly,  HENRY  BOUDOIN. 

Itoferc  rices : 

Reference  is  made  to  the  following  mills,  some  of  which  have  had  HENDY'S  CONCENTRATORS  in  use  for 
over  four  years. 

EMPIRE  MILL.     (8  Concentrators) Grass  Valley,  Nevada  County. 

NORTH  STARM.  A  M.  CO.     (8  Concentrators) , Grass  VaUey,  Nevada  County. 

VULTURE  CO.   (8  Concentrators) Preacott,  Arizona. 

NOYE'S  &  CO'S  MILL.    (2  Concentrators) Prescott,  Arizona. 

LUCY  MINING  CO.    (3  Concentrators) Owyhee  District,  Idaho. 

EL  TASTE  CO.    (3  Concentrators) Sonora,  Mexico. 

ST.  LAWRENCE  MILL ....Georgetuwn,  El  Dorado  Co. 

ST.  PATRICK  MILL -Newcastle,  Placer  Co. 

JULIAN  MILL Newcastle,  Placer  Co. 

VIRTUE  MILL Oregon. 

KEYSTONE  MILL Amador  Co. 

CAUTION— All  of  HENDY'S  PATENT  CONCENTRATORS  are  marked  thus:  "J.  HENDY,  Patented  April 
17th,  1866,  and  May  19th,  1868." 

For  full  description  send  for  Circular.    Orders  or  letters  of  enquiry,  address, 

JOSHUA  HENDY,  San  Francisco. 
Office  and  works,  32  Fremont  street.  18v24-tam-tf 


Hooker's     Patent     Direct     Acting     Steam     Pump. 

SIMPLE,  CHEAP  AND 
DURABLE. 

Adapted  for  all  pur- 
poses for  which  Steam 
Pumps  are  used.  Manu- 
factured by  the  inventor 
and  patentee,  at  Hooker's 
Machine  Works,  No.  112 
Spear  street,  San  Francisco. 

t&~  SEND    FOR    CIRCULAR. 


N.  B. — Also  manufacturer  of  Hooter's  Deep  "Well  and  Double-Acting  Force  Pump. 
Medal  awarded  at  the  last  Mechanics'  Fair  in  San  Francisco. 


Received  the  Silver 
23v24-lamGm-bp 


AXLE    GREASE. 


u 


The  attention  of  TeomsterB,  Contractors  and  otherB, 
is  called  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufac- 
tured by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  oveb  twenty  years,  specially  de- 
voted to  the  preparation  of  this  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A    BATE 

As  any  of  the  inferior  compounds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBE.RT 
Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the  H  & 
L  AXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  L 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v24-eowr 


Purchasers  please  sny  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 

of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  "WOLF  &  CO.,  510  Pine  Street,  San  FranciBCO. 
13v24-3rn 


Clear    as    Crystal." 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  International  Eshi 
hibition  of  1862  aw.rded  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold 
Medal  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San 
Francisco. 

BEMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  BuBh,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDLNG,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.     Send  for  Circular.  6v24-3amslamrly 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

—  AND  — 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre) ,  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  BrandB,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  and  in 
1  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  in  kegs, 
half  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  M  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  k  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  J$  lb.  and  % 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal.  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  e xplode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world.  _  _ 

"WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's  Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition.   ' 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

Muskets— Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  Btock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 


5v24-6m-lamr 


JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 


108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


PEBBLES  ARE  MADE  from  Rock  Crystal  cut 
in  slices  and  ground  convex,  concave  or  periscopic,  for 
Spectacles.  In  Europe  and  in  the  Eastern  States  they 
are  superceding  glass. 

Among  the  advantages  they  have  over  glass  are,  that 
being  susceptible  of  the  HIGHEST  POLISH,  they  trans- 
mit more  rays  of  light,  nothing  having  more  transpa- 
rency. 

They  are  COOLER  to  the  EyeB— a  very  important  gain. 

They  are  much  harder  than  glass,  and  DO  NOT 
SCRATCH. 

The  best  quality  of  Crystal  is  found  in  Scotland  and 
the  Brazils,  and  is  manufactured  into  lenses  by  the  beBt 
workmen  in  England  and  France,  for 

Thomas   Houseworth   &    Co., 

OPTICIANS, 

No.  9  Montgomery  street,  Lack  House, 

Where  they  can  be  obtained,  already  fitted,  in  frames, 
or  may  be  fitted  to  order. 
Persons  sending  their  Spectacles  can  have  Pebbles 
inserted  of  the  same  grade  us  their  glasses. 

Illustrated  Circular  for  style  of  frames  sent  to  any  ad- 
dreSB  free. 
8£?"  Pebbles  sold  as  such  by  us,  are  Warranted.  | 

15v3awbp3m  ' 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.    311    fAI.IFOK.VIA    8TKEET. 

BAN  FBANOISOO. 
Manuf  acturers  and  have  constantly  on  band 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

And    BLASTING 

P  O  W  D  E  B  , 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
into  the  interior,  is  deliveredto  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  itB  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three    Gold   Medals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY   for   the   superiority   of   out 
products  over  all  others. 
We  also  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  Btrong  explosive 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  bebt  blastin 
powder,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  any  other 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  a  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
der can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

16v20-3m  JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  Secretary. 


A     Blake's     Crusher 

FOB    SALE    CHEAP. 

One  of  Blake's  Patent  Ore  Crushers,  size  8x10,  second- 
hand and  in  perfect  order,  is  offered  for  Bale  cheap.  Also, 

A  STEAM  ENGINE, 

8xlG,  and  another  6x12,  second-hand  and  in  good  order. 
Also, 

A   New    Mining    Pump, 

6-inch  bore  and  5-feet  stroke,  double  acting. 
All  of  the  above  will  be  sold  at  good  bargains  by 

J.    HENDY, 

21v24tf  No.  32  Frem        street,  Ran  Francisco. 


,une  8,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


365 


EXCELSIOR 


IMPROVED     DOUBLE-ACTING     SUCTION     AND      FORCE     PUMP. 

HOOKER'«     £>ATEXT,    A«~„st    IS.    1865,    and    January    13,    1807. 


VALVE. 


■We  call  the  especial  attention  of  all  Millwrights,  Miners  aud  Farmers  to  this 
very  superior  Forco  Pump.  It  is  more  simply  constructed,  more  durable,  and 
has  larger  and  more  direct  ports  for  receiving  and  discharging  water,  and  war- 
ranted to  furnish  more  water  than  any  other  pumps  of  equal  caliber.  It  has 
Poppet  Valves,  which  cannot  he  wrongly  placed  in  the  Pump.  The  Fail-  of  the 
Mechanics'  Inititute,  held  in  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  awurded  the  owners  of 
this  Pump  for  rrs  Superiority,  A.  FIRST  PREMIUM  and  SILVER  MEDAL. 
Suitable  for  DEEP  WELLS,  Factories,  Mining,  Breweries,  Sugar  Refineries,  Tan- 
neries, Railroad  Purposes,  Drainage,  Irrigation,  etc.  Ab  the  above  Pumps  are 
already  in  use  in  the  principal  Sugar  Refineries,  Factories,  Rolling  Mills  and 
Gardens  in  this  crty,  reference  may  be  had  where  they  are  working.  OaT  See 
Circular  for  particulars. 

GEIST3BAL     AGEJfTS: 

Messrs.     BR1TTAN,     H0LBR00K    &    CO., 

Ill  and  113  California  street,  and  17  and  19  Davis  street,  S-  F., 
VAI.VE    BOX. 

Are  Agents  for  the  sale  of  the  Excelsior  Pump,  who  make  liberal  discount  to  the  trade.    H-  J.  BOOTH  &  CO.,  Union  Iron  "Works,  First  street,  corner  of  Mission,  S.  F.,  manufacture  and  have  the  sale  of  the  Excelsior  Pump. 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


Otrinff  in  the  time  nerenmry  to  mait  the  present  large  edition  of  the 
Scientific  Press  we  are  obliged  to  go  to press  on  Thursday  even- 
ing—which  is  the  very  latest  hour  tee  can  receive  advertisements. 


Alleghany  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany.— Location  of  Works:  Alleghany,  Sierra  County, 
Cal. 

Notice. — There  arc  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  11) 
levied  on  the  twenty-sixth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1872,  the 
several  amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respec- 
tive shareholders  as  follows : 

Names.  No  Certificate.    No.  ShareB.       Am't. 

J.  J.  Roche 4  15  $    3.00 

Geo.  Treat 64  600  100.00 

Geo.  Treat 58  35  7.00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  20th  day  of  April, 
1872,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  aB  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  Bold  at  public  auction  at  the  office 
of  the  Company,  Room  37,  New  Merchants'  Exchange, 
California  street,  San  Fraucisco,  California,  on  the  24th 
day  of  June,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  12  o'clock  m.,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  M.  BUFFiNGTON,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  37,  New   Merchants'  Exchange,   California 

Btreet,  San  Francisco,  California.  June  8 — 3t 

Eagle  Quicksilver  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Santa  Barbara  County,  California. 
Notice  ia  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  May, 
1872,  an  assessment  of  $4lJ  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
mines  of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  gold  coin 
or  the  United  States,  to  the  Secretary  ab  hits  orhce,  room 
h,  No.  3U2  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  shares  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid, on  Thursday,  July  11th,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin 
quent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  on  Saturday,  July  13th, 
1872.  for  sale  at  publlcauction,  and  unless  paymentsnall  be 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  15th  day  of  July, 
187-,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  Tmstoes.  Wm.  H.  WATSON,  Secretary. 

Offlcti— Room  5.  No.  302  Montgomery  streoi,  San  Francis- 
co California.  ma.ll. 

Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company — Lo- 
cation of  works.  MaynanI  Mining  District,  Mohave 
County,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  this  18th  day  of  May,  1872, 
an  assessment  of  Ten  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  oftioe  of  the 
company.  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
Caliloroia.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  24th  day  of  June,  1872, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  loth  day  of  July,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  W.  COLBURN.  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  410  California  street,  Sau  Francisco, 
California  my25-td 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works,  Auburn  District,  Placer   county,  State  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  ata  meeting  of  the  Trustees 
of  said  company,  held  or.  the  8th  day  of  May.  1872,  an  assess- 
ment of  20  cents  pershare  was  levied  upon  the  capital  >tock 
of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  United  States 
gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  compauy.at  the 
office  of  the  company,  No.  32(1  California  street,  room  No. 
5,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  Monday,  the  Wth  day  of  June,  1872,  shall  be  deem- 
ed delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  pub- 
lic auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will 
be  sold  on  Monday  the  first  day  of  July,  1872,  to  pay  the  de- 
linquent assessment,  together  "itli  com  l  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  the  sale.  GEO.  R.  SPINNEY,  Secretary. 
mall-4t  No. 320  California  St  ,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Stockholders  Meeting.— Office  of  the  Sil- 

ver  Sprout  Mining  Company,  No.  316  California  street,  San 

Francisco.  May  23, 1872. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
stockholders  in  the  above  named  company  will  be  held  at 
their  office.  No.  318  California  street,  (Room  No.  1,  second 
floor,)  San  Francisco,  on  Tuesday,  the  25th  day  of  June, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock  p.m. 

may25-tt  T.  B.  "WINGARD,  Secretary. 


Silver  Wave  Mining  Company-— Location 

of  works,  "White  Pine  Mining  District,  White  Pine 
county,  Nevada. 

Notice: — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment,  No.  8,  levied 
on  the  10th  day  of  April,  A.  V.  1872,  the  several 
amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders aB  follows; 

Names.  No.  Certificates.    No.  Shares.        Am't. 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee. . .  .352  2v0  $10u  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee 376  10  5  00 

Barton,  W  H,  Trustee 490  50  25  00 

Breed,  H  L,  Trustee 3U4  20  10  00 

Cope,  Geo  W, 'trustee 608  100  50  00 

Crocker,  J  H,  Trustee. . .  .492  100  60  00 

Crocker,  J  H,  Trustee. . .  .493  50  25  00 

Holmes,  H  J, 511  447  223  50 

Loveland,  L  F,  Trustee.  .217  50  25  00 

Pomeroy,  E  B, 474  200  100  00 

Richardson,  E  A,  TruBtee..429  100  50  00 

Richardson,  E  A,  Trustee, .430  100  50  00 

Richardson, EA, Trustee. .471  100  50  00 

Richardson,  E  A,  Trustee. .450  150  75  00 

Richardson  EA, Trustee. .480  80  40  00 

Richardson, EA.Trustee. .495  50  25  00 

White,  Jas  T, 399  12  6  00 

Woods,  F  H,  Trustee 375  22  11  00 

Woods,  F  H.  Trustee 434  10  5  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
said  Company,  on  Thursday,  the  13th  day  of  June,  A.  D. 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  St.,  Room  102,  San  Francisco, 
California.  mal8-4t. 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company 

Location  of  works,  Piermont  Mining  District,  White 

Pine  County,  Nevada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  3)  levied 
on  the  lGtn  day  of  April,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount, 

Briggs,  Charles  A 15  583!-d  $233.33 

Briggs,  Charles  A 47  111  44.40 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 21  1000  400.00 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 23  1000  400.00 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 41  381  152.40 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1872, 
so  many  shares  of  oach  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  he 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  on  the  19th  day  of  June,  1872,  at  (ho  hour 
of  2  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.     m25 


of  July,  18(2,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  Kale.  By  order  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees.  F.  MADGE,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  64    Merchants'  Exchange,  California  street, 
San  1-  ranoisco,  California.  may25-td 

Stockholders'     Meeting— Office    of    the 

Hardy  oat  Mining  Come-any,  SanFranoisco,  Juno  4,  lBT'J: 
In  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  al  a  meeting  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Hardy  Coal  Mining  Company,  held  this 
day,  a  special  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  said  cumpanv 
1b  hereby  called,  the  same  to  be  held  at  the  office  of  the 
comuany,  338  Montgomery  slroet,  Sau  Francisco,  Califor- 
nia, on  Tuesday,  the  9tb  day  of  July,  at  11  o'clock  a.  u  to 
take  into  consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition 
to  in  creanc  the  capital  stock  of  the  sad  company,  from 
two  hundred  thousand  dollars,  divided  into  l^ur  hundred 
sharoB  of  five  hnndred  dollars  each,  t.he  present  capital 
stock  of  the  company,  to  five  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
divided  into  five  thousand  shares  of  one  hundred  dollars 
oach.  I.  BARTLETT.  j 

E    WAEIJ  McLEAN,    J  Trustees 
JACOB  HARDY.  J 


Stockholders  Notice—Office  of  the  Tecum- 

seh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Mining  Company.  San  Fran- 
cisco, May  6th,  1872. 

In  accordance  with  a  Resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Tecuinseh  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper 
Mining  Company,  held  this  day,  a  special  meeting  of  the 
stockholders  of  said  Company  is  hereby  called,  the  same 
to  be  held  at  E.  Magriscii's  Hall,  S.  W.  cor.  of  Keainyand 
Clay  Sta.,  opposi<e  the  Plaza,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  on  Wed- 
nesday, the  12th  day  of  June  A.  D.  1872,  at  2  o'clock  P.  M., 
to  take  into  consideration  and  decide  upon  tho  proposition 
to  increase  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company  from  one 
hundred  fifty-three  thousand  and  five  hundred  dollars, 
divided  Into  six  hundred  and  fourteen  shares  of  two  hun- 
dred fifty  dollars  oach,  the  present  capital  of  the  Com- 
pany, to  three  millions  of  dollars,  to  bo  divided  into  thirty 
thousand  shares  of  one'hundred  dollars  each. 
J.TH.  HELM  KEN,  , 
J.  F.G.  EGGERS,  I        m,.lia(.Mn 

JACOB  HAHN.  f       Trustees. 

F,  SCHUMACHER.      ) 


San  Francisco  Tunnel  and  Mining  Com- 
pany.— Location  of  Works,  Little  Cottonwood  Mining 
District,  Utah  Territory. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  1)  levied 
on  the  13th  day  of  April,  1876,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
follows: 
Names  No.  Certificate,  No.  Shares.  Amount, 

Brommer  Diederick 48  3000  $750  00 

Moroney,  Paul 5  3000  750  00 

Reticker,  Chas 8  3000  750  00 

Seaman,  LaFayette 7  3000  750  00 

Selby.T.  H 4  3000  750  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law  and  a  supplementary 
order  of  the  Board  of  TrusteeB,  made  on  the  30th  day  of 
April,  1872,  bo  many  shares  jf  each  j,  arcel  of  Baid  stock 
as  may  be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at 
the  office  of  said  company,  on  the  10th  day  of  June, 
1872,  at  the  hour  of  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  Bald  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

J.  W.  CLARK,  Secretery. 
Office,  418  California  street,  San  Franeitco. 


Washington    Mining   Company—Location 

of  works  and  mines,  Mariposa  County,  State  of  Cal. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  Compaoy,  held  on  the  8th  day  of  May, 
187^,  an  assessment  of  S3  per  share  was  levied  up  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  No.  .118  California  street,  San  Fraucisco. 

Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  llthdayof  June,  1872,  Khali  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auc- 
tion, and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold 
on  Saturday,  the  2!)th  day  of  June,  1872,  to  pay  the  delin- 
quent assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  B.  WINGABD.  Secretary. 

Office— Room  No.  1,  second  floor  of  No.  318  California 
Btreet,  San  Francisco.  ma.ll-4 


Woodland    Gold    Mining    Company— Lo- 

cation  of  works,  West  Point  Mining  District,  Calaweras 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trusiees  of  said  company,  held  en  the  21-t  day  of  May,  872, 
an  asseesmentof  12,4  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of 
the  company.  Room  64,  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any  stock  upon  which 
said  assessment  thall  remain  unpaid  on  the  25th  day  of 
June,  1872,  Bhall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  Will  be  duly 
advertised  for  sale  at  publio  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  bo  made  before,  will  be  6old  on  Tuesday,  the  16th  day 


MILL      SS  TO  IVES. 


Portable  Mills,  Eureka  Smut  Machines, 
Bran  Dusters,  Dufour  &  Co.'s  Celebrated  Dutch  Anchor 
Bolting  Cloths,  and  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

TRAVIS    &    WAGNER, 

18v24-3m  -  41  First  street,  San  Francisco. 


r¥X& 

"Hr&e^TTREADWElL*C0 

"  THE  HOADLEY"  is  the  Perfection  of  the  Portable 
Engine.  For  sale,  with  or  without  wheels,  at  Ma- 
chinery Depot  of  TBEADWELL  &  CO.,  Market,  head  of 
Front  street,  Bun  Francisco,  14v24  eowbp 


3  to  30 

Horse 
Power. 


366 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  8,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


BSTABLiISHED    18ESX. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANOISCO 

IKA   r.   BA.NKIN,  A.  r.  BKAITOX, 

GEO.  W.  FOOG,  Superintendent. 

SteamEiijjiiies  and  Boilers, 

MAB1NE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  flrst- 
claBB  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
srices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

*y  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  "Work  and 
StpairB. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
3KATED  PATENT  O0VEKN0R. 

18v'20-3m  GODDAED  &  00. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

KAKUTAOTUREBB   OF 

«*TEAM    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Floxxr    and    ©aw   MCllle, 

Hayes'  Improved  Steam   Pump,  llrodle'*  Im- 
proved     Cruiher,      Mluiuir     Pampi, 
Amalgamator*,  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How. 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE  T.  PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111    Mission   Street, 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 


These  Works  have  lately  been  Increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say:— 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

atTAETZ    MACHINERY 
Printing    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OE  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Pitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen-at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

ALSO,  MANUFAOTUBEB  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOE 

Praoy's    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v2Stf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

XAHUrAOTURBRB  OF 

ste^m  engines,  boilers, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

v>uuliar'i  Patent  Self-Ad|n*tlnie  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street*  between  M  and  O  streets,. 

fi.nn.MUNro OlTT 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

8AH   FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD   AND  OTHER   IRON 

—  AND  — 

Every  "Variety  of  Shafting-, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 
steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con- 
necting Bodi,  Oar  and  Locomotive  Axles 
and  Frames 

— ALSO — 

HAMMERED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

•9-  Orders  addressed  to  PACIFIC  ROLLING  MILL 
jjmpany  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,wlll  ceive 
prompt  attention 

IS"  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  SvUSm 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   RLAST    ROTARY   BLOWER, 


MANUrACTTJitED  AT  THE 


m 


GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First   Premium  at  tlie  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Eequires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 

in  use. 

One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foun- 
dry,  San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M, 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C 
P.  E.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirementsof  thegenuine 
article.  Q/uartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron( 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho  r  s  e-P  o  w  e  r  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

"»«  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMEBON'S 
STEAM    PUMPS. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GLEEABD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BABTOL'S 
STEAK    TRAP. 
Siu-face   Condensers. 
DAVID- STODDART, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  F. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.  I.  CTJKRY  Qate  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 


CELEBRATED 


SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

(JOBBING 

and 

Repairing: 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    BISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 

Corner  of  lie  ale  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam.  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

JMrectors: 
Wm.Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenliam,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Win.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

0.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary, 

^ 2*vl7-qy 

OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &~BOLAND, 

irtOIST    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  Bhort  notice. 
Notice, — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  8v24-3m 

Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  FnANCisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILlT  FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating:  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GEIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDEAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FEONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing requiied  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
5v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHELDEL  &  CO. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  1  •-!.'»  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  KiNDaofBrass, Composition, Zinc, and  BabblttTUeta 
Jastings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, Sheathing 
Sails,  Rudder  Braces,  UingC8,Shlp  andSteamboat  Bellsand 
Songs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
Iraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
IS-  PRICES  MODERATE.  St 
J.   H.  WEED*  V.  KING  WELL. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    £c    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 

Cor.  JFU'st   and.    Mission    ©ts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made   to   order. 

Steamboat  Kepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Pinishing, 

EXECUTED    WTTH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINEEY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  aDd  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MABBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  siza. 

Irrigating-   Pumps.     Steam   Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.BOOTH.  GEO.  W. PRESCOTT.  TRVLNGM. SCOTT 
4v24-lyBlamr 


SAJN"    ^ICAIVCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

itANUFACTOTUOlS  OF  All.  KINDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  IE  Dnunm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA.      FOUNDRY, 


LIOBT  ASB  HEAVY  CASTINGS. 
of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6or 

FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-lb.  Can  Press  for  $65;   Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15,  etc.  13v24-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


THE    HIGHEST    PREMIUM 

Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodn  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup ;  it  is  always  cool ;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  Btyleof  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  J.  GUS.  BURT. 


June  8,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


367 


PACIFIC      BRIDGE      COMPANY, 


WORKS    NEAR    SOUTH    POINT    MXLL,    BERRY    STREET.    SAN    FRANCISCO.    CAL. 

Arc  Prepared,  with  Superior  Machinery,  to  Manufacture  and  Build  all  kinds  of  Bridges  on  Smith's,  Howe's,  and  other  Improved 

Plans.     Framing  of  all  kinds  done  by  Machinery. 

Tin'  Smith  Bridges  bava  been  thon-uglily  tested  in  the  East  for  Three  Years,  and  wherever  tried  have  proved  superior  to  any  other 
Uriiige  in  the  following  points  : 

Being  hnilt  of  wood  entirely,  they  are  not  affected  by  change  of  temperature. 

The  timber  used  is  placed  so  directly  in  the  line  of  strain,  that  less  material  is  required  to  support  the  same  load. 

It  is  not  perceptibly  affected  by  shrinkage.     It  is  the  most  Economical  Bridge  built.     It  is  adapted  to  any  practicable  Length  of  Span. 

l'luiis,  Specifications  and  Terms  will  be  sent  to  any  County,  Township  or  Person  wishing  to  build  a  Bridge,  and  no  charge  made  unless  the 
l'l.vn  is  used.     For  all  Public  Bridges  the  Plan  will  always  be  open  to  competition. 

Smith's  celebrated  CAST  IRON  PIER,  economical,  and  adapted  to  heavy  currents,  built  at  low  rates. 

C.  H.  GORRILL,  Secretary,  "W.    H.    GOBBILL,    P»x-esi<lent. 


MOLDING,    MOETTSINC, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MAOBIKES, 
BAND    SAWS, 
g,  SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  IUrLROAD,  Cab,  and  Agiu- 
cn/ruiui.  Shops,  Etc..  Etc. 
J&~  Superior  to  uuy  in  use 


J.    A. 


FAY   &   CO., 

Cdjctxnati,  Ofio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANUTACTtTEEllS     OP 


"WOOD-WORKING  IMACHINERY, 

UU03  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Philadelphia  . 

tar  Woodwortb  Planers  a  Specialty.  2v23-ly 


ALFRED    S.    MOORE    &    CO., 

428    SANSOME    STREET, SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

riiese  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  he  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
aud  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  ha? 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  issufflcient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directlj 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  deBired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows  . 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  mnller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  platee  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  aregnlar  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 


Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setter* 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

liOILEK,     MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  st.  between  Fremont  and   Be&le.  Pan  Francisco 


CALDWELL'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 


0 


e 
» 

to 

H 
M 

H 

H 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS.  METER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES   MA  UK 

On  ull  Lln.l,  of  Di  r«,  anil  purtlcular  utlrni  li.t 
PAID  TO 

CUNSIONHENTB  OP  DUO  UN. 

4vl«-3m 


Importers    and    T>civleris    in 

Iron  and  Brass  Force  and  Lift  PUMPS,  Hydraulic  Rams, 

GAKDEN   ENGINES, 

BUTCHERS'  PICKLE  PUMPS, 

CHEAP  DEEP  WELL  LIFT  PUMPS, 

DEEr  WELL  FORCE  PUMPS, 

BOILER  FEED  PUMPS, 

STEEL  AMALGAM  FARM  BELLS, 
PIPE  HOSE,  HOSE  PIPES, 

COUPLINGS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

The  above  named  goods  are  unequaled  for  finish  by  any  others  in  the  mnrltet,  and  the  prices  will  compare 
favorably  For  instance,  the  price  of  the  Three-inch  Force  PUMP  represented  in  the  cut,  with  air  chamber  hav- 
ing two  outlets.  iB  FIFTEEN  DOLLARS.  Illustrated  Catalogue  sent  upon  application.  Pipe  cut  to  any  required 
length,  and  estimates  furnished. 13v3-lam-bp 


and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco 

3v21-3ra 


WM.  CALDWELL. 


.VAN  WINKLE.  O.W.DAVENPORT. 

VAN  WINKLE  &  DAVENPORT, 

IMPORTERS   AND   DEALERS   IN 

Iron,    Steel    and    Heavy 
Hardware, 

CUMBERLAND     COAL, 

Axles,    Springs,    Blacksmith's  Tools,   Etc., 

Removed  from  Sacramento  to 

Nos.  413  and  115  Market  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

21v24-ly 


California  File  Manuf'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet,  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
HEll'ER  AND  MOWEK  SECTIONS,  UAKS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  60  per  cent.    Orders  from  the  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


THEODORE   KALLENBEEG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  InventorB.    All  binds  of  Dies, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Gut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  In  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


The  Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     TJSEI 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Keduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
03"  Send  for  Circular.  13v24-3m 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

431   &lont|tnn>«?ry  St.  up  'lulr*. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  AnalyoiH  of  Orefl. 
Minerals,  Metal  linyd'al  ProdudtS,  Minural  Wutera, 
Soils,  OoninuT'-iul  Artirh-H.  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruct  inn  in  Annaylng,  Annlyfiin,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  CheniiMry  at  the  laboratory.  llrJl-ym 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 
Assayer  and  Mctallui-jBTifii' 

CHEMIST, 

No.     Oil    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint . 

San  Fhanoisco,  Cai..  7v21-3ic 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING   WORKS . 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAXt, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


J.   W.   THURMAIV, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Hovtiund  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 
ALL  ORDERS  EXECUTED  AT  TBS  BITOIITEST  NOTICE.  5v2J-6m 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    SIS    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery Sam  Fhancisco. 

J.    A.    MARS,    Assayer. 
Q&~  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v20 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

Richakdson  &,  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  years  established 
in  Swansea  as  .  \  ■'<■  1 1 1  -  for  the  preparation,  Sampling,  Assay- 
ing, and  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Gold,  Lead,  £inc,  and  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  for  which  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  WhurvL'B  under  cover,  1,000  feet  of  Quay  Front- 
age within  the  Floating  Duck,  and  the  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  muke 
advances  against  Ores  in  anticipation  cf  realisation,  nod  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  17v24-ly 


O.  W.  STEONQ. 


W.  L. STRONG 


as- 


BUY   BARBER'S  BIT  BRACE. 


~®X 


C.   W.   STRONG   &.  CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Oold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 

PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc,  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RAYNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  U2  vl  3 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS    OP    AND    DEALERS     IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC   GOODS,  ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers. 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

—AND— 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  In  furnishing  these  snpplles  Rinee 
the  first  discovery  of  mlneB  on  the  Pacific  Coast, 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances— L.  Oertlings,  London. 

ABsay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnacos— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifi- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Cups,  Stench  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

ABsayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers"  Hard- 
ware-a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS   AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharee. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
1£7~  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degreeB  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  GraiDS  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v25-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


368 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  8,  187a. 


Scientific  Press 


Oun  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency  presents 
many  and  important  advantages  as  a  Home  Agency  over 
all  others  by  reasons  of  long  establishment,  great  expe- 
rience, thorough  system,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  subjects  of  inventions  in  our  own  community. 
All  worthy  inventions  patented  through  our  Agency  will 
have  the  benefit  of  an  illustration  or  a  description  in  the 
Scientific^  Pbesb.  We  transact  every  branch  of  Patent 
easiness,  and  obtain  Patents  in  all  civilized  countries. 
The  large  majority  of  TJ.  S  and  Foreign  Patents  granted 
to  inventors  on  the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  obtained 
through  our  Agency.  We  can  give  the  best  and  most 
reliable  advice  as  to  the  patentability  of  new  inventions. 
Advice  and  Circulars  fbee.  Our  prices  are  as  low  as 
any  first-class  agencies  in  the  Eastern  States,  while  our 
advantages  for  Pacific  Coast  inventors  are  far  superior. 

Engraving  on-  Wood,  of  every  kind,  for  illustrating 
machinery,  buildings,  trade  circulars,  labels,  plain  or  in 
colors,  designed  and  cut  in  the  best  style  of  the  art  by 
experts  in  our  own  office.    Also,  engraving  on  metals. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 

Publisher*,  Patent  Agents,  and  Inifraveri1 
No.'338  Montgomery  st.,  San  Francisco,  Ca 


ONE   DOI^AR   J\-  YEAK 

—  FOB  THE  — 

PACIFIC     COAST 


This  is  a  now  16-pase  monthly  uewspaper,  of  special  in- 
formation tor  wholesale  and  retail  tradesmen.  It  will  also 
contain  loading  of  interest  and  importance  to  all  tmsiuess 
and  professional  men  on  the  coast. 

OUR  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 
Will  comprise  Full  Prices  Current  and  Monthly  Review  of 
the  Wholesale  Markets;  Diagrams  of  the  Fluctuations  ot 
the  Proiluco  Markets;  Rates  of  Freight  and  Passenger 
Fares— corrected  monthly;  Illustrations  and  Sketches  of 
Prominent  Men  and  Buildings:  Editorials  on  Manufactur- 
ing and  Industrial  Progress;  Departments  containing  ap- 
propriate reading  matter  and  reviews  for  various  brauohes 
of  trade,  including  "Grocery  and  Provision;"  "Dry  Goods;  ' 
"Trades  and  Manufactures,"  etc.,  etc. 

Our  first  issue  for  May  consists  of  24  pages,  embracing 
FORTY-FIVE  COLUMNS  of  important  reading  matter- 
mostly  original  and  by  first-class  writers.  Sample  copies, 
post  p:iid.  10  Ota.  Yearly  subscription,  in  advance,  $1.  Sub- 
scribers to  the  Scientific  Press  or  the  Pacific  Rural 
Peess  will  be  supplied  at  half  price. 

Published  by  MURRAY,  DEWEY  &  CO., 
At  the  Publishing  Office  of  tae  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific 

Rural  Press,  San  Francisco. 


The  Pacific  Rural  Press. 

The  Pacific  Ktjkal  Press  is  now  in  its  third 
volume.  Its  columns  contain  a  large  amount 
of  original  information  upon  the  different 
branches  of  husbandry  on  this  coast.  Its  great 
variety  of  contents  is  properly  systemized  for 
the  convenience  of  the  reader,  and  ably  pre- 
pared in  pleasing  language  and  stylo.  Each 
number  contains  something  of  rare  interest  to 
every  member  of  the  household. 

The  state  of  this  new  field  of  agriculture,  so 
different  from  all  others;  the  new  and  improved 
methods  of  farming  necessary  here;  and  the 
absence  of  any  published  record  of  farming  and 
rural  experience  on  this  coast,  form  a  com- 
bination of  circumstances  which  render  a  really 
good  journal  of  greater  importance  to  farmers 
here  than  are  similar  issues  to  farmers  in  any 
other  part  of  the  world. 

The  Pacific  Rural  Press  has  been  heartily 
received  and  well  patronized,  and  its  liberal 
success  enables  us  to  improve  and  enrich  its 
columns  from  month  to  month. 

Its  reading  and  advertising  matter  is  entirely 
chaste.  All  farmers  should  subscribe  without 
delay.  Every  household  should  enjoy  its  richly 
filled  pages. 

Subscription,  in  advance,  $4  a  year.  Single 
copies  10  cts.  Four  single  copies,  of  late  dates, 
sent  postpaid  for  25  cts.    Address 

DEWEY    &    CO., 
Publishers,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 

ACTIVE  MEN ! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers ol  the  SCIENTIFIC  PKESS  and  the  PACIFIC  BU- 
BAL PRESS,  No,  338  Montgomery  street,  S.  F, 


KNOWLES'    PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Extract     from     Official     Report    ox    Media-nics'    Institute     Fair     of     San 

Francisco,     1871. 

■'  In  the  foregoing  trials  it  appears  that  the  mo6t  efficient  Pump  on  exhibition  is  the  KNOWLES.  The  work- 
manship on  this  Pump  is  also  very  good,  rt  e  would  therefore  recommend  that  this  Pump  receive  a  Silver  Medal, 
(Diploma  awarded) .    Signed  by  the  Committee  : 


v!13-awbp 


G.  W.  DICKIE, 
CHAS.  E.  STEIGER, 


W.  EPPELSIIEIMER, 


H.  B.  ANGELL, 
MELVILLE  ATWOOD.' 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  -without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent.,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


WE    BUILD    AND    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE   LARGEST  STOCK   OF    PUMPS    IN    THE   WORLD, 

And  for  Every  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L.    FISH,    Agent. 

]No    £>  First  Street,   (San  Francisco,   Cal. 

P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand.  3v24:-eoMr-bp 


BLAKE'S     PATENT    STEAM     PURflP. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  Exh1  'Hon  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  San  Francisco 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUHF.—  This  Pump  yielded  the  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  as 
compared  with  its  measured  capacity,  i  he  valves  are  ot  brass,  and  well  arranged.  The  steam  valves  are  well 
arranged  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  fast  or  slow. 

We  recommend  that  a  Medal  he  awarded  to  it,  as  THE  BEST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  Silver  Medal, 
the  first  premium.]  (Signed)  JAS.    SPIERS, 

WM.    H.    BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Ste;im  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial  Exhibition  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING-  PUMP.— This  is  au  excellent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty.  We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.     (Signed  by  the  Committee.) 

G.  W.   DICKIE,  H.  B.   ANGEL,  CHAS.  R.    STEIOER, 

W.  EPPELSHEIMEll,  MELVILLE    ATWOOD. 

[No  other  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST  Mechanics'  Exhi- 
bition, all  other  assertions  to  Vie  contrary  ywtiviUistantling.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump  was  the  only  Pump  of  any  kind 
whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM  (highest  award  to  pumps)  at  the  l-axt  Exhibition,  for 
which  we  are  also  selling  agents.— Sec  official  Report  of  Uie  above  Committee.] 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  by  a  committee  of  five  of  the  most 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast  (as  above  named) ,  showed  that  the  Blake  Pump  gave  86  per  cent,  oi 
utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  60  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in  economy. 

The  Blake  Pump  is  the  ONLY  Steam  Pump  that  EVER  RECEIVED 
A  SILVER  MEDAL  at  any  Exhibition  of  the  3Ieclianics'  Institute  ever  held 
in  San  Francisco  or  California 

T£F  A  complete  stock  of  till  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  "Warehouse  of  the  Agents, 

TKEA.I>WEJL,L,    &,    CO., 

Market  Street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Fbancisco. 


THE     TRUTH! 

A.  L.  FISH,  Agent  Knowles'  Steam  Pump — Dear  Sir:  In  answer  to  your  inquiries, 
we  state  that  the  highest  award  for  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  or  last  Mechanics' 
Fair  in  San  Francisco,  was  a  First  Premium  and  Diploma,  awarded  to  the  Knowles' 
Patent  Steam  Pump,  as  published  in  the  Official  List  September  23d,  1871. 

A.  S.  HALLIDIE,  President  Board  of  Managers. 

W.  H.  Williams,  Sec'y  Board  of  Managers  Eighth  Industrial  Exhibition,  M.  I. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Axe  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famoxas  regular 

GIANT    POWDER,  A.  NO.    3    GIANT    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  which  wo  recommend  for 
BANK     BHiA^rZiVG,      COAL      MINES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROOK    IS    NOT    VERY    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 
J?x\ice.    GO  Cents  per    Found. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANLHANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 

20v22-3ml6p  General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


W.  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO- 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

CASTIN  GfeS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVERN     AND  AND     OF,  MS,    60NU8, 

FIHE    ENGINES,  FORGE  AND   LIFT   PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocfcs, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  "Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  eto.  Coupling  Joints  of  allsizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

BS'-Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GARRATT,  JAMES  BHiLMAN,  W.  T.  XITTLE. 

N.  W.  SPATJLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  ami  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANTJFACTDBEB  OF 

SPAUL  DING'S* 

Patent  Tooth  Circular  Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  he  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in  every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  hy  H.  BOTEB,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 

FRANCIS   SMITH  &  CO., 


'Mm  i  ixfHctxii'ers*    o± 


HYDRAULIC     PIPE, 


Artesian  Well  Pipe — All  Sizes. 


Having  the  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  we  can;makeit 
an  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO  CONTRACT  WITH  US  FOR 

SHEET    IROIN     FIFE. 


All  Work  Guaranteed. 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  San  Francisco. 

4v24-cow3mlfip 


MAGAZINES. 

P.  An. 

W.  E.  L00MIS, 

$4  00 

3  00 

5  00 

6  00 
1.100 

AND  STATIONER, 

3.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Harper's  Weekly.... 

All  the  Year  Round.. 
London  HI.  N«wb.     . 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BT  THE 
Tear,  Month,  or  Number 

THE  NEW  TJ.  S.  MINING  LAWS. 

The  new  Laws  of  1872,  governing  the  location  and 
purchase  ol  Placer  and  Quartz  Mines,  and  Agricultural 
Lauds  in  Mining  Districts,  of  the  TJ.  S.,  printed  in  cir- 
cular sheet,  for  sale  at  this  office.  Bingle  copies  10  cts. 
Usual  discount  to  the  trade. 


BY    DEWEY    4c    CO., 

Patont    Nollcltor». 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  15,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
Number    2-1. 


The  Hydraulic  Ram. 

Ki>3.  Pbess: — Being  a  subscriber  to  your 
valuable  paper,  I  wish  to  ascertain  some- 
thing about  the  working  of  a  hydraulio 
ram,  through  your  columns.  I  do  not  un- 
derstand anything  of  the  workings  of  the 
ram,  the  number  of  feet  they  will  force  the 
water,  the  amount  of  water  needed  to  work 
them  or  the  quantity  of  water  forced  up 
the  elevation,  the  cost  of  the  ram,  pipe, 
etc.,  and  whore  they  can  be  purchased.  If 
you  oan  answer  my  question  you  will  con- 
fer a  favor  on  o.  c.  i. 

Bear  Valley,  Colusa  Co.,  May,  72. 

Wo  have  received  numerous  queries  sim- 
ilar to  the  above  during  the  past  year,  from 
which  we  infer  that  much  attention  is  be- 
ing given  to  this  mode  of  supplying  water 
for  household  and  farm  purposes.  It  is  in 
view  of  this  that  we  have  had  an  engraving 
prepared  from  an  original  drawing,  giving 
a  view  of  the  working  parts  of  the  ma- 
chine, which,  with  the  accompanying 
description,  will  give  a  clear  insight  into 
the  principle  upon  which  the  machine 
works.  The  table  appended  will  also  ena- 
ble the  reader  to  judge  of  the  size  of  the 
ram  which  he  may  require  to  meet  his 
needed  supply,  or  to  utilize  the  amount  of 
water  he  may  have  at  his  command.  The 
illustration  which  is  herewith  given  differs 
from  any  with  which  we  have  met  in  any 
of  the  technical  works  of  the  day,  and 
shows  the  machine  in  its  most  improved 
construction.  We  have  examined  some  of 
these  machines,  for  sale  by  the  importers, 
Messrs.  Brittan  &  Holbrook,  of  this  city, 
who  can  be  consulted  fully  with  regard  to 
prices,  etc.,  which  we  believe  range  from 
$9  to  S60,  according  to  the  size  of  the  ma- 
chine. 

Philosophy  of  the  Hydraulic  Ram. 
Fluids  are  subject  to  the   same  law   of 
gravity  as  solid  bodies,  and  a  mass  of  fluid 
descending  vertically  has  its  motion  accel- 
erated in  the  same  manner  as  a  solid  mass, 
and  the  momentum  generated  is  the  pro- 
duct of  its  quantity  of  matter  and  velocity. 
If  a  column  of  water  moves  through  either 
a  vertical  or  an  incline  pipe,  it  acquires  a 
velocity,  which  from  the   friction  of  the 
pipe  will  soon  become   uniform,   and  the 
momentum  generated  will  be  measured  by 
the  mass,  multiplied  into  the  uniform  ve- 
locity; new  force  is  also  necessary  for  the 
destruction  of  motion,  and  the  shorter  the 
time  through  which  it  act3  the   greater  is 
the  effect  produced.    Thus  a  small  ham- 
mer of  steel  is  more  effective  against  a  nail 
than  a  mallet  twenty  times  its  weight,  both 
moving  with  the   same  velocity.     By  the 
density  of  the  face  the  motion  is  destroyed 
instantly,   and  instantly  received  by  the 
nail.     In  the  mallet,  motion  is  communi- 
cated gradually,  and  diffused  more  or  less 
over  the  body  into  which  the  nail  is  driven. 
The  sudden  destruction  of  motion  in  flu- 
ids as  a  mass  is  attended  with   effects  pre- 
cisely   analogous.     When  the  motion    of 
a  large  body  of  water  is  suddenly  stopped, 
the  surface  which  stops  it  sustains  a  great 
force.   The  pipes  of  our  hydrants  are  some- 
times bursted  when  the  stop-cock   is  sud- 
denly shut  off. 


The  power  of  the  hydraulio  ram  is  con- 
structed on  this  principle,  being  an  im- 
pulsive machine,  deriving  its  power  from 
the  work  accumulated  iu  the  water  which 
supplies  it. 

In  the  illustration  herewith  presented,  A 
is  a  valve  which  opens  downwards,  allow- 
ing the  water  to  escape,  and  so  produces  a 
current  down  the  conduotor  pipe  H;  the 
water  acquiring  a  sufficient  velocity  will 
close  the  valve  A.  The  motion  is  thus 
suddenly  stopped,  causing  a  reaction  and 
a  pressure  sufficient  to  open  the  valve  B, 
and  forces  water  into  the  chamber  C.  The 
pressure  overcome,  the  valve  A  falls  by  its 
own  weight,  and  the  current  again  directed 
towards  the  opening  A,  the  pressure  at  B 
being  removed,  the  valve  falls  and  closes 
the  chamber  0.  The  ram  is  now  in  the 
same  condition  as  at  first.     The  water  ac- 


various  rams,  with  the  necessary  appen- 
dages of  pipe,  etc.: — 


tmoual  tf  Wafer 

DiNasnd 

Per  J/imuV. 


3  quarts  to  2   gals 


5 

Dinmtter 

■ 

r 

J'.p-.i. 

z 

Weight 

**"' 

* 

« 

»4 

n    Iba. 

1 
1M 

| 

35      " 

H 

.15      " 

i'i 

l 

125     " 

■ii 

U4 

m    ■* 

i 

■i 

700     " 

1    CQbio   ft. 
cubic  ft. 


The  abo7o  table  is  calculated  (or  a  conduction  pipe,  with 
a  head  not  exceeding  ten  feet,  with  'lb  to  .V)  feet  length  uf 
conduction  pipe,  ana  50  to  100  feet  bight  of  discharge  pipe. 


If  the  ram  be  placed  under  a  greater 
head  or  fall  than  designated  in  the  abeve 
table,  then  the  strength  of  the  con- 
duction pipe  must  be  increased  —  that 
consequently  increasing  the  weight ;  al- 
so, should  it  be  necessary  to  force 
the  water  to  a  greater  hight  than 
those    mentioned,     the     discharge    pipe 


A   SECTIONAL  VIEW  OF  A  HYDRAULIC  RAM. 


quiring  a  sufficient  velocity,  closes  valve 
A,  and  is  forced  into  chamber  C,  and  so 
the  action  continues. 

The  space  C  is  an  air  chamber,  from 
which  the  supply  into  the  discharge  pipe 
E  is  steady.  If  a  ram  be  used  to  raise 
water  to  a  great  elevation,  it  would  be  sub- 
jected to  a  great  inoonvenience  that  would 
soon  destroy  the  benefit  of  the  air  cham- 
ber, from  the  fact  that  if  the  air  be  sub- 
jected to  great  pressure,  it  will  in  time  be 
incorporated  by  the  water,  and  to  remedy 
this  a  very  small  hole  should  be  made  in 
the  upper  side  of  the  pipe  Hoi,  F.  Where 
the  rush  of  water  is  suddenly  stopped  by 
the  valve  A,  a  partial  vacuum  is  produced 
below  the  air  chamber  by  the  recoil  of  the 
water  and  air  enters  at  F,  and  is  afterwards 
forced  into  the  chamber  C,  and  supplies 
the  deficiency.  In  small  rams  the  open- 
ing is  not  necessary. 

The  annexed  table  has  been  prepared  to 
show  the  useful  effects  of  this  device  for 
raising  water,  designating  the  capacity  of 


must  be  increased  in  thickness  in  pro- 
portion to  the  pressure  exerted,  and  the 
diameter  enlarged. 

If  the  head  of  water  be  over  that  given 
in  the  table,  then  a  smaller  sized  ram  will 
furnish  the  same  quantity  of  water  as  a 
larger  one  under  a  less  head.  For  in- 
stance, a  No.  4  would  be  of  sufficient  ca- 
pacity, under  a  head  of  8  or  10  feet,  to  de- 
liver 7  gallons  per  minute;  whereas  if  the 
head  was  but  3  or  i  feet,  a  No.  5  would  be 
necessary  to  deliver  the  same  amount  If 
the  head  is  a  large  one,  and  a  greater  sup- 
ply of  water  delivered  be  required  than 
one  ram  will  supply,  then  increase  the 
number  of  rams,  for  several  rams  can  be 
erected  so  as  to  deliver  into  one  discharge 
pipe,  each  ram  having  a  separate  conduc- 
tion pipe  to  its  head.  There  is  a  governor 
attached  to  these  rams,  by  which  the  sup- 
ply is  regulated,  and  the  quantity  delivered 
is  not  affected  by  the  rise  and  fall  in  the 
head. 

The  mines  of  LaSalle,  HI.,  now  produce 
700  tons  of  coal  daily. 


The  State  Fair. 

The  indications  are  that  the  California  Slate 
Fair  will  for  exceed  this  year  any  fair  of  the 
kind  ever  held  in  the  State.  The  visiting  com- 
mittee are  traveling  among  the  producers  and 
exhibitors,  and  give  most  nattering  accounts  of 
the  prospects.  Col.  Younger,  of  the  commit- 
tee who  has  been  among  the  cattle,  sheep  and 
goat  men  of  the  Southern  Counties,  writes  to 
the  Board  of  Directors  as  follows. 

"I  must  say  that  I  have  never  seen  any  people 
in  better  spirits.  Their  crops  are  looking 
splendidly,  and  stock  the  same. 

There  will  be  the  largest  exibition  of  sheep 
and  angora  goats  and  their  grades  that  has  ever 
been  made  at  any  fair  in  the  United  States. 
You  will  have  to  make  more  room  for  eheep 
and  goats.  Prom  this  section  alone,  there  will 
be  from  three  to  four  hundred  head  of  sheep 
and  goats.  They  are  preparing  to  contend  for 
every  premium  offered — in  other  words,  they 
intend  to  make  these  departments  a  success  at 
the  State  Fair.  The  prospect  is  that  the  com- 
ing fair  will  be  the  greatest  exibition  ever  held 
in  any  State  in  the  Union.  Great  interest  is 
manifested  everywhere." 


San  Fbanctsco  Micboscopioai,  Society. 
The  regular  semi-monthly  meeting  of  this 
Society  was  held  on  the  7th  inst.  A  fine 
specimen  of  platin.  cyanide  of  magnesium 
was  presented  by  Mr.  Charles  G.  Ewing. 
The  committe  on  purchase  of  instruments 
reported  that  they  had  sent  for  two  first 
class  instruments  with  accessories  includ- 
ing a  cabinet  capable  of  holding  1,000  ob- 
jects. C.  M.  TCinne  read  a  paper  on  the 
scale'  insect  which  was  spoken  oi  at  the 
previous  meeting.  Under  the  microscope 
it  appeared  of  a  reddish  color  with  dark 
spots,  tortoise-shaped,  flexible  back  pro- 
ecting  over  the  body  and  legs,  fringed 
with  a  sort  of  hair.  It  has  apparently 
eight  legs.  The  mouth  is  large  and  circu- 
lar. The  insect  fastens  itself  to  one  spot, 
lays  about  100  eggs  and  then  gradually 
shrivels  up  and  dies,  leaving  the  scaly  cov- 
ering as  a  protection  for  the  eggs.  The 
insect  is  about  one-tenth  of  an  inoh  long 
and  half  as  wide.  The  j  oung  are  a  yellow- 
ish green  color. 

Mr.  Hanks  showed  a  1-15  inch  object 
glass  of  fine  construction  with  which  ani- 
malculae  from  the  city  water  were  examined. 
It  is  proposed  shortly  to  incorporate  the 
society. 

The  Pioneeb  Miners'  Association. — The  first 
annual  festival  of  this  association  was  held  at 
the  City  Gardens  in  this  city  on  the  9th  and 
10th  inst.  An  old  time  lunch  of  porkand  beans, 
flap  jacks,  etc.,  was  setout  for  theguests.  The 
association  paraded  the  streets  headed  by  a 
band,  all  dressed  in  the  characteristic  costume 
of  the  miners  of  early  dayB.  All  the  requisites 
for  illustrating  the  methods  of  mining  were 
supplied.  Long  toms,  sluices,  cradles,  etc., 
were  arranged  near  the  lake,  and  some  "  salt- 
ed "  dirt  was  washed  out.  An  arastra  was  in 
operation,  and  a  shaft  was  sunk;  the  Court  of 
the  Justice  of  the  Peace  was  in  full  blast.  A 
number  of  miners  cabins  were  erected  and  cook- 
ing done  in  good  style.  Prizes  were  awarded 
for  the  best  miner;  best  cook;  best  rocker';  best 
flap-jack;  best  two  sluices;  shaft  sinking;  repre- 
sentation of  Judge  Lynch;  best  chimney,  etc. 
A  dance  wound  up  the  festival.  The  associa- 
tion numbers  about  200  members,  embracing 
many  old  pioneers.  It  is  a  benevolent  organi- 
zation intended  particularly  to  assist  old-time 
miners  who  have  become  aged  and  infirm. 


370 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  15,  1872. 


Correspondence, 


The  Manufacture  of  Tea. 

Editors  Pkess: — I  find  by  your  paper 
that  something  is  being  done  in  the  way 
of  experiment  towards  the  manufacture  of 
tea  in  California.  I  have  much  pleasure 
in  sending  you  a  few  of  the  methods  which 
I  have  successfully  employed  in  India, 
commencing  with  green  teas. 

Green  Tea— Process  Ho  1i 

First  day  and  nightr-l.  Plucking  the 
leaf;  2.  Panning  at -200"  P\;  -3.  Rolling 
thoroughly  (by  machines  or  otherwise) ;  4. 
Expressing '  the  juices  by  means  of  the 
hands  or  a  press. 

Second  day — 5.  Slight  evaporation  of 
juicesin  the  sun,  or  artificially;  6.  Drying 
on  the  pun  nt-lflflO;  gradually  cooling  the 
pan  as  the  process  proceeds;  7.  Picking 
out  stalks  and  coarse  leaf. 

Third  day— ^8.  Winnowing  and  sifting; 
9.  Packing. 

Green  Tea— Process  No.  2. 

First  day  and  night — 1.  Plucking  the 
leaf;  2.  Roasting;  3.  Rolling. 

Second  day— -4.  Exposure  to  the  sun; 
5.  Rolling  on  trays  meanwhile;  6.  Drying 
over  charcoal  fires  if  still  wet;  7.  Drying 
on  pans  at  150°,  gradually  cooling  to  130°; 

8.  Sifting  and  classifying. 

Third  day— 9.  Pinal  drying  on  cool  pan, 
to  obtain  color;  10.  Pack  hot. 

Black  Tea — Process  No.  1. 
1,  Plucking  leaf  ;  2.  Spreading  out 
thinly;  ;3.  Exposure  to  sun  and  air;  .4. 
Panning;  5.  Rolling;  6.  Exposure  to  air 
until  completion  of  rolling ;  7.  Fermenta- 
tion; 8.  Spreadingithinly  to  partially  dry; 

9.  Final  drying   over  charcoal;  10.  Pick- 
ing, sifting,  etc. ;  11.  Packing. 

Black  Tea — Process  No.  2. 

First  day  and  night — 1.  Plucking  the 
leaves;  2.  Spreading  out  thickly. 

Second  day  and  night — 3.  Exposure  to 
air  and  tossing  ;  4.  Panning  at  180°  or 
200°;  5.  Rolling  and  exposure  to  air;  6. 
Panning  at  160°;  7,  Rolling;  8.  Spreading 
out  thinly. 

Third  day  and  night — 9.  Partial  drying 
in  sun  qr  otherwise;  10.  Picking  coarse 
leaf,  etc;  11.  Final  drying  over  charcoal 
fires. 

Forth  day — 12.  Sifting,  separating,  win- 
nowing, etc;  13.  Packing. 

Very  many  other  methods  are  in  vogue, 
according  to  climate  and  the  kind  of  teare- 
quired.  James  MacPhekson,, 

4  Stoneleigh  Villas,  Erith,  Kent,  Eng. 


powerfully,  of  a  weird  and  brilliant  imagination 
and  fascinating  style  as  a  story  writer,  this 
command  of  English,  which  would  have  made 
him  famous  if  it  were  his  sole  possession,  was 
still  only  a  means.  His  many  inventions  in 
mechanics  and  the  arts  he  looked  on,  not  as 
results  so  much  as  incidents,  and  his  life  was 
spent  in  trying  to  do  more.  For  ten  years  an 
invalid  in  terrible  daily  suffering,  his  brain  dai- 
ly worked  his  enfeebled  body  to  its  utmost,  and 
he  lived  almost  by  sheer  strength  of  will. 

His  life's  work  is  unfinished.  Contributions 
to  it  appear  in  the  papers  of  the  American 
Academy,  in  detached  newspaper  articles, 
some  under  his  signature,  others  not.  But  he 
died  almost  before  his  material  was.  -heaped  to- 
gether. He  intended  to  develop  a  new  theory 
of  "evolution -of  order  from  chaos,  of  life  from 
inanition,  of  spirit  from  life,  and  he  died  before 
the  work  was  more  than  begun.  In  thinking  of 
him  hereafter  his  career  must  be  judged  by  its 
hopes  and  intentions  and  not  by  its  results. 
And  let.  us  hope  that  the  thought  of  that  ac- 
tive brain,  that  truly  remarkable  mind,  has  not 
been  utterly  stilled  by  death  but  that,  as  the 
master  workman  has  ;among  his.  journeymen, 
among  many  craftsmen,  some  sons  of  the  craft, 
so"  the  labor  of  hi6  life  may  be  taken  up  by  lov- 
ing and  loyal  hearts  and  strong  and  active 
minds,  and  that  the  unwritten  results  of  his 
life  may  still  fructify  for  the  nourishment  of  man- 
kind. 


Mining  Companies'  Reports. 

Crown  Point  Mining  Co. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Crown  Point 
Mining  Co.  was  held  on  the  3d  inst.,  and 
Trustees  for  the  ensuing  year  were  elected. 
Their  names  will  be  found  in  another  col- 
umn. The  Secretary's  report  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  May  1st  was  read.  The  num- 
ber of  tons  of  ore  extracted  was  81,226,  at 
an  average  cost  of  $7.09,  and  80,567  tons 
of  ore  were  milled  at  an  average  cost  of 
$11.43  per  ton.  The  number  of  mills  em- 
ployed in  crushing  this  ore  was  fifteen,  in- 
cluding the  Rhode  Island  mill  belonging  to 
the  company.  The  average  of  this  ore  was 
$43.48,  and  the  total  product  amounted 
to  the  sum  of  $3,503,633. 

The  Secretary's  report  gives  the  follow- 
ing receipts  and  expenditures  for  the  fiscal 
year: 


|From  bullion $3,503,633 

Miscellaneous  sources 2,328 

Total  receipts $3,505,961 

Cash  on  hand,  May  1st,  1871 94,602 

Total $3,600,563 

EXPENDITURES. 

Mines,  labor  and  supplies $576,670 

Mine  improvements 65,331 

Ehode  Island  mill— labor 109,331 

Rhode  Island  mill — improvements 14,307 

Crushing  67,220  tons  ore , 807,309 


James  Davenport  Whelpley. 

The  subject  of  the  following  sketch  was  for 
several  years,  a  resident  of  California,  where  he 
found  many  warm  friends,  who  deeply  deplore 
his  death,  several. of  whom  have  desired  to  see 
the  following  tribute  to  his  ;  memory,  appear  in 
a  California  paper: 

On  Monday,  April  17,  there  died  in  Boston, 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  Americans  who 
have  contributed  to  the  thought  of  the  present 
oentury.  Descended  from  the  leader  of  the 
New  Haven  colony,  and  inheriting  those  quali- 
ties which  made  one  ancestor  a  martyr  for  the 
cause  of  the  church,  universal  and  catholic,  and 
another  a  seeker  for  liberty  of  conscience  in 
the  wilds  of  the  new  world;  learned  in  all  the 
exact  sciences;  and  an  accomplished  reasoner 
from  fa.cts;  of  varied  experience  as  a  journal- 
ist, a  politician,  a  leader  of  a  colony,  an  inven- 
tor and  a  scientist,  a  most  fascinating  conver- 
sationalist, an  exact  thinker,  a  wonderful  man 
in  every  respect,  his  life  still  failed  of  being  a 
success  to  himself  or  to  the  world,  judged  as 
the  world  judges,.  . 

But  the.  prophet  is  a  mystery  to  the  ordinary 
man,  and  his  life  must  be  measured  by  the 
"prophet's  reed,"  and:  not  by  the  ordinary 
measure  of  men.  He  lived,  a  searcher  after 
truth — he  lived,  a  student  of  the  exact  scien- 
ces,—he' lived,  a  collector  of  material  for  a 
great  work  he  was  always  promising  himself  to 
publish.  And  to  this. end  he  had  bent  all  the 
energies  and  love  and  hope  of  his  life,  and  to 
this  end  all  other  objects  and  aims,  the  fruition 
of  ordinary  hopes  were  but  means.  No  suc- 
cess was  a  finality  to  him  because  there  was 
this  hope  in  the.  future;  no  disaster  could  de- 
press, for  this  hope  always  remained.  A  phy- 
sician by  profession,  his  technical  knowledge 
was  only  a  broad  foundation  of  physiological 
study.  A  trained  and  practical  geologist  and 
mining  engineer,  his  profound  knowledge  was 
only  a  stone  in  the  building  he  was  hoping  to 
construct.  A'  chemist  who  anticipated  the  de- 
ductions of  Gerhardt  by  a  dozen,  years,  the 
chemical  knowledge  was  only  a  solution  of 
some  problems  of  the  arcanum,  which  gave 
rise  to  new  questions  to  be  solved.  Noted  as 
a  controversial  writer,  a  master  of  the  humorous 
satire  which  Rabelais  and  Irving  have  used  so 


General  expenses,  Gold  Hill  office,  etc.. 

Legal  expenses 

San  Francisco  office  expenses,  etc. 

Discount 

Interest 

Assaying 

Taxes 

Treasure  freight 

Real  Estate 


16,360 
8,400 
9,171 
2,803 
1,385 
18,462 
18,454 
13,547 
468 


Total  expenditures $1,682,048 

Qash,  May  1st,  1872 $644,507 

Cash  in  hands  Superintendent....       14,008 —       658,515 
Dividends  to  stockholders 1,260,^00 


,       Total $3,600,663 

The  difference  between  the  total  receipts 
and  expenditures  leaves  a  surplus  of  $1,- 
823,913,  of  which  $1,260,000  has  been  dis- 
bursed as  dividends  and  the  remainder 
carried  to  the  surplus  fund,  leaving  $644,- 
507.09  cash  on  hand  on  the  1st  [of  May. 
The  assets  of  the  company,  including  said 
cash  amount  to  $895,903,  and  the  liabilities 
are  nominal.  The  mine  has  paid  out  as 
dividends  a  total  of  $105  per  share  or 
$1,260,000.  Of  these  dividends. five  were 
$10  per  share,  two  $15,  and  one  $25. 
Since  the  first  of  May  the  largest  dividend 
ever  paid  by  a  mining  corporation  has 
been  disbursed,  vi2i.— $480,000  or  $40  per 
share. 

This  showing  is  a  very  favorable  one  as 
the  expenses  were  very  small.  The  aver- 
age yield  of  the  ore  for  the  year  being 
$43.48  the  mining  costing  but  $7.09,  the 
crushing  $11.43,  and  the  general  expenses 
on  the  number  of  tons  crushed  $1.53, 
leaves  a  profit  of  $23.05.  The  operations 
in  the  mine  during  the  past  month  have 
been  retarded  by  the  water,  and  by  an  ac- 
cident to  the  machinery.  The  capital 
stock  of  the  company  is  now  $10,000,00  in 
100,000  shares.  . 

Mammoth  S,  M.  Co. 

This  company  held  their  annual  meeting 
on  the  3d  inst.  and  elected  trustees  for  the 


ensuing  year,  whose  names^will  be  found 
in  another  column.  The  Secretary's  re- 
port shows  the  receipts  to  have  been  $10,- 
997.93,  of  which  $7,184.32  were  from  as- 
sessments, $1,539.41  from  bullion,  and 
cash  on  hand  in  1871,  $2,217.45.  The  dis- 
bursements were  $10,339.51,  of  which  the 
principal  items  are  milling  and  hauling, 
$965.25,  labor  $4,744.75  and  general  ex- 
penses, salaries,  etc.,  $2,276.44.  The  as- 
sessments during  the  fiscal  year  only 
amounted  to  20  cents  per  share  and  there 
are  no  liabilities..  ,  —  .  f 
Yule  Gravel  M.  Co. 
The  Yule  Gravel  Mining  Co.  met  on  the 
3d  ult.  The  Secretary's  report  shows  the 
receipts  to  have  been  $599.24.  Nine  divi- 
dends amounting  to  $45,000  were  disbursed 
by  the  company  and  other  expenses  were 
$13,853,  leaving  $1,400. on  hand. 


The  Institute  of  Mining   Engineers. 

The  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  has  elected 
the  following  officers  for  the  coming  year: 

President,  Bossiter  W.  Baymond,  New  York; 
Secretary.Martin  Corryell,  Pennsylvania;Treas- 
urer,  J.  Prior,  Pennsylvania;  Managers:  Abra- 
ham S.  Hewett,  New  York;  G.  AV.  Maynard, 
Troy;  T.  M.  Drown,  Philadelphia,  and  several 
others. 

Yesterday  the  members  of  the  organization, 
visited  the  Stevens  Institute  of  Technology,  in 
Hohoken,  where  they  were  joined  by  ex-Gov. 
"Ward,  Peter  Cooper,  Prof.  Draper,  Dr.  John 
Torrey,  Prof.  Silliman,  and  a  large  company  of 
distinguished  scientific  men.  Prof.  Henry 
Morton,  Principal  of  the  Institute,  received  his 
guests  in  a  hospitable  manner,  and  several 
hours  were  spent  in  examining  the  commodious 
new  building  and  the  valuable  collection  of 
apparatus  which  the  Institute  possesses.  The 
workshops,  laboratories,  and  lecture-rooms, 
aside  from  the  excellence  of  their  construction, 
have  every  appliance  for  facilitating  study. 
Although  the  Institute  has  not  yet  been  open 
eight  months,  it  has  already  21  students. 

In  the  evening  the  members  reassembled  at 
the  rooms  of  the  Geographical  Society,  Cooper 
Institute,  when  Prof.  B.  W.  Baymond  of  New 
York  read,  in  substance  as  follows,  on  the 
"Eureka  (Nevada)  and  other  Base  Metal  Dis- 
trictsof  fhe  West:" 

"  The  Eureka  District  stands  now  third  in 
rank  of  the  silver  producing  camps  of  Nevada. 
During  the  most  of  the  year  four  and  some- 
times five  furnaces  (combinations  of  the  Ba- 
chette  and  Piltz)  have  been  in  blast.  Late  last 
year,  and  in  the  earlier  months  of  the  present 
year,  the  Eureka  Consolidated  Mining  Com- 
pany discovered  immensely  valuable  and  exten- 
sive bodies  of  ore  in  the  Lawton  tunnel.  Ruby 
Hill  is  a  spur  of  the  diamond  range.  The 
openings  of  the  Eureka  Consolidated  as  well  as 
those  of  the  Bichmond  and  Tip-Top  are  on  the 
western,  and  the  new  ones  on  the  eastern 
slope.  The  strike  of  the  ore  body  is  nearly 
east  and  west,  and  its  dip  about  45  degrees  to 
the  northeast.  For  this  reason  ore  was  first 
discovered  on  the  western  slope  of  the  hill, 
where  the  vein  crops  out.  The  Lawton  tunnel 
is  now  in  over  600  feet,  and  passes  120  feet  to 
the  north  of  the  Keyes  shaft,  between  it  and 
the  windsail  shaft.  At  its  end  it  is  in  ore. 
The  Keyes  shaft  is  now  175  deep,  and  serves  as 
the  main  hoisting  shaft  for  the  old  works. 
These  are  the  largest  extent  in  quartzite.  The 
approach  to  the  vein  matter  is  distinguished 
by  a  yellow  color  of  the  first  dense,  afterward 
broken,  limestone;  next  by  a  stronger  impreg- 
nation of  pulverulent  brown  and  yellow  iron 
ore  and  stripes  of  the  first;  finally,  the  ore  body 
proper — brown  iron  ore,  with  impregnations 
and  bands  of  carbonate  of  lead  or  lead  ocher, 
is  reached.  While  on  the  western  slope,  be- 
side the  yellow  memetele,  large  masses  of  solid 
carbonate  of  lead,  with  so-called  'black  carbon 
ate,'  whioh  is  probably  a  new  mineral,  and  lit- 
tle galena  were  found.  The  ores  encountered 
on  the  eastern  slope  in  iron-stained  masses, 
which  are  poorerin  lead,  are  principally  highly 
argentiferous  galena  and  '  black  carbonate '  in 
lumps  and  nests  of  often  over  100  pounds 
weight.  For  this  reason  there  is  now  much 
more  base  bullion  produced  than  formerly. 
Seven  tons  of  ore  now  produce  one  ton  of  lead, 
while  formerly  it  required  10  to  12  tons.  At 
Bichmond  the  best  and  most  profitable  smelting 
works  in  the  State  are  building  energetically. 
All  signs  point  to  the  enormous  industrial  in- 
crease during  the  coming  year,  especially  if 
capitalists  should  take  up  the  Prospect  Hill 
mines.  The  total  product  of  bullion  of  the  Eu- 
reka Consolidated,  during  1871,  was  about  3,- 
172  tons.  The  average  contents  in  gold  and 
silver  for  the  whole  yearly  product  may  be  es- 
timated as  $250  per  ton.  Adding  §100  per  ton 
for  the  lead  we  have  a  gross  value  of  ©1,110,- 
314.10.  The  gross  value  of  the  total  produc- 
tions of  gold,  silver,  and  lead,  during  1871  by 
the  various  companies,  including  the  Eureka 
Consolidated  in  Eureka,  was  $2,035,588.86;  the 
total  quantity  of  bullion  shipped,  5,665  tons, 
1,074  pounds.  All  the  base  metal  mines  in  the 
district  have  the  same  character  as  those  pre. 
viously  described,  and  vary  less  in  the  classes 
of  ores  occurring  in  them  than  in  the  size  of  the 
ore  bodies." 

Prof.  Baymond  then  read  a  paper,  submitted 
by  B.  H.  Terhune  of  Chicago,  on  "Malleable 
Cast  Iron."  Papers  were  also  read  on  "Peck- 
ham's  Improvement  in  Forge  Fires  and  Fur- 
naces," by  George  W.  Maynard,  and  on  "-  The 


New  Mining  Law,"  by  Prof.  Baymond.  The 
Institute  is  nominally  adjourned  until  October, 
when  it  will  meet  again  in  Pittsburgh;  but  to- 
day several  members  will  visit  the  East  river 
caissons  and  the  Hell  Gate  works. — N.  Y. 
Tribune,  May  24. 

Important  Mining  Decision. 

Commissioner  Drummond,  of  the  Land  Office 
Department,  has  just  rendered  an  important 
deci  siou  touching  questions  of  conflict  on  the 
the  Comstock  lode,  State  of  Nevada.  The 
Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Company  have  made 
application  for  a  patent,  which  was  protested  by 
the  Chollar-Potosiand  Bullion  Companies  lying 
immediately  east  of  the  Julia  claim;. which  pro- 
test was  overruled  and  the  patent  issued. 

The  Chollar  Company  claimed  that  the  lodes 
upon  which  the  Julia  was  located  were  "parts 
and  parcels  of  the  Comstock  lode,"  and  be- 
longed to  the  Chollar  Company  by  virtue  of  its 
patent,  issued  February  4,  1870.  The  Com- 
missioner says  there  is  nothing  to  show  that 
the  surface  claims  conflict  and  that  the  object- 
ions are  based  rather1  on  a  contingency  which 
may  hereafter  occur,  than  anything  at  present 
definite  or  tangible  ;  but  as  this  can  only  be 
determined  by  future  developments,  the  wisdom 
and  justice  is  not  perceived  of  indefinitely  sus- 
pending the  execution  of  the  United  States  Min- 
ing laws  on  any  claims  which  may  be  in  the 
neighborhood  of  either  the  Comstock  or  any 
lode,  to  await  such  future  event.  Should  the 
veins  eventually  unite,  he  points  to  the  remedy 
in  the  Mining  Law,  which  declares  "that  where 
two  or  more  veins  unite,  the  oldest  or  prior  lo- 
cation shall  take  the  vein  below  the  point  of 
union,  including  all  the  space  of  intersection;" 
by  which  clause,  he  says,  the  Chollar  Company 
would  be  fully  invested  with  title  to  the  lode 
below  the  point  of  union,  but  that  their  claim 
to  the  veins  claimed  by  the  Julia  Company 
above  the  point  of  intersection,  is  not  recog- 
nized by  the  statute. 


A  eecent  issue  of  the  London  Mining 
Journal  records  the  trial  of  a  new  form  of 
stamping  machinery,  which  professes  to 
economize  .greatly  in  consumption  of 
fuel,  to  be  exceedingly  efficacious  in  work, 
and  to  be  of  comparatively  small  original 
cost.  A  working  experiment  was  made 
with  this  new  machinery — whioh  appears 
to  be  an  adaptation  and  modification  of 
the  Nasmyth  hammer — with  a  view  of  de- 
termining its  usefulness  for  purposes  of 
tin  ore  crushing,  the  trial  being  made  at 
the  West  Wheal  Jewell.  The  head  of  the 
stamp  is  fixed  to  a  piston-rod  and  works 
by  direct  action,  the  steam  being  conveyed 
through  a  steam  pipe  from  the  boiler.  In 
the  experiments  to  which  we  allude,  the 
stamps  worked  at  the  rate  of  110  strokes 
per  minute,  and  one  head  crushed  one 
hundred  weight  of  hard  tinstone  in  a  lit- 
tle less  than  four  minutes;  but  the  invent- 
or claims  that  the  stamps  will  work  at  the 
rate  of  120  strokes  per  minute  under  or- 
dinarily favorable  circumstances,  and 
orush  twenty-four  tons  per  head  a  day. 
The  hammer-heads  are  much  larger  than 
the  old  stamps,  measuring  eighteen  inches 
by  eight,  and  the  piston-rod  and  hammer 
together  weigh  about  eight  hundred 
weight.  The  force  of  the  stroke,  with  me- 
dium pressure,  is  from  thirty  to  thirty-five 
hundred  weight 

An  "  Inteen ationai.  Labobatoby." — In  con- 
nection with  the  grand  Vienna  Exposition  to  be 
held  next  year,  Prof.  Lielegg  calls  attention  in 
the  III.  Exposition  Journal  (for  copies  of  which 
we  are  indebted  to  C.  J.  Schultze  of  Pesth)  to 
the  so-called  Laboratoire.  international  of  the 
Paris  Exposition.  The  object  of  this  institu- 
tion, which  did  not  attract  the  attention  it  mer- 
ited, was  to  enable  visitors  to  obtain  a  better 
knowledge»and  form  a  better  judgement  of  the 
merits  of  exhibited  articles  than  could  be  ob- 
tained by  mere  inspection.  The  object  was 
most  praiseworthy  although  not  attained  in  the 
highest  degree.  Still  it  gave  much  precious 
teaching  to  the  visitor.  For  example,  the  ex- 
periments in  melting  large  amounts  of  platin- 
um by  means  of  Deville's  apparatus,  and  of 
gold,  silver,  copper  and  iron  with  the  oxyky- 
dric  apparatus  of  lbiesnegg,  were  o  ten  carried 
out;  Giroud's  pressure  regulator  for  gas  was 
put  in  operation;  Dubosq  made  experiments 
with  the  spectroscope  and  the  photometer;  and 
Limousin  explained  and  illustrated  the  harm- 
less method  of  preparing  oxygen  for  inhalation 
from  chlorate  of  potash.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  at  Vienna  some  such  plan  may  be  carried 
otit  on  a  large  scale;  for  the  "international 
laboratory  "  can  be  made  one  of  the  most  in- 
teresting features,  at  least  to  men  of  science, 
of  the  Exposition. 

The  topography  of  Vesuvius  is  reported  to  be 
completely  changed  since  the  eruption.  A 
correspondent  writing  from  Naples,  says:  "It 
is  as  though  an  earthquake  had  altered  every- 
thing. Hills,  have  appeared  where,  hut  a  few 
days  ago,  stones  stood  for  visitors  to  rest  upon. 
Precipices  have  been  formed,  which  almost 
prevent  further  advance.  All  is  altered;  the 
very  shape  ot  the  mountain  has  lost  its  well- 
known  outlines,  and  the  view  is  appalling. 

Twentx-five  miles  an  hour  is  shown  by 
signal  service  observation,  to  bo  the  aver- 
age velocity  of  a  storm;  when  it  has  twice 
that  velocity  it  becomes  a  tornado. 


June  15,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


371 


iCIENTiFIC    Src: 


A  Waning  Star. 

In  our  last  issue  we  mad*:  reference  to  tin- 
disappearance  of  the  star,  Eta  Leonis  [the 
printer  made  ub  say  Mu  Leonii],  Siuc«-  that 
paragraph  upp«  tared  we  have  Been  a  note  from 
UOOi  Madeira,  of  Santa  Cruz,  who,  having  ex- 
uiuintrd  this  Btai  with,  probably,  a  more  power- 
ful t>  Lesoope  than  the  San  Erancwco  observer, 
that  on  the  1st  instant  it  was  fast  dimin- 
ishing in  brilliancy  but  had  not  at  that  tim. 
disappeared  entirely.  Mr.  M.  promisee  to  con- 
tinue his  observations  for  a  few  weeks  and  give 
thu  public  an  account  of  the  Bams, 

Such  phenomena  as  the  disappearance  of  a 
star  or  any  variation  in  a  star  which  ha-  hith- 
erto maintained  a  permanent  degree  of  lumin- 
osity, are  oi' very  rare  occurrence  and  perhaps, 
a  short  reference  to  the  more  noted  phenomena 
ol' tlii.s  kind  winch  have  her- tofoiv  Ij,  en  noticed 
may  be  appropriate  in  connection  with  the  one 
which  is  now  attracting  the  uttentiouof  astrono- 
mers. 

During  tho  last  2,000  years  there  havo  been 
noticed  some  20  "temporary  stars,"  which 
have  suddenly  made  their  appearance  in  the 
bea  vens  only  to  blaze  out  or  nicker  awhile  and 
finally  to  disappear  entirely. 

Of  the  variable  stars,  which  increase  and  di- 
minish their  light  periodically,  only  about  21 
have  been  thus  far  recorded. 

The  first  variable  star,  Mini  in  the  constella- 
tion, '  Wit**,  was  noticed  in  15'JtJ.  Subsequent 
observations  havo  shown  that  this  star  has  a 
periodicity  of  about  332  days,  during  which 
time  it  increases  from  total  obscurity  to  a  star 
of  the  second  magnitude.  When  decreasing, 
it  changes  its  color  from  white  to  red. 

Seventy-three  years  afterwards,  the  noted 
star  Argol  (the  demon  star)  was  observed  to  be 
variable.  It  passes  through  its  variations  from 
the  2d  to  the  4th  magnitude,  and  vice  versa, 
©very  sixty-eight  hours. 

The  star  Cephas,  makes  its  changes  from  3d 
to  5th  magnitude,  in  about  5%  days. 

The  most  wonderful  of  the  temporary  stars, 
was  seen  in  1572.  It  appeared  suddenly  in  the 
constellation,  Cassiopea,  and  very  soon  reached 
the  brightness  of  Sirius,  after  which  it  increased 
in  brilliancy  until  it  surpassed  even  Jupiter  or 
Venus,  and  could  even  be  seen  in  the  day-time. 
Its  period  of  increase  was  about  one  month 
but  its  period  of  waning  was  very  gradual — last- 
ing about  fifteen  months.  This  star  was  first 
white,  then  red  and  finally  white  again. 

Some  astronomers  think  that  this  is  a  varia- 
ble star  of  long  period — about  313  years,  from  th 
fact  that  a  similar  appearance  was  observed  in  the 
same  portion  of  the  heavens  in  9-15  and  again 
in  1264.  Its  authentic  appearance  having  been 
in  1572,  if  the  surmise  of  its  periodicity  is  cor- 
rect its  next  appearance  will  be  in  1885. 

The  most  remarkable  temporary  star  of  re- 
cent times  was  the  one  which  suddenly  blazed 
out  with  a  brilliancy  of  the  2d  magnitude,  on 
the  12th  of  May,  18*06,  in  the  constellation  of 
the  Corona  Borealis.  In  its  place,  previously, 
had  been  recorded  a  telescopic  star  of  the  10th 
magnitude.  The  sudden  appearance  of  this 
star  created  quite  an  excitement  in  the  scientific 
world.  It  was  carefully  investigated  by  Hug- 
gins  with  the  spectroscope,  who  arrived  at  the 
conclusion  that  the  star  owed  its  sudden  bright- 
ness to  the  evolution  of  flaming  hydrogen.  It 
was  naturally  supposed  that  such  an  active  con- 
flagration of  that  matter  could  not  be  of  long 
continuance,  and  that  its  excessive  brilliancy 
would  soon  fade  away;  a  prediction  which  was 
fully  verified,  as  the  hydrogen  lines  disappeared 
in  the  spectrum  in  about  eight  days.  It  rapidly 
waned  to  the  6th  magnitude,  and  more  gradu- 
ally from  that  to  the  10th — its  original  record. 
Since  1868  it  fluctuates  slightly,  but  singularly, 
unlike  the  ordinary  variable  stars.  In  1870  it 
was  of  the  7th  magnitude,  and  now  it  shines 
with  the  8th. 

The  variations  of  the  periodically  variable 
stars  are  generally  thought  to  be  due  to  the  fact 
that  they  are  double  stars,  revolving  around  a 
common  center — one  being  brighter  than  the 
other.  In  cases  of  total  temporary  disappear- 
ance, one  star  maybe  totally  devoid  of  light. 
Again  "sun  spots"  may  in  some  eases  account 
for  the  phenomena  of  waxing  and  waning. 
In  that  sense  the  center  of  our  solar  system — 
the  sun —  is  a  periodically  variable  star  of  elev- 
en years  time — that  being  the  period  of  its  pre- 
sentation of  a  greater  or  less^number  of  "sun- 
spots." 

With  the  later  improvements  and  better  un- 
derstanding of  the  spectroscope,  great  advance 
is  now  being  made  in  astronomical  knowledge 
— particularly  in  relation  to  the  physical  condi- 
tion of  the  heavenly  bodies.  Spectroscopic 
observations  on  the  star  Eta,  which  just  now 
seems  to  be  gradually  flickering  itself  out  of 
our  view,  will  be  looked  for  with  much  interest. 

The  Crystallization  of  Iron  and  Steel. — 
The  various  qualities  of  iron  and  steel  may  be 
compared  by  observing  the  forms  of  their  crys- 
tals through  a  microscope.  Cast  steel  of  fine 
quality  exhibits  fine  crystals  of  a  needle-like 
shape  parallel  to  each  other;  and  the  axes  of 
these  crystals  are  in  the  direction  of  the  ham- 
mering to  which  the  metal  has  been  subjected. 
The  surface  of  iron  exhibits  crystals  of  the 
shape  of  a  double  pyramid,  the  proportions 
varying  with  the  quality  of  the  metal.  The 
pyramids  more  nearly  approach  a  cubical  form 
as  the  carbon  in  the  metal  is  increased  in 
quantity. 


Measuring  the  Light  of  Stars. 

Zoelner,  of  Berlin,  has  recently  made  an  im- 
portant addition  to  tho  means  by  which  the  as- 
tronomer seeks  to  measure  the  degree  of  light 
emitted  from  a  star.  The  small  quantity  of 
light  which  reaches  us  from  these  distant  bodies, 
renders  the  look  of  measuring  tho  same  by  the 
instruments  heretofore  in  use  extremely  dim- 
cult.  The  invention  of  Mr.  Z.,  is  a  polariscopu 
connected  with  a  telescope.  By  this  instru- 
ment, a  ray  of  light  is  made  to  disappear  and 
reappear  altrtuately,  by  simply  turning  an  eye- 
piece of  Iceland  spararoundits  axis,  through  an 
angle  of  00-.  This  disappearance  and  reappear- 
ance is  gradual,  and  the  angle  of  rotation  from 
0  to  00  ,  may  therefore  be  used  as  a  measure 
of  tho  intensity  of  the  light — the  stronger  the 
light,  the  greater  tho  rotation  required  to  bo 
toned  down  toacertain  standard.  Important  re- 
sults have  already  been  obtained  by  the  use  of 
this  instrument. 

One  of  the  most  important  results  of  this  in- 
strument, is  the  power  which  it  gives  of  more 
accurately  determining  tho  periods  of  the  vari- 
able stars.  Heretofore  it  has  been  so  difficult 
to  measure  the  intensity  of  the  light  from  a  star, 
it  was  quite  impossible  to  detect  with  even 
much  approximate  accuracy,  the  precise  time 
occupied  by  a  star  in  passing  from  its  period  of 
least  light  through  its  gradual  increase  and  sub- 
sequent decrease  of  light,  again  to  its  point  of 
least  brilliancy. 

Eosthornite,  a  New  Fossil  Resin. — A  new 
fossil  resin,  named  rosthornite,  is  described  by 
Hdfer  as  occuring  in  the  coal  of  the  Sonneberg, 
in  Carinthia.  This  has  a  fatty  lustre,  a  brown 
oolor  with  garnet-red  gloss,  wine-yellow  by 
transmitted  light,  and  a  light  brown  to  orange 
yellow  streak.  When  heated  in  the  air  it  gives 
off  white  vapors  having  an  aromatic  odor,  and 
burns  with  a  smoky  flame  without  leaving  any 
residue.  In  chemical  composition  this  mineral 
approaches  most  nearly  to  enosmite,  and  still 
more  to  the  fossil  resin  of  Girona,  in  New  Gre- 
nada. This  substance  can  not  be  properly  as- 
signed to  any  of  the  groups  already  established 
among  the  fossil  resins,  but  seems  rather  to 
conform  to  the  type  of  a  solid  resin,  rich  in  car- 
bon but  13001-  in  oxygen. 

Tiie  spectrum  of  hydrogen  has  been  recent 
ly  made  the  subject  of  experiment  by  Prof. 
Angstrom  ;  he  states  that  it  presents  only  four 
lines,  and  consideres  that  the  other  spectra 
that  have  been  given  are  in  error  from  the  pres- 
ence of  impurities.  He  also  examined  the 
spectra  of  atmospheric  air  under  different  de- 
grees of  rarefaction,  and  found  that  at  first  it 
was  that  of  air  ;  then  of  nitrogen ;  then  of 
carbonic  oxide  ;  and  when  the  exhaustion  had 
reached  its  utmost  limit  the  spectrum  obtained 
was  that  of  sodium  and  chlorine. 


Coating  Metals  with  Nickel  by.  the  Moist 
Way. — According  to  C.  Mene,  wrought  and 
cast-iron,  steel,  copper,  brass,  zinc,  and  lead 
can  be  coated  with  nickel  by  putting  these 
metals,  or  objects  made  of  them,  in  a  boiling 
neutral  solution  of  chloride  of  zinc,  to  which  a 
salt  of  nickel  is  added,  and  also  zinc,  in  a  gran- 
ulated state  or  in  sheets.  If  the  solution  be 
acid  the  coating  will  bo  dull.  When,  instead 
of  a  salt  of  nickel,  one  of  cobalt  be  used,  a  coat- 
ing of  that  metal  may  be  obtained. 

Marvels  of  the  Microscope. — A  beautiful 
and  easily  produced  exhibition  of  crystal  for- 
mation may  be  seen  under  the  microscope  as 
follows:  Upon  a  slip  of  glass  place  a  drop  of 
liquid  chloride  of  gold  or  nitrate  of  silver,  with 
a  particle  of  zinc  in  the  gold  and  copper  in  the 
silver.  A  growth  of  exquisite  gold  or  silver 
ferns  will  vegetate  under  the  observer's  eye. 

A  Society  of  Arts,  Sciences  and  Letters,  has 
just  been  started  at  Winona,  Minn.,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  first  State  Normal  School  in  that 
place,  having  for  its  object  the  collection  of 
facts  and  materials  looking  toward  the  determi- 
nation of  the  natural  history,  archaeology,  and 
general  literature  of  the  United  States. 

Another  Singing  Flame. — At  a  late  session 
of  the  Philosophical  Society  of  Glasgow,  held 
lately,  Dr.  A.  Irvine  showed  some  experiments 
on  a  new  variety  of  singing  flame,  and  describ- 
ed and  experimented  with  a  new  miner's  safe- 
ty-lamp, which  involves  the  application  of  that 
flame.  The  experiments  excited  a  great  amount 
of  interest  among  the  members. 

Artltical  Musk. — Prof.  Vander  Weyde,  at  a 
late  meeting  of  the  Polytechnic  Association  of 
the  American  Institute  exhibited  an  artificial 
musk,  made  by  treating  blood  in  a  peculiar 
manner.  By  adding  little  hairs,  such  as  are 
found  in  genuine  musks,  the1  deception  is  so 
complete  that  it  cannot  be  detected  even  by  the 
microscope. 

Weather  Predictions. — President  Tillman, 
of  the  Polytechnic  Association  of  the  American 
Institute,  says  the  weather  predictions  which 
are  daily  published  in  our  newspapers  have 
been  verified  to  about  75  per  cent. ;  that  is, 
three-fourths  of  all  the  predictions  which  they 
have  made  have  been  found  to  be  true. 

The  British  Society  for  the  Advancement  of 
Art  still  offer  the  $5,000  reward  for  a  pigment 
or  covering  which  will  perfectly  protect  iron 
from  rust  and  fouling. 

M.  Champoulion  avers  that  putrifaction  is 
much  more  rapid  in  the  dead  bodies  of  those 
who  have  used  alcohol  to  excess  than  in  those 
of  comparatively  sober  individuals. 


Granite  Works  of  the  Ancients. 

The  following,  from  an  txciL'dingly  interest- 
ing account  of  the  colossal  granite  structures  of 
ancient  Egypt,  India  and  South  America,  ap- 
pears in  the  current  number  of  tho  People's 
M'i-!'i:Uie  : — 

lilt--  art  of  carving  in  granite  has  never  been 
carried  to  higher  perfection  than  on  tin-  conti- 
nent of  India.  At  Cbillainbaram,  also  in 
the  Carnatic.  and  on  the  Goromandel  coast, 
is  a  congerieH  of  temples,  representing  tin 
sacred  Mount  of  Heru.  Hero  are  seven  lofty 
walls,  one  within  the  other,  round  tho  central 
quadrangle,  and  as  many  pyramidal  gateways 
in  the  midst  of  each  side,  which  form  the 
limbs  of  a  vast  cross;  consisting  altogether  of 
twenty-eight  pyramids.  There  are  consequent- 
ly  fourteen  in  a  line,  which  extend  more  than  a 
mile  in  one  continuous  direction!  Nor  are  these 
tho  only  wonders  associated  with  this  metropo- 
lis of  pyramids.  The  interior  ornaments  are 
in  harmony  with  the  whole;  from  the  nave  of 
one  of  the  principal  structures  there  hang,  on 
the  tops  of  four  buttresses,  festoons  of  chains, 
in  length  about  548  feet.  Each  garland,  con- 
sisting of  twenty  links,  is  made  of  one  piece  of 
granite,  Bixty  feet  long;  the  links  themselves 
are  monstrous  rings,  thirty-two  inches  in  cir- 
cumference, and  polished  as  smooth  as  glass. 

Compared  with  the  monolith  temples  of 
granite  at  Mahabalipuram,  which  is  likewise 
situated  on  the  Coromandel  coast,  those  in 
Egypt  sink  into  insignificance.  The  rocks  there- 
abouts are  composed  of  a  hard  gray  granite, 
containing  quartz,  mica,  and  feldspar,  with  a 
few  crystals  of  hornblende  interspersed. 
Many  have  been  hollowed  out  by  art,  and 
sculptured  into  temples  with  spirited  bas-re- 
liefs, representing  episodes  in  Hindoo  history 
and  mythology,  and  supported  by  graceful  col- 
umns; all  carved  from  the  solid  rock.  Detach- 
ed masses  have  been  cut  into  shapes  of  ele- 
phants, tigers,  lions,  bulls,  cats,  monkeys,  and 
various  nondescript  monsters,  and  colossal 
statues  of  gods,  one  of  which;  namely,  that  of 
Ganesa,  being  thirty  feet  high. 

*  'The  southernmost  of  the  temples  is  about  40 
ft.  in  bight,  27  ft.  in  breadth,  and  nearly  the 
same  in  length;  the  exterior  being  covered  with 
elaborate  sculptures.  The  adjoining  edifice  is 
about  49  ft.  in  length,  and  in  breadth  25  ft. ;  it 
is  rent  by  natural  causes  from  summit  to  base. 
According  to  the  local  Brahminical  tradition, 
these  wonderful  sculptures  were  executed  by 
4,000  workmen,  who  had  come  from  the  north, 
and  returned  before  their  completion.  From  a 
careful  examination,  it  is  evident  that  almost 
all  the  enormous  mass  of  sculpture  and  carving 
that  adorns  this  city  of  monolith  temples  and 
colossi,  muBt  have  been  performed  without  the 
aid  of  fire — with  the  hammer,  chisel,  lever,  and 
wedge  alone ;  and  this  is  one  of  the  hardest 
rocks  in  the  world  ?  ' ' 


A  Shobt  Coal  Supply. — A  correspondent  in 
Engineering  says  that  almost  any  price  can  be 
had  for  coals  in  the  north  of  England,  by  those 
who  are  fortunate  enough  to  have  any  for  sale. 
The  demand  is  so  heavy  that  the  additions 
which  are  being  made  to  pits,  and  the  new  pits 
which  are  being  sunk,  seem  to  go  but  a  very  lit- 
tle way  in  meeting  the  extra  requirements  of 
consumers.  Everybody  is  crying  out  for  more 
fuel,  and,  do  what  they  will,  they  cannot  get  it 
quick  enough.  To  meet  this  extraordinary  in- 
creasing demand,  hand  labor  is  inadequate. 
Good  coal-cutting  machines  must  be  forthcom- 
ing. The  attention  of  a  great  many  engineers 
are  directed  to  this  question  of  coal  cutting, 
and,  in  this  age  of  invention,  it  will  be  remark- 
able if  suitable  machines  are  not  soon  intro- 
duced. Unless  machines  are  applied  to  coal- 
cutting,  there  is  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  the 
iron  trade  and  other  industries  will  be  crippled 
in  their  development  for  want  of  fuel.  Coal 
being  scarcer,  there  is,  of  course,  the  greatest 
difficulty  in  obtaining  coke. 

Artificial  Leather. — Among  the  different 
kinds  of  artificial  leather  lately  introduced,  is 
the  following:— J.  Charles,  in  London,  and  C. 
Taylor,  in  Manchester,  England,  take  boiled 
linseed-oil,  and  boil  it  again  with  quicklime  and 
borax,  till  they  obtain  a  fluid,  which,  by  cool- 
ing, nearly  solidifies  into  a  thick  dough.  _  To 
this  they  add  pulverized  cork,  and  some  quick- 
lime, and  the  paste  obtained  is  rolled  out  into 
sheets,  which,  if  desired  to  be  very  smooth,  af- 
ter being  dried,  and  rubbed  down  by  means  of 
pumice-stone.  The  process  is  evidently  a  par- 
tial sponification,  and  reminds  us  of  the  artifi- 
cial India  rubber,  which  is  also  made  of  lin- 
seed-oil, without  the  addition  of  the  powdered 
cork,  which  serves  only  to  give  the  appearance 
of  leather,  and  is  a  mere  filling  or  adulteration 
of  the  tenacious  chief  ingredient,  in  the  same 
way  as  India  rubber  is  adulterated  by  similar 
fillings. 

Puddling  Furnaces  in  Great  Britain. — 
There  are  about  7,800  puddling  furnaces  in 
Great  Britain,  employing  26,000  men,  involv- 
ing an  investment  of  over  $5,000,000.  All 
these  furnaces  are  now  worked  by  hand,  or  at 
least  with  but  trifling  help  from  mechanical 
device.  It  is  expected  that  a  revolution  will 
soon  be  wrought  out  with  this  immense  in- 
dustry, by  use  of  the  mechanical  puddlers, 
which  have  already  been  proven  successful  in 
their  application. 


Improvement  of  the  Steam  Engine. 

In  a  paper  read  before  the  Polytechnic  Asso- 
ciation of  the  American  institute  by  Professor 
Thurston,  on  tho  above  subject,  he  summed 
up  his  conclusions  in  the  following  statements; 

The  direction  which  improvement  seems  now 
to  be  talcing,  and  the  proper  direction,  as  indica- 
ted by  an  examination  of  the  principles  of  sci- 
ence, as  well  as  by  our  review  of  the  steps  al- 
ready taken,  seem  to  bo: 

Steam  must  enter  the  machine  at  the  highest 
possible  temperature,  must  bo  protected  from 
waste,  and  must  retain,  at  the  moment  before  ex- 
haust , the  least  possible  amount  of  heat.  He  whose 
inventive  genius  of  mechanical  skill  contributes 
to  effect  either  the  use  of  higher  steam  with 
safety  and  without  waste,  or  the  reduction  of 
the  temperature  of  discharge,  confers  a  boon 
upon  mankind. 

In  detail:  In  Otc  engine,  the  tendency  is,  and 
may  probably  be  expected  to  continue,  in  the 
near  future  at  least,  toward  higher  steam  press- 
ure, greater  expansion  in  more  than  one  cyl- 
inder, steam  jacketing,  superheating,  a  careful 
use  of  non-conducting  protectors  against 
waste,  and  the  adoption  of  higberpiston  speeds. 

In  the  boiler,  more  complete  combustion  with- 
out success  of  air  passing  through  the  furnace 
and  more  thorough  absorption  of  heat  from 
the  furnace  gases.  The  latter,  I  am  inclined 
to  suppose,  will  be  ultimately  effected  by  the 
use  of  a  mechanically  produced  draught,  in 
place  of  the  far  more  wasteful  method  of  ob- 
taining it  by  the  expenditure  of  heat  in  the 
chimney. 

In  construction,  we  may  anticipate  the  uso  of 
better  materials  and  more  careful  workman- 
ship especially  in  the  boiler,  and  much  im- 
provement in  forms  and  proportions  of  de- 
tails. 

In  management,  there  is  a  wide  field  for  im- 
provement, which  improvement  we  may  feel 
assured  will  rapidly  take  place,  as  it  has  now 
become  well  understood  that  great  care,  skill 
and  intelligence  are  important  essentials  to  the 
economical  management  of  the  steam  engine 
and  that  they  repay  liberally  all  of  the  ex- 
pense in  time  and  money  that  are  requisite  to 
Becure  them. 


A  New  Kind  of  Fltnt-Glass. — Dr.  Benrath, 
Director  of  the  glassworks  at  Dorpat,  Russia, 
publishes  an  account  of  experiments  made  by 
him  to  produce  a  glass  which  has  the  good 
qualities  of  flint-glass  without  its  defects.  The 
good  qualities  of  ordinary  flint-glass  are,  that  it 
is  as  clear  as  crystal;  that  it  has  a  high  specific 
gravity,  (is  heavy;)  a  low  fusing  point,  so  that 
it  melts  easily;  and  strong  power  of  refraction 
and  dispersing  light.  It  is,  therefore,  invalua- 
ble for  chemical  and  optical  purposes.  Its  de- 
fects, however,  are  that  it  is  easily  acted  on  by 
chemical  and  mechanical  influences — that  means 
its  surface  cannot  stand  rain  and  sunshine, 
much  less  acids  or  boiling  water,  and  it  is  so 
soft  that  it  is  most  easily  scratched. 

The  chemical  difference  between  ordinary 
and  flint-glass  is  that  the  former  consists  of  si- 
lex,  lime,  and  soda  or  potash,  while  oxide  of 
lead  is  added  to  make  flint-glass  out  of  it. 
Chemically  speaking,  common  glass  is  a  silicate 
of  lime  and  potash;  while  flint-glass  contains 
also  silicate  of  lead. 


Cutting  Marble. — A  recently  devised  for- 
eign .apparatus  for  stone-outting  uses  com- 
prises a  head  that  can  be  rapidly  rotated  and 
provided  with  diamond  cutters,  so  arranged 
that  while  each  cutter  removes  material  and 
traces  a  path  over  the  moulded  surface  to  be 
produced,  all  the  cutters  produce  wrought  sur- 
faces free  from  distinct  scratches.  For  cutting 
mostly  on  a  horizontal  face,  the  head  is  solid 
in  which  the  diamonds  are  mounted.  For 
moulding  on  an  edge,  the  cutterhead  holds  bits 
of  steel  studded  with  black  diamonds.  A  rotary 
tool  is  shaped  to  finish  the  groove,  and  prefer- 
ably formed  of  brass.  For  cutting  as  with  a 
saw  into  marble  a  small  round  vertical  spindle 
is  used,  the  snrface  of  which  is  studded  with 
black  diamonds  or  carbon  points,  so  arranged 
in  rows  that  the  cutting  points  of  the  different 
rows  merge  their  paths  of  action,  so  as  to  cut 
the  whole  length  of  the  cutting  plane  of  the 
shaft. 


Imitation  Leather. — For  producing  imita- 
tion morrocco  or  other  leather,  a  foreign  ex- 
change recommends  a  composition  consisting 
of  one  pound  of  glue  to  five  liquid  ounces  of 
glycerine,  boiled  linseed  oil  being  added  for 
flexibility,  or  India  rubber  for  elasticity,  to- 
gether with  the  coloring  matter.  The  composi- 
tion is  spread  while  hot  upon  the  fabric,  and 
impressed  with  the  design.  The  hardened  im- 
pressed surface  is  treated  with  a  solution  of 
alum  or  chromo  or  other  alum,  or  with  a  solu- 
tion of  sulphate  of  iron,  copper  or  zinc.  The 
alum  or  sulphates  may  be  mixed  with  the  com- 
position before  it  is  spread.  The  surface  is 
protected  by  varnish  or  waterproof  composition, 
and  ornamented  by  gold,  bronze,  or  other  col- 
oring material. 

The  Henderson  Iron  Process.— Samples  of 
iron  made  by  the  Henderson  fluorspar  process 
have  recently  been  tested  in  England.  The 
breaking  strength  was  found  to  be  28  tons  per 
square  inch,  the  Government  Standard  being 
22  tons. 

The  unusual  activity  in  the  British  iron  mar- 
ket still  continues.  The  proprietors  of  iron 
and  coal  mines  are  reaping  a  rich  harvest. 


372 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  15,  1872. 


IINING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  ia  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lisbed  in  the  interior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 

California. 

AMADOR  COUNTY- 

"  Clean-Up. —  Jackson  Ledger,  June  8:  The 
Kennedy  has  made  a  ran  of  16  days  and  cleaned 
up  over  $11,000.  The  rock  being  taken  out  is 
improving  in  richness  and  the  ledge  is  expand- 

Plymouth. — Cor.  same:  The  Phoenix  is 
yielding  very  rich  ore.  On  the  600  ft.  level  a 
ledge  has  been  opened  20  ft.  thick.  The  Go. 
have  3,000  tons  of  rock  on  their  dump  which  is 
daily  increasing.  They  have  commenced  work 
on  a  new  20-stamp  mill  to  be  propelled  by  water 
power. 

The  Alpine,  idle  for  a  week  repairing  machin- 
ery, started  up  on  Saturday. 

Work  has  been  suspended  on  the  Condo  and 
"Wilson  mine  near  Enterprise.  The  last  run  of 
100  tons,  worked,  paid  something  over  $15  per 
ton. 

The  Philadelphia  mine  is  running  on  low 
grade  ore. 

A  one-half  interest  in  the  Arastra  mine  has  re- 
cently been  sold  and  the  owners  will  erect  a  10- 
stamp  mill  upon  it  in  a  few  weeks. 
BUTTE  COUNTY. 

Forbestown. — Cor.  Oroville  Becord,  June  8: 
The  quartz  mill  is  running. 

Murch  &  Gwynn  cleaned  up  360  ozs.  a  few 
days  since,  among  which  they  had  many  nug- 
gets varying  in  size,  from  27  ounces  down  to 
one. 

Hunter  &  Co.,  in  their  drifting  claim,  are 
getting  dirt  in  which  the  gold  is  distinctly  seen. 

CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

Thorn  Mine. — San  Andreas  Citizen,  June  8: 
The  shaft  is  down  about  260  it.  with  a  steady 
improvement  in  the  character  of  the  rock. 

Angels. — Cor.  same:  Yesterday  there  was 
taken  out  from  the  500  ft.  level  in  the  "Big 
mine,"  some  of  the  richest  rock  ever  found  in 
that  mine.  The  same  day  J.  Mattison  shoveled 
$1,500  out  of  his  mine.  Last  week  he  found  a 
lump  of  gold  there  that  weighs  7  ounces,  also 
dirt  that  prospected  ©5  to  the  pan.  . 

The  Grasshopter. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  June 
8 :  New  hoisting  works  are  to  be  immediately 
erected  on  the  mine  at  Mosquito  Gulch. 

San  Bruno. — The  recent  cave  in  the  San 
Bruno  mine  Mosquito  Gulch,  was  not  so  exten- 
sive as  feared. 

ELDORADO  COUNTY. 

El  Dorado.-Coi*.  Plaeerville  Republican,  June 
6 :  A  very  rich  porphyry  lode  has  been  struck 
struck  north-west  of  town  about  a  mile.  Sever- 
al claims  are  being  worked  there,  and  all  doing 
well.  One  party  of  two,  took  out  last  week 
nearly  $1,000. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Bullion.  —  Inyo  Independent,  June  1:  May 
9th  there  were  shipped  from  Hisky  &  Walker's 
mill  5  bars  valued  at  $2,400.  Also  May  23,  9 
bars  valued  at  $4,700. 

Started.  —  The  Eclipse  mill  is  now  under 
way. 

Cerro  Gordo. — A  strike  is  reported  in  Mc- 
Donough's  mine.  All  the  furnaces  are  in  op- 
eration producing  300  tons  of  bullion  per 
month. 

Lida  Valley. — The  Lida  Belle  is  down  55  ft. 
Four  tons  of  of  this  ore  recently  worked  netted 
the  owners  $1,938.10  over  all  expenses.  The 
Brown's  Hope  has  a  shaft  of  45  ft.  showing  a 
widening  vein  of  14  inches  of  exceedingly  rich 
ore.  The  Simon  Pure  shows  a  ledge  10  inches 
wide,  from  which  a  small  lot  of  ore  worked 
$1,103  in  silver  and  $100  in  gold  per  ton.  The 
Lida  Hill  shows  a  ledge  4  ft.  wide  10  inches 
being  of  the  highest  grade ;  has  been  sunk  upon 
15  ft.  The  Sewana  produced  rock  which 
worked  $1,100  per  ton.  Other  locations  are  do- 
ing equally  well. 
KERN  COUNTY- 
Wanted. — Havilah  Miner,  June  1:  Labor- 
ers and  miners  are  in  great  demand  in  this 
county. 

Strike. — From  information  received  from 
miners  from  the  Pi  TJte  mountain,  we  learn  that 
the  owners  of  the  Bright  Star  mine  have  struck 
the  precious  metal  richer  than  they  ever  dreamed 
of.  A  body  of  ore  estimated  at  the  lowest  cal- 
culation to  be  worth  $500,000  is  in  sight;  10 
stamps  will  be  added  to  the  old  mill,  making 
15  in  all.  It  will  be  kept  running  day  and 
night 
MARIPOSA    COUNTY. 

Rich. — Mariposa  Gazeette,  June  7:    The  Poor 
Mine,  is  prospecting,  better  than  ever.    Ore  was 
struck  a  few  days  ago,  which  is  estimated  to  pay 
500  per  ton. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Strike. — Nevada  Transcript,  June  8;  S.  M. 
Timmons  showed  us  a  specimen  of  quartz  yes- 
terday. He  saw  on  the  dumps  about  $2,000 
worth  of  the  same  kind  of  rock.  The  ledge  is 
about  4  ft.  thick,  and  previous  to  the  strike  of 
the  rich  strata  of  gold,  the  ledge  has  been  pay- 
ing well. 

Chalk  Bluff. — Duryea&  Co.,  Hussey  &  Co., 
and  a  number  of  other  Co's.,  are  working  day 
and  night. 

Chas.  McElvy  and  J.  Earl  Brown,  are  work- 
ing the  Old  King  claims  with  splendid  pros- 
pects. 

At  You  Bet,  the  English  Co.  are  cleaning  up 
about  $9,000  per  month,  above  expenses. 

Wyoming — The  last  crushing  yielded  over 
$27  per  ton;  the  Co.  have  125  tons  of  rock  cm 
the  surface  worth  about  $30  per  ton. 


Pennsylvania.— G.  "V.  Union,  June  4:  The 
mines  are  down  250  ft.  in  splendid  ore.  They 
have  drifted  350  ft/on  the  fifth  level.  The  ledge 
is  about  23^2  ft.,  and  the  rock  will  yield  at  least 
$50  per  ton. 
SAN  LUIS  OBISPO  COUNTY. 

The  Quicksilver  Mines. — San  Luis  Obispo 
Tribune,  June  1:  In  the  Keystone  they  have 
185  ft.  stripped,  exposing  to  view  a  ledge  of  cin- 
nabar 18  ft.  wide.  They  have  sunk  a  shaft  30 
ft.,  and  as  the  depth  increases  so  also  the  rich- 
ness of  the  ore. 
SIERRA  COUNTY- 

Hog  Canyon. — Downieville*  Messenger,  June 
1st:  Falk  Bros,  have  recently  struck  a  large 
body  of  fine  ore. 

Rich  Cboppings. — Parties  working  at  the 
Reis  Mine,  stumbled  upon  the  croppings  of  a 
quartz  ledge  which,  promises  to  be  very  rich. 
One  man  with  a  hand,  mortar  makes  $6  per  day. 

Nevada. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Bich.— Eureka  Sentinel,  June  6 :  A  splendid 
development  has  lately  been  made  in  the  lower 
workings  of  the  Wide  West  shaft  of  the  Adams 
Hill  mine. 

Running  Finely. — ThePhenix  hoisting  works 
are  running  finely.  Every  part  of  the  ma- 
chinery works  to  perfection. 

Fourth  or  July  Mine.— The  main  incline  is 
down  160  ft.,  showing  a  fine  ledge,  averaging 
about  4  ft.  in  width,  for  the  entire  depth.  In 
the  lower  workings  the  ledge  averages  some- 
thing near  7  ft.  There  are  500  tons  of  ore  on 
the  dump  and  there  are  not  less  than  5,000  tons 
insight  in  the  mine.  The  average  assays 
throughout  the  mine  are  $160  per  ton.  From 
40  to  50  tons  of  ore  will  then  be  taken  out  daily. 

Robt.  Emmet.— A  shaft  is  down  about  50 
ft.,  disclosing  a  ledge  from  2  to  3  ft.  wide. 
Seven  tons  lately  worked  yielded  $327.52  in 
silver  per  ton,  and  $62.79  in  gold.  There  are 
about  75  tons  of  the  same  character  of  ore  on 
the  dump. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.— Ely  Becord,  June  2:  W.,  F.  &  Co. 
shipped  for  the  week  ending  June  1st,  bullion 
valued  at  $101,063.84,  and  from  May  1st  to 
June  1st,  inclusive,  $508,276.61. 

Chief  of  the  Hill. — The  west  drift  is  in  24 
ft.  from  the  winze  with  the  ledge  showing  5  ft. 
between  the  wall,  carrying  a  heavy  body  of  fine 
mineral,  free  from  quartz  or  waste  of  any  kind. 
The  east  drift  is  in  46  ft.,  with  ledge  carrying 
18  inches  of  good  ore  next  the  ft.  wall.  At  pres- 
ent raising  from  first  level  to  the  surface  for 
fresh  air.  On  dumps  at  present  about  225  tons 
of  high  grade  ore,  which  will  mill  on  an  average 
$130  per  ton. 

Meadow  Valley.— Shipping  usual  quantity 
of  ore  to  mill,  and  mine  looking  well  in  the  dif- 
ferent workings. 

Louise. — Anna  Dickinson  shaft  down  45  ft. 
with  a  small  vein  of  fine  ore  in  the  bottom. 
Ellen  Goodspeed  and  Grattan  shafts  looking 
exceedingly  well  and  showing  fine  mineral 
throughout.  The  Goodspeed  shows  20  inches 
of  good  ore,  which  will  probably  average  $125 
per  ton  after  milling. 

Excelsior.  —  Raising  ore  and  preparing  to 
stope  from  the  bottom  level.  On  Wednesday 
last  struck  into  a  fine  body  of  ore  in  the  upper 
drift. 

Spring  Mountain  Tunnel. — Work  has  been 
temporarily  suspended  on  the  drifts  from  the 
station  in  winze  sunk  on  first  ledge,  owing  to 
the  air  being  very  bad. 

Newark. — Shaft  down  400  feet,  with  ledge 
showing  2  ft.  in  width  on  the  bottom.  Ore  from 
the  new  strike  assays  from  $153  to  $1,100. 

Pakian. — Situate  about  half  a  mile  west  of 
the  Court  House,  is  3  ft.  in  width.  One  shaft 
has  been  sunk  40  ft.,  and  four  or  five  others, 
for  prospecting  purposes,  are  from  8  to  12  feet. 
Assays  of  ore  from  the  ledge  run  from'$50  to 
$125. 

Setting  Sun. — Shaft  down  55  ft.  On  Thurs- 
day night  last,  a  body  of  ore  was  struck  in  the 
bottom,  10  inches  in  width,  and  carrying  yellow 
chlorides  throughout. 

Sunbeam. — Shaft  down  200  ft.  On  Friday 
night  struck  into  casings  in  the  face  of  the  drift 
and  have  good  indications  of  soon  tapping  the 
ledge,  which  was  passed  through  in  sinking. 

Norfolk.— Shaft  down  170  ft.     Still  sinking 
on  ledge,  which  is  5%  ft.  wide  in  the  bottom. 
Ore  assays  on  average  from  $50  to  $150. 
REESE  RIVER. 

Grove  Tunnel.  —  Reese  River  Beveilk,  June 
1  :   Looking  well  in  both  east  and  west  levels. 

Dollarhide  Incline. — The  cross-cut  reached 
the  ledge  this  week,  but  found  it  in  the  break. 

Isabella.  — At  the  O'Connel  ledge,  Golds- 
worthy  and  Roberts  have  just  got  into  an  ap- 
parently extensive  body  of  rich  ore. 

West  Troy. — The  body  of  ore  struck  some 
two  weeks  ago,  "petered  out,"  but  the  boys  are 
going  ahead  with  their  work. 

Saybrook. — The  150-foot  east  level  is  in  45  ft. ; 
considerable  fair  ore  coming  out,  some  of  it 
first-class. 

Star  of  Nevada. — A  cross-cut  which  is  being 
run  from  the  Star  of  Nevada  level  to  tap  the 
Hazel  Green  ledge,  exposed  a  blind  ledge  last 
week,  which  is  from  6  to  8  inches  wide,  and 
looks  promising. 

Morgan  and  Muncey. — Breasting  at  the  310- 
ft.  east  level  in  a  big  ledge  of  $300  ore;  struck  a 
ledge  last  week  at  the  200-ft.  east  level  which 
carries  four  inches  of  from-$700  to  $800  ore; 
sinking  the  incline;  have  a  good  deal  of  water. 

Florida- — Breasting  at  the  300-ft.  east  level, 
and  at  the  200-ft  east  level;  getting  some  average 
ore ;  work  continues  at  the  500-f t.  west  level  at 
which  point  the  ledge  is  barren. 

Saratoga. — If  anything,  better  than  ever. 


Whitlatch Union.— Reed  and  Co.  are  breast- 
ing out  a  large  body  of  ore,  of  which  there  must 
be  fully  100  tons. 

Ironclad. — The  incline  is  120  ft.  deep  show- 
ing good  rock  at  the  bottom. 

Sam  Bhannan. — The  150-ft  west  level  is  in 
30  ft.  in  good  ore;  west  level  in  35  ft.,  getting 
high  grade  ore;  nothing  doing  at  present  in  the 
incline. 

Manhattan. — This  mill  is  still  running  night 
and  day  and  has  a  large  lot  of  ore  on  hand. 
The  old  battery  of  20  stamps  will  soon  be  re- 
placed by  one  of  24,900  lb.  stamps. 

Yankee  Blade  Ensign. — Sinking  the  shaft; 
getting  good  ore ;  ledge  one  foot  thick. 

Kling  and  Kelly. — raising  a  shute  from  the 
main  shaft  to  the  air  shaft,  for  ventilation. 

Stonewall.— Bo  wen  &  Co.  are  running  a 
level  from  their  shaft  at  a  depth  of  69  ft. ;  tak- 
ing out  about  $300  chloride. 

Patriot. — MeCann  still  taking  out  good  ore; 
ledge  about  6  inches  wide. 

Virginia. — Getting  good  chloride  from  a 
point  about  a  hundred  feet  down  the  incline. 

Opley  Steinacher  &  Co.— ^$200  ore  is  com- 
ing from  the  tunnel  of  this  Co;  mine  looks 
Well. 

Morse  &  Cable. — The  last  lot  of  ore  worked 
went  $900  per  ton;,  work  is  still  progressing  on 
the  tunnel,  i  1 

South  all  &  Co.  are  getting  good  ore  from 
the  surface.  Turner  &  Co.  are  also  getting  a 
good  grade  of  surface  ore. 

WASHOE. 

Bullion. — Reno  Crescent,  June  1:  The  crop 
passing  through  W.  F.  &  Co's  Reno  office  for 
the  week  ending  Friday  night  last,  amounted  to 
14,790  lbs. 

Lady  Bryan. — Work  is  to  be  resumed,  A 
new  shaft  is  to  be  sunk  further  east,  which  will 
strike  the  ledge  at  its  most  favorable  point  for 
the  advantageous  extraction  of  already  devel- 
oped good  paying  ore  bodies. 

Occidental  Mill. — Virginia  Enterprise,  June 
1 :  The  Occidental  mill  is  in  full  and  success- 
ful operation.  It  is  running  on  Savage  ore. 
The  lower  tunnel  of  the  mine  (Occidental)  is 
being  pushed  northward  in  order  to  top  the 
north  body  of  ore  found  in  the  upper  levels. 

The  Trench  mill  at  Silver  city  shut  down  on 
the  1st,  and  will  probaly  not  start  up  again  this 
month. 

Sapphire  Mill. — This  mill,  in  Lower  Gold 
Hill,  is  being  thoroughly  overhauled  and  re- 
modeled. 

.  Silver  Hill  Works. — The  frame  of  the 
large  new  hoisting  works  of  the  Silver  Hill  M. 
Co.  is  now  up. 

Local  Summary — MoMeans. — Gold  HilliVeios, 
June  8:  The  south  tunnel  is  in  85  ft.,  and  the 
ledge  continues  to  improve  in  character,  width 
and  assay  value .  The  ledge  is  about  9  ft.  in 
width. 

Imperial-Empire. — Drifting  into  the  ledge  at 
the  1, 500-f t.  level  was  resumed  on  Wednesday 
with  encouraging  indications.  The  drifts  at  the 
1,650-ft.  level  are  each  in  about  90  ft. 

Hale  and  Norcross. — A  winze  is  being  sunk 
between  the  1,400  and  1,500-ft.  levels,  and  un- 
til this  winze  shall  have  been  completed  the 
prospecting  of  the  lowest  level  will  be  necessa- 
rily slow,  on  account  of  the  imperect  ventila- 
tion. On  the  1,500-ft.  level  they  are  cross-cut- 
ting the  vein  at  a  point  150  ft.  from  the  Savage 
line.  They  are  also  drilling  northward  on  this 
level  on  the  west  side  of  the  vein .  This  drift 
is  in  116  ft.  north  of  the  incline.  On  the  1,400 
ft.  level  a  connection  has  been  made  with  the 
southern  working  of  the  Savage  mine,  securing 
an  abundance  of  pure  air  to  the  openings  at 
that  depth. 

The  Savage  is  yielding  200  tons  of  good  mill- 
ing ore  per  day,  principally  from  the  ore  bodies 
on  the  1,300  and  1,400-ftlevels — these  bodies  of 
ore  still  holding  out  and  developing  finely.  The 
south  drift  of  the  1,400-ft.  level  has  made  con- 
nection with  the  Norcross  works,  giving  a  fine 
circulation  of  good  air.  They  are  still  driving 
the  south  drift  and  east  cross-cut,  on  the  1,500 
level. 

Woodvtlle. — The  daily  yield  is  30  tons  of 
ore,  showing  improvement"  in  quality,  milling 
$33  per  ton — $3  better  than  last  week.  In 
sinking  deeper  the  shaft  has  cut  more  good  ore. 
Ophir. — Notwithstanding  our  report  last 
week  that  the  Ophir  would  commence  sinking 
their  shaft  for  another  level,  they  have  not  yet 
made  the  commencement,  owing  to  the  break- 
ing of  the  pump  and  the  delay  in  getting  timber. 
The  prospecting  of  the  1,100  and  1, 200-ft.  levels 
is  still  prosecuted  with  the  utmost  vigor,  with 
no  new  developments. 

In  the  Gould  aud  Curry  the  incline  is  down 
60  ft.  and  making  much  better  headway  than  at 
our  last  report.  Also  driving  the  north,  south 
and  east  drifts  of  the  1,500  ft  level  with  all  the 
force  possible. 

Belcher. — The  daily  yield  of  the  Belcher  is 
280  tons,  from  the  1,100  and  1,000-ft.  levels. 
The  connection  between  the  main  incline  and 
the  west  drift  of  the  1,100  ft.  level  will  be  made 
in  four  or  five  weeks.  The  new  hoisting  works 
will  be  ready  to  start  up  to-morrow  for  the  first 
time.  Some  very  rich  ore  is  developed  in  the 
1, 200-ft.  level  within  the  last  few  days. 

Chollar  Potosi — Daily  yield  has  increased 
to  200  tons,  all  from  the  Blue  Wing,  Belvidere 
and  other  ore-producing  sections  of  the  old 
upper  workings,  the  average  assays  being  about 
$40  to  the  ton.     No  new  developments. 

Kentuck. — The  yield  for  the  month  of  May 

was  1,326  tons,   assaying  about  $22  per  ton 

on  an  average. 

Crown  Point. — The  daily  yield  is  325  tons, 

Yellow  Jacket. — Daily  yield  20  tons.    No 

new  developments  as  yet. 

Sierra  Nevada. — Daily  yield  a  little  over  50 
tons.    The  ore  gives  a  poorer  general  yield  and 


the  main  breasts  are  not  looking  or  assaying 
well.  A  body  of  ore  assaying  from  $6  to  $10 
per  ton  has  been  developed  by  a  drift  from  the 
raise  above  the  lower  tunnel. 

Buckeye. — Daily  yield  22  tons.  The  new 
slopes  opened  south  of  the  incline,  at  the  400 
ft.  level,  are  opening  out  spledidly,  and  prom- 
ise a  ledge  of  good  paying  ore.  Average  car 
samples  yield  $46  to  the  ton. 

WHITE  PINE. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines — Original  Hidden 
Treasure. — White  Pine  News,  June  1  :  Thirty 
tons  of  ore  are  extracted  per  day.  The  ore 
body  in  the  big  chamber  has  every  appearance 
of  proving  extensive.  The  Bonner  and  Rath- 
bun  chambers  are.  looking  well.  It  is  estimated 
that  there  is  300  tons  of  good  milling  ore  on 
the  dumps. 

South  Sheboygan. — The  tunnel  is  in  140  ft. 

North  Aurora. — The  ore  body  in  the  De 
Pass  chamber  has  increased  in  quantity  since 
last  report.  The  shaft  in  the  bottom  of  the 
chamber,  to  prove  the  depth  of  the  ore,  is  down 
24  ft.  in  good  ore. 

Pennsylvania. — This  mine  will '  start  up 
soon. 

San  Juan  del  Rio. — Work  will  be  resumed 
soon. 

East  Sheboygan. — The  ore  in  the  face  of  the 
drift  is  increasing  in  size,  as  work  is  pushed 
ahead. 

Silver  Wave. — Blocking  out  in  Boston  shaft, 
and  hoisting  to  dump. 

Copper  Glance.— An  extensive  body  of  fair 
milling  ore  in  sight. 

Noonday. — The  lode  averages  about  6  ft.  in 
width,  of  a  fair  milling  grade. 

Ward  Beecher. — Running  ore  from  east  end 
of  Phillpotts  chamber,  to  engine  shaft. 

Eberhardt. — Shipping  ore  by  tramway  to 
mill. 

Colorado, 

Caribou. — Cor.  Central  Megister,  May  29  : 
The  Caribou,  Silver  Point,  Seven  Thirty  and 
Grand  View,  are  hoisting  large  quanties  of  rich 
ore. 

Burger  &  Sons  are  driving  a  tunnel  in  the 
Boulder  Co.  Hill  on  a  rich  vein  of  ore. 

Lesher  &  Shaw  are  working  the  No  Name 
lode,  east  of  the  Caribou,  and  are  taking  out 
some  very  fine  mineral. 

Henry  Burger  has  discovered  a  rich  vein  of 
mineral — it  is  thought  to  be  the  east  extension 
of  the  Seven  Thirty. 

J.  P.  Jamison  is  working  the  Gentryville 
lode,  on  Caribou  Hill.  It  has  every  indication 
of  being  a  valuable  mine. 

Colorado  Gulch. — Cor  same:  The  Printer 
Boy  is  down  in  the  main  shaft  about  280  ft., 
and  looks  well. 

The  Pilot  and  Lincoln  Cos.  are  taking  out 
fair  pay.  The  American  Flag  looks  as  well  as 
the  best  of  the  lodes  on  the  hill. 

Paul  &  Co.  are  about  to  erect  a  20-stamp  mill 
in  Iowa  Gulch. 

Williamsburg. — Caribou  Post,  June  1 :  The 
Washington  Avenue  is  a  mammoth  vein,  carry- 
ing from  2  to  5  ft.  of  solid  galena  and  zinc- 
blende  ore.  An  average  sample,  taken  from  a 
pile  of  4  tons  of  first-class  ore,  assayed  at  the 
rate  of  260  ozs.  of  silver  per  ton.  Eastward 
about  a  mile  and.  a  half,  Welch  &  Co.  have  dis- 
covered a  lode  which  they  have  named  the 
Mayflower.  At  14  ft.  they  have  a  crevice  of 
solid  ore  2  ft.  in  width,  very  similar  in  charac- 
ter to  that  of  the  Washington  Avenue. 

Idaho. 

Local  Record. — Silver  City  Avalanche,  June 
1 :  The  Ellmore  and  Mahogany  are  both  showing 
well.  The  Ellmore  hoisting  works  occasioned 
considerable  trouble  during  the  past  week, 
which  retarded  the  sinking  of  the  shaft. 

The  South  Chariot  shaft  has  been  repaired  to 
the  4th  level,  and  is  in  good  shape. 

J.  H.  Thomas,  foreman  of  the  North  Oro 
Fino,  has  baled  the  water  out  of  the  north 
shaft,  and  is  sinking  to  meet  the  winze  coming 
up  from  the  3d  level  drift. 

The  Illinois  Central  boys  have  from  70  to  80 
tons  of  fine  looking  ore  on  their  dump. 

Work  will  shortly  be  resumed  on  the  Vass 
mine. 

Sup.  Pheby  has  commenced  sinking  the  shaft 
on  the  Pauper,  and  is  down  about  8  ft.  below 
the  old  working.  The  ledge  is  1  ft.  wide  and 
assays  as  high  as  $170  per  ton. 

South  Mountain. — Cor,  same:  TheGolconda 
shaft  is  down  15  ft.  There  have  been  4  new 
discoveries  here  within  the  past  10  days. 

Montana. 

Vipond  Dist. — Deer  Lodge  Independent,  May 
25:  Vipond  Bros,  worked  5  hands  all  winter  on 
the  Miwanotoc  shaft,  which  is  down  150  ft. 
The  Forest  shaft  is  down  60  ft. ;  the  Grey  Jockey, 
50  ft. ;  the  Mammoth  has  been  sunk  25  ft.  deep- 
er this  winter  and  shows  5  ft.  of  high  grade  ore 
all  the  way  from  the  surface.  This  ore  works 
$200  per  ton.  Next  comes  the  famous  Quartz 
Mountain,  about  2  miles  east  of  the  Mammoth, 
where  some  20  lodes  have  been  recorded.  The 
Grey  Eagle  is  down  30  ft.,  and  shows  first  class 
ore.  The  same  Co.  are  sinking  on  the  Hum- 
boldt and  have  a  5-ft.  crevice  of  first  class  ore. 
The  Aurora  is  down  50  ft. ,  and  shows  a  well  de- 
fined lode  of  high  grade  ore. 

Dewey  and  Co.  have  been  at  work  all  winter 
on  the  Banner  lode. 

The  news  from  Ophir  Gulch,  Carpenter's  Bar, 
and  Pioner  City  is  very  encouraging. 

Clean-up. — W.  Stephens  of  Pioneer,  in- 
forms us  that  Tom.  Stuart  aud  the  Thomas 
Bros,  cleaned  up  over  $5,000  last  week,  the 
proceeds  of  3  pipes  for  one  week  in  Bratton's 
Bar. 

Butte. — Mr.  Humphreys  reports  every  man 


June  15,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


373 


in  that  camp  an  working,  and  that  there  is  a 
large  quantity  of  water  running  to  wast©  for 
want  of  mc-n  to  ns<-  it. 

Pn.-.niM  Bab. — There  are  10  Cos.  mining  on 
Pilgrim  Bar  and  all  who  have  their  mines 
opened  properly  are  doing  well.  The  Bock 
Greek  Ditch  Co.  are  selling  1,800  inches  of 
water  doily  end  the  Little  Book  Creek  Ditch 
furnishes  000  inchea  daily.  Hokum b  £  Berry, 
for  the  week  ending  May  18th,  eleaned  up  ?i",- 
100. 

Bkartown. — There  is  not  an  idle  man  in  that 
enmp.  I"  the  dry  diggio£B  the  mines  are  pay- 
ing well.  The  deep  diggings  art-  obstructed  by 
high  water,  CleggA  McDonald,  00  Phehui 
gulch,  are  running  two  pipes. 

Snow  Shoe  (iii.-ii.— Mining  is  bting  carried 
on  from  th«-  valley  t"  the  BOjnmit  oi  the  moun- 
tain, a  distance  offi  unl.s.  live  Chinese  Cos. 
are  working  on  the  lower  part  Of  the  gnloh. 
Kufus  Johnson  is  running  a  crew  of  men  on  his 
big  flume  iu  main  gnloh,  has  a  string  of  alnloej 
going  on  the  lower  hill  and  i*  putting  down  a 

Hume  through  which  to  work  the  upper  hill. 
Moore,  TicwhcLi,  Otta  &  Co.  are  working  half 
a  milt  above  the  month  of  the  canon.  Kelly  A: 
Co.,  above,  are  running  their  hydraulic  mid  will 
commence  cleaning  up  bedrock  in  a  few  days. 
FnKNcn  Gm.cn. — The  Swamp  Co.  are  run- 
ning day  ami  night.  The  claim  pays  about  $20 
per  day  to  the  bund.  The  Lucky  Gulch  Co. 
work  six  men,  and  take  out  about  $40  per  day. 
i  on  First  Chance,  are  taking  out 

from  $15  to  $'20  per  day  to  the  man.  Orl.ini  A 
Co.,   on  the  same   gulch,   make  from  $0  to  $7 

Imt  day  to  the  hand.  Eecleston  &  Co.,  also  on 
''irst  Chance,  have  just  openod  their  grounds. 
W.  N.  Allen,  on  Allen's  Bar,  is  running  two 
pipes  with  good  results.  Lynch,  Dingle  &  Co., 
on  Fenian  gulch,  will  work  8  men  this  season. 
Their  ground  is  good  for  $'25  per  day  to  the 
man;  3  or  4  other  Cob.  are  working,  but  as 
yet,  with  not  very  favorable  results. 

Henderson  Gulch. — Hennessy,  McDermott 
&  Co..  have  run  a  cut  back  into  the  Bar  over 
TOO  ft.,  and  find  better  pay  than  ever  before. 
Their  claim  pays  from  $25  to  $30  per  day  to  the 
hand.  Cooney  &  Co.,  are  making  about  the 
same.  Oaitwright  &  Co.,  arc  also  doing  well 
on  the  same  Bar. 

Phillipsbcrg. — One  of  the  roasters  at  the 
Stuart  Mill  is  already  completed,  and  the  other 
will  be  in  n  short  time.  Col.  Lyons  is  roasting 
'.i  tons  every  24  hours.  The  Stuart  Mill  is  be- 
ing furnished  with  dry-crushing  batteries  which 
will  be  completed  in  about  8  days. 

Yield  at  Deer  Lodge. — New  North  West, 
June  1 :  At  Pilgrim  Bar,  Holcomb,  Berry  & 
Co.,  cleaned  up  for  the  last  week's  work  $4,- 
5,000.     H.  Rodgers  cleaned  up  100  ounces. 

Blackfoot.— About  600  men— 300  white  and  300 
Chinese — are  at  work  at  Blackfoot,  Carpenter's 
Bar,  and  Snow  Shoo.  The  ditches  are  full,  water 
plenty,  and  the  mines  working  night  and  day. 
More  men  are  wanted. 

Utah. 

Butterfield  Canon. — S.  L.  Tribune,  June 
G :  We  hear  of  new  discoveries  in  this  canon 
almost  every  day.  The  Garland,  a  new  loca- 
tion, has  produced  from  the  surface  some  very 
fine  chloride  ore  assaying  93  ounces  of  silver  to 
the  ton. 

TrNTic. — Crimson  in  his  tunnel  on  the  Mam- 
moth lode,  has  struck  a  large  body  of  copper  ore 
of  the  richest  quality;  half  of  it  is  reported  to 
be  native  copper.  A.  large  body  of  rich  galena 
ore  is  said  to  have  been  found  in  the  famous 
Copperopolis.  Header's  Swansea  still  pans  out, 
exceeding  all  expectations.  The  Chicago  and 
other  leads  near  Silver  City  are  being  worked. 
Mines  around  Diamond  City  ore  doing  well. 

Tfie  Sultan  works  in  American  Fork,  are  turn 
Lug  out  8  tons  of  bullion  per  day. 

Mount  Nebo  Dist. — The  Olive  Branch,  which 
is  down  100  ft.,  shows  a  very  fine  body  of  ore. 
John  Hague  is  taking  out  from  9  to  10  tons  of 
ore  from  one  of  the  Go's.,  mines  daily. 

Coal. — W.  D.  Wilson,  called  at  this  office  yes- 
terday and  left  samples  of  some  of  the  finest 
coal  we  have  yet  seen  in  the  Territory.  The 
mine,  recently  opened,  is  on  Chalk  creek, 
and  the  workmen  have  already  struck  one  vein 
of  6  ft.  in  thickness,  with  every  prospect  of  hav- 
ing an  immense  deposit. 

More  Discoveries  South. — The  Wah  Wah 
dist.  is  about  75  miles  due  west  of  the  town  of 
Bcver,  Bever  Co. 

The  mines  discovered  are  in  a  quartzite  belt 
and  the  ledges  are  well  defined,  of  large  size, 
many  of  them  having  been  traced  for  a  mile  in 
length.  The  rock  assays  from  $15  to  $396  per 
ton.  and  is  free  milling  ore. 

The  Rocky  mine,  in  Bocky  Dist.,  has 
been  sunk  on  17  ft.,  having  followed  the  ore 
down  on  the  ledge,  which,  appears  50  ft.  wide. 

The  Lawrence  is  about  20  ft.  wide. 

A  number  of  ledges  belonging  to  Hammond, 
Gray  &  Harkness,  including  the  Champion  and 
other  good  locations,  are  being  worked  vigor- 
ously. 

The  Chamelon  is  sunk  20  ft.;  shows  one  of 
the  finest  bodies  of  mineral  that  has  been  seen 
in  the  country  at  that  depth.  The  New  Eng- 
land, is  about  6  ft.  wide  on  the  surface. 

In  North  Star,  the  Old  Hickory  mine  shows 
0  ft.  of  mineral  at  70  ft.  From  this  point  the 
Co.  is  running  a  level.  There  are  over  100  tons 
of  ore  on  the  dumps. 

The  Shenandoah  and  Mitus  continue  to  pros- 
pect well. 

West  Camp,  which  lies  over  the  divide  west 
from  North  Star,  has  the  temperance  mine,  the 
Lookout,  and  Lady  of  the  Lake,  all  of  which 
show  remarkably  well. 


Corals  and  Coral  Islands. 

'  Corals  and  Coral  Islands  "  is  the  title  of  a 
beautifully  bound  book  of  some  400  pages,  by 
James  D.  Dana,  Professor  of  Mineralogy  and 
Geology  in  Yale  College,  and  author  of  various 
scientific  works,  reports,  etc.  This  work  is 
profusely  and  most  beautifully  illustrated;  and 
while  the  subject  is  one  of  much  interest  and 
mportance  we  have  an  author  fully  competent 
11 1  it. 

Prof.  Dana  is  a  man  thoroughly  versed  iu 
this  and  kindred  subjects,  a  close  observer  and 
a  writer  of  high  literary  taste.  The-  facts 
which  he  presents  were  |obtAined  by  personal 
observations  made  as  geologist,  during  the 
four  years  exploring  expedition  of  Commodore 
Wilkes.  Since  making  his  official  report  he  has 
further  Btudied  the  subject  of  corals  and  coral 
polypi,  collected  other  facts  from  later  observ- 
ers and  brought  a  maturer  judgment  to  bear 
upon  the  subject,  whereby  he  has  been  enabled 
to  throw  much  additional  light  upon  the  habits 
of  these  singular  organisms,  the  important 
past  they  have  aeted  in  the  economy  of  nature, 
and  the  wonderful  assistance  their  remains 
have  become  to  the  geologist  in  his  researches 
into  changes  which  have  taken  place  in  the 
earth's  crust  during  the  immense  geological 
periods  in  which  they  have  lived  and  multi- 
plied. 

This  work  may  be  considered  as  a  special 
contribution  to  popular  science — to  the  dissemin- 
ation of  accurate  and  popular  scientific  infor- 
mation among  the  people.  The  Professor  has 
therein,  without  any  sacrifice  of  scientific  pre- 
cision, fairly  entered  the  field  as  a  missionary  of 
science  in  the  world  work  of  converting  the 
people  to  a  proper  appreciation  of  the  great 
truths  which  God  has  written  in  the  books  of 
nature,  and  which  should  he  as  universally 
studied  and  understood  as  His  other  Book 
which  has  been  handed  down  to  us  as  his  revel- 
ation to  man.  The  author  very  properly  ob- 
serves in  his  opening  chapter  that  "  a  singular 
degree  of  obscurity  has  possessed  the  popular 
mind  with  regard  to  the  growth  of  corals  and 
coral  reefs,  in  consequence  of  the  readiness 
with  which  speculations  have  been  supplied 
and  accepted  in  place  of  facts."  It  appears  to 
be  one  of  the  objects  of  the  present  publication 
to  disabuse  the  public  mind  of  such  errors,  and 
to  give,  in  a  manner  readily  comprehensible  by 
all,  and  made  still  more  clear  by  numerous  il- 
lustrations, a  correct  statement  of  all  the  facts 
connected  with  the  subject. 

The  chapters  on  the  structure  of  coral  reefs 
and  islands;  their  formation  and  the  causes  of 
their  features ;  changes  of  level  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean;  geological  conclusions,  etc.,  are  all  val- 
uable contributions  to  science,  and  especially 
worthy  the  attention  of  the  general  reader. 

So  interesting  is  the  character  and  habits  of 
the  coral  polypi,  that  we  propose  to  give  a 
short  resume  thereof  from  the  pages  before  us 
as  soon  as  we  can  prepare  the  engravings  nec- 
essary to  illustrate  the  subject.  In  the  mean- 
time we  would  refer  our  readers  to  the  book 
itself  which  may  be  obtained  of  A.  Roman  & 
Co.,  the  San  Francisco  publishers.  Aside  from 
its  intrinsic  merits,  the  book  will  be  found  an 
elegant  ornament  for  the  center  table,  and  a 
most  acceptable  testimony  of  regard  which,  one 
friend  may  wish  to  manifest  for  another,  in  the 
way  of  a  present. 

Crops  in  San  Joaquin — Wheat  Nearly 
Eipe. — J.  A.  McCloud  brought  to  this 
office  yesterday  a  sample  of  his  wheat  crop 
on  the  south  bank  of  the  Tuolumme  river, 
about  three  miles  and  a  half  from  Modesto. 
Mr.  McCloud  and  R.  Whitmore  own  jointly 
2,360  acres,  and  they  expect  to  harvest  no 
less  than  fifty  thousand  bushels.  They 
will  commence  harvesting  in  the  course  of 
about  ten  days.  The  sample  brought 
here  yesterday  is  nearly  ripe,  finely  head- 
ed, and  the  grain  plump  and  full.  The 
stalks  are  over  fifty-four  inches  in  bight, 
and  the  whole  is  ripening  equally.  Mr. 
McCloud  tells  us  that  he  has  never  seen 
any  wheat  field  to  surpass  this  in  appear- 
ance. The  advantages  of  the  late  favora- 
ble weather  to  the  wheat  crop  generally 
are  almost  beyond  calculation.  As  har- 
vest approaches  the  prosects  brighten,  and 
the  farmers  everywhere  are  full   of  spirit. 

Republican,  June  8:  George  W.  Sperry 
brought  to  this  office  last  evening  samples 
of  wheat,  the  product  of  his  land  on  the 
west  side  of  the  San  Joaquin  river,  about 
four  miles  south  from  San  Joaquin  City. 
In  that  locality  he  has  five  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  in  wheat  and  one  hundred  and 
sixty  acres  iu  barley.  Mr.  Sperry  and 
brother,  who  own  the  land  jointly,  com- 
menced sowing  in  the  middle  of  February 
and  completed  the  work  on  the  15th  of 
March.  The  sample  of  the  last  sown, 
which  he  brought  to  this  office,  is  a  little 
over  thirty  inches  in  hight  and  finely 
headed. — Independent. 


S.  F.  Stock  and  Exchange  Board. 

Thtbsdat,  June  13. 

The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending 
on  the  5th  inst.  amounted  to  $2,011,000,  an 
unusually  small  figure  as  compared  with  the 
weekly  sales  for  the  past  few  months.  The 
shipments  made  from  the  Kaymoud  and  Ely 
mine  on  the  June  account,  amount  to  $129,000. 
Over  1,000  tons  of  ore  were  milled  at  the  Eurukii 
Consolidated  mine  last  week.  The  Sierra  Ne- 
vada mine  yielded  400  tons  of  ore  last  week, 
and  shipped  $4,400on  the  8th,  inst.  The  Hale 
and  Norcross  mine  yielded  230  tons,  leaving 
1,370  tons  on  the  dump.  The  Ohallar  Potosi 
yielded  1,100  tons  during  the  same  period;  and 
the  Savage  1,130  tons,  assaying  $31.90  per  ton. 
The  last  weekly  clean  up  of  the  Eureka  mine 
of  Grass  Yull>-v  was  G25  ounces  of  amalgam. 
The  Pioche  mine  sent  down  $15,000  on  the  Gth 
inst.  and  $12,341  on  the  12th.  The  yield  of 
the  Crown  Point  mine  during  the  past  week 
was  1,700  tons  of  ore,  valucdat$C>8,300.  "Water 
still  retards  the  work. 

Stocks  have  been  both  np  and  down  during 
the  week  to  a  somewhat  remarkable  degree. 
On  Thursday,  the  Gth  inst.,  in  the  afternoon 
the  market  was  quite  weak,  and  on  the  Friday 
following,  prices  were  still  lower.  Saturday 
stocks  were  again  quiet,  with  very  light  sales 
and  weak  prices.  On  Monday  the  market 
hegan  irregular  but  firmer.  Tuesday,  stocks 
were  up  again  and  a  much  firmer  feel- 
ing existed,  as  nearly  all  descriptions  show- 
ed a  small  advancs.  Wednesday,  the  up 
ward  tendency  was  checked  and  most  kinds 
were  a  little  lower.  To-day  the  business  was 
very  fight  and  prices  were  weak ,  showing  a  gen- 
eral decline.  The  mining  news  from  all  over 
the  coast  is  favorable. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 


June  6. 

Alpha $53 

American  Flag..  20 

Belcher 892^ 

Buckeye -I'- 

Chollar-Potosi..  102% 

Caledonia 1 43 

Cons.  Virginia. . .  23 
Crown  Point....  131 

Danev 3)4 

Eureka  Cona —  29 

Fureka — 

Exchequer 24 

Gould  &  Curry.. 175 
Golden  Chariot. .  — 
Hole  .fc  Norcross.  74 

Ida  Elmore \8',i 

Imperial 8 

Kentuck 270 

Mammoth \K 

Meadow  Valley..  15)*I 

Mahogany 2L 

Ophir..... 37 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.  12 

Overman 72 

Pioche..... \\% 

Raymond  A  Ely.  122 
.  .176 


Hightxt.    Loicent.    Juno  13.     Alio.  De, 


53 

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800 

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Hi 

m 

117 

89 

107 

an 

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21 

133 

II7X 

126 

3*£ 

as 

— 

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17 

IG 

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15 

15 

175 

US 

115 

11 

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— 

74 

63 

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220 

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Sierra  Nevada.. 

Succor 5 

Wash.  AOreole..    VA 
Yellow  Jacket.. .125 

Justice — 

Seg.  Beloher....  7G 


70  2 

16  \% 

122  —        - 


117,'* 
67 


Latest  Prices— Sid  and  Asked. 


bid>  ASKED, 

AlphaCons 37fl  .    37!* 

Amador —  3i0 

Belcher 800  820 

Chollar-Potosi..     107  lt»8 

Crown  Point....    125  125^ 

Daney 3  .'■'■•■, 

Eureka  Cone....      29  30 

Eureka 16  17 

Golden  Chariot.       9  10 

Gonld  £  Ourry.    145  145 

Hale  &  Norcross     Gfi  64 


BID.  ASKED. 


Ida  Elmore 18 

Imperial §)£ 

Kentuck 225 

Meadow  Valley..    \\% 

Ophir 32 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas    13,'a 

Overman ,.     69 

Savage 140 

Raymond  &  Ely.  120^ 
Sierra  Nevada...  16!* 
Yellow  Jacket...  117,1* 


19 

5* 

2311 

15 

321-; 

1.1'., 

70 
145 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 


PRICKS  FOR  INVOICES 

lobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  toflfUsn  per  cent,  highe 
following  quotations. 

Thursday,  Juno 

Scotch  Pig  Iron.ftton $83  00 

White  Pig,  ft  ton 70  00 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^*  tb —  tiiw 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  ft  lb —  05 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  Ofifc 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  Ofi 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 —  08 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —  08 

Shoot,  No.  24  to  27 —09 

HorseShoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc.        5    i 

Ooppeb.— 

Sheathing,  ft  lb —  40    ( 

Sheathing,  Yellow"  ■■ —  30 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  12    | 

Composition  Nails —  28 

Composition  Bolts —  28 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  ft  box 19  00 

Plates,  IOOharcoal  17  00 

Roofing  Plates 16  00 

Banca  Tin,  Slabs,  ft  lb —  45 

Steel.— English  Cast,  ft  lb —  15 

Drill 15 

FlatBar 17 

Plough  Points 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 123* 

Quicksilver.— ft  lb 

LEAD.-Pig,  ft  lb —  05& 

Sheet —  10 

Pipe —  ,9 

Bar 06>* 

Zmc.-Sheets,  ft  ft —  11 

BORAX.— Refined —  27 

Borax,  crude —   5 


r  that)  the 
13,  1872 


19  50 
17  50 
16  50 


-  10 
-07 

-  113* 


The  Scientific  Press  is  one  of  our  very  best 
exchanges.  Not  only  in  its  reports  of  mining 
news,  out  also  in  first-class  reading  matter, 
useful  and  interesting,  in  scientific  information, 
and  in  its  home  department  does  it  excel.  "We 
are  glad  to  know  that  the  Pbess  has  a  good  list 
of  subscribers  in  these  partB.  It  is  deserving 
of  more  of  both. — Colorado  Miner. 


Mining  Shareholders'  Directory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  the  Soixjf. 
line  P&KHS  and  other  San  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAUE,  LOCATION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAT 

DATE  OF  ASSESSMENT  DELINQUENT.     OF  SALE. 

Alleghany  consolidated,  (\il.  An.  90,  &5o.June3-<JuneM* 

Arizona*  I'tah  M.Co..  Nev  .  linu-  t.SOo,  July  1U— July  3] 
BtitoJf.Oo.,6tony  Co.,Nov.,Ap'l  30,  $1. June  5— June  28 
Ca*<-a<l.>  Blue  G.  M.  C.  Oal,  May  15.  20c.Juue  18— July 9 
Cherokee  Flat  B.G.  Co  ,  Cal.  Juno  8,  $1,  July  10— July27 
Orown  Point  Ravim-  M.CO., Hay  3.  $5...  June  20— July  20 
l>.-nauccM.Co.,Ora*8Valky,  June  3,  50o,  July  5 — .July  22 

Eagle  QulcksUvei    May  B,  S4Q July  ll— July  15* 

EcxendornM  <  !o.,Ca!averuOo.,  Juno  8,(3, Julr  12— July28 
El  Dorado  M.  Co..  Cal.,  May  13,  26c.  ...June  1G— July  10 
Oen.Lee  S.M.Co.,  W.  Fine.Ap'1 27,10c.  .June  2fc  — July  16 
Dutch  Flat  II.  O.  Co., Cal., June  11,  $1.25.  July  16  Aug  0 
Golden  I'hariot.  Idaho  T.,Aurll  12,  $1.50.  May  22-Juno  IS 
Hid.  Thus.  M,  Co.,  W.  P.,  May  11,  10c... June  17— July  K 
HM.Tivus.C.iiie.M.Co..W.P.,May  11,  10c  .June  17—  July  8 
Howard  mil  M.C...G.V«lloy.  June 4,  $5,Julv  fi—  July  20 
lluhu  ft  Hunt,  Ely  Dist..  May  39,  60  cts..July  B— July  36 
Ida  Elmore  M.  Co.,  Idalo,  May  21,  $3-  -June  2U— July  27 
Iuipinitricc  Eugenic, Cal.,  April  26, 25c. June 2— June  17 
End)  pendent  O.M.Co.>Cal.,Mayl6,50c.Jime  22— July  12 
[ngomarM.  Co.,  Elv  l>Ut.,  June* 6,  25c  July  15- August  0 
Ja.'ouLittlcM  Co.,Virgluia,Nev.May 3O,$0 .July  1— Julv:il 
Julia  G.  &  S.  M.  Co..  Nev..  April  22,  £6. May  25— June  15 

Justice  M.  Co.  Storey  Co.  Nov.,  $1 .June  24— .July  16 

KinCSld  Flat,  Cal.,  April  23,  $3 May  37— Jnne'lT* 

Knickerbocker,  Nov.,  May  30,  $1 July 3— July  23 

Lord  Byron  G. A:S. M.Co.,  Nev. .Apr.  29,25c,  June  3-June 22 

Lemon  M.  k  M.Co..  Nev.,  May  29.  $1 July  6— Aiir.10 

Lyon  ii  Wheeler  Arizona, May  18,10c... .Juno 24— July  15* 
MagnoliaS.  M.  Co..  Nov.,  April  22,  25c. May  25— June  20 

Miua  Mica  M.Co.,  May  8,  20c June  10—  July  1* 

Minnesota  M.  Co.,  I.  T.,  May  12,  ILW.June  22^July  20 
Newton  BoothConH.M.Co.,Nev.Juno  6,30c,July  12— Aug5 

OhioCon8.  M.  Co.  Cal..  May  21,  10c June 20— July  20 

Pacific  Borax  Co,,  Nevada,  May  I,  20c  ..June  C— June 29 

Page  fcPauaca.  Nev.  April  12,60c May  20 — June  15 

Pea  Vine  S.M.Co. .Ely  Dist. , May  H,20c.. June  20— July  12 
PiermontM.  &  M.  Co.,  April  16,  40c.  .May  20— June  19* 
Potomac  S.M.Co.,NyeCo.,Nev,JuneG,50c  July  16— AuglO 
Pride  of  Mt.  M.  Co.  Nev.,  May  7,25c  .  .June  17— July  10 
Rising  Star  S.  M.  Co. ,  Idaho,  Ap'l  27,  $1 .  .June  1— Juno  29 

Roxhy,  Gold  Hill,  June  3,  50c July  6- July  27 

Silver  Sprout  M.  Co.,  Cal. .April  29,  50c.  June  1— June  22* 

Sumner,  Kern  Co..  April  11,  $10 May  22— June  21 

Tecumneh  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  24,  $5. ..  May  29— June  17* 

Union  G.  M.  Co..  Cal..  May  20, 12.50 June  22— July  9* 

Washington  M.  Co.,  May  8,  $3 June  11- June  29* 

Wahb.fc  Creole  M.  Co., Nev. .May  13,75c. .June  20—  July  17 

Woodland  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  May  21, 12j£c.June  25— July  16* 

MEETINGS  TO  BEHELD. 

Alpha  Consolidated  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  17 

Altona  No .  1  Gravel  M .  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  5 

Belcher  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  25 

Hardy  Coal  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  July  9* 

Hidden  Treasure  Consolidated. Annual  Meeting,  June  17 

Imperial  S.  M.  Cc Annual  Meeting,  June  25 

Independent  Coal  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  17 

Julia  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  17 

Mahogany  G.  &  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jnne  25 

Morning  StarM.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  10 

Pocahontas  G.  M:  Co Special  Meeting,  June  18 

Providence  G.  k  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June20 

Star  Consolidated  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June20 

Washington  and  Creole  M.  Co..  Annual  Meeting,  June  25 

William  Penn  Cons.  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  15 

Woodland  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  17 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher  M.  Co.,  $30 Payable  May  10 

Belcher.  $30 Payable  June  10 

Black  Diamond  Coal  Co.,  Jtf  per  cent. ..  Payable  May  29 

Crown  Point  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.,  $3 Payable  June  12 

EaBtport,  Coose  Bay,  Coal  M.  Co.,  55.00.  .Payable  Juno  11 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co.,$l Payable  March  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,,  $7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.00 Payable  May  15 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  &  Ely  M .  Co .,  $7 Payable  June  10 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


Leather  Market  Report 


[Corrected  weekly  by  DoUiver  k  Bro.,  No.  109  Post  et.] 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  June  13. 1872. 

SOLE  Leather. —The  Eastern  market  is  higher  and  some 
tanners  have  advanced  their  prices  here.  We  quote  as 
below: 

City  Tanned  Leather,  ?*  ft 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  *  ft 26@29 

Country  Leather,  ^{*ft 25@28 

Stockton  Leather.^  ft 26(329 

French  skiDS  continue  tinn.  All  California  skins  are 
scarce  and  bring  full  prices. 

Jodot,  8  Kil.,  per  doz  $60  00@ 

Jodot.ll  to  19  Kil.,  per  doz 72  OOim  90  00 

Jodot,  second  ohoice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz. 60  00@  76  00 

Lemoine,  16  to  18  Kil.,  ft  doz  75  00@  77  60 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  00(5)  70  00 

Corncllian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00@ 

Cornellian.  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz 60  00@  68  00 

Qgeraa  Calf,  ^  doz 64  00@ 

Simon,  18  Kil./ft  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  fe  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  ft  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf.  7  and  8  Kil 35  000  40  00 

French  Kips,  ft  ft HO©    1  30 

California  Kip,  ft  doz 60  OOtoSO  00 

b'rench  Sheep,  all  colors,  ft  doz 15  00 

EasternCalf  forBacks.ft  lb 115®    126 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ft  doz. ...    9  00(a)  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings.ft  doz 5  50i3  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  76®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ^pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,ft  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leather,  ft  ft 30®    37W 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  ft  doz 48  00@  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ft  ft 34@    87W 

Welt  Leather,  ft  doz 80  00@  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,  ft  foot 20(0      22 


Mining  Accidents. — H.  L.  Newton,  foreman 
of  the  Robinson  mine,  Prospect  Flat,  near 
Placerville,  \yaB  instantly  killed  last  week,  by- 
being  run  over  by  a  loaded  car. 

Francis  Richards,  working  in  the  lower  level 
of  the  Idaho  mine,  was  Beriously  hurt  on  the 
Gth  inst.,  by  a  piece  of  rock  which  fell  from 
above,  breaking  his  leg,  and  otherwise  injuring 
him. 

"Win.  Fitzgerald,  was  "instantly  killed  in  the 
Adams  &  Farren  shaft  of  the  Phoenix  mine  on 
the  5th  inst.  He  fell  100  ft.,  while  attempting 
to  get  in  the  cage  to  ascend. 

Peter  Leonard  was  severly  hurt  by  the  pre- 
mature explosion  of  a  blast  in  the  Hale  &  Nor- 
cross mine  on  the  6th  inst. 

Peter  Ohlsen,  working  at  the  Ophir  hoisting 
works,  had  his  hand  mangled  last  week,  while 
oiling  the  machinery. 

John  McCabe,  employed  at  the  old  Logg's 
Mill,  Nevada  City,  came  near  being  crushed  to 
death  recently,  while  putting  on  a  new  shoe  in 
the  battery,  by  the  1,000-pound  stem  falling  on 
a  crowbar  which  he  held,  and  which  gave  him 
a  pretty  tight  squeeze  against  the  side  of  th/ 
battery. 


374 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  15,  1872. 


[Written  (or  the  Fresh  by  G.  Edbtkl.] 

Vienna  World's  Fair. 

To  be  opened  May  1,  and  closed  October  31,  1873. 

Before  referring  to  the  programme  of  this 
fair,  published  already  in  many  papers,  it  might 
be  interesting  to  Californians  to  hear  a  few 
words  about  Vienna  and  other  parts  of  the  Em- 
pire, with  reference  to  visitors.  It  seems  to  be 
an  absurdity  to  make  a  comparison  between 
Vienna  and  Calif ornia;  but,  there  is  neverthe- 
less, at  least,  a  similarity  of  social  circumstan- 
ces between  this  young  State  and  that  old  em- 
pire city ;  a  kind  of  relationship,  inviting  particu- 
larly California  en  masse,  and  their— purses. 
California  attracted  adventurers  of  all  parts  of 
the  world,  and  after  many  years  of  hard  labor 
of  purification,  we  see  now  that  progressive  in- 
dustry, commerce  and  science  are  beginning  to 
take  the  lead  in  all  pursuits. 

This  singular  social  development  of  a  strangely 
mixed  community,  impressed  on  California  a 
noted  cosmopolitan,  polyglotic  character,  more 
so  than  any  other  State  of  the  Republic;  and  so 
is  Vienna  the  most  cosmopolitan  city  in  Europe, 
owing  this  character,  like  California  to  the 
mixed  society  of  natives  and  foreigners,  by 
whom  it  was  built  up.  Strangers  visiting 
Vienna,  feel  at  home  in  the  shortest  time.  The 
well-known  heartiness  and  hospitality  of  the 
Vienna  people,  the  magnificent  surroundings, 
thebrillianttheatre,  exquisite  music,  everything 
contributes  to  make  foreigners  comfortable  and 
at  home,  much  more  so  than  Paris,  London  or 
any  other  European  city.  Refined  Californians, 
who  consider  it  insufficient  to  cultivate  one's 
mind  only,  knowing  that  there  is  also  a  physi- 
cal part  to  be  taken  care  of,  will  discover  the 
superiority  of  the  Vienna  tables,  and  Hungarian 
wines.  Who  delights  in  arts  and  sciences,  will 
find  an  inexhaustible  supply  to  satisfy  his  de- 
sire, not  to  forget  the  immense  imperial  col- 
lection of  mineral,  logical  and  geological  speci- 
mens. The  Austro-Hungarian  Empire  is  ex- 
ceedingly rich  in  various  raw  products,  for  it  is 
eminently  an  agricultural  State,  and  an  exten- 
sive market  for  imports  and  exports.  Being 
once  in  Vienna,  it  is  worth  while  to  make  a  trip 
to  Hungary  by  rail  or  steamboat.  The  farmer 
will  find  there  interesting  instances  of  rural  in- 
dustry; wine,  tobacco  of  excellent  quality,  flax, 
hamp,  silkworms,  sugar  beets,  etc. 

Hungary,  is,  however,  of  much  more  interest 
to  a  Californian  who  has  a  taste  for  mining. 
In  three  days  he  can  reach  the  centre  of  mining 
in  Banat,  (southeastern  part  of  Hungary).  Iron, 
copper,  lead  and  silver  ores,  are  treated  here  in 
various  ways.  The  principal  mining  town  is 
Oravitza.  The  next  very  extensive  mining 
field  of  gold,  silver  and  other  ores  is  Transyl- 
vania. Those  who  are  fond  of  nature  and  mag- 
nificent scenery,  will  not  travel  from  the  Banat 
mining  district  direct  to  Transylvania,  but  will 
make  a  sligth  detour  to  Basias,  and  from  here  by 
steamer  on  the  Danube  to  Orsowa.  The  river 
flows  here  with  majestic  quiet,  winding  slowly 
between  exceedingly  high  perpendicular  rocks, 
on  the  right  hand  side  Servia,  on  the  left  Hun- 
gary. On  the  latter  side  is  a  splendid  view  of  a 
modern  wagon-road  blasted  out  in  the  perpen- 
dicular wall  leadinp  to  Orsowa,  in  some  parts 
beautifully  ornamented  with  most  luxuriant 
vegetation.  On  the  other  side  is  an  old  Roman 
trail,  extending  for  some  distance,  partially  des- 
troyed by  the  ravages  of  time. 

Ariving  at  Orsowa,  the  stranger  is  struck  by 
the  singular  appearance  of  that  friendly  situ- 
ated .place.  Wallachian  women  neatly  dressed 
in  peculiar  style,  may  be  seen  walking 
carelessly  along  the  street,  on  their  heads 
a  little  wooden  trough  with  a  sleeping 
baby  in  it,  and  they  may  sometimes  be  seen 
spinning  their  flax  while  walking.  In  the  same 
way  water-pitchers  are  carried  on  the  head 
with  ease  and  safety,  as  is  done  in  Egypt  or 
Mexico.  Here  you  see  Turks,  Servians,  Wal- 
lachians,  Hungarians,  Germans,  Gypsies,  etc. 
Here  is  also  the  point  from  where  one  can  see 
four  different  territories  ;  you  see  Hungary, 
Servia,  Wallachia  and  Turkey.  The  last  being 
represented  by  a  fort,  "Orsowa,"  in  the  middle 
of  the  Danube,  worth  being  visited  by  all 
strangers  who  come  to  Orsowa.  A  splendid 
road  with  cherry,  plum  and  mulberry  trees  on 
both  sides,  leads  yon  to  Caransebes,  and  from 
here,  instead  of  going  the  regular  route  to 
Transylvania  by  way  of  Lugosh,  you  go  north 
through  the  "Iron  Gate"  if  you  have  a  desire 
to  see  Roman  antiquities.  For  instance,  at 
Demsush  an  old  Roman  oracle  temple  with  a 
kind  of  an  altar.with  the  secret  snail  stairs  in  it, 
leading  up  to  the  speaking  tube — through  which 
the  priests  sent  down  their  mysterious  answers 
in  an  awful  inhuman  voice — all  well  preserved 
yet.  Beyond  the  iron  gate  at  Gredistye,  (a 
"Wallachian  village)  a  floor  has  been  discovered 
four  feet  below  the  ground,  beautifully  laid  out 
with  mosaic  of  different  but  natural  colors, 
representing  in  life  size,  Paris  with  the  golden 
apple  before  Venus,  Minerva  and  Juno.  In 
the  same  place  one  can  see  the  ruins  of  an 
amphitheater  of  the  once  flourishing  city  of 
TJlpia  Trajana.  Further  in  the  Hatzeg  Valley 
is  an  old  Roman,  macadamized,  tolerably  well 
preserved  road  severalmiles  long.  It  takes  one 
day's  travel  from  the  iron  gate  through  the 
Hatzeg  Valley  to  Deva,  wherefrom  you  get 
sight  of  the  first  Transylvanian  gold  mining 
town,  Nagyak,  where  telluride  of  gold  and  of 
silver,  etc.,  is  the  principle  ore. 
From  this  place,  a  great  many  gold  and  silver 


mining  places  of  much  interest  may  be  visited, 
where  primitive  and  modern  means  are  employ- 
ed to  extract  the  gold.  A  Californian  will  find 
there  a  great  field  for  improvements,  especially 
at  Veres-patak,  Abrud-banya,  etc.,  but  he  will 
see,  also,  many  other  things  there  worthy  of 
notice.  Having  done  with  the  principal  mining 
places  of  Transylvania,  one  can  turn  to  the 
northwest  part  of  Hungary,  which  is  also  a 
very  extensive  mining  region.  The  principal 
mining  town  is  Schemnitz,  with  the  celebrated 
Royal  Mining  Academy,  and  deep  mining.  The 
concentration  of  ores  is  here  executed  after 
Rittinger's  principle  to  a  high  perfection.  It 
is  neither  in  Hungary  nor  in  Austria  the  cus- 
tom to  extol  their  mining  improvements,  neve- 
theless  a  great  many  metallurgical  (and  espec- 
ially concentrating)  improvements  and  inven- 
tions which  are  used  in  other  countries, 
originated  there. 

Ore   Specimens  at  the  Fair. 

The  importance  of  having  our  mines  and 
mining  interests  represented  at  this  World's 
Fair  by  a  collection  of  ore  specimens,  etc., 
need  not  to  be  explained  any  further  than  to 
refer  in  this  respect  to  the  result  of  the  last 
Paris  exhibition.  The  presentation  of  our 
mineral  resources  at  the  Vienna  fair  may  prove 
even  more  beneficial  to  our  interest  than  the 
last  one.  The  gigantic  preparations,  started  un- 
der judicious  and  thorough  scientific  manage- 
ment, with  the  experience  gained  by  observing 
the  workings  of  the  London  and  Paris  exhibi- 
tions; with  the  view  of  improving  and  enlarging 
the  field,  not  for  the  sake  of  multiplicity, 
or  only,  as  was  the  principal  aim  of  the  former 
two  great  exhibitions,  to  produce  a  zealous  com- 
petition amongst  men  of  industry  and  arts,  but 
more  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  largest 
possible  social  circle  to  derive  from  a  larger  field 
a  more  extensive  practical  application  of  all 
branches  of  industry,  art,  science  and  human 
comfort.  These  preparations  seem  to  justify 
the  expectation  that  the  Vienna  fair  will  sur- 
pass the  former  two  in  its  influence  on  the  de- 
velopment and  progress  of  industry  and  com- 
merce of  all  nations,  and  attract  more  visitors 
from  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  ^  Municipal 
Court  at  Vienna,  gratuitously  ceded  its  valuable 
Prater  ground,  on  which  already  an  immense 
number  of  beautiful  trees  have  been  laid  flat  to 
make  room  for  the  giant  palace.  The  industrial 
world  favored  this  undertaking  with  such  an 
enthusiasm,  that  several  millions  have  been 
subscribed  in  a  few  days  as  a  guarantee  fund 
for  exhibition  purposes. 

Programme  of  the  Fair. 

According  to  the  programme,  the  following 
divisions  were  made  for  the  exhibition:  1.  Min- 
ing and  Metallurgy.  2.  Agriculture,  Arboricul- 
ture, and  Horticulture.  3.  Chemical  Industry. 
4,  Aliment  and  Food.  5.  Textiles  and  Clothing 
Industry.  6.  Leather  and  Rubber  Material. 
7.  Metals.  8.  Wood.  9.  Stone,  Earth  and 
Glass  Ware.  10.  Fancy  Goods.  11.  Paper 
Industry.  12.  Graphic  Arts  and  Drawings.  13. 
Machinery  and  Means  of  Transportation.  14. 
Scientific  Instruments.  15.  Musical  Instru- 
ments. 16.  Army.  17.  Marine  Matters.  18. 
Architectural  and  Civil  Engineering  Appli- 
ances. 19.  Civil  or  Middle-Class  Dwelling 
Houses,  with  internal  arrangements.  20.  Peas- 
ant's house,  with  its  arrangement  and  utensils. 
21.  The  National  House  Industry.  22.  Rep- 
resentation of  the  efficency  of  Museums  for 
Art  purposes.  23.  Ecclesiastic  Arts.  24.  Ob- 
jects of  art  of  olden  times,  exhibited  by  collect- 
ors. 25.  Painting  and  Sculpture  of  the  present 
time.  26.  Matters  relating  to  Education  and 
Instruction. 

Special  Exhibitions. 

I.  Represents  the  ntiliation  of  the  waste  or 
refuse  obtained  in  most  branches  of  industry. 

II.  Exhibition  of  Contributions  to  the  his- 
tory of  industry  and  inventions. 

Five  medals  will  be  distributed:  a,  Medal  of 
Arts,  for  painting  and  sculpture  ;  b,  Medal  of 
Progress,  for  those  who  contributed  to  former 
World's  Fairs,  and  can  prove  a  progress  since; 
c,  of  Merit,  for  first-time  exhibitors;  d,  a  Medal 
of  Good  Taste,  for  exhibitors  whose  articles 
show  a  refined  taste,  with  reference  to  color, 
shape,  and  general  outfit ;  and  finally,  one  for 
workmen,  for  such  as  recommended  by  the  ex- 
hibitor for  a  prize-article  as  having  performed 
the  most  important  part  of  it. 

The  object  of  No.  19,  is  not  merely  to  make 
a  collection  for  showing  how  family  houses 
usually  look  under  different  zones,  but  how 
they  should  be  arranged  in  order  to  serve  best 
the  national  requirements  and  customs,  with 
reference  to  local  and  climatic  circumstances. 
They  must  show:  a,  a  division  of  space  with 
the  greatest  economy  of  the  ground  surface, 
offering  the  most  comfort;  6,  architectural  ar- 
rangement and  decorations,  combined  with 
taste,  and  serving  the  purpose;  c,  a  proper  ar- 
rangement of  ventilation,  illumination,  heating, 
etc. ;  d,  a  kitchen,  pantry,  cellar,  bathing-rooms, 
and  other  departments  necessary  for  cleanli- 
ness and  comfort.  Individuals  of  all  nations 
have  thus  an  opportunity  to  compare  their  ar- 
rangement with  those  of  other  countries,  and 
perhaps  profit  by  it. 

The  group,  No.  20  presents  peasant's  dwell- 
ing-houses. Group  21  exhibits  national  house 
industry.  It  concerns  principally  pottery,  weav- 
ing, needle  work,  ornamental  work  in  metal, 
wood,  etc. 

Utilization  of  Refuse. 

A  very  interesting  and  useful  subject  in  the 
special  exhibition,  appears  to  be  "the  utiliza- 
tion of  refuse  stuff."  The  programme  says: 
The  consumption  of  soap,  paper,  the  extent  of 
letter  intercourse,  the  number  of  public  libraries, 
etc.,  is  often  pointed  out  as  an  indicator  of  the 
intellectual  condition  of  the  people,  and  just  so 


its  industrial  develop ement,  scientific  and  spec- 
ulative genius  might  be  measured  by  the  extent 
of  profitable  utilization  of  the  "refuse  stuff," 
The  realization  of  before  useless  waste  into  a 
useful  article,  auguments  the  common  wealth, 
not  only  by  consumption  of  refuse,  but  also  of 
such  stuff  that  often  appears  to  be  very  obnox- 
ious. 

So  for  instance  was  the  massive  refuse  of 
soda  works  a  great  nuisance ;  now  they  extract 
therefrom  sulphur,  and  the  remaining  lime  and 
gypsum  makes  a  valuable  material  for  agricul- 
ture. The  sour  manganese  solution  from  the 
fabrication  of  chlorate  of  lime,  that  was  turn- 
ed out  before,  produces  now  also  a  valuable 
material.  Coal  and  wood  tar  become  a  very 
useful  article  now-a-days,  many  important  in- 
gredients are  manufactured  therefrom;  benzine, 
parasine,  creosote,  carbolic  acid,  the  splendid 
aniline  colors,  etc.  The  glycerine  in  stearic 
acid  production  and  the  ammonia  from  light 
gas,  were  wasted  until  1850.  Woolen  rags,  be- 
fore partly  used  to  the  manufacture  of  cyanide 
of  j)otasium,  or  of  a  low  quality  of  paper,  but 
generally  valueless,  are  now  like  silk  and  cotton 
refuse,  raw  material  for  textile  industry,  etc. 

The  utlizatidn  of  refuse,  that  is  the  opening 
of  new  industrial  sources,  by  which  now  mill- 
ions are  realized,  while  formerly  millions  were 
expended  to  get  rid  of  it,  shows  the  deep  influ- 
ence of  science  on  the  popular  life. 

1.  Objects  that  are  considered  "refuse  "  will 
form  the  initial  articles  of  this  department.  2. 
With  reference  to  the  time,  embracing  this 
part,  it  corresponds  with  that  fixed  for  other 
groups,  that  is  the  year  1851  as  the  beginning. 
3.  In  accordance  with  the  system  adopted  for 
the  classification  of  the  general  exhibition,  to 
this  one  special  articles  are  admitted.  Refuse, 
occuring  in  each  group  of  industry,  and  on  the 
other  hand,  the  products  therefrom  obtained 
either  entirely  new,  better  or  cheaper,  upwards 
from-  the  year  1851.  The  single  number  of  this 
department  comprises  all  intermediate  articles 
or  members,  from  the  refuse  to  the  flushed  mar- 
ketable article. 

So  far  as  possible  the  exhibition  is  effected 
by  objects  in  natura,  but  where  this  should  ap- 
pear inadmisable,  a  graphic  representation  may 
be  given  in  its  place.  The  objects  should  be 
accompanied  by  a  description  of  process,  statis- 
tical representation  of  the  production,  the  name 
of  the  discoverer  or  improver  and  all  dates  re- 
fering  to  history  of  the  production.  The  exhibi- 
tion of 

II. — Contributions  to  the  History  of  Industry  and 
Invention 

Is  likewise  of  great  interest.  The  special  pro- 
gramme says :  Amongst  various  characteristic  ap- 
pearances of  the  19th  century  stands  prominent 
the  development  of  industry  and  in  the  closest 
connection  therewith  the  inventions  following 
each  other  without  interruption.  Owing  to  the 
animated  intercourse  between  science  and  life, 
more  so,  than  in  any  other  period,  a  progress 
and  change  of  unsurpassed  grandeur  and  wide> 
spreading  influence  is  observed  in  the  produc- 
tion generally,  but  especially  in  the  exclusive 
industrial  line.  What  surprising  transforma- 
tion has  been  effected  from  professional  hand 
trades,  into  fabries  and  manufactories  with  im- 
mense economical,  political  and  social  conse- 
quences, grand  structures,  breaking  through 
and  crossing  of  high  mountains,  uniting  oceans, 
changing  deserts  into  flourishing  settlements, 
and  a  great  many  modern  wonders,  all  achieved 
in  the  short  time  of  a  few  decennaries,  works 
that  would  have  required  centuries  in  olden 
times. 

These  brilliant  results  were  achieved  by  the 
aid  of  many  gifted  men;  but  their  names,  not 
all  are  known  to  us,  many  are  alienated  from 
us,  even  if  the  time  of  their  action  is  not  far  off 
yet.  One  might  say,  witnesses  of  daily  pro- 
gress, we  have  lost  the  faculty  of  maintaining 
the  claims  of  individuals  who  have  a  share  in 
the  great  development. 

It  seems,  therefore,  that  it  should  be  consid- 
ered the  aim  of  a  World's  Fair  to  take  cogniz- 
ance not  only  of  what  is  offered  by  the  present 
but  also  of  the  past  time,  so  as  to  revive  the 
memory  of  men,  to  whose  energy  and  skill  we 
owe  our  producing  faculty.  Being  in  itself  the 
identity  of  common  interests  of  all  nations,  a 
World's  Fair  should  take  up  everything  that 
may  foster  the  personality  of  mankind,  and 
what  field  in  this  respect  is  more  qualified  than 
that  of  inventions  and  industrial  products  ? 
This  consideration  originated  the  idea  of  this 
additional  exhibition.  There  are,  however, 
some  other  considerations  yet  in  favor  of  this 
addition.  Fashion  and  industry  are  closely 
connected  with  each  other.  Industry  has  a 
great  influence  on  the  fashion  and  leads  it  in 
certain  directions,  but  on  the  other  hand  a 
great  many  manufactured  articles  have  to 
assume  to  a  great  extent  a  character  as  dictated 
by  the  fashion. 

Industry  and  inventions  appear  so  intimately 
connected  as  to  be  considered  inseparable.  In- 
deed, now-a-days,  it  seems  almost  impossible  to 
draw  up  a  history  of  industry  without  taking 
notice  of  the  respective  inventions.  As  to  the 
space  of  time  within  which  this  exhibition  ex- 
tends, the  time  of  the  invention  of  the  steam 
engine  is  calculated  for  the  beginning;  conse- 
quently for  this  department  a  century  is  adopted. 
a,  by  machinery,  tools,  or  preparation  in  na- 
tura; inmodels  or  drawings;  and  description  of 
the  manipulation,  by  which  the  gradual  im- 
provement of  means,  or  of  the  way  of  working, 
is  explained ;  b,  by  industrial  productions, 
showing  a  prominent  influence  exerted  on  the 
fashion,  or  sustained  by  it;  c,  by  a  written  in- 
formation as  to  what  individuals  have  accom- 
plished by  introducing  a  better  economy,  by 
adoption  of  a  more  proper  working  system,  etc. ; 
d,  by  exhibiting  raw  and  crude  stuff  in  nature  ; 


such  as  have  been  introduced  into  the  arena  of 
industry  during  the  last  century.  The  objects 
of  each  number  should  be  accompanied  by  a 
description,  giving  the  name  and  biography  of 
him  who  made  himself  prominent  in  one  of  the 
above  four  directions.  This  additional  exhibi- 
tion offers  a  rare  chance  to 

California 
To  show  to  the  world,  what  an  intelligent,  en- 
terprising, go  ahead  people  can  accomplish  on 
the  field  of  industrial  progress  and  in  mining 
and  metallurgy  during,  not  a  century,  but  in 
course  of  twenty  years ;  or  referring  exclusively 
to  metallurgy,  in  twelve  years.  A  representa- 
tion of  our  development  in  the  above  branches 
would  fall  into  the  department  under  a,  and 
should  be  represented  by  models  of  a  size  suf- 
ficient to  show  it  perfect  in  all  details,  although 
some  parts  may  be  given  in  a  larger  or  natural 
size.  This  exhibition  should  consist  of  four 
groups.  1st.  Extraction  of  gold  in  placer 
mining.  2d.  Crushing  of  ores.  3d.  Extrac- 
tion of  gold  from  ores.  4th.  Extraction  of  sil- 
ver from  ores. 

The  Extraction  of  Gold  in  Placer  Mining 
Should  represent  the  tools  and  machines, 
used  in  the  infancy  of  our  mining,  beginning 
with  the  gold  pan  and  cradle,  showing  then  the 
gradual  development  by  means  of  the  long  torn, 
with  its  progressive  improvements,  sluicing, 
use  of  quicksilver,  riffles,  ground  river  sluicing 
and  so  forth  up  to  hydraulic  operations.  It 
would  be  very  instructive  to  add  samples  of 
gravel,  black  sand,  cement  and  other  material 
from  which  gold  is  extracted  by  washing;  sam- 
ples of  different  kinds  of  wash  gold  would  be 
doubtless  also  be  accepted  with  pleasure.  All 
could  be  arranged  in  a  natural  position  repre- 
senting also  the  ground  from  which  the  stuff  is 
used.  A  written  comprehensive  description  of 
the  way  of  working,  including  a  short  history, 
naming  the  inventors  or  improvers  of  import- 
ance, should  be  added. 

The  extraction  of  silver  and  gold  can  not  be 
executed  unless  pulverized,  for  this  reason  the 
next  number  should  be 

Crushing  of  Ore. 

In  1851  our  principal  means  of  crushing  con- 
sisted in  arastras,  in  the  primitive  Mexicanstyle, 
consuming  one  week's  time  to  pulverize  one  or 
two  tons  of  quartz.  Limited  as  this  institution 
is  in  its  grinding  faculty,  it  was  nevertheless 
considerably  improved,  not  only  in  saving 
time  while  cleaning  up  by  introducing  iron 
bottoms  that  were  lined  with  stone,  but  also  its 
grinding  capacity  increased  by  enlarging  the 
size,  proper  management  of  the  grinders,  in- 
creased speed,  etc.  The  rapid  discovery  ofjgold 
quartz  ledges  called  quite  a  legion  of  all  sorts 
of  grinding  and  crushing  contrivances  into  the 
field.  The  English  rollers,  and  clumsy  stamps 
after  the  English  and  German  style,  were  the 
principal  means  of  reduction.  After  a  short 
struggle  all  these  numerous  apparatus  had  to 
give  way  to  stamps,  as  the  most  suitable  and 
most  effective  crushing  contrivance  A  grad- 
ual but  wonderful  improvement  was  effected 
in  this  line,  and  now-a-days  the  California 
stamp  batteries  are  superior  to  all  others.  Rep- 
resented by  models  in  all  its  phases  of  develop- 
ment from  the  beginning  to  the  present  time, 
this  exhibition  would  be  admired  by  the  whole 
mining  world.  Take  only  the  original  tappet 
and  its  troublesome  way  of  fastening,  and  the 
stem  prepared  for  this  purpose,  the  fastening 
of  the  dies,  the  construction  and  arrangement 
of  cams,  frame,  foundation,  etc.,  and  compare 
it  with  batteries  of  the  present  time,  the  ex- 
pression '  'wonderful' '  will  be  quite  proper. 

Extraction  of  Gold  from  Ores. 

This  part,  although  somewhat  limited,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  unifoim  appearance  of  gold, 
confined  principally  to  two  conditions,  either 
free,  or  combined  with  sulphuret  of  iron,  will 
furnish  a  series  of  interesting  improvements 
nevertheless.  The  different  application  of  cop- 
per plates  in  and  outside  the  battery,  amalga- 
mating contrivances,  blanket  sluices  and  the 
different  means  of  treating  the  blanket  stuff 
with  all  the  improvements  connected  with  the 
amalgamation,  the  improved  contrivances  for 
chloridizing  gold  sulphurets  permits  a  very  in- 
structive display  of  models. 

Extraction  of  Silver  from  Silver  Ores. 

The  beginning  of  this  branch  of  mining  in- 
dustry on  the  Pacific  coast,  dates  to  the  year 
1861,  based  on  amalgamation.  The  mode  of 
extraction  soon  split  in  two  directions,  that  is, 
with  and  without  roasting;  and  in  both  ways  a 
rapid  progress  crowned  theunwearied  exertions 
of  "talented  men.  The  European  barrel  and  the 
American  heap  amalgamation  (Fatio,)  nearly 
disappeared,  and  gave  way  to  the  "  home  insti- 
tution" pan  amalgamation.  The  pan  amalga- 
mation was  started  with  charges  of  50  pounds, 
now  we  have  charges  from  one  to  three  tons, 
and  exceptionally  treating  tailings,  even  eight 
tons  make  a  single  charge.  But  before  this  re- 
sult was  obtained,  hundreds  of  different  plans 
combined  with  heavy  expenses  were  carried  out; 
numberless  obstacles  overpowered  by  prese- 
verence  and  continual  labor.  The  improve- 
ments and  changes  in  pan  amalgamation  have  a 
mechanical  and  metallurgical  character,  and 
are  very  numerous,  The  different  kinds  of 
pans  of  special  merit  with  temporary  changes, 
the  mode  of  amalgamation,  cleaning  and  amal- 
gam, retorting,  the  mode  of  roasting  with  the 
principal  furnaces  should  be  presented  by 
models  and  description,  but  a  special  interest 
would  be  to  conclude  the  exhibition  a  this  part 
by  a  model  of  a  complete  mill,  with  all  modern 
improvements. 

To  carry  out  this  proposition,  nothing  is  in 
the -way  but  want  of  funds.  Where  is  a  Cali- 
fornia Peabody? 


June  15,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


375 


UsEfllL     IflFO^plVpON. 


To   Shave  Scientifically. 

Never  fail  to  wash  your  beard  with  soup  and 
water  and  to  rub  it  dry,  immediately  before  you 
apply  the  lather,  of  which  the  more  you  one, 
ami  the  thicker  it  IB,  the  easier  you  will  shave. 

Never  lino  warm  water,  which  iiuikes  a  tender 
face.  In  euld  weather,  when  it  is  inconvenient 
to  warm  your  ntzur  otherwise, place  It,  closed, 
in  your  pocket  or  under  your  arm  to  warm  it. 
ui-nt  you  have  your  bed  (or  bath)  is 
the  best  time  1  r*  shavo. 

Always  wipe  your  razor  clean,  and  strap  it 
before  putting  it  away;  and  always  pat  your 
shuviug  brush  away  with  the  lather  011  it. 

The  razor  (being  only  a  veryfiuoaaw)  should 
be  moved  in  a  (duping  or  sawing  direction,  and 
held  nearly  flat  to  your  face,  cure  being  token 
to  draw  the  akin  aj  tight  as  possible  with  the 
lefl  band,  so  as  to  present  an  even  surface,  and 
to  throw  out  the  beard. 

The  practice  01  pressing  on  the  edge  of  a 
razor  in  stropping  it  soon  rounds  it;  the  press- 
are  should  be  directed  to  the  back,  which 
should  never  be  raised  from  the  strop.  If  you 
shave  from  heel  t"  point  of  the  razor,  strop  it 
from  point  to  heel;  Dot  if  you  begin  with  the 
point  ni  shaving,  then  strop  it  from  heel  to 
point. 

If  you  only  once  put  away  your  razor  with- 
it,  or  otherwise  perfectly  cleaning 
■■,  you  must  ho  longer  expect  to  shove 
well  and  easy,  the  soap  and  dump  so  soon  rust 
the  fine  teeth  and  e9ge. 

A  piece  of  soft  plate  leather  should  always 
be  kept  with  razors,  to  wipe  them  with. 

A  Supposed  Feeak  of  Natuee. — A  Yicks- 
burg  paper  furnishes  the  following  as  a  freak  of 
nature.  Tho  item  is  having  a  very  general  circu- 
lation through  the  newspapers; — Upon  a  spot 
where  had  been  buried  a  soldier  who  fell  at 
Champion  Hill,  who  was  bnried  in  his  blood, 
grew  a  peach  tree  that  had  reached  maturity, 
while  its  roots  steeped  themselves  in  the  mar- 
tyr's blood.  Singular  to  relate,  the  leaves  and 
fruit  of  this  tree  are  a  blood-red  color.  The 
tree  was  transplanted,  and  is  now  in  an  orchard 
in  this  country.  The  propagations  from  the 
tree  ore  of  the  same  peculiar  color.  There  is 
something  very  pocuUar  about  this.  We  have 
seen  the  leaves,  and  must  confess  that  they  do 
look  and  even  (to  us)  smell  like  blood.  The 
fact  can  be  witnessed  by  those  taking  the 
trouble." 

There  is  a  variety  of  the  peach  which  very 
fully  answers  the  above  description,  and  it 
don't  always  grow  on  a  soldier's  or  any  other 
grave;  although  such  a  locality,  especially  if  it 
was  a  mellow  one,  would  most  probably 
greatly  improve  the  appearance  of  both  tree 
and  fruit,  and  especially  its  peculiarly  distinct- 
ive character  of  redness. 

"What  a  Piano  is  Made  op. — A  writer  has  ta- 
ken the  trouble  to  give  the  actual  material  use* 
in  constructing  a  piano-forte.  In  every  instru- 
ment there  are  fifteen  kinds  of  wood,  namely, 
pine,  maple,  spruce,  cherry,  walnut,  white- 
wood,  apple,  basswood,  and  birch,  all  of  which 
are  indigenous,  and  mahogany,  ebony,  holly, 
cedar,  beech,  and  rosewood,  from  Honduras, 
Ceylon,  England,  South- America,  and  Ger- 
many. In  this  combination  elasticity,  strength, 
pliability,  toughness,  resonance,  lightness, 
durability,  and  beauty  are  individual  quali- 
ties, and  the  general  result  is  voice. 

There  are  also  used  of  the  metals,  iron,  steel, 
brass,  white-metal,  gun-metal,  and  lead.  There 
are  in  the  same  instrument  of  seven  and  a  half 
octaves,  when  completed,  two  hundred  and 
fourteen  strings,  making  a  total  length  of  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-seven  feet  of  steel  wire, 
and  five  hundred  feet  of  white  (covered)  wire. 
The  total  number  of  strings,  when  properly 
stretched  to  produce  the  right  tone,  exert  a  pull 
of  over  ten  tons;  this  represents  the  force  with 
which  one  end  of  the  piano  is  drawn  towards 
the  other  end,  and  it  explains  the  reason  why 
good  pianos  are  built  so  strong  and  so  heavy. 
Such  a  piano  will  weigh  from  nine  hundred  to 
one  thousand  pounds,  and  will  last,  with  con- 
stant use,  (not  abuse)  twenty  to  twenty-five 
years. 

For  Re-Shaepentng  Files. — The  following 
is  given  by  au  exchange  as  useful  and  effective; 
but  we  have  not  tried  it: — Wash  the  files  in  a 
solution  of  warm  water  and  potash  until  thor- 
oughly cleansed,  after  which  wash  the  files  in 
warm  water;  then  put  one  pint  of  warm  water 
in  a  wooden  dish,  in  which  place  as  many  files 
as  the  water  will  cover ;  add  to  this  two  ounces 
of  borax  and  two  of  blue  vitrol,  finely  pulver- 
ized together.  Stir  up  the  files  well  and  add 
two  ounces  of  sulphuric  acid  by  weight;  to  this 
add  one-quarter  ounce  of  vinegar.  The  files 
will  turn  red.  When  they  again  resume  their 
natural  color,  take  them  out  and  wash  them 
in  cold  water,  after  which  they  must  be  thor- 
oughly oiled  with  sweet  oil,  and  wrapped  sing- 
ly in  brown  wrapping  paper  which  will  absorb 
the  oil  from  the  files. 

A  French  economist  says,  in  his  opinion 
Egypt  alone  can  hide  away  $20,000,000  of  gold 
and  silver  annually,  and  the  present  Emperor 
of  Morrocco  is  so  addicted  to  this  avaricious 
mania  that  he  has  filled  seventeen  large  cham- 
bers with  the  precious  metal. 

Pbize  Offer. — The  Agricultural  Society  of 
France  offers  a  prize  of  2,000  francs  and  a 
medal  for  the  best  memoir  "On  the  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Irrigation."  The  papers  are  to  be 
sent  to  the  Secretary  before  the  ending  of  this 
year. 


How  to  Sharpen  a  Screw-Driver. 

The  screw-driver  is  found  not  mdy  in  tho 
toot-eheetof  every  mechanic,  but  in  most  houses, 
and  offices.  It  ranks  with  the  hummer,  the 
saw,  and  tho  ax  in  general  utility,  and  yet 
few  persons  know  anything  about  how  it  shonld 
be  sharpened  so  as  to  do  its  work  most  effi- 
ciently— that  is,  with  the  least  expenditure  of 
power,  and  the  least  injury  to  tho  heads  of  the 
screws, 

In  driviug  a  screw  into  wood,  the  force  nsed 
to  press  the  screw-driver  against  tho  head  of  the 
screw,  tends  to  aid  the  latter  in  penetrating  the 
wood,  but  when  we  attempt  to  extract  a  screw, 
every  pound  of  pressure  that  wo  apply  tends  to 
render  it  more  difficult  to  get  the  screw  out. 
It  therefore  becomes  very  important  that  the 
screw  driver  should  be  so  formed   that  it  may 

Fh,.  l.    Fig.  2.     Fig.  3. 


Qood  HEV-TH- 


be  kept  in  the  nick  of  the  screw  by  the  exortion 
of  the  very  least  degree  of  force,  for  if  it  has  any 
tendency  to  slip  out,  we  can  keep  it  in  place 
only  by  applying  pressure,  in  which  case  we  run 
great  risk  of  injunng  the  nick  and  rendering  it 
impossible  to  draw  the  screw. 

If  we  examine  a  screw-driver  in  the  condition 
in  which  it  is  so  ordinarily  found,  we  shall  find 
that  it  presents  a  section  like  that  shown  in  fig. 
1,  in  which  the  sides  of  the  wedge,  in  which  all 
screw-drivers  terminate,  are  curves  with  the 
convex  sides  outwards.  Now,  the  effect  of  thus 
curving  the  sides  of  this  wedge,  is  to  render  it 
greatly  more  obtuse.  Moreover,  when  we  turn 
the  screw-driver,  the  tendency  to  slip  out  of  the 
nick  is  just  in  proportion  to  the  obtuseness  or 
blnntness  of  the  wedge,  and  therefore  this  form 
is  the  very  worst  that  can  be  chosen.  In  the 
hands  of  good  workmen,  therefore,  we  find  that 
the  screw-driver  ends  in  a  wedge  of  which  the 
sides  are  perfectly  straight,  like  fig.  2.  This  is 
a  very  good  form,  but  is  not  equal  to  fig.  3,  in 
which  the  sides  of  the  wedge  are  curves,  but 
the  concave  sides  turned  outwards.  In  this  way 
we  lessen  the  obtuseness  of  the  wedge  at  the  ex- 
treme point  and  produce  a  turn-screw  which 
may  be  kept  in  the  nick  by  the  least  possible 
pressure  endwise. 

To  grind  a  screw-driver  into  this  form,  it  is 
necessary  to  use  a  very  small  grindstone,  and 
many  of  the  artificial  stones  found  in  market 
answer  admirably.  Many  mechanics  would  find 
it  to  their  advantage  to  keep  one  of  these  small 
grindstones  for  the  purpose,  as  it  could  be  run 
in  the  lathe  with  very  little  trouble; 

Something  About  Tongues. — Nothing  but  the 
proboscis  of  an  elephant  compares  in  muscular 
flexibility  with  the  tongue.  It  varies  in  length 
and  size  in  reptiles,  birds,  and  inamalia,  accord- 
ing to  the  peculiar  organic  circumstance  of 
each.  A  giraffe's  tongue  has  the  functions  of  a 
finger.  It  is  hooked  over  a  high  branch,  its 
strength  being  equal  to  breaking  off  large 
strong  branches  or  trees,  from  which  the  ten- 
der leaves  are  then  stripped.  An  ant-bears 
tongue  is  long  and  round,  like  a  whip-lash. 
The  animal  tears  open  dry,  clay  walls  of  ant- 
hills, thrusts  in  his  tongue,  which  sweeps 
round  the  apartments,  and  by  its  adhesive 
saliva  brings  out  ayardof  ants  at  a  swoop.  The 
mechanism  by  which  it  is  protruded  so  far  is 
both  complicated  andbeautiful.  A  dog's  tongue 
in  lapping  water  takes  a  form  by  a  mere 
act  of  volition  that  cannot  be  imitated  by  any 
ingenious  mechanism.  The  human  tongue  in 
the  articulation  of  language  surpasses  in  variety 
of  motions  the  wildest  emotions  of  a  poet. 
Even  in  swallowing  food  its  office  is  so  extra- 
ordinary that  physiologists  cannot  explain  the 
phenomena  of  deglutition  without  employing 
the  aid  of  several  sciences. — Hall's  Journal  of 
Health.         

Brain  Wore. — Brain-work  costs  more  food 
than  hand-work.  According  to  careful  esti- 
mates and  analysis  of  the  excretions,  three 
hours  of  hard  study  wear  out  the  body  more 
than  a  whole  day  of  severe  physical  labor.  An- 
other evidence  of  the  cost  of  brain-work  is  ob- 
tained from  the  fact  that  though  the  brain  is 
only  one-fortieth  the  weight  of  the  body  it  re- 
ceives about  one-fifth  of  all  the  blood  sent  by 
the  heart  into  the  system.  Brain-workers 
therefore  require  a  more  liberal  supply  of  food, 
and  richer  food,  than  manual  laborers. 


Nature  of  the  Brain. 

It  is  a  law  of  organic  lifo,  traceable  from  the 
lowest  specimens  of  the  animal  kingdom, 
through  all  the  ascending  series,  to  the  highest 
type  of  the  human  being,  that,  in  tho  ascend- 
ing scale,  the  softer  and  more  fluid  tissues 
gain  on  the  more  dense  and  solid;  and  that  the 
oerebrb-spinol  nerve  tissue  gains  upon  all 
other  tissues.  Thus  man,  the  crowning  work 
of  organic  creation  (for  the  present  at  faaftt) 
has  a  brain  substance  vastly  disproportionate 
to  that  of  any  animal,  and  the  brain  is  composed 
of  only  one  part  of  solid  matter  to  seven  or 
eight  of  fluid. 

A  recognition  of  this  law  leads  us  to  some  very 
important  practical  considerations.  Tho  capa- 
bility of  any  auimal  or  person  to  enjoy  or  suffer 
is  in  the  ratio  of  the  cerebral  development. 
Hence  a  large  animal  with  powerfnl  muscles 
may  struggle  violently  yet  sutler  little  pain; 
while  a  human  being  with  weak  muscles  and 
large  "vitativeness,"  may  suffer  excruciating 
pain  without  manifesting  much  muscular  effort. 

If  this  principle  were  understood,  those 
praiseworthy  "Societies  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cruelty  to  Animals,"  might  establish  a  branch 
or  department  for  the  benefit  of  human  beings; 
for  there  is  in  every  large  city  in  the  world, 
more  cruelty  practiced  on  human  beings  every 
day  in  the  year,  than  on  all  the  animals  in  all 
creation  during  a  whole  year. 

Another  lesson  deducible  from  these  premises 
is  the  mistaken  notion  about  overworked 
brains.  They  cannot  be  overworked.  They 
suffer  little  "wear  and  tear,"  because  of  exer- 
cise. Being  soft  and  almost  fluid,  and  having 
no  duties  but  thinking  and  feeling,  their  mo- 
tions are  almost  as  free  and  frietionless  as  the 
drops  of  water  which  may  toss  and  tumble  for 
ever  without  injury. 

It  is  the  nutritive  system  that  is  at  fault — the 
assimilating  and  disintegrating  functions — and 
not  the  brain,  when  a  person  complains  of  too 
much  head  work.  Let  him  keep  his  vital  ma- 
chinery in  order,  and  he  may  work  his  brain  to 
the  utmost  without  harming  it. — Science  of 
Jlealth. 


Plant  Life  in  Town. 

The  health  of  towns  has  become  a  hackneyed 
subject,  but  we  seldom  hear  about  the  health  of 
plants  in  towns.  Vet  the  two  are  not  only  nearly 
correllatod,    but    well-nigh    identical.       Were 

Idants  healthy,  the  inhabitants  would  probably 
>e  likewise,  and  the  obverse  is  true.  Towns  in 
or  near  to  which  plants  rofuse  to  thrive  are  also 
those  ne  .st  fatal  to  man.  The  primary  founda- 
tions of  health  in  both  are  heat,  light,  food, 
cleanliness,  pure  air  and  suitable  weather. 
With  the  single  exception  of  heat,  which,  in  tho 
open  air,  may  be  assumed  to  be  nearly  equal  in 
town  and  country,  it  must  be  admitted  that 
large  towns  imperil  the  purity,  lessen  the  quan- 
tity, and  interrupt  the  constancy  of  most  if  not 
all  the  other  essentials  of  health.  In  many 
large  towns  the  light  of  the  sun  is  obscured  for 
more  than  one-half  its  shining  hours.  There- 
fore, who  can  wonder  at  the  pale  faces  which 
one  finds  among  men,  women  and  children,  and 
the  shabby  aspect  of  plants  in  towns  ?  Heat  is 
the  great  quickner,  light  the  chief  strengthener 
of  plants.  The  reason  so  many  die  in  dwelling- 
houses  is  that  they  have  so  little  light.  They 
linger,  pine,  and  refuse  to  grow  in  many  towns 
for  the  same  reason.  The  pestilence  that  kills 
plants  by  thousands  is  bred  of  that  semi-dark- 
ness which  hangs  as  a  death-pall  over  so  many 
of  our  smoke-capped  cities.  When  that  dark- 
ness flies  before  the  rigid  enforcement  of  a 
smoke-prevention  act  applied  to  every  fire,  then 
will  plants  in  towns  rejoico,  bo  clothed  with  new 
strength  and  adorned  with  fresh  beauty. —  The 
Garden, 


Sound  Teeth. — Mushes,  gruels,  puddings, 
andsoups,  may  be  made  hygienically.  Butthey 
should  also  be  eaten  hygienically.  They  must 
be  chewed,  not  bolted.  The  nursing  infant 
masticates  its  mother's  milk,  for  which  purpose 
it  takes  it  6lowly,  drop  by  drop.  Mastication 
is  for  the  purpose  of  insalivation.  Unless  food 
is  properly  insalivated,  it  cannot  be  well  di- 
gested. The  teeth  are  the  finest,  densest  struc- 
ture of  the  body,  and  this  means  that  they  are 
intended  for  hard  work. 

Eat  solid  food  at  every  meal;  and  when  you 
take  semi-liquid,  or  very  soft  food  of  any  kind, 
eat  very  slowly  and  take  a  bit  of  hard  bread, 
cracker,  a  green  apple,  or  something  similar, 
with  it.  Then  will  your  stomach  please  and  be 
pleased,  and  your  teeth,  like  your  eyes  and 
nose,  and  fingers  and  toes,  will  remain  to  bless 
and  comfort  you  to  the  last.  If  all  persons, 
after  being  weaned,  would  only  chew  their  food 
enough,  we  should  hear  very  little  of  aching  and 
rotting  teeth,  and  dentists  would  be  nowhere. — 
Science  of  Health. 

Sprains  and  Bruises. — These  injuries  are 
sometimes  very  distressing  and  their  conse- 
quences very  serious.  The  dense  ligaments  and 
membranes  of  the  joints  swell,  and  sometimes 
inflame,  as  the  result  of  local  injuries,  and  the 
pain  is  often  extreme.  But,  simple  water  is 
about  all  the  treatment  needed.  It  should, 
however,  be  of  a  temperature  adapted  to  the 
circumstances,  the  indication  being  to  unload 
the  congested  vessels  of  the  injured  part  as 
much  as  possible^  If  the  part  is  hot  and  pain- 
ful apply  cold  water  or  cold  wet  cloths,  fre- 
quently renewed,  until  the  heat  becomes 
normal.  If  there  is  pain  or  tenderness  without 
increased  heat,  apply  fomentations  until  the 
pain  is  relieved.  All  the  after  dosing  required 
in  either  case  is  a  wet  cloth  covered  with  a  dry 
one,  and  worn  until  all  tenderness  is  gone. 
This  simple  treatment  will  do  all  that  any  med- 
ication can  do,  and  is  better  than  all  the  lini- 
ments and  lotions,  plasters  and  poultices,  that 
were  ever  invented. 


Lead  Poisoning. — Since  attention  has  been 
directed  to  the  subject,  cases  of  lead  poisoning, 
traceable  to  the  use  of  hair-preparations  con- 
taining lead,  are  found  to  be  very  frequent.  A 
case  of  this  sort  was  recently  reported  in  the 
medical  journals,  which  was  at  first  mistaken 
for  muscular  rheumatism,  and  treated  as  such 
with  but  slight  amendment.  Paralysis  of  the 
extensor  muscles  of  the  fingers  and  hands,  with 
"wrist-drop"  coming  on,  the  true  nature  of  the 
affection  was  seen,  and  its  cause  readily  found 
in  the  frequent  use  of  a  hair-renewer  contain- 
ing a  large  proportion  of  sugar  of  lead.  No 
lines  were  seen  upon  the  gums,  but  attacks  of 
colic  had  been  frequent.  Discontinuance  of 
the  hair-dresssing,  and  a  resort  to  the  ordinary 
remedies,  soon  affected  a  cure. 


Old  Leather. — What  becomes  of  all  the  old 
leather?  The  scraps  and  trimmings  that  fall 
from  the  shoemakers'  bench  are  collected  and 
sold  for  the  purpose  of  being  converted  into 
"leather  board"  to  give  thickness,  but  not 
value,  to  the  soles   of  cheap   shoes.     The   up- 

Eers  of  old  boots  and  shoes  that  are  not  too 
adly  worn,  are  removed  from  the  demoralized 
soles  and  made  to  do  duty  as  shoes  with  new 
soles.  Thousands  of  such  uppers  are  sold  in 
the  various  shoe  marts  of  the  country. 

Potash  from  Corn  Cobs. — Dr.  Herbert  Haz- 
zard  suggests  the  use  of  corn  cobs  for  supply- 
ing potash,  the  ordinary  sources  of  which  are 
rapidly  failing.  The  average  yield  of  corn 
cobs  is  7.62  parts  of  carbonate  of  potash  in 
1,000  parts  of  the  cobs,  which  is  nearly  twice 
as  much  as  the  best  kinds  of  wood  will  furnish. 
The  present  supply  of  cobs  would  furnish  near- 
ly 58,000  tons  of  potash. 


What  is  Insanity  ? — At  a  murder  trial  in 
Memphis,  Ky.,  wherein  an  attempt  to  establish 
insanity  was  made  on  the  part  of  the  defence. 
Dr.  J.  R.  Allen  was  called  as  an  expert,  and 
testified  as  follows :  "I  have  been  a  practicing 
physician  for  nearly  thirty  years;  I  have  had 
some  experience  in  cases  of  insanity,  having 
been  for  ten  years  medical  superintendent  of 
the  Kentucky  Lunatic  Asylum,  and  during  that 
time  had  over  2,000  crazy  people  under  my 
charge;  I  have  heard  the  hypothetical  case 
read  by  Mr.  Phelan;  I  am  here  as  an  expert, 
and  before  answering  the  question  would  like 
to  say  that  the  more  I  studied  the  qestion  of  in- 
sanity the  less  I  understood  it,  and  if  you  ask 
me  where  it  begins  and  where  it  ends,  neither  I 
nor  any  physician  in  the  world  could  tell  you; 
in  fact,  on  occasions  like  this,  lawyers  make 
fools  of  themselves  in  trying  to  make  asses  of 
doctors." 


Bath  Treatment  foe  the  Small-Pox. — An 
instance  of  the  effect  of  the  bath  treatment  for 
small-pox  is  thus  described  by  Dr.  Stokes,  of 
Dublin:  In  a  very  severe  case  of  confluent 
small-pox  in  which  the  patient  was  kept  alive 
only  by  stimulants,  the  trial  of  the  warm  bath 
was  suggested.  The  effect  was  instantaneous 
and  marvellous.  The  delirium  ceased  as  if  by 
magic.  It  was  the  delirium  of  pain;  and  the 
patient  exclaimed:  "Thank  God!  thank  God  ! 
I  am  in  heaven  !  I  am  in  heaven  !  Why  did'nt 
you  do  this  before  V  "  The  fetor  immediately 
and  completely  disappeared,  so  that,  om  enter- 
ing the  ward,  no  one  could  suppose  that  there 
was  a  case  of  small-pox  in  it.  He  was  kept  at 
least  seven  hours  in  the  bath. 


How  to  Make  a  New  Nose. — The  method 
usually  practiced  is  as  follows;  A  small  place 
is  opened  upon  the  arm,  between  the  elbow  and 
shoulder.  The  arm  is  then  brought  up  to  the 
stump  of  the  nose,  which  is  inserted  in  the  cav- 
ity previously  made.  The  arm  is  next  tied  to 
the  head,  and  allowed  to  remain  in  that  posi- 
tion until  the  nose  and  arm  grows  together, 
which  ordinarily  occurs  in  less  than  a  month. 
Another  amputation  then  takes  place,  which 
leaves  plenty  of  good  flesh  sticking  to  the  nose, 
and  this,  when  trimmed,  is  a  nose  as  good — 
sometimes  better  in  a  point  of  symmetry  and 
beauty — than  the  individual  ever  possessed  be- 
ore. 


AESoErnoN  by  Bones. — M.  C.  Robin  states 
that  matters  injected  into  the  spongy  tissue  of 
bones  in 'the  living  subject  are  absorbed  as 
rapidly  as  if  they  were  introduced  directly  into 
the  veins,  from  which  he  inferred  that  this 
spongy  tissue  is  in  direct  connection  with  the 
veins. 


*  Stimulants  and  Naecotics. — A  recent  Ger- 
man treatise  on  stimulants  and  narcotics  esti- 
mates that  infusion  of  coffee  leaves  is  used  by 
two  million  persons,  Paraguay  tea  by  ten  mill- 
ion persons,  chicory,  either  pure  or  mixed  with 
coffee,  by  forty  million  persons,  cocoa,  either 
as  chocolate  or  in  some  other  form,  by  fifty  mill- 
ion persons,  and  coffee  by  one  hundred  million 
persons.  Betel  is  chewed  by  one  hundred  mill- 
ion persons,  hasheesh  is  chewed  or  smoked  by 
three  hundred  million  persons,  and  opium  is 
used  by  four  hundred  million  persons.  Chinese 
tea  is  drank  by  five  hundred-  million  persons, 
and  tobacco  is  smoked,  chewed  or  snuffed  by 
the  greater  part  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  world. 

Foe  Reptile  Bites. — One  tablespoonful  of 
gunpowder;  one  tablespoonful  of  salt;  the  yel- 
low of  one  egg.  Heat  them  altogether,  so  as  to 
form  a  plaster,  and  apply  to  the  wound.  A  yel- 
low water  will  issue,  and  when  the  plaster  be- 
comes soaked  -with  the  poison  it  will  fall  off. 
Renew  the  plaster  until  it  will  adhere  to  the 
wound,  which  is  evident  that  the  poison  has  all 
been  drawn,  The  above  is  said  to  be  a  very  ef- 
fective antidote, 

Foe  Stings  of  Insects.— A  good,  convenient 
and  very  effectual  remedy  for  the  stings  of 
wasps,  bees,  etc.,  is  simply  to  hold  any  hollow 
key,  over  the  place  stung,  press  it  hard  into  the 
flesh  for  a  minute  or  so,  and  when  taken  off, 
the  poison  will  be  on  the  surface  of  the  flesh 
and  do  no  harm.  A  thimble  with  a  tight  top 
will  do  but  not  quite  as  well. 

Infallible  Remedies  . — For  corns,  easy 
shoes;  for  bile,  exercise;  for  rheumatism,  new 
flannel  and  patience;  for  gout,  toast  and  water; 
for  the  toothache,  a  dentist;  for  debt,  industry; 
and  for  love,  matrimony. 


376 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  15,  1872. 


.SENIOR  EDITOR. 


DEWEY  «&  CO.,  Piiblisliers. 


A.  T.  DEWEY, 
W.  B.  EWER, 


GEO.  H.  STHONQ, 
JNO.  I..  BOONE. 


Office,  No.  338  Monteromery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
Wells,  Farg-o  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising  Kates,  —lweek.  lmonth.    3  months.   I  year. 

Perline .25  .80  $2.00         $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00       $3.00  7.50        20.00 

Oneincn .2.00         5.00  14.00         88.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
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names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  our  risk. 

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Illustrations  and  Reports  of  Mining  Enterprises 
Wanted.— Drawings  or  photographs  of  mining  works  that 
are  of  gBneral  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  journal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  anil 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  of  special  interest, 
are  also'  desired.  Sketohes  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  very  acceptable. 


San  Francisco: 

Saturday  Morning,  June  15,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 

San  Francisco,  Wednesday,  June  13,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying,  88 H;  selling,  89.  Gold  in  New  York 
to-day.  114.  


EDITORIALS.— Narrow  Gauge  vs.  Broad  Gauge,  376. 
Mechanics' Institute;  The  Paul  Process.  377- 

ILLUSTEATiONS  — The  Hydraulic  Ram,  369.  Knspp'B 
Hod  Carrier;  Adjustable  Gearing,  377. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— The  Manufacture  of  Tea,  370. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— A  Waning  Star;  Measuring 
the  Light  of  Stars,  371- 

MECHANICAL  PKOGRES.— Granite  Worts  of  the  An- 
cients; A  Short  Coal  Supply;  Artificial  Leather;  Im- 
provement of  the  Steam  EDgine;  A  Now  Kind  of  Flint 
Glass;  Cutting  Marble,  371- 

MINING  SUMMARY— Reports  from  mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Direotory, 

USEFUL*  INFORMATION —To  Shave  Scientifically; 
A  Supposed  Freak  of  Nature;  What  A  Piano  is  Made 
Of;  For  Re-Sharpening  Files;  How  to  Sharpen  a 
Screw-Driver;  Something  About  Tongues;  Brain 
Work;  OldLeather,  375. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Nature  of  the  Brain;  Sound  Teeth; 
Sprains  and  Bruises;  What  is  Insanity;  Absorption 
by  Bones;  Plant  Life  in  Town;  Lead  Poisoning;  Bath 
Treatment  for  the  Small-Pox;  How  to  Make  A  New 
Nose;  Stimulents  and  Narcotics;  For.Reptile  Bites, 
375. 

DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.— Hints  About  House  Clean- 
ing; What  Food  is  Most  Wholsome;  Premium  Bread; 
Woman's  Drudgery;  Portable  Kitchen;  Extract  of 
Coffee;  380. 

MIS  ELLANEOUS—  James  Davenport Whclpley;  Min- 
ing Companes' Reports;  Thelnstitute  of  Mining  En- 
gineers; Important  Mining  Decision;  An  "  Interna- 
tional Laboratory, "  370.  Vienna  World's  Fair,  374- 
Patents  and  Inventions;  New  Incorporations;  Increase 
of  Capital  Stock;  Meetings  and  Elections,  380. 


Heavy  Blast. — Dispatches  from  Dutch  Flat 
dated  the  9th  inst.,  state  that  a  blast  of  2,500 
pounds  of  Hercules  powder  was  exploded  in  the 
Gray  Bro's.  claim  on  that  day.  The  entire 
bank,  77  feet  high  and  containing  142,000  cu- 
bio  yards  of  firmly  cemented  gravel  was  thrown 
down.  The  powder  was  from  the  California 
Powder  Works.  The  drifts  were  under  the 
superintendence  of  J.  W.  Millard,  of  the  pow- 
der company,  and  the  blast  was  fired  by  E  .  H 
McCfure,  by  electricity. 

Alaska  Coal. — The  bill  for  the  sale  of  coal 
lands  has  been  amended  so  as  to  exclude 
Alaska;  for  what  reason  we  are  not  informed. 
It  is  understood  that  there  aTe  extensive  coal 
fields  in  our  newly  acquired  Territory,  and  we 
see  no  reason  why  citizens  might  not  purchase 
mines  there  as  well  as  any  where  else  in  the 
United  States.  We  import  large  quantities  of 
coal,  and  new  fields  properly  opened  in  our 
own  country  would  be  advantageous  not  only 
to  the  owners  but  to  consumers. 


Libbabies  foe  the  People. — Austria  has  de- 
cided (in  her  new  school-law)  to  attach  libra- 
ries to  public  schools,  these  librariesto  be  open 
not  only  to  the  scholars  but  also  to  adults  under 
certain  conditions.  In  the  country  this  will  be 
of  great  importance,  and  in  this  educational 
measure  Austria  leads  other  nations.  In  order 
to  aid  in  the  formation  of  such  libraries,  socie- 
ties and  private  individuals  are  subscribing 
considerable  sums  of  money. 

Nevada  Foukdby.— McCone's  Foundry,  near 
Silver  City,  Nev.,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire 
a  short  time  since,  is  not  to  be  rebuilt,  but  the 
owner  has  purchased  the  Fulton  Foundry  on 
the  Divide  and  will  continue  his  business  there. 
The  establishment  is  in  good  order  and  contains 
first  class  machinery  capable  of  turning  out  all 
classes  of  work. 


On  File. — "Nevada  State  Mines.' 


Narrow  Gauge  vs.  Wide  Gauge. 

It  is  becoming  more  apparent  every  day 
to  the  people  of  this  Coast  that  we  are  in 
great  need  of  cheaper  railroads — railroads 
which,  if  built  by  others  for  us,  can  be 
constructed  without  the  necessity  of  enor- 
mous subsidies;  best  of  all,  railroads  which 
can  be  built  by  the  people  for  the  people. 
The  cost  of  roads  of  the  present  common 
gauge  outs  off  without  question  many  re- 
gions from  the  hope  of  railroad  transpor- 
tation for  years  to  oome.  To  pay  $50,000 
to  $70,000  per  mile  for  construction  is  far 
beyond  the  ability  of  the  inhabitants. 
Eoads  cannot  be  run  thither  until  the  pop- 
ulation is  far  greater,  and  population  will 
not  go  thither  until  the  roads  are  built — 
which  looks  bad  for  the  "  rapidly  growing 
prosperity,"  of  which  we  are  so  fond  of 
talking,  of  those  sections. 

The  question  has  often  been  mooted  as 
to  the  possibility,  in  such  cases,  of  con- 
structing narrow  gauge  roads,  and  as  to 
the  economy  of  such  over  those  of  wide 
gauge.  The  controversyhas  been  actively 
carried  on  during  the  past  two  years.  We 
all  were  very  much  interested  when  the 
people  of  Grass  Valley  and  Nevada  City 
undertook  to  investigate  the  matter  practi- 
cally, and  we  all  were  very  much  disap- 
pointed when  they  failed  to  reach  a  solu- 
tion with  which  the  public  could  feel  sat- 
isfied. 

In  that  discussion  both  roads  projected, 
one  of  wide  and  one  of  narrow  gauge,  had 
the  same  location  (made  particularly  for 
the  wide  gauge)  and  very  much  the  same 
construction;  of  course  no  advantage  was 
found  for  the  narrow  gauge.  And  so, 
only  too  often  in  the  controversy,  the  main 
argument  adduced  by  the  wide  gauge  up- 
holders is  in  effect  that  if  we  build  a  nar- 
row gauge  road  with  the  same  location, 
road  bed  and  superstructure,  and  essen- 
tially the  same  rolling  stock  as  for  the 
wide  gauge,  we  shall  have  no  economy — 
"  which  nobody  can  deny."  But  then  this 
is  just  the  manner  in  which  no  one  thinks 
of  building  a  narrow  gauge  road . 

We  refer  again  for  the  hundredth  time 
to  this  matter  because  we  have  the  oppor- 
tunity to  give  some  figures  in  addition  to 
those  which  we  have  already  published. 
Notwithstanding  opposition,  we  have  al- 
ready one  road  of  importance  constructed 
(and  running)  on  the  narrow  gauge  plan, 
and  new  facts  are  being  ascertained  con- 
tinually, which  put  the  question  in  a 
clearer  light. 

Gen.  Geo.  P.  Buell,  Chief  Engineer  of 
the  Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  in  a  report  to 
the  Directors  of  the  road,  spoke  very  fa- 
vorably with  regard  to  the  narrow  gauge. 
His  report  was  attacked  by  Mr.  S.  Sey- 
mour. To  this  gentleman's  argument, 
which  we  have  not  seen,  we  may  do  injus- 
tice, but  from  what  we  have  heard  of  it  we 
may  judge  it  to  be  in  the  old  circular 
style: — You  cannot  economize  by  building 
a  narrow  gauge  road,  because  it  costs  as 
much  as  it  does  to  build  a  wide  gauge 
road. 

Mr.  C.  J.  Quetil,  Prin.  Assist.  Engineer 
under  Gen.  Buell,  has  written  a  reply 
which  seems  to  give  some  very  conclusive 
reasoning  in  favor  of  the  narrow  gauge. 
We  have  not  space  to  give  his  argument 
in  full,  for  which  we  must  refer  those  in- 
terested to  Van  Sbstrand's  Mag.  for  May, 
but  we  give  for  the  benefit  of  many,  some 
of  his  figures  and  deductions  with  the  as- 
surance that  these  appear  to  be  fairly  ar- 
rived at. 

Cost  of  Road  Beds. 

For  the  purpose  of  a  fair  estimate  be- 
tween the  two  gauges  of  the  cost  of  earth- 
work, we  will  take  the  average  hight  of 
embankments  as  6  feet;  slope,  1%  to  1; 
width  at  top,  14  feet  (as  generally  built) 
for  the  4  feet  8%  inch  gauge,  and  9  feet 
for  the  3  or  3%  feet  gauge;  cuts  as  5.4 
feet  high  and  18  feet  wide  respectively; 
bridges  16  feet  and  12  feet  wide.    We  find 


then  the  following  economy  in  narrow 
gauge  roads  in  per  ct.  (A)  of  cost  of  nar- 
row gaugue,  or   (B)  of  cost  of  wide  gauge. 

A  B 

Earthwork SOperct.  or  22  per  ct. 

Clearing  and  Grubbing 81$      "     "    8    " 

Drainboxes .19         "    "16    " 

Bridges  and  culverts .33        "    "25    " 

Looseand  solid  rock,  and  hauling. 30        "    "28    *• 

To  apply  these  figures  to  the  Texas  Pa- 
cific R.  R.  The  cost  per  mile,  between 
Camp's  Perry  and  Tyler,  of  clearing  and 
grubbing,  earthwork,  loose  rocks,  haul- 
ing, culverts  and  bridges  was  $16,506.77. 
The  economy  per  mile  with  a  narrow  gauge 
would  be  $3,763.35.  As  it  is  calculated 
that  the  road  will  be  at  least  2,000  miles 
long,  the  economy  for  that  length  would 
be  $7,526,700. 

Even  if  we  make  the  embankments  10  ft. 
wide,  euts,  bridges  and  culverts  14  ft.  wide, 
for  the  narrow  gauge  we  shall  have  a  great 
economy  over  the  wide  gauge,  as  follows: 

Earthwork ' 16  per  ct.  of  wide  gauge 

Clearing  and  grubbing 63$     "  " 

Bridges  and  culverts 122$     "  " 

Looserock,  solid  rock,  hauling. .16       "  " 

Consequently  the  economy  per  mile, 
would  be  $2,432.42,  or  $4,864,840  for  the 
2,000  miles  of  road. 

The  economy  of  construction  of  road-bed 
is,  if  the  banks  are  9  ft.  and  the  cuts  12  ft. 
wide,  equal  to  23  per  cent,  of  the  post  of 
wide  gauge  roads;  or,  if  the  banks  are  10 
ft.,  and  the  cuts  and  bridges  14  ft.  wide, 
equal  to  15  per  cent,  of  the  cost  of  wide 
gauge  roads.   . 

Superstructure. 

The  rail  used  on  the  Denver  and  Rio 
Grande,  and  on  most  of  the  3-ft.  gauge 
roads  is  a  30  lb  rail.  Gen.  Buell  recom- 
mended a  36-lb  rail  for  a  3  ft.  6  inch 
gauge.  If  the  rails  are  lighter,  spikes  and 
bolts  will  also  be  lighter,  and  the  ballast 
will  be  used  in  smaller  quantities.  We 
give  here  the  comparative  costs  of  super- 
structure of  two  roads,  one  with  a  4-ft.  8% 
inch  gauge,  and  55-ft>  rail,  the  other  with 
a  3-ft.  6  inch  gauge,  and  35- lb.  rail. 

WIDE  GAUGE. 

87  tons  of  rails  at  .$70 $6,090.00 

400*rail  splices  at  $1 400,08- 

5,6001b.  spikes  at  5  cts 276.00 

2.640  cross  ties  at  80  cts 2,112.00 

2,000  cu.  yds.  gravel  ballast  at  50  cts 1,000  00 

Laying  one  mile  of  track 500.00 


Total  per  mile., 


....$10,017.00 


NARROW   GAUGE. 

55  tons  of  rails  at  $75 $4,125,00 

528  rail  splices  at  60  cts 316.00 

3,520  Hs.  spikes  at  6  cts 211.20 

3,520  cross  ties  5'x5"x6"  at  50  cts 1,408.00 

1,200  cu.  yds.  gravel  ballast  at  60cts 600.00 

Laying  one  mile  track 350.00 

Total  per  mile $7,011.00 

Hence  the  economy  of  the  superstructure 
is  $3,366  per  mile,  or  nearly  45  per  cent, 
of  the  cost  of  narrow  gauge,  and  32  per 
cent,  of  the  cost  of  wide  gauge  for  super- 
structure. This,  for  the  2,000  miles  of 
the  Texas-Pacifio,  would  amount  to  $6,- 
732,000.  Adding  the  economy  in  the  road- 
bed, we  have  a  total  economy  of  $14,258,- 
700,  if  the  banks  are  9  ft.  wide,  or  $11,596- 
840  if  the  banks  are  made  10  ft.  wide;  and 
this,  on  ordinary  railroad  ground.  It  is 
principally  in  countries  like  New  Mexico,  Ari- 
zona and  California,  which  the  line  will 
have  to  cross,  that  the  company  might 
make  an  immense  saving  by  adopting  the 
narrow  gauge. 

The  adoption  of  a  narrow  gauge  allows 
sharper  curves  for  the  line,  and  saves, 
furthermore,  much  of  the  heavy  expense 
of  tunnelling. 

Official  Statements  from  other  Roads. 

J.  P.  Mersereau,  Chief  Engineer,  sub- 
mitted to  Gen.  Palmer,  President  D.  &  R. 
G.  B.  B.  Co.,  the  following  estimate  of 
cost  for  a  broad  and  narrow  gauge  road 
from  Golden  City  to  Black  Hawk,  Colorado. 
On  the  wide  gauge  (4  ft.  8%  inches,)  the 
maximum  grade  was  155  ft.,  maximum 
curve  12°;  on  the  narrow  gauge  (3  ft.), 
maximum  grade  175  ft.,  maximum  curve 
26S,  distance,  20  miles. 

Wide  Gauge.    Narrow  Gauge. 
Graduation,  masonry  bridg- 
ing and  ballasting $46,425 $7,200 

Superstructure,  track,  etc....    13,610 8,765 

Depots,  repair  shops,  tanks .. .      1,220 1,000 

Engineering,  superintendence 
and  contingencies 4,600 1,500 

Total  cost  per  mile $65,765.. $18,465 

Difference  in  cost  per  mile $47,290 

Difference  in  cost  for  20  miles $945,800 

"These  estimates  are  made  from  care- 


ful surveys,  the  most  of  the  lines  being 
actual  locations;  the  covered  lines  having 
been  run  at  all  the  most  difficult  points." 
The  rails  are  estimated  at  65  pounds,  for 
broad  gauge,  and  40  pounds  for  narrow 
gauge.  "There  would  appear  to  be  a  dis- 
crepancy in  the  engineering  and  contin- 
gency estimate  (by  comparison),  but  is 
accounted  for  by  the  difference  in  length 
of  time  to  oonstruct;  there  being  unavoid- 
ably 3  tunnels  on  the  broad  gauge  (if  only 
12°  curves  are  used) ,  which  would  keep 
up  an  organization  for  engineering  2  years 
instead  of  &  or  8  months,  in  which  the  nar- 
row gauge  can  be  completed.  The  exten- 
sion of  line  from  Black  Hawk  to  Central 
City  can  be  made  at  the  average  cost  for 
narrow  gauge  given.distance  about  7  miles, 
but  I  think  it  hardly  possible  to  build  for 
broad  gauge  with  12°  curves." 

The  Denver  and  Bio  Grande  Railway 
uses 

Width  of  road  bed  in  cuts 12  feet 

"  ■'        banks 10  feet 

Sharpest  curve 6  deg 

Maximum  grade  per  mile 75  feet 

Length  of  ties CJ$  ft 

Weight  of  rail  per  yard 30  "lbs 

Slope  of  earth  cuttings 1  to  1 

Slope  of  banks lit,  to  1 

Slopo  of  solid  rock  cuttings , U  to  1 

After  5  miles  had  been  graded  on  a  road 
from  Golden  City  to  the  forks  of  Clear 
Creek,  Colorado,  T.  E.  Sickes,  Chief  En- 
gineer, Colorado  Central  R.  R.  (Gen.  Supt 
Union  Pacific  R.  R.)  wrote:  "The  cost  of 
grading  a  road-bed  through  the  canon  for 
a  4  ft.  8%  in.  track  was  estimated  to  be 
$90,000  per  mile.  The  actual  cost  of  grad- 
ing a  road-bed  for  a  3  ft.  track  has  not  ex- 
ceeded $20,000  per  mile."  When  asked  for 
explanation  concerning  this  difference. 
which  was  "considered  somewhat  extraor- 
dinary," he  wrote  that  the  difference  was 
due  to  the  different  locations  of  the  two 
lines.  The  minimum  radius  of  curvature 
adopted  for  the  broad  gauge  was  955  ft; 
for  the  narrow  gauge,  220  ft.  '  'The  canon 
is  about  3,000  ft.  deep  and  has  precipitous 
pides.  Its  course  is  so  tortuous  that  the 
broad  gauge  location  would  have  required 
in  construction  numerous  tunnels  and 
bridges,  with  high  embankment  and  deep 
open  rock  cuttings.  The  adoption  of  a 
narrow  gauge  admitted  of  an  alignment 
conforming  approximately  to  the  wind- 
ings of  the  canon  and  enabled  us  to  ob- 
tain a  graded  road-bed  for  less  than  %  of 
the  estimated  cost  of  a  broad-gauge  road 
bed,  with  the  additional  advantage  that  in- 
crease of  distance  secured  more  favorable 
grades. 

This  last  has  a  great  significance  for 
those  among  the  mountains  of  our  coast. 

Rolling  Stock. 
•  We  must  pass  over  the  argument  con- 
cerning the  stability  and  gain  in  regard  to 
dead  weight  of  the  narrow  gauge  cars,  and 
the  performances  of  the  engine,  etc. ,  for 
want  of  space.  Mr.  Quetil  wonders  that,  in 
view  of  its  performances  the  Fairlie  en- 
gine has  not  become  more  popular  in  this 
country.  We  give  some  dimensions  of  cars 
which  have  been  built  for  the  narrow  gauge 
roads. 

Passenger  Cars:— 35  ft.  long,  7  ft.  wide, 
6%  ft.  high,  carrying  36  passengers.  For 
wide  gauge  there  are  54  ft.  long,  9%  ft. 
wide,  10%  ft.  high  at  dome,  carrying  60 
passengers. 

Platform  Cars:— -4-wheeled;  12%  and 
16%  ft.  long,  6  ft.  wide. 

Platform  Cars:— 8-wheeled;  23%  ft.  long 
and  6  ft.  wide.  For  wide  gauge  these  are 
32  ft.  long  and  9  ft.  wide. 

Box  Cars:— 4-wheeled;  10,  12  or  14  ft. 
long  and  6  ft.  wide. 

Box  Cars:— 8-wheeled;  22  ft.  long,  6% 
ft.  wide.  For  wide  gauge,  29  ft.  long  and 
9  ft.  wide. 

There  is  in  favor  of  the  narrow  gauge 
an  economy  of  dead  weight  of 

For  flat  cars 42.4  per  cent. 

For  4-wheeled  box  cars 33.1        " 

For8-         "         •'  25.4        " 

For  passenger  cars 234  lbs.  per  passenger. 

In  regard  to  the  inconvenience  of  break- 
ing bulk,  so  often  dwelt  on  by  opponents 
of  the  narrow  gauge,  this  is  compensated 
for  a  hundred  times  by  the  other  advanta- 
ges, to  say  nothing  of  the  great  damage 
and  inconvenience  growing  out  of  an  in- 
terchange of  cars  upon  thousands  of  miles 
of  connecting,  and  often  hostile  or  com- 
peting lines. 

What  the  Country  Would  Save. 

Gen.  Rosecrans  has  made  some  interest- 
ing calculations  tending  to  show  that  if  the 
railroads  in  the  United  States,  down  to  the 
end  of  1867,  had  been  built  on  the  narrow 
gauge  plan,  the  saving  in  first  cost  would 
have  been  $480,000,000,  the  annual  inter- 
est of  which  at  6  per  cent,  is  28,800,000; 
that  the  annual  saving  on  haulage  would 
be  $100,800,000;  in  all  an  annual  saving  to 
the  people  of  the  United  States  of  $129  - 
600,000. 

He  shows  further  that  a  much  greater 
saving  is  in  question  for  the  future;  for, 


June  15,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


377 


he  reasons,  provided  the  whole  country  is 
to  he  as  well  furnished  with  railroads  ns  is 
the  State  of  Ohio,  there  will  lie  n  total 
length  of  165,800  miles  of  roads,  the  an- 
nual saving  on  which  with  the  narrow 
gauge  system  would  be  $547. 544,515— 
enough  to  pay  the  national  debt  in  G  yean. 
.Moreover,  he  shows  that  railroads,  on 
the  average,  add  S10  per  acre  to  the  value 
of  lands  within  10  miles  of  them.  The 
narrow  gauge  roads  can  bo  afforded  in  dis- 
tricts where  broad  gauge  roads  could  not, 
to  an  extent  which  it  is  moderate  t"  oall 
30,000  miles;  which  would  add  to  the  value 
of  tho  land  bordering  on  these  roads  $'■',- 
000,000. 

Mechanics'  Institute. 

The  regular  annual  meeting  of  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute  was  held  on  the  Cth 
inst.  The  annual  report  of  the  President, 
A.  S.  Hullidie,  was  road  after  tho  transac- 
tion of  Borne  business  of  minor  import- 
ance. Ho  said  that  at  tho  time  of  his  an- 
nual report  the  year  previous  that  tho  lia- 
bilities of  the  Society  were  §40,013.48;  the 
largest  item  being  S-'S7,000,  duo  the  Union 
Insurance  Co.,  for  which  they  hold  a  mort- 
gage on  tho  Society's  property.  This 
mortgago  has  been  roducod  by  tho  trans- 
actions of  the  yoar  to  85,000,  and  still  fur- 
thor  reduced  by  money  received  from  life 
memberships,  amounting  to  §2,000.  He 
urged  the  propriety  of  getting  60  moro 
life  members,  so  as  to  clear  the  institution 
of  debt.  He  also  urged  the  idea  of  in- 
creasing their  mineralogical  cabinot  from 
its  present  size.  He  thought  the  Trustees 
would  do  right  to  continue  to  keep  open 
the  library  on  Sundays,  the  experiment 
having  been  a  success.  The  matter  of  fu- 
ture Industrial  Exhibitions  had  been  con- 
sidered by  the  Trustees  at  different  times, 
and  they  wore  unanimously  of  the  opinion 
that  a  permanent  structure  should  be  ob- 
tained, but  as  yet  no  plans  had  been  of- 
fered which  met  thoir  approval.  The  li- 
brary now  contains  17,239  volumes.  The 
number  of  now  members  during  the  year 
was  375. 

Finances. 

The  financial  statement  of  the  Society 
for  the  year  ending  May  31st,  1872,  wasjtts 
follows :—  Institute  Fund  :  Total  receipts, 
§14,844.33;  disbursements,  §15,164.17;  due 
Treasurer,  §319.84.  Sinking  Fund  :  Re- 
ceipts, §2,820.89;  disbursemeuts,§l,  214.73; 
balance  on  hand,  §1,606.16.  Pavilion  Ac- 
count :  Receipts,  §20,753.96;  disburse- 
ments, §19,025.87;  transferred  to  Institute 
balance,  §1,728.09.  The  assets  of  the  So- 
ciety are  stated  at  §146,628.81;  liabilities, 
§6,424.28;  net  assets,  §140,204.53;  monthly 
revenue,  §1,091;  expenses,  §995. 
Installation  of  Trustees. 

The  new  Trustees  were  duly  installed  by 
the  Installation  Committee,  Mayor  Alvord 
Chairman,  after  a  few  remarks  by  Irving 
Scott.  The  Trustees  are  :  A.  S.  Hallidie, 
Henry  L.  Davis,  Asa  E.  Wells,  E.  B. 
Woodward,  A.  S.  Iredale,  Geo.  Spaulding 
and  Samuel  H.  Wheeler. 

The  Trustees  elected  A.  S.  Hallidie 
President;  J.  C.  Patrick,  Vice  President; 
H.  L.  Davis,  Treasurer;  H.  W.  Jones, 
Corresponding  Secretary,  and  S.  H. 
Wheeler,  Eeeording  Secretary. 

The  re-election  of  Mr.  Hallidie  as  Presi- 
dent continues  him  as  an  ex  officio  member 
of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity. 

Minee's  Lamp. -A  Londoner  has  recent- 
patented  a  lamp,  more  particularly  for 
coal  miner's  use,  which  is  so  constructed 
that  it  can  not  be  opened  without  first  ex- 
tinguishing the  light.  This  is  effected  by 
adapting  to  the  body  of  the  lamp  a  locking 
pin  which  will  prevent  tho  lower  part  from 
being  unscrewed  or  detached  from  the  up- 
per part  until  the  pin  is  drawn  back. 

Fibe. — On  the  30th  ult.  the  buildings 
surrounding  the  galmadore  of  the  Cerro 
Gordo  Smelting  Works  was  totally  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  This  is  the  second  time, 
these  building  have  been  burnt.  The  loss 
amounts  to  about  §4,000. 


Knapp's  Hod  Carrier. 

The  illustration  shown  herewith  represents  n 
device  which  is  intended  to  facilitate  the  hoist- 
ing of  bricks,  mortar,  and  other  materials  to 
the  top  of  buildings,  in  the  course  of  construc- 
tion. The  invention  is  a  simple  one  and  can 
be  easily  understood  by  referring  to  tho  out. 
An  ordinary  ladder  is  used  with  a  timber  on 
<  ;i'-h  side,  and  secured  at  top  and  bottom,  by 
cross  beams.  The  ladder  and  sidu  pieces  are 
morUoed  into  the  cross  beams,  but  not  fastened, 
so  that  the  machine  can  easily  bo  taken  apart 
for  transportation  or  when  it  is  desired  to  uso 
tho  ladder  separately. 

In  tho  top  beam  are  two  pulleys  over  which 
he  rope  to  which  the  cages  are  suspend- 
ed. Tho  cages  are  made  with  a  board  or  plank 
bottom,  and  a  short  pieco  of  scantling  at  the 
top,  connected  with  hoop  iron  and  held  in 
their  places  by  small  iron  guidos  which  run  in 
front  mid  hack  of  the  timbers.  One  of  the 
cages  being  loaded,  it  is  raised  to  tho  top  of  tho 
building  by  a  workman  who  steps  into  the  op- 
posite cago  and  rides  to  the  bottom.  The  ma- 
chine can  he  used  by  one  man,  but  two  or  more 
men  can  use  it  to  hotter  advantage.  It  will  bo 
seen  that  the  operator  is  obliged  to  climb  the 
ladder  once  for  every  load  that  he  raises,  but 
baring  no  burden  to  carry,  he  ascends  in  much 


KNAPP'S     PATENT     HOD    CARRIER. 


less  time,  and  the  labor  is  comparatively  light. 
It  requires  but  a  few  seconds  to  descend,  and 
the  workman  regulates  his  speed  by  placing  his 
hand  upon  the  side  timber.  By  the  old  method 
nearly  as  much  time  is  consumed  in  descend- 
ing the  ladder  as  in  carrying  up  the  load. 
The  first  device  constructed  of  this  kind  is 
now  in  use  at  the  new  depots  of  the  Central  Pa- 
cific Railroad  Company  on  Fourth  street. 
These  buildings  are  being  roofed  with  asphalt- 
urn,  and  the  contracter,  Mr.  N.  P.  Perine,  who 
has  procured  this  machine,  formerly  used  a 
block  and  tackle  for  the  same  purpose.  We 
are  informed  that  by  the  use  of  the  block  and 
tackle  three  men  raised  seventy-five  pounds  per 
minute,  and  by  the  use  of  this  new  device  two 
men  raised  150  pounds  per  minute. 

For  buildings  of  one  or  two  stories  the  ma- 
chine can  be  used  as  represented  in  the  cut, 
but  for  higher  buildings,  four  ropes  are  used  in 
place  of  the  timbers  and  the  cages  are  provided 
with  eye  holds  on  each  side  through  which  the 
ropes  pass,  and  keep  them  in  position.  The 
men  can  then  ascend  in  the  usual  way  by  lad- 
ders from  one  scaffold  to  another. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  inventor  to  manu- 
facture small  sizes  for  the  use  of  farmers  and 
warehousemen.  Full  particulars  regarding  the 
machine  and  its  uses  can  be  obtained  of  Wies- 
ter  &  Co.,  17  New  Montgomery  street,  in  this 
city.  

Paying  Mine. — The  shipments  from  the  Ray- 
mond &  Ely  mine  for  June,  up  to  the  12th  inst., 
amount  to  over  $10,000  per  day. 


Tule  Plowing— A  New  Invention. 

The  tule  gang  plow  of  Mr.  McCall,  of  Santa 
Clara  Co.,  has  been  practically  at  work  at  tho 
upper  end  of  Puget  Slough,  Old  River,  west 
side  of  the  San  Joaquin,  some  sixteen  miles 
east  of  Antioch. 

There  are  six  plows  formed  of  sheet  iron  or 
steel,  gouge  shaped,  and  set  so  as  to  hold 
thcmselvesdowu  to  the  work,  while  the  wheelsof 
the  machine  preventsthem  from  going  too  deep. 
The  plows  cut  the  soil  in  continuous  ribbons, 
about  two  inches  deep  and  several  wide,  turning 
some  wholly,  and  some  only  partially  over. 

The  wheat  seeds  uro  dropped  so  as  to  bo  cov 
ered  by  this  process.  There  is  no  question 
about  its  springing  up,  the  cut  sods  acting  as 
a  protecting  mulch.  The  possiblo  difficulty 
anticipated,  if  any,  in  this  mode  of  culture, 
will  be  the  springing  up  of  tho  grass  also 
through  tho  sod,  and  its  disputing  the  possess- 
ion of  the  ground  with  the  grain. 

Mr.  Sherman  Day,  our  witness  of  this  infor- 
mation, said  the  plow  seemed  to  do  tho  work 
intended  very  well,  cutting  and  turning  down  a 
growth  of  tulcs,  in  some  places  some  four  feet 
high,  without  previous  preparation.  The  grass 
sod  cut  forms  a  sort  of  peat. 

Two  four  horse  teams  were  worked,  plowing 
two  and  one-half  acres  each  a  day,  as  estimated, 
the  cuts  being  one-half  mile  long. 

A  patent  has  been  applied  for  by  Mr.  McCall 
on  his  plow  through  the  Scientific  Press 
office.  With  improved  implements,  and  a  more 
thorough  knowledge  of  our  tule  lands,  and  the 
capacities  of  the  soil  and  climate,  they  are  con- 
stantly gaining  in  fame  and  importance  in  our 
community. 

An  Adjustable  Gearing. 

Tho  accompanying  cut  represents  a  device 
of  Dr.  A.  Blatchley's,  of  San  Francisco, 
for  an  adjustable  gearing.  So  far  as  he  iB  in- 
formed it  is  an  original  mechanical  movement. 
The  shafts  to  which  it  is  attached  may  be  turned 
in  different   directions  and    the  gearing    will 


A    HEW    MOVABLE    GEAR. 

still  run  regularly.  We  judge  that  it  may  prove 
a  very  useful  device,  from  its  great  simplicity, 
for  some  special  purposes.  The  Doctor,  who 
has  taken  out  many  patents,  originated  this  idea 
in  connection  with  his  researches  in  perfecting 
his  drilling  machines,  audits  connected  devices 
for  transmitting  power  at  different  angles. 

Eaixeoad  Improvements.— The  Central 
Pacific  Eailroad  Company  have  recently 
completed  two  freight  depots  in  this  city, 
between  King  and  Townsend  and  Fourth 
and  Fifth  streets.  One  of  the  buildings  is 
500  feet  long  and  seventy-five  feet  wide, 
with  a  shed  on  each  side.  The  other  de- 
pot is  500x50  feet.  When  entirely  com- 
pleted the  building  will  be  800  feet  long. 
The  business  office  is  in  the  second  story 
of  one  of  the  buildings.  The  space  be- 
tween the  buildings  for  the  tracks  is  120 
feet.  A  new  depot  is  now  being  con- 
structed at  the  Yatch  Club  house  near  the 
long  pier,  and  the  drawbridge  across  Chan- 
nel street  is  completed  so  that  as  soon  as 
the  filling  in  between  the  latter  depot  and 
the  bridge  is  done  the  tracks  will  be  laid. 
All  freight  over  the  C.  P.  E.  E.  line  will 
hereafter  be  handled  at  the  new  depots. 

Iron. — The  scarcity  aud  high  price  of  iron 
has  had  the  effect  to  make  the  collection  of 
"  scrap  "  quite  an  object,  and  the  up  country 
towns  are  sending  all  the  available  old  iron  to 
this  city  for  the  Rolling  miUs.  Old  pieces  of  ag- 
ricultural and  mining  implements  hitherto 
thought  useless,  are  now  finding  their  way  to 
the  city  at  some  profit  to  then:  owners. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — The  House  Mining  Com- 
mittee have  recommended  that  the  Governmen  t 
guarantee  the  interest  of  the  company's  bonds; 
and  also  make  an  absolute  lien  of  S2,000,000  at 
the  rate  of  $50,000  for  each  500  lineal  feet  com- 
pleted, provided  that  an  equal  amount  has 
been  expended  by  the  company  on  the  same 
work. 


The  Paul  Process— An  Important 
Practical  Test. 

Mr.  Almarin  B.  Paul,  inventor  of  the 
new  dry  amalgamating  process,  known  by 
his  name,  has  been  for  the  past  five  years 
perfecting  his  system  of  working  ores,  and 
has  at  last  succeeded  in  giving  it  a  practi- 
cal test  as  compared  with  tho  copper-plate 
system  of  working  gold  ore.  Tho  process 
has  been  introduced  into  the  mill  of  the 
Calaveras  Gold  Mining  Co.,  whose  prop- 
erty is  near  Murphy's  Calaveras  County, 
Cal.  In  order  to  be  thoroughly  satisfied 
as  to  the  merits  of  the  invention  they  con- 
cluded to  make  a  practical  test  of  it  in 
comparison  with  tho  workings  of  a  10- 
stamp  California  mill  with  copper  plates, 
etc. 

With  this  object  in  view  they  took  from 
tho  same  place  in  the  mine,  just  as  it  came, 
37  %  tons  of  rock.  The  battery  was  cleaned 
up  thoroughly,  and  19%  tons  put  through 
dry  for  the  new  process,  when  it  was  again 
cleaned  up  and  the  remaining  18  tons  run 
through  in  the  usual  way.  The  result  was 
as  follows: 

Plinl  Process 58.44^  in  r  ten 

Wet  wording  battery,  copper  plates,  etc.  $23.33  ;<j    "    " 

Difference  in  favor  of  Paul  process $35.11      "     " 

Aiuoimt  of  bullion  by  Paul  process $1,138.70 

"         "  Copper  plate  prooesa 420.21 

Tho  latter  figures  show  a  greater  propor- 
tion in  favor  of  the  new  process  than  the 
small  amount  of  1  y,  tons  more  could  make, 
while  the  former  figures  show  a  gain  of 
over  111  per  cent.  The  machinery  of  the 
new  Bystem  which  wo  described  some  time 
since,  is  arranged  to  take  tho  ore  and  dis- 
pose of  it  as  fast  as  the  stamps  reduce  it — 
all  working  of  course  together.  One  man 
can  attend  to  it  after  rock  is  fed  into  the 
batteries.  The  capacity  of  the  mill  which 
made  this  run  is  6  tons  in  24  hours.  The 
expense  of  working  is  less  than  by  the  pan, 
and  not  quite  $2  per  ton  more  than  by  the 
copper  plate  system. 

As  to  original  cost  of  machinery,  etc., 
the  following  estimate  will  be  found  suffi- 
ciently accurate  for  all  purposes.  Cost  of 
machinery  for  pan  working  mill,  as  per 
foundry  estimate  to  reduce  ten  tons  per 
twenty-four  hours,  not  including  oost  of 
motive  power,  etc. 

10  stamps  with  pullies,  oto $1,803 

G  pans— $100  each 2,400 

3  settlers— $400  each 1,200 

Belting,  pipes,  etc 600 

Wood  work  and  extras 2,000 

Total $8,000 

This  will  require  about  eighteen-horse 
power. 

Cost  of  machinery  of  a  "California"  ten- 
stamp  mill  with  copper  plates,  (no  pans) 
to  reduce  ten  tons  per  day  through  No.  7 
screen,  or  No.  60  wire  cloth,  with  3,600 
holes  to  squaro  inch. 

10-Btamp  battery $18,000 

Wood  work 2,000 

Extras,  say 1,000 

Total $4,800 

Expense  of  machinery  for  Paul's  process, 
based  on  five  stamps,  reducing  two  tons 
per  stamp  in  twenty-four  hours,  through 
No.  14  wire  cloth: 

B-stamp  batterj' $900.00 

Pulverizing,  preparing  and  amalgamatingbar- 
rels,  6ettlers.  vibrating  tables,  belting,  pipes, 

etc.,  as  furnished  with  mills 4,000.00 

Wood-work,  etc.,    (about) 750.00 

Total $5,050  00 

This  would  require  14-horse  power  to 
run  it.  The  reduction  by  the  latter  system 
is  not  less  than  through  No.  80  wire  cloth, 
or  6,400  openings  per  square  inch, 
being  about  100  per  cent,  finer  than  ore 
worked  the  usual  way  in  a  battery. 

Any  miner  will  readily  see  that  Paul 
with  his  five-stamps  and  No.  14  wire  cloth, 
can  reduce  as  much  as  a  10-stamp  mill 
washing  through  No.  60  wire  cloth.  The 
pulverizing  and  preparing  barrel  interven- 
ing between  the  stamps  and  amalgamoter, 
is  made  of  such  power  and  dimensions  as  to 
reduce  the  quartz  as  fast  as  delivered  to  it 
from  the  stamps,  and  down  to  not  coarser 
than,  No.  80  wire  cloth,  with  6,400  open- 
ings to  the  square  inch;  while  a  large  pro- 
portion of  it  will  pass  through  No. 
100  mesh, or  10,000  openings  to,  the  square 
inch.  The  No.  14  wire  cloth  is  of  course 
where  the  ore  passes  from  the  battery  be- 
fore it  goes  to  the  revolving  barrel,  and  the 
ore  passes  from  the  barrel  through  not 
less  than  No.  80  wire  cloth. 


378 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  15,  1872. 


JOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Hints  about  House  Cleaning. 

In  a  general  house  cleaning,  carpets  that  do 
not  require  to  be  taken  up  should  be  loosened 
at  the  edges,  and  the  dust  removed  therefrom, 
and  a  good  lookout  made  for  moths.  If  there 
are  any  traces  of  moths  wash  the  floor  "with 
benzine  or  sp.  of  turpentine,  and  put  the  ear- 
pet  down  quickly,  and  the  insects  will  get  their 
quietus. 

Straw  matting  should  be  washed  with  a  cloth 
dampened  in  salt  water.  Take  care  to  wet  it 
but  little,  for  if  the  matting  is  soaked  through 
it  is  liable  to  become  brittle  and  soon  give  out. 
If  Indian  meal  is  sprinkled  over  it,  or  damp 
sand,  and  then  thoroughly  swept  off,  it  will  op- 
erate with  good  effect. 

In  washing  windows,  a  narrow-Mad  ed  wooden 
knife,  sharply  pointed,  is  the  best  thing  with 
which  to  take  out  the  dust  that  harbors  in  the 
corners  of  the  sash.  Dry  whitening  will  polish 
the  glass  nicely,  and  a  weak  black  tea,  with 
some  alcohol  is  the  best  liquid  with  which  to 
wash  the  glass.  For  a  few  days  before  the 
cleansing  takes  place,  save  all  the  tea  grounds; 
then  when  needed,  boil  them  in  a  tin  pail  with 
two  quarts  of  water,  and  use  the  liquid  on  the 
windows.  It  takes  off  all  the  dust  and  fly 
specks.  If  applied  with  a  newspapaer,  and 
rubbed  off  with  another  paper,  they  look  far 
better  than  if  cloth  is  used. 

If  there  are  old  feather  beds  in  the  house,  and 
no  machine  renovator  at  hand,  put  them  out  in 
the  first  heavy,  drenching  rain  that  falls.  Let 
them  become  thoroughly  wet  and  then  turn  the 
bed  several  times;  then  dry  them  in  the  sun, 
and  when  one  side  is  perfectly  dry,  beat  it  with 
sticks  to  lighten  up  the  feathers,  and  turn  up 
the  other  side  to  dry;  either  placing  boards 
under  it  or  putting  the  beds  on  the  piazza  roof, 
if  one  is  at  hand. 

To  take  out  stains  from  either  mattresses  or 
feather  beds,  make  a  paste  of  soft  soap  and 
starch,  and  spread  over  the  spots:  when  dry, 
scrape  off  with  a  knife,  washing  it  with  a  damp 
sponge,  as  it  falls  off;  if  not  clean,  put  on 
another  paste.  This  application,  if  repeated 
frequently,  until  all  discolorations  are  gone, 
will  purify  any  bedding.  Cockroaches  can  be 
kept  away  with  powdered  borax.  Keep  it  in  a 
tin  pepper  box  and  sprinkle  it  wherever  they 
go.  Paris  green  is  recommended,  but  it  is  a 
poison;  while  borax  is  harmless.  Sprigs  of 
wintergreen,  or  ground  ivy,  will  drive  away 
small  red  ants,  and  branches  of  wormwood  will 
make  black  ants  "vamose  the  ranch." 

Scald  your  bedsteads  in  the  hottest  soap- 
suds you  can  apply;  if  th^re  are  traces  of  bugs 
apply  kerosene  with  a  small  paint  brush.  It  is 
a  sure  cure.  Tenants  of  city  houses  are  often 
annoyed  by  bugs,  and  can  not  tell  whence  they 
came.  Perhaps  the  border  of  the  wall-paper 
might  divulge  their  source,  or  the  cornices  of 
the  windows  disclose  their  haunts.  Again  apply 
kerosene  and  they  will  no  longer  trouble  you. 
Carbolic  acid  maybe  applied.  If  pure,  the  odor 
is  not  as  disagreeable  as  that  of  coal  oil. 

Papering  and  painting  are  best  done  in  cold 
weather,  especially  the  latter,  for  the  wood  ab- 
sorbs the  oil  or  paint  much  more  than  in  warm 
weather,  while  in  cold  weather  it  hardens  on 
the  outside,  making  a  ooat,  which  will  pro- 
tect the  wood  instead  of  soaking  into  it. 

In  papering  walls,  be  sure  to  remove  all  the 
old  paper  and  paste,  and  scrape  them  perfectly 
smooth.  The  best  paste  is  made  of  rye  flour, 
with  two  ounces  of  glue  dissolved  in  each  quart 
of  paste;  half  an  ounce  of  powdered  borax  will 
make  the  paste  better.  People  now  generally 
understand  how  dangerous  it  is  to  paper  a  wall 
over  old  paper  and  paste.  Many  deaths  have 
arisen  from  this  cause ;  the  air  of  many  sleep- 
ing-rooms has  been  thus  poisoned. 

In  whitewashing,  a  pound  of  glue  dissolved 
in  hot  water  and  diluted  with  four  gallons  of 
cold  water,  to  which  is  added  six  pounds  of 
whiting,  will  be  found  to  answer  a  better  pur- 
pose than  common  lime.  "Wood-work  can  be 
washed  with  this  [glue  size,  and  one  coat  of 
paint  on  it  would  last  for  years.  A  little  chrome 
yellow  will  give  a  light  lemon-colored  tint  to  the 
wash. 

A  cheap  paint  for  the  floor  can  be  made, 
which  a  strong,  smart  woman  could  apply  to 
any  floor:  five  pounds  of  French  ochre;  one- 
fourth  of  a  pound  of  glue,  and  a  gallon  of  hot 
water.  Dissolve  the  glue  in  a  small  quantity  of 
hot  water;  when  wholly  melted  add  the  rest  of 
it,  stirring  it  slowly  until  well  mixed.  Then 
stir  in  the  ochre,  and  apply  while  hot,  with  a 
good-sized  paint-brush.  "When  well  dried  ap- 
ply one  or  two  coats  of  boiled  linseed  oil.  This 
paint  dries  very  quickly,  hardening  in  fifteen  to 
twenty-four  hours.  It  is  very  cheap.  An  oaken 
hue  can  be  given  to  new  rjine  floors  and  tables, 
by. washing  them  in  a'solution  of  copperas  dis- 
solved in  strong  lye,  a  pound  of  the  former  to  a 
gallon  of  the  latter.  "When  dry  this  should  be 
oiled,  and  it  will  look  well  for  a  year  or  two; 
then  renew  the  oiling. 

Grease  can  be  extracted  from  floors  by  apply- 
ing a  paste  of  wood  ashes  and  quicklime,  to  be 
kept  on  several  days  and  then  washed  off.  Stains 
on  wall  paper  can  be  cut  out  with  a  sharp  pen 
knife,  and  a  piece  of  paper  so  nicely  inserted 
than  no  one  can  see  the  patch. 

Ink  stains  on  wood  can  be  removed  by  a  so- 
lution of  oxalic  acid.  Cover  the  spots  with 
bits  of  the  acid,  turn  on  a  spoonful  of  water  and 
place  a  heated  flat-iron  over  it;  when  the  hiss- 
ing ceases  the  ink  will  have  disappeared. 

Kerosene  and  powdered  lime  whiting,or  wood 
ashes,  will  scour  tin  with  the  least  labor.  Kero- 


sene and  whiting  will  also  clean  silver-ware, 
door-knobs,  hinges,  etc.  "Wet  the  flannel  slight- 
ly in  oil,  dip  in  the  whiting,  and  rub  hard; 
wash  off  with  a  chamois  skin  or  newspaper. 
Spots  can  be  taken  out  of  marble  with  finely 
powdered  pumice-stone.  Mix  it  with  verjuice, 
cover  the  spots  with  it,  and  let  it  remain  for 
twelve  hours;  then  rub  clean  with  a  damp 
sponge ;  rinse  with  clean  water  and  wipe  dry, 
with  a  cloth.  Soapstone  hearths  should  be  first 
washed  in  pure  water  and  then  rubbed  with 
powdered  marble  or  soapstone,  put  on  with  a 
piece  of  the  same  stone.  Gray  marble  hearths 
can  be  rubbed  with  linseed  oil  and  no  spot  will 
show.  If  gilt  frames  are  varnished  with,  copal 
varnish,  they  can  be  washed  with  cold  water 
without  injury.  Lace  curtains  should  never  be 
ironed.  "Wash  and  starch  them,  using  in  the 
rinsing  water  a  tablespoonful  of  powdered 
borax.  This  makes  them  very  stiff.  When 
wet  spread  on  a  sheet,  either  on  the  floor  or 
bed,  and  pin  down  every  two  or  three  inches. 
Let  them  dry  for  several  days  and  they  will 
look  very  nice. — Country  Gentleman. 


What  Food  is  Most  Wholesome? 

Dio  Lewis  is  probably  the  best  doctor  in  the 
country  for  advising  people  how  not  to  get  sick 
and  need  other  doctors.  This  is  his  conclusion 
as  to  food : 

For  Breakfast. — Oatmeal  porridge  with  milk 
and  sugar. 

Or,  Graham  mush,  with  a  little  good  syrup. 

Or,  cracked  wheat  with  milk  and  sugar. 

Or,  baked  potatoes  with  bread  and  butter. 

Or,  beefsteak  or  mutton  chop,  with  baked  po- 
tatoes and  bread  and  butter. 

If  you  are  thin  and  need  fat,  use  the  first 
three;  if  you  are  too  fat  use  the  last  named 
two. 

Drink  cold  water  or  a  little  weak  coffee. 

Dinner. — Beef  or  mutton,  roasted  or  stewed, 
with  any  vegetables  you  may  like  (though  to- 
matoes should  be  used  sparingly)  good  bread 
and  butter,  and  close  the  meal  with  a  glass  of 
weak  lemonade.  Eat  no  desert  unless  it  be  a 
little  fruit,  and  eat  nothing  more  until  the' next 
morning. 

There  is  no  rule  in  regard  to  diet  about 
which  I  am  so  fixed  in  my  convictions,  as  that 
nothing  should  be  eaten  after  dinner,  and  I 
think  that  the  dinner  should  be  taken  early  in 
the  day,  not  later,  if  it  can  be  so  managed, 
than  2  o'clock.  In  regard  to  the  precise  hour 
of  the  dinner  I  am  not  so  clear,  though  for  my- 
self 1  o'clock  is  the  best  hour;  but  in  reference 
to  the  omission  of  the  third  meal,  I  have,  after 
long  observation,  no  doubt  whatever. 

Hundreds  of  persons  have  come  to  me  with 
indigestion,  in  some  of  its  many  forms,  and 
have  experienced  such  relief  in  a  single  week 
from  omitting  the  supper  that  I  have,  for  a 
number  of  years,  depended  upon  this  point  in 
the  diet  as  the  best  item  in  my  prescriptions 
for  indigestions.  I  have  never  met  one  person 
suffering  from  indigestion,  who  was  not  great- 
ly relieved  at  once,  by  omiting  the  third  meal. 

Eat  nothing  between  meals,  not  even  an  ap- 
ple or  peach.  If  you  eat  fruit  let  it  be  with  the 
breakfast  and  dinner. 

Cooked  fruit  is  best  for  persons  with  weak 
digestion.  I  have  met  hundreds  of  people  who 
would  digest  a  large  beefsteak  without  a  pang, 
but  could  not  manage  a  single  uncooked  apple. 

I  think  certain  dietetic  reformers  have  some- 
what overrated  the  value  of  fruit. 

Avoid  cake,  pie,  all  sweetmeats,  nuts,  raisins 
and  candies. 

Manage  your  stomach  as  above,  and  at  the 
end  of  ten  years  you  will  look  back  upon  these 
table  habits  as  the  source  of  a  great  advantage 
and  happiness. 

For  thirty  years  I  have  been  a  constant  and 
careful  observer,  (I  have  no  hobbies  about  diet) 
and  in  the  light  of  my  own  experience  and 
these  long  observations,  I  assure  you  the  table 
habits  I  advise  are  vital  to  health  and  happi- 
nsss. 


Peemium  Bbead. — At  a  jNational  Health 
Reform  Association  held  not  long  since  in 
New  York,  a  premium  of  $100  was  awarded  to 
Mrs.  E.  T.  Thrall.  The  bread  was  made  as 
follows: — Mix  unbolted  wheat  meal  (freshly 
ground)  with  pure  cold  water,  to  make  a  stiff 
dough ;  knead  the  dough  thoroughly,  working 
in  as  much  as  possible;  cut  into  small  pieces 
and  bake  in  a  quick  oven.  It  will  bake  quicker 
and  keep  longer  if  made  into  rolls  a  little  larger 
than  the  finger;  or  into  cakes  one-half  or  three- 
fourths  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  two  inches 
wide,  and  three  inches  long.  This  bread  may 
be  dried  as  hard  as  a  brick  and  kept  sweet  and 
good  for  weeks.  You  have  only  to  dip  it  in 
water  a  minute,  and  let  it  stand  five  minutes  to 
have  as  tender,  wholesome  and  delicious  bread 
as  need  be  eaten. 


Woman  Js  Detjdgeky.-- The  general  introduction 
of  a  more  simple  and  wholesome  plan  of  cook- 
ing would  greatly  relieve  woman  of  her  present 
hard  toil  and  drudgery,  while  it  would  promote 
the  health  of  every  member  of  her  household. 
At  least  four-fifths  of  all  the  money  expended 
for  medicines  and  medical  advice,  are  paid  be- 
cause of  the  diseases  of  women  and  children. 
And,  nine-tenths  of  all  the  care,  nursing,  night- 
watching,  and  privation  of  sleep  and  rest  be- 
cause of  sick  children,  are  performed  and  suf- 
fered by  women.  The  Medical  Society  in  New 
York,  which,  on  one  of  its  festive  occasions 
toasted  women  in  the  following  words,  had 
truth  if  not  poetry  as  the  basis  of  the  sentiment. 
"  Woman, — God's  best  gift  to  m.o.n\and  the 
chief  support  of  the  doctors." 


Portable  Kitchen. 

A  very  useful  device  is  extensively  used  in 
some  parts  of  northern  Europe,  by  workmen 
and  others  who  have  occasion  to  carry  their 
meals  with  them  to  their  places  of  work.  This 
device  consists  of  two  parts,  one  a  pot  of  tin, 
intended  to  receive  the  principal  portion  of  the 
food,  and  a  box,  Lined  inside  with  non-conduc- 
ing material,  in  which  the  pot  is  placed,  so  as 
to  be  protected  against  loss  of  heat. 

It  is  used  as  follows:  The  food  to  be  cooked 
is  placed  in  No.  1, — meat,  vegetables,  water, 
salt  etc. ;  some  portions  may  also  be  placed  in 
a  smaller  pot,  which  may  be  placed  inside  of 
the  larger  one.  The  two  pots  should  then  be 
placed  on  the  fire  till  the  water  boils,  the  boil- 
ing being  kept  up  for  20  to  30  minutes  in  ac- 
cordance with,  the  character  of  the  food.  The 
pot  is  then  taken  from  the  fire,  closed  with  a 
cover,  and  at  once  introduced  into  the  box. 
The  cover  of  which  is  then  closed  and  the  box 
set  aside,  or  taken  with  laborer  to  his  work. 
After  six  hours  the  cooking  is  finished,  and  the 
food  in  proper  condition  to  be  eaten;  but  there 
is  no  obiection  to  leaving  it  longer,  as  it  cooks 
exceedingly  slow,  and  retains  all  its  flavor. 
Numerous  experiments  have  demonstrated  that 
after  twelve  and  even  18  hours  beef  and  soup 
were  sufficiently  warm,  and  had  lost  nothing  in 
regard  to  their  quality. 

All  kinds  of  food  which  do  not  require  roast- 
ing or  frying  may  be  prepared  in  this  appara- 
tus; dry  vegetables,  potatoes,  rice  and  milk, 
mutton,  or  veal  pie,  beef  a  la  mode,  leg  of  mut- 
ton, chicken  stew,  etc.,  may  be  prepared  with 
economy  of  fire  and  of  time.  As  there  is  no 
evaporation,  the  food  thus  prepared  is  of  better 
flavor  than  that  cooked  in  the  customary  way. 

The  advantages  of  this  portable  apparatus 
are:  1st.  Economy  of  fuel,  saving  from  50  to 70 
per  cent.  2d.  Economy  of  time  and  trouble, 
as  after  the  food  is  placed  in  the  box  it  needs 
no  more  looking  after,  as  the  whole  operation 
completes  itself  by  the  heat  retained.  The 
laborer's  wife  may  in  the  morning  at  six,  while 
she  prepares  breakfast,  cook  the  dinner,  and 
after  30  minutes'  cooking  put  it  all  in  the  box. 
The  husband  carries  the  box  with  him  to  his 
shop,  or  any  other  place,  and  is  sure  of  a  warm 
well-cooked  dinner  a  12.  3d.  The  dinner  can 
never  be  burned  or  taste  of  smoke,  dangers 
which  housewives  and  cooks  have  to  look  out 
for,  and  which  occasionally  befall  the  best-reg- 
ulated households.  4th.  The  taste  is  better 
than  that  of  meals  prepared  in  open  vessels, 
where  the  flavor  is  continually  escaping  with 
the  steam.  5th.  The  convenience  of  trans- 
porting such  an  arrangement  to  the  factories, 
shops,  or  on  the  railroad  cars,  or  even  to  pic- 
nics. 6th.  The  certainty  of  a  warm  meal, 
which  is  much  more  healthier  than  the  cold 
food,  with  which  so  many  laboring  people  have 
to  satisfy  themselves. 

Some  hardware  manufacturer  should  take 
hold  of  these  ideas,  and  furnish  such  arrange- 
ments at  such  reasonable  prices  that  all  our 
workmen  may  procure  them.  We  feel  confi- 
dent that  with  the  progressive  ideas  of  our  pop- 
ulation, their  introduction  would  soon  be 
appreciated,-  and  secure  at  the  same  time  a 
profit  to  the  manufacturer  and  dealer,  and  a 
practical  benefit  to  our  workmen,  whose  health 
and  comfort  we  are  all  in  duty  bound  to  pro- 
mote as  much  as  is  in  our  power. 

Extract  of  Coffee. 

This  may  be  made  in  two  ways.  The  first 
way  gives  less,  but  a  very  highly  and  very 
pleasant  aromatic  extract ;  the  second  gives 
more  and  of  greater  strength,  but  of  lesB  pleas- 
ant flavor.  The  difference  is  found  on  the  fact 
that  cold  water  dissolves  the  more  agreeable  in- 
i  grediehts,  while  boiling  water  takes  all  the  bit- 
ter principles  of  less  agreeable  flavor. 

The  first  extract  is  made  by  placing  the  coffee 
in  a  deep  narrow  filter,  and  passing  cold  or 
tepid  water  through.  For  greater  economy  the 
coffee  may  be  divided  into  a  series  oi  filters, 
and  treated  in  succession  with  the  same  liquid. 
To  understand  this,  call  them  a,  b,  c,  d,  c;  'the 
liquid  from  a  goes  to  b,  then  in  c,  etc. ;  a  receiv- 
ing always  the  clean  water,  is  first  exhausted 
and  rejected,  when  b  becomes  No.  1,  and  a 
fresh  filter,  /,  is  added,  to  receive  the  liquid 
from  the  others;  after  a  while  6  is  rejected,  and 
c  becomes  No.  1,  while  we  add  again  a  last 
freshly-filled  filter,  g,  and  60  we  go  on.  The 
liquid  obtained  is  condensed  by  evaporation, 
and  may  be  sweetened  with  sugar,  but  if  suffi- 
ciently condensed  to  the  thickness  of  syrup,  it 
will  keep  without  sugar,  and  is  a  most  desira- 
ble thing  when  traveling.  It  may  be  mixed 
with  the  sugared  condensed  milk,  prepared  in 
tin  cans,  and  then  will  keep  any  length  of 
time,  and  always  be  ready  to  make  a  most  de- 
licious cup  of  hot  or  cold  coffee,  with  hot  or 
cold  water. 

The  second  method  is  to  boil  one  pound  of 
good  coffee  with  a  half  a  gallon  of  water,  till 
reduced  to  a  pint;  let  it  cool,  and  filter,  and 
then  boil  again,  and  add  enough  sugar  to  make 
a  thick  syrup;  cool  it,  pour  in  a  bottle,  and 
cork  up.  Two  teaspoonfuls  of  either  of  these 
extracts  will,  with  a  cup  of  boiling  water,  make 
a  good  cup  of  coffee. 

It. is  evident  that  with  the  second  method  we 
have  much  fine  flavor  carried  off  by  evaporation 
during!  the  boiling,  and  have  this  compensated 
for  by  ingredients  dissolved  by  heat.  In  order 
to  become  satisfied  about  the  inferiority  of  the 
second  method,  take  the  grounds  left  from  the 
cold  filtering  process,  and  boil  them  to  make  a 
coffee  extract  according  to  the  second  method, 
and  a  syrup  is  obtained,  which  is  not  only  in- 
ferior, but  when  mixed  with  water,  makes  an 
absolutely  disagreeable  beverage. 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  -will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
in  length  and  100  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Oal. 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBURG,   PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  OS-rinding  Machines, 

At  $15,   $30,  $50,  $75,    and  $110.     DIAMOND  TURN- 
ING TOOLS,  $15  each. 

SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From   40   cents   to    $113   each. 

Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  "Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  "WORKER  can  use  them  on 
BraBS.  Every  "WOOD  "WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

13v24-tf 


THE    FREAR    STONE    COMPANY 

OF  CALIFORNIA. 
Office,    638    Market    Street. 

OFFICERS: 
James  Gamble,  j       L.  A.  Booth, 

President.       |  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE: 
N.W.  Spatjdding.  George  C.   Potteh,  N.  P.  Pehtne. 

This  Company  will  contract  to  furnish  or  put  up  the 
heaviest,  strongest  and  most  elahorate  and  elegant  Fire- 
proof Stone  Fronts,  of  any  design,  and  every  style  of 
Plain  and  Ornamental  Door  and  Window  Caps,  Key- 
Btones,  Sills,  Water  Tables,  Coping  Ashlars,  Plain  and 
Ornamental  Stone  Work  of  every  description.  Fire- 
proof Buildings  and  Bank  Vaults,  Cemetery  Work,  Curb- 
ing Stones,  Fountains,  etc.,  all  at  prices  far  below  native 
cut  stone,  and  equal,  in  all  respects,  as  to  strength  and 
dxirability. 

Architects  and  Builders,  before  letting  their  contracts 
for  Stone  Work,  are  requested  to  call  at  the  office  of  this 
Company,  and  examine  certificates,  specimens  and  pho- 
tographs of  buildings  already  constructed  of  Frear  Stone 
in  Chicago  and  other  Eastern  citieB. 

For  further  information  apply  to  N.  P.  PERINE,  638 
Market  street.  fl9v24-3m 


THE 

Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY, 

118  Front  street,  San  Fkancisco. 

Patent   Combination  Oarbolized  Steam  Fire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 

12v43-3m  J.  ~W.  TAYLOR,  Agent. 

I.  S.  VAH  WDJKT.K.  C.  W.  DAVENPOET, 

VAN  WINKLE  &  DAVENPORT, 

IMFOETEES   AND  DEALERS   M 


Iron,    Steel    and    Heavy 
Hardware, 


CUMBERLAND     COAL, 

Axles,    Spring's,    Blacksmith's   Tools,   Etc-, 

Removed  from  Sacramento  to 

Nos.  413  and  415  Market  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

21v24-ly 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
KOI L  E  K     MAKSR8 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  st,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  San  Francisco. 


June  15,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


379 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
STATISTtOUK, 

Report*  an<f  utimitus  madr  tboat  all  dcpftrtmrnU  of 
Production.  CuUiluurco,  And  Maoat.ctmc  of  flip   Pacific 


E.  J.  FRASER,  M.  D., 

Surgeon  and  Homeopathic  Physician, 
No.  102  Stockton  street Bon  Fraaclsco,  Cal. 

VT  Surgical  casee  from  tho  country  received  ami 
tn«tt!<i  *t  tho  Homeopethic  Hospital. 
ah  Usttcu  mi  i' ■  1  promptly. 


GILKS    U.  QrliT.  jai.1   M.    BATKH. 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORNEYS  A.VD  COUNSELORS  AT  LAW, 

[i  Building  of  Pacific  InranuiM  Co..  N.  B.ooraerUalk 

forniA  an  '  LcUlcsdorflalrccU, 
SAN  FRANCICO. 


Spectacles    My   Specialty. 

C.  MULLER,  Optician, 
135  Montgomery  6trect.  near  Buisb.  Butt  Block, 

opposite  the  1  >ci  [dental  Hotel. 


JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429   Montgomery   Street, 

S.  W.  corner  Sacramento. 

Surveying  Irutrumcnu  made,   repaired  and  adjusted 

22vl7.3m 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood   Turner,  and 

SCROLL     SAWYER, 

No.  486  Brannan  Street San  Francisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St..  bet.  First  aud  Second, 
21v23-tf  Sacbamknto. 


II,   BARTLIMG. 


UKNHT  KIMBALL. 


BARTLING  &   KIMBALL,, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  ManufactTiiers, 

HOG  tli,  j-  ati-eec,  (southwest  cor.  Sansome), 
15vlMm  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SAN    FRANCISCO 

C  O  R  D  A  G  E     C  OMPANY. 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Hope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

36  611  and  613  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  Mission  street,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Purt  ii-ular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  MillwrlghtWork, 
especially  to  tho  erection  of  FLOUR  MILLS,  DISTIL- 
LERIES, eic.     Abo.  Cogging  Mill  and  Steamship  Wheels. 

Manufacturers  of  Nash  "a  Cutis  Grain  Separators.  Build- 
ers of  Improved  Hydraulic  Wine  Presses,  Grape  Stemmera 
and  Crushers,  otc.  15v23-6m 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

HEAL      E3VGRA"VER, 

AND  LETTER  Cl'TTEK. 
Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  60S  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'  Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    FB  AN  CISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

K.N.  VAN  BKUNT Cashier. 

BANKINQ  HOCSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


FISHERS 
KNUCKLE 

JOI1ST 

AND 

NOZZLE 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 


Cheapest  and    Beet 

Hydraulic  Machine 

in  use. 

The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
mill  Address  ?.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OKDEE, 

to    throw    from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

STREA  M. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTTCJE-  I  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  againet  matin?,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  using  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  A; 
J.  1  lymlg  and  Richard  H<  4:in.  us  thfl  Mine  is  an  Infringement  upon  tin'  lnvfiitiuu  of  the  niaoolna  known  as  FISII- 
i.it'.s  HYDBAUIJC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,232,  dated  Deo.  20,  187t>.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  Infringements  will  bo  rigorously  prosecuted,    rTevada,  Jan,  i:)th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER    OF    TOOLS 

— FOE— 

Molding,    Turning,    Carving,    Etc. 

Mortis©  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  "Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25v23-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum   Pipe   Manufacturer, 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.    Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA. 
f>T  Send  for  Circulars.  13v24-3n 


CARS, 

LIGHT,     STRONG     A.ND     ELEGANT. 


Omnibuses     of     Every     Style, 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  sending  out  their  superior  -work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  tho  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  the  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  street,  New  York. 

25v23-eow-26t  JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


THE       SELDEN       PUMP. 


PATENTED 
Aug.  2,  1870. 
Dec.  20, 1870. 


Combines   Simplicity   and    Durability   to   a   Remarkable  Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to   all  purposes  for  widen  Pumps  are  used— 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 

Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

A.    CARR, 

43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v23-ly-eow 


No.    341    KE1KXT    BTKJEET, 
Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

Tho  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Mkf.hni'jiaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.    Amber  Moutb-piecetj  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  -A_gfX'»ff"e  Pianos, 
GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos   to   Let.  rFlfvfl 

A.    HEYMAN, 
I  street,  hetween  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mal8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacuamestp. 


SHEET     IRON     PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  A8PHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

All  kinds  of  CAR  "WHEELS,  AXLES  and  RAILROAD 
"WORK  made  to  order.  Standard  sizes  of  Wheels  con- 
stantly on  hand.  Wheels  bored  and  pressed  on,  Axles 
turned,  etc.,  at  Reasonable  Rates. 

«£?"  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


FirBt  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 

MICR09COPE8. 

Hlustrated   Price   LiBt   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,    priced    and  iUustrated,    sent    free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  streot,  New  York. 

3v23-ly 


Hydraulic    Miners,      Attention ! 


REMINGTON'S 

BREECH-LOADING 

Sporting,    Hunting,    and   Target    Rifles. 

Same  system  us  the  "  Remington"  Celebrated  Military 
Rifle,  of  which  over  half  a  million  have  been  sold.  Its 
simplicity  unsurpassed.  For  strength  and  durability 
unequalled.  In  accuracy  nnrivalled.  In  range,  pene- 
tration, and  ease  of  manipulation,  without  comparison. 

The  "Sportsman's"  Delight,  the  "Hunter's"  Favorite, 
the  "  Target-Shooter's"  Pride.    Also 

REVOLVERS  FOR  HOUSE  USE. 

In  these  dayB  of  thieves  and  Bnrglaries,  every  house- 
holder should  have  a  revolver  for  home  protection. 
REMINGTON'S  RIFLE  OANE. 

Every  gentleman  should  have  one  for  protection 
against  dogs  and  rowdies,  and  for  field  use. 

E.  REMINGTON  &  SONS, 

19v24-Cm 193  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


RICHARD  H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 

City    and.    Comity    Surveyor. 

Office— Room  16,  Oity  Hall.  Ilv24-3m 


If  you  vUh  to  keen  up  with  the  times,  buy  u  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  u  DICTATOR.  These  are  fully  protected  by 
(jetton  Patent,  and  Infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  size  to  suit.  Are  in  use  under 
all  pressures,  from  445  feet  down. 

WILL  DISCHARGE  FTJLLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  "WATER  than  uny  other,  under  the 
Mine  d  re  u  instances. 

An  Injunction  from  the  U.  S.  District  Court  isnow  in 
force  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  usiug 
i!n  game  will  be  duly  prosecuted! 

I  fully  guarantee  my  customers  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  fc  CORY.  Marvsville;  J.  H.  NASH.Pla- 
cerville:  F.  SMITH,  at  Locko  k  Montague's  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Sole  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,  under  Allouwood's, 
Marsey's,  Rice's,  Craig's,  and  Hoskin's  Patents. 
ICv24lf 


NEL80N    Sc  DOBLE, 


AGKNTS   FOR 


Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS    OK 

If]   Sledge*,  Hammer*,  Stone 
Cutter**,  BluckamlthV 
untl  Hone-Slioen' 
Tool*. 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

U.     S.     STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 
IVORY     RULES. 


ALSO  EXCLUSIVE    MANUFACTURERS  OP 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  the  Combination  Rule,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  the  very  best  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood, 
heavily  bound  wilh  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

The  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  be  tested  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  the  aid  of  a  small  screw-driver,  but 
this  is  seldom  required. 

Ln  its  application  as  a  Slope  Level  it  is  especially 
adapted  for  Miners*  use,  as  it  showB  tho  pitch  to  the 
foot,  and  degree  of  inclination  at  once.  It  is  six 
inches  long  when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-eighths  inches  thick,  the  cut  being  just  one- 
fourth  size, 

"  By  the  ubs  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  can  always  have  in  his  pocket 
the  most  valuable  of  his  apparatus  used  in  construction, 
combined  in  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form." — Sci- 
entijic  American. 

Price  bo  mail,  prepaid,  $4.  For  agents'  terms,  addrcgB 
STEPHENS    &    CO., 

18v24-3m  Riverton,  Conn. 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond   Carbon-Points. 

Fiy.l        m$.  2  FUj.  3  Fiff.d- 


f§ 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-BuiTS,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-0m  J.  DICKENSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.    Address 
6-v24-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
DwellJngp.MillB,  Bridg- 
es, or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  orthe  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure  good  satisfac- 
EDW.  W.  TIFFT, 
No.  626  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco 


380 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  15,  1872. 


Patents  &  Inventions. 


Full  List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to 
Pacific    Coast    Inventors. 

[From  Official  Repobts  to  DEWEY  &  CO.,  U.  8.  and 

Fobeiqn  Patent  Agents,  and  Publishebs   of 

the  Scientific  Press.] 

For  the  Week  Ending  May  21st,  1872. 

Peocess  for  Preserving  Iron. — "William  H. 
Sterling,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Apparatus  for  Lighting  Gas  by  Electrical 
Sparks. — John  Vansant,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Tunneling  Machine. — AllexeyW.  Yon  Schmidt, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

For  the  Week  Ending  Mat  28th,  1872. 

Manufacture  of  Ice  and  Refrigerating  Ma- 
chines.— Samuel  B.  Martin  and  John  M. 
Beath,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Hose-Cart. — "William  E.  Shaw  and  Charles  A. 
Ashley,  Stockton,  Cal. 

Note. — Copies  of  TJ.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  less  time  than  by  any  other 
agency         

Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 


Among  the  patents  recently  obtained 
through  Dewey  &  Co's  Scientific  Press 
American  and  Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the 
following  are  worthy  of  mention: 

State  Wobkxng  Machine. — Lamartine 
E.  Fulda,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This  is  a 
machine  for  working  or  manufacturing 
cask,  tank,  and  barrel  staves,  and  com- 
pletes them  ready  for  use,  from  the  rough 
bolts  of  lumber.  It  consists  in  the  use  of 
a  movable  carriage  provided  with  clamps 
for  holding  the  rough  bolt  of  wood.  This 
carriage  being  made  to  pass  the  shaping 
saw  guided  by  an  adjustable  curved  gauge 
so  that  the  proper  shape  shall  be  given  to 
the  stave.  The  stave  is  then  laid  upon  an 
adjustable  table,  and  made  to  pass  a  cutter, 
which  gives  the  proper  bevel  to  the  edges. 
From  there  it  is  placed  on  another  curved 
table  and  passed  under  a  cutter  which 
does  the  crozing,  forming  the  grooves 
for  the  head.  The  first  mentioned  carriage 
has  also  a  device  for  getting  the  center 
line  transversely  to  the  staves  for  the  pur- 
pose of  setting  up  correctly. 

Gbape  Cbtjsher  and  Stemmee. — Geo. 
Johnston,  Sacramento,  and  "Wm.  A.  John- 
ston, of  Folsom,  Cal.  This  improvement 
relates  to  that  class  of  grape  stemmers  and 
crushers  in  which  a  series  of  beaters  are 
revolved  inside  of  a  box  or  case,  the  lower 
portion  of  which  is  formed  of  parallel 
slabs.  In  this  class  of  machines,  as  ordi- 
narily made,  the  grapes  are  crushed  in 
separate  charges,  and  the  stems  thrown 
out  of  the  case  after  the  grapes  are  crushed, 
by  opening  one  side  of  the  case  so  as  to 
permit  the  revolving  arms  to  hurl  them 
out.  This  improvement  consists  in  a  pe 
culiar  construction  of  the  case  and  revolv- 
ing beaters,  by  which  the  grapes  can  be 
continuously  fed  into  the  machine  at  one 
end,  while  the  stems  are  automatically  dis- 
charged from  it  at  the  other  end. 

Clothes  Deter. — Anson  C.  Stowe,  San 
Jose,  Cal.  This  is  an  improvement  in  ex- 
tension racks  for  drying  clothes,  which  are 
hung  upon  a  wall,  and  are  so  constructed 
as  to  permit  of  their  being  partially  closed 
so  as  to  throw  the  main  portion  out  from 
the  wall.  It  consists  in  the  employment 
of  ropes  or  cords  for  supporting  the  parts 
of  the  frame  in  the  cramped  position  when 
they  are  being  used,  and  connecting  these 
cords  by  means  of  rods,  which  also  serve 
to  hang  small  clothes  upon. 

Clasp  foe  Side  Arms. — F.  A.  Will  and 
Julius  Finck,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This 
is  an  improved  clasp  such  as  is  used  in 
attaching  or  susj>ending  the  scabbard  or 
holsters  of  side  arms  from  the  belt  or 
waistband  of  the  person  carrying  them. 
By  means  of  this  device  the  attachment 
can  be  quickly  made  and  the  scabbard  or 
holster  is  not  liable  to  become  unfastened 
or  lost. 

Tool-Holder. — F.  A.  Will,  and  Julius 
Finck,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This  inven- 
tion is  an  improved  handle  or  holder  for 
small  tools,  such  as  are  used  by  dentists, 
etc.  This  handle  is  capable  of  serving  for 
any  number  of  small  tools,  such  as  exca- 
vators, burr-holders,  and  like  instruments. 
This  and  the  foregoing  invention,  are  in 
the  line  of  the  practical  work  of  the  invent- 
ors, Messrs.  Will  &  Finck,  and  seem  to  be 
decided  improvements. 


Hydraulic  Nozzle. — R.  R.  and  Joseph 
Craig,  Nevada  City,  Cal.  This  is  an  im- 
provement in  hydraulic  nozzles  which 
has  for  its  object  prevention  of  the  stream 
from  bursting  or  assuming  a  rotary  mo- 
tion as  is  the  case  in  ordinary  nozzles. 
This  is  accomplished  by  constructing  the 
nozzle,  or  one  portion  of  it,  with  three 
sides  or  of  a  triangular  section  so  that  the 
body  of  water  will  be  carried  through  it  in 
a  direct  line,  the  angles  and  peculiar  form 
of  the  nozzle  i>reventing  the  stream  from 
twisting.    

The  Test  of  Interesting  Decisions  in 
Patent  Cases. 

COMMISSIONER'S   DECISIONS. 

GEORGE  W.  MORSE— Extension— In  the  matter  of  the 
ApplicatiDn  of  George  W.  MorBe  f or  the  exteosion  of 
his  patent,  No.  20,214,  granted  May  11,  I808,  for  an 
Improvement  in  Cartridge-Cases.  Decided  May  11, 
1872. 

Loyalty  or  Disloyalty  of  an  Applicant  during  the 
late  War  as  Affecting  the  Question  of  want  of 
due  Diligence  in  Producing  an  Invention — Want 
of  Diligence— Novelty. 

It  is  a  settled  rule  that  loyalty  or  disloyalty 
during  the  late  war  does  not  affect  the  status  of 
an  applicant  in  the  Patent  Office,  except  as  it 
may  pertain  to  the  matter  of  "due  diligence." 
The  Office  can  make  no  discrimination  between 
parties  in  the  Union  and  Confederate  services, 
respectively. 

As  between  two  cartridge  cases — both  of 
which  are  gas-tight,  central  fire,  capable  of 
being  recharged  and  recapped,  and  made  of 
substantially  the  same  parts — it  does  not  con- 
stitute a  patentable  difference  to  place  on  the 
outside  of  the  shell  the  sliding  cup  which  was 
formerly  on  the  inside  of  the  shell. 

Leggett,  Commissioner. 


W.  T.  MUNGER  vs.  J.  P.  CONNELL.— Appeal  from  the 
Examiners-in-Chief. —  Invention,  Improvement  in 
Door-Bells.    Decided  May  14,  1872. 

Diligence  in  Reducing  an  Invention  to   Practice. 

An  inventor  is  not  required,  in  order  to  pre- 
serve his  rights,  to  devote  all  his  energies  to 
the  development  of  his  invention  to  the  exclu- 
sion of  all  other  matters.  The  law  only  de- 
mands of  him  reasonable  diligence. 

Where  an  inventor,  who  has  embodied  his  in- 
vention in  a  model  which  he  deemed  too  rude 
in  workmanship  to  be  sent  to  the  Patent  Office, 
delayed  his  application  for  the  twofold  purpose 
of  completing  a  better  model  and  of  hearing 
from  a  pending  application  upon  a  kindred  in- 
vention, and  at  the  end  of  two  months  and  a 
half  was  prostrated  by  disease,  and  during  his 
illness  another  originated  the  same  invention 
and  obtained  a  patent:  Held,  that  thefirstparty 
was  not  fairly  chargeable  with  lack  of  reason- 
able diligence  in  perfecting  and  adapting  his 
invention.       Duncan,  Acting  Commissioner. 


DECISIONS    OF    THE    COURT. 

Supreme  Court  or  the  United  States, 

ALBERT  L.  MOWRY  vs.  ASA.  WHITNEY.— In  Equity- 
Appeal  from  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States  for 
the  Southern  District  of  Ohio.  Decision  rendered 
April  22,  1872. 

Construction  of  Whitney's  Patent  for  Car-Wheels— 
Specification— Damages  for  Infringement,  how 
Estimated — Rule  as  to  Interest  upon  Liquidated 
Damages. 

An  infringer  of  a  patented  process  is  to  ac- 
count for  the  additional  advantage  derived 
therefrom  beyond  what  he  would  have  had 
without  it;  and  he  is  not  liable  to  the  extent  of 
his  entire  profits  in  the  manufacture, 

In  estimating  an  infringer's  profits  the  ques- 
tion to  be  determined  is  what  advantage  has  he 
derived  from  using  the  patented  process  over 
what  he  had  in  using  other  processes  then  open 
to  the  public,  and  adequate  to  enable  him  to  ob- 
tein  an  equally  beneficial  result. 

The  profits  recoverable  against  an  infringer 
are  really  damages,  and  unliquidated  until  the 
decree  is  made;  and  upon  unliquidated  dam- 
ages interest  generally  is  not  allowed. 

"Where  the  defendant's  infringement  was  not 
wanton,  but  consisted  in  the  use  of  a  process 
secured  to  him  by  a  patent:  Held,  that  while 
this  did  not  protect  him  against  responsibility 
for  damages,  it  ought  to  relieve  him  from  lia- 
bility for  interest  on  profits. 


Reform  in  English  Patent  Laws. — The 
"  Committee  of  London  Patent  Agents  "  are 
still  active  in  endeavoring  to  bring  about  some 
much  needed  reforms  in.  the  English  patent 
laws,  and  we  hope  they  will  meet  with  ultimate 
success — indeed  as  light  is  being  thrown  on  the 
subject,  we  do  not  see  how  they  can  fail. 
Patentees,  engineers,  manufacturers, and  others, 
are  invited  to  forward  suggestions  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  patent  laws  to  8,  Southamp- 
ton Buildings,  London.  George  Haseltine, 
Chairman  of  the  Committee. 


Sowing  and  Harvesting  in  June. — While  the 
gathering  and  threshing  of  wheat  is  now  briskly 
going  on  in  the  valleys  and  plains  of  many 
parts  of  California — the  rule  lands  are  yet  be- 
ing sown  with  the  same  kinds  of  grain.  Oats 
and  barley  will  continue  to  be  put  in  still  later 
on  the  reclaimed  tule  lands;  and  corn,  for  green 
corn  or  roasting  ears,  as  late  as  the  first  of  Au- 
gust. 


New    Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Florence  S.  M.  Co. — June  7.  Location:  Ely 
District,  Lincoln  county,  Nev.  Capital  stock, 
$3,000,000,  in  30,000  shares.  Trustees— Joseph 
Clark,  A.  E.  Head,  Ernst  Huhn,  M.  C.  Hillyer 
and  D.  B.  Hunt. 

Last  Chance  M.  Co. — June  7.  Location: 
State  of  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  3,000,000,  in 
30,000  shares.  Trustees— J.  J.  Schofield,  A.  L. 
Page,  L,  A.  Booth,  George  D.  Roberts  and  S. 
Heydenfeldt. 

Beach  &  Paston  G.  and  S.  M.  Co. — Juno  6. 
Location:  Virginia  M.  District,  Nevada.  Capi- 
tal stock,  $2,000,000,  in  20,000  shares.  Trus- 
tees— Win.  Burling,  S.  P.  Middleton,  James  L. 
King,  John  Landers  and  A.  C.  Deitz. 

San  Francisco  Abend  Post  Co. — June  6:  The 
object  of  the  company  is  the  transaction  of  a 
printing  and  publishing  business.  Capital 
stock,  $25,000.  Trustees— W.  F.  R.  Schindler, 
Hugo  Herzer,  Louis  George  Koehler,  Stephen 
Ruf  and  D.  Klint worth. 

California  G.  and  S.  M.  Co. — June  11:  Lo- 
cation :  Owyhee  county,  Idaho  Territority. 
Capital  stock,  $435,000,  in  21,750  shares.  Trus- 
tees— D.  Edgerton,  James  Graham,  W.  H. 
Townsend,  O.  R.  Johnston  and  R,  S.  Miles. 

Gray  Eagle  S.  M.  Co. — June  12.  Location: 
State  of  Nevada.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,000. 
Trustees — Robert  Sherwood,  Joseph  Klopen- 
stine,  Isaac  Lohman,  Ralph  H.  Rogers  and  C. 
F.  Hamilton. 


Meetings  and  Elections. 

The  Trustees  of  the  Crown  Point  Mining 
Company  were  elected  June  3d  as  follows:  J. 
D.  Fry  (President)  B.  Peart,  Wm.  Kohl,  R.  H. 
-Sherwood  and  J.  A.  Pritchard.  J.  P.  Jones 
was  elected  Superintendent,  C.  E,  Elliot.  Sec- 
retary, and  A.  Hayward  Treasurer. 

The  Yule  Gravel  Co.  held  their  annual  meet- 
ing May  30th.  The  election  of  officers  resulted 
as  follows:  L.  S.  Cutter  (President)  W.  H. 
Sears,  Henry  Baker,  Benjamine  Dore  (Treas- 
urer) and  A.  J.  Bryant.  W.  H.  Watson  was 
elected  Secretary  and  John  Yule,  Superintend- 
ent. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Mechanics  Insti- 
tute was  held  on  the  3d  inst.,  and  the  follow- 
ing Trustees  elected:  A.  S.  Hallidie,  H.  L. 
Davis,  George  Spaulding,  Asa  R.  Wells,  R.  B. 
Woodward,  A.  S.    Iredale  and  S.  H.  Wheeler. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Silk  Manufacturing  Co.  on  the  30th 
ult.  James  L.  Blaikie  was  elected  President, 
Geo.  C.  Bode,  Vice-President,  W.  C.  Ralston, 
Treasurer,  J.  D.  Stewart,  Secretary,  and  Joseph 
Warburton,  Superintendent. 

The  Wellington  Mining  and  Smelting  Com- 
pany have  elected  the  following  Trustees:  G. 
W.  Beaver  (President),  Richard  Chenery,  C. 
W.  Kellogg,  G.  W.  Prescott,  and  J.  E.  de  la 
Moutagnie.  R.  Wegener  was  continued  as  Sec- 
retary; W.  C.  Ralston,  Treasurer,  and  G.  W. 
Terrell,  Superintendent. 

The  Mammoth  Mining  Company  met  on  the 
3d  inst.  and  elected  the  following  Trustees:  S. 
Linkton,  Robert  Sherwood,  J.  P.  Jones,  R.  R. 
Gibens,  F.  G.  Berry,  C.  W.  Fox  and  J.  H. 
Crocker. 

The  Minnesota  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.  elected  the 
following  Trustees,  on  the  3d  inst. :  William  M. 
Lent,  Geo.  D.  Roberts,  J.  W,  Gashwiler,  Geo. 
Hearst  and  G.  W.  Grayson. 

The  Highland  S.  M.  Co.  elected  trustees  for 
the  ensuing  year  on  the  4th  inst.,  as  follows: 
Henry  Williams,  (President,)  Thomas  Bell,  S. 
W.  Lee,  Alfred  Manet  and  John  W.  Shaw. 
David  Wilder  was  continued  as  Secretary. 

The  Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Co. 
elected  the  following  Trustees,  on  the  4th  inst. : 
S.  D.  Boswell,    (President,)    Robt.   Sherwood, 

D.  D.  Shattuck,  C.  Deane  and  E.  B.  Pond.  J. 
W.  Clark  was  retained  as  Secretary. 

The  Alaska  Consolidated  Mining  Co.,  elected 
the  following  Trustees  on  the  8th,  inst :  J.  H.  H. 
Williams,  H.  P.  Wakelee,  H.  C.  Kibbe,  H.  T. 
Wheeler,  and  C.  Deane. 

The  Maxim  Gas  Company  have  elected  the 
following  Trustees:  W.  H.  Ladd,  James,  H. 
Deering,  Fred.  Openheim,  James  H.Clark,  and 
Jacob  Bacon,  (President).  J.  Openheim  was 
elected  Treasurer,  and  Robert  Day  Secretary. 

The  Front  Street,  Mission  and  Ocean  Railroad 
(or  Sutter  Street  line)  Company,  held  their 
annual  meeting  on  the  10th,  inst.  The  follow- 
ing Directors  were  elested  for  the  ensuing  year. 
H.  H.  Haight,  Milton  S.  Latham,  Geo.  C. 
Bode,  H.  Casebolt,  Wm.  Blackwood,  A.  Doble, 
and  T.  H.  King. 

i^At  the  first  annual  meeting  of  the  Schell  Creek 
Mining  Company,  held  Juue  11th,  the  follow- 
ing gentlemen  were  elected  Trustees,  to  serve 
for  the  ensuing  year:  F.  Vassault,  W.  T.  O'Neil, 

E.  J.   Moore,  H.  Dutton,  Benj.  Dore. 

Increase  of  Capital  Stock. 

The  Senator  Mining  Company  met  on  May 
31st,  and  resolved  to  increase  their  capital  stock 
from  $600,000  in  6,000  of  the  par  value  of  $100, 
to  $2,400,000  in  24,000  of  $100  each. 

The  Hale  &  Norcross  Company  held  a  special 
meeting  on  the  30th  ult.  and  increased  their 
capital  stock  from  $3,200,000,  in  16,000  shares 
of  $200  each,  to  $9,600,000  in  48,000  shares  of 
the  value  of  $200.  This  is  the  second  time 
within  two  months  that  this  company  have  in- 
creased their  stock,  the  original  amount  being 
$1,600,000,  in8,000  sharesof  $200  each.  There 
are  400  feet  in  the  mine. 

The  Green  G.  &S.  M.  Co.,  of  Gold  Hill,  held 
a  special  meeting  on  the  3d  inst.  and  increased 


their  capital  stock  from  $600,000  in  24,000  shares 
of  $250  each  to  $2,400,000  in  24,000  of  $100 
each. 

The  Golden  Age  and  Empire  G.  &  S.  M.  Co. 
have  increased  their  capital  stock  from  $650,- 
000  in  2,600  shares  of  $250  each,  to  $2,600,000 
in  26,000  shares  of  $100  each. 

The  Imperial  S.  M.  Co.  met  on  the  3d  inst. 
and  increased  their  stock  from  $2,000,000  in 
4,000  shares  of  $500  each,  $10,000,000  in  100,- 
000  of  $100  each.  The  claim  amounts  to  184 
feet  of  ground. 

The  Alamo  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.  met  on  the  4th 
inst  andincreased  their  capital  stock  from  $300,- 
000  in  3,000  shares  of  $100  each  to  $30,000,000 
in  30,000  shares  of  $100  each. 

The  Confidence  Silver  Mining  Co.  held  a 
meeting  on  the  4th  inst.  and  increased  their 
capital  stock  from  $780,000  in  1,560  shares  of 
$500  each,  to  $2,960,000  in  24,960  shares  of 
$100  each.    There  are  130  feet  in  the  mine. 

The  Empire  Mill  and  Mining  Co.  at  a  meet- 
ing held  June  10,  increased  their  capital  stock 
from  $1,000,000,  in  1,200  shares,  to  $5,000,000, 
in  50,000  shares. 

The  North  Bloomfield  Gravel  Mining  Com- 
pany filed  a  certificate  of  the  increase  of  its 
capital  stock  on  the  12th  inst.  The  stock  of  the 
company  is  now  $5,000,000,  in  50,000  Bhares. 

Wool  Product  of  the  World. 

In  the  following  table  will  be  found  a  near 
approximate  estimate  of  the  number  of  pounds 
of  wool  annually  produced  in  the  different 
countries  of  the  world,  from  the  most  reliable 
inf ormation  obtainable : 

POUNDS  OF  WOOL. 

Asia,  including  Russia  in  Asia 320,000,000 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 260  000,000 

Germany,  Netherlands  and  Belgium 198,000,000 

United  States 130,000,000 

Australia 130,000,000 

France 126,000,000 

European  Russia 125.000,000 

South  America 110,000,000 

Asiatic  Turkey 100,000,000 

Spain 02,000,000 

Persia 50,000,000 

North  Africa 50,000,000 

European  Turkey 42,000,000 

Italy 40,000,000 

Cape  of  GoodHope 20,000,000 

Portugal 17,000,000 

Canada 12,000,000 

Sweden  and  Norway 11,000,090 

Greece 8,000,000 

Denmark 3,800,000 

Switzerland 3,000,000 

New  Mexico 500,000 

Total-  •  •  • 1,818,300,000 

There  are  other  countries  that  produce  con- 
siderable quantities  of  wool,  but  as  they  export 
little  or  none,  it  is  not  brought  into  the  account. 
We  present  the  grand  aggregate  of  the  world's 
annual  clip,  more  for  the  purpose  of  showing 
how  entirely  insignificant  is  the  quantity  pro- 
duced by  any  one  State  of  the  Union,  towards 
affecting  very  materially  the  prices  of  wool  under 
any  circumstances. 

The  eight  to  ten  million  pounds  of  California 
wool,  the  aggregate  clip  of  the  present  year, 
though  of  large  importance  to  our  producers, 
is  but  a  small  part  of  the  world's  wool  that 
finds  its  way  into  the  markets  of  manufacturing 
countries.  Hence  we  should  never  put  so  much 
stress  upon  its  importance  as  to  believe  its  pres- 
ence or  not  in  those  markets,  will  work  any 
material  changes  in  its  value. 

Wool  is  an  article  that  keeps,  and  when  prices 
rule  low, producers  who  are  not  obliged  to  realize 
hold  back,  and  the  aggregate  of  these,  when 
brought  out  by  better  prices,  has  always  proved 
to  be  very  large.  Hence  the  difficulty  of  main- 
taining panic  prices  for  any  great  length  of 
time.  Our  wool  producers  and  speculators 
have  this  year  learned  the.  truth  of  this  state- 
ment, which  will  doubtless  be  heeded  in  com- 
ing years. 

Mining  Sales. — The  Humbug  and  New  York 
Tunnel,  near  Jamestown,  has  been'soldtoa  San 
Francisco  Company  for  $16,000. 

A  one-third  interest  in  the  Holcomb,  Berry 
&  Co.'s  claim  at  Pilgrim  Bar,  Montana,  has 
been  sold  to  Wm.  Roe  for  $6,000. 


Philadelphia  Agency. — W.  H.  Daffin,  formerly  of 
San  Francisco,  is  our  correspondent  and  business  agent, 
Frankford,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


H.  Babxen  &  Bbo.,  formerly  of  Havilah,  Kern  county, 
will  please  communicate  with  this  office. 


A  NEW  BOOK  ON  MINXNa. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration,  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  -The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  C40  Pages,  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  coin);  in  leather,  $12.  Forwarded  by  mail,  in 
cloth,  $11.40,  currency;  in  leather,  S13.75.  Issued  and 
for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers Scientific  PresB,  S.  F. 

State  "University. — The  next  term  of  the  Prepara 
tory  Department  will  begin  April  20th,  1872. 

The  course  of  study  embraces  the  Ancient  and  the 
Modern  Languages  and  the  higher  Mathematics,  and  is 
specially  adapted  to  the  University  curriculum. 

Terms,  $12  a  term.             GEOBGE  TAIT,  Oakland. 
13v3bp-tf         

BICHAUD  H.  BTJEL,  Consulting  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 
Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  I  refer  par- 
ticularly to  Professor  R.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 

junl5-3t 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  comer  of  Pine. 


June  15,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


381 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At   this  Office. 


VALUABLE  PATENTS 

For   Kill.-. 

Tlic  Following,  and  other  valuable  patent*  and  patented 
■rtlclen  are  lor 

The  Hnnttltnn  Bond  Scraper. 
a  Now  Holler  Bute. 
A  Drinking  Fountain  foi  1 
Dr.  Bear's  Enpi  m  merit  In  ]>«-ntal  plates. 

81n>ar»  tax  Cutting  Qfapei  ami  Flowers. 

isMI  n  Ores. 
a  n,  w  Bs«i)  Tightener. 
I),  wry'i  Lightning  Can  Opener. 

v  Toy  Homines. 
A  Bed  Spriny  that  has  D"  fqunl. 

Kenni  dy"a  Bare*  Ptopellar/. 

■ 
a  Machine  f">r  1  u.-iviiMf  Hoar. 
Nevin's  Band  Osp  for  HubB. 
Westffcirs  Potato  Digger. 
A  New  OOllSZ  Bttld  and  Neck  Tie  Holder. 

Dabtnatlou  Household  TooL 
Bonner1!  Grata  Lifter. 
\  Ni'\v  Wlra  and  Picks!  Pence, 
Self-Acting  Churn  Power. 
A  machine  to  Roast  Nuts. 
A  dan  Q«n<  rator. 

An  Improvement  on  Thill  Attachments. 
A  Superior  Older  and  wine  Press. 

W©  Invito  parties  who  feel  Interested  in  any  of  the 
aim  v.- named  patents  to  call  and  examine  nam  pies  or 
send  for  description  "WTESTER  &  CO.. 

17  New  Montgomery  street.  S.  F. 


*wT   BRYANTS  STRATTON  J^Trl  ^ 

BUSINESS  COLLEGE 

aivPOSTsri-' 

IS  THE  LEADING  COMMERCIAL  SCHOOL  OF  THE 
Paoiflo.  It  educates  thoroughly  for  business.  Its  course 
of  instruction  Is  valuable  to  persons  of  both  sexes  and 
of  any  age.  Academic  Department  for  those  not  pre- 
pared for  business  course.  Open  day  and  evening 
throughout  the  year.  Students  can  commence  at  any 
time.  Full  particulars  may  be  hud  at  the  College 
Office,  21  Post  street,  or  by  sending  for  Heald's  Col- 
lege J  nUIi  SAL. 

Address  E.  P.  HEALD, 

Prcsi  lent  Business  College,  San  Francisco. 

3v3-eowbp 


UNlVERSI^?COl.l-EGe* 

CORNER  GEARY  AND  STOCKTON  STREETS,  S.  F. 

Young  and  Middle-aged  Men  and  Boys  may  enter  on 
any  week  day,  and  in  addition  to  all  the  advantages  to 
be  enjoyed  at  any  other  Business  College,  have  access  to 
the  General  Lectures  and  Literary  Exercises  of  the  Uni- 
versity. Our  Diploma  la  received  as  conclusive  evi- 
dence of  proficiency  by  the  Bankers,  Merchants  and 
business  men.  Ilv3-tf 


EUGENE    P.    DEWEY'S 


The  Most   Complete  Invention  for  Opening' 
Cans   ever  Invented. 

No  family  that  uses  canned  Fruits,  Vegetables,  Sar- 
dines  or  Oysters,  should  be  without  one  of  these  con- 
venient household  tools.  No  Restaurant,  Hotel  or  Oys- 
ter Saloon  can  afford  to  do  without  one.  It  will  cut  any 
shaped  hole,  from  a  triangle  to  a  perfect  circle.  One 
sample  sent  postage  free  for  75  cents. 

Address  WIESTER  &  CO., 

No.  17  New  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


THE  GARDNER  AUTOMATIC^  SAFETY-STOP   GOVERNOR. 

Tb*sr  Governor*  have  new  been  mdd  in  tin*  market  for  several  years,  and  when  Inosd  and  mads 

known,  srv  invariably  sought  aft.  r.    Th.  jhfcm  in  ihe-Sufc  rn  States  fa.ft  displacing  all  otbi .  QorB.and 

are  regarded  na  tAe  jiT/ed  regulator.  They  are  manufactured  by  Meaws.  Gorchur  k  Robertson,  practical  engineers, 
who  have  given  many  years  Uun-  as  Inalvelj  to  their  manufacture  and  perfection.  The  manufacturers  Say:  After 
an  experience  of  elanan  years  in  the  mannnid  ire  of  the  above  Governor,  during  which  time  seven]  important  im. 


■  iith  have  bun  made  and  tWi 
additional  patents  obtained,  we  bel 
justified  in  rvcoiuiut-ndiug  II 
parties  using  Steam  DOWeT,  and  war- 
ranting it  |0  be  the  must  peril  -el  rvgu- 
lator  In  tlie  market. 

The  Gardner  Governor  Is  so  well 
known  that  wc  think  it  nnni  01 
enterlnto  a  detailed  explanation  of  the 

prlndplea  Involved!  or  detail*  Inlta 
cuuhtruction.  merely  giving  the  lead- 
lug  objects  rcaliz'  d  by  this  important 
invention.  The  Governor  combines 
with  the  greateht  simplicity  of  con- 
itracUan,  accurate  regulation  of  speed, 

POSITIVE  UnDUKOI  ADAIKST  ALL  ACCI- 
DENTS LXU1LK  TO  OCCVU  VJtOM  SLIITINO 
Olt  l'AUTINO  TUB  GOVEJtMOK  OR  lUMVINii 

bxlts,  and  a  convenient  arrangement 

for    ADJUSTING    THE    fcl'FKU  O*  TUK  ffiH- 

VMM  wbileui  motion,  without  change 
ut  pull  tea. 

The  construction  of  the  Governor  1b 
extremely  simple,  having  no  springs, 

Inside,  juiiitu,  BWlVftla*  OB  parts  liable 
to  disarrangement,  nil  the  several  parts 
are  duplicates  of  each  other  in  the  same 
si  rtes;  the  most  skillful  workmen  an> 
employed,  the  best  material  used  and 
the    machinery    employed    espt  oiully 


OSOAB  LE\H3. 


s.  s.  moriuxl. 


adapted   to   their   manufacture 
valve  is  most  nmrnoxLT.  dalakced. 
and  the  Governor  Is  built  witbftview 
.if  ■eonring  the  quickest  and  m 
sttivo  action  possibly  atuUnabla  ma 

steam  regulator,     Thun  with    accurate 

machinery,  and  skilled  labor,  and  de- 
voting our  whole  attention  to  the 
manufacture  of  this  one  ajotcxA  we 
are  able  to  produce  a  perfect  and  relia- 
ble Governor  at  a  low  pm.-. 

We  do  not  publish  any  letters  of  rec- 
ommenduti.ins,  but  can  give  references 
to  upwards  Ol  .1,000  1'Al.TIKS  THROOOH- 
ui'Ttuk  UsrrKnSTATrs,  who  arc  using 
tin  1  lardner  Govt  mar, 

W«  would  1  -i"  olallj  Invite  thi  at!  n< 
tion  of  steam  Engine  Builders  to  this 
Governor,  feeling  assured  that  they 
can  purchase  for  less  than  they  can 
make  an  inferior  article,  and  thereby 
Increase  the  value  and    sales   of   their 

Engines, 

We  respectfully  refer  to  the  follow- 
ing parties  using  the  GanDRVB  Gov- 
EiisoR,  ami  can  speak  undcratandingly 
of  its  merits:  Oakland  Cotton  Mills, 
the  Selhy  Lead  and  Silver  Smelting 
Works,  L.  k  E.  Emauuel,  Vulcan  Iron 
Works,  Fulton  Foundry,  LevlsonBroB. 


Oal.  Jewelry  Co.,  Pioneer  Woolen  Factory,  D.  A.  McDonald  k  Co..  and  others  in  Sun  Francisc.i;  Ophir  Do  ,  Lady 
Bryan,  and  Sacramento  and  Meredith  Mills,  John  McCone,  Virginia,  Nov.:  Globe  Iron  Works,  Stockton;  A.  P. 
Chury.  [Albany,  Oregon,  and  many  Others. 

a*?"" WE  WARRANT  these  Governors  to  give  perfect  regulation  of  speed  under  all  circumstances;  and  if  there  is 
one  within  one  thousand  mileB  of  San  Francisco,  that  is  not  giving  perfect  satisfaction,  it  may  bo  returned  to  US 
at  our  expense,  and  we  will  exchange  it  for  any  other  Governor  In  the  country,  or  refund  its  price. 

J^rWhen  ordering  pleaso  state  whether  Throttle- Valve  is  wanted  or  not;  and  whether  Block  or  Finished 
Governor  is  desired.  *»*The  hate  of  bpeeo  for  Governor  is  fully  stamped  on  the  revolving  head  of  eVebx 
Governor.     Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

TREADWELL    &    CO., 

Accents    for    Paoiflo    States,    San    Fi'ancisfco. 

»~At  Treadwell  &  Co.'s(late  BERRY  k  PLACE'S) Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  may  be  found  in  stock  the  above 
Governors,  together  with  all  BizeB  of  HOADLEY'S  PORTABLE  ENGINES,  BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMPS.  STURTE- 
VANT  BLOWERS,  PORTABLE  DRILLS,  TAPS  AND  DIES,  DRETFUS'9  CYLINDER  LUBRICATORS.  Etc. 
Also  a  heavy  stock  of  HARDWARE  AND  MINING  TOOLS,  LEATHER  BELTING,  LINEN  HOSE,  BOILER  FELT 
(saves  25  per  cent,  of  fuel),  SELF  OILERS,  LACE  LEATHER.  STEAM  PACKING  (all  kinds),  BELT  STUDS, 
Etc.,  Etc.,  embracing  every  description  of  Engineers'  and  Machinists'  supplies  and  Millmen's  findings.        7v24-tf 


P.  J.   POTTRR. 


J.  W.  Hoffman. 


POTTER    &    HOFFMAN, 

Railway,  Engineer  and  Machinists' 
Supplies, 

19  and  21  South  Fourth  Street, 
PH  ILAD  ELPHIA. 


Have  a   largo  stock  of  all  leading  articles  constantly 
on  hand  at  lowest  market  rates. 


«y  Send  for  Price  List. 


24v24-eowt2t 


CITY    IRON    WORKS, 

28  Fremont  street SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LEAVIS    «Sc    MOKRIDL., 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of  Architectural 

and.   Ornamental   Iron   "Work, 

Laundry  Machinery,  Steam  Engines,  Etc 

Agricultural  Work  and  all  kinds  of  Blacksmith  in  g 

and  Jobbing  done  with  promptness  and  at  reasonable 

prices.     Orders  from  the  country  promptly  executed. 

2Jv24~3ru 


GAS    LIGHT    FOR    EVERYBODY! 

Coil  Oil  Lamps  Changed  to  Gas   Lamps  at  a 

Trifling  Cost,  by  merely  Changing  the 

Burner  and  Using  Different  Oil. 

This  valuable  Httle  invention  can 
be  attached  to  any  coal  oil  lamp  by 
any  one  in  half  a  minute.  It  makes 
its  own  gas  just  as  fast  as  it  is  re- 
quired, and  when  the  light  is  blown 
out,  the  gas  ceases  to  be  generated. 
NO  CHIMNEY  IS  REQUIRED. 
The  flame  is  as  white  as  city  gas 
and  produces  no  smell  or  smoke. 

One  Burner  is  equal  to  Six  Can- 
dles, and  Costs  only  One  Cent 
per  Hour. 

This  burner  uses  Petroleum  Fluid,  Danforth's  Oil, 
GaBoline  or  Taylor's  Safety  Fluid.  One  burner  sent  to 
any  address,  postage  free,  on  receipt  of  50  cents  currency 
or  stamps.  WIESTER  &  CO.. 

No.  17  New  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


THE  NEW  TJ.  S.  MINING  LAWS. 
The  now  Laws  of  1872,  governing  the  location  and 
purchase  of  Placer  and  Quartz  Mines,  and  Agricultural 
Lauds  in  Mining  Districts,  of  the  U.  s. ,  printed  in  cir- 
cular sheet,  for  sale  at  this  ofllce.  Single  copies  10  cts. 
Usual  discount  to  the  trade. 


GLEASON'S    IMPROVED 


E.  &  F.  GLEASON, 
Manufacturers  of  Improved  Wood  Tools. 

No.  27  Haydock  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
2Jv2l-eow6m 


The  Pacific  Glue  Manufacturing  Co. 

manufacturers,  importers  and  dealers  in 
GLUE,    OTJRLXill)    HAIR, 


NEATS-FOOT    OIL. 

Store 408  Market  Street, 

Between  Battery  and  Sansome,  San  Francisco. 
24v34-Sm 


Hemp, 

Soapslono 

and 

Rubber 


Steam  Packin 


THE  G  4RDNER  GOVERNORS,  STEAM  AND  WATER 
Gaugea,  Tube  Scrapers,  Cylinder  Cups  and  Self-Oilers, 
Boiler  Felt,  Leather  Belting,  Lace  Leather,  Linen  and 
Rubber  Hose,  Belt  Hooks  and  Studs,  Sheet  Packing,  and 
a  general  stock  of  Engineers'  and  Mill  Supplies,  at  the 
Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  of  TREADWELL  k  CO., 
old  stand,  corner  Market  and  Fremont  street,  San 
Francisco.  13v24-eow 


CHINESE  SERVANTS  AND  LABORERS 
of  all  kinds  furnished  at  the  shortest  notice  by  apply- 
ing to  WOLF  &  CO.,  510  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 
13v24-3m 


Purchasers*  please  Bay  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


ALL    KINDS    OF 

Office    Desks    and    Book    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  by 

JOHNSON   &   BEST, 

No .  311  Pine  street,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bank, 

18v24-6m  San  Francisco. 


Betts's      Capsule     Patents. 

To  prevent  infringements,  notice  is  hereby  given,  that 
BeUs's  HiinteiBon  every  Capsule  hr.  makes  for  the  jjrina/ia?  mcr~ 

ehantji  in  England  and  France, 
thus  enabling  vendor,  purchaser,  and  consumer  not  only  to 
identify  trie  genuineness  of  the  capsule,  but  likewise 
the  contenrs  of  the  vessel  to  which  it  is  applied. 
The  Li  >HD  CHANCELLOR,  in  his  judgment,  said  that  the 
capsules  are  not  used  merely  for  tne  purpose  of  the  orna- 
ment, but  that  they  are  serviceable  in  protecting  tne  wine 

from  injury,  and  insuring  its  genuineness. 
MANUFACTORIES:— I,  Wharf-road,  City-road,  Lon- 
don, and  Bordeaux,  Krancf.. 


lj\  C.  J.  COLLINS, 

HATTER, 

No.  321  Montgomery  street,  near  California  street, 
under  I.  O.  0.  F.  Hall. 

Masonic,  Army  and  Navy  Goods  a  Specialty. 
22v24-3m 


L0NGSH0RES     COMBINATION     TOOL. 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


Oirin-j  to  th*  tim*  mertsaary  to  mail  (A*  present  large  edition  «/  the 

<■•  prest    on    Thin 

ing — uhi-h  it  Ine  rery  laUtt  hour  we  cun  rtceiee  oArertiMetnmU, 


Alleghany  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 

panv.—  Location  of  Works:  Alhyhanv,  Blem   Countv, 
Cal." 

—Then  an-  dellnqnest  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Stock ,  OU  ICOOU&I  "I  UBI  -sunnt  (X.-.  H) 
levied  on  tin-  twi-nty.stxth  dny  ol   April.  A.  D.  1873,  the 

■evual  amountB  Bet  opposite  the  tuunea  <_>f  the  respec- 
tive t>b  tux- bidders  hb  follows  ! 
Name*.  No  Certificate.    No.  Shares.        Am't. 

J.  .J.  Boche 4  l^  S    3.00 

i1 Ki  500  LOO.00 

(Jeo.  Treat 68  35  7.00 

And  iu  accordance  with  luw,  nod  an  order  of  the 
Trustees,   made  on   (he  28th   Any  °t  April, 

■  ,i.  b  pu<  i '  ol  Bald  ssoc] 
ry,  will  he  sold  tl  pnhlla  auction  ut  the  office 

of  the  Oompnuy,  Itoom  ;i7.   NYw   Merchants'    i 

California  atreet,  Ban  Francisco,  California,  on  ■ 
day  of  8  one.  1879,  at  the  hour  of  lao'oloolt  if., 
day,  to  pay  Bald  delinquent  aaa  asment  thereon,  togeUii  r 
with  cobU  of  advertising  and  expanses  ol  Bale. 

J.  M.  BUFF1NGTON,  Secretary. 
Office, Room  87, New   Merchants'  Bschango,  California 
street,  SuFrencisoo,  CaUfornla,  Jam 


This  device  is  just  what  its  name  indicates.  As  a 
Kitchen  Tool  it  is  indispensable.  It  will  lit  and  lift 
with  perfect  safety,  any  Stove  Lid,  Prying  Pan,  Pie  Pan, 
Pot,  Kettle,  or  any  other  vessel  or  dish  used  about  a 
stove.  It  is  a  complete  tool  for  stretching  carpets, 
driving  tachs,  pulling  tacks,  &c,  &c.  It  answers  the 
double  purpose  of  hammer  and  pincers,  and  is  also  a 
good  Nut  Cracker.  It  is  made  of  the  best  malleable 
iron,  and  the  Hammer,  Pincers  and  tack  puller  are  all 
hardened  so  as  to  stand  the  roughest  usage.  An  Agent 
is  wanted  in  every  town  on  the  Pacific  CoaBt  to  sell  thiB 
valuable  little  implement.  Retail  price  fifty  cents. 
Special  inducements  to  agents. 

WIESTER    &    CO., 
17  New  Montgomery  Bt.  (under  Grand  Hotel) ,  S.  F. 


Mining  Tools 


Blowers, 

Steam  Fraps, 

Hair  Felt, 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBINE  WATER  WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-Saving  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stock  of  En- 
gineers', Miners',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 
Mill  Supplies. 

TREADWELL   &    CO., 
At  the      1      Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Sts., 
Old  Stand,  J  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

12rt4-eow 


Eagle  Quicksilver  Mining  Company—Lo- 
cation of  works,  SanU  Barbara  Countv,  Culifointa. 
Notice  is  hereby  given  thatui  a  masting  of  the  Board  of 

Trustsesol  aald  oorapany,  held  on   the  Hth  tiny  of  May, 

]*~.2,  mi  assessment  of  S4U  i>f  r  bhnru  was  levied  upon  tht< 
mines  of  aaid  company,  pavaM.  num.  (kluIy  In  cold  coin 
of  the  United  States,  to  the  Secretary  at  h\>  ofhoe,  room 
.%  No.  HO*;  Montgomery  Htroet.  Sou  l<'ranci-co,  California. 

Any  shares  upon  which  fuid  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid, on  Thursday.  .July  11th.  1STJ,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  on  Saturday.  .July  lath, 
UTii.  for  sale  atpubllcanction,  and  unless  payment  shall  ho 
made  before,  will  bo  sold  on  Monday,  the  l.iih  day  of  July, 
1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  coats 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  Bv  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees.  Mm.  H.  WATSON,  Secretary. 

Office— lloom  5.  No.  302  Montgomery  streei,  San  Francis- 
co California.  ma.  11. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E.,  £" 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer,  w 

MINERAL  ASSATER  AND  METALLURGIST,       ™ 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  (Q 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  -H 
lurgists"  Companion."  (The  very  Comprehensive  W 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  Illustrations.  £ 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "Prospector's  Wee  Pet  j 
Assaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  *■*" 


Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company— Lo- 

cation   of    works.    Maynard     Mining    District,    Mohave 

County,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  on  the  lath  day  of  May,  lyT'J. 
an  assessment  of  Ten  Conts  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  States  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
company.  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street.  San  Francisco. 
California.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  21th  day  of  June,  lh"2, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  he  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  onleae  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  bo  sold  on  Monday,  the  loth  day  of  .July,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  W.  COLBURN,  Secretary. 

Office.  Room  3,  No.  119  California  street.  Sail  Francisco, 
California  my25-td 

Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location  of 

Works,  Auburn  Mining  District,  Placer  County,  Cal. 

There  are  delinquent  upon  the  fol  owing  described 
stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  May  8th,  1872, 
the  several  amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  re- 
spective shareholders,  as  follows: 

Name.                No.  Certificate.  Shares.    Amount. 

SloBSon,  R.  D 7  550  *llt) 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the. 
Board  of  Trustees,  mode  on  the  8th  day  of  May,  1872,  so 
many  BhareBof  each  parcel  of  stock,  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  320  California  street,  room  No.  5,  San 
Francisco,  California,  on  Monday,  the  first  day  of  .Tnly, 
1872,  at  two  o'clock,  P.  M.,  of  that  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent assessments  thereon,  togetherwith  cost  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  ol"  sale. 

Junl5-3t  GEO.  R.  SPINNEY,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  June  13,  1872. 


Stockholders'     Meeting— Office    of     the 

Hardy  i;oal  Mining  Company,  San  FranciBco.  June  4, 1872 
In  accordance  with  n  resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Hardy  Coal  Mining  Company,  held  this 
day,  a  special  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  said  company 
Is  hereby  called,  the  same  to  be  held  at  the  office  of  th« 
company.  :i:w  Montgomery  street,  Satt  Francisco,  Califor- 
nia, on  Tuesday,  the  i*th  day  of  July,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m.,  to 
take  into  consideration  and  decide  upon  the  proposition 
to  increase  the  capital  stock  of  the  said  company,  from 
two  hundred  thousand  dollars,  divided  into  lonr  hundred 
shares  of  five  hundred  dollars  each,  the  present  capital 
stock  of  the  company,  to  five  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
divided  into  five  thousand  shares  of  one  hundred  dollars 
each.  L  BaRTLETT,  j 

Ei  WARD  McLEAN,    /Trustees 
JACOB  HARDY,  ) 


Stockholders  Meeting.— Office  of  the  Si!- 

vcr  Sprout  Mining  Company,  No.  318  California  street,  San 

Francisco.  May  23,  1872.  '  .  ' 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  the  annual   meeting  of  the 

stockholders  in  the  above  named  company  will  be  held  at 

their  office.  No.  318  California  street,  (Room  No.  1,  second 

floor,)   San  Francisco,  on  Tuesday,  the  25th  day  of  Juno, 

1872.  at  the  hour  of  1  o'clock  p.m. 

may'25-4t  T.  B.  WINGARD,  Secretary. 


Piermont  Milling  and  Mining  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Piermont  Mining  District,  White 
Pine  County,  Nevada. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.:s)  levied 
on  the  lGth  day  of  April,  1872,  tho  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders  as 
follows: 
Names.  No,  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Briggs,  Charles  A 15  583J$  5238.33 

Briggs,  Charles  A 47  111  44.40 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 21  1000  400.00 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 23  1000  400.00 

Perkins,  J  E,  Trustee 41  381  152.40 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1872, 
so  many  shareB  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  bk  may  be 
necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  on  the  19th  day  of  June,  1872,  at  the  hour 
of  2  o'clock  p.  m.  of  Baid  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent 
assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  J-  W.  CLARK,  Secretary. 

Office,  418  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.     m25 


Woodland    Gold    Mining    Company— Lo- 

cation  of  works.  West  Point  Mining  District,  Cala-veras 
County,  California.  <\    ' 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tne  Board  ot 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  cu  the  21.-t  day  of  May,  iH72, 
an  asseesment  of  12,'-5  cents  per  shure  wis  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
United  Statesgold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of 
the  company,  Room  GJ,  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  California.  Any  stock  upon  whica 
said  assessment  ^hail  remain  unpaid  on  the  25th  day  of 
June,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly 
advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unlesB  paymeut 
shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  lGth  day 
of  July,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees.  F.  MADGEt  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  G4  Merchants'  Exchange,  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  California.  may25-td 


382 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSi 


[June  15,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 


E9TABIJSHED    1851. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

[EA   P.   KANK.IIV,  A.  P.  BBATXOS, 

GEO.  W.  FO06,  Superintendent. 

.*-teainEii«rille!S  and  Boilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first? 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
srices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

By  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
■tpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  CELE- 
BRATED PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  &ODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

©Tl^-A-M    ENGINES, 
Quartz*    Flour    and.    ©aw    Mills, 

Hayes'  Improved    Steam   Pump,  Brodle'a  Im- 
proved      Crusher,      Mining     Fnmpi, 
Amalgamator  a*  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How- 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-qy 


GEORGE    T.    PRACT, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission  Street, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Worka  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and,  -we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  ia  to  say: — 

STEAM    ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QTJABTZ    MACHINERY 
^Printing   Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  unequaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  k  OO.'S. 

ALSO,  MAHUFAOTUBEB  AND  SOLE  AGENT  FOB 

Praoy's    Celebrated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4Y23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacrajucnto. 
■WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS, 

CROSS'  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  ANI>  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS. 

Dunbar's  Patent  Self-Adlnstlnu  Steam  Flston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kind*  of  Mining  Mitehlnery. 

Front  Street,  between  IV  and  O  streets, 

Saorakbmto  Cut 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD   AND  OTHER   IRON 

'    '     — AHD  — 

Every  Variety  of  Shafting;, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 

Steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con* 

nectlng  Sods,  Car  and  Xiocomotive  Axles 

and  Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAMMERED     IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

»ty  Orders  addressed  to     PACIFIC    ROLLING     MILL 

3JMPANY  Post  Office,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,will     ceive 

prompt  attention 

JW  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  Vviiim 


ROOT'S   PATENT  FORCE   BLAST    ROTARY   BLOWER, 

ILANTJFACTIJTiED  AT  THE 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First   Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Requires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foun- 
dry, San  Francisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron< 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Sorse-Power  ana 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

**»«  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

steam:  pumps. 

PICKERING'S 

Engine    Regulators. 

GLFPARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BARTOL'S 

STEAM    TRAP. 
Surface   Condensers. 
DAVllTsTODDART, 

114  BBALE  STREET,  S.  P. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

IP.  I.  CURST  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  "Works),  Proprietor. 
High  and  Low 


Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 
SOLE 

Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEB RATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIP/TION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 

Repairing: 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    RISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  18K 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  of  JtStn.lt:  and  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

JM  rectors: 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  MoLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD , Secretary. 

24vl7-o.y 

OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  First  St.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &"BOLAlSrD, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  ol  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  mating  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 

Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Fbanoisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SOHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILLE   FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating;  Machinery, 

SAW  AND  GKIST  MILLS, 

STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 

Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.  Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  e\  ery- 
thing  required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 

6v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


CALIFORNIA   BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  125  First  street,  apposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

All  kihds  of  Brass,  Composition  .Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Meta 
Oastings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  HInges.Ship  and  Steamboat  Bells  ana 
dongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
iraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
tt3-  PRICES  MODERATE,  -fficr 
J.   H.  WEED'  V.  KING  WELL. 


H-    «T.    BOOTH    &,    CJO-, 

U  N  ION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast) . 

Cor.    First   and    Mission    ©ts., 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Kepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  Bet  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  siza. 

Irrigating-    Pumps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J. BOOTH.  GEO.  W. PRESCOTT.  IRVINGM.  SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


SAW    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    TTOOaitS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUFACTURERS  OE  ALL  KIHDS   OF 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship   or 
"   Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA.      EOtnVXHCY, 


LI6HT  AND  HMTT  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 


FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridgeton,  N.  J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  aU  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-lb,  Can  Press  for  $65;    Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $16,  etc.  13v24-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators, 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  by  all  engineers 
to  be  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  B  into  the  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  steam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodfi  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enter  the  cup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14,  1871.  Manufactured  by 
California  Brass  Works,  125  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  316  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

5CHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 
J.  GUS.  BURT. 


June  15,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


383 


MILL      STONES*. 


Portable  Kills,  Eureka  Smut  Machines. 
Bnn  DtiBtcni,  Dufour  k  Co.'a  Celebrated  Dutch  Anchor 
Bolting  Cloth*,  anil  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

TRAVIS    &    WACNER, 

18vii-3m  41  Firwt  street,  San  Franciaco. 


MOLDING,    MOBTISING, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 
_j  SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,  ETC., 
For  Railroad.  Car,  and  Agdj- 
CTLTD1UL  SnoPH,  Etc.,  Etc. 
•y  Superior  to  any  in  use 

J.   A.   FAY   &   CO., 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANCTACTTJBF.RS     OF 


WOOD-WORKING  lELACHINERY, 

3003  Chestnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

Philadelphia. 


*7~  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v23-ly 


Varney's   Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  ftlnchlnes  Stand  Unrivaled* 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  In  operation,  not  one  baB 
ever  reqnired  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
Into  the  pulp,  or  with  Bteam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows-. 

The  pan  being  fillod ,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  tho  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  it 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  tbe  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setters  made  on  tho  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  In  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  panB  and  setlere 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


The  Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     USE] 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LORD  k  PETERS,  Agents, 
304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
&~  8end  for  Circular.  13v24-3m 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  Btreet,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAB, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  "Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


QUICKSILVER. 


QUICKSILVER    FOR    SALE,    IN    LOTS    TO     SUIT, 

—  BY  — 

C.    J.    BBENHAM, 
23v24-tf  217  Sansomo  street,  S.  F. 


PAINTING. 

HOUSE     AlfD      SIOW. 

&~  Walls  Whitened  or  Tinted. 

E.    H.    GADSBY, 

7v3-eowbp  685  Market  street,  San  Francisco 


PATENT    ^AUTOMATIC    STEAM    VACUUM    PUMP. 

Patented     May     17,     1870. 


Manufactured    by    HANSCOM    &    CO.,    Etna    Iron    Works, 


SEND  FOR  CIRCULAR. 


21v21-lams-lanir 


SAN    FKANCISCO,    CAL. 


Wheelwrights   and    Blacksmiths,    Attention ! 

TIRE    U.PJETTEB! 

The  Only  Successful  One  Yet. 
HUGHESMPATENT. 

We  call  attention  to  the  following  Certificates  from 
parties  who  have  used  our  Machines,  and  CHALLENGE 
COMPARISON,  side  by  side,  with  any  other  Upsetter, 
EITHER  FOR  LIGHT  OR  HEAVY  WORK. 

Extracts  from  Testimonials* 

We  have  had  a  Hughes  Improved  Tire  Upsetter  in  use  for 
about  three  years,  and  in  all  that  time  have  found  it  a  most 
valuable  Machine  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  intend- 
ed. It  is  strong,  not  liable  to  get  out  of  repair,  upsets  the 
tire  well  without  makinj;  any  bul^e  ti  he  hammered  out,  ami 
without  diBfignring  tho  tire  in  uny  way.  It  is  Quickly  adjust- 
ed to  any  size  of  tire,  and  entirely  does  away  with  any  neces- 
sity for  cutting  and  welding.  *  *  We  give  it  a  hearty  recom- 
mendation to  others  in  the  Wagon  and  Wheelwright,  or 
Blacksmith  business,  and  feel  that  we  cannot  speak  too 
warmly  in  its  favor.    It  is  a  first-rate  success. 

Yours,  very  truly,  SAUL  &  CO., 

Nos.  7  and  9  Powell  street,  San  Francisco. 

Stockton,  March  16. 1872.— This  is  to  certify  that  we  hive 
used  the  Hughes  Tiro  Upsetting  Machine  for  three  years,  and 
can  recommend  it  as  a  urst-rate  Machine  for  fitting  heavy 
Tires!  WM.  P.  MILLER. 

We  also  refer  to  John  Dupuy,  538  Broadway  st.,  S.  F. : 
Bernhvrd  Gallagher,  222  Mission  at.,  S.  F;  Kimhall  A 
Co  cor.  Fourth  and  Bryant  sts.,  S.  F. ;  Lahkin  &  Co.,  631 
Howard  st.,  S.  F. :  T.  D.  Lamkb,  N  E.  cor.  Seventeenth  and 
Valencia  sts.,  S.  F.;  Cunningham  &  Parker,  6H  ttfliand  658 
Howard  at.,  S.  F. 

The 


TIRE  UPSETTER  IN  POSITION. 


With  this  Machine  two  men  can  upset  tbe  heaviest  Tire  in  a  few  seconds  after  the  Tire  is  heated 
strength  of  a  child  is  enough  to  operate  it.    There  are  no  nuts,  bolts,  or  screws  about  it  to  break. 

PRICE  $50  GOLD  COIN,  delivered  in  San  Francisco,  ready  for  use  or  transportation.    If  the  Machine 
Is  found  not  to  do  its  work  well,  we  wiU  refund  the  price. 

CUTTER    &    CO., 

Sole  Proprietors  and  Agents  for  all  the  States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Office  and  Address — 410  Kearny  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  21v3-bpsa 


THEODORE   KAXLENBEKG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Dies, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


CALDWELL'! 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v24-3m  WM.  CALDWELL. 


California  File  Mannf 'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  8an  Francisco. 

^Manufacturers  of  New  Piles. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BEAPEBAND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  tho  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


Metallurgy  and  Ores, 


RODG-ERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

Od  all  ktndi  or  Ore*,  and  particular  m  t  niiioi 

PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  GOODS. 

ivtMm 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

I'-ii    Montgomery   St.  op  -lull-. 

Particular  attention  Riven  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores, 
Mlm  rain,  Metallurgical  Produdts,  Mineral  Watt-re, 
Soils,  Commercial  Artkli IS,  EtO. 

Oue  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal instruction  in  At-Paying.  Analysts,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laburutory.  Ilv21-3ui 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  ol  tho  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallursj  ■<•!>? 

CHEMIST, 

No.     Oil    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposlto  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint , 

San  Fkancisco,  Cal.  7y21-3ib 


J.   W.   THUBMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  &  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  OBDEKS  EXECUTED  AT  THE  SHORTEST  NOTICE.  5v".M-tim 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    fiia    CALIFORNIA    STREF.T, 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Fbancisco. 

J.   A.   MARS,   Assayer. 
<y  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Watere,  eto.        10v20 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA, 

Richardson  &  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  years  established 
in  Swansea  as  Agents  for  the  preparation.  Sampling,  Assay- 
ing, and  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Gold, Lead,  Zinc,  and  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  for  which  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  undercover.  1,000  feet  of  Quay  Front- 
ace  within  the  Floating  Dock,  and  the  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  against  Ores  in  anticipation  of  realization,  and  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  required.  17v21-ly 


G.  W.  STKONQ. 


W.  L. STHONU 


G.  W.  STRONG   &   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Filancisco 


We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
TeBts  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.,  Eto. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Pujvobcb 
H.  M  RAYNOK, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  22vl8  ; 


S3J- 


BUT  BARBER'S  BIT  BRACE. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  OF  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  'find  514  "Washington  street,  SAN  FRANOISCO. 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 

— AND  — 

Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

Assay  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp, 

Chemical  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  k  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  WeightB—  Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces — Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Fcorifl- 
ers.  Roasting  DiBhes,  Annealing  Cups,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  and  Covers — 
all  sizes. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware—a full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order, 

ACIDS   AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys«nd  bottles,  commercially  and  chenit 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Aflhes.  Litharee. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
ti&~  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO, 


334 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  15,  1872. 


Scientific  Press 

m 


Otjb  TJ.  S.  and  Fohf.ign  Patent  Agency  presents 
many  and  important  advantages  as  a  Home  Agency  over 
all  others  by  reasons  of  long  establishment,  great  expe- 
rience, thorough  system,  and  intimate  acquaintance 
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WITH   EXPEBIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

busineBS,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers of  the  SCIENTIFIC  PBESS  and  the  PACIFIC  BU- 
BAL PBESS,  No.  338  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 


THE     GIANT    POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 
GIANT    POWDER,  A.  ISO.    S    GIANT    FOWDEIS., 

Somewhat  Blower  in  its  Explosion,  which  we  recommend  for 

bank:   blasting,    coal    miives, 

AND    FOB    ALL    SUCH    WOEK   WHERE    THE    BOCK    IS    NOT    VEEY    HAItD 
It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

I»rloe.    BO  Cents  per    Found. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 
20v22-3ml6p 


BANDMANN,  NIELSEN"  &  CO., 

General  Agents,  No.  210  Front  Street. 


IMPORTANT    MINING    BOOK. 


Mines,  Mills,  and  Furnaces  of  the  Pacific 

States  and  Territories;  An  Account  of  the  Condition, 
Resources,  and  Methods  of  the  Mining  and  Metallur- 
gical Industry  in  those  Regions,  Chiefly  Relating  to 
the  Precious  Metals.    By  Rossiter  W.  Raymond,  Ph, 
D.,  Vice-President  Am.  Inst,  of  Minipg  Engineers; 
Editor  "  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal."    Author 
of  "  Mines  of  the  "West,"  "American  Mines  and  Min- 
ing," etc.    J.  B.  Ford  &  Co.,  1  vol.  8vo.  458  pp.  Ex- 
Cloth.    Sold  by   Dewey   &    Co.,   publishers  Scien- 
tific Press,  San  Francisco,  at  publishers'  rates,  $3.50. 
This  volume  -will  scarcely  need  to  db  recommended  to 
those  who  are  acquainted  with  the  "Mines  of  the  West," 
"American  Mines  and  Mining,"  and  other  professional 
publications  of  its  author.    The  present  work  is  iu  no 
sense  a  repetition  of  Mr.  Raymond's  former  ones.    It 
contains  a  full  and  comprehensive  account  of  the  con- 
dition of  the  gold  and  silver  mining  industry  of  the 
United  States,  with  practical  recommendations  of  great 
importance  to  those  engaged  in  it.    The  chapter  on  the 
treatment  of  auriferous  ores  in  Colorado  is  the  best  ac- 
count of  the  stamp-mill  process  ever  published  in  this 
country;  and  the  general  discussion  of  smelting  processes 
for  silver  ores  supplies  an  instant  want.    The  series  of 
volumes,  of  which  this  forms  the  third,  which  have 
proceeded  from  the  rapid  but  careful  pen  of  Commis- 
sioner Raymond,  are  recogDized  in  this  country  and  iu 
Europe  as  professionally  authoritative  and  popularly 
interesting  to  a  remarkable  degree.    To  be  technically 
accurate,  but  not  technically  abstruse,  is  their  salient 
and  acknowledged  merit. 

.__  . 


o.  :p._jr.  r. 

COMMENCING 

Monday,   April  29th,    1872. 
And  until  further  notice,  Trains  and  Boats  will 

LEAVE    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


7  fiO  ■*-  M-  Overland  Express  Train  for  Sacramento, 
i.vv  Maryaville,  Red  Bluff,  Colfax,  Reno,  Ogden  and 
Omaha. 


3  00  p*  JI*    ®an  J°se  Passenger  Train,  stopping  at  all 
**■*'**  way  Stations. 


g  3Q  P.  M.    Overland  Emigrant  Train,  Through  Freight 
**•**»*  and  Accommodation. 


V  OA  A.  M.  Steamer  New  World  (from  Broadway  Wharf) 
■•****  —Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  Trains  of  California 
Pacific  Railroad. 


A  YaluaVe  and  Attractive  Patent  for  Sale. 

Unna's   New   Patent    Magnetic    Building 
Blocks  for  Children. 


It  is  a  toy  that  both  pleases  and  instructs.  The  philo- 
sophical principles  it  illustrates  give  it  a  living  interest, 
which  delights  both  old  and  young.  They  are  made  as 
cheap  as  wooden  blocks,  are  more  attractive,  will  not 
break,  but  will  last  indefinitely. 

Magnetism  holds  the  blocks  together,  and  enables 
children  to  easily  build  them  into  forms  iu  which  they 
will  hold  themselves.  For  the  same  reason  of  adhesive- 
ness, the  blocks  can  be  made  in  simple  and  eaBy  forms. 
The  Patent  was  allowed  April  80, 1872,  and  will  soon 
issue.  Rights  for  territory  or  for  manufacturing  for 
sale.    Address  soon, 

JACOB    UNNA, 
Office  of  the  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


The  Dewey  Toy  Engine— Patent  Secured. 

NOVELTY  COM- 
BINED WITH  AMUSE- 
MENT AND  INSTRUC- 
TION. Most  Ingenious 
Toy  of  the  Nineteenih 
Century.  A  Genuine 
Steam  Working  Engine, 
a  Model  of  its  Style, 
Complete  and  Perfect  in 
all  its  Parts.  Adapted 
to  tlie  wants  of  tbe  Stu- 
dent, School-Room,  and 
Parlor.  This  is  not  a 
humbug,  but  is  a  genu- 
ine Steam  Engine,  with 
Boiler,  Cylinder,  Piston, 
Fly-wheel.  Safety  and 
Throttle  Valve,  and  a 
Grooved  Pulley  for  im- 
parting motion  to  other 
Toys.  This  Engine  is  de- 
signed fdr  something  more  than  temporary  amusement,  as 
it  will  afford  the  means  of  amusement  for  the  old  as  well  as 
the  young,  and  prove  to  be  a  source  of  pleasure  and  profit 
to  all.  Explosion  Impossible,  if  Directions  are  followed. 
Send  for  descriptive  circular.  WIESTER  &  CO., 

17  New  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 


Sacramento    Steamer     (from    Broadway 
......  .., .    Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  trains  of  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad. 

O   flfl  P.  M.*    Steamer  Antelope,  from  Broailwuy  Wharf 
c,,wu  connecting  at  r 
North  Pacific  Railroad. 


O  (If)  A.  M.  Excursion  Boat  (Sundays  only)  from  Broad- 
o  ■  uu  way  "Wharf,  connecting  with  Special  Train  of  S.  F. 
&  N .  P.  R.  R.  for  Cloverdale  and  intermediate  points,  re- 
turning to  San  Francisco  by  7  f.  m. 


OAKLAND  BRANCH.-Le.vve  San  Fkancisco,  7  UU 
8  10,  9  Zu,  10  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  1210, 150,  3  00,4  00,  5 15,630.  8  0S 
9.20  and  *11  30  p.  m.    (9  20. 11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  "5  30,  6  40, 1  50,  9  00  and  11  00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  55,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland,  *5  40,  6  50,  8  00,  9  10,  10  00,  and  11 10  a. 
m.,  1200, 1  40,  2  50,  3  50,  5  05,  6 20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m, 


■Leave  San  Fbancisco,  7  20, 9  ro, 
*"  and  7  Ou  p.  m.    (7  20, 11 15,  and 


ALAMEDA  BRANCH, 
and  11 15  a.m.,  1  30,4  00, 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  Haywards,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p. 

Leave  Fruit  Vale,  "5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m..  1 

05  and  5  30  p.  m.  *  Except  Sundays. 

T.  H.  aOOBMLAN,  A.  N.  TGWNE, 

Gen'l  Paes'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. Gen'l  Snpt 


FAIRBANKS. 


Wagons, 


FOR    SALE. 
A   i0-STAMP    QUARTZ    MILL, 

Known  as  the  Montezuma  Mill,  in  Monte- 
zuma District,  Nye  County,  Nevada. 

All  in  running  order,  with  Pans,  Belting,  Furnaces, 
etc.  Iu  a  good  locality  for  custom  work.  The  mill  can 
remain  or  be  removed. 

THIS  PROPERTY  CAN  BE  BOUGHT  AT 
A  LOW  FIGURE. 

Inquire  of  R.  T.  VAN  NOEDEN, 

C07  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 
24v2J-tf 


THE    UNITED    STATES 

6,000  to  40,000  Pounds  Capacity. 

:HE    SAME     SCALE     IS     USED    FOR    WEIGHING 
CATTLE,    HOGS,    ETC. 

Scales  of  every  kind.    Address 

FAIRBANKS  &  HUTCHINSON, 

126  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

Agents  for  Miles'  Alarm  Monet  Drawers. 
17v3-eowbp6m 


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Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
Piles  that  ID©  King's  JPlle 
Remedy  fails  to  cure.  It  is  pre- 
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all  Druggists.    Price  $1.00. 

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Purchasers  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  Press. 


A     Blake's     Crusher 

FOR    SALE    CHEAP. 

One  of  Blake's  Patent  Ore  Crushers,  size  8x10,  second- 
hand and  in  perfect  order,  is  offered  for  sale  cheap.  Also, 

A  STEAM  ENGINE, 

8xlG,  and  another  6x12,  second-hand  and  in  good  order. 
Also, 

A  New    Mining    Pump, 

6-inch  bore  and  5-feet  stroke,  double  acting. 

All  of  the  above  will  be  sold  at  good  bargains  by 

J.    EENDT, 
21v24tf  No.  32  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


Important    to    Miners. 

FKEY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current    and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  address 
"W-A/TJEIfciS  «&;  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 

NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
16v24-3m 


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CITY  A 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder,  Jf* 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANTTFACTPHEB9  OE 

Brass,  Zinoand'  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

C  A8TIW  GS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

T1VERM    AND  AND     ISKI.J.S,     OOstjS, 

FIRE   ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt'a  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

(^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  .OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GAURATT,  JAMBS  HHiLMAN,  w.  t.  little. 

N.  W.  SPATJLDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANTJFAOrtTEER  OI"' 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  mout  durable  and  economl. 
cal  Sa-ws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  Warranted  in  every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
BAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  BOYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

Sam  Feanctsoo. 


LEA    &    PERRINS' 


CELEBRATED 

Worcestershire    Sauce. 

Declared  by  Connois- 
seurs to  be  the  only  good 
Sauce. 

Caution  Against  Fraud. 
The  success  of  this  most 
delicious  and  unrivalled 
Condiment  having  caused  certain  dealers  to 
apply  the  name  of  "Worcestershire  Sauce" 
to  their  own  inferior  compounds,  the  public 
is  hereby  informed  that  the  only  wny  to 
secure  the  genuine  is  to  ask  fob  Lea  & 
Pekeins'  Sauce,  and  see  that  their  names 
are  upon  the  wrapper,  labels,  stopper  and 
bottle. 

Some  of  the  foreign  markets  having  been 
supplied  with  a  spurious  "Worcestershire 
sauce,  upon  the  wrapper  and  labels  of  which  the  names 
of  Lea  and  Perrins  have  been  forged,  L.  and  P.  give 
notice  that  they  have  furnished  their  correspondents 
with  power  of  attorney  to  take  instant  proceedings 
against  manufacturers  and  vendors  of  such,  or  any 
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N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
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LAWS;  information  how  to  obtain  patents,  and  about  the 
rights  and  privileges  of  inventors  and  patentees;  list  of 
Goverment  fees,  practical  hints,  etc.,  etc.  AddressDEWE  Y 
&  CO.,  Publishers  and  Patent  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


BY    DEW-EY    .v     CO., 
Patent    Solicitor**. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  22,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
Number   Sf5. 


The  Flying  Fish. 

There  are  several  varieties  of  the  flying  fish; 
all  similar  in  appearance  to  the  one  herewith 
illustrated.  They  are  all  characterized  by  an 
excessive  development  of  the  pectorals,  which 
assume  the  form  of  wings,  and  are  used  as  such. 
Their  length  and  power  is  sufficient  to  enable 
the  possessors  to  support  themselves  in  the  air 
for  a  moment  only.  Fishes  of  this  family  are 
found  in  all  warm  and  temperate  seas.  They 
are  all  small,  varying  in  length  from  four  to 
about  twelve  inches. 


An  Unexpected  Disappointment. 

At  the  last  meeting  of  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences,  the  proceedings  of  which  will  be 
found  in  another  column,  the  President  as 
Chairman  of  the  Joint  Committeeo  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  California  Academy 
of  Sciences,  announced  that  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advncement  of  Science,  who  had 
intended  to  meet  in  San  Francisco,  in  August, 
had  notified  the  Committee  of  a  change  in  their 
arrangements,  and  that  they  would  meet  at  Du- 
buque, Iowa,  instead  of  in  this  city.  All  the 
correspondence  in  relation  to  the  matter  was 
read,  and  as  some  misunderstanding  may  exi^t 
as  to  the  reasons  for  the  change,  we  append  the 
report  of  the  above  mentioned  committee  who 
had  charge  of  the  preparations,  since  it  explains 
the  whole  affair. 

San  Francisco,  June  13th,  1872. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Committees  of  the  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce  and  the  California  Academy 
of  Sciences,  held  this  afternoon— present  Messrs. 
Eldridge,  Wise,  J.  Heuston  and  Davidson,  the 
latter  acting  as  Secretary,  Professor  Davidson 
reported  that  since  the  last  meeting  of  the 
committees  he  had  received  a  telegram  from 
Professor  Lovering,  permanent  Secretary  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  stating  that  the  Association  would 
meet  in  Dubuque,  Iowa.  The  committee  desire 
briefly  to  state  a  history  of  the  correspondence 
with  the  American  Association. 

One  year  since  the  California  Academy  of 
Sciences  ascertained  from  some  of  our  promi- 
nent citizens  that  they  could  raise  sufficient 
funds  by  subcription  to  entertain  the   members 
of  the  American  Association  and  their  expected 
European  guests,  and  asked  the  President  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  to  join  in  the  invi- 
tation. This  was  acceededto,  and  the  invitation 
extended  in  July,   1871.      At  the  last  August 
meeting  of  the  Association  in  Indianapolis,  the 
invitation  was  accepted,  provided  the  railroad 
fares  could  be  secured  at  sufiicienly   low  rates. 
The  President  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad 
had  already  procured  to  the  Academy  of  Sciences 
reduced  rates  for  their  guests  on  the  Central 
Pacific  and  Union  Pacific  railroads,  with  the  as- 
surance that  he  would  do  better.    In  the  East, 
the  President  of  the  American  Association  un- 
dertook the  whole  arrangement  of  the  matter  of 
fares  over  all  lines,  and  having  succeeded  to  his 
satisfaction,  announced  that  the  next  annual 
meeting  would  be  held  in  San  Francisco,  in 
August   Subsequently  under  date  of  May  _  17th, 
the  permanent  Secretary    of  the    Association 
stated  to  usin  writing,  that  the  terms  of  the  fare 
were  much  less  favorable  than  they  had    sup- 
posed,   and  asked  if  the    scientific  men   and 
citizens  of  San  Francisco  desired  the  meeting 
here.    We  responded  by  letter  of  June  3d,  that 
we  meant  all  we  expressedin  the  invitation,  and 
continued  it,  promising  all  the  assistance  and 
courtesies  usually  extended  on  similar  occasions ; 
that  we  had  already  secured  the  use  of  halls, 
etc.,  but  if  they  would  not  come  now,  we  would 
renew  the  invitation  at  another  time.      On  the 
8th  inst,  a  telegram  was  received  asking  whether 
the  Association    was  expected  to  meet  in  San 
Francisoo,  and  an  answer  telegraphed  that  we 
had  written  for  their  decision.      On  the  12th 
inst,  the  permanent  Secretary  of  the  Associ- 
ation telegraphed  that  our  letter  was  received 
and  the  Association  would  meet  at  Dubuque, 
Iowa.    We  have  acknowledged  the   telegram, 
expressing  our  regrets. 

This  letter  was  signed  by  Prof.  Davidson, 
Chairman  of  the  Joint  Committee  of  the  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce  and  the  California  Academy 
of  Soiences, 


Low  Heat  Evaporators. 

In  all  large  sugar-making  or  sugar-refining 
establishments,  one  of  the  most  important  ap- 
pliances that  mako  up  the  grand  total  of  their 
machinery,  is  the  vacuum  pan.  All  manner  of 
saccharine  juices  as  they  are  obtained  from 
cane,  beet,  maple  or  sorghum  are,  or  can  be, 
easily  evaporated  without  danger  of  injury 
from  burning,  to  the  consistency  of  heavy  syr- 
rup,  by  almost  any  of  the  various  open  air 
evaporations  now  in  use,  under  the  ordinary 
pressure  of  the  atmosphere.  But  when  it  be- 
comes necessary  to  further  concentrate  the 
syrup  to  the  point  of  crystallization  and  con- 


posed  of  a  hollow  disk  at  each  end,  connected 
by  a  number  of  copper  tubes,  two  inches  in 
diameter;  these  are  brazed  at  each  end  perfectly 
tight. 

The  hollow  disks  and  the  pipes  connecting 
them  are  heated  by  steam,  usually  the  exhaust 
steam  of  an  engine,  or  the  heated  air  and  gases 
from  the  furnace  before  passing  into  the  chim- 
ney. Either  of  these  is  made  to  pass  through 
the  disk  and  tubes,  entering  at  one  end  of  the 
shaft  which  is  hollow,  and  passing  out  at  the 
other. 

The  juice  or  syrup  being  placed  in  the  pan, 
and  the  cylinder  made  to  revolve,  a  rapid  evap- 
oration ensues  at  a  temperature   quite  below 


THE    FLYING    FISH. 


version  into  sugar,  there  is  great  danger  of 
burning  the  same  on  account  of  its  greatly  in- 
creased density. 

It  is  when  in  this  condition,  that  the  utility 
of  the  vacuum  pan  is  brought  prominently  out; 
for  by  its  use,  instead  of  requiring  a  heat  of 
212°  Fah.  and  over  to  produce  ebullition  and 
evaporation,  by  exhausting  the  air  from  the 
pan  the  syrup  is  concentrated  by  a  rapid  evapo- 


212°  or  the  boiling  point  of  water.  The  same 
apparatus  is  equally  applicable  to  the  concen- 
tration of  saline  waters,  or  those  containing  any 
of  the  mineral  salts. 

From  the  principles  upon  which  this  method 
of  concentration  is  based,  it  is  evident  that  its 
successful  working  will  depend  upon  the  degree 
of  dryness  of  the  atmosphere  and  upon  the  rap- 
idity with  which  the  air  passes  over  the  surface 


LOW     HEAT     EVAPORATOR. 


ration  of  the  water  it  contains  at  a  heat  rang- 
ing from  150°  to  180°  Fah.  which  precludes  the 
possibility  of  injuring  the  syrup  by  burning. 

The  objection  to  the  vacuum  pan  for  common 
use  among  farmers  who  would  otherwise  make 
their  own  sugar  in  many  more  instances  than 
now,  is  its  great  cost,  ranging  from  $2,500  to 
$8,000,  depending  upon  size,  and  whether  made 
of  copper  or  iron. 

To  supply  the  want  so  seriously  felt,  a  great 
many  attempts  have  been  made  to  construct  ap- 
paratus that  would  concentrate  syrups  under 
the  ordinary  pressure  of  the  atmosphere.  The 
result  has  been,  a  number  of  contrivances  more 
or  less  well  adapted  to  the  purpose. 

One  of  the  very  best  of  these  is  figured  in  our 
illustration,  and  consists  of  an  iron  or  copper 
pan  in  the  form  of  a  half  of  a  hollow  cylinder, 
in  which  is  placed  an  open  ribbed  cylinder  oom- 


of  the  syrup.  The  apparatus  should  therefore 
always,  when  it  is  practicable,  be  placed  at  the 
windward  side  of  the  house;  at  all  events  it 
should  be  beyond  the  influence  of  the  vapors 
which  arise  from  other  evaporating  vessels. 

In  this  pan  it  will  be  observed  in  the  illus- 
tration that  the  pipes  are  curved  into  a  spiral 
instead  of  being  straight,  this  curvature  avoid- 
ing the  beating  action  in  entering  the  syrup, 
which  causes  frothing,  affords  greater  facility 
for  the  removal  of  the  condensed  water,  and  en- 
ables a  greater  quantity  of  heating  surface  to  be 
got  within  a  given  space. 

We  might  montion  other  arrangements  of 
low  temperature  pans,  but  all  are  constructed 
upon  the  same  principles  and  we  believe  that 
none  are  superior  to  the  one  we  have  described. 

It  can  be  used  with  great  economy  where  the 
atmosphere  is  dry  and  has  a  brisk  motion. 


An  Invention   Wanted. 

The  "Committee  on  Railroadlmprovementb" 
write  to  the  Boston  Daily  Adcertiatr,  offering 
to  pay  the  sum  of  $10,000  to  any  one  who  shall 
within  two  years  from  January  1st,  1873,  invent 
a  system  of  signals  which  shall  supplant  the 
use  of  steam  whistles  on  railroads  and  which 
shall  be  pronounced  by  competent  judgeB  to  be 
free  from  the  evils  of  the  present  system,  at- 
tended with  no  discomfort  to  passengers  on  the 
trains,  or  the  highways,  or  to  residents  along 
the  line  of  the  railroads.  The  idea  of  doing 
away  with  steam-whistles  on  railroads  may 
seem  somewhat  preposterous  to  many,  but  the 
committee  bring  many  objections  against  its 
use,  stating  that  thousands  of  persons,  sick  and 
well,  are  disturbed  by  it  day  and  night,  etc. 
They  think  that  some  substitute  for  it  may  be 
found  suitable  not  only  for  locomotives  but  for 
manufacturing  establishments,  steamboats,  etc., 
and  with  this  view  offer  the  above  reward  through 
the  columns  of  the  Advertiser.  One  fifth  of  the 
amount  thus  pledged  shall  be  paid  to  the  author 
of  the  improved  invention  at  any  time  within 
the  period  specified  whenever  its  claims  shall 
have  been  substantiated  by  the  appointed  judges 
and  the  balance  whenever  the  invention  shall 
be  addopted  and  used  by  a  majority  of  the  rail- 
road companies  in  New  England,  provided  such 
adoption  be  previous  to  January  1st,  1877.  The 
letter  says  the  judges  shall  be:"  the  chairman 
of  the  Masachusetts  Board  of  Railway  Commis- 
sioners: the  President  of  the  Boston  and  Al- 
bany and  Boston  and  Marine  railroad  compan- 
ies: the  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering  in  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  and  the 
chief  locomotive  engineer  on  the  Boston  and 
Albany  railroad.  If  any  of  these  gentlemen  de- 
cline serving,  the  donors  reserve  the  right  of 
appointing  substitutes. 

At  present  railway  whistles  are  a  necessity 
for  oalling  the  attention  of  switchmen  or  when 
approaching  stations  or  crossings,  etc.,  and  it 
would  be  unsafe  to  rely  entirely  upon  a  bell, 
Bince  it  cannot  be  heard  for  any  great  distance. 
It  can  not  be  done  away  with  unless  some  suit- 
able substitute  is  at  hand,  and  this  reward  is 
offered  to  stimulate  the  inventive  faculty  of  the 
people  in  that  direction.  We  hope  that  some 
of  our  California  inventors  will  turn  their  atten- 
tion to  the  matter  and  try  their  chances  in  se- 
curing the  reward. 

Japanese  Advancement 

The  Japanese  Government  has  recently  shown 
a  laudable  disposition  to  encourage  and  develo 
in  their  own  country  the  improvements  of  mod- 
ern civilization,  and  to  this  end  it  has  within  the 
past  few  years  imported  from  the  United  States 
and  various  parts  of  Europe,  skilled  workmen  n 
almost  every  branch  of  industry.  It  seems 
that  among  other  valuable  leBsons  gathered  by 
their  liberal  policy  of  sending  out  Ambassadors 
to  the  various  civilized  countries  of  the  world 
in  order  to  learn  the  most  practicable  plan  for 
the  encouragement  of  home  industries,  they 
have  learned  that  the  best  way  to  encourage 
improvements  and  consequently  advancements 
in  the  various  branches  of  science  and  art,  it  is 
necessary  to  have  a  law  protecting  and  reward- 
ing inventors. 

To  this  end  we  see  that  a  patent  law  has  re- 
cently been  enacted  which  will  not  only  protect 
their  home  inventions,  but  induce  foreign  in- 
ventors to  bring  their  new  ideas  to  the  Japanese 
country.  Many  of  our  American  patentees 
could  secure  a  patent  in  Japan,  with  great 
profit  to  themselves,  and  we  do  not  doubt  but 
that  it  will  in  the  course  of  a  few  years  be  one 
of  the  best  fields  for  the  successful  inventor. 
Now  that  the  doors  have  just  been  opened  we 
expect  to  do  a  lively  business  in  Japanese 
patents,  as  the  chances  are  that  the  first  patents 
introduced  into  that  country  will  be  the  most 
profitable. 


386 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  22,  1872. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 
Mines  of    Humboldt  County,   Nevada. 

[Written  for  the  SoiENnno  PjtEss.j 

Wrecks  Everywhere— Renewing  the  Struggle. 

I11  no  part  of  Nevada,  perhaps,  has  the 
business  of  mining  experienced  such  vi- 
cissitudes as  here  in  the  Humboldt  coun- 
try, passing  during  its  brief  period  that 
has  elapsed  since  its  inauguration  twelve 
years  ago,from  the  most  active  and  hopeful 
to  the  most  abject  condition;  which  point 
it  reached  some  seven  or  eight  years  ago. 
Remaining  at  this  low  ebb  for  several 
years,  things  took  a  turn,  and  have  since 
been  slowly  but  steadily  mending.  First 
and  last,  there  have  been  put  up  within 
the  limits  of  this  county  not  less  than 
eighteen  or  twenty  mills,  of  one  kind  and 
another.  Of  this  number  six  or  seven 
have  been  destroyed  or  removed  elsewhere; 
about  an  equal  number  is  standing  idle 
and  the  balance  are  now  running,  with 
one,  the  Genaca,  at  Winnemucca,  nearly 
ready  for  operations.  This  is  a  poor  record 
of  Humboldt  milling  and  mining  indus- 
try, though  not  worse  than  that  of  such 
minor  callings  as  happened  meantime  to 
engage  a  portion  of  her  population.  Every 
class  and  pursuit  suffered  alike;  her  towns 
as  well  as  her  mills  have  gone  to  decay  or 
been  swept  wholly  out  of  existence;  go 
where  you  will  and  you  see  deserted  vil- 
lages and  cabins,  as  well  as  dilapidated 
mills  and  half  completed  shafts  and  tun- 
nels, all  telling  of  the  blight  and  decay 
that  fell  with  such  terrible  effect  upon  this 
unfortunate  section  of  country. 

In  passing,  however,  through  the  prin- 
cipal mining  districts  here,  one  sees  now 
many  signs  of  returning  vitality  and  hears 
again  the  note  of  preparation  to  renew  the 
struggle,  so  long  since  nearly  suspended. 
Here  and  there  small  parties  are  at  work, 
some  getting  out  such  small  quantities  of 
high  grade  ore  as  can  be  most  easily  reach- 
ed, and  a  few  engaged  in  work  looking  to 
a  thorough  opening  up  of  their  claims,  a 
number  of  which  have  already  beenj  de- 
veloped into  productive  and  valuable  mines 
or  are  rapidly  being  brought  to  that  condi- 
tion. In  this  category  we  have,  near  here, 
the  Arizona  and  Sheba,  with  the  Lang  Syne 
and  Tallulah,  over  in  Dun  Glen,  and  the 
Winnemucca  Chief,  and  the  Pride  of  the 
Mountain,  lying  near  the  railroad  in  the 
Winnemucca  range  of  mountains.  On  the 
Arizona  a  large  force  of  men  are  at  present 
employed,  the  quantity  of  ore  daily  ex- 
tracted amounting  to  sixty  or  seventy  tons. 
Prom  the  Henning,  situate  near  the  Ari 
zona,  and  from  the  Peru  one  mile  south  of 
the  town,' considerable  quantities  of  high 
grade  ore  are  being  constantly  taken,  both 
mines  being  in  the  meantime  thoroughly 
explored.  The  Sheba,  at  Star  City,  is 
yielding  its  usual  complement  of  shipping 
ores,  the  value  of  which  ranges  from  three 
to  eight  hundred  dollars  per  ton. 

On  the  West  Side  of  the  Humboldt  Range 
There  is  more  animation  than  in  this  im- 
mediate neighborhood.  The  new  mill  at 
Eye  Patch,  and  the  smelting  works  at 
Oreana  are  at  work,  and,  according  to  report, 
doing  well.  Arrangements  have  also  been 
made  for  starting  up  the  mill  on  the  Hum- 
boldt Slough,  which  for  a  long  time  has 
been  standing  idle.  From  the  Alpha, 
Starlight,  and  other  mines  on  that  slope  of 
the  range  we  have  cheerful  reports,  and 
there  is  little  doubt  but  the  balance,  which 
has  hitherto  been  on  the  debit,  will  before 
the  year  ends  be  shifted  to  the  credit  side 
of  the  ledger  with  the  most  of  these  com- 
panies. 

From  Battle  Mountain,  Golconda,  Dun  Glen, 
Central  and  Sierra  Districts 
Equally  encouraging  accounts  come  to 
hand,  there  being  more  men  now  at  work 
in  these  several  localities  than  for  seven  or 
eight  years  before;  and  there  isnoquestion 
but  they  will  turn  out  this  season  twice 
the  amount  of  bullion  ever  sent  from  there 
any  preceding  year;  and  this  with  very  lit- 
tle increase  of  milling  capacity,  or  aid 
from  capitalists  abroad.  Neither  has  there 
been  much  addition  to  the  population  of 
these  districts  of  late,  the  results  having 
been  mostly  achieved  by  the  old  residents 
who  have  stuck  by  the  country  through 


its  long  season  of  decadence  and  inaction. 

Winnemucca  District 
Having  enjoyed  the  advantage  of  liberal 
pecuniary  assistance,  lately  supplied  by 
San  Francisco  capitalists,  is  now  in  a  fair 
way  to  advance  rapidly,  and  it  is  generally 
thought  will  soon  eclipse  every  other  sec- 
tion of  Humboldt  county.  The  mines 
there,  or  at  least  a  portion  of  them,  are  in 
themseves  very  fine.  The  Winnemucca 
Chief  and  the  Pride  of  the  Mountain  have 
always  enjoyed  a  high  local  reputation  and 
even  attained  some  distinction  abroad. 
From  the  first  they  have  taken  precedence 
of  all  other  claims  in  the  district,  and  ab 
ways  been  recognized  by  mining  experts 
as  standard  properties.  Having  recently 
passed  into  the  hands  of  moneyed  men, 
these  mines  are  to  be  thoroughly  exploited; 
preliminary  labors  looking  to  that  end 
having  already  been  entered  upon. 

Having  passed  through  them  a  few  days 
since  I  was  surprised,  not  more  at  the 
amount  of  exploratory  work  done,  than  to 
see  such  remarkable  bodies  of  ore  as  have 
here  been  developed  in  their  lower  levels. 
In  the  Pride  of  the  Mountain  the  lode  at  a 
depth  of  200  feet  stands  full  30  inches  be- 
tween its  walls,  every  pound  of  the  vein- 
matter  being  high  grade  milling  ore.  The 
same  lode,  carrying  its  full  strength, 
passes  into  the  Winnemucca  Chief,,  which, 
though  less  opened  up,  shows  the  same  ev- 
idences of  large  and  permanent  wealth. 
The  work  heretofore  done  on  these  mines 
was  mostly  carried  on  in  an  irregular  and 
desultory  way.  Since  changing  ownership 
they  are  to  be  opened  up  with  system  and 
energy,  a  large  working  shaft  being  now 
in  course  of  excavation  on  each.  As  soon  as 
these  are  sunk  to  the  proper  depth  the 
business  of  raising  ore  will  be  commenced, 
which  will  be  in  the  course  of  the  next 
30  days,  by  which  time  the  new  mill,  now 
being  erected  near  by  to  run  on  these  ores, 
will  be  completed  and  ready  for  opera- 
tions. This  ore  it  is  expected  will  mill, 
taken  en  masse,  at  the  rate  of  $100  per  ton, 
about  a  thousand  tons  of  it  already  dis- 
posed of  having  averaged  over  8200  per 
ton.  I  consider  these  two  of  the  most 
valuable  mines  in  this  part  of  the  State; 
the  manner  in  which  they  are  held  and  the 
fine  administration  under  which  they  have 
been  placed,  adding  greatly  to  their  intrin- 
sic merit.  Before  the  season  is  ended  they 
will  increase  in  a  marked  manner. 

The  Bullion  Product  of  Humboldt  County, 
Which  competent  authorities  set  down  at 
$200,000  for  the  current  year,  of  this  sum 
the  Arizona  and  Sheba  mines  alone  will 
turn  out  nearly  one-half,  and  there  is  no 
question  but  the  balance  of  the  county  will 
make  up  the  other,  and  perhaps  do  a  great 
deal  more.  Henby  Degroot. 

Unionville,  Humboldt  Co.,  Nev.,  June 
8th,  1872.  

[Written  for  the  Press.] 

Mismanagement  in  Milling. 

That  many  Eastern  and  English  capital- 
ists are  shy  of  investing  in  our  mines,  is 
by  no  means  surprising,  when  the  manner 
in  which  numbers  of  these  are  managed  is 
considered. 

Some  weeks  ago  a  trenchant  article  by  a 
practical  millman  and  chemist,  appeared 
in  the  Inyo  Independent  on  the  absurdity 
of  superintendents  and  others  undertaking 
to  conduct  a  business  of  which  they  were 
wholly  ignorant.  In  fact,  it  would  appear 
that  sometimes  adecided  preference  is  given 
to  men  of  little,  or  no  knowledge  of  the 
redaction  of  ores.  The  notion  seems  to 
have  obtained  in  some  quarters,  that  any 
fool  can  run  a  mill,  and  that  a  superinten- 
dent's position  is  an  excellent  method  of 
providing  for  some  relative,  or  impecu- 
nious friend,  whose  brains  have  hitherto 
been  insufficient  wherewith  to  earn  his  salt 
at  anything  else. 

It  is  not  strange  that  in  a  mill  under 
such  amanagement  that  most  of  the  pre- 
cious metals  obtained  is  extracted  from  the 
pockets  of  the  shareholders,  and  not '  from 
the  ore  which  may  be  worked,  or  rather 
which  they  have  vainly  attemped  to  work. 
Nevertheless,  such  men  frequently  hold 
their  posts  for  a  considerable  time,  for  the 
most  of  them  have  a  Gacoethes  loquendi 
(freely  translated  by  Mr.  Sam  Weller  into 
"the  gift  of  gab — wery  galloping,"  which 
enables  them  to  talk  directors  into  the  be- 
lief that  no  one  else  could  have  done  better 
than  they. 

The  writer  has  met  a  London  stock 
broker,  and  a  New  York  bootmaker,  after- 
wards an  insolvent  grocer,  each  placed  in 
the  responsible  position  of  superintendent, 


when  neither  of  them  had  ever  seen  a  mill, 
or  reduction  works  before  his  appointment. 
Men  of  this  stamp,  as  the  assay  proves  the 
value  of  the  ore,  blame  the  machinery, 
the  management  of  which  they  do  not  un- 
derstand, or  which  their  own  stupidity  has 
imperfectly  arranged,  for  the  unsatisfactory 
results  which  they  obtain.  Such  men  are 
alike  prejudicial  to  the  mine,  to  the  engi- 
neer who  constructs,  or  to  the  inventor 
who  may  perfect  any  valuable  improve- 
ments. 

Numerous  instances  might  be  mentioned 
which  would  prove  this,  but  one  may  suf- 
fice. There  is  a  mill,  not  a  hundred  miles 
from  Monitor,  Alpine  County,  which  has 
probably  cost  from  70  to  100  thousand 
dollars  in  construction.  A  revolving  fur- 
nace has  recently  been  erected  there  and 
put  in  operation.  The  patentee  guaran- 
teed it  to  roast  and  chloridize  a  ton  of 
crushed  ore  per  hour,  and  during  three 
days  that  he  was  there  it  performed  the 
duty  required  of  it,  the  furnace  being 
properly  fed  and  attended  to.  by  himself. 
A  sample  of  the  chloridized  ore  he  gave  to 
the  assistant  superintendent  and  a  similar 
sample  he  had  assayed  for  his  own  satis- 
faction, and  it  proved  that  78%  per  cent, 
of  the  silver  was  chloridized,  As  it  was  a 
low  grade  ore,  this  is  better  than  the  oper- 
ation of  any  other  furnace.  Now  comes 
the  assistant  superintendent  into  court 
and  says: — 

"We  cannot  get  over  50  per  cent,  of  the 
guaranteed  results."  Very  probably  not, 
ths  only  wonder  is  that  they  got  so  much, 
but  having  got  it,  they  naturally  want  to 
get  more  and  the  patentee  is  written  to, 
to  know  if  he  can  "remedy"  matters.  The 
remedy  lies  in  their  own  hands.  They 
have  not  worked  the  furnace  properly.  It 
appears  that  in  the  plentitude  of  their 
wisdom  iliey  failed  to  supplg  salt  to  their  ore 
wherewith  to  obtain  the  chloridizing  ele- 
ment— and  likewise  cut  off  the  water  from 
the  cooler  by  which  the  fine  and  the  richer 
particles,  which  might  otherwise  escape, 
are  precipitated,  and  saved.  What  other 
neglect  in  feeding,  or  in  permitting  fre- 
quent stoppages,  etc.,  they  may  have  been 
guilty  of — or  what  new  theories  their 
muddled  brains  may  have  developed  it  is 
hard  to  say ;  but  the  simple  advice  that 
should  be  given  to  them  is  to  have  quali- 
fied practical  men,  not  tyros  to  manage 
the  reduction  works,  see  that  everything 
is  in  proper  order,  and  that  every  em- 
ployee attends  faithfully  to  the  details 
committed  to  his  charge,  and  they  will 
find  that  the  revolving  furnace,  will  work 
as  perfectly  with  them,  as  it  has  done  with 
others,  and  will  fully  establish  the  un- 
doubted merits  and  superiority  of  the  in- 
vention. Metallurgist. 


A  Surface  View. 


We  yesterday  took,,  a  stroll  along  the 
line  of  the  Comstock  so  far  as  that  great 
lead  is  enveloped  within  the  limits  of  Vir- 
ginia. Where  we  found  the  foreman  at 
the  works,  we  obtained  all  the  informa- 
tion in  regard  to  their  respective  mines 
that  we  asked,  and  where  we  did  not  we 
merely  looked  about,  as  the  workmen  do 
not  much  like  being  questioned  about  the 
affairs  of  the  mine  in  which  they  are  work- 
ing; besides,  we  we  did  not  set  out  with 
the  intention  of  prying  into  the  under- 
ground mysteries  of  any  mine.  We  first 
visited  the 

Gould  and  Curry. 

We  found  the  brick  walls  of  the  addi- 
tion lately  erected  for  the  reception  of 
their  large,  new  hoisting  engine  up,  but 
the  roof  has  not  yet  been  put  on,  nor  is 
any  of  the  wood  work  completed.  This 
delay  is  occasioned,  we  believe,  by  the 
difficulty  experienced  in  getting  timber. 
The  new  engine  is  in  place  and  ready  to 
run  as  soon  as  the  building  shall  have  been 
completed.  Meantime  they  are  hoisting 
from  the  incline  to  the  perpendicular  shaft 
by  hand.  In  the  hoisting  compartments 
of  the  shaft  they  run  double  or  two-  story 
cages.  The  pump  was  not  going  at  the 
time  of  our  visit,  the  wrist-pin  having 
broken — a  break  which  would  be  very 
soon  mended.     We  arrived  at 

The  Savage 

At  the  time  they  were  changing  the  ten- 
hour  shifts  (1  o'clock) ,  and  remained  to 
see  the  men  brought  up  and  sent  down. 
The  men  who  are  on  ten-hour  shifts  are 
those  who  work  in  the  upper  levels  and 
dry  and  comfortable  parts  of  the  mine, 
while  those  who  have  eight-hour  shifts  are 
those  who  work  down  about  the  1,500-foot 
level,  where  it  pours  water  from  every 
seam  in  the  rock,  and  where  it  is  hot  as 
— well  never  mind.  Both  classes  receive 
the  same  wages,  but  those  who  have  hard 
places  have  shorter  hours  as  a  compensa- 
tion.   There  are  at  present  over  300  men 


at  work  in  the  Savage,  50  of  whom  are  up 
at  the  old  mine.  Counting  the  wages  of 
these  men  at  $4  per  day,  it  amounts  to 
81,200,  or  the  snug  sum  of  $8,400  per  week; 
but  many  of  them,  as  engineers  and  others, 
get  $5  and  $6  per  day.  By  figuring  up  the 
wages  item  for  a  month,  and  then  for  a 
year,  some  slight  idea  will  be  obtained  of 
what  it  costs  to  run  a  mine.  As  we  said 
above,  we  remained  awhile  to  see  them. 

Hoisting  the  Men. 

At  the  Savage  the  cages  used  are  larger 
than-in  most  of  our  mines,  as  their  shaft 
is  a  very  large  one,  and  in  a  single  car  they 
are  able  to  hoist  2,200  pounds  of  ore,  about 
as  much  as  they  can  hoist  in  two  cars  on 
their  double  cages,  and  can  also  hoist  as 
many  men;  for  twelve  men  can  safely  stand 
on  the  platform  of  one  cage.  The  men 
take  their  places  in  three  rows,  four  in  a 
row,  packed  like  sardines  in  a  box,  the  sig- 
nal is  given  and  down  they  drop.  Obr 
serving  the  exact  manner  in  which  the  men 
were  packed  upon  the  cage,  we  asked  the 
foreman  what  he  would  do  in  case  he  had  a 
few  miners  of  the  size  of  Beany  Irwin,  K. 
B.  Brown  or  Billy  Shephard.  He  smiled 
and  said:  "That  would  rather  spoil  the 
arrangement."  An  official,  who  fills  the 
same  place  that  is  filled  by  a  conductor  on 
a  train  of  cars  goes  up  and  down  with  the 
men  when  shifts  are  being  changed.  This 
is  the  station  tender.  It  is  his  duty  to 
ring  the  signal  bells  when  the  cage  is  to 
stop  or  start.  The  foreman  explained  to 
us  that,  but  for  this,  there  would  be  al- 
ways be  some  heedless  fellow  taking  it  upon 
himself  to  ring  signals,  and  death  and  de- 
struction would  be  the  result.  "All  busi- 
ness," said  he,  "is  conducted  as  strictly  as 
on  board  of  a  man-of-war."  A  lantern  is 
hung  in  the  top  of  the  cage  when  men  are 
being  lowered  and  hoisted.  The  reason 
for  this,  the  foreman  said  was  that  in  case 
of  any  accident  the  men  would  not  be- 
come frightened— an  accident  in  the  dark 
always  demoralized  the  men,  and  made 
matters  ten  times  worse  than  they  would 
otherwise  have  been.  Their  pump  was 
not  running  at  the  time  of  our  visit.  They 
only  run  six  hours  out  of  the  twenty-four. 
They  have  four  lifts,  and  have  some  us- 
er to  pump  from  the  bottom  of  the  in- 
cline, most  of  which  is  from  leakage  above, 
however. 

The   Halo  and  Norcross 

Afforded  us  but  few  items.  There  are 
abcut  150  men  at  work  at  the  mine  at  pres- 
ent, as  they  have  been  discharging  a  great 
many  of  late.  They  are  not  troubled  with 
water,  and  pump  inly  occasionally.  We 
observed  here  the  curious  fact  that,  instead 
of  there  being  hot  air  or  steam  arising  from 
the  mouth  of  the  shaft,  there  is  a  strong 
downward  draught.  This  is  accounted  for 
by  the  fact  that  the  Savage  shaft  is  consid- 
erably higher  than  the  Norcross,  and  there 
being  a  connection  between  the  two,  the 
draught  is  naturally  through  the  former. 
This  is  good  for  the  Norcross  folks,  but 
bad  for  the  Savageites,  though  not  so  bad 
as  it  would  be  without  the  circulation  of 
air  mentioned. 

The  Chollar 

Folks  are  having  a  good  time  just  now  at 
cleaning  out  one  of  the  compartments  of 
their  shaft,  which  was  filled  in  with  waste 
at  the  time  their  former  hoisting  works 
were  destroyed  by  fire.  This  is  at  a  depth 
of  500  feet  below  the  surface,  and  the  waste 
dirt  extends  down  about  200  feet  to  where 
there  is  a  platform.  A  platform  was  put 
in  and  this  dirt  thrown  down  to  save  the 
shaft,  as  there  is  for  a  certain  space,  a  spec- 
ies of  clay  liable  to  swell  and  crush  in  the 
timbers.  This  waste  now  comes  out  in  the 
shape  of  slum,  and  as  they  cannot  load  a 
car  in  this  blackened  compartment,  they 
send  the  cage  down  the  adjoining  compart- 
ment, cut  holes  through  the  partition  and 
let  the  slum  run  out  into  the  car.  It  is  a 
very  nasty  job,  but  one  necessary  to  be 
done.  We  observed  nothing  else  worthy 
of  note,  and  asked  no  questions  in  regard 
to  the  lower  regions,  further  than  to  learn 
that  all  was  going  on  about  as  usual. 

The  Ophir 

Is  pumping,  hoisting  and  drifting  as  usual. 
There  is  but  little  water,  and  nothing  to 
prevent  the  vigorous  prosecution  of  work 
in  all  parts  of  the  mine.  They  are  well 
supplied  with  wood  and  stores  of  all  kinds. 
We  saw  nothing  further  worthy  of  men- 
tion, and  will  here  conclude  our  survey. — 
Virginia  Enterprise,  June  7. 


Steamship  Business  at  Panama. — Six  regular 
steamship  fines  from  Europe  and  the  United 
States  run  vessels  to  Aspinwall  every  month, 
while  fourteen  steamships  run  every  month  to 
Panama  on  the  Pacific  side,  exclusive  of  the 
casual  and  coastwise  trade. 


June  22,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS: 


387 


scientific  Progress. 


Effects   of  Electricity   on   Milk,    Etc. 

Tnfi  Milk  Jo  that,  in   bq  address 

before  the  North  Western  Dairyman's  Assocuv 

ti.m,  Mr.  X.  A.  Willurd  stated  the  following  in- 
tarerang  facts: 

Mr.  Andrew  Gross,  the  oelebnted  English  ex- 
perimenter, considered  that  the  roots  uiol  Iomci 
of  plants  wore  in  opposite  states  ol  <  l-  otrieity; 
some  of  his  experiments  in  this  direction  are 
wry  interesting.  He  cut  two  branches  from  a 
rose  tree.  They  were  as  nearly  alike  oa  po*si- 
ble  with  the  same  number  of  buds,  and  both 
equally  blown.  An  arrangement  was  made  by 
which  a  negative  currant  ol  electricity  waa 
passed  through  one,  a  positive  current  through 
the  other,  [p  a  few  hours  the  negative  rose 
drooped  and  died,  but  tho  positive  continued  its 
freshness  for  nearly  a  fortnight;  the  1 
became  full  blown  and  the  buds  expanded,  and 
survived  an  unusual  length  of  time.  Again,  he 
was  able  to  keep  milk  sweet  for  three  weeks  in 
the  hottest  weather  of  summer,  by  the  applica- 
tion of  a  current  of  positive  electricity. 

On  one  occasion,  he  kept  fishes  under  the 
electric  action  for  three  months,  and  at  the  end 
of  that  time  they  were  sent  to  a  friend,  whose 
domestic  knew  nothing  of  the  experiment.  Be- 
fore tho  cook  dressed  them,  her  master  asked 
her  whether  she  thought  they  were  fresh,  as  he 
had  some  doubts.  She  replied,  that  she  was 
sure  they  were  fresh,  indeed,  she  said,  she 
would  swear  they  were  alive  yesterday.  When 
served  at  table,  they  appeared  like  ordinary  lish, 
but  when  the  family  attempted  to  eat  them,  they 
were  found  to  be  perfectly  tasteless;  the  elec- 
trical action  had  taken  away  all  the  essential 
oil,  leaving  the  lish  unfit  for  food. 

However,  the  process  is  exceedingly  useful 
for  keeping  fish,  meats,  etc.,  fresh  and  good  for 
ten  clays  or  a  fortnight.  Now  this  is  consistent 
with  our  observations  and  the  facts  known  to 
everj-  one  in  the  habit  of  handling  milk.  When 
the  condition  of  tho  atmosphere  is  in  a  negative 
electrical  state,  or  shows  a  deficiency  of  posi- 
tive electricity  a  state  of  weather  which  wo 
designate  as  sultry,  close,  muggy,  and  the  like, 
there  is  always  difficulty  in  keeping  milk  sound. 
Even  in  good,  healthy  milk,  tho  fungus  germs 
common  to  all  milk  increase  and  multiply  with 
great  rapidity,  producing  the  common  lactic 
acid  fermentation  or  souring  of  the  fluid;  but 
in  case  fungi  from  decomposing  animal  or  vege- 
table matter  comes  in  contact  with  the  milk, 
rapid  decomposition  takes  place,  and  wo  have 
rotten  milk,  putrid  odors,  and  floating  curds. 
The  exposing  of  such  curds  to  the  atmosphere, 
as  well  as  the  roration  of  milk  to  improve  its 
condition,  are  both  philosophical,  because  these 
minute  organisms  of  fungi  are  affected  by  the 
oxygen  of  the  air,  which  checks  their  develop- 
ment and  multiplication. 

The  influence  of  electrical  action  is  a  ques- 
tion entirely  new  to  the  dairy  public,  but  is  one 
concerning  which  I  think  some  useful  sugges- 
tions present  themselves  for' our  consideration. 
When  the  electrical  equilibrium  is  disturbed,  or 
when  the  state  of  the  atmosphere  indicates  a 
preponderance  of  negative  electricity,  we  are 
all  made  aware  of  tho  fact  by  its  depressing  in- 
fluences. At  such  times  it  is  important  that  we 
take  more  than  ordinary  care  in  the  handling  of 
milk;  that  it  be  kept  out  of  harmful  odors; 
that  attention  be  given  to  its  lerntion,  and  such 
treatment  be  given  it  as  shall  be  inimical  to  the 
growth  and  development  of  the  fungi.  And 
again,  the  fact  that  milk  may  be  kept  sweet  a 
long  time  in  hot  weather  by  electrical  action 
will  offer  a  very  important  suggestion  to  inven- 
tors in  the  preservation  of  milk,  and  perhaps  to 
the  improvement  of  cheese  at  the  factories.  I 
believe  that  we  are  only  on  the  threshold  of  the 
cheese  making  art,  and  that  as  we  become  bet- 
ter acquainted  with  the  laws  of  Nature  and 
their  application,  great  progress  is  yet  to  be 
made  in  every  branch  of  dairy  husbandry. 

Combustibility  of  Iron. 

Prof.  Magnus  of  Berlin,  with  a  view  to  deter- 
mining the  combustibility  of  iron,  has  devised 
for  thatpurpose  a  magnet,  to  which  iron  filings 
readily  attach  themselves  like  a  beard,  all  rad- 
ating  from  the  poles  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
leave  small  interstices.  On  igniting  these  with  an 
alcohol  lamp,  or  gas  bnrner,  they  continue  to 
burn  most  brilliantly;  and  if  the  experimenter 
stands  on  some  elevation,  like  a  step  ladder, 
and  wave  the  magnet,  a  most  magnificent  rain 
of  fire  is  produced.  When  this  experiment  was 
first  performed  in  Berlin,  it  was  received  with 
applause  by  the  king  and  court  of  Prussia. 

It  is  well  known  to  physicists  that  a  magnet 
of  some  strength  may  be  made  by  placing  a  bar 
of  iron  or  steel  in  the  magnetic  meridian,  and 
striking  it  a  few  sharp  blows  with  a  hammer. 
If  no  magnet  can  be  procured  for  the  experi- 
ment, a  bunch  of  cotton  wool  is  saturated  with 
alcohol,  placed  on  some  support,  and  the  alco- 
hol ignited. 

Some  fine  iron  filings,  placed  on  a  sheet  of 
paper,  are  allowed  to  fall  in  a  fine  stream  on 
the  burning  mass,  when  they  bum  with  bril- 
liant scintillations,  showing  that  iron  is  com- 
bustible, if  only  the  supply  of  air  is  sufficient. 

Still  more  remarkable  is  the  experiment  show- 
ing that  iron  is  more  combustible  than  gunpow- 
der. A  mixture  of  fine  iron  filings  and  coarse 
gunpowder  is  thrown  on  a  small  quantity  of 
burning  alcohol.  As  the  iron  falls  through 
the  flame,  it  takes  fire  and  burns  with  its  char- 
acteristic color  and  scintillations.  The  gun- 
powder falls  through  the  flame  without  taking 


!  lies  anietl v  in  the  bottom  of  the  sau- 
cer until  the  alcohol  is  nearly  consumed,  and 
the  flame  is  brought  into  contact  with  it,    when 
ring  that  it  vau  the  powder,  nofl 
,  through  the  flame  without 
taking  I 

The  influences  which  tho  minute  size  of  the 
particles,  by  which  a  large  surf. 
to  the  air,  has  ou  the  combustibility  of  'aanb- 
-  well  illustrated  in  pytomorphlc iron. 
If  the  oxide  of  iron  be  reduced,  by  passing  over 
it  a  earn  nt  of  hydrogen,  the  heat  employed 
1  ihan  thai  of  boiling  mercury,  the 
metallic  iron  U  left  in  such  aAnestabfl  »'f  subdi* 
vision  as  to  take  lire  spontaneously  when  al- 
lowed to  fall  through  the  air. 

Light  and  Radiant  Heat. 

In  a  recent  lecture  on  the  "  Identity  of  Light 
and  Kadiant  Heat,"  Professor  Tymlall  EHtidtnal 
heat  is  sometimes  associated  with  ordinary  mat- 
ter, through  which  it  creeps  by  the  proi 
conduction;  at  other  times  it  is  nut  associated 
with  matter  but  flies  through  space  from  the 
sun,  entangled  with  beams  of  light,  with  great 
velocity,  and  is  then  called  "radiant  heat.' 
"When  the  combined  solar  beam  falls  on  bodies, 
luat  is  developed  only  as  light  is  absorbed,  and 
the  amount  ol  the  former  is  an  exact  equrvalenl 
for  the  amount  of  the  latter.  A  red  ribbon  held 
in  the  red  part  of  the  spectrum  appears  of  a 
brilliant  red  color;  when  held  in  the  yellow, 
green,  blue,  or  violet  bauds  it  looks  black.  A 
green  ribbon  looks  green  in  the  green  portion, 
but  black  in  all  other  parts  of  the  spectrum. 
The  red  ribbon  is  not  heated  by  the  red  rays, 
nor  is  the  green  one  by  the  green  rays;  but 
when  placed  where  they  look  black  they  arc 
warmed  by  the  rays  falling  on  them,  because 
they  absorb  these  rays  and  wherever  there  is 
absorption  there  is  increase  of  temperature. 
Black  absorbs  all  rays,  or  because  all  rays  are 
absorbed  the  substance  is  black;  and  if  a  black 
ribbon  be  carried  from  the  blue  end  of  tho  spec- 
trum toward  the  red,  it  would  grow  wanner  as 
it  advanced,  and  become  warmest  of  all  quite 
beyond  the  red,  where  nothing  is  to  be  seen  by 
the  eye.  Past  the  portion  of  the  spectrum  com- 
petent to  excite  vision,  rays  exist  which,  meas- 
ured by  the  force  they  are  capable  of  exerting, 
are  a  thousand  times  more  powerful  than  the 
luminous  ones,  as  indicated  by  the  movements 
of  the  needle  of  a  galvanometer  when  all  visible 
rays  aro  cut  off. 

Radiant  heat  is  reflected  from  plane  surfaces, 
just  like  ligbt;  also  from  curved  mirrors,  by 
which  it  may  be  brought  to  a  focus.  It  behaves 
like  light  also  with  lenses.  Moreover,  a  ray  of 
heat  may  be  divided,  as  a  ray  of  light,  into  two 
— the  ordinary  and  extraordinary  rays,  by 
means  of  a  crystal  of  Iceland  spar. 

Waves  of  radiant  heat  vibrate  transversely, 
polarization  having  no  meaning  with  respect  to 
longitudinal  vibrations. 

The  lecturer  concluded  that  the  thing  called 
radiant  heat  was  part  and  parcel  of  the  radia- 
tions from  luminous  bodies.  At  the  other  end 
of  the  spectrum,  beyond  the  violet  rays,  there 
were  some  feeblo  rays  of  radiant  heat;  but  in 
the  short  range  of  the  visibie  spectrum  lay  all 
that  wealth  of  color  which  is  the  chief  source  of 
beauty  in  nature  and  in  art.  If  he  were  to  be 
asked  how  the  light  came  to  be  thus  composed, 
and  how  it  is  that  external  nature  so  sifts  this 
light  as  to  give  to  the  flowers  of  the  field  and 
tho  leaves  of  the  forest  trees  their  wealth  of 
beauty,  and  how  it  comes  to  pass  that  we  have 
a  sense  of  the  beautiful  which  has  grown  up  in 
the  midst  of  these  agencies,  and  how  it  is  that 
man  derives  perfection  and  elevation  of  mind 
from  the  contemplation  of  this  beauty,  he 
would  answer  that  the  cause  must  be  left  for 
philosophers  to  discover.  He  thought  that,  if 
successful  at  all,  they  would  be  able  to  give  only 
an  approximate  solution,  and  that  the  real  root 
of  the  matter  would  forever  lie  beyond  thorn. 
The  Week. 


Among  the  curiosu 

quantities  of  kelp,   or    mat 

■.  ■  ■    1   1    ■  .  ..  which   grows 

about  tb  1    twenty    fath- 

oms   ol    water    in      vast    bods    which    w .  rn  l  In 
liar  to  avoid  tho  dangerous  neighborhood. 
!  .  to  be  of  immense  length,  having 

1  at  from     Scvell     hundred    to     OUc 

thousand  feet,  thus  probably  constituting  the 
most  elongated  of  all  organized  beini  a,  and 
dwarfing  in  comparison  the  redwood  ol  Cali- 
fornia or  the  eucalyptus  of  Australia.  One  day 
in  the  onen  sea  they  passed  patches  of  floating 
1  with  large  sea  lions  tying  on  them, 
apparently  navigating  in  that  m.muer  with 
much  satisfaction. 

The  Professor  expects  to  reach  J3an  Fran- 
cisco in  time  to  attend  the  National  Conven- 
tion of  Scientists  which  meets  in  this  city  in 
August  next,  to  which  body  he  will  make  an 
official  report  of  what  he  has  seen  and  learned 
on  the  trip. 


The   Agassiz  Expedition. 

Few  scientific  investigations  of  late  years  have 
attracted  so  much  interest,  as  the  one  in  which 
professor  Agassiz  is  now  engaged.  Though 
there  is  perhaps  little  or  nothing  of  pecuniary 
value  expected  to  come  out  of  the  explorations 
in  progress  by  this  party,  the  sum  of  human 
knowledge  will  no  doubt  be  largely  increased 
by  the  facts  which  they  will  bring  out  from  dis- 
tricts and  depths,  which  have  heretofore  been 
enveloped  in  profound  obscurity. 

One  of  the  questions  which  will  be  studied, 
will  be  the  depth  to  which  light  penetrates  the 
ocean.  It  has  heretofore  been  held  that  the 
extent  of  penetration  was  very  limited,  and 
that  the  greater  depths  were  in  absolute  dark- 
ness. Professor  Agassiz  believes  differently, 
and  will  pursue  the  study  with  apparatus  of 
the  party's  own  invention. 

The  latest  news  from  the  expedition  is  under 
date  of  March  18th,  from  off  Sandy  Point,  Pat- 
agonia. 

Agassiz's  glacial  theory  has  already  received 
final  verification  by  the  realization  of  his  pre- 
diction, that  in  the  Southern  hemisphere  there 
would  be  found  traces  of  a  glacial  movement 
northward  from  the  South  Pole.  He  found 
near  Mount  Ay mond  erratic  boulders  polished, 
scratched,  and  grooved,  all  tending  to  prove 
the  passage  of  a  sheet  of  ice  in  a  northward  di- 
rection over  this  portion  of  the  country.  An 
important  discovery  was  also  made  by  Count 
Pourtales  that  many  of  the  Patagonian  moun- 
tains are  extinct  volcanoes,  it  having  been 
hitherto  claimed  that  none  existed  in  the  South 
American  continent  except  on  the  line  of  the 
Andes. 


Sknration  in  Plants. — M.  Figuer  believes 
that  a  plant  has  the  sensation  of  pleasure  and 
of  pain.  Cold,  for  instance,  he  says,  a  fleets  it 
painfully.  We  see  it  contract,  or,  so  to  speak, 
shiver  under  a  sudden  or  violent  depression  of 
temperature.  An  ubnormal  elevution  of  tem- 
perature evidently  causes  it  to  suffer,  for  in 
many  vegetables,  when  the  heat  is  excessive, 
the  leaves  droop  on  the  stalk,  fold  themselves 
together  and  wither  ;  when  the  cool  of  evening 
comes,  the  leaves  straighten,  and  the  plant  re- 
sumes a  serene  and  undisturbed  appearance. 
Drought  causes  evident  suffering  to  plants,  for 
when  they  are  watered  after  a  prolonged  drought 
they  show  signs  ot  satisfaction. 

The  sensitive  plant,  touched  by  the  finger, 
or  only  visited  by  a  current  of  unwelcome  air, 
folds  its  petals  and  contracts  itself.  The  botan- 
ist Desfontaines  saw  one  which  he  was  convey- 
iug  in  a  carriage  fold  its  leaves  while  the  vehicle 
was  in  motion  and  expand  them  when  it  stopped 
— a  proof  that  it  was  the  motion  that  disturbed 
it. 

Sensation  in  plants  is  of  the  same  kind  as  in 
animals,  since  electricity  kills  and  crushes 
them  as  it  does  animals.  Plants  may  be  also 
put  to  sleep  by  washing  them  in  opium  dis- 
solved in  water,  and  hydrocyanic  acid  destroys 
their  vitality  as  quickly  as  it  does  that  of  ani- 
mals. 


ECHANICAL     JgROGRESS 


have  mentioned  convince  the  proprietor  that  he 
overlooked  the  points  that  go  to  make  it  com- 
fortable, and  he  and  his  household  now  unite  in 
blaming  the  archil,  c!  tor  want  of  forethought  in 
mii  of  so  pretty  yet  so  very  uncomfort- 
able  a  hi 

Dool  9  should  always  slide.  This  mode  is  far 
superior  to  hanging  on  hinges,  as  the  opening 
of  a  sliding  door  does  not  interfere  with  tho 
regulation  of  furniture  in  an  apartment,  and  the 
sliding  is  so  simple,  and  easily  acted  on,  that  it 
presi  hi  great  advantages  over  the  old  fashion- 
ed door,  which  it  will  doubtless  yet  supersede, 
at  it  costs  more  than  hanging,  but  if  it 
became  general,  the  sliding  mode  would  be 
cheaper  down  to  a  figure  that  would  bring  it 
within  the  reach  of  nil.  A  partition  wall  need 
never  bo  over  six  inches  thick  to  give  room  for 
sliding  dpprs.  In  fact,  in  small  houses,  a  four 
inch  partition  may  !»■  made  available  for  this  pur- 
poaeoyusing  inch  plank,  in  four  inch  breadths, 
for  the  inclosing  of  the  door. 

Sliding  doors  for  wardrobes  and  closets  would 
often  prove  more  desirable;  they  do  not  impede 
the  light  as  hinges  often  do.  Above  all 
things  attention  should  be  given  to  the  accom- 
modation of  bedsteads,  chambers,  and  at  the 
same  time  secure  a  lilting  place  for  the  toilet. 
Light  and  ventilation  are  great  objects  in  sleep- 
ing rooms,  for  on  these  depend  the  health  of 
the  occupant. 

As  regards  the  ventilation  of  a  house,  the  ob- 
ject is  more  easily  accomplished  by  means  of  a 
cupola  over  the  stair  chamber.  All  the  rooms 
can  be  ventilated  by  this  means  in  the  coldest 
days  in  winter  or  during  the  prevalence  of  a 
storm  without  opening  a  window  to  admit  air. 
The  heat  of  the  basement  furnace  under  the 
hall,  where  it  should  be  placed,  would  aid  in 
the  complete  ventilation  of  the  house  in  winter. 
A  fan,  worked  by  a  small  caloric  engine  in  an 
air  chamber  under  the  hall,  would  effect 
thorough  ventilation  in  the  summer  season. 

Attention  to  these  aud  a  hundred  other  things 
which  go  to  make  a  comfortable  house  should 
be  the  aim  of  him  who  would  be  successful ;  and 
of  all  things,  he  should  never  fetter  his  archi- 
tect's efforts  with  considerations  of  external 
display  at  tho  expense  of  internal  convenience, 
comfort  and  happiness. — Pittsbwgh  Register. 


Faults  in  the  Plans  of  Dwellings. 

How  frequently  it  happens  that  in  the  most 
elegant  houses  there  is  often  to  be  met,  some- 
where, a  want  of  comfort  or  accommodation  ! 
The  hall  is  either  too  wide  or  too  narrow;  the 
stairs  communicate  to  close  to  the  hall  door,  or 
have  the  leading  flight  too  long,  making  the  as- 
cent tiresome.  This  latter  is  a  serious  fault, 
and  yet  one  that  is  too  general.  The  parlors, 
which  are  always  laid  out  with  great  attention 
to  effective  appearance,  are  seldom  really  com- 
fortable. There  is  no  room  for  furniture  unless 
the  cabinet  maker  manufactures  articles  to  fit 
the  spaces  left  to  his  care.  Many  a  sofa  or  pi- 
ano has  to  intrude  on  a  window — nay  some- 
times to  block  a  doorway — while  spacious  open- 
ings are  left  for  sliding  doors,  in  order  to  give 
an  appearance  of"  extent  by  throwing  tb  e  front 
and  rear  parlors  into  one. 

The  invasion  on  the  space  properly  intended 
for  furniture  has  become  so  "fashionable"  of 
late  days,  that  it  has  compelled  the  introduction 
of  many  little  trifling  articles  which  rather  tend 
to  take  from  the  dignity  of  the  chief  rooms  of  a 
pretentious  dwelling,  and  mako  of  it  a  mere 
(ibaby-house,"  but  like  everything  that  custom 
has  inured  us  to  we  derive  pleasure  from  these 
miniature  comforts,  just  as  we  become  satisfied 
with  the  nutshell  stateroom  on  a  steamship  to 
which  we  are  confined. 

But  it  is  in  the  plan  of  the  chamber  story 
that  the  most  uncomfortable  arrangements  are 
to  be  found.  As  for  instance,  their  is  either  no 
space  for  the  proper  location  of  a  bed,  or  it 
must  be  so  placed  as  to  subject  the  occupant  to 
a  strong  draft  of  air  and  its  unfortunate  conse- 
quences. The  toilet  table,  the  bureau,  the 
mirror  are  all  or  some  one  of  them  without  a 
fit  location.  The  windows  are  all  injudiciously 
placed,  or  the  chimney  so  inconvenient  as  to  be 
worse  than  useless.  The  door  opens  awkward- 
ly from  the  placing  of  a  chair  or  table  behind 
it,  or  perhaps  when  open  it  exposes  the  room 
unpleasantly.  "Wardrobes  are  either  wanting, 
or  if  present,  are  away  from  the  window,  so  as 
to  be  dark  and  otherwise  inconvenient. 

These  are  but  a  few  of  the  serious  faults  of 
our  modern  dwellings — faults  which  might  have 
been  avoided  if  the  necessary  room  for  furni- 
ture had  been  taken  into  consideration  during 
the  composition  of  the  plan,  and  if  the  artistic 
effect  strained  at  in  the  exterior  had  not  been 
permitted  to  crowd  out  the  comforts  of  the  inter- 
ior. He  is  a  sensible  man,  indeed,  who  weighs 
well  the  wants  of  his  household,  and  lets  exter- 
nal display  occupy  a  secondary  place  in  his 
plannings.  The  comfort  of  his  inner  home  is 
more  valuable  and  more  lasting  to  him  than 
the  passing  praise  which  an  architecturesque 
appearance  might  call  forth  from  the  outer 
world. 

How  few  there  are  who  build  under  standing- 
ly !  The  architect  produces  his  design,  and  it 
is  canvassed  as  to  its  merits  and  demerits,  but 
always  with  a  view  to  "appearances."  "This 
will  be  a  fine  room,  pleasing  in  all  respects,"  is 
a  common  remark,  but  the  necessities  which  we 


[Translated  for  the  Phess.J 

Important  Advance  in    Paper-Making. 

The  Arbeilgebcr  describes  under  this  heading, 
an  invention  of  a  German  chemist,  Ungerer,  in 
manufacturing  paper  from  wood.  In  changing 
the  wood  into  its  fibres  in  a  mechanical  way, 
much  power  is  demanded;  and,  moreover,  the 
material  must  also  be  ground  up,  whereby  it 
loses  much  in  durability.  Hence,  for  a  number 
of  years  repeated  attempts  have  been  made  to 
effect  this  in  a  chemical  way  by  many  persons, 
notably,  Adamson,  Keegan,  Deininger,  Broad, 
Sinclair,  and  Tessie  du  Mothay.  Only  the  two 
last  have  met  with  practical  success.  The  meth- 
od of  Sinclair  has  been  introduced  in  several 
places,  and  produces  a  better  and  cheaper  ma- 
terial than  before  obtainable,  a  little  cheaper 
than  Mothay 's. 

All  these  processes  demand  the  use  of  very 
high  pressures — up  to  14  atmospheres — with  the 
action  of  strong  soda  solution.  The  weak  points 
are  the  high  pressure  and  the  necessity  that  the 
material  must  still  be  ground,  and  therefore  in- 
jured more  or  less.  But  Ungerer  seems  to  have 
overcome  both  difficulties.  He  uses  a  pressure 
of  only  5  to  6  atmospheres,  one-half  the  amount 
of  soda,  and  only  one-fifth  the  amount  of  chlor- 
ine. The  following  table  gives  a  comparative 
view  of  both  methods  for  producing  1,UU0  kilo- 
grammes of  dried  bleached  material : 

Ungeirh.  Sinclaih. 

2,250  kilo.  wood.  2,250  kilo,  wo  d. 

212    "      soda.  562    "      soda. 

128    "      chemicals.  750    "      coal. 

000   "      coal.  250    "      chloride  of 

50   "     chloride  of  lime.  lime. 

There  seems  to  be  some  mistake  in  regard  to 
the  respective  amounts  of  coal.  Sinclair  using 
only  750  kilo,  for  his  much  greater  steam  press- 
ure ;  while  Ungerer  uses  900. 

The  importance  of  these  inventions  is  easily 
understood  from  the  statement  that  the  cost  of 
producing  the  wood  material  is  reduced  nearly 
one-third  by  the  methods  of  Sinclair  and  Tessie 
du  Moth  ly,  and  fully  one-half  by  that  of  Unger- 
er. This  has  such  an  effect,  that  Belgian 
factories  are  able  to  depress  considerable  the 
prices  on  the  Rhine,  notwithstanding  the  im- 
port duty  of  2  florins.  A  largo  company  has 
been  formed  in  Vienna,  to  introduce  the  pro- 
cess of  Tessie  du  Mothay  ;  another  for  Unger- 
er's  method;  and  a  third  for  a  third  patent. 

The  claims  of  superiority  over  other  methods 
(especially  those  of  Sinclair,  du  Mothay,  etc.) 
made  by  Ungerer,  are: — 1.  Simplicity  and 
cheapness  of  method  ;  2.  Less  steam  pressure  ; 
3.  Less  soda  and  chloride  of  lime  ;  4.  Nearly 
complete  regaining  of  the  soda  (98  per  cent, 
against  70) ;  5.  Economy  in  power,  there  being 
no  grinding  ;  6.  Greater  strength  of  manufac- 
tured material. 


Fireproof  Buildings. — If  you  will  have  wood 
floors  and  stairs,  lay  a  flooring  of  the  thickest 
sheet  iron  over  the  joists,  and  your  wood  upon 
that  and  sheath  your  stairs  with  the  same  ma- 
terial. A  floor  will  not  burn  without  a  supply 
of  air  under  it.  Throw  a  dry  board  upon  a  flat 
pavement,  and  kindle  it  as  it  lies  if  you  can. 
Prevent  drafts,  and,  though  there  will  be  fires, 
no  houses  will  be  consumed. 


Staining  Horn. — Horn  may  be  stained  by 
being  immersed  in  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver, 
aud  then  exposing  it  to  sunlight.  Or  it  may  be 
steeped  in  a  hot  dilute  solution  of  bicromate  of 
potash,  and  then  in  a  decoction  of  logwood. 


388 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  22,  1872. 


SINING  NUMMARY. 


The  following  ia  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  theinterior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 

California. 

ALPINE  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — Monitor  Miner,  June  8:  Bull- 
ion to  the  yalne  of  $2,200  was  shipped 
from  the  Tarshish  mill  this  week. 

Wet  Crushing. — Alpine  Chronicle,  June 
8:    The  Schenectady  Mill   is  being  put  in 
order  for  crushing. 
AMADOR  COUNTY. 

State  of  Maine. — Amador  Ledger,  June 
15:  The  Co.  will  have  their  water-power 
mill  completed  and  in  readiness  for  re- 
ducing ore  about  the  1st  of  July. 

Bobbery. — On  Saturday  night  last,  the 
sluice  boxs  on  the  claim  of  Baptiesto  & 
Co.,  near  Volcano,  were  cleaned  up  and 
about  $1,500  taken. 

Plymouth. — Bich  rock  has  lately  been 
struck  at  a  depth  of  300  ft.  in  the  Alpine. 

Suttee   Ckeek. — Cor.   same:    Work  at 
the  Summit    mine    is    progressing    with 
vigor. 
CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

West  Point. — Calaveras  Chronicle,  June 
15:  Fresh  developments  are  being  con- 
stantly made,  and  work  is  progressing  with 
unabated  vigor. 

At  the  Zacatara  work  is  being  pressed  on 
the  170-ft.  level  with  extremely  favorable 
results.  The  rock  taken  out  is  very  rich 
and  the  lead  is  showing  finely. 

In  the  Bartolo  the  rock  being  taken  from 
the  bottom  of  the  shaft  will  average  $100 
per  ton.  At  125  ft.  the  ledge  varies  from 
2  to  3  ft.  in  width,  all  the  rock  showing 
free  gold. 

In  the  Harris,  near  the  Bartolo,  30  tons 
of  rock,  lately  crushed,  paid  $60  per  ton. 
The  shaft  is  80  ft.  deep. 

The  Steger  is  lying  idle  on  account  of 
water. 

Work  is  steadily  progressing  on  the 
Woodland  and  Ohio  Cons. 

Capitol. — San  Andreas  Citizen,  June  15: 
This  claim  is  down  about  50  ft.,  with  a  4- 
ft.  vein  steadily  improving. 

By  Telegbaph. — Los  Angeles,  June  13: 
Six  hundred  bars  of  base  bullion  have 
been  received  from  Cerro  Gudo  for  ship- 
ment to  S.  P. 

Lonq  Tom. — Bakersfield  Californian, 
June  6:  In  Long  Tom  No.  2  a  rich  and 
extensive  body  of  quartz  has  been  develop- 
ed which  promises  to  be  as  valuable  a  pro- 
duction as  the  old  mine. 

NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Nobth  Stab. — G.  V.  Union,  June  9:  The 
mine  is  pumped  out  and  will  be  ready  for 
the  undergronnd  workmen  to-morrow. 

Gbeenhobn.— We  saw  yesterday  a  fine 
specimen  of  ore  which  has  just  been  taken 
from  the  mine.  The  rock  coming  out  and 
put  through  the  mill  will  give  the  June 
yield  at  double  that  of  May. 

Shamrock. — The  shaft  is  down  60  'ft. 
and  the  ledge  in  the  bottom  is  about  eight 
inches  thick.  There  are  between  15  and  20 
tons  of  quartz  on  the  dump  and  a  crush- 
ing will  soon  be  had. 

Bioh  Claims. — Nevada  Transcript,  June 
13:  The  old  Teeple  claims  at  Omega,  are 
paying  splendidly.  The  Co.  made  a  par- 
tial clean  up,  a  few  days  ago,  of  $40,000. 
It  is  expected  their  total  receipts  for  the 
Beason  will  not  vary  much  from  $100,000. 

GKANiTEvrLLE. — The  Erie  Co.  are  sink- 
ing the  main  shaft  100  ft.  deeper,  when 
another  level  will  be  opened.  The  Ansho 
ledge  is  about  half  a  mile  from  the  Erie. 
They  are  running  a  tunnel  of  100  ft.  which 
will  cut  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of  100  ft. 
The  Black  &  Young  mine  is  paying  splen- 
didly. 

The  Bussel  Bavine  ledge,  at  Bocky 
Glen,  is  owned  by  a  Virginia  Co.  who  have 
struck  a  rich  and  well  defined  ledge.  It  is 
their  design  to  put  up  machinery  on  it  in 
a  short  time.  It  is  reported  that  the  Sweet 
mine,  at  the  South  Pork,  is  sold  to  S.  P. 
capitalists,  who  propose  to  erect  hoisting 
works  and  a  mill  on  it  immediately.  The 
Union  rock  looks  fair  and  has  paid  $10  per 
ton.  The  Iowa,  in  the  same  locality,  is  a 
large  and  good  looking  ledge. 

The  Birchville  Co.  is  sinking  a  fine  shaft 
and  are  down  about  250  ft. 

Belief  Hill. — The  Eagle  gravel  claims 
in  5  days  run  paid  $4,600.  The  Specie 
lelaims  yielded  $4,000  at  their  last  clean 
■up.  At  Woolsey's  Plat  the  Boston  Co. 
.cleaned  up  in  &%  days  working,  $7,100, 
and  this  only  from  the  upper  boxes,  leav- 
ing qnite  a  number  as  yet  untouched. 

The  Oriental  Co.  cleaned  up  about 
$3,000  the  other  day  after  about  ft  week's 
run. 

There  is  another  Co.  known  as  the  Blue 
Bank,  which  is  paying  well. 

The  owners  are  running  a  tunnel  into 


these  claims.     It  will  be  600  ft.  long  when 
completed. 

At  Moore's  Plat  there  are  3  Co's.  wash- 
ing, viz:  The  Illinois,  Eagle  and  Woe 
Ting.  The  Eagle  Co.  cleaned  up  about 
$4,400  in  a  short  run.  The  Illinois  Co., 
who  are  only  stripping,  took  out  $5,000  in 
a  very  short  time,  while  the  expenses  were 
but  small.  The  Co.  expects  to  clean  up 
over  $15,000. 
PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Bioh  Stbike. — Quincy  National,  June 
8:  Another  rich  pay  chimney  has  been 
struck  in  the  Baker  ledge,  Cherokee,  in 
the  180-ft.  level,  running  south  from  the 
new  incline.  The  rock  prospects  from  $50 
to  $60  per  ton.  The  mill  is  running  day 
and  night,  on  rock  paying  from  6  to  $8 
per  ton,  and  crushes  from  20  to  24  tons  per 
day. 

Sawpit  &  Vicinity. — The  Last  Chance 
Co. ,  below  Sawpit,  will  make  big  money 
this  year.  Dorsey  &  Co.,  on  South  Pork, 
have  been  making  good  wages  all  winter, 
and  the  claim  is  still  paying  well.  Mickel 
&  Bros,  will  have  an  engine  at  work  on 
their  claims  on  South  Pork,  during  the 
coming  summer,  and  their  prospects  are 
good  for  plenty  of  ore. 

Hudson. — The  rock  from  the  shaft  and 
drifts  is  literally  "lousy"  with  gold,  and 
several  specimens  prospected  from  $40  to 
$75  per  ton,  The  shaft  is  to  be  sunk  40  or 
50  ft.  deeper. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Items. — San  Diego  Union,  June  6:  The 
Antelope  mill,  at  Banner,  is  running  ore 
from  its  mine.  Work  is  being  prosecuted 
on  the  Golden  Chariot,  Beady  Belief,  Ken- 
tuck,  Madden,  Atlantic  Cable,  and  Chap- 
paral  mines.  The  Chapparal  and  Madden 
will  have  some  ore  crushed  at  the  Ante- 
lope mill  ere  long.  The  Beady  Belief  is 
looking  better. 

At  Julian,  Defree's  mill  is  running  stead- 
ily on  Owens  ore.  Pierce's  mill  is  crush- 
ing rock  from  the  Hayden  ledge.  The 
Stonewall  is  pushing  the  construction  of 
the  new  works,  but  is  steadily  running  at 
the  old  site  until  the  new  arrangements 
shall  be  completed.  The  following  leads 
are  being  worked  at  Julian:  The  old 
George  Washington  has  been  commenced 
again.  The  Eagle  mine  is  developing  un- 
der Capt.  Gale;  regular  operations  are  go- 
ing forward  on  the  Owens,  Van  Wert,  Hay- 
den, San  Diego  and  Helvetia  mines. 
SISKIYOU  COUNTY. 

Yreka  Union,  June  8  :  Bobbed. — The 
sluices  in  the  claim  of  White  &  Co.,  on 
Prench  Plat,  Humbug,  were  robbed  on  Fri- 
day, May  31st,  of  between  $200  and  $400. 
The  same  night  also,  the  sluices  of  Oster- 
man  &  Co.,  near  Hawkinsville,  were 
robbed. 

TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

Sonora  Independent,  June  15 :  Widen- 
ing.— At  the  15  ft. -level,  in  the  Ham  & 
Sloan  lead,  American  Camp  District,  the 
vein  has  widened  to  the  thickness  of  7  or 
8  inches.  Amount  of  a  pan  of  decomposed 
material,  they  get  $7  in  pure  gold. 

Ophib  Quabtz  Mine. — The  vein,  at  200 
feet  below  the  surface,  is  2  ft.  in  width, 
and  from  an  assay  just  made  out  of  average 
rock,  prospects  over  $600  to  the  ton. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Elko  Independent,  June  8 :  New  Dis- 
teict. — A  new  district  has  been  discovered 
about  20  miles  south  of  Toano,  and  named 
the  "Silver  Zone."  The  ore  found,  assays 
well  up  in  the  thousands,  and  the  pros- 
pects are  good  for  a  good  camp. 

Cope  Dist. — Work  on  the  Excelsior,  is 
being  pushed  with  flattering  prospect.  It 
is  supposed  that  the  bullion  yield  from 
Cope  District,  for  1872,  will  equal  that  of 
the  two  previous  years. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT- 

Eureka  Sentinel,  June  11th:  Bich  Obe. 
— The  body  of  ore  recently  developed  in 
the  Adams-Hill  mine,  assays  from  $400  to 
$800  per  ton.  The  grand  average  of  the 
entire  deposit,  will  not  fall  below  $600  per 
ton. 

Coy  Hill. — The  Wild  Bover  is  showing 
an  excellent  body  of  ore.  Already  30  or  40 
tons  of  ore  are  on  the  dump,  and  will  very 
soon  be  worked.  Average  rock  from  this 
mine  assays  from  $100  to  $250  per  ton- 

The  Benito,  just  above,  shows  a  good 
body  of  ore. 

The  Grand  Deposit,  Douglas,  and  Vulcan 
mines,  all  show  good  signs  of  extra  milling 
ore  in  large  quantities,  as  do  the  Selden 
and  Dick  mines. 

The  new  furnace  will  be  running  by 
July  4th. 
ELY  DISTRICT. 

Ely  Record,  June  9  :  Bullion. — W.  P. 
&  Co.  shipped  during  the  past  week,  bul- 
lion valued  at  $139,184.01,  an  excess  of 
$38,120. J.7  over  that  of  the  previous  week. 


Custom  Mill.— A  Custom  Mill  is  soon 
to  be  erected  here.  It  will  start  up  with 
10  stamps,  but  will  be  built  of  a  capacity 
for  20.  A  furnace  will  also  be  attached 
to  the  mill.  The  total  cost  is  estimated  at 
$50,000. 

Pioche. — Bullion  shipped  since  the  22d 
ult.  The  average  pulp  assay  of  the  ore,  is 
$249  per  ton.  The  main  shaft  is  down  400 
ft.,  and  will  again  cut  the  ledge  at  the 
depth  of  620  ft.  At  present  drifting  toward 
the  ledge  on  lower  level.  Expect  to  strike 
the  ledge  in  about  45  ft.  more  in  the  cross- 
cut on  the  460-foot  drift.  Most  of  the  ore 
raised  at  present  comes  from  fourth  sta- 
tion, and  is  from  the  same  body  as  they 
expect  to  strike  in  the  lower  level.  The 
fourth  station  drift  is  improving  rapidly, 
and  the  chances  for  striking  a  large  body 
of  ore  at  this  point  are  favorable.  Expect 
to  commence  crushing  ore  at  the  Bowery 
mill  to-day,  and  will  then  have  two  mills 
(25  stamps)  running  on  ore  from  this  mine. 

Newton  Booth. — Sinking  on  the  shaft  is 
going  ahead  with  good  progress. 

Pacific  Tunnel. — At  present  looking  ex- 
tremely well  in  the  face,  as  honeycomb  rock 
is  coming  in  and  indications  are  favorable. 

Huhn  &  Hunt. — Drifting  into  the  hill 
for  prospecting  purposes.  Cut  into  a  small 
ledge,  about  6  inches  in  width,  in  the  drift 
last  week,  assays  from  which  showed  $365 
per  ton. 

Chief  of  the  Hill. — Bunning  drift  west 
on  lower  level,  tin  which  the  ledge  con- 
tinues to  improve  and  widen.  Still  work- 
ing on  the  raises  for  air,  which  is  now 
good,  except  in  the  lower  winze. 

Newark. — Still  sinking  the  winze  on  the 
lower  level. 

Two  Bbothtks. — The  2  ore  seams,  have 
come  together,  and  show  8  inches  in  width 
in  the  ledge.     The  shaft  is  down  150  ft. 

Setting  Sun. — The  shaft  is  down  65  ft., 
and  sinking  has  been  suspended.  The  drift 
is  looking  well,  arid  shows  good  ore  in  the 
face. 

Speing  Mountain  Tunnel. — Drifting  on 
second  ledge  cut  in  tunnel,  and  in  on  it  25 
ft.,  with  ledge  showing  3  ft.  wide  in  face. 
Ore  shows  in  bunches  throughout  ledge, 
but  has  not  yet  come  in  solidly. 

Candob. — Mine  looking  well  in  both 
shafts,  and  constantly  improving. 

Chapman. — Commenced  opening  the  300- 
ft.  level  on  Friday  last. 

Gkey  Eagle. — The  shaft  down  30  ft  , 
and  shows  2  ft,  of  ore  in  the  bottom. 

Lodi  Tunnel. — Is  in  80  ft.,  and  pushing 
ahead  with  good  progress. 

Victor. — This  location,  west  of  the  Set- 
ting Sun,  and  east  of  the  Silver  Peak  start- 
ed up  work  again  Saturday. 

Desdemona. — Still  running  drift  west 
from  Fuller  shaft,  and  have  it  in  over  100 
ft.,  with  ore  showing  well  in  face. 

Meadow  Valley. — The  rumor  in  regard 
to  the  strike  in  the  300ft.  level  in  No.  3 
shaft,  we  have  been  unable  to  traoe  to  re- 
liable authority.  Shipping  the  usual 
quantity  of  ore  to  mill. 

Stirling. — Good  progress  is  being  made, 
and  ore  shows  well  in  the  ledge  as  sinking 
progresses. 

Amelia. — Still  sinking  the  shaft,   which 
is  down  65  ft.,  with  the  ledge  showing  3% 
ft.  in  the  bottom. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — Unionville  Silver  State,  June 
15:  The  shipments  for  2  week  amounts 
to  $14,251,  from  the  Arizona  mine. 

Eagle. — An  incline  of  130  ft.  has  been 
run,  and  a  shaft  of  70  ft.  sunk  on  the  ledge 
averaging  5  ft.  in  width.  There  are  500 
tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  that  will  work 
$100  per  ton. 

Clean  Up. — The  Pioneer  mill,  after  a 
run  of  9  days,  on  tailings,  with  only  2  pans, 
cleaned  up  56  ft>s.  of  bullion,  .991  fine. 

Gov.  Bradley. — The  shaft  on  the  ledge 
is  35  ft.  deep.  The  vein  is  from  5  to  6  ft. 
wide,  and  assays  from  $105  to  $2,767  per 
ton  in  silver. 

New  Furnace.  —  A  new  Stetefeldt  fur- 
nace is  soon  to  be  erected  in  connection 
with  the  Pioneer  mill. 

Adams  Mine. — The  ledge  is  very  regular, 
and  the  ore  carries  from  $50  to  $500  per 
ton  in  silver,  with  a  small  percentage  of 
base  metal. 

Fine  Mine. — Buse  &  Co.  in  Central  Dist., 
are  taking  out  and  shipping  some  exceed- 
ingly  rich   ore.      The  last  shipped,   went 
something  over  $200  to  the  ton. 
REESE  RIVER. 

Bullion.— Beese  Biver  Reveille  June  8: 
W.  F.  &■'  Co.,  shipped  during  May,  94  bars 
weighing  8,732  pounds  of  the  value  of 
$104,000,49. 

Belmont. — The  Canfield  mine  of  the 
Belmont  Co.  has  its  new  hoisting  works 
running  and  is  raising  fine  ore.  They  are 
also  sinking  the  main  incline. 

The  Monitor  Go.  is  taking  out  lots  of 
rich  ore  and  opening  the  chute  from  the 
main  to  the  upper  level , 


The  El  Dorado  South  Co.'s  lower  north 
level  is  in  140  ft.,  the  south  100  ft.  The 
main  incline  is  down  400  ft.  A  large 
quantity  of  fine  ore  has  been  extracted. 

In  the  Arizona  a  level  is  being  run  north 
from  the  main  tunnel  in  a  large  vein  of 
ore;  there  is  also  a  lower  level  being  run 
north  and  one  south  to  strike  the  main 
chimney. 

The  Combination  Co.'s  hoisting  works 
are  running  and  taking  out  fine  Stetefeldt- 
ite  ore. 

There  are  about  200  miners  working  in 
the  camp. 

WASHOE. 

Local  Summaby.— Belcheb. — Gold  Hill 
News,  June  15:  Daily  yield  275  tons,  from 
1,100  and  1,000  ft.  levels.  The  main  in- 
cline measures  407  ft.  below  the  850  ft. 
level.  The  drift  west  at  the  1,100  to  meet 
this  incline  is  in  90  ft.  and  has  90  ft.  farther 
to  go  but  progress  in  drift  and  incline  is 
necessarily  slow,  owing  to  the  very  hot  air 
and  lack  of  ventilation.  No  work  is  being 
done  at  the  1,200  ft.  level.  When  the  in- 
cline reaches  the  1,100  ft.  level  it  will  be 
140  ft.  west  of  the  ledge,  in  the  hard  west 
country  rock.  At  the  1,000  ft.  level  in  the 
incline,  a  station  is  opened  and  drifting 
east  to  the  ledge  is  being  done.  When  the 
proper  point  is  reached,  drifting  north 
from  it  will  be  done  in  order  to  meet  the 
drift  south  being  driven  at  the  1,000  ft. 
level.  This  drift  is  in  splendid  ore,  some 
of  it  exceedingly  rich.  It  assays  $16,000  to 
the  ton.  The  last  shipment  of  bullion  av- 
eraged nearly  70  per  cent.  gold.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  yield  for  May:  Number  of 
tons,  7,411;  yield  per  ton,  $57.93;  per  cent 
worked  76;  total  yield,  $429,  339.35. 

Oveeman. — Sinking  the  shaft  deeper  for 
a  new  level  was  commmenced  last  Sunday. 
The  drift  at  the  1,000  ft.  level  toward  the 
ledge  is  in  248  ft.  and  in  more  favorable 
indications  than  ever.  The  ground  works 
well  and  the  chances  for  developing  a  good 
body  of  ore  are  excellent. 

Cons.  Vieginia. — The  drift  south  on  the 
500  ft.  level  is  continued  through  a  strong 
vein  of  quartz  of  a  very  favorable  appear- 
ance. The  east  cross-cut  at  this  level  is  in 
80  ft.  from  the  main  south  drift,  46  ft.  of 
which  are  in  fine  looking  quartz,  with  spots 
of  ore.  The  drift  from  the  Gould  &  Curry 
is  within  50  ft.  of  the  southern  boundary 
of  the  mine.  This  drift  is  progressing 
at  the  rate  of  4  ft.  per  day.  The  vein  will 
be  tapped  by  this  tunnel  at  a  perpendicu- 
lar depth  of  1,100  ft. 

Ckown  Point. — The  water  at  the  lowest 
level  being  well  conquered,  the  ore  yield 
has  nearly  reached  its  old  standard  again. 
About  two-thirds  of  the  ore  comes  from 
the  1,200  ft.  level,  and  the  balance  from 
the  level  above.  The  winzes  bolow  the 
1,200  are  being  sunk  as  fast  as  the  receding 
water  will  allow. 

Chollab  Potosi. — Daily  yield,  165  tons, 
all  from  the  regular  old  workings. 

The  cleaning  out  and  repairing  of  the 
shaft  is  being  actively  prosecuted.  Over 
500  ft.  of  it  will  have  to  be  retimbered. 
This  work  is  now  commenced. 

Hale  &  Nobceosb. — Daily  yield  about  45 
tons.  The  winze  from  the  1,400  ft,  level  is 
110  ft.  down  toward  the  1,500  ft.  level.  At 
a  further  distance  of  40  ft.  the  lowest  level 
will  be  reached. 

Buckeye. — Daily  yield,  20  tous  of  ore, 
averaging  about  $16  per  ton.  The  incline 
is  down  232  ft.  Drifting  south  from  the 
bottom  of  the  incline  is  stopped  on  account 
of  water.  The  recent  ore  developments 
south  of  the  shaft  are  looking  still   better 

Ophib. — Sinking  the  main  shaft  deeper 
was  resumed  last  Monday,  and  excellent 
progress  is  being  made.  In  order  to  con- 
centrate upon  this  point,  work  is  stopped 
for  the  present  at  the  1,200  ft.  level.  Pros- 
pecting the  1,100  ft.  level  is  being  aotively 
prosecuted,  however,  with  more  favorable 
indications  in  the  north  drift. 

Savage. — Daily  yield  162  tons,  from  the 
lower  levels  principally.  The  ore  body 
developed  at  that  point,  contains  an  occa- 
sional streak  of  very  rich  ore. 

Impebial-Empibe.  —  The  drift  at  the 
1,500  ft.  level  is  in  quartz,  which  looks 
well  but  carries  little  or  no  metal.  The 
drifts  at  the  1,650  ft.  level  have  reached 
what  is  thought  to  be  the  west  side  of  the 
ledge. 

Bed  Jacket. — This  mine  is  being  opened 
and  developed  in  good  style. 

Suteo  Tunnel.— Total  length,  2,923  ft. 

Woodville. — Shaft  162  ft.  deep,  and 
sinking  deeper,  with  considerable  water  to 
contend  with.  The  fine  body  of  ore  men- 
tioned last  week  as  developed  in  the  tun- 
nel is  looking  better  and  more  extensive 
than  ever.  Daily  yield,  30  tons  of  pre, 
averaging  $30  at  nii}l. 

Yellow  Jacket. — Daily  yield,  25  t.ons. 
The  1,540-ft.  station  is  beingopened.  The 
drift  through  the  Kentuck  at  the  1,300-ft. 


June  22,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


389 


level,  to  connect  with  the  Crown  Point  for 
air.  bad  to  be  discontinued  on  account  of 
the  water  in  the  Crown  Point. 

Mc -Means. — The  ledge  of  ore  developed 
by  the  tunnel  has  widened  out  to  9  ft. ,  and 
shows  better  and  better  as  further  pene- 
trated. The  tunnel  is  in  115  ft,  and  the 
face  shows  very  superior  ore,  which  will 
pay  well  for  milling. 

Justice. — The  water  being  under  con- 
trol, drifting  at  the  100-f t.  level  is  resumed. 
The  south  drift  is  in  milling  ore,  assaying 
about  810  to  the  ton. 

Gould  &  Ccruy. — Sinking  the  incline 
deeper  was  resnmed  last  Sunday,  and  is 
progressing  well. 

Knickerbocker. — Shaft  down  about  300 
ft.  The  new  hoisting  works  are  complet- 
ed and  operate  smoothly. 

Succor. — New  shaft  down  140  ft.  Rock 
hard,  but  good  progress  making.  Mill  not 
running  at  present. 

Julian. — Shaft  down  853  ft.  and  still  in 
streaks  of  fair  grade  ore. 

Sierra  Nevada. — Daily  ore  yield  45  tons. 
The  raise  above  the  lower  tunnel  is  yield- 
ing some  pretty  fair  ore. 

Caledonia. — The  700-ft.  station  is  be- 
ing opened  for  a  drift  into  the  ledge. 

Senator. — Virginia  Enterprise,  June  9: 
Yesterday  there  was  landed  at  the  shaft  of 
this  mine  a  full  set  of  hoisting  machinery, 
including  boiler,  engine  and  everything 
complete. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Treasure  Hill  Mines— Oriuinal  Hid- 
den Treasure. — White  Pine  News,  June  8: 
Owing  to  the  strike  of  the  miners,  but  lit- 
tle development  was  made  during  the 
week.  The* Wheeler  tunnel  will  cut  the 
ore  channel  600  ft.  below  the  croppings. 
The  ore  body  in  the  different  openings 
shows  well,  and  there  is  every  probability 
that  it  will  hold  out. 

East  Sheboygan. — Commenoed  hauling 
ore  to  Swansea  mill  to-day. 

Sunbeam. — Sinking  goes  ahead  in  the 
Moscow  shaft,  with  good  ore  in  sight. 

Silver  Wave. — The  vertical  shaft,  for 
hoisting  ore  from  the  Boswell  chamber,  will 
connect  with  the  chamber  by  the  last  of 
next  week.  Fair  headway  is  made  in  the 
Perkins  shaft.  There  is  a  force  of  24  men 
employed  in  the  works. 

Schell  Creek  Mines — Jupiter. — Schell 
Creek  Prospect,  June  8:  The  shaft  down 
30  ft.,  is  being  sunk  still  further,  and  rich 
rock  found. 

Ontario. — The  ore  is  sulphurets  and 
chloride  of  silver,  and  is  very  rioh. 

Buena  Vista  shows  -well.  In  the  tunnel 
they  have  rich  ore  There  are  several  shafts 
down,  all  in  good  ore. 

Mary. — Still  running  tunnel — ore  along 
it.     Work  progressing  every  day. 

Schell  Creek  Canon  Mine  is  panning 
out  pretty  well.  They  are  driving  a  cut 
into  the  mountain  to  out  the  main  ledge. 

Stonehill  &  Thornton. — Work  will  be 
commenced  in  a  few  days. 

Mountain  View  is  south  of  the  Jupiter. 
There  is  a  shaft  down  on  it  25  ft.  in  good 
ore  which  avorages  $60  per  ton.  The  ledge 
is  about  2  ft.  wide. 

Centreville  Mines. — The  mines  in  this 
flourishing  camp  are  looking  splendidly. 
The  mill  will  be  in  course  of  erection  in  a 
few  days. 

Queen  Spring  Mines. — Larbross  tunnel 
is  in  about  156  ft. ;  passed  through  12  ft. 
of  vein  matter.  This  tunnel  is  being 
worked  day  and  night. 

War  Horse. — This  mine  looks  very  well. 

Arizona. 

Items. — Prescott  Miner,  June  1:  Work 
was  progressing  favorably  in  Tiger  and 
Pine  Grove  Dists.  Jesse  Jackson  brought 
over  about  £1,500  in  gold  bars,  being  the 
proceeds  of  a  few  days'  run  of  the  Del  Pas- 
co 4-stamp  mill. 

Hualapai. — Los  Angeles  News,  June  8: 
An  assay  of  ore  from  the  Treasure  Hill 
Ledge,  near  Cerbat,  returned  $16,640  per 
ton.  A  sample  of  ore  from  an  unnamed 
ledge  realized  $9,000  in  gold  and  £5,000  in 
silver  per  ton .  The  silver  in  both  of  these 
ledges  is  hornsilver.  One  of  a  similar 
character  from  the  Wild  Irish  Boy  ledge 
will  show  an  assay  yield  of  from  £12,000  to 
£15,000  per  ton.  The  ore  of  the  Income 
ledge,  Mineral  Park,  has  been  worked  by 
an  arastra,  yielding  at  the  rate  of  $700  per 
ton. 

Colorado. 

Shipments. — Colorado  Miner,  June  6: 
Hall  &  Co.  have  crushed,  sampled  and 
sacked,  since  our  last  report,  80,915  lbs. 
of  ore. 

The  Hopewell,  Eepnblican  M.  is  turning 
ont  ore  in  large  quantities  and  of  remarka- 
ble richness. 

Discovery. — Eichenberg,  White,  Glass, 
and  Wolfong,  working  all  winter,  in  a  tun- 
nel, in  Leavenworth  M.  at  159  ft,,  have 
struck  a  rich  vein  of  silver  ore. 


Lavttt. — Central  Register,  June  5:  From 
one  shaft,  about  thirty  tons  of  ore  are 
raised  doily.  For  the  past  month  the  mill 
ore  has  yielded  from  815  to  S25  per  ton, 
under  stamps,  and  the  smelting  ore,  for 
the  same  period,  ha3  been  sold  for  about 
8170  per  ton. 

The  La  Crosse  tunnel  is  in  about  1,000 
feet. 

Caribou  Mine.— Caribou  Post,  June  8: 
On  the  east  end  of  the  lode  owned  by  the 
"old  Caribou"  Co.,  a  shaft  has  been  sunk, 
170  ft.,  at  the  bottom  of  which  is  a  mag- 
nificent crovice  of  very  rich  ore. 

The  first  level,  120  ft.  from  the  surface, 
carries  a  15  to  20  inch  vein  of  first-class 
ore  and  crevioe  of  second  grade  ore  2  ft. 
in  width;  50  ft.  below  this  a  second  level 
has  been  driven. 

In  the  west  the  main  shaft  is  290  ft.  in 
depth.  In  the  bottom  there  is  a  crevice 
of  solid  ore  running  across  the  Bhaft,  15 
inches  wide,  and  a  crevice  of  ore,  2  ft. par- 
rying sulphurets  of  silver,  brittle  silver, 
galena  and  copper  pyrites. 

The  fourth  level  30  ft  from  the  bottom, 
35  ft  long,  shows  a  splendid  vein  of  ore. 
Over  this  is  a  "lift"  of  ground  70  ft. 
deep,  that  is  traversed  by  a  drift  140  ft.  in 
length.  The  21  ft.  adjoinining  this, 
though  not'absolutely  worthless  is  so  con- 
sidered. The  ore  crevice  of  the  81  ft.  ad- 
joining this  bar  of  ground  is  rich  in  native 
silver  and  black  sulphuret.  On  a  level 
with  this  drift  the  Caribou  Co.  are  driving 
a  level  to  oonnect  with  their  shaft,  distant 
about  100  ft.  In  this,  the  pay  vein,  the 
entire  length  of  the  drift,  first  grade  ore, 
28  inches  in  width,  and  the  second  grade 
20  inches,  a  total  of  four  ft.  The  next  or 
second  level,  has  been   driven   over  200  ft. 

Montana. 

Deer  Lodge  Mines. — Cor.  Deer  Lodge 
Independent,  June  8:  At  Carpenter's  Bar 
half  a  dozen  hydraulics  and  several  ground- 
sluices  are  running.  Strickland,  Green  & 
Pounds'  mammoth  bed-rock  flume  will  be 
completed  to  the  richest  part  of  the  gulch 
by  the  first  of  August.  Twenty  Chinamen 
are  employed  in  the  mines  at  £3  per 
day — white  men  receiving  from  £4  to  $5 
per  day. 

At  Carpenter's  Gulch  several  bed-rock 
flumes  are  running  above  the  mouth  of 
the  canon,  and  men  are  at  work  in  all  the 
little  side  gulches. 

Work  on  the  upper  Ophir  Gulch  is  still 
carried  on,  and  it  will  be  several  years  be- 
fore the  mines  will  be  worked  out.  Claims 
are  paying  from  $5  to  $10  per  day. 

The  Buel  lode  is  14  ft.  from  wall  to  wall. 
It  contains  large  streaks  of  solid  copper 
ore.  The  main  lode  prospects  free  gold. 
Quartz  experts  think  it  will  pay  £15  per 
ton.  A  shaft  20  ft.  deep  has  been  sunk, 
and  the  walls  are  well  defined  and  the  lode 
seems  to  improve. 

Several  Cos.  of  white  men  are  working 
on  lower  Ophir  Gulch  and  bar,  some  of 
whom  are  making  from  one  to  two  ozs.  a 
day  to  the  hand.  Seven  or  eight  ground- 
sluice  and  hydraulic  claims  are  running  on 
Nelson  Hill,  all  of  which  are  paying  well, 

Two  flumes  are  running  in  Illinois 
Gulch.  We  were  shown  by  J.  M.  Jordan 
several  fine  nuggets  taken  from  his  claim, 
and  among  them  was  one  weighing  some- 
thing over  6%  ozs. 

J.  S.  Yandell,  a  few  days  ago,  discover- 
ed diggings  in  the  bar  east  of  French 
Gulch  and  below  Ballard  &  Mellings' 
flume.  Prospects  ranging  from  2  to  50 
cents  to  the  pan  were  obtained. 

Ashmeade  &  Allen  are  running  two  pipes 
on  Maiden's  Bar,  east  of  the  French  divide 
south  of  Bratton'a  Bar.  One  Co.  of  white 
men  and  several  Chinese  Cos.  are  working 
in  the  head  of  Pioneer  Gulch. 

Some  20  men  and  a  number  of  China- 
men are  engaged  on  the  bars  between 
Pioneer  City  and  the  mouth  of  Pike's 
Peak. 

Two  hydraulics  are  running  in  Trail 
Gulch,  east  of  Gold  creek.  Ten  men  are 
employed,  and  good  pay  is  being  taken 
out.  H.  Smith  &■  Co.  started  up  their  hy- 
draulic on  Wilson's  Bar,  last  week,  and 
Fitzpatrick  &  McKenzie  will  start  another 
next  week.  O.  M.  Timberlake  runs  three 
sluices  and  one  hydraulic.  Fagan  &  Co., 
and  O'Neil  &  Casey,  are  hydraulic  mining 
in  Dry  Gulch.  All  these  claims  have  paid 
well  where  clean-ups  have  been  made. 

Discovery. — Harry  Richardson  and  W. 
Park  recently  discovered  a  ledge  of  silver 
ore  near  the  Trout  mine,  at  Philipsburg,  3 
ft.  wide. 

Utah. 

Big  Strike.— S.  L.  Tribmie,  June  7: 
Friend  She  arman  -writing  from  Bingham 
ooncluded  by  stating,  "have  just  made  a 
fine  discovery  in  low  grade,  Bingham. 
Surface  assays  so  far,  $182,  ©165  and 
$750." 

American    Fork. — We  hear   of  a   rich 


strike  in  this  canon  about  1,100  ft.  north 
of  the  Miller  mine,  which  is  supposed  to 
be  a  continuance  of  the  Miller  vein  of  ore. 
The  assays  are  above  $400  to  the  ton  in 
silver  and  a  large  per  cent,  in  lead. 

Black  Jack. — Cor.  same:  The  Lucky 
Boy  is  working  about  30  men  and  is  look- 
ing better  every  day. 

The  French  Spy  is  working  10  men  and 
pushing  tunnel  rapidly  towards  comple- 
tion. This  mine  was  lately  bonded  by 
eastern  capitalists  for  100,000.  They  will 
tap  the  ledge  about  the  1st  of  next  month. 

The  Beamice  &  Hyatt  parties  are  prepar- 
ing to  tunnel  to  the  ledge.  Shaft  down 
45  ft.. 

The  Pride  of  the  West  is  lookiug  finely; 
3  shifts  working.     Tunnel  is  about  80  ft. 

The  Alhnmbra  has  .'J  shifts  working. 
Tunnel  progressing  at  the  rate  of  2  ft.  a 
shift. 

The  Ole  Bull,  Royal  and  Down  East 
have  each  a  good  showing  of  chloride  ore 
and  are  being  rapidly  developed;  $11,000 
was  offered  and  refused  last  week  for  the 
3  locations  and  the  tunnel  site. 


Mining  Shareholders*  Directory — Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  Id  the  Soien. 
tific  Piussa  and  other  Bod  Francisco  journals.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 
NAME,  LOCUTION,  AMOUNT  AND  DAT  DAY 

DATS  OF  ASSESSMENT.  DELINQUENT.      OF  BAJLE. 

Alleghany  Consolidated,  Cal.  Ap.  2u,25L\June3-Jm.e24* 
Alps  M.Co.,  Ely  DiBt.  Nov.,  June  18,  50c,  .Inly  26-Augl'J 
Arizona&Utah  M.Co.,  Nev  ,  June  4,50c,  July  10— July  31 
Balto.M.Co., Storey  Co.,Nev.,Ap'l  30,  £1.  Juuc  5— June  28 
Cascade  Blue  G.  M.  Co.  Cal.  May  15,  20c.Juno  18— July9 
Cherokee  Flat  B.G.  Co  ,Cal.  June  8,  $1,  July  10— July27 
Crown  Point  Ravine  M.Co.  .May  3,  $5...  June  20— July  20 
DefianceM.Co.,GrasBVaHey,  June  3,  50c,  Jnly  5 — July  22 

Eagle  Quicksilver.  May  8,  $40 July  11— July  15* 

£cbendornM.Co.,CalaveraBCo.,  June8,$3,Julyl2— July?8 

El  Dorado  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  May  13,  25c June  16— July  10 

Gen.LeeS.M.Oo.,W.  Plne.Ap'l  27,10c.  .June26—  July  Hi 
Dutch  Flat  B.  G.  Co.,Cal.,June  11,  $1.25,  July  16  -  Aug  6 
Hid.  TreaB.  M.  Co.,  W.  P.,  May  11, 10c... June  17— July  8 
Hid.Treas.Cons.M.Co..W.P.,May  11, 10c..Juuel7— July  8 
Howard  Hill  M.  Co.,G.Valley,  June  4,  $5,July  5— July  20 
Huhn  &  Hunt,  Ely  DiBt.,  May  29,  50  cts..July  5— July  26 
Ida  Elmore  M.  Co.,  Idaho, May  24,  $3.. June  29— July 27 
Independent  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  May  16,50c.June  22— July  12 
IngomarM.  Co.,  Ely  Diet.,  June  5,  25c  July  15- AugUBt  9 
JacobLittleM.Co.,Virginis,Nev.May30,$5,Julyl— Julyttl 

Justice  M.  Co.  Storey  Co.  Nev.,  $1 June  24— July  15 

Kentuck  M. Co., Gold  Hill.Nev. , June  12,$10,  Ju  16-Aug  5 

Knickerbocker,  Nev.,  May  30,  $1 July 3— July  23 

Lord  Byron  G. &S. M.Co., Nev. ,Apr.29,25c.  June  3-June 22 

Lemon  M.  &  M.Co.,  Nev.,  May  29,  $1 July  6— Ang.10 

Lyon  &  Wheeler  Arlzona.May  18,10c, ..June  24 — July  15* 

Mina  Rica  M.  Co.,  May  8,  20c June  10— July  1* 

Minnesota  M.  Co.,  I.  T.,  May  12,  $1.50.  June  22— July  20 
Newark  M.Co . , Ely  Dist.Nev., June  12, 50c,July  22-Aug  17 
Newton  BoothCons.M.Co.,Nev.June  6,30c,July  12— 4ng5 
Ohio  Cons.  M.  Co.  Oal.,  May  21, 10c.  ...June  20— July  20 
Overman  M.Co. .Gold  Hill.Nev. , June  5,$4.  July  18 — Aug7 
Pacific  Borax  Co,, Nevada,  May  4,  20c... June  6 — June 29 
Pea  Vine  S.M.Co.,Ely  DiBt. .May  14,20c. .June  20— July  12 
Potomac  S.M.Co.,NyeCo.,Nev,JuneG, 50c  July  15 — Augl9 
Pride  of  Mt.M,  Co.  Nev.,  May  7, 25c...  June  17^July  10 
RiBingStarS.  M.  Co.,  Idaho,  Ap'127,  $1.  .June  1— June  29 

Roxby,  Gold  Hill,  June  3,  50c July  6- July  27 

Silver  Sprout  M.Co.,  Cal. .April  29,  50c. June  1— June  22* 
St.Patrick  M.Co. .Placer  Co., Cal., June  19,$3,Ju'27-Augl9 
TecumeehM.  Co.,  Cal.,  April  24,  $5. ..  May  29— June  17* 

Union  G.  M.  Co..  Cal.,  May  20,  ?2.50 June  22— July  9* 

Washington  M.  Co.,  May  8,  $3 June  11 -June  29* 

WaBh.&  Creole  M.  Co., Nev., May  13.75c. .June  20—  July  17 
WoodlandM.  Co.,  Col.,  May  21, 12J$c.June  25— July  16* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Altona  No.  1  Gravel  M.Co Annual  Meeting,  July  5 

Belcher  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  June  25 

Belmont  M.Co Annual  Meeting,  June  27 

Hardy  Coal  M .  Co Special  Meeting,  July 

Imperial  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  25 

Kentucky  G.  &  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  29 

Mahogany  G.  &  8.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  Jane  25 

Morning  StarM.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  10 

Newark  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  1 

PocahontaB  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  2 

Pride  of  the  Mountain  M.  Co..  .Annual  Meeting,  July  12 

Rock  iBland  G.  &.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  1 

Union  Consolidated  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  20 

Washington  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  24 

Woodland  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  17 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  Months). 

Belcher  M.  Co.,  $30 Payable  May  10 

Beloher,  $30 Payable  June  10 

Black  Diamond  Coal  Co.,  Jj  per  cent. . .  Payable  May  29 

Crown  Point  G.  &  S.M.  Co.,  $3 Payable  June  12 

Eastport,  Coose  Bay,  Coal  M.  Co.,  $6.00.  .Payable  June  11 

Eureka  Gold  M.  Co,,$l Payable  March  11 

KeyBtone  M.  Co,,  $7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.00 Payable  June  20 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  &  Ely  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  Juno  10 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 


S.  F.  Stock  and  Exchange  Board. 

Thubsday,  June  20. 
The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending 
on  Wednesday  the  12th  inst.  amounted  to 
S2.12G.700.  The  last  clean  up  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  mine  of  700  tons  yielded  $1,448.  The 
Hnle  and  Norcross  mine  yielded  last  week, 
330  tons;  the  Sierra  Nevada,  350  tons;  the  Sav- 
age 1,430  tons,  assaying  $21.27.  The  Pioche 
mine  shipped  last  week  $12,350.  The  Ray- 
mond and  Ely  shipment  on  June  account  is 
$162,000,  the  last  being  $32,000.  The  Crown 
Point  mine,  turned  out  last  month  2,000  tons  of 
ur<- valued  at  $79,000,  and  the  Chollar  Potosi 
1,000  tons  assaying  $41.28  per  ton.  The  last 
clean  up  at  the  Eureka  (Grass  Valley)  mine, 
was  550  ounces  of  amalgam.  Tho  sum  of 
$0,800  was  sent  down  from  the  Kentuck  on  the 
14th  and  18th  iust.  The  Meadow  Valley  Min- 
ing Co's.  dividend  payable  to-day  amounts  to 
$60,000  for  the  month. 

The  market  has  fluctuated  considerably  this 
week.  On  Change  the  stocks  were  in  moder- 
ate demand,  and  prices  weak  and  irregular. 
The  next  day  the  market  was  slightly  improved, 
being  a  little  more  active.  On  the  17th,  there 
was  an  advance  on  the  whole  list,  aud  stocks 
seemed  to  be  in  better  favor.  On  the  18th, 
they  were  weak  again,  most  kinds  showing  a 
decline  from  previous  days'  sale.  "Wednesday, 
the  19th,  there  was  a  fair  business  done  in  the 
Board,  and  prices  were  generally  higher,  Belch- 
er advancing  $77,  and  Crown  Point,  $17,  over 
previous  days'  sales.  To-day  Stocks  were  quiet 
and  business  was  light,  and  compared  with  yes- 
terday's sales,  Belcher  advanced  $20;  Kentuck, 
$5;  Ophir,  Justice,  and  Raymond  &  Ely,  each 
$1.  Savage,  Segregated  Belcher,  and  Yellow 
Jacket,  each  declined  $3;  Caledonia,  Chollar- 
Potosi,  Hale  &  Norcross,  and  Meadow  Valley, 
each  $2  ;  Alpha,  Cons.  Virginia,  Crown  Point, 
and  Exchequer,  each  $1. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

Highest.    Lota  ■■'..     June  20.     Adv.  De. 


June  13. 

Alpha S37*£ 

American  Flag..  lS'-tf 

BeJcner BOO 

Buckeye — 

Cnollar-Potoai . .  109 

Caledonia 40 

Cons.  Virginia...     21 
Crown  Point....  136 


19 

960 
4 

118 

48M 
'i:\Xi 
166 
•iH 

29M 
)6}£ 


Leather  Market  Report. 


[Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro„  No.  109  Post  Bt.] 
San  Fbancisco,  Thursday,  June  20, 1872. 

Sole  Leather.— The  Eastern  market  is  higher,  and  Borne 
tanners  have  advanced  their  prices  bore.  Wo  quote  as 
below : 

City  Tanned  Leather,^  lb 26@29 

Santa  Crua  Leather,  &  lb 26@29 

Country  Leather.  ^  ft 25@28 

Stockton  Leather,^  lb...... ...................... 26@29 

French  skins  continue  nrm.  All  Lalitorma  bilids  are 
scarce  and  brins  full  prices. 

Jodot,  8  Kil.,  perdoz  ...»60 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kit.,  per  doz :,-•"•: '*•  00| 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  $  doz 60  Of 

Lemoine,16tol8  Kil,  ^  doz  76  0( 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  perdoz 68  01, 

Oornellian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00< 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  Kil.,  per  doz ...  60  "" 

Ogerau  Calf,  $  doz 54 

Simon,  18  Kil. ,$  doz  65  00 

Simon,  20  Kil.  &  doz 68  00 

Simon.  24  Kil.  &  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf.  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  ^  tt. 1  '0®    1  30 

California  Kip,  %  doz. 60  00to60  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  T$  doz 15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  &Tb  1  16®    1  26 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ^  doz. . . .    9  00@  13  00 

Sheep  Roane  for  Linings, TO  doz 5  50@  10  60 

California  Russett  Sheep  Linings 1  76®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ^pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  if*  pair 4  50®    5  00 

French  Calf  Boot  Legs,  ®  pair 4  00       __ 

Harness  Leather,  $  lb 30®    37is 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  <&  doz 48  00@  72  00 

Skirting  Leather,  ^  ft 34®    37K 

Welt  Leather,  ^  doz 30  00@  50  00 

Buff  Leather.  #  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather.  $  foot 20®       22 


Eureka  Cons....  29  f 

••  ureka — 

Exchequer 15  17,' 

Gould  <fcCurry..H6  160 

Golden  Chariot..  —  9 

Wale  &  Norcross.  —  70 

Ida  Elmore 16«  19 

Imperial frto  8 

Kentuck 280  280 

Mammoth If  \ 

Meadow  Valley..  15M 

Mahogany — 

Ophir 35 

Orig.  Hid.  Treaa.  13 

Overman 70 

Pioche 16 

Raymond  A  Ely.  125 

Savage  .   147Ji 

Sierra  Nevada...  li 

->uccor — 

Wash.  ACreole..    5 
Vellow  Jacket.  ..122  1 

Justice  8Ji 

Seg.  Belcher....  G7 

Latest  Prices 

BID.  ASKED, 

AlphaCons 39  40 

Amador —  — 

Belcher 960  9r>0 

Chollar-Potosi..     112  113 

Orown  Point —    153  155 

Daney 2f  ~ 

Eureka  Cons....      28 %  29 

Eureka —  — 

Golden  Chariot.        9  9 

Gonld  A  Curry.      —  — 

Hale  &  Norcross     66  67 


17 

800 

3 

105 

3* 

21 
125 
2f 

28  Ji 

16 

15 


15 


23  * 

h 

135 


15J£ 
J* 


113'jJ 
45 

nf 

164 
2f 
284J 
16ft 
16 


7 

270 
90c 

Wi 

37* 

75 

15!£ 
132 
142« 


4* 
5 

18 


&    = 


•I''  Wi'i 

-Bid  and  Asked. 

BID.  ASKEII 

Ida  Elmore IS        — 

Imperial 6K 

Kentuck 270 

Meadow  Valley..    H'4 

Ophir 35 

Orig.  Hid.  Treaa    13 

Overman 75 

Savage 140 

Raymond  A  Ely.    132 
Sierra  Nevada...     16^ 
Yellow  Jaoket...  122 


2S0 
MX 
35« 
13), 
75 

U2K 

132 
16 

122M 


San  Franoisoo  Metal  Market. 


PRICES  FOR  INVOlOlfl 

fobbing  prices  rule/rom  ten  tofifUen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
following  quotaHona. 

Thursday.  June  20,  1872 

'Tsootoh  Pig  Iron.  <B  ton W0  00    ©85  00 

White  Pig.  '■»  ton 70  00®  ,b  00 

Refined  Bar,  bad  assortment.  TR  tt> —  OUs©  — 

Refined  Bar,  good  assortment,  <p  ft —  05  (g)  — 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 -  05«(g  -  ■ 

Plate.No.  5to9 —06 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 -08 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 —  08 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 -  09 

HoreeShoos 7  50    @ 

Nail  Rod •» 

Norway  Iron 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  ©to.        5    ©        6 

Sheathing,  J?  lb —  »  @  -  45 

Sheathing,  Yellow" -M  |-  33 

Sheathing.  Old  Yellow -  12  @  -  l»t 

Composition  Nails — 28         —  31) 

Composition  Bolts —  28         —  30 

Plates!  Charcoal,  IX  ®  boi 19  00  19  50 

Plates,  IO  Charcoal  17  00  17  50 

Roofing  Plate. 16  00  16  50 

BaocaTin,  Slabs,  <£  ft —  50  —  55 

STEEL.-EngliBh  Oast,  «  lb -15  -18 

Drill 15  16 

FlatBar 17 

PlonghPointa 3  75 

Russia  (for  mould  boardB) l  ' 


12X 


20ICK8II.VKB.— $  lb 
EAJ>.-Pig,  *  ft —  ?5** 

Sheet —10 

i!K::::::::::::::::::::."-v::::::::::::;::roB< 

ZiNC.-Sheets,  «  ft —11 

Borax.— Refined —  27 

Borax,  crude —    5 


-  B5 

-06 


There  are  192  miles  in  the  State  of  Nevada, 
used  in  the  crushing  and  redaction  of  various 
ores.  Their  capacity  equals  8,325  horses;  they 
carry  2,848  stamps,  and  costs  over  $10,800,000. 


390 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. - 


[June  22,  1872. 


The  Sutro  Tunnel. 

A  Bulletin  correspondent  writes  as  fol- 
lows from  "Washington,  D.  O,  under  date 
of  June  3d:  The  report  of  the  Mining 
Committee  on  Mr.  Kendall's  "bill,  to  aid 
the  Sutro  Tunnel  project,  was  made  to  the 
House  to-day,  and  is  even  more  favorable 
than  has  hitherto  been  expected,  as  the 
Committee  recommend  not  merely  an  en- 
dorsement of  the  interest  on  the  bonds  to 
be  issued,  but  an  absolute  loan  of  two  mill- 
ion dollars  in  cash,  to  be  advanced  to  the 
Company  out  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 
the  public  mineral  lands  or  other  money 
in  the  United  States  Treasury,  at  the  rate 
of  §50,000,  for  every  500  lineal  feet  of  its 
tunnel  or  shafts  completed,  provided  an 
additional  equal  amount  shall  have  been 
expended  on  the  same  500  feet  of  work  by 
the  Company.  The  Government  advances 
are  to  be  secured  by  a  first  mortgage  upon 
the  whole  of  the  Tunnel  property,  and  are 
to  be  repaid  with  five  per  cent,  interest  out 
of  the  revenues  of  the  Company,  one-half 
of  which  must  be  turned  over  to  the 
United  States  Treasury  semi-annually  until 
the  whole  amount  of  the  loan  is  liquidated. 
The  other  provisions  of  the  bill  in  regard 
to  the  character  and  dimensions  of  the  tun- 
nel and  its  apurtenances,  and  also  the  ap- 
pointment of  Commissioners  to  report  on 
the  progress  of  the  work,  are  about  the 
same  as  those  contained  in  the  previous 
Sutro  Tunnel  bills,  and  need  not  be  recap- 
itualated.  The  investigation  of  the  Com- 
mittee in  this  subject  has  been  remarkably 
laborious  and  prolonged.  A  cross-examin- 
ation by  Sutro  on  the  one  hand,  and  Mr. 
Sunderland,  representing  the  Bank  of  Cal- 
ifornia, on  the  other.  Long  arguments 
have  also  been  made,  which,  together  with 
the  voluminous  testimony,  are  now  re- 
ported to  the  House.  The  following  is  the 
report  of  the  Committee,  which  is  signed 
by  all  its  members  excepting  Mr.  Sargent. 
It  will  be  read  with  interest. 
Report  of  the  Committee  on   Mines  and  Mining. 

The  Committee  on  Mines  and  Mining, 
to  whom  was  referred  H;  R,  1173,  entitled 
"A  bill  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the 
Sutro  Tunnel  from  the  proceeds  of  the  sale 
of  mineral  lands, "  after  careful  considera- 
tion, have  prepared  the  accompanying  sub- 
stitute, and  recommend  its  passage: 

Your  Committee  have  patiently  and 
carefully  investigated  all  the  questions 
having  any  bearing  upon  the  subject;  they 
have  heard,  the  evidence  of  the  commis- 
sioners and  other  experts;  they  have  listened 
to  the  arguments  for  and  against  the  bill; 
and,  without  commenting  at  length  upon 
the  details  of  their  investigations,  beg 
leave  to  submit  the  following  statement  of 
facts  and  conclusions: 

1st.  Our  mineral  domain  is  almost  un- 
limited in  extent,  and  of  inestimable  val- 
ue. 

2d.  The  mines  on  the  Comstock  lode 
are  the  most  valuable  in  the  world. 

3d.  They  have  yielded  already  $130,000,- 
000  in  bullion. 

4th.  The  present  annual  yield  exceeds 
$15,000,000. 

5th.  Their  future  yield,  by  means  of  a 
deep  tunnel,  will  be  almost  incalculable. 

6th.  Deep  tunnels  are  necessary  for  the 
full  development   of  our  mining  interests. 

7th.  The  Sutro  tunnel  is  of  the  highest 
importance  to  the  future  profitable  work- 
ing of  the  mines  on  the  Comstock  lode. 

8th.  The  construction  of  this  tunnel  was 
authorized  by  the   Legislature  of  Nevada. 

9th.  The  mining  companies  on  the  Corn- 
stock  lode  contracted  for  its  construction. 

10th.  The  Legislature  of  Nevada  memor- 
alized  Congress  to  aid  in  its  construction. 

11th.  Congress,  by  special  law,  endowed 
it  with  certain  rights  and  privileges. 

12th.  Congress  reaffirmed  those  rights  by 
a  refusal  to  interfere  with  them. 

13th.  Congress  again  reaffirmed  them 
by  provisions  in   two  general  mining  laws. 

14th.  Congress  sent  out  a  commission 
to  report  upon  the  facts  concerning  it. 

15th.  The  Commissioners  made  a  report, 
recommending  the  work  to  favorable  con- 
sideration. 

16th.  Some  points  in  the  report  not  be- 
ing entirely  clear,  the  Commissioners  were 
fully  examined  by  your  committee. 

17th.  Other  witnesses,  amongst  whom 
Professor  Raymond,  the  United  States 
Commissioner  on  Mining,  were  also  exam- 
ined. 

18th.  The  testimony  (which  accompan- 
ies this  report,  embracing  810  pages) , 
makes  a  conclusive  case  in  favor  of  the 
tunnel. 

19th.  The  construction  of  the  tunnel  is 
entirely  feasible. 

20th.  It  will  cost  from  $4,000,000  to 
$5,000,000. 

21st.  It  will  take  from  2%  to  3%  years 
to  complete  it. 

22d.  It  will  be  of  immense  benefit  to  the 
ligitimate  owners  of  the  mine. 


23d.  It  will  secure  the  health  of  the 
miners  by  good  ventilation. 

24th.  It  will  create  an  outlet  for  escape 
in  case  of  fire. 

25th.  It  will  establish  a  new  basis  of  op- 
erations 2,000  feet  below  the  surface. 

26th.  It  will  drain  the  water  to  that 
depth  by  its  own  flow,  and  dispense  with 
the  numerous  steam  engines  now  required. 

27th.  Tbe  water  contained  in  the  mines 
may  be  utilized  as  a  great  water  power  to 
pump  the  water,  by  means  thereof,  from 
below  the  tunnel  level, 

28th.  Greater  depth  may  be  reached 
thereby  than  has  ever  been  reached  be- 
fore on  any  mines  in  the  world. 

29th.  It  will  stimulate  explorations  on 
all  portions  of  the  Comstock  lode,  and  may 
increase  its  yield  to  $50,000,000  per  an- 
num. 

30th.  It  will  develop  several  lodes  in  the 
Course  of  its  construction. 

31st.  Immense  quantities  of  low-grade 
ores  exist  in  the  Comstock  lode  and  other 
lodes  cut  by  the  tunnel. 

32d.  These  low-grade  ores  can  only  bo 
utilized  by  means  of  concentrating  works. 

33d.  Extraordinary  facilities  exist  at  the 
mouth  of  the  tunnel  for  the  erection  of 
improved  concentrating  and  reduction 
works. 

34th.  The  tunnel  itself  will  furnish  suf- 
ficient water  for  concentrating  and  amalga- 
mating purposes. 

35th.  Cheap  motive  power  can  be  se- 
cured with  coal  from  the  Rocky  Mountains 
and  firewood  floated  down  the  Carson 
river. 

36th.  As  a  geological  survey,  penetrat- 
ing into  this  argentiferous  mountain,  it 
will  be  of  the  highest  value  to  science. 

37th.  It  will  serve  as  a  pattern  work 
for  all  other  mining  districts. 

38th.  Its  succes  will  give  confidence  in 
mining  operations. 

39th.  A  practical  illustration  of  the 
downward  continuance  of  mineral  lodes 
will  give  a  high  value  to  our  mineral  do- 
main. 

40th.  It  will  make  capital  flow  in  that 
direction. 

41st.  It  will  result  in  the  construction 
of  hundreds  of  tunnels  by  private  enter- 
prise. 

42d.  It  will  populate  our  vast  mining 
regions,  and  create  millions  of  dollars  of 
taxable  property. 

43d.  It  will  establish  a  mart  for  western 
produce  and  eastern  manufactures. 

44th.  The  total  yield  of  gold  and  silver 
will  be  largely  increased. 

45th.  The  increase  of  the  stock  of  the 
precious  metals  has  a  .tendency  of  increas- 
ing the  money  value  of  all  property. 

46th.  The  increased  value  relieves  the 
burdens  of  the  people  by  reducing  the  rate 
of  taxation. 

47th.  It  has  the  most  important  bearing 
on  the  payment  of  the  national  debt. 

48th.  The  Sutro  tunnel  is  now  in  full 
progress  of  construction. 

49th.  The  company  has  secured  funds  to 
the  amount  of  $1,500,000,  and  is  expend- 
ing upon  the  work  at  the  rate  of  $50,000 
per  month. 

50th.  The  work  is  of  national  import- 
ance, and  the  aid  provided  for  in  this  bill 
will  secure  its  early  completion. 

51st.  The  security  to  the  Government  is 
unquestionable,  ample,  and  satisfactory; 
one-half  of  the  royalty  alone  yielding  at 
the  present  rate  of  production  $365,000  per 
annum. 

52d.  Under  the  bill  reported  the  aid  ex- 
tended shall  not  exceed  $2,000,000. 

53d.  The  Company  is  required  to  expend 
an  equal  amount  to  that  loaned  by  the 
Government. 

54th.  One-half  of  all  the  income  will  be 
paid  over  to  the  Government  semi-annu- 
ally. 

55th.  The  sum  loaned,  together  with 
the  interest,  will  probably  be  repaid  to  the 
Government  within  a  few  years  after  its 
completion. 

56th.  No  money  shall  be  paid  until  the 
commissioners  to  be  appointed  shall  report 
the  completion  of  each  section,  as  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

57th.  A  non-compliance  with  the  pro- 
visions of  this  bill  will  forfeit  all  rights 
under  the  same. 

58th.  The  aid  extended  only  applies  to 
the  first  four  miles  of.  tunnel  to  the  Com- 
stock lode. 

59th.  This  first  section  of  the  tunnel 
will  form,  as  it  were,  the  main  artery  or 
highway,  from  which  one  hundred  miles 
of  branch  tunnels  may  be  constructed. 

60th.  No  further  aid  will  be  required; 
for  after  the  tunnel  reaches  the  mines,  the 
income  will  be  sufficient  to  make  it  self- 
sustaining. 

61st.  We  would  in  conclusion  indorse 
the  languarge  used  in  the  closing  para- 
graph of  a  report  to  Congress  made  by   a 


former  committee,  recommending  a  loan 
of  $5,000,000  in  the  following  words: 

' '  That  taking  into  consideration  the 
magnitude  of  the  undertaking,  the  large 
yield  of  bullion  which  will  be  directly  se- 
cured thereby,  the  great  influence  by  its 
successful  completion  upon  all  our  min- 
ing interests,  the  stimulus  it  will  give  to 
mining  generally,  the  positive  proof  it  will 
furnish  of  our  immense  mineral  wealth, 
and  considering  the  importance  of  attain- 
ing^  these  results,  in  view  of  our  large 
national  debt,  ordinary  wisdom  and  fore- 
sight should  command  that  the  aid  asked 
for  the  construction  of  this  important 
work,  or  a  much  larger  sum,  if  it  were 
necessary,  should  be  granted,  even  were 
no  security  whatever  offered  for  its  pay- 
ment. 

Heney  Wai/dbon.  W.  L.  Sessions. 

Nath.  P.  Banks.  P.  E.  Shobee. 

W.  C.  Smth.  P.  M.  B.  Young. 

J.   S.  NEGLEY.  C.  W.    KENDALL. 

Washington,  June  3d,  1872. 

[The  committee  refers  to  a  number  of 
works  for  detailed  information  on  the  sub" 
ject  embraced  in  the  report,  but  as  the 
above  gives  their  reasons  for  recommend- 
ing the  loan  we  omit  the  reference. — Eds. 
Peess.] 

The  Generation  of  Petroleum. 

The  recent  development  of  the  repro 
ductive  power  of  petroleum  wells  which 
had  been  for  some  years  abandoned  be- 
cause they  were  believed  to  be  exhausted, 
is  not  alone  a  matter  of.  value  to  the  own- 
ers of  the  territory  that  was  until  lately 
presumed  to  be  incapable  of  further  pro- 
duction, but  it  affords  a  more  trustworthy 
basis  than  any  hitherto  obtainable  for 
forming  an  approximate  correct  opinion 
concerning  the  chemical  process  whereby 
petroleum  is  generated.  Until  lately,  a 
popular  opinion  prevailed  that  petroleum, 
in  spite  of  its  name,  was  the  product  of 
coal;  and  so  nearly  was  this  idea  general 
among  a  majority  of  people,  that  many 
foreign  receivers  of  petroleum  are  still  ac- 
customed to  order  it  as  "coal  oil."  The 
belief,  however,  that  the  terrene  oil  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Canada  is  exclusively  a 
product  of  bituminous  coal  may  now 
safely  be  pronounced  to  be  an  error. 
There  is  certainly  no  evidence  that  coal  is 
not  one  of  the  substances  from  which  pe- 
troleum is  distilled;  but,  at  the  same  time, 
it  is  a  somewhat  strange  fact,  allowing  a 
proper  degree  of  credit  to  the  belief  that 
coal  does  not  enter  into  the  composition  of 
petroleum,  that  no  coal  beds  susceptible 
of  being  worked  are  known  to  exist  within 
fifty  miles  of  the  oil-producing  territory. 
Again,  it  is  a  manifest  and  recognized  fact 
that  carbon  does  predominate  as  an  inte- 
gral essence  of  petroleum;  and  the  other 
fact  that  the  oil  territory  of  Pensylvania 
is  surrounded  by  beds  of  bituminous  coal, 
renders  it  eminently  reasonable  to  believe 
that  coal  enters  largely — if  not,  indeed, 
more  largely  than  any  other  substance — 
into  the  process  of  distillation  whereby 
petroleum  is  produced. 

Petroleum  is  certainly  a  mineral  oil.  But 
whatever  may  be  the  number  and  chemical 
variety  of  the  minerals  from  which  it  is 
formed,  the  distillation  of  it  is  more  inti- 
mately associated  with  limestone  than  with 
any  other  mineral.  Sandstone  is  also  found 
in  boring  oil  wells,  but  it  is  from  the  pores 
of  limestone  that,  in  the  chemical  process 
of  extracting  oil  from  the  minerals  found  in 
connection  with  its  production,  the  greatest 
quantity  of  petroleum  is  taken.  It  is  sin- 
gular that,  in  boring  for  oil,  no  coal  has 
ever  been  found,  even  in  the  smallest  quan- 
tities, while  sand,  sandstone  and  limestone 
abound.  The  inference,  therefore,  cannot 
be  escaped  that  petroleum  is  the  product 
of  the  distillation  of  at  least  two,  and  prob- 
ably of  more  than  three,  distinct  mineral 
properties.  In  the  process  of  manufactur- 
ing refined  oil,  the  crude  article  yields 
three  different  products — naptha,  kerosene 
and  residuum,  a  fact  which  certainly  sup- 
ports the  belief  that  crude  oil  is  the  pro- 
duct of  three  dfferent  minerals.  So  far  as 
concerns  the  contribution  by  coal  of  an  in- 
teger in  the  chemical  process  by  which 
petroleum  is  produced  in  and  from  certain 
geological  strata,  it  may  be  remarked  that 
the  "shale "oil  produced  from  bituminous 
coal  in  England,  is  very  different  from 
American  petroleum;  in  that,  the  American 
naphtha  must  be  used  in  order  that  the  lat- 
ter may  be  burned  in  lamps.  Another  fact 
that  favors  the  inference  that  petroleum  is 
mainly  produced  from  or  generated  through 
limestone,  is  that  petroleum  has  been  ex- 
tracted from  limestone  found  in  the  neigh- 
borhoods of  Chicago  and  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
In  regard  to  the  reproductive  powers  re- 
cently developed  in  the  Pennsylvania  terri- 
tory believed  to  have  been  exhausted,  it 


affords  two  favorable  presumptions:  First, 
as  a  partial  assurance  that  the  distillation 
of  petroleum  is  a  continuous  process;  and 
next,  that  the  formerly  abandoned  territory 
was  given  up  because  the  machinery  for 
extracting  petroleum  from  the  earth  ex- 
ceeded in  its  power  of  exhausting  the  fluid, 
the  generative  power  by  which  it  is  pro- 
duced.— Petroleum  Monthly. 

An  Old  Invention  Turned  to  Account. 

The  Virginia  Enterprise  mentions  the 
successful  application  of  Archimede's  screw 
in  raising  the  tailings  of  the  Santiago  Mill 
on  the  Carson  Biver.  The  mill  is  situated 
so  near  the  level  of  its  water  in  the  river, 
and  the  tailings  are  discharged  so  low  down 
that  heretofore  it  has  been  found  impracti- 
cable to  save  them,  if  not  impossible.  They 
have  been  allowed  to  flow  into  the  river 
and  waste  for  the  past  ten  years.  One  of 
these  screws  28  inches  in  diameter  and  44 
feet  long  has  been  placed  in  position,  and 
raises  the  tailings  to  a  hight  of  23  feet. 
The  screw  consists  of  a  core  of  wood  into 
which  are  inserted  iron  rings,  in  such  a, 
way  that  they  wind  spirally  round  the  cen- 
tral shaft  like  the  thread  of  a  screw. 
This  as  it  now  stands  is  then  inclosed  in  a 
casing  of  wooden  staves  hooped  on  the 
same  as  a  barrel  is  hooped  over. 

The  mode  of  using  is  as  follows: — 
The  lower  end  is  placed  in  a  large  agita- 
tor, standing  at  the  point  where  the  tail- 
ings are  discharged  from  the  mill,  while 
the  upper  end  is  supported  by  a  frame 
erected  at  the  point  where  tho  tailings  are  to 
be  discharged.  The  screw  stands  at  an 
angle  of  45  degrees,  and  to  run  both  it  and 
the  agitator  costs  but  four-horse  power. 
The  agitator  has  nothing  to  do  with  the 
efficiency  of  the  screw;  it  would  .work 
equally  well  in  a  quiet  pool.  The  part  the 
agitator  plays  is  merely  that  of  stirring  up 
the  fine  particles  of  tailings,  and  keeping 
them  afloat  in  the  water  until  caught  up 
and  elevated  by  the  screw — without  the 
agitator  the  tailings  would  settle  to  the 
bottom  of  the  tank  and  little  else  than 
water  would  be  pumped  up.  At  the  top 
the  screw  discharges  the  tailings  (in  the 
shape  of  muddy  water,)  into  a  sluice  which 
carries  them  to  a  huge  reservoir  1,000  feet 
distant,  where  they  settle,  and  the  clear 
water  runs  away .    The  great 

Value  of  the  Contrivance 
Will  be  seen  when  we  state  that  the  mill  is 
now  crushing  2,500  tons  of  ore  per  month, 
and  that  after  it  has  once  passed  through 
the  mill  this  same  ore  is  still  worth  $5 
per  ton,  which  sum  may  be  obtained  for  it 
in  the  reservoir  where  it  is  saved.  Accord- 
ing to  this  estimate,  $12,500  per  month  is 
saved  by  the  use  of  the  Archimedan  screw. 
It  carries  up  and  deposits  in  the  reservoir 
every  ounce  of  everything,  water  and  all, 
that  passes  through  the  mill.  The  mill 
has  been  running  ten  years.  At  first  its 
capacity  was  1,600  tons  per  month,  but  this 
was  afterwards  increased  to  2,500,  its  pres- 
ent capacity.  Counting  the  loss  for  ten 
years  at  1,600  tons  per  month  gives  192,000 
tons,  but  as  part  of  the  time  the  loss  was 
2,500  tons,  we  may  safely  set  the  total  loss 
down  as  being  in  round  numbers  200,000 
tons,  which  at  $5  per  ton  would  be  an  even 
million  that  has  floated  off  down  Carson 
Biver.  We  are  informed  that  screws  will 
be  put  up  at  several  other  mills  on  the 
river  where  tailings  have  been  lost  in  the 
same  manner  for  many  years. 

Wages  or  Mechanics  in  Eueope. — 
The  following  figures  are  from  the  Brit- 
ish Foreign  Secretary's  Report  to  Parlia- 
ment, being  the  average  daily  rate  paid  to 
mechanics,  after  being  reduced  to  our 
money: 

Austria $1  00  Sicily 30 

Belgium 60  Portugal 40 

Prance 1  10  Prussia 75 

Denmark 60  Russia 75 

Italy 40  Sweden 60 

Netherlands -      75  Switzerland 60 

Norway 60 

When  we  consider  that  this  is  the  aver- 
age paid  for  skilled  labor,  [and  that  un- 
skilled or  half-skilled  labor  is  only  paid 
one-half  as  much;  and,  again,  that  many 
of  the  workmen  labor  twelve  hours  a  day, 
the  difference  in  favor  of  the  workmen  in 
the  United  States  will  be  very  apparent. 
In  England  the  prices  are  about  one-quar- 
ter more  than  paid  on  the  continent. 


Pbofessor  Goltz,  Konigsburg,  in  his  experi- 
ments upon  the  nervous  centre  of  frogs,  finds 
that  if  you  take  out  the  brain,  and  then  rub  a 
finger  down  the  frog's  back,  the  creature  will 
croak  as  if  pleased.  Frogs  must  be  easily 
pleased. 


June  22,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


391 


UsEfllL     lflfOf\f1j\TION. 


How  they  Cat  Veneers. 

Many  persons,  doubtless,  have  wondered  how 

these  thin   layers,  i.r  shavings,  of  mahogany  or 

rosewood,  are  out  or  sawed  so  thin,  ana  yet  bo 

true  as  tu  thickness  from  those  hard  woods. 

And  still  more  wonderful,  how  those  rery  thin, 

hoard  wood  paper  hangings  aro  made.    And  yet, 

wonderful  as  th<  y  appear,  the  mystery  vanishes 

in  a  great  measure  when  one  Bees  the  pro©  bs, 

though   it   mast  BtiU  be  admitted  thai  it  is  a 

triumph  of  Unman  skill  and  perseverance.  How 

hoc  veneers  have  been  madia 

■  I,   probably   nobody   knows  ;  bnt   the, 

Like  all  other  inventions,  ' 

1   L    di      bs,  through  un- 
ci I  max  and  improved  mechanism. 

Most  approved  process  for  cutting  ■-■ 

'  ■■'  di  1  toed:— The  tog  to  he  shaved 
Into  lengths  of  about  ten  feet,  It  is  then 
split  lengthwise,  and  the  rounded  aide  hewn  or 
planed  down,  bo  as  to  make  a  face  about  sis 
inches  brood,  perhaps,  And  as  thus  prepared, 
tho  piece  is  six  inches  in  thickness.  It  is  then 
I  in  warm  water,  several  hours  for  the 
softer  woods,  and  days  perhaps  for  the  harder 
!  inds.  When  the  shaving  is  to  begin,  the  wa- 
tar  is  brought  to  the  boiling  point,  and  the  Block 
taken  out  of  boiling  water,  all  hot  and  steaming. 
It  is  thru  takcu  to  the  machine  and  fastened  to 
a  oast-iron  plate,  horizontally,  by  screws.  This 
plate  is  shout  a  dozen  feet  llmjj,  by  four  broad, 
and  stands  vertically,  the  heart  of  the  stick  be- 
ing next  the  iron.  The  fastening  is  by  screws, 
which  pass  through  the  plate  and  "enter  the 
wood  about  an  inch,  A  dozen  screws  perhaps 
are  put  into  a  stick  a  foot  broad.  This  plate 
moves  op  and  down,  with  the  stick  fastened 
thus  firmly,  and  horizontally,  to  its  face.  In 
front  is  a  knife,  fixed  solidly,  some  ten  feet 
long,  sharp  as  a  razor,  and  made  like  a  chisel, 
with  tho  bevel  from  tho  wood.  This  knife  stands 
vertically,  with  the  edge  upward. 

When  the  stick  and  knife  come  together, 
the  former  comes  down  and  strikes  the  knife 
through  its  whole  length;  a  shaving  is  pared 
Off,  and  this,  in  thickness  is  just  what  the 
operator  pleases  ;  it  may  be  thick  as  a  veneer, 
say  twenty-six  or  twenty-eight  or  thirty,  more 
or  less  to  the  inch,  as  veneers  are  made  ;  or  it 
may  be  as  thin  as  the  paper  hanging,  which  are 
200  to  300  to  the  inch.  The  machine  works 
automatically,  the  plate  with  the  stick  going  up 
and  down,  while  the  knife  moves  forward  at 
overy  elevation  just  enough  to  get  in  place  to 
shave  another  veneer  when  the  sticks  descends. 
As  fast  as  the  veneers  are  shaved  off  they  are 
taken  by  two  men  and  laid  in  a  pile.  Ten  or 
twelve  are  shaved  off  in  a  minute.  Care  of 
course  is  requisite,  toward  the  close  of  the 
cutting,  that  the  stick  is  not  shaved  so  close 
that  the  ends  of  the  screws  are  exposed  and 
hit  the  knife.  But  as  the  screws  only  enter  the 
wood  just  so  far,  somewhat  less  than  an  inch, 
the  work  is  sloped  before  that  point  is  reached. 
The  removal  of  the  piece  from  the  plate,  through 
which  the  screws  passed,  completes  the  oper- 
ation. And  this  piece  "is  a  plank,  or  rather 
board,  of  about  an  inch  in  thickness,  which  may 
be  cut  up  for  other  uses  as  the  greater  portion 
is  not  damaged  by  the  holds.  The  veneers  are 
as  much  finished  upon  one  side  as  upon  the 
other,  and  perfectly  even  in  thickness.  After 
being  cut  they  are  spread,  to  dry,  being  turned 
up  edgeways  to  accomplish  that  end.— Cabinet 
Maker. 

What  is  Water?— Water  is  rust.  The  red 
powder  that  falls  from  iron  which  has  longbeen 
subjected  to  the  action  of  moisture,  is  rust  of 
iron.  It  is  the  oxide  of  metal,  and  so  is  water. 
Water  is  the  rust  of  hydrogenium,  a  true  metal. 
This  wonderful  element  no  human  eyes  have 
ever  looked  upon,  and  probably  never  will,  as 
in  its  free  state  it  exists  only  in  the  form  of  an 
invisible  gas.  Quite  recently  science  has  dem- 
onstrated experimentally,  what  has  long  been 
suspected,  that  hydrogen  gas  is  a  metal,  and 
capable  of  assuming  a  solid  form  in  alloys, 
Oxygen,  by  uniting  with  this  gaseous  metal, 
rusts,  oxidizes,  or  burns  it,  and  water  is  the  rust 
or  ashes.  This  strange  metal,  hydrogenium, 
and  its  oxide,  play  an  important  part  injall  the 
operations  of  nature.  It  is  not  alone  confined 
to  the  little  ball  of  earth  upon  which  we 
live,  but  it  exists  in  the  stellar  worlds  above  us, 
and  in  those  mighty  points  of  light,  the  nebulas, 
which  have  so  long  puzzled  and  perplexed  the 
astronomer  and  men  versed  in  the  physical 
sciences.  The  recent  discoveries  by  means  of 
the  spectroscope,  have  proved  that  this  element 
enters  largely  into  the  unformed,  chaotic  masses 
of  matter,  moving  in  space,  of  which  the  worlds 
are  made.  It  is  ready,  when  the  formative  act 
is  fully  accomplished,  of  taking  its  place,  in 
combination  with  oxygen,  as  water,  to  aid  in 
the  sustenation  of  animal  and  vegetable  life 
upon  spheres  so  far  distant  that  our  imagination 
even  cannot  reach  them. — Fireside  Science. 

What  is  an  Indian  Citizen? — A  decision  has 
been  made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to 
the  effect  that  Indians  may  and  do  become  citi- 
zens by  an  abandonment  of  the  tribal  organi- 
zation. The  Ottawas  and  Chippewas  have 
abandoned  such  organization  and  have  become 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction,  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  of  the  United  States,  and  become 
citizens  uuder  the  Fourteenth  amendment. 
They  are  entitled  to  make  homestead  entries, 
and  in  every  respect  are  subject  to  the  rights 
and  privileges  of  native  born  citizens.  The 
Fourteenth  amendment  excluded  "Indians  not 
axed,"  and  the  supreme  court  has  decided  that 
he   tribal  relation  remains,   Indians  are  not 


taxable,  which  by  implication  means  that  when 
that  relation  ceases  they  may  be  taxed.  Tax- 
ation and  representation  then  go  together,  the 
Indian  becomes  merged  in  the  mass  of  Ameri- 
can population  and  one  of  it.  This  is  erne  step 
farther  in  the  nniversality  of  rights  und  r  the 
American  government. 


The  Weather  Waste  of  Coal. 

l>r.  Varrentinpp  has  tnarle  [lis  the  BUbjedl    "f 
itigStion,  and    as  0  result  states  that   the 

amount  of  loss  Buffered  by  cool   from   1 

to  weather  is  considerable,  for  greater,  indeed, 

than  is  generality  known. 

-nits  mi  uis  analysis  show  in  some  coses 

a  total  less  in  Weight  of  a  Bpe  inu-n,    from    this 

(mounting  to  83*08  pax  cent.,   while   its 
ation  in  quality  for  purposes  of  fuel  or 
gas-making  reached  a  still  higher  figure. 

This  change  consists  in  b   slow  combustion, 
in   which    the   volatile  constituents — which  are 
most  valuable  combustible  elements — ar< 
ally  eliminated,  while  the  relative  proportions 
of  carbon,  ash  and    sulphur  arc    comparatively 

augmented. 

It  might  be  expected,  now  that  the  nature  of 
this  change  is  indicated,  that  anthracite  (which 
has  already  gone  through  a  very  similar  process 
in  becoming  what  it  is,  by  fchejlossaf  its  bitumi- 
nous matter)  should  Buffer  least  of  all  coals 
from  this  action,  and  the  result  of  analysis  show 
this  to  be  the  case.  The  density  and  compact- 
ness of  this  variety,  aside  from  its  chemical 
character,  protect  it  in  no  inconsiderable  de- 
gree. 

The  Cannel  coals  rank  next  in  their  power 
to  resist  deterioration  from  this  source;  while 
tho  bituminous  varieties  are  the  most  suscepti- 
ble. 

Tho  experiments  of  Dr.  Varrentrapp  are  of 
such  direct  and  practical  importance  that  all 
who  are  engaged  in  the  mining,  transportation, 
storage  or  consumption  of  coal  can  study  them 
with  profit. 

It  appears,  from  accurate  test  of  a  number  of 
samples  before  and  after  exposure,  that  all  the 
valuable  properties  of  the  coal  had  deteriorated. 

The  cooking  quality  of  the  weathered  coal  di- 
minishes with  its  gas-yielding  quality,  the 
author  informing  us  that  a  sample  of  coal  yield- 
ing, when  freshly  mined,  a  firm,  coherent  coke, 
after  eleven  days'  exposure,  yielding  a  coke  of 
no  coherence,  and  in  all  the  samples  tested  the 
rule  was  absolute  that  the  longer  the  coal  had 
been  exposed  the  greater  was  tli3  inferiority  in 
the  quality  of  the  coke  it  produced. 

The  gas-yielding  quality  decreased  in  one  in- 
stance 45  per  cent.,  and  the  heating  power  47 
per  cent,  while  the  same  sample  under -cover 
lost  in  the  same  time  but  24  per  cent,  for  gas 
purposes,  and  12  per  cent,  for  fuel. 

These  experiments  go  far  to  explain  the  al- 
most universal  inferiority  of  the  slack  or  waste 
coals  in  heating  power  when  prepared  for  burn- 
ing, even  though  some  combustible  material 
like  pitch  or  tar  is  used  in  their  cementation. 
It  indicates,  too,  the  imperative  necessity  of 
keeping  coals  amply  protected  from  the  deter- 
iorating action  of  the  air  and  moisture  by  keep- 
ing them  constantly  dry  and  under  cover. 

Something  About  Wells. — Here  are  some 
rules  governing  the  malting  out  of  wills,  which 
may  prove  important  if  not  interesting.  A  will 
cannot  be  made  in  language  too  simple  or  con- 
cise; it  must  be  written  in  ink,  on  paper  or 
parchment;  and,  if  contained  on  one  sheet, 
must  be  signed  at  the  end  by  the  testator,  in  the 
presence  of  two  or  more  witnesses,  and,  if  writ- 
ten on  more  than  one  sheet,  the  testator  and 
witnesses  had  better  sign  each  sheet.  The  wit- 
nesses must  rigidly  comply  with  every  particu- 
lar required  by  the  attestation  clause,  at  the 
end  of  which  clause  they  must  sign  their  names. 
A  codicil  to  the  will  is  to  be  made  with  the  same 
regulations  as  the  will  itself,  and  may  be  writ- 
ten thus:     This  is  a  codicil  to  my  last  will  and 

testament,  bearing  date  the- day  of 18 — . 

and  which  I  direct  to  be  taken  as  part  thereof. 
I  give,  devise,  and  bequeath,   etc.    As  witness 

my  hand  this day  of .     Obliterations  or 

alterations  are  dangerous,  and  when  of  neces- 
sity made,  ought  to  be  signed  by  the  testator 
and  witness.  Marriage  after  making  a  will, 
renders  the  will  void.  It  is  not  indispensable 
for  a  witness  to  know  the  contents  of  the  will, 
which  may  be  so  folded  as  to  prevent  any  other 
portion  than  the  signature  and  attestation 
clauses  being  read. 

How  to  Fasten  Rubber  to  Wood  and  Metax. 
As  rubber  plates  and  rings  are  nowadays  used 
almost  exclusively  for  making  connections  be- 
tween steam  and  other  pipes  and  apparatus, 
much  annoyance  is  often  experienced  by  the 
impossibility  or  imperfection  of  an  air-tight 
connection.  This  is  obviated  entirely  by  em- 
ploying a  cement  which  fastens  alike  well  to 
the  rubber  and  to  the  metal  and  wood.  Such 
cement  is  prepared  by  a  solution  shellac  in  am- 
monia. This  is  best  made  by  soaking  pulver- 
ized gum  shellac  in  ten  times  its  weight  of 
strong  ammonia,  when  a  slimy  mass  is  obtain- 
ed, which  in  three  or  four  weeks  will  become 
liquid  without  the  use  of  hot  water.  This  soft- 
ens the  rubber,  and  becomes,  after  volatiliza- 
tion of  the  ammonia,  hard  and  impermeable  to 
gases  and  fluids. 

To  Protect  Walks  from  Y/eeds. — Take  one 
gallon  of  gas-tar  and  about  a  half  a  pound  of 
air-slacked  lime,  boil  and  incorporate  them 
well  together  and  apply  the  mixture  with  a  com- 
mon long-handled  whitewash  brush.  This  will 
dry  in  a  few  hours  if  put  boiling  hot,  and  will 
kill  off  all  young  weeds  and  prevent  their 
growth. 


Qood  HeV-tH" 


Sea-Sickness. 

Xhe  cease  of  sea-sieKness,  and  the  question 
of  its  curability,  have  both  been  the  subject  of  a 
good  deal  of  discussion.  Some  have  asserted 
that  it  is  always  due  to  mere  imagination   or 

di -i-n.ui.-ucss;  i.mt  though  this  is  undoubtedly 0 

frequent  cause  ei"  the  malady,  it  is  certain  that 
it  is  nnt  the  invariable  one.  We  have  sen 
people  sea-sick  when  the  ship  was  moving  more 
smoothly  and  steadily   than  a  railway  car  and 

it  was  easy  to  bcl,  i\L-  in  that  COSS  that  the  ex- 
pectation of  the  nausea  was  all  Unit  produced  it. 

On  the  Other  hand,  people  who  suppose  tie  m- 

selvcs  j.r-n.f  against  an  attack  of  the  kind  have 
been  Hi.-  victims  of  a  sudden  seizure.  They 
neither  feared  nor  anticipated  anything  of  the 
kind,  and  it  could  not  have  been  brought  on  by 
any  mental  cause  whatever.  Animals,  moreover 
are  not  exempt  from  sea-sic-kuess.  We  have- 
known  a  cat — not  a  "land-lubber"  of  a  puss, 
but  one  of  sea-going  habits,  that  had  crossed 
the  Atlantic  more  than  once — to  bo  wretchedly 
sick  in  very  rough  weather;  and  wo  have  heard 
of  horses  and  doge  that  were  similarly  affected. 
No  one  will  assert  that  in  these  instances  imag- 
ination had  anything  to  do  with  the  nausea. 

Dr.  Wollaston  suggested,  more  than  sixty 
years  ago,  that  sea-sickness  results  from  press? 
uro  of  blood  upon  the  brain;  and  it  is  well 
known  that  injury  or  pressure  on  the  brain  is 
almost  invariably  attended  by  vomiting,  which 
is  indeed  its  earliest  sympton.  Dr.  Wollaston 
explains  the  way  in  which  the  pressure  upon 
the  brain  is  produced  by  the  motion  of  a  ship 
at  sea,  by  reference  to  the  action  of  mercury  in 
the  tube  of  a  barometer.  He  says  that  "If  a 
barometer  be  earned  out  to  sea  in  a  calm, 
the  mercury  will  rest  at  the  same  height 
as  when  on  shore;  but  when  the  ship 
falls  by  the  subsidence  of  the  waves,  the 
mercury  is  seen  apparently  to  rise  in  the 
tube  which  contains  it."  He  considers  that 
the  action  of  the  blood  on  the  brain,  at  the  mo- 
ment of  the  descent  of  a  ship  is  identical  with 
that  of  the  mercury  in  the  barometer,  and  that 
thei'e  is  an  actual  pressure,  and  even  a  blow, 
which,  by  [frequent  repetition,  produces  nausea 
and  vomiting.  The  action  in  both  cases  is  due 
to  the  inertia  of  the  liquid,  which  tends  to  re- 
main where  it  is,  and  not  to  follow  the  move- 
ment of  that  which  contains  it;  in  other  words 
the  mercury  stays  up  when  the  barometer  tube 
goes  down.  In  like  manner  the  blood  tends  to 
remain  stationary  when  the  head  is  carried 
downward,  and  the  result  is  virtually  the  same 
as  it  would  be  if  the  blood  were  forced  upward 
into  the  head.  This  produces  an  unnatural 
pressure  upon  the  blood-vessels  of  the  bi'ain, 
and  nausea  and  vomiting  follow.  This  view  is 
confirmed  by  the  fact  that  the  nausea  is  most 
marked  when  the  ship  is  descending. 

The  sickness  induced  by  waltzing  is  to  be  ex- 
plained in  a  similar  way.  In  this  case,  the 
blood  is  forced  up  into  the  brain  by  centrifugal 
force,  just  as  liquid  tends  to  rise  in  a  vessel 
that  is  whirled  around  rapidly.  Swinging  also 
sometimes  causes  nausea.  The  only  rational 
way  of  averting  sea-sickness,  is  given  as  follows 
by  Sir  James  Anderson: — 

The  first  point  is  wholly  to  avoid  the  upright 
posture.  Every  one  knows  that  it  is  a  common 
practice  to  lie  down,  and  this  is  done  almost  in- 
stinctively, but  it  is  also  known  that  to  do  so, 
though  frequently  successful,  is  not  invariably 
so.  The  way' in  which  the  motion  in  a  swing 
affects  the  brain  affords  the  proper  explanation 
why  lying  down  is  not  invariably  successful; 
and  shows  that  it  is  necessary,  not  only  to  take 
a  recumbent  position,  but  to  lie  in  the  right  di- 
rection. A  person  lying  down  with  the  feet  to- 
wards the  bows  of  a  ship  is,  while  it  descends 
in  pitching,  in  the  same  position  as  a  person  in 
a  swing  descending  forwards,  in  which  case  we 
have  seen  that  sickness  is  produced  by  blood 
being  forced  upon  the  brain.  On  the  con- 
trary, a  person  lying  down  with  his  head  to- 
wards the  bows  is,  during  the  descent  of  the 
ship,  in  the  position  of  one  descending  back- 
wards in  a  swing,  in  which  case  the  pressure 
by  the  blood  will  be  towards  the  feet,  and, 
therefore,  relief  rather  than  an  inconvenience 
will  be  experienced,  the  tendency  being  to  re- 
duce the  natural  supply  of  blood  to  the  brain. 
It  is  necessary,  not  only  to  lie  down,  but  to  do 
so  with  the  head  to  the  bows;  and  it  is  highly 
desirable  that  this  position  should  be  assumed 
before  the  ship  begins  to  move.  There  is  a 
secondary  advantage  to  be  gained  by  closing 
the  eyes,  and  so  shutting  out  the  confusion 
arising  from  the  movement  of  surrounding  ob- 
jects. 

Consumption. — An  English  phyiscian  has 
written  a  book  to  prove  that  "consumption 
always  originates  from  the  breathing  of  pre- 
breathed  air;"  and,  though  that  may  be  putting 
it  rather  strongly,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
rebreathed  air  is  one  of  the  most  fruitful  sources 
of  this  and  many  other  forms  of  disease. — Dr. 
Eoux  says  that  the  French,  by  daily  using  cop- 
per cooking  utensils,  take  copper  enough  into 
the  system  to  render  its  detection  in  the  blood 
an  easy  matter. 

Snakes  make  sad  work  in  India.  Eight 
thousand  persons  die  annually  from  snake- 
bites. In  one  province,  nine  hundred  and 
thirty-nine  cases  are  reported.  Ammonia  be- 
ing freely  administered,  seven  hundred 
and  two  cases  were  cured.  In  New  Zealand 
the  doctors  find  that  a  very  much  reduced 
quantity,  introduced  by  injecting  under  the 
skin,  is  yet  more  successful. 


How  a  Person  May  be  Choaked. 

All  that  wc  eat  or  drink  passes  over  the  top 
of  the  windpipe,  without  a  particle  ever  entering 
it,  although  the  opening  is  larger  than  a  dime, 
because  the  very  act  of  swallowing  draws  over 
tho  open  top  of  it  a  fleshy  trap-door,  which  fits 
so  closely  that  not  even  a  particle  of  air  can 
pass;  but  at  the  instant  of  swallowing,  it  Opens 
up  with  a  spring,  and  we  go  on  breathing  as  if 
nothing  had  happened;  but  if  we  attempt  to 
swallow  anything  too  large,  this  trap-door  be- 
ing at  the  narrowest  part  of  the  passage,  is 
kepi  closed,  hot  a  particle  of  air  can  enter  the 
Lungs,  and  we  die  in  a  moment  of  suffocation, 
as  in  drowning  or  smothering. 

If  you  chew  a  piece  of  dried  beef  for  some 
time,  there  will  be  a  white  remnant  left  which 
there  is  no  inclination  to  swallow;  if  it  be  taken 
and  picked  apart,  it  will  appear  to  be  made  of 
little  strings,  tough  and  strong;  these  were 
attached  to  the  more  flesh-like  parts,  which 
were  chewed  and  swallowed.  If,  in  eating,  a 
man  has  a  sharp  knife,  and  cuts  his  meat  whol- 
ly in  two,  ho  may  put  two  or  three  of  those 
pieces  in  his  mouth,  and  chew  and  swallow 
without  danger;  but  if  tho  knife  is  dull,  does 
not  divide  the  pieces  wholly,  two  pieces  may  be 
tied  together  with  one  of  these  little  strings, 
and  while  you  have  swullowed  one  part  nearest 
the  swallow,  the  other  part  may  be  near  the 
teeth, and  both  held  by  the  string, which  holding 
the  two  parts  together  and  hanging  across  the 
trap-door,  prevents  it  opening,  and  death  fol- 
lows in  an  instant;  hence  the  practical  value  of 
sharp  knives  at  the  dinner  table. 

A  longhair  in  a  mouthful  of  food  may  so  en- 
tangel  it  in  the  act  of  swallowing  as  to  cause  a 
choaking  to  death;  this  is  what  is  meant  by  be- 
ing "  strangled  by  a  hair."  "  String  beans  " 
may  occasion  a  choaking  to  death  in  the  same 
way,  if  not  carefully  "  strung."  Hence  all 
food  should  be  cut  fine;  should  be  taken  into 
the  mouth  in  small  pices,  chewed  thoroughly, 
swallowed  deliberately. 

Most  readers  have  suffered  considerable  in- 
convenience from  something  "going  the  wrong 
way  ;"  this  is  occasioned  by  a  single  drop  of 
water,  or  atom  of  solid  food,  a  crumb,  or 
other  thing  slipping  into  the  windpipe  and 
falling  down  to  the  lungs,  causing  an  instan- 
taneous, spiteful,  angry,  dry  cough;  it  is  be- 
cause nature  was  alarmed  by  an  unnatural  and 
unwelcome  visitor, and  takes  this  her  only  means 
of  ejecting  tho  intruder.  If  the  particles  is 
large  or  heavy,  the  surgeon  must  be  called  to 
cut  open  the  windpipe  and  remove  the  sub- 
stance. 

A  person  cannot  laugh  or  speak  a  word  un- 
les  the  top  of  the  windpipe  is  uncovered;  but  if 
a  laugh  is  provoked,  or  a  word  attempted  to  be 
spoken  while  in  the  act  of  swallowing,  and  just 
before  the  particle  has  fully  passed  the  trap- 
door, it  is  raised*  a  little,  a  drop  or  a  crumb  falls 
into  it,  and  hence  the  misohief.  Hence,  in  eat- 
ing, do  not  attempt  to  speak  until  the  "swal- 
low" is  clear, — Hall 's  Journal  of  Health. 

How  to  Purify  the  Blood. 

The  stomach  makes  blood,  and  the  lungs 
give  life  to  the  blood.  If  any  individual  has 
two  gallons  of  blood  in  his  body,  and  the  food 
taken  into  the  stomach  makes  one  pint  of  blood 
in  twenty-four  hours,  in  sixteen  days  he  would 
have  new  blood.  The  human  body,  consisting 
of  bones,  muscles,  sinews,  blood-vessels,  organs 
of  reproduction,  nutrition,  respiration,  and  of 
thought,  etc.,  is  constructed,  nourished  and 
sustained  in  accordance  with  certain  laws  com- 
mon to  organized  beings.  It  is  made  up  of  the 
elements  that  surround  us,  such  as  animals, 
vegetables,  and  water.  These  substances, 
taken  into  the  stomach,  undergo  the  process  of 
digestion,  and  the  chyle,  or  nutritive  portion, 
enters  into  the  composition  of  the  blood,  and 
by  this  means  is  brought  in  contact  with  all 
parts  of  the  system.  Our  bodies  are  always 
undergoing  change,  constantly  wearing  and 
wasting  away,  and  constantly  supplied  and  re- 
paired by  food,  drink,  and  air;  particles  are 
displaced  and  thrown  off,  and  new  particles  are 
deposited  in  their  places,  so  that,  by  this  grad- 
ual but  constant  exchange  of  particles,  it  is  es- 
timated that  the  soft  parts  of  our  bodies  become 
entirely  changed  in  the  space  of  about  one 
year,  and  our  bones  in  seven  years;  hence,  all 
the  flesh  of  our  bodies  at  the  present  time, 
will,  in  the  course  of  one  year,  pass  away,  and, 
by  the  combination  of  new  particles,  its  place 
will  be  supplied;  and  in  seven  years  a  like 
change  will  take  place  in  bones,  giving  us  en- 
tire a  different  body  from  our  present. 

Heart  Disease. — Those  ladies  who  suffer 
from  the  distracting  grievance  and  disability  of 
being  treated  too  much  as  drawing-room  pets, 
and  shielded  too  carefully  from  the  rougher 
blows  of  the  battle  of  life,  may  possibly  learn 
resignation,  if  they  cannot  derive  complete  con- 
solation from  some  dry  but  significant  re- 
searches which  Dr.  Quain  has  made.  Enlarg- 
ment  of  the  heart,  one  of  the  most  distressing 
and  fatal  diseases,  is  more  than  twice  as  fre- 
quent in  males  as  in  females,  the  precise  pro- 
portion being  eight  to  three.  This  remarkable 
liability  to  the  enlargment  of  men's  hearts,  as 
compared  with  those  of  women,  is,  he  thinks, 
unquestionably  due  to  the  greater  amount  of 
work  and  anxiety  which,  in  the  present  dispen- 
sation, falls  upon  men.  Ladies  may  take  this 
fact  to  heart,  and  reflect  whether/in  claiming 
the  rights  of  women,  they  may  not  at  the  same 
time  incur  the  risks  of  men,  and  with  them  a 
new  and  unexpected  form  of  disability.  They 
might  do  wisely  to  rest  content  for  their  sex,  with 
hearts  suffering,  it  may  be,  from  those  tender 
affections  which  often  pain,  but  never  kill. — 
British  Medical  Journal. 


392 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  22,  1872. 


W.  B.  EWER Seniob  Editor. 

DEWEY  «fc  CO.,  rilblisfoers. 

A..  T.  DEWEY,  GEO.  H.  BTEONO, 

W.  B.  EWER,  *H0.  1"  BOONE. 

Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
"Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

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tisements at  special  rates. 

Illustrations  and  Reports  of  Mining:  Enterprises 
■Wanted. — Drawings  or  photographs  of  mining  works  that 
are  of  general  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  journal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  and 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  of  special  interest, 
are  alBO  deBired.  Sketches  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  very  acceptable. 


San  Fianolsoo: 

Saturday  Morning,  June  22,  1872. 

Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Bates. 

San  Fbanoiboo,  Wednesday,  June  22,  1872.— Legal 
Tenders  buying,  88^;  selling,  89.  Gold  in  New  York 
to-day,  1U. 


Table  of  Contents. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Low  Heat  Evaporators;  The  Flying 
Fish,  385.    The  Burleigh  Book  Drill,  393. 

EDITOBIALS.— An  Unexpected  Disappointment;  Jap- 
anese Advancement;  An  Invention  "Wanted,  385- 
Academy  of  Sciences;  Assay  of  Silver  Bars  in  the 
East  Indian  Mint.  392. 

MINING  SUMMARY— Reports  from  mines  in  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  Markets;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 
388-9. 

CORRESPONDENCE —Mines  of  Humboldt  County, 
Nevada;  Mismanagement  in  Milling;  Steamship  busi- 
ness at  Panama,  336- 

SOIENTIFIO  PROGRESS.— Effects  of  Electricity  on 
Milk,  Etc.;  Combustibility  of  Iron;  Light  and  Ra- 
diant Heat;  The  Agassiz  Expedition,  387- 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Faults  in  the  Plans  of 
Dwellings;  Important  Advance  in  Paper-Making; 
Fireproof  Buildings,  387- 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— How  they  Cut  Veneers;. 
What  is  Water;  What  is  an  Indian  Citizen;  The  Weath- 
er Waste  of  Coal;  Something  About  Wills;  How  to  Fas- 
ten Rubber  to  Wood  and  Metal,  391. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Sea-Sickness;  Consumption;  How  A 
Person  May  be  Choaked;  How  to  Purify  the  Blood; 
HeaTt  Disease,  391. 

DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.— Cooking  and  Health;  How  to 
Make  Hoe-Cakes;  Cucumber  Salads;  Home-Made  Yeast; 
Oranges;  Graham  Bread;  To  Clean  Lamp  Chimneys; 
To  Boil  Eggs;  Selected  Recipes,  394. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— A  Surface  View;  The  Sutro  Tun- 
nel; Tne  Generation  of  Petroleum;  An  oldlnvention 
Turned  to  Account;  Wages  of  Mechanics  in  Europe, 
390. 


Tuolumne   Reunion. 

The  ex-residents  of  Tuolumne  county,  held 
their  fifth  annual  picnic  and  reunion  on  the 
17th  inst.  at  Badger's  Park,  Brooklyn,  Alameda 
Co.  The  association  comprises  the  residents 
and  ex-residents  of  "Old  Tuolumne"  and  was 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  renewing  the  ac- 
quaintance and  friendship  formed  in  early 
days,  and  keeping  up  the  reminiscences  and 
memories  of  by-gone  days.  Although  Tuol- 
umne was  once  one  of  the  most  populous 
counties  in  the  State,  the  exhaustion  of  her 
placer  mines,  caused  a  rapid  decline  in  her 
prosperity,  and  the  old  residents  are  scattered 
far  and  wide.  Once  a  year  they  meet  at  some 
appointed  place  to  talk  over  old  times,  and  en- 
joy themselves  generally.  There  was  a  larger 
attendance  at  this  last  reunion  than  any  of  the 
previous  ones,  and  of  course  everybody  had  a 
fine  time. 

The  President,  W.  G.  Dinsniore,  of  Oakland, 
called  the  association  to  order,  and  after  some 
music  by  the  Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  the 
Hon.  H.  P.  Barber  delivered  the  usual  oration. 
The  Secretary  C.  E.  MeCusker  read  the  names 
of  the  officers,  for  the  ensuing  year  who  were 
unanimously  elected.  Among  them  were  Z.  H. 
Cunningham  of  San  Francisco,  President;  L.P. 
McCarty,  (Our  Travelling  Correspondent)  Vice 
President;  0.  E.  MeCusker  Secretary  and 
Treasurer. 


Flood. — The  high  water  of  the  Gila 
river  has  caused  a  flood  in  Arizona  City, 
A.  T.  The  Colorado  _and  Gila  rivers  were 
still  rising  fast  when  the  news  was  sent. 
New  river  which  has  not  run  for  several 
years  is,  at  New  Biver  Station,  70  miles 
west  of  Fort  Yuma,  now  100  feet  wide  and 
from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  deep.  Stage 
lines  are  delayed,  and  ferry  boats  long 
out  of  use  have  been  put  in  operation. 


Academy  of  Sciences. 

The  regular  aemi-monthly  meeting  of  the 
Academy  was  held  on  the  17th  inst.  The  Pres- 
ident, Professor  Davidson,  in  the  chair.  Dr. 
J.  B.  Pigne  Dupuytren,  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Academy.  A  number  of  pamphlets,  etc., 
from  the  Smithsonian  Institute  at  "Washington 
were  received  and  duly  acknowledged.  Several 
names  were  proposed  for  membership  to  be 
acted  on  at  the  next  meeting.  It  was  an- 
nounced that  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science,  which  was  expected 
to  meet  in  this  city  in  August,  had  notified  the 
Academy  that  a  change  in  the  arrangements 
had  been  made,  and  that  they  would  meet  in 
Dubuque,  Iowa,  instead  of  here.  A  statement 
of  the  reasons  why  this  change  was  made  will 
be  found  in  another  column. 

Death  of   Scientists. 

E.  E.  C.  Stearns  announced  the  death  of  Ed- 
mund Bavenel,  of  Charleston,  S.  C.  Robert 
Smith ,  of  Philadelphia,  who  died  at  St. 
Thomas,  W.  I.  Dr.  Hubbard,  of  Long  Island, 
N.  Y.,  and  Dr.  "William  Stimson,  of  Chicago, 
who  died  at  Hchester,  Md.  Dr.  Stearns  read  a 
paper  on  the  life  and  services  of  the  late  Dr. 
Stimson,  late  Director  of  the  Museum  of  the 
Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  presented  a 
series  of  resolutions  deploring  his  loss,  which 
were  unanimously  accepted.  Professor  David- 
son presented  a 

California  Boomerang, 
From  Samuel  Shrewsbury,  of  Los  Angeles 
County,  being  one  of  two  which  that  gentleman 
had  obtained  from  the  Indians  there.  The  In- 
dians appeared  to  understand  their  use  but 
these  were  all  that  have  recently  been  found  in 
their  possession.  The  old  records  of  Los  Angeles 
however,  contain  references  to  the  boomerang  as 
an  implement  of  warfare  among  the  Indians  of 
that  locality.  The  discovery  presents  an  inter- 
esting subject  suggesting  communication  be- 
tween the  North  American  savages  and  the 
Australian  natives  at  some  former  period. 
Prof.  Davidson  said  that  in  a  long  experience 
on  this  Coast  as  far  north  as  Alaska,  that  he 
had  never  seen  them  among  the  Indians. 

The  Inyo  County  Earthquake. 

Professor  "Whitney,  the  State  Geologist,  being 
present  was  invited  to  relate  his  experience  and 
observations  of  the  earthquake  region  during 
his  recent  trip  to  Inyo  county  for  the  purpose 
of  studying  the  effects  and  causes  of  the  earth- 
quake. The  Professor  stated  that  he  had  pre- 
pared a  popular  statement  of  earthquake  theo- 
ries, etc. ,  which  would  appear  in  the  next  num- 
ber of  the  Overland  Monthly,  and  that  the  scien- 
tific points  he  would  bring  before  the  Academy 
at  a  future  meeting. 

New  Specimens - 

K.  E.  C.  Stearns  presented  a  specimen  with 
description  of  a  new  species  of  Siphonaria'of 
California,  which  he  called  the  Siphonaria  Bran- 
nani  from  the  beach  of  Santa  Barbara  Island; 
also  specimens  of  a  new  species  of  Mangelia 
from  Monterey  Bay — called  Mangdia  Int&rlirata. 
He  also  presented  a  specimen  of  the  maguey 
plant,  from  which  the  Mexicans  manufacture 
an  intoxicating  drink  called  aguadiente.  Pre- 
pared fibre  from  the  leaves  of  the  plant  accom- 
panied it;  the  fibre  is  white  and  strong,  and  its 
adaptability  to  manufacturing  purposes  is  only 
considered  a  question  of  time. 

The  Open  Polar  Sea  Question 
Was  again  spoken  of  by  Professor  Davidson, 
who  said  that  he  and  M.  Pavy  had  had  several 
conferences  on  the  subject  since  the  discussion 
at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Academy.  He  pre- 
sented further  evidences  to  sustain  his  points 
in  opposition  to  the  the  theories  of  M.  Pavy, 
quoting  from  numerous  authorities. 

Professor  Davidson  said  that  in  studying  up 
the  Mint 

System  of  Weighing, 
Or  what  is  called  "  cross-weighing, "  he  found 
that  it  had  been  the  custom  to  do  it  so  that 
there  was  certain  guess  work  about  the  results 
which  left  room  for  small  errors  on  account  of 
always  assuming  the  two  arms  of  the  levers  of 
the  balance  to  be  equal.  In  investigating  the 
matter  he  arrived  at  a  way  of  determining  the 
difference  of  two  weights  and  the  difference  in 
the  statitical  moments  (length  weight)  of  the 
beam  and  weights  by  cross  weighing.  He  il- 
lustrated how  it  could  be  done  with  mathemat- 
ical accuracy,  by  an  example  on  the  black-board 
showing  the  proper  way  to  arrive  at  veryprecise 
results. 


Assay  of  Silver  Bars  in  the  East- 
Indian  Mints. 

According  to  the  report  of  the  assayer  of 
the  Calcutta  Mint,  in  the  East-Indian  Mints 
the  silver  bars  are  assayed  by  determining 
the  silver  as  chloride.  The  cupellation  as- 
say is  not  correct  enough  to  satisfy  the  sell- 
ers and  purchasers;  the  Guy  Lussac  assay 
is  not  used  because  most  of  thebullion  con- 
tains quicksilver,  lead,  and  other  base 
metals ;  because  a  previous  cupellation  as- 
say is  required;  because  the  high  tempera- 
ture of  the  climate  causes  an  evaporation  of 
the  salt  solution  ;  and  because  a  large  num- 
ber of  persons  would  be  necessary  on  ac- 
count of  the  large  daily  number  of  assays. 

Under  these  circumstances,  a  process  in- 
troduced by  Dodd,  has  been  used  since 
1852.  By  this,  the  precipitated  silver  chlor- 
ide is  collected,  dried  and  weighed  ;  100 
parts  of  chloride  contains  75.3  parts  of 
silver.  We  translate  the  details  of  the  pro- 
cess from  the  Berg.  u.  Butt  Zeitung  : 

1.  The  assay  samples  is  taken  by  granu- 
lation. 

2.  The  assay  is  weighed  approximately 
in  duplicate  by  the  assistants,  and  then  ex- 
actly by  the  assayers  ;  18.825  grains  (1.22 
grammes) ,  corresponding  to  25  grains  of 
chloride  are  taken  as  unity.  The  weights 
for  the  chloride  are  marked  in  thousands, 
to  correspond  to  fineness.  Thus,  the  piece 
actually  weighing  25  grains,  is  stamped 
1000  ;  10  grains,  400;  0.025  grains,  1  ;  etc. 

3.  The  assay  is!  dissolved  in  12-ounce 
pyramidal- shaped  bottles  by 'means  of  1% 
drams  (2.66  grammes)  of  nitric  acid  of 
1200  sp.  gr.  for  silver  holding  copper  only, 
and  of  1320  sp.  gr.  for  impurer  bullion. 
The  bottles  are  heated  on  a  sand-bath  until 
the  silver  commences  to  dissolve  ;  then  6 
oz.  cold  distilled  water  are  added. 

4.  The  chloride  is  precipitated  by  adding 
1%  drams  of  hydrochloric  acid  (1060  sp. 
gr.)  and  the  closed  bottle  remains  quiet  for 
5  minutes,  and  then  is  shaken  by  hand  3  or 
4  minutes.  Then  the  bottle  is  nearly  filled 
with  water  and  permitted  to  stand  quiet  for 
4  hours. 

5.  The  solution  is  removed  by  a  siphon, 
until  only  about  1  inch  remains  over  the 
precipitate  ;  the  bottle  is  again  filled  with 
water  and  allowed  to  remain  quiet  for  two 
hours.  Only  with  much  copper  is  a  3d  or 
4th  washing  necessary.  The  chloride  must 
not  stand  too  long  after  the  second  wash- 
ing, lest  it  lose  in  weight,  get  very  finely 
divided,  and  stick  to  the  glass. 

6.  The  flasks  are  emptied  into  stone  ware 
crucibles  (1%  in.  high) ,  standing  in  porce- 
lain saucers,  by  closing  the  neck  of  the 
bottle  with  the  finger,  turning  the  bottle 
upside  down,  and  letting  the  contents  fall 
into  the  crucible.  The  bottle  is  again  filled 
with  water,  and  the  remaining  chloride 
emptied  into  the  crucible  in  a  similar  man- 
ner. The  lumps  of  chloride  are  pressed  in 
the  crucible  by  glass  rods,  and  the  cruci- 
bles decanted. 

7.  From  10  to  150  crucibles  are  warmed 
for  an  hour  in  a  water-bath  until  the  chlor- 
ide separates  from  the  sides  of  the  crucible 
and  bakes  to  a  cake.  Then  they  are  heated 
to  150  deg.  to  170  deg.  C.  in  an  air-bath, 
until  the  chloride  is  well-dried.  The  chlor- 
ide is  weighed  while  still  warm. 

8.  The  length  of  time  required  is  about 
twenty-four  hours  for  a  few  assays,  and 
three  days  for  a  large  number.  In  the  last 
case  the  silver  is  weighed,  dissolved,  and 
precipitated  on  the  first  day,  washed  on  the 
second,  and  put  in  the  crucibles,  dried  and 
weighed  on  the  third.  Generally  eighty 
assays  are  made  daily. 

9.  Influence  of  foreign  substances.  Gold 
remains  with  the  silver,  and  is  reckoned  as 
such,  as  in  the  cupellation  assay.  Quick- 
silver has  no  influence  if  excess  of  nitric 
acid  is  used,  and  a  strong  heat  given  when 
dissolving.  Lead  is  removed  by  repeated 
washing  of  the  chloride. 

It  is  estimated  that  China  will  be  a  market 
for  American  butter  and  cheese  to  the  amount 
of  5,000  tons  annually. 


Pull  List  of  U.  S.  Patents   Issued   to 
Pacifio   Coast   Inventors. 

[FnoM  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  00.,  U.  S.  and 

Foreign  Patent  Agents,  and  Publishers    of 
the  Scientific  Press.] 

FOE  THE  WEEK  ENDING  JUNE   4TH. 

Water  Wheel.— "Walter  Forward,  Battle  Creek, 

Cal. 
Gang  Plow. — David  A.  Manuel,  Napa,  Cal. 
Stench  Tbap. — John  Marquis,  S.  F,,  Cal. 
Tbaction  Engine. — Oliver  A.  Olmsted,    Sebas- 

topol,  Cal. 
Mode  op    Operating  Rock  Drills. — Ambrose 

'Blatchley,  S.  P.,  Cal. 
Composition    Post    fob    Fences,    Telegraph 

Poles,  Etc. — John  L.  Boone,  S.  F.,  Cal. 
Composition  Eailroad  -Tie. — John  L.  Boone, 

S.  F.,  Cal. 
Building    Block. — John  L.  Boone,  S.  F.,  Cal. 
Needle    Setter    and    Tweezer    fob    Sewing 

Machines. — John  C.  Schlarhaum,  San  Jose, 

Cal. 

reissue. 
Governor. — Charles    P.   Bowen,    Silver  City, 

Idaho  Ter.— Patent  No.   120,366,  dated  Oct. 

31,  1871. 

Note.— Copies  of  TJ.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewex  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
egraph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  less  time  than  by  any  other 
agency  

Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co's  Scientific  Press,  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are 
worthy  of  mention : 

Preserving  Iron. — William  H.  Sterling,  New 
York  City,  N.  T.  Dr.  Sterling,  although  a  resi- 
dent of  New  York  City,  has  been  for  a  consider- 
able time  stopping  in  this  city.  His  invention 
contemplates  the  permanent  preservation  of 
iron.  This  he  accomplishes  by  first  heating  the 
iron  in  vacuo,  in  order  to  expand  it  and  open 
the  pores,  and  then  forcing  some  non-oxidizing 
or  non-oxidizable  substance  into  the  interstitial 
and  intercellular  spaces  of  the  iron,  and  then 
allowing  the  iron  to  cool.  This  thoroughly  im- 
pregnates the  iron  with  a  substance  which  will 
prevent  it  from  rusting  or  deteriorating  in  any 
manner.  Amongst  numerous  substances  which 
can  be  used  with  the  above  result,  the  inventor 
especially  mentions  and  states  his  preference  for 
paraflme.  We  regard  this  as  one  of  the  most 
valuable  patents  which  has  ever  been  taken  out 
by  an  inventor  on  this  coast.  England  has 
offered  a  large  reward  for  any  process  that  will 
prevent  iron  from  oxidizing,  in  order  that  their 
iron  ships  might  be  rendered  proof  against  the 
oxidizing  effects  of  salt  water,  which  soon  de- 
stroys their  iron  plating  ;  and  we  hope  that  Dr. 
Sterling  will  be  the  fortunate  one  to  receive  it. 

Magnetic  Indicator.  —  Jacob  Unna,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.  This  is  quite  a  novel  and  ex- 
ceedingly interesting  arrangement  of  questions 
and  answers,  so  arranged,  that  the  device  ap- 
pears to  persons  unacquainted  with  its  opera- 
tion, to  be  operated  by  magic.  The  indicator  is 
intended  as  a  toy  to  be  used  both  for  amuse- 
ment and  instruction,  as  it  can  be  made  to  an- 
swer any  number  or  variety  of  questions  in  an 
entirely  magical  way.  It  consists  of  a  shallow 
box  provided  with  a  glass  cover.  Below  this 
cover  an  index  finger  is  suspended  so  as  to  vi- 
brate freely  in  a  circle.  The  suspension  of  this 
finger  is  hidden  by  a  circular  card  which  covers 
the  center  of  the  cover,  and  outside  of  this  card 
the  glass  is  also  covered  so  as  to  leave  only  an 
annular  space  through  which  the  motion  of  the 
finger  is  visible. 

A  circular  card  or  disk,  which  may  be  pro- 
vided with  questions  of  geography,  mathemat- 
ics, or  of  any  desired  character,  around  its  per- 
iphery is  placed  upon  the  center  card,  and  is  so 
constructed  that  a  magnetic  attraction  will  be 
exercised  so  as  to  cause  the  finger  to  immediate- 
ly move  around  and  point  to  the  answer  to  the 
question  propounded  by  the  card.  These  an- 
swers being  arranged  on  the  outside  of  the  an- 
nular transparent  space.  The  Indicator  never 
answers  a  question  incorrectly,  but  is  a  very  in- 
teresting teacher,  and  is  capable  of  teaching 
many  valuable  lessons  even  to  old  persons.  A. 
Roman  &  Co.,  of  this  city,  have  purchased  the 
entire  right  conferred  by  this  patent,  and  will 
shortly  introduce  the  Magnetic  Indicator  to  the 
public,  when  we  predict  that  they  will  meet 
with  a  ready  sale. 

Personal. — Our  friend, Prof.  J.  A.  Whitney, 
late  Editor  of  the  American  Artizan,  New  York 
has  established  himself  in  the  patent  agency 
business  at  No  128  Broadway,  in  that  city.  Be- 
ing a  mechanical  engineer,  an  expert  in  patent 
cases,  and  a  gentleman  of  much  editorial  expe- 
rience, we  believe  that  inventors  "on  the  other 
side"  will  be  fortunate  in  securing  his  services 
whenever  they  need  assistance  in  his  profes- 
sional line.  Prof.  W.  is  President  of  the  New 
York  Society  of  Practical  Engineering,  which 
society's  meetings  have  frequently  been  re- 
ported in  the  Scientific  Press.  He  takes 
an  important  part  in  the  weekly  discussions  of 
the  New  York  Farmers'  Club,  and  first  visited 
this  Coast  in  1870,  with  the  delegation  of  Ag- 
ricultural editors  and  as  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee from  the  Farmers'  Club.  We  wish  him 
the  fullest  success  in  his  new  undertaking. 


June  22,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


393 


Burleigh  Rock  Drill  and  Air  Compressor. 

Since  witnessing  the  effective  operation  of 
the  Burleigh  drill  in  the  Hoosnc  Tunnel,  in 
1867,  we  have  repeatedly  noticed  its  perform- 
ances in  other  places,  anticipating  its  introduc- 
tion into  somo  of  our  large  mines  on  this  Coast. 
Wo  have  once  illustrated  one  form  of  the  ma- 
chine, but  are  now  enabled  to  givo,  with  other 
cuts,  an  engraving  of  its  latest  and  most  im- 
proved pattern.  The  editor  of  the  Engineering 
and  Minimi  Journal;  of  New  York,  who  has  had 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  a  number  of  these  ma- 
chines at  work;  has  given  a  full  descriptive  arti- 
cle under  thiB  head,  and  we  can  do  no  better 
than  to  quote  his  language  as  follows: 

The  subject  of  rock  drilling  by  machinery  is 
one  of  the  greatest  importance  in  these  days  of 
railroad  and  canal  building,  of  magnificent  tun- 
nels and  extonsive  mining  operations. 

While  the  appliances  for  handling  and  trans- 
porting largo  masses  of  solid  rock  are  many  of 
them  of  ancient  date ,  the  machinery  adapted  to 
rock  drilling  is  of  very  recent  origin,  though  it 
has  already  reached  a  great  degree  of  perfection, 
as  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  so  many  great 
works  are  now  being  prosecuted  by  the  use  of 
pneumatic  rock  drills. 

Tho  Burleigh  Patent  Pneumatic  Rock  Drill 
is  a  machine  designed  for  tunnelling,  mining, 
quarrying,  and  sub-marine  drilling,  which  com- 
bines the  advantages  of  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion, great  strength  of  ports,  compactness  and 
lightness,  weighing  from  200  to  1,000  lbs.,  ac- 
rording  to  size,  and  designed  for  drilling  holes 
from  %  to  5  inches  in  diameter. 

It  is  convenient,  easily  handled,  and  not  lia- 
ble to  get  out  of  repair,  and  is  in  every  respect 
the  most  practical  drilling  machine  ever  invent- 
ed. It  will  drill  from  two  to  six  inches  per  min- 
ute, according  to  the  hardness  of  the  rock.  The 
drill-points  used  with  the  machine  will  make 
ten  times  greater  advance  at  each  sharpening 
thnn  when  used  in  the  ordinary  manner,  by 
hand  and  sledge.  This  is  proved  by  records 
kept  at  the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  where  these  ma- 
chines have  been  in  constant  use,  night  and 
day,  for  the  last  five  years.  This  machine  is  so 
constructed  that  the  piston  bar  is  the  only  part 
of  the  machine  which  receives  the  shock  re- 
sulting from  the  blow  upon  the  rock.  This  pis- 
ton bar,  to  which  the  drill  point  is  directly  at- 
tached, is  made  from  a  solid  bar  of  cast  steel. 
With  a  pressure  of  50  pounds  to  thesqnare  inch, 
the  drill  strikes  the  rock  from  250  to  300  blows 
per  minute.  The  machine  is  provided  with  an 
automatic  feed  and  rotating  device,  by  means 
of  which  the  drill  is  partially  rotated  at  each 
stroke,  and  advanced  toward  the  rock  as  re- 
quired. The  machines  vary  in  size  from  38 
inches  in  length,  and  cross  section  of  12x6^ 
inches,  to  105  inches  in  length,  and  cross  sec- 
tion of  15x13  inches,  and  will 
feed  forward  without  change  of 
drill-points,  from  19  to  54 
inches,  according'  to  size  of 
machine.  By  changing  drill- 
points,  any  depth  required 
may  be  drilled.  The  machine 
can  be  operated  either  by 
steam  or  compressed  air.  In 
tunnels  and  deep  shafts  the 
air  is  preferable,  as  it  serves 
the  double  purpose  of  power 
and  ventilation.  The  com- 
pressed air  or  steam  is  con- 
veyed to  the  machine  by  means 
of  a  flexible  pipe  or  tube,  which 
is  easily  removed  when  blast- 
ing. The  machine  will  drill 
equally  well  at  any  angle  of 
direction. 

Some  of  the  largest  works  in 
this  country  are  being  prose- 
cuted by  these  drills;  such  as 
the  Hoosac  Tunnel  in  Mass., 
the  Nesquehoning  in~Pa!7(just 
completed,)  the  Lewis  Tunnel 
in  Va. — and  several  large  tun- 
nels in  Colorado.  We  are  in- 
formed  that  several  of  the  best  copper  mines  in 
the  Lake  Superior  region  do  their  entire  drill- 
ing with  these  machines.  The  gigantic  work  of 
driving  13  tunnels  under  the  reef  at  Hell  Gate, 
New  York  harbor,  which  Maj.  Gen.  Newton  is 
so  successfully  prosecuting,  is  being  done 
largely  by  the  use  of  10  of  these  drills.  They  are 
also  employed  for  sub-marine  drilling  in  some 
of  the  harbors  of  the  Atlantic  and  the  Lakes. 

Fig.  I.  represents  uone    of   the  drills   mount- 


ed on  a  very  simple  device,  an  iron  tripod, 
which  answers  for  surface,  shaft  and  open  cut 
work.  For  quarries  a  simple  frame  on  wheels 
is  often  used,  without  any  disadvantage. 


there  being  five  such  machines  at  work  at  Hell 
Gate. 

It  consists  of  a  steam  engine   conneoting  by 
means  of  a  crank  shaft  with  two  single-acting 


Fig.  T. 


THE  BURLEIGH  DRILL. 


Fig.  II.  represents  the  drills  as  mounted 
for  work  at  the  tunnels  at  Hell  Gate. 

This  carriage  is  constructed  of  wood  and  iron, 
and  runs  upon  iron  wheels. 

It  has  jack  screws  to  raise  it  from  the  wheels 
during  the  drilling,  and  is  held  in  place  by 
screws  running  out  from  the  end  of  the  upper 
bar,  or  from  the  frame  to  the  roof  of  the  tun- 
nel.   A  tunnel  8  f eet  in  hight,  and  from   10  to 

Fig.  II. 


air-pumps.    It  is  compactly  built,   and  said  to 
be  the  best  thing  yet  designed  for  furnishing 


the  Burleigh  Air  Compressors,  (second  size, ) 
which  is  giving  the  most  perfect  satisfaction. 
It  is  running  two  of  the  Burleigh  Mining  Drills 
in  the  1,460  ft.  level,  with  great  success.  It  is 
also  running  a  No.  3  Knowles  Pump  at  the  foo 
of  the  slope,  and  situated  2,000  feet  from  the 
Compressor,  lifting  a  two-inch  column  of  water 
200  feet  vertically.  In  addition  to  this,  the  ai. 
exhaustcd  from  the  machines  furnishes  the  best 
of  ventilation. 

It  is  claimed  for  this  Compressor  that  it  will 
deliver  a  much  larger  quantity  of  air  per  min- 
ute than  any  other  requiring  an  equal  amount 
of  power  to  run  it. 

Wo  understand  that  several  others  of  the 
companies  on  the  Comstock  Lode  are  contem- 
plating tho  employment  of  these  Compressors 
for  hoisting  and  pumping,  as  well  as  driving 
pneumatic  drilling  machines. 

Parties  interested  in  Rock  Drilling  by  ma- 
chinery are  referred  to  our  advertising  columns 
for  the  name  and  address  of  the  manufacturers, 
who  can  doubtless  furnish  further  information. 


Fig.  III. 


i/TUNNEL  DRILLS. 

16  feet  wide,  can  be  constructed  by  the  use  of 
this  carriage. 

For  smaller  drifts  a  similar  form  of  carriage 
is  used,  consisting  of  an  upright  bar,  standing 
upon  a  platform  on  wheels.  Upon  this  bar  a 
movable  nut  and  clamp  secures  the  drill  and 
allows  of  its  adjustment  to  any  required  posi- 
tion for  drilling. 

Fig.  III.  represents  the  Burleigh  Air  Com- 
pressor used  for  driving  the  drills  in  tunnels, 


BURLEIGH  AIRICOIWPRESSOR. 


the  "air  motor"  for  the  many  uses  it  is  now 
being  put  to. 

Thirteen  (13)  of  the  largest  size  of  theso  ma- 
chines are  now  running  night  and  day  to  sup- 
ply the  requisite  pressure  of  air  in  the  immense 
caisson  of  the  New  York  Bridge  Company, 
now  being  sunk  at  Peck  Slip,  and  fifteen  (15) 
of  them  are  at  use  at  Hoosac  Tunnel. 

The  Yellow  Jacket  Silver  Mining  Company, 
at  Gold  Hill^have  recently  introduced^  one  of 


Mining  Accidents. 

Thomas  Bright,  21  years  of  age,  was  killed 
in  the  Lloyd  claim  last  week.  The  San  An- 
dreas Citizen  says  he  had  just  run  the  under- 
ground car  to  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  to  fill  the 
hoisting  tub,  and  as  the  tub  ascended  the  shaft 
the  pin  came  out  of  the  friction  wheel  and  the 
tub  falling  eight  or  ten  feet  on  his  head,  killed 
him  instantly. 

A  miner  named  Martin  was  caved  on  and 
killed,  in  the  Taylor  Hill  claims  on  the  East 
Branch  on  the  4th  inst.  The  Quincy  National 
says,  that  the  other  men  who  were  with  him, 
on  going  back  to  work  after  carrying  the  body 
to  the  house,  discovered  that  the  whole  side  of 
the  hill  had  slid  into  the  cut,  and  had  not  the 
first  accident  happened  the  whole  company 
would  undoubtedly  have  been  killed.  This 
makes  the  fourth  man  killed  in  these  claims 
this  Spring. 

A  sad  accident  is  recorded  in  the  Mountain 
Democrat  of  the  15th  inst.,  as  having  occurred 
at  the  Crystal  mine  near  Brownsville,  El  Dora- 
do county,  on  the  12th  inst.  In  the  mine  a 
tunnel  entirely  perforates  the  hill  or  ridge,  and 
the  main  shaft  passes  through  this  tunnel,  the 
hoisting  whim  being  on  top  of  the  hill,  over 
the  tunnel.  Miss  Edith  Richardson  aged  about 
17  years,  daughter  of  the  owner  of  the  mine, 
was  visiting  it  with  some  of  her  friends  and  in 
going  through  the  tunnel  leading  the  way  with 
a  candle,  she  fell  down  the  shaft,  a  distance  of 
170  feet,  killing  her  instantly.  She  had  fre- 
quently been  through  the  tunnel  but  it  is 
probable  that  she  came  to  the  shaft  sooner 
than    she    had    expected  to. 

A  man  named  Welsh  was 
blown  up  and  killed,  at  the 
Spring  Valley  Mill,  on  the  8th 
inst.  So  says  the  Gold  Hill 
News. 

The  Reno  Slate  c/buraa2,says 
Mr.  Solomon  Lingle,  mining  in 
the  Peavine  district,  had  his 
leg  broken  by  a  falling  rock 
last  week. 

A.  L,  Roltz  of  El  Dorado, 
Montana,  fell  from  a  bank  on 
to  the  point  of  a  crowbar,  and 
received  seriousinjuries,on  the 
5th  inst. 

The  Deer  Lodge  Independent 
says  a  miner  called  "Dutch 
Henry,"  was  severely  hurt  by 
a  cave  on  Pilgrim's  Bar,  on  the 
5th  inst. 

By  an  accident  in  the  Jack- 
son mine,  at  Eureka  Nev.,  on 
the  17th,  Jos.  Holbrook  was 
instantly  killed  and  Jno.  Frank- 
lin was  badly  cut  and  bruised. 
In  descending  the  shaft  the 
whim  suddenly  became  in- 
operative and  they  were  pre- 
cipitated rapidly  to  the  bot- 
tom, 120  feet.  Franklin  be- 
gan to  climb  the  rope  and  thus 
saved  his  life.  The  other  was 
killed.  A  shower  of  rain  had 
wet  the  pulley,  and  caused  the 
ropeto  slip. 

A  miner  named  Thos.  Frakes 
was  considerably  bruised  dur- 
ing the  fire  at  the  Amador 
mine  last  week.  While  being 
lowered  down  the  shaft,  the  fire 
broke  out,  and  the  engineer  was 
compelled  by  the  heat  to  aban- 
don his  post.  When  Frakes 
was  almost  half  way  down 
the  shaft,  the  ropes  ran 
off  the  drum,  letting  the  cage  fall  to  the 
bottom,  a  dispatch  says  a  distance  of  600  feet. 
He  was  badly  but  not  seriously  hurt,  but  how 
he  escaped  with  his  life,  after  such  a  fall  is  a 
miracle.  He  was  the  only  one  hurt  during  the 
fire. 

L.  E.  Vowel  was  caved  on  and  killed  in  a  hy- 
draulic claim  on  Spruce  Bar,  Montana,  re- 
cently. 

Frederick  Behrman  was  crushed  to  death  in 
a  cave  in  Poormaus  Gulch,  about  7  miles  from 
Mokelumme  Hill, ^Calaveras  cov.nly,  rn  the 
7th  inst. 


394 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS.N 


[June  22,  1872. 


DOMESTIC 


CONOMY. 


Cooking  and  Health. 

The  Health  always  and  very  often  the  Life,  es- 
pecially of  invalids  and  those  who  have  weak 
and  infirm  stomachs,  depend  upon  the  care  and 
skill  of  the  cook.  Our  forefathers  were  so- sen- 
sible of  this  that  in  days  of  yore  no  man  of  con- 
sequence thought  of  making  a  day's  journey 
without  taking  his  "magider  coquorum"  with 
him. 

In  order  to  acquire  health,  beauty,  strength 
and  spirits,  we  need  nourishing  food;  and  we 
will  further  say  that  we  do  not  acquire  those 
faculties  or  conditions  of  the  mind  and  body, 
because  our  digestive  apparatus  gets  out  of  order 
by  reason  of  the  indigestible  nature  of  the  food 
crowded  into  it.  The  greater  part  of  the  truly 
nutritive  and  digestible  food  is  spoiled  in  the 
cooking,  and  so  rendered  unhealthy. 

It  is  the  business  of  the  cook  to  know  what  is 
to  be  cooked  and  how  to  cook  it — and  to  do 
this  well  it  is  not  necessary  to  understand  anat- 
omy, chemistry,  or  botany,  any  more  than  it  is 
necessary  to  study  astronomy  to  ascertain  why 
the  bread  comes  out  heavy,  the  roast  baked  to 
cinders  or  flabbily  underdone.  Vigilance  and 
precision  are  the  indispensible  requisites  of 
cooldng  well. 

Recipes  for  blanc  mange,  custards,  etc.,  and 
the  endless  and  useless  collection  of  puerile 
playthings  for  the  palates,  are  scrupulously  ex- 
act, even  to  a  grain  in  the  ingredient,  while  in 
substantiate  everything  is  done  at  random. 
For  instance:  a  bit  of  this,  a  handful  of  that,  a 
pinch  of  of  t'other,  do  'em  over  with  an  egg, 
and  a  sprinkle  of  salt,  a  dust  of  flour,  a  shake 
of  pepper,  a  squeeze  of  lemon  or  a  dash  of 
vinegar,  etc.  Season  it  to  the  palate  (meaning 
the  cook's)  in  another  way  of  expressing  it. 
The  palate  may  become  dull  by  repeated  tast- 
ings, and  the  best  way  to  refresh  it  is  to  eat  an 
apple  or  wash  the  mouth  well  in  milk.  The 
power  of  the  nervous  papillae  of  the  tongue  be- 
comes exhausted  and  therefore  the  cook  should 
call  in  weight  and  measures  so  as  to  preserve 
the  organ  of  taste  for  great  occasions  and  new 
compositions. 

It  is  true  that  a  combination  of  certain  colors 
is  pleasing  to  the  eye,  while  that  of  others  is 
disagreeable;  so  an  association  of  certain  savors 
is  pleasing  to  the  taste  and  grateful  to  the  stom- 
ach while  others  prove  disagreeable  and  cause 
a  revolt  in  the  digestive  apparatus;  thus  yellow 
and  violet,  green  and  rose  produce  an  agreea- 
ble effect,  but  blue  loses  its  shade  when  mixed 
with  green;  so  sugar  is  miscible  with  sweet, 
sour  or  bitter  food;  but  not  with  salt;  a  proper 
union  should  therefore  be  studied.  It  is  like- 
wise necessary  to  know  that  the  organs  of  taste 
are  distributed  indifferent  places  in  the  mouth. 
Piquant  food,  for  example,  is  felt  principally  on 
the  sides  of  the  tongue;  cinnamon  specially 
stimulates  the  end  of  the  same  member;  the 
ardor  of  pepper  is  experienced  about  the  middle 
of  the  tongue,  and  bitter  substances  affect  the 
base,  while  spirituous  substances  seek  the  pal- 
ate and  the  cheeks.  The  same  may  be  said  of 
substances  sapid  in  the  throat  and  others  in  the 
stomach. 

Bearing  these  peculiarities  in  mind,  the  cook 
will  beable  to  form  combinations  without  being 
monotonous,  and  accommodate  the  mostdirhcult 
taste. 

Again,  in  order  that  the  cook  may  encourage 
the  machinery  of  mastication,  food  must  not 
only  be  well  cooked  but  put  on  the  table  in  the 
neatest  aud  most  elegant  manner.  The  good 
opinion  of  the  eye  is  the  first  step  towards 
awakening  the  appetite.  Decoration  is  much 
more  rationally  employed  in  rendering  a  whole- 
some, nutritious  dish  inviting,  than  is  the  elab- 
orate embellishments  which  are  crowded  about 
trifles  such  as  custards,  cakes,  etc .  How  often 
do  we  see  monumental  pastry  beautiful  to  the 
eye  but  no  more  digestive  than  a  tombstone, 
of  which  it  is  strikingly  suggestive.  Better  to 
behold  a  glorious  leg  of  mutton  or  roast  of  beef 
surrounded  with  edible  ornaments,  the  demoli- 
tion of  which  gives  joy  to  the  stomach  and  rec- 
reation to  the  palate — unlike  the  disagreeable 
sensations  experienced  by  devouring  gypsum 
pastry  fortifications. 

Food  to  be  eaten  in  perfection  must  be  put 
into  the  mouth  immediately  after  being  cooked 
— anything  overdone  cannot  be  mended  ;but  if  a 
little  underdone,  the  stewpan,  gridiron  or  oven 
even  will  rectify  the  mistake.  If  overdone  the 
best  juices  of  meat  are  evaporated,  aud  will 
serve  merely  to  distend  the  stomach,  and  if  the 
sensation  of  rmnger  be  removed,  it  will  be  at  the 
price  of  an  indigestion.  The  chief  business  of 
cooking  being  to  render  food  easy  of  digestion 
and  to  facilitate  nutrition,  the  only  way  to  ac- 
complish it  is  by  plain  cookery  in  perfection — 
i.  e.  neither  over  nor  underdone,. 

How  often  before  dinner  is  announced  and 
everything  in  apple-pie  order,  all  becomes  luke- 
warm, and  to  complete  our  mortification,  the 
meat  is  put  on  a  sheet  of  ice  in  the  shape  of  a 
plate,  which  instantly  converts  the  gravy  into 
jelly,  and  the  fat  into  a  something  which  puz- 
zles the  teeth  and  the  roof  of  the  mouth  as 
if  we  had  bird  lime  to  masticate,  requiring  the 
stomach  of  an  ostrich  or  a  clay  eater  to  digest. 

Unless  you  have  prime  provisions  you  can- 
not cook  well.  Be  not  therefore  a  bargain  hun- 
ter and  trot  "'around,  around,  around  about"  a 
market  until  trapped  into  buying  some  unchew- 
able  old  poultry,  tough  mutton,  stringy  cow 
beef  or  stale  fish  at  a  very  little  less  than  the 
price  of  prime  and  proper  food.  Many  there 
are,  however,  who  with  savings  like  these  tod- 


dle home  in  triumph,  cackling  all  the  way  like 
a  goose  that  has  got  ankle  deep  into  good  luck. 
Ohio  Farmer. 


How  to  Make  Hoe-Cakes. — A  correspondent 
of  the  Country  Gentleman — says  the  term  "Hoe- 
Cakes"  originated  in  Virginia,  the  cakes  being 
baked  by  negroes  on  hoes  in  front  of  wood  fires, 
the  hoes  supported  by  bricks.  In  Maryland 
and  Rhode  Island  they  are  called  johnny  or 
journey  cakes,  and  baked  on  the  centre  portion 
of  a  barrel  head,  wet  previous  to  baking  to  pre- 
vent sticking  to  the  board  when  turning  the 
cakes;  as  common  wood  fires  have  become 
nearly  obselete,  they  may  be  baked  by  being 
enclosed  within  an  oyster-broiling  gridiron,  set 
over  fire  coals  on  or  outside  a  stove,  avoiding 
smoke  or  blaze.  For  a  single  cake,  three  half 
pints  yellow  Indian  meal,  two  eggs,  salt  to  taste, 
half  to  a  teaspoonful  of  yeast  powder,  and  a 
handful  of  cracklings  (refuse  of  rendered  lard) 
boiled  till  soft.  Lard  will  do  about  as  well. 
"Work  and  mix  well  and  to  the  consistency  of 
thick  paste.  Cakes  .half  inch  thick.  Serve  up 
on  a  warm  dish,  butter  generously  on  the  in- 
side. 

If  any  one  should  think  the  above  is  too 
"rough  and  ready,"  try  the  following:  Pour 
over  a  quart  of  Indian  meal  boiling  water,  add 
some  lard  and  a  little  salt,  spread  it  over  a 
board  with  a  knife,  tuck  on  the  bottom  of  the 
board  an  iron  hoop  (ledge)  and  a  handle  behind 
the  board  to  keep  it  in  position. 

Cucumber  Salads. — A  lady  correspondent  of 
Hearth  and  Home  sa.ys:  "We  have  just  prepared 
our  winter's  supply  of  cucumber  salad,  and 
this  is  how  we  made  it:  There  were  about  a 
dozen  ripe  "White  Spine"  cucumbers  lying  on 
their  vines,  and  these  we  picked,  washed, 
pared,  cut  into  strips,  taking  out  the  seeds,  and 
then  to  each  dozen  cucumbers — which  we  cut 
up  into  pieces  like  small  dice — we  put  twelve 
large  white  onions,  chopped,  six  large  green 
peppers,  also  chopped,  one  quarter  pound  each 
of  black  and  white  mustard  seed,  and  a  gill  of 
celery  seed.  These  were  all  mixed  together,  a 
teacup  of  salt  added,  and  they  were  then  hung 
in  a  cotton  bag  to  drain  twenty-four  hours. 
Then  the  salad,  with  enough  clear  cold  vinegar 
added  to  cover  it,  was  put  into  stone  jars  and 
fastened  nearly  air  tight.  In  six  weeks  it  will 
be  fit  for  use.  It  looks  as  well  as  it  tastes,  so 
white  and  crisp,  aud  makes  an  elegant  salad  for 
a  joint  of  cold  meat.  It  is  not  like  the  Spanish 
salad,  that  requires  'a  counsellor  for  salt,  a 
miser  for  vinegar,  a  spendthrift  for  oil,  and  a 
madman  to  stir  it  up,'  but  it  is  quite  as  good  in 
its  way,  andnot  very  troublesome  to  make." 

Home-Made  Yeast. — Daisy  Eyebright,  in  the 
Country  Gentleman,  recommends  the  following: 
"Boil  two  handfuls  of  hops,  tied  in  a  small  bag, 
in  six  quarts  of  water;  slice  thin  six  large  po- 
tatoes, and  boil  them  with  the  hops;  when 
they  are  soft,  skim  them  out  and  mash,  perfect- 
ly fine;  add  to  them  one  and  a  half  pints  of 
wheat  flour  stirred  to  a  smooth  batter  with  cold 
water;  turn  over  the  whole  the  boiling  hop 
liquor,  first  taking  out  the  bag  and  squeezing  it 
dry;  then  hang  it  aside  to  use  another  time,  for 
it  will  make  two  batches  of  yeast.  Stir  into 
this  mixture  two  tablespoonfuls  of  sugar,  one 
of  ginger  and  one  of  salt.  When  milk-warm, 
add  a  teacupful  of  yeast,  set  in  a  warm  place  to 
rise,  and  it  will  be  ready  to  put  into  a  jug  by 
the  next  morning.  Keep  in  a  cool  cellar  or  ice- 
house, and  it  will  last  good  for  six  weeks  or 
more.  Always  shake  the  jug  before  using  any 
of  its  contents.  A  teacupful  of  this  yeast  will 
make  three  loaves  of  bread  and  a  pan  of  rolls. 
I  shall  surely  try  the  recipes  of  Southern  corn 
meal,  which  I  always  use  in  preference  to  the 
yellow  meal. 

Oranges. — A  writer  in  the  Boston  Journal 
gives  an  account  of  winter  living  in  Florida, 
from  which  this  is  an  extract: — "We  get  up  in 
the  morning  and  eat  a  few  oranges,  by  way  of 
preparing  an  appetite  for  breakfast.  Mrs.  M. 
and  L.  take  theirs  in  their  rooms;  I  take  mine 
under  the  trees.  After  breakfast,  which  usually 
consists  of  fifteen  dishes,  more  or  less,  oftener 
more,  we  go  out  for  a  walk.  We  usually  begin 
under  an  orange  tree;  always  end  there.  There 
are  30,000  of  the  trees,  which  accounts  for  it. 
At  dinner  we  have  oranges  again.  They  con- 
stitute the  sixth  course,  each  having  from  one 
to  thirty  dishes.  If  they  are  not  on  the  table 
we  ask  for  them.  We  have  never  had  to  ask 
for  them  yet.  They  are  both  ^cooked  and  un- 
cooked, skins  both  on  and  off.  After  dinner  we 
eat  oranges  under  the  trees.  I  forgot  all  about 
lunch.  One  day  I  counted  eighteen  dishes  and 
two  negroes;  we  had  oranges,  and  had  them 
again  in  the  afternoon.". 


Graham  Bread. — There  is  but  one  way  only 
to  make  Graham  bread,  viz: — Obtain  first-class 
flour  and  make  it  precisely  in  the  same  manner 
as  wheaten  bread,  with  bakers'  yeast.  It  is  the 
most  natural  and  wholesome  of  all  breads. 
Some  people  fancy  that  with  the  addition  of 
soda,  molasses,  steaming,  etc.,  it  becomes  more 
palatable.  This  is  all  bosh;  for  the  manner  in 
which  it  is  generally  made  renders  it  by  no 
means  healthy  or  digestible,  while  an  eon- 
traire,  the  simpler  it  is  prepared  the  better,  like 
all  other  food.  I  have  used  it  according  to  the 
above  plan  for  twenty  years,  only  varying  from 
the  same  when  traveling,  and  then  nave  been 
compelled,  at  hotels,  to  worry  down  trash, 
yclept  Graham  bread,  made  out  of  villainous 
compounds  and  prepared,  no  doubt,  according 
to  some  of  the  "precious"  recipes  occasionally 
appearing  in  various  newspapers.  —  Moore's 
Mural. 


The  Olxve. — There  is  no  more  wholesome  or 
palatable  oil  for  cooking  than  genuine  sweet 
olive  oil.  It  might  well  supercede  in  a  great 
measure  the  use  of  butter  and  lard.  In  Italy 
and  other  parts  of  Europe,  and  especially  in 
the  East,  it  is  used  in  cooking  to  the  exclusion 
of  almost  everything  else  of  this  nature.  The 
fruit,  too,  is  coming  into  more  general  use  in 
the  different  modes  of  pickling.  The  taste  for 
olives  is  usually  not  a  natural  one,  but  when 
formed  it  becomes  very  decided,  and  the  fruit 
is  perhaps  the  most  wholesome  pickle  that  can 
be  used. 


Egg  Plants,  or  Vegetable  Eggs — Are  used, 
in  their  green  state — that  is,  while  the  seeds 
are  soft  and  white.  They  will  do  as  soon  as 
they  are  large  enough;  but  economy  suggests 
that  they  be  full  size  before  pulling.  Pare  off 
the  outside  rind,  cut  around  in  slices  one-quar- 
ter of  an  inch  in  thickness.  Have  on  a  dish 
equal  portions  of  salt  and  pepper,  which  must 
be  rubbed  with  the  fingers  on  to  each  side  of 
the  slices;  then  roll  in  flour  aud  fry  ou  a  butter- 
ed griddle.  When  brown  on  both  sides  they 
will  be  soft  and  ready  to  eat  while  hot.  They 
make  a  nice  breakfast  dish,  and  are  a  substitute 
for  meat. — Moore's  Burnt. 


To  Clean  Lamp  Chimneys. — When  you  wish 
to  clean  a  lamp  chimney,  hold  a  linen  cloth 
against  one  end  of  the  chimney  aud  place  the 
other  end  in  your  mouth;  breathe  in  it  until 
it  is  covered  inside  with  moisture,  push  the  cloth 
into  the  chimney  with  a  smooth  slender  stick, 
and  rub  it  around  until  the  moisture  is  absorb- 
ed; repeat  the  process  and  breathe  over  the 
outer  surface  also;  rub  this  with  a  cloth  until 
dry,  and  you  have  a  clean,  bright  chimney. 
Soft  newspaper  will'  take  the  place  of  a  linen 
cloth.  Do  not  use  cotton  cloth  on  any  glass- 
ware. 


To  Boil  Eggs. — Who  does  not  know  how  ? 
Yet  how  few  people  know  the  way  to  boil  them 
in  order  to  retain  all  their  delicious  flavor.  Al- 
low me  to  tell  you  my  method: — I  put  one  half 
dozen  eggs  into  a  tin  pail,  and  pour  about  two 
quarts  of  boiling  water  overthem;  then  set  the 
pail  on  the  hearth,  where  the  heat  is  not  kept 
up,  and  let  them  remain  for  six  or  ten  minutes, 
according  as  we  like  them  cooked,  hard  or  rare. 
By  so  cooking  the  white  is  always  tender  and 
delicious.    Try  it. 


Selected  Kecipes. 

Salad  Dressing. — Take  the  yolk  of  one  fresh 
egg  and  mix  with  it  two  tablespoonfuls  of  olive 
oil  very  slowly,  add  one  and  one-half  spoonfuls 
of  mustard,  three  spoonfuls  of  salt,  a  little  pep- 
per, and  last  of  all  two  spoonfuls  of  vinegar. 
Beat  the  white  of  the  egg  to  a  stiff  froth,  and 
lightly  stir  in. 

ArPLE  Float. — One  pint  of  stewed  apples; 
when  cold  sweeten  and  flavor  to  taste.  Just 
as  you  want  to  send  to  table,  and  the  beaten 
whites  of  four  eggs,  lightly  stirred  into  it.  With 
cream  this  makes  a  nice  dessert. 

Apples  stewed  for  sauce  should  be  pared, 
cored  and  put  into  cold  water  until  they  are 
ready  to  be  cooked,  to  keep  them  from  discolor- 
ing. Add  a  little  water,  putting  them  in  a  por- 
celain kettle  or  stew-pan.  Cover  them,  and  let 
them  cook  gently. 

Vert  Fine  Doughnuts. — Half  a  teacup  of 
butter  or  lard,  1  teacup  of  sugar,  1  teacup  of 
sweet  milk,  4  eggs,  1  teaspoonful  of  extract  of 
lemon,  or  allspice  and  cloves  if  preferred,  sale- 
ratus  and  cream  of  tartar. 

English  Buns. — One  pound  of  flour,  %  pound 
of  sugar,  some  cinnamon,  %  pint  of  rising;  rub 
them  all  together,  and  mix  them  with  milk,  four 
or  five  drops  of  pearlash.  Wash  them  after 
they  are  baked  "with  sugar  and  water. 

Spanish  Buns. — One  and  one-quarter  pounds 
of  flour,  %  pound  of  butter,  %  pound  of  sugar 
4:  eggs,  1  glass  of  brandy,  wine  aud  rose  water 
mixed,  some  currants  and  a  %  P*11  of  rising. 
Rub  the  flour,  butter,  sugar  and  cinnamon  well 
together,  then  add  the  other  ingredients,  beat  all 
well  together,  and  stir  in  enough  milk  to  make 
it  a  proper  batter.    Bake  them  in  tins. 

Jelly  from  Gelatine. — One  ounce  and  a 
half  of  gelatine  put  over  night  into  a  pint  of 
cold  water,  with  the  rinds  and  juice  of  three 
lemons.  Next  morning  add  a  pint  of  boiling 
water,  half  a  pint  of  sherry,  the  whites  and 
shells  of  three  eggs,  and  sweeten  to  your  taste. 
Boil  the  whole  ten  minutes,  and  strain  through 
a  jelly-bag.  This  will  make  a  quart  of  jelly. 
Be  sure  not  to  stir  the  mixture  after  it  is  placed 
on  the  fire.     It  is  excellent. 

Milk  or  Cream  Gravy. — One  quart  milk,  3 
tablespoonfuls  corn  starch,  made  into  a  smooth 
batter  with  rich  milk  or  cream.  Boil  the  milk 
and  pour  in  the  batter,  stirring  all  the  while. 
Let  it  boil  two  or  three  minutes,  remove  from 
the  fire,  and  stir  in  immediately  a  well-beaten 
egg.    This  dressing  is  used  for  baked  potatoes. 

Excellent  Crackers. — To  fourteen  cups  of 
flour,  add  one  cup  of  lard,  two  teaspoonfuls  of 
soda,  four  of  cream  tartar.  Hub  the  ingredi- 
ents well  into  flour,  then  add  three  cups  of 
water,  work  thoroughly  and  bake  quick. 


Cement  for  Aquarium — The  trouble  with  red 
lead  and  oil  is  that  it  is  apt  not  always  to  ad- 
here to  the  glass.  Probably  the  best  cement  is 
that  which  consists  of  three  parts  of  powdered 
pipe-clay,  one  pai't  oxide  of  iron,  and  as  much 
Unseed  varnish  as  is  sufficient  to  make  a  stiff 
paste  ;  or  the  so-called  stone  cement — nine 
parts  of  pipe-clay,  one  of  litharge,  and  so  much 
linseed  oil  as  to  be  of  the  proper  consis- 
tency. This  becomes  as  hard  as  iron,  and  ad- 
heres with  great  tenacity  to  glass  or  almost  any 
other  substance. 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBTJRG,   PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $30,  $50,  $75,   and  $110.     DIAMOND  TURN- 
ING TOOLS,  $15  each. 

SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From  40   cents   to   $113   each. 


Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  "Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
them  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  off 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  "WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  "WOOD  "WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

I3v24-tf 

Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

—  AND  — 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  (saltpetre),  F- 
FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Nos.  1 
2,  3  and  4,  in  1  lb.  and  %  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Brands,  Eagle  Duck  and  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nos.  1,  2, 3,  in  half  kegB,  qr.  kegs,  5  lb.  tins,  andin 
1  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  In  kegs, 
halt  kegs  and  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.,  and  U  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Rifle,  A.  F.  &  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
in  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  %  lb.  and  \{ 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket,  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cal.,  by  the  L.  S.  &  P.  Co.)  Constantly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water- 
proof and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fuse.  Fuse  made  especially 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Caps. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equal  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

■WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's  Improved)  and  Fixed  Ammunition. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oilod  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles — beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines — Gold,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

MuBkets — Angular  or  Sword  Bayonets. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
parts  of  the  Winchester  Arms. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W,  R.  A.  Co.  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 

JOHN  SKINKER,  Sole  Agent, 
5v24-6m-lamr  108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 

THE    FREAR    STONE    COMPANY 

OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Office,    638    Market    Street. 

OFFICERS: 
James  Gamble,  L.  A.  Booth, 

President.       j  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE: 
N.W.  Spauldtmg.  George  C.   Potter,  N.  P.  Pehene. 

This  Company  will  contract  to  furnish  or  put  up  the 
heaviest,  strongest  and  most  elaborate  and  elegant  Fire- 
proof Stone  Fronts,  of  any  design,  and  every  6tyle  of 
Plain  and  Ornamental  Door  and  "Window  Caps,  Key- 
stones, Sills,  Water  Tables,  Coping  Ashlars,  Plain  and 
Ornamental  Stone  Work  of  every  description.  Fire- 
proof Buildings  and  Bank  Vaults,  Cemetery  Work,  Curb- 
ing Stones,  Fountains,  etc.,  all  at  prices  far  below  native 
cut  stone,  and  equal,  in  all  respects,  as  to  strength  and 
durability. 

Architects  and  Builders,  before  letting  their  contracts 
for  Stone  Work,  are  requested  to  call  at  the  office  of  this 
Company,  and  examine  certificates,  specimens  and  pho- 
tographs of  buildings  already  constructed  of  Frear  Stone 
in  Chicago  and  other  Eastern  cities. 

For  further  information  apply  to  N.  P.  PERLNE,  638 
Market  street.  [19v24-3m 


THE 

Gutta  Percha  and  Rubber  Manufacturing 

COMPANY. 

118  Front  street,  San  Francisco. 

Patent   Oombination  Oarbolized  Steam  Tire 

Hose,  Steam  and  Petroleum  Oil  Hose, 

Suction  Hose,  Hydrant  Hose,  Conducting  Hose,  Engine 

Hose,  Round  Packing,  Rubber  Belting,  Packing, 

Valves,  Caskets,  Pure  Vulcanized 

Sheet  Rubber,  Fire 

Buckets. 


12v*3-3m 


J.  W.  TAYLOJR,  A^ent. 


ALL    KINDS    OF 

Office    Desks    and    Book    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  by 

JOHNSON    &   BEST, 

No.  311  Pino  Btreet,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bank, 
18v24-6m  San  Francisco. 


June  22,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


395 


Business  Cards. 


H.    C.    BENNETT, 
S  T  A  T  I  HT  I  «_•  I  A  >'. 

Iteporfa  and  estimate*  mad©  about  all  department*  ol 
Production,  t'omruorcv,  and  Manufacture,  ut  I 


KICHAED   H.    STKETCH,    CivU  Engineer, 

City    una    County    Surveyor. 

Office— Boom  10,  City  Hall.  Urt«-3m 


giLH*  u.  cut. 


J4MV3  m.  11. rax. 


GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATTORSIEVSASDCOrNSELOBSATLAW, 

In  Building  of  P*cinc  Imuranc*  Oa,  N.   E.  corner  Call 
'ornla  u  erects, 

Sam  nuNoioa 


Spectacles  My  Specialty. 


C.MULLER,  Optician, 
135  Montgomery  street,  near  Bush,  Rumh  BlOtik, 

opporiiir  the  Occidental  Hotel. 
JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429   Montgomery   Street, 

S.  W.  corner  Sacramento. 

SunreyinBlnjtrumcMsmaale.  repaired  and  adjusted 

22vl7-3m 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  "Wood  Turner,  and 

No.  485  Brannan  Street San  Fhancisco. 

And  No.  0  Q  St..  bet.  First  and  Second, 
21v23-tf  MXWTO. 


BARTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
JBOOKBirSTOERS, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers, 

SOS  Cluy  •n*eel,iMoutl.wc8icor.  Sanaome), 
16vl2-3m  SAN  FRANCISCO, 


©A.7V    FRANCISCO 

CORDAGE     COMPANY. 

Manila  Ropo  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  WhaJe 
Line  constantly  on  hand.     Tarred  Manila  alining  Ropes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TUBB8  k  CO.,  Agents, 

26  611  and  813  Fiont  street. 

AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  Mission  street,  between  Bealo  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  Millwright  Work 
ripocially  to  the  eroction  of  FLOI'R  MILLS.  DISTIL- 
LERIES.etc.    Also.CopBtng  Mill  and  Steamship  Wlioels. 

Manutaeturers  of  hash's  Cutis  Grain  Separators.  Build- 
ers of  Improve*!  Hydraulic  Wine-  Presses,  Grape  Stemmcrs 
and  Crashers,  etc  15v2:^-6m 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL      ENGRAVER, 
AM>  LETT£B  CUTTER, 

Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  60S  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 


The    Merchants'  Exchange   Bank 

OF    SAN    Fit  A.\  CISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

B.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

25v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

— FOB— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street.  Dot.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

25r23-tf 


L.    SCHUMANN, 

riONEEK 


Meerschaum    Pipe    Manufacturer, 


so 

No.    341    KEARNY    STKEET, 

Between  BuBh  and  Pine  streetB,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS 


Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 
.GRAND,   SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 

Pianos   to   Let-  f|Slpl3 

A.    HETHAN, 
I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
mal8-tf  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


HYDEAULIC     CHIEF. 
FISHERS 

KNUCKLE 

JOINT 

AND 

NOZZLE 

IB  THE 

Cheapest  and    Best 
Hydraulic  Machine 

lU   Ubo. 

The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
OViS-tf  Address  Y.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


MACHINES 

Manufactured 

TO  OKDEB, 

to    throw    from 

One 

to  an 

eight-inch 

HTREAM. 


HYDItATLIC  miners.  TAKR  notici:    I  hereby  cftnUon  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, UUllUt  Of  u*ing  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  the  Little  Giant,  manufactured  :iml  nold  by  i;    B,  >v 
ml  Rlohara  ll"hkin,  as  the  samo  Is  on  infringement  upon  tin.  luventiou  of  the.  machine  known  as  FISH- 
Klt'B  HYDKAl'LIC  CHIEF.  Kecurud  by  Letters  Patent,  No.  110,382,  dated  Dec.  'JO,  1870.     All  partic*  participating 
in  sib  i,  infringements  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jun.liuh.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  "Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hummers 
Shingling  Hummers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
rners,  Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.     Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Parallel  Earn. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 


PHILADELPHIA. 
"  Send  for  Circulars. 


13v21-3m    >jgj»y* 


NIAGARA  STEAM   PUMP  WORKS. 

FIRST    PREMIUM 
American  Institute,  1867  and  1870. 

CHARLES  B.  HARDICK, 
23  Adams  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

SOLE  MANUFACTURER 

Hardick's    Patent    Donble-Acting 
Steam  Pump 

and  Fire  Engine. 


PATENTED    IN     ENGLAND,    BELGIUM      AND  § 

FRANCE.      SEND  EOB   CLRCDLAB.  =C   -^ 

22v2Gt-COW 


.*..»-. J. •■■.L^^J_--i..,  .  '*    -■. 


BROWN'S      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
In  length  and  1C0  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cnl. 


SHEET     IROIV     PIPE. 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Beale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ARPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

Standard  Bizes  of  railroad  Car  "Wheels,  with  special 
patterns  for  Mining  Curs .  These  small  wheels  are  made 
of  the  best  Car  Wheel  Iron,  properly  chilled,  and  can  be 
fitted  up  with  the  improved  axle  and  box — introdxiced  by 
this  company,  and  guaranteed  to  outlast  any  other 
wheels  made  in  this  State. 

B3"  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


I,  S.  VAN  WINKLE. 


O.  W.  DAVENPORT. 


VAN  "WTNEXE  &  DAVENPORT, 

IMPOBTEnS  AKD  DEALEBS   IN 

Iron,    Steel    and    Heavy 
Hardware, 

CUMBERLAND     COAL, 

Axles,    Springs,    Blacksmith.' s  Tools,   Etc., 

Removed  from  Sacramento  to 

Nos.  413  and  415  Market  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

21v24-ly 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 
K  O  I  H,  E  K,     MAKERS 

A\D  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  at,  between  Fremont  and  Beale,  Ean  Francisco. 


REMINGTON'S 

BREECH-LOADING 

Sporting,    Hunting,    and   Target    Rifles. 

Same  system  as  the  "  Remington"  Celebrated  Military 
Rifle,  of  which  over  half  a  million  have  been  sold.  Its 
simplicity  unsurpassed.  For  strength  and  durability 
unequalled.  Lu  accuracy  unrivalled.  In  range,  pene- 
tration, and  ease  of  manipulation,  without  comparison. 

The  "Sportsman's"  Delight,  tho  "Hunter'B"  Favorite, 
the  "  Target- Shoote i  's"  Pride.    Also 

REVOLVERS  FOR  HOUSE  USE. 

In  these  days  of  thieves  and  Burglaries,  every  house- 
holder should  have  a  revolver  for  home  protection. 
REMINGTON'S  RIFLE  CANE. 

Every  gentleman  should  have  one  for  protection 
against  dogs  and  rowdies,  and  for  field  use. 


19v21-Gm 


E.  REMINGTON  &  SONS, 

193  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


C  J.  COLLINS, 
H  A.  T  T  E  R, 

No.  321  Montgomery  street,  near  California  street, 
under  I.  O.  O.  F.  Hall. 


Masonic,  Army  and  Navy  Goods  a  Specialty. 
22v24-3m 


First  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y 
MICROSCOPES. 

Illustrated   Price   List   sent  free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   free. 

MCALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York 

3v23-ly 


Hydraulic    Miners,      Attention ! 


If  you  \vi*h  t.i  keep  op  with  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  *>r  a  DICTATOR.  The*e  are  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Patent,  and  infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  hv/m  to  suit.  Are  In  use  under 
all  pressures,  from  445  feet  down. 

WILL  DISCHARGE  FULLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  "WATER  than  any  other,  under-  the 
same  circumstances. 

An  injunction  from  tho  U.  S.  District  Court  (snow  in 
force  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  UBlng 
tin*  wirai:  will  I_m>  duly  pn^eriiU'il. 

I  fully  guarantee  nay  customers  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  k  CORY,  Marysvllle;  J.  H.  NASH.PIa- 
cerville;  F.  SMITH,  at  Locke  k  Montague's  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKXN,  Dutch  Flat,  Cal., 

Solo  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,  under  Allenwood's, 
Masey's,  Rice's,  Craig's,  and  HoBkin's  Patents. 
16v24tf 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 

MANDTACTTJllEns     OF 

U.     S.     STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 
IVORY    RULES. 


ALSO  EXCLUSIVE    MANUFACTUHEI1S   OF 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  the  Combination  Role,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  tho  very  beBt  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood, 
heavily  bound  with  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

The  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  be  tested  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  the  aid  of  a  small  screw-driver,  but 
this  is  seldom  required. 

In  its  application  as  a  Slope  Level  it  is  especially 
adapted  for  Winers'  use,  as  it  shows  the  pitch  to  this 
foot,  and  degree  of  inclination  at  once.  It  is  six 
inches  long  when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-eighths  inches  thick,  the  cut  being  just  one- 
fourth  size. 

*'  By  the  use  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  can  always  have  inhlspocket 
the  most  valuable  of  his  apparatus  used  in  construction, 
combined  in  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form." — Sci- 
entific American. 

Price  bo  mail,  prepaid,  $4.  For  agentB'  terms,  address 
STEPHENS    k    CO., 

18v24-3m  ltiverton,  Conn. 


Peteler    Portable    Railroad    Co. , 


OFFICE,  42  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 


By  this  invention,  one  man,  with  one  horse  and  live 
cars,  does  the  work  of  ten  men,  ten  horses  and  ton  carts. 


Highly  Approved  by  all  who  Use  Them. 
OARS    AND     TRACKS     FOR    SALE    OR    TO    LET. 
Samples  at  the  office.    Illustrated  Circulars  free. 

State  and  County  Rights  for  Sale. 

19v24eow3m 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped   Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Fiy.J        Fiy.2  FUj.3  Fiff.d- 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery- Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  DiamondB.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  17th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stump  to 

lv24-0m  J.  DICKINSON,  04  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


398 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  22,  1872. 


An  Inventor  Going  Eastward. 

Mr.  George  Pardy,  of  this  city,  well  known 
as  a  Mechanical  Engineer  and  Draughtsman, 
and  late  Secretary  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute, 
has  given  up  his  practice  as  Engineer  and  Pat- 
ent Solicitor,  and  gone  to  the  Eastern  States  to 
introduce  his  patented  system  for  detecting  spu- 
rious holders  of  non-transferable  admission 
tickets  to  various  kinds  of  audiences  and  enter 
tainments. 

His  system  of  making  characters  upon  the 
face  of  tickets  when  sold,  indicating  the  age, 
Light,  complexion,  hair,  whiskers,  etc.,  of  the 
purchaser,  is  a  very  simple  one,  and  so  conven- 
iently efficient,  that  some  §5,000  or  more  was 
saved  to  the  Mechanics'  Institute  of  this  city, 
by  its  use  in  one  season.  Over  $2,500  it  is  con- 
ceded, was  saved  by  the  use  of  Mr.  Pardy's 
patent  tickets  at  the  last  State  Fair.  Believing 
that  its  use  in  other  States  will  be  similarly  use- 
ful, we  hope  Mr.  Pardy  will  be  successful  in 
introducing  his  invention  in  the  East. 

"We  have  received  the  following  note  from  Mr. 
Pardy,  just  before  leaving,  on  Monday  last, 
with  the  request  that  we  should  state  that  his 
address,  for  the  present,  will  be  at  Harrisburg, 
Pa. 

San  Feancisco,  June  17th,  1872. 

Messes.  Dewey  &  Co.,  Gerdtemen: — I  have  to 
thank  you  for  kindly  consenting  to  adjust  what 
Patent  business  may  remain  unfinished  in  my 
handB,  at  date  of  my  departure  for  the  East.  I 
would  also  take  this  occasion  to  refer  my  late 
clients,  to  your  firm,  as  able  and  trustworthy 
solicitors,  fully  prepared  to  prosecute  Patent 
applications,  both  here  and  in  Europe. 

Very  truly  yours,  Geoege  Pardy. 


Fiees. — A  fire  started  at  2  o'clock  a.  m.  on 
the  13th  inst.  in  the  storehouse  of  the  Amador 
Mining  Co.,  Sutter  Creek,  which  totally  de- 
stroyed the  storehouse,  timber  house,  black- 
smith shop  and  hoisting  works  over  both  the 
north  and  middle  shafts,  and  thence  into  the 
mine  by  the  north  shaft,  the  same  which  was 
burned  out  by  the  fire  two  years  since.  For  a 
short  time  it  was  thought  that  the  fire  would 
get  into  the  lower  workiugs  but  by  well  directed 
efforts  it  was  extinguished.  The  Superinten- 
dent, Mr.  Steinberger  had  all  the  entrances  to 
the  mine  closed,  after  the  men  had  come  out  of 
the  south  shaft,  and  the  fire  was  checked,  only 
one  man  was  hurt  and  he  not  seriously.  The 
machinery  and  hoisting  apparatus  was  all  com- 
paratively new;  preparations  have  already  been 
made  to  have  the  mine  in  running  order  again 
immediately.  The  Amador  Dispatch  roughly 
estimates  the  loss  at  not  less  than  $100,000.  It 
is  not  known  at  the  present  writing  how  badly 
the  shaft  is  injured.  The  fire  is  said  to  have 
been  caused  by  some  one  going  into  the  store 
room  with  a  lighted  candle  and  letting  it  acci- 
dently  come  in  contact  with  a  Giant  Powder 
box. 

A  fire  broke  out  on  the  night  of  the  16th 
inst.  in  King's  Hotel,  Mineral  Hill,  Nevada, 
by  which  nearly  all  the  business  portion  of 
the  town  was  destroyed.  The  loss  was  quite 
heavy. 

The  Paul  Peooess. — ¥e  call  the  attention  of 
quartz  miners  to  the  statement,  in  our  adver- 
tising columns,  of  the  Superintendent  of  the 
Calaveras  Mining  Co.,  respecting  his  test  of  the 
Paul  Process.  The  result  is  reliable,  and  real- 
ly remarkable.  In  the  face  of  such  certificates 
as  Mr.  Paul  has  from  time  to  time  presented  to 
the  readers  of  the  Peess,  we  can  scarcely  doubt 
the  declarations  of  Paul's  ability  to  increase  the 
yield  of  our  California  gold  mines  from  50  to  100 
per  cent. 

New  Incorporations. 

.  The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Baltic  S.  M.  Co. — June  13.  Location  :  Ely 
District,  -Nevada.  Capital  Stock,  $2,000,000,  in 
20,000  shares.  Trustees— P.  J.White,  John  C 
Ballmger,  G.  Atkinson,  Douglas  "W.  Davies,  and 
Stephen  G.  Worden. 

VlCTOEIA  AMD  IMPEEIAL  TUNNEL  AND  M.  Co.  — 

June  13.  Location:  Little  Cottonwood  District, 
Utah.  Capital  Stock,  $3,000,000,  in  30,000 
shares.  Trustees  —  Charles  A.  "Washburn,  S. 
A.  Eaymond,  S.  A.  Coburn,  Jos.  B.  Bidleman, 
and  H.  G.  Livermore. 

San  Feancisco  Tunnel  and  M,  Co. — June 
17.  Location:  Eureka  District,  Nevada.  Capi- 
tal stock  $500,000,  in  50,000  shares.  Trustees- 
Homer  S.  King,  Henry  Epstein  and  S.  Heyden- 
feldt. 

McMahon  S.M.  Co.— June  18:  Schell  Creek 
District,  Nev.  Capital  stock,  $3,000,000, [in 
30,000  shares.  Trustees— O.  F.  Griffin,  G.  T. 
Lawton,  Coll.  Deane,  F.  E.  Hayes  and  J.  H. 
H.  Williams. 


Increase  of  Capital  Stock. 

The  Tecumseh  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.  have  filed  a 
certificate  of  increase  of  Capital  Stock  from 
$153,500,  in  614  shares  to  $3,000,000  in  $30,- 
000  shares. 

Julia  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.  filed  a  certificate  of 
increase  of  Capital  Stock  on  the  17th  from 
$1,000,000,  in  10,000  shares  to  $3,000,000  in 
30,000  shares. 

The  Adriatic  G.  and  S.  M.  Co.,  also  filed  a 
certificate  of  increase  of  Capital  Stock  on  the 
same  day,  to  $2,700,000  in  27,000  shares. 


Meetings  and  Elections. 

The  Ohio  Consolidated  Mining  Company 
have  elected  as  Trustees,  W.  G.  Wayman, 
(President),  J.  J.  Birge,  Benjamin  Dore,  D. 
McDonald  and  A.  Bateman;  W.  A.  Knapp  was 
elected  Secretary. 

The  Independent  Coal  Mining  Co.  met  on 
the  17th  inst.  and  elected  the  following  Trus- 
tees for  the  ensuing  year:  A.  Block,  S.  Steinert, 
H.  Levy,  H.  Epstein  and  E.  L.  Goldstein. 
The  Victoria  and  Imperial  Mining  Co.  Trustees 
have  elected  the  following  as  officers:  C.  A. 
Washburn,  President;  J.  B.  Bidleman,  Vice- 
President;  Wm.  H.  "Watson,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  S.  A.  Coburn  Superintendent. 

The  City  Bailroad  Company  have  elected  the 
following  Directors:  B.  B.  Woodward  (Presi- 
dent and  Treasurer),  A.  J.  Glading  (Vice-Pres- 
ident), M.  P.  Jones,  Jos.  H.  Moore,  Isaac 
Hyde,  E.  Dewitt  (Superintendent)  and  Rich- 
ard Kent,  M.  E.  Willis  was  elected  Secretary. 

The  Alpha  Consolidated  Mining  Company 
have  elected  the  following  Trustees:  J.  D.  Fry, 
W.  M.  Lent,  L.  Gerstle,  H.  C.  Kibbe  and  A,  K. 
P.  Harmon. 

The  Hidden  Treasure  Consolidated  Mining 
Company  have  elected  as  Trustees,  S.  Linkton, 
B.  F  Sherwood,  F.  G.  Smith.  J.  K,  S.  Latham 
and  M.  C.  Hillyer. 

The  Silver  Wave  Mining  Company  have 
elected  the  foUowing  Trustees:  J.E.Perkins 
(President),  S.  B.  Boswell,  L.A.  Booth,  Thos. 
Flint  and  W.  P.  Priohard;  J.  W.  Clark  was 
chosen  Secretary. 

Mining  Discoveries. — Rich  silver  mines  are 
reported  as  having  been  discovered  in  the  niad- 
ison  Range,  on  the  ridge  between  Elk  and  Cher- 
ry Creek,  Montana.  Some  of  the  ore  has  assay- 
ed about  $225  per  ton. 

The  Santa  Fe  Post  records  the  discovery  of 
extensive  deposits  of  coal]  on  the  pre-emption 
lands  of  Bencher  &  Co.,  in  the  vicinity  of  Gal- 
isteo,  about  20  miles  from  Sant  Fe\  It  is  a  bi- 
tuminous coal,  very  free  from  sulphur,  and  has 
been  sufficiently  tested  for  house  and  black- 
smith purposes,  to  prove  it  of  excellent  quality 
for  both  these  purposes. 

A  large  and  promising  vein  of  yellow  sul- 
phuret  and  carbonate  of  copper  ore  has  recent- 
ly been  discovered  about  5  miles  from  Canon 
City,  Colorado. 

Croppings  of  bituminous  coal  are  reported 
as  having  been  found  along  the  shore  of  the 
Golden  Gate,  between  Point  Bonita  and  Lime 
Point. 

Another  ledge  of  cinnabar  ore  has  been  found 
in  Sonoma  Co.,  Cal.,  about  four  miles  from  the 
Geysers,  in  the  same  range  of  mountains  in 
which  the  Knox  and  Bedington  mine,  in  Napa 
Co.,  is  located.  Prospecting  is  "lively  "  in  that 
locality. 


Mining  Sales. — A  dispatch  dated,  Eureka, 
June  17th,  says,  that  another  heavy  mining  sale 
to  English  capitalists  has  just  been  made.  The 
Bullwhacker,  Dunderberg,  Lord  Byron,  El  Do- 
rado, and  Tecoma,  are  among  the  mines  pur- 
chased. Extensive  reduction  works  are  to  be 
erected  by  the  company.  A  private  letter  from 
D.  Andrews,  Postmaster  at  Buel,  Elko  Co., 
Nev.,  informs  us  that  the  Tecoma,  mentioned 
above,  has  been  sold  to  W.  H.  Aspinwall,  and 
others  of  New  York,  for  $150,000.  We  presume 
he  refers  to  the  same  sale. 

The  Quincy  National  says,  that  Thos.  Bob- 
son  has  sold  a  one-sixteenth  interest  in  the 
Buckeye  claim  for  $2,500. 


A  Worthless  Patent  Made  Good. 


Dewaiy  &  Co.'s  "  Scientific  Press"  Patent  Agency.     ( 
Washington,  D.  C,  May  28,  1872.) 

Messes  Dewey  &  Co.— Gentlemen: — Weare  particularly 
pleased  to  announce  our  success,  to-day,  with  John  E. 
Ball's  reissue  "Elevator."  We  weut  over  the  case  care- 
fully, with  the  Examiner;  and  the  result  of  the  inter- 
view was,  the  case  passed  for  issue  without  altering  a 
word.  By  devoting  a  half  hour's  time  to  this  case,  and 
arguing  the  points  involved  with  the  Examiner,  we  have 
converted  what  was  a  worthless  patent  into  a  valuable 
one.    "We  congratulate  our  client.    Yours  truly, 

A.  H.  &  B.K.Evans. 

We  are  constantly  succeeding  with  cases  lite  the 
above,  originally  issued  through  other  agencies,  or 
takers  out  by  experienced  inventors  themselves. 

D.  &  Co. 


A  NEW  BOOK  ON  HINXNG. 
The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
"Various  Departments  of  Exploration.  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  640  Pages,  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S,  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
{in  coin) ;  in  leather,  $12.  Forwarded  by  mail,  in 
cloth,  $11.40,  currency;  in  leather,  $13.75.  Issued  and 
for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers  Scientific  Press,  S.  F. 


State  "University. — The  next  term  of  the  Prepara 
tory  Department  will  begin  April  20th,  1872. 

The  course  of  study  embraces  the  Ancient  and  the 
Modern  Languages  and  the  higher  Mathematics,  and  is 
specially  adapted  to  the  University  curriculum. 

Terms,  $12  a  term.  GEOEGE  TAIT,  Oakland. 

13v3bp-tf 

RICHARD  H.  BTTEL,  Consulting  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 
Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  I  refer  par- 
ticularly to  ProfeBSor  R.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 

junl5-3t 


THE  NEW  XT.  S.  MINING  LAWS. 

The  new  Laws  of  1872,  governing  the  location  and 
purchase  of  Placer  and  Quartz  Mines,  and  Agricultural 
Lauds  in  Mining  Districts,  of  the  U.  S.,  printed  in  cir- 
cular sheet,  for  sale  at  this  office.  Single  copies  10  cts. 
Usual  discount  to  the  trade. 


50  CENTS  A  COPY 

Will  be  paid  at  this  office  for  a  few  copies  of  the 
Soientipio  Peess  of  January  7, 1871.  Subscribers  hav- 
ing broken  files  on  hand  will  please  examine  and  see  if 
they  cannot  accommodate. 


Phxladeuhia  Agenot.— W.  H.  Daffin,  formerly  of 
San  Francisco,  is  our  correspondent  and  business  agent, 
Frankford,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


H.  Bablen  &  Bko.,  formerly  of  Havilah,  Kern  county, 
will  please  communicate  with  this  ofiice. 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 

If  you  want  pictures  or  fine  frames,  cheap,  send  to 
Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  31  Kearny  street,  S.  F.       18v24-3m 


BURLEIGH 


ROCK      DRILLS 


AIR     COMPRESSORS. 


The  Burleigh  Bock  Drills,  which  have  stood  the  test 
of  five  years  constant  use  at  the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  and 
which  are  now  in  use  in  nearly  every  State  iu  the 
Union,  as  well  as  in  Europe  and  South  America,  are  un- 
equalled in  efficiency  and  economy  by  any  other  Drill- 
ing Machine,  They  are  of  various  sizes,  and  equally 
well  adapted  to  Tunnelling,  Shafting,  Open  Cut  or 
Quarrying,  and  will  drill  six  to  ten  inches  per  minute 
in  granite.  They  are  driven  by  steam  above  ground, 
or  compressed  air  when  under  ground.  The  Burleigh 
Air  Compressor  is  the  best  engine  yet  devised  for  fur- 
nishing the  "air  motor"  for  the  many  purposes  to 
which  it  is  now  being  applied. 

Send  for  illustrated  pamphlet  to 

BURLEIGH  ROCK   DRILL   CO., 

FITCHBTmS,  MASS. 
25v2i-6m 


IMPROVED 

DOUBLE     SURFACEB. 


E.    &    F.    GLEAS0N, 

HAHOi'ACTUKEBS   OF  IMPROVED  WOOD  TOOLS, 

No.   27  Haydoek  Street, 
25V24COW  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Peice  Peh  Copy..  15  Cents  |  Annual Subschtpticn . . $10 

SAN    FRANCISCO~~ NEWS    LETTER 

AND  CALIFORNIA  ADVERTISER. 

Devoted  to  the  Leading  Interests    of  California  and  the  Pacijic 

Coast. 

The  News  Letteb  is  the  most  reliable  organ  representing 
the  moneyed  and  substantial  interests  of  the  City  and 
State;  its  Banking,  Real  Estate,  Commerce,  Insurance, 
Mining  and  other  Stocks.  It  reflects  the  times  as  they 
pass ;  men,  manners,  literature,  theatricals  and  follies.  It 
is  piquant  and  pungent  by  turns — wise,  witty,  grave,  gay, 
lively  and  severe;  the  mentor,  whip  and  mirror  of  the 
town.  Sold  by  all  Booksellers  and  News  Agents  through- 
out the  world. 

Office— 613    Montgomery    street,    opposite   Montgomery 
Block.     Also,  Offices  of  the  "China  Mail,"  "  Mail  Bag, 
"  City  Index  and  Purchaser's  Guide,"  etc.  18v24-tf 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E.f  S" 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  ASSAYER,  AND  METALLURGIST,       ^' 
423  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  cq 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  -H 
lurgists"  Companion."  (The  very  Comprehensive  S3 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  JE 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "  Prospector's  Wee  Pet  3* 
Assaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  r* 


The  attention  of  Teamsters,  Contractors  and  others 
is  caRed  to  the  very  superior  AXLE  GREASE  manufacl 
tured  by 

HUCKS    &    LAMBERT. 

The  experience  of  over  twenty  yeabs,  specially  de- 
voted  to  the  preparation  of  thiB  article,  has  enabled  the 
proprietors  to  effect  a  combination  of  lubricants  calcu- 
lated to  reduce  the  friction  on  axles,  and  thus 

Relieve  the  Draft  of  the  Team, 

Far  beyond  the  reach  of  any  who  have  but  recently 
gone  into  the  business;  and  as  the  H  &  L  AXLE 
GREASE  can  be  obtained  by  consumers  at  as 

LOW    A    BATE 
As  any  of  the  inferior  compaunds  now  being  forced 
upon  the  market  by  unprincipled  imitators,  who  deceive 
and  defraud  the  consumer. 

HUCKS  &  LAMBERT 
Invite  all  who  desire  a  First-class  and  Entirely  Reliable 
Article,  and  which  for  Over  18  Years  in  this  country  has 
given  such  general  satisfaction,  to  ask  for  the  H  & 
LAXLE  GREASE.  See  that  the  trade  mark  H  &  I, 
is  on  the  red  cover  of  the  package,  and  take  no  other. 
3v24-eowr 


it 


Clear    as    Crystal." 


PEBBLES  ARE  MADE  from  Rock  Crystal  cut 
in  slices  and  ground  convex,  concave  or  periscopio,  for 
Spectacles.  In  Europe  and  in  the  Eastern  States  they 
are  superceding  glass. 

Among  the  advantages  they  have  over  glass  are,  that 
being  susceptible  of  the  HIGHEST  POLISH,  they  trans- 
mit more  rays  of  light,  nothing  having  more  transpa- 
rency. 

They  are  COOLER  to  the  Eyes— a  very  important  gain. 

They  are  much  harder  than  glass,  and  DO  NOT 
SCRATCH. 

The  best  quality  of  Crystal  is  found  in  Scotland  and 
the  BrazilB,  and  is  manufactured  into  lenses  by  the  best 
workmen  in  England  and  France,  for 

Thomas   Houseworth   &    Co., 

OPTIC  I  ANS, 
No.  9  Montgomery  street,  Lick  House, 

Where  they  can  be  obtained,  already  fitted,  in  frames, 
or  may  be  fitted  to  order. 
Persons  sending  their  Spectacles  can  have  Pebbles 
inserted  of  the  same  grade  as  their  glasses. 

Hlustrated  Circular  for  style  of  frames  Bent  to  any  ad- 
dress free, 
flsy  Pebbles  sold  as  such  by  us,  are  Warranted. 
15v3awbp3m 


"STAR"  CANDLES. 


MINERS  AND  TUNNEL  MEN  are  reminded  that  we 
are  in  constant  supply  of  the  old  and  popular  brand  of 

PROCTER  &  GAMBLE'S 
Cincinnati  "Star"  Adamantine  Candles,  the 
best  and  cheapest  in  the  market,  affording  the  most 
light  fob  the  least  monet,  and  in  every  particular  sus- 
taining their  reputation  as  the  leading  candle  of  the  U. 
S.    For  sale  in  lots  to  suit  by 

ROSS,  DEMPSTED  &  CO., 
25v26-3m  105  and  107  California  St. ,  S.  F. 


WARNER  &  SILSBY 

Manufacture  all  sizes  of 

Bed  and  Sofa    Springs, 

Which  they  offer  to  the  trade  at 
reduced  prices;  also  the  rele- 
brated  Obermann  Self- 
Fastening     Bed     Spring-. 

Any  man  can  make  his  own  Spring  Bed  with  them 
by  attaching  them  to  the  slats  of  any  bedBtead. 

643  Mission  Street,  above  New  Montgomery,  San 
Francisco.  23v3-Gmbp 


stSs'  Mining  Tools 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBINE  WATER  WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-Saving  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stoek  of  En- 
gineers', Miners',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 
Mill  Supplies. 

TREABWELL    &    CO., 
At  the      \     Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Sts., 
Old  Stand,  J  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

12v24 


The  Pacific  Glue  Manufacturing  Co. 

MANUFACTUEEBS,  IMPOBTEKS  AND  DEALEB8  IN 

G^CTTE,    CURLED    HAIR, 

—  AND  — 

NEATS-EOOT   OIL. 

Store 408  Market  Street, 

Between  Battery  and  Sansome,  San  Francisco. 
2iv2-l-3m 


CAUTION. 

Betts's     Patent      Capsules. 

The    public    are   respectfully  cautioned    that    BETTS'S 

Patent  OapBules  are  being  Inringed 
BETT&S  name    ix    upon    every  Capsule  he  mojcea  for  the  lead- 
ing Merchants  at   home  and  abroad, 
,and  he  is  the  ONLY  INVENTOR  and  SOLE  MAKER  in 

the  United  Kingdom. 
Mancfactobies:— 1,  Whabf-boad,   Crrr-BOAD,  London, 

AND    BOBDEAUX.    FBANOE. 


Pubohasebs  please  say  advertised  in  Scientific  I 


June  22,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


397 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


0*0*4  to  th*  Hmt  netettary  to  mail  (A#  pr«—mt  Uirgr  tttitin*  of  the 
Seientifi--  Pro*  **  ar*  o/Jigftt  to  go  to  prei*  on  Thvr+Lty  trm. 
ing—Khicli  u  du  c«ry  laitM  komr  tM  can  racar«  adMrtiatmmiU. 


Alleghany  Consolidated  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany.— Location  of  Workit:  Alleghany,  Sierra  County, 
Cal. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  tho  following  de- 
acril»*l  stock,  ou  account  of  »t»**.-h"m<_'iit  (Wo.  11) 
levied  on  tb<-  twenty-sixth  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1878,  Uu 
teveral  amount*  **t  opposite  the  names  of  the  reapec- 
tlvo  sharvholdcni  ait  follows  : 
Names.  No  Certificate.     No.  fluarea.        Ain't. 

J.J.  Roche 4  15  $    3.00 

Geo.  Treat M  5U0  100.00 

Geo.  Tnat W  85  7 ,00 

And  In  accordance  with   law,  and  an  order  of  the 

Board  of    Trustees,  made  on  the  'Jdth  day  ol    April, 

-  1872,  »o  many  share*  of  each  parcel  of  Mild  nook  »•>  may 

iry,  will  be  bold  at  public   auction  at  the  office 

mpuiy,  Botttn  a".  Hen  Merchants'    Excbuuge, 

California  *tre.-t.  San  Francisco,  California,  uu  the  Mtfa 

day  of  June,  1*72,  at  the  hour  of  12  o'clock  it.,  of  said 

day,  to  pay  "aid  delinquent  UMmunl  ItunOD,  together 

with   costs   of   advertising  and  expend*  of  hale. 

J.  M.  BDTFlNGTON,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  37,  New    Msrchuita'  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Lallfurnla. June  8 — 3t 

Eagle   Quicksilver  Mining  Company— Lo- 

cation  of  works,  SanU  Barbara  County,  California. 

Holloa  ll  I  "to by  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Tru.M''t-  of  said  company,  held  on  the  nth  day  of  May. 
ISti.  an  aioetsment  of  $*J  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
^aid  company,  payable  immediately  in  gold  coin 
of  the  United  States,  to  tbe  Secretary  at  his  affiioe,  room 
6,  No.  30"J  Munlgumury  street,  San  Francisco.  California. 

Any  Hbaren  upon  which  taid  asse»niiifiit  shall  remain  «n- 
paiii,  on  Thursday,  July  1 1th,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin 
i|u<T)t.  and  will  be  duly  advertised  on  Saturday,  July  13th. 
l«?i,  for  sale  at  public  suction,  and  unless  payment  tiholl  be 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  15th  day  of  July, 
la"-',  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  corns 
of  advertising  and  expense*  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of   l  rostees,  WsL  B.  WATSON.  Secretary. 

Ofllce— Room  5.  No.  302  Montgomery  street,  San  Francis- 
co California. naa.ll. 


a.  a, 


TREAD  WELL   & 
8a.n  Filancisco, 
the  only  Agents  for  Sale  of  those 
Engines  In  tbe  Pacific  States. 


CO.. 


Excelsior  Mill  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Copo  Mining  District,  Elko  county.  State  of 

Nevada. 

Notice  la  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  20th  day  of  June, 
a.  d.,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Two  Dollars  per  share  was 
Unlod  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable 
Immediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary, 
at  the  office  of  the  company,  No,  415  Montgomery  street, 
San  Francisco,  California.  Any  stock  upon  which  said 
assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Saturday,  the  27th  day 
of  July,  a.  d.,  1U72,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  Bhall  bo  made  before,  will  be  sold  on 
Monday,  the  19th  day  of  August,  a.  d.,  1872,  to  pay  the 
delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertis- 
ing and  expense*  of  sale.    FRANK  SWIFT,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  415  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Jim22-3t  

Hudson  Gold  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Cherokee  Mining  District,  Plumas  county, 

State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  a  moeting  of  the  Trustees 
of  said  Company,  held  on  the  18th  day  of  June,  a.  d., 
1872,  an  aaseosment  of  Ten  CentB  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  tbe  company,  No.  411  California  street.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  Saturday,  the  27th  day  of  July,  a.  d.,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  be- 
fore, will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  17th  day  of  August, 
a.  d.,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

J.  L.  KING,  Secretary. 

Office,  411  California  street. 

Jun22-3t 


99 


THE    HOADLEY 


Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  Maynard  Mining  District,  Mohave 
Connty,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  mooting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  aaid  company,  held  ou  the  18th  day  of  May,  1812, 
an  assessment  of  Ten  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immediately,  in 
t'uited  StateB  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
company.  Room  3,  No.  41 »  California  street,  San  Francisco. 
Calitornia.  Any  stock  upon  which  »aid  assessment  shall 
remain  unpaid  on  Monday,  the  24th  day  of  June,  1872, 
shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made 
before,  will  bo  sold  on  Monday,  the  15th  day  of  J  uly,  1872,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  tbe  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  T.  W.  COLBURN,  Secretory. 

Office,  Room  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Francisco, 
California my25-td 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location   of 

Works,  Auburn  Mining  District,  Placer  County,  Cal. 

There  are  delinquent  upon  the  fol  owing  described 
stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  May  8th,  1872, 
the  several  amounts  Bet  oppoBite  the  names  of  the  re- 
spective  shareholders,  as  follows: 

Name.                No.  Certificate.  Shares.    Amount. 

Slosson.R.D 7  650  $110 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  nn  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  8th  day  of  May,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  Btock,  aB  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  320  California  street,  room  No.  5,  San 
FranciBCO,  California,  on  Monday,  the  first  day  of  July, 
1872,  at  two  o'clock,  p.  m.,  of  that  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent assessments  thereon,  together  with  cost  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  Bale. 

Junl5-3t  GEO.  R.  SPINNEY,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  June  13.  1872. 

"Pacific  Ramie  Company"— Notice  Is 

hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  TruBteeB 
of  said  company,  held  on  the  11th  day  of  June,  a.  d., 
1872,  an  assessment  of  Twenty  Cents  per  share  waB  levied 
upon  the  capital  Btock  of  said  Company,  payable  im- 
mediately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at 
Mb  office,  No.  214  Battery  street,  San  FranciBCO,  Cal. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  aeseBBment  shall '  emain  un- 
paid on  the  13th  day  of  July,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  de- 
linquent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  Bhall  be  made  before,  will 
be  sold  on  Thursday,  August  9th,  1872,  to  pay  ihe  delin- 
quent assessment,  together  with  costa  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  Bale.  THOS.  R.  HAYES,  Secretary. 
jun22-td 


Is  the  perfection  of  the  Portable  Engine.  They  are 
known  throughout  tbe  Pacific  Stales,  and  are  justk 
noted  for  their  Efficiency  ami  Perfect  Workmanship'. 
We  have  them  with  and  without  wheels,  and  take 
'  "iJuiKudlng  them  as 

Threshing  Engines, 

In  which  field  they  have  long  led  all  others— and 
lor  gaunt]  DM,  Beware  of  Cheap-made  Imitations, 
with  their  boilers  Imperfectly  stayed,  and  made  of 
Beoond  quality  mat.  rial.  Better  take  a  "  HOAD- 
LEV"  at  double  the  price,  and  know  your  Life  and 
Property  are  Becure.  No  man  who  values  either, 
can  afford  to  buy  any  other,  as  hundreds  can  testify 
throughout  California.  Ask  any  man  who  has  a 
Hoadley  Eugiue.  what  he  thinks  of  It. 

Address 
FROM    3    TO   40    HORSE    POWER. 

TIfcEAOWELL      «&      CO., 

25v2G-eow  Market,  Head  of  Front  Street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Stockholders'     Meeting— Office    of    the 

Hardy  «'-oal  Mining  Company,  San  Francisco,  June  4, 1872 
In  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Hardy  Coal  Mining  Company,  held  this 
day,  a  special  meeting  of  the  stockholders  oi  said  company 
Is  hereby  called,  the  same  to  be  held  at  the  office  01  the 
comuany,  338  Montgomery  slreet,  San  Francisco,  Califor- 
nia, on  TneBday,  the  9th  day  of  July,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m.  ,  to 
take  pito  consideration  and  deoide  upon  the  proposition 
to  increase  the  capital  stock  of  the  sad  company,  from 
two  hundred  thousand  do|lars,  djvided  into  lour  hundred 
shares  of  five  hundred  collars  each,  the  present  capital 
stock  of  the  company,  to  five  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
divided  into  five  thousand  shares  of  one  hundred  dollars 
each.  I.  BARTLETT,  1 

EuWAUD  McLEAN,  '/Trustees 
JACOB  HARDY,         J 


ANOTHER     MILL 


The  jPaial  Process 

UNBIVALLEDi 

A    Square,   Practical   Test. 
The   Process  more   than    Doubles  the    Yield ! 

$58.44  per  ton  by  the  Paul  Process; 
$23.33  per  ton  by  the  old  way. 

YIELD    IN    GROSS: 

$1,139.70— from  19^  Tons  by  Paul  Process. 
420.21— from  18      Tons  by  Old  Way. 

If  20  Tons  can  be  "Worked,  -why  cannot  20,000  Tons  ? 

The  long  sought-for  Secret  discovered  and  secured  by 
Five  Letters  Patent. 


Bead    the    folio-wing; : 

Calavebas  Gold  Mine,  "Washington  Mining  District,         ) 
Calaveras  County,  California,  June  13,  1872.  f 
Almabin  B.  Paul: — Dear  Sir:    The  result  of  working  19%  tons  of  our 
nre  by  your  Process  was  at  the  rate  of  $58.44  per  ton.    A  similar  quantity  of 
same  ore,  worked  by  the  wet  battery,  as  a  test,  gave  only  at  the  rate  of  $23.33 
per  ton. 

I  will  here  add  that  I  entertain  no  doubt  of  your  Process  saving  at  least 
50  per  cent,  more  than  battery  working  on  ant/  ore,  and  in  sulphureted  ores 
n  much  higher  percentage.    Yours  respectfully, 

TO.  M.  DONNELL, 
Superintendent  Calaveras  Gold  Mining  Co. 

The  Paul  Peocess, — As  long  as  ores  have  been  worked,  a  great  loss,  it 
is  admitted,  still  occurs  in  the  present  mode  of  reduction;  and  if  Mr.  Paul 
has  found  the  philosopher's  stone  for  saving  it — and  it  really  looks  as  though 
he  had— it  will  open  a  bright  future  for  the  Pacific  States,  and  inaugurate  a 
new  era  in  mining  throughout  the  world.  Not  only  is  the  Process  new,  but 
most  of  the  machinery  adapted  to  it  invented  and  patented  by  Mr.  Paul.  The 
Process  possesses  the  remarkable  quality  of  being  adapted  to  both  silver  and 
gold;  it  is  said  to  be  less  expensive  than  pan  working,  and  but  a  trifle  more 
expensive  than  our  present  system,  as  used  in  California. — S-.  F.  Chronicle. 

TO    THE  MINING    INTEREST. 

I  offer  my  services  to  the  mining  community  for  the  overcoming,  by  my 
Process,  of  all  difficulties  connected  with  the  amalgamation  of  a  high  percent- 
age of  the  precious  metals  from  milling  ores,  and  assert  my  ability  to  increase 
the  yield  of  California  gold  mills  from  50  to  100  per  cent,  above  that  now  ob- 
tained by  Battery,  Copper-plate  and  Blanket  working— the  finer  the  gold, 
the  higher  the  per  cent,  produced — and  in  pan  working  on  silver  ores  (unroast- 
ed)  from  20  to  200  per  cent.,  according  to  combination  of  metals,  and  in  no 
case  have  bullion  less  than  950  fine. 

The  Process  and  machinery  is  plain  and  practical,  and  appeals  to  the 
common  sense  of  experienced  miners. 

I  offer  it  at  reasonable  prices,  having  a  desire  to  make  it  a  public  benefit, 
as  well  as  an  individual  one.  Pamphlets  can  be  had,  free  of  expense,  on  re- 
ceipt of  address,  or  application  to 

ALMARIN    B.    PAUL, 

318  California  St.,  Room  No.  1, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Woodland    Gold    Mining    Company— Lo- 

catioo  of  works.  West  Point  Mining  District,  (Jalaverns 

»'ounty,  California. 

Nutir,  11  lu-ri'liy  civen,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
TniBteee  of  said  conij>aDy.  held  on  the  3Ut  day  of  May.  <8?2, 
an  asvei'Sinrnt  of  12S  cento  per  sharw  wis  levied  upon  the 
capital  Mock  of  said  company,  payable  immediately,  in 
Bolted  Mates  cold  coin,  to  tho  Secretary,  at  the  office  of 
the,  o  unpaov,  Boom  84.  Herouxttt'  Bxohism,  ("'alifornia 
•treat,  Sm  Fram-isco  California.  Any  stock  ui>on  which 
-  :    1   ti   ->-    n.Mtif    -hall  remain   unpaid  on  the  25th  du  of 

duly 


Jo.De,  tfiTL  nhall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  he  duly 
li  :it  pnbllfl  auction,  and  unless  paymeut 
-lull  be.  Ruuto  before,  «  ill  he  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  16th  day 
of  July,  1 M 7 L* .  to  pay  tin-  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costa  of  ad f erasing  and  eijieusrs  of  Mile.  By  order  of 
the  Board  of  Tnuteei  F.  MADGK.  Secretary. 

Offloa,   No.   t>)    Mi'i-chanta"   Exchange,  California  street. 
San  Francisco.  California  may26-td 


I  in  i  >o  1*1  sin  t     to    Miiit'i-x. 

FREY'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'     Under    Current     and     Sluices, 

For  Saving  Fuie  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver. 

For  particulars  addreea 
^VA'X-.biltS-*  &  C-'O.,  ANNayern,  Afl;entM, 

NO.  61  J  STREET.  SACRAMENTO. 


Endless    Chain    Elevator, 

FOR   RAISING   WATER    FROM   WELLS. 

BALL  &  CRAEY,  Patentees. 


STURTEVANT'S 

PRESSURE     BLOWERS, 

For    Cupola,     Furnaces,     Forges,    Etc. 

Ventilating  Mines,  Carrying  off  Dirt,  Etc. 
Send  for  Circular  Price  Li6t. 


m*         TEEADWELL    <Sc    CO., 


Selling   Agents, 


MARKET,  HEAD  OF  FRONT  STREET, 


Tho  inventor  claims  that  hia  ELEVATOR  excels  any 
other  apparatus  that  has  ever  been  brought  before  the 
public  for  the  purpose  of  raising  water  from  wells.  Its 
chief  merits  are:  First— The  water  is  obtained  from  the 
well  in  a  purer  and  colder  state,  for  the  reason  that  it  is 
drawn  from  near  the  bottom.  Second— It  is  operated  with 
the  least  difficulty,  particularly  in  lifting  a  certain  amount 
of  water  from  any  depth  in  a  given  time,  as  compared  with 
any  other  mode.  Third— It  obviates  all  necessity  for  going 
down  into  the  well  in  putting  in  the  machinery,  or  for  re- 
pairing the  same,  as  such  labor  can  be  performed  at  tbe 
surface.  Fourth— It  can  be  easily  taken  out  of  one  well 
and  transferred  to  another.  Fifth— It  is  leBS  liable  to  got 
out  of  repair— but  when  repairs  are  necessary  thev  can  be 
easilymadeby  any  one;  the  action  made  by  the  Endless 
Chain  and  buckets  keeps  the  well  properly  ventilated : 
there  is  no  possibility  for  the  person  operating  it  [nor  for  a 
chim]  to  fall  into  the  well. 

For  circulars  and  particulars  address 


20v24awbplm 


JOHN  A.  BALL. 

Grass  Valley,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal. 


SAN  FRANCISCO 


FOR    SALE. 
A    10-STAMP    QUARTZ    MILL, 

Known  as  tne  Montezuma  Mill,  in  Monte- 
zuma District,  Nye  County,  Nevada. 

All  iu  running  order,  with  Pans,  Belting,  Furnaces, 
etc.  In  a  Rood  locality  for  custom  work.  The  mill  can 
remain  or  be  removed. 


THIS  PROPERTY  CAN  BE  BOUGHT  AT 
A  LOW  FIGURE. 

Inquire  of  R.  T.  VAN  NORDEN, 

GOT  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 

•£iv2i-tt 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.     Address 
6-v24-sa 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellingp, Mills  .Bridg- 
es, or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 

Hggjlj,  the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure    good    satisfac- 

EDW.    W.    TIFFT, 
Nn.  62G  Jessie  street,  Ban  FranciBCO 


For 

Steam  Pipes 

&  Boilers 


HairFelting 


SAVES  25  PER,  CENT.  OF  FUEL— An  item  worth 
looking  ufter.  Also,  Steam  Governors,  Tube  Scrapers, 
Steam  Pumps,  Self-Oilers,  Cylinder  CupB,  Belting, 
Lacing,  Hose,  Fuse,  Packing,  etc.,  including  all  kindB 
Miners',  Engineers'  and  Millmen'B  Supplies,  at  the  Ma- 
chinery and  Supply  Depot  of  TREAD"WELL  &  CO.;  old 
stand,  Market  street,  head  of  Front,  San  Francisco. 
13v24eow 


81,000: 


TtEWATtl} !  For  any  case  of 
Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
Pilea  that  Be  JESixi^'H  JPI1« 
Remedy  fails  to  cure.  It  is  pre- 
pared expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing  else.  Sold  by 
all  Druggists.    Price  $1.00. 

0.  F.  Richabds  A  Oo.,  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  Sansome 
streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


I     Ptjbobasebs  please  aay  advertised  In  Scientific  Press. 


398 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  22,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

ESTABLISHED    18(51. 

PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  sti'eetSi 

SAM  FRAN0IS0O 

IBA    P.   KANKIjr,  A.  P.  BBATTOH, 

«  EO.  W.  FOfiO,  Superintendent. 

^teamEngiues  and.  Boilers, 

MAK1NE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS   CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  other  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  us  at  the  lowest 
srices,  and  of  the  best  quality. 

fi£7"  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
Stpairs. 

N.  B.— Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HUNTOON'S  OELE- 
BKATED  PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-3m  OODDARD  &  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Works. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

JJ.ANUF.ACTUIIKRH    OF 

&*X'2£AB£    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Flour    and    ©aw   Mills, 

Hayes'  Improved   Steam  Pomp,  Brodle'a  Im- 
proved     Crasher,      AH  ulna     Fninpi, 
Amalgamators  t  and  all  kinds 
of  Machinery. 

E.  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How* 
street,  San  Francisco.  8-qy 


G-EORGE    T.    PRACT, 

MACH  INE       WORKS, 

109   and   111    Mission  Street, 
.BAN  FRANCISCO. 

These  Worts  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say: — 

STEAM     ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    MACHINERY 
^Printing    Presses, 

AND  MACHINERY  MADE  OF  EVERT  DESOKIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  uneqnaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  seen  at  HAWLEY  Js  CO.'S. 

ALSO,   MANUPAOXOnEli   AND   SOLE   AGENT  FOB 

Pracy's     Otileloratecl    Govemor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
iv23tf 


UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento, 
WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MAMDFAOTUREltS  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BdlLEEB, 

CBOS8»  PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

Vnubar'i  Patent  Self-Adl listing  Steam  Piston 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  all  kinds  of  Mining  Machinery. 

Front  Street,  between  Si  and  O  streets, 

fUflRAUKHTO  OlTT 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill   Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manufacture  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 
Every  "Variety  of  S$Ti  acting;, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 

Hteamboat    Shafts,  Oranka,    Piston    and    Con- 

neetlng  J£ods,Cnr  and  locomotive  Axles 

and    Frames 

—  ALSO  — 

HAJMCMLERJEO      IRON 

Of  every  description  and  size. 
>»-  Orders  addressed  to     PACIFIC    ROLLING     MILL 
J  JMPANY  Post  oiuce,  San  Francisco,  CaL.wlIl      ceive 
,rompt  attention 

«S"  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vl*3m 


ROOT'S   PATENT  FORCE   BLAST    ROTARY   BLOWER, 


MANUFACTUBED  AT  THE 


[End  Sectional  view  showing  the  pistons  and  gearing 


GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 

Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded   the  First   Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  186G;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Eequires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 

in  use. 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gor- 
ratt  &  Co.'s  Brass  Foun- 
dry, SanFra'ncisco;  Gould 
&  Curry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C. 
P.  R.  R.  Co.'s  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  thegenuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  Mill,  Iron{ 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Ho r s e-P ower  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 
For  Circulars  and  further  information,  Address 

*ml  GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 

STEAM    FITJVIPSS. 

PICEERLNO'S 

Eug-Iiie    Regulators. 

GLEFARD'S 

INJECTOBS. 

BARTOL'S 

steam:  trap. 

Surface   Condensers. 

davkTstoddart, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  P. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

{The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast). 

Cor.    3Tirst    ami    Mission    St  s.« 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Eepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 

patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 

with  Hair  Cloth.    Also  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 

Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MABBLE    MACHINERY 
For  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  sizs. 

Irrigating-   Pumps.     Steam   Pumps, 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.  BOOTH.  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT.  IRVING M.  SCOTT 
4v24-lyslamr 


OSCAR  LEWIS. 


S.  S.  MOBRILL. 


CITY    IRON    WORKS, 

28  Fremont  street SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LEWIS    &    MORRILL, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of  Architectural 

and   Ornamental   Iron   "Work, 

Laundry  Machinery,  Steam  Engines,  Etc. 

Agricultural  Work  and  all  kinds  of  Blacksmi thing 

and  Jobbing  done  with  promptness  and  at  reasonable 

prices.    Orders  from  the  country  promptly  executed. 

22v24-3m 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

P.  I.  CURRY  date  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  "Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 

BOLE 
Manufacturers  of  the 

OELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
All  kinds  of 

JOBBING- 

and 

Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 

to. 


THE    IfcliSDOjy 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 

Comer  of  Beale  and  Howm.l  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  (Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure) .  All  Kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappots,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

lYlne'ctorm: 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLaue, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MfiAD Secretary. 

24vL7-qy 


OCCIDENTAL  foundry, 

137  and  139  First  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &"BOLAND, 

IRON    FOUNDERS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attention  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  ShoeB  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 


Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine    Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsoin,  San  Francisco. 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 

W©  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Scheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILLE   FOUNDRY. 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfinly  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
5v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


SAJS    FRANCISCO 

SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANUTAOTURERS   OF  ALL  KINDS   OW 

Machine   Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and   Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 
EUREKA.      FOUNDRY, 


LISnT  ANB  HE1TT  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 

FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridge  ton,   N.  J. 

PRESSES,    DIES  and  all  FRUIT    CANNERS    TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-lb.  Can  Press  for  $C5;    Eotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $15,  etc.  13v24-13t 


Machinery. 


N.  Seibert's  Eureka  Lubricators. 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  135  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  PRANCISOO. 

All  kihds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt  Mora 
Jastings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes,  Sheathing 
Sails,  Kudder  Braces,  Hingcs,Shlp  and  Steamboat  Bells  ana 
liongsof  superior  tone.  All  klndsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 
lraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 
tions  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished  with  dispatch 
J®-  PRICES  MODERATE.  ,ffi» 
J.   H.  WEED"  V.  K1NGWELL. 


THE  HIGHEST  PREMIUM 
Awarded  by  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  San  Fran- 
oisco,  and  State  Fair,  Sacramento,  1871. 
These  Lubricators  are  acknowledged  hy  all  engineers 
to  bo  superior  to  any  they  have  ever  used;  feed  con- 
stantly by  pressure  of  condensed  water,  supplied  by 
pipe  A,  regulated  under  the  oil  by  valve  J,  and  forced 
out  through  check  valve  and  pipe  E  into  (he  steam  pipe 
C;  it  then  becomes  greasy  Bteam,  passes  to  all  the 
valves  and  cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  engine;  glass 
tube  I  indicates  amount  used  per  hour.  Packing  on 
rodn  and  stems  lasts  longer,  and  the  rings  on  the  piston 
will  not  corrode.  One  pint  of  oil  will  last  from  three 
to  six  days,  according  to  speed  and  size  of  engine;  T, 
sliding  gauge;  K,  valve  to  shut  off  when  engine  stopps; 
H,  F,  valves  to  shut  off  in  case  of  frost;  steam  does  not 
enterthecup;  it  is  always  cool;  warranted  to  give  satis- 
faction. Patented  February  14, 1871.  Manufacturedby 
California  Brass  Works,  126  First  street,  S.  F.      24v23tf 


June  22,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


399 


PACIFIC      BRIDGE      COMPANY, 


WORKS    NEAR    SOUTH    POrNT    KILL.    BERRY    STREET,    SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

Are  Prepared,  with  Superior  Machinery,  to  Manufacture  and  Build  all  kinds  of  Bridges  on  Smith's,  Howe's,  and  other  Improved 

Plans.     Framing  of  all  kinds  done  by  Machinery. 

Tln>  Smith  Bruises  huvo  been  thoroughly  tested  in  the  East  for  Three  Years,  anil  wherever  tried  have  proved  superior  to  any  other 
lirid^.-  in  the  following  points  : 

li'  in;,'  built  of  wood  entirely,  they  are  not  affected  by  change  of  temperature. 

The  timber  used  is  placed  so  directly  in  the  lino  of  strain,  that  less  material  is  required  to  support  the  same  load. 

It  is  m.t  jure,  ptilily  uu'cctcd  by  shrinkage.    It  is  the  most  Economical  Bridge  built.     It  is  adapted  to  nny  practicable  Length  of  SrAN. 

Plans,  Specifications  and  Terms  will  be  sent  to  any  County,  Township  or  Person  wishing  to  build  a  Bridge,  and  no  charge  made  unless  the 
Plan  is  used.     For  all  Public  Bridges  the  Plan  will  always  be  open  to  competition. 

Smith's  celebrated  CAST  IRON  PIER,  economical,  and  adapted  to  heavy  cun 


C.  H.  GORRILL,  Secretary. 


heavy  currents:,  built  at  low  rates. 

W.    H.    GOREILL,    President. 


THEODORE   KALLENBERG, 
MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Dies, 

8tompB  and  Punches  made.    Aleo,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  In  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  P.        lUv23-Um 


WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING-    WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  FulBom, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    OAT*. 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriago  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  tho  International  Exhi 
hibitlon  of  1862  aw>rdcd  the  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold 
Medal  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San 
Francisco. 

REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  aud  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  tho  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bush,  where  they  will  beep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  6v24-3amslamrly 


Huntington's   Improved   Shingle   Machine. 

PATENTED    BECEMBEB    T,    1STO. 


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9 

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$ 

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These  Machines  are  in  use  at  the  Mills  owned  by  tho  following  parlies:    Macphevson   &  Wethcrbee,  San 
Francisco;    Pope  &  Talbot,  San  Francisco;   Hanson  &  Co.,  Redwood  City;    Rico  k  Haliburton,  Woodside;    S.  P. 
Pilaris,  Woodside;  Harrington  &  Co.,  Pescadero;  Burch  h  Co.,  Pescadero;  A.  Saunders,  Point  Arena. 
Steam  Engines,  Sawmills,  Planing,  Lath  and  Picket  Machines,  etc.,  made  to  order,  at  short  notice. 
3v24-lam-Gm  E.  A.  HUNTING-TON,  18  and  20  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


NELSON    &-  DOBLE, 


AGENTS  FOR 


Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Sled  Be*,  H11  mmer-H,  Stone 
Cutter**,  lSluckamlthV        Wl 
aud  Horse-Shoe r»* 
Tool*. 

la  and  15  Fremont  street,  near  Market,  San  Francisco. 


QUICKSILVER. 


QUICKSILVER    FOR    SALE,     IN    LOTS    TO     SUIT 

—  BY — 

C.    J.    BRENHAM, 

23v24-tf  217  Sansome  street,  8.  F. 


J.  M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     AlVD     MCXDEJCS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt's  BrasB  Foundry) . 

N.  W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  Gv23*3m 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled. 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  the}1 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  so  as  to  apply  steam  directlj 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  steam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows; 

The  pan  being  filled,  tho  motion  of  the  muller  force* 
tho  pulp  to  tho  center,  -whore  it  iB  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  tho  grinding  surfaces.— 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  tho  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  tho  quicksilver,  until  tho  oro  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 


Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-menare  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlere 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  the  copart- 
nership heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Giis.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  &  Co.,"  is  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  his  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
aB  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24,  1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 

gCHAS.  H.  RANDALL. 

22-v23-tf  [J.  GTJS.  BURT. 


California  File  Manuf  'g  Co. 

Potroro,  Solano  street,  bot.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  -warranted  equal  to  new. 
ttlSAPEU  AN»  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
AND  KNIVES  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  tho  country 
promptly  attended  to.  SvlD-by 


B®~ 


BUY   BARBER'S      BIT    IEACE.  -«a 


/S§w|    MOLDING,    MORTISING, 

^LiMJi   TENONING  AND  SHAPING 
MACHINES, 
BAND    SAWS, 
^M>  SCEOLL    SAWS, 

Pianing  &  Matching 

MACHINES,   ETC., 

fFor  Railrcmd,  Car,  and  Aonr- 
cultuiul  Shops,  Etc.,  Etc. 
^--—.= —   '       l£2r  Superior  to  any  in  use 


J.   A.   FAY   &   CO., 


Cincinnati,  Orcio. 


POWER,   TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANTJFACTUHER9     OF 


WOOD-WORKING  {MACHINERY, 
8003  CheBtnut  street  (West  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

PirlliADELFHlA. 


"  Woodworth  Planers  a  Specialty. 


2v2My 


The   Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     USE! 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
phuret  Ores. 

LOUD  k  PETEES,  Agents, 
304  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
B^~  Send  for  Circular.  13v24  3m 


CALDWEIiL'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS,  113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v24-3n>  WM.  CALDWELL. 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


RODGERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES   MADE 

On  nil  klntl.  of  Ore.,  nod  pnrtlcolur  ntlenlloK 
PAID  10 

CONSIGNMENTS  OP  OOOHS. 

IvIHm 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist, 

4:321  Monl|f»nifry  Kt.  U|»  ■tnlra. 

Particular  attention  Riven  to  tho  Analysia  of  Ores, 
Mi  in  -mis,  Metallurgical  Products,  Mlnural  Waters,' 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practl- 
ful  Instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Ilv21-3m 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallurgr/iosiJ 

CHEMIST, 

No.    Oil    Commercial    Street, 

(Opposite  tho  U.S.  Branch  Hint, 

San  Fhanoibco,  Cal.  7v21-3m 


J.  W.   THURMAN, 

(SucceBsor  to  S.  W.  Howland  k  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Nos.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Ores  received  on  consignment 

ALL  OKDEB.S  EXECUTED  AT  THE  8HOKTE6T  NOTICE.  5v24-6m 

CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    SIS    CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

One  Door  West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.   A.   MAR9,   Assayer. 
9S~  Analysis  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  etc.       10v20 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 

SWANSEA. 

HlcHAnDsON  tfc  Co.  have  been  fortliirty  ycara  established 
in  Swansea  an  AcL'iitu  for  the  preparation,  SamnlioR,  Assay- 
ing, and  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Cold,  Lea<l,  Zinc,  and  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  for  which  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  WharvOB  undur  cover,  1,(100  feet  of  Quay  Front- 
ape  within  the  Floating  Duck,  and  the  i f  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  A|»pli»nceM.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  ar:ain>t  Ores  in  anticipation  cf  realization,  wnd  to 
guarantee  ail  payments  when  reijuired.  17v2-l-ly 


G.  W.  8TIIONG. 


W.  L.  STItONCJ 


G.   W.   STRONG   &   CO., 
Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Francisco 


"Wo  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and 
Teste  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver, 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tf 


PLATINUM 


Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Etc.;  Etc. 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H. M  RAYNOR, 
2G  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  pprcbased.  22vl8 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  OP  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 

Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  street,. SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Wo  would  call  tho  special  attention  of  Assayers, 
Chemists,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies, 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  largo  and  well  adapted  Btock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
tho  lirst  discovery  of  minea  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

AfcSiiy  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances— Beclier  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Assay  Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  Assay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Scorifl- 
ers.  Roasting  Dishes,  Annealing  Caps,  French  Clay, 
Assay  Crucibles,  Hessian  (or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  Covers- 
all  sizes. 

Assayers"  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  AesayerB'  Hard- 
ware-a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bais  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS   AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bl  Carb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge, 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oxide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chernicalu 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
VST  Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v23-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


400 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSV. 


[June  22,  1872. 


AGENTS  WANTED  to  canvass 
every  town  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  the  SclENnFio 
Press,  Pacific  Rdhai  Pbess,  and  the  Pacific 
Coast  Mercantile  Director.  Experienced  can- 
vassers preferred.  Good  men  can  make  large  wa. 
Res,  besides  learning  much  and  improving  their  talents. 


«|iw  ""..,7,  ,       ^O'S 

Scientific  Press 


Designing 


and 


Engraving 


By  the   Best  of  Artists, 
At  this  Office. 


ONE   DOLLAB   A.  YEAR 

—  FOE  THE  — 

PACIFIC     COAST 

Jpraniili}  jjimiflit* 

Thia  ia  a  new  lG-page  monthly  newspaper,  of  special  in- 
formation for  wholesale  and  retail  tradesmen.  It  will  also 
contain  reading  of  interest  and  importance  to  all  business 
and  professional  men  on  the  coast. 

OUR  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 
Will  comprise  Full  Prices  Current  and  Monthly  Review  o  f 
the  Wholesale  Markets;  Diagrams  of  the  Fluctuations  of 
the  Produce  Markets;  Rates  of  Freight  and  Passenger 
Fares— corrected  monthly;  Illustrations  and  Sketches  of 
Prominent  Men  and  Buildings:  Editorials  on  Manufactur- 
ing and  Industrial  Progress;  Departments  containing  ap- 
prbpriate'reading  matter  and  reviews  for  various  branohes 
of  trade,  including  "Grocery  and  Provision ;"  "Dry  Goods ;" 
"Trades  and  Manufactures,"  etc.,  etc. 

Our  first  issue  for  May  consists  of  21  pages,  embracing 
FORTY-FIVE  COLUMNS  of  important  reading  matter- 
mostly  original  and  by  first-class  writers.  Sample  copies, 
post  paid,  10  cts.  Yearly  subscription,  in  advance,  $1.  Sub- 
scribers to  the  Scientific  Phess  or  the  Pacific  Rural 
Pbess  will  be  supplied  at  half  price. 

Published  by  MURRAY,  DEWEY  &  CO., 
At  the  Publishing  Office  of  the  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific 

Rural  Press,  San  Francisco. 


MAGAZINES. 


Harper's 

Atlantio 

Godey 

New  York  Ledger 

Blackwood 

Hours  at  Home 

Good  Words 

Peterson  s 

Arthur     

Lady  a  Friend 

Harper's  Weekly.... 

Chimney  Corner 

Literary  Album 

London  Society 

All  the  Year  Round.. 
London  111.  News. 


3  00 

5  00 

6  00 
15  0ft 


W.  E.  LOOMIS. 
Xews  Dealer 

AND  STATIONER, 

3.  E.  corner  of  Sansome  and 

Washington  streets, 

BUPFLIES   ALL 

Eastern    Perodicals, 

BY  THE 

Year,  Month,  or  Number 


Horse 


Power. 


"THEHOADLEY'Msthe  Perfection  of  the  Portable 
Engine.  For  sale,  -with  or  without  wheels,  at  Ma- 
chinery Depot  of  TREADWELL  &  CO. ,  Market,  head  of 
Front  street,  San  Francisco.  14v24  eowbp 


ACTIVE  MEN! 

WITH   EXPERIENCE    IN    CANVASSING 

business,  can  now  obtain  lucrative  and  permanent  em- 
ployment by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
er»  ol  the  SCIENTIFIC!  PRESS  and  the  PA.OIFIO  RU- 
Sal  PEKBB,  No.  333  Montgomery  street,  S.  P.| 


KIMOWLES'   PATENT  STEAM  PUMP. 

Extract     from     Official     Report    of.  Mechanics'    Institute     Fair     of     San 

Francisco,      1871. 

"  In  the  foregoing  trials  it  appears  that  the  most  efficient  Pump  on  exhibition  1b  the  KNOWLES.  The  work- 
manship on  this  Pump  is  also  very  good.  We  would  therefore  recommend  that  this  Pump  receive  a  Silver  Medal. 
(Diploma  awarded) .    Signed  by  the  Committee  : 


vllS-awbp 


G-.  W.  DICKIE, 
CHAS.  R.  STEIGEK, 


W.  EPPELSHEIMER, 


H.  B.  ANGELL, 
MELVILLE  ATV7O0D." 


It  has  no  Cranks  or  Fly-Wheel,  and  has  no  dead  points  where  it  will  stop,  consequently  it 
is  always  ready  to  start  without  using  a  starting-bar,  and  does  not  require  hand-work  to  get  it 
past  the  center.  Will  always  start  when  the  steam  cylinder  is  filled  with  cold  water  of  con- 
densation. 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  hy  a  Committee 
of  Five  of  the  most  thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast,  showed  the  Knowles  Pump 
to  lose  but  11%  per  cent,,  while  others  lost  as  high  as  40  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in 
economy. 


WE    BUILD    MB    HAVE    CONSTANTLY    ON    HAND 

THE   LARGEST  STOCK   OF   PUMPS   IN   THE  WORLD, 

And  forlEyery  Conceivable  Purpose. 

A.    L    FISH,    Agent. 

Wo   ©  First  Street,   &*an  Francisco,  Cal. 

P.  S. — All  kinds  of  new  and  second-hand  Machines  on  hand.  3y24-eow-bp 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM     PUMP. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Seventh  Industrial  Exh  Hion  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  San  Francisco^ 

BLAKE'S  STEAM  PUMP,— This  Pump  yielded  the  best  results  as  to  the  quantity  of  water  discharged  as 
compared  with  its  measured  capacity.  The  valves  are  ol  brass,  and  well  arranged.  The  steam  valves  are  well 
arranged  for  operating  the  pumps,  either  fast  or  alow. 

We  recommend  that  a  Medal  toe  awarded  to  it,  as  THE  BEST  STEAM  PUMP.  [Awarded  a  Silver  Medal, 
the  first  premium.]  (Signed)  JAS.    SPIERS, 

WM.    H.    BIRCH. 

From  the  Report  of  the  Committee  on  Steam  Pumps,  at  the  Eighth  (or  last)  Industrial  Exhibition  of  the 
Mechanics'  Institute,  San  Francisco  : 

BLAKE'S  MINING  PUMP.— This  is  an  excellent  Pump,  well  made,  and  gives  a  high  per  cent,  of  duty.  We 
recommend  a  Diploma  for  this  Pump.     (Signed  by  the  Committee,) 

G.   W.  DICKIE,  H.  B.   ANGEL,  OHAS.  R.    STEIGER, 

W.  EPPELSHEIMEB,  MELVILLE    ATWOOD. 

[No  other  Steam  Pump  received  other  than  a  Diploma  or  honorable  mention  at  the  LAST  Mechanics'  Exhi- 
bition, all  oilier  assertions  to  Vie  contrary  notwithstanding.  Hooker's  Hand  Pump  was  the  only  Pump  of  any  kind 
whatsoever,  that  received  a  MEDAL  and  FIRST  PREMIUM  (highest  award  to  pumps)  at  the  last  Exhibition,  for 
which  we  are  also  selling  agents.— See  official  Report  of  the  above  Committee.] 

The  trial  of  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  Industrial  Fair  in  San  Francisco,  toy  a  committee  of  five  of  the  most 
thoroughly  practical  mechanics  on  this  coast  (as  above  named),  showed  that  the  Blake  Pump  gave  86  percent,  of 
utilized  power,  while  others  gave  but  60  per  cent.,  showing  great  difference  in  economy. 

The  Blake  Pump  is  the  ONLY  Steam  Pump  that  EVEB  RECEIVED 
A  SIL  FEB  MEDAL  at  any  Exhibition  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  ever  held 
in  Ban  Francisco  or  California 

t&~  A  complete  stock  of  all  sizes  constantly  on  hand  at  the  Machinery  Warehouse  of  the  Agents, 

TREADWELL    &,    CO., 
Market  Street,  corner  of  Fremont,  San  Fbanoisco. 


THE     TRUTH! 

A.  L.  FISH,  Agent  Knowles'  Steam  Pump — Dear  Sir:  In  answer  to  your  inquiries, 
we  state  that  the  highest  award  for  Steam  Pumps  at  the  Eighth  or  last  Mechanics' 
Fair  in  San  Francisco,  was  a  First  Premium  and  Diploma,  awarded  to  the  Knowles' 
Patent  Steam  Pump,  as  published  in  the  Official  List  September  23d,  1871. 

A.  S.  HALLIDIB,  President  Board  of  Managers. 

W.  H.  "Williams,  Sec'y  Board  of  Managers  Eighth  Industrial  Exhibition,  M.  I. 


THE     GIANT     POWDER     COMPANY 

Are  now  manufacturing  besides  the  famous  regular 

GIA.NT    POWDER,  A.  NO,    2    GIAJST    POWDER, 

Somewhat  slower  in  its  Explosion,  whioh  we  recommend  for 

BANK     BLASTING,     COAL     MrNES, 

AND    FOR    ALL    SUCH    WORK    WHERE    THE    ROCK    IS    NOT    VERT    HARD 

It  is  fully  as  safe  as  the  other  and  evolves  neither  smoke  nor  noxious  fumes  when  exploded. 

Price.    50  Gents  per    Pound. 

The  sales  of  both  grades  increase  very  fast,  which  is  the  best  proof  of  their  superiority  over  other  explosives. 

BANBMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 


20v22-3ml6p 


General  Agents,  No.   210  Front  Street, 


W.  T.  G-ABRATT  &  CO 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 
C  A6TING6, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

TAVKRM  AND     AND  BELLS,  GOKU8, 

FIRE    ENGINES,  FORGE  AND   LIFT   PUMPS. 

Steam,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cockb, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  Cocks,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  BIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Tipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  allsizeB. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  '*  Garratt'a  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 

BS~Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP- 
PER and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GARRATT,  JAMES   HTIXMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPAULDING, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


/^MEfi 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MANUFACTURER  OF' 

SPAULDING'S 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in   every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SHORT  NOTICE 
At  the  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  EOYER,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 

FRANCIS   SMITH  &   CO., 


ITVIaniixTactrwerfS    of 


HYDRAULIC     PIPE, 


Artesian  Well  Pipe — All  Sizes. 


Having  the  Latest  Improved  Machinery,  we  canjmakelt 
an  object  to 


Mining  and  Water  Companies  or  Water 
Works 

TO   CONTRACT  WITH  US   FOR 

SHEET    IROIN     FIFE. 


All  "Work  G-uaranteecL 


OFFICE  at  112  Battery  Street  San  Francisco. 

4v24-eow3ml6p 


A     Blake's     Crusher 

FOR    SALE    CHEAP. 

One  of  Blake'B  Patent  Ore  Crushers,  size  8x10,  second- 
hand and  in  perfect  order,  iB  offered  for  sale  cheap.  Also, 

A  STEAM  ENGINE, 

8xlG,  and  another  0x12,  second-hand  and  in  good  order. 
Also, 

A   New    Mining    Pump, 

6-inch  bore  and  5-feet  Btrote,  double  acting. 
All  of  the  above  will  be  sold  at  good  bargains  by 
J.   HENDY, 
21v24tf  No.  32  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


BY    I>EWEY    4c    CO. 
Patent    (Solicitors. 


SAN  FKANCISCO,  SATUKDAY,  JUNE  29,  1872. 


VOLUME     XXIV. 
Number    Sitt. 


The  Hint  Bid. 

Some  four  or  five  mouths  ago,  the  Superin- 
tendent of  the  new  U.  S.  Mint  building,  now 
being  constructed  in  this  city,  issued  proposals 
for  the  wrought  and  cast  iron  work  for  that 
structure.  In  answer  to  said  proposal,  five 
bids  were  put  in  by  different  parties  in  this 
city,  in  addition  to  a  number  from  the  Atlantic 
States.  Two  of  the  San  Francisco  bids  were 
lower  than  the  lowest  Eastern  bids.  After  an 
unusual  delay  of  about  three  months  from  the 
time  these  bids  were  received  at  Washington, 
the  lowest  San  Francisco  bid — that  of  the  Occi- 
dental Foundry  was  accepted,  with  the  proviso 
that  the  chimney  should  be  put  in  .place  within 
thirty  days  from  the  date  of  the  contract,  and 
that,  too,  when  no  time  was  specified  in  the  pro- 
posals, the  bids  being  all  made  on  reasonable 
time  for  completion  of  the  work. 

This  new  condition  of  thirty  days  was  consid- 
ered an  unreasonable  demand,  and  one  which 
could  not  be  met  under  the  terms  of  the  bid; 
hence  the  bidders  refused  to  sign  the  contract. 

After  some  little  delay,  proposals  were  re-ad- 
▼ertised,  under  which  three  bids  from  this  city 
were  again  put  in  on  the  17th  of  June,  at  the 
Superintendent's  office  in  this  city,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  terms  of  the  advertisement,  (the 
bids  to  be  forwarded  from  this  city  to  Washington 
for  approval.)  On  Wednesday,  only  two  days 
afterward,  telegraphic  advices  were  received 
here,  that  the  contract  had  been  lei  at  the  East ! 

The  above,  we  believe,  are  the  simple  facts  in 
the  case.  Now,  if  it  was  necessary  to  insisi 
upon  the  thirty  days  for  the  construction  of 
the  chimney,  as  per  the  first  bid,  instead  of 
perhaps  fifty  or  sixty  days,  which  would  have 
been  a  reasonable  time,  how  could  the  Depart- 
ment have  bettered  itself  by  taking  the 
time  to  readvertise  for  new  proposals,  and 
then  let  the  contract  to  parties  in  the 
East,  who  would  require  about  thirty  days 
for  the  transportation  of  the  chimneys  to 
this  coast,  after  they  were  ready  for  delivery  at  the 
Eastern  foundry?  The  San  Francisco  parties, 
under  the  firBtbid  could  have  had  the  chimney  in 
place  before  it  could  have  been  possible  for  the 
accepted  bidders  at  the  East  to  have  got  them 
ready  for  shipment.  Again,  how  is  it  possible 
that  any  Eastern  bidder  could  comply  with 
a  30  days'  condition,  especially  after  the  delay 
for  readvertising,  when  more  than  half  that 
time  would  be  required  for  transportation,  even 
if  sent  by  rail,  an  unusual  mode  of  transporting 
such  heavy  freight? 

The  mechanics  of  San  Francisco  askno  favors 
over  their  Eastern  brethren;  but  the  circum- 
stances connected  with  this  contract  would 
seem  to  indicate  that  there  has  been  discrimi- 
nation somewhere,  the  evidence  of  which  is  too 
palpable  to  be  overlooked. 


Stanford's  Patent  Self  Feeder. 

This  convenient  and  useful  device  is  the  in- 
vention of  Mr.  0.  P.  Stanford,  and  is  intended 
for  the  purpose  of  keeping  the  mortars  of 
stamp  batteries  supplied  with  rook  automat- 
ically. It  is  said  to  do  its  work  thoroughly 
and  in  a  very  satisfactory  manner,  and  the 
simplicity  of  construction  insures  steady  work 
without  its  being  liable  to  get  out  of  order.  The 


This  lever  is  hung  from  the  girt  K,  and  is 
forked  so  that  it  spans  the  stamp  stem.  The  rod 
E,  passes  up  through  a  hole  in  theoutBido  end  of 
the  lever,  and  has  a  collar  bearing  against  the 
lever  to  support  it.  The  hight  of  this  collar 
is  regulated  by  a  sorew  and  ohecknuts  F,  on  the 
lower  end  of  the  rod  B,  A  rod  2),  with  a  hook 
at  each  end,  hooks  into  a  notch  in  the  lever  C, 
and  also  hooks  into  the  bail  of  the  shoe  G,  of 


Dividends  and  Assessments. — The  sum  of 
$882,000  was  paid  out  as  dividends  this  month 
by  four  companies,  viz  :  Belcher,  $312,000  ; 
Crown  Point,  $300,000;  Meadow  Valley,  $60,- 
000;  Raymond  &  Ely,  $210,000.  Assessments 
levied  during  the  same  time,  by  15  different 
companies,  amounted  in  the  aggregate,  to 
$220,850.  The  difference  in  favor  of  stockhold- 
ers, is  $661,150.  The  Crown  Point  dividend 
fell  off  from  last  month,  $181,000;  and  the  Yule 
Gravel  Company  omitted  their  usual  dividend ; 
so  this  month  the  product  is  a  little  less. 


feeding  tappet,  in  its  descent,  strikes  against 
the  lever  C,  and  through  the  rod  D,  jars  the 
shoe  G,  causing  it  to  throw  a  quantity  of  rock 
into  the  mortar.  This  continues,  until  the  rock 
has  become  so  thick  under  the  stamp  that  the 
feeding  tappet  does  not  touch  the  lever.  Feed- 
ing is  then  stopped,  to  begin  again  when  the 
rock  has  been  crushed  from  under  the  stamp. 
The  feed  is  adjusted  to  the  wear  of  the  shoes 
and  dies  by  the  screw  F,  and  by  moving  the 
feeding  tappet  B,  in  the  stem. 

This  is  a  California  invention,  and  does  away 
entirely  with  a  man  for  "feeder,"  and  can  be 
regulated  so  as  to  keep  just  enough  rock  under 
the  stamp  to  prevent  it  either  choking  or  get- 
ting on  the  die.  Booth  &  Co.  have  put  this 
self-feeder  in  the  International  Mill,  GO  stamps; 
the  Stanford  Mill,  30  stamps;  the  Pinto  Mill,  20 
Btamps;  the  Mineral  Hill,  20  stamps  ;  and  the 
Monitor  and  Northwestern  Mill,  10  stamps.  It 
is  also  being  used  at  the  Rock  Point  and  Bird- 
sail's  Mills,  at  Dayton,  Nev. ;  Angel's  Mill,  at 
Angels;  the  Calaveras  Mining  Company's  Mill; 
the  Amador  Mill,  and  other  prominent  mills 
throughout  the  coast. 


STANFORD'S    PATENT    SELF-FEEDER. 


Joxian  Disteict. — The  bullion  shipments 
from  this  promising  mining  district,  in  the  Cuy- 
amaca  Mountains,  San  Diego  county,  were 
$13,151  last  week. 


principle  upon  which  the  apparatus  works  is 
simple;  as  the  stamp  crushes  the  rock,  which 
passes  from  under  it  through  the  sieves,  it 
drops  below  a  certain  point,  giving  a  jar  to  the 
shoe  of  a  hopper-car,  causing  the  discharge  of 
a  quantity  of  rock  into  the  mortar.  The 
manner  of  operation  will  be  seen  by  reference 
to  the  accompanying  engraving,  from  plans  and 
working  drawings  of  H.  J.  Booth  &  Co.,  Union 
Iron  Works,  in  this  city. 

In  the  cut,  A  represents  the  stamp  stem,  to 
which  is  keyed  a  feeding  tappet  B,.  This  tap- 
pet is  set  ou  the  stem  so  that  when  the  rock  in 
the  mortar  has  been  reduced  to,  a  certain  depth, 
it  shall  strike  on;  one  end  of  the  lever  C,  as.  the 
stamp  falls. 


Abizona  Ores. — The  shipments  of  ores  from 
Wallapai,  Prescott  and  Clark  Districts  in  Ai  - 
zona  Territory,  are  increasing  every  month, 
and  some  of  the  finest  class  of  ore  has  arrived 
in  this  city  from  those  localities,  within  the 
past  few  weeks.  Mr.  J.  W.  Thurman,  who 
sampled  these  ores,  informs  ua  that  they  aver- 
age fron  $300  to  $2,500  per  ton.  As  soon  as 
they  get  steamers  on  the  Colorado  River,  which 
will  bring  up  all  the  ore  that  is  now  accumulat- 
ing on  the  dumps  of  the  different  mines,  we 
may  expect  large  shipments  of  ore  monthly. 
The  miners  in  that  section  of  country  deserve 
great  praise  for  their  energy  and  perseverance, 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  day  is  not  far 
distant  when  they  will  be  amply  rewarded  for 
their  time  and  labor.  All  they  want  now  is  a 
railroad,  insuring  cheap  and  quick  transporta- 
tion, as  the  above  mentioned  districts  have  a 
large  amount  of  good  ores  lying  at  the  different 
mines,  which  would  pay  the  owners  handsome- 
ly if  they  could,  get  them  to  San  Francisco  on 
reasonable  terms. 


the  hopper-car,  E.  The  shoe  (5,  is  hinged  at  L. 
The  hopper-car  is  lined  with  sheet-iron  and  has 
four  wheels,  so  that  when  the  battery  is  to  be 
run  without  the  self-feeder,  it  can  be  run  back 
out  of  the  way. 

The  operation  of  the  apparatus  is  as  follows: 
The  feeding  tappet  B,  having  been  olamped  on 
the  stem  at  the  proper  place,  and  the  lever  hav- 
ing been  regulated  to  its  proper  position  for  the 
distances  apart  at  which  the  shoe  and  die  are  to 
work  by  reason  of  the  intervening  rock,  the 
hopper-car  iB  filled  with  rock.  The  mortar  has 
been  fed  by  hand  bo  as  to  make  a  bed  under  the 
stamps.  As  soon  as  the  rook  under  the  middle 
stamp,  to  which  the  feeding  tappet  is  attached, 
decreases  in  depth  below  the  fixed  limit,  the 


Powdee  AVonss  Explosion. — The  Hercules 
Powder  Works,  owned  by  the  California  Pow- 
der Co.,  and  located  near  the  Eastern  extremity 
of  the  new  Park,  and  less  than  three  miles 
from  the  heart  of  the  city,  exploded  with  a 
terrible  report,  about  six  o'clock  on  Friday 
21st  inst.  The  employe's  had  fortunately  left 
the  works  but  a  short  time  previous,  so 
that  no  one  was  injured.  The  loss  of  powder, 
etc.,  was  some  four  or  five  thousand  dollars. 

The  HerculeB  powder  is  a  mixture  of  ritie 
powder  and  nitro-glycerine.  The  nitro-glycer- 
ine  was  made  upon  the  ground,  and  the  rifle 
powder  at  the  Company's  powder  works. 

The  supposed  cause  of  the  accident  was  the 
bursting  and  inflammation  of  a  carboy  of  acid, 
oocasioned  no  doubt,  by  the  excessive  heat  of 
the  day.  The  explosion  was  heard  throughout 
a  radius  of  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  in  every  di- 
rection. The  concussion  was  very  severe  in 
the  city. 

The  Nabbow  Gauge  Railroad  Convention 
met  in  St.  Louis  on  the  19th  inst.,  to  discuss 
the  question  of  railroad  gauges.  Some  of  the 
most  prominent  railroad  men  in  the  United 
States  were  present,  and  the  result  of  their  pro- 
ceedings will  be  looked  to  with  interest.  A 
resolution  was  adopted  which  provides  for  a 
central  committee  of  thirteen. 


402 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  29,  1872% 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Schell  Creek  Mines. 

[By  our  Alining  Reporter.] 

The    Opening    up  of   Southeastern   Nevada— The 
Pioneer    Miner. 

The  fall  of  '68  and  the  early  part  of  '69 
witnessed  the  White  fine  ebullition.  Sub- 
siding the  next  summer,  a  considerable 
population  found  themselves  in  that  re- 
mote, and  then  isolated  locality,  without 
employment,  and  generally,  without  either 
the  means  or  disposition  to  return.  The 
most  of  them  were  miners — many  belong- 
ing to  that  hardy,  fearless  class  known  as 
prospectors.  The  country  about,  though 
reputed  rich  in  mineral  wealth  was  but 
little  explored,  and,  therefore,  opened  an 
enticing  field  for  the  like  of  them.  Wan- 
dering off  in  every  direction  and  suffering 
infinite  hardships  with  proverbial  pa- 
tience, they  have  since  thoroughly  ex- 
plored every  portion  of  Centra],  Southern 
and  Eastern  Nevada,  a  region  likely  to 
prove  marvellously  rich  in  every  va- 
riety of  the  precious  and  useful  metals. 
Successively,  Eureka,  Mineral  Hill, 
Pioche  and  other  valuable  districts  were 
found,  organized  and  brough  into  notice; 
Schell  Creek,  the  latest,  being  by  no  means 
the  least  of  these  important  discoveries. 

The  adage  of  the  "  ill  wind  "  finds  apt 
illustration  in  this  stampede  to  White 
Pine.  But  for  this,  how  sparse  might 
still  have  been  the  population  of  this  por- 
tion of  the  State— how  little  even  might 
have  been  known  of  these  now  prosperous 
and  promising  districts  !  So  often  does 
a  present  seeming  ill  resolve  itself  into  an 
ultimate  good!  And  so  of  the  men  who 
fulfill  these  honorable  missions  and 
achieve  these  useful  ends!  Bough  and 
gnarled  of  person,  crippled  with  toil  and 
tanned  by  exposure  to  the  winds  and  the 
sun,  the  miner  is  still  your  true  pioneer, 
going  forth  unaided  and  unnoticed,  and 
subduing  the  savage,  he  opens  up  our  des- 
olate and  barbaric  lands,  and  fits  them  for 
the  abode  of  civilization  and  productive 
industry.  Last  season  the  territory  so 
redeemed  from  the  wilderness  during  the 
past  three  years,  produced  over  seven  mill- 
ion dollars  worth  of  gold  and  silver  bull- 
ion, a  sum  that  will  be  largely  increased 
the  present  year. 

Interest  of    San  Francisco— Need  of   a  Railroad 
and  Mills. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  and  the  prosper- 
ous future  that  obviously  awaits  this  en- 
tire section  of  oountry,  one  feels  warranted 
in  bespeaking  for  Schell  Creek  the  aid  and 
good  offices  of  the  San  Francisco  business 
community,  since  through  these  means 
the  entire  trade  of  this  region  can  be 
permanently  secured  to  your  city.  Let 
your  people  bear  this  in  mind,  for  in  a 
short  time,  this  business  will  be  worth  to 
them  millions  of  dollars  annually.  Mon- 
ey is  needed  here  to  build  mills,  also  to 
assist  in  constructing  a  narrow  gauge  rail 
way  to  ponnect  this  district  with  Hum- 
boldt Wells,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Boad. 
This  is  a  good  country  in  which  to  invest 
money,  at  least  for  these  purposes,  and  I 
say  this  not  ignorant  nor  unmindful  of  the 
losses  that  have  so  generally  attended  the 
expenditure  of  money  on  mining  account 
in  all  parts  of  Nevada.  At  another  writ- 
ing I  will  give  more  fully  my  reasons  for 
this  opinion,  content  for  the  present,  with 
urging  your  capitalists,  merchants,  ma- 
chinists and  all  others  interesled  in  ex- 
tending the  commerce  and  building  up 
the  industry  of  San  Francisco,  to  give 
this  matter  their  serious  attention.  A 
road  once  built  to  this  point  would  soon 
be  extended  south  along  the  series  of 
open  plains  and  valleys  that  reaches  all 
the  way  from  hereto  the  Colorado;  pass- 
ing in  its  course  through  or  near  to  the 
Bobinson,  Piermont,  Patterson,  Pioche, 
Pahranagat  and  many  other  already  or 
prospectively  important  districts. 

The  inductive  steps  in  this  enterprise 
have  already  been  taken  by  parties  here,  the 
movement  being  backed  by  the  Crawfords, 
large  iron  workers  in  Philadelphia,  and 
other  wealthy  men  in  the  East,  those  par- 
ties being  largely  interested  in  the  Spruce 
Mountain  District,  lying  adjacent  to  the 
proposed  line  of  this  road,  and  where  exten- 
sive smelting  works  are  now  being  erected. 
The  Central  Pacific  Company  also,  I  am 
credibly  informed,  would,  with  their  char- 
acteristic enterprise  and  liberality,  further 
the  project,  by  remitting  in  part  cost  of 
freight  on  material  transported  over  their 
road,  and  perhaps  aid  in  a  still  more  direct 


manner,  it  being  their  policy  to  encourage 
the  building  of  these  feeders  to  their  main 
trunk.  This  Company,  have  pursued  a 
generous  course  with  the  Elko  and  White 
Pine  road  now  in  process  of  construction, 
and  would  hardly  do  less  for  a  branch 
likely  to  contribute  still  more  largely  to 
their  carrying  traffic;  and  I  may  here  add, 
as  one  having  opportunities  to  know,  that 
the  Central  Company  have,  in  the  main, 
dealt  not  only  justly  but  liberally  with 
this  section  of  country  throughout,  and 
what  ever  may  be  the  grievances  fancied 
or  real  of  the  people  of  San  Francisco,  we 
feel  here  that  we  have  no  just  cause  for 
complaint,  since  without  the  facilities  for 
transportation  and  travel  afforded  by  this 
Company,  nearly  the  whole  of  Central  and 
Southeastern  Nevada  would  still  have 
been  in  the  hands  of  the  aborigines— a 
source  of  constant  annoyance  to  the  peo- 
ple and  of  expense  to  the  government,  in- 
stead of  being,  as  at  present,  filled  every- 
where with  self-sustaining  and  prosperous 
communities. 

Our  Experience  in  Silver   Mining— Fissure   Viens 
and  Ore  in  Sight. 

It  is  now  13  years  ago  since  Californians 
first  embarked  in  silver  mining.  It  is  13 
years  this  very  month  of  June  since  they 
first  began  to  hear  much  of  Washoe,  a  few 
venturing  then  over  the  Sierras  to  see 
what  these  rumors  might  amount  to.  By 
the  next  summer  many  thousand  had  fol- 
lowed and  the  new  business  was  gotten 
fully  under  way.  Taking  the  Comstock  as 
our  typical  mine,  we  set  out  rummaging 
through  the  wilds  of  Western  Utah. 
Ledges  abounding  everywhere,  quite  a 
good  many  were  located,  care  being  taken 
that  they  should  oonform  as  nearly  as 
might  be  in  external  appearance  to  our 
representative  mine.  Much  work  was  after- 
wards done  on  these  ledges  but  not  general- 
ly with  satisfactory  results,  and  as  a  conse- 
quence we  rather  lost  confidence  in  "  bold 
croppings,"  "regular  strikes"  and  other  in- 
dications of  "true  fissures,"  "going  after- 
wards for  "  "  ore  in  sight,"  and  becoming 
enamored  of  rich  and  well  displayed  surface 
deposits,  such  as  greeted  us  at  White  Pine, 
Eureka,  Pioche  and  elsewhere.  It  is  true, 
these  have  not  in  every  instance,  proved 
"all  our  fancy  painted  them,"  "still  our 
miners  retain  a  strong  prediction  for  this 
class  of  deposits,  believing  that  it  is  just  as 
well  to  engage  in  gathering  up  the  ore  when 
found  on  and  near  the  top  of  the  ground  as 
to  go  delving  into  the  bowles  of  the  earth,in 
search  of  it.  Hence  this  class  of  ores,  des- 
pite the  mishaps  of  White  Pine,  is  much 
in  favor,  and  as  they  have  nowhere  else 
been  found  so  abundant  and  of  such  high 
grade  as  here  in  Schell  Creek,  this,  of 
course,  conforms  more  nearly  than  any 
other  district  ever  yet  discovered  to  the 
prospectors  idea  of  a  "  Miners'  Paradise." 
Go  where  you  will  and  you  see  here  rich 
silver  ores  on  the  surface.  Taken  as  a 
whole  there  never  was,  perhaps,  such  a 
display  of  mineral  wealth.  The  ore-bear- 
ing belt  extends  north  and  south  a  distance 
of  20  miles  reaching  clear  across  the  Schell 
Creek  Bange  and  covering  an  area  of  forty 
or  fifty  square  miles. 

The  mountains  here  are  very  lofty—  from 
eight  to  eleven  thousand  feet  high.  They 
are  also  ragged  and  precipitous — walled 
with  cliffs  and  cleft  by  stupendous  canons. 
Beiug  so  heaved  and  disjointed,  they  are 
probably  riven  by  deep  fissures,  since  filled 
with  metal  and  their  various  mineralizers, 
their  upper  chambers  shattered  and  cov- 
ered up  with  the  debris  of  geological 
ruins.  From  these  main  fractures  run  off 
many  small  cracks,  also  carrying  ore  and 
smashed  to  pieces  in  their  upper  portions. 
Hence  things  in  the  upper  story  are  badly 
displaced  and  it  is  difficult  to  get  the  plan 
of  the  vein  system  or  that  on  which  the 
ores  have  been  distributed.  But  our  ex- 
perts are  unravelling  the  mystery.  Clay- 
ton,, thoughful,  diligent  and  indefatigable 
has  fhe  key  to  the  whole  thing  and  will 
soon  proceed  to  unlock  it  to  the  world. 
He  pronounces  this  the  best  district,  every 
thing  considered,  yet  found  on  the  Coast, 
and  we  have  great  faith  in  him  here.  Of 
the  practical  men  who  have  visited  the 
country  all  entertain  the  highest  opinion 
of  its  mineral  resources  and  the  facilities 
at  hand  for  rendering  them  cheaply  avail- 
able. Not  a  man  of  this  class  has  left  with- 
out procuring  interests  for  himself  or  those 
he  represented. 
The  Character \ol  the  Ores  Here  as  well  as  of 

the  Lodes 
Is  considerably  diversified,  the  former 
consisting  mainly  of  the  sulphuretted  va- 
riety, much  of  it  tinged  with  a  ruby  color. 
A  good  deal  of  horn  and  native  silver  with 
a  chloride  ore  also  occur.  The  general 
trend  of  the  lodes  is  in  a  northerly  and 
southerly  direction  with  a  pitch  into  the 
mountain.    They  are   of  variable   thick- 


ness— some  very  large  and  some  extremely 
small — stand  tolerably  steep  though  occa- 
sionally lying  at  a  low  angle.  The  most 
of  them  are  contact  veins  lying  between 
porphyry  and  limestone  or  shale,  and 
lime,  the  vein  matter  being  composed 
mainly  of  quartz,  some  of  it  light  colored 
and  granular  and  others  portions  compact 
and  dark,  small  quantities  of  quartzite 
limestone  and  spar  being  occasionally  in- 
termixed with  the  ores  and  the  vein  matter. 
The  percentage  of  ore  is  generally  large, 
and  but  very  few  ledges  have  been  located 
which  failed  to  exhibit  more  or  less  on 
the  surface.  The  most  of  the  prospecting 
yet  done  has  been  by  open  cuts  on  the  sur- 
face, though  a  number  of  shafts'have  been 
sunk  in  the  vein  matter,  some  to  a  depth  of 
fifty  to  sixty  feet — several  tunnels  have 
also  been  carried  in  a  considerable  dis- 
tauce.  In  every  instance  these  works  have 
proved  satisfactory  both  as  regards  ore  de- 
velopments and  the  probable  permanence 
of  the  veins  themselves.  One  of  these  tun- 
nels being  driven  into  Queen  Springs 
Mountain  has  cut  a  well  walled,  regular 
vein,  four  feet  thick  and  carrying  a  fine 
body  of  ore  at  a  depth  of  80  ft.  Elsewhere 
similar  results  have  been  obtained  estab- 
lishing a  strong  probability  that  the 
ledges  hero  will  prove  both  prolific  and 
permanent. 

What  is  Required  Here  Now 
Is  reduction  works  with  a  moderate  amount 
of  working  capital  to  open  the  mines.  Sev- 
eral mills  could  be  run  for  a  year  on  the 
hundred  dollar  ore  in  sight,  or  at  least 
obviously  procured.  Labor  is  also  in  de- 
mand, at  $4  per  day  for  miners;  millrights, 
carpenters  and  masons  getting  a  little  more. 
Should  capital  be  supplied  for  putting  up 
mills  and  opening  the  mines  to  the  extent 
that  the  prospect  now  would  seem  to  war- 
rant, the  demand  for  labor  would  be  great- 
ly increased,  and  business  of  all  kinds  be 
very  active.  Every  thing  so  far  has  been 
maintained  in  a  healthful  condition,  but 
little  excitement  or  speculation,  and  noth- 
ing greatly  overdone.  A  number  of  cash 
sales  of  mining  properties  have  been 
effected  and  a  good  many  bonded,  but  all 
seemingly  at  reasonable  prices,  some  of  the 
claims  containing  ore  enough  in  sight  to 
pay  the  purchase  money,  could  it  be  econ- 
omically milled.    As  regards  supplies  of 

Wood,  Water  and  Grass, 
This  section  of  country  surpasses  any  oth- 
er lying  between  the  Sierra  Nevada  and 
the  Wasatch  mountains,  there  being  also 
in  the  valleys  a  great  deal  of  fine  agricul- 
tural land.  As  a  consequence,  mining  in 
all  its  branches  can  be  carried  on  here 
cheap,  the  climate  being  at  the  same  time 
extremely  healthful  and  agreeable.  This  is 
in  fact,  a  fine  country  to  live  in,  and  apart 
from  its  mines  will  soon  be  filled  with  a 
thrifty  population  because  of  its  advan- 
tages for  sheep  and  stock  growing  and 
dairying. 

Centreville,  White  Pine  Co.,  Nev.,  June 
24th,  1872. 

The  Quicksilver  Mines  of  Almaden, 
Spain.    No.  1. 

[Written  for  the  "  Scientific  Press."] 
During  my  first  residence  in  Spain, 
from  1860  to  1865,  I  did  not  visit  these 
celebrated  mines,  partly  from  the  press- 
ure of  my  own  business,  as  also  their  in- 
accessibility situated  in  the  heart  of  the 
Sierra  Morena,  and  reached  then,  only  by 
risking  equestrian  performances  on  mules 
of  a  most  doubtful  pedigree.  On  my  re- 
turn to  Spain  in  1870, 1  was  commissioned 
by  some  London  capitalists  (interested  in 
the  English  Quicksilver  Loan  of  $10,000,- 
000)  to  inspect  these  mines  and  report  to 
them.  These  mines,  since  1869,  can  be 
reached  by  railroad  from  four  different 
quarters  of  the  peninsula— Bilboa,  Lis- 
bon, Valencia  or  Cadiz, 

I  resided  for  about  three  weeks  at  the 
town  of  Almaden,  and  I  paid  special  atten- 
tion to  the  above  celebrated  mines,  and 
have  no  doubt  that  all  the  data  I  collected 
will  be  read  with  interest  by  your  many 
subscribers.  My  letters  will  be  classified 
into  four  different  heads — their  History, 
Geology,  Mining  and  Metallurgy. 

The  word  Almaden  is  derived  from  two 
Arabic  words,  which  signify,  the  "  Mine 
of  Quicksilver,"  but  these  mines  were 
worked  by  the  Bomans  many  centuries 
before  the  consquest  of  Spain  by  the 
Moors.  Four  centuries  before  the  Chris- 
tain  era,  Theofrastus  speaks  of  the  hard 
arenaceous  cinnabar  imported  from  Spain. 
In  the  time  of  Julius  and  Augustus  Csesar 
cinnabar  was  imported  into  Borne  from 
the  Sisaponse  Cetrobrix  region  (so  called 
by  Pliny,)  the  present  confines  of  La  Man- 


cha,  Estremadura  and  Andulusia.  VitruT 
bius  also  mentions  that  the  raw  mineral 
was  imported  into  Bome,  and  points  out 
the  locality  where  the  distillation  was  then 
carried  on. 

According  to  Pliny,  only  10,000  lbs.  of 
quicksilver  were  distilled  every  year  in 
Borne,  and  it  was  calculated  that  other 
places  in  the  empire  were  provided  like- 
wise with  cinnabar  from  Spain  to  about 
the  same  amount.  It  will  be  seen,  then, 
that  it  would  have  taken  the  Bomans 
about  a  century  to  consume  the  present 
yearly  extraction.  Nothing  is  known,  nor 
do  any  documents  exist,  relative  to  these 
mines  during  the  domination  of  the  Goths 
in  Spain.  The  Moors  worked  these  mines, 
and  appear' to  have  been  the  first  who  dis- 
tilled the  mineral  on  the  spot,  employing 
it  in  their  chemical  laboratories  of  Cor- 
dova. The  extraction  of  mineral,  how- 
ever, did  not  increase  until  1525,  when 
these  mines  were  rented  from  the  Spanish 
government  by  two  German  mining  en- 
gineers, Mark  and  Christopher  Fuggar, 
who  employed  German  miners,  and  it  was 
then  for  the  first  time,  that  a  proper  sys- 
tem and  order  in  the  workings  was  carried 
out.  These  two  brothers  realized  such 
princely  fortunes  from  these  mines  that  it 
became  a  proverb  to  say  "  as  rich  as  the 
Fuggars,"  and  a  street  exists  to  this  day  in 
Madrid  with  their  name.  The  yearly  pro- 
duction increased  considerably,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  discovery  of  the  amalgama- 
tion of  silver  ores  in  Mexico  in  1566  by 
Bartolonie  de  Medina,  at  the  mines  of  the 
Beal  del  Monte,  and  it  rose  to  about  600,- 
000  lbs.  of  puicksilver  per  year. 

I  well  remember  in  1867,  while  residing 
at  the  town  of  Pachuca  Beal  del  Monte, 
seeing  the  spot  where  the  Franciscian 
Friar,  Bartolome,  made  his  first  experi- 
ments in  reducing  silver  ores  by  (patio) 
amalgamation.  No  monument  exists  as 
yet  to  the  memory  of  this  celebrated 
monk,  and  the  first  steps  taken  in  this  di- 
rection were  made  by  the  late  Emperor 
Maximilian,  but  frustrated  by  the  tragedy 
of  Queretaro. 

In  the  year  1752  William  Bowles  (the 
first  Englishman  who  visited  these  mines) 
received  orders  from  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment to  inspect  them,  and  he  made  many 
improvements  in  the  distillation  of  the 
ore,  as  likewise  a  better  system  of  work- 
ing the  mines.  Here  we  have  one  of  the 
many  instances  of  Anglo-Saxon  pluck  and 
energy,  carrying  science  and  knowledge 
into  far  distant  climes.  I  may  also  here 
mention  another  extraordinary  case.  In 
1728  Lady  Mary  He.  bait,  daughter  of  the 
Marquis  of  Powis,  arrived  at  Madrid,  from 
Paris,  and  by  her  acquaintance  with  the 
famous  Mr.  Law  had  improved  her  talents 
and  natural  genius  for  enterprise.  She 
made  proposals  to  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment for  draining  the  famous  mine  of 
Guadalcanal;  these  were  accepted.  Lady 
Mary  set  out  for  the  mines;  in  this  expe- 
dition she  was  attended  by  Mr.  Joseph 
Gage.  She  procured  engines  from  Eng- 
land, as  well  as  miners,  engaging  her  own 
fortune  therein,  as  also  that  of  Mr.  Gage. 
Considering  the  great  difficulty  of  travel- 
ing in  those  days — the  non-existence  of 
roads — this  lady's  pluck  and  energy  were 
most  astonishing.  About  the  year  1700 
the  production  increased  to  1,800,000  lbs., 
which  amount  was  annually  supplied  to 
Mexico  and  Peru  for  the  amalgamation  of 
their  silver  and  gold  ores,  and  it  has  con- 
tinued about  the  same  to  the  present  day, 
with  an  interruption  of  some  four  years 
during  the  French  invasion  of  the  Penin- 
sula. The  amount  produced  in  1870  was 
about  2,200,000  lbs.,  upon  which  the  Span- 
ish government  made  $1,250,000,  and  this 
has  been  the  average  profit  for  the  last 
century  and  a  half.  In  my  next  I  will  de- 
scribe the  topography  and  geology  of  this 
district  accompanied  with  suitable  illustra- 
tions and  diagrams. 

Heney  Sewelx. 

Salt  Lake,  June  16. 


Batlkoaus  on  the  Piomo  Coast. — The  dis- 
tribution and  cost  of  railroads  in  the  States  and 
territories  of  the  Pacific  coast  is  as  follows : 

Miles  Cost  and 

Complete  Equipment. 

anlifornia. 1,111.30  876,902,000 

Nevada 567.00  61,600,000 

Utah 312.00  30,400.000 

Oregon 190.00  7,900,000 

Washington 50.00  2,620,000 

Total 1,239.30  $169,322,000 

Ikon. — Furnaces  have  so  multiplied  in 
Lehigh,  Penn.,  under  stimulation  of  a 
very  high  protective  tariff,  that  the  Ameri- 
cvn  Mamtfacturer  warns  iron  men  to  desist. 
It  appears  that  the  sources  of  ore  are  be- 
coming exhausted;  and  at  this  time  there 
is  not  enough  within  reasonable  haul  to 
supply  existing  works.  A  wire-rope  fac- 
tory on  a  large  scale  (5,000  feet  long)  is 
being  built  at  Wilkesbarre,  Penn. 


Jnue  29,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


403 


Scientific  progress. 

Dr.  Carpenter's  Theory  of  Ocean  Cur- 
rents. 

Dr.  W.  B.  Carpenter  prese nts  in  the  Popular 
Science  Review  a  very  interesting  resume  of  the 
results  of  bis  deep-sea  investigations.  In  bis 
first  expedition  to  tbe  deep  channel  between 
the  Shetland  and  Faroe  Islands,  at  the  depth  of 
COO  fathoms  in  one  place  the  self-registering 
thermometer  indicated  a  temperature  of  45  to 
48  degrees  Fahr;  while  at  another  part  of  the 
channel,  only  twenty  miles  away,  a  temperature 
of  32  degrees  at  the  bottom  was  recorded — a 
very  marked  and  curious  contrast.  The  next 
year  most  remarkable  contrasts  of  bottom  tem- 
porature  were  shown  at  different  depths  on  the 
southern  slope  of  the  same  channel.  At  a 
depth  of  100  fathoms,  the  temperature  was  48 
degrees,  while  only  eight  miles  north  where  the 
depth  increased  to  445  fathoms,  the  thermome- 
ter sank  to  30  deg, — thus  showing  a  difference 
of  deep-sea  temperature  of  20  degrees  within 
that  short  descent  of  only  225  fathoms  in  depth. 
At  both  places  the  surfaco  temperature  was  52 
degrees.  Further  where  the  surface  tempera- 
ture was  between  49  and  50  degrees,  Berial 
soundings  indicated  at  350  fathoms  a  tenipera- 
turo  of  32  degrees,  that  of  freezing  water;  and 
from  that  point  to  the  bottom,  640  fathoms  a 
river  of  glacial  water  was  found,  below  the 
freezing  point  of  fresh  water. 

In  one  of  his  more  recent  expeditions  off  the 
coast  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  where  the  surface 
temperature  of  the  water  was  as  high  as  65  de- 
gress, serial  soundings  indicated  u  loss  of  only  10 
degrees  for  the  first  100  fathoms;  which,  there- 
fore, may  be  termed  the  superheated  surface, 
under  the  powerful  rays  of  a  midsummer  sun. 
Then,  down  to  300  fathoms,  the  temperature 
lowered  very  slowly  only  to  49  fathoms,  show- 
ing a  warm  stratum  of  water.  But  in  the  next 
200  fathoms  there  was  a  descent  to  40  degrees; 
and  from  this  level  of  1,000  fathoms  to  the 
bottom,  at  2,435  fathoms  or  nearly  3  miles — a 
depth  about  equal  to  the  hight  of  Mt,  Blanc— the 
temperature  steadily  lowered  to  36.5  degrees 
and  still  lower  results  were  obtained  near  the 
equator.  Here  then  was  a  lower  stratum  of 
very  cold  cold  water  of  no  less  than  1,400  fath- 
oms in  thickness.  Commander  Chimneo  found 
close  to  the  Equator,  3  degrees  S.  latitude,  a 
bottom  temperature  at  1,800  fathoms  of  35  de- 
grees, and  at  2,306  fathoms  one  of  33.6  degrees. 

"Whence  comes  this  deep  layer  of  nearly  freez- 
ing water,  and  how  does  it  retain  its  low  tem- 
perature? As  the  water  above  it  and  the  earth 
below  it  are  warmer,  it  could  not  long  retain  its 
temperature  if  stationary,  unless  continually 
supplied  from  some  constant  source  of  glacial 
cold.  That  it  possesses  the  movement  of  a 
running  stream  is  shown  by  the  nature  of  the 
bottom,  the  pebbles  there  being  rounded  instead 
of  angular;  and  that  it  comes  from  the  polar 
regions,  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  it  may  be 
traced  to  them  in  its  slightly  decreasing  temper- 
ature. To  the  westward  of  the  Faroe  banks  is 
a  steep  slope,  going  down  2,000  fathoms;  from 
here  to  Labrador  and  Greenland  is  a  wide  chan- 
nel, through  which  a  large  mass  of  ice-cold 
water  may  pass  into  the  great  Atlantic  basin. 

But  water  cannot  be  always  flowing  out  of  the 
polar  regions  without  water  from  some  other 
source  constantly  flowing  in  toward  it;  so  that, 
if  there  is  such  an  outflow  below,  the  circulation 
must  be  completed  by  a  constant  inflow  at  the 
surface  above.  This  Dr.  Carpenter  finds  in  the 
Gulf  Stream,  and  the  universal  movement  of 
heated  water  from  the  equatorial  to  the  polar 
seas. —  The  Week. 


Spontaneous  Explosions. — F.  Moigno  says: 
— When  finely  pulverized  chlorate  of  potash  is 
put  on  a  piece  of  paper  (best  dredged  or  dusted 
over  it,  so  as  to  form  a  thin  film  of  powder), 
and  there  is  next  poured  over  it  a  solution  of 
phosphorus  in  bisulphide  of  carbon,  there  en- 
sues, when  the  latter  is  evaporated  suddenly,  a 
most  violent  explosion,  owing  to  the  phospho- 
rus being  left  in  a  state  of  extremely  minute  di- 
vision and  in  intimate  contact  with  chlorate  of 
potash.  This  explosion  is  analogous  to  that 
which  ensues  when  a  small  piece  of  phos- 
phorus and  some  chlorate  of  potash  are,  when 
placed  upon  an  anvil,  struck  with  a  hammer, 
but,  in  the  instance  alluded  to,  the  effect  pro- 
duced is  greater,  owing  to  the  extreme  state  of 
division  and  intimate  mixture  of  the  two  sub- 
stances. Care  should  be  taken  not  to  make 
this  experiment  with  too  large  quantities  of 
the  chlorate  and  phosphorus  solution,  for  fear 
of  serious  accidents  which  might  ensue. 

Absoebing  StTLPHtJBorjs  Fcmes. — M.  Cahen 
the  author  suggests  for  this  purpose  the  use  of 
peroxide  of  manganese  of  low  quality;  The 
absorption  of  sulphurous  acid  gas,  included 
that  evolved  in  metallurgical  operations,  is  in- 
stantaneous; and  if  the  ensuing  manganese  salts 
do  not  happen  to  be  commercially  of  use  they 
can  be  readily,  by  means  of  chloride  of  sodium, 
converted  into  hyposulphite  of  soda  and  other 
soda  salts. 


Gas  Burners  for  Bending  Glass  Tubes. 

The  American  Chemist  for  January  contains 
a  note  by  Prof.  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  "On  Bend- 
ing Glass  Tubes  for  Fitting  Apparatus,"  in 
which  he  reccommends  a  Bunsen  burner  flat- 
tened at  its  extremity  so  an  to  give  a  thin  broad 
flame.  An  ordinary  flstitlil  or  latwing  gas- 
burner  will  be  found  to  give,  if  possible,  still 
battel  results.  Mr.  H.  Carrington  Bolton 
writes  that  he  has  employed  for  some  years  an 
ordinary  batwiug  burner  uttached  to  a  small, 
short  stand  (three  inches  faifibj  burner  inclu- 
ded), Bo  as  to  rest  low  upon  the  table,  in  order 
that  raising  the  arms  inconveniently  nigh,  mav 
be  avoided.  Such  a  burner  insures  a  broad 
flame,  by  which  tbe  tubo  is  heated  for  two  or 
more  inches  in  longth,  the  tube  is  turned  while 
in  the  flame,  and  removed  for  bending  as 
usual,  the  deposit  of  carbon  which  at  tirst  sight 
mJAht  seem  an  objection  is  really  one  of  the 
chief  advantages  of  using  this  burner.  On  plac- 
ing the  glass  in  the  flame  the  deposit  begins  im- 
mediately, and  prevents  too  rapid  arise  of  tem- 
perature and  consequent  cracking  of  the  glass; 
during  the  heating  the  carbon  tends  to  distribute 
the  heat  equally  over  the  surface  of  the  tube; 
and  finally,  on  withdrawing  the  glass  from  the 
flume,  too  sudden  cooling  is  prevented, 
and  the  glass  is,  as  it  were,  annealed. 

The  black  deposit  is  readily  removed  by  a 
dry  cloth.  This  plan  was  commonly  employed 
in  Homann's  Laboratory,  Borlin.  In  bending 
tubes  of  more  than  three-eighths  of  an  inch  in 
diameter  one  end  should  be  closed  tightly 
with  a  cork  (or  wax),  and  air  blown  into  the 
other  end  at  the  moment  of  bending  the  tube; 
by  regulating  judiciously  the  pressure  of  the  air 
upon  the  sides  of  the  somewhat  softened  tube, 
the  latter  will  neither  bulge  out  nor  collapse, 
but  will  retain  its  proper  caliber.  This  cannot 
be  effected,  however,  with  very  large  tubes,  or 
with  very  thin  ones,  which  require  the  nice 
manipulation  of  the  professional  glass-blower. 
— Am.  Artisan. 


The  annual  cost  of  maintenance  of  the  gal- 
vanic batteries  used  by  the  "Western  Union 
Telegraph  Co.,  is  over  $125,000. 


Faulty  Vision  in  Painters. — Considerable 
attention  has  been  attracted  by  a  lecture  de- 
livered by  Dr.  R.  Liebrich  on  this  subject  at 
the  London  Institution.  The  lecturer  referred 
particularly  to  the  case  of  Turner,  between 
whose  earlier  and  whose  later  paintings  a 
marked  difference  appears.  The  prominent 
feature  of  the  change  consists  of  a  vertical 
strealciness,  each  luminous  point  being  changed 
into  a  vertical  line.  Now  it  is  commonly  sup- 
posed that  Turner  adopted  a  peculiar  manner 
and  exaggerated  it  more  and  more.  The  fact, 
according  to  Dr.  Liebrich,  appears  to  be  that 
the  change  of  manner  arose  from  a  change  in 
his  eyes,  a  growing  dimness  of  the  crystalline 
lens  causing  him  to  see  both  nature  and  his 
own  pictures  incorrectly.  The  gradual  change 
was  traced  by  the  lecturer,  and  its  effects  illus- 
trated by  the  use  of  lens  and  of  pictures  project- 
ed on  a  screen. 

Other  cases  arising  from  irregularities  of  re- 
fraction in  the  eye  were  spoken  of.  It  may 
occur  that  an  eye  is  normal  in  one  direction 
and  abnormal  in  another,  and  hence  distorted 
pictures  are  produced,  so  there  are  affections 
of  the  eye  in  regard  to  color. 

Some  of  Turner's  admirers  have  come  to  the 
vindication  of  their  favorite,  and  have  been 
trying  to  disprove  the  doctor's  reasoning. 

Natubal  Selection  in  Plants. — An  attempt 
is  made  by  Dr.  Chauncey  Wright,  in  the  Mem- 
oirs Amer.  Academy,  to  explain  on  the  principal 
of  natural  selection  the  existence  of  the  modes 
of  phyllotaxis  most  frequently  found  in  Nature. 
These  consist  of  two  principal  forms,  the  ver- 
ticillate  and  the  spiral,  of  which  the  latter  is  by 
far  the  most  general  and  most  complicated. 
By  an  elaborate  series  of  circulations  he  shows 
that  the  particular  forms  of  spiral  arrange- 
ment actually  found  in  Nature  are  those  which 
possess  the  greatest  advantage  for  the  plant,  by 
so  arranging  the  leaves,  and,  therefore,  branches, 
that  they  bave  the  most  perfect  distribution  for 
not  interfering  with  one  another,  both  in  draw- 
ing nutriment  from  the  stem  and  in  exposure  to 
the  light. 

To  Protect  Iron  and  Steel. — Prof.  F.  Grace 
Calvert,  of  England,  has  discovered  that  the 
carbonates  of  potash  and  soda  possess  the  same 
property  of  protecting  iron  and  steel  from  rust 
as  do  those  alkalies  in  a  caustic  state.  If  an 
iron  blade  is  half  immersed  in  a  solution  of 
either  of  the  above  named  carbonates,  it  exerts 
so  protective  an  action  that  that  portion  of  the 
iron  which  is  exposed  to  the  influence  of  the 
damp  atmospheric  air  does  not  oxidize,  even 
after  a  period  of  two  years. 

Similar  results  have  been  obtained  with  sea 
water,  to  which  have  been  added  the  carbonates 
of  potash  or  soda.  The  applications  of  this  fact 
are  numerous  and  important. 


Atmospheric  Thermal  Paradox.— The  higher 
we  ascend,  the  colder  it  becomes;  and  yet  at 
very  great  elevations  the  rays  of  the  sun  exert 
a  heating  power  greater  than  that  which  they 
are  found  to  produce  in  the  valleys.  Prof. 
Piazza  Smyth  found,  that  on  the  top  of  Tene- 
riffe,  at  an  elevation  10,000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  a  thermometer  exposed  to  the  direct 
rays  of  the  sun,  showed  a  temperature  of  nearly 
200O  deg.  Fah  \—Prof.  Phin. 

The  conversion  of  water  into  vapor  develops 
electricity 


ECHANICAL     PROGRESS. 


A  Nmv  Mkthodon  Dktermiking  the  Quality 
of  Iron. — Mr.  VauRuth,  Inspector  of  Mines  for 
the  Dutch  government,  has  devised  a  method 
of  printing  from  iron  in  such  a  manner  as  to 
show  its  fibre,  and  give  a  correct  picture  of  the 
same  for  comparison  or  reference.  The  sample 
of  iron  whose  fibre,  is  to  be  examined  is  first 
planed,  so  as  to  expose  a  auitable *  section, 
through  any  desired  point;  this  section  is  im. 
mersed  in  muriatic  (hydrochloric")  acid  for  such 
time  as  is  necessary  to  eat  out  the  cinder;  this 
time  varies  from  six  hours  to  twenty-four  hours 
according  to  the  strength  and  temperature  of 
the  acid  solution.  The  cinder  is  attacked  in  a 
more  rapid  manner  than  the  fibre  of  the  iron, 
and  the  effect  is  that  the  fibre  is  left  in  relief — 
in  fact,  an  etched  plate  is  formed,  from  which, 
by  suitable  ink  or  other  substances,  an  engrav- 
ing may  be  printed,  showing  every  fibre  of  the 
iron  in  clear  and  distinct  manner.  The  appli- 
cation of  this  simple  process  is  too  obvious  to 
need  much  description.  Whenever  the  forma- 
tion of  piles  in  a  rail,  round  or  other  section  of 
iron  is  required,  here  is  a  quick  and  handy 
method  for  discovering  it.  As  a  means  of  study- 
ing the  alteration  of  fibre  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  welds,  it  is  invaluable.  It  may  also  be 
applied  in  supplying  information  in  relation 
to  Mr,  Tresca's  valuable  memoirs  on  the  flow  of 
solids. 


The  Peg  Switch  has  been  adopted  as  the 
standard  by  the  "Western  Union  Telegraph  Co. 
The  diagram  shows  its  connections  as  adapted 
to  the  requirements  of  a  way  office.  It  is  so 
simple,  and  yet  so  perfect,  that  only  a  very 
brief  explanation  of  the  reference  marks  upon 
the  diagram  will  be  necessary  to  a  full  under- 
standing. 1  represents  a  vertical  metallic  bar 
or  strip  upon  the  switch,  to  which  is  connected 
a  wire  running  into  an  office,  and  2  repeeaents 
the  same  wire  going  out.  A  and  k"  and  B  and 
B'  are  metallic  buttons,  to  which  are  connected 
the  instrument  wires.  All  the  buttons  upon 
the  same  horizontal  line  are  connected  together 
at  the  back  of  the  switch. 

As  shown  in  the  cut,  the  circut  is  "open." 
To  close  it,  with  instrument  in  circuit,  it  would 
be  necessaray  only  to  insert  two  metal  plugs 


or  pegs;  one  at  the  orifice  at  B'  and  2,  and  one 
at  A  and  1.  The  course  of  the  current  would 
then  be  as  follows: — From  the  line  at  1  through 
the  peg  connection  at  A  to  instrument;  through 
instrument  to  B  and  B' ;  through  the  peg  con- 
nection there  to  the  line  at  2,  and  so  out  to  the 
main  line.  Should  it  be  desired  to  connect  the 
line  through,  without  instrument  in  circuit,  the 
insertion  of  pegs  in  the  orifice  of  either  A'  or 
B'  would  effect  the  desired  result.  The  same 
form  of  switch,  with  a  modification  of  connec- 
tions, would  answer  for  a  terminal  office.  For 
this,  let  it  be  understood,  that  a  wire,  leading 
from  a  batteiy,  one  pole  of  which  is  grounded, 
is  taken  directly  to  one  side  of  the  instrument; 
through  the  instrument  it  goes  to  A;  from  A,  if 
a  peg  be  inserted  in  its  orifice,  it  goes  to  1  and  to 
the  main  line.  If,  instead  of  placing  the  peg 
at  A  and  1,  it  be  placed  at  A'  and  2,  the  instru- 
ment would  be  connected  to  line  2.  It  will  be 
seen  that  in  the  terminal  form  but  one  line  wire 
is  necessary  to  be  on  the  switch,  and  but  one 
wire  to  the  instrument  to  form  a  circuit,  while 
in  the  way  form  two  of  each  are  required. — 
Jour.  Telegraph. 

Railroad  Torpedoes. — One  of  the  neatest 
and  most  effective  little  arrangements  for  safe- 
ty in  railroad  operations  is  the  "torpedo"  or 
alarm  signal.  This  little  affair  consists  of  a  tin 
box  about  the  size  and  shape  of  the  smallest- 
sized  blacking-boxes.  The  box  is  filled  with 
an  explosive  compound,  and  two  strips  of  tin 
are  soldered  to  two  opposite  sides  of  the  box 
perpendicular  to  its  sides  or  edges,  for  fasten- 
ing it  to  the  rail.  These  boxes  explode  on  the 
principle  of  the  percussion-cap,  with  a  loud  re- 
port. They  are  in  use  on  some  roads  for  night 
signals  and  in  foggy  weather,  when  lights  or 
flags  would  not  be  seen  in  time  to  prevent  acci- 
dent. Track-men  are  provided  with  these  tor- 
pedoes, and  in  case  of  danger  they  are  placed 
on  the  rail,  far  enough  from  the  place  of  danger 
to  prevent  disaster.  Usually  three  of  them  are 
placed  a  few  feet  apart,  to  insure  their  being 
heard  by  the  engineer.  They  are  reliable,  and 
will  explode  at  the  touch  of  the  wheel  at  the 
slowest  speed.  They  cost  but  a  trifle.  It  is 
said  that  the  Reading  company  uses  35,000  of 
the  torpedoes  per  annum  on  the  roads  which  it 
operates. — Railroad  Gazette. 


Road  Steamers— Rubber  Tires. 

The  use  of  steam  on  common  roads  has 
made  great  strides  during  the  past  year,  and  it 
is  but  fair  to  Mr.  Thompson,  of  Edinburgh,  to 
state  that  much  of  this  progress  is  due  to  him. 
Let  what  will  be  said  on  the  subject  of  india- 
rubber  tires,  it  ia  day  by  day  becoming  more 
evident  that  an  elastic  wheel  of  some  kiud  is 
essential  to  the  full  success  of  the  traction  en- 
gine or  road  locomotive.  One  of  the  great  ob- 
jeetions  to  its  use  hitherto  urged  against  it  has 
been  extremely  slow  speed  at  which  alone  it  could 
travel.  A  nominal  velocity  of  -1  miles  on  hour 
really  means,  when  all  deductions  are  made  for 
the  delays  incurred  by  Btopping  for  horses,  tak- 
ing in  water,  etc.,  a  rate  of  .not  more  than  two 
miles  an  huur.  This  does  not  tell  heavily  in 
one  sense  against  loaded  engines,  but  it  greatly 
increases  the  cost  of  working  them,  in  that,  in 
returning  light  for  a  sceoml  load,  the  duration 
of  a  trip  is  unnecessarily  prolonged. 

A  traction  engine,  to  be  readily  efficient, 
should  be  competent  to  travel,  when  it  gets  a 
chance,  at  six  miles  an  hour;  more  is  unneces- 
sary for  ordinary  work.  This  speed  cannot  be 
obtained  without  springs  of  some  sort.  It  is 
however,  very  inconvenient  to  apply  springs  in 
the  ordinary  way  to  the  driving  wheels,  for  rea- 
sons too  obvious  to  all  builders  of  such  ma- 
chines to  require  comment;  and  it  must  further 
be  remembered  that,  even  if  this  were  not  the 
case,  the  duties  of  a  spring  are  but  half  per- 
formed when  the  spring  is  located  between  the 
engine  and  the  axle.  A  Bix  feet  wheel  of  suffi- 
cient breadth,  to  be  strong  enough,  will  weigh 
about  18  cwt.,  in  some  cases  as  much  as  22  cwt. 
It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  the  dead  weight, 
unaffected  by  the  use  of  springs,  will  therefore 
amount  in  a  12-horse  power  traction  engine  to 
rather  more  than  two  tons,  which  is  highly  ob- 
jectionable. 

The  only  way  out  of  the  difficulty  lies  in  plac- 
ing the  spring  at  or  in  the  tire  of  the  wheel,  and 
the  success  which  has  attended  Mr.  Thompson 
in  his  labors  is  due  to'  the  fact,  that  his  india 
rubber  tire  exactly  complies  with  this  condition. 
The  great  objection  to  the  india-rubber  lies  in  its 
enormous  cost — over  $500  for  a  moderate  sized 
engine — and  the  uncertainty  of  the  material. 
Thus  the  Ravee  on  her  wonderful  trip  from  Ips- 
wich to  Edinburgh  and  back,  rendered  one  lead- 
ing tire  useless  on  her  journey  to  the  north, 
and  she  disabled  another  on  her  journey  to  the 
south.  As  the  tires  cost  about  $250  each,  we 
have  an  outlay  of  about  $500  for  a  journey  of 
900  miles,  or  a  cost  of  67  cts  per  mile  for  tires 
alone.  The  ruin  of  the  tire  in  this  case  was  no 
doubt,  mainly  due  to  the  heating  of  the  rubber 
caused  by  the  high  speed  maintained. — Engi- 
neer, 


Reducing  Steam-Powee. — It  is  much  more 
economical  to  reduce  power  below  that  which 
the  boiler  and  engine  can  give,  than  to  do  the 
reverse,  and  to  drive  the  boilers  and  engine 
above  their  fair  capacity,  not  to  speak  of  the 
danger  involved.  There  are  several  ways  of 
saving  fuel  by  reduction  of  power;  one  is  sim- 
ply to  economize  by  carrying  less  pressure  in 
the  boiler;  another  to  carry  the  same  pressure, 
but  to  save  steam  by  some  cut-off  arrangement; 
a  third  by  changing  the  size  of  the  main  pulley, 
so  as  to  keep  up  the  same  velocity  of  the  ma- 
chinery while  the  engine  runs  at  a  lesser  veloci- 
ty. Which  of  these  methods  is  the  most 
economical  is  difficult  to  say.  It  depends  on 
many  circumstances,  as  for  almost  every  engine 
there  is  a  peculiar  rate  of  velocity,  steam-press- 
ure, etc.,  at  which  it  runs  to  the  best  advantage. 
Manufacturer  and  Builder. 


Cjesitjm. — Few  sources  of  the  rare  metal  cae- 
sium have  recently  been  discovered,  which 
somewhat  extend  the  range  of  its  distribution. 
It  has  lately  been  detected  in  the  water  of  the 
hot  spring  of  "Wheal  Clifford,  England,  by  Col. 
Yorke,  who  finds  1.7  parts  of  the  chloride  of 
ocesium  in  one  million  parts  of  the  water,  mak- 
ing the  latter  ten  times  richer  in  this  metal  than 
that  of  the  Durkheim  spring,  in  which  it  was 
originally  discovered  by  Bunsen.  Professor 
Miller  had  previously  found  a  considerable 
amount  of  lithium  in  the  water  of  this  spring. 
From  an  examination  of  beryl  from  the  Island 
of  Elba,  E.  Becchi  announces  in  the  JZahrbuch 
fur  Mineralogie  the  obtaining  0.80  per  cent,  of 
cassia.  Elba  is  the  locality  of  pollux,  the  mineral 
which  contains  the  greatest  percentage  of  this 
metal. 


Quick  Work. — The  Cabot  Co.,  of  Brunswick, 
in  order  to  enlarge  their  cotton  mill,  lately 
moved  their  large  smoke  stack  chimney — 78 
ft.  high,  7  ft.  9  in.  square  at  base  and  5  ft. 
square  at  top,  containing  over  40,000  bricks  and 
weighing  over  100  tons — twenty  feet  without 
rollers,  balls,  guys  or  braces  to  steady  it.  Not 
one  of  those  engaged  had  ever  witnessed  the 
moving  of  such  a  body.  It  was  accomplished 
by  building  such  ways  as  are  used  in  launching 
ships;  surfaces  planed  and  greaBed,  chimney 
wedged  up  and  moved  by  two  jack-screws  in 
4%  hours.  The  flues  were  disconnected  from 
the  boiler  at  1  p.  m.,  and  at  0%  the  same  eve- 
ning the  flues  were  again  connected,  fires  going 
and  steam  up. — Industrial  Monthly. 


404 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  29,  1872. 


INING  SUMMARY. 


The  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub 
lis  tied  in  theinterior.in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned 


AMADOR  COUNTY- 

Keystone. — Jackson  Ledger,  June  22: 
This  mine  continues  its  monthly  yield 
without  diminution,  never  falling  below 
840,000. 

Bunker  Hill. — Work  has  been  resumed 
on  this  mine,  and  will  be  prosecuted  vig- 
orously. 

Mahonet. — Work  is  being  vigorously 
prosecuted  with  flattering  prospects.  The 
main  shaft  is  down  500  ft.,  with  a  well  de- 
veloped ledge  of  excellent  gold  bearing 
rock. 
CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

Prussian  Hill.— Calaveras  Chronicle, 
June  22:  The  mill  being  put  up  at  this 
mine,  near  R.  E.  Flat  will  be  ready  for  op- 
eration next  Monday. 

Clean  Up. — A  recent  "clean  up"  in  the 
Calaveras  Hydraulic   Go's,   claim,    Central 
Hill,  after  a  run  of  5  or  6  days,  gave  $1,200 
as  the  result. 
EL  DORADO  COUNTY. 

Cleaned  Pp. — Placerville  Democrat, 
June  22:  The  Oregon  Eavine  Co.  have  just 
completed  their  "clean  up,"  after  a  run  of 
about  3%months,  with  an  expense  of  a  lit- 
tle over  $2,000.  The  amount  of  gold  they 
took  out  was  $4,005  63. 
INYO  COUNTY. 

Bullion. — Inyo  Independent,  June  15: 
On  the  6th  inst.  there  were  shipped  from 
the  Deep  Spring  mill  1,721  oz.  valued  at 
$2,000 — the  proceeds  of  Lida  Valley  ore. 
NEVADA  COUNTY. 

Hope  Gravel  Mine. — Grass  Valley 
Union,  June  21:  This  mine  is  again  being 
worked  with  success.  On  Thursday  of 
last  week  the  mill  was  started  up,  after  an 
idleness  of  several  months.  The  first  run 
on  a  pile  of  tailings  was  cleaned  up  on 
Tuesday  and  resulted  in  $601  worth  of 
gold. 

Knight  of  Malta. — Yesterday  afternoon 
the  mine  sent  out  some  magnificent  quartz, 
showing  free  gold  sulphurets. 

Town  Talk. — This  old  gravel  mine  con- 
tinues to  pay  about  $2,000  per  month,  out 
of  which  there  is  a  clear  profit  of  about 
$1,200. 

Graniteville'. — Nevada  Transcript,  June 
18:  The  Brie  "Co.  struck  a  5  ft.  ledge  on 
Friday  last,  the  richest  of  any  rock  that 
has  ever  been  found  in  this  dist.  There  is 
a  very  large  seam  of  gold  running  through 
the  ledge,  and  scarcely  a  piece  of  the  rock 
but  what  shows  gold. 
The  gravel  claims  of  Crandall  &  Co. ,  near 
Graniteville,  are  paying  from  $10  to  $12 
per  day  to  the  hand. 

Oustomah  Hill, — Gentry  &  Co.,  have 
been  washing  without  interruption  for  sev- 
eral months. 

Eioh  Claims. — Marks  &  Co's.  diggings, 
at  Brandy  City,  continue  to  pan  out  well. 
Last  week  they  cleaned  up  $32,000. 

Big  Profits. — Marks  &  Co.  cleaned  up 
in  their  drift  diggings,  at  Belief  Hill,  last 
week,  $4,600  while  their  expenses  for  the 
entire  run  was  only  $150. 

PLACER  COUNTY. 

Splendid  Prospects. — Auburn  Stars 
and  Stripes,  June  20:  Mining  operations 
are  in  progress  on  the  quartz  ledge  which 
runs  through  the  Salsig  ranch.  The  Co. 
have  a  shaft  down  about  40  ft.  in  profitable 
milling  rock  all  the  way.  For  the  last  5 
or  6  ft.  their  ledge,  which  averages  from 
18  to  20  inches  in  thickness,  has  yielded 
high  grade  ore,  showing  free  gold,  heavily 
loaded  with  galena  and  other  suphurets 
and  uniformily  yielding  up  in  the  hun- 
dreds of  dollars  per  ton  from  working  tests. 

Auburn  G.  M.  Co. — The  location  em- 
braces 1,200  ft.  in  length  of  ledge.  About 
400  ft.  west  from  the  eastern  extremity  of 
the  ledge  is  the  main  shaft,  which  is  down 
107  ft.  A  new  level  has  recently  been 
started  to  the  eastward  at  a  depth  of  35  ft. 
Down  to  this  level  the  ledge  consists  of  red 
decomposed  quartz  very  friable  and  there- 
fore capable  of  being  easily  and  economi- 
cally extracted  and  worked.  Dillon  &  Co., 
in  sinking  to  a  depth  of  30  ft.,  took  out 
and  crushed  at  McFaden's  mill,  Ophir,  50 
tons  which  yielded  $79  per  ton,  exclusive 
of  sulphurets.  From  the  30  to  the  60  ft. 
level  the  same  Co.  took  out  100  tons  which 
yielded  $59  per  ton.  On  a  test  of  average 
rock  from  the  97-ft.  level  it  was  found  to 
yield  at  the  rate  of  $81.52  per  ton.  At  the 
depth  of  107  ft.  the  ledge  is  4  ft.  2  inches 
in  thickness,  and  ranges  from  18  inches 
up  to  that  thickness  all  the  way  from  the 
surface. 

North  Star. — Auburn  Herald,  June  22 : 
Since  the  beginning  of  the  present  yearthe 
Co.  have  made  4  clean-ups  of  $1,180,  $1,314, 
$2,165  and  $2,345,  respectively. 


PLUMAS  COUNTY. 

Silver  Creek.—  Cor.  Plumas  National, 
June  15:  The  Devil's  Elbow  Co.  have  com- 
pleted their  gigantic  tunnel  under  what  is 
called  the  Devil's  Elbow  Mountain,  on 
Spanish  Creek. 

Challen  &  Co.,  on  east  side  of  Gopher 
Hill,  have  found  a  splendid  channel  of  pay 
grit  in  their  tunnel. 

McVay  &  Taylor  are  busy  at  work  on 
the  Silver  Star  claims.  They  have  an  open 
cut  run  across  their  mine  1,500  ft.  in 
leDgth,  12  ft.  wide,  from  5  to  6  ft.  deep, 
and  are  waiting  for  lumber  to  commence 
laying  their  flume. 
SAN  DIECO  COUNTY. 

Bullion.— San  Diego    Union,  June   13: 
Bullion  amounting  to  $1,200  was  shipped 
to  S.  F;  by  W.,  F.  &  Co.  on  Sunday. 
TRINITY  COUNTY 

Rich  Strike.  —  Weaverville  Journal, 
13:  L.  Fakes  lately  struch  good  diggings 
near  the  East  Fork  of  Canon  Creek — him- 
self and  2  other  men  taking  out  $100  per 
day.  One  day  last  week  they  found  a  nug- 
get weighing  5  ozs. 

Junction  Cray. — Cor.  same:  Hagar  & 
Haas,  on  the  hill  back  of  town,  will  clean 
up  next  week,  and  will  do  well.  Weise  & 
Co.,  at  Bed  Hill,  will  wash  up  soon.  An- 
drew Asmussen  has  lately  opened  a  claim 
below  Charles  Bartlett's,  with  fine  pros- 
pects. Taking  it  all  through,  the  mines 
about  Junction  City  will  render  a  good  re- 
port at  the  close  of  the  season. 
TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 

Soulsbt  Quartz  Mine. — Sonora  Indepen- 
dent, June  22:  An  English  Co.  has  recently 
purchased  the  mine,  located  at  Soulsby- 
ville.  Active  operations  will  soon  be  re- 
sumed. This  will  give  employment  to 
some  50  or  60  men. 

Ohio. — The  Co.  are  engaging  hands  to 
recommence  work  in  the  tunnel,  which 
lacks  but  a  few  ft.  of  reaching  the  vein. 
The  vein  is  from  8  to  9  ft.  in  width,  and 
averages  $20  per  ton.  A  ten  stamp  mill  is 
on  the  claim. 

Sonora  Democrat,  June  22:  Pick  Up. — 
Hart  and  Wooters,  picked  up  a  piece  of 
quartz  in  the  "Riffle"  lot  claim  this  week, 
weighing  31  ounces,  well  spotted  with 
gold. 
YUBA   COUNTY. 

Grass  Valley  Union,  June  18:  Smarts- 
ville. — The  Blue  Pt.  Co.,  after  65  days' 
washing,  took  out  $90,000. 

Nevada. 

ELKO  COUNTY. 

Elko  Independent,  June  22:  Cons.  S.  M. 
Co. — The  ore  in  some  portions  of  the  vein 
assays  as  high  as  $800  per  ton,  and  the 
whole  body  runs  near  $900. 

Cope.— Cor.  Silver  City  (Idaho),  Ava- 
lanche, June  13:  The  El  Dorado,  on  which 
steam  hoisting  works  have  recently  been 
erected,  is  in  full  blast.  The  stopes  in  the 
old  mine  look  well,  and  will  send  out  lots 
of  good  ore.  The  shaft  is  all  fitted,  and 
started  to  sink  below  the  1st  level  (125  ft.) 
for  the  2d.  The  ledge  in  the  shaft  is  large, 
fully  21/,  ft. ,  with  about  6  to  10  inches  of 
splendid  rock  that  will  mill  $150  per  ton. 

The  Excelsior  is  being  worked  in  good 
earnest.  Stopes  seem  to  turn  out  well ; 
shafts  and  drifts  are  being  pushed  right 
ahead,  and  much  prospecting  is  being 
done. 

The  Independence,  which  joins  the  Ex- 
celsior on  the  north,  is  being  worked 
through  a  new  incline  shaft,  which  has 
been  recently  sunk  in  a  large  body  of  ore 
as  can  be  found  in  any  camp. 

At  the  Monitor,  is  a  large  quantity  of  ore 
waiting  shipment,  and  plenty  more  on  the 
inside.  Several  other  claims  are  being 
worked  vigorously. 

ELY  DISTRICT. 

Bullion. — Ely  Record,  June  16:  During 
the  past  week,  W.  F.  &  Co.  shipped  bull- 
ion valued  at  $106,977.88. 

A  new  and  important  strike  has  been 
made  on  the  423-foot  level  of  the  Lightner 
shaft;  as  a  few  days  since,  in  running  the 
lower  drift,  a  large  body  of  very  rich  ore 
was  cut  into.  The  ore  shows  fully  8  ft.  in 
width,  and  is  equal  in  richness  to  any  yet 
found  in  the  mine. 

Chapman  No.  2. — This  claim  is  the  first 
west  of  the  Chapman.  The  shaft  is  down 
90  ft.  A  drift  has  been  run  from  the  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft  due  west,  toward  the  Huhn 
&  Hunt,  on  the  ledge  and  ore,  the  entire 
distance.  It  is  the  intention  to  erect  hoist- 
ing works. 

Louise. — A  contract  has  been  let  by  the 
Supt.  to  sink  50  ft.  on  the  Anna  Dickinson, 
which  will  make  the  shaft  120  ft.  in  depth 
when  completed.  This  mine  is  looking 
well ;  ledge  shows  full  width,  and  carries 
mineral  throughout,  and  a  good  body  of 
ore  can  be  obtained  by  sinking.  A  con- 
tract to  sink  100  feet  on  the  Grattan  shaft 
has  also  been  let.    On  the  Goodspeed  shaft 


work  is  going  ahead  as  usual,  and  the  mine 
looks  extremely  well  throughout.  The 
shaft  is  down  60  feet 

Ivanhoe. — New  shaft  down  75  ft.,  show- 
ing 4  feet  of  ore  in  the  bottom.  This  ore 
assays  from  $75  to  $120  per  ton,  and  car- 
ries a  larger  per  cent,  of  gold  than  any  yet 
discovered  in  the  district. 

Bowery. — Prospecting  in  the  old  works 
continues,  and  indications  are  good. 

Baymond  &  Ely. — Work  on  this  mine 
continues  as  usual,  and  are  shipping  usual 
quantity  to  mill.  On  the  423-foot  level, 
in  the  east  drift,  an  immense  body  of  high 
grade  ore,  8  feet  in  width,  has  been  struck. 
Harper. — Shaft  is  down  41  feet,  and 
sinking  going  ahead  with  good  progress. 
A  depth  of  50  feet  will  run  a  drif t,  to  the 
ledge  and  prospect  thoroughly. 

Townsend. — Shaft  280  feet  deep,  with 
the  lede  4  feet  in  width;  but  as  yet  it  is 
barren. 

Burke  Tunnel. — In  about  600  feet,  and 
pushing  ahead. 

Mocking  Bird.— Sinking  of  shaft  con- 
tinues, and  mine  looks  very  well  through- 
out. 

Alpine  &  Medassa  Con. — In  sinking  the 
shaft,  three  distinct  ledges  have  been  cut 
through,  all  carrying  ore  and  assaying  well 
for  the  depth  at  which  they  were  cut. 

Washington  &  Creole. — Shaft  down  28 
feet  below  the  442-foot  level,  and  still  sink- 
ing. Since  P.  C.  Hyman  took  charge,  2 
drifts  have  been  started  east,  one  from  the 
342  foot  level,  and  the  other  from  the  442- 
foot  level.  At  present,  about  150  tons  of 
ore  on  the  dump,  which  will  mill  on  an 
average  $100  per  ton. 

Grey  Eagle. — Sinking  of  shaft  goes 
steadily  ahead,  and  good  progress  is  being 
made.  Ore  shows  2%  feet  in  width  in  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft,  and  looks  very  well. 
Chief  of  the  Hill. — Have  not  yet  made 
air  connection  with  the  surface.  Da  rais- 
ing, a  fine  body  of  ore,  21/,  feet  in  width, 
was  opened  up.     Mine  looks  well. 

Desdemona.  —  Pushing  the  west  drift 
ahead,  and  in  125  feet  from  Fuller  shaft. 
The  drift  is  within  110  feet  of  the  discovery 
shaft.  Sinking  of  discovery  shaft  contin- 
ues, and  is  within  20  feet  of  the  level  of 
the  drift  running  west  from  the  Fuller 
shaft. 

Condor.  —  Work  on  sinking  new  shaft 
progresses  slowly,  as  the  rock  is  very  hard. 
The  old  shaft  is  down  136  ft. 

Newark. — Will  shortly  commence  tim- 
bering the  shaft  throughout.  At  present 
sinking  of  the  winze  on  the  lower  level 
continues. 

Chapman.  —  Commencing  to  stope  on 
ore.  Work  on  sinking  of  shaft  has  been 
temporarily  suspended.  The  working  force 
will  be  increased  to-morrow. 

Aztec. — Shaft  down  50  ft.  Ledge  shows 
well  in  the  bottom,  and  carries  about  a 
foot  wide  of  good  milling  ore. 

Excelsior. — Have  commenced  sinking  a 
new  winze  on  ore,  from  the  150  ft.  level. 
Have  also  increased  the  working  force, 
and  are  now  stoping. 

Spring  Mountain  Tunnel.  —  Drift  on 
second  ledge  in  40  ft.,  and  improving  as 
opend  out. 

Pacific  Tunnel. — Pushing  tunnel  ahead 
rapidly,  and  making  about  4  ft.  every  24 
hours.     Looking  very  well  in  the  face. 

Spring  Mound. — The  whim  has  been 
completed  and  timbering  of  the  shaft  is 
almost  finished. 

Meadow  Valley.— Shipping  and  rais- 
ing the  usual  quantity  of  ore.  Work  on 
the  building  over  the  Summit  shaft  has 
been  commenced,  and  the  house  will 
soon  be  completed. 

Alps. — Still  sinking  on  the  new  work 
ing  shaft,  and  making  about  a  foot  a  day 
as  the  ground  continues  very  hard.  Shaft 
down  120  ft. 

Sunbeam. — Just  cutting  into  the  ledge, 
with  small  seams  of  ore  coming  in  con- 
stantly. Expect  to  be  into  a  good  body 
of  ore  in  a  few  more  shifts. 

Stirline.  —  Mine  looking  well.  The 
shaft  is  down  about  142  ft.  with  a  ledge 
showing  in  the  bottom. 

Orleans.  —  Sinking  of  shaft  going 
ahead  as  usual,  good  progress  being  made. 
Ore  is  showing  in  bunches  through  the 
ledge. 

Phenix. — Shaft  is  down  246  ft.  and  con- 
tract has  been  let  to  sink  it  100  ft.  deeper. 
The  mine  looks  well  and  promising. 

San  Jose  Con. — Running  tracing  drift 
on  the  ledge  towards  the  Alps.  Ledge 
carries  mineral  throughout. 

Ingomar. — Sinking  of    new   shaft   con- 
tinues with  good  progress. 
HUMBOLDT. 

Bullion. — TJnionville  Silver  State,  June 
22:  Amount  shipped  from  the  Arizona 
mine,  since  our  last  issue,  was  $7,786. 

Arizona. — This  mine  is  being  worked 
with  a  force  of  90  men,  who  raise  daily  a 
large  amount  of  both  milling  and  ship- 


ping ore,  and  are  extending  explorations 
in  all  directions  from  main  level. 
REESE  RIVER. 

Monitor  Ore. —  Reese  River  Reveille, 
June  13:  There  are  50  tons  of  rich  ore  at 
the  Manhattan  Mill  awaiting  crushing 
from  the  Monitor  mine  at  Belmont;  33, 
tons  of  unassorted  ore  from  the  same 
mine  were  worked  at  the  Mammoth  Mill 
last  week  which  yielded  $423  per  ton. 
About  100  tons  on  the  dump, 

Murphy  Co.— The  mill  of  the  Murphy 
Co.,  Ophir  Canon  has  been  closed  down 
for  a  short  time.  In  the  meantime,  work 
is  progressing  in  the  mine,  30  men  being 
engaged  stoping.  Sinking  and  running 
drifts.  A  fine  body  of  ore  has  been 
struck  in  the  third  south  level,  the  extent 
of  which  has  not  yet  been  developed  al- 
though it  covers  the  entire  surface  of  the 
drift. 

Jefferson  Canon  Ore.— Mr.  J.  C.  John- 
son had  crushed  yesterday  at  the  Manhat- 
tan Mill,  3%  tons  of  ore  from  the  Jeffer- 
son mine.  The  ore  was  divided  into  lBt. 
and  2d  class.  The  assay  of  the  former 
being  $966.08  and  of  the  latter  $662.88 
per  ton.  The  ore  was  taken  from  within 
6  feet  of  the  surface. 
WASHOE. 

Bullion. — Virginia  Enterprise,  June  22: 
There  was  yesterday  received  at  the  Bank 
of  Cal.  $20,293.15  in  silver  bars  from  the 
Belcher. 

Local  Summary.— Gold  Hill  News,  June 
22:  Crown  Point.— Daily  yield  nearly  600 
tons,  keeping  all  the  mills  of  the  Co.  again 
running.  The  water  being  out  of  the  1,300- 
ft.  level,  the  ore  developments  being 
made  at  that  point  are  of  the  richest  and 
most  important  character. 

Ophir.— Shaft  down  1,360  ft.,  and  in 
good  ground  for  sinking.  The  drifts  both 
north  and  south  at  the  1,100-ft.  level 
show  a  much  more  favorable  appearance, 
giving  good  promise  of  ore  developments. 
Yellow  Jacket. — Daily  yield  25  tons 
from  the  old  workings;  prospecting,  not 
developing  any  new  ore  bodies  as  yet. 

Kentuck. — Daily  yield  50  tons  of  mill- 
ing ore  from  old  workings.  The  water  from 
the  Crown  Point  being  about  drained  out 
again,  prospecting  at  the  lowest  level  of  the 
Kentuck  will  be  resumed. 

Imperial-Empire. — The  incline  is  down 
92  ft.  bekw  the  1650-ft.  level  and  still 
making  good  downward  progress.  The 
drift  west  of  the  ledge,  at  the  1,000-ft. 
level,  is  in  300  ft.,  and  the  rock  indicates 
proximity  to  the  ledge. 

Justice. — Yielding  daily  about  20  tons 
of  good  payiug  ore  from  the  south  mine. 
Thus  far  no  operations  have  been  resumed 
in  the  drift  at  the  400-ft.  level,  other  than 
clearing  out,  repairing,  etc.,  which  was 
interrupted  by  the  water. 

Savage. — Daily  yield  a  little  over  200 
tons,  assays  averaging  $22.  Considerable 
prospecting  is  being  done  at  the  1,500-ft. 
level,  with  no  new  developments  as  yet. 

Jacob  Little. — The  tunnel  running 
northerly  develops  a  fine  ledge  of  paying 
ore,  which  is  evidently  about  20  ft.  wide. 
Over  100  tons  of  it  is  on  the  dump  ready 
for  hauling  to  mill. 

Hale  &  Norcross. — Daily  yield,  50  tons, 
principally  from  the  second  station  of  the 
lower  mine. 

New  York  Con. — Owing  to  great  influx 
of  water  the  first  of  the  week,  further  sink- 
ing in  the  main  shaft  had  to  be  discon- 
tinued. 

Chollar-Potosi.— The  Blue  Wing  and 
other  ore  sections  are  looking  and  yielding 
fully  as  well  as  at  our  last  report.  Yester- 
day $30-000  worth  of  bullion  was  shipped. 
Red  Jacket. — The  ledge  is  abuut  4  ft. 
wide,  and  widens  as  it  passes  further  into 
the  bill. 

Con.  Virginia. — The  favorable  indica- 
tion at  the  500-ft.  level  still  continues,  and 
the  spots  of  ore  give  promise  of  a  good 
body  before  long. 

Belcher.— Daily  yield  280  tons,  from 
the  1,100-ft.  level.  The  main  incline  is 
down  420  ft.  below  the  850ft.  level  and 
the  drift  west  from  the  1,100-ft.  level  to 
intersect  it  in  100  ft. 

Caledonian. — New   shaft  down  710  ft. 

At  the  400-ft.  level  the  drift  is  in  132  ft. 

Prospects  are  good  and  all  working  well. 

Daney. — The  shaft  is  down  80  ft.  below 

the  500-ft.  level. 

Gould  &  Curry. — Incline  down  75  ff. 
below  the  1,500-ft.  level,  and  making  fair 
progress.     The  east  drift  is  in  165  ft. 

Buckeye. — Daily  yield  22  tons.  The 
ore  stopes  are  looking  and  yielding  excel- 
lently. 

Knickerbocker.  —  Shaft  down  317  ft. 
Rock  very  hard,  and  some  little  water 
coming  in.  The  new  hoisting  works  op- 
erate exceedingly  well. 

Lyons  &  Leland.— The  fine  back  ledge 
opened  by  the  lower  tunnel  is  looking 
splendidly. 


June  29,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


Sotbo  Tunsel.— Total  length  2,933  ft. 

Sui  'OR. — New  shaft  down  150  ft.,  and 
better  progress  being  made  as  the  rock  is 
getting  softer.     Mill  not  running. 

JVlia.  — The  ore  the  shaft  is  passing 
through  in  sinking,  assays  about  f  12  to  the 
ton.  One  little  streak  about  an  inch  wide 
assays  over  S2.000  to  the  ton. 

Siekka  Nevada.— Daily  yield,  50  tons. 
WHITE  PINE. 

Treasure  Him,  Mines.  —  White  Pine 
.iVeiM,  June  15:  Eberhart  A-  Aurora 
Co.'s  Mines. — The  Beecher  and  the  North 
Aurora  works  are  pushed  ahead  as  usual, 
with  but  a  limited  force  of  meu.  The  ore 
in  the  different  workings  shows  an  increased 
body.  The  South  chamber,  leading  from 
tho  Lady's  chamber  of  the  North  Aurora 
has  improved  since  last  report. 

ieu  Co. — There  is  a  force  of  10 
men  employed  in  the  underground  works 
at  present  running  2  drifts  on  contract, 
from  tho  Ward  IJeeohor  and  No.  4  shafts. 
Extracting  _-j  tons  of  ore  per  day. 

Hamilton  &  Co. — Col.  Miller  is  bus- 
ily engaged  in  placing  the  mill  and  mines 
in  shape.  A  force  of  men  is  at  work  on 
the  Pogonip  Sc  Othello  mines,  on  Pogonip 
Flat.  It  is  expected  that  the  mine  will  be 
crushing  in  10  days  from  date. 

Booth  Aurora. — The  Sup.  is  making 
preparations  for  putting  the  diamond  drill 
at  work. 

Silver  Wave. — The  ore  in  the  Boswell 
chamber  holds  out  in  body  and  grade. 
The  ore  on  the  dumps  will  be  shipped 
soon. 

San  Juan  del  Bio  —  The  Co.  has  let  a 
contract  to  sink  a  shaft  100  ft.  deep  on  the 
ore  body.  Ore  of  higli  grade  has  been 
taken  out,  and  there  is  a  good  show  for 
the  ore  body  to  hold  out. 

Original  Hidden  Treasure. — There  is 
a  force  of  05  men  employed  in  and  about 
the  mine.  A  contract  has  been  made  for 
the  hauling  of  ore  to  the  Big  Smoky  mill 
for  3  months.  The  mill  has  been  running 
steadily  since  starting  up. 

Second  South  Hidden  Treasure. — 
At  the  time  of  the  miners'  strike,  the  west 
drift  had  reached  the  west  wall  of  the  so- 
called  ore  channel.  A  body  of  quartz  and 
ledge  matter  15  ft.  in  thickness  was  cut 
through  before  reaching  the  wall. 

Copper  Glance. — The  ledge  as  far  as 
developed,  shows  15  ft.  of  good  milling 
ore.  A  contract  is  let  to  sink  the  north 
shaft  40  ft.  A  drift  will  be  run  south  from 
the  bottom  of  the  40-foot  shaft  to  conneot 
with  the  main  shaft. 

Pennsylvania. — The  Company  has  re- 
sumed work. 

Sunbeam. — The  owners  are  cleaning  out 
the  shaft  and  breasts,  and  will  soon  com- 
mence extracting  pay  ore. 

Mammoth. — Working  100  men.  Ore  in 
the  new  cut  is  opening  out  well.  About  6 
tons  is  extracted  daily,  whioh  assays  $100 
to  the  ton. 

Dolly  Varden. — This  mine  is  on  the 
southeast  slope  of  Treasure  Hill.  A  bunch 
of  line  ore  was  found  by  one  of  the  owners, 
by  accident,  a  few  days  since,  which  assays 
$30  to  S40  to  the  ton.  Active  operations 
will  begin  the  coming  week. 

East  Sheboygan. — The  Exchange  and 
Regent  drifts  show  fair  milling  ore.  Supt. 
Rogers  commenced  shipping  ore  to  mill 
the  7th  of  the  month. 

Arizona. 

Items. — Prescott  Miner,  June  8:  The 
mines  around  Prescott  now  being  worked, 
are  yielding  plenty  of  rich  ore.  The  Del 
Pasco  Co.  are  taking  out  fair  quantities  of 
gold. 

Placer  miners  on  Lynx  Creek  are  mak- 
ing from  $5  to  $20  per  day.  Those  at  work 
on  the  Hassavampa  are  also  doing  well. 

Mining  in  Wallapai  Dist  is  being  prose- 
cuted with  vigor  and  success.  Both  the 
furnaces  and  Hardy's  mill  are  running. 
Rioh  discoveries  have  been  made  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Cerbat. 

Colorado. 

Colorado  Gulch. — Cor.  Central  Regis- 
ter, June  12:  Three  Cos.  will  work  in  Pry- 
ing-pan Gulch.  At  California  Gulch  all 
the  old  Cos.  are  at  work,  and  some  new 
ones.  The  lode  miners  are  all  busy,  and 
with  good  prospects.  The  American  Flag 
and  Lincoln  will  help  to  swell  the  bullion 
product  this  summer.  Paul  &  Co.  intend 
to  erect  a20-stamp  mill  on  the  Iowa  Gulch, 
to  crush  Printer  Boy  ore.  The  main  shaft 
is  280  ft.  deep.  The  Pilot  Co.  have  been 
taking  out  good  pay  dirt  all  winter. 

Waiter  Jones  is  working  the  Cash  Creek 
Co.'s  ground  this  season,  and  will  succeed 
well. 

The  McNulty  Gulch  Co.  found  good  pay 
on  the  side  of  the  gulch  where  it  was  sup- 
posed the  gulch  was  worked  out,  or  pay 
streak  had  run  out. 

Tennis  &  Co.  are  working  the  Unexpect- 
ed lode,  in  Lake  Gulch.     Thoir  last  run 


405 


of  ore  yielded  a  little  over  4  ozs.  per  cord. 

Stevens  &  Co.  are  working  the  Birming- 
ham lode,  and  have  been  taking  out  quite 
a  low  grade  of  ore,  but  present  indications 
are  that  the  ore  is  improving  in  quality. 

Thatciier,  Standley  &  Co.  exhibited  on 
their  counters  yesterday,  a  magnificent 
sugar  loaf-shaped  gold  retort,  weighing 
500  ozs.,  from  the  Leavitt  mine,  the  prod 
net  of  about  05  cords  of  stamped  ore,  and 
worth  $19  per  oz.  in  currency.  The  gross 
product  of  the  mine  for  May,  $20,000. 

Cascade. — Caribou  Post,  June  13:  The 
"  D.  D."lode,  Cascade  Dist.,  at  18  ft.  is 
opening  out  into  a  splendid  crevice  of  ore 
30  inches  in  width.  A  short  distance  from 
this  lode,  tho  same  parties — Dora  &  Dick- 
inson— are  sinking  on  the  "Andy  John- 
son "  lode,  with  very   flattering  prospects. 

Idaho. 

Local  Record. — Silver  City  Avalanche, 
June  13:  The  Oro  Fino  has  500  tons  of  ore 
on  the  dump. 

The  Elmore  has  300  tons  out  at  the  mine, 
and  they  are  running  tho  8th  level  drifts 
from  tho  winze  with  the  utmost  dispatoh. 
The  main  shaft  is  down  70  ft.  below  the 
7th  level,  and  looks  splendidly. 

The  Golden  Chariot  has  250  tons  of  ore 
at  the  mine  ready  for  milling. 

The  War  Eagle  is  looking  well  both 
north  and  south  in  the  drifts. 

The  Empire  shaft  is  down  90  ft.  and  the 
winze  40  ft.  The  ledge  in  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft  is  3  ft.  wide,  showing  rich  ore. 

The  Illinois  Central  has  100  tons  of  rich 
ore  on  the  dump. 

The  Omega  has  commenced  taking  out 
ore  again. 

C.  S.  Miller  has  resumed  work  on  the 
Red  Jacket,  and  has  20  or  30  tons  of  rich 
ore  on  the  dump. 

The  placer  mines  all  have  a  good  head 
of  water  and  are  running  night  and  day 
with  good  pay. 

Montana. 

Oro  Fino.— Deer  Lodge  New  North 
West,  June  15:  Parties  who  have  been 
prospecting  between  Oro  Fino  and  Silver 
Bow,  have  found  fair  diggings — $8  to  $10 
per  day.  Wages  are  $5  for  whites  and 
$1.75  to  $3  for  Chinese. 

Blackfoot. — Correspondence  same:  Asa 
Brown,  reports  a  rich  discovery  of  gold- 
bearing  quartz  at  the  headof  Ophir  Gulch. 
Frank  Green's  flume  is  1%  miles  long, 
with  large  oertainties.  Mining  is  going 
on  vigorously. 

Washington  Guloh.  —Correspondence 
same:  Peter  Coffey  and  Juo.  Ferris  have 
opened  up  Milk  Man's  Gulch,  a  tributary 
of  Washington,  and  are  doing  well.  Pat 
Williams,  Ferris  &  Co.  are  working  their 
claims  on  Washington  Bar,  near  the  mouth 
of  Left  Hand  Fork,  and  are  making  from 
$9  to  $12  per  day  to  the  hand.  Joe  Par- 
mantel  &  Co.  are  sluicing  in  the  Right 
Hand  Fork,  and  doing  well.  Tim  Sinnon 
&  Co.  will  commence  cleaning  bedrock  next 
week.  Duncan  Seaton  &  Co.  have  put  in 
a  bedrock  flume  in  the  lower  end  of  Wash- 
ington Gulch,  and  expect  to  make  some 
good  runs. 

Deer  Lodge  Mines. — Deer  Lodge  Inde- 
pendent, June  18:  There  are  12  hydraulics 
operating  on  Pilgrim  Bar  and  something 
over  100  men  find  employment  at  $5 
per  day.  Some  Co's.  clean  up  from  $4,000 
to  $5,000  per  week,  and  all  the  claims  are 
said  to  pay. 

Two  hydraulics  and  17  gronnd  sluices 
are  runnimg  at  Butte,  and  some  of  the 
Co's.  have  taken  out  as  high  as  from  30  to 
50   oz.  per  week. 

About  30  men  are  in  the  vicinity  of 
Rocker.  Wolverton's  new  diggings,  on 
McMinnville  Bar,  are  paying  handsomely. 

Several  hydraulics  and  a  number  of 
ground-sluices  are  running  in  the  vicinity 
of  Silver  Bow,  furnishing  employment  for 
from  75  to  100  men. 

Cedar. — The  mines  at  Cedar  Creek  are 
paying  well. 

Utah. 

Shipped. — S.  L.  Tribune,  June  20:  Walk- 
er Bros,  shipped  last  evening  to  the  East 
5  bars  of  silver  bricks,  aggregating  6,843 
ounces,  and  worth  about  $7,100  in  coin. 

Will  Run. — H.  S.  Jacobs'  furnaces  at 
Stocton,  will  start  up  inside  of  30  days. 

Ophir  Dist. — Work  is  going  forward 
rapidly  on  all  the  mines,  the  Pioneer  mill 
is  in  full  blast  on  all  the  arastras  running 
and  the  furnaces  filling  up  .The  large  water 
mill  power  of  the  New  Jersey  Milling  and 
Furnace  Co  is  almost  completed,  together 
with  2  smelters  in  course  of  erection. 

An  immense  force  of  men  are  emplojed  on 
the  Zella,  Tiger,  Rockwell  and  Petaluma, 
all  combined  under  the  one,  Tiger. 

Work  on  the  mines  in  Dry  canon  is 
pushed  forward  vigorously.  Wages  in 
Ophir  Dist.  ranges  from  $4  to  $4.50  per 
day. 


S.  F.  Stock  and  Exohanga  Boari 

Thuesday,  Jane  '27. 

The  sales  at  the  Board  for  the  week  ending 
Wednesday  evening,  the  19th  inst.  wore  only 
$1,510,000— smaller  than  they  have  been  for 
some  months.  Tho  Raymond  and  Ely  mine 
has  sent  down  thus  far  on  June  account,  $'2'23,- 
200.  The  Eureka  Consolidated  mine  sent  to 
mill,  790  tons  of  ore  last  week  and  704  this 
week.  The  Eureka  mine's  lust  "ele&D  up"  was 
(125  ounces.  The  Savage  mine  took  oat  last 
week  1,283  tons  ore  assaying  $23.70  per  ton. 
The  llulo  and  Norcross  mine  yielded  during 
the  same  period  425  tons.  The  Crown  Point 
mine  shipped  $40,000  this  week;  the  Meadow 
Valley  shipped  between  tho  8th  and  14th  insl. 
$51,000;  the  Piocho  sent  down  this  weok  $11,- 
000,  and  the  Sierra  Nevada  mine  $4,900.  The 
Crown  Point  mine  yielded  last  week,  2,840 
tons  of  ore  valued  at  $112,000. 

Storks  have  fluctuated  again  considerably 
this  week.  On  Friday  they  were  very  quiet 
although  the  market  was  considered  firm;  on 
Saturday  the  same  with  some  advance  in  prices. 
Monday  was  a  bright  day  and  the  market 
opened  strong  and  Belcher  advanced  $50  over 
Saturdays  sales,  Kentuek  $70,  Gould  &  Curry 
$15,  Segregated  Belcher  $16,  Yellow  Jacket  $0, 
Raymond  &  Ely  $4,  Crown  Point  $30,  Cale- 
donia $5,  and  Chollar-Potosi  and  Consolidated 
Virginia  each  $2,  Alpha  declined  $1  and  Savage 
$2.  On  Tuesday  prices  again  dropped,  Crown 
Point  declining  from  previous  morning's  sales 
S20,  Kentuek  $70,  Alpha  $5,  Chollar-Potosi  $3, 
Exchequer  $2,  Gould  &  Curry  $2,  Segregated 
Belcher  $15,  Yellow  Jacket  $5  and  Raymond  & 
Ely  $2.  Savage  advanced  $8,  Hale  &  Nor- 
cross $8  and  Ophir  $1.  On  Wednesday  prices 
were  still  lower,  Kentuek  showing  a  decline  of 
$15  from  previous  morning's  sales,  Belcher  $45, 
Chollar-Potosi  and  Savage  each  $8,  Alpha  S3, 
Crown  Point,  Caledonia,  Hale  &  Norcross, 
Exchequer  and  Ophir  each  $2.  Eureka  Con- 
solidated, Golden  Chariot  and  Pioche  each  $8, 
Segregated  Belcher  $5  and  Yellow  Jacket  $6. 
American  Flag  raised  $1.50.  To-day's  prices 
show  a  still  further  decline  and  the  market  is 
very  weak. 

Fifteen  mining  companies  have  levied  asess- 
ments  which  become  delinquent  in  June,  viz : 
Adams  Hill  Cons.,  Baltimore,  Cascade,  El  Do- 
rado, Gen.  Lee,  Hidden  Treasure  Cons.,  Ida 
Elmore,  Independent,  Justice,  Minnesota, 
Pea  Vine,  Pride  of  the  Mountain,  Union 
Gravel,  Virtue,  Washington  and  Creole.  The 
total  amount  of  their  assessments  aggregates 
$220,850.  Four  dividends  have  been  paid  this 
month,  Belcher  paying  $312,000  or  $30  per 
share;  Crown  Point,  $300,000  or  $3  per  share; 
Meadow  Valley,  $60,000  or  $1  per  share;  and 
Raymond  and  Ely,  $210,000  or  $7.  This  sums 
up  as  dividends  $882,000;  while  the  assess- 
ments were  $220,850  which  leaves  a  balance  for 
the  month  in  favor  of  stockholders  of  $661,150. 

The  San  Francisco  Stock  Report,  contains  a 
tabulated  statement  of  the  monthly  bullion 
product  of  the  principal  mines  on  the  coast  for 
the  past  year.  Twenty-seven  mines  have  yield- 
ed $13,355,210,  while  the  yield  of  the  same 
mines  in  1870,  was  $7,465,000— the  figures, 
showing  an  increase  of  nearly  $6,000,000.  This 
is  probably  due  to  the  increased  yield  of  the 
Crown  Point,  Belcher  and  Savage  mines,  and 
the  new  income  from  the  Raymond  &  Ely, 
Meadow  Valley  and  Eureka  Consolidated  mines. 

Comparative  Prices— Extremes.  Advance  and 
Decline.— S.  F.  Stock  and  Ex.  Board. 

June  20.    Miijliejft.   Loiccst.    June  27.    Ado.  Dc. 
25 


Alpha $42 

American  Flag..  IB 

Belcher 060 

Buckeye — 

Chollar-Potosi..  119 

Caledonia  45 

Cona.  Virginia. . .    22J^ 

Crown  Point 164 

Daney 2}£ 

Eureka  Cona —  20 

tureka I6'fi 

Exchequer 10 

Gould  A  Curry. .  — 
Golden  Chariot..  9 
Hale  A  Norcross.  68 

Ida  Elmore — 

Imperial 7 

Kentuek 280 

Mammoth !)0c 

Meadow  Valley..  15 

Mahogany — 

Ophir 27% 

Orig.  Hid.  Treas.  — 

Overman 75 

Pioche 15^ 

Raymond  A  Ely.  13 1 

Savage  142« 

Sierra  Nevada. . .  — 

Succor 4 

Wash.  A  Creole..    i% 
Yellow  Jacket.  ..129 

Justice  10,^ 

Seg.  Belchor. . 


19K 
1120 
Hi 

67 

28  'i 
200 
2<4 

29 

16« 

16 
172*4 


17« 
950 

3^ 
109 
4« 
20 


16M 


7 
59 
15 


195f 
1005 

3« 
110 

63 

WA 
178 
2!f 

27« 

II 
V.VA 


1« 
55 


7 

4 

5K 



1M 

370 

270 

285 

ft 

90c 

60c 

60c 

.19c 

iv« 

— 

15* 

M 

21 

38 

3'Ui 

36« 

— 

1 

11 

10 

10 

t. 

75 

86 

II 

13« 

UH 

1 

111 

131 

138 

l.M 

142K 

142,1-S 

— 

16 

37n 

124 


Latest  Prices— Bid  and  Asked. 


BID.  ASKED 


Alpha  Cona 27 

Amador. — 

Belcher 1000 

Chollar-Poto9i..     100 
Crown  Point...,     ltJU 

Daney 2 

Eureka  Cons. . . .      2G&       27 

Eureka —  — 

Golden  Chariot.      —  — 

Gould  A  Cnrry.     1521$      156 
Hale  &  Norcross     ffi  70 


lcoo 
iii'..".. 


BID.  ASKED. 

Tda  Elmore ~  — 

Imperial 4J£  414 

Kentnck 280  280 

Meadow  Valley..    15>fi  16W 

Ophir 32)5  33 

On*.  Hid.  Treas    —  — 

OvermaD 85M  86 

Savage 138  139 

Raymond  &  Ely.    134  135 

Sierra  Nevada...     15  15H 

Yellow  Jaoket...  1U  115 


Mining  Shareholders'  Direotory— Meet- 
ings, Assessments  and  Dividends. 

[Compiled  weekly  from  advertisements  in  tho  Scikh. 
titio  Peebb  and  other  San  Frauclbco  Journmljj.] 

ASSESSMENTS. 

NAME,  LOCATION,  AMODNT  AJJD  DAT  ©Ay 

OATZ(WAME88MENT  DELINQUENT.      OF  BALE. 

oJpB  U.Co.,  Ely  Dist.  New,  June  18,  50c.  July  26-Aufl  19 
Aruona&l'tah  M.Co.,  Nev.,  June  4.GOO,  July  10— July  31 
Bellevue.  Plu.-f-r  Co.,  Oil,,  Juub  '20,  BOcJuly  S9— Au  ly 
Cwadfl  Blue  a.  M.  Co.  Cal.  May  15,  20c.  J  urn-  18— July  9 
OnsrokM  Flat  B.G.  Co  ,  Cal.  June  «,  $1.  July  10— Ju)y27 
OorOOi  OODB.,  EuivkaPf.i.Jim<  J.',  lUV.JuIv  31— Allfi  -1"- 
Crown  Point  Ravine  H.  Co.  .May  8. $5..  June '20— July  30 
Dfiflano0M.Oo..OTtB8Valley,  June  ft,  SOo,  July  ft— July  3a 

Ba«le  Qnlckallvei    Mny8,  «40 July  11— July  15* 

6ckendQrnM.Co.,C»lBveraeCo,.  JFone8.ta.July  18—  Jnfr-)ft 
El  Dorado  M.Oo..  Cal.,  Mnv  13, 25c... June  10— Jwll»1l> 

Exchequer  Gold  Bm,  June  26,  $3 July  :ti— Auk  •>" 

FranciH,  Mariposa  Co..  Jane  18,  $1 July  30  auaust  It 

GenXeeS.M.Oo..W.  Pino,Ap'137,10o..Jane3£— Juiyia 
Golden  ciLuri.it.  Idaho,  June  29,  83.20.. Jtdy  SB— Aus  n 

Dutch  Flat  B.  G.  Cu..Cal...lum-  11,  $135,  July  10  -  Auk  8 
Hid.  Treas.  M.  Co.,  w.  p..  May  11.  luc.Juue  17— July  k 
Hid  Tr.KR.Conu.M.Co..W.P.,May  11,  10c. .June  17— July 8 
Howard  Hill  M . Co.,0. Valley,  Juu.-4,  $5..hiiy  5— July  211 
Hubu  k  Hunt,  Ely  Difit.,  May  29,  60  cts..July  5— July  30 
Ida  Eunore  M.  Co.,  Idaha.Mny  24,  13. .June  '-".'—July0? 
Im).  p-nuVnt  G.M  Co.,  Cal..  May  10, 50c. Jim.'  23— July  12 
IngmuarM.  Co.,  Kly  Dist.,  June  5,  25o  July  15- AufiuVit  9 
JncobLittkM  ■•'".,  Yirtfiniii.N.rv. May  yo.f'vJulv  1— Julyai 

Juhttci;  M.  Co.  Storey  Co.  Nev.,  Si June  24— July  15 

Kentuek  M.Co. .Gold  Hill. Nev., June  12, $10,  Ju  16-Aug  5 

Knickerbocker.  Nev.,  May  30,  f\ July."!— July  2:1 

Lemon  M.  k  M.Co  ,  Nev.,  May  211,  $1 July  0— Aug, 10 

Lyons  feWheeler,,  Arizona,  May  18, 10c. June  24— July  15* 

MinaRica  M.  Co.,  May  8,  vOc Juno  10— July  1* 

Minnesota  M.  Co.,  I,  T..  May  12,  $1.50.  Juno  22^uly  20 
Newark  M.Co, Ely  Dist. Nev. .June  12,  Odc.July  22-Au«  17 
Newton  BoothCouB.M.Co.,Xev.June  6,80c  July  12— Aug.i 

Ohio  Cons.  M.  Co.  Cal.,  May  21,  10c June  20— July  20 

Overman  M.Co. .Gold  Hill,Nev.,June  5, U.  July  18— Aug7 
Paciue  Borax  Co,,  Nevada,  May  4,  20e.  ..June  6— June2» 
Pea  Vine  S. M.Co. .Ely  Dist.,Muy  14,20c. .June  20— July  12 
Potomac  S.M  Co.,NyeCo.,Nev,June0.5Uc  July  15— Ai'iglO 
Pride  of  Mt.M.  Co.  Nov.,  May  7,26c...  Jnno  17— July  10 
Rising  Star  S.M.  Co  ,  Idaho,  Ap'l  27,  $1.  .June  1— June  20 

Roxby,  Gold  Hill,  June  3,  50c July  0— July  27 

Star  Cone..  Eureka  Diet.,  June  20,  25c.July  29,  August  211 
Hi. Patrick  M.Co. .Placer  Co., Cal. .June  19,$:),Ju27-Augl'J 
Tecuinseh,  Gopher  Diet.,  June  20,  lOc.Joly  31— Aug.  22* 

Union  G.  M.  Co..  Cal.,  May  20,  $2.50 June  22- July  9* 

Union  G.  M.  Co.,  Cal..  June  25.  $1 July  29— Aug.  19* 

Washington  M.  Co.,  May  8,  $3 June  11-  June  29* 

Wanh.&  Creole  M.  Co.,Nev.,Mayl3,75c..June  20— July  17 
Wbmemucca  Chief,  Nev.,  June  19,  ISc.Julv  30— Aug.  20* 
Woodland  M.  Co.,  Cal.,  May  21, 12,'vcJune  25— July  16* 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

AltonaNo.  1  Gravel  M.  Co Annual  Meeting.  July  5 

Beckwith  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  1 

Belmont  M.  Co 8pecial  Meeting,  July  25 

Best  &  Belcher  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  8 

Chollar  Potoai  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  8 

El  Dorado  South  Code.  M.  Co. . .  Annual  Meeting,  July  1 

Evening  Star  No.  1  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  8 

Hardy  Coal  M.  Co Special  Meeting,  July  9* 

Kentucky  G.  &  S.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  June  .9 

Keystone  Quartz  M  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  1 

Newark  S.  M.  Co Annual  Met  ting,  July  1 

Norman  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  9 

Ophir  C.  S.  k  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  1 

Pocahontas  G.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  2 

Pride  of  tho  Mountain  M.  Co. .  .Annual  Meeting,  July  12 

RocklslandG.  &.  M.  Co Annual   Meeting,  Jtily  1 

Union  Consolidated  M.  Co Animal  Meeting,  July  20 

Woodland  (J.  M.  Co Annual  Meeting,  July  17 

LATEST  DIVIDENDS— (Within  Three  MonthB) . 

Belcher  M.  Co.,  $30 Payable  May  10 

Belcher,  $30 Payable  Juuo  10 

Block  Diumond  Coal  Co.,  H  per  cent. ..  Payable  May  29 

Crown  Point  G.  k  S.  M.  Co.,  $3 Payable  June  12 

Eastport, Coose  Bay,  Coal  M.  Co.,  $5.00.  .Payable  June  11 

Keystone  M.  Co,.  $7.50 Payable  April  10. 

Meadow  Valley  M.  Co.,  $1.00 Payable  Juno  20 

North  Star  G.  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  April  9 

Raymond  &  Ely  M.  Co.,  $7 Payable  June  10 

*Advertised  in  this  journal. 

Leather  Market  Report 

(^Corrected  weekly  by  Dolliver  &  Bro.,  No.  109  PoBt  at.) 
San  Francisco,  Thursday,  June  27, 1872. 

SOLE  Leather.—  The  Eastern  market  ia  higher,  nnd  some 
tanners  have  advanced  their  prices  here.  We  quote  aa 
below: 

City  Tanned  Leather,^  lb 26@29 

Santa  Cruz  Leather,  3ft  ttt 26(3)29 

Country  Leather,  &  lb 25<328 

Stockton  Leather,^  ft 26@29 

French  ekina  continue  firm.  All  California  skina  are 
source  and  bring  full  prices. 

Jodot.8  Kil.,  perdoz $60  00O 

Jodot,  11  to  19  Kil., perdoz 70  (KKo)  88  00 

Jodot,  second  choice,  11  to  15  Kil.  ^  doz 60  00[o)  76  00 

Lemoine.  16  to  18  Kil  ,  •$  doz  75  00(3)  77  50 

Levin,  12  and  13  Kil.,  per  doz 68  00@  7U  00 

Corncllian,  16  Kil.,  per  doz 70  00(2) 

Cornellian,  12  to  14  KU.,  per  doz 60  ftfto)  63  00 

Ogerau  Calf,  $  doz 54  00(a> 

Simon, 18  Kih.W  doz  65  00 

Biinon,2D  Kil.  &  <loz 68  00 

Simon.  2J  Kil.  ft  doz 72  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  8  Kil 35  00®  40  00 

French  Kips,  f.  lb 1  i0@    1  30 

California  Kip,  «  doz  60  00  to  80  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors,  ft  doz 15  00 

EasternCalf  forBacks.ft  lb 115®    125 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  ft  doz 9  00(5)  13  00 

Sheep  Roans  for  Linings, ft  doz 5  50(*  10  50 

California  Russett  Sheep  Liniiifra 1  75®    5  50 

Best  Jodot  Ca'f  Boot  Legs,  ft  pair 5  25 

Good  French  Calf  BootLega,  ft  pair 4  50®    5  09 

French  Calf  Boot  LeKa.ft  pair 4  00 

Harness  Leathor,  ft  ft 30®    37!*' 

Fair  Bridle  Leather,  ft  doz 48  OOfij  72  0(1 

Skirting  Leather,  ft  ft 34®    37M 

Welt  Leather,  ft  doz 30  OOrSi  50  00 

Buff  Leather,  ft  foot 18®       21 

Wax  Side  Leather,*  foot 20®       22 


Wool  Market. 


We  fear  there  is  very  little  prospect  of  a  rise 
in  wools  for  some  time  to  come.  The  next 
great  periodical  sale  of  wool  in  London  takes 
place  in  a  few  days,  and  that  will,  as  it  always 
has,  govern  to  a  great  extent  the  prices  of  wools 
in  the  American  market. 

The  demand  among  manufacturers  is  not 
such  as  to  give  strength  to  the  market  beyond 
present  prices,  whilst  the  importation  of  for- 
eign wool  continues  at  a  rate  exceeding  for- 
mer years;  add  to  this  the  reduction  of  duties 
on  imported  wools  of  every  grade  and  we  have 
no  real  grounds  for  expecting  an  advance  much 
above  present  rates. 

The  famous  Lindell  Hotel,  which  was 
the  finest  in  the  United  States,  is  to  be  re- 
built at  St.  Louis,  It  will  coyer  a  square 
226x182  feet. 


406 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  29,  1872. 


Mohair— Its  Value. 

The  following  letter  from  a  Kentucky,  Cash- 
mere goat  grower,  will  he  read  with  interest  by 
all  engaged  in  the  growing  of  this  animal  in 
California: 

Mb.  N.  Gtlmore,  Dear  Sir. — Your  avorof  the 
2d  hist,  reached  me  last  night,  having  been 
forwarded  to  me  here  where  I  have  a  pleasant 
winter  home,  on  account  of  infirm  health.  I 
regret  I  did  not  receive  your  letter  in  time  to 
send  you  a  communication  which  would  em- 
body the  information  which  you  particularly 
desire,  and  also  that  the  statistics  which  I  have 
as.  to  the  consumption  of  mohair  are  at  home 
in  Kentucky  and  of  course  not  now  accessible, 
and  I  fear  to  state  from  memory  only.  But  I 
can  state  a  fact  which  will  not  be  unacceptable 
nor  inappropriate,  viz.:  the  mail  last  night 
brought  me  a  letter  from  Messrs.  Bauendahl  & 
Co.,  of  86  North  street,  New  York  City,  in 
which  they  inform  me  they  have  sold  the  rem- 
nant of  my  last  clip  of  goat's  wool  at  77c.  per 
pound,  (the  former  lot  and  superior  wool  hav- 
ing been  sold  at  85c.  per  pound,  just  as  it  was 
shorn,)  and  also  that  they  have  an  order  for 
1,000  pounds  of  mohair  of  %  blood  for  which 
they  will  pay  75c.  per  .  pound,  and  inquire  if 
I  have  any  more  and  where  they  can  obtain 
any. 

If  the  publication  of  these  facts  will  aid  you 
in  the  good  work  in  which  you  are  engaged 
they  are  at  your  service. 

The  interest  in  Cashmeres  is  growing  fast 
on  this  side  of  the  Continent,  as  well  as  with 
you. 

I  had  a  pair  sent  to  me  here  from  home, 
with  which  to  begin  to  raise  them  here,  as  I  am 
sure  this  State  and  all  the  pine  land  region  of 
the  South,  is  well  adapted  to  them. 

I  will  return  home  in  May  next,  and  will  be 
well  pleased  to  hear  from  you  at  any  time,  and 
remain  with  best  wishes,  your  friend, 

Robert  W.  Scott. 
Miltonville,  Florida,  March  4th,  1872. 
P.  S. — Please  refer  any  parties  who  raise 
mohair,  to  Messrs.  Bauendahl  &  Co.,  who 
have  sold  several  clips  for  me  satisfactorily,  and 
they  can  do  better  with  it  than  anyone  else. 
The  manufacturers  should  be  sustained  and 
supplied  when  they  call  for  wool,  as  their  de- 
mand will  be  the  best  encouragement  to  rais- 
ing it. 


Gold  and  Silver  in  trie  Red  River 
Country. 

Beports  are  current  of  remarkable  disr 
coveries  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  Eed  Biver 
country.  What  they  amount  to,  will  scarce- 
ly be  known  for  some  time  to  come.  We 
may  expect  during  this  summer  to  hear,  if 
we  hear  anything,  the  usual  alternation  of 
glowing  eulogy  and  disgusted  depreciation, 
according  to  the  interests  or  temperaments 
of  those  who  originate  the  reports.  At 
present,  the  sanguine  view  predominates. 
"One  of  the  oldest  explorers  of  the  Lake 
Superior  region"  is  of  the  opinion  that  the 
Hilver  discoveries  will  go  far  to  surpass  the 
Silver  Islet  mines.  Considering  that  Silver 
Islet  is  one  of  the  half-dozen  richest  depos- 
its in  the  country,  this  prophecy  is  toler- 
ably strong.  Why  is  it  that  "old  explor- 
ers" invariably  tell  the  biggest  stories, 
and  seem  to  believe  them  to?  Possibly  one 
reason  is,  that  no  one  pursues  that  busi- 
ness steadily  unless  he  is  constitutionally 
hopeful.  Hope,  pork  and  beans  are  the  sus- 
tenance of  the  race  ;  and  so  all  old  profess- 
ional prospectors  are  sanguine,  because 
those  who  are  not  so  give  up  the  occupa- 
tion, or  die  young.  We  are  not  inclined 
to  find  fault  with  a  peculiarity  which  lends 
so  much  power  to  the  advance  of  civiliza- 
tion; and  though  we  do  not  clearly  see  that 
promised  rival  of  Silver  Islet,  we  trust 
the  pioneers  who  are  pressing  into  the  Bed 
Biver  country  will  not  give  up  the  search 
until  they  find  their  treasure,  or  "know 
the  reason  why. "  It  may  comfort  them  to 
remember  that  there  are  many  degrees  be- 
tween Silver  Isletand  "no  pay;"  and  some- 
where on  that  long  scale,  they  may  find  a 
satisfactory,  if  not  an  incredibly  gorgeuos 
reward  of  their  perseverance.  —  Engineer 
and  Mining  Journal. 

Mt.  San  Bernardino. — The  Guardian 
published  an  account  of  the  ascent  of  this 
famous  mountain  by  W.  A.  Goodyear,  of 
the  State  Geological  Survey,  one  day 
reoently.  It  took  half  a  day  to  ascend 
from  the  base  of  the  mountain,  a  distance 
of  six  miles.  He  was  accompanied  by  Mr. 
Frank  Thomas  as  guide.  They  remained 
on  top  of  the  mountain  about  three  hours. 
The  height  of  the  mountain  was  estimated 
at  11,000  feet,  and  it  was  extremely  cold  on 
the  summit,  the  thermometer  indicating 
32°.  The  gulches  toward  the  top  were  fill- 
ed with  snow,  supposed  to  be  20  feet  deep. 
An  adjoining  peak  was  pronounced  800 
feet  higher. 

Tee  culminating  point  of  the  Mont  Ce- 
nisPass,  built  by  order  of  Napoleon  I., 
reaches  an  elevation  of  6,775  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea. 


El  Espirito  Santo. 

In  1826,  Henry  Barnard,  Esq.,  then  residing 
n  Truxillo,  Peru,  sent  to  Richard  Harrison, 
Esq.,  of  Liverpool,  England,  the  bulb  of  1 
remarkabl  eparasitical  ,orchidacious  plant,  which 
he  had  found  in  the  neighborhood  of  Panama, 
where  it  was  looked  upon  with  much  considera- 
tion, and  known  as  El  Espirito  Santo — the  Holy 
Spirit ;  but  which  had  never  been  seen  in  the 
conservatories  of  Europe.  The  bulb  was  prop- 
erly cared  for,  and  soon  began  to  put  forth 
leaves,  but  leaves  only,  until  1831,  when  it  shot 
up  its  first  flower  stem,  which  sprang  from  the 
base  of  the  bulb,  while  its  leaves  grew  from  the 
summit. 

It  was  not  until  the  blossom  appeared  that 
the  significance  of  its  local  name  was  apparent. 
When  the  flower  had  fully  opened,  a  most  sin- 
gular and  beautiful  appearance  was  presented. 
The  fructifying  column  in  the  center  of  the 
flower,  with  its  surmounting  anther  and  the 
projecting  glands  of  pollen-masses  were  ob- 
served to  present  a  striking  resemblance  to  a 
dove — the  emblem  of  the  third  person  in  the 
Holy  Trinity.  Hence  the  name,  El  Espirito 
Santo — the  Holy  Spirit  —  was  reverentially  ap- 
plied by  the  native  residents,  from  the  same  re- 
ligious feeling  which  had  prompted  the  name 
of  the  "passion  flower." 

The  form  of  a  dove  assumed  by  the  parts  of 
this  flower,  as  described  above,  are  remarkably 
true  to  nature.  The  breast,  the  extended  wings, 
the  head  and  beak. 


and  even  two  purple 
dots  for  the  eyes, 
are  all  distinctly 
shown,  and  almost 
as  true  to  nature  as 
the  art  of  man  can 
depict  them. 

Owing  to  the  great 
heat  required  by  this 
plant,  and  its  peculi- 
arly delicate  con- 
struction, it  has  been 
found  very  difficult 
to  cultivate  it,  artifi- 
cially, away  from  its 
native  region,  which 
is  comprised  within 
the  central  portion 
of  the  torrid  zone  of 
the  "Western  Conti- 
nent. 

Some  two  or  three 
years  since,  as  Mr. 
Shuman,  the  chii  f 
florist  at  Wood- 
ward's Gardens  was 
crossing  the  Isthmus 
of  Panama,  he  took 
the  opportunity  to 
make  a  collection  of 
some  of  the  most 
characteristic  tropi- 
cal plants  obtainable 
in  that  locality,  and 
among  others  was  a 
specimen  of  the  Es- 
pirito Santo,  which 
still  occupies  the  por- 
tion of  the  native 
wood  upon  which  it 
was  found  —  for  it 
is  a  Bemi-parasitical  plant.  Under  the 
excellent  care  and  management  of  Mr.  Shu- 
man, with  the  very  superior  facilities  furnished 
by  Mr.  Woodward,  the  proprietor  of  the  gardens, 
for  the  cultivation  of  tropical  plants,  this  speci- 
men, after  continuing  in  vigorous  growth  for  two 
years,  threw  up  its  first  flower  stem. 

Both  the  flowers  and  leaves,  with  the  distinct 
ive  dove  representation  within  the  center 
of  one  of  the  flowers  is  shown  in  the  accompany- 
ing illustration,  which  has  been  engraved  from 
a  photograph  taken  of  the  same  while  at  the 
hight  of  its  show.  The  bulb,  from  the  tops  of 
which  the  leaves  grow  and  from  the  base  of 
which  the  flowerstem springs,  is  notshown;but 
the  leaves,  flowers  and  upper  portion  of  the 
flower  stalk  is  distinctly  shown. 

Five  leaves  spring  from  each  bulb,  from  twenty 
to  thirty  inches  in  length,  by  five  or  six  in 
breadth — lanceolate  in  form.  The  flower  stem 
grows  from  three  to  four  feet  in  hight,  bearing 
upon  its  summit  a  spike  of  globose,  fleshy,  yel- 
lowish-white flowers,  yielding  a  very  peculiar 
and  delicate  perfume. 

The  flowering  of  this  plant  attracted  much  at- 
tention and  a  large  number  of  visitors  to  the 
gardens  last  season.  It  is  expected  that  it  will 
flower  again  this  season.  A  carefully  prepared 
representation  of  the  flower  was  made  in  wax, 
at  the  time,  by  Mrs.  A.  O.  Cook,  of  304  Mason 
street,  which  may  be  seen  in  a  small  vase  just 
to  the  left  of  the  front  entrance  to  the  rotunda 
museum.  Copies  of  the  same  have  also  been 
made,  and  are  in  possession  of  several  persons 
in  the  city.  In  its  native  clime,  (Central 
America)  this  plant  blooms  just  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  rainy  season,  and,  of  course, 
just  after  its  annual  period  of  rest.  The  flow- 
ers hold  on  about  one  month.  It  is  now  known 
to  botanists  as  Peresteria  alata,  and  is  fig- 
ured in  vol.  5,  (new  series)  of  Curtis'  Botanical 
Magazine,  (No.  of  Engraving  3,115).  The 
plant  belongs  to  the  order  of  Orchidacea,  a  class 
of  plants  of  wide  distribution,  occupying  in 
some  of  its  varieties  almost  every  portion  of  the 


ESPIRITO    SANTO— HOLY  SPIRIT   FLOWER 


earth  from  the  equator  to  almost  the  extreme 
northern  and  southern  limits  of  the  poles.  It 
is  only,  however,  as  we  approach  the  equa- 
tor that  the  varieties  of  this  plant  assume  pecu- 
liar or  beautiful  forms.  There,  owing  to  .the 
peculiar  condition  of  the  column,  the  anther 
containing  the  poUen,  and  the  often  remarka- 
ble development  of  some  one  or  more  of  the 
inner  leaves  or  petals  into  unusual  forms,  the 
flowers  frequently  take  the  most  singular  and 
sometimes  beautiful  or  fantastic  forms.  An 
insect,  or  a  spider,  a  butterfly,  etc.,  sometimes  a 
bird,  as  in  the  peristeria  alata,  not  unfrequently 
a  reptile,  and  sometimes  a  helmet  with  visor 
closed  or  raised,  and  often  other  singular  and 
most  beautiful  forms  are  seen. 

Sometimes  there  is  a  peculiar  sensibility 
connected  with  the  flower,  which  makes  it  a 
most  effective  insect  trap,  so  hinged  that  it 
immediately  entraps  and  holds  fast  any  insect 
which  may  alight  upon  it,  when  its  size  is  suf- 
ficient to  enclose  such  intruder. 

The  particular  specimen  at  Woodward's  and 
which  is  herewith  figured,  is  a  psuedo-bulbous 
epiphyte  plant — having  the  appearance  of  a 
bulb,  but  not  a  real  bulb,  and^growing  upon 
other  plants  but  notpenetratingtheirsubstance, 
nor  absorbing  their  juices,  as  is  the  case  with  a 
real  parasite.  This  variety  is  also  sometimes 
found  growing  upon  rocks  or  upon  the  earth 
generally  choosing  dry,  hUly  localities.  It 
grows  well  artificially  in  turfy  peat  or  rotten 
wood.  It  is  thus  kept  at  Woodward's,  where  it 
is  seen  in  a  rustic  hanging  basket. 

Standard  vs.  Narrow  Gauge. 

Gen.  Haupt  writes  an  article  on  this  sub 
ject  for  Pan  Nostrand,  in  which  he  allows 
for  the  narrow  gauge  in  comparison  with 
the  wide  gauge 
three  advantages: 
— Slight  saving  in 
weight  of  axles  and 
cross-beams,  and 
an  equal  addition 
to  paying  load; 
saving  in  cross- 
ties,  road-bed  and 
ballast,  of  say  $500 
per  mile  on  an  av- 
erage; saving  in 
cost  of  construc- 
tion consequent 
upon  the  use  of 
sharper  curves. 
' '  These  savings 
can  only  be  de- 
termined in  each 
case  by  a  com- 
parative estimate 
based  aon  ctual  lo- 
cation, but  they 
will  not  amount 
in  the  aggregrate 
10  per  cent,  of  the 
savings  claimed 
by  advocates  of 
the  narrow  gauge. " 
But  how  are  the 
two  gauges  com- 
pared. The  writer 
tells  us.  "It  is 
notfair,"  she  says, 
' '  to  compare  nar- 
row -  gauge  rail- 
way ?  equipped 
with  light  rolling  stock  with  the  stan- 
dard gauge  on  which  necessarily  heavy 
engines  are  used,  and  credit  the  saving  en- 
tirely to  narrow  gauge."  A  fair  compari- 
son, so  far  as  the  question  of  gauge  is  con- 
cerned, would  be  to  put  the  light  engines 
and  cars  upon  the  standard  gauge,  and 
then  note  the  cost  of  construction  and 
operation." 

That  is  to  say,  it  is  not  fair  to  compare 
the  two  systems  as  actually  built,  but  to 
compare  the  narrow  gauge  road  with  a 
theoretical  one  of  broad  gauge.  Of  course 
any  such  comparison  is  of  no  value  to  eur 
people.  The  question  is  simply  this; — can 
we  build  narrow  gauge  roads  where  broad 
gauge  is  too  expensive  ?  No  one  proposes 
as  yet  to  build  one  of  these  theoretical 
broad  gauges,  while  many  assure  us  of  the 
feasibility  of  the  narrow  gauge.  The  best 
of  the  argument  for  our  conditions  is  de- 
cidedly with  the  narrow  gauge  advocates 
thus  far. 


Nickel  Mines  in  the  United  States  are 
attracting  attention  as  promising  handsome 
returns.  The  only  such  mine  now  worked 
is  in  eastern  Pennsylvania,  and  it  pays 
well.  One  mine  on  the  Mine-la-Motte 
tract,  Missouri,  was  worked  from  1850  to 
1855.  The  ore  was  the  sulphuret,  associ- 
ated with  lead  and  copper.  About  $100,000 
was  realized  from  the  croppings  of  the 
vein.  Croppings  of  nickle  ore  are  found 
also  in  Madison,  Iron  and  Wayne  counties, 
Missouri.  The  refined  metal  is  worth 
about  $3  per  lb.,  and  for  many  purposes 
supplants  silver. 


Geological  Survey  in  Montana  and 
Utah. 

The  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  of  June  17th,  re- 
ports the  arrival  of  Dr.  Hayden,  TJ.  S.  Ge- 
ologist, at  the  camp  of  his  party  at  Ogden, 
and  that  the  survey  will  soon   break  camp 
and    commence    their    explorations.    Dr. 
Hayden,  with  a  chosen  few,    will  take  the 
stage  for  Port  Ellis  and  fit  out  his  expedi- 
tion from  that  post.    His  corps  is  organ- 
ized as  follows:    Dr.  Hayden,   Geologist; 
in  charge  of  the  whole   expedition;  Mr, 
Savage,  Assistant;  Mr.   Logan,  Secretary. 
Mr.  Beckler,   Topographer;  Messrs.  Gan- 
net    and     Wakefield,     Astronomers;    Dr. 
Peale,  Mineralogist;  Mr.  Holmes,   Artist; 
Messrs.  Piatt  and  Greve,   General   Assist- 
ants.    This  branch  of  the  survey  will  pro- 
ceed up  the  Madison  Valley  from  Ellis  to 
Fire  Hole  basin,   the  land  of  the  Geysers, 
and  will  make  a  thorough  investigation  of 
those    wonderful     physical     phenomena. 
The  main  branch  of  the  party,  under  the 
management  of  Mr.  Stevenson,  the  Doc- 
tor's   long-tried     assistant,     consists     of 
Messrs.  Burch  and  Herring,   Topograph- 
ers; Messrs.  Eastlake  and  Nicholson,  Me- 
teorologists; Adams  and   Coulter,   Botan- 
ists;   Mr.    Jackson,     Photographer;    Mr. 
Campbell,   Assistant  Photographer;    Pro- 
fessor Bradley,  geologist;  Mr.  Carrington, 
icthyologist;  Mr.  Jacobs,   naturalist;  Mr. 
Merriman,    ornithologist;    Mr.  Spencer, 
guest  of    the  party;    Messrs.   Beveridge, 
Brown,  Jones,  Negley,  Taggart  and  West, 
general  assistants.     This    section   of    the 
survey  will  proceed  to  Fort  Hill,  where, 
abandoning  the  wagons,   etc.,   they   will 
pnsh  up  Snake  Biver  Valley  and  through 
the  difficult  country  of  the  Tetons.     Col- 
onel Beynolds   essayed  this  feat  in  1360, 
but  was   obliged  to  retire.     The  parties 
will  join  in  Madison  Valley,  thus  making 
a  complete  geological  and   topographical 
survey    of    a  vast  region  hitherto   unex- 
plored.    Congress  has  appropriated  $75,- 
000  to  accomplish  this  work,  and  reserved 
3,000  square  miles  adjoining  Yellowstone 
Lake  to  be  held  as  a  pu  blic  park  forever. 
This  is  a  handsome   recognition   of  Dr. 
Hayden's  service  in  surveying  that  country 
last  year.     It  is  seldom  that  we  see  science 
and    practical    utility    advance    hand    in 
hand.     The  former   generally  precedes  the 
latter;  but  valuable  as  these  surveys  are  to 
science,  they  are  none  the  less   so   to   set- 
tlers in  opening  up  the   agricultural  re- 
sources of  the  far  west  and   indicating  the 
richest    lands    for   settlement.     The   vast 
collections  made  by  the  party  are   turned 
into   the  Smithsonian  Institute  at  Wash- 
ington to  be  classified. 

Will  Our  Mines  Last? 

Men  in  Eastern  Nevada,  says  the  Eureka 
Sentinel,  have  not  as  yet  overcome  the 
fear  that  before  many  years  the  mines  will 
be  worked  out,  and  white  men  will  have 
to  emigrate  to  some  more  propitious  land. 
The  result  is  that  permanent  improvements 
are  held  back,  men  live  in  shells  instead 
of  houses,  business  is  done  on  short  credits, 
property  is  of  uncertain  values,  and  gen- 
erally things  are  arranged  as  if  a  speedy 
transit  were  contemplated.  And  yet  this 
year  Nevada  will  ship  nearly  or  quite  one 
million  dollars  for  every  thousand  of  her 
inhabitants,  including  Indians,  Chinese, 
children,  and  the  multitude  of  worthless, 
ever-consuming,  non-producing  bummers, 
that  are  the  bane  of  every  Nevada  town. 
We  believe  there  is  no  just  foundation  for 
the  fear  that  mines  in  limestone  are  not  as 
permanent  as  mines  in  other  formations. 
We  last  winter  took  pains  to  compile  and 
publish  statistics  showing  that  the  world 
over  the  mines  in  limestone  had  yielded 
richer  and  more  permanent  results  than  in 
any  other  formation.  This  truth  is  par- 
ticulary  apparent  in  mines  where  lead  and 
silver  are  combined.  Our  attention  was 
again  a  few  days  since  called  to  the  same 
object  by  meeting  a  gentleman  from  South- 
western Missouri.  He  informed  us  that 
the  lead  mines  there  were  in  limestone,  as 
he  expressed  it,  in  a  country  that  looked 
just  like  this,  except  our  sagebrush.  He 
told  us  further  that  twenty-five  years  ago 
there  was  general  despondency  in  all  that 
region;  that  the  people  believed  their  mines 
were  exhausted:  now  these  same  mines  are 
being  worked  at  a  depth  of  800  feet  and  are 
paying  better  than  ever.  We  see  no  reason 
to  despair;  White  Pine,  Eureka  and  many- 
other  limestone  districts  will  be  paying 
long  before  the  men  of  the  present  gene- 
ration shall  have  ceased  their  toil. 


According  to  what  appears  to  be  good  author- 
ity, we  have  paid,  in  the  past  eight  years, 
$169,000,000  in  freights  to  foreign  ship-owners 
or  an  average  of  §21,125,000  a  year  for  that  pe- 
riod. 


June  29,  1872.] 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


407 


UsEfJL     IfJ^QF^IAJlON. 


How  Birds  are  Taught  to  Sing. 

Each  kind  of  bird  sings  its  own  peculiar 
notes,  bat  ull  tOftJ  be  taught  to  sing  regular 
tones.  The  mocking-bird  and  thrush  learn 
tunes  without  braining.  But,  by  a  regular  edu- 
cation, other  birds  ma;  become  fins  performers. 
A  contributor  to  the  Xursery  says: 

Last  rammer  !  was  at  a  frie'ud's  house  at 
Kahftnt,  I  rose  early  in  the  morning,  and 
»wn  stairs  to  walk  on  the  piazza.  While 
there  I  heard,  as  I  thought,  some  person 
whistling  a  tunc  in  a  very  sweet  style.  I  looked 
around,  but  could  see  no  one.  Where  could 
tho  sound  come  from  ?  I  looked  up,  and  saw 
a  little  bird  iu  a  cage.  The  cage  was  hung  in 
the  midst  of  flowers  and  twining  plants. 

"Can  it  be,"  thought  I,  "that  such  a  little 
bird  us  that  hSH  been  taught  to  sing  a  regular 
tune  so  sweetly  '." 

t  did  not  know  what  to  make  of  it.  When 
my  friend  came  down  stairs,  she  told  me  that 
it  was  indeed  the  little  bird  who  had  whistled 
the  sweet  tune.  Then  my  friend  cried  out  to 
the  bird,  "Come,  Bully,  Bully,  sweet  little 
ih,  give  us  just  one  more  tune."  And 
then  this  dear  little  bird  hopped  about  the 
cage,  looked  at  its  mistress,  and  whistled  an- 
other sweet  tune.  It  was  so  strange  to  hear  a 
bird  whistle  a  regular  tune  ! 

"Now,  Bully,"  said  my  friend,  "you  must 
give  us  'Yankee  Doodle'.  Come,  come,  you 
shall  have  some  nice  fresh  seed  if  you  will 
whistle  'Yankee  Doodle.'  "  And  the  little 
thing  did  whistle  it,  much  to  my  surprise. 

My  friend  then  told  me  that  she  had  brought 
the  bird  from  the  little  townofFulda,  in  Ger- 
many, where  there  are  little  schools  for  teach- 
ing these  birds  to  sing.  When  a  bullfinch  has 
Learned  to  sing  two  or  throe  tunes,  he  is  worth 
from  forty  to  sixty  dollars,  for  he  will  bring 
that  price  in  France  or  England. 

Great  skill  and  patience  are  needed  to  teach 
these  birds.  Few  teachers  can  have  the  time 
to  give  to  the  children  under  their  charge  so 
much  care  as  the  bird-teachers  give  to  their 
bird-pupils. 

The  birds  are  put  into  classes  of  about  six 
each,  and  kept  for  a  time  in  a  dark  room. 
Here,  when  their  food  is  given  to  them,  they  are 
made  to  hear  music,  so  that,  when  they  have 
eaten  their  food,  or  when  they  want  more  food, 
they  will  sing,  and  try  to  imitate  the  tune  they 
have  just  heard.  This  tune  they  probably  con- 
nect with  the  act  of  feeding.  As  soon  as  they 
begin  to  imitate  a  few  notes,  the  light  is  let  in- 
to the  room,  and  this  cheers  them  still  more, 
and  makes  them  feel  as  if  they  would  like  to 
sing.  In  some  of  these  schools,  the  birds  are 
allowed  neither  light  nor  food  till  they  begin  to 
sing.  These  are  the  schools  where  the  teachers 
are  most  Btrict. 

After  being  thus  taught  in  classes,  each  bull- 
finch is  put  under  the  care  of  a  boy,  who  plays 
his  organ  from  morning  till  night,  while  the 
master  or  mistress  of  the  bird-school  goes  round 
to  see  how  the  pupils  are  getting  on. 

The  bullfinches  seem  to  know  at  once  when 
they  are  scolded,  and  when  they  are  praised  by 
their  master  or  mistress;  and  they  like  to  be 
petted  when  they  have  done  well.  The  train- 
ing goes  on  for  nine  months;  and  then  the  birds 
have  got  their  education,  and  are  sent  to  Eng- 
land or  France,  and  sometimes  to  America,  to 
be  sold. 

All  animals,  all  birds,  and  all  reptiles — even 
fishes — are  susceptible  of  culture  and  improve- 
ment. So  are  plants,  roots,  and  fruits.  And, 
above  and  beyond  all,  are  human  beings  capa- 
ble of  almost  illimitable  development  and  im- 
provement, both  of  body  and  mind. 

How  to  Take  Care  of  a  Flute. 

Anoint  the  flute  thoroughly  and  repeatedly 
with  pure  raw  Unseed  oil  prepared  by  letting  it 
remain  unshaken  for  several  weeks,  when  the 
clear  oil  should  be  poured  off  for  use.  It 
should  be  applied,  inside  and  out,  every  time 
the  flute  is  pat  away,  it  having  been  carefully 
cleaned  from  moisture  for  the  first  year,  after 
which  an  application  once  a  month  will  be 
sufficient.  P  ure  olive  oil  will  do  better,  but  it 
must  be  oil  of  olives.  On  taking  the  flute  from 
its  case  for  use,  the  oil  should  be  wiped  out 
with  an  old  silk  handkerchief  (cotton  will  do 
for  the  outside)  wrapped  tightly  around  a  stick, 
using  as  much  friction  as  possible.  This  will 
produce  a  burnished  surface,  which,  besides 
aiding  in  filling  the  pores,  adds  to  the  mellow- 
ness of  the  tone.  Care  must  be  had  to  prevent 
the  metal  or  anything  other  than  the  silk  from 
touching  the  flute,  and  to  apply  the  pressure 
equally  on  all  sides,  otherwise  the  bore  will  be- 
come distorted.  To  stop  cracks  that  have 
already  appeared,  pack  them  full  with  good 
beeswax  which  has  been  mixed,  by  melting  and 
stirring,  with  a  small  portion  (say  one  sixth) 
of  rosin,  sufficient  to  stiffen  but  still  leave  it 
viscid;  apply  when  cooled,  and  cram  it  in  with 
the  finger.  Do  not  be  tempted  to  use  shellac 
or  any  rigid  cement,  as  it  will  fail  on  account 
of  the  distention  and  contraction  of  the  wood 
by  change  of  temperature.  It  is  well  to  pass 
your  thumb  over  the  cracks,  filled  as  above, 
before  commencing  to  play,  the  object  being  to 
smooth  them  down  and  insure  their  being  tight, 
which  rigid  cement  will  not  admit  of. 


Filing  Saws. 

The  grand  secret  of  putting  any  saw  in  the 
best  possible  cutting  order,  consists  in  filing 
the  teeth  at  a  given  angle  to  cut  rapidly  and  of 
a  uniform  length,  so  that  the  points  will  all 
touch  a  straight-edged  rule  without  showing  a 
variation  of  a  hundredth  part  of  an  inch.  Be- 
sides this,  thero  should  be  just  enough  set  in 
the  teeth  to  cut  a  kerf  as  narrow  as  it  can  be 
made,  and  at  the  same  time  allow  the  blade  to 
work  freely  without  pinching.  On  the  con- 
trary, the  kerf  must  not  be  so  wide  as  to  permit 
the  blade  to  rattle  when  in  motion.  The  very 
pointB  of  the  teeth  do  the  cutting.  If  one  tooth 
is  a  twentieth  of  an  inch  longer  than  two  or 
three  on  each  side  of  it,  the  long  tooth  will  be 
required  to  do  so  much  more  cutting  than  it 
should,  that  the  sawing  cannot  be  done  well. 
Hence  the  saw  goes  jumping  along,  working 
hard  and  cutting  slowly.  If  one  tooth  is  longer 
than  those  on  either  Ride  of  it,  the  short  ones 
do  not  cut,  although  the  points  may  be  sharp. 
When  putting  a  cross  cut  saw  iu  order,  it  will 
pay  well  to  dress  the  points  with  an  old  file, 
and  nfterwards  sharpen  with  a  fine  whet  stone. 
Much  mechanical  skill  is  requisite  to  put  a  saw 
in  prime  order. 

One  careless  thrust  with  a  file  will  shorten 
the  point  of  a  tooth  so  much  that  it  will  be  ut- 
terly useless,  so  far  as  cutting  is  concerned. 
The  teeth  should  be  set  with  much  care,  and 
the  filing  should  be  done  with  great  accuracy. 
If  the  teeth  are  uneven  at  the  points,  a  large 
flat  file  should  be  secured  to  a  block  of  wood  in 
such  a  manner  that  the  very  points  only  may 
be  joined,  so  that  the  cutting  edge  of  the  some 
may  be  in  a  complete  line,  or  circle.  Every 
tooth  should  cut  a  little  as  the  saw  is  worked. 
the  teeth  of  a  hand-saw  for  all  sorts  of  work, 
should  be  filed  fleaming,  or  at  an  angle  on  the 
front  edge;  while  the  back  edges  may  be  filed 
□earning,  or  Bquare  across  the  blade.  The  best 
way  to  file  a  circular  saw  for  cutting  wood  across 
the  grain,  is  to  dress  every  fifth  tooth  square 
across  and  about  one-twentieth  of  an  inch 
shorter  than  the  others,  which  should  be  filed 
fleaming  at  an  angle  of  about  forty  degrees. — 
Industrial  MbrUfdy, 

Hardening  Plaster  of  Park. — In  many 
cases  the  rapid  consolidation  of  plaster  of  Par- 
is is  a  serious  inconvenience;  and  it  is  said  in 
the  Paris  journal,  Les  Mondes,  that  this  may  be 
remedied  by  the  addition  of  from  two  to  four 
per  cent,  of  the  root  of  marsh-mallow,  finely 
powdered. '  With  this  addition,  plastere,  it  is 
said,  will  not  set  for  an  hour  at  least.  The 
mixture,  moreover,  becomes  so  hard  on  drying 
that  it  may  be  sawn,  filed,  or  turned,  and  is 
applicable  to  the  manufacture  of  dominoes, 
dice,  and  other  small  articles.  If  the  addition 
of  marsh-mallow  root  be  carried  to  an  extent  of 
eight  per  cent.,  the  time  of  setting  is  still  furth- 
er prolonged,  and  the  hardness  of  the  mass  of 
plaster,  when  cold,  greatly  augmented.  Such 
a  composition  may,  while  still  soft,  be  rolled 
out  on  a  glass  slab,  and  thin  sheets  produced, 
which  never  crack  in  drying,  and  which  may  be 
afterwards  easily  detached,  and  polished  by 
mere  friction.  Colors  may  be  incorporated 
with  the  mixture,  and  good  imitations  of  mar- 
ble produced  by  careful  manipulation,  or  the 
sheets  or  slabs  may  be  painted  upon  when  dry, 
and  rendered  impermeable  by  polishing  and 
varnishing. 


A  Wonderful  Spring. — Silver  Springs,  Fla., 
is  one  of  the  greatest  euriosites  in  the  South. 
It  burst  forth  in  the  midst  of  the  most  fertile 
country  in  the  State.  It  bubbles  up  in  a  basin 
near  one  hundred  feet  deep  and  about  an  acre 
in  extent,  and  sending  from  it  a  deep  stream 
sixty  to  one  hundred  feet  wide  and  extending 
six  to  eight  miles  to  Ocklawaha  river.  In  the 
spring  itself  fifty  boats  may  lie  at  anchor — 
quite  a  fleet.  The  spring  thus  forms  a  natural 
inland  port  to  which  three  steamers  now  run 
regularly  from  St.  John's,  making  close  con- 
nections with  the  ocean  steamers  at  Palatka. 
The  clearness  of  the  water  is  truly  wonderfnl. 
It  seems  even  more  transparent  than  air;  you 
see  the  bottom,  eighty  feet  below  the  bottom  of 
your  boat,  the  exact  form  of  the  smallest  peb- 
ble, the  outline  color  of  the  leaf  that  has  sunk, 
and  all  the  prismatic  colors  of  the  rainbow  are 
reflected.  Large  fish  swim  in  it,  every  scale 
visible,  and  every  movement  distinctly  seen. 
If  you  go  over  the  spring  in  a  boat  you  will  see 
the  fissure  in  the  rocks  from  which  the  river 
pours  up  like  an  inverted  cataract. 

How  to  Build  Brick  Chtmney-tofs. — All  the 
brickwork  above  the  superstructure,  whatever 
the  material  of  the  building,  should  be 
made  with  cement  mortar,  which  absorbs  less 
moisture  than  that  made  of  caustic  lime  and 
sand.  The  bricks  for  a  chimney-top  should  be 
soaked  iu  water  for  a  few  minutes,  so  that  they 
will  not  extract  the  water  from  the  mortar.  In 
order  to  have  mortar  become  very  hard,  it  must 
dry  slowly.  By  laying  wet  bricks,  the  mortar 
will  set  slowly,  dry  slowly,  and  eventually  be- 
come almost  hard  as  the  bricks.  Every  brick 
chimney  should  be  covered  at  the  top  with  a 
copestone,  aud  arched  top,  or  bricks  placed 
over  the  flues,  like  the  rafter  of  a  building,  for 
the  purpose  of  turning  off  the  water  which 
would  go  down  the  inside,  be  absorbed  by  the 
bricks,  and  perhaps  soak  through  and  wet  the 
paper  or  kalsomining  on  the  inside.  A  chim- 
ney-top made  as  above  will  stand  the  influences 
of  the  weather  over  a  hundred  years  without 
repairs. — Industrial  Monthly. 


Qood  ljE4.LTH- 


Times  of  Eating. 

There  is  a  good  deal  of  shoddy  in  the  popu- 
lar notions  and  instructions  about  the  number 
of  times  and  the  times  of  day  of  eating.  Some 
people  say  eat  twice  a  day,  others  three  times. 
and  yet  others  say  eat  as  often  as  hunger 
prompts  you.  Civilized  mankind  differ  very 
widely  in  different  countries  and  different  occu- 
pations reminding  this  matter;  some  people  eat 
live  or  six  times  a  day  aud  are  proverbially 
healthy,  others,  and  our  own  among  them,  eat 
as  a  rule  but  three  times  and  are  not  as  healthy. 

There  have  not  been  wanting  legions  of 
preachers  on  hygiene  who  have  aimed  at  the 
restriction  of  all  men  to  one  rigid  rule  as  to  the 
whole  habit  of  eating,  insisting  that  any  in- 
fringement will  certainly  be  followed  by  disas- 
ter. But  the  only  thiug  we  have  or  do  insist 
upon  as  a  rule  of  eating  is  that  there  ought  to 
be  some  rule  and  this  as  a  rule  adhered  tjp  If 
a  man  feels  better  and  is  better  with  two  meals 
instead  of  three  let  him  take  only  that  number; 
or  if  four  instead  of  three  agree  with  him  he 
must  be  foolish  to  forego  any  of  them;  every 
man  must  be  in  some  measure  a  law  unto  him- 
self. 

But  we  do  not  believe  that  any  man  can  long 
avoid  dyspepsia  who  does  not  take  his  meals 
every  day  at  the  same  seasons  respectively;  he 
must  have  some  regularity  as  to  time  if  he 
would  be  well,  and  all  the  observations  of  phys- 
iology bear  out  the  statement  At  the  accus- 
tomed time  of  a  meal,  the  stomach  and  other 
digestive  organs  prepare  themselves  by  a  large 
manufacture  of  digestive  fluid  for  their  normal 
task  whether  food  comes  to  them  or  not;  and 
every  time  they  do  so  to  prepare  to  digest  food 
without  getting  it,  they  are  thereby  injured. 
People  who  eat  irregularly — not  who  eat  often 
— are  more  often  sick  and  wear  out  faster  than 
they  who  observe  regular  habits. 

Nevertheless,  for  those  whose  whole  lives  are 
regulated  like  clock  work,  as  to  the  time  of  do- 
ing everything,  it  often  is  a  good  thing  to  break 
in  on  the  routine  by  some  change,  which  if 
often  repeated  would  do  injury.  A  change  is  a 
rest,  and  a  change  in  our  regular  habits  may 
and  often  does  give  the  physical  system  a  new 
life.  But  to  follow  up  late  suppers  unless  they 
be  made  a  matter  of  every  day  enjoyment  would 
be  very  injurious. 

We  know  from  much  observation  that  farm 
ers,  especially  the  younger  members  of  the 
class,  are  much  in  the  habit  of  eating  just  be- 
fore retiring  for  the  night.  Now  if  one 
can  do  this  every  night  and  be  healthier  by  it, 
of  course  it  is  not  to  be  condemned — and  we 
are  far  from  believing,  after  some  lengthened 
study  on  this  subject,  that  it  is  impossible  that 
any  man  may  be  more  healthy  with  such  a  habit 
than  without  it.  But  we  do  not  feel  certain  no 
one  can  be  well  doing  this  every  other  night; 
he  must  make  it  a  regular  habit  or  do  it  only  at 
long  intervals. 

There  is  one  sort  of  a  person  who  may  profit 
ably,  if  not  take  suppers  just  before  retiring, 
certainly  take  four  meals  with  profit;  we  mean 
such  as  require  a  large  amount  of  food  and  who 
at  each  of  the  three  meals  are  apt  to  eat  too 
much,  feeling  after  eating  drowsy,  having  much 
flatulence  and  some  hours  after  the  supper  hav- 
ing an  accumulation  of  acid  in  the  stomach 
that  makes  them  imagine  themselves  hungry 
and  in  need  of  food,  when  they  have  only  irri- 
tated stomachs.  By  dividing  the  quantity  of 
food  to  be  consumed  daily  into  four  instead  of 
three  portions,  the  stomach  may  be  able  to  dis- 
pose of  itin  anormal  manner. — Prairie  Farmer. 

Sick  Headache. — The  true  cause  of  sick 
headache  lies  deep  in  the  patient's  idiosyncrasy 
and  is  developed  by  a  hundred  different  causes, 
The  advice,  then,  to  sufferers  is  to  give  as 
much  tone  as  they  can  to  their  nerves  by  adopt- 
ing all  those  methods  which  experience  has 
shown  to  be  good,  and  then  avoid  as  far  as 
practicable,  all  those  causes  which  are  known 
to  excite  an  attack.  I  need  scarcely  describe  a 
sick  headache — how  one  rises  in  the  morning 
more  dead  than  alive;  perfectly  unable  to  swal- 
low the  smallest  particle  of  food,  and  often 
perhaps  actually  sick ;  how  the  head  throbs,  and 
the  pain  increased  by  the  slighest  movement; 
how  speaking  or  doing  is  a  burden  beyond 
bearing;  how  one  prays  to  be  left  alone  in  the 
utmost  quiet,  so  that  he  may,  if  possible,  sleep. 
Toother  persons  the  sufferer  looks  extremely 
ill,  very  pale,  dark  around  the  eyes,  and  with 
contracted  pupil.  To  himself  his  head  feels 
hot,  and  the  application  of  cold  is  most  re- 
freshing. The  clamminess  in  the  mouth,  the 
nausea  and  general  gastric  disturbances  are  sec- 
ondary, and  have  no  connection  with  any  im- 
proper meal,  and  thus  is  in  no  way  relieved  by 
the  too  frequent  and  ignorantly  administered 
purgative.  This  is  not  needed,  and  has  no 
good  result.  The  only  remedies  which  are  of 
any  avail  are  those  which  act  on  the  nervous 
system,  such  as  hot  tea  and  coffee ;  or,  after  the 
stomach  is  quieter,  and  the  more  urgent  symp- 
toms have  passed  off,  a  little  wine  or  ammonia. 
If  the  headache  take  more  the  form  of  hemi- 
crania,  then  remedies  are  occasionally  useful,  as 
the  local  application  of  the  bisulphide  of  car- 
bon, or  galvanism,  and  internally  the  bromide 
of  potassium.  This  is  the  only  drug  which  I 
have  really  seen  to  be  serviceable.  Whilst  the 
nausea  exists  and  the  worst  sympton  prevail, 
even  this  remedy  is  of  no  avail. — British  Medi- 
cal Journal. 


Origin  of  Disease. 

Most  medical  writers  and  students  now  accept 
the  humoral  theory  of  disease.  This  was 
the  theory  of  the  ancients.  During  the  last 
century,  the  opposite  theory  was  entertained, 
and  it  was  maintained  that  disease  was  primari- 
ly of  the  6olid  ports  of  the  system,  and  that  the 
blood  and  other  fluids  became  corrupted  as  a 
consequence  of  disease  of  the  solid  parts.  Mod- 
ern experiments  aud  research  have  proved  the 
fallacy  of  this  theory,  and  demonstrated  that 
bone,  muscle,  nerve,  fascia,  and  all  other  solid 
p:irts,  are  continually  renewed  by  material 
drawn  from  the  blood,  aud  that  these  become 
diseased  only  when  the  blood  from  which  they 
are  nourished  deviates  from  its  normal  healthy 
character.  Modern  science  justifies  the  intui- 
tions of  the  ancients. 

In  some  diseases,  we  find  the  blood  carrying 
too  much,  and  in  some  too  little,  earthy  matter; 
there  is  sometimes  an  excess,  and  sometimes  a 
deficiency,  of  various  elements  of  nutrition, 
and  sometimes  the  blood  is  in  a  state  of  fever- 
ish, yeasty  ferment.  Of  course,  the  nerves. 
muscles,  etc.,  built  from  such  blood  must  be  of 
abnormal  or  defective  organization,  for  a  good 
article  of  any  thing  can  be  made  only  of  good 
material.  Therefore,  in  disease,  our  attention 
must  be  directed  to  purifying  the  stream  from 
which  the  affected  organs  derive  their  suste- 
nance. The  source  of  this  stream  is  the  diges- 
tive and  assimilative  systems;  and,  to  insure 
good  blood,  from  which  sound  organs  can  be 
built  up  and  replenished,  it  is  essential  to  fur- 
nish good  blood-making  material,  and  that  the 
organs  for  transmitting  this  into  blood  be  in 
healthy  condition.  As  these  organs  are  them- 
selves built  up  and  their  waste  repaired  by 
blood  from  the  general  circulation,  the  same 
rule  applies  to  them  as  to  other  parts  of  the 
body. 

Almost  every  form  of  chronic  disease  can  be 
traced  to  some  dietetic  error.  The  patient  has 
used  improper  food,  or  eaten  too  frequently,  or 
in  too  great  quantities,  or  the  hours  of  work 
and  rest  have  not  been  such  as  to  favor  perfect 
digestion.  These  errors  may  not  have  produced 
immediate  results,  aud  the  patient  may  truth- 
fully assert  his  present  care  in  the  choice  of 
food  and  the  skill  with  which  he  orders  the  con- 
ditions for  perfect  digestion.  The  errors  were 
probably  in  years  past,  when  he  felt  no  ill-effect 
of  his  folly.  But,  during  these  years,  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  vital  organs  was  being  steadily 
impaired,  and  their  vitality  depressed.  The 
effect  of  this  is  seen  in  premature  decay,  and 
disease  of  some  kind  fastens  upon  the  weaker 
or  more  outraged  organs.  Every  person  born 
of  reasonably  healthy  parents,  and  under  fav- 
orable conditions,  has  a  stock  of  vitality  which, 
properly  treasured  and  carefully  used,  should 
insure  health  and  vigor  to  the  age  of  three- 
score or  three-score-and-ten  years.  Yet  one- 
half  of  the  whole  community,  both  men  and 
women,  are  falling  at  thirty,  and  broken  down 
at  forty. 

Wine  as  a  Beverage — Tendency  of  Al- 
cohol to  Disturb  Healthy  Action. 

In  all  our  common  articles  of  food,  the  ele- 
ments of  nutrition  and  respiration,  are  so  nice- 
ly balanced  in  their  proportions,  that,  for  the 
diet  of  a  healthy  man,  there  is  no  necessity  for 
adding  an  extra  quantity  either  to  the  one  class 
or  the  other;  or,  in  other  words,  the  supply  of 
nutrition  and  of  animal  heat  i8  so  admirably 
equalized,  in  the  composition  of  common  food, 
that  any  material  derangement  of  the  propor- 
tions which  it  affords,  is  attended  with  a  corres- 
ponding derangement  of  the  vital  functions. 
It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  if  we  add  a  por- 
tion of  alcohol  to  the  food  taken  into  the 
stomach,  the  elements  of  respiration  are  in- 
creased and  the  animal  heat  augmented  in  a 
proportionate  degree.  No  part  of  the  alcohol 
can  go  to  form  the  tissues  of  the  body,  or  to 
renovate  and  sustain  them,  as  it  is  destitute  of 
nitrogen,  and  not  an  element  of  nutrition.  It 
can  only  serve  as  an  element  of  respiration,  to 
be  burned  in  the  lungs  of  a  man,  and  to  add  to 
the  amount  of  his  animal  heat.  The  result  is, 
that  as  the  quantity  of  alcohol  is  increased  from 
habit,  an  unnatural  exhileration  is  produced, 
leading  to  an  overtasking  of  the  muscular  and 
nervous  systems,  and  to  premature  decay  in  the 
manhood  of  the  victim.  To  use  a  familiar  phrase, 
he  has  "  lived  too  fast."  Let  us  gain  a  clearer 
view  of  this  point  by  contrast.  We  know  that 
an  insufficient  supply  of  food  tends  to  produce 
paleness  of  the  cheek,  because  both  the  animal 
heat  and  the  nutrition  are  less  than  is  demand- 
ed to  keep  up  the  healthful  condition  of  the 
system.  On  the  other  hand,  where  age  has 
not  indurated  the  skin,  an  abundance  of  food 
keeps  up  the  vital  powers,  aud  the  face,  possess- 
ing the  ruddy  color  of  health,  bears  testimo- 
ny to  a  well-stored  stomach.  But  when  al- 
cohol is  added,  in  such  a  case,  in  excess,  the 
nice  balance  between  nutrition  and  respiration 
is  destroyed,  the  healthful  aotion  of  the  animal 
functions  is  impaired,  the  ruddy  glow  of  health 
disappears  from  the  cheek,  the  deep  red  of  the 
furnace  heated  by  flame  overcasts  the  counte- 
nance, and  the  habits  of  the  inebriate  stand  re- 
vealed. Now,  if  pure  alcohol  will  do  all  this 
upon  a  healthy  constitution — and  none  dare 
gainsay  its  truth — how  much  more  fatal,  and 
how  much  more  speedy,  must  be  the  produc- 
tion of  the  crisis,  in  the  drinker's  career, 
where  deleterious  compounds  are  used  in  its 
stead  ? — California  Culiuristi 


408 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  29,  1872. 


W-  B.  EWES, ...Sehiob  Editob. 


OEWEY  «fc  CO.,  E»n"t>lislxers. 


A.  T.  DEWBY, 
W,  B.  EWER, 


GEO.  D.  8TBONO, 
JNO.  L.  BOONE. 


Office,  No.  338  Montgomery  St.,  S.  E.  Cor- 
ner of  California  St.,  diagonally  across  from 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s. 

SUBSCRIPTION  AND  ADVERTISING  RATES. 

Advertising  Raxes. — lweek.   lmonth.    3  months,    lyear. 

Perline 2B  .80  82.00         $5.00 

One-half  inch $1.00        $3.00  7.60         20.00 

One  inch 2.00  5.00  14.00  38.00 

Large  advertisements  at  favorable  rates.  Special  or 
reading  notices,  legal  advertisements,  notices  appearing 
In  extraordinary  type  or  in  particular  parts  of  the  paper, 
inserted  at  special  rates. 

Sobsobiptions  payable  in  advance — For  one  year,  $4; 
six  months,  $2.50;  three  months,  $1.25.  Clubs  of  ten 
names  or  more,  $3  each  per  annum.  $5,  in  advance, 
will  pay  for  1H  year.  Remittances  by  registered  letters 
or  P.  O.  orders  at  oiir  risk. 

English  and  Colonial  subscriptions,  postpaid,  per  year, 
£1  3a.;  6  months,  12b.  Advertisement  a.  per  line,  first  In- 
sertion, la.;  subsequent  insertions,  each,  sd.  Large  adver- 
tisements at  special  rates. 


ILLUSTRATIONS  AND  REPORTS  OF  MINING    ENTERPRISES 

Wanted. — Drawings  or  photographs  of  mining  works  that 
are  of  general  interest  to  our  readers  are  solicited  for  pub- 
lication in  this  journal.  Official  reports  of  Companies,  and 
description  of  mines  of  importance,  or  of  Bpecial  interest, 
are  also  desired.  Sketches  of  any  new  method  and  dis- 
coveries will  be  very  acceptable. 


©an  Franoisoo: 
Saturday  Morning,  June  29,  1872 


Gold  and  Legal  Tender  Rates. 

San  Francisco,  Wednesday,  June  26,  1872. — Legal 
Tenders  buying,  89;  selling,  89  J$.  Gold  In  New  Yorlr 
to-day,  113J6. 


Table  of  Contents. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Stanford's  Self-Feeding  Battery, 
401.  The  Holy  Spirit  Flower,  406.  Hanging 
Bracket  and  Adjustable  Shelf,  409. 

EDITORIALS.— The  Mint  Bid;  Arizona  Ores,  401. 
Determinative  Mineralogy;  Root's  Wrought  Iron  Sec- 
tional Boiler;  Reception  to  Dr.  Logan;  Cincinnati  Ex- 
position, 

MINING  SUMMARY— Reports  from  mines  In  various 
States,  Counties  and  Districts;  Stock  Reports;  Leather 
and  Metal  MarketB;  Mining  Shareholders'  Directory, 
404-405. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Schell  Creek  Mines;  The  Quick 
silver  Mines  of  Aloaaden,  Spain,  No.  1,  402. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— Dr.  Carpenter's  Theory  of 
Ocean  Currents;  Spontaneous  Explosions;  Gas  Burners 
for  Bending  Glass  TubeB;  Faulty  Vision  in  Painters, 
403. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— A  New  Method  Determi- 
ning the  Quality  of  Iron;  The  Peg  Switch;  Railroad 
Torpedoes;  Road  Steamers— ^Rubber  Tires;  Reducing 
Steam  Power;  403. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.- How  Birds  are  Taught  to 
Sing;  Howto  Take  Care  of  a  Flute;  Filing  Siwa;  Har- 
dening Plas'er  of  Paris;  A  Wonderful  Spring;  How 
to  Build  Brick  Chimney-Tops,  407- 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Times  of  Eating;  Sick  Headache; 
Origin  of  Disease;  Wine  as  a  Beverage— Tendency  of 
Aloohol  to  Disturb  Healthy  Action,  407- 

DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.-The  Family  Table;  To  Col- 
lect the  Odors  of  Flowers;  To  Cleanse  a  Stove  Pipe; 
Pickled  Onions,  410. 

MISCELLANEOUS— Mohair— Its  Value;  Gold  and  Silver 
in  the  Red  River  Country;  Standard  vs.  Narrow  Gauge; 
Geological  Survey  in  Montana  and  Utah;  Will  Our 
Mines  Last?  406. 


End  of  Volume  XXIV. 

The  present  number  completes  volume 
twenty-four  of  the  Scientific  Press,  and 
with  the  commencement  of  the  next  vol- 
ume we  shall  again  assume  our  former 
title — Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  which 
was  first  adopted  in  I860,  and  continued 
some  ten  years  in  deference  to  the  great 
leading  industry  which  gave  the  first  im- 
petus to  the  settlement  of  the  Pacific 
Coast.  The  reason  for  dropping  the  pre- 
fix of  "Mining"  some  two  years  ago  and 
now  assuming  it  again  will  be  more  fully 
alluded  to  next  week.  In  the  mean  time 
we  would  express  many  thanks  for  past 
favors,  and  solicit  a  continuance  and  in- 
crease of  patronage  to  the  end  that  our 
hands  and  means  m  ay  be  strength- 
ened for  the  effort  to  furnish  a  paper 
which  shall  be  a  still  more  complete  ex- 
ponent of  the  mining  and  mechanical  in- 
dustries of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Headers  are 
reminded  that  the  commencement  of  a  vol- 
ume is  a  good  time  to  commence  new  sub- 
scriptions. 

A  Lecture  for  Horticulturists. 

Dr.  Wm .  P.  Gibbons,  of  Alameda,  will  lecture 
on  "  Scale  Insects  "  before  the  Farming,  Horti- 
cultural and  Industrial  Club,  at  Oakland,  Fri- 
day evening,  June  28th.  These  minute  pests 
are  more  prevalent  upon  trees  on  this  coast 
than  is  generally  known.  The  Dr.  has  made 
a  special  study  of  the  subject,  which  at  present 
is  one  of  importance.  Mr.  A.  D.  Pryall  will 
deliver  an  essay  on  the  life  of  the  potato  and 
the  propagation  of  new  species  of  the  tuber. 
The  public  are  invited. 


Determinative  Mineralogy. 

]Written  for  the   Pbess— By  Hemrt  G.   Hanks.] 

The  importance  of  a  knowledge  of  miner- 
alogy to  the  miner  and  prospector,  cannot  be 
overestimated. 

Gold  is  not  the  only  metal  -worth  seeking. 
There  are  many  other  mineral  substances  which 
the  world  must  have,  and  for  which  it  is  willing 
to  exchange  gold.  Many  of  these  substances 
lie  hidden  in  our  hills;  we  walk  over  them  with- 
out notice,  simply  because  we  do  not  know 
where  to  look  for  them,  nor  do  we  recognize 
them  when  found. 

Any  person  of  ordinary  intelligence  may  learn 
to  recognize  the  common  minerals  and  metallic 
ores. 

A  certain  knowledge  of  mineralogy  may  be 
easily  acquired,  quite  sufficient  for  practical 
uses,  upon  which  foundation  the  entire  super- 
structure of  the  science  may  be  built  up  in  after 
life.  Every  prospector,  millman,  miner  or 
min^owner,  should  make  himself  familiar  with 
the  general  principles  of  this  beautiful  science, 
and  avail  himself  of  the  advantages  such  knowl- 
edge affords. 

No  one  should  expect  to  become  a  thorough 
scientific  mineralogist  in  a  few  months  ;  but  all 
may  gain  sufficient  knowledge  of  the  science  to 
be  of  great  use  to  them.  The  careful  study  of 
a  few  well  selected  books,  a  little  practical  in- 
struction— if  it  can  be  obtained — and  praotice 
with  the  blowpipe,  and  a  few  tools  and  fluxes, 
will  soon  afford  this. 

Any  natural  inorganic  substance,  possessing 
definite  chemical  and  physical  properties  is  a 
Mineral, 

A  pure  mineral  is  homogeneous,  the  smallest 
fragment  is  the  same  both  chemically  and  phys- 
ically, as  the  whole.  Ores  and  rocks  are  me- 
chanical mixtures  of  minerals,  as  in  granites, 
which  is  composed  of  three  minerals,  quartz, 
feldspar  and  mica. 

Minerals  are  determined  by  certain  tests,  such 
as  hardness,  specific  gravity,  fusibility,  elec- 
tricity, polarization  of  light,  double  refraction, 
color  of  streak,  color  they  impart  to  borax 
beads,  color  they  give  to  blowpipe  flame,  by  the 
form  of  the  crystals,  etc.  A  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  these  properties  and  familiarity  with 
the  different  species,  constitute  the  science  of 
mineralogy.  The  generally  accepted  defini- 
tions of  an 

Ore 
Is  a  mixture  of  certain  minerals,  from  which 
one  or  more  of  the  economio  metals  may  be 
extracted  in  the  large  way.  Several  hundred 
distinct  mineral  species  are  known  to  science, 
but  many  of  them  are  so  rare  that  they  have 
only  a  scientific  value. 

Ores  cannot  be  recognized  by  the  above  meth- 
od, but  the  wonderful  blowpipe  will  enable  its 
skillful  possessor  to  distinguish  all  the  sub- 
stances of  which  they  are  composed.  The  mi- 
croscope will  be  found  a  useful  auxiliary  to  the 
practical  mineralogist. 

Ore  specimens  are  usually  examined  by  a 
series  of 

Assays, 
"Which  the  knowledge  of  the  blow-pipe  enables 
the  mineralogist  to  perform  with  great  rapidity. 
By  an  "  assay  "  is  meant  the  determination  of 
a  single  constituent. 

Thus  we  may  first  look  for  sulphur.  This 
is  done  by  fusing  the  pulverized  ore  in  a  cavity 
on  charcoal,  with  pure  carbonate  of  soda.  The 
slaggy  mass  obtained  by  this  operation,  is 
placed  on  a  piece  of  polish  silver  and  moistened 
with  a  drop  of  water.  If  sulphur  is  present,  a 
black  coloration  is  left  on  the  silver.  Such  a 
reaction  would  decide  the  ore  to  contain  a  sul- 
phide or  a  sulphate,  unless  silenium  was  pre- 
sent, which  would  be  recognized  by  the  smell. 

Copper 
Is  found  by  wetting  a  small  fragment  with  hy- 
drochloric acid,  and  heating   it    in  the  outer 
blowpipe  flame.    An  intense  blue  color  indi- 
cates copper.    All  ores  of 

Lead 

Give  white  malleable  metlalic  beads  before  the 
reducing  blowpipe  flame  on  charcoal,  either 
with  or  without  fluxes.  The  resulting  bead 
when  placed  on  a  clean  piece  of  charcoal 
and  blown  softly  across  the  support,  produces 
an  incrustation  which  is  yellow3  both  hot  and 
cold. 

Silver 
Beads  may  be  obtained  in  the  same  manner, 
but  do  not  give  yellow  incrustations  and  always 
remain  brilliant  and  white,  even  when  heated 
by  the  oxidizing  flame. 

Gold  is  best  found  by  washing  down  a  quan- 


tity of  the  ore  containing  it,  closely  examining 
the  residue  of  black  sand  and  sulphurets  which 
usually  remains.  If  further  examination  is 
necessary,  the  gold  may  be  collected  by  mer- 
cury and  melted  on  charcoal  into  a  bead.  If  it 
is  gold  it  cannot  be  oxidized  nor  will  any  single 
acid  attack  it. 

Mercury 
Is  recognized  by  yielding  metallic  globules  of 
that  metal  in  the  upper  end  of  a  closed  tube 
when  any  ore  containing  it  is  heated  with  car- 
bonate of  soda  in  the  lower  part. 

Iron 
Is  distinguished  by  its  being  magnetic  either 
before  or  after  strongly  heating  it,  and  by  the 
color  it  imparts  to  a  borax  bead  held  in  a  loop 
of  platinum  wire. 

Bismuth 
la  known  by  some  peculiarities  of  its  incrusta- 
tion before  the  blowpipe,  and  by  the  action  of 
water  on  its  acid  solution,  by  which  a  white 
precipitate  is  thrown  down. 

Cobalt,  Chromium.  Manganese 
And  some  other  metals  are  known  with  cer- 
tainty by  characteristic    colors    they    give  to 
beads  of  borax  and  microcosmic  salt. 

The  study  of  the  properties  of  minerals  is 
extremely  interesting,  and  to  those  who  pursue 
it,  it  has  a  rare  fascination. 

Formerly  minerals  were  described  and  classi- 
fied by  their  form,  color,  mode  of  fracture,  etc., 
as  shells  and  fossils  are  still  classified.  The 
diamond,  the  ruby,  the  sapphire  and  other 
gems  formed  a  group  by  themselves,  while 
now,  having  been  found  to  be  carbon,  the  dia- 
mond is  olassed  with  mineral  coal,  jet,  and 
graphite.     ' 

Minerals  Possessing  Similar  Chemical  Char- 
acteristics 
Are  in  modern  science  placed  side  by  side. 
Thus  the  simple  elements  form  a  distinct  group. 
The  carbonates,  the  silicates,  the  oxides,  the  chlo- 
rides,the  sulphides,  the  sulphates,  etc.  ,f  orm  class- 
es or  groups.  These  are  subdivided  from  other  pe- 
culiarities, as  in  the  case  of  the  silicates — which 
form  a  large  group — those  containing  water  (hy- 
drous) and  those  which  do  not  (anhydrous) 
are  the  first  subdivisions. 

The  most  recent  works  on  mineralogy  are  so 
arranged  as  to  form  of  themselves  tables  of 
mineral  species  for  reference.  Thus,  if  the 
student  is  sufficiently  skilled  in  determinative 
mineralogy  to  decide  by  experiment,  that  a 
mineral  is  a 

Carbonate, 
He  will  turn  to  that  part  of  the  work  descript- 
ive of  carbonates,  and  will  find  that  this  class  is 
subdivided  into  hydrous,  and  anhydrous 
Carbonates. 

A  simple  test  will  reveal  the  presence  or  ab- 
sence of  water.  If  water  is  found,  he  may  re- 
ject all  those  species  which  are  set  down  in  the 
anhydrous  division,  and  seek  for  a  description 
among  the  hydrous  species.  But  as  this  mode 
of  determination  has  many  disadvantages, 
tables  have  been  constructed,  which  by  a  mul- 
tiplicity of  subdivisions,  so  reduce  the  number 
of  species  in  the  subdivisions  as  to  render  the 
final  determination  comparatively  easy. 
[Concluded  nest  week.] 

Cincinnati  Industrial  Exposition,   1872. 

We  have  received  a  beautifully  printed  pam- 
phlet of  fifty-six  pages,  containing  the  list  of 
officers,  rules  and  premium  list  for  the  Third 
Cincinnati  Industrial  Exposition,  which  will 
open  on  the  4th  of  Sept.  and  continue — Sun- 
days excepted — till  Saturday  evening,  Oct.  5th. 
Five  large  buildings  will  give  seven  acres  of 
covered  exhibiting  space.  Many  new  features 
will  be  presented  in  the  Fine  Art,  Natural  His- 
tory, and  Horticultural  Departments.  Most 
liberal  premiums  are  offered  and  in  every  re- 
spect it  promises  to  be  the  most  comprehensive 
and  perfect  Industrial  Exposition  ever  attempt- 
ad  in  the  United  States. 


The  Kimball  Car  Company  have  recently 
turned  out  from  their  shop  an  elegant  pal- 
ace street-car  for  the  City  Railroad  Co.,  which 
is  intended  to  run  from  the  Grand  Hotel  to 
"Woodward's  Gardens.  It  will  hold  25  persons, 
and  the  interior  is  furnished  with  California 
laurel.  It  is  handsomely  fitted  up  with  plate- 
glass  windows,  damask  curtains,  mirrors,  hand- 
some cushions,  carpets,  etc.,  and  the  roof  is 
beautifully  frescoed.  The  Kimball  Car  Co.  de- 
serve great  credit  for  the  style  of  their  work, 
as  does  Mr.  Woodward  for  putting  such  an  ele- 
gant "turn-out"  at  the  service  of  the  public. 

The  Fibe  in  the  Amador  mine  was  still  burn- 
ing on  the  22d  inst.,  and  heavy  caves  in  the 
shaft  are  said  to  have  occurred. 


Root's  Wrought-Iron  Sectional  Boiler. 

We  gave  an  illustration  and  description  of 
this  boiler  in  the  Scientific  Press  of  May  20, 
1871,  and  a  working  model  of  it  may  be  seen  at 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  First  street,  in  this  city. 
One  of  the  boilers  will  arrive  from  the  East  by 
next  steamer,  which  wiU  be  set  up  at  the  same 
place  for  public  inspection.  The  boiler  is 
about  to  be  introduced  on  this  coast  by  Capt. 
Holdredgo,  agent  of  the  company  manufactur- 
ing them. 

One  great  advantage  it  possesses  lies  in  the 
facility  with  which  it  can  be  transported  in 
rocky  or  mountainous  sections  of  country, 
owing  to  its  fight  weight.  The  working  por- 
tions is  composed  entirely  of  wrought  iron 
boiler  tubes  which  are  tested  to  a  pressure  of 
500  pounds  per  square  inch.  The  size  of  the 
boiler  makes  no  difference  in  this  respect  since 
they  are  all  composed  of  a  greater  or  less  num- 
ber of  the  same  parts  uniform  in  size  and 
strength.  It  presents  great  facility  for  exam- 
ination, cleaning  and  renewal.  It  furnishes 
dry  steam  and  is  a  very  rapid  generator. 

This  boiler  was  among  the  first  introduced 
to  obviate  the  danger  in  the  use  of  the  old 
fashioned  shell-boilers  and  carries  a  high  press- 
ure, with  at  the  same  time,  great  economy  in 
fuel.  It  is .  claimed  that  by  its  ubo  there  is 
much  less  danger  from  explosion  than  by  the 
old  style  and  that  the  insurance  is  much  less 
than  when  the  otherB  are  used.  It  can  be  trans- 
ported on  mules,  to  mining  districts  in  regions 
where  roads  are  unavailable.  The  iron  tubes 
are  constructed  so  as  to  bear  45,000  pounds  per 
square  inch,  textile  strain,  across  the  sheets, 
their  small  diameter  permitting  them  to  stand 
great  pressure.  It  is  said  that  the  boiler  pos- 
sesses great  durability  and  permits  enlargement 
or  reduction  of  size,  without  disturbing  founda- 
tions or  sidewalls.  The  principal  advantage 
claimed  for  it  is  its  safety  from  explosion,  se- 
cured by  the  sub-division  of  water  and  steam 
into  small  compartments  and  small  diameter  of 
the  tubes  combined  with  great  strength.  We 
advise  all  who  aro  interested  in  any  way  in 
steam  and  steam  boilers  to  go  and  see  the  Root 
boiler,  when  it  arrives,  or  the  model  which  is 
now  on  exhibition  at  the  above  mentioned 
foundry. 

Reception  to  Dk.  Logan. — Dr.  T.  M.  Logan, 
one  of  our  Sacramento  correspondents,  and  an 
early  and  highly  respected  physician  of  that 
city,  was  made  the  recipient  of  a  complimentary 
reception,  attended  by  a  banquet,  on  the  occa- 
sion of  his  recent  return  from  Philadelphia, 
whither  he  had  been  to  represent  the  medical 
fraternity  of  this  State  at  the  late  National 
Medical  Convention.  The  reception  was  given 
by  the  Sacramento  Society  for  Medical  Improve- 
ment, and  was  largely  attended.  The  address 
of  welcome,  by  Dr.  Hatch,  President  of  the 
Society,  and  the  reply  of  Dr.  Logan,  were  both 
well  conceived,  and  most  appropriate  to  the  oc- 
casion. We  regret  that  their  length,  and  the 
crowded  state  of  our  columns,  will  not  admit 
of  their  insertion  in  the  Pbess.  Several  ap- 
propriate toasts  were  given,  and  duly  responded 
to.  The  occasion  was  really  a  feast  of  reason 
and  a  flow  of  soul.  As  an  evidence  of  the  esti- 
mation in  which  Dr.  Logan  is  held  by  the 
members  of  his  profession  at  the  East,  we  may 
remark,  that  the  Doctor  has  been  chosen  Presi- 
dent of  the  American  Medical  Association,  by 
the  Convention,  to  which  he  was  accredited, 
and  whose  duty  it  is  to  name  that  officer. 


Postal  Cabds. — The  system  of  correspond- 
ence by  postal  cards  which  has  been  for  some 
time  in  vogue  in  Great  Britain,  has  now  been 
introduced  into  the  United  States.  These  cards 
are  simply  an  open  card,  ruled  on  one  side  for  the 
address  and  on  the  other  for  the  letter.  The 
address  side  has  a  place  for  a  stamp  and  both 
card  and  stamp  cost  only  one  cent.  For  or- 
dinary communications  where  no  particular  se- 
cresy  is  required  the  system  is  a  good  one  and 
will  no  doubt  be  extensively  used. 

Mariposa.  Estate. — It  is  said  that  work 
has  again  begun  on  the  mines  of  the  fa- 
mous Mariposa  Estate.  A  number  of  China- 
men are  taking  out  ore  from  the  Pine  Tree 
and  Josephine  mines  in  Bear  Valley,  and 
the  Benton  mill — 90  stamps— is  crushing 
ore.  The  new  work  will  employ  about 
1,000  more  Chinamen,  it  is  said,  and  some 
200  white  men  as  foremen,  mill  hands, 
teamsters,  etc. 

Miners  are  wanted  in  most  all  of  the  mining 
districts  on  the  coaBt. 


June  29,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


409 


Our  Home  Industries. 

Silver  Plating  Works  of  Haynes  &  Lawton. 

No  one  who  has  occasion  to  pass  the  corner 
of  Market  and  New  Montgomery  streets,  can  fail 
to  be  attracted  by  the  magnificent  display  of 
plated  ware  to  be  found  in  the  establishment  of 
Messrs.  Haynes  &  Lawton,  and  but  few  there 
are,  who  would  at  first  sight  imagine  that  the 
beautiful  and  artistic  specimens  of  plated  ware 
therw  to  bo  found,  are  the  product  of  the  skill 
of  San  Francisco  citizens.  This  is,  however, 
the  case,  and  proves  conclusively,  that  if  the 
Pacific  Coast  is  one  of  the  greatest  silver  pro- 
ducing regions  of  the  world,  that  its  cities  are 
destined  at  no  distant  day  to  become  the  princi- 
pal centers  for  the  manufacture  of  gold  and  sil- 
ver ware. 

The  work  carried  on  here,  is  of  two  principal 
kinds;  to- wit;  the  plating  of  White  or  Britannia 
Metal,  and  the 

Plating  of  Amalgamators 
For  quartz  mills.  This  branch  of  the  business  is 
that  which  is  destined  ultimately  to  become  of 
most  importance.  The  immense  extent  of  the 
mines  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  the  enormous 
aggregate  of  capital  invested  in  them,  render  it 
of  the  first  necessity  to  possess  some  method  of 
preventing  the  escape  in  the  process  of  extract- 
ion of  fine  particles  of  gold.  More  gold  is  lost 
through  imperfect  processes  of  extraction,  than 
any  one  is  aware  of.  The  copper  plates  com- 
monly used  for  amalgamation,  require  to  be 
treated  constantly  with  cyanide  of  potassium, 
to  prevent  the  oxidation  of  their  surfaces,  and 
the  consequent  escape  of  the  amalgam  in  pass- 
ing over  them.  But  it  has  not  been  found  pos- 
sible to  prevent  oxidation  entirely  by  the  use  of 
unprepared  copper-plates ;  for  this  purpose  it 
has  been  found  necessary  to  have  them  plated 
with  silver,  which  has  an  affinity  for  the  amal- 
gam, and  retains  it. 

The  Process 
Is  the  same  for  plating  amalgamators  as  it  is 
for  plating  ordinary  Brittania  ware,  the  only 
difference  being  that  for  the  former  a  stronger  so- 
lution and  a  larger  bath  have  to  be  used.  The 
raw  silver  is  prepared  by  cutting  it  down  with 
acid,  by  which  it  is  reduced  to  a  fine  powder. 
It  is  then  a  chloride  of  silver,  and  is  reduced  to 
the  state  of  pure  silver,  by  precipitating  it  with 
common  salt,  and  washing  it  in  clean  water. 
The  articles  to  be  plated  are  first  cleaned  by 
immersion  in  a  kettle  of  boiling  potash  where 
they  remain  ten  or  fifteen,  minutes.  They  are 
then  rinsed  off  and  scoured  and  are  removed  to 
the  solution  baths  which  are  elliptical  in  shape. 
Of  these  there  are  three  for  plating  articles  of 
domestic  use,  and  one  for  plates.  The 
former  holds  seventy-five  gallons  and  the  latter 
holds  one  hundredand  fifty  gallons.  The  solu- 
tion is  made  of  the  prepared  silver  previously 
described,  of  cyanide  of  potassium,  and  of  clear 
water  in  the  respective  proportions  of  loz.,  lib., 
and  1  gallon.  Into  one  of  the  solutions,  which 
is  termed  a  striking  solution,  inasmuch  as  the 
article  receives  a  coating  instantaneously,  the 
articles  are  first  dipped;  they  are  then 
removed  to  a  second  and  finally  to  a  third  in 
order  to  receive  a  heavy  enough  coating.  This 
process  takes  from  eight  to  ten  hours.  Amal- 
gamators are  only  treated  in  one  solution,  which 
as  we  have  already  intimated  is  made  peculiarly 
strong.  The  proper  thickness  of  coating  is  ob- 
tained by  the  use  of  Smeo's  batteries,  of  which 
there  are  ten  in  the  establishment.  Two  are 
used  for  each  of  the  small  baths,  and  three  for 
the  large  amalgamating  ones.  From  them  a 
circuit  is  formed  round  the  bath,  and  to  two 
poles  or  rods,  connecting  with  them,  are  hung 
a  series  of  wires.  First  pole  is  on  the  edge'of  the 
bath  and  has  plates  of  silver  one  eighth  of  an 
inch  in  thickness  depending  from  the  wire  at- 
tached to  it.  The  other  is  placed  across  the 
top  of  the  bath  and  has  the  article  to  be  plated 
attached  to  its  dependent  wires.  The  first 
pole  is  called  the  positive,  the  second  the  nega- 
tive. A  current  from  the  battery  dissolves  by 
degrees  the  silver  plates  attached  to  the  positive 
pole  and  passing  through  the  solution  forces  it 
on  the  articles  depending  from  the  negative 
pole.  This  is  the  whole  process.  Amalgamate 
ting  plates  having  received  the  solution  are  fin- 
ished, but  spoons,  teapots,  knives,  etc,  have  to 
be  burnished. 

Olher  Facts. 

The  amalgamating  plates  which  are  used  by 
the  principal  companies  on  the  Coast,  are  of 
various  sizes,  generally  from  three  to  four  feet 
long  by  one  foot  wide,  but  one  has  been  plated 
recently,  of  the  dimensions  of  four  feet  by  four 


and  a  half.  They  will  stand  a  year  before 
wearingont.  The  cost  of  plating  is  about  So 
per  square  foot.  The  other  plated  articles  can 
be  used  five  or  six  years  without  replating. 
There  is  used  hereon  an  average  about  140  ozs. 
of  silver  per  month,  one  third  of  which  is  re- 
quired for  the  amalgamators.  But  thiB  state- 
ment gives  only  a  very  faint  idea  of  the  real 
value  of  the  manufacture  as  the  labor,  etc., 
make  up  the  principal  cost.  The  works  have 
been  established  over  four  years,  and  are  un- 
der the  superintendence  of  Mr.  Shipman  who 
came  from  the  East  to  superintend  them. 

Hanging  Bracket  and  Adjustable  Shelf. 

The  object  of  this  simple  and  useful  inven- 
tion, is  to  supply  a  want  which  has  long  been 
felt  in  every  well  regulated  household,  namely; 
— an  adjustable  shelf    which    can    be    readily 


tion.      Its  simplicity  is  shown  in  the  following 
description  and  accompanying  cuts. 

Figures  1  and  2  represent  the  improved  ex- 
tensionshelf.  The  form  shown  in  Fig.  1  is  com. 
posed  of  two  light  iron  arms  or  trusses  suitably 
ornamented  and  having  at  their  ends  sockets  ex- 
tending along  the  ends  and  at  right  angles  to 
the  arms,  sustaining  and  clutching  the  board 
which  forms  the  shelf.  The  outer  side  of  the 
sockets  are  grooved  to  contain  rubber  or  any  other 
elastic  material,  so  that  the  rubber  will  rest 
ayaiust  the  wall.  A  sliding  device  operated  by 
a  screw  at  the  eouter,  where  tho  arms  are  placed 
between  the  projections  of  the  wall  forces  the 
rubber  at  each  end  against  the  wall,  firmly 
gripping  it,  supports  the  shelf.  Numerous 
hooks  can  be  cast  on  these  arms  for  supporting 
various  articles.  Fig.  2  shows  a  modification 
of  the  above  device,    in   which  the  sockets  are 


Fig.  I. 


raised,  lowered  or  removed  without  either  the 
assistance  of  a  carpenter  or  carpenters'  tools, 
(which  are  so  seldom  to  be  found  in  every  house 
when  required,)  also  a  drop  or  hanging  bracket 
to  be  attached  to  the  adjustable  shelf,  or  to  be 
used  independently  under  a  horizontal  surface, 
such  as  a  low  ceiling,  an  ordinary  shelf,  etc. 

Before  describing  the  above  inventions, 
we  will  give  a  brief  description  of  their  capabili- 
ties and  merits.    The  adjustable  shelf  will  prove 


cast  to  fit  the  board  for  forming  the  shelf,  the 
rubber  being  placed  in  the  outer  groove  as  be- 
fore. One  of  the  sockets  is  provided  with  a 
clamp  and  set-screw,  the  clamp  working  against 
the  board  and  the  setrscrew  against  the  socket. 
By  turning  the  screw  the  rubber  is  forced  against 
the  wall,  the  shelf  sustaining  all  the  weight  the 
board  will  support. 

Figures  3  and  4  show  two  forms  of  the  patent 
drop   or  hanging  bracket  used  for  supporting 


Fig.   II. 


invaluable  on  book-cases  where  they  can  be 
easily  lowered  or  raised  according  to  the  sizes  of 
books ;  in  pantries  and  drawers  as  a  security 
against  the  collection  of  vermin,  as  they  can  be 
removed  and  washed;  to  papered  or  hard- 
finished  houses  they  are  particularly  adapted, 
not  defacing  or  injuring  the  wall  in  the  slighest 
degree,  dispensing  entirely  with  the  use  of  nails, 
nd  affording  the  paper    hanger    or    whitener 

Fig.  IV. 


various  articles.  Fig.  3  represents  a  drop  suit- 
able to  a  horizontal  surface.  A  conveniently- 
shaped  hub  is  used,  having  a  screw  at  one  end 
for  the  purpose  of  attaching  it  to  the  ceiling, 
etc.,  the  sides  of  the  hub  containing  any  num- 
ber of  slots  or  dovetails,  into  which  the  hooks 
are  inserted  so  as  to  project  at  any  angle  re- 
quired. The  hub  may  swivel  on  the 
screw    and     the    arms    project     all    around, 

Fig.  III. 


facilities  for  working,  whioh  no  other  arrange- 
ment of  shelf  can  possibly  present.  In  chang- 
ing dwellings  it  can  be  removed  without  diffi- 
culty. Some  of  its  forms  can  be  adapted  either 
to  recesses  or  projections,  for  hanging  signs, 
cornices,  etc .,  and  when  erected  with  any  of  the 
many  forms  which  the  drop  will  take,  will  make 
a  complete  wardrobe. 

In  stores,  show  cases,  country  houses,  ships' 
cabins,  office  closets,  and  wherever  space  is 
limited,  it  wouldalmostbeimpossible  to  overrate 
the  value  of  this  combination.  The  hook  alone, 
is  as  protean  in  its  adaptabilites  as  the  adjustable 
shelf.  It  can  be  used  equally  as  well  on  verti- 
cal or  horizontal  planes,  without  injuring  its 
surface,  with  one  or  many  drops,  either  revol- 
ing  or  stationary,  and  will  serve  as  a  substitute 
for  hat  racks,  clothes-horses,  meat  hooks,  or 
revolving  dryers  in  laundries,  and  a  thousand 
other  household  purposes  too  numerous  to  men- 


and  by  this  means  any  article  may  be 
turned  conveniently  to  the  person  requiring 
it.  Figure  4  is  a  modification  of  the  above, 
suitable  to  a  vertical  plane  standing  at  right 
angles  to  the  wall,  etc.,  and  can  be  used  with 
any  number  of  hooks.  This  is  designed  to  take 
the  place  of  the  ordinary  clothes-hook,  over 
which  it  has  numerous  advantages.  Further 
information  concerning  this  patent  can  be  had 
of  S.  N.  Bliven  &  Co.,  (under  the  "What  Cheer 
House,  Sacramento  street)  who  are  the  agents 
for  the  sale  of  it. 


Mining  Patents. — United  States  Patents 
have  been  received  for  the  Little  York  "Water 
and  Mining  Company's  claims,  and  the  Pica- 
yune Mining  Company's  claims,  in  Nevada 
County. 

The  Miners  strike  at  White  Pine  has  been 
satisfactorily  settled,  and  all  the  mines  that 
suspended  work  have  started  up. 


Patents  & 


NVENTIONS. 


Full  List  of  D.  S.  Patents   Issued  to 
Pacific    Coast    Inventors. 

fFnoM  Omcui,  Rkfobtb  to  DEWEY  &  CO.,  U.  8.  and 
FoiiKio.v  Patent  Aoents,  and  Publishers   or 

THE   SotEKTlFIO  PKEBB.] 
FOB   THE    WEKK    ENDING    JUNE  llTH. 

Guain  Cleaner. — John  H.  De  Force,  Healds- 
burg,  Cal.;  antedated  June  7,  1872. 

GarpiNO-PniXBy.  — Andrew  S.  Hallidio,    S.    F. 

Bedstead-Fastening. — Seneca  Jones,  S.  F., 
GU.;  antedated  May  23,  1872. 

RoOtt-DflXLLlMa  Machine. — Asahel  J.  Sever- 
ance, S.  F.,  Cal. 

WnD-WaUBb— William  I.  Tustin,  S.  F.,  Cal. 

Attachment  ion  Whiffietrees. — James  T. 
Williams,  S.  F.,  Cal. 

Oyster-Nursery. — Benjamin   F.  Lyford,  S.  F. 

Note.— CoptoB  of  TJ.  8.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  posBible(by  tel- 
fgraph  or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  Ail  patent 
business  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with 
greater  security  and  in  much  lens  time  than  by  any  other 
agenoy  

Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co's  Scientific  Press,  American 
and  Foreign  Patent  Agency,  tho  following  arc 
worthy  of  mention : 

Improved  Baling  Press. — F.  A.  Huntington 
and  J.  F.  Carter,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  This 
press  is  intended  for  baling  hay,  straw,  wool, 
cotton,  or  other  balable  substances.  It  consists 
mainly  in  the  combination  of  a  single  horizon- 
tal baling-chamber  with  a  follower,  which  is 
operated  by  a  toggle  or  knee  lever  without  the 
intervention  of  any  gearing  or  other  machinery. 
It  also  consists  in  a  novel  construction  of  the 
sides  of  the  chamber  and  the  end  door  and  its 
fastening,  for  strength  and  facility  of  discharge. 
The  chamber  for  holding  the  material  to  be 
baled  has  an  end  door  having  a  flange  or  rim 
so  as  to  inclose  and  hold  securely  the  sides  of 
the  chamber,  which  are  slightly  beveled;  when 
closed  this  flange  incloses  the  side  and  top  walls 
of  the  baling  chamber.  The  walls  of  the  cham- 
ber may  be  either  elastic  or  hinged  a  short  dis- 
tance back  from  the  end  so  as  to  separate 
easily  to  allow  the  bale  to  be  removed.  The 
door  is  secured  by  a  hasp  on  one  side  and  a 
sort  of  cam-lever  on  the  other.  The  latch 
hooks  on  a  small  projecting  catch  on  the  lever, 
when  it  is  standing  out  from  the  body  of  the 
press;  and  by  drawing  the  lever  down  against 
the  side  it  draws  the  latch  tight  and  secures 
the  door.  The  follower  is  made  so  as  to  move 
easily  in  the  chamber,  and  has  guiding  bars  at 
the  sides.  A  lever  is  hinged  to  the  center  of 
the  back  end  and  extends  out  to  a  point  where 
it  is  pinned  to  the  end  of  another  lever. 

Machines  for  Concentrating  and  Amalgam- 
ating Ores. — W.  T.  Rickard,  Monitor,  Al- 
pine Co.  Cal.  The  invention  consists  of  a 
horizontal  tank,  cylindrical  in  form,  through 
which  a  central  shaft  passes.  Vrr  X  shaped 
plates  are  secured  upon  this  shaft  so  as  to  swash 
the  contents  of  the  tank  back  and  forth  as  the 
shaft  is  revolved.  The  plates  may  be  amalga- 
mated if  desired.  The  machine  can  also  be  used 
as  a  churn  if  desired,  the  same  motion  being 
suitable  for  converting  the  cream  into  butter. 

The  Text  of  Interesting  Decisions  in 
Patent  Cases. 

DECISIONS    OF    THE    COURT. 

U.  S.  Cikcuit  Court,  Southern  District  or 
New  York. 

s.  f.  day  and  h.  a.  mann  vs.  bankers'  and 

BROKERS"    TELEGRAPH     COMPANY.— In    Equity. 
DeciBion  rendered  January  20,  1872. 

Patent  of  S.  F.  Day  for  Improvement  in 
Electro  -  Magnetic  Telegraphs  —  Mere 
Change  op  Degree  not  Patentable. 

The  combination,  in  an  indenting  telegraphic 
registering  instrument,  of  a  sounding-box,  a 
lever,  and  a  sou7i  ding-post,  so  arranged  that  the 
blow  of  the  armature  will  be  struck  directly 
toward  the  box  (which  forms  the  subject  of  the 
second  claim  of  S.  F.  Day's  reissued  patent  of 
March  23,  1869),  is  arjplicable  as  well  to  a  local 
current  produced  by  a  local  battery  as  to  a  main 
line  current  where  a  local  battery  is  not  used. 

As  the  use  of  the  arrangement  in  a  local  cur- 
rent would  be  an  infringement  of  the  claim,  the 
prior  use  of  the  arrangement  in  a  local  current 
is  an  answer  to  the  claim. 

Such  a  combination  was  in  use  in  the  "Ches- 
ter sounder"  as  a  successful  practical  tele- 
graphic instrument  before  the  invention  of  Day. 

A  small  box  having  been  used  in  a  local  cir- 
cuit for  making  the  sound  produced  by  the 
stroke  of  the  armature  more  audible  :  Held, 
that  to  increase  the  size  of  the  sounding-box 
for  use  in  a  main  line  circuit,  so  as  to  secure  a 
larger  volume  of  sound,  was  an  obvious  change, 
and  was  not  an  invention.  The  difference  is  one 
merely  in  degree,  not  in  patentable  substance. 

Base  Bullion. — There  was  received  at  Los 
Angeles  on  the  24th  inst.  434  bars  of  base  bull- 
ion from  Cerro  Gordo  for  San  Francisco. 


410 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESSA. 


[June  29,  1872. 


Domestic 


conomy. 


The  Family  Table. 

Of  all  the  familiar  features  of  the  family  there 
is  none  that  possesses  a  greater  interest  or 
greater  capacity  of  contributing  to  the  house- 
hold happiness,  than  the  table.  It  is  the  prime 
uniter— the  first  and  chief  prompter  of  that 
unity  which  makes  the  family  the  integer  of 
human  organization.  It  wields  a  more  than 
patriarchal  authority.  The  father's  commands 
may  be  forgotten;  the  mother's  wishes  thought- 
lessly disregarded,  but  with  its  white  cloth,  the 
table  is  a  power  which  is  never  resisted  or 
slighted. 

The  members  of  the  family-  may  be  scattered 
in  different  places — some  at  the  counting  house, 
some  at  the  work  shop,  some  in  the  forest,  in 
pursuit  of  pleasure  or  duty.  The  magic  of 
ithe  white  cloth  reaches  them  wherever  they 
are,  and  its  mute  invitation  summons  them 
Ihome.  And  even  when  the  family  is  shattered 
to  fragments  and  scattered  over  the  whole  earth 
— when  each  departing  member  has  become  the 
(head  of  a  different  family,  that  unforgotten 
picture  of  a  white  cloth  and  the  tea-urn  will 
■still  assert  its  power,  and  gather  the  wanderers 
from  the  distant  land  to  joyous  thanksgiving 
under  the  old  roof  tree. 

The  family  board  should  be  honored  of  all, 
where  churlishness,  coldness,  silence  and  frowns 
should  have  no  place.  It  may  be  made  thrice 
a  day  the  scene  of  a  festival  richer  and  rarer 
than  picnics  in  wooden  groves  or  sumptuous 
feasts  in  gilded  saloons.  Its  offering  may  be 
frugal  and  humble — but  no  matter;  better  is  its 
dinner  of  herbs,  if  flavored  with  love  and  spiced 
with  vivacity,  than  the  rich  courses  of  a  grand 
hotel,  where  strange  hundreds  swallow  and 
gulp  amid  a  clatter  of  dishes,  regardless  of  each 
other's  presence,  or  the  wearv  and  monotonous 
meals  of  the  boarding  house,  where  the  people 
knew  each  other  too  well  to  be  entirely  reserv- 
ed, and  too  little  too  be  familiar.  Each  as- 
semblage round  the  family  table  has  its  pecu- 
liar charm,  and  each  may  be  made  a  feast. 

The  table  is  no  place  for  stiff  dignity,  or  aus- 
terity. Biting  bread  and  butter,  and  taking 
soup  from  a  spoon  may  be  done  pleasantly  and 
gracefully;  but  to  infuse  dignity  and  stiffness 
m  the  operation  is  inexcusably  ridiculous. 
Hunger  is  a  leveler,  and  eating  and  drinking  is 
one  of  the  most  delightful  pleasures.  No  one 
has  a  right  to  disguise  the  innocent  satisfaction 
of  it  at  the  family  board,  by  the  affectation  of 
an  exemption  from  so  human  a  weakness  as  an 
appetite  or  disdain  of  the  viands  set  before  him. 
The  pleasantest  family  pictures  are  those  cheer- 
ful dining-room  assemblages,  where  father, 
mother,  brother,  sisters  eat  and  drink  cheerily, 
as  though  it  did  them  good,  and  cloth,  urn, 
dishes  and  spoons  seem  to  look  happy  in  gen- 
eral joy. 

To  Collect  the  Odoes  of  Flowebs. — Eoses, 
and  all  flowers  containing  perfumed  oils,  may 
be  made  to  yield  their  aromatic  properties  by 
steeping  the  petals  or  flower  leaves  in  a  saucer 
or  in  a  flat  dish  of  water,  and  setting  it  in  the 
sun.  The  petals  should  be  entirely  covered 
with  the  water,  which,  by  the  way,  should  be 
soft  or  rain  water.  A  sufficient  quantity  should 
be  allowed  for  evaporation,  and  the  vessel 
should  be  left  undisturbed  a  few  days.  At  tho 
end  of  this  time  a  film  will  be  found  floating  on 
the  top.  This  is  the  essential  oil  of  the  flower, 
and  every  particle  of  it  is  impregnated  with  the 
odor  peculiar  to  the  flower.  It  should  be  taken 
up  carefully  and  put  in  tiny  vials,  which  should 
be  allowed  to  remain  open  till  all  watery  parti- 
cles are  evaporated.  A  very  small  portion  of 
this  will  perfume  glove-boxes,  apparel,  etc., 
and  will  last  a  long  time. 


To  Cleanse  a  Stove  Pipe. — Kaise  up  the 
bottom  of  the  pipe,  where  it  is  attached  to  the 
stove,  and  burn  it  out  by  inserting  half  a  news- 
paper saturated  with  coal  oil,  and  the  soot  will 
give  very  little  trouble.  A  pipe  more  than 
twenty  feet  long  is  thus  cleared  out  in  an  in- 
stant. It  should  be  done  when  there  is  very 
little  fire  In  burning  wood  a  large  quantity  of 
water  settles  in  the  pipe,  especially,  if  the 
weather  is  very  cold,  and  the  pipe  is  horizontal. 
Thus  water  sometimes  mixes  with  the  soot  and 
forms  a  paste,  which  is  often  troublesome  and 
cannot  be  burned  out  as  above.  In  such  cases, 
the  only  way  is  to  take  the  pipe  down  and  re- 
lease it  by  slightly  thumping  the  pipe  in  the 
usual  way. 

Pickled  Onions. — Choose  the  small,  white 
round  onions,  take  off  the  brown  skin,  have 
a  stewpan  of  boilng  water  ready,  and  then 
throw  in  as  many  onions  as  will  cover  the  top; 
as  soon  as  they  look  clear  on  the  outside,  take 
them  up  as  quick  as  possible  with  a  slice,,  and 
lay  them  on  a  clean  cloth,  cover  them  close 
with  another,  and  scald  some  more  and  so  on. 
Let  them  lie  to  be  cold,  then  put  them  in  a  jar, 
or  glass,  or  wide-mouthed  bottle,  and  pour  over 
them  the  best  white  pickling  vinegar,  just  hot, 
not  boiling.  When  cold,  cover  them;  should 
the  outer  skin  shrivel,  peel  it  off.  They  must 
look  quite  clear. 


Dhting  Beef.  —  It  is  stated  that  flies  can  be 
kept  from  beef  hung  up  to  dry,  in  warm  weather, 
by  the  use  of  black  pepper.  Heat  a  shovel  red 
hot  and  sprinkle  the  pepper  upon  it.  The 
smoke  will  rout  the  flies  at  once.  Follow  this 
up  three  or  four  days,  as  occasion  may  require, 
and  the  flies  will  give  it  up. 


W.  T.  G-ARRATT  &  CO 

CITY 

Brass  and  Bell  Founder, 

Corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  Streets, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Brass,  Zinc  and  Anti-Friction  or  Babbet  Metal 

CASTINGS, 

Church  and  Steamboat  Bells, 

T1VEKX     AN»  AND     BELLS,     GOAUS, 

FIRE  ENGINES,  FORCE  AND  LIFT  PUMPS. 
8team,  Liquor,  Soda,  Oil,  Water  and  Flange  Cocks, 
and  Valves  of  all  descriptions,  made  and  repaired. 
Hose  and  all  other  Joints,  Spelter,  Solder  and  Cop- 
per Rivets,  etc.  Gauge  CockB,  Cylinder  Cocks,  Oil 
Globes,  Steam  Whistles.  HYDRAULIC  PIPES  AND 
NOZZLES  for  mining  purposes.  Iron  Steam  Pipe  fur- 
nished with  Fittings,  etc.  Coupling  Joints  of  all  sizes. 
Particular  attention  paid  to  Distillery  Work.  Manufac- 
turer of  "  Garratt's  Patent  Improved  Journal  Metal." 
.  ^"Highest  Market  Price  paid  for  OLD  BELLS,  COP 
PER  and  BRASS.  6-tf 

W.  T.  GARRATT,  JAMES  HTLLMAN,  W.  T.  LITTLE. 


N.  W.  SPAULDIWG, 

Saw  Smithing  and  Repairing 

ESTABLISHMENT. 


Nos.  17  and  19  Fremont  Street,  near  Market, 

MAiTOFACTUBEB  OF* 

SP>VTJ:L,  DING'S* 

Patent  Tooth  Circular   Saws. 

They  have  proved  to  be  the  most  durable  and  economi- 
cal Saws  in  the  World. 

Each  Saw  is  "Warranted  in  every  respect; 

Particular  attention  paid  to  construction  of 

Portable  &  Stationary  Saw  Mills. 

MILLS  FURNISHED  AT  SUOET  NOTICE 
At  tfie  lowest  Market  Prices. 


Fulled 
RAWHIDE 

BELTING    AND    LACING, 

Made  by  H.  KCYHK,  No.  437  Brannan  street, 

San  Francisco. 


C.    F.JR.    R. 

COMMENCING 

Monday,   April  29th,    1872. 
And  until  further  notice,  Trains  and  Boats  will 

LEAVE    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


7  00  i-  M-  Overland  Express  Train  for  Sacramento, 
*.\*\*  Marysville,  Red  BlutV,  Colfax,  Reno,  Ogden  and 
Omaha, 


Q  flfl  P-  M.    San  Jose  Passenger  Train,  stopping  at  all 
g,uu  way  Stations. 


4  Of)  F-  -M**    Passenger  Train  for  Stockton,  Merced  and 
-t.w  Sacramento. 


g  Of)  P  M.    Overland  Emigrant  Train,  Through  Freight 
w  and  Accommodation. 


7  30  A-  M-  Steamer  New  World  (from  Broadway  "Wharf) 
,,,JV  —Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  Trains  of  California 
Pacific  Railroad. 


A  00  **■  W-*  Sacramento  Steamer  (from  Broadway 
T.  uu  tvharf ).  Connecting  at  Vallejo  with  trains  of  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad. 

2  00  **■  **  *    Steamer  Antelope,  from  Broadway  Wharf, 
vu  connecting  at  Donahue  with  Trains  of  S".  F.  and 
North  Pacific  Railroad, 


Q  00  A.M.  Excursion  Boat  (Sundays  only)  from  Broad- 
\j.\jkj  wav  Wharf,  connecting  with  Special  Train  of  S.  F. 
it  N.  P.  R.  R.  for  Cloverdale  and  intermediate  points,  re- 
turning to  San  Francisco  by  7  p.  m. 


OAKLAND  BRANCH.-Leave  San  Francisco,  7  DO 
8  10,  9  2  ■,  10  10  and  11  20  a.  m.,  12  10,1  50,  3  00,  4  00,  5  15,630,8  06 
9.20  and  *11  30  p.  m.     (9  '20, 11  20  and  3  00  to  Oakland  only). 

Leave  Brooklyn,  *5  30.  6  40,  7  50,  9  00  and  11 00  a.  m.,  1  30, 
2  40,  4  53,  6  10,  7.40  and  10  10  p.  m. 

Leave  Oakland  *5  40,  6  50,  8  00,  9  10,  10  00,  and  11 10  a. 
m„  12  00, 1  40,  2  50,  3  50,  5  05,  6  20,  7.50  and  10  20  p.  m. 

ALAMEDA  BRANCH.— Leave  San  Francisco,  7  20, 9  00, 
and  11 15  a.  m. ,  1  30,  4  00,  5  30,  and  7  0u  p.  in.  (7  20, 11 15,  and 
5  30  to  Fruit  Vale  only). 

Leave  H*tw*rds,  *4  30,  7  00  and  10  45  a.  m.,  and  3  30  p.  m. 

Leave  Fbuit  Vale,  *5  25,  7  35,  9  00  and  1120  a.  m..  130, 

05  and  5  30  p.  m.  *  Except  Sundays. 

T-  H.  GOODMAN,  A.  N.  TOWNB, 

Gen'l  Pass'gr  and  Ticket  Agt. Gen'l  Snpt. 


"STAR"  CANDLES. 

MINERS  AND  TUNNEL  MEN  are  reminded  that  -we 
are  in  constant  supply  of  the  old  and  popular  brand  of 

PBOCTEB,  &  GAMBLE'S 
Cincinnati  "Star"  Adamantine  Candles,  the 
best  and  cheapest  in  the  market,  affording  the  most 
light  fob  the  least  monet,  and  in  every  particular  sus- 
taining their  reputation  as  the  leading  candle  of  the  U. 
S.    For  sale  in  lots  to  suit  by 

ROSS,  DEMPSTED  &  CO., 
25v2G-3m  305  and  107  California  St.,  S.F. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E.,  > 

Examiner  of  Mines,  Consulting  Engineer,  » 

MINERAL  A9SAYER  AND  METALLURGIST,       ^- 
123  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  ca 

Author  of  the  "Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metal-  —H 
lurgists'  Companion."  (The  very  Comprehensive  ft* 
Work  of  639  pages  and  81  illustrations.  ,5 

Inventor  of  the  Patented  "  Prospector's  Wee  Pet  3- 
Assaying  Machine."      Price,  with  tools,  etc.,  $100.  r** 


STEPHENS    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

STANDARD     BOXWOOD     AND 
IVORY    RULES. 


ALSO  EXCLUSIVE    MANUFACTURERS   OP 

L.  C.  Stephens'  Patent  Combination  Rule. 

This  cut  represents  the  Combination  Rule,  which 
comprises  a  Foot  Rule,  Spirit  Level,  Try  Square,  Bevel, 
Plumb,  Slope  Level,  Etc. 

It  is  made  of  the  very  best  quality  of  Turkey  Boxwood, 
heavily  bound  with  brass,  and  is  graduated  with  mathe- 
matical accuracy. 

The  Square  is  adjustable,  and  can  be  tested  and  made 
perfectly  true  by  the  aid  of  a  small  screw-driver,  but 
this  is  seldom  required. 

In  its  application  as  a  Slope  Level  It  Ib  especially 
adapted  for  Miners'  use,  as  it  shows  the  pitch  to  the 
foot,  and  degree  of  inclination  at  once.  It  is  six 
inches  long  when  folded,  by  one  and  three-eighths  wide, 
and  three-eighths  inches  thick,  the  cut  being  just  one- 
fourth  size. 

'*  By  the  use  of  one  of  these,  a  builder,  mason,  car- 
penter, or  other  workmen,  canalwayshave  in  his  pocket 
the  most  valuable  of  his  apparatus  UBed  in  construction, 
combined  in  a  portable,  useful  and  cheap  form."— Sci- 
entific American. 

Price  bo  mail,  prepaldj  $4.  For  agents'  terms,  address 
STEPHENS    &    CO., 

18v24-3m  Riverton,  Conn. 


LEA.    &    PERKINS' 


CELEBRATED 

Worcestershire    Sauce, 

Declared  by  Connois- 
seurs to  be  the  only  good 
Sauce. 

Caution  Against  Fraud. 

The  success  of  this  most 
delicious  and  unrivaUed 
Condiment  having  caused  certain  dealers  to 
■fi  apply  the  name  of  "Worcestershire  Sauce" 
•^^Cpj]  to  their  own  inferior  compounds,  the  public 
is  hereby  informed "  that  the  only  wny  to 
secure  the  genuine  is  to  ask  foe  Lea  & 
Pebbxns'  Sadoe,  and  see  that  their  names 
are  upon  the  wrapper,  labels,  stopper  and 
bottle. 

Some  of  the  foreign  markets  having  been 
supplied  with  a  spurious  Worcestershire 
sauce,  upon  the  wrapper  and  labels  of  which  the  names 
of  Lea  and  Perrins  have  been  forged,  L.  and  P.  give 
notice  that  they  have  furnished  their  correspondents 
with  power  of  attorney  to  take  instant  proceedings 
against  manufacturers  and  vendors  of  such,  or  any 
other  imitations  by  which  their  right  may  be  infringed. 
Ash  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  name  on 
wrapper,  label,  bottle  and  stopper 

Wholesale  and  for  export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worces- 
ter; Crosse  &  Blackwell,  London,  &c,  &c,  and  by 
Grocers  and  Oilmen  universally.  15v2t-eow-tf 


DICKINSON'S 

Patent  Shaped    Diamond  Carbon-Points. 

Fty.l        'Fig.2  Fit/.  3  Ftyg 


i   | 


Diamond  and  Carbon,  shaped  or  crude,  furnished  and 
set  for  Dressing  Mill-Burrs,  Emery-Wheels,  Grindstones, 
Conglomerate,  Drilling  Rock,  Sawing  or  Working  Stone, 
Trueing  up  Hardened  Steel,  and  for  other  mechanical 
purposes.  Also  Glaziers'  Diamonds.  See  Scientific 
American,  July  24th,  Nov.  20th  and  27th,  1869;  Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal,  Jan.  37th,  1871;  Journal  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  June,  1870.  For 
Circulars  descriptive,  and  Prices,  send  stamp  to 

lv24-6m  J.  DICKINSON,  64  Nassau  St.,  N.  Y. 


To    Parties    About    Building. 


tion.    Address 


A  person  who  is 
competent  to  prepare 
plans  and  take  charge 
of  the  construction  of 
Dwellings.Mills, Bridg- 
es, or  other  architec- 
tural improvements, 
will  make  favorable 
engagements  with  per- 
sons or  corporations  in 
the  city  or  the  interior. 
Has  had  full  experience 
on  this  coast,  and  can 
insure  good  satisfac- 
EDW.  W.  TIFFT, 
No.  626  Jessie  street,  San  Francisco 


WARNER  &  SILSBY 

Manufacture  all  sizes  of 

Bed  and  Sofa    Springs, 

Which  they  offer  to  the  trade  at 
reduced  prices;  also  the  rele- 
brated  Obermann  Self- 
Fastening     Bed     Spring-. 

Any  man  can  make  his  own  Spring  Bed  with  them 
by  attaching  them  to  the  slats  of  any  bedstead. 

642  Mission  Street,  above  New  Montgomery,  San 
Francisco .  23v3-6mbp 


Betts's      Capsule     Patents, 

To  prevent  infringements,  notice  is  hereby  given,  that 
Bctls's  name  is  on  every  CapxuU  he  makes  for  the  principal  mer- 
chants in  England  and  France, 
thus  enabling  vendor,  purchaser,  and  consumer  not  only  to 
identify  the  genuineness  of  lhe  capsule,  but  likewise 
the  contens  of  the  vessel  to  which  it  ie  applied. 
The  LORD  CHANCELLOR,  in  his  judgment,  said  that  the 
capsules  are  not  used  merely  for  the  purpose  of  the  orna- 
ment, but  that  they  are  serviceable  in  protecting  the  wine 

from  iniury,  and  insuring  its  genuineness. 
MANUFACTORIES:— I,  Wharf-road,  Citt-eoad,  Lon- 
don, and  Bordeaux,  France. 


GLEASON'S     IMPROVED 


E.  &  F.  GLEASON, 
Manufacturers  of  Improved  Wood  Tools, 

No.  27  Haydoci  Street,  PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 
24v2J-eow6m 


BTJBLEI&H 

ROCK      DRILLS 

AND 

AIR     COMPRESSORS. 


The  Burleigh  Rock  Drills,  which  have  stood  the  test 
of  five  years  constant  use  at  the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  and 
which  are  now  in  use  in  nearly  every  State  iu  the 
Union,  as  well  as  in  Europe  and  South  America,  are  un- 
equalled In  efficiency  and  economy  by  any  other  Drill- 
ing Machine.  They  are  of  various  sizes,  and  equally 
well  adapted  to  Tunnelling,  Shafting,  Open  Cut  or 
Quarrying,  and  will  drill  six  to  ten  inches  per  minute 
in  granite.  They  are  driven  by  steam  above  ground, 
or  compressed  air  when  under  ground.  The  Burleigh 
Air  Compressor  is  the  best  engine  yet  devised  for  fur- 
nishing the  "air  motor"  for  the  many  purposes  to 
which  it  is  now  being  applied. 

Send  for  illustrated  pamphlet  to 

BURLEIGH  ROCK  DRILL  CO., 

FITCHBTrRa,  MASS. 
25v24-6m 


FOR    SALE. 
A    10-STAMP    QUARTZ    MILL, 

Known  as  the  Montezuma  Mill,  in  Monte- 
zuma District,  Nye  County,  Nevada. 

All  in  running  order,  with  Pans,  Belting,  Furnaces, 
etc.  In  a  good  locality  for  custom  work.  The  mill  can 
remain  or  be  removed. 

THIS  PROPERTY  CAN  BE  BOUGHT  AT 
A  LOW  FIGURE. 

Inquire  of  R.  T.  VAN  NORDEN, 

607  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco. 
24v24-tf 


A     Blake's     Crusher 

FOR    SALE    CHEAP. 

One  of  Blake's  Patent  Ore  Crushers,  size  8x10,  second- 
hand and  in  perfect  order,  is  offered  for  sale  cheap.  Also, 

A  STEAM  ENGINE, 

8x16,  and  another  6x12,  Becond-uand  and  in  good  order. 
Also, 

A   New    Mining    Pump, 

6-inch  bore  and  6-feet  stroke,  double  acting. 
All  of  the  above  will  be  sold  at  good  bargains  by 

J.    HENDY, 
21v24tf  No.  32  Fremont  street,  San  Francisco. 


Price  Pee  Copt.. 15  Cents  j  Annual  Subscription..  $10 

SAN    FRANCISCO- NEWS    LETTER 

AND  CALIFORNIA  ADVERTISER. 

Devoted  to  the  Leading  Interests   of  California  arid  lhe  Pacific 

Coast. 

The  News  Letter  ib  the  mostreliable  organ  representing 
the  moneyed  and  substantial  interests  of  the  Ciiy  and 
State;  its  Banking,  Real  Estate,  Commerce,  Insurance, 
Mining  and  other  Stocks.  It  reflects  the  times  as  they 
pass ;  men,  manners,  literature,  theatricals  and  follies.  It 
is  piquant  and  pungent  by  turns — wise,  witty,  grave,  gay, 
lively  and  severe;  the  mentor,  whip  and  mirror  of  the 
town.  Sold  by  all  Booksellers  and  NewB  Agents  through- 
out the  world. 

Office— 6-3    Montgomery    street,   opposite   Montgomery 
Block.     Also,  Offices  of  the  "China  Mail,"  "Mail  Bag, 
"  City  Index  and  Purchaser's  Guide,"  etc.  18v24-t£ 


The  Pacific  Glue  Manufacturing  Co. 

MANUFACTURERS,  IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  LN 

GLUE,    CTJKLED    HAIR, 

—  AND  — 

NEATS-FOOT    OIL. 

Store 408  Market  Street, 

Between  Battery  and  Sansome,  San  Francisco. 
2)v2J-3m 


June  29,  1872.J 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


411 


Business  Cards. 


H.    O.    BENNETT, 
STATISTIC!  I  A.  IT. 

Reports  and  estimate,  mads  aboat  alt  department*  ol 
Production,  Oommeroe,  and  Manufacture,  of  the   Pacific 


RICHARD   H.    STRETCH,    Civil  Engineer, 

City   and    Comity    Sui-veyor. 
Office— Boom  10.  City  Hall.  llvJUm 

01LKS  B.  OUI.  J4.KI  M.    DAT... 

GRAY  &  HAVEN, 

ATT(iH\K\s\\l)  COUNSB.L.OKS  AT  LAW, 

In  Building  of  Pwclflc   Insurance  Co..   K.    K.  corner  Call 

'ornla  hi     L«l<l«Mlorn  itreeu. 

fiAK  PRANL'ICO. 

Spectacles    My    Specialty. 


C.  MILLER.  Optician, 
135  Montgomery  street,  new  BuHb,  Runs  Block, 
oppODltc  the  Occidental  Hotel. 


JOHN   ROACH,   Optician, 

429  Montgomery   Street, 

8.  W.  corner  Sacramento. 

Surveying  Instruments  made,  repaired  and  adjusted 

22vl7Jm 


N.    P.    LANGLAND, 

Stair  Builder,  Wood  Turner,  and 

SCROLI.     SA.WYER, 

No.  485  Brannan  Street 8ah  Francisco. 

And  No.  9  Q  St.,  bet.  First  and  Second, 
21v23-tl  a»cHAitrt.-ro. 


vat.  aaRTLiNo.  hzhrt  kimball. 

BARTLING-  &   KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  and  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

."<>.*  Clay   street,  (southwest  cor.  Sansurac), 
15vl2-3m  8AN  FRANCISCO, 

SA.IV    PBANC18CO 

COBDAfl E     C O  M  P  A  N  Y . 

Manila  Rope  of  all  sizes.    Also,  Bale  Rope  and  Whale 
Line  constantly  on  hand.    Tarred  Manila  Mining  Bopes 
of  any  size  and  length  manufactured  to  order. 
TDBBS  &  CO.,  Agents, 

28  611  and  613  Front  street. 


AMOS    &    DAVIS, 

Practical  Millwrights  and   Draughtsmen, 

213  Mission  street,  between  Beale  and  Main, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  all  kinds  of  MillwTightWork, 
especially  to  the  erection  of  FLOUR  MILLS,  DISTIL- 
LERIES, eic.    Also,  CopjrtnK  Mill  and  Steamship  Wheels. 

Manufacturers  of  Ninth 'a  Cutis  Grain  Separators.  Build- 
ers of  Improved  Hydr&uiio  Wine  Presses,  Grape  Stemmers 
and  Crushers,  etc  15v2.T-6m 


J.  F.  PAGES, 

SEAL      ENGJRA.-VEK, 

AND  LETTER  (tTTEE. 
Brass  and  Steel  Stamps  and  Dies,  COS  Sacramento  street, 
San  Francisco.    Orders  by  express  promptly  attended  to. 

The    Merchants'   Exchange   Bank 

OP    SAN     FRANCISCO. 

Capital,  One  Million  Dollars. 

LEVI  STEVENS President. 

R.N.  VAN  BRUNT Cashier. 

BANKING  HOUSE, 

No.  415  California  street,  San  FranciBco. 

25v20-qy 


FRED.    KRAJEWSKI, 

MANUFACTURER     OF    TOOLS 

—FOB— 

Molding,   Turning,    Carving,   Etc. 

Mortise  Chisels,  Blind  Chisels,  Crotchet 

Chisels,  and  also  all  kinds  of  Screws 

for  Stair  Work  and  Sash  Joints 

on    hand    and    made 

to    order. 

Berry  street,  bet.  Fourth  and  Fifth,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
25v28-tf 

L.    SCHUMANN, 

PIONEER 


Meerschaum   Pipe    Manufacturer, 


No.    341     KEARNY    STREET, 

Between  Bush  and  Pine  streets,  San  Francisco. 

The  first  and  only  Manufactory  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Meerschaums  Mounted  with  Silver.  Meerschaum 
Pipes  Boiled  and  Repaired.   Amber  Mouth-pieces  Fitted. 


STEINWAY  &  SONS' 

Patent  Agraffe  Pianos, 

GRAND,   SatTARE  AND  UPRIGHT. 


Pianos  to   Let.  Bwfeaa 

A.    HEYMAN, 

I  street,  between  Sixth  and  Seventh, 
il8-tl  Opposite  old  Capitol,  Sacramento. 


BLAKE'S    PATENT    STEAM    PUMP. 

These  Parana  have  been  teited.  ar-d  found  to  be  indisputably  without  an  equal  w  berovpr  tnea.     They  have  been  sold 
in  the  Pacific  Sut*  nvw  for  upwards  of  I  years,  and  w<?  ar<?  will  Jul:  even'  ono  in  u-te  may  Da  referred  to;  ever}'  Purap  will 
speak  for  itaell.     They  »r#  constructed  in  the  tuo-1  simpl--  style,  and   bnilt   lathe   must   thi>roat,h   wanner- especially 
calculated  f.  <r  simplicity,  durability  and  p.w«r     Sonic  of  the  advantages  of  the  Blake  Pump  maybe  summed  up  as  fol 
Iowa     IttajK)  itifo   under  any  ^^^^  inHottda:  for  Mining  and  J-'ir 

Band  Power 


any 
May  be  run  slow  or 
'a»t,  as  may  be  desired.  Will 
diacharxr.  more  water  than  any 
others  of  the  san  a  dimensions. 
Us-  no  l.  *k>  InlnU,  tin-  iteam 
cart  beinK  ea-t  in    odd  cu  ire 

pi".".      I  In- et-'am  \alvc    [fl  fl    r- 

iVctly  balanced,  is  OD*hJoned  .it 
MohvDd.  and  lUdvt  with  the 
KTratest  fticility,havi'ciioo.iiiiH 
nor  complex  Rotary  Arroiiue- 
menis  toKet  out  of  <  rdcr.  Will 
start  at  any  point  of  the  stroke. 
nd  w  ill  discha<  (,'<'  all  tho  wa  er 
of  condnnoation.  Tim  Pump 
hasuo  cr  ink  or  fly-wheel, I  bi  i  ■■■■ 
by  savins  a  considerabl-  it.  in 
of  exponso  to  the  hurchnwr 
Maviiiii  no  dead  po'nts,  it  there- 
fore needs  no  watchinft,  and  U 
t'lnsi'iiuciitly  ready  to  atari 
without  MBinifa  starttnR  bar  or 
»ny  hand- work  whatover.  The 
Blake  Pump  is  exteiihi vely  u-ed 
on  Railroad-  and  steamb"ata: 
Mecliunics'  Institute,  ."an  Franci 
acents  havt-  rt-oentiy  imported 


o,  and  state  Fair  at  ^i 

nil  of  the  largest-nizt 

pleased  to  refer  parties  to  them :  we  claim  for  it,  that  it  ...  ,  ■■■ 

UUttn  Pump  ever  built.     For  sale  by  TREAD"  ELL  &,  CO..  Machinery  Depot   old  Btand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street 

£an  FianciBco,  who  will  he  pleased  to  send  circulars  to  any  address,  or  show  ita  advantages  to  parties  calling  on  them. 


purposes;  in  Breweries.  Tan- 
neries. Sugar  Houses,  r'actor- 
1.  -     Mills,    Laundries,  and    as 

Boiler  Feeders, wherever  Steam 
is  employed  In  fact,  wherever 
Tatar  OF  other  liquids  are  de- 
sired to  be  raised  in  large  or 
small  quantities,  or  against 
Jo-. ivy  or  light  prea*u  e.  it  ib  the 
it  nod  best  Pump  that 
tjii  m  utii-il.  It  Is  offered  to  the 
public  as  the  mo*t  perfect  inde- 
jj. -in lent  steam  Pump  ever  in- 
1  0  1.  .1  i  urty  dillerellt  sizes 
arc  made,  capable  of  throwing 
from  LOW  to  iHO.tWO  gallons  an 
hour,  and  adapted  to  any  class 
of  work  that  mov  b«  required. 
Brerl  Pump  will  bo  warranted 
to  pur  form  the  work  required 
of  it  by  tho  purchaser,  or  it  may 
be  returned, and  the  money  will 
b'  cheerfully  refunded.  The 
Blake  Pump  was  awarded  a  Sil- 
ver Medal  at  tho  Exhibition  of 
,  as  being  the  best  St  um  Pump  on  Exhibition  The 
Pumpri  1m ■  w-ater  works  and  deep  mini's,  and  will  be 
most  simple  and  durable,  ^md  consequently  the  beBt 


BROWNS      PATENT     LAMP. 


One  of  these  Lamps,  when  placed  at  a  distance  of  200 
feet  from  the  bank,  will  light  up  a  bank  surface  250  feet 
Id  length  and  1G0  feet  high,  and  to  a  much  better  ad 
vantage  than  any  other  light  heretofore  tried,  and  at  an 
expense  not  to  exceed  five  cents  per  hour.  Lamps 
furnished  at  short  notice. 

For  further  particulars  address 

C.  B.  BROWN, 

7v24-t  Placerville,  Cal. 


MILL      STONES, 


Portable  Mills,  Eureka  Smut  Machines 
Bran  Dusters,  Dufour  &  Co.'s  Celebrated  Dutch  Anchor 
Bolting  Cloths,  and  General  Mill  Furnishing. 

TRAVIS    &    WAGNER, 

18v24-3m  41  First  street,  San  Francisco. 


REMINGTON'S 

BREECH-LOADING 

Sporting,    Hunting,    and   Target    Rifles. 

Same  system  as  the  "  Remington"  Celebrated  Military 
Rifle,  of  which  over  half  a  million  have  been  sold.  Its 
simplicity  unsurpassed.  For  strength  and  durability 
unequalled.  In  accuracy  nnrivalled.  In  range,  pene- 
tration, and  ease  of  manipulation,  without  comparison. 

The  "Sportsman's"  Delight,  the  "Hunter's"  Favorite, 
the  "  Target-Shooter's"  Pride.    Also 

REVOLVERS  FOR  HOUSE  USE. 

In  these  days  of  thieves  and  Burglaries,  every  house- 
holder should  have  a  revolver  for  home  protection. 
REMINGTON'S  RLFLE  CANE. 

Every  gentleman  should  have  one  for  protection 
against  dogs  and  rowdies,  and  for  field  use. 

E.  REMINGTON  &  SONS, 
19v24-6m  193  Broadway,  N.  Y. 


I.  B.  VAN  WTNXLE.  O.  W.  DAVENPOBT. 

TAN  WINKLE  &  DAVENPOBT, 

IMPOBTEBB  AND  DEALEBB  IN 


Iron.    Steel    and    Heavy 
Hardware, 


CUMBERLAND     COAL, 

Axles,    Spring's,    Blacksmith's  Tools,   Etc., 

Removed  from  Sacramento  to 

Nos,  413  and  415  Market  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

21v24-ly 


BUY   BARBER'S   BIT  BRACE. 


"W 


PACIFIC    STONE    COMPANY. 

Ransome's    Patents, 

For  which  Commissioners  for  the  International  Exhi 
hibition  of  1862  awarded  tho  Prize  Medal,  and  Gold 
Medal  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute  Fair,  1871,  of  San 
Francisco. 

REMOVAL. 
This  Company  have  removed  from  the  corner  of  Turk 
and  Larkin  streets,  to  their  new  and  Commodious  works 
corner  of  Greenwich  and  Octavia.  They  have  estab- 
lished an  office  and  salesyard  at  the  Junction  of  Market 
and  Bosh,  where  they  will  keep  constantly  on  hand  an 
assortment  of  ORNAMENTAL,  BUILDING,  CEMETERY 
and  GRINDSTONES.  Orders  will  be  received  at  the 
above  office  from  all  who  wish  to  get  good  work  at  low 
prices.    Send  for  Circular.  5v24-3amslamrly 


THE    TANITE    COMPANY, 

STROTJDSBURG,  PA., 

Sole  Manufacturers  of 

THE    TANITE    EMERY    WHEEL, 

And  builders  of  Emery  Grinders,  Saw  Gummers, 
Etc.,  Etc. 

Emery  Grinding  Machines, 

At  $15,  $30,  $50,  $75,   and  $110.     DIAMOND  TURN- 
ING TOOLS,  $15  each. 

SOLID  EMERY  WHEELS, 
From  .40   cents   to   $113   each. 


Every  IRON  FOUNDER  can  save  money  by 
using  these  Wheels  to  grind  the  sprues  and 
gates  off  of  castings.  Every  MACHINIST 
can  save  money,  files,  and  labor,  by  using 
tbem  to  shape  his  lathe  tools,  to  grind  ofT 
chilled  edges,  to  finish  nuts,  etc.,  etc. 
Every  BRASS  "WORKER  can  use  them  on 
Brass.  Every  WOOD  WORKER  can  use 
them  to  gum  his  saws,  to  sharpen  his  planer 
knives,  to  make  his  moulding  cutters.  For 
illustrated  circulars  address  The  Tanite 
Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Monroe  county,  Pa. 

13v24-tf 


THE    FREAR    STONE    COMPANY 

OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Office,    63S    Market    Street. 

OFFICERS: 
James  Gamble,  |       L.  A.  Booth, 

President.        j  Treasurer. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE: 
N.W.  Spadxding.  Geobge  C.   Potteb,  N.  P.  Pebtne. 

This  Company  will  contract  to  furnish  or  put  up  the 
heaviest,  strongest  and  most  elaborate  and  elegant  Fire- 
proof Stone  Fronts,  of  any  design,  and  every  style  of 
Plain  and  Ornamental  Door  aud  Window  Caps,  Key- 
stones, Sills.  Water  Tables,  Coping  Ashlars,  Plain  and 
Ornamental  St  ne  Work  of  every  description.  Fire- 
proof Buildings  and  Bank  Vaults,  Cemetery  Work,  Curb- 
ing Stones,  Fountains,  etc.,  all  at  prices  far  below  native 
cut  stone,  and  equal,  in  all  respects,  as  to  strength  and 
durability. 

Architects  and  Builders,  before  letting  their  contracts 
for  Stone  Work,  are  requested  to  call  at  the  office  of  thiB 
Company,  and  examine  certificates,  specimens  and  pho- 
tographs of  buildings  already  constructed  of  Frear  Stone 
in  Chicago  and  other  Eastern  cities. 

For  further  information  apply  to  N.  P.PERTNE,  638 
Market  street.  [19v24-3m 


FirBt  Premiums  awarded  by  American  Institute,  N.  Y, 

MICROSCOPES. 

HluBtrated   Price   List   sent   free. 

Magic  Lanterns  and  Stereopticons. 

Catalogue,   priced   and  illustrated,   sent   free. 

MoALLISTER,  Optician,  49  Nassau  street,  New  York, 

3v23-ly 


Dupont's  Gunpowder,  Safety  Fuse, 

—  AND  — 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Mining  Powder  {saltpetre) ,  F 
FF-FFF. 

DUPOXT'S  Blasting  Powder,  in  air-tight  corrugated 
Iron  Kegs,  C-F-FF-FFF. 

DUPONT'S  Celebrated  Brand,  Diamond  Grain,  Noa.  1 
2,  3  aud  4,  In  1  lb.  and  H  lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Unrivalled  Branda,  Eagle  Duck  Hnd  Eagle 
Rifle,  Nob.  1,  2,  3,  in  halt  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  &  lb.  tins,  aud  in 
1  lb.  and  \  lb.  canisters. 

DI'PUNT'S  Standard  Rifle,  Fg-FFg-FFFg,  In  kegB, 
half  kegs  aud  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  \  lb.,  and  xi  lb. 
canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Superior  Riflu,  A.  F.  k  Co.,  F-FF-FFF, 
In  kegs,  half  kegs,  qr.  kegs,  and  in  1  lb.,  v  lb.  and  L, 
lb.  canisters. 

DUPONT'S  Cannon,  Musket.  Meal  and  Fuse  Powder. 

EAGLE  SAFETY  FUSE  (manufactured  near 
Santa  Cruz,  Cnl..  by  the  L.  8.  *fc  P.  Co.)  Count  an  tly  on 
hand  full  supplies  of  their  Celebrated  Brands,  Water, 
proof  and  Submarine,  Triple  Taped,  Double  Taped, 
Single  Taped  and  Hemp  Fan.  FttSO  made  BBpeabUj! 
to  explode  the  Giant  Powder  and  Hercules  Powder  Cups. 

The  above  named  Fuse  are  warranted  equol  to  any 
made  in  the  world. 

WINCHESTER  REPEATING  ARMS  (Hen- 
ry's Improved)  and  Fixed  AMMUNrriON. 

A  large  and  complete  stock  of  these  celebrated  arms 
constantly  on  hand,  to  wit : 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Sporting  Rifles — Varnished  Stocks. 

Gold,  Silver  and  Nickle-plated  Rifles— beautifully 
Engraved. 

Repeating  Carbines— Oiled  Stocks. 

Repeating  Carbines— Gold ,  Silver  and  Nickel-Plated 
and  Engraved. 

MusketB — Angular  or  Sword  Bayen  ts. 

Full  stock  constantly  on  hand  of  all  the  different 
partB  of  the  Winchester  Arnin. 

Cartridges  in  cases  (Brand  H),  manufactured  by  th 
W.  R.  A.  Co,  expressly  for  their  arms. 

A  full  and  complete  stock  of  the  above  named  mer- 
chandise  always  on  hand  and  for  sale  by 


JOHN  SKINBTER,  Sole  Agent, 


5v24-6m-lanir 


108  Battery  street,  S.  F. 


The  California  Powder  Works 

No.  814  CALIFORNIA    STREET. 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Manufacturers  and  have  constantly  on  hand 
SPORTING, 

MINING, 

And    BLASTING 

POWDER, 

Of  SUPERIOR  QUALITY,  FRESH  FROM  THE 
MILLS.  It  being  constantly  received  and  transported 
Into  the  interior,  is  delivered  to  the  consumer  within  a 
few  days  of  the  time  of  its  manufacture,  and  is  in  every 
way  superior  to  any  other  Powder  in  Market. 

We  have  been  awarded  successively 

Three     Gold    M!e<lals 

By  the  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  and  the  STATE  AG- 
RICULTURAL SOCIETY  for  the   superiority   of  our 
products  over  all  others. 
We  alBO  call  attention  to  our 

HERCULES    POWDER, 

Which  combines  all  the  force  of  other  strong  exnlosivi  e 
now  in  use,  and  the  lifting  force  of  the  best  blabixno 
powdeb,  thus  making  it  vastly  superior  to  un^  uiiiur 
pompound  now  in  use. 

A  circular  containing  &  full  description  of  this  Pow- 
der can  be  obtained  on  application  to  our  Office. 

•16v20-Sm  JOHN  F.  LOHSE.  Secretary. 


FAIRBANK'S. 


THE    UNITED    STATES 

STANDAR  Z>. 

6,000  to  40,000  Pounds  Capacity. 

THE    SAME     SCALE     IS     USED    EOE    WEIGHING 
CATTLE,    HOGS,    ETC. 

Scales  of  every  kind.    Address 

FAIKBABTKS  &  HUTCHINSON', 

126  California  street,  San  Francisco. 

Agents  for  Miles'  Alabm  Money  Dkaweks. 
17v3-eowbp6m 


ffi  C.  J.  COLLINS,  r    ; 

HOTTER, 

No.  321  Montgomery  street,  near  California  street, 
under  I.  O.  O.  F.  Hall. 


Masonic,  Army  and  Navy  Goods  a  Specialty. 
22v24-3m 


ALL    KINDS    OF 

Office    Desks    and    Bcok    Cases 

On  hand  and  Manufactured  to  Order,  by 
JOHNSON   &   BEST, 
No .  311  Pine  street,  opposite  the  Pacific  Bank, 


18v24-6m 


San  Fbancisco. 


412 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  29,  1872. 


The  Pioneer  Merchant. 

In  all  the  vast  fields  of  mercantile  enterprise, 
if  there  is  any  one  pursuit  that  takes  prominence 
over  others,  for  its  varied  phases  of  usefulness, 
connected  at  the  same  time  with  all  the  vicissi- 
tudes of  success  and  disappointment  incident 
to  an  intimate  connection  and  direct  dealing 
with  all  the  varied  conditions  and  characters  of 
the  great  world  outside  the  cities,  that  person 
or  pursuit  is  found  in  the  Pioneer  Merchant. 

"We  say  pioneer;  because  let  there  be  but  a 
breath  whispered,  that  here  or  there,  a  mining 
camp  is  inevitable,  or  at  this  or  that  point  along 
the  line  of  survey  of  some  projected  railway,  or 
interior  wagon  road,  and  you  find  among  the  first 
to  set  his  stakes  or  pitch  his  tent  at  some  pro- 
posed village  site,  will  be  the  country  merchant. 

He  leads  off,  in  every  enterprise  calculated  to 
aid  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  new  village. 
He  islooked  to,  on  account  of  his  supposed  con- 
nection with  merchants  and  solid  men  of  the 
cities,  for  the  influence  necessary  to  secure  im- 
mediate postal  connections  with  the  great 
centers  of  trade  and  business;  and  is  supposed 
to  be  able  to  do  anything,  know  everything, 
and  everybody. 

If  school  houses  or  churches  are  wanted,  or 
1  4th  of  July  celebration  projected,  he  is  ex- 
pected to  give  to  every  subscription  a  liberal 
starter;  and  to  alleviate  the  wants  of  the  poor 
or  unfortunate,  he  is  the  one  first  called  upon, 
and  always  responds.  He  takes  stock  in  every 
projected  turnpike  or  toll  bridge  likely  to  bring 
trade  or  travel  to  his  embryo  village;  gives 
liberal  support  to  the  first  newspaper  started,  by 
paying  more  for  advertising  his  business  than 
any  other  trade,  occupation  or  profession. 

He  is  expected  to  have  the  very  best  assort- 
ment of  goods  and  of  the  best  quality,  and  sell 
them  at  the  very  lowest  rates,  and  while  doing 
so,  is  expected  to  take  his  pay  in  eggs  at  the 
very  highest  price,  and  even  then  is  told  by  his 
customers  that  they  can  buy  the  same  kind  of 
goods  cheaper  in  San  Francisco. 

And  finally  if  a  season  of  drouth  occurs,  with 
its  usual  attendants  of  short  crops,  "hard 
times"  or  a  scarcity  of  money,  he  is  expected 
to  trust  his  goods  in  any  amount,  to  everybody 
and  without  security,  and  wait  for  his  pay  any 
indefinite  length  of  time  that  the  nature  of  the 
case,  or  condition  of  the  seasons,  or  ability  or 
willingness  of  creditors  to  pay,  may  seem  to  re- 
quire. 

And  thus  we  find  the  pioneer  merchant  of 
our  mining  camps,  agricultural  and  embryo 
villages,  among  the  most  useful,  stirring,  en- 
terprising and  intelligent  of  the  world's  trades- 
people. 

New  Incorporations. 

The  following  have  filed  certificates  with  the 
County  Clerk,  San  Francisco. 

Admiral  Nelson  T.  &M.  Co. — June  22.  Loca- 
tion: Little  Cottonwood Bistrict,Utah  Territory. 
Capital  stock,  $6,000,000,  in  shares  of  $100  each. 
Trustees — Samuel  Purdy,  R.  H.  Sinton,  George 
F.  Sharp,  D.  P.  Belknap,  and  Samuel  Storer. 

Atlantic  and  Pacific  Cons.  G.  M.  Co. — June 
19.  Location:  El  Dorado  County.  Capital, 
$5,000,000  —in  25,000  shares.  Trustees- 
James  S.  Houseman,  John  Crocker,  James  Cur- 
tis, Isidor  Burns,  S.  Salomons,  William  Holden, 
Samuel  Beatty,  Daniel  McLeod  and  H.  Kos- 
minsky. 

Meetings  and  Elections, 

The  Star  Consolidated  Mining  Company  have 
elected  the  following  Trustees  for  the  ensuing 
year:  O.  F.  Giffin,  G.  T.  Lawton,  L.  S.  Adams, 
J.  H.  H.  Williams  and  Robert  Sherwood. 

The  Mission  Bay  Bridge  Company  elected  as 
Trustees  on  the  25th  iust.,  Leland  Stanford, 
C .  P.  Huntington,  Mark  Hopkins,  Robert 
Robinson,  and  J.  L.  Wilcutt. 
B^The  Washington  and  Creole  Mining  Company 
have  elected  the  following  Trustees:  C.  F.  Mc 
Dermott,  Martin  Tarpey,  M.  Skelly,  A.  J. 
Bowie  Jr.  and  Geo.  D.  Roberts. 

The  Imperial  Mining  Company  elected  the 
following  Trustees  on  the  25th  iust. :  A.  K.  P. 
Harmon,  J.  D.  Fry,  H.  C.  Kibbe,  J.  H.  Dobin- 
son,  Wm.  Norris,  Alpheus  Bull  and  Thomas 
Bell.    W.  E.  Dean  was  elected  Secretary. 

The  Mahogany  Mining  Company  met  on  the 
26th  inst.  and  elected  the  following  Trustees: 
Tyler  Curtis  (President),  R.  McKee,  O.  H. 
Bogart,  John  McFadden  Thos,  J.  Owens. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer. 


Silver  Dollajrs  to  the  number  of  310,  came  up 
by  the  last  Panama  steamer,  from  the  wreck  of 
the  Spanish  Galleon  Leocadia,  which  was  sunk 
on  the  coast  of  Ecuador,  70  years  ago.  They 
were  fished  up  by  the  Pacific  Coast  Wrecking 
Co.,  and  are  oxidized  so  as  to  look  very  little 
like  silver. 


A  Day  Among  the  Mills. 

Milling  Operations  in  Six  and  Seven-Mile  Canons. 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  work- 
ing condition  of  the  various  mills  in  the 
Six  and  Seven-Mile  canons,  commencing 
with  the 

Parke  &  Bowie. 

To  Ira  S.  Parke  belongs  the  credit  of 
perfecting  a  process,  whereby  the  tailings 
and  slime  can  be  made  to  give  up  their 
minute  deposits  of  silver  and  gold.  Va- 
rious other  parties  have  essayed  the  same 
thing,  but  without  meeting  with  financial 
success.  During  the  past  four  years  the 
saving  of  gold  and  silver,  from  the  waste 
of  other  mills,  has  grown  to  be  an  import- 
ant branch  of  industry.  Parke  &  Bowie 
are  now  running  two  mills  on  tailings  and 
slime,  both  of  which  are  taxed  to  their  ut- 
most capacity.  At  present  they  are  work- 
ing seventy  tons  per  day.  The  feeders  for 
these  mills  are  the  old  Savage  works  at 
Empire,  the  Nevada  mill,  Winfield  mill, 
Bassett  mill,  and  the  Land  mill,  in  Seven- 
mile  Canon.  Two  fourteen-mule  teams 
are  engaged  in  hauling  the  tailings  from 
the  Desert,  which  were  lost  in  early  times. 
The  lower  mill  is  engaged  on  tailings  gath- 
ered in  a  reservoir  at  Sugar  Loaf  in  '63, 
'64  and  '65.  The  above-mentioned  firm  are 
working  seventy-five  men,  five  teams  (two 
of  them  the  finest  in  the  State) ,  and  six 
cart  horses.  The  mill  is  constructed  so 
strongly,  that  a  ten-horse  team  with  30,- 
000  pounds  can  be  driven  in  upon  the 
upper  floor  directly  over  the  pans.  Five 
pans  are  used  in  this  mill,  and  six  charges 
are  put  through  in  twenty-four  hours.  "We 
saw  some  of  the  "flour  "  from  this  mill. 
It  beats  "Genessee  "  altogether.  We  were 
strongly  tempted  to  bring  away  a  handful 
in  our  pockets.  The  amalgamating  pro- 
cesses in  both  mills  are  under  the  personal 
supervision  of  Mr.  Shay.  In  the  upper 
mill  one  of  the  finest  engines  in  the  country 
is  in  operation.  It  is  65-horse  power, 
with  14-inch  cylinder,  32-inch  stroke,  and 
has  a  piston-balance  valve.  The  driving 
wheel  makes  75  revolutions  per  minute. 
Only  two-thirds  of  the  capacity  of  the  en- 
gine is  taxed  in  running  a  full  mill.  The 
firm  are  about  to  put  in  a  new  oblong  pan 
called  a  "double  muller."  The  pan  is  11 
feet  long,  5%  feet  wide,  and  5  feet  deep. 
It  will  hold  about  5  tons.  The  muller  will 
make  85  revolutions  per  minute.  Two  set- 
tlers will  be  used  with  this  pan.  There 
will  be  two  discharge  tubes  leading  from 
the  pan  into  each  settler.  The  advantage 
this  pan  has  over  others,  consists  in  the 
violent  agitation  produced  within  by  the 
two  mullers  working  together  and  throw- 
ing the  pulp  against  each  other.  Amalga- 
mation is  greatly  facilitated  by  this  pro- 
cess. This  pan  is  the  invention  of  Mr. 
Parks.  A.  patent  has  been  applied  for. 
The  pan  will  work  equally  well  in  tailings 
or  quartz  pulp.  A  new  style  of  boiler  has 
been  ordered  for  use  in  this  mill,  called 
the  Root  Safety  Boiler.  It  has  no  shell — 
is  merely  a  number  of  tubes,  10  feet  in 
length,  set  up  on  an  incline  of  30  degrees. 
A  tube  can  be  replaced  at  any  time,  and 
the  capacity  can  be  increased  by  putting  in 
additional  tubes. 

Nevada    Mill. 

The  Nevada  Mill  has  21  stamps  and  12 

Greeley  pans.     It  is  running  on  Chollar 

ore,  and  crushing  50  tons  per  day.     This 

mill  has  unusual  facilities  for  saving  slime. 

Winfield  Mill. 

This  mill  has  18  stamps.     It  is  crushing 
40  tons  of  Chollar  ore  daily. 
Land    Mill. 

The  Land  mill  has  20  stamps.  It  is 
working  on  Chollar  ore,  and  crushes  45 
tons  per  day.  At  this  mill  we  saw  a  New 
Haven  rock-breaker.  Never  before  did  we 
witness  such  a  striking  illustration  of  the 
power  of  mind  over  matter.  Great  bowl- 
ders of  quartz  would  disappear  in  its  rapa- 
cious maw  with  marvelous  celerity. 
Evans  Nfll. 

This  is  an  energetic  little  mill,  having 
but  6  stamps.  It  crushes  15  tons  of  Sav- 
age ore  per  day.  The  battery  has  a  self- 
feeder  and  a  double  discharge.  The  drop 
of  the  battery  is  at  the  rate  of  106per  min- 
ute. This  mill  has  two  Horn  pans,  with  a 
settler  to  each  pan.  In  connection  with 
the  other  machinery  there  is  a  Knox  pan, 
which  is  used  solely  for  testing  rock  sent 
to  the  mill  by  prospectors. 
Mariposa    Mill. 

This  mill  has  12  stamps,  and  works  40 
tons  of  Hale  &  Norcross  ore  per  day.  It 
was  leased  from  the  bank  of  California  by 
Messrs.  Fair  and  Mackey  three  years  ago. 
After  it  had  been  run  for  seven  months  the 
mill  was  thoroughly  overhauled,  and  new 
tanks,  pans  and  settlers  substituted.  The 
battery  makes  95  drops  per  minute.  The 
mill  has  5Horn'pans,3  settlers  and  1  clean- 


up pan.  Its  working  capacity  has  been  in- 
creased from  24  tons  to  40  tons  with  the 
same  number  of  stamps.  It  is,  in  all  prob- 
ability, the  steadiest  running  mill  in  the 
State.  The  average  loss  of  time  is  only  an 
hour  per  month.  Great  economy  has  been 
practiced  by  the  foreman  in  saving  slime 
and  tailing.  "We  were  shown  a  plan  of  a 
10-stamp  mill,  as  designed  by  Mr.  Bisbee, 
which,  as  regards  economy  and  conveni- 
ence, we  do  not  believe  can  be  surpassed. 
Sierra  Nevada  Mill. 
This  20-stamp  mill  crushes  from  55  to  60 
tons  of  ore  per  day.  It  has  2  pans  and  1 
settler.  The  rock  from  the  Sierra  Nevada 
mine  is  worked  principally  for  the  gold, 
which  is  caught  in  the  battery  and  on  cop- 
per plates.  The  water  used  in  this  mill  is 
pumped  out  of  the  mine.  The  ore  is 
brought  directly  from  the  mine  to  the  mill 
by  a  chute. —  Virginia  Enterprise. 

New  Lighthouse. — The  Oregon  Iron 
"Works  situated  in  Portland,  have  just  fin- 
ished the  iron  work  for  the  new  lighthouse 
being  erected  at  Cape  Foulweather,  situ- 
ated 170  miles  south  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia  river.  There  are  five  flights  of 
stairs,  corkscrew  style,  floors,  framework 
for  the  lantern  to  sit  on,  with  railing  and 
a  hundered  other  fixtures,  all  of  as  elegant 
wrought  iron  work  as  (could  be  turned  out 
of  any  similar  establishment,  which  re- 
flects great  credit  on  a  young  manufac- 
turing place  like  Portland.  The  light- 
house is  to  be  a  first-class  one;  it  will  be 
built  principally  of  brick.  The  mason 
work  will  be  eighty  feet  high,  the  lantern 
portion  about  twenty  feet,  making  the  en- 
tire building  fully  one  hundred  feet  in 
hight.  The  light  is  to  be  a  stationary  one, 
but  it  will  be  so  arranged  that  it  can  be 
easily  changed  to  a  revolving  one  if  it  is 
afterwards  found  desirable  to  do  so.  The 
entire  work  is  under  the  supervision  of 
Major  H.  M.  Robert,  Government  engi- 
neer for  the  river  and  harbor  improve- 
ments of  the  Pacific  coast.  It  will  be  a 
beautiful  structure,  a  valuable  acquisition 
for  the  safety  of  the  shipping  of  this  coast, 
and  will  be  lighted  about  the  1st  of  Janu- 
ary next.  The  entire  cost  will  be  from 
$90,000  to  $100,000.— Cor.  Bulletin. 


Stjtbo  Tunnel. — The  Territorial  Enter 
prise  of  the  9th  says: — The  Sutro  Tunnel 
is  now  in  a  distance  of  2,911  feet.  During 
the  past  week  the  tunnel  was  pushed  for- 
ward ten  feet.  Day  before  yesterday  the 
work  of  opening  the  tunnel  to  its  full  hight 
and  width  was  commenced.  Good  progress 
is  being  made  on  the  new  air  shaft,  which 
is  fifty-four  feet  in  depth,  thirty  feet  of 
which  was  made  this  week.  A  cross-cut, 
eighteen  feet  in  length,  has  been  made 
from  the  tunnel,  and  from  the  end  of  this 
they  are  preparing  to  make  a  "raise"  to 
meet  the  work  that  is  being  done  above. 
Shaft  No.  1  is  now  down  203  feet  and  is  in 
good  ground,  but  very  wet;  No.  2  is  down 
498  feet,  in  good  ground,  but  the  water  is 
fast  increasing;  No.  3  is  down  263  feet  in 
hard  ground;  No.  4  is  down  254  feet,  in 
good  ground,  but  the  water  is  coming  in. 
The  company  now  employ  280  men,  and 
are  pushing  the  work  as  rapidly  as  possible 
at  every  point.  The  progress  of  the  tun- 
nel will  hereafter  be  watched  with  consid- 
erable interest  as  it  is  fast  approaching  a 
point  where  it  is  likely  to  cut  some  of  the 
leads  crossing  through  from  the  Flowery 
to  the  Devil's  Gate  range. 

To  Wine  Shippers. — In  answer  to  a  letter 
from  the  Wine  Growers'  Association  of  Napa  and 
Sonoma,  the  C.  P.  R.  R.  Company  makes  th« 
following  proposition : 

"If  the  Sonoma  people  will  agree  to  forward 
their  wines  via  the  'Overland  Route,' -we  are 
prepared  to  give  the  following  rates,  and  issue 
through  bills  of  lading  accordingly — namely: 
On  wine,  in  wood,  in  carloads,  from  Santa  Eosa 
(or  Napa),  to  Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  New 
York,  $2.21  per  100  pounds.  In  quantities- 
less  than  carloads,  $3  per  100  pounds.  To  In- 
dianapolis, Cincinnati,  Boston,  Philadelphia 
and  Baltimore,  in  car  loads,  $2.46  per  100 
pounds;  in  less  quantities,  $3.46  per  100 
pounds. 

Temple  of  Diana  at  Ephesus. — After  being 
buried  for  years,  this  famous  temple  was  dis- 
covered about  twelve  months  ago  by  Mr.  Wood 
who  has  been  searching  for  it  since  1863.  A 
large  area  has  been  cleared  to  the  pavement; 
the  deposit  above  was  22  feet  deep,  and  various 
architectural  marbles  have  been  recovered. 
The  scale  of  the  architecture  is  colossal,  exceed- 
ing in  proportions  all  other  Grecian  temples. 
The  style  of  sculpture  is  bold  and  effective  as 
decoration,  but  inferior  to  that  of  the  purer 
periods  of  Grecian  art.  Mr.  Wood  is  shipping 
the  best  of  the  specimens  to  the  British  muse- 


Blast  at  Dutch  Flat. — A  dispatch,  dated 
June  26th,  states  that  a  blast  of  3,500  pounds 
No.  2  Giant  Powder,  in  Harriman  &  Taylor's 
gravel  bank,  at  Gold  Run,  on  that  day,  threw 
down  and  broke  200,000  cubic  yards  of  gravel. 
The  blast  was  a  decided  success. 


San  Francisco  Metal  Market. 


PRICES  FOB  INTOICrS 

fobbing  prices  rule  from  ten  to  fifteen  per  cent,  higher  than  the 
foltotoing  quotations. 

Thubsday,  June  27, 1872 

Ikon.— 

Scotch  Pig  Tron,  H*  ton $80  00    @  85  00 

White  Pig,  ^  ton 70  00    @  75  00 

Kenned  Bar,  bad  assortment,  ^  ft —  ll4}£(g 

Kenned  Bar.  pood  assortment,  ^  lb —  05    to. 

Boiler,  No.  1  to  4 —  05Wra 

Plate,  No.  5  to  9 —  OR 

Sheet,  No.  10  to  13 _-  08 

Sheet,  No.  14  to  20 _  08 

Sheet,  No.  24  to  27 —  09 

Horse  Shoes 7  50 

Nail  Rod 10 

-Norway  Iron 8 

Rolled  Iron 5 

Other  Irons  for  Blacksmiths,  Miners,  etc         ,r>    @         6 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  33  ft —  40    @  —  45 

Sheathing,  Yellow —  30    © 33 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  12   @  —  12J£ 

Composition  Nails —  28         —  30 

Composition  Bolts —  28        30 

Tin  Plates.— 

Plates,  Charcoal,  IX  ^  box 19  00        19  50 

Plates,  I  O  Charcoal  17  00         17  ,50 

Roofing  Plates 16  00         16  50 

BancaTin,  Slabs,  ^  ft —  50         —  55 

Steel.— English  Cast,  $  lb —  15        —  16 

Drill 15  ifi 

FlatBar 17  ]g 

PloughPoints 375 

Russia  (for  mould  boards) 12  W 

gUICKBILVEH.— ^  ft -85 
EAD.-Pig.^ft --05&      —06 

Sheet 10 

Pipe —    9        -  10 

Bar .  06W      —  07 

ZiNC.-Sheets,  $  ft _n        _  \\\£ 

Borax.— Refined —27        —  30 

Borax,  crude _   5        __ 


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A  NEW  BOOK  ON  MINING. 

The  Explorers',  Miuers'  and  Metallurgists' 

Companion;  Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the 
Various  Departments  of  Exploration,  Mining,  Engi- 
neering, Assaying,  and  Metallurgy.  The  Most  Prac- 
tical and  Comprehensive  Work  on  Mining  Subjects 
Extant.  Comprising  G40  Pages,  and  81  Engravings. 
By  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.  Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $10 
(in  coin);  in  leather,  $12,  Forwarded  by  mail,  in 
cloth,  $11.40,  currency;  in  leather,  $13.75.  Issued  and 
for  sale  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  Publish- 
ers Scientific  Press,  S.  F. 

JMARAVILLA  COCOA.— No  breakfast  table  is  complete 
without  this  delicious  beverage.  The  Globe  says:  "Va- 
rious importers  and  manufacturers  have  attempted  to 
attain  a  reputation  for  their  prepared  Cocoas,  but  we 
doubt  whether  any  thorough  success  had  been  achieved 
until  Messrs.  Taylor  Brothers  discovered  the  extraordi- 
nary qualities  of  '  Maravilla'  Cocoa.  Adapting  their 
perfect  system  of  preparation  to  this  finest  of  all  species 
of  the  Theobroma,  they  have  produred  an  article  which 
supercedes  every  other  Cocoa  in  the  market.  Entire 
solubility,  a  delicate  aroma,  and  a  rare  concentration  of 
the  purest  elements  of  nutrition,  distinguish  the  Mara- 
villa Cocoa  above  all  others .  For  homeopaths  and  in- 
valids we  could  not  recommend  a  more  agreeable  or 
valuable  beverage  "  Sold  in  packets  only  by  all  grocers, 
to  whom  also  may  be  had  Taylor  Brothers'  Original 
Homeopathic  Cocoa  and  Soluble  Chocolate  Steam  Mills 
—Brick  Lane,  London.  Export  Chicory  Mills,  Bruges, 
Belgium.  jun29-5w 

RICHARD  H.  BTJEL,  Consulting-  Mechan- 
ical Engineer,  7  Warren  Street,  New  York. 

Advice  and  assistance  given  to  those  who  desire  to  invest 
funds  in  meritorious  and  valuable  Patent  Rights.  Ma- 
chinery of  all  kinds  bought  and  sold.  Unusual  facilities  for 
testing  engines,  boilers  and  other  machinery.  I  refer  par- 
ticularly to  Professor  K.  H.  Thurston,  of  the  Stevens  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  who  has  consented  to  associate  himself 
with  me  in  consultation  on  matters  of  special  importance. 
jun!5-3t 


Continental  Life  Insurance  Co.,  302  Mont- 
gomery street,  corner  of  Pine. 

If  you  want  pictures  or  fine  frames,  cheap,  send  to 
Sanborn,  Vail  &  Co.,  31  Kearny  street,  S.  F.      18v2-*-3m 


st£ir  Mining  Tools 

PORTABLE  ENGINES,  TURBINE  WATER  "WHEELS, 
Wood  and  Iron  Labor-Saviug  Machinery,  Hardware, 
Belting,  Lacing,  Packing,  and  a  general  stock  of  En- 
gineers', Miners',  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Tools  and 
Mill  Supplies. 

TREADWELL    &   CO., 
At  the      >      Cor.  Market  and  Fremont  Sts., 
Old  Stand,/  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

12v'24 


THE  GARDNER  GOVERNORS,  STEAM  AND  WATER 
Gauges,  Tube  Scrapers,  Cylinder  Caps  and  Self-Oilers, 
Boiler  Felt,  Leather  Belting,  Lace  Leather,  Linen  and 
Rubber  Hose,  Belt  Hooks  and  Studs,  Sheet  Packing,  and 
a  general  stock  of  Engineers'  and  Mill  Supplies,  at  the 
Machinery  and  Supply  Depot  of  TREAD  WELL  &  CO., 
old  stand,  corner  Market  and  Fremont  street,  San 
Francisco.  18v24-eow 


June  29,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


413 


DEWEY  &  CO., 

American  and  Foreign 


latent 


Our  U.  8.  axt>  FoitEiuM  Patent  AorxcY  presents 
many  and  important  advautayea  tut  a  Ho 

nil  others  by  reasons  <-t  Long  ftgtnWIthnmif;.  gn  at  sxpe- 
rlanoe,  thorough  system!  !Ll"'  Lntimste  a.quaintauce 
wiih  ih.   rabji  m  mir  own  community. 

AH  wortliy  inventions  patented  through  our  Acrenaj  will 

have  the  bem  lit  of  an  illustration  or  a  description  in  Ibe 
Wc  transact  every  branch  of  Patent 

and   i.iljtnin    Patents   In    all   civiliied  countries, 

majority  of  U.  h  and  ForedgD  Patents  grunted 

to  inv>  Dton  1  11  tii..-  pi  i  ire  been  obtained 

our  Agency.    We  qui  u\w  the  boat  and  mu»i 

idvice  as  to  tin-  patentsbllltj  of  new  inventions. 

Advice  am.  CntcnxJss  vukk. 

Ekoravi:...  oh  Wood,  >a  ovary  kind,  for  illustrating 
mschinery,  buildings,  trade  circulars,  label*,  plain  or  in 
colors,  designed  and  cut  in  tho  bent  style  of  the  art  by 
expirtf.  in  our  own  office    Also,  engraving  on  metals. 

The  Pacific  Rural  Press. 

Tfita  P.uTric  Rrr.AL  Pnsss  is  now  in  its  third 
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The  state  of  this  new  field  of  agriculture,  so 
different  from  nil  others;  the  new  and  improved 
methods  of  farming  necessary  here;  and  the 
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Rural  Press,  San  Francisco. 


THE  NEW  TT.  S.  MINING  LAWS. 
The  new  Laws  of  1872,  governing  the  location  and 
purchase  of  Placer  and  Quartz  Mines,  and  Agricultural 
Lands  in  Mining  Districts,  of  the  TJ.  S.,  printed  in  cir- 
cular sheet,  for  sale  at  this  office.  Single  copies  10  cts. 
Usual  discount  to  the  trade. 


THE  PATENT 

Novelty  Mill  and  Grain  Separator 


Is  one  of  the  greatest  improvements  of  the  age  for 
cleaning  and  separating  Grain,  while  it  combines  all  the 
essential  qualities  of  a  first-class  Fanning  Mill.  It  also 
far  excels  anything  that  has  been  invented  for  the  sepa- 
ration of  Grain.  It  has  heen  thoroughly  tested  on  all 
the  different  kinds  of  mixed  Grain.  It  takes  out  Mus- 
tard, Grass  Seeds,  Barley  and  Oats,  and  makes  two  dis- 
tinct qualities  of  wheat  if  desired. 
For  further  information  apply  to 

R.  STONE, 
26y3  422  Battery  street,  San  Francisco. 


Mining  and  Other  Companies. 


Ottlng  to  lA<  tint*  nrreuory  to  mail  the  pre*mt  lurg*  r-litii-n   r>f  thr 

,'jfi  In  go  tu  pre**   on    Thurt,ti'j  eten- 

ing  —  u.hieh  it  the  r«V  laUtt  hour  ire  can  rewrite  tultet tututents 


Corona  Consolidated   Mining  Company- 
Location  of  works,  Bunks  District,  lander  County, 

Nevada. 

Notice  ih  hereby  given,  that  ata  meetfugof  the  Hoard  ot 
Trustee*  of  said  (JompU]  ,  held  00  the  36th  day  of  Jane, 
1872,  an  usesam  nt  of  Tin  Cents  per  share  was  1<  vied 
upon  tbi  emit*]  stock  of  auid  Company,  payable  Inune* 
uiately,  in  united  BtfttOBBOld  and  sliver  coin, to  the 
,  si  the  office  "i  the  Company,  No.  4uy  Califor- 
nia street,  up  stairs,  San  Francisco,  California 
np  ii  ■■'■  bleb  tald  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  uu  the 
BUt  diiy  vt  July,  I87fl.  wlmii  be  deemed  delinquent,  una 
Will  hi  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  unction,  and 
unless  payment  shall  be  mode  before,  will  be  sold  on 

Thursday,  the  J'Jd  day  u!'  s  ugusl,  1672,  to  pay  tin-  delin- 
quent assessment,  together    with  costs  of   advertising 
■nd  BXpt  nbes  of  sale.  Uy  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 
T.  F.  OBONJtSE,  Secretary. 
Office,  109  California  street,  San  Francisco,  California, 

Jun20-ut 

Eagle   Quicksilver  Mining  Company— Lo- 

eauon  o(  wirks,  Santa  Barbara  County,  California, 

No tioe  Is  hereby  given  Uiat  at  u  niceiing  ul  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  said  company,  held  oa  the  «th  day  of  May, 
1812,  an  assessment  of  ill-1  per  slmre  was  levied  upon  the 
mines  oj  said  company,  payable  immediately  in  gold  coin 
of  the  United  States,  to  the  Secretary  at  his  othce,  room 
5,  No.  3o'J  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco,  California, 

Any  shares  upon  "  Inch  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid, on  Thursday.  July  lltti.lo72,  shall  be  deemed  delin 
ciuent,  and  will  bo  duly  advertised  on  Saturday,  July  Utli, 
Ifii,  lor  sale  at  nubile  auction,  and  unless  pay in cut shall  lie 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  filth  day  of  July. 
I*?-,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  eosis 
of  advertising  and  expenses  ol  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  trustees.  Wm.  H.  WATSON,  Secretary. 

OOlcH  — Koom  5.  No.  302  Montgomery  street,  San  Francis- 
co (Jidtloruia.  ma.  11. 


Excelsior  Mill  and  Mining  Company — Lo- 
cation of  works.  Cope  Mining  JJistrict,  Ellto  county, 
State  of  Nevada. 

Notice  Is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  20th  day  of  June, 
a.  d.,  1872,  an  assessment  of  Two  Dollars  per  bhare  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable 
immediately,  in  United  Stutes  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary, 
at  the  office  of  the  company,  No,  415  Montgomery  street, 
San  Francisco.  California.  Any  stock  upou  which  i-uid 
assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  Saturday,  the  27th  day 
of  July,  a.  d.,  1872,  Bhall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and 
will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and 
unless  payment  shull  be  mude  before,  will  be  sold  on 
Monday,  the  19th  day  of  AugUbt,  a.  d.,  1872,  to  pay  the 
delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertis- 
ing and  expenses  of  sale.  FKANK  SWIFT,  Secretary. 
Oihce,  No.  415  Montgomery  Htreet,  Sanlrancieco,  Cal. 
Jun22-3t 


Hudson  Gold  Mining  Company— Location 

of  works,  Cherokee  Mining  District,  PlumaB  county, 

State  of  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  a  meeting  of  the  Trustees 
of  said  Company,  held  on  the  18th  day  of  June,  a.  v., 
1872,  an  asheesuitut  of  Ten  Cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable  immedi- 
ately, in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the 
office  of  the  company,  No.  411  California  Btreet.  Any 
stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  Saturday,  the  27th  day  of  July,  a.  d.,  1872,  shall  be 
deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale 
at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  be- 
fore, will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  17th  day  of  August, 
a.  D.,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

J.  L.  KING,  Secretary. 

Office,  411  California  street, 

Jun22-3t 


Lyons  &  Wheeler  Mining  Company— Lo- 

cation  of  works,  Maynard  Mining  District,  Mohave 

County,  Arizona  Territory. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  Assessment,  No.  2,  levied 
on  the  18th  day  of  May,  1872,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  the  respectiye  Shareholders  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 7  100  $10  00 

Archibald  O.  Peachy 8  HO  IU  00 

Archibald  C  Peachy 9.  100"  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 10  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 11  100  10  00 

Archibald  0.  Peachy 12  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 13  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 14  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 15  1B0  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 16  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 17  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 18  100  10  00 

Archibald  C,  Peachy 19  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 20  100  10  01) 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 21  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 22  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 23  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 24  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 25  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 26  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 27  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 28  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 29  100  10  00 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 30  100  10  00. 

Archibald  C.  Peachy 31  100  10  00 

L.  L.  Ecbinson 34  5000  600  00 

E,  MartinSmith 36  2500  250  00 

L.  Maynard 37  2500  250  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  18th  day  of  May,  1872,  so  mony 
shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  necessary, 
will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, Boom,  No.  3,  No.  419  California  street,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  on  the  15th  day  of  July,  1872,  at  the 
hour  of  Three  o'clock  p.  M  ,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale. 

T.  W.  COLBUBN,  Secretary. 

Office,  room  No.  3,  Hayward's  Building,  No.  419  Cali 
fornia  street,  San  Francisco,  California.  Jun29-3t 


Mina  Rica  Mining  Company— Location  of 

WorkB,  Auburn  Mining  District,  Placer  County,  Cal. 

There  are  delinquent  upon  the  fol  owing  described 
stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  May  8th,  1872, 
the  several  amounts  set  opposite  the  nanien  of  the  re- 
spective shareholders,  as  follows: 

Name.                No.  Certificate.  Shares.    Amount. 

Slosson.K.D 7  550  $110 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  made  on  the  8th  day  of  May,  1872,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  stock,  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  320  California  street,  room  No.  5,  San 
Francisco,  California,  on  Monday,  the  first  day  of  July, 
1872,  at  two  o'clock,  p.  M.,  of  that  day,  to  pay  said  de- 
linquent assessments  thereon,  together  with  cost  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  Bale. 

Junl5-3t  GEO.  R,  SPINNEY,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  June  13,  1872, 


"  Pacific  Ramie  Company"— Notice  Is 

hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustee* 
of  "Id  company,  held  on  the  lltb  duv  of  June,  A.  d  . 
18.2.  an  asw-Bement  of  Twenty  Cents  per  share  was  levied 
upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Companv.  payable  lni- 
;::- .  in  United  Btatee  gold  ooln,  to  the  Secretary  I 
a,  No.au  Batten  street, San  Francif 

Any  stoi  I  upon  whleh  said  assevmont  shall    enialn  UQ- 

paid  on  the  L8tb  day  of  July.  1873,  sbaU  be  deemed  de- 

.  and  will  be'  duly  adv.  rtlsed  for  Bale  il  pnblh 

li  as  payment  shall  be  made  before,  will 

tb,  18W,  t ...  pay  the  delln- 

queiit  a*8r*Mo..  nt,  together  with  costs  of  adVtrtising  and 

expensesal  sale.  THOS.  B.  HAYES  Been  lary 

JUU'JJ.td  ' 


Stockholders'     Meeting— Office    of     the 

Hardy -oal  Mining  Coi.un.iny,  S.,.i  Francisco.  June  4.  1«7'J 

Jr.  aceordaiu-e  wliEa  resolution  adopted  ai  ■  mooting  ol 

tho  rrustoviol  tin.  ll.nlv  (•>,,,]  Miniuu  rompauy,  hold  Ihi- 
dMy.aspeeutl  .:„.k,i,ko!  the  stockholders  ol  mi  id  company 

is  hereby  oaUad,  the  sanw  to  bu  held  ai  the  offlee  rtthe 
comi.any.  33s  Montgomery  a  feet.  Ban  Francisoo,  Oafifor. 
nia.  on  I  uosday,  the  tfth  day  of  July,  at  II  o'clock  a.  n  to 
take    into    eo.  siduratioti   arid  decide  upon  the  proposition 

toiecroase  thecspltnl  stock  ol  the  Kid  oompin^  from 

two  hundred  ih.m-and  dolla  s.  divided  into  lour  hundred 
shares  o  five  hundred  Hollars  ,,,!,,  ,h,  pr8Mnj  ca.)itft) 
■wok  Of  the  enuiimny,  to  fii-o  hundred  thousand  dollars 
divided  into  live  thousand  Hharen  of  one  hundred  dollars 
OSOh.  I.   H  vRTLKTT.  • 

E     \\  Alii.  M.  LEAN,      Trustees 
JACOB  HARDY,  S 


Tecumseh  Gold,  Silver,  and  Copper  Min- 

iiifi  Company— Location  of  Works,  Gopher  District 

Culavuras  County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  Riven,  that  at  a  meeting  of  th- 
Board  of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  26tb 
day  of  June,  1872,  an  assessment  (No.  14)  of  ten  (10) 
cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said 
Company,  payable  Immediately,  in  United  states  gold 
and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  F.  J.  Herrmann,  at  the 
Office  of  the  Company,  No.  ti34  Washington  Btreet,  San 
IraueiHco,  California.  Any  stock  upon  which  said  as- 
sessment shall  remain  unpaid  on  the  31st  day  of  July, 
1H72,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  ad- 
vertised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment 
shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Thursday,  the  22d 
day  of  August,  1872,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment, 
together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale 
By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

-  _  F.  J.  HERRMANN,  Secretory. 

Office,  03-i  Washington    street.  Room  No.  2,  up  Btairs 

San  Francisco,  Cal.    Office  hours  from  11  a.m.  to  2  p.m. 

June29-3t 


Union  Gold  Mining  Company— Location  of 

works,  Howlaud  Flat,  Sierra  County,  Cal. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Boart1 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  25th  day  of 
June,  1872,  an  assessment  of  one  dollar  (¥1.00)  per  share 
was  levied  upon  the  caiital  stock  of  said  Company,  paya- 
ble immediately,  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Sec- 
retary', at  the  office  of  the  Company  rooms,  No.  22,  Mer- 
chants* Exchange,  California  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Any  stock  upon  which  said  assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid onthe2yth  day  of  July,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delin- 
quent, and  will  be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public 
auction,  and  unless  payment  shall  be  made  before,  wiil 
be  sold  on  Monday,  the  19ch  day  of  August,  1872,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  aBBeBsment,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expensee  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees. 

ALFRED  K.  DURBROW,  Secretary. 

Office,  room  No.  22,  Merchants'  Exchange,  California 
street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  June'29-St 


Winnemucca  Chief  Silver  Mining  Com- 
pany—Location of  Works,  Humboldt  County,  State  of 
Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  nt  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  said  Company,  held  on  the  19th  dav  of 
June,  1872,  an  assessment  of  fifteen  centB  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  said  Company,  payable 
immediately,  in  United  States  Gold  coin,  to 'the  Secre- 
tary, at  the  office  of  the  Company,  No.  409  California 
street,  up  stairs,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Any  Btock  upon 
which  said  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid  on  the  30th 
day  of  July,  1872,  shall  be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will 
be  duly  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless 
pa;  ment  shall  be  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday, 
the  20th  day  of  August,  1872,  to  puy  the  delinquent 
assessment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  ex- 
penses of  sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

T.  F.  CRONISE,  Secretary. 
Office,  409  California  street,  San  Francisco.  Oal. 
Juno29-8t. 


Woodland    Gold    Mining    Company— Lo- 
cation of  works,  west  point  Mining  DiBtrict,  Calava- 

ras  County,  California. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following 
described  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  levied  on  the 
21st  day  of  March,  1871,  the  several  amounts  set  opposite 
the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificates.    No.  Shares.        Ain't. 

John  H  Wood,  Trustee 6  20  $2  50 

John  H  Wood,  Trustee 8  20  2  50 

John  H  Wood,  Trustee  ....  9  20  250 

W  H  Rhodes 23  500  62  50 

George  Bower 24  500  02  50 

Isaac  S  Allen 25  500  62  50 

HO  Howard,  Trustee 2  200  25  00 

Wallace  Eve rson 29  442  55  25 

C  F  Brown,  Trustee 30  600  02  5(j 

C  F  Brown 33  26  3  25 

William  Stuart  34  606  75  75 

William  J  Gunn 36  126  15  75 

Frederick  Madge H  1,000  125  00 

Frederick  Madge ■■•-..45  300  87  50 

John  H  Wood, Trustee. . .  .47  200  25  00 

John  H  Wood,  Trustee. . .  .49  50  6  25 

Thomas  Anderson C4  250  31  25 

Jules  Greenhood 57  500  62  50 

jules  Greenhood 58  600  62  50 

Frederick  Madge 62  150  18  75 

And  in  accoi  dance  with  law  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  made  on  the  21st  day  of  May,  1872,  so  many 
shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  necessary, 
will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  by  John  Middleton  &Sou, 
at  No.  310  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco,  California, 
on  the  sixteenth  day  of  July,  1872,  at  the  hour  of  one 
o'clock,  P.  M.  of  said  duy,  to  pay  said  delinquentass-ss- 
ments  thereon,  together  with  cost  of  advertising  and 
expenses  of  sale.  F.  MADGE,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  64  Merchants'  Exchange,  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  California.  Jun29-.8t 


Important    to    Miners. 

FRET'S  IMPROVEMENT  ON 

Evans'    Under    Current     and     Sluices. 

For  Saving  Fine  Gold  and  Floating  Quicksilver, 

For  particulars  address 
WATERS  «Sc  CO.,  Assayers,  Agents, 
NO.  54  J  STREET,  SACRAMENTO. 
16v24-3m 


01      AAAREWABI>!     For  any  case   of 
mT\E      1  Ha  HI  fl  Blind,  Bleeding,  Itching,  or  Ulcerated 
UllVVV^1^     that    X>o    Blng's    Pile 
7  Remedy  fails  to  cure.    It  is  pre- 

pared expressly  to  cure  the  Piles  and  nothing  else.    Sold  by 
all  Drufrpists.    Price  $1.00. 

C.  F.  Richaiidb  h  Co.,  Agents,  corner  Clay  and  Sonsome 
Streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Norman  Gold  Mining  Company—Location 

of  works.  Aqueduct  Mining  District,  Amador  County, 
California. 

NotlM  is  hereby  given,  thatat  a  meet  ins  of  the  Board 

Df  Tnutuoa  at  said  oompwy,  held  on  the  27th  day  (1f 

.  ;ui  inerameni  ol  five  oenta  per  hhur«  was 

levied  upon  the  cap  tal  clock  of  said  compnny.  payable 

Immediately  iu  Qniu  d  Stages  gold  coin,  u-  tb«  Secretary 
at  the  office  of  the  company  room  ;>,  No.  302  Montgom- 
ery Btn  et  Ban  PranclRCO,  Oal . 

Any  stork  upon  wlii'ii  said  assessment  Bhaii  remain 
nupaidon  Thursday,  the  1st  dsy  o(  August,  1872,  ^iiaii 
be  deemed  delinquent,  and  will  be  duly  advartlaed  far 
sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payrzent  shall  be 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Thursday,  the  2261  diy  of 
lufruBt,  1873,  to  pay  th<-  delfDonsnt  assessment,  together 
with  coats  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  asie.  By 
order  of  the  Bourd  of  Trustees. 

Wm.  IT    WATSON.  Stvr.tury. 

Office— Room  5,  No.  b02  Montgomery  street.  San 
Francisco. 


Enrrons  ScieNTific  Piiebs. — An  erroneous  impression 
prevails  that  the  GIANT  POWDER  Company's  Works 
exploded.  This  is  not  the  case;  but  the  works  of  the 
Hercules  Powder  Company  (which  is  a  totally  different 
substance)  wore  destroyed  by  the  explosion. 

The  undersigned  will  fill  all  orders  for  both  grades 
Giant  Powder,  as  heretofore. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN  &  CO., 
26v2*-3t  General  Agents  Giant  Powder  Co. 


Fourth  of  July  Celebration 


fiy  Headquarters  of  the  Grand  Marshal,  No.   417 
Kearny  street. 

A  CORDIAL  INVITATION 

Is  extended  to  all  Military  and  Civic  Organizations  in 
this  City  and  County  to  participate  in  the  Celebration  of 
the  approaching  Anniversary  of  American  Indepen- 
dence. The  heads  of  all  organizations  are  earnestly  re- 
quested to  signify  their  acceptance  of  this  lnvitjdion, 
and  make  immediate  application  at  these  headquarters, 
that  they  may  be  assigned  positions  in  the  line. 

By  order. 

R.  BEVERLY  COLE, 

2Gv3td-bp  Grand  Marshal. 


To    Engineers    »n<l    AXllluien. 

NATHAN    &    DREYFUS' 

PATENT 

Self-Acting  Lubricators  for  Cylin- 
ders. 

Their  advantages  over  other  lubricators  are  so  strik- 
ing, that  it  is  only  a  question  of  time  for  them  to  come 
into  general  use— their  accuracy  in  keeping  the  valves 
and  pistons  thoroughly  and  constantly  lubricated  being 
unequalled.  A  close  examination  of  this  sectional  view 
of  Lubricating  Cup  will  give  an  idea  of  its  working. 

The  principle  of  working  is -based  on  an  intermittent 
condensation  of  Bteam  in  the  upper  part  of  the  cup  con- 
taining the  lubricant.  At  every  couple  of  strokes,  the 
steam  condensing,  produces  a  drop  of  water,  which, 
being  heavier  than  the  oil,  sinks  byits  own  gravity,  and 
raises  a  corresponding  drop  of  oil  over  into  a  tube/which 
arises  in  the  center  of  the  cup  and  conveys  said  oil  di- 


rectly to  the  chest 
tube  being  the  only 
the    Lubricator  to 
of  the  engine.  The 
the  condensation  is 
day  by  a  side- cock, 
again  with  the  lu- 
advantage  is,  that 
process  refines  the 
settlin  g   down 
cant    carries  down 
which  may  be  con- 
this  way  corrosion 
and  cylinder  is  pre- 
nf    the  engine  im- 
amount  of  packing 
bricators  have 
ted  on  thous-    ,« 
t  i  o  n  a  r  y  and  /A 
tiinea,     steam  f.s!|~ 
steam  fir«  en- 
on  locomotives 
Eight*   Rail- 
the  United 


and  cylinder,  this 

connection    from 

the  internal    part 

water  produced  by 

drawn   off  once  a 

and  the  cup  filled 

bricant.    Another 

the    condensing 

oil,  as  the  water 

throujh  thelubri- 

saltB     and      acids 

tained  therein.  In 

of  the  steam  chest 

vented,  the  power 

proved,     and     an 

saved.  Tnfese  Lu- 

been  adop- 

,~,   ANi'SofMa- 

gfg  murine  en- 

pumps, 

giucs,   ntd 

by   over 

r.'i.\Ds      in 

Siates. 


y5?~  Send  for  a  Circular  and   Sample,  for  which  no 
charge  unless  approved  of. 
Address  TftEADWELU  &  CO., 

San  FranciBro. 


DREYFUS'    PATENT   SELF-OILERS, 

For     Shafting,     Engines,     Machines,    lite. 

Save  from  '5  to  06  pr  r  cent,  of  oil 
^  used  on  shafting  or  machinery  bear- 
ings, No  better  investment  for  thL- 
aniuiuit  can  be  made  by  any  pel  sou 
having  machinery  or  running  shaft- 
ing. They  are  widely  known  for 
their  reliability  and  economy.  All 
the  trouble  of  "oiling  up''  is  avoid- 
ed. There  is  no  waste  of  oil,  audno 
cans  are  needed  A  siuglo  trial  will  prove  their  ^ 
We  will  put  them  into  any  mill,  and  if  not  perfectly 
satisfactory,  they  may  be  returned  nt  our  expense,  and 
the  price  will  be  refunded.  We  have  a  large  stock  on 
hand,  of  nil  sizes,  adapted  to  all  description  of  boxi  s. 
Scud  for  Price  List  and  Circular. 
Address  TKEADWELL  &  CO., 

2jv24-eow  San  Francisco. 


KubOer 

and 

Oak -Tanned 

Leather 

New  Stock,  just  in;  Pawtucket  manufacture;  Bland 
ard  quality— warranted  tJiebest.  Come  and  see  and  get 
prices,  or  give  it  a  trial. 

TREAD  WELL    &    CO., 

12v24  Market,  cor.  Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco 


AGENTS  WANTED  to  canvass 
every  town  on  the  Pacific  Coast  for  the  Scienitfic 
Peess,  Pacifio  Rtjbal  Press,  and  the  Pacific 
Coast  Mercantile  Director.  Experienced  can- 
vassers preferred.  Good  men  can  make  large  wa- 
ges, besides  learning  much  and  improving  their  talents. 


414 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  29,  1872. 


Machinists  and  Foundries. 

BSTABlilSHED    XS5X. 

PACIFIC    IROff    WORKS, 

JPIrst  and  Fremont  streets, 

SAN  FKANOISCO 

1  HA    P.   BAXEIX,  A.  P.  BBATTOS, 

GEO.  W.  FOGG,  Superintendent. 

SiteainEngines  andBoilers, 

MARINE  AND  STATIONARY, 

IRON  AND  BRASS  CASTINGS 
Mining  Machinery  of  Every  Description, 

And  all  otter  classes  of  work  generally  done  at  first- 
class  establishments,  manufactured  by  ns  at  the  lowest 
arices,  and  of  the  beBt  quality. 

By  Particular  attention  paid  to  Jobbing  Work  and 
^pairs. 

3i.  B  —Sole  Agents  for  sale  of  HTTNTOON'S  OELE- 
3KATED  PATENT  GOVERNOR. 

18v20-Sm  GODDARD  it  CO. 


FULTON 

Foundry  and  Iron  Worts. 

HINCKLEY  &   CO., 

MANUrACTORERS    07 

*s*  T  33  A.  M    ENGINES, 
Quartz,    Flour    and    Saw  Mills, 

£faye«'  Improved  Steam  Pomp,  Brodle's  Im- 
proved      Crusher,      Mining;     Pnmpi, 
Analgamatora,  and  all  kind* 
of  Machinery. 

£,  corner  of  Tehama  and  Fremont  streets,  above  How. 
street,  San  Francisco.  3-OJ 


GEORGE    T.    PRACY, 

MACHINE       WORKS, 

109   and   111   Mission  Street, 
SAN  FBANCISCO. 

These  Works  have  lately  been  increased, 
by  additional  Tools,  and  we  are  now  able 
to  turn  out  any  kind  of  work,  equal  to  and 
cheaper  than  any  establishment  in  the 
State;  that  is  to  say.-— 

STEAM     ENGINES, 

Flour  and  Saw  Mills, 

QUARTZ    KACHIHEIY 
Printing   Presses, 

-&ND  MACHINERY  MADE  OP  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Improved  Safety  Store  Hoists, 

Fitted  with  Cutting's  Patent  Cams,  nneqnaled  for 
safety,  convenience  and  cheapness.  This  Hoist  can  be 
built  for  about  half  the  price  of  any  other  in  use.  To 
be  scon  at  HAWLEY  &  CO.'S. 

A.I.S0,   atANUF ACTUS EB   AND   SOLE  AGENT  FOE 

Pracy's     Celeorated    Governor. 

TURNING  LATHES,  Etc.,  constantly  on  hand. 
4v23tf 

UNION    IRON    WORKS, 

Sacramento. 
■WILLIAMS,  ROOT  &  NEILSON, 

MAKUTACTDHERS  OF 

&  TEA-IWC  ENGtXlVIES,  BOIIxEKS, 

CROSS'  .PATENT  BOILER  FEEDER  AND  SEDIMENT 

COLLECTOR 

WILCOX'S  PATENT  WATER  LIFTERS, 

'Uuubar'm  Patent  Self-AdlnBtlnir  Steam  Pliton 

PACKING,  for  new  and  old  Cylinders. 

And  nil  kinds  of  Mining;  Machinery. 

Front  street)  between  N  and  O  streets* 

SlrtRiKKSTO  ClTT 

PACIFIC 

Rolling  Mill  Company, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,   CAL. 
Established  for  the  Manatactnre  of 

RAILROAD    AND  OTHER   IRON 

__  — AHD  — 

Silvery  Variety  of  Shafting?, 

Embracing  ALL  SIZES  of 

steamboat    Shafts,  Cranks,    Piston    and    Con- 

neettnn  .llodn,  Car  und  Locomotive  Axles 

and  Frames 

HAMMERED     ITtCKN" 

Of  every  description  and  size. 

-S»- Orders  addressed  to     PACIFIC   ROLLING     MILL 

-t  jmPaNV   Post  office,  San  Francisco,  Oal.,  will      ceive 

prompt  attention 

■g&r  The  highest  price  paid  for  Scrap  Iron  9vl43m 


ROOT'S   PATENT   FORCE   BLAST   ROTARY    BLOWER, 


For  Circulars  and 


MATCTTR'AnTllrtTETt    A.T  TEE 

GLOBE     IRON     WORKS, 
Stockton,    Cal. 

Awarded    the  First   Premium  at  the  Paris 

Exposition. — Patented  November  1,  1864; 

July  24,  1866;  and  October  9,  1866. 

Adapted  for  Smelting,  Foundry,  Mining  and 

Steamships.  Eequires  50  Per  Cent. 

less    power    than    any 

Blower     now 


One  of  these  Blowers 
may  be  seen  at  W.  T.  Gar- 
ratt  &  Co.'b  Brass  Foun- 
dry,San Francisco;  Gould 
&  Ourry  and  Savage  S.  M. 
Co.'s,  Nevada;  and  at  C, 
P.  R.  R.  Oo.'b  Works,  Sac- 
ramento; and  other  places 
on  this  coast. 

Caution.  —  Purchasers 
will  find  it  to  their  advan- 
tage to  apply  direct  to  the 
Stockton  Agency,  as  cer- 
tain parties,  not  author- 
ized to  manufacture  the 
Blower,  have  put  in  the 
market  machines  of  infe- 
rior construction,  which 
do  not  answer  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  genuine 
article.  Quartz,  Saw 
and  Grist  BEill,  Iron( 
Stationary  and 
Steamboat  Engines, 
Horse-Power  and 
Pumps,  of  all  Sizes. 


GLOBE  IRON  WORKS,  STOCKTON,  CAL. 


CAMERON'S 
STEAM    PUMPS. 

PICKERING'S 
Engine    Regulators. 

GUTARD'S 

INJECTORS. 

BABTOL'S 

STEAM!    TISA.P. 

Surface  Condensers. 

davhTstoddart, 

114  BEALE  STREET,  S.  P. 


San  Francisco  Boiler  Works,  123  and  125  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

P.  I.  CUBBY  (late  Foreman  of  the  Vulcan  Iron  'Works),  Proprietor. 


High  and  Low 
Pressure 

BOILERS 

of  all  descriptions. 


Manufacturers  of  the 

CELEBRATED 

SPIRAL     BOILER. 


Sheet  Iron  Work 

of  every 

DESCRIPTION 

done  at  the 

Shortest  Notice. 
An  kinds  of 

JOBBING 

and 
Repairing- 

Promptly  Attended 
to. 


THE    KISDON 

Iron  and  Locomotive  Works. 

INCORPORATED APRIL  30,  1868. 

CAPITAL. $1,000,000. 

LOCATION    OF    WORKS: 
Corner  of  Ueaie  and.  Howard  Streets, 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 

Manufacturers  of  Steam  Engines,  Quartz  and  Flour 
Mill  Machinery,  Steam  Boilers  {Marine,  Locomotive 
and  Stationary) ,  Marine  Engines  (High  and  Low  Pres- 
sure). All  kinds  of  light  and  heavy  Castings  at  lowest 
prices.  Cams  and  Tappets,  with  chilled  faces,  guaran- 
teed 40  per  cent,  more  durable  than  ordinary  iron. 

Directors : 
Wm.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Brenham,  C.  E.  McLane, 

Wm.  Norris,  Wm.  H.  Taylor,  Lloyd  Tevis, 

James  D.  Walker. 

WM.  H.  TAYLOR President. 

C.  E.  McLANE Vice  President. 

JOSEPH  MOORE Superintendent. 

LEWIS  R.  MEAD Secretary. 

24vl7-qy 

OCCIDENTAL   FOUNDRY, 

137  and  139  FirBt  st.,  near  the  Gas  Works,  San  Francisco. 

STEIGER  &  BOLAND, 

IRON    FOXJTSTX>EItS. 

IRON  CASTINGS  of  all  descriptions  at  short  notice. 
Notice. — Particular  attentfon  paid  to  the  making  of 
Superior  Shoes  and  Dies.  3v24-3m 

Miners'    Foundry   and    Machine   Works, 

CO-OPERATIVE, 

First  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom,  San  Fbancisco 

Machinery  and  Castings  of  all  kinds. 


COPARTNERSHIP  NOTICE. 


We  have  this  day  admitted  Mr.  William  R.  Eckart  as  a 
member  of  our  firm,  the  business  of  which  will  be 
hereafter  conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Prescott, 
Soheidel  &  Co.  PRESCOTT  &  SCHEIDEL. 

Marysville,  Jan.  8,  1872. 

MARYSVILlT  FOUNDRY, 

Referring  to  the  above,  we  respectfully  solicit  the 
patronage  which  has  for  the  past  twenty  years  been  en- 
joyed by  our  predecessors,  pledging  our  best  attention 
to  the  wants  of  all  who  may  so  favor  us. 

Quartz  and  Amalgamating;  Machinery, 
SAW  AND  GRIST  MILLS, 
STEAM  ENGINES, 

HYDRAULIC  MACHINES, 

HOUSE  FRONTS,  ETC. 
Repairs  upon  all  kinds  of  machinery  promptly  made 
and  at  moderate  charges.    Having  unrivalled  facilities, 
we  are  prepared  to  make  to  order,  at  short  notice,  every- 
thing required  in  our  line. 

Specimens  of  our  work  may  be  seen  in  all  the  mining 
regions  on  this  coast. 
6v24-3m  PRESCOTT,  SCHEIDEL  &  CO. 


H.    J.    BOOTH    &>    CO., 

UNION     IRON    WORKS, 

(The  Oldest  and  most  Extensive  Foundry  on 
the  Pacific  Coast) . 

Cor,    First    and.    Mission    Sts.» 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Marine,  Locomotive  and  Stationary  Engines 
Quartz  Crushing  and  Amalgamating  Ma- 
chines, Mill  Irons  and  Brass  and  Iron 
Castings,    of    every    description, 
made  to  order. 

Steamboat  Bepairing,  Boiler  Making,  Turn- 
ing and  Finishing, 

EXECUTED    WITH    DISPATCH. 
Beet  Sugar  Machinery  complete  in  every  part — made 
a  specialty. 

OIL    MACHINERY. 

A  complete  set  of  Machinery  of  our  own  design  and 
patent  for  extracting  oil  from  Castor  Bean,  dispensing 
with  Hair  Cloth.  AIbo  Machinery  for  Flax  Seed  Oil, 
Mustard  Seed  Oil,  and  Sun  Flower  Seed  Oil. 

MARBLE    MACHINERY 

Far  sawing  Marble  of  any  thickness  or  size. 

Irrigating'   Pomps.     Steam    Pumps. 
Plans,  Estimates,  and  Advice  promptly  supplied. 
H.  J.BOOTH.  GEO.W.PRESCOTT.  IRVING  M.SCOTT 
4v24-lyBlamr 


OSCAB.  LEWIS. 


s.  s.  MonitrjuL. 


CALIFORNIA  BRASS   FOUNDRY, 

No.  1S5  First  street,  opposite  Minna, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

all  Euros  ofBrass^omposltlon.Zinc,  and  Babbitt Meta 

Listings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, Sheathing 

J  ails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges.Sbip  and  Steamboat  Bells  and 

Kmgs  of  superior  tone.    All  kindsof  Cocks  and  Valves,  Hy 

Iraullc  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Couplings  and  Connec 

dons  of  all  sizes  and  patterns.fiirnished  with  dispatch 

*3-  PRICES  MODERATE.  -£* 

J.   H.  WEED*  V.  KIHGWELL. 


CITY    IRON    WORKS. 

28  Fremont  street SAN  FRANCISCO. 

ICETYVIS    «&    MOItltl t-.Xj, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of  Architectural 
and   Ornamental  Iron   Work, 

Laundry  Machtneht,  Steam  Engines,  Etc. 
Agricultural  Work  and  all  kinds  of  Blacksmithing 
and  Jobbing  done  with  promptness  and  at  reasonable 
prices.    Orders  from  the  country  promptly  executed. 


SCREW    BOLT    WORKS, 

PHELPS    BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

MANTJFACTDBEBS  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

Machine  Bolts,  Bridge   Bolts,  and  Ship  or 
Band  Bolts. 

13  and  15  Drumm  Street,  San  Francisco.  4v241y 


THOMPSON  BROTHERS, 

EUBEKA      FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  street,  between  Mission  and  Howard, 
San  Francisco. 

T.IG SIT  ASD  HEAVY  CASTINGS, 

of  every  description,  manufactured  24vl6qr 

FERRACUTE    MACHINE    WORKS, 

Bridg-eton,  If.  J. 

PRESSES,   DIES  and  all  FRUIT   CANNERS   TOOLS 
a  specialty. 

Improved  3-lb.  Can  Press  lor  $65;   Rotary  Solder 
Cutter,  $16,  etc.  18v24-13t 


Machinery. 


Varney's  Patent  Amalgamator. 

These  Machines  Stand  Unrivaled* 

For  rapidity  pulverizing  and  amalgamating  ores,  they 
have  no  equal.  No  effort  has  been,  or  will  be  spared, 
to  have  them  constructed  in  the  most  perfect  manner, 
and  of  the  great  number  now  in  operation,  not  one  has 
ever  required  repairs.  The  constant  and  increasing  de- 
mand for  them  is  sufficient  evidence  of  their  merits. 

They  are  constructed  bo  as  to  apply  steam  directly 
into  the  pulp,  or  with  Bteam  bottoms,  as  desired. 

This  Amalgamator  Operates  as  Follows  ■, 

The  pan  being  filled,  the  motion  of  the  muller  forces 
the  pulp  to  the  center,  where  it  is  drawn  down  through 
the  apperture  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces. — 
Thence  it  is  thrown  to  the  periphery  into  the  quicksilver. 
The  curved  plates  again  draw  it  to  the  center,  where  it 
passes  down,  and  to  the  circumference  as  before.  Thus 
it  is  constantly  passing  a  regular  flow  between  the  grind- 
ing surfaces  and  into  the  quicksilver,  until  the  ore  is 
reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder,  and  the  metal  amal- 
gamated. 

Setlers  made  on  the  same  principle  excel  all  others 
They  bring  the  pulp  so  constantly  and  perfectly  in  con- 
tact with  quicksilver,  that  the  particles  are  rapidly  and 
completely  absorbed. 

Mill-men  are  invited  to  examine  these  pans  and  setlers 
for  themselves,  at  the  office,  229  Fremont  Street, 

San  Francisco. 


The   Hesse  Grinder   and    Amalgamator. 

BEST     IN     TJSEI 

Especially  well  adapted  for  the  Reduction  of  Sul- 
p buret  Ores. 

LORD  &  PETERS,  Agents, 
301  Battery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
B^"  Send  for  Circular.  13v24-3m 


THEODORE   KAIXENBERG, 

MACHINIST, 

and  Maker  of  Models  for  Inventors.    All  kinds  of  Dies, 

Stamps  and  Punches  made.    Also,  all  kinds  of 

Small  Gears  Cut. 

Repairing  done  on  very  Reasonable  Terms  and  in  the 

best  manner.    No.  32  Fremont  street,  S.  F.       19v23-3m 


"WM.  M.  BETTS  &  BROTHER, 

CARRIAGE    SPRING   WORKS, 

218  Fremont  street,  bet.  Howard  and  FolBOm, 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 

LOCOMOTIVE,    CAR, 

And  all  kinds  of  Carriage  and  Wagon  Springs  made  to 

Order  and  Warranted. 

3v24-3m 


June  29,  1872. J 


SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


415 


MM 


MOLDING,    M0BTI8IHG, 

TENONING  AND  SHAPING 

JUrlllAKs, 
BAND    SAWS, 

SCROLL    SAWS, 

Planing  &  Matching 

MACHINE8,   ETC.. 
For  lUnjtOAD.  Qau,  and  Aori- 
BBWiia  Saopi,  Etc.,  Etc. 
*y~  Superior  to  any  In  UN 

FAY  &   CO., 

ClM'tlfNATT,  OPTO. 


POWER,    TAINTER  &  CO., 

MANCrACTtniEILB     OF 


WOOD-WORKING  LMACHINERY, 

SOU  Chatfirat  Htrwt  [Wast  end  Chestnut  street  Bridge) 

l'lULADaLPBU. 

«/-  U't.odwortb  Planers  a  Specialty.  2^S-ly 

P.  .1.  Poms.  .1.  W,  Hoffman. 

POTTER    &    HOFFMAN, 

Railway,  Engineer  and  Machinists' 
Supplies, 

19  and  21  South  Fourth  Street, 
PHILADELPHIA. 


Il:w.    a  largo  Btocfe  of  all  leading  articles  constantly 
on  band  at  lowest  market  rates. 


tkT  Send  (or  Priee  List. 


24v24-cow12t 


Hydraulic    Miners,     Attention ! 

H 
> 


If  you  wish  to  keep  up  with  the  times,  buy  a  LITTLE 
GIANT  or  a  DICTATOR.  These  are  fully  protected  by 
Letters  Patent,  and  infringe  on  no  others. 

Manufactured  of  any  size  to  suit.  Are  in  use  under 
all  pressures,  from  445  feet  down. 

WXLX  DISCHARGE  FTTLLY  TEN  PER 
CENT.  MORE  WATER  than  any  other,  under  the 
riuinc  circumstances. 

An  injunction  from  the  V.  S.  District  Court  Is  now  in 
force  against  HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  and  parties  using 
the  samo  will  be  duly  prosecuted. 

I  fully  guarantee  my  customers  against  all  damages 
for  alleged  infringement. 

Send  for  Particulars  and  Testimonials 

To  WILLIAMSON  k  CORY,  Morysville;  J.  H.  NASH.Pla- 
ccrville;  F.  SMITH,  at  Locke  k  Montague'B  (San  Fran- 
cisco Agents) ;  or  to 

R.  HOSKIN,  Dutch.  Plat,  Cal., 

Sole  Licensee  and  Manufacturer,   under  Allenwood's, 
Masey'B,  Rice's,  Craig's,  and  Hoskin's  Patents. 
16v24tf 


FISHERS 

KNUCKLE 
otoiistt 

■TO 

NOZZLE 

IB  THE 

Cheapest  and    Best 
Hydraulic  Machine 

In  use. 


HYDRAULIC     CHIEF. 


MA0HIKE8 

Manufactured 

TO  OKDER, 

to    throw    from 

One 

to  an 

eight- inch 

8TREA  M. 


The  only  reliable  party  in  the  Hydraulic  business  who  protects  his  patrons. 
9VJ3-tt  Address  F.  H.  FISHER,  Nevada,  Cal. 


HYDRAULIC  MINERS,  TAKE  NOTICE-  1  hereby  caution  Miners  and  Manufacturers  against  making,  buy- 
ing, selling  or  unlng  a  Hydraulic  Machine  or  Joint  known  as  tbe  Littlo  Giant,  manufactured  and  sold  by  R.  R.  k 
J,  Craig  and  Kiihurd  HobMb.  an  the  name  is  an  infringement  upon  tbe  Invention  of  the  machine  known  U  ISSU- 
ER'S HYDRAULIC  CHIEF,  secured  by  Letters  Patent,  ^Nu.  110,332,  dated  Dec.  20,  167U.  All  parties  participating 
in  such  iufriiigt/ini-ntri  will  be  rigorously  prosecuted.    Nevada,  Jan.  13th.  F.  H.  FISHER. 


SHEET     IRON     PIPE 


Risdon  Iron  and  Locomotive  Works 

Corner  Howard  and  Eeale  Streets, 

Are  prepared  to  make  SHEET  IRON  AND  ASPHALTUM 
PIPE,  of  any  size  and  for  any  pressure,  and  contract  to 
lay  the  same  where  wanted,  guaranteeing  a  perfect 
working  pipe  with  the  least  amount  of  material. 

Standard  sizes  of  railroad  Car  Wheels,  with  special 
patterns  for  Mining  Cars.  These  Bmall  wheels  are  made 
of  the  best  Car  Wheel  Iron,  properly  chilled,  and  can  be 
fitted  up  with  the  improved  axle  and  box— introduced  by 
this  company,  and  guaranteed  to  outlast  any  other 
wheels  made  in  this  State. 

v.j'  All  kinds  of  Machinery  made  and  repaired. 

24v22-3m  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Superintendent. 


QUICKSILVER. 


QUICKSILVER    FOR    SALE,    IN    LOTS    TO    SUIT. 


23vM-tf 


C.    J.    BKENHAM, 

217  Sansome  street,  3.  F. 


J.   M.   STOCKMAN, 

Manufacturer  of 
PATTERNS     AlVD     MODELS, 

(Over  W.  T.  Garratt*s  Brass  Foundry) , 

N.W.  corner  Natoma  and  Fremont  streets,  S.  F.    En 
trance  on  Natoma  street.  6v23-3m 


FERRIS    &    MILES, 

PATENT    IMPROVED 

STEAM      HAMMERS. 

Steel  Working  Hammers,  Forge  Hammers 
Shingling  Hammers,  Fast  Running  Ham- 
mers, Slow  Running  Hammers,  Tilt- 
ing Hammers.    Single  or  Double 
Frames.    Diagonal  or 
Pnmllel  Ram. 


Twenty-fourth  and  Wood  streets, 

PHILADELPHIA . 

^"  Send  for  Circulars.  13v21-3n 


THE       SELDEN       PUMP 


PATENTEE 
Aug:.  2,  1870. 
Dec.  20, 1870. 


Combines    Simplicity   and    Durability   to   a    Remarkable   Degree. 


Its  parts  are  easy  of  access,  and  it  is  adapted  to  all  purposes  for  which  Pumps  are  used- 
especially  Mining. 

Full  description  in  Scientific  Press  of  August,  1871. 
Catalogues  sent  on  application. 

A.    GARB, 

43  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 

Agent  Wanted  for  Pacific  Slope.  7v23-ly-eow 


CARS, 

LIGHT,     STRONG     AND     ELEGANT. 


Omnibuses     of     Every     Style. 


McAFEE,  SPIERS  &  CO., 

liOILEK,      MAKERS 

AND  GENERAL  MACHINISTS, 

Howard  at,  between  Fremont  and  Bealo,  Ban  Francisco; 


This  pioneer  firm,  who  are  now  sending  out  their  superior  work,  of  the  best  approved  modern  construction, 
to  various  quarters  of  the  globe,  would  call  tbe  especial  attention  of  Railroad  men  and  Builders  in  tbe  Pacific 
States  to  their  works,  No.  47  East  Twenty-seventh  Btreet,  New  York. 

25v23-eow-26t  JOHN    STEPHENSON    &    CO. 


NELSON    Sc  DOBLE, 


A0ENT8   FOR 


Thomas  Firth  &  Sons'  Cast  Steel. 


MANUFACTURERS    OP 

Sledges,  Hi:rnmer«,  Stone 

Cutter*',  Blacksmiths' 

and  Horie-Shoers' 

Tools. 


CALDAVELL'S 


Improved     Stop    Governor, 

Manufactured  at  the  CYCLOPS  MACHINE  WORKS, 113 
and  115  Beale  street,  San  Francisco. 
3v21-;im  WM.  CALDWELL. 


California  File  Maniif  'g  Co. 

Potrero,  Solano  street,  bet.  Tennessee  and  Minnesota 
streets,  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers  of  New  Files. 
Old  Files  re-cut  and  warranted  equal  to  new. 
BEAP£B  AND  MOWER  SECTIONS,  BARS 
AXD  KM  VHN  COMPLETE, 

at  a  saving  of  50  per  cent.    Orders  from  tbe  country 
promptly  attended  to.  9vl9-by 


Notice  is  hereby  given,  thai  the  copart- 

uership  heretofore  existing  between  A.  J.  Severance, 
Charles  W.  Randall  and  J.  Gus.  Burt,  under  the  firm 
name  of  "  Severance,  Holt  k  Co.,"  1b  this  day  dissolved 
by  mutual  consent.  A.  J.  Severance,  having  purchased 
all  the  interest  of  bis  late  partners,  will  continue  the 
business  of  manufacturing  and  selling  Diamond  Drills, 
as  before,  under  the  style  of  A.  J.  Severance  &  Co. 

Dated  San  Francisco,  Nov.  24, 1871. 

Office,  315  California  street.    A.  J.  SEVERANCE, 
EGHAS.  H.  BAND  ALL, 

22-v23-tf  [J.  GUS.  BUBT. 


MetaUurgy  and  Ores. 


RODG-ERS,  MEYER  &  CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

ADVANCES  MADE 

On  all  kinds  or  Ores,  and  pnrtlcalar  ntleratlos 
PAID  TO 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  GOODS. 

•vlft-Sm 


LOUIS  FALKENAU, 
STATE  ASSAYER, 

Analytical  and  Consulting  Chemist;- 

4S1  Montgomery  Si.  up  stulrs. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  Analysis  of  Ores* 
Minerals,  Metallurgical  ProdudtB,  Miliural  Waters, 
Soils,  Commercial  Articles,  Etc. 

One  or  two  pupils  can  receive  theoretical  and  practi- 
cal Instruction  in  Assaying,  Analysis,  or  any  particular 
branch  of  Chemistry  at  the  laboratory.  Uv'il-Uni 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  V.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer  and  Metallurg-ion* 
CHEMIST, 

No.    Cll    Commerclul    Street, 

(Opposite  the  U.S.  Branch  Mint, 

Ban  Fbancibco,  Cal.  7v2I-3Tqc 


J.  W.  THURMAN, 

(Successor  to  S.  W.  Howland  it  Co.,) 

ORE  CRUSHERS  AND  SAMPLERS, 

Noe.  413  and  415  Mission  Street, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

Particular  attention  paid  to  Orel  received  on  consignment 

ALLOBDEBB  EXECUTED  AT  THE  BH0BTE8T  NOTICE.  fiv24-6m 


CALIFORNIA   ASSAY   OFFICE 

No.    SIS    CA1.IFU1IM.L    STREET, 
One  Door  "West  of  Montgomery San  Francisco. 

J.   A.   MATtS,   Assayer. 

tff~  AnalyslB  of  Ores,  Mineral  Waters,  ete.       10v2C 


Richardson  &  Co.,  Copper  Ore  Wharves, 
SWANSEA. 

Richardson  &  Co.  have  been  for  thirty  years  established 
in  Swansea  as  Agentu  fnr  the  preparation.  Sampling,  Aes&y- 
iii,'.-,  and  Sale  of  Copper,  Silver,  Gold.  Lewi,  Zinc,  nnd  all 
other  Ores  and  Metals,  forwhich  they  have  extensive  Ware- 
houses and  Wharves  under  cover,  1,001)  feet  of  (jua.v  Front- 
age within  the  Floating  Dock,  and  the  most  complete  Ma- 
chinery and  Appliances.  They  are  also  prepared  to  make 
advances  against  Ores  in  anticipation  of  realization,  nnd  to 
guarantee  all  payments  when  re<mirod.  llv'24-ly 


G,  W.  8TBONG. 


W.  L. 8TBONQ 


G.   W.   STRONG   &   CO., 
Metallnrg-ical    Works, 

No.  10  Stevenson  Street,  near  First,  San  Fbanoisco  • 

We  purchase  Ores,  Bullion,  etc.  Ores  worked  and. 
Tests  made  with  care.  Also,  Assays  of  Gold,  Silver,. 
Copper,  Lead,  Tin  and  other  Metals.  23v22tt 

PLATINUM 

Vessels,  Apparatus,  Sheet,  Wire,  Ptc,  Eto- 

For  all  Laboratory  and  Manufacturing  Purposes 
H.  M  RATNOR, 
25  Bond  street,  New  York. 
Platinum  Scrap  and  Ore  purchased.  -IlvlS 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  OP  AND  DEALERS  IN 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS, 
Chemical  Apparatus  and  Chemicals, 

Druggists'  Glassware  and  Sundries, 

PHOTOGRAPHIC   GOODS,   ETC., 
512  >nd  514  Washington  street,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

"We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Aseoyers, 
CbemiBts,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies. 
Prospectors,  etc.,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

ASSAYERS'    MATERIALS 


Chemical  Apparatus, 

HavlDg  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

WE  ENUMERATE  IN  PART: 

Assay  Balances — L.  Oertlings,  London. 

ABsay  Balances—Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Chemical  Balances — Becker  &  Sons,  Antwerp. 

Ore  or  Pulp  Balances— Becker  k  Sohb,  Antwerp. 

Assay  "Weights— Grains  and  Grammes. 

Bullion  Balances  and  Weights. 

Humid  AsBay  Apparatus. 

Iron  Furnaces— Improved,  Lined  with  Fire  Brick  for 
Cupelling  and  Melting. 

Tongs,  Muffles,  Cupel  Moulds,  Assay  Moulds,  Pcorifi- 
ers,  RoaBting  Dishes,  Annealing  CupB,  French  Clay, 
AeBay  Crucibles,  Hessian  'or  Sand)  Crucibles. 

Dixon's  Celebrated  Black  Lead  Crucibles  aud  CoverB— 
all  sizeB. 

Assayers'  and  Chemical  Glassware  and  Assayers'  Hard- 
ware-a  full  assortment. 

Steel  Stamps  for  bai  s  cut  to  order. 

ACIDS   AND    CHEMICALS. 

Acid  in  carboys  and  bottles,  commercially  and  chemi 
cally  pure. 

Bi  Garb.  Soda,  Borax,  Bone  Ashes,  Litharge. 

Assay  Lead  in  bars,  rolled  and  granulated. 

Black  Oiide  Manganese,  Sodium  and  Sodium  Amalgam, 
Sulphate  of  Copper,  Quicksilver,  and  all  Chemicals 

and  Reagents  required  by  Assayers  and  Milling  Co.'s. 
f£&~  Our  Oold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value* 

per  ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  val- 
uable tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  Grains  and 

Grammes,  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
24v2S-tf  JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO. 


416 


SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  29,  1872. 


INDEX 

-TO- 

VOLUME    XXIV 


FROM  JANUARY  TO  JULY,  1872. 


Ablertine 103 

Abrasion,  Lois  By i3 

Academy  01  Sciences,!/,    81 

115,  220,  3fi0.  384,  392 
African  Diamond  Fields,  163 

268 
Atjasafz'  Expedition. .... 
Agricul  nral    Chemistry.    99 
AgrlculturalEJucation..  188 
Agriculture  or'  Great  Ba- 
sin   179 

Agriculture  of  Mormons.  151 

*Alr  Compressor 

Alaska  Mines 

Alaska,  Society  in 

Alarm  Clock 119 

Alcohol, 215,227.263,  407 

Alder  Gulch  Mines 322 

Alkali  Soils ..  2tH 

Alloys 10.  I" 

Altitudes,  Table  of 24 

Aluminum  in  Metals....      3 
Amalgamation,  Paul's 

Process 17.  31,  163, 

American  Wonders 182 

Ammonia 183 

Animal  Food 58 

Animal  Power..... 216 

Antipathies 215 

Aquarium,  A. Mammoth.  32i 

Architecture 4t 

Arctic  Expedition. ...137,  27; 

Arizona  Affairs 185,  33- 

Arizona  Mines 233 

Arms  Exposed.: 183 

Arsenic  in  Carpets 346 

Artesian  tfell-SeeWelU 

Asbestos  Packing' 99,  120 

Ashesot  Coal  

Assaying  in  East  IuUia. 

Asteroids 355 

Astronomical  Problem...  U, 
Astronomical     observa- 
tions  227.  213,  355,  371 

Auroras 

Australian   News 

A va  "Watts'   District 354 

Axle-Boxes 16* 

•Badgers 182 

Baldness.  Remedy  for...  199 

Banner  District 146 

•Bearings,  Glass 243,  265 

Bearings,  Metal 106,  in- 

•Bed    Springs,    Self-fast- 
ening  

Beds  10,  250,  266 

*Bee  Hive.  Petersen's...  27." 

Beet  Leaves 13 

Beet   Sugar   Machinery,  113 
385 

Belcher  Mine 92,  3 

Belts  and  Pulleys 1 

Beverages 251),  359,  4 

Biliousness 

.  lids I8d,211,  4 

Blacking 1 

•Black  LM.  of  Montana.  1 
Biack  Diamond  Mines...  : 

Blasting ■  25.  S 

Blood,  to  Purify ? 

Boiler  Explosions...  211,  3 

Boiler  flues 1 

B  >ilerInciU3tation.  6.  307  3 

Boiler,  Koo.'s 4 

Boilers,  Pressure  In.. 323,  3 
Boilers,  Salt  Water  in.... 
Boilers,  Steel  lor  Loco- 
motives  

Bones,  Fracture  of 1 

BookNotices. .60,  103.124.  1 

2  0.  216,  278,  297,  373 
•Bozeman  City,  M.T.,  169,  1 

Brain 831,  2 

Brandy 41,  163,198,  £ 

BreaJ....17U,  202,218,866,  2 
37S.  394 

Breath,  Offensive 119,  3 

Bridge  Building.. llo, 226.  i 

342 
Bridges  1900 years  ago....  1 

Bruise  and  Sprains 3 

•Buckle,  Improved  Tug. .  1 

Buildings,  Faults  in 3 

Building,  Foye  System..  S 
Building,  Hints  about,  51,  2 

362 
Bullion    Product  of  Ne- 
vada  1U5, 130,  233,  3 

Bu  lion,   Weighing 3 

•Bung,  Rickey's  Patent.. 

•Burleigh  Drill 3 

Butter 154,200,202,  3 

Cadmium  and  Iron. ..147,  1 

Cicsiuui 4 

Calaveras  County  Mines,  ] 

232 

Cunphor,  Use  of 

•Canal  Boat  Propulsion,  J 

227,  247,  305,  307 

Canal,  Tchuantepec 1 

•Can  Opener 'i 

Carbon,   Products    irom 

Oxidation  of 

CarboliCAcid,151,23i,263,  3 

•Car  Brake 

•Car  Coupling 2 

Catarrh 2 

Cederburg  Mine 3 

Cellars 26,215,  3 

Centennial  Anniversary,  2 

361 

Charcoal 

Chemical  Wonders,  102,  2 

279 
Chemistry,    Progress  in, 

227 

Ohiccory  Factory. 1 

Chloral 135 

•Ohlorlnation  Process...    97 

Choking 391 

City,  a  Deserted 

Cleanliness 

Climatology 

Clocks liif. 

Clothing 199,263,298. 

Uual  Cutting  Machine.. 

Coal  Fires. 

Goal,  Origiu  of 

Goal  Mines  io  Cal  ...250, 
Coal,  Waste  of  ...355,  371, 
Coffee. ...12J,  178,  204,  343, 

Colors 259 

Colorado  itiver Mines....  130 

•Comet 178 

Compass.  Compensating  211 

Com^tock  Mines Iu5, 

Comstook  Mills 

"Concentrator,  Hendy's. 
Concentrator,  Wren's. .. 

Condor  Mine 

•Cones  of  California  ... 

Consumption 311, 

Contributions  to  Cabinet 
Cooking,  42,  233,  268,  33U, 

Ooose  Bay  Mines 

Copper,  Hunt  A  D  >ugiai 

Process. ...1;8,  134,  150, 

Copper  irom  Silver 

Copper  in  England 

Copper  Utensils 

Copying  Press 

Corporate  Mines 

Cotton  Gins 

Crop  Reports 

Crown  Point  Mine.  ..3U6, 
Crucibles 


PAGE. 

Cundurango 135,  215 

Currents  of  the  Ocean..  403 

I> 
•Dairying  In    California    22 

D-ikota  Mines 194,  232 

Damper,  Economy  of. ...  90 
Dampness,  Prevention  of    10 

Dandruff 135,  343 

Darkoena  and  Light 199 

Death,  Real  and  Appar- 
ent  10 1,  190,  371 

Diamonds....  153,  179,268,  311 

Diamond  District 165 

Disease,  Germs  01...  .295,  407 
Disappointment,  An  Un- 
expected  385 

Ditch  Property.  ..145,  209.  262 
Domestic  ticonoiny— 10th 

Page  Weekly. 
Domestic  Receipts.. ..138,  298 
31-1,  346,   362,  391,  and  10th 
Page  Weekly. 
•Door  Spring,  Norton's..  342 

•Drill.The  BurleUh 393 

Drill,  Diamond. .,248,  273,  361 

Drowning  Persons 103 

Dust 7,    19 

Dyspepsia 231 

Hi 

Earthquakei.200,  216,217,  225 

262,  263,  321. 
Earthquakes  Undergr'nd  297 
Eating  Without  Appetite    23 
•Eberhardt   and  Aurora 

Mine 313,  358 

Eclipse  of  Sun 195 

Rducat  on  and  Health...  327 

Educaiiou  of  Miners 193 

Engs 68,  267,  314 

•Egg  Beater 33 J 

El  Dorado  Co  M's..82,  248,  289 
Electrical  Improvements    55 
83,136,231,241,355,403. 

Electric  Light 355 

Electricity,  Eff'ts  on  Milk  387 
Electricily  from  Motion.  327 
Electricity,  Surfaee......  291 

Electro-Plating 71 

Klectrotypers  of  Iron....    35 

•Elephant  Hunting 38 

•Elevator,  Btebbiu's  Hy- 
draulic   113 

Emma  Mine 178 

Emerald  Mines 358 

Engine,  A  Domestic 3 

Eng's.Effcc.ive  Power  of  .179 

Eug's,  High  Speed  of 227 

Engines,  luiprovem'ts  in  371 
Engines,  Lubrication  of.  211 

Epidemics  Cost  of 34 

Kttiquette  at  Table 292 

Eureka  Cons.  Mine 198 

Eureka  District.  Nev 50 

Eureka  Mi.l 262 

•Evaporation,  Low  Heat  385 
Explorers',  Miners'    and 
Metallurgists'  Compan- 
ion  60,  124 

Explosions 70,  403 

Eyes 131,  343 

Fairof  1873 2 

Fair,  State....*. 369 

Fair  at  Vienna 374 

Fatin  Yeast 332 

Fat  People 263 

Farmers'  Healtli 295 

Feet,  Care  of 183 

Fencing  178 

Fermentation 216 

Files,  Resuarpening 375 

Filters 


Fire 


.  346 


Fire  and  Heat 

Fire  Extinguisher 57,  262 

Fireproof  Couipusit  on. .  2il 

•Fisn.Flving 385 

Fiaiues,  Vibration  of....  3U 

Flatulency 151 

Flint  Glass ; 371 

Floods,  Succession  of 34 

Flowers,  How  to  Collect 

Odors  of 410 

Flowers  as  D.sinfecianta    99 
Flute,  to  Take  Care  of...  467 

Folding  Linen 122 

Food 74,  202,  )75 

Foundries— aee  Home  In- 
dustries. 
Fouudry  in  Alvarado. ...  116 
Foye  System  of  Building  345 

Frear  Stone 329 

•Freak  of  Nature.... 342,  375 

Freezing _34,  227,  217 

Frjiug,  Philosophy  of..  106 

Fuel,  Straw  for 13i 

Fuel,  Pulverized 35 

•Furnace,  Crosby's 225 

Furnace,     Dank'B,     193,  275 
337, 

Furnace,  Ponsard'o lis 

Furnace  Fuel 243 

Furuaces  in  England —  3u 
Furnaces  in  Piitsburgh  294 

Furniture,  to  Clean 199 

G 

Galvanic     Batteries 252 

Gas,  Air  in 131 

Gas,  Experiments  Wiih  115 
183. 

Gas  Manufacture 875,  343 

GasPipes 343 

GasPokeri 147 

Gas,  Waste  of 135 

Gcises.  Permanent 83 

•Gea  rings,       Blatchley'a 

Adjustable 377 

Geaiings.Bdtiw.  Cogs....    83 
Geological  Work  on  Pa- 
cific Coast....- 342 

Geoogical   Museum.. 72,  2li2 
Geological  Progress,  259,  323 

354. 
Geological  Survey    8, 21,    40 
92,145,  177,193,  219,307,  406 
Giant    Powder,   136.  137,  156 
184. 

•Glass  Bearlng3 243,  265 

•Glass  Cufer 281 

Glass  tor  Building 147 

Glass-lined  Pipe 307 

Gla-s  Muking  204 

Glass,  Soluble 31 1 

Glass Tuues,  Bending....  403 

ulue,  Fai'ts  Aboui 2iM 

Glue,   Waterproof 231 

Eiycerlne  as  Food 55 

Glycerine  Lymph 71 

Gold,  Absorption  ot  Sul- 
phur by 1 

Gola  Discovery  In  Cali- 
fornia   289 

Gold   Fields,    New,    119,  194 
357 

Gold,  Impurities  in 186 

Gold  in  Different  Locali- 
ties  3,  241,265,278,406 

Gold  Sands 241,.  26i> 

Gold  and  Silver.  ..54,  274,  375 
Golden  Chariot  Mine....  153 


Gold  A  Curry  Mine. 
Governor,  Heudy's 


.  216 


UfUVCI  ilUL  .     11UUUJ    S,..p.  S 

Granite  Works  of  Anci- 
ents  371 

Gra  pes,  Best  Varieties  of,    28 

Grinding  Substances 99 

Grindstones,  To  use 170 

"Grizzly  Bears 150 

Guano 135,  18* 


PACE. 

Gun  Barrels 291 

HailStones 210 

Hair,  Transplanting 2)9 

Hair  Restore«....83, 199,  34? 
Hale  A  Norcross  Mine...  200 

Hardware  Dealers 329 

Hardware  lor  Builders..  131 

Headache 407 

Heart  Disease 55,71,  3 

Hcui, Experiments  about 

247,  323.  327 

Hcat»nd  Light 387 

Heat,  Origin  of 9y 

Hides,  Preparaiijn  of....  151 
Hints  to  Mtnuiacturers..  214 
Hints  10  Miners— See  Miner- 
Hints  to    Housekeepers,  186 

20*.  218,  234,  25U,  863,  298, 

33 ',  362,  378 
•Hod-Carrier,  Knapp's...  377 

•Hoisting  Works 17 

Hollow  Measure  in  U.  S.,    5t 

•tloly  Spirit  Flower 

Home  Industries,  25,  l'J4, 

153,  217.  264,  346.  409. 
•Horse  Power.Pehoifs..  177 

Hot  Blast 32: 

Houses.  Comfortable,  74,  lUb 
Humboldt  Co.  Mines,  98,  114 

386 

Hunger 327 

Hybrid   Animals 2 

•Bydrant,  Brown's 32a 

•Hydraulic  Joints... .353,  357 

•Hydraulic  Ram 36f 

Hydrophobla.Cureof....  24; 
Hygrometer 291 

Ice,  Melting  of 163 

Idaho  Miners 230 

•Illinois  University 278 

Incubation 295 

India  Rubber 135,  231 

inebriation  (Jure  fur,...,  24" 

Infant's  Diseases 31 

Insanity ..2*9,  375 

Insects 6.21,315,  263 

Inst,  of  Mining  Eng'rs. ..  S7< 

Inventors,  Aid  to 1 

Invention  Wanted. ...268,  385 

Inyo  Co.  Mines 82,  210 

Iron,  Combustibility  of. 
Iron.  Coloring.. .179,  243,  259 
Inn  and  Cadmium. ..147.  243 
Iron,  Crystallization  of..  355 
Iron.DetermlningQuality 

of 403 

Iron  Foris 259 

Iron  Interest.. 51, 129,  182.  248 
Iron  Making  in  England.  291 
Iron,  Melted  and  Solid...  195 

Iron  Paper 178 

Iron,  Petroleum  Fuel  for  227 

iron  Fails 179,211  227 

IronRolhug 83,  306 

Iron  Ships...  .130.  131, 15u,  274 

275,  307. 
Iron  and  Steel  51,  311, 259,  275 

326,371,402,403. 
Iron  and  Steel,  Burnt. 67,  323 

Iron,  Sul.  k  Phos,  in 

Iron  Ties 

Iron  Wire 163 

Iron  Workers,  Ancient. .. 
Ivory  

Jackson  Mine 

JapaneseAdvancemcnt..  385 

Japanese  Carpenters 385 

It 
Kitchen,  A  Haudy...282,  378 

Kitchen  Girls 362 

Kitchens  in  Germany —  138 

Knot  Tying  Machine II 

Ij 

Laboratory,  An  Int 370 

Lager  Beer,  Origin  of 32r 

"Lamp,  Brown's  Mining.    49 

LampChlinneys 186,  232 

•LainpChlnincy  Protec'r  233 

Lamp,  Improved 3 

Lamp  in  Sick  Rooms 103 

LandMatters.124,  188,220  25" 

253,  305. 
Laws— See  Mining  Laws, 
Patents,  etc. 

Lead 194,  371 

Leai  her,  Artificial 87,  371 

Leather,  Glycerine  Com- 
position for 55 

Leather    Market.  5th  or 
12th  Page  Weekly. 

Lemons 166,  359 

Letter  Writing 

Levee  Construction 152 

Leyden  Jar 

Life,  Force  of,    35,    279,  311 
359. 

Life.  Periods  of 199,215 

Light  From  Motion 327 

Lightning  Ball 35-' 

•Lghtning  Rod,  Capitol  64 
Limbs,  Sensation  of  Ab- 


FAQE. 

254,    274.    284,   297,    S13,  325 

341,  361,  373,  393 
Mining  Commissioners 

Report 129,361,  370 

Mining,  Dangers  of 273 

Mmlng,  Depres  Ion  of...  1SJ 
Mining,  Dividends  in  71,  56 
Mining  Dscovones,  13«,  161 

194,  vae,  252,  264,  297,  J41,  357 

396 
Mining  in  Eastern  States,  136 
Mining  in  Gravel,  114, 134,  348 
Mining    Invention)],     86,  246 

248,340 
Mining  as  an  Investment,  162 

274,  .  03. 328,  344 
Mining  Law  Ainend't,  38,    73 
Mining  Laws,  124,136,145.  177 

188, 198,  200,  209,  226,  257,  262 

305,  316.  370 

Mining  Law  of  1872 316 

Miniii'i  Prospects  22,  44,    57 

52 
Mining  Review  for  '71, 65,    67 

•Mining  in  Rivers 134 

Mining  Sales,  25.  56,  69,  137 

201,  216.  229,  252,  268, 281,  306 

313,  325,  341,  361.  280,  396 
Mining   Sale,    Unconsti- 
tutional   226 

Mining  Stocks  In  1871....  73 
MlningStocks,81, 265,273,  296 
Mining  Stock  Market.     See 

51b  page  weekly. 

Mining  Sujt 360 

Mining  Summary.  See  4th 
Mint  Bid 401 

and  6th  pages  weekly, 

Mohair:  ItsValue 406 

Montana  Geysers,  214,246,  264 

310 
Montana  Mlnea.34,  50,82,  165 

176,  322 
Montan  1,  Resources  of,     2 

169,185,214,246,310 

Morse,  Death  of 216,  232 

•Mowing  Machine,    Kir- 

by's 281 

3Y 

Nalls,  Wooden 211 

Narrow  GaugeRailroads,  376 

Nature.  Action  of 259,  307 

Nerve  Sections 131 

Nevada   County    Mines,  178 

209,  281 
Nevada  Mines,   306,   313,  406 

New  Mexico  Mines 348 

•Niagara  Falls 105 

Nickel  Mines 406 

Notes  ol  Travel,  162,  178,  210 

226,  242, 322 
Notices    to    Correspond- 
ents, 56,  72,  83,  104,  135,  248 

369 

O 

Obituaries 197,  297,  371 

Oil, Deodorizing  Kerosene    51 

Ores  to  Europe..- 41.  49 

Ore  Sampled.. 76,  16?,  236,  284 

Ores  of  Utah 194 

Oregon 200,  241,  290 

Oxalic  Acid  and  Plauts. .    67 
JE* 

Painting  Houses 247 

Faint,  Mineral 361 

♦Palm,  oriental  Fan 198 

Paper  Making...  ,218,  343,  387 

Farraflne 167 

Patents 3i2,  361 

Patent  Decisions.  .273, 321  380 


409. 


.  124 


Lime 103.  290 

Lint 

•Locks  and  Bolt  Fasten- 
ing Attachment  for...  153 

Lubricators 259 

Lungs,  cariosity  in 167 

Lung    Diseases,   199,  279,  275 

3MC 
Machinery  for  Colorado  21' 

Magnetization 2* 

Mammoth  Mining  Co....  370 
•M  ms  Place  in  Nature..  121 
ManuUcturesindl.,118,  230 

Marble  Cutting ™" 

Marble.    Vitrined 

Matches 215 

M.ittress  Making 199 

Meats,  Preserved 

Mechanic,  Arts,  College, 

Lectures 

Mechanics'  Institute,  156, 
Mechanical    and    Engi- 
neering Piogress,    19,  115 
275. 

Mechanical  Genius 200 

Mechunical  Hints.  10,  26,  42 
68,  90,  106,  122,  154,  170,  186 
199,  231,  24i.  391,  394. 
Meetings  and  Elections,  44 
220.  236.  3-9,  309,  325,  348,  380 
396.  412  and  See  Mining 
Stocks, 
Mercury— Sec  Quicksil- 
ver. 

Metals,  Coloring 343 

Metal  Market— ;<ec  5;h  or 

12th  Page  Weekly. 
Metallic  Bearings.... 106,  195 

Meteor 115,  200 

Meteorites,   19,    179,   227,  243 

Meterological  Reports,  9,  12 

24,  28,  44.  60,  76,  92,    lt-3,  103 

115,  124.  156, 172. 188,  2J4,  236 

251,  268,264  300 

•Microscope  .Wondersof,    18 

3,217,263.294,371. 
Microscopical  Society....  257 

321,  339 
Mini,  the  Brunswick —    70 
Mills  on  Coms-toctt  Vein.  386 

Mdlat  Eureka 262 

Mills  at  Nevada 386,  359 

Mill,  Raymond  A  Ely....   118 

•Mill,  Stile's  Quirta 201 

•Mill,  Travis  A  Wagner's.  121 
•Mill.Whelpley  &  Storere  321 
Milling   Management....  386 

Milk..   23,  103 

■lines  in  London  MarKct,  146 

Mine  of  fotosf 124 

Mines.  Deep 354 

Mineral,  a  Wonderful...  323 

MiueralColton... 3 

Mineralogy,  Determina- 
tive   408 

Mineral  Veins,  146, 162,  274,  30R 

Miner,  a  Lucky ,,..  114 

Miners' Association 369 

Miners,  Earnest  Talk  to,    72 

89,  120 
•Miners,  Hints  to,  1,25,  40,    56 

72 
Miners,  Trouble  Among.  230 
Mining  Accidents,  8,  28,    44 
60,    76,  89,  137,  168,  200,  236 


Patents,  English.. 

latent  Lunacy in 

Patent  Infringements 249 

Peace  River  Mines 268 

Pears  ol  Caliloruia 246 

•Pencil  Sharpener., 249 

Pendulum  Experiments..     3 

Perfumes 42, 151,  181 

Petroleum. ...88,  119,  227,  390 
Phosphate,  sul.  Acid  in.    19 

Phosphor  Bronze 115,291 

Phosphorescence 172,  211 

Phosphorous.Aniidote  for  247 
Photographic  Invention..  275 
Phyoical  Development...  183 

Pianos 259,  375 

Piciures 266 

•Pigeons  of  California...  294 

♦Pipes 307,232,  243 

Pittsburgh  258 

Placer  Co. Mines.. 82,  226,  242 

Plating  with  Nickel 179 

Plow,  McOall'sTule 377 

Plow,  Hyde'sStcain. 278 

Plowing 161 

Plumas  Co.  Mines 18,  309 

Plumagery 327 

Pneumatic  Dispatch,  In* 

ventor  of 201 

Poisons 183,  231,  263,  311 

Polishing  jiub-tances ,  106 

Porcelain  Wash  Tubs....  330 

Potassium 19 

Potatoes 90,250,  295,  346 

Powder,  Miners'  Safety.  192 

Power  of  Animals 246 

•Power,  Transmission  of  179 

161,246. 
•PnntingPress.TreGlobe    73 
Products  of  Pacific  Coast  326 

Propellor.Turbine 3.3 

•Propellor,  McDonnell's.  305 
Prospecting.NewMethod 

Of 248,273,  361 

Puddling.  Mechanical  .3,  35 
•Pulverizer,  Whelplcy  A 

Storer's 41,  321 

"Pump,  Knowles'  Steam.  41 
•Pump,  Seidell's 129 

Q 

Quartz  in  Grauite 41 

Quurrying.Pfienomenain  195 
Quicksilver,     Cause     of 

High  Price 280 

Quicksilver  Mines. ...130,  2  9 

280,  297.  402. 
*Quicltsilver,Lossof..I6S.  233 
Quicksilver  Product. .137,  312 
Quicksilver,  Vapor  ot. 113,  161 

Quinine  Biscuits 103 

It 

Rails,  Iron 179,  211,  227 

Ralls,  Steel 163,  2M,  323 

ttailroad  Bridges 226 

Railroad  Gauge 115,  371 

Railroad  Grades 136,  344 

R-illroad  Items 23 

Railroad  Progress.280,323,  402 
Railroad  Tie,  Boone's...  257 
R.  R.  Wksat  Sacramento    86 

Railroads  in  Russia 28i 

Rain  and  Forests 135,243 

Rainfall. ...9,  12,108,  140,  156 

169,  204. 

Ramie 98,  134 

Rats,  loTiap 154,189,  282 

Raymond  A  Ely  Mine. ...    56 

Heading  in  Cars 279 

Reducing  Agent 211 

Rosins 247 

Rheumaiism 295 

Rivers,  Utilizing i79 

Ro-id  Steamers 211,  40.S 

Rosthormte «7I 

Russia  Irons 307 

ft* 

Sacramento  Basin 137 

Salivation 7 

Salt  In  California 314 

Sand  Blust 83,  1.9 

SaiiBernardinoMount'n,  406 
San  Bernardino  Silver  .  97 
San  Diego  Mines,  82,  146,  231 

206 
San  Francisco,    Growth 

of 211,  230 

SoshWelehts..... 122 

Savage  Mine j02 

Saws  In  California 236 

Saw, Diamond  Toothed..  179 

•Saw  Gauge 161 

Saws,  Piling 407 

•Saw  Mill,  Huntington's,  14^ 

Scarlet  Fever 167 

Sdiell  Creek  Mines,  306,  322 

402 

SchoolLands 258 

Science  and  Religion....  291 
Science  and  Progress,  65,    98 

99,  227,  259 


PAGE. 
•Screw  driver,  to  Sharp- 
en   375 

Screws,  Use  of In 

Sea  Sickness 391 

Seasons,  Succession  of...  18 
"Self  Feeding  Battery...  *U1 
•Separator,  Freeman's..  17 
Sewage.  83,  214,  232,  307,  32( 

sewing  Machines 162,  2*9 

Shafts,  Sinking... 248.  273,  361 

Shaiting zll 

Shaving 167.  375 

"Shelf     and      Hanging 

Bracket 

Ships,  Old 202 

Shoes 71,  199,  247 

•Shoe  Fastening 89 

Sierra  County  Mines.  .9/,  248 
Signal  Service..  ..9,152,  241 

•Signal  Service  Map 81 

Slib,  Gloss  on 

Silver,  Cleaning 13! 

Silver  in  Red  River  Co..  40( 

Silver  Excitement I3t 

Sinking  ot  Boaies 22 

Sklu  Grafting lti," 

Slags 291 

Sleep. ...215,  231,282,  295,  327 
Small-pox. ...87,  16t,  343,  375 
Smelting  in  Pittsburgh. .  2U4 
Smelting,  Vapjrs  from..  227 
Smoke  Stack,  Curved...  195 

Snoring, 215 

Snow  Blockades 73 

Sjap 71,  2u2,  263 

Sodium  for  Blasting. 

Soils 201,  225 

Sorrow 247 

Sound, Transmission  of..  263 
Spectroscope,     Achieve- 
ments of,  67,167, 227,  243, 
275 
Spectroscope,  Substitute 

for.  51 

Spectrum  of  Fireliy 21i 

Spectrum  ot  Hydrogen..  371 
Spectrum  of  Zodiacal 

Light 27b 

Spiritualism 279 

Sponges 6 

Spontaneous  Combustion  295 

Spring   Diseases 263 

Springs,  Tempering 19b 

Stammering,  to  Cure 321 

Star,   AWaning 371 

Stars    Meusni  ing    Lin  hi 

ot 371 

Staict) 130 

Stesm  Power,  Reducing.  403 
ateelandIron,5i,  zll.259,  i75 

326,  371. 
Stpel,  Properties  of.  .259,  291 

Stock  Board 33 

(and  see  Mining  Stock.) 

Stock  Grazing 166 

Storins. 115 

Strong  Family 135 

Sugar,  Beet 4 

Sugar  Solutions 147 

Sulphide  of  Bismuth 163 

Sulphme  of  Sodium 291 

"Sulphur,  Extraction  of.  345 

Sulphurous  Euuies 403 

t-un.  Action  in... .99,  2>1,  243 

Sun's  Eclipse 195 

Sunshine 131,  32? 

Sun  Stroke 295,  31 

Sun,  Temperature  of  163.  22' 

•Sutter's  Mill Wi9 

•Sutt  o  Tunnel 25,  39U 

•Switch,  The  Peg. 
T 

•Table  Mountai 184 

Table,  The  Family 410 

Tailings 201,  39U 

•Tanite  Wheels 193 

Tannery,  Discovery  in...      6 

Taxation,  Increase  of 184 

Tea 183,234,  370 

Terra  Cotta 

Testing  Machine..  . 

Thermometer,  to  Use 55 

Throat  Diseases,  23,  183,   198 
215.279.311 

Ties.Iron 251 

"Ties,  Composition 25' 

Teeth,  39.55.87,   103,   151,  16', 
215,  295,  327,  375. 

Telegraph 117,  167 

"Tele graphing,  New 

Method 241,  403 

'     ...  130 


...  99 
.6,  lfe 
28,  314 


Temp.  Underground. 
Timoer.  DuraDility  of. 

Tinners'  Waste 

Tobacco  Culture 

Torpedoes,  Railroad.. 

Trade  Marks 

Transit  in  Cities 

"Trets 

Tule  Laud  Levees 
Tungsten  Colors. 

Tunnels 

Tuolumne  Co.  Mines. 184,  1«4 
Tuolumne  Cj.  Reunion,.  39a 

TurbinePropellor 321 

XJ 
United  Slates  Gov........  25; 

Useful  and  Beautiful 29, 

Utah  Mines. . .  .2.  146, 194,  24 

265,  290,  313,  322. 
Utah  Mining  Bureau. 193,  360 
V 

Vaccination 

•Valve,  Brown's 209 

Varnish 147,847,263,311 

Veal,  Melton 

•Vegetable  Cutter 

Veneers 131,  391 

Venus,  The  Planet. . .  .227,  843 

Vinegar  from  Fruit. 25U 

Vi5lon,Phenomenaof.275,  403 
Volcano  in  Miniature —  115 
Volcano  of  Vesuvius. .  .28,  .373 

Volcanic  Specimens 193 

W 

Wages  in  Europe 390 

Washing  Cloihes 218,  362 

Wastage  ot  Precious  Met- 
als  102,  120,140,182,  322 

Watches 135,  199 

Water 391 

•Water  Elevator,  Ball's..  273 
Water-proof  Boots. 
Water-proof  Glue. 

Water  Rights 145,209,  26;! 

•Water  Wheel,  Hunger- 

fonl's 337 

•Wells,  Artesian..  ..64,70,  294 
•  296. 

Wheels,  Velocity  of 2' 

"VV'ieeler  Expedition 54 

Whrelbarrows,  Iron 138 

Whclnley,  J.  D.,  Death  of  370 

Whiiiles,  Steam 38j 

White  Pine  Mines...  .306,  322 

Wine 154.  198,  230,  28, 

W'nnemueca  Mine 130 

"Wire  Ropeway,    Halli- 

die's 65,  211 

Wives.  Influence  of 231 

Woods 26,26.1,  823 

WoodCarving 147 

Wood,  Fireproof 147 

•Woodpeckers' Work 102 

Wool,  7,  38,  198,  213,  295,  326 

Worcestershire  Sauce...  282 
•Wrench,  Patent  Crab. . 

Yellow  Jacket  Fire 

YeHowstoneCountry,214,  246 

264.  310 
Yai>a  County,  Travel  in,  162 

178 
YubaGravelMinlngCo..  370 


Zinc  for  Coating  Iron.. 
Zinc  for  Gaivauic  Iron . 
•—Illustrated. 


.  311 


List  of  Patents. 

Air  Exhausting  Appara- 
tus for  Preserve  cans. 
D.N.Phelps 156,  233 

Alcoholic  Spirits,  Manu- 
facture, I.  J.  Rolfo  & 
J.  Rogers 


PAGE. 

Amalgamator,  E.  J.  Fra- 
zer 297 

Amalgamator,  G .  C . 
Lantry 233 

Animal  Trap,  J.  Bowman  233 

Animal  Trap,  J.  W.  Fish- 
back 233 

Apparatus  for  Ageing 
Wines,  A.  Luquet  & 
P.  Huerne 348 

Apparatus  for  Obtaining 
Mercury  from  Ore,  a. 
Johnston 249 

Apparatus  for  Lighting 
mas  by  Electricity,  J. 
Vansant 233,  380 

Apparatus  and  Process  lor 
Malting  Sulphate  o  f 
Lead,  if.  A.  Whiting...  249 

Artificial  Stone,  U.  L. 
Eagan 249 

Artificial  Teeth,  C.  H. 
Mack 333 

Attachment  for  Whipple- 
trees,  J.  T.  Williams 405 

Uagaielle  Game,  Win. 
Evers 57 

Baling  Press,  F.  Hunting- 
ton &  J.  F.  Carter 325 

"Bee  Hive,  P.  O.  Peier- 
sen 273,  348 

Bedstead  Fastening,  Sen- 
eca Jones_. 409 

Blocks  lor  Wood  Pave- 
ment, H.M.  Stow 249 

•Bolt  Fastening  Attarh- 
ment  for  Locks,  0.  F. 
Towneend  &  A.  F.  Pot- 
ter  1J3,  312 

Brick  Kiln,  F.  F.  Boud- 
rye 217,  233 

•Buckle,  Improved  Tui 
N.  D.  Fowler 152,  233 

Building  Block,  John  L. 
Boone 392 

•iiung  and  Bung  Inserter, 
D.  6.  Rickey 33.  233 

#Ci  anal  Boat  Propulsion, 
T.  K.  McDonnel 249,  305 

Candlestick,  Jos.  Wil- 
liams  348 

Car  Coupling,  H.H.Mor- 
gan Jh  A.  Geary 67 

Car  Truck^S.  N.  Norton.  312 

Carriage  Wheel,  Chas. 
Palmer 233 

Clasp  for  Side  Arms,  F. 
A.  Wlil&J.Finck..3l2,  380 

Clothes  Drio  r,  A.  0. 
Stow 249,  380 

Compound  lmplemcnt.J. 

0.  Schlarbaum 249 

Curing    Tobacco,  J.   D. 

Culp 233 

ZDish  Washing  Machine, 
Catharine  Wood  rnff.185.  233 

•JfcSxtension    Shelf     and 
Bracket,  ARosenfteld.  233 
409 

JPare  Box,  Carlton  New- 
man   348 

Fence  Post  and'felegraph 
Post,  John  L.  Boone.. . .  392 

Fence,  R.  A.  Riggs 325 

Filter,  E.  J.  Frazer 156 

Flag- hoisting  Apparatus, 
J.  VV.  Mclfeuzie 325 

Furnace  for  Smelt'g  Ore, 
T.  L.R.  Scheuncr. 249 

G-ancPlow,  S.  D.Bowen 
and  A.  M.  Abbott 233 

Gang  Plow,  G.W.  Haines  233 

Gang  Plow.U.  A.  Manuel  392 

Gasket  Packing,  G.  W. 
Ouffee 348 

Governor,  O.  P.  Bowen..  392 

Grain  Cleaner,  J.  H.  De 
Force 409 

Grain  Washing  Machine^ 
G  Copeland 325 

Grape  Crusher  &  Stem- 
iner,  G.  &  W.  F.  John- 
ston  249.  380 

Griping  Pulley,  A.  S. 
Uallidie 409 

Jtdarrow,  o.J.  Leabo....  233 

Horse  Power,  T.  Cnurch- 
man 233 

•Horse  P^wer,  S.  Pel- 
ton 177,  233 

Hose  Cart.  W.  E.  Shaw 
andO.  A.  Ashley 380 

Hoso  and  Tubing,  S.  P. 
Cook 249 

•Hydraulic  Elevator,  T, 
Siebblns.. 113 

Ice  Making  it  Refriger- 
ating Machine.  S.  B. 
Martin  and  J.  .11.  Beath  380 

ifcnee  Brace  for  Sewing 
Machines,  F.  E.  Mills..  297 

I  j;niii'.  E.  Boesch 29,    67 

•Lamp,  M.  Samuels 57 

Lamp  Bracket!, H.Camp- 
befl 67 

'Lamp  Chimney  Protect- 
or, C.  M.  Gruby  and  T. 

1.  Licbtig 233 

Lubricator. W.  T.  Garratt  348 
Machine  for  Clarifying 

and  Mixing  Lard.  0.  J. 

Backus 249,  348 

Machine  for  MakingCon- 

creie  Pipes,  G.  J .  Egan  249 
Mugnetic    Indicator,    J 

Unua 348.  392 

Material  for  slaking  Pa- 
per, Filling  Mattresses, 
Etc,  F.   U.  Oouc 233 

Medical  Compound,  J.M. 
Oantrell 233 

Method  of  Operating 
Rock^Driils,  A.  Blatch- 
ley 392 

•Hill,  Circular  Quartz, 
Win.  C.  Stiles 201,  233 

IN  eedle  Setter  and  Twee- 
zer for  Sewing  Ma- 
chines, J.  E.  behlar- 
baum 323 

Nozzle,  R.  R.  A  J.  Craig  312 
380. 

Nozzle,  Thos.  Watson  —    57 

Ore  Crusher,  J.  W. 
Cummings 312 

Ore  Washer,  W.  T.  Rick- 
ard 348 

Oyster  Nursery,  B.F.  Ly- 
lorA :-..  409 

.Painting    Machine     fur 
Wire  Cloth,  S.  Graves  217 
233 

Paper  File,  J.  W.  Foard  233 

Puper  Stock  Material,  S. 
D.Baldwin 121 

Permutation  Lock,  W.  C. 
Busscy 817,  233 

•lencil  Sharpener,  H. 
Burgess.. 249 

Photographic  Oamera.H. 
W.  Vaughn 121,  312 

Pneumatic  Gas  Machine, 
A.D.Bcll 325 

Preserving  Iron,  W.  H. 
Sterling .380.  392 

Propeller  Wheel.Rasmas 
Johnson 249 

Pump,  N.  P.  Sheldon  ...  233 

Hailroad  Switch,  E.  A. 
Trapp 57 

Railroad  Switch,  W.  H. 
Masterman  A  A.  Jack- 
sou 233 

Raising  Tailings,  W.  A. 
Rodgcrs 121 

•Railrodd  Tie,  John  L. 
Boone 257,  392 

Rock  Drilling  Machine. 
A.J-  Severance 409 

£iaw  Collar,  F.  A.  Hunt- 
ington  ■-    25 

Separator  for  Grain,  J. 
O.  Bowden 233 

Separator  for  Grain,  G- 
A.  Dabney 249 

Separator  and  Thresher, 
Jos.E-ise 186 

Shingle  Machine,  F.  A. 
Hunting  ton 25 

•Shoe  Fasteneng,  A.Law- 
son 89,249 


PAGE. 

Soldering  Tool,  L.  Mc- 
Murray  and  R.  J.  Hol- 
lingswoi  th 312 

Sower,  Broadcast,  J, 
Price,  B.  Johnston,  I. 
J.  Thurman  and  R.  M. 
Hamilton 233 

Spioe  Bottle,  J.  L.  Likens  a33 

Suinping  and  Hammer- 
ing Machine,  G.  D. 
Crocker 249,  348 

Stave  Machine,  L.  R. 
Fulda 297.  380 

Stench  Trap,  John  Mar- 
quis   392 

SubmarineJtOtber  Walla, 
W.  H.  Foye 217,  233 

Tool  Handle,  F.  A. 
Will  A  J.  A.  Finck,  312, 

Traclion  Engine,  O.  A. 
Olmsteaa 

Traction  Engine,  W.  W. 
Hanscom 217,  233 

Trade  Mark,  Casile  Bros.  348 

Tunneling  Machine,  A. 
W.  Von  Schmidt 

Valve  for  Water  Closets, 
Wni.    Smith 

'Wagon  Poles,  Steady- 
ing, R.  Stevens. ...156,  233 

Wagon  Tire  Tightener,  J. 
Kaf  ader. 

•Water  Elevator,  J.  A. 
Ball 

Waterproofing  and  Pre- 
serving Fabrics,  S.  P. 
Cook 348 

Water  Wheel,  W.  For- 
ward   392 

•Water  Wheel,  M.  Huu- 
geriord 247,  231 

Wheel  for  Vehicles.  G. 
R.Duval 233 

Wind-Wheel,  W.  I.  Tus- 
tin 

Wire  Rope  Way,  A.  S. 
Hiillidic 233 

Wood  Pavement,  H.  E, 
Perry 

Wood  .Pavement  (2)  H. 
M.  Stow 249 

Incorporations. 

Adams  Hill  Cone  M  Co..  119 

Adm  Nelson  T  M  Co 

Alabama     &    Humboldt 

ConsM  Co 

Alaska  M  Co 284 

Alaska  Cons  M  Co 156 

Alps  Water  Co 204 

AltaSM  Co 329 

Amazon  S  M  Oo 300 

Amelia  S  M  Co 284 

American  Flat  .M  uo 284 

American  Tobacco  Uo. 

Angels  M  i-o 

Arkansas  M  Co 

A4P  ConsM  Co 412 

AuburcG  M  Co 361 

tJakerM&M  Co.... 

B.llicSMCj 

Baltimore  M  Co 76 

Baltimore  Am  M  Co 252 

Bar  Association  of  SF...  31b 
Beach  &  Paxton  S  M  Co.  380 

Beckwlth  M  Uo... 220 

Belmont  to  Co... 204 

BcujanlnG&  SMUu...  119 

Blsmark  S  M  Co "* 

Black  Bear  and   Yellow 

Jacket  M  Co 329 

Bohemian  Club 32"* 

Bowers  M  Co 1^7 

BrandonMCo 349 

Calaveras  Gravei  M  Co..  119 
UalaverasHydraulicMOo  156 
CaliforniaGASMCo  . 
California  Uonn  ,\l  Co... 
Cal  FuruiiurcMfg  Co.... 
California  MedlcalSoci'y  284 

Cascade  BOIOu 284 

Cederburg  M  Co 284 

Cederburg  IstN  E.v  Co...  316 

Central  H  M  Co 

Central  Uons  G  &  S  M  Co  __. 

Champion  Cons  MCo 329 

Chapman  No  2  S  M  Co . .  316 
Chief  of  the  Hill  MCo...  329 

ClipperSMCo 329 

Columbia  MCo.... 31b 

Columbia  S  and  MCo...  316 

Columou3  M  Co 2S4 

Cundor  S  M  Co 188 

Constitution  TM  Ci 156 

Cook  &  Geyer  M  Co 284 

Corona  Cons  M  Oo 2j6 

Cottonwood  Creek  M  Co.  220 
Urown  Point  R  S  M  Co      " 

X>ardauelies  M  Co 2*4 

Dauphin  M  Co 284 

Dayton  G  &  S  M  Co 284 

Desdeinona  S  M  Co 284 

Deseret  ConsM  Uo 236 

DuuderburgMAMCu3l6,  329 
JEclipse,Winters  &  P.uto 

GH  Cons  M  On 

Economical  Oas  MUo ... 

Kl  Dorado  S  Cons  M  Co.,  23b 

Eliza  M  A  MCo 23P 

EllaM  C 119 

Emerald  G  &  S  M  Co. . . 

Empire  H  Co 

EuropaM  Co 

Excelsior  G  M.  Co 

Ifairneld  S  M  -  o 

Fan  haw  Creek  I  &CUo.  316 
Floral  Spring WaterCo..    44 

Florence  S  M  Co 362 

Flowory  M  Co 284 

Frear  Mtone  Co 300 

FreinontM&M  Co 241 

French  Gold  Hill  MCo...  "" 
Occldes  &  Bvrtrand  M  A 

M  Uo 

Genes.«ee  MCo 

Genessee  Valley  M  Co 234 

Gold  HiHTCfc  MCo 300 

Gopher  GAM  Co 329 

Gray  Eagle  S  M  Co 38t> 

Great  Blue  Gravel  Range 

MCo ... 

Grover  Mill  Co 169 

Guadalupe  G  S  &  C  -u  Co  220 

GwinMUo 22U 

Jt-JamiltonM  &  SI  Co....  2« 

Ha'loe  M  &  M  Co 284 

Harper  M  Co 300 

Hartford  MCo 284 

HerculesM  Co 44 

Hey  den  Hill  M  Uo 316 

Highland  Chief  M  Co....  284 


PAGE. 

Hodman  S  MCo 119 

H  onie  Ticket  M  Co 252 

Horticultural  Hall  Ass..    32 

Howard  MCo 316 

Huwland  T  Co 236 

Hulin  &.  Hunt  ci  M  Co....     til) 

Hungarian  M  Co 316 

IngomarSMUo 119 

In  urance  M  Co. 316 

Ivai.hoe  SM  Uo 188 

J.  lly  Traveler  M  Co 236 

Juanita  Uons  M  Co 137 

Kearsarge  M  £  M  uo..  348 
Kentucky  G&  S  M  Co..  220 

Keystone  M  U 156 

Keystone  SM  Co 300 

Kington  fit   Uo 60 

Lady  Bryan  M  Co 284 

Lady  Eastern  T  &  M  Uo . .  348 

Lander  Uons  M  Uo 348 

LaPazMUo 76 

La  PazT  Co 348 

Last  Chance  M  Uo 380 

Learning  Petroleum  Co.  119 

Lehigh  M  Co 166 

Leo  M  Co 329 

Lewiston  GiSMCo 348 

Louise  M  Co 137,  284 

Louisville  ConsM  Co....  329 

LucinMCo l84 

L'onBA  Wheeler  MCo..  119 

MaggieMi'o 188 

Mai  Henrietta  lBt  North 

Ex  Co 44 

Mammoth  Blue  Gravel  Co  2.*i2 

Marion  S  M  Co 319 

Maxim  Gas  Co 236 

McMahon  S  M  On 3% 

McMeansG  &  S  MOo....  284 

Midas  G  A  SM  Co 3U0 

Mocking  Bird  MCo 284 

Mohave  ConsM  C 316 

Monitor  BelmontM  Co...  300 

Moreau  Machine  Co 44 

National  M  Co 316 

Newark  S  M  Co 220 

New  York  Con, S  M  Co..  204 

NorfoIkM  Co 76 

Norman  G  &  S  M  Co 22D 

North  Comstock   M  Co  284 

300. 
North  Comstock  G  4  S  M 

Co 300 

North  Pacific  Com  Co...  119 

Oakville  Q  M  Co 44 

Occidental  M  Co 284 

Ohio  Con  M  Co 188 

Orients  MCo L9,  236 

Original  Gold  HiilMCo  300 
Original  Schell  Creek  M 

Co 284 

Othello  S  M  Co 236 

JPaoific  Borax  Co 119 

Pacific  Box  Man'f  Co 169 

Pacino  Bridge  Co 252 

Pacific  Co-operative  fur- 
niture Co 316 

Pacific  Cordage  Co, 316 

Pacific  Lancet  P.  U0..6O,    7(j 

Pacific  Paving  Co 252 

PacificProprietary  Medi- 
cine Co 156 

Pacific  Q  M  Uo 119 

Pacific  Tunnel  M  Co....  348 

Pauper  M  Uo 284 

Pea  Vine  S.  M  Uo 119 

Pennsylvania  M  4  M  Co  204 
Pennsylvania  S  iu  Co...  329 

Petticoat, M  Uo 284 

Phelps  Con  G  &  S  M  Co. .  318 

Pictou  M  Oo 284 

Pioche  Tunnel  Co 44 

Pioche  Champion  Co 252 

Plumas Eui eka  M  Co....  284 

PlyinotithRockM  Co 300 

Pride  of  the  Mountain  M 

Co 252 

Primrose  Gil  Co 169 

Providence  G  4  S  M  Co  30H 

PueblaG  &  S  M  Co 166 

.Railroad  Con  MCo  ..  252 
Red  Jacket  G  &  S  M  Co  31u 

Revenue  Con  M  Co 76 

Rising  Star  M  Co 361 

Rock  Island  G  A  S  M  Oo  220 

Ruby  Hill  MA  MUo 361 

Sailor  M  Co 300 

Salt  Lake  MCo 2iH 

San  Francisco  Abend  Pout 

Co 380 

San  Francisco  Con  M  Co  119 
San  Francisco  L  W  Co  160 
S  F  Street  Sprinkling  Uo  76 
San  Francisco  S  &  M  Co  3u6 

Sau  Jose  Con  M  Co 119 

Sapphire  SM  Uo 300 

Schell  Creek  MCo 188 

Seg  Caledonia  M  Co 348 

Setting  Sun  S  MCo 329 

Shannon  M  Co 119 

Silver  Hill  M  Uo 137 

■silver  Peak  M  Co 2<i4 

Somerset  M  Co 300 

South  Coimi'k  GAS  M  Co  329 

South  EmmaM  Co 44 

South  Justice  MCo 348 

Sou tn  Overman  S  M  Co  384 
Southern  Gold  Hill  M  Co  348 
Spring  Mountain  M  Co..   119 

Stanford  M  Co 284 

Sia   Cm  M  Co 204 

Starlight  G&  SM  Co....  U9 

Sterling  M  Co 220 

St  Jolm  M  Co 164 

St  Lawrence  M  &  M  Co  252 

Sutro  Muo - 300 

Swansea  MCo 300 

Table  Ml  Blue  G  M  Co  348 

Teacle  M  Co 234 

Tmtic  Eureka  S  M  Uo...  284 
True  Exchequer  M  Co...  284 

Tyler  M  Co 284 

TJnion  Cons  MCo 44 

Union  Hydraulic  M  O"..  284 
Union  Pacific  S  Man'f  Oo    76 

Uifih  S  M  Co 836 

Victor   SM  Co 329 

Victoria    A    Imperial    T 

A  M  Oo 396 

Vincent  MCo 188 

Virginia  A  Gold  Hill  W  Co  284 
"Ward  Beecher  Cons  M 

AMOo 284 

Washoe  S  M  Co 284 

UVb'nnt  M    Co 236 

Wellington  MAS  Co 76 

Western  Lancet  P  u  b  1  i  - 

cation  Co 76 

Winnemucca    Chief  S 

M  Co 300 

Wolverine  M  &  M  Co....  329 

Woodland  GAM  Co 137 

W.i.idvilleG  A  s  M  Co...  300 
Yuba  Gravel  M  Uo 236 


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